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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
Fis” BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
{it BuLLeETIN 30
HANDBOOK
OF
AMERICAN INDIANS
NORTH OF MEXICO
EDITED BY
FREDERICK WEBB HODGE
ENO WO eA is
PART: 2
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
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CONTRIBUTORS TO PART 2
Dr Albert Buell Lewis of the Field Museum of Natural History.
Miss Alice C. Fletcher of Washington.
Dr Alexander F. Chamberlain of Clark University.
Dr Alés Hrdli¢ka of the United States National Museum.
Dr A. L. Kroeber of the University of California.
The late Dr Albert 8S. Gatschet of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Mrs Amelia Stone Quinton of New York.
Mr Clarence B. Moore of Philadelphia.
Mr C. C. Willoughby of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University.
Dr Charles F. Lummis of Los Angeles, California.
The late Dr Cyrus Thomas of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Dr Clark Wissler of the American Museum of Natural History.
Mr D. I. Bushnell, jr., of University, Virginia.
Mr Doane Robinson of the South Dakota Historical Society.
Dr Edgar L. Hewett of the School of American Archieology.
Dr Edward Sapir of the Geological Survey of Canada.
Dr Franz Boas of Columbia University.
Dr Frank G. Speck of the University of Pennsylvania.
Mr Frank Huntington, formerly of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
The late Frank Hamilton Cushing of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Mr Francis LaFlesche of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Mrs Frances 8. Nichols of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Mr F. W. Hodge of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Dr George A. Dorsey of the Field Museum of Natural History.
Mr Gerard Fowke of Saint Louis.
The Rey. Dr George P. Donehoo of Connellsville, Pa.
Lieut. G. T. Emmons, United States Navy, retired.
Judge George W. Grayson of Eufaula, Okla.
Dr Herbert E. Bolton of Leland Stanford Junior University.
Mr Henry W. Henshaw, formerly of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
The Rey. J. A. Gilfillan of Washington.
Mr Joseph D. McGuire of Washington.
Mr James Mooney of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
. Mr J. N. B. Hewitt of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
The late Rey. J. Owen Dorsey of the Bureauof American Ethnology.
Mr Jacob P. Dunn of Indianapolis.
Dr John R. Swanton of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Dr J. Walter Fewkes of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Dr Livingston Farrand of Columbia University.
Dr Merrill E. Gates of the United States Board of Indian Commissioners.
Miss M. 8. Cook of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
The late Prof. Otis T. Mason of the United States National Museum.
Dr Pliny E. Goddard of the American Museum of Natural History.
Dr Paul Radin of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Dr Roland B. Dixon of Harvard University.
Dr8. A. Barrett of the Milwaukee Public Museum.
III
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ne
G.
CONTRIBUTORS TO PART 2
Mr Wilberforce Eames of the New York Public Library.
Dr Walter Hough of the United States National Museum.
Dr William H. Dall of the United States Geological Survey.
Mr William H. Holmes of the United States National Museum.
The late Dr William Jones of the Field Museum of Natural History.
The late Dr Washington Matthews, United States Army.
The Rey. William M. Beauchamp of Syracuse, N. Y.
Mr W. R. Gerard of New York.
HANDBOOK OF THE INDIANS
N* For all names beginning with this
abbreviation and followed by Sa.,
Sra., or Sefiora, see Nuestra Sefiora.
Naagarnep. See Nagonub.
Naagetl. A Yurok village on lower
Klamath r., just below Ayootl and above
the mouth of Blue er., n. w. Cal.
Naagetl.—A. L. Kroeber, inf’n, 1905. Nai-a-gutl.—
a? (1851) in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 111, 138,
Naahmao (Nd-ah-mii/-o, ‘turkey’). A
clan of the Mahican.—Morgan, Anc. Soc.,
174, 1877.
’ _Naai (‘monocline’). A Navaho clan.
Naa‘i.—Matthews in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, I,
104, 1890. Naa‘idine.—Ibid. (gine = ‘people’).
Naa ‘idine‘.—Matthews, Navaho Legends, 80, 1897.
Naaik (N’a‘iek, or N’é’izk, ‘the bear-
berry’). A village of the Nicola band of
Ntlakyapamuk near Nicola r., 39 m.
above Spences Bridge, Brit. Col.; pop.
141 in 1901, the last time the name
appears.
a-ai-ik.—Dawson in Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., sec.
11, 44,1891. N’a/irk.—Teit in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 11, 174, 1900. N’ée/iek,.—Ibid. Ni-ack.—Can.
Ind. Aff. 1884, 189, 1885.
Naaish (Na-aic’). A Yaquina village
on the s. side of the mouth of Yaquina r.,
Oreg.—Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore,
m1, 229, 1890.
Naalgus-hadai ( Na*a//g4s xd/da-i, ‘dark-
house people’). A subdivision of the
Yadus, a family of the Eagle clan of the
Haida.—Swanton, Cont. Haida, 276, 1905.
Naalye (Na-al-ye). A division of the
Skoton, living, according to the treaty of
Noy. 18, 1854, on Rogue r., Oreg.—Com-
pend. Ind. Treaties, 23, 1873.
Naansi. Anextincttribe, probably Cad-
doan, said by Douay to be numerous in
1687. They were allied with the Haqui
and Nabiri in a war against the Kadoha-
dacho and the Hainai at the time La
Salle’s party were traveling toward the
Mississippi after their leader’s death.
Naansi.—Douay in Shea, Discoy. Miss. Val., 217,
oe Nansi.—Hennepin, New Discoy., 1, 41,
98.
Naapope. See Nahpope.
Naas-Glee. Given as a Chimmesyan
village at the headwaters of Skeena r., w.
Brit. Col.—Downie in Jour. Roy. Geog.
Soc., xxxt, 253, 1861.
3456—Bull. 30, pt 2—07——1
Naasumetunne (‘people dwelling on or
near the Naasu’). A clan or band, prob-
ably Yakonan, on a small stream called
Naasu by the Naltunnetunne, s. of Sal-
mon r. and nv. of the mouth of Siletz r.,
Oreg.
Naaskaak.—Scouler (1846) in Jour. Ethnol. Soc.
Lond., I, 233, 1848 (probably identical). Na/-a-si
me’ yanné.—Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 11, 231,
1890 (Naltunnetunne name). Naatsi.—McKen-
ney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, 111, 81, 1854. :
Nabatutuei. (Nabat’hii’-tii/ei, ‘white
village’). A traditional pueblo of the
Tigua of Isleta, N. Mex. ‘
Nabat’ hu’-tii’ei.—Gatschet, Mythic Tale of Isleta,
210,1891. Nah-bah-t6o-too-ee.—Lummis, Man who
Married the Moon, 12, 1894. White Pueblo.—Gat-
schet, op. cit., 214.
Nabedache ( Nii’-bai-dii’-che, said to be a
fruit resembling the blackberry. Gat-
schet says the archaic name of the tribe
was Nawadishe, from witish, ‘salt’; Joutel
(Margry, Déc., 111, 390, 1878) corrobo-
rates this by saying that Naoudiche means
‘salt’, and that the village bearing this
name was so called because of the salt
supply near by). One of the 12 or more
tribes of the Hasinai, or southern Cad-
do, confederacy. They spoke the com-
mon language of the group. Their main
village stood for a century or more 3
or 4 leagues w. of Neches r. and near
Arroyo San Pedro, at a site close to
the old San Antonio road, which became
known as San Pedro. This name clung
to the place throughout the 18th century,
and seems still to cling to it, since San
Pedro cr. and the village of San Pedro, in
Houston co., Tex., are in the same gen-
eral vicinity as old San Pedro. In 1687
a well-beaten path led past this village to
the Hasinai hunting grounds beyond the
Brazos (Joutel in Margry, Déc., 111, 325,
326, 332, 1878). It perhaps became a part
of the later San Antonio road.
The Nouadiche mentioned by Bien-
ville in 1700 (Margry, Déc., tv, 441, 1881)
and the Amediche mentioned by La Harpe
in 1719 (ibid., v1, 262, 1886) are clearly
the Nabedache of San Pedro. Joutel
(ibid., 11, 388, 1878) tells us that the
Naodiche village, which he passed
through some 15 leagues nN. E. of San
2 NABEDACHE
Pedro, was allied to the latter, and it
seems probable that it belonged to the
same tribe. The Naouydiche mentioned
by La Harpe in 1719, however, are not so
easily identified with the Nabedache,
since he associates them with the Ton-
kawa, calls them a wandering tribe which
until La Salle’s coming had been at war
with the Kadohadacho, and on the same
page mentions the Amediche apparently
as a distinct tribe (Margry, Déc., v1, 262,
277, 1886). Yet the facts that the ‘‘ great
chief”? of the Naouydiches, of whom
La Harpe writes, spoke the language of
the Nassonites, i. e., Caddoan, and that
the Nouadiche of Bienville’s account
were the Nabedache, make it probable
that those of La Harpe’s account were the
same people. Concerning the Nabe-
dache of San Pedro, always in historic
times the chief village of the tribe, the
information is relatively full and satisfac-
tory. They are the first Texas: tribe of
which there is a definite account, and be-
cause of their location on the western
frontier of the Hasinai group and on the
highway from Mexico to Louisiana they
are frequently mentioned during the 18th
century. La Salle passed through this
village in 1686 on his way to the southern
Nasoni, and by ‘‘the great Coenis village’’
of Douay’s account of this expedition is
meant specifically the Nabedache village
w. of Neches r. and the Neche village just
on the other side (Douay in French, Hist.
Coll. La., tv, 204-205, 1852). Joutel’s
description of the Cenis ( Hasinai), as dis-
tinguished from the southern Nasoni and
the Kadohadacho, is based on his sojourn
at the Nabedache and Neche villages
(Margry, Déc., 111, 339-356, 1878) ; like-
wise Jesus Marfa’s invaluable account of
the Hasinai was written at his mission
near the Nabedache village (Francisco de
Jesus Maria, MS. Relacién, Aug. 15, 1691).
The political, social, and economic or-
ganization, as well as the general exterior
relations of this tribe, were much the
same as those of the confederate tribes,
and are described under Neche (q. v.).
Joutel, in 1687, informs us that from the
western edge of the Nabedache village to
the chief’s house it was a ‘‘large league”’
(Margery, Déc., 11, 341, 1878). The houses
on the way were grouped into ‘‘ham-
lets”? of from 7 to 15, and surrounded by
fields. Similar ‘‘hamlets’’ were scattered
all the way to the Neches. In the mid-
dle of the settlement was a large assem-
bly house, or town house (ibid., 343).
Father Damian Massanet (Tex. Hist. Assn.
Quar., 1, 303, 1899) thus describes the
caddi’s or chief’s house as he saw it in
1690: ‘‘ We came to the governor’s house,
where we found a number of Indians—
men, women, and children. The
[B. A. B.
house is built of stakes thatched over with
grass; it is about 20 varas high, is round,
and has no windows, daylight entering
through the door only; this door is like
a room door such as we have here [in
Mexico]. In the middle of the house is
the fire, which is never extinguished by
day or by night, and over the door on the
inner side there is a little mound of peb-
bles very prettily arranged. Ranged
around one-half of the house, inside, are
10 beds, which consist of a rug made of
reeds, laid on 4 forked sticks. Over the
rug they spread buffalo skins, on which
they sleep. At the head and foot of the
bed is attached another carpet, forming
a sort of arch, which, lined with a very
brilliantly colored piece of reed matting,
makes what bears some resemblance to
a very pretty alcove. In the other half
of the house, where there are no beds,
there are some shelves about 2 varas
high, and on them are ranged large round
baskets made of reeds (in which they
keep their corn, nuts, acorns, beans, etc. ),
a row of very large earthen pots like our
earthen jars, . . . and 6 wooden mortars
for pounding corn in rainy weather (for
when it is fair they grind it in the court-
yard).’’ Besides what is learned of Has-
inai foods in general we are told by Solis,
who visited San Pedro in 1768, that the
Nabedache used a root called tuqui, which
was somewhat like the Cuban cassava.
They ground it in mortars and ate it with
bear’s fat, of which they were_partic-
ularly fond. Solis also tells us that res-
ident there at this time was an Indian
woman of great authority, named Sanate
Adiva, meaning ‘great woman’, or ‘chief
woman’; that she lived in a house of
many rooms; that the other tribes brought
her presents, and that she had 5 hus-
bands and many servants (Diario, Mem.
de Nueva Espafia, xxv, 280, 281, MS.).
Though the Nabedache were a peace-
able people, they had many enemies, and
in war they were high-spirited and cruel.
In 1687 they and the Neche, aided by
some of Joutel’s party, made a success-
ful campaign against the ‘‘Canohatinno.”’
On the return one female captive was
scalped alive and sent back to her people
with a challenge (Joutel in Margery, Déc.,
111, 377, 1878), while another was tortured
to death by the women (ibid., 878). La
Harpe reported that in 1714 the Nabe-
dache (Amediches) and other Hasinai
tribes were at war with the lower Natchi-
toch (ibid., v1, 193, 1886). In 1715 a
party of Hasinai, including Nabedache,
joined St. Denis in an expedition to
Mexico. On the way a fierce battle was
fought near San Marcos r. (apparently the
Colorado) with 200 coast Indians, ‘‘always
theirchief enemies’’ (San Denis, Declara-
BULL. 30]
cién, 1715, Mem. de Nueva Espana, xxv,
124, MS.). Wars with the Apache were
frequent. In 1719 Du Rivage met on Red
r. a party of Naouydiches and other tribes
who had just won a victory over this
enemy (Margry, Déc., v1, 277, 1886).
Shortly after this, La Harpe was joined
near the Arkansas by the Naouydiche
“‘oreat chief’? and 40 warriors (ibid.,
286). Weare told that the Nabedache,
with other Hasinai, aided the French in
1730 in their war with the Natchez (Me-
zicres in Mem. de Nueva Espafia, xxvitt,
229). Early in the 18th century the Na-
bedache seem generally to have been hos-
tile to the. Tonkawan tribes; but later,
hatred for the Apache made them fre-
quently allies, and we now hear of the
Tonkawans selling Apache captives to the
Nabedache. The possession at San Pedro
in 1735 of some captive Apache women
secured in this way threatened to cause
war between the Spaniards and the
Apache. TheSpaniards, toavoid trouble,
ransomed the women and sent them home
(Gov. Barrios y Juaregui to the Viceroy,
Apr. 17, 1753, MS. Archivo General, His-
toria, 299). In 1791, after fierce warfare
between the Lipan and the combined
northern Indians—the Wichita, Hasinai,
and Tonkawa—the Apache endeavored to
secure the aid of the Hasinai against the
Tonkawa, but Gil Ybarbo, Spanish com-
mander at Nacogdoches, prevented it
(Ybarbo to the Governor, Apr. 26, 1791,
Béxar Archives, Nacogdoches, 1758-93,
MS.). Common hostility toward the
Apache frequently made the Nabedache
and the Comanche friends, but this friend-
ship was unstable. The military rela-
tions of the Nabedache in the 19th century
have not yet been investigated, but it is
known that hostility to the Apache con-
tinued well into that period.
In May, 1690, Massanet and Capt. Do-
mingo Ramon founded the first Texas
mission (San Francisco de los Texas)
at the Nabedache village, and a few
months later the second (Santisima
Nombre de Maria) was planted near by
(Jesus Marfa, Relacién, 1691). On May
25, De Leén delivered to the Nabedache
caddi a baston and a cross, and conferred
on him the title of ‘‘governor of all his
pueblos’? (De Leén, Derrotero, 1690).
This was done, as Jesus Maria clearly
shows, under the mistaken notion that
the Nabedache was the head tribe of the
confederacy, and its caddi the head chief.
These distinctions belonged, however, to
the Hainai tribe and the great chenesi
resident there (ibid., 18). This mistake,
it is believed, caused some political dis-
turbance in the confederacy. In 1690-91
an epidemic visited the tribe in common
with its neighbors (Jesus Maria, Relacion,
NABEDACHE 3
1691). Trouble, fomented by medicine-
men and soldiers, soon arose between the
missionaries and the Indians. In 1692
the chief, with most of his people, with-
drew from the mission to the distant
‘‘fields,’’ and refused to return ( Massanet,
MS., 1692). In1693thé mission wasaban-
doned (Clark in Tex. Hist. Assn. Quar.,
vy, 200-201, 1902), and when restored in
1716 it was placed at the Neche village
on the other side of the river. In 1727
Rivera (Diario, leg. 2093, 1736) reported
that San Pedro was then occupied by the
Neche, though formerly by the Nabe-
dache. That the Neche had moved to
San Pedro is perhaps true; but it seems
improbable that the Nabedache had left
the place, for long afterward the inhab-
itants of it continued to be called Nabe-
dache (De Soto Bermudez does., 1753,
MS. Archivo General, Historia, 299;
Meziéres, Cartas, 1779). When Solis
visited the Nabedache in 1768 their cus-
toms were still about as first described,
except that they had nearly discarded
the bow for the firelock, and were very
inebriate, due, Solis claimed, to French
liquor. In the middle of the 18th
century French influence over the Has-
inai greatly increased, and Spanish
influence declined. In 1753 the Nabe-
dache took part in a gathering of the
tribes at the Nadote (Nadaco?) village,
in which, it was reported, the Indians
proposed killing all the Spaniards in
eastern Texas; but St. Denis, of Natchi-
toches, prevented the attempt (Fr.
Calahorra y Sanz, Feb. 23, 1753, MS.
Archivo General, Historia, 299). This
situation led to a plan, which failed, to
have a garrison posted at San Pedro
(Barrios y Juaregui to the Viceroy, ibid. ).
In 1778 or 1779 an epidemic reduced the
population, and Meziéres, writing from
“San Pedro Nevadachos,’”’ situated
apparently just where Joutel had found
it, reported the number of warriors at
somewhat more than 160 (Carta, Aug.
-26, 1779, Mem. de Nueva Espafia, xxviil,
241). In 1805 Sibley gave the number
at 80 men; but about 1809 Davenport,
who was at Nacogdoches, gave it as 100
(Report to Manuel Salcedo, copy dated
Apr. 24, 1809, in Archivo General,
Provincias Internas, 201). Sibley’s and
Davenport’s reports and Austin’s map of
1829 all indicate that the tribe had moved
up Neches r. after 1779 (original Austin
map, in Secretaria de Fomento, Mexico).
From a letter in the Béxar Archives it
appears that this migration may have
occurred before 1784 (Neve to Cabello,
Béxar Archives, Province of Texas,
1781-84). In the 19th century the
Nabedache shared the fate of the other
tribes of the Caddo and Hasinai confed-
4 NABESNATANA—N ACAMERI
eracies, and the survivors are now on the
(allotted) Wichita res. in Oklahoma, but
are not separately enumerated. (H. 5. B. )
Amediche,—La Harpe (1719) in Margry, Déc., 111,
194, 1878. Amedichez,—Ibid., v1, 266, 1886. Ana- -
baidaitcho,—Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., 1, 43, 1884.
Nabadaches.—Sibley, Hist. Sketches, 67, 1806.
Nabadachies.—Pénicaut (1701) in French, Hist.
Coll. La., n.s., I, 73, 1869. Nabadatsu.—Gatschet,
op. cit.,48. Nabaducho.—Latham in Trans. Philol.
Soc. Lond., 104, 1856. Nabaduchoe.—Burnet (1847)
in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 1, 239, 1851. Nabai-
datcho,—Gatschet, Caddo and Yatassi MS., B. A.
E., 77. Na-ba/-i-da’/-ti.—J. O. Dorsey, inf’n, 1881
(ownname). Nabato,—Tex. State Archives, Cen-
sus, Sept. 16,1790. Nabaydacho,—Jesus Maria, Re-
lacion, MS., 1691. Nabedaches.—Sibley, Hist.
Sketches, 71, 1806. Nabedoches.—Brackenridge,
Views of La., 87,1815. Nabeidacho,—Hidalgo, let-
ter, Oct. 6,1716, MS. in Archivo Gen. Nabeida-
tcho.—Gatschet, Caddo and Yatassi MS., B. A. E.,
42. Nabeidtacho.—Representacion (1716) in Mem.
de Nueva Espana, XXVIII, 163,MS. Nabidachos.—
Rivera, Diario, leg. 2093, 1736. Nadatcho,—Delisle
(1687) in Margry, Déc., 11, 409, 1878 (identical?).
Nadeches.—Neill, Hist. Minn., 173, 1858. Nadei-
cha,—Delisle (1687) in Margry, Déc., 111, 409, 1878.
Nahodiche.—La Harpe (1719) in French, Hist.
Coll. La., 111, 72,1851. Nahordikhe.—Joutel (1687),
ibid., 1, 163, 1846. Nahoudikhé,—Shea, note in
Charlevoix, New France, Iv, 108, 1870. _ Nahudi-
ques.—Barcia, Ensayo, 278, 1723. Naodiché.—Tonti
(1690) in French, Hist. Coll. La., 1, 71, 1846. Na-
onediche.—De la Tour, map Amérique Sépten-
trionale, 1779. Naouadiché.—Tonti (1690) in
French, Hist. Coll. La., I, 74, 1846. Naoudiché,—
Ibid., 75. Naoudishes.—Martin, Hist. La., 1, 220,
1827. Naouediches.—Anville, map N. A., 1752.
Naouidiche.—Joutel (1687) in Margry, Déc., rT, 394,
1888. Naouydiches.—La Harpe (1719) , ibid., v1, 262,
1886. Naovediché.—Tonti (1690) in French, Hist.
Coll. La., I, 73, 1846. Navadacho.—Bull. Soe.
Geogr. Mex., 267, 1870. Navedachos,—Morfi
quoted by Shea in Charlevoix, New France, Iv,
80, 1870. Navenacho,—Linarés (1716) in Margry,
Déc., Vi, 217, 1886. Navidacho.—Bull. Soc. Geogr.
. Mex., 504, 1869. Nawadishe.—Gatschet, Caddo
and Yatassi MS., B. A. E., 81 (archaic name, fr.
witish, ‘salt’). Nebadache.—Brown, West. Gaz.,
214, 1817. Nebedache.—Ibid., 215. Nevachos.—
San Denis (1715) in Mem. de Nueva Espafia,
XXVII, 123, MS. Nevadizoes.—Meziéres (1778) in
Bancroft, No. Mex.States,1, 661,1886. Noadiches.—
Barcia, Ensayo, 288, 1723. Nouadiche.—Bienville
(1700) in Margry, Déc., Iv, 441, 1880. Nouidiches, —
De l’Isle, map Amér., 1700. Novadiches,—Barcia,
Ensayo, 288, 1723. Ouadiches.—McKenney and
Hall, Ind. Tribes, 111, 81,1854. Ouidiches.—Douay
(1687) in Shea, Discov. Miss. Val., 218, 1852.
Quidiches.—Hennepin, New Discoy., 11, 43, 1698.
Yneci.—Jesus Maria, Relacion, 1691, MS.
Nabesnatana. A division of the Tenan-
kutchin dwelling on the Nabesna branch
of Tanana r., Alaska, and having the vil-
lage of Khiltat at its mouth.—Allen, Rep.
Alaska, 79, 1887.
Nabeyxa. A former tribe of Texas,
mentioned as being N. E. of the Nabe-
dache by Francisco de Jesus Marfa, a mis-
sionary among the latter tribe, in his MS.
relation of August, 1691. He included it
in his list of Texias (‘allies’). Inas-
much as in the same list he mentions the
Naviti (apparently the Nabiri), the Na-
beyxa must have been supposed by him
to be a different tribe. It was probably
Caddoan. (H. E. B.)
Nabiri. An extinct village or tribe of
Texas, possibly Caddoan, mentioned by
Douay in 1687 as populous and as allied
with the Haqui and Naansi in a war
[B. A. B.
against the Kadohadacho and the Hainai.
According to De I’Isle’s map of 1707 the
people then lived n. of Washitar. ins. Ar-
kansas. See Douay in Shea, Discoy. Miss.
Val., 2d ed, 221, 1903.
Nabari.—McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, 1,
81, 1854. NabiriimHennepin, New Discoy., 11, 41,
1698. Nabites.—Baudry des Loziéres, Voy. a la
Louisiane, 243, 1802 (probably identical). Na-
biti.—De |’ Isle, map (1701) in Winsor, Hist. Am.,
Il, 294, 1886. Nahari,—Coxe, Carolana, map, 1741.
Nahiri.—Shea in Charlevoix, New France, Iv,
108, note, 1870. Naviti.—Francisco de Jesus Maria,
Relacién, 1691, MS. (apparently identical ).
Nabisippi. A former Montagnais sta-
tion on the N. shore of the Gulf of St
Lawrence, opposite Anticosti id., Quebec.
Nabisippi.—Stearns, Labrador, 269, 1884. Napis-
sipi,—Hind, Lab. Penin., 1, 180, 1863.
Nabobish. (Nibobish, ‘poor soup.’) A
Chippewa village, named from a chief,
that formerly stood at the mouth of
Saginaw r., Mich. The reservation was
sold in 1837.
Nababish.—Detroit treaty (1837) in U. S. Ind.
Treaties, 245, 1873. Nabobask.—Saginaw treaty
1820), ibid., 141, 1887. Na-bo-bish:—Detroit treaty
1837), ibid., 249, 1873. ;
Nabogame (irom Navégeri, ‘where no-
pals [navé6] grow.’—Lumholtz). A Tepe-
huane pueblo in the district of Mina, 17
m. N. of Guadalupe y Calvo, in thes. w.
corner of Chihuahua, Mexico, about lat.
26° 207.
Nabogame.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., 324, 1864.
Navogame, —Ibid., 322. Navogeri.—Lumholtz, Un-
known Mex.,, I, 423, 1902 (Tepehuane name).
Nabowu (named from an unknown
plant). A clan of the Chua (Rattlesnake)
phratry of the Hopi.
Nabovi winwi.—Fewkes in 19th Rep. B. A. E.,
582, 1900 (wittwi=‘ clan’). Na/-bowu wun-wi.—
Fewkes in Am. Anthrop., Vil, 402, 1894.
Nabukak. A Yuit Eskimo village of 48
houses and about 275 people on East cape,
N. E. Siberia.
Nabu’qak.—Bogoras, Chukchee, 30, 1904. Ne/-
eaklit.—Ibid., 20 (Chukchee name of people).
No’ekan.—Ibid. (Chukchee name of the village).
oe ce ay (Chukechee derisive name of peo-
pie.
Nacachau, One of the 9 tribes men-
tioned in a manuscript relation by Fran-
cisco de Jesus Maria, in 1691, as consti-
tuting the Hasinai confederacy in Texas.
They lived just n. of the Neche tribe and
on the £. side of Neches r. In 1716 San
Francisco de los Texas mission was estab-
lished, according to Ramon, in their vil-
lage; and, according to one of Ramén’s
companions, for them, the Neche, the Na-
bedache, and the Nacono. The mission
soon became known as San Francisco de
los Neches and the name Nacachau dis-
appears, the tribe being absorbed, prob-
ably, by the Neche. (a. E. B.)
Nacachao.—Hidalgo, letter, Oct. 6, 1716, Archivo
General. Nacachas.—Representaci6n of the mis-
sionaries, 1716, Mem. de Nueva Espafia, XXvII,
163, MS. Nacoches.—Ram6én, Derrotero, 1716,
Mem. de Nueva Espafia, X XVII, 157, MS.
Nacameri (‘bat dwelling.’—Och). A
former pueblo of the Pima and the seat
of a Spanish mission founded in 1638;
BULL, 30]
situated on the rg. bank of Rio Horcasitas,
Sonora, Mexico. Pop. 362 in 1678, 62 in
a map (1702) in Stécklein, Neue
Welt-Bott, 74, 1726. Rosario Nacameri.—Rivera
(1730) quoted by, Bancroft, No. Mex. States, 513,
ora Santa Maria Nacameri.—Zapata (1678), ibid.,
245.
Nacaniche. Possibly a division of the
Nabedache, a Caddo tribe with whom
they were closely affiliated, although they
were not always at peace with the tribes
composing the confederacy. They first
became known to the French about 1690,
and according to La Harpe their villages
in 1719 were n. of the Hainai. During
the disturbances between the Spaniards
and French in the 18th century the Na-
caniche seem to have abandoned their
more northerly villages and, about 1760,
to have concentrated on Trinity r., near
the road leading to New Mexico. The
tribe was included in the Texas census of
1790 as among those which were under
the jurisdiction of Nacogdoches. The Na-
caniche were exposed to the same adverse
influences that destroyed so large a part
of their kindred. They clung to the Na-
bedache during the trying experiences of
the first half of the 19th century, and if
any survive they are with the Caddo (q. v. )
on the Wichita res., Okla. A stream in
gE. Nacogdoches co., Texas, preserves
their name. (ASC)
Nacaniche, —Census of 1790 in Tex. State Archives.
Nicondiché.—Tonti (1690) in French, Hist. Coll.
La., I, 71, 1846.
Nacau. A former tribeof Texas, closely
associated with the Nacogdoche. They
are mentioned in 1691 by Francisco de
Jesus Maria in his manuscript _list of
Texias (‘allies’) as n. 5. of his mission
among the Nabedache. San Denis, in
1715, gave the Nacao, apparently the same,
as one of the Hasinai or Texas tribes
(Declaracion, MS.,1715, in Mem. de Nueva
Espafia, xxvu, 123). In 1716 Nuestra
Seforade Guadalupe mission was founded
for this tribe and the Nacogdoche ( Fran-
cisco Hidalgo and Manuel Castellano,
letter to Pedro Mesquia, Oct. 6, 1716, MS.
Archivo General). This fact, taken with
the statement of Jesus Maria, makes it
seem probable that the tribe lived n. of
the Nacogdoche. After 1716 the Nacau
seem to disappear from history as an in-
dependentgroup; it wasperhaps absorbed
by the Nacogdoche. (H. E. B.)
Nacao.—San Denis, 1715, op. cit. Nacau.,—Fran-
cisco de Jesus Maria, 1691, MS., op. cit. Nacaxes,—
Barrios y Jauregui, 1753, op. cit. (identical?).
Nacoho.—Joutel (1687) in Margry, Déc., 111, 409,
1878. Nijaos—Bul. Soc. Geog. Mex., 504, 1869
identical?). Nocao,—Linares (1716) in Margry,
é¢., VI, 217, 1886.
Nacaugna. A Gabrielefo rancheria for-
merly in Los Angeles co., Cal., at a place
later called Carpenter’s ranch.
Nacaugna.—Ried quoted by Taylor in Cal. Far-
mer, Jan. 11, 1861 (cf. Hoffman in Bull. Essex
Inst., XV, 1,1885). Nicaugna,—Ibid., June§8, 1860,
NACANICHE—N ACHENINGA 5
Nacbuc. A Chumashan village w. of
Pueblo de los Canoas (San Buenaventura),
Ventura co.; Cal., in 1542.
Nacbue.—Cabrillo, Narr. (1542) in Smith, Colec.
Doe. Fla.,181, 1857. Nacbue.—Taylor in Cal. Far-
mer, Apr. 17, 1863 (misprint).
Nachaquatuck (from Wa/nashque-tuck,
‘the ending creek,’ because it was the
end or boundary of the Eaton’s Neck
tract.—Tooker). A former Matinecoc
village near the present Cold Spring,
Suffolk co., Longid., N.Y. The name
occurs as early as 1666.
Nachaquatuck.—Thompson, Long Id., I, 501, 1843.
Nackaquatok.—Ruttenber, Ind. Geog. Names, 97,
1906.
Nacheninga (‘ No-heart-of-fear’). The
name of at least two prominent Iowa
chiefs, commonly called No Heart, both
noted for their sterling qualities and
highly regarded by both their tribesmen
and the whites. Nacheninga the elder
NACHENINGA (Arter c. B. Kina)
died a short time before Catlin’s visit to
the tribe in 1832, when he was succeeded
by his son, who, however, was regarded
as subordinate to Mahaskah the younger.
The junior Nacheninga has been described
as a fine specimen of his race physically,
and as ‘‘the faithful husband of one
wife.’’ His portrait was painted by Cat-
lin in 1832. In behalf of the Iowa he
signed the treaty of St Louis, Nov. 23,
1837, and in the same year visited Wash-
ington, where his portrait was painted
for the War Department by Charles B.
King, and is now preserved in the U. 8.
National Museum (see _ illustration).
Nacheninga was a signer also of the
treaty of Great Nemaha agency, Neb.,
Oct. 19, 1838; the treaty of Washington,
May 17, 1854, and that of Great Nemaha
agency, Mar. 6, 1861. The name is vari-
6 NACHICHE—N ACOGDOCHE
ously spelled Nachewinga, Nan-chee-
ning-a, Nau-che-ning-ga, Non-che-ning-
ga, Non-gee-ninga, and Notch-ee-ning-a.
Consult Fulton, Red Men of Iowa, 124,
1882; Catlin, North American Indians,
11, 1844; Donaldson in National Museum
Report for 1885, 1886.
Nachiche (‘golden eagle’). A subgens
of the Cheghita, the Eagle gens of the
Towa.
Na/tci-tce’.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 238, 1897.
Qra’-qtci.—Ibid.
Nachurituei (Natchi/ri-tii/ei, ‘yellow
village’). A traditional pueblo of the
Tigua of Isleta, N. Mex.
Na/dshir’ tii’ei.—Gatschet, Mythie ‘Vale of Isleta,
210,1891, Nah-choo-rée-too-ee.—Lummis, Man who
Married the Moon, 12, 1894. Natchi/ri-tii’ei.—
Gatschet, op. cit. Yellow Village.—Lummisin St.
Nicholas, XVIII, 833, 1891.
Nachvak. An Eskimo missionary sta-
tion of the Moravians in Labrador, close
to C. Chidley.— Duckworth in Proce, Cam-
bridge Philos. Soc., x, 288, 1900.
Nacisi. A small tribe, possibly of Cad-
doan stock, formerly dwelling in the re-
gion of Redr., La. They were first men-
tioned by Joutel in 1687, at which time
they were at enmity with the Cenis (Cad-
do confederacy). When Bienville ae
St Denis were exploring Red r. of La., i
1700, they found on that stream a Ries
of the Nacisi consisting of 8 houses. They
were still in this neighborhood in 1741,
but during the vicissitudes of the 18th
century seem to have drifted southward
beyond the border of the French proy-
ince, forin 1780they are mentioned among
the tribes under the jurisdiction of Nacog-
doches, in Texas. (ACKC aE?)
Nacachez. —Jefferys, Am. Atlas, map 5, 1776. Na-
cassa,—Joutel (1687) in Margery, Dée, Ilr, 409, 1878.
Nacassé.—La Harpe (ca.1714) in Fre nch, Hist. Coll.
La., 111, 19, 1851. Nacatches.—Alcedo, Dic. Geog.,
III, 279, 1788. Nacisi.—Census of 1790 in Texas
State Archives. Nagusi.—Coxe, Carolana, map,
1741. Nahacassi.—Joutel, op. cit. Nakasas.—
Bienville (1700) in Margry, Déce., rv, 439, 1880.
Nacogdoche (Na-ko-hodd-isi). A tribe
of the Hasinai confederacy of Texas. It
has been said that their language dif-
fered from that of the Hasinai group in
general, but there is much evidence to
indicate that this isnot true. For exam-
ple, Ramon, who founded missions at the
Neche, Hainai, Nasoni, and Nacogdoche
villages i in 1716, states in his report that
“these four missions will comprise from
four to five thousand persons of both
sexes, all of one idiom’’ (Representacién,
July 22, 1716, in Mem. de Nueva Espafia,
xxvu, 160, MS.). On the same day the
missionaries wrote that the Nacogdoche
mission ‘‘N. 8. de Guadalupe .. . is
awaiting people of the same language
and customs”? as those of the Indians
of mission Concepcion, i. e., the Hainai
(ibid., 163). In 1752, when the goy-
ernor of Texas was ar ranging to inspect
the villages of the Hainai, Nabedache,
fp. A.
Nacogdoche, Nasoni, and Nadote, An-
tonio Barrera was appointed interpreter,
because he was a person ‘‘understanding
with all perfection the idiom of these
Indians,’”’ the implication being that
they all spoke a single language (Jacinto
de Barrios y Juaregui, Oct. 30, 1752, in
Archivo General, Hist., 299, MS.). Mez-
iéres said that the Nabedache, Nadaco
(Anadarko), Hainai, and Nacogdoche
spoke the same language (letter to Croix,
Feb. 20, 1778, Mem. de Nueva Espaiia,
XXVIII, 229 _MS.). Other similar evidence
might be cited.
Their main village at the opening of
the 18th century and for a long time
thereafter was approximately on the site
of the modern city of Nacogdoches, where
four Indian moundsexisted until recently.
This place seems to have been called
Nevantin. The Nacogdoche were men-
tioned apparently by the Gentleman of
Elvas in his account of the De Soto ex-
pedition; but they were first made def-.
initely known by Jesus Maria in 1691,
who called them the Nazadachotzi, indi-
cated correctly their location, and classi-
fied them as one of the nine Aseney
(Hasinai) tribes (Relacién, 108, MS.).
It seems probable that the Nacogdoche
are distinct from the Aquodocez, with
whom Pénicaut in 1714 said the Assinais
were at war (Margry, Déc., v, 504, 1883).
At this time San Denis found the Nacog-
doche, Hainai, Nadaco (Anadarko), and
others at war with the lower Nate hitoch,
but he restored peace among them (La
Harpe in Margery, Déc., vr, 193, 1886; see
also letter of Macartij, Nov. 17, 1763,
Nacogdoches Archives, MS.). Espinosa
tells us that the Nasoni, whose main yil-
lage was some 25 m. to the N., were es-
pecially closely allied with the Nacog-
doche, and came to their village for some
of their principal religious observances
(Chroénica Apostdélica, 1, 425, 1746).
In July, 1716, the Franciscans of the
college at Zacatecas established their first
Texas mission at the main Nacogdoche
village for this tribe and the Nacao.
This mission became the headquarters of
the president, Fray Antonio Margil de
Jesus (Espinosa, Diario, entries for July
5-8, MS., Archivo General). In 1719
the mission, like all the others of gz. Texas,
was abandoned through fear of a French
attack, but was reestablished in 1721 on
the same site (Pena, Diario, Mem. de
Nueva Espafia, xxvii, 44, MS.). The
mission continued to exist long after three
of its neighbors had been removed; but
it had very little success, and in 1773 it
was abandoned. The Spanish settlers,
who were removed at this time from
Adaes, and at whose head was Antonio
Gil Ybarbo, were allowed to settle on the
Trinity, founding in 1774 a place which
BULL. 30]
they called Pilar de Bucareli. Early in
1779 they migrated, without authority, to
the site of the Nacogdoches mission. The
modern city of Nacogdoches dates from
this time.
The Nacogdoche were nominally within
the Spanish jurisdiction, but the French
early gained their affection through the
unlicensed trade which they conducted
with the Indians. The French supplied
guns, ammunition, knives, cloth, vermil-
ion, and knickknacks, in return for horses,
skins, bear’s fat in great quantities,
corn, beans, and Apache captives. This
trade, particularly that in firearms, was
opposed by the Spanish officials, and as
a result there were frequent disputes
on the frontier, the Indians sometimes
taking one side and Sometimes the other.
In 1733, for example, two Nacogdoche
chiefs reported at Adaes that the French
had offered them a large reward if they
would destroy the Spanish presidio of
Adaes (Expediente sobre la Campafa,
ete., 1739, Archivo General, Provincias
Internas, xxxu1, MS.). The charge was
denied, of course, by the French. Again,
in August, 1750, it was said that the Na-
cogdoche chief, Chacaiauchia, or San-
chez, instigated as he claimed by San Denis
of Natchitoches, went to the Nacogdoches
mission, threatened the life of the mis-
sionary, Father Calahorra y Sanz, and
ordered him to depart with all the Span-
iards (Testimonio de Autos de Pesquiza
sobre Comercio Ylicito, 1751, Béxar Ar-
chives, Adaes, 1739-55, MS.). On the
other hand, when in 1752 a gathering of
tribes was held at the Nadote village to
discuss a plan for attacking all the Span-
ish establishments, the Nacogdoche chief,
apparently Chacaiauchia, and San Denis
both appear in the light of defenders of
the Spaniards (Testimony of Calahorra y
Sanz in De Soto Bermudez, Report of In-
vestigation, Archivo General, Hist., 299,
MS.). Chacaiauchia, or Sanchez, seems
to have retained the chieftaincy a long
time, for in 1768 Solis tells of being vis-
ited at the mission by Chief Sanchez, a
man of large following (Diario in Mem.
de Nueva Espafia, xxvir, 282, MS.).
Some data as to the numerical strength
of the tribe are extant. In 1721, when
Aguayo refounded the mission, he pro-
vided clothing for ‘‘the chief and all the
rest,’’ a total of 390 ( Pefia, Diario, in Mem.
de Nueva Espafia, xxvu, 44, MS.). This
may have included some Nacao, and, on
the other hand, it may not have included
all of the Nacogdoche tribe. It was re-
ported that in 1733 the two Nacogdoche
chiefs mentioned above went to Adaes
with 60 warriors (Expediente sobre la
Campaiia, 1739, op.cit.). It isnot known
whether the warriors were all Nacogdoche
or not, but that is the implication. In
NACOGDOCHE 7
1752 De Soto Bermudez inspected the
Nacogdoche pueblo and reported that it
consisted of 11 ‘‘rancherias grandes,’’ con-
taining 52 warriors, besides many youths
nearly able to bear arms (Rep. of Inves-
tigation, 1752, Archivo General, Hist.,
299). Croix’s list of 1778 does not in-
clude the Nacogdoche, unless they are his
Nacogdochitos, a group of 30 families liv-
ing on the Attoyac (Relacién Particular,
Archivo General, Prov. Intern., 182).
According to a census of 1790, on the au-
thority of Gatschet, the Nacogdoche were
reduced to 34 men, 31 women, 27 boys,
and 23 girls. Davenport, in 1809, report-
ed the Nacogdochitos as comprising 50
men (Noticia, Archivo General, Proy.
Intern., 201, MS. ).
By 1752 the Nacogdoche pueblo had
been removed some 3 leagues northward
(De Soto Bermudez, op. cit.). When this
transfer took place is not clear, but
Meziéres says that they deserted the mis-
sionat once (Carta, Aug. 23, 1779, in Mem.
de Nueva Espafia, xxvii, 225, MS.). In
1771 Goy. Barrios reported them as still
near the Hainai (Informe, 2,.MS8.). It
seems probable that a considerable part
of the Nacogdoche tribe was absorbed in
the general population at Nacogdoches
after the settlement of the Spaniards in
1779, for census reports thereafter show a
large number of Indiansand mixed-bloods
at that place. After this time the rem-
nant of the tribe seems sometimes to ap-
pearas Nacogdochitos. Morfi, about 1781,
located this tribe on the Attoyac. In
1809 Davenport, writing from Nacog-
doches, did not name the Nacogdoches in
the list of surrounding tribes, but placed
the Nacogdochitos on the Angelina, 5
leagues n. of Nacogdoches (Noticia, Ar-
chivo General, Proy. Intern., 201, MS.).
A Spanish map made between 1795 and
1819 shows the ‘‘ Nacodoehes’’ above
where Davenport put the ‘‘ Nocogdochi-
tos,’’ i. e., on the rE. side of the Angelina
about halfway between Nacogdoches and
Sabine r. (MS. Mapa Geogrifica de las
Provincias Septentrionales de esta Nueva
Espafia).
In habit, ceremony, and social organi-
zation the Nacogdoche resembled the
other tribes of the Hasinai confederacy.
(H. E. B.)
Nacado-cheets.—Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, I, 239,
1851. Nachodoches.—French, Hist. Coll. La., 111,
47,1851. Nacocodochy.—La Harpe (1716)in Margry,
Déc., VI, 193, 1886. Nacocqdosez.—Jallot (ca. 1720)
in Margry, ibid., 233. Nacodissy.—Joutel (1687),
ibid., 111, 410, 1878. Nacodocheets—Latham in
Trans. Philol. Soe. Lond., 104, 1856. Nacodoches.—
Rivera, Diario, leg. 2140, 2602, 1736. Nacodo-
chitos.—Bul. Soc. Geogr. Mex., 504, 1869. Nacog-
doches.—Pénicaut (1714) in French, Hist. Coll.
La., I, 121, 1869. Nacogdochet.—Drake, Bk. Inds.,
vi, 1848. Nadacogdoches.—Meziéres (1778) quoted
by Bancroft, No. Mex. States, I, 661, 1886. Nag-
codoches.—Tex. State Archives, 1793. Nagodoches.—
La Harpe (1718) in Margry, Déc., VI, 248, 1886.
Nagogdoches.+-Sibley, Hist. Sketches, 67, 1806.
& NACONO—NADOWA
Nakodotch.—Gatschet. Caddo and Yatassi MS.,
B. A. E., 65,1884. Nakodo’tche.—Ibid., 42. Nako-
hodotse. ~_Dorsey, Caddo MS., B. A. E. 1882. Naki-
dotche.—Gatschet, Caddo MS., BA: E., 1884.
Nakuhédotch. —Gatschet, Creek "Migr. Leg., I, 43,
1884. Nasahossez.—De VIsle, map (ca. 1701) in
Winsor, Hist. Am., I, 294, 1886. Naugdoches.—
Yoakum, Hist. Texas, I, map, 1855. Nazada-
chotzi.—Jesus Maria (1691), Relacion, 108, MS.
Nocodoch.—Linarés (1716) in Margry, Dée., v1,
217, 1886.
Nacono, One of the tribes of the
Hasinai, or southern Caddo, confederacy.
In 1691 Francisco de Jesus -Marfa ( Rela-
cidn, 108, MS.) located it s. &. of the
Neche and Nabedache tribes. In 1721 the
Indians of ‘‘el Macono,”’ evidently the
same, lived 5 leagues from the Neche
tribe. In 1716 San Francisco de los
Texas mission was founded near the
Neche and Nacachau villages to minister
to these two tribes and to the Nabedache
and Nacono ( Hidalgo, letter, Oct. 6, 1716,
MS., Archivo General). Espinosa, who
was present at the founding of San Jo-
seph de los Nasones misson, said that it
was composed of Nasoniand Nacono, but
the latter were more likely the Nadaco
(Anadarko). In 1721 Aguayo was visited
on the Neches r. by 100 Indians from
el Macono, who were still regarded as
belonging to San Francisco mission.
Pefia, in his diary of this expedition,
makes the interesting statement that
‘‘their chief, who is also chief priest to
their idols, is blind. It is presumed that
after having been chief many years, he
put out his eyes, according to a custom
of the Indians, in order to become chief
priest among them’”’
Nueva Espafia, xxvii, 35, MS.). Astheir
name disappears thereafter, unless they
were the Nacomones of Rivera’s list
(1727), they were, apparently, like nu-
merous other Texan tribes, absorbed by
their stronger neighbors. (H. E. B.)
Macono,—Pena, op. cit., 1721. Nacomones,—Rivera
(1727), Diario, leg. 2602, 1786 (identical?). Na-
cono,—Francisco de Jesus Maria, 1691, op. cit.
Nacori. A former Opata pueblo and
seat of a Spanish mission founded in 1645;
situated on Rio Viejo, an 5. tributary of
the upper Yaqui, lat. 29° 30’, lon. 109°,
E. Sonora, Mexico. Pop. 450in 1678; 281
in 1730. The town has suffered greatly
from Apache depredations, the last attack
being made in 1883. The pueblo num-
bered 339 persons in 1900, of whom afew
were Yaqui or Pima, the remainder be-
ing classed as Spaniards.
Guadalupe Nacori.—Rivera (1730) quoted by ae
croft, No. Mex. States, 1, 514, 1884. Nacori.—Orozco
y Berra, Geog., 343, 1864. Nacori Grande.—Davyila,
Sonora ‘Histérico, 317, 1894. Sta Maria Nacori.—
Zapata (1678) quoted by Bancroft, op. cit., 246.
Nacori. A former Eudeve pueblo and
seat of a Spanish mission founded in 1629;
situated on the headwaters of Rio Matape,
lat. 29°, lon. 110°, Sonora, Mexico. Pop.
394 in 1678, and but 25 in 1730. It is
now a civilized settlement, known as
(Diario, Mem. de-
{B. A. B.
Nacori Chico, and contained 337 inhab-
itants in 1900.
Nacar.—Kino, map (1702) in Stécklein, Neue
Welt-Bott, 74,1726. Nacori.—Rivera (1730) ‘quoted
by Bancroft, No. Mex. States, I, 518,1884. Sta Cruz
(Nacori). —Zapata (1678), ibid. 246.
Nacosari. A former Opata pueblo, sit-
uated in n. E. Sonora, Mexico, on Rio
Moctezuma, one of the n. tributaries of
Yaqui r., lat. 30° 20’, lon. 109° 25’. Tt.
is now a civilized settlement and con-
tained 978 inhabitants in 1900.
Nacosuras.—Ribas (1645) quoted by Bandelier in
Arch. Inst. Papers, 111, 58, 1890 (name applied to
the inhabitants). Real ‘de %Nacosari.—Orozco y
Berra, Geog., 348, 1864.
Nacotchtank. A tribeorband, probably
of the Conoy, formerly living on the Ana-
costia branch of the Potomac, ‘about Wash-
ington, D. C. Their principal village, of
the same name, was near the present
Anacostia (a corruption of the name of
the tribe), in 1608. Smith seems to make
them of Algonquian stock, but Shea says
they were probably Iroquoian. The Con-
estoga were their enemies.
Anacostan.—White, Relatio Itineris (1642), 85, 1874
(form used by the Jesuits). Nacochtant.—Bozman,
Md., 1, 119, 1837. Nacostines.—Ibid. Nacotch-
tanks.—Smith (1629), Va., 11, 78, repr. 1819.
Naotchtant.—Simons in Smith, ibid., 1, 177.
Necosts.—Smith, ibid., 11, 87. Nocotchtanke.—
Ibid., 1, 118.
Nadamin, A tribe or settlement men-
tioned by Joutel. in 1687 (Margry, Déc.,
m1, 410, 1878) as an ally of the Hasinai
(Caddo). They probably lived at that
time in Nn. E. Texas, near Red r.
Naden-hadai (Né’dan xda/da-i, ‘Naden
river people’). A subdivision of the
Koetas, a family of the Raven clan of the
Haida. Unlike the rest of the family this
subdivision remained on Queen Charlotte
ids. and settled on Naden r.—Swanton,
Cont. Haida, 272, 1905.
Nadohotzosn (‘ point of the mountain’).
A band of the Chiricahua Apache (Bourke
in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 1m, 115, 1890),
essentially the same as the Natootzuzn of
the White Mountain Apache and the Na-
gosugn of the Pinal Coyoteros.
Nadowa. A name, expressing utter de-
testation, applied by various Algonquian
tribes to a number of their neighboring
and most inveterate enemies. Its use
was not limited to the tribes of a single
linguistic stock, the historical references
showing that it was applied in some in-
stances, in a modified form, to Eskimo,
Siouan, and lroquoian peoples. For syn-
onyms see Eskimo, Dakota, Iroquois, Iowa,
Teton, and N oltoway.
The etymology of the term is in doubt.
The analysis proposed by Gerard (Am.
Anthrop., vi, 319, 326, 1904), namely,
‘he goes to seek flesh to eat,’ while
grammatically permissible, is historically
improbable, being too general. In wn.
United States the original application
of the word appears to have been to vari-
BULL. 30]
ous small, dark-colored poisonous rattle-
snakes, inhabiting the lake and prairie
regions, such as the Crotalophorus ter-
geminus (Sistrurus catenatus), and pos-
sibly to C. kirtlandi, the black massasauga.
Cuog gives as the meaning of the term
natowe, a ‘“‘kind of large serpent formerly
quite common in the neighborhood of
Michillimakina, i. e., Mackinac, the flesh
of which the Indians ate; the Algonkin
and all nations of the Algonquian tongue
give this name to the Iroquois and totribes
of the Iroquoian stock.’? The Menominee
(Hoffman) apply the term to the mas-
sasauga rattlesnake, and the Chippewa
(Tanner) to a ‘‘thick, short rattlesnake.”’
In Tanner’s list of Ottawa tribal names
are found Nautowaig, Naudoways, ‘rattle-
snakes,’ and Matchenawtoways, ‘bad Nau-
doways,’ and in a footnote to the avord
Anego, ‘ant,’ it is stated that these same
Naudoway Indians relate a fable of an
old man and an old woman to the effect
that these two watched an ant-hill until
the ants therein became transformed into
white men, and the eggs which these ants
were carrying in their mouths were trans-
_ formed into bales of merchandise. But
in none of these references are the people
so named thereby defined in such manner
that without other information they may
be recognized by other nomenclature.
The word ‘‘Sioux”’ is itself an abbrevi-
ation of the diminutive of this term,
namely, Nadowe-is-iw, literally ‘he is a
small massasauga rattlesnake,’ the sense-
giving part of the word being dropped,
but signifying ‘enemy,’ ‘enemies.’ This
diminutive form, with the qualifying
epithet Mascoutens, was a name of the
Iowa and the Teton. In Virginia the
term, which became Anglicized into
“Nottoway,’’ was applied to an Iroquoian
tribe resident there. In this locality it
is probable that the name was applied
originally to the rattlesnake common to
this eastern region. (a2 eB E)
Naenshya (Naé/nsx'a, ‘dirty teeth’).
The name of two Kwakiutl gentes, one
belonging to the Koskimo, the other to
the Nakomgilisala.—Boas in Nat. Mus.
Rep. 1895, 329, 1897.
Na-gan-nab. See Nagonub.
Nageuktormiut (‘horn people’). A
tribe of Eskimo who summer at the
mouth of Coppermine r. and winter on
Richardson r., Mackenzie Ter., Canada.
Deer-Horn Esquimaux.—Franklin, Journ. to Polar
Sea, 11, 178, 1824. Na-gée-uk-tor-mé-ut.—Richard-
son, Arct. Exped.,1,362,1851. Naggiuktop-méut.—
Petitot in Bib. Ling. et Ethnog. Am., III, xi, 1876.
Naggoe-ook-tor-me-oot.—Richardson in Franklin,
Second Exped.,174,1828. Nappa-arktok-towock.—
Franklin, Journ. to Polar Sea, II, 178, 1824.
Nagokaydn (‘pass in the mountains’).
A band of the Pinal Coyoteros at San Car-
los agency, Ariz., in 1881.—Bourke in
Jour. Am. Folk-lore, m1, 112, 1890.
NAENSHY A—NAGUONABE 9
Nagonabe ( Nagiinabii). A former Chip-
pewa village in lower Michigan(Smith in
Ind. Aff. Rep., 53,1851). A chief of this
name represented a band on ‘‘South
Monistic”’ r.in 1835 (-Mich. Pion. Coll. , x11,
622;1888). Seealso Nagonub, Naguonabe.
Nagonub (Niganibi, or Nigantib, ‘the
foremost sitter’). A Chippewa Indian,
born about 1815, and first mentioned as
attracting the attention of Gen. Lewis
Cass by his sprightliness while but a
mere lad. So well pleased was Cass that
he gave Nagonub a medal and a written
token of bis precocity. He attained no-
toriety through his spirited and often
fiery oratory, and his unusually cour-
teous manners won for him the decla-
ration that he was the ‘‘beau ideal of
an Indian chief’? (Morse in Wis. Hist.
Soc. Coll., m1, 349, 1857). Nagonub is
said also to have been an especial favorite
with the white ladies, whom he greeted
with the ease and grace of acourtier. He
signed as first chief of the Fond du Lac
Chippewa the treaties of La Pointe, Wis.,
Oct. 4, 1842, and Sept. 30, 1854. His
portrait, painted by J. O. Lewis and
copied by King in 1827, hung in the In-
dian Gallery of the Smithsonian build-
ing at Washington, but was destroyed by
fire in 1865. His name is also written
Naa-gar-nep, Na-gan-nab, and Naw-gaw-
nub. (eo a0)
Nagosugn. A band of the Pinal Coyo-
teros found in 1881 by Bourke (Jour. Am.
Folk-lore, m1, 112, 1890) at San Carlos
agency, Ariz.; correlated with the
Natootzuzn of the White Mountain
Apache, and with the Nadohotzosn of
the Chiricahua.
Naguatex. A town and province w. of
the Mississippi, visited by Moscoso, of
De Soto’s army, in 1542. Located by
Lewis (Narr. De Soto, 238, 1907) on the
w. side of Washita r., in the present
Clark co., Ark. The tribe was evidently
Caddoan.
Nagateux.—Harris, Voy. and Tray., 1, 810, 1705.
Naguatex.—Gentl. of Elvas (1557) in French, Hist.
Coll. La., 11, 196, 1850. Naguatez.—Barton, New
Views, app., 9, 1798.
Naguchee (Nagwitsi’). A former im-
portant Cherokee settlement about the
junction of Soquee and Sautee rs., in Na-
coochee valley, at the head of Chatta-
hoochee r., in. Habersham co., Ga. The
meaning of the word is lost, and it is
doubtful if it be of Cherokee origin. It
may have some connection with the name
of the Yuchi Indians.—Mooney in 19th
Rep. B. A. E., 526, 1900.
Cauchi.—Pardo (ca. 1598) quoted by Mooney, op.
cit., 28 (probably identical). Nacoothee.—Com-
monmapform. Nae oche.—Bartram, Travels, 372,
1792. Noccocsee.—Royce in 5th Rep. B. A. E.,
map, 1887.
Naguonabe (‘feather end,’ according to
Warren, evidently referring to a feather
at the end of a row of others). The civil
10
chief of the Mille Lac Chippewa of Min-
nesota in the first half of the 19th cen-
tury, and the principal man of the Wolf
clan. He was descended from a Chip-
pewa woman and a Dakota chief. In
behalf of his tribe he signed the general
treaty of Prairie du Chien, Wis., Aug.
19, 1825, and the treaty between the
Chippewa and the United States made
at Fond du Lac, Wis., Aug. 6, 1826. His
name is also written Nauquanabee and
Nagwunabee.
Nagus ( Nd/gas, ‘town inhabited’). A
town of the Hagi-lanas family of the
Haida on an inlet on the s. w. coast of
Moresby id., Queen Charlotte ids., Brit.
Col.—Swanton, Cont. Haida, 277, 1905.
Nagwunabee. See Naguonabe.
Nahaego. A Shoshonean division for-
merly living in Reese r. valley and about
Austin in central Nevada. There were
several bands, numbering 530 in 1873.
Na-haé-go.— Powell in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1873, 52, 1874.
Reese River Indians.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
June 26, 1863. Tutoi band.—Ibid. (named from
Tutoi or Toténa, their chief).
Nahane (‘people of the west.’—A. F.
C.). An Athapascan division occupy-
ing the region of British Columbia and
Yukon Ter. between the Coast range
and the Rocky mts., from the ny. border
of the Sekani, about 57° n., to that of the
Kutchin tribes, about 65° n. It com-
prises the Tahltan and Takutine tribes
forming the Tahltan division, the Titsho-
tina and Etagottine tribes forming the
Kaska division, and the Esbataottine and
Abbatotine (considered by Petitot to be
the same tribe), Sazeutina, Ettchaottine,
Etagottine, Kraylongottine, Klokegot-
tine, and perhaps Lakuyip and Tsetsaut.
They correspond with Petitot’s Monta-
enard group, except that he included also
the Sekani. The language of the Nahane
however constitutes a dialect by itself, en-
tirely distinct from Sekani, Carrier, or Ku-
tchin. The western divisions have been
powerfully influenced by their Tlingit
neighbors of Wrangell, and have adopted
their clan organization with maternal
descent, the potlatch customs of the coast
tribes, and many words and expressions
of their language. The two principal so-
cial divisions or phratries are called Raven
and Wolf, and the fact that Sazeutina and
Titshotina seem to signify ‘Bear people’
and ‘Grouse people’ respectively, leads
Morice to suspect that these groups are
really phratries or clans. The eastern
Nahane have a loose paternal organization
like the Sekani and other Athapascan
tribes farther £. According to Morice
the Nahane have suffered very heavily
as a result of white contact. He estimates
theentire populationat about 1,000. Con-
sult Morice in Trans. Can. Inst., vit, 517-
534, 1904. See Tuhltan. (3. RsSs)
Déne des Montagnes-Rocheuses.—Petitot, Dict.
Déné Dindjié, xx, 1876. Kunana,—McKay in 10th
NAGUS—NAHCHE
[B. A.B.
Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 88, 1895 (Tlingit name).
Montagnais.—Petitot, Autour du lac des Esclayves,
362,1891. Naa’/-anee.—Petitot quoted by Dall in
Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 1, 32, 1877. Na-ai’.—Dawson
in Geol. Sury. Can. 1887-8, 201B, 1889. Na‘ane,—
Morice, Notes on W. Dénés, 19, 1893. Na-ane-
ottiné.—Petitot, MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1865. Na’
an-ne,—Petitot in Bull. Soe. de Géog. Paris, chart,
1875. Na’ annés.—Petitot, Dict. Déné-Dindjié,
xx, 1876. Nah‘ane.—Morice in Trans. Can.
Inst., VII, 517, 1904. Nahanés.-—Morice in Proc.
Can. Inst., 112, 1889. Nah’-anés téné.—Morice, let-
ter, 1890. Nahanies.—Dunn, Hist. Oregon, 79, 1844.
Nahanis.—Duflot de Mofras, Explor. del’Oregon,
TI, 183,1844. Nahan-’né.—Petitot, Autour du lac
lac des Esclaves, 362, 1891. Nahannie.—Hind, Lab-
radorPenin., II, 261, 1863. Nahaunies.—Hardistyin
Smithson. Rep. 1866, 311, 1872. Nah-aw’/-ny.—Ross,
MS. notes on Tinne, B. A. E. Napi-an-ottiné.—
Petitot, MS. voeab., B. A. E., 1865. Nathannas,—
Mackenzie cited by Morice in Trans. Can. Inst.,
vul, 517, 1904. Nehanes.—Bancroft, Nat. Races,
I, map, 1882. Nehanies.—Anderson (1858) in Hind,
Labrador Penin., II, 260, 1868. Nehannee.—
Bancroft, Nat. Races, I, 149, 1882. Nehannes,—
Tbid., 125, 1874. Nehanni.—Latham in Trans.
Philol. Soe. Lond., 69, 1856. Nehaunay.—Ross,
Nehaunay MS. vocab., B. A. E. Nehaunees,—
Dall, Alaska, 429,1870. Nohannaies.—Balbi, Atlas
Ethnog., 821, 1826. Nohannies.—Gallatin in Trans.
Am. Antiq. Soc., 11,19, 1836. Nohannis,—Prichard,
Phys. Hist., v, 377, 1847. Nohhané,—Richard-
son, Arct. Exped., I, 179, 1851. Nohhannies,—
Franklin, Journ. Polar Sea, 1, 87, 1824. Rocky
Mountain Indian.—Mackenzie, Voy., 163, 1801.
Nahankhuotane. A part of the Umpqua
living on Cow cr., Oreg., and commonly
known as Cow Creeks. By treaty of Sept.
19, 1853, they ceded their lands in s. w.
Oregon. They were associated with the
Tututni and were among those who op-
posed the uprising in 1856. They were
settled on Grande Ronde res., where 23
were still living in 1906. :
Ci/-sta-qwit ni/-li t’gat’ yanné.—Dorsey in Jour.
Am. Folk-lore, 1, 234, 1890 (‘people far from
Rogue r.’: Naltunnetunne name). Cow Creek
band of Indians.—U. S. Ind. Treaties, 974, 1873. Cow
Creeks.—Palmer in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1856, 214, 1857.
Cow Creek Umpquahs. —Ibid.,219. Nahanxudtane.—
Gatschet, Umpqua MS. vocab. B. A. E., 1877 (Ump-
qua name). Sé/-qwiait yinné.—Dorsey, Coquille
MS. voeab., B. A. E., 1884 (Mishikhwutmetunne
name. ) .
Nahapassumkeck. A Massachuset vil-
lage, in 1616, in the N. part of Plymouth
co., Mass., probably on the coast.—Smith
(1616) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 3d s., v1,
108, 1837.
Nahawas-hadai (Na wzawa’s xd/da-i,
‘watery-house people’). A subdivision
of the Salendas, a family of the Eagle clan
of the Haida. They used to give away
so much grease at their feasts that the
floor of their house was said to be ‘‘mud-
dy’’ with it, hence the name.—Swanton,
Cont. Haida, 276, 1905.
Nahche (Na-ai-che, ‘mischievous,’
‘meddlesome.’—George Wrattan). An
Apache warrior, a member of the Chi-
ricahua band. He is the second son of
the celebrated Cochise, and as hereditary
chief succeeded his elder brother, Tazi,
on the death of the latter. His mother
was a daughter of the notorious Mangas
Coloradas. Asa child Nahche was med-
dlesomeand mischievous, hence his name.
He was the leading spirit in the many
raids that almost desolated the smaller
BULL. 30]
settlements of Arizona and New Mexico
and of northern Chihuahuaand Sonora be-
tween 1881 and 1886, for which Geronimo,
a medicine-man and malcontent rather
than a warrior, received the chief credit.
In the latter year Geronimo’s band, so
called, of which Nahche was actually the
chief, was captured by General Miles and
taken as prisoners of war successively to
Florida, Alabama, and finaily to Ft Sill,
Okla., where Nahche still resides, re-
spected by his own people as well as by
the whites. He is now (1907) about 49
years of age. In his prime as a warrior
he was described as supple and graceful,
with long, flexible hands, and a rather
handsome face. His present height is
dft.10}in. Col. H. L. Scott (inf’n, 1907),
NAHCHE
for four years in charge of the Chiricahua
prisoners in Oklahoma, speaks of Nahche
as a most forceful and reliable man, faith-
fulfy performing the- duties assigned to
him as a prisoner, whether watched or
not. He was proud and self-respecting,
and was regarded by the Chiricahua at
Ft Sill as their leader. In recent years,
however, he has lost his old-time influ-
ence as well as some of his trustworthi-
ness (inf’n from Geo. Wrattan, official
interpreter, 1907).
Nahelta (Na-hel-ta). A subdivision of
the Chasta (q. vy.) tribe of Oregon.—Sen.
Ex. Doc. 48, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 10, 1873.
Nahltushkan (‘town on outside of
point’). A former Tlingit town on
Whitewater bay, w. coast of Admiralty
id., Alaska, belonging to the Hutsnuwu
NAHELTA—NAIDENI
11
people. Pop. 246 in 1880, butsubsequently
abandoned for Killisnoo.
Naitu’ck-an.—Swanton, field notes, B. A. E., 1904.
Neltu/schk’-an.—Krause, Tlinkit Ind., 118, 1885.
Scutskon.—Petroff in Tenth Census, Alaska, 32,
Nahpooitle. The chief village of the
Cathlapotle tribe of the Chinookan fam-
ily at the mouth of Lewis r., Clarke co.,
Wash.—Lyman in Oreg. Hist. Soc. Quar.,
I, 322, 1900.
Nahpope ( Népop4, ‘soup’ ). A prominent
warrior of Black Hawk’s band of Sauk
and Foxes in the Black Hawk war of 1832.
According to Whittlesey ( Wis. Hist. Coll.,
I, 71-2, 84, repr. 1903) Black Hawk was
opposed to the war, but was overruled by
the young men, who were sustained by
Nahpope, who manifested intense hatred
of the Americans. He was, however,
largely influenced by Waupeshek, the so-
called Prophet. Little has been recorded
regarding his life. It is known that he
took an active part in the Black Hawk
war, and special mention is made of his
command in the battle of Wisconsin
heights, on Wisconsin r., near the pres-
ent Sauk City, Wis. Here Nahpope’s
band, reenforced by a score of Black
Hawk’s warriors, made a valiant stand
to cover the flight of the main body of
his people down the bluffs and across the
river, which was accomplished with slight
loss. During the night following the bat-
tle the Americans were for a time in a
panic, caused by the noise in the Indian
camp, which proved to have been only
the applause of a speech by Nahpope in
which he endeavored to arouse the Win-
nebago to remain with them in the con-
test. Nahpope continued in the war to
its close, was captured and imprisoned
with Black Hawk and his son, and finally
released with them. While Nahpope was
confined at Jefferson Barracks, Catlin
painted his portrait. As his name is not
appended to any treaty made by the Sauk
and Foxes with the United States, the
omission may be attributed to his con-
temptfor the Americans. In thesummer
preceding the Black Hawk war he visited
the English authorities at Ft Malden, On-
tario, to consult them in regard to the
rights of the Indians to theirlands. After
his release from prison nothing more is
heard of him. His name is also written
Naapope and Neapope. (Gran)
Nahu (Na/-hii). The Medicine clan of
the Honani (Badger) phratry of the
Hopi.—Stephen in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 39,
1891.
Nahuey. Natches.—Gallatin in Trans. and Coll. Am.
Antiq. Soc., II, 95, 306, 1886 (Natches only); Prich-
ard, Phys. Hist. Mankind, v, 402, 403, 1847. >Nat-
sches.—Berghaus (1845), Physik, Atlas, map 17,
1848; ibid., 1852. >Natchez.—Bancroft, Hist. U.S.,
248, 1840; Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc., 0,
pt. 1, xcix, 77, 1848 (Natchez only); Latham, Nat.
Hist. Man., 340, 1850 (tends to iene Taensas,
Pascagoulas, Colapissas, and Biluxi in same
family); Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 1,
401, 1853 (Natchez only); Keane in Stanford’s
Compend., Cent. and So. Am., app., 460, 473, 1878
(suggests that it may include the Utchees).
>Naktche.—Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., I, 34,
1884; Gatschet in Science, 414, Apr. 29, 1887.
>Taensa.—Gatschet in The Nation, 382, May 4,
1882; Gatschet in Am. Antiq., IV, 238, 1882; Gat-
schet, Creek Migr. Leg., I, 33, 1884; Gatschet in
Science, 414, Apr. 29, 1887 (‘Taensas only).
Natchez. A well-known tribe that for-
merly lived on and about St Cathe-
rine’s cr., E. and s. of the present city of
Natchez, Miss. The name, belonging to
a single town, was extended to the tribe
and entire group of towns, which in-
cluded also peoples of alien blood who
had been conquered by the Natchez or
had taken refuge with them. Iberville,
on his ascent of the Mississippi in 1699,
names, in the Choctaw language, the fol-
lowing 8 towns, exclusive of Natchez
proper: Achougoulas, Cogoucoula, Ousa-
goucoula, Pochougoula, Thoucoue, Tou-
goulas, Yatanocas, and Ymacachas. Of
these, "Tougoulas and perhaps Thoucoue
are the Tioux (q.v.) towns. It is pro-
bably safe to infer that the 9 towns, in-
cluding Natchez, represented the entire
group, andthat the Corn, Gray, Jenezen-
aque, White Apple, and White Earth
villages areonly other names for some of
the above, with which it is now impos-
sible to identify them. The Tioux and
Grigras were two nations under the pro-
tection of the Natchez; both were of alien
blood. Du Pratz alludes to a tradition
that the Taensa and Chitimacha were
formerly united with the Natchez, but
left them, though the latter had al-
ways recognized them as brothers. The
Taensa were, indeed, probably an offshoot
of the Natchez, but the Chitimacha were
of a distinct linguistic family.
It is difficult to form an estimate of the
numerical strength of this tribe, as the
figures given vary widely. It is probable
that in 1682, when first visited by the
French, they numbered about 6,000, and
were able to put from 1,000 to 1, 200 war-
riors in the field.
36
The Natchez engaged in three wars
with the French, in 1716, 1722, and 1729.
The last, which proved fatal to their
nation, was caused by the attempt of the
French governor, Chopart, to occupy
the site of their principal village as a
plantation, and it opened with a general
massacre of the French at Fort Rosalie,
established in 1716. The French, in re-
taliation, attacked the Natchez villages
with a strong force of Choctaw allies, and
in 1730 the Natchez abandoned their vil-
lages, separating into three bodies. A
small section remained not far from their
former home, and a second body fled to
Sicily id., near Washita r., where they
were attacked early in 1731 by the French,
many of them killed, and about 450 cap-
tured and sold into slavery in Santo Do-
mingo. The third and most numerous
division was received by the Chickasaw
and built a village near them in n. Mis-
sissippi, called by Adair, Nanne Hamgeh;
in 1735 these refugees numbered 180 war-
riors, or a total of about 700. In the year
last named a body of Natchez refugees
settled in South Carolina by permission of
the colonial government, but some years
later moved up to the Cherokee country,
where they still kept their distinct town
and language up to about the year 1800.
The principal body of refugees, however,
had settled on Tallahassee er., an affluent
of Coosa r. Hawkins in 1799 estimated
their gun-men at about 50. They occu-
pied the whole of one town called Natchez
and partof Abikudshi. The Natchez were
thereforenotexterminated bythe French,
as has frequently been stated, but aftersuf-
feringseverelossestheremainder scattered
far and wide among alien tribes. A few
survivors, who speak their own language,
still exist in Indian Ter., living with the
Cherokee, and in thecouncils of the Creeks
until recently had one representative.
Though the accounts of the Natchez
that have come down to us appear to be
highly colored, it is evident that this
tribe, and doubtless others on the lower
Mississippi, occupied a somewhat anom-
alous position among the Indians. They
seem to have been a strictly seden-
tary people, depending for their live-
lihood chiefly upon agriculture. They
had developed considerable skill in the
arts, and wove a textile fabric from
the inner bark of the mulberry which
they employed for clothing. They made
excellent pottery and raised mounds of
earth upon which to erect their dwell-
ings and temples. They were also one
of the eastern tribes that practised head-
flattening. In the main the Natchez ap-
pear to have been peaceable, though like
other tribes they were involved in fre-
quent quarrels with their neighbors. Al]
accounts agree in attributing to them an
NATCHEZ
LB. A. B.
extreme form of sun worship and a highly
developed ritual. Moreover, the position
and function of chief among them dif-
ered markedly from that among other
tribes, as their head chief seems to have
had absolute power over the property and
lives of his subjects. On his death his
Wives were expected to surrender their
lives, and parents offered their children
as sacrifices. The nation was divided
into two exogamic classes, nobility and
commoners or michmichgupi, the former
being again divided into suns, nobles
proper, and esteemed men. Children of
women of these three had the rank of their
mother, but children of common women
fell one grade below that of their father.
There were various ways, however, by
which a man could raise himself from
one grade to another at least as far as the
middle grade of nobles. While the com-
moners consisted partially of subject
tribes, the great majority appear to have
been as pure Natchez as the nobility.
In spite of great lexical divergence, there
is little doubt that the Natchez language
is a Muskhogean dialect.
Consult Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., 1,
1884; Mooney, (1) Siouan Tribes of the
Fast, Bull. B. A. E., 1894, (2) in Am.
Anthrop.,n. s., 1, no. 3, 1899, (3) in 19th
Rep. B. A. E., 1900, and the authorities
cited below. For the archeology of the
old Natchez country, see Bull. Free Mus.
Univ. Pa., 11, no. 3, Jan. 1900.
(8. Wi. oe
Ani’-Na‘tsi.—Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 509,
1900 (Cherokee name, abbreviated Anintsi; sing.
A-Na‘tst). Chelouels.—Iberville (1699) in Margry,
Dée., Iv, 269, 1880. Innatchas.—Doe. ca. 1721,
ibid., v1, 280, 1886. Nacha.—Iberville, op. cit.,
255. Nachee.—Adair, Am. Inds., 225, 1775. Na-
chés.—Tonti (1686) in Margry, Déc., 111, 556, 1878.
Nachez.—Schermerhorn (1812) in Mass. Hist.
Soe. Coll., 2d s., 11,18, 1814. Nachis.—Barcia,
Ensayo, 246, 1723. Nachvlke.—Brinton in Am,
Philos. Soe. Proc., X11I, 488, 1878. Nachy.—Tonti
(i684) in Margry, Déc., 1, 609, 1875, Nadchés.—
Iberville (1700), ibid., Tv, 404, 1880. Nadeches.—
Tbid., 602. Nadezés.—Ibid., 402. Nahchee.—
Adair, Am. Inds., 353, 1775. Nahy.—Tonti (1684)
in Margry, Déc., I, 603, 1875. Naichoas.—Mc-
Kenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, tl, 81, 1854
(possibly identical). Naktche.—Gatschet, Creek
Migr. Leg., I, 34,1884. Natche.—LaSalle (1682) in
Margry, Déc., 1,558, 1875. Natchee.—S. C. Gazette
(1784) quoted by Rivers, Hist. 8. Car., 38, 1856.
Natches.—Proces verbal (1682) in French, Hist.
Coll. La., 1, 47,1846. Natchese.—Hervas, Idea dell’
Universo, Xvil, 90, 1784. Natchets.—Bacqueville
de la Potherie, Hist. de ’Am., I, 239, 17538.
Natchez. —Pénicaut (1700) in French, Hist. Coll.
La., n.s.,1, 57,1869. Nattechez.—Bartram, Voy., I,
map, 1799. Nauchee.—Hawkins (1799), Creek
Country, 42, 1848. Netches.—Woodward, Rem., 79,
1859. Nitches.—Ibid.,16. Noatches.—Domenech,
Deserts N. Am., I, 442, 1860. Notchees.—Doc. of
1751 quoted by Gregg, Hist. Old Cherawsyl0, 1867.
Notches.—Glen (1751) quoted by Gregg, ibid., 14.
Pine Indians.—Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 509,
1900 (given asincorrect rendering of Ani’-Na’ tsi,
op. cit.). Sunset Indians.—Swan (1795) in School-
eraft, Ind. Tribes, Vv, 260, 1855. Techloel.—Iberville
(1699) in Margry, Déc., Iv, 155, 1880. Telhoel.—
Tbid., 121. Theloél.—Ibid., 179. Theloelles,—Ibid.,
409. Tpelois.—Iberville (1700) in French, Hist,
Coll. La., n. s., 26, 1869,
BULL. 30] NATCHEZ
Natchez. The principal village of the
Natchez, probably situated on St Cath-
erine’s cr., near the Liberty road bridge,
about 3m. from the present city of Natchez,
Miss. Later this name was given to a
town of the refugee Natchez among the
Upper Creeks.
Natchitoch (Caddo form, MNéishi/tosh).
A tribe of the Caddo confederacy which
spoke a dialect similar to that of the Ya-
tasi but different from that of the Kado-
hadacho and its closely affiliated tribes.
Their villages were in the neighborhood
of the present city of Natchitoches, near
those of another tribe called Doustioni
(q. v.). Whether the army of De Soto
encountered them is unknown, but after
La Salle’s tragic death among the Hasinai
his companions traversed their country,
and Douay speaks of them as a *‘ power-
ful nation.”” In 1690 Tonti reached them
from the Mississippi and made an alli-
ance; and in 1699 Iberville learned of
them through a Taensa Indian, but did
not visit them in person. Next year,
however, he sent is brother Bienville
across to them from the Taensa villages.
From that time and throughout the
many vicissitudes of the 18th century the
tribe never broke faith with the French.
In 1705 they came to St Denis, comman-
dant of the first French fort on the Missis-
sippi, and asked to besettled in some place
where they might obtain provisions, as
their corn had been ruined. They were
placed near the Acolapissa, and remained
there until 1712 when St Denis took them
back to their old country to assist him in
establishing a new post as a protection
against Spanish encroachments, and also
in the hope of opening up commercial re-
lations. This post, to which a garrison was
added in 1714, remained an important
center for trade and travel toward the 8.
W.formorethanacentury. StDenissent
messages to the tribes living in the vicin-
ity, urging them to abandon their villages
and come to settle near the post, assuring
them that he would never forsake them.
Some of the tribes yielded to his persua.
sions, hoping to find safety during the
disturbances of the period, but the move-
ment only accelerated the disintegration
already begun. In 1731, St Denis, at the
head of the Natchitoch and other In-
dians, besides a few Spaniards, inflicted
severe defeat on a strong party of Natchez
under the Flour chief, killing about 80 of
them. The Natchez, after their wars
against the French, had fled to Red r. and
were living not far from the trading post
and fort. The importance of this estab-
lishmentand the friendliness of the Natch-
itoch made the latter so conspicuous in the
affairs of the time that during the first
half of the 18th century Red r. was known
as the Natchitock, a variant of Nashitosh
NATEEKIN
37
or Natchitoch. Du Pratzstatesthatabout
1730 their village near the French post
numbered 200 cabins. Owing to wars in
which they were forced to take part, to
the introduction of new diseases, particu-
larly smallpox and measles, the population
of the tribe rapidly declined. In his re-
port to President Jefferson, in 1805, Sibley
gives their number as only 40, and adds,
‘The French inhabitants have a great
respect for these natives, and a number
of families have a mixture of their blood
inthem.”’ Shortly afterward they ceased
to exist as a distinct tribe, having been
completely amalgamated with the other
tribes of the Caddo confederacy (q. v.),
from whom they differed in no essential
of custom, or of ceremonial or social
organization. (ANGLES TAR Se)
Nagacahoz.—Gentl. of Elvas (1557) in French,
Hist. Coll. La., 11, 199, 1850. Na-cé-doc.—J. O.
Dorsey, Caddo MS., B. A. F., 1881. Nachito-
ches.—Tonti (1690) in French, Hist. Coll. La., 1,
72, 1846. Nachitock.—Coxe, Carolana, 10, 1741.
. Nachitooches.—Kingsley, Stand. Nat. Hist., pt. v1,
173, 1885. Nachitos.—Joutel (1687) in French,
Hist. Coll. La.,1, 168,1846. Nachittoos.—Yoakum,
Hist. Texas, I, -392, 1855. Nachittos.—Ibid.,
386. Nachtichoukas.—Jefferys, French Dom., pt.
I, 164, 1761. Nacitos.—Linarés (1716) in Margry,
Dée., VI, 217,1886. Nactchitoches.—Du Pratz, Hist.
La., I, 242, 1758. Nactythos.—Iberville (1699) in
Margry, Déc., Iv, 178, 1880. Nadchito.—Bienville
(1700), ibid., 434. Nadchitoches.—Ibid., 435.
Nadchitoe.—Iberville (1700), ibid., 409. Nagua-
dacé.—Tex. State Archives, Sept. 16, 1790. Na-
guateeres.—Coxe, Carolana, 10,1741. Naketoe’s,—
ten Kate, Reizen in N.A., 374, 1885. Naketosh,—
Gatschet, Caddo and Yatassi MS., 77, B. A. E.
Nakitoches.—Anduze (after 1825) in Ann, de Prop.
de la Foi, 111, 501-509. Napgitache.—McKenney
and Hall, Ind. Tribes, 11, 82,1854. Napgitoches.—
Coxe, Carolana, map, 1741. Naquitoches.—Belle-
Isle (1721) in Margry, Déc., v1, 341, 1886. Nashé-
dosh.—Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., I, 43, 1884.
Nashi’tosh.—Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 1092,
1896 (proper Caddo form). Nasitti.—Joutel (1687)
in Margry, Déc., 111, 409, 1878. Nassitoches.—
Pénicaut (1705), ibid., v, 459, 1883. Natchetes.—
Hennepin, New Discoy., U1, 43, 1698. Natchi-
dosh.—Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., I, 48, 1884.
Natchiloches.—Domenech, Deserts N. A., I, 442,
1860. Natchites.—Douay (1687) quoted by Shea,
Discov. Miss., 218, 1852. WNatchitoch.—Gravier
(1701) quoted by Shea, Early Voy., 149, 1861.
Natchitoches.—Bienville (1700) in Margry, Dée.,
Iv, 487, 1880. Natchitochis.—Porter (1829) in
Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, 111, 596, 1853. Natchi-
- totches—Lewis and Clark, Journal, 143, 1840.
Natchitto.—Joutel (1687) in Margry, Déce., 111, 409,
1878. Natschitos.—Ibid , 408. Natsitoches,—Jef-
ferys, Am. Atlas, map 5, 1776. Natsshostanno,—
Joutel, op. cit., 409. Natsytos.—Iberville (1699),
ibid., Iv, 178, 1880. Nazacahoz.—Gentl. of Elvas
(1557) quoted by Shea, Early Voy., 149, 1861. Ne-
guadoch.—Giissefeld, Charte von Nord America,
1797. Nepgitoches.—Barcia, Ensayo, 289, 1723.
Notchitoches.—Carver, Travels, map, 1778. Yat-
chitcohes.—Lewis and Clark, Journal, 142, 1840.
Nateekin. An Aleut village on Natee-
kin bay, Unalaska, Aleutian ids., Alaska,
with 15 inhabitants in two houses in
1830.
Nateekenskoi.— Elliott, Cond. Aff. Alaska, 225,
1875. Natieka,—Sarichef (1792) quoted by Baker,
Geog. Dict. Alaska, 296, 1901. Natiekinskoe.—
Veniaminof (1830) quoted by Baker, ibid., 1906.
Natuikinsk.—Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 34,
1884. Natykinskoe.—Veniaminof, Zapiski, 11, 202,
1840. Natykinskoje.—Holmberg, Ethnog. Skizz.,
142, map, 1855.
38
Natesa (from ahzingh, black,’ ‘dark,’
hence ‘dark people’). One of the three
classes or castes into which the Kutcha-
kutchin are divided, the others being the
Chitsa and the Tangesatsa, q. v.
Nah-t’singh.—Hardisty in Smithson. Rep. 1866,
315, 1872 (name of theircountry). Nate-sa.—Kirby,
ibid., 1864, 418, 1865; Hardisty, ibid., 1866, 315,
1872. Nat-sah-i.i_Jones in Smithson. Rep. 1866,
326, 1872. Nat-singh.—Hardisty, op. cit.
Natick (‘the place of (our) search.’—
Tooker). A village founded by Indian
converts, mainly Massachuset, under the
supervision of the noted missionary John
Eliot, in 1650, near the present Natick,
Mass. Soon after its establishment it
numbered about 150 inhabitants, who
were given areserve of 6,000 acres. It
increased in population and after King
Philip’s war was the principal Indian vil-
lage in that region. In 1749 there were
166 Indians connected with the settle-
ment. Onthe breaking out of the French
and Indian war in 1754 many of the Natick
Indiansenlisted against the French. Some
never returned, and the others brought
back an infectious disease which rapidly
reduced the population. In 1764 there
were 37 in the village and some others
connected with it. In 1792 the whole
body numbered but 25 or 30, and soon
thereafter they had become so mixed with
negroes and whites as to be no longer dis-
tinguishable. It was reported in Dec.
1821, that Hannah Dexter, 76 years of
age, ‘‘the last of the Naticks,’’ had been
murdered by her grandson at Natick.
For 2 discussion of the name, consult
Tooker, Algonquian Series, x, 1901. See
Missions. (J. M. )
Mawyk.—Salisbury (1678) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,
XIII, 526, 1881 (misprint). Na-cheek.—Plat of 1677
cited by Tooker, Algonq. Ser., X, 18, 1901. Na-
chick.—Decl. of 1677, ibid. Naitticke.—Salisbury
(1678) ,op.cit.,524. Natick,—Wilson (1651) in Mass.
Hist. Soe. Coil., 83d s., 1v, 177, 18384. Natics.—Bar-
ton, New Views, lviii, 1798. Natik.—Eliot (1651) in
Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll.,3ds.,1V, 172, 1834. Natique.—
Eliot (1678), ibid., 4th s., VIII, 377, 1868. Nattick.—
Brockholst (1678) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., X11,
530, 1881. Natuck.—Ibid., 524. Nittauke.—Perry
quoted by Tooker, Algonq. Ser., X, 9, 1901 (given
as Indian name).
Nation, The. A term formerly applied
to several of the larger and more impor-
tant tribes and confederacies in the Gulf
states, particularly the Creeks, but also to
the Cherokee, Catawba, Choctaw, and
Chickasaw. At present it is an Official
term applied to each of the Five Civilized
Tribes (q. v.) in Oklahoma, viz, the Cher-
okee, Creeks, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and
Seminole. The term Les Nations was
used by Canadian French writers of the
17th and 18th centuries (and occasion-
ally in English writings) to designate the
heathen tribes, who were distinguished
into Les grandes Nations and Les petites
Nations. The Riviére des petites Na-
tions in the province of Quebec preserves
this designation. Specifically Le petit
Nation was the Weskarini, q. v.
(H.W. H. A.F.C.)
NATESA—NATLIATIN
[B. A. B.
National Indian Association. A society
forimproying the condition of the Indians.
It originated in Philadelphia in 1879 with
a memorial circulated by Mary L. Bon-
ney and Amelia Stone Quinton petition-
ing the Government to prevent the
encroachments of white settlers on Indian
territory and to guard the Indians in the
enjoyment of all the rights guaranteed to
them on the faith of the Nation. FB. Gap
Nikikouek (from the Chippewa or a
cognate dialectic term nikig ‘otter’, with
anim. pl. suffix -ouek=‘ otter people’.
Perrot says the form with initial m, Mik-
ikouel, is from their own language; such
is the case in the cognate Menominee
mikig). A littieknown Algonquian tribe
that formerly dwelt 5. of the Missisauga,
among the rock caverns on the n. shore of
L. Huron. They are described as lacking
in courage, and having much to do with
the tribes northward. Twicea year, like
the Missisauga, they deserted their village
to hunt and fish along the lake for stur-
geon and other fish, and there obtained
bark for constructing canoes and lodges.
BULL. 30]
On the approach of winter they fre-
quented the lake shores to kill beaver and
elk, whence they returned in the spring
to plant and tend their corn. In 1653,
jointly with the Saulteurs and the Missi-
sauga, they so completely defeated an
Iroquois war-party of 120 men that but
few escaped. (J. N. B. H.)
Gens de la Loutre.—Perrot (ca. 1724), Mémoire,
83, 1864. Mikikoues.—Ibid., 219. Mikikouet.—
Ibid., 83. Nation de la Loutre.—Bacqueville de la
Potherie, Hist. Amér. Sépt., 11, 48, 1753. Nation of
the Otter.—Heriot, Trav., 209, 1807. Nigik.—Kel-
ton, Ft Mackinac, 20, 1884. Nikicouek.—Jes. Rel.,
Ill, index, 1858. Nikikouek.—Jes. Rel. 1658, 22,
1858. Nikikoues.—Perrot, Mémoire, index, 1864.
Nikishka. A Knaiakhotana village, of
57 inhabitants in 1880, near the head of
Cook inlet, Alaska.—Petroff in 10th Cen-
sus, Alaska, 29, 1884.
Nikolaief (presumably named by the
Russians after Tsar Nikolas). An Aleut
village n. of Belkofski, on Alaska penin.,
Alaska; pop. 43 in 1880.
Nikolaievsky.—Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 23,
1884.
Nikolski. An Aleut settlement and
trading post for otter skins on Umnak id.,
Alaska. Pop. 83 in 1834, 127 in 1880, 94
in 1890.
Nikolskoje.-—Holmberg, Ethnog. Skizz., map, 1855.
Nikolsky.—Elliott, Our Arct. Proy., 184, 1886.
Oomnak.—Ibid., 179. Recheshnaia.—Veniaminoff
quoted by Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 35, 1854.
Retchechnoi.—Lutke quoted by Baker, Geog.
Dict. Alaska, 462, 1906. Riechesnee.—Ibid., 1902.
Ryitscheschnoje. —Holmberg, op. cit. Rychesnoi. —
Veniaminoff (1833) quoted by Elliott, Cond. Aff.
Alaska, 225, 1875. Umnak.—Eleventh Census,
Alaska, 163, 1893.
Nikozliautin (‘people of the river coy-
ered with the enemy’s arrows’). A Ta-
kulli clan or division on the s. half of
Stuart lake and on Pintce r., Brit. Col.
They inhabit two villages, Nakraztli and
Pintce. The name comes from a legend
of atribe of dwarfs who once attacked
their village in such numbers that the —
surface of Stuart r. was covered with float-
ing arrows (Morice in Trans. Can. Inst.,
188, 1891). The Nikozliautin are devout
Catholics, sober, law-abiding, and hos-
pitable. ‘Their main resources are hunt-
ing, trapping, and fishing. Pop. 234 in
1906.
Na-kas-le-tin.—Dawson in Rep. Geol. Sury. Gan.,
30B, 1881. Nakazéteo-ten.—Smet, Miss. del’ Oregon,
63, 1844. Na- ka-ztli-tenne. —Morice, letter, 1890.
Nakoozétenne.—Can. Ind. Ati S215: 1902. Na- ‘kra-
ztli-’tenne.— Morice, Notes on W. Dénés, 26, 1893.
Nancaushy Tine.—Jour. Anthrop. Inst., vil, 206,
1878. Nekaslay.—McLean, Hudson’s Bay, I, 262,
1849._Nekaslayans.—Ibid., 263. Nekasly. .—Ibid.,
269. Nikozliantin, —Macdonald, British Columbine.
126,1862. Nikozliantins. —Domenech, Deserts of
IN: Am., TI, 62, 1860: Nikozliautin. —Hale, Ethnog.
and Philol., 202, 1846. Stewart’s Lake Indians, —
Can. Ind. Aff., 79, 1878.
Niktak. A Kaviagmiut Eskimo village
on C. Prince of Wales, Alaska.
Nikhtagmut,—Ze goskin, Descr, Russ. Poss. Am.,
I, 73,1847 (the people).
Nilakshi (‘dawn’). A former Klamath
settlement at or below Nilaks mtn., FE.
shore of Upper Klamath lake, Oreg. The
name is now used to designate Modoe
NIKISHKA—NIMHAM
el
point, but it properly refers to Nilaks mtn.
ridge only.—Gatschet in Cont. N. A.
Ethnol:, 1, pt. 1, xxx, 1890.
Nilakskni maklaks. Gatschet, op. cit., pt. 11, 243
(name of people).
Nilalhuyu (Ni-lal-hu/-yu). A former
Chumashan village on Santa Cruz id.,
CaJ., the inhabitants of which are said to
have been celebrated for the practice of
sorcery.—Henshaw, Buenaventura MS.
vocab., B. A. E., 1884.
_ Nilestunne (Vi-l?sjinni’, ‘people at the
small dam in the river’). A former vil-
lage of the Mishikhwutmetunne on
Coquille r., Oreg.—Dorsey in Jour. Am.
Folk-lore, 111, 232, 1890.
Niletunne. A former village of the
Tututnionthe Oregon coast, being the first
village s. of the Kusan village of Nasumi,
s. of the mouth of Coquille r.
Jake’s people.—Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 11,
233, 1890 (referring to some man on Siletz res.).
Ni-le’ yanné’,—Ibid.
Nilsumack. A Salish band, probably
Cowichan, under the Fraser superinten-
dency, Brit. Col.—Can. Ind. Aff., 78, 1878.
Niltala. A Wikeno village on Rivers
inlet, Brit. Col.—Boas in Petermanns
Mitt., pt. 5, 130, 1887.
Nim (newm or niim, ‘people’). A name
adopted by Merriam (Science, x1x, 916,
1904) to designate a Mono- Paviotso divi-
sion on the n. fork of San Joaquin r. and
theadjacentregionin California. Regard-
ing it, Kroeber (Univ. Cal. Pub., Am.
Archeol. and Ethnol., rv, 119, 1907) says:
‘‘Nim is nota tribal name but the word for
person, niim, which occurs also in other
Mono dialects as far s. and £. as Kings r.
and Owens r., so that it cannot be re-
garded as distinctive of these people n.
of the San Joaquin.”’ In one or another
form it is the common Shoshonean desig-
nation for ‘men,’ ‘people.’
Pa-zo-ods.—Merriam, op. cit. (Holkomah name).
Nimatlala (Ni-mat-la’/-la). A former
Chumashan village on Santa Cruz id.,
g. of Prisoners harbor. —Henshaw, Bu.
enaventura MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1884.
Nimham, Daniel. A Wappinger chief,
noted not only for his active par ticipation
in the wars of 1746 and 1754, but espe-
cially for his efforts to recover for his tribe
the lands lying along the x. side of Hud-
son r. that had been taken from it while
aiding the English. The earliest recorded
notice of him is Oct. 13, 1730, the date of
an affidavit in which it is stated that the
deponent was ‘‘a River Indian of the
tribe of the Wappinoes’’ (Ruttenber,
Tribes Hudson R., 51, 1872). Nimham
was made chief sachem in 1740; his resi-
dence after 1746 was at Westenhuck. In
1755, with most of his fighting men, he
entered the English service under Sir
Williami Johnson, and about 1762, in
company with some Mohegan chiefs of
Connecticut, went to England on a mis-
sion regarding their land claims. They
72
received a favorable hearing, and on their
return to America their claims were
brought into court, but were lost to sight
during the Revolution. Nimham was
killed at the battle of Kingsbridge, N.
Y., Aug. 31, 1778, while fighting bravely
in the cause of the Americans. Near the
entrance to Pelham’s Neck, Westchester
co., N. Y., were, according to Ruttenber
(op. Cuts, 81), two large mounds, pointed
out as the sepulchers | of Ann-Hoock and
Nimham. Thenameof Daniel Nimham,
as well as those of Aaron, John, and
Isaac Nimham, appear in the rolls of New
York men enlisted in the service of the
Revolution. As Indians are included in
the list, Daniel Nimham is doubtless the
subject of this sketch. (esr)
Nimitapal. A former Chumashan vil-
lage on Santa Cruz id. (the San Lucas of
Cabrillo), Cal., in 1542. Possibly the
same as Nimatlala.
Nimetapal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 17, 1863.
Nimitapal.—Cabrillo (1542) in Smith, Colec. Doe.
Fla., 181, 1857. ? ;
Nimkish (*Ne’mgés). A Kwakiutl tribe
on and about the river of the same name
inN. E. Vancouver id. According to Rev.
A. J. Hall they derived their name from
that of a mythical halibut, called Num-
hya-li-gi-va, which caused a tide- -rip off
the pointof the bay. Thegentes, according
to Boas, are Gyigyilkam, Nenelkyenok,
Sisintlae, Tlatlelamin, and Tsetsetloala-
kemae. Pop. 151 in 1901, 134 in 1906.
&NE/mgées. —Boas in Mem. Am, Mus. Nat. Hist.,
V, pt. 1, 133, 1902. Ne’mk‘ic.—Boasin 6th Rep.N.W-
Tribes Can., 54, 1890. Ne: mqic.—Boas in Rep. Nat-
Mus. 1895, 331, 1897. Némgisch.—Boas in Peter-
manns Mitt., pt. 5, 130, 1887. Nim-keesh.—Can. Ind-
Aff.1884,190, 1885.’ Nimkis. —Taylorin Cal. Farmer,
July 19, 1862. Nim-kish.—Kane, Wand. in N. A.,
app., 1859. Nimpkish.—Mayne, Brit. Col., 179,
1862. Num-kés.—Hall quoted by Dawson in Trans.
Roy. Soe. Can., sec. 11, 72, 1887. :
Nimoyoyo. A Chumashan village on
San Miguel id. (the Isla de Juan Rod-
riguez of Cabrillo), Cal., in 1542.
Nimilolo.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 17, 1863.
-Nimollollo.—Cabrillo (1542) in Smith, Colee. Doc.
Fla., 186,1857. ati
Nimsewi (‘big river’). A division of
Maidu living on upper Butte cr., near the
edge of the timber in Butte co., Cal.
Nemshan.—Bancroft Nat. Races, I, 450, 1882. Nem-
shaw.—Hale, Ethnog. and Philol., 631, 1846. _Nem-
shoos.—Bancroft, op. cit. Nemshous.—Taylor in
Cal. Farmer, June 8, 1860. Nim Sewi.—Curtin,
MS. voeab., B. A. E., 1885. Nim’-shu.—Powers in
Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 11, 283, 1877 (from nem-sé-u,
‘big river’). Nim-sirs.—Johnston (1850) in Sen.
Ex. Doe. 4, 32d Cong., spec. sess., 45, 1853. Nim-
skews.—Beale in Sen. Ex. Doc. 57, 32d Cong., 2d
sess., 15, 1853. Nim-sus.—Johnston in Ind. Aff.
Rep., 124, 1850.
Ninchopan (‘bear’).
now nearly extinct.
Nintchopan.—Gatschet, Tonkawe MS. yoeab., B.
A. E., 1884. Nintropan.—Ibid.
Ningweegon. See Negwagon.
Ninibatan ( Niniba-t‘a”, ‘keepers of the
pipe’). A-subgens of the Mandhinka-
gaghe gens of the Omaha.—Dor sey in 15th
Rep. B. A. E., 228, 1897.
A Tonkawa clan,
NIMITAPAL—NINIVOIS
[B. A. E.
Ninibatan A subgens of the Tapa gens
of the Omaha.
Ninibatan. A subgens of the Inshta-
sanda gens of the Omaha, consolidated
prior to 1880 with another subgens known
as the Real Inshtasanda.
Ninigret. A sachem of the Niantic in
the region about Westerly, R. I., and a
cousin of Miantonomo. Besides the name
Ninigret, Nenekunat, etc., he bore earlier
that of Janemo or Ayanemo, by which
he first became known to the English
(Drake, Inds. of N. Am., 131, 1880). He
visited Boston in 1637. After the death
of Miantonomo he began war against the
Mohegan, but the English interfered,
and a treaty was signed at Boston in 1647.
Contemporary chroniclers have left a de-
tailed account of the appearance of Nini-
gret before the commissioners and _ his
conduct on that occasion, which was much
to his credit. Later (1652) Ninigret vis-
ited the Dutch at Manhattan, arousing
the suspicions of the English, which
were groundless. The next year he made
war upon the Long Island Indians. He
abstained from personal activity during
King Philip’s war, but had trouble in
keeping terms with the English. He
secured to himself and heirs the tribal
land near Charlestown; and after the cap-
ture of Nanuntenoo (Canonchet), the last
chief of the Narraganset, that tribe was
consolidated with the Niantic under Nini-
gret. The latter and Miantonomo were
lifelong rivals of Uncas. Notwithstand-
ing his pacific tendencies, Ninigret was
drawn into conflict with the Montauk of
E. Long Island in 1659. Aptly called by
Mather ‘‘an old crafty sachem,’’ he seems
to have preserved his pride, of which he
possessed an inordinate amount, and his
property as well, without being obliged
to fight for either. Ninigret died full of
years some time before the close of the
century. He consistently opposed Chris-
tianity, and told Mayhew, the mission-
ary, to ‘‘go and make the English good
first.”’ (A. F.C.)
Ninilchik. A Knaiakhotana village of
18 houses on the £. coast of Cook inlet,
s. of the mouth of Kasilof r., Alaska;
inhabited in 1890 by 45 natives and 36
Russian creole descendants of the convict
colony of 1793.
Munina.—Wosnesenski’s map (ca. 1840) cited by
Baker, Geog. Dict. Alaska, 463, 1906. Ninilchik.—
Petroff in Tenth Census, Alaska, 27, 1884.
Ninivois. A Fox chief in command of
the warriors of his tribe at the siege of
Detroit by Pontiac, in 1763. Ninivois
and Take, leader of the Hurons, appear
to have been the most active aids of Pon-
tiac at the commencement and during the
early part of the siege (Mich. Pion. Coll.,
Vitt, 266-339, 1886), and next to Pontiac
were the leaders in the councils of the
besiegers and the first to begin the invest-
BULL. 30]
ment of the fort. Fulton (Red Men of
Towa, 477, 1882) writes his name Ninivay
and says he was a Potawatomi. (c.'T.)
Ninnipaskulgee (‘highroad people’,
from Creek nini-paski ‘swept road’, algi
‘people’). A former band or tribe of
Upper Creeks, probably near Tucka-
batchi, Elmore co., Ala.
Ninny-pask-ulgees.—Woodward, Remin., 37, 1859.
Road Indians.—Ibid.
Ninstints. A Haida town which for-
merly stood on Anthony id., at the s.
end of Queen Charlotte ids., Brit. Col.
The native name was Sga/nguai (‘Red-
cod island’), Ninstints being the white.
man’s corruption of the town-chief’s
name, Nungstins (Nai stins, ‘he who is
two’). All the people from this end of
Moresby id. gathered there in compara-
tively recent times. The reninant have
since abandoned the place and settled at
Skidegate. It is impossible to identify
absolutely the name of this town with
that of any given in John Work’s list of
1836-41, but it is probably referred to as
‘*Quee-ah,’’ a town to which he assigned
20 houses and a population of 308. At
the present day there are probably not a
dozen Ninstints people left. The family
to which the chief of this town belonged
was the Sakikegawai. See Swanton,
Cont. Haida, 105, 277, 1905. (a. R. s.)
Nensti’ns,—Boas, 12th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 25,
1898. Ninstance.—Dawson, Queen Charlotte Ids.,
169, 1880. Ninstence.—Poole, Queen Charlotte
Ids., 195, 1872. Ninstints.—Dawson, op. cit.
Sg’a’nguai.—Boas, op. cit.
Ninumu. A Chumashan village on one
of the Santa Barbara ids., Cal., probably
Santa Rosa, in 1542.
Ninimu.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 17, 1863.
Ninumu.—Cabrillo (1542) in Smith, Colec. Doc.
Fla., 186, 1857.
Ninvok. A Chnagmiut Eskimo village
near the delta of Yukon r., Alaska.
Ninvaug.—Zagoskin in Nouy. Ann. Voy., 5th s.,
XXI, map, 1850.
Ninyuelgual. A former Chumashan
village near Purisima mission, Santa
Barbara co., Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
Oct. 18, 1861.
Nio. A small tribe, probably Piman,
long extinct, which formerly resided in
n. Sinaloa, Mexico, their village, the seat
of the mission of San Ignacio de Nio,
occupying the site of the present town of
the same name. Zapata, in 1678 (Doc.
Hist. Mex., 4th s., 11, 404, 1854), said that
a league and a half nN. r. of San Pedro de
Guazave was the pueblo of San Ignacio
de Nio, in which the language spoken,
called Nio, was particular unto itself,
though the Mexican was also in common
use. Alegre (Hist. Comp. Jesus, 1, 294,
1841) states that Father Mendez, who
had entered Sinaloa as a missionary,
recommended ‘‘the pueblos and_ lan-
guages of the Ocoroiri [Ocoroni], Nio,
and some others which he had held, to
the charge of Father Tapia.”’
NINNIPASKULGEE—NIPISSING
73
Niowe. Mentioned by Bartram (Trav-
els, 371, 1792) as a Cherokee settlement
on the headwaters of Tennessee r. about
the year 1775. Possibly intended for
Nayt’hi, which signifies ‘sand place.’
Cf. Noewe. (J.M. )
Nipaguay. A Dieguefo village near
San Diego, s. Cal., about 6 m. from the old
presidio to which, in 1774, the mission
was removed. See San Diego.
Nypagudy.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Feb. 22, 1860.
Nipigiguit. A former Micmac village
on the site of Bathurst, at the mouth
of Nipisiguit r., New Brunswick. The
French mission of Sainte Magdalen was
there in 1645.
Nepegigouit.—Jes. Rel. 1645, 35,1858. Nipigiguit.—
Vetromile, Abnakis, 59, 1866. Nipisiguit —Mem-
bré quoted by Shea, Miss. Val., 86, 1852.
Nipinchen. Given by Bolton (Hist.
Westchester Co., 1881) as a former Indian
fort on the n. side of Spuyten Duyvil (or
Papirinemen) cr., at its junction with
Hudson r. from the £., in Westchester
co., N.Y. Ruttenber (Ind. Geog. Names,
22, 1906) says the name belongs on the
w. side of the Hudson, at Konstable’s
Hook, and doubts that there was any
real settlement there. Cf. Nipinichsen.
Nipinichsen. A former Manhattan vil-
lage on the rg. bank of Hudson r., just
above Spuyten Duyvil, N. Y.—Ruttenber,
Tribes Hudson R., 77, 1872.
Nipissing (‘at the little water or lake’,
referring to L. Nipissing; Nipisirinien,
‘little-water people’). A tribe of the
Algonkin. Whenthey first became known
to the French, in 1613, they were residing
in the vicinity of L. Nipissing, Ontario,
which has been their home during most of
the time to the present. Having been
attacked, about 1650, by the Iroquois, and
many of them slain, they fled for safety to
L. Nipigon (Mackenzie, Voy., xli, note,
1802), where Allouez visited them in 1667,
but they were again on L. Nipissing in
1671. A part of the tribe afterward went
to Three Rivers, and some resided with
the Catholic Iroquois at Oka, where they
still have a village. Some of these as-
sisted the French in 1756. It is their dia-
lect which is represented in Cuoq’s Lex-
ique de la Langue Algonquine. They
were a comparatively unwarlike people,
firm friends of the French, readily ac-
cepting the Christian teachings of the
missionaries. Although having a fixed
home, they were semi-nomadic, going
s. in autumn to the vicinity of the Hurons
to fish and prepare food for the winter,
which they passed among them. They
cultivated the soil toa slight extent only,
traded with the Cree in the n., and were
much given to jugglery and shamanistic
practices, on which account the Hurons
and the whites called them Sorcerers.
Their chiefs were elective, and their
totems, according to Chauvignerie (N. Y.
.
74
Doce. Col. Hist., x, 1053, 1855), were the
heron, beaver, birechbark, squirrel, and
blood. No reliable statistics in regard to
their numbers have beenrecorded. The
Indians now ona reservation on L. Nipis-
sing are Officially classed as Chippewa;
they numbered 162 in 1884, and 223 in
1906. A Nipissing division was called
Miskouaha. (J. M.)
Askic8aneronons,.—Jes. Rel. 1639, 88, 1858 ( =‘ sor-
cerers’—Hewitt). Askik8anehronons.—Jes. Rel.
1641, 81,1858. Askikouaneronons,—Ibid. Aweatsi-
waenrrhonon.—Jes. Rel., Thwaites ed., x, 83, 1897.
Bisserains.—Champlain (ca. 1624), Guvres, v, 2d
pt., 79, 1870. Bisseriniens,—Sagard (1636), Can., I,
190, 1866. Bissiriniens,—Jes. Re].1635,18,1858. Bys-
siriniens.—Charlevoix (1744), New France,I, 95,
1866. Ebicerinys.—Sagard (1636), Can., I, 172, 1866.
Epesengles.—McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes,
111, 80, 1854. Epicerinyens.—Sagard (1636), Can.,
Ill, 727, 1866. Epicerinys.—Ibid., 1v, Huron Dict.,
1866. Epiciriniens,—Sagard (1636) quoted by Park-
man, Pioneers, 351, 1883. Episingles.—Dumont,
Mem. of La., VI, 135, 1753. Epissingue.—Writer of
1756 in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., x, 485, 1858. Tlgon-
quines.—La Salle (1682) in French, Hist. Coll. La.,
I, 46,1846. Juskwaugume.—Jones, Ojebway Inds.,
178, 1861. Kekerannon-rounons. — Lamberville
(1686) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., 111, 489, 1858. Longs
Cheveux.—Jes. Rel. 1671, 35, 1858. Nation des Sor-
ciers,—.Jes. Rel. 1632, 14, 1858. Nebicerini.—Cham-
plain (1613), G@uvres, 111, 295, 1870. Neperinks.—
Clinton (1745) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., v1, 276, 1855.
Nepesangs.—Pike, Exped., pt. 1, app., 62, 1810.
Nepesinks.—Clinton (1745) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,
VI, 281,1855. Nepessins.—Buchanan, N. Am. Inds.,
I, 139, 1824. Nepicerinis.—Lahontan, New Voy.,
I, 148, 1703. Nepicinquis.—Chauvignerie (1736)
quoted by Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 111, 554, 1853.
Nepicirenians.—Heriot,-Trav., 195, 1807. Nepiciri-
niens.—Bacqueville de la Potherie, 11, 48, 1753.
Nepiscenicens.—Boudinot, Star in the West, 127,
1816. Nepiseriniens.—La Barre (1682) in N. Y. Doc.
Col. Hist., 1X, 196, 1855. Nepisin.—Dobbs, Hudson
Bay, map, 1744. Nepisinguis.—Mackenzie, Voy.,
xlii,1801. Nepisirini.—Lahontan, New Voy., I, 231,
1703. Nepisseniniens.—Doc. of 1695 in N. Y. Doc.
Col. Hist., 1x, 599, 1855. Nepissens.—Boudinot, Star
in the West, 127, 1816. Nepisseriens, —Du Chesneau
(1681) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., 1x, 160, 1855. Nepis-
seriniens.—Doc. of 1697, ibid., 669. Nepissings.—
Doc. of 1695, ibid., 599. Népissingues.—Ibid., 602.
Népissiniens.—Ibid., 596. Nepissiriens.—Du Ches-
neau (1681), ibid., 160. Nepissiriniens.—Doc. of
1693, ibid., 566. Nibissiriniens.—Parkman, Pio-
neers, 351, 1883. Nipeceriniens.—Colden (1727),
Five Nations, 28, 1747. Nipercineans.—School-
craft, Ind. Tribes, 1, 807, 1851. Nipicirinien,—
Jes. Rel. 1639, 14, 1858. WNipisierinij,—Champlain
(1615), GEuvres, Iv, 21, 1870. Nipisings,—Cox,
Columbia R., 11, 142, 1831. Nipisingues.—Henry,
Trav., 30, 1809. Nipisinks,—German Flats conf.
(1770) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., VII, 229, 1857. Nipi-
siriniens.—Jes. Re].1636,69, 1858. Nipissings.—Doc.
of 1741 in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist.,1x,1080,1855. Nipis-
singues.—Du Chesneau (1679), ibid., 133. Nipis-
sins,—Smith, Bouquet’s Exped., 69, 1766. Nipis-
siriniens.—Jes. Rel. 1641, 81,1858. Nipissirinioek.—
Trumbull, Algonk. Names for Man, 18, 1871
(=‘small lake men’). Nipistingues.—Lettres
Edif., 1,696, 18388. Nippsingues.—Frontenac (1682)
in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., 1X, 182, 1855. Nipsang.—
Lear (1792) in Am. St. Pap., Ind. Aff., I, 244, 1832.
Nypissings.—Lamberville (1686) in N. Y. Doe.
Col. Hist., 111, 489, 1853. Nypsins.—Long,. Exped.
St Peters R., 1, 151, 1824. Odishk-wa-gami.—Bar-
aga, Eng.-Otch. Dict., 11, 1878 (Chippewa name;
Cuoq renders it ‘at the last water,’ but Chamber-
lain prefers‘ [people] onthe other side ofthe lake’).
Odishkwa-Gamig.— Trumbull, Algonk. Names
for Man, 18, 1872 (‘people of the last lake’; from
ishkwa‘ at the end of’, gamit ‘lake’ or ‘water’:
Chippewa name). O-dish-quag-um-eeg.—School-
eraft, Ind. Tribes, 11, 139, 1852. O-dish-quag-
um-ees.—Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep., 91, 1850.
Odishquahgumme.—Wilson, Ojebway Lang., 157,
1874 (= ‘Algonquin Indians’). Otick-waga-mi.—
Cuog, Lex. Iroqg., 42, 1882. Outiskouagami.—
NIPKY—NIPMUC
[B. A. B.
Jes. Rel. 1671, 35, 1858. Outisquagamis.—Andre
(1671) quoted by Shea, Cath. Miss., 365, 1855.
Pisierinii.—Champlain (1616), uvres, Iv, 61, 1870.
Pisirinins.—Ibid., 63, 1870. Quiennontateronons.—
Sagard (1636), Can., Iv, index, 1866. Quieunonta-
teronons.—Ibid., 111,750,1866. Skaghnanes.—Mess.
of 1763 in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., vir, 544, 1856.
Skaghquanoghronos.—Johnson (1763), ibid., 582.
Skecaneronons.—Sagard (1636), Can., III, 727, 1866.
Skekaneronons.—Ibid., I, 148, 1866. Skekwanen-hro-
non.—Cuoq, Lex. Iroq., 42, 1883 (Mohawk name).
Skequaneronon.—Sagard (1632), Can., Iv, Huron
Dict., 1866. Skighquan.—Livingston (1701) in N.
Y. Doc. Col. Hist., Iv, 899, 1854. Sorcerers.—Mac-
lean, Can. Savage Folk, 359, 1896 (English ren-
dering of name by which they were known to
early French missionaries). Squekaneronons.—
Sagard (1686), Can., 1,172, 1866 (Huron name).
Tuskwawgomeeg.—Tanner, Narr., 316, 1830 (Ottawa
Name).
Nipky. Probably a Lower Creek town,
as ‘‘Appalya, beloved man of Nipky,”’ is
mentioned among the Lower Creek chiefs
in a document dated Frederica, Ga., in
1747.—McCall, Hist. Ga., 1, 367, 1811.
Nipmue (from Nipamaug, ‘fresh-water
fishing place’). The inland tribes of
central Massachusetts living chiefly in
the s. part of Worcester co., extending
into Connecticut and Rhode Island.
Their chief seats were on the headwaters
of Blackstone and Quinebaug rs., and
about the ponds of Brookfield. Hassana-
mesit seems to have been their principal
village in 1674, but their villages had no
apparent political connection, and the
different parts of their territory were sub-
ject to their more powerful neighbors,
the Massachuset, Wampanoag, Narragan-
set, and Mohegan, and even tributary to
the Mohawk. The Nashua, dwelling far-
ther n., are sometimes classed with the
Nipmuc, but were rather a distinct body.
The New England missionaries had 7
villages of Christian Indians among them
in 1674; but on the outbreak of King
Philip’s war in the next vear almost all
of them joined the hostile tribes, and
at its close fled to Canada or westward
to the Mahican and other tribes on the
Hudson.
The following villages and bands prob-
ably belonged to the Nipmuc: Acoome-
meck, Chabanakongkomun, Chachau-
bunkkakowok, Hadley Indians, Hassa-
namesit, Magunkaquog, Manchaug, Man-
exit, Massomuck, Medfield, Menemesseg,
Metewemesick, Missogkonnog, Musketa-
quid, Nashobah, Nichewaug, Okomma-
kamesit, Pakachoog, Quabaug, Quahmsit,
Quantisset, Quinebaug, Segunesit, Squaw-
keag, Tatumasket, Totapoag, Wacuntug,
Wenimesset, and Woruntuck. (J. M.)
Neepemut.—Williams (1637) in Mass. Hist. Soe.
Coll., 4th s., vr, 190, 1863. Neepmucks,—{bid., 3d
s., 1X, 300, 1846. Neepnet.—Williams (ca. 1636),
ibid., 4th s., vi, 188, 1863. Neipnett.—Winthrop
(1632)—-quoted by Barber, Hist. Coll., 570, 1841.
Nepmets.—Higginson (1637) in Mass. Hist. Soe.
Coll., 4th s., vi, 396, 1865 (misprint?). Nep mock.—
Stephens (1675), ibid.,3ds., x, 117, 1849. Nepnet —
McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, 1m, 82, 1854.
Nibenets.—Maurault, Abenakis, 2, 1866. Nip-
moog.—Writer of 1675 quoted by Drake, Ind.
Chron., 19, 1886. Nipmucks.—Williams (1660) in
R. I. Col. Ree., I, 40, 1856. Nipmug.—Letter of
1675 in N. H. Hist. Soc. Coll., 11, 6, 1827, Nipmuk.—
BULL. 30)
Eliot (1659) quoted by Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. 2,
80, 1848. Nipnet.—Eliot (1649) quoted by Barber,
Hist. Coll., 570, 1841. Nipnett.—Dudley (1631) in
N. H. Hist. Soe. Coll., Iv, 226, 1834. Nopnat.—
Writer of 1647 quoted by Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. 2,
18, 1848. :
Nipoma. A former Chumashan village
near Santa Inez mission, Santa Barbara
co., Cal. (Taylor in Cal. Farmer, May 4,
1860). Perhaps the same as Nipomo.
Nipomo. A former village under San
Luis Obispo mission, 8 m. inland from
San Luis Obispo, Cal. Perhaps the same
village (Nipoma) given by Taylor as near
Santa Inez mission.
Ni-po-mo.—Schumacher in Smithson. Rep. 1874,
342, 1875.
Niquesesquelua. A Chumashan village
on one of the Santa Barbara ids., Cal.,
eauly Santa Rosa, in 1542.
iquesesquelna.—Wheeler Sury. Rep., vil, 311,
1879. Nisquesesquelua.—Cabrillo (1542) in Smith,
Colec. Doc. Fla., 186, 1857.
Niquipos. A Chumashan village on
either Santa Rosa or Santa Cruz id., Cal.,
in 1542.
Niquipos.—Cabrillo (1542) in Smith, Colee. Doc.
Fla., 181, 1857. Nquipos.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
Apr. 17, 1863.
Nirdlirn. A summer settlement of the
Kingnaitmiut subtribe of the Okomiut
Eskimo on the n. coast near the head of
Cumberland sd., Baffinland.—Boas in 6th
Rep. B. A. E., map, 1888.
Nisal (Nisd/). A division of the Chi-
nook tribe formerly residing on Nasal r.,
Pacifie co., Wash.
GiLa’/lélam.—Boas, Chinook Texts, 260, 1894 (own
name). Nasal.—Swan, N. W. Coast, 211, 1857.
Nisal.—Boas, op. cit.
Niscak (‘bustard’). A tribe or divi-
sion mentioned with other Algonquian
tribes of the region between L. Superior
and Hudson bay in the Prise de Possession
(1671) in Perrot, Mém., 293, 1864. They
were perhaps a gens of the Ottawa.
Nishinam (from nisenani, ‘our rela-
tions’). The southern branch of the
Maidu, occupying the valley of Bear r.,
Cal. While this portion of the Maidu
is in some ways distinct from the north-
ern branches, all of this family are so
similar in every respect that even without
the fact of the complete linguistic unity
which they represent it would seem
illogical to separate them. The Nishinam
divisions and villages, which were once
populous and numerous along Bear r., are
as follows: Divisions—Koloma, Pusune,
Vesnak, and Wapumne. Villages—Bush-
amul,Chuemdu, Hamitinwoliyu, Intanto,
Kaluplo, Kapaka, Lelikian, Lidlipa, Mu-
lamchapa, Opelto, Pakanchi, Pulakatu,
Shokumimlepi, Shutamul, Solakiyu, Ta-
lak, Toanimbuttuk, and Yokolimdu. See
Maidu, Pujunan Family. (R. B.D. )
Nishinam.—Powersin Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 111, 282,
1877. Nis-se-non.—Merriam in Science, N. 8.,
XIX, 914, 1904 (or, Nishinam). Tainkoyo,—Cur-
tin, MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1885. Tanko,—Dixon,
inf’n, 1903 (northern Maidu name; probably
from tai, ‘west’: Tai-nko,.‘having the west’).
ae ee in Bull. Essex Inst, 1870, 11, 28,
1871.
NIPOMA—NISKA 75
Nishtuwekulsushtun (Ni/-ctu-we-ytl/-stic-
tim). A former village of the Chastacosta
on Rogue r., Oreg.—Dorsey in Jour. Am.
Folk-lore, 11, 234, 1890.
Nisibourounik. Oneofthe fourdivisions
of the Cree.—Jes. Rel. 1658, 22, 1858.
Niska. The dialectic name for one of
the three Chimmesyan divisions, the
other two being the Kitksan and the
Tsimshian. Intradition, art, and manner
of living these three divisions are closely
allied, with such geographic differences
as would naturally occur. In language
less than one-third of the vocabulary is
common to all, a like proportion varies
in accent, while the remainder is different
and more local in character. Dialectic
differences are much less marked between
the two interior river divisions than be-
tween either of them and the Tsimshian
of the coast.
The territory of the Niska includes Ob-
servatory inlet, Nass bay, and the drain-
age basin of Nass r. and its tributaries,
but those northern sources that interlock
with the Iskoot and the Stikine rs. are
claimed also by the Tahltan, and over this
contention have occurred many wars that
havealwayskeptthese peopleapart. The
Niska villages have always been on the
main river and show evidence of consid-
erable size. The houses, in a single row,
follow the contour of the shore; they are
built of hewn timbers in the form of a
parallelogram, with a central open fire-
place of gravel, and a smoke-hole in the
roof. Carved heraldic columns stand in
front, in which the crest of the deceased
is shown at the base and that of the suc-
cessor at the top, and in one old village
grave-houses of logs surmounted by ani-
mal and bird forms in wood and stone,
representing the totemic emblems of the
dead, rest on the river bank in the midst
of the columns.
With the establishment of missions the
older villages have generally been de-
serted and the people are being concen-
trated at three points, under the super-
vision of missionaries of the Church of
England, and small modern dwellings
are taking the place of the old communal
house. Modern ideas prevail, and the
condition of the people is a credit to
both their teachers and themselves.
The villages, past and present, together
with the more important village sites, are:
Kincolith, Kitaix, Lakkulzap or Green-
ville, Gwinwork, Lakungida or Ankeegar,
Kisthemuwelgit or Willshilhtumwill-
willgit, Qunahhair, Kitwinshilk,Sheaksh,
Aiyansh, Kitlakdamix, and Kitwinlkole.
Other town names have been given, as
follows, but these, wholly or in part, may
duplicate some of the above: Kitahon,
Kitangata, Kitlakaous, and Andeguale.
The Niska were divided geographically
into the Kitkahteen (‘people of the lower
76
valley’), including those below the can-
yon, and the Kitanweliks (‘people of the
upper river’), comprising those above
this point.
Tradition tells that long ago when the
principal village was across the river
to the southward, some little boys were
amusing themselves by catching salmon,
cutting slits in their backs in which they
inserted flat stones, and then letting them
go, playing they were whales. This so
incensed the guardian spirit that, rising
from the mountain to the southward
enveloped in a wide spreading black
cloud that changed day into night, with
eyes of flame and voice of thunder, he
rolled down the mountain side as a river
of fire and swept the village away. The
people fled across the river and took
refuge on the hills until quiet was re-
stored, when they divided, some settling
at Kitlakdamix and there retaining the
oldname of Kitauwiliks, while the others,
founding Kitwinshilk on the rocks over-
looking the rapids, were ever afterward
known by the name of their village as
‘The people among the lizards.’
The social organization is founded upon
matriarchy, and is dependent’ upon the
existence of four exogamous parties, dis-
tinguished by their crests, who inter-
marry and who supplement one another
on all occasions of ceremony. These
parties are subdivided into families who
are represented by minor crests but who
still retain the party emblem. These
four parties are: (1) Laghkepo, repre-
sented by the Wolf and haying as its
subdivisions the Brown-bear, Crow,
Crane, and Red-wing flicker; (2) Lagh-
keak, represented by the Eagle and hav-
ing as its subdivisions the- Beaver, Owl,
Dog-fish, and Squirrel; (3) Kanhadda,
represented by the Raven and having as
its subdivisions the Frog, Sea-lion, Scul-
pin, and Star-fish; (4) Kishpootwada,
represented by the Killer-whale and hay-
ing as its subdivisions the Osprey and
the Bear-under-Water. (Boas gives the
following subdivisions: Gyitkadok, Lak-
seel, Laktiaktl, Gyitgyigyenik, Gyitwul-
nakyel, Gyiskabenak, Lakloukst, Gy-
itsaek, Laktsemelik, and Gyisgahast.
He assigns the first two to the Raven
phratry, the next three to the Wolf
phratry, the four following to the
Eagle phratry, and the last to the Bear
phratry.)
The Niska look to the river for their
food supply, which consists principally
of salmon and eulachon. Indeed it is
owing to the enormous number of the
latter fish that run in to spawn in the
early spring that the name Nass, mean-
ing ‘the stomach, or food depot’, has been
given to the river.
In 1902 the population of the Niska
towns was 842; in 1906, 814. (G. T. E.)
NISKAP—NISSOW AQUET
{B. A. BL
Naas River Indians.—Scott in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1869,
563, 1870. Naseah.—Brit. Col. map, Ind. Aff., Vic-
toria, 1872. Nascars.—Horetzky, Canada on Pac.,
126, 1874. Nasqa.—Dorsey in Am. Antiq., XIX,
277, 1897. Nass.—Dunn, Hist. Oregon, 279, 1844.
Nasya.—Boas in Zeit. fiir Ethnol., 231, 1888.
Nishgar.—Can. Ind. Aff. Rep., 432, 1896. Nishka,—
Horetzky, op. cit., 219. Niska.-—Tolmie and Daw-
son, Vocabs. Brit. Col., 1138, 1884. Nisk‘a’,—
Boas in 10th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 48, 1895.
Nis-kah.—Gibbs in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., I, 148, 1877.
Nuss-ka.—Krause, Tlinkit Ind., 318, 1885. Old-
nass,—Scott in H.R. Ex. Doc. 65, 36th Cong., Ist
sess., 115, 1860 (probably identical).
Niskap. Mentioned with the Smulka-
mish as bands residing on the Muckle-
shoot res., Wash. Perhaps a subdivi-
sion of the Puyallup.
Nooscope.—Gosnell in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1857, 338, 1858.
White River Indians.—Gosnell in Ind. Aff. Rep.
1856, 338, 1857.
Nisqualli. A Salish tribe on and about
the river of the same name flowing into
the s. extension of Puget sd., Wash.
The Nisqualli res. is on Nisqualli r. be-
tween Pierce and Thurston cos. The
name has also been extended to apply to
those tribes of the rE. side of Puget sd.
speaking the same dialect as the above.
Such are the Puyallup, Skagit, Snoho-
mish, Snokwalmu, and Stilakwamish.
Mitsukwie was a former Nisqualli village.
The Nisqualli made a treaty with the
United States at Medicine cr., Wash., Dec.
26, 1854, ceding certain lands and resery-
ing others. The Executive order of Jan.
20, 1857, defined the present Nisqualli res.
Askwalli.—Gatschet, Kalapuya MS., B. A. E., 31
(Calapooya name). Ltsyéals.—Gibbs, Nestucca
voeab., B. A. E. (Nestueca name). Nasqually.—
White in Ind. Aff. Rep., 460, 1843. Nesquallis.—
Duflot de Mofras, Expl., 117, 335, 1844. Nesqually.—
U.S. Stat. at Large, x1, 395, 1867. Nez-quales.—
Smet, Letters, 231, 1843. Nez qually.—Hines,
Oregon, 29, 1851. Niskwali.—Gatschet in Proc.
A. A. A.S., XXXI,577,1882. Niskwalli.—Gibbs in
Cont. N. A. Ethnol.,1,178, 1877 (used collectively).
Nisqualies.—Domenech, Deserts N.A., 1, 442, 1860.
Nisquallis.—Sterrett (1855) in Sen. Ex. Doce. 26,
34th Cong., Istsess., 65,1856. Nisqually.—Hale in
U.S. Expl. Exped., v1,211, 1846. N’squallii—Gibbs, .
MS. no. 248, B. A. E. (name strictly belongs to the
village at the first dam on Nisqualli r.). Qual-
liamish.—Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, VI, 688, 1857.
Quallyamish.—Lane quoted by Schoolcraft, ibid.,
I, 521, 1851. Skwale.—Hale in U. S. Expl. Exped.,
VI, 211, 1846. Sk’wa-lé-ibe.—McCaw, Puyallup
MS. voecab., B. A. E., 1885 (Puyallup name).
Skwali.—Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond.,
71, 1856. Skwalliahmish.—Gibbs in Cont. N. A.
Ethnol., 1, 178, 1877. Skwalz.—Gallatin (1846) in
Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, 111, 402, 1853. Squalli-
ah-mish.—Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., 1, 435, 1855.
Squalli-a-mish.—Tolmie, ibid., 434. Squally-ah-
mish.—Starling in Ind. Aff. Rep., 170, 1852.
Squallyamish.—Scouler in Jour. Geog. Soc. Lond.,
I, 224, 1841. Squawlees.—Meek in H. R. Ex. Doc.
76, 30th Cong., Ist sess., 10, 1848. Squiath.—Ind.
Aff. Rep. 1856, 265, 1857. Tsé Skualli amim.—Gat-
schet, Lakmiut MS., B. A. E., 105 (Lakmiut-
Kalapuya name). :
Nissowaquet. An Ottawa chief, known
to the French as La Fourche, who during
most of his life resided at Michilimackinae,
Mich. He is said to have been made
head chief of his tribe as early as 1721
(Grignon in Wis. Hist. Coll., mm, 198,
1857), at which time Charles DeLanglade,
his close friend and aid, married his sis-
ter Domitilde. Nissowaquet allied him-
BULL. 30]
self with the French in their war with the
English, and it is said was present at Ft
Duquesne at the time of Braddock’s de-
feat. He is said to have been still living
in 1780 (Draper in Wis. Hist. Coll., 1m,
199, 1857; Mich. Pion. Coll., x, 406,
1888). His name isalso spelled Nissaoua-
kouad (Wis. Hist. Coll., vm, 125, 1876).
Nitahauritz. One of the 4 Alibamu
towns formerly existing w. of the con-
fluence of Cabo (Cahawba) and Alabama
rs., in Dallas co., Ala.
Nitahaurithz.—Lattré, Carte des Etats-Unis, 1784.
Nitahauritz.—Jefferys, Am. Atlas, map 5, 1776.
Nitak. A Knaiakhotana village on the
E. side of Knik bay, at the head of Cook
inlet, Alaska, containing 15 persons in
1880.
Nitak.— Baker, Geog. Dict. Alaska, 1901. Nitakh.—
Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 29, 1884.
Nitakoskitsipupiks (‘obstinate’). A
band of the Piegan tribe of the Siksika.
Ne-ta’-ka-ski-tsi-pup’-iks.—Hayden, Ethnog. and
Philol. Mo. Val., 264, 1862 (trans. ‘people that
have theirown way’). Nit/-ak-os-kit-si-pup-iks, —
Grinnell, Blackfoot Lodge Tales, 209, 1892. Obsti-
nate.—Ibid., 225. ; ‘
Nitawaliks. Given as a Chimmesyan
tribe on upper Nass r., Brit. Col.—Tolmie
and Dawson, Vocabs. Brit. Col., 113:,
1884.
Nitawyiks (‘lone eaters’). -haka.—Hewitt, inf’n,
1889 (common nameas given by the Iroquois; pos-
sibly ‘fork of a stream’). Wanjoacks,—Martin,»
North Carolina, I, 14, 1829 (misprint).
Nouista. An unidentified village or
tribe in alliance with the Kadohadacho
in 1687.—Joutel in Margry, Déc., 11, 410,
1878.
Noutchaoff. An unidentified Bellacoola
town on a river of the same name in
British Columbia.
Nout-chaoff.—Mayne, Brit. Col., 147, 1862.
Novaculite. A very fine-grained and
compact chalcedonic (quartz) rock, ordi-
dinariiy white or whitish in color, and
often distinguished by the archeologist
by its somewhat translucent waxen ap-
pearance. It occurs in vast bodies in
connection with Ordovician (Lower Silu-
rian) strata in Arkansas, especially in the
vicinity of Hot Springs, where it was
extensively quarried by the aborigines.
The ancient excavations here cover many
hundreds of acres of the mountain ridges
and are surrounded by large bodies of
refuse—the result of roughing-out imple-
ments by flaking processes. As with the
great quarries of Flint Ridge, Ohio, and
other localities, the principal product was
the leaf-shaped blade, from which arrow-
and spear-heads and knives were to be
specialized, but the material was used also
for axes, celts, ceremonial objects, and
ornaments, in the manufacture of which
the flaking work-was supplemented by
pecking and grinding. See Chalcedony,
Mines and Quarries, Quartz, Stonework.
Consult Griswold in Rep. Geol. Surv.
Ark., m1, 1890-2; Holmes in Am. An-
throp., v, Oct. 1891; Kunz, Gemsand Pre-
cious Stones, 1890; Merrill, Rocks, Rock-
weathering and Soils, 1897. (w. H. H.)
Novaia. An Ingalik village on the lower
Yukon, Alaska; pop. 52 in 1880.—Pe-
troff, Rep. on Alaska, 62, 1881.
Novoktolak. A Kuskwogmiut Eskimo
village in the Kuskokwim district, Alaska;
op. 55 in 1890.
ovokhtolahamiut.—Eleventh Census, Alaska,
164, 1893. d ;
Nowadaga. A former Mohawk vil-
lage on the s. bank of Mohawkr., at the
mouth of Nowadagacr., on the site of Dan-
ube, Herkimer co., N. Y. It was the
principal Mohawk settlement about 1750.
A part of the band here had another vil-
lage a little lower down the stream, oppo-
site the mouth of East Canadacr. No-
wadaga was long the home of Joseph
Brant (Thayendanegea).
Nowadaga.—Macauley, N. Y.,
wodaga.—Ibid., 181.
Nowe. Mentioned by Bartram (Trav-
els, 371, 1792) as a Cherokee settlement,
about 1775, one of four towns ‘‘inland on
the branches of the Tanase [Tennessee ].”’
It can not be certainly identified.
II, 226, 1829. No-
88
Nowi. A Yukonikhotana village on
the s. side of Yukon r., at’ the mouth of
Nowikakat r., Alaska, having 107 inhabi-
tants in 1880.
_Newi-cargut.—Wymper, Trav. and Advent., map,
1869. Newikargut.—Raymond in Sen. Ex. Doc. 12,
42d Cong., 1st sess., 23,1871. Nowikakat.—Petroff,
Rep. on Alaska, 62,1881. Noya-kakat.—Petroff,
map of Alaska, 1880. Noyokakat.—Petroff in 10th
Census, Alaska, 12, 1884.
Noxa. Mentioned by Oviedo (Hist.
Gen. Indies, 11, 628, 1853) as one of the
provinces or villages visited by Ayllon in
1520; probably on the South Carolina
coast.
Noyuki (‘southern aliens’). The name
applied by their northern neighbors to a
Maidu tribe formerly occupying the ter-
ritory about the junction of Yuba and
Feather rs., Yuba co., Cal. One of their
villages, Yupu, was on the site of the
present Yuba city.
Noi-Yucans.—Gieger in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1859, 438, 1860.
Npapuk (N’pa’puk:). A Squawmish vil-
lage community on the E. side of Howe
sd., Brit. Col—Hill-Tout in Rep. Brit.
A. A.S., 474, 1900.
Npiktim (‘white hollow’). A village of
the Ntlakyapamuk, so called, according
to Hill-Tout, because it was the place
where the Indians obtained the white
clay they burnt and used for cleaning
wool, etc. Pop. 19in 1897, the last time
the name officially appears.
Mpaktam.—Can. Ind. Aff. 1886, 230, 1887. N’prk’-
tEm.—Hill-Toutin Rep. Ethnol. Sury.Can., 5, 1899.
Npikti’/m.—Teit in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1,
169, 1900. S’inptkti’m.—Ibid.
Npokwis (N’pok-wis). A Squawmish
village community on the right bank of
Squawmisht r., Brit. Col.—Hill-Tout in
Rep. Brit. A. A. 8., 474, 1900.
Npuichin ( Npwitci’n, ‘low ridge shore’ ).
A village of the Lytton band of Ntlakya-
pamuk on the w. side of Fraser r., 8 m.
above Lytton, Brit. Col.—Teit in Mem.
Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1, 172, 1900.
Nra Sra. For all references beginning
with this abbreviation, or with N.%., see
Nuestra Sefora.
Nsisket (NVsi/sqet, ‘the little split or di-
vide’, perhaps because near a deep or
rocky gulch). A village of the Nicola
band of Ntlakyapamuk near Nicola r.,
a few miles from the w. end of Nicola
lake, Brit. Col. Pop. 21 in 1901, the
last time the name is given.
Hun-ka-sis-ket.—Can.Ind. Aff. 1883, pt. 1,191, 1884.
N’cickt.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Ethnol. Sury. Can., 4,
1899. Neyiskat.—Can. Ind. Aff. 1894, 277, 1895.
Nsi/sqEt.—Teit in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist, 11,
174, 1900. Nyiskat.—Can. Ind. Aff., 361, 1895.
Nzis-kat.—Ibid., 1886, pt. 1, 232, 1887. Nzyshat.—
Ibid., pt. 1, 166, 1901.
Nskakaulten ( Nsqa’qaulten, ‘little look-
ing-for-game place’). A village of the
Ntlakyapamuk on the s. side of Thomp-
sonr., 23m. above Lytton, and 3m. below
Spences Bridge, Brit. Col.
Nsqa’qaultrn,—Teit in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
11, 172, 1900. Spences Bridge [Indians].—Can. Ind.
Aff., 79, 1878.
NOWI—NTLAKY APAMUK
[B. A. E.
Ntekem (Vié/qem, ‘to make muddy’, or
‘muddy creek’). A village of the Spences
Bridge band of Ntlakyapamuk on the n.
side of Thompson r., about 1 m. back
from the stream and 39 m. above Lytton,
Brit. Col.
N’ tai/kum.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Ethnol. Sury. Can.,
4, 1899. Nté’qem—Teit in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 11,173, 1900. Oregon Jacks,—Name given by
whites.
Nthaich ( N’¢ai’tc). ASquawmish village
on the right bank of Squawmisht r., Brit.
Col.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Brit. A. A. 8,
474, 1900.
Ntlaktlakitin ( NLaqLa’kitin, ‘the cross-
ing place’, ‘ place for crossing the river’ ).
A village of the Lytton band of Ntlakya-
pamuk at Kanaka Bar, Fraser r., about
11 m. below Lytton, Brit. Col., with 55
inhabitants in 1906. Some Indians class
it with the Lower Ntlakyapamuk.
Hlakklaktan,—Can. Ind. Aff. 1892, 312, 1893. Hlu-
hlu-natan.—Ibid., pt. 11, 164, 1901. Hlukhluka-
tan.—Ibid., 230, 1886. Hluk-kluk-a-tan,—Ibid.,
1885, pt. 1, 196, 1886 Kanaka Bar.—Ibid., 1897,
363, 1898. NuaqLla’kitin.—Teit in Mem. Am. Mus,
Nat. Hist., 11, 171, 1900.
Ntlakyapamuk, Oneof the four greatSal-
ish tribes inhabiting the interior of British
Columbia and popularly called Thompson
Indians, from the river on which a large
NTLAKYAPAMUK MAN. (am. Mus. NAT. Hist. )
part of them live. Internally they are
divided into the Lower Thompsons, liv-
ing from a short distance below Spuzzum
on Fraser r., nearly to the village of Cisco,
and the Upper Thompsons, whose towns
extend from the latter point nearly to
Lillooet on the Fraser, to within a short
distance of Ashcroft on the Thompson,
and over all of Nicola valley. The Upper
Thompsons are subdivided by Teit into
BULL: 30]
4 minor bands, the Lytton band, the
Nicola band, the Spences Bridge band,
and the Upper Fraser band. In addition
the following subdivisions are mentioned:
Ainslie Creek, Boothroyds, Canoe Lake
Indians, Cooks Ferry, Rhaap, Skowtous,
and Snakaim. Total population 1,826 in
1902, 1,776 in 1906. The following list of
oe was obtained principally from
eit:
Villages of the Lower Thompsons: Che-
tawe, Kalulaadlek, Kapachichin, Kapas-
lok, Kimus, Kleaukt, Koiaum, Nkakim,
Nkattsim, Nkoiam, Noieltsi, Npiktim,
Ntsuwiek, Sintaktl, Skohwak, Skuzis,
Skwauyik, Spaim, Spuzzum, Stahehani,
Suk, Taqwayaum, Tikwalus, Tliktlak-
etin, Tzauamuk.
Villages of the Lytton band: Anektettim,
Cisco, Kittsawat, Natkelptetenk, Nchek-
chekokenk, Nehowmean, Nikaomin, Nko-
ikin, Nkya, Noét, Npuichin, Ntlaktlak-
itin, Staiya, Stryne, Tlkamcheen, Tuh-
ezep.
Villages of the Upper Fraser band: Ahul-
ka, Nesikeep, Nkaktko, Ntlippaem, Skek-
aitin, Tiaks.
Villages of the Spences Bridge band: At-
chitchiken, Klukluuk, Nkamchin, Nkoeit-
(am. Mus. Nat. Hist.)
NTLAKYAPAMUK WOMAN.
ko, Nokem, Nskakaulten, Ntekem, Nu-
kaatko, Pekaist, Pemainus, Semehau,
Snapa, Spatsum, Stlaz, Tlotlowuk, Zak-
hauzsiken.
Villages of the Nicola band: Hanehe-
wed], Huthutkawedl, Koiskana, Kwil-
chana, Naaik, Nchekus, Nsisket, Ntstlat-
ko, Petutek, Shahanik, Tsulus, Zoht.
To these the following names must be
added, although one or two of them
NTLIPPAEM—NTSTLATKO
89
may possibly be synonyms: Cheuek, Ko-
koiap, Nhatiken, Nkahlimiluh, Nkaih,
Nzatzahatko, Paska, Schaeken, Shkuet,
Shkuokem, Shuimp, Skappa, Snakaim,
Spapium, Timetl, Tsuzel.
For detailed information consult Teit in
Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., mu, pt. rv,
1900, and Hill-Toutin Rep. Ethnol. Sury.
Can., Brit. A. A. S., 1889. (zsBN8%)
Cé’qtamux.—Teit in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
II, 167, 1900 ( Lillooet name, from name of Thomp-
son r.), Clunsus.—Bancroft, Nat. Races, 1, 311,
1874. Couteaux.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, July 19,
1862. Klackarpun.—Survey map, Hydrog. Office,
U.S.N., 1882. Knife Indians.—T eit, op. cit. (name
given by employees Hudson Bay Co.). Knives.—
Anderson quoted by Gibbs in Hist. Mag., vir, 76.
1863. Lukatimw’x.—Teit, op. cit.(Okinagan name),
Neklakapamuk.—Can. Ind. Aff., 15, 1879. Nekla-
kussamuk.—Brit. Col. map, Ind. Aff., Victoria,
1872. N-hla-kapm-uh.—Mackay quoted by Dawson
in Trans. Roy. Soe. Can., sec. 11,6, 1891. Nicouta-
meens.—Mayne, Brit. Col., 296, 1862. Nicouta-
much.—Ibid. Nicute-much.—Anderson, op. cit.
Nitlakapamuk.—Good, Offices in Nitlakapamuk,
1880. Nko’atamux.—Teit, op. cit., 167 (Shus-
wap name). N-ku-tam-euh.—Mackay, op. cit., 5.
Nkutémiyu.—Gatschet, MS., B. A. E. (Okinagan
name). Nuiak‘a/pamux.—Teit, op. cit. (own name,
sometimes given to Lytton bandalone). N’tlaka’-
pamuqQ.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Ethnol. Sury. Can., 10,
1889. N-tla-ka-pe-mooh.—Dawson in Trans. Roy.
Soe. Can., sec. II, 6, 1891. Ntlakya’pamuq.—Boas
in 5th Rep. N.W. Tribes Can., 10, 1889. Sa/lic.—
Teit, op. cit. (Okinagan name). Saw-meena.—
Anderson, op. cit., 71 (socalled bytheTait, a Cowi-
chan tribe). SEma/mila.—Teit, op. cit. (so called
by the Cowichan of Fraser delta). Ske-yuh.—
Mackay, op. cit. (‘the people’: own name). So-
mena.—Ibid. (‘inland hunters’: Cowichan
name). Thompson River Indians.—Dawson, ibid., 6
(name given by whites). Thompsons.—Ibid.
Ntlippaem (Nzip’pa’em, ‘to extract
marrow’, according to Teit; ‘deep’, ac-
cording to Hill-Tout). A village of the
Upper Fraser band of Ntlakyapamuk on
the w. side of Fraser r., 22 m. above Lyt-
ton, Brit. Col.
Nick-el-palm.—Brit. Col. map., Ind. Aff., Victoria,
1872. Nitlpam.—Can. Ind. Aff., 78, 1878. N’k:-lpan.—
Hill-Tout in Rep. Ethnol. Sury. Can., 4, 1899.
Niip’pa/Em.—Teitin Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11,
172, 1900. :
Ntlkius (Nzii/us). An Okinagan town
on Similkameen r., Brit. Col.—Teit in
Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11, 174, 1900.
Ntshaautin (‘people down against the
island’). A Takulli sept dwelling along
Blackwater r. and upper Nechaco r., Brit.
Col., in the villages of Tluskez, Ilkatsho,
and Peltkatchek. Former villages were
Tsitsi and Ilrak, now abandoned. Pop.
135 in 18983.
Natcotetains.—Domenech, Deserts N. Am., I, 442,
1860. Nazeteoten.—Smet, Oregon Miss., 100, 1847.
Nechao-tin.—Brit. Col. map, Ind. Aff., Victoria,
1872. Neguia Dinais.—Mackenzie, Voy., 309, 1801.
Neotetain.—Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 59, 1855,
Ntshaantin.—Domenech, Deserts N. Am., II, 62,
1860. Ntshadutin.—Hale, Ethnog. and Philol.,
202, 1816. Nu-teah-’tenne.—Morice in Trans. Can.
Inst., Iv, 25, 1893. Nu-tea-’tenne.—Ibid.
Ntsiyamis (Nisi-ya/-mis). A former
Kuitsh yillage on lower Umpqua r.,
Oreg.—Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore,
i, 231, 1890.
Ntstlatko ( Ntsza’tko, ‘cold water’).
Nunni (‘fish’). A clan of the Koi
phratry of the Chickasaw.
Nanni.—Morgan misquoted by Gatschet, Creek
Migr. Leg., 1,96,1884. Nun-ni.—Morgan, Anc. Soc.,
163, 1877.
Nunochok. A Magemiut Eskimo yil-
lage in the Big Lake region, Alaska; pop.
40 in 1880, 135 in 1890.
Nunachanaghamiut,—Eleventh Census, Alaska,
111, 1893. Nunachara gamut.—Baker, Geog. Dict.
Alaska, 475, 1906 (quoted from). Nunachogumut.—
Nelson in 18th Rep. B. A. E., map,1899. Nunoch-
ogamute.—'l’enth Census, Alaska, 11, 1884. Nuno-
chok.—Baker, Geog. Dict. Alaska, 475, 1906.
Nuntaneuck. Anunidentified tribe, but
possibly Siouan, mentioned by Lederer
(Discoy., 2, 1672) as speaking the com-
mon language of the Monacan, Nahyssan,
Saponi, and others, and as having occu-
pied the piedmont country of Virginia-
Carolina jointly with those tribes after the
extinction of the Tacci.
Nuntaly.—Lederer, op. cit.
Nununyi (Nuni/7iyi, ‘ wild-potato place,’
from nunu ‘wild potato’). A former
Cherokee settlement, sometimes known
as Potato Town, on Oconaluftee r., near
the present Cherokee, Swain co., N. C.
A large mound marks the site. (J. mM.)
Nuanha.—Bartram, Travels, 371, 1792.
Nunvogulukhluguk (‘big lake’). An
Eskimo village of the Kaialigamiut in the
BULL. 30]
Big Lake region, Alaska.—Nelson in 18th
Rep. B. A. E., map, 1899.
Nuokan. A Yuit Eskimo village at
East cape, Siberia.
Nukan.—Humboldt, New Spain, 11, 344, 1822.
okan.—Krause in Deutsche Geog. Blitt.,
map, 1882. : :
Nuquiage. A Cayuga village in 1750 at
the nN. E. corner of Seneca lake, on the out-
let, in Seneca co., N. Y.
Nugqiage.—Conover, Kan. and Geneva MS.,B. A. E.
Nuquiage,—Cammerhott (1750) quoted by Conover,
ibi
Nurata. A settlement of the Sikosuil-
armiut, E. of King cape, Baffin land.—
Boas in 6th Rep. B. A. E., 421, 1888.
Nuri. wa».—Ibid.
Otenashmoo. . Ce LE 1809. Ottawaies.—Croghan (1760),
ibid., 4th s., 1X, 249,1871. Ottawak.—Long, Exped.
St. Peter’s Re Il, 151, 1824. Ottawas.—Writer of
1684 quoted by Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R.,
171, 1872. Ottawawa.—Doc. of 1695 in N. Y. Doe.
Col. Hist., Iv, 122,1854. Ottawawaas.—Livingston
(1687), ibid., 111, 448, 1853. Ottawawe.—Dongan
(1687), ibid., 476. Ottawawooes.—Doc. of 1688,
ibid., 565. Ottawaws.—Croghan (1760) in Mass.
Hist. Soe. Coll., 4th s., 1x, 250, 1871. Seas ar
Schuyler (1698) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., 406,
1854. Ottawwaws.—Tanner,Narr., 36,1830. "Ottaw.
wawwag.—lIbid., 315 (Ottawa name). Ottawwaw-
wug.—Parkman, Pioneers, 347, 1883. Ottewas,—
Lang and Taylor, Rep., 23, 1843. Ottoawa.—
Livingston (1687) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 111, 443,
1853. Ottova.—Markham (1691), ibid., 808. Otto-
waes.—Johnson (1764), ibid., vil, 674, 1856. Otto-
wais.—Dongan (ca. 1686), ibid., 11, 395, 1853.
Ottowas.—Chauvignerie (1736) quoted’ by School-
craft, Ind. Tribes, U1, 554, 1853. Ottowata,—
Treaty of 1829 in U. S. Ind. Treat., 164, 1873.
Ottowaus.—Edwards (1788) in Mass, Hist. Soe.
Coll., Ist. s., Ix, 92, 1804. Ottowauways.—Doc. of
1747 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vr, 391, 1855. Otto-
wawa.— Lamberville (1686), ibid., 111, 490, 1853.
Ottowawe.—Valiant (1688), ibid., 522. Otto-
waws.—Carver, Tray.,19,1778. Ottowayer.—Vater,
Mith.,
Trade (1721)
pt. 3, sec. 3,406, 1816. Ottoways.—Lords of
in N.Y. Doc. Col. Hist., v, 622, 1855.
Ottowose.—Valiant (1688), ibid., 111, 522, 1853.
Ottwasse.—Dongan (1686), ibid., Ix, 318, 1855.
Ouatawais.—Jefterys, Fr. Doms., pt. 1, map, 1761.
Ouatouax.—La Barre (1683) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,
Ix, 202, 1855. Outaois.—Vaudreuil (1703), ibid.,
743. Outaoise.—Doc. of 1748, ibid., x, 151, 1858.
Outaonacs.—Warren (1852) in Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll.,
v, 407, 1885. Outaowacs.—Jes. Rel. 1671, 25, 1858.
172
Outa8acs.— Doc. of 1693 in N.Y. Doc. Col. Hist., rx,
562,1855. 8ta8acs.—Doc. of 1695, ibid., 604. Outaow-
aes.—Frontenac (1673), ibid., 95. 8ta8aés.—Mon-
treal conf. (1700), ibid.,719. Outa8aés.—Ibid., 720.
Outaouagas.—La Galissoniére (1748), ibid., x, 182.
1858. Outaouaies.—Denonville (1687), ibid., 1x,
365, 1859. Outaouais.—Talon? (1670) quoted by
Neill, Minn., 120, 1858. Outa8ais.—Doc. of 1695 in
N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., 1x, 598, 1855. 8ta8ais.—Doc.
of 1695, ibid., 601. Outaouaks.—Jes. Rel. 1656, 38,
1858. Outaouan.—Jes. Rel. 1640, 34, 1858. Outaou-
aos, —Frontenac (1681) in N. Y. Doe. Col, Hist., rx,
146, 1855. Outaouas.—Writer of 1660 in Margry,
Déc., 1, 55, 1875. Outa8as.—Doc. of 1746 in N.Y.
Doc. Col. Hist., x, 51, 1858. 8ta8as.—Denonville
(1688), ibid., 1x, 384, 1855. Outaouats.—Doc. of 1757,
ibid., X, 630, 1858. Outaouaus,—Doc. of 1691, ibid.,
1X, 521, 1855. Outaouax.—La Barre (1683), ibid., 201.
Outaouays.—Writer of 1690 in Margry, Déc., 1,
59, 1875. Outaoues.—Frontenac (1682) in N. Y.
Doce. Col, Hist., 1X, 176, 1855. Outaotiois—Courcel-
les (1670), ibid., 788. Outa80is.—Doc. of 1695, ibid.,
611. Outaoutes.—Lamberville (1684), ibid., 259.
Outa8uas.—Beauharnois (1744), ibid., 1112. Outao-
vaes.—Crepy, Map, ca.1755. Outaovas.—Hennepin
(1683) in Harris, Voy., 11, 917,1705. Outaowaies.—
Boudinot, Star in the West, 212,1816. Outarwas.—
Lords of Trade (1721) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., v,
621, 1855. Outauaes.—Frontenac (1682), ibid., rx,
180, 1855. Outauas.—Denonville (1686), ibid., 295.
Outauies.—Parkman, Pioneers, 347, 1883. Outau-
ois.—Frontenac (1682) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., rx,
182, 1885. Outavis.—Writer of 1761 in Mass. Hist.
Soe. Coll., 4th s., 1X, 428, 1871. Outavois.—Tonti
(1694) in Margry, Déc., Iv, 4, 1880. Outawacs.—
Courcelles (1671) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., rx, 79,
1855. Outawais.—Jefferys, Fr. Dom., pt. 1, 47, 1761.
Outawas.—Talon (1670) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,
IX, 65, 1855. Outawase.—Doc. of 1671, ibid., rx,
84, 1855. Outawawas.—Writer of 1756 in Mass.
Hist. Soc. Coll., lst s., VI, 117, 1801. Outaway.—
Charlevoix, Voy. to N. Am., II, 47, 1766. Outa-
wies.—Boudinot, Star in the West, 100, 1816.
Outawois.—Doc. of 1746in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist.,
X, 34, 1858. Outduaois.—Bouisson (1699) quoted
by Shea, Early Voy., 45, 1861. Outeonas.—Chau-
vignerie (1736) quoted by Schooleraft, Ind.
Tribes, I11, 554, 1853. Outimacs.—Imlay, West.
Ter., 292, 1797. Outontagans.—Lahontan (1703)
in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 1x, 606, note, 1855. Out-
ouacks.—Coxe, Carolana, 46, 1741. Outouacs.—
N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 111, 489, note, 1853. Out-
ouais.—Parkman, Pioneers, 347, 1883. Outoua-
ouas.—St Cosme (ca. 1700) in Shea, Early Voy.,
47, 1861. Outouvas.—Perkins and Peck, Annals
of the West, 33, 1850. Outowacs.—Jefferys, Fr.
Dom., pt. 1, map, 1761. Outtamacks.—Croghan
(1765) in Monthly Am. Jour. Geol., 272, 1831.
Outtaois.— Vaudreuil (1703) inN. Y. Doc.Col. Hist.,
TX, 743, 1855. Outtaouacts—Hennepin, Cont. of
New Discoy.,129,1698. Outtaouatz.—Ibid.,85. Out-
ta8es.—De Calliéres (1700) in N. Y. Doc. Col.Hist.,
IX, 708, 1855. Outtaouis.—Vaudreuil (1707), ibid.,
810. Outtauois.—Vaudreuil (1704), ibid., 760. Out-
tawaats.—Parkman, Pioneers, 347, 1883. Outta-
was.—Denonville (1686)in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., 1x,
300,1855. Outtoaets.—Parkman, Pioneers, 347,1883.
Outtouatz.—Hennepin, New Discoy.,87,1698. Son-
taouans.—Doc. of 1691 in N. Y. Doce. Col. Hist., rx,
518, 1855 (confounded with the Seneca). Tawaa.—
Campbell (1760) in Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll., 4th s.,
IX, 357,1871. Tawas.—Bouquet (1760), ibid., 322.
Tawaws.—Trader of 1778 quoted by Schoolcraft,
Ind. Tribes, 111, 560, 1858. Taways.—Croghan
(1760) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., rx, 275,
1871 (Delaware form). Touloucs.—Lamberville
(1686) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., 111, 489, 1853 (mis-
print). Towako.—Walam Olum (1833) in Brinton,
Lenape Leg., 206, 1885 (old Delaware name).
Towakon.—Ibid.,198. Traders.—Schooleraft, Ind.
Tribes, V, 145, 1855. Uda’/wak.—Gatschet, Penob-
scot MS., B. A. E., 1887( Penobscot name). Ukua/-
yata.—Gatschet, Wyandot MS., B. A. E., 1877
(Huron name). Utaobaes.—Barcia, Ensayo,
297, 1723. Utawas.—La Tour, Map, 1779. Utawa-
was.—Colden (1727), Five Nations, 22, 1747. Uto-
vautes.—Barcia, Ensayo, 236, 1723. Uttawa.—
Colden (1764) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., vu, 667,
1856. Waganhaers.—Doc. of 1699, ibid., rv, 565,
1854. Waganhaes.—Livingston (1700), ibid., 691.
OTTER TAIL—OUACHITA
[B. A. B.
Waganha’s.—Hunter (1710), ibid., vy, 168, 1855
(‘stammerers’: Iroquois name). Waganis.—
Markham (1691), ibid., 111, 808, 1853. Wagannes.—
Bleeker (1701), ibid., rv, 891, 1854. Wagenhanes.—
Wessels (1693). ibid., Iv, 61,1854. Wagunha.—Col-
den (1727), Five Nations, 108, 1747. Wahannas.—
Romer (1700) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., rv, 799, 1854.
Watawawininiwok.—Baraga, Eng.-Otch. Dict., 300,
1878 (trans.: ‘men of the bulrushes’; so called
because many rushes grew in Ottawa r.).
Wdowo.—Abnaki Spelling Book (1880) quoted in
Me. Hist. Soc. Coll., v1, 247, 1859 (Abnaki name),
W’tawas.—Heckewelder in Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll.,
2d s., X, 128, 1823.
Otter Tail. A band of the Pillager
Chippewa on White Earth res., Minn.,
numbering 726 in 1906.
Otusson (probably from titastin, ‘bench’
or ‘platform’ in the lodge.—W. J.) A
former Chippewa village, taking its name
from a chief, on upper Huron r. in Sanilac
co., Mich., on a reserve sold in 1837.
Otzagert, Peter. See Otsiquette.
Otzenne (‘intermediate people’).
BUILDING AND SMOOTHING PROCESSES
297
of life forms—men, beasts, birds, and
fishes; and the grotesque was much af-
fected. Aside from plastic embellish-
ment, the vases were decorated in color,
and more especially in incised and
stamped designs, those on the Gulf coast
presenting slight suggestions of the influ-
ence of the semi-
civilized cul-
tures of Yuca-
tan, Mexico, and
the West Indies.
The pottery of
the tribes of the
n. Atlantic states
and Canada con-
sists mainly of
simple culinary
utensils, mostly
round or conical
bodied bowls
and pots deco-
rated with angu-
lar incised lines
and textile im-
printings. The
best examples
are recovered
from burial
places in central-
southern New Yorkand northern Pennsyl-
yania—the region occupied from the earli-
est times by the Iroquois. Theclay tobacco
a b
MOUND WARE. 4. WISCONSIN} HEIGHT 62 IN. 2, SOUTH CAROLINA;
HEIGHT 5 IN.
pipes of this section are unusually inter-
esting, and display decided skill in mod-
eling, although this work has been in-
MOUND WARE, ARKANSAS,
HEIGHT 10 IN.
fluenced to some extent by the presence
of the whites (Holmes). The- practical
298
absence of pottery from the Pacific states
and British Columbia is noteworthy.
POTTERY
i
[B. A. EB.
Cushing in 4th Rep. B. A. E., 1886; Del-
lenbaugh, North Americans of Yester-
The few rude vessels found in centraland day, 1901; Evers in Cont. St Louis Acad.
southern Cali-
fornia are be-
lieved to be of
somewhat late
origin, and may
be due to the
influence of the
Pueblo. tribes
on the gE. The
principal earth-
en relies of well-
determined an-
tiquity are clay
pellets, probab-
ly intended for
use in slings, labret-like forms, beads,
etc., obtained from mounds in the San
Joaquin valley
(Holmes). Ac-
cording to Culin,
clay pellets are
still used by the
Pomo with the
sling for hunting
birds. Theearly
and very general
use of basketry
and of stone ves-
sels in this re-
gion may have
operated to re-
tard the deyvel-
ANCIENT PUEBLO COILED WARE.
a
opment of the potter’s art.
favorable to the
development of
this art, al-
though speci-
mens of rude
earthenware are
obtained from
mounds and
other sites in
New Brunswick
(Matthew and
Kova, danae) 2) estas
Lakes provinces
(Boyle), the
a
MOUND WARE, NORTH CAROLINA.
L N. of the
Canadian boundary conditions were not
49 in.j 0, HEIGHT 33 IN.
b
CORD AND NET DECORATION.
Gl, HEIGHT 12 1N.; Dy HEIGHT 6 IN-
@, HEIGHT
IROQUOIS, PENNSYLVANIA
Red r. country (Montgomery), and in
Alaska as far as Pt Barrow (Murdoch).
ESKIMO, ALASKA.
(NELson)
Nelson describes the
manufacture of pot-
tery at St Michael,
on Norton sd., and
Hough mentions the
occurrence of earth-
enware lamps in the
Yukon valley and on
St Lawrenceid. See
Art, Ornament.
Consult Abbott,
Prim. Indus., 1881;
Ann. Archzeol. Reps. Ontario, 1888-1907;
Beauchamp in Bull. N. Y. State Mus.;
IROQUOIS, VERMONT
Sci., pt. 1, 1880;
Fewkes (1) in
17th Rep. B. A.
E., 1898, (2) in
22d Rep. B. A.
E., 1903; Foster,
Prehist. Races,
1878; Fowke,
Archeeol. Hist.
Ohio, 1902; Har-
rington in Am.
Anthrop., x, no.
4, 1908; Harri-
son in Proc. and
Coll. Wyoming
Hist. and Geol. Soc., 1886; Holmes (1)
in Bull. Geog. and Geol. Sury. Terr., 1,
no. 1, 1876, (2)
in 3d Rep. B. A.
E., 1884, (3) in
4th Rep. B. A.
E., 1886, (4) in
20th Rep. B. A.
E., 1903; Hough
in Rep. Nat.
Mus. 1901, 1902;
. C. Jomes;
Antiq. So. Inds.,
1873; J. Jonesin
Smithson.
Cont.; aga
1876; Matthew
in Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunswick,
-no. 3, 1884; Matthew and Kain, ibid.,
v, no. 23, 1905;
Mills in Ohio
Archeol. and
Hist. 2Qiaaes
x1, no. 2, 1904;
Moore, various
reports on ex-
plorations, in
Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci, Phullae,
1894-1908;
Moorehead,
Prehist. Impls.,
1900; Morgan,
League Iroq., 1904; Murdoch in 11th
ANCIENT HOP] POLYCHROME WARE
Rep. B. A. E., 1894; Nelson in 18th Rep.
BULL. 30]
B. A. E., 1899; Nordenskiéld, Cliff Dwell-
ers of the Mesa Verde, 1893; Putnam in
Peabody Mus. Reps.; Read and Whittle-
sey in Ohio Centen. Rep., 1877; School-
craft, Ind. Tribes, I-v1, 1851-57; Squier
and Davis in
Smithson. Cont.,
1, 1848; J. Steven-
son (1) in 2d Rep.
MOUND VASES; HUMAN FORMS. , ARKANSAS; HEIGHT 6 IN.
1
b, MissouR!|; HEIGHT 94 IN.
B. A. E., 1883, (2) in 3d Rep. B. A. E.,
1884; M. C. Stevenson in 11th Rep. B. A.
E., 1894; Stites, Economics of the Iro-
quois, 1905; Thomas in 12th Rep. B. A.
E., 1894; Thruston, Antiq. Tenn., 1897;
ANCIENT PUEBLO WARE; DESIGNSIN BLACK ON WHITE GROUND
@, HEIGHT 8 IN.j 0, HEIGHT 6 IN.
Will and Spinden in Peabody Mus. Pa-
pers, ur, no. 4, 1906; Willoughby (1) in
Jour. Am. Folk-lore, x, no. 36, 1897, (2) in
Putman Mem. Vol., 1909; Wyman in
Mem. Peabody Acad. Sci., 1, no. 4, 1875.
(Ww. H. H.)
Pottery Hill. The local name of a pre-
historic pueblo ruin, oval in shape, meas-
uring 228 by 150 ft, situated on the n.
side of the Salt and Little Colorado r.
watershed, in the White mts., near Lin-
den, Navajo co., Ariz.—Hough in Nat.
Mus. Rep. 1901, 297, 1903.
POTTERY HILL—POWHATAN
299
Potzuye ( Po-tzu-ye). A prehistoric pue-
blo of the Tewa, on a mesa w. oi the Rio
Grande in n. New Mexico, between San
Ildefonso pueblo on the n. and the Rito
de los Frijoles on the s.—Bandelier in
Arch. Inst. Papers, tv, 78, 1892.
Pouches. See Bags, Receptacles.
Pouxouoma. A former Costanoan vil-
lage, said to have been connected with
San Juan Bautista mission, Cal.—Engel-
hardt, Franc. in Cal., 398, 1897.
Powcomonet. A village of the Powhatan
confederacy in 1608, on the n. bank of
Rappahannock r., in Richmond co., Va.—
Smith (1629), Va., 1, map, repr. 1819.
Powell. See Osceola.
Poweshiek (properly Pawishik¢, ‘he who
shakes [something] off [himself ],’ a mas-
culine proper name in the Bear clan, the
ruling clan of the Foxes). A Fox chief
at the period of the Black Hawk war in
1832. Itwas he, rather than Keokuk, to
whom was due the weakening of Black
Hawk’s fighting power. The tie which
held together the Sauk and Foxes had for
some time been growing weak, and when
Kwaskwamia, a subordinate Sauk chiei,
ceded away the Rock River country in
Illinois, without the knowledge or con-
sent of the rest of the people, Poweshiek
with most of the Foxes withdrew from
the others and crossed the Mississippi to
the vicinity of the present Davenport,
Jowa. When the fighting began they
were joined here by Keokuk and the
fleeing Sauk, and later also by the de-
feated hostiles, to whom they gave pro-
tection. Poweshiek died in Kansas. In
behalf of his tribe he signed the treaty
of Ft Armstrong, Rock Island, Ill., Sept.
21, 1832; treaties made in the same local-
ity, Sept. 27 and 28, 1836; Washington,
Oct, 21, 1837; and Sac and Fox agency,
Iowa, Oct. 11, 1842. A county of Iowa
takes its name from him. (w. J.)
Powhatan (Southern Renape pawéi ‘tan,
‘falls in a current’ of water.—Gerard).
A confederacy. of Virginian Algonquian
tribes. Their territory included the tide-
water section of Virginia from the Po-
tomac s. to the divide between James r.
and Albemarle sd., and extended into
the interior as far as the falls of the prin-
cipal rivers about Fredericksburg and
Richmond. They also occupied the Vir-
ginia counties B. of Chesapeake bay and
possibly included some tribes in lower
Maryland. In the piedmont region w.
of them were the hostile Monacan and
Manahoac, while on the s. were the
Chowanoe, Nottoway, and Meherrin of
Troquoianstock. Although little isknown
in regard to the language of these tribes,
it is believed they were more nearly re-
lated to the Delawares than to any of the
northern or more westerly tribes, and
were derived either from them or from
the same stem. Brinton, in his tentative
300
arrangement, placed them between the
Delawares and Nanticoke on one side
and the Pamptico on the other.
When first known the Powhatan had
nearly 200 villages, more than 160 of
which are named by Capt. John Smith
on his map. The Powhatan tribes were
visited by some of the earliest explorers
of the period of the discovery, and in
1570 the Spaniards established among
them a Jesuit mission, which had but a
brief existence. Fifteen years later the
southern tribes were brought to the
notice of the English settlers at Roanoke
id., but little was known of them until
the establishment of the Jamestown set
tlement in 1607. The Indians were
generally friendly until driven to hostil-
ity by the exactions of the whites, when
petty warfare ensued until peace was
brought about through the marriage of
Powhatan’s daughter to John Rolfe, an
Englishman. (See Pocahontas). A few
years later the Indians were thinned by
pestilence, and in 1618 Powhatan died
and left the government to Opechanca-
nough. The confederacy seems to have
been of recent origin at the period of
Powhatan’s succession, as it then included
but 7 of the so-called tribes besides his
own, all the others having been con-
quered by himself during his lifetime.
Opechancanough was the deadly foe of
the whites, and at once began secret
preparations for a general uprising. On
Mar. 22, 1622, a simultaneous attack
was made along the whole frontier, in
which 347 of the English were killed in
a few hours, and every settlement was
destroyed excepting those immediately
around Jamestown, where the whites had
been warned in time. As soon as the
English could recover from the first
shock, a war of extermination was begun
against the Indians. It was ordered
that three expeditions should be under-
taken yearly against them in order that
they might have no chance to plant
their corn or build their wigwams, and
the commanders were forbidden to make
. peace upon any terms whatever. A
large number of Indians were at one
time induced to return to their homes by
promises of peace, but all were massacred
in their villages and their houses burned.
The ruse was attempted a second time,
but was unsuccessful. The war went on
for 14 years, until both sides were ex-
hausted, when peace was made in 1636.
The greatest battle was fought in 1625
at Pamunkey, where Gov. Wyatt de-
feated nearly 1,000 Indians and burned
their village, the principal one then ex-
isting.
Peace lasted until 1641, when the Indians
were aroused by new encroachments of
the whites, and Opechancanough, then
an aged man, organized another general
POWHATAN
[B. A. E.
attack, which he led in person. In a
single day 500 whites were killed, but
after about a year the old chief was taken
and shot. By his death the confederacy _
was broken up, and the tribes made sepa-
rate treaties of peace and were put upon
reservations, which were constantly re-
duced in size by sale or by confiscation
upon slight pretense. About 1656 the
Cherokee from the mountains invaded
the lowlands. The Pamunkey chief with
100 of his men joined the whites in re-
sisting the invasion, but they were almost
all killed in a desperate battle on Shocco
cr., Richmond. In 1669 a census of the
Powhatan tribes showed 528 warriors,
or about 2,100 souls, still surviving, the
Wicocomoco being then the largest tribe,
with 70 warriors, while the Pamunkey
had become reduced to 50.
In 1675 some Conestoga, driven by
the Iroquois from their country on the
Susquehanna, entered Virginia and com-
mitted depredations. The Virginian
tribes were accused of these acts, and
several unauthorized expeditions were led
against them by Nathaniel Bacon, a num-
ber of Indians being killed and villages
destroyed. The Indians at last gathered
in a fort near Richmond and made prep-
arations for defense. In Aug., 1676,
the fort was stormed, and men, women,
and children were massacred by the
whites. The adjacent stream was after-
ward known as Bloody run from this cir-
cumstance. Thescattered survivorsasked
peace, which was granted on condition of
an annual tribute from each village. In
1722 a treaty was made at Albany by
which the Iroquois agreed to cease their
attacks upon the Powhatan tribes, who
were represented at the conference by
four chiefs. Iroquois hostility antedated
the settlement of Virginia. With the
treaty of Albany the history of the Pow-
hatan tribes practically ceased, and the
remnants of the confederacy dwindled
silently to final extinction. About 1705
Beverley had described them as ‘‘almost
wasted.’”? They then had 12 villages, 8 of
which were on the Eastern shore, the
only oneof consequence being Pamunkey,
with about 150souls. Those on the East-
ern shore remained until 1831, when the
few surviving individuals, having become
so much mixed with negro blood as to be
hardly distinguishable, were driven off
during the excitement caused by the slave
rising under Nat Turner. Some of them
had previously joined the Nanticoke.
Jefferson’s statement, in his Notes on
Virginia, regarding the number and con-
dition of the Powhatan remnant in 1785,
are very misleading. Herepresents them
as reduced to the Pamunkey and Matta-
pony, making altogether only about 15 ~
men, much mixed with negro blood, and
only a few of the older ones preserving
BULL. 30]
the language. The fact is that the de-
scendants of the old confederacy must
then have numbered not far from 1,000,
in several tribal bands, with a consider-
able percentage still speaking the lan-
guage. They now number altogether
about 700, including the Chickahominy,
Nandsemond, Pamunkey, and Mattapony
(q. v.), with several smaller bands.
Henry Spelman, who was prisoner among
the Powhatan for some time, now in the
house of one chief and then in that of
another, mentions several interesting cus-
toms. The priests, he says, shaved the
right side of the head, leaving a little
lock at the ear, and some of them had
beards. The common people pulled out
the hairs of the beard as fast as they
grew. They kept the hair on the right
side of the head cut short, ‘‘that it
might not hinder them by flappinge
about their bowstringe when they draw
it to shoott; but on ye other side they
let it grow and haue a long locke hang-
inge doune ther shoulder.’’ Tattooing
was practised to some extent, especially
by the women. Among the better sort
it was the custom, when eating, for the
men to sit on mats round about the
house, to each of whom the women
brought a dish, as they did not eat to-
gether out of one dish. Their marriage
customs were similar to those among
other Indian tribes, but, according to
Spelman, ‘‘ye man goes not unto any
place to be married, but ye woman is
brought unto him wher he dwelleth.”’
lf the presents of a young warrior were
accepted by his mistress, she was con-
sidered as having agreed to become his
wife, and, without any further explana-
tion to her family, went to his hut,
which became her home, and the cere-
mony was ended. Polygamy, Spelman
asserts, was the custom of the coun-
try, depending upon the ability to pur-
chase wives; Burk says, however, that
they generally had but one wife. Their
burial customs varied according to local-
ity and the dignity of the person. The
bodies of their chiefs were placed on
scaffolds, the flesh being first removed
from the bones and dried, then wrapped
with the bones in a mat, and the remains
were then laid in their order with those of
others who had previously died. For
their ordinary burials they dug deep holes
in the earth with very sharp stakes, and,
wrapping the corpse in the skins, laid it
upon sticks in the ground and covered it
with earth.
They believed in a multitude of minor
deities, paying a kind of worship to
everything that was able to do them
harm beyond their prevention, such as
fire, water, lightning, and thunder, ete.
They also had a kind of chief deity vari-
ously termed Okee, Quioccos, or Kiwasa,
POWHATAN
301
of whom they made images, which were
usually placed in their burial temples.
' They believed in immortality, but the
special abode of the spirits does not ap-
pear to have been well defined. The
office of werowance, or chieftaincy, ap-
pears to have been hereditary through
the female line, passing first to the
brothers, if there were any, and then
to the male descendants of sisters, but
never in the male line. The Chicka-
hominy, it is said, had no such custom
nor any regular chief, the priests and
leading men ruling, except in war, when
the warriors selected a leader.
According to Smith, ‘‘ their houses are
built like our arbors, of small young
sprigs, bowed and tied, and so close
covered with mats or the bark of trees
very handsomely, that notwithstanding
wind, rain, or weather they are as warm
as stoves, but very smoky, yet at the
top of the house there is a hole made for
the smoke to go into right over the fire.”’
According to White’s pictures they were
oblong, with a rounded roof (see Habita-
tions). They varied in length from 12 to
24 yds., and some were as much as 36 yds.
long, though not of great width. They
were formed of poles or saplings fixed in
thegroundatregularintervals, which were
bent over from the sides so as to form an
archat the top. Pieces running horizon-
tally were fastened with withes, to serve
as braces and as supports for bark, mats,
or other coverings. Many of their towns
were inclosed with palisades, consisting
of posts planted in the ground and stand-
ing 10 or 12 ft high. The gate was usu-
ally an overlapping gap in the circuit _
of palisades. Where great strength and
security were required, a triple stockade
was sometimes made. These inclosing
walls sometimes encompassed the whole
town; in other cases only the chief’s
house, the burial house, and the more im-
portant dwellings were thus surrounded.
They appear to have made considerable
advance in agriculture, cultivating 2 or
3 varieties of maize, beans, certain kinds
of melons or pumpkins, several varieties
of roots, and even 2 or 3 kinds of fruit
trees.
They computed by the decimal system.
Their years were reckoned by winters,
cohonks, as they called them, in imita-
tion of the note of the wild geese, which
came to them every winter. They di-
vided the year into five seasons, viz, the
budding or blossoming of spring; earing
of corn, or roasting-ear time; the sum-
mer, or highest sun; the corn harvest,
or fall of the leaf, and the winter, or
cohonk. Months were counted as moons,
without relation to the number in a year;
but they arranged them so that they re-
turned under the same names, as the
moon of stags, the corn moon, first and
302
second moon of cohonks (geese), etc.
They divided the day into three parts,
‘‘the rise, power, and lowering of the
sun.’? They kept their accounts by knots
on strings or by notches on a stick.
The estimate of population given by
Smith is 2,400 warriors. Jefferson, on
the basis of this, made their total popu-
lation about 8,000.
The tribes, in the order of their loca-
tion on Smith’s map, were as follows:
Tauxenent, Fairfax co.; Potomac, Staf-
ford and King George cos.; Cuttatawo-
men, King George co.; Pissasec, King
George and Richmond cos.; Onawmani-
ent, Westmoreland co.; Rappahannock,
Richmond co.; Moraughtacund, Lancas-
ter and Richmond cos.; Secacawoni,
Northumberland co.; Wicocomoco,
Northumberland co.; Nantaughtacund,
Essex and Caroline cos.; Mattapony,
Mattapony r.; Mummapacune, York r.
(mentioned by Strachey); Pamunkey,
King William co.; Werowocomoco, Glou-
cester co.; Piankatank, Piankatank r.;
Pataunck (mentioned by Strachey) and
Youghtanund, Pamunkey r.; Chicka-
hominy, Chickahominy r.; Powhatan,
Henrico co.; Arrohattoc, Henrico co.;
Weanoc, Charles City co.; Paspahegh,
Charles City and James City cos.; Chis-
kiac, York co.; Kecoughtan, Elizabeth
City co.; Appomattoc, Chesterfield co.;
Quioucohanoc, Surry co.; Warrasqueoc,
Isle of Wight co.; Nansemond, Nanse-
mond co.; Chesapeake, Princess Anne
co.; Accohanoc, Accomac and North-
ampton cos.; Accomac, Northampton co.
Several other names appear in later times
as the broken tribes formed new combi-
nations.
The following were Powhatan villages:
Accohanoec, Aeccomac, Acconoc, Acco-
queck, Accossuwinck, Acquack, Anaske-
noans, Appocant, Appomattoc, Arrohat-
toc, Askakep, Assaomeck, Assuweska,
Attamtuck, Aubomesk, Aureuapeugh,
Cantaunkack, Capahowasic, Cattachip-
tico, Cawwontoll, Chawopo, Checopisso-
wo, Chesakawon, Chesapeak, Chicones-
sex, Chincoteague, Chiskiac, Cinquack,
Cinquoteck, Cuttatawomen (1), Cuttata-
women (2), Gangasco, Kapawnich, Kera-
hocak, Kiequotank, Kupkipcock, Mach-
apunga (1), Machapunga (2), Mama-
nahunt, Mamanassy, Mangoraca, Man-
toughquemec, Martoughquaunk, Massa-
woteck, Matchopick, Matchut, Matho-
mauk, Matomkin, Mattacock, Mattacunt,
Mattanock, Maysonec, Menapucunt,
Menaskunt, Meyascosic, Mohominge,
Mokete, Moraughtacund, Mouanast, Mut-
chut, Muttamussinsack, Myghtuckpassu,
Namassingakent, Nameroughquena, Nan-
semond, Nantapoyac, Nantaughtacund,
Nawacaten, Nawnautough, Nechanicok,
Nepawtacum, Onancock, Onawmanient,
POWHATAN
[B. A. B.
Opiscopank, Oquomock, Orapaks, Otta-
chugh, Ozatawomen, Ozenic, Pamacocac,
Pamawauk, Pamuncoroy, Pamunkey,
Papiscone, Pasaughtacock, Paspahegh,
Paspanegh, Passaunkack, Pastanza, Paw-
cocomac, Peccarecamek, Piankatank, Pis-
sacoac, Pissasec, Poruptanck, Potaucao,
Potomac, Powcomonet, Powhatan, Poyek-
tauk, Poykemkack, Pungoteque, Quack-
cohowaon, Quioucohanock, Quiyough,
Rappahannock, Rickahake, Righkahauk,
Ritanoe, Roscows, Secacawoni, Secobec,
Shamapa, Skicoak, Sockobeck, Tantuc-
quask, Tauxenent, Teracosick, Utenstank,
Uttamussac, Uttamussamacoma, Waconi-
ask, Warrasqueoc, Weanoc, Wecuppom,
Werawahon, Werowacomoco, Wicocom-
oco, Winsack.
In addition to the authorities found in
Arber’s edition of Smith’s Works, con-
sult Mooney, Willoughby, Gerard, and
Bushnell in Am. Anthrop., rx, no. 1,
1907. (3. M.)
Pouhatan.—Hennepin, Cont. of New Discov., map,
1698. Powhatan.—Dela Warre(1611)in Mass. Hist.
Soe. Coll., 4th s., 1x, 5, 1871. Powhatanie confed-
eracy.—Kingsley, Stand. Nat. Hist., pt. 6, 151, 1885.
Powhattans.—Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soe.,
II, civ, 1848. Sachdagugh-roonaw.—Ibid., 59 (Iro-
quoisname). Sachdagughs.—Ibid.
Powhatan. The ruling chief and prac-
tically the founder of the Powhatan con-
federacy (q. v.) in Virginia at the period
of thefirst Englishsettlement. His proper
name was Wahunsonacock, but he was
commonly known as Powhatan from one
of his favorite residences at the falls of
James r. (Richmond). According to
Smith, of some 30 cognate tribes subject
to his rule in 1607, all but six were his
own conquests. At the time of the com-
ing of the English, Powhatan is repre-
sented to have been about 60 years of age,
of dignified bearing, and reserved and
stern disposition. His first attitude to-
ward the whites was friendly although
suspicious, but hesoon became embittered
by the exactions of the newcomers. On
the treacherous seizure of his favorite
daughter, Pocahontas (q. v.), in 1613, he
became openly hostile, but was happily
converted for the time through her mar-
riage to Rolfe. He died in 1618, leaving
the succession to his brother, Opitchapan,
who however was soon superseded by a
younger brother, the noted Opechan-
canough (q. v.). (J. M.)
Powhatan. The tribe which gave name
to the Powhatan confederacy. Its terri-
tory was in what is now Henrico co., Va.,
and the tribe numbered about 150 in 1608.
The chief of the tribe at the time the
English commenced the settlement at
Jamestown was called Wahunsonacock,
but was commonly known to the whites
as Powhatan from his place of residence,
and the name was extended to the con-
federacy. (3. M.)
BULL. 30]
Powhatan. The village of the Powhatan
tribe, situated on the nN. bank of James
r., Va., atthe falls, on ground now form-
ing an eastern suburb of the city of Rich-
mond.
Powitch. A western nameofthe Oregon
crab-apple (Pyrus rivularis), known also
as powitch-tree, from péwitsh, the Chinook
name of this plant, through the Chinook
jargon. (A. F.C.)
Powow. Atermtowhichisnowassigned
the following meanings: 1. A medicine-
man. 2. Theconjuringofamedicine-man
overa patient. 3. A dance, feast, or noisy
celebration preceding a council, expedi-
tion, or hunt. 4. A council. 5. A con-
ference. Themostrecent use bythe whites
is in the sense of a political conference or
talk. It is now used both as a noun and
asaverb. In Narraganset powdw and in
Massachuset pauwau, cognate with the
Micmac bi’ uin, signifies priest, wizard,
magician. As Bartlett (Dict. of Ameri-
canisms, 488, 1877) remarks, ‘‘the name
was also given by the early chronicles to
the feasts, dances, and other public do-
ings of the red men, preliminary to a
grand hunt, a war expedition, or the
like,’’ and was soon adopted by the whites
‘tin political talk, to signify any uproar-
ious meeting, etc.’’ In certain parts of
the Southern states the terms ‘‘ powow
doctor,’’ and ‘‘to powow,’’? meaning to
practise witchcraft, are still in use.
Brinton (Lenape Leg., 71, 1885) correctly
considers this Algonquian word to be
from the same root as Chippewa bawéd-
na, ‘he dreams of him,’ and the Cree
pdwdmiw ‘he dreams,’ the powow ob-
taining his art from dreams. The Mass-
achuset pauwau, ‘he uses divination,’
would then mean, more primitively, ‘he
dreams.’ (A, FG.)
Poxen. Mentioned, in connection with
Puaray, apparently as a pueblo of the
Tigua (q.v.) of New Mexico in 1598.—
Ofiate (1598) in Doc. Inéd., xv1, 115, 1871.
Poyektauk. A village of the Powhatan
confederacy in 1608, on the nN. bank of the
Rappahannock, in Richmond co., Va.—
Smith (1629), Va., 1, map, repr. 1819.
Poygratasuck. See Pogatacut.
Poyi. The Chaparral-cock or Road-
runner clan of Zuni, New Mexico. It is
nearly if not quite extinct.
Poéye-kwe.—Hodge in Am. Anthrop., rx, 349, 1896
(kwe=‘people’). Péyi-kwe.—Cushing in 13th
Rep. B. A. E., 368, 1896 (given as ‘‘Grouse or Sage-
cock people’).
Poykemkack. A village of the Powha-
tan confederacy in 1608, on the n. bank of
the Rappahannock, in Richmond co.,
Va.—Smith (1629), Va.,1, map, repr. 1819.
Prairie Band of Potawatomi. The divi-
sion of the Potawatomi formerly residing
s. of L. Michigan, in Wisconsin, Illinois,
and Indiana. Theyadhered more closely
to their old ways than the bands of the
POWHATAN—PRAYER
303
Wabash, the St Joseph, and Huron. Some
authors have supposed them to be the
old Mascoutens. The majority of them,
numbering 676 in 1908, are now in Kansas,
but a large number are still scattered over
s. Wisconsin. See Potawatomi.
Bluff Indians.—Clarke in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1855,
97, 1856. M’shkudan’/nik.—Gatschet, Potawatomi
MS., B. A. E., 1878 (Potawatomi name). Pota-
watamie tribe of Indians of the prairie.—Tippecanoe
treaty (1832) in U. S. Ind. Treat., 697, 1873.
Prairie Kickapoo. The Kickapoo for-
merly livingin £. Illinois, called the Prairie
band to distinguish them from the Ver-
milion band on the Wabash.
Kickapoos of the prairies—Am. St. Papers, Ind.
Aff., 135, 1832. Seeairia Indians.—Shea, Cath.
Miss., 395, 1855.
Prairie la Crosse. A Winnebago village
in s. E. Wisconsin to which Black Hawk
fled in1832.—Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. 5, 158,
1848.
Prairie Ronde. A Potawatomi village
about the boundary of the present Cass
and Van Buren cos., s. w. Michigan, on a
tract of land ceded to the United States
by the treaty of St Joseph, Mich., Sept.
19, 1827.
Prayer. In their endeavors to secure the
help of the supernatural powers, the In-
dians, as wellas other peoples, hold prin-
cipally three methods: (1) The powers
may be coerced by the strength of a ritu-
alistic performance; (2) their help may
be purchased by gifts in the form of sac-
rifices and offerings; or (3) they may be
approached by prayer. Frequently the
coercing ritualistic performance and the
sacrifice are accompanied by prayers; or
the prayer itself may take a ritualistic
form, and thus attain coercive power.
In this case the prayer is called an incan-
tation. Prayers may either be spoken
words, or they may be expressed by
symbolic objects, which are placed so
that they convey the wishes of the wor-
shipper tothe powers. The rituals of the
Plains tribes and those of the Pueblos
contain many prayers. Thus inthe Hako
ceremony of the Pawnee occurs a prayer-
song in which the father of the powers is
invoked to send needed help; in the Sun
dance (q. v.) of the Arapaho occur prayers
to the ‘‘Man-Above’’ for assistance in the
performance of the ceremony; the Zuni
ceremonials contain prayers for rain, food,
and health; the Hupa of California offer
a prayer accompanying their ceremonials
asking for health. Prayers accompany-
ing rituals are rather rare on the N.
Pacific coast. Very often prayers accom-
pany sacrifices. They are given when
tobacco smoke is offered to the gods;
they accompanied bloody sacrifices of the
Pawnee and the Iroquois, as well as the
sacrifices of pollen among the Navaho.
Prayers of this kind very commonly ac-
company the sacrifice of food to the souls
of the deceased, as among the Algonquian
304 PRAYER
tribes, Eskimo, and N.W. coast Indians.
The custom of expressing prayers by
means of symbolic objects is found princi-
pally among the Southwestern tribes (see
Prayer sticks). Prayersareoften preceded
by ceremonial purification, fasting, the
use of emetics and purgatives, which are
intended tomakethe person praying agree-
able to the powers. Among the North
American Indians the prayer cannot be
considered as necessarily connected with
sacrifice orasasubstitute forsacrifice, since
inagreat many cases prayers forgood luck,
for success, for protection, or for the bless-
ing of the powers, are offered quite inde-
pendently of the idea of sacrifice. While
naturally material benefits are the object
of prayer in by far the majority of cases,
prayers for an abstract blessing and for
ideal objects are not by any means ab-
sent. Among the northern Californian
tribes and among the Eskimo the prayer
is often pronounced in a set form, the
effectiveness of which is not due to the
willingness of the supernatural powers to
take pity on the mortal, but to the set
form in which the prayer is delivered,
the prayer formula or the incantation
being a charm by means of which the
fulfillment of the prayer can be secured.
The incantation may be effective through
its power to coerce the supernatural
powers to comply with the wish of the
person praying, or it may act as a charm
which gives fulfillment by its own inher-
ent power. The Indians pray not only to
those supernatural powers which are con-
sidered the protectors of man—like the
personal guardians or the powers of na-
ture—but also to the hostile powers that
must be appeased. See Ceremonies, My-
thology, Religion, Sacrifice. (F. B. )
Prayer sticks. Sticks to which feath-
ers are attached, used as ceremonial
supplicatory offerings. The most familiar
prayer sticks are those made by the
Pueblo Indians of New Mexico and Ari-
zona, who use them extensively for a
definite purpose, but analogous objects
representing the same idea are employed
in the ceremonies of nearly all American
tribes. A great variety of prayer sticks
of different sizes are employed by the
Pueblos, though perhaps the greatest
number measure the length of the hand
with fingers extended, differing in form,
number, painting, and carving, and hav-
ing different kinds of feathers and objects
attached to them, according to their des-
tination and the person or persons offer-
ing them.
The making of prayer sticks among the
Pueblos is a complicated ceremony, hay-
ing a multitude of minute details to be
observed. Cord of native cotton is used
to attach the feathers, herbs, meal, etc.,
to the sticks, which, as a rule, are made
STICKS [B. A. B.
of cottonwood shoots. The feathers are
those of particular birds, and they must
be perfect and come from particular parts
of the plumage. The paints used must
be ceremonially gathered, prepared,
and applied. In paho-making even the
refuse—chips of wood, ends of cord,
etc.—is disposed of in a prescribed man-
ner. Prayer sticks are often consecrated
by being moistened with medicine,
sprinkled with sacred meal, and fumi-
gated with tobacco, and by other rites;
and after prayers have been breathed
into them they are sent out in the hands
of messengers to be deposited in shrines,
springs, or fields. Prayer sticks for
family offerings are made on the occa-
sion of ceremonies and are deposited also
by authorized persons. Individual offer-
ings of prayer sticks are also made.
The sticks to which the plumes are
attached indicate the gods to whom the
prayers are offered, and the feathers con-
vey to the gods the prayers which are
breathed into the spiritual essence of
the plumes. This conception is material-
ized in the ‘‘ breath feather,’’ generally
the downy plume of the eagle. Prayers
are also breathed into sacred meal, pol-
len, and other objects offered.
The idea of feeding the gods is ex-
pressed by one form of the Hopi prayer
stick, the pdho, ‘ water prayer,’ to which
a small packet of sacred meal is tied.
The prayer stick may be regarded asa
symbolic substitute for human sacrifice
(Fewkes in 16th Rep. B. A. E., 297,
1897). Prayer sticks, nearly always
painted green or blue, are frequently
found with the dead in ancient Pueblo
cemeteries, and great deposits of them
occur in ceremonial caves in s. Arizona.
Navaho and Apache prayer sticks are
similar to those of the Pueblos. The
ornamented wands placed in the sod of
the Pawnee Hako altar, and the feath-
ered wands planted round the skull of
the buffalo in the Cheyenne sun dance
are examples of prayer sticks, and the
Eskimo make use of similar wands. The
so-called prayer stick of the Kickapoo
was a mnemonic device for Christian
prayer.
Consult Fewkes, Tusayan Snake Cere-
monies, 1897; Fletcher, The Hako: A
Pawnee Ceremony, 1904; G. A. Dorsey,
Arapaho Sun Dance, 1903; Dorsey and
Voth in Field Columb. Mus. Pubs., An-
throp. ser.; Mason in Science, VII, no.
179, 1886; Matthews, (1) Mountain Chant,
1887, (2) Night Chant, 1902; Mooney,
Ghost Dance Religion, 1896; Nelson in
18th Rep. -B. A. E., 414, 415, 1897; Sol-
berg, Uber die Bahos der Hopi, in Archiv
fiir Anthropologie, 1v, 48-74, 1905; M. C.
Stevenson, (1) The Sia, 1893, (2) The
Zuni Indians, 1905. (w. H.)
BULL. 80] PRAYING INDIANS—PRESERVATION OF COLLECTIONS
Praying Indians. Indians of different
tribes who accepted the teachings of the
missionaries, Catholic Iroquois, Moravian
Indians, and, more especially, those In-
dians of b. Massachusetts and the adja-’
cent region who were organized into
Christian congregations by John Eliot
and hissuccessors. The missionary work
was begun by Eliot in 1646at Nonantum,
a small village a few miles from Boston.
His efforts were so successful that he soon
had a considerable number of converts,
who removed in 1650-51 to Natick, where
a tract was reserved for them, and a new
town was established under English reg-
ulations. These converts were some of
the remnants of the Massachuset. The
powerful tribes of the Wampanoag, Nar-
raganset, and especially the Mohegan
opposed the work and generally refused
to allow the missionaries within their
territories. The work went on rapidly
along the §. coast and on the islands. In
a few years the greater part of the na-
tives of Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket
were classed as Christians, while there
were also numerous congregations on the
peninsula ©. of Buzzards bay and others
in the interior farther n. In 1674, just
before the outbreak of King Philip’s war,
there were in 5. Massachusetts, excluding
the peninsula, 7 principal praying towns:
Hassanamesit, Magunkaquog, Nashobah,
Natick, Okommakamesit, Punkapog, and
Wamesit. There were also 7 new pray-
ing towns in the Nipmuc country, whose
inhabitants had more recently been
brought under missionary influence:
Chabanakongkomun, Manchaug, Manex-
it, Wacuntug, Pakachoog, Quantisset,
and Wabaquasset. The last three were
in N. E. Connecticut. Wamesit, and per-
haps Nashobah, were within the territory
of the Pennacook, the others being occu-
pied by the Massachuset and Nipmuc.
The 14 villages numbered about 1,100
souls. Around Plymouth and on C.
Cod were about 500 more, distributed
among 23 villages. Those in Nantucket
and Marthas Vineyard numbered per-
haps 1,000 more, and there were a few
others among the Mohegan. The entire
number of professed Christian Indians
in s. New England at the outbreak of
King Philip’s war was thus about 2,500.
When the general Indian rising occurred
in 1675, the Praying Indians found them-
selves in danger from both sides. The
hostiles viewed them as traitors and ren-
egades, while the whites despised them
fortheirapparent weakness and suspected
them to be secret allies of the enemy.
The contemptuous treatment and harsh
dealing of the English had already ren-
dered the converts restive, and the result
was that a great part of them joined the
3456—Bull. 30, pt. 2—07——20
305
enemy, the inhabitants of several villages
going off in a body. The others offered
their services to the English, who ac-
cepted the help of a few, but had those
remaining in the 7 original praying towns
removed to an island in Boston harbor
until the war was ended. These were
soon reduced to 300 souls by starvation
andexposure. The war practically ended
the mission work. In 1682 only 4 of the
14 first-named praying towns remained,
and only about 300 of their 1,100 inhab-
itants. The Indians k. of Buzzards bay
also suffered, though in a less degree, but
from their isolated position had generally
remained quiet. Those on Marthas Vine-
yard and Nantucket refrained from hostil-
ities, mainly on account of their affection
for the missionary, Mayhew. After the
dispersion or destruction of the more pow-
erful tribes through this war, the remain-
ing Indians ceased.to be of importance,
and the term ‘‘ Praying Indians’’ lost its
distinctive meaning. (J. M.)
Precaute. An Abnaki village in 1602
on the n. E. coast of Maine.—Purchas
(1625) in Me. Hist. Soe. Coll., v, 156, 1857.
Preguey. Mentioned asa pueblo of the
province of Atripuy (q. v.), in the region
of the lower Rio Grande, N. Mex., in
1598.—Ofiate (1598) in Doe. Inéd., xv1,
115, 1871.
Presentacién. A former settlement on
the w. side of the Rio Colorado, in Lower
California, doubtless belonging to the so-
called Quiquima (Quigyuma), visited by
Father Kino in Noy. 1701.—Bancroft,
No. Mex. States, 1, 497, 1884.
Preservation of Collections. Fur, skin,
feathers, woolen fabrics, and other or-
ganic materials subject to attack by in-
sects enter so largely into ethnological
collections that much attention is given
to their preservation. Specimens are
first subjected to the vapor of gasoline in
an air-tight receptacle, where they may
remain for several hours, after which they
are removed and aired. Gasoline used
freely will not injure specimens, and is
efficient in destroying the eggs, larve,
and adults of all insects, as well as molds
and other low forms of life. The second
step is dampening the sterilized speci-
mens with a solution of corrosive subli-
mate, made by dissolving one-fourth
ounce of bichloride of mercury in a
pint of alcohol and adding a pint of
soft water. A brush is used to apply the
solution, which is used sparingly on col-
ors that will ‘‘run.’’ Some specimens
may be dipped in the solution, but deli-
cate articles are sprayed by means of an
atomizer. Experience and judgment are
necessary in the use of the poisonous and
explosive preservatives. Before speci-
mens having feathers, fur, or the like be-
306
come quite dry they are brushed, rubbed,
and shaken to restore them to their for-
mer condition. Specimens that have
been poisoned are kept under observation
for some time in order to ascertain the
thoroughness of the treatment, which
sometimes must be repeated. Gnawing
insects are quickly detected by the drop-
pings which fall from the specimens at-
tacked. In the spring, cases are tested
by the introduction of a little formalde-
hyde, which drives the insects from their
hiding places. Specimens in which or-
ganic material is used for mounting or
hafting receive careful attention to insure
the thorough penetration of the poison
to every part of the joints or interstices.
Fur skins retaining animal oilsarecleaned
and made pliable by a taxidermist, who
macerates them in a solution of equal
parts of saltpeter, alum, borax, and Glau-
ber’s salt in water (2 oz. of each to the gal-
lon) for 2 weeks, stirring once in a while.
When removed, the skins are washed and
worked tilldry. Furriers steep and scour
pelts in a bath of alum, bran, and salt to
remove grease from the skin, and then in
a bath of soap and soda to remove oil
from the fur. By this process the skin is
tanned.
The most difficult pests to eradicate are
the wood-boring insects, which prey upon
baskets, sapwood, and wood containing
fecula. For plain wooden articles baking
is necessary, followed by treatment with
corrosive sublimate, as described above.
In some museums specimens are sub-
jected to dry heat in a sterilizing oven.
The dangers of gasoline are thus avoided.
But all specimens can not be treated by
heat, and when specimens are placed in
the oven in masses the heat does not suf-
ficiently penetrate the interior to kill
germs. Baskets, if soiled from use, may
be scoured with a stiff brush and soap
and water previous to fumigation and
poisoning. They may also, when dry,
be rubbed with a preparation made by
dissolving an ounce of paraffin in a pint
of turpentine and adding a little drying
oil. This gives a slight gloss to the sur-
face, brings out the design, and repels
insects. It will also preserve, to some
extent, unglazed pottery from dust and
the effects of dampness, which sometimes,
especially in mortuary pottery, cause ex-
foliation and the ultimate destruction of
the vessels. In more serious cases vessels
may be submerged in gasoline containing
6 oz. of paraffin to the gallon. Sam-
ples of foodstuffs and food preparations
are placed in glass jars, a little gasoline
is poured into each, and the jars are
tightly closed. Moth balls may subse-
quently be placed in the jars. Moth balls
of crude naphthol may be laid among
specimens, some of which may have spots
PRESERVATION OF COLLECTIONS
[B. A. B.
to which the poison has not adhered.
Except in nearly air-tight spaces, how-
ever, moth balls do not protect unpoi-
soned articles from attacks of insects, while
camphor, tobacco, pepper, and essential
oils are practically valueless. It is found
of advantage to brush the interior of draw-
ers where specimens are stored with cor-
rosive sublimate solution to prevent the
harboring of insects in the corners and
crevices, where they commonly undergo
metamorphosis. Flags or other textiles
of historic or ethnologic value which are
fragile may be preserved by dampening
them with a weak solution of alum and
gum arabic in water. The alum pre-
serves the colors and the gum arabic
gives strength. Such specimens should
be draped on wire netting or some other
suitable support. Specimens of animal
or vegetal origin must generally be
poisoned to prevent the attacks of
insects, placed in dust-proof cases, kept
dry, and in some instances guarded
against direct sunlight or strong re-
flected light, and against extremes of
heat and cold.
Spears, swords, and other objects of iron
are oiled with kerosene to soften rust,
which then easily yields to gentle scraping
withaknife blade. This is followed bya
rubbing with emery cloth until the metal
is clean, since the discolored layer beneath
is the seat of continued oxidation. When
clean, the metal is coated with the tur-
pentine- paraffin solution and _ lightly
wiped. Objects eaten by rust are warmed
and dipped in the solution. Ifthe objects
are thin and fragile, they must be han-
dled with care until the solution dries.
The same treatment is given to exfoliat-
ing or verdigrised bronzes. Ancient
pottery having incrustations on the exte-
rior and chemical infiltrations is dipped
in a 1-to-5 mixture of commercial muri-
atic acid in water, washed for 2 hours in
plenty of pure water, and dried.
Among numerous materials used for re-
pairing, cements and glues are important.
For wooden articles a mixture of equal
parts of white and brown glue, applied
hot, suffices, or some of the trade liquid
glues may be used. Plaster casts are
mended with shellac dissolved in alcohol.
Objects of stone, bone, shell, glass, por-
celain, earthenware, etc., are preferably
mended with casein cement.
Consult Hough, Preservation of Mu-
seum Specimens from Insects and the
Effects of Dampness, Rep. U. 8. Nat.
Mus. 1887, 1889; Hrdlicka, Directions for
Collecting Information and Specimens for
Physical Anthropology, Bull. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., No. 39, 1904; Jones in Am. An-
throp., vu, no. 4, 1905; Wilder, ibid., v1,
no. 1, 1904; Willoughby, ibid., x, no. 2,
1908. (w. H.)
BULL. 30]
Presumpscot (commonly interpreted
‘river of many shallows,’ but more prob-
ably derived in part from ompsk ‘stone,’
ut the locative). An unidentified Abnaki
tribe or subtribe on Saco r., Me.; perhaps
the Sokoki or Wawenoc.
Presumscott.—Sullivan in Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll.,
Ist s., IX, 210, 1804.
Prickaway. One of the Dieguefio ran-
cherias represented in the treaty of 1852
at Santa Isabel, s. Cal.—H. R. Ex. Doc.
76, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 132, 1857.
Priests. See Chiefs, Medicine and Medi-
cine-men, Religion, Secret societies, Shamans
and Priests, Social organization.
Prietos (Span.: prieto, ‘dark,’ hence
‘dark ones’). Given in 1794 by Father
José Aguilar as a subtribe of the Jarana-
mes (Aranama). Twelve of the Prietos
were then in Espiritu Santo de Zuniga
mission, Texas, with Jaranames, Tami-
ques, and others, all said to be subdivi-
sions of the Jaranames (Portillo, Apuntes
para la Historia Antigua de Coahuila y
Texas, 308, 1888). (a. E. B.)
Prisoners. See Captives.
Problematical Objects. There are sey-
eral groups or classes of prehistoric art
objects, mainly of stone, many of them
of wide distribution, the purpose and
significance of which are not fully deter-
mined. The possible uses, however,
have been much discussed, and in a few
cases the solution has become so nearly
complete that the groups have been with-
drawn from the problematical class. In
archeological literature some of these
groups of objects are referred to as
**ceremonials,’’? but, besides having a
distinct and well-established application,
this term is inappropriate, since there
is no absolute assurance that the objects
were used ceremonially. At the same
time there is a strong probability that
many of them had such use as a _pri-
mary or a secondary function. It is
equally clear that some of them served
practical purposes. These groups of ob-
jects have been variously named from
their form or supposed use, but in the
absence of definite knowledge respecting
their use or purpose it seems better, so
far as possible, to assign names suggested
by form only, as these are not seriously
misleading and serve the purposes of
classification and description. As our
knowledge increases and uses become
known, appropriate names will readily
be suggested.
The namesemployed for the more fully
segregated groups, most of which are al-
ready in use, are Banner stones, Bird-
stones, Boat-stones, Cache disks and
blades, Cones, Cupstones, Discoidal
stones (chunkey stones?), Footprint
sculptures, Hook-stones, Hemispheres,
Inscribed tablets, Notched plates, Duck
PRESUMPSCOT——-PROBLEMATICAL OBJECTS
307
tablets, Pierced tablets (gorgets?), Plum-
mets, Pulley-stones (ear ornaments? ), Per-
forated stones (digging weights?), Spade-
stones (ceremonial axes?), Spineback
stones, Spools, Tubes (cupping tubes?).
See the articles under these heads respec-
tively. The hyphen used in this list indi-
cates the omission of the word ‘‘shaped.”’
To this list could be added numerous
less fully differentiated groups of objects
in chipped and polished stone, in clay,
bone, shell, wood, and metal, the signifi-
cance and use of which can as yet only be
surmised. Some of these are of formal
and others of eccentric shape, while many
represent men, beasts, and monsters; in
fact, nearly all classes of prehistoric sculp-
tured life forms could be assigned to the
problematical class, since the motives
which led to their manufacture, the
particular significance atiached to them,
and the manner of their use, are and
must remain largely subjects of con-
jecture. It is also true that many of
the things of common use, as ornaments,
implements, and pipes, have had asso-
ciated with them ideas of a mystic nature
known only to the individual or to the
social or religious group to which they
pertained. Asalready stated, some of the
objects included in the list given above
probably served practical uses, but ob-
jects designed for a definite practical use
are necessarily measurably uniform in
pattern and size, while many of the groups
of objects under discussion show almost
limitless variation as if subject to the free
play of fancy, untrammeled save by those
nebulous or plastic ideas that clusterabout
a primitive symbol of general use. It
would appear also that some specimens
were employed on occasion in practical
work for which they were not originally
intended, while others had their origin
in implements of utility and probably re-
tained in part their original functions;
but in the majority of instances they
doubtless had definite, well-established
functions or purposes, the history of which
is connected with the history of native
religious beliefs and practices. The ma-
jority, however, can be interpreted, in a
general way, through knowledge of the
employment by historic tribes of similar
classes of objects, variously referred to
as amulets, charms, divinatory and gam-
ing devices, emblems, fetishes, insignia,
luck stones, medicine stones, symbols,
talismans, tutelaries, etc. Thisaffords but
little aid, however, since full and clearex-
planations regarding the ceremonial and
sacred objectsof living peoples are difficult
to obtain, if obtainable at all. This is
exemplified by objects of such widespread
use as the calumet, in very general use
among the eastern tribes in colonial days,
and the mysterious ‘‘coppers’’ cf the
308
N. W. coast tribes, many of which have
been handed down for generations and
appear to be but imperfectly understood
even by their present owners.
It may be observed, however, that none
of these groups of objects can owe their
origin to the play of fancy merely, for
individual selections of talismans and
tutelary deities are made at random and
do not constitute or develop into groups
of objects of well-established and wide-
spread types with numerous variants.
Such established types must be the out-
' growth of customs of wide extent and
affecting a large body of people. That
some of the classes of objects devoted
to esoteric uses had their origin in com-
mon implements, as axes, clubs, sinkers,
mortars, pestles, etc., is highly proba-
ble, and it is equally likely that some
of them had not been divorced wholly
from their original application. Such
transfers from practical to symbolic use
are common with primitive peoples, the
process being an easy and a natural one.
It is not unlikely, therefore, that some
of these classes of objects, exhibiting
marked diversity of form, size, and finish,
had multiple offices, serving on occasion
or with different communities as imple-
ments, ornaments, and symbols. Itmay
fairly be assumed, also, that such of these
objects as embody conventional life forms
had their origin in some animal fetish,
totem, or other form of mythological
symbol.
Most of the objects here referred to
have been described and discussed by
various writers, especially in archeolog-
ical and other scientific journals, as the
American Anthropologist, American An-
tiquarian, Antiquarian, Archeologist,
Wisconsin Archeologist, Science, Amer-
ican Naturalist, ete.; in publications of
institutions, societies, and the Govern-
ment, as reports of the Smithsonian In-
stitution, National Museum, Bureau of
American Ethnology, Geographical and
Geological Surveys, American Museum
of Natural History, Peabody Museum of
Archeology and Ethnology, Free Museum
of Science and Art of the University of
Pennsylvania, New York State Museum,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia, American Ethnological Society,
Ohio Archzeological and Historical Soci-
ety, Canadian Institute, Education De-
partment of Ontario, etc.; and in various
works most of which are referred to in
the articles treating of the individual va-
rieties of problematical objects. Promi-
nent among the latter are Abbott, Prim.
Indus., 1881; Ann. Archzeol. Reps. On-
tario, 1888-1907; Brown in Wis. Archeol.,
11, no. 1, 1902; Clark, Prehist. Remains,
1876; Foster, Prehist. Races, 1878; Fowke,
Archeeol. Hist. Ohio, 1902; Jones, Antiq.
PROJECTILES—-PROPERTY AND PROPERTY RIGHT
[3. A. B.
So. Inds., 1873; MacLean, Mound Build-
ers, 1879; Moorehead, (1) Prehist. Impls.,
1900, (2) Bird-stone Ceremonials, 1899;
Peabody in Bull. Mus. Univ. Pa., m1, no.
3, 1901; Read and Whittlesey, Ohio Cen-
ten. Rep., 1877; Thruston, Antigq. of
Tenn., 1897; Yatesin Bull. Santa Barbara
Soc. Nat. Hist., 1, no. 2,1890. (Ww. H. H.)
Projectiles. See Bows, Arrows, and
Quivers; Rabbit sticks; Slings; Throwing
Sticks.
Property and Property right. Broadly
speaking, Indian property was personal.
Clothing was owned by the wearer,
whether man, woman, or child. Weap-
ons and ceremonial paraphernalia be-
longed to the man; the implements used
in cultivating the soil, in preparing food,
dressing skins, and making garments and
tent covers, and among the Eskimo the
lamp, belonged tothe women. In many
tribes all raw materials, as meat, corn,
and, before the advent of traders, pelts,
were ‘also her property. Among the
tribes of the plains the lodge or tipi was
the woman’s, but on the N. W. coast the
wooden structures belonged to the men
ofthefamily. Communal dwellings were
the property of the kinship group, but
individual houses were built and owned
by the woman. While the land claimed
by a tribe, often covering a wide area, was
common to all its members and the entire
territory was defended against intrud-
ers, yet individual occupancy of garden
patches was respected. (See Land tenure. )
In some instances, as among the Nayaho,
a section of territory was parceled out
and held as clan land, and, as descent in
the tribe was traced through the mother,
this land was spoken of by members of
the clan as ‘‘my mother’s land.’? Upon
such tract the women worked, raising
maize, etc., and the product was recog-
nized as their property. The right of
a family to gather spontaneous growth
from a certain locality was recognized,
and the harvest became the personal
property of the gatherers. For instance,
among the Menominee a family would
mark off a section by twisting in a pecu-
liar knot the stalks of wild rice growing
along the edge of the section chosen; this
knotted mark would be respected by all
members of the tribe, and the family
could take its own time for gathering the
crop. On the Pacific slope, as among the
Hupa, varying lengths of river shore
were held as private fishing rights by
heads of families, and these rights passed
from father to son, and were always re-
spected. Clan rights to springs and tracts
of land obtained among the Pueblos. The
nests of eagles were also the property of
the clan within whose domain they were
found. The eagle never permanently left
the vicinity of the nest where it was born,
BULL. 30]
so, although the bird remained in freedom,
it was regarded as the property of the clan
claiming the land on which its nest was
situated. This claim upon the eagles held
good after the clan had left the region and
built a new village even 40 m. away.
(See Eagle.)
Names (q. v. ) were sometimes the prop-
erty of clans. Those bestowed on the in-
dividual members, and, as on the N. W.
coast, those given to canoesand to houses,
were owned by ‘‘families.’”? Property
marks were placed upon weapons and im-
plements by the Eskimo and by the In-
dian tribes. A hunter established his
claim to an animal by his personal mark
upon the arrow which inflicted the fatal
wound. Among both the Indiansand the
Eskimo it was customary to bury with the
dead those articles which were the per-
sonal property of the deceased, either man
orwoman. Insome of the tribes the dis-
tribution of all the property of the dead,
including the dwelling, formed part of the
funeral ceremonies. There was another
class of property, composed of arts, trades,
cults, rituals, and ritual songs, in which
ownership was as well defined as in the
more material things. For instance, the
right to practise tattooing belonged to cer-
tain men in the tribe; the right to say or
sing rituals and ritual songs had to be pur-
chased from their owner or keeper. Oc-
casionally a spectator with quick memory
might catch a ritual or a song, but he
would not dare to repeat what he remem-
bered until he had properly paid for it.
The shrine and sacred articles of the clan
were usually in charge of hereditary keep-
ers, and were the property of the clan.
The peculiar articles of a society were in
the custody of an appointed officer; they
were property, but could not be sold or
transferred. Songs and rites pertaining
to the use of healing herbs were property,
and their owner could teach them to an-
other on receiving the prescribed pay-
ment. The accumulation of property in
robes, garments, regalia, vessels, utensils,
ponies, and the like, was important to
one who aimed at leadership. To ac-
quire property a man must be a skilful
hunter and an industrious worker, and
must have an able following of relatives,
men and women, to make the required
articles. All ceremonies, tribal festivi-
ties, public functions, and entertainment
of visitors necessitated large contributions
of food and gifts, and the men who could
meet these demands became the recip-
ients of tribal honors. (See Potlatch.)
Property right in harvest fieldsobtained
among the tribes subsisting mainly on
maize or on wild rice. Among the Chip-
pewa the right in wild-rice lands was not
based on tribal allotment, but on occu-
pancy. Certain harvest fields were habit-
PROPHETS
309
ually visited by families that eventually
took up their temporary or permanent
abode at or near the fields; no one dis-
puted their ownership, unless an enemy
from another tribe, in which case might es-
tablished right. Among the Potawatomi,
according to Jenks, the people ‘‘always
divide everything when want comes to
the door.”
Consult Boas in Rep. Nat. Mus. 1895,
1897; McGee in 15th Rep. B.-A. E.,1897;
Fletcher in Pub. Peabody Mus., Harvard
Univ.; Fewkes in Am. Anthrop., 1, 690,
1900; Goddard in Univ. of Cal. Pub., 1,
no. 1, 1903; Jenks in 19th Rep. B. A. E.,
1900; Mindeleff in 17th Rep. B. A. E.,
1898. (Anc@s Fe)
Prophets. From time to time in every
great tribe and every important crisis of
Indian history we find certain men rising
above the position of ordinary doctor,
soothsayer, or ritual priest to take upon
themselves an apostleship of reform and
return to the uncorrupted ancestral be-
lief and custom as the necessary means to
save their people from impending de-
struction by decay or conquest. In some
cases the teaching takes the form of a
new Indian gospel, the revolutionary
culmination of a long and silent develop-
ment of the native religiousthought. As
the faithful disciples were usually prom-
ised the return of the earlier and happier
conditions, the restoration of the dimin-
ished game, the expulsion of the alien
intruder, and reunion in earthly exist-
ence with the priests who had preceded
them to the spirit world—all to be
brought about by direct supernatural in-
terposition—the teachers have been
called prophets.
While all goes well with the tribe the
religious feeling finds sufficient expres-
sion in the ordinary ritual forms of tri-
bal usage, but when misfortune or de-
struction threatens the nation or the race,
the larger emergency brings out the
prophet, who strives to avert the disaster
by molding his people to a common pur-
pose through insistence upon the sacred
character of his message and thus fur-
nishes support to the chiefs in their plans
for organized improvement or resistance.
Thus it is found that almost every great
Indian warlike combination has had its
prophet messenger in the outset, and if
all the facts could be known we should
probably find the rule universal.
Among the most noted of these abo-
riginal prophets and reformers within
our area, all of whom are noted else-
where under the appropriate titles, are:
Popé, of the Pueblo revolt of 1680; the
Delaware prophet of Pontiac’s con-
spiracy, 1762; Tenskwatawa, the Shaw-
nee prophet, 1805; Kanakuk, the Kicka-
poo reformer, 1827; Tavibo, the Paiute,
310
1870; Nakaidoklini, the Apache, 1881;
Smohalla, the dreamer of the Columbia,
1870-1885; and Wovyoka, or Jack Wilson,
the Paiute prophet of the Ghost Dance,
1889 and later. Consult Mooney, Ghost
Dance Religion; in 14th Rep. B. A. E.,
pt. m1, 1896. (5. M.)
Proqueu. A former village, presumably
Costanoan, connected with Dolores mis-
sion, San Francisco, Cal.—Taylor in Cal.
Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861.
Proven. An Eskimomissionary station
in w. Greenland.— Kane, Arct. Explor., 11,
126, 1856.
Pructaca. A former village, presumably
Costanoan, connected with Dolores mis-
sion, San Francisco, Cal.—Taylor in Cal.
Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861.
Pruristac. A former village, presum-
ably Costanoan, connected with Dolores
mission, San Francisco, Cal.—Taylor in
Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861.
Psakethe ( Pishékéthé, ‘deer’). A gensof
the Shawnee.
Pishekethe.—Wm. Jones, inf’n, 1906(correctform).
Psake-the’,—Morgan, Anc. Soc., 168, 1877.
Psaupsau. A small tribe represented
at San Antonio de Valero mission, Texas,
in the 18th century.
Pseudo-Indian. As ‘‘pseudo-Indian’”’
may be included forgeries of American
Indian objects, implements, etc., on the
one hand, and, on the other, objects, im-
plements, etc., imitative of or closely re-
sembling real American Indian things
into whose manufacture the idea of for-
gery does not necessarily enter. These
“‘pnseudo-Americana’’ have been the sub-
ject of much archeological discussion, and
some very patent frauds have long man-
aged to maintain their existence in the
field or the museum. Objects manu-
factured for trade purposes in imitation
of real Indian articles belong here also.
Of some of these last, Indians themselves
have been the makers. There might be
mentioned the imitations of European
objects in American material, which,
however, are rather pseudo-European
than pseudo-American. According to
McGuire (Rep. Nat. Mus. 1897, 493, 1899),
alarge number of the tobacco pipes of the
American aborigines are in part or wholly
pseudo-American—‘‘in almost every pipe
of the Iroquoian area may be traced
forms distinctly copied from European
sources.’? Pseudo-American also are the
‘*trade pipes,’’ ‘‘trade tomahawks,”’ ete.
This view of the pseudo-American char-
acter of many Indian pipes is not shared
by David Boyle, who, however, considers
many of the wampum belts now in exis-
tence to have been ‘‘entirely made by
Europeans, with just enough ‘Indian’ in
the make-up to make them pass muster
among the natives for commercial and
treaty purposes’’ (Archeeol. Rep. Ontario,
PROQUEU—PSEUDO-INDIAN
[B. A. BL
55, 1901; 28, 1903). Beauchamp follows
Morgan and Brinton in thinking that
with the Iroquois ‘‘no existing belts an-
tedated the Dutch settlement and trade”
(Bull. N. Y. State Mus., 340, Mar. 1901).
After the colonization of New York, wam-
pum beads were manufactured by the
European settlers in prodigious quantities
for trade and treaty purposes. Several of
the aboriginal names of Long Island refer
to its importance as a wampum center.
In 1844 wampum was still manufactured
by whites in New Jersey and sold to In-
dian traders of the far W., and the best of
this article was still made at Babylon,
L. I., in 1850, according to Beauchamp.
The great spread of the use of wampum,
like that of tobacco, has been thought to
be due to white influence. Beauchamp
(Archeeol. Rep. Ontario, 86, 1903) does
not consider the bone combs found in the
state of New York as really aboriginal,
believing that ‘‘no New York or Canadian
Indian ever made a bone comb until he
had European hints.’’ Boyle takes an
opposite view. Forged and pseudo-Amer-
ican flintimplements, pottery, and steatite
images are well known to archeologists.
An interesting account of the achieve-
ments of one man in the making of spu-
rious fishhooks, spear and arrow points,
cutting implements, etc., in Wisconsin,
is given by Jenks (Am. Anthrop., n. s.,
11, 292-96, 1900), while those of a man
in Michigan who has attempted to pro-
duce objects with a biblical meaning have
been exposed by Kelsey (Am. Anthrop.,
x, no. 1, 1908). Several centers of manu-
facture of ‘‘antiquities’’ have been dis-
covered by the experts of the Bureau of
American Ethnology in various parts of
the country. As pseudo-American may
be classed the numerous pictographic
frauds and controverted pictographs,
especially those cited by Mallery (10th
Rep. B. A. E., 759-67, 1893). Among
these may be mentioned the Kinderhook
(Ill.) copper plates, the Newark (Ohio)
inscribed stone, the Pemberton (N. J.)
inscribed stone ax, the Grand Traverse
(Mich.) inscribed stone, the inscribed
stone maul from Isle Royal (Mich.),
and probably also such ‘‘mound builders’
relics’? as the famous Grave cr. stone.
In this class may also be placed the
Abbé Domenech’s ‘‘ Manuscript picto-
graphique Américain,’’ published in
1860, which Petzholdt, the German ori-
entalist, declared to be ‘‘ only scribbling
and incoherent illustrations of a local
German dialect’’ (Pilling, Algonq. Bibl.,
114, 1891). Pseudo-American may also
be called those ‘‘pictographs’’ due to
weathering and other natural causes,
such as those in New Brunswick de-
scribed by Ganong (Bull. Nat. Hist. Soe.
N. B., 175-78, 3304), and, according to
BULL. 30]
Mallery, the pictured rocks of Monhegan
(Me.), the mica plates of Sandusky, etc.
Mallery also observes (p. 759): ‘‘ With
regard to more familiar and portable arti-
cles, such as engraved pipes, painted
robes, and like curios, it is now well
known that the fancy prices paid for
them by amateurs have stimulated their
unlimited manufacture by Indians at
agencies, who make a practice of sketch-
ing upon ordinary robes or plain pipes
the characters in common use by them,
without regard to any real event or per-
son, and selling them as significant rec-
ords.’’ The wood and stone arts of the
Haida have also suffered from forgery and
imitation.
There is even a pseudo-American lan-
guage, the so-called Taensa of Parisot, of
which an alleged grammar and vocabu-
lary were published in Paris in 1882.
The evidence seems to prove this docu-
ment an entire fabrication (see Brinton,
Essays Am., 452, 1890; Swanton in Am.
Anthrop., x, no. 1, 1908). See Popular
fallacies. (A. F. Ge)
Psinchaton (‘village of red wild rice’).
An unidentified Dakota tribe or band in
Minnesota, one of the divisions of the
so-called Sioux of the West.—Le Sueur
(1700) in Margry, Déc., v1, 87, 1886.
Psinoumanitons (‘village or gatherers of
wild rice’). A Dakota tribe or band,
probably in Wisconsin, one of the divi-
sions of the Sioux of the East.—Le Sueur
(1700) in Margry, Déc., v1, 86, 1886.
Psinoutanhinhintons (‘the great wild-
rice village’). A Dakota tribe or band
in Minnesota, a division of the so-called
Sioux of the West.
Psinontanhinhintons.—Shea, Early Voy., 111, 1861.
Psinoutanhhintons.—Neill, Hist. Minn., 170, 1858.
Psinoutanhinhintons,—Le Sueur (1700) in Margry,
Déc., VI, 87, 1886.
Psiseva. See Pipsissewa.
Psychology. The psychological differ-
ences between the various divisions of
mankind have always been objects of
speculation and ingenious inference, but
out of it all has come little that can be
considered definite or satisfactory. Di-
rect positive data are scarcely to be had,
and the indirect dataavailable are farfrom
sufficient fordefiniteconclusions. Hence,
the specific question of psychological dif-
ferences between Indians and other races
is still an unsolved problem. There are,
however, certain points of view and some
suggestive data that may be discussed
under three heads:
A. Observation by psychologists.
B. Observations by teachersand other
officials.
C. Evidences of differences, observ-
able in culture.
A. Modern psychology has developed
experimental methods for the study of
differences in mental life, practically all
PSINCHATON—PSYCHOLOGY
311
of which can be successfully applied to
representatives of the various races. The
probability that differences will be found
among them has been greatly increased
by the work of Myers, Rivers, and Mc-
Dougall, members of the Cambridge An-
thropological Expedition to Torres straits,
since the Papuans as tested for visual
acuity, color vision, visual spatial per-
ception, auditory acuity, upper limit of
hearing, smallest perceptible tone-differ-
ence, olfactory acuity, discrimination of
odor-strengths, memory and discrimina-
tion of odors, delicacy of tactile discrimi-
nation, localization of points touched,
temperature spots, sensibility to pain,
discrimination of small differences of
weight, degree of size-weight illusion, re-
action times, showed differences in most
cases from Whites. Unfortunately, we
have on record but one successful attempt
to apply the methods of psychology to
American natives. This is the work of
Prof. R. S. Woodworth and Dr F. G.
Bruner, upon such representatives of the
less civilized races as were on exhibition
at the Louisiana Exposition at St Louis
in 1904. A fulland comprehensive report
on the tests for hearing has been made
by Dr Bruner. He _ tested Indians,
Whites, Filipinos, Ainu, and Congo na-
tives as to the upper limit of hearing and
auditory acuity. The results for the right
ear in the test for the upper limit were as
follows:
No. Average
Congo natives .......----- 6 | 33,223 D. V. 2468
Wihitesa.ct csecte i auece ss 156 | 32,285 ‘* 2344
COCODB -2- 5 = weitere saie 2 10 | 32,123 “ 977
School Indians ........--- 63 | 31,975 ‘* 2663
Tehnelches.sescesc-es sees 3 | 30,240 ‘* 3551
Hilipinosso: scesescses sacs 97 | 29,916 ‘ 2180
PINS os pene eens eeen cca 7 | 28,846 ‘ 1873
We Waki WGloece cave sese ea 7 | 285296" f°" SPATS
The results for the left ear vary slightly
from the above; but not sufficiently to
make any material changes in the order
as given above. Though the differences
are small, the table, as a whole, indicates
that, while Indians are inferior to Whites
and Congo natives, they differ greatly
among themselves. In the tests for
acuity, the rank for the right ear was:
Whites, Cocopa, School Indians, Congo
natives, Tehuelche, Kwakiutl, Ainu,
Filipinos; for the left ear, Whites, Congo
natives, School Indians, Cocopa, Kwa-
kiutl, Ainu, Tehuelche, Filipinos. While
there is some shifting of position for the
left ear, the relative positions of Whites,
School Indians, and Filipinos remains the
same throughout. As due allowance has
been made for accidental variations in
making these tests, the results may be
312
regarded as reasonably certain. In gen-
eral, they indicate that, in the ability to
perceive high tones and to distinguish
faint sounds, the Indians are superior to
Filipinos, but inferior to Whites and
Congo natives.
In addition to the above, the results of
a few other tests have been reported.
Color blindness has been found in three
cases from a group of 250 which, so far as
it goes, does not differ much from the
proportion among the Whites. A few
tests in reaction-time, made by Witmer,
show the Indian superior to Whites and
American Negroes. As previously stated,
the results of these few tests suggest that,
with a more extended series, numerous
differences will be found between Indians
and other races, as well as between the
different tribes of Indians themselves.
On more general psychological grounds,
unusual tendencies to hysteria and simi-
lar psychic phenomena have been as-
signed to the Indian. This is made prob-
able by the readiness with which many
Indians yield to suggestion in disease,
jugglery, and religious activities, and has
been offered as a cause for the large part
played by the medicine-man on such oc-
casions. This impression, of course, con-
cerns Indians as compared to Whites, and
not to other less civilized races. (See
Physiology. )
B. Since the schools for Indians are
essentially the same as those used by
white children, the relative progress of
Indian and white children may be taken
as evidence of their respective mental
powers. However, a satisfactory com-
parative study of Indian children in the
school seems not to have been made; so
that we are forced to fall back upon
some general impressions and less direct
evidence. It has been asserted by teach-
ers in Indian schools that the children
under their charge showed more aptitude
and greater skill in many kinds of hand
work than was usually encountered
among white children of the same age.
This is often strongly asserted with re-
spect to drawing and penmanship. On
the other hand, no critical examination
of this point has been made, so that
judgment must be suspended. The gen-
eral experience has been that, when In-
dian children have passed normally from
our lower schools to the college and the
university, they average up to the level
of the Whites; but, again, many of the
cases cited are of mixed blood, and no
estimates have been made of the relative
number of failures to reach such a stand-
ard. Thus, while there is no direct evi-
dence that Indians can not do the work
of the school and of life as efficiently as
Whites, this fact can not be taken as
proof that they have the requisite abil-
PSYCHOLOGY
[B. A.B.
ity to the same degree. . The tests of Dr
Bruner on the Indians in the model
school at St Louis showed that, while in
the auditory sense these Indians were
superior to their unschooled representa-
tives, they were still inferior to Whites
selected at random. While it is true
that the data for hearing prove nothing
with respect to the other senses, they do
suggest the presence of differences so far
not overcome by education and a change
of environment. Hence, the question
must remain open until more data are
available.
In addition to these somewhat definite
systematic observations, we have the
opinions of educated persons resulting
from extended official or philanthropic
labors among the Indians. A general
statement of such opinions on the gen-
eral psychological characteristics of the
Indians has been given in the article on
Physiology, the import of which seems
to be that no definite differences exist
except perhaps in the objective form of
emotional reactions. Yet, so far, no one
seems to have collected enough individ-
ual statements from competent persons
to say what is the approximate consen-
sus of such opinion and, even if they had,
such a consensus could not be taken
alone as a satisfactory solution of the
problem.
C. It is customary to speak of the cus-
toms and thought prevailing among a
people as their culture. Since, in all cul-
tural activities, ideas and judgments play
important parts, it has often been assumed
that a detailed comparison of cultures
would reveal psychological differences be-
tween the peoples to whom the cultures
belonged. Indeed, some persons go so far
as to assert that the existence of cultural
differences necessitates the existence of
psychological differences. Yet when the
subjectis taken onits merits, several diffi-
culties areencountered. Inthefirst place,
some definite method of grading cultures
must be devised before satisfactory con-
clusions as to corresponding psychological
differencescan be formed. As yet, no con-
sistent way of grading as to higher and
lower has been found. Further, anthro- —
pologists now believe in the existence of a
tendency to conventionalize thought and
the association of ideas as.a factor in the
differentiation of culture. Such a tend-
ency appears when the symbolic art of
such tribes as the Arapaho, Dakota, and
Shoshoniare compared, each using similar
’ designs, but associated with different kinds
ofideas. Also,some claim has beenmade,
but on less definite grounds, that Indian
mythology as a whole is less closely asso-
ciated with creators and gods than is the
case with other peoples. In a more
general way, we find everywhere among
\
\
pur. 30]
the Indians a marked tendency to inter-
associate the sociological, religious, and
artistic aspects of their lives to such a
degreethat they canscarcely be unraveled.
This has sometimes been taken as one of
the most characteristic aspects of Indian
modes of thought. The claim is made,
however, that such conventions of
thought can notin themselves be taken as
indications of functional differences be-
tween the minds (as such) of Indians and
other races; since, on @ priori grounds,
what has become conventional or habitual
for one may in turn become conventional
foranother. This theory, thatall cultural
differences are in no wise due to psycho-
logical differences, but to causes entirely
external, or outside of the conscious life,
places the inherent worth of a Pigmy, an
Indian, a Mongol, and a European upon
the same level, and considers culture as
the sum of habits into which the various
groups of mankind have fallen. While
strong arguments in support of this inter-
pretation of culture are offered by many
anthropologists, together with plausible
reasons for doubting the existence of
’ fundamental psychological differences in
function, so far nothing has been brought
forward to render doubtful the existence
of psychological differences between races
analogous to those between individuals
among ourselves. Modern psychological
science is gradually solving the puzzle as
to the kind and degree of individual psy-
chological differences, and it isreasonable
to suppose that, when these investigations
have made more progress, the same meth-
ods may be successfully adapted to the
comparison of tribal and other ethnic
divisions of humankind.
In conclusion, it appears that we have
no satisfactory knowledge of the elemental
psychological activities among Indians,
because they have not been made the sub-
jects of research by trained psychologists.
On the other hand, it may be said that in
all the larger aspects of mental life they
are qualitatively similar to other races.
Consult Bruner, Hearing of Primitive
Peoples, 1908; Reports of the Cambridge
Anthropol. Exped. to Torres Straits, 0,
1901-03; Bache, Reaction Time with
Reference to Race, Psychol. Rev., 1, 475,
1895; Farrand, Basis of American His-
tory, 1904; Boas, Human Faculty as De-
termined by Race, Proc. Am. Ass’n Adv.
Sci., 1894; Hrdlicka in Bull. 34, B. A. E.,
1908. (c. w.)
Ptansinta (‘otter tail’; from ptan ‘otter’,
sinte ‘tail’). A former village of the San-
tee Sioux at the head of L. Traverse,
Minn.—Williamson in Minn. Geol. Rep.
for 1884, 110, 1885.
Pteyuteshni (‘eat no buffalo cows’).
A band of the Hunkpatina division of the
Yanktonai Sioux.
PTANSINTA—PU ARAY
“1871 (mission name).
313
Band that eats no buffalo.—Culbertson in Smith-
son. Rep. 1850, 141, 1851. Pte-yute-cni.—Dorsey
in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 218, 1897. Pte-yute-sni.—Ibid.
Ptolme. A tribe once mentioned (Hen-
ley in Ind. Aff. Rep., 511, 1854) as living
on Kingsr., Cal. It was probably Yokuts
(Mariposan).
Pualnacatup. A Chumashan village on
one of the Santa Barbara ids., Cal., proba-
bly Santa Rosa, in 1542.—Cabrillo, Narr.
(1542),in Smith, Colec. Doc. Fla. ,186,1857.
Puaray (‘village of the worm’). A
former pueblo of the Tigua, the ruins of
which have been identified by Bandelier
as those on a gravelly bluff overlooking
the Rio Grande in front of the s. por-
tion of the town of Bernalillo, N. Mex.
At the time of Coronado’s expedition
(1540-42) it was the principal settlement
of the province of Tiguex, and was known
to the chroniclers of the expedition by
the name of the province. It was one of
the two pueblos in which the Tigua took
refuge and fortified themselves against
the Spaniards during a siege of 50 days
(see Tigua), and was the seat of the mis-
sionary labors of two of the Franciscan
friars escorted to New Mexico in 1581 by
Francisco Sanchez Chamuscado, but who
were killed shortly afterward. Theiden-
tification of Puaray with the Tiguex vil-
lage of the Tiguex province of the chron-
iclers of Coronado’s expedition is deter-
mined by statements made by the Indians
to Espejo in 1583, and by the discovery
there by Ofate, in 1598, of a partially
effaced painting representing the murder
of the missionaries. It was the seat of the
mission of San Bartolomé, and had 200
inhabitants at the time of the Pueblo
revolt of 1680; but the pueblo was de-
stroyed before 1711, and was never re-
built. (¥. W. H.)
Coofer.—Mota-Padilla (1742), Hist. Nueva Galicia,
160, 1870 (ef. Bancroft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 55, 1889).
Coofert.—Ibid.,165. Paola.—Espejo misquoted by
Whipple, Pac. R. R. Rep., mi, pt. 3, 114, 1856.
Paray.—Jefferys,Am. Atlas, map5,1776. Pauray.—
Bowles, Map Am., 1784. Poala.—Espejo (1583) in
Hakluyt, Voy., m1, 468, 1600. Poalas.—Bancroft,
Ariz. and N. Mex., 135, 1889. Pruara.—Ladd, Story
of N. Mex.,79,1891. Puala.—Espejo (1583) in Doe.
Inéd., XV, 175, 1871. Puala.—Ofiate (1598), ibid.,
XVI, 208, 1871. Pualas.—Espejo (1583), ibid., xv,
112,1871. Puara.—Espejo quoted by Bancroft,
Ariz. and N. Mex., 135, 1889. Piardi.—Villagran,
Hist. Nueva Mex., 187, 1610. Puaray.—Onate (1598)
in Doe. Inéd., XVI, 109, 115,1871. Puary.—Doc. of
1681 quoted by Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers,
Iv, 169, 1892. Puray.—Vetancurt (1696) in Teatro
Mex., II, 312, 1871 (‘‘el nombre Puray quiere decir
gusanos, que es un género de que abunda aquel
lugar’’). Puruai.—Salmeron (1629) quoted by
Bancroft, Nat. Races, I, 600, 1882. Puruay.—Ban-
croft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 172, 1889. San Barto-
lomé.—Vetancurt (1696) in Teatro Mex., III, 512,
Sant Antonio de Padua.—
Ofiate (1598) in Doc. Inéd., xvI, 2&4, 1871 (first
saint nameapplied). Tehoua.—Schoolcraft, Ind.
Tribes, Iv, 40, 1854. Tigouex.—Coronado mis-
uoted by Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, Iv, 26, 1854.
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ABI, SOLOBV FG'OLZ “GSS ‘9 ABC PUL LST “FL “IBIN ‘6% “UBL ‘OQST ‘ZZ ‘ABIL ‘Gs “URL
OF6 ‘LFF
O8F ‘FOP
OCL ‘SSF
190 ‘FF
688 “GF
Teg ‘SF
8G ‘ZS
OGL ‘ESF
“BIUIOF[BD UL ATW v
i eG ay ed, ee eee as THOUROU RS TOODUBE | === ss ces ahiseass IPH NOW
‘uByodg ‘(sar u0 j0U ‘padst[BVy) XT[1910,p
pudsg ‘reuejny “(YSTAs}EyS) eugTy,.P IND |----- TTT sugTY,.p IND)
‘OHVAI
pisisisisis isle vi s/eleieininiese --OYONUIUIT AA ‘OYOBOT, ‘9J0dBD |----- "tte e "99997
‘OdVUOTOO
Pac Cee leise sis.c/ee Tse ==<\(BUITLA) OUORG.Y; BUILLA [>= 2" se Sens esi sar
*(TUULBYORTM ) TUUIUOT A,
‘(soUdIBIN],) sn ‘(synyOX ussy nog) uolsay
‘(OUOWT) BYORVOW ‘(TTOTTUILAA PUB “YOTYOIM
‘TYoest], ‘BYOT ‘BUlUIeyNYD ‘luwMruroyO)
SUBIPU[ JOATY SSuUIy ‘(Sol UO JOU) BIABY |**7*7*** “sree TOATT OTlay
‘THOA ‘TYBIBAA ‘poomMpoy ‘AoT[BA 10}}0g
‘(IMBULOYOV) JOATY Yd ‘TYBlISUION ‘oyRT
OTT ‘(neyUuoy) MOUND ‘(OUlOg) DAVY IBITO |"*"** srreoees KOTTBA PUNOY
RESERVATIONS [B. A. E.
376
“pool
-[BUN SA10¥ 20'FZ SULABIT ‘SUBIPUT LE 0} PO}JOT[B 910M SO10B 16'096 ‘(6FE-FZE ‘AIX XX)
906L ‘Tz OUNL JO JO’ JopUN PUB ‘SUBIPUT FR O} Po}O[[B O10 BVYSBIGON UL Sso10B
SO'PEL' pf PUBSVSUBY Ul Sar0V 16'Sh8'Z *(80G‘XIX) OLST ‘GT “Sn y puB ‘(16g “ITAX) ZL8T.
‘OL ounr JO $0B ‘(TAIT ‘I1X) TORT ‘GIB puB ‘(PLOT ‘X) FEST ‘STAB JO Sotvery
(*LOOL ‘IEXXX ‘OGL ‘G “ABI PUB ‘(606 ‘XXX ‘668182 Ged Jos}oy) “pe}orrrun
‘saroR Z9'00G ‘ONPISAL oY} {YOINYO 1OF 910¥B [ PUB ‘ADUISB PUB [OOYOS IOF PoaAdosor
SO10B GLE ‘SUBTPUT TIS 0} Poej,O][B So1OB GE'9gC'OL *(TEG AX) LOST ‘22 “Gog ‘jue
-ystnbutped JO A]VOI} :(T6TT ‘IIX) T98T ‘GL“AON pus ‘(ecg *xI) OPT ‘G OUNL JO SOI] BAIT,
(*L00T ‘IEXXX ‘E06T ‘§ “IB PUB ‘606 ‘XXX ‘668T ‘8z “9A
JO s}oV) ‘“pojorlvun ‘sare 1g"g6g ‘ANPISAL OY} ‘[ooyos PUB YOINYO OF poasdosot
S010B NZL ‘SUBIPUT SEZ O} PaqJOT[V So1OB GI9'SL “(E29 “ITIX) GOST ‘sz oUNL JO AJBoIT,
‘sosodind A10j9M19d PUB [OOTOS IO} PAAIOSAI S910¥B ZYT PUB ‘SUBIPU] EFT 0} Poz,OT[B
OIOM SA10B LL'89LTL “(TLL ‘X) TOST ‘9 “IRIN PUB ‘(690T *X) FEST “LL ABI JO SolBor],
(6 ‘XXX “L68T ‘L 9UNL JO}OYW) (‘UOT}OAS
‘surat 0} pred spood01d puv P[OS S]UIUTJOT[B JO 9OUB[B :890}}0[[B 0}
‘sasodind [OOYOS PUB AIBVUOISSTUL OF PAYOT[B ‘so10v YNZ ‘ONpIset |
“(COLT ‘11X) 6G8T ‘OT A[ne Jo Ayeary, |
yqUrU 99g)
ponsst s}u98yVd
OY} ‘SUBIPUT OOT 0} pa}OT[B 910A SOLOB [E'C6L'F
; : : _968T PUB ‘CEST “FEST “E68T ‘ZEST ‘888T ‘100
puv ‘Aine ‘oune ‘Egst ‘Z88T ‘OS8T ‘9Z8T ‘6981 ‘S98T ‘Z98T ‘COST ‘2G8T JO Spood *(6FL
‘IAXX) T68T ‘SI ‘God JO Jow pus ‘(209 ‘AIX) JOST ‘Z “IBIN JO Joveag ‘asvyoind Ag
(‘9061 ‘22 ‘UBL JUEpIseIg Aq podordde ‘cost ‘gz “09M paNdexe JUNTIDOISB
pus ‘egg “"] “7819 FE 89S) “(189 ‘AXX) 688IT ‘EZ “ea JO JOR Aq paytyes ‘OSST ‘PT ABT
JO JUSMMIGISB ‘G/81 ‘ZL ‘Goq ‘loplo OATNOAX| ‘89st ‘FZ “Ydos Jo Ajvor1] poyywsruy
*(@18 ‘XIXX) C68T ‘8 ‘AON ‘UO vUIEpOoId § JUapIseIg Aq yUeuI
-a[}08 o1.qnd 03 pausdo JopureMar 94} !aqid} 9Y} LO] podArosed PuBl Joquty, Jo
sol0B 0Z0'ZE puB ‘sosodand AyoJouIED PUB ‘HOISSIUT ‘[OOYOS ‘ADUASB IOF POAIOSoI
S010B LP'OLL'S ‘SUBIPUT 68'T 0} PO}OT[B 919A SAL0¥ GO"OLE'OST *(9BE ‘IIIAXX) F68T
‘er ‘sny jo jow Aq payer ‘g6gl ‘T AVI JO JUSTIOAISB ‘(ZC ‘AXX) gggT ‘T “dag
jo yow Aq poynvs ‘Zggt ‘2% ABT JO JUOTMEAISB ‘(1P9 ‘AIX) GOST ‘6 OUNL JO AJvVOIT,
x6
696 ‘%
OCF ‘916
000 ‘F9
‘oseqouurA ‘tddis
-SISSIJT 92 JO soxOg puB yZnvVg ‘TUL0JVMVIOg
--Tuoysoys ‘(ByWenyNy) Jayvedseyg ‘yoouurg
spo10g ZN |
She eRe TL et “x04 puB ZnB
TULOJBMBIOT
DI Sian stein siniaie aerate oodeyory
““"‘9asuny_ pus vaoddiyo
‘SVSNV
“*""" xOy puB yNBg
*¥MOTI
sho amveemeeet ees<- TMS]
FOE SORES CIOCICC 1eMdey
*‘ponulu0pD—OH VAI
—Aq peystaVisa
‘Solo Vv
‘SOqILL,
“UOIBALOSOY
‘ponUIyUOD—INANHSITAVISY SLI YOU ALINOHLAY ANV ‘GAANASAY ATIVIOGdg YO AGALLOTTY
LON Vary ‘LI OL DNIDNOTAA HO YNIAdNQOIO Sadly ‘“TOOHOS uO AONGDY LVYHA HAAN‘) ‘S061
NI NOILVANGSAY NVIGN[T HOVA SNIMOHS aTIGAHOS
377
RESERVATIONS
FOBT ‘8 ‘Idy Jo JOB Japun puB ‘sosodand snolstfer puB ‘fooyos ‘AouesB OF
PAALOSOI SOIOV [9°648'T PUB ‘SUBIPUT Q9s'F OF POIOT[B Wood PAVT, SAO 90°91G'ZOF
‘(zF9 ‘AXX) 68ST ‘FL ‘UBL JOJOV JapUy “(98 ‘FE ‘sSAS JST “SUOD 4STG ‘LFZ “000
‘XG ‘MW 'H) 6881 ‘6% ATue JO yUoUIOAISY 99S “(ZO ‘AXX) G88T ‘PL UBL JO JV -EggT
‘eT ANE PUB ‘GST ‘ST “ABIY ‘StopIO OATINOOXY :(6TL ‘IAX) LOST “6 “ABI JO APBALT,
"(ZP9 ‘AXX) 68ST ‘FL “UBL JO JOB ‘TST ‘0% ‘99d ‘aps0 VATINIAXT
‘OD ‘AY BQOILUBIT puv ayVvT
poy ‘stjodvouutsy oy} toy AVM JO JS W sv soso9e ONZE SuUBIS ‘(SOL ‘IIIXXX) GO6T
'2qaq JOJOV ‘soloB ZcT‘9cZ JO a[BVS 1OJ ‘(OP ‘ITIXXX) ZOGT ‘OT “ABI VPBUT JUOTT
-99158 SULAJVI ‘POGT ‘0Z “Qe JO 498 puB ‘(G00T “IIXXX) OST 'S “IV JOY “Z68T
IZ ‘AON ‘JopsO DATYNOIXT !(ZE ‘2Z ‘S898 IST ‘““SUOD ISTE ‘LPG “90d XA “UW "A 688T
‘9 A[npe ‘JuaMMIeISB !(ZP9 ‘AXX) 68ST ‘FI “UBL JOJO ‘(199 ‘IITX) E9ST ‘Z “JOO JO AVeolL
{Ud TIO [}}9S
10 ayes 0) uado yok you o1B nq ‘JUSTIMIOAOY OY} 0} paps9d Udeq BABY ORAL
-Soi sTyy sutsodu10o spur ou ‘(chy ‘XXX) S68 ‘42 Avy poAoidde ‘oF “ON UOT}
-njosar yuTol !(9/G ‘ITIAXX) 6ST ‘6I “08d ‘G ‘ON UWOTNOSer yutol : (GPO ‘AXX) 688T.
‘pL ‘UBe JO JOB :(C69 ‘E69 ‘IIIX) POST ‘LZ ABI PUB ‘(GOTT 'X) CCST ZZ “Gog Jo sorjvarL
*LOOYOS IOJ paAdosar
$910B 06'S ‘sa7wIS pou sy} Aq 4SN41} UT POY PUB SUBIPUT gg 0} paqO[[B sat0V
9L'ZhZ'TL ‘SUBIPUT Lf 0} popodp 910M SOIOB’ OL"6EE “OBST ‘6L “SUV ‘68ST ‘G “ABIN ‘88ST,
‘6z OUNL ‘OQ8T ‘CT ABI ‘CST ‘Ee IBIN ‘FRET ‘FP ATUL ‘ssarsu0p Jo sjow veg ‘asvyound Ag
(‘ZOPp ‘IIXXX ‘ZO6T ‘22 9UNL JOY) “Yusuta[}10s
dttqnd 0) pausdo oq 07 SBM SaIOB FEN'EG JO BUPIsoI 9} PUB 'SUBIPU] OAV SsVp /T OF
pe}OT[B o10M So1o0B 1Z'198'T ‘sesodand jooyos puv AdUISBIOJ PAAIOSAL S9IOB 0917S
PUB ‘SUBIPUT 9G 0} PaqOT[B B10M 8010V 90'EQO'LE ‘(ZF9 ‘AXX) 6881 ‘FI “UBL JO 0B
‘PAST ‘9g ABI PUB ‘LET ‘P “AON ‘SIopIO DATINDOX ‘(GOTT ‘X) ECS ‘ZZ “Gad Jo Aywory,
“4uetma[}j0s o1[qnd 03 pouado aq 07 SBA\ SAI” 16° TFO'9T JO ONpIsas 9}
pu ‘sasodind poom puv AdUas¥ IO] PSAIOSAL S910B $Z'80Z ‘SUBIPUT FOS OF PeII0[[B
OIOM SOLOB IS TELS *(ZP9‘AXX) 68ST ‘FL ‘WBE JOJO‘ (GOLT ‘X) FEST ‘Os “dag Jo AjVoTL
‘FT UBe JO 10B 909) ‘688T ‘IZ “AON JO JUSTIOOISW “jJUSTIOT}JO8 0} poeuedo svar
‘sa10R 168'91 ‘ONPISeI 9} ‘(THO ‘AXX) 68ST ‘FL UBL JoJOV Aq sUBIPUT Teg 0} pa}O[[e
919M SOLOV 19°8Z'Ss “(OGL ‘IZAX) ZLST ‘9G ABN JO 10B‘ (GOTT 'X) FEST ‘08 ‘Jdog Jo AjvorL,
; (gest ‘1Z ‘0eq JO Japio BAYNOSXY) “QUOUT
-a[1108 o1[qnd 03 pousedo oq 0} saroB FHL‘ZZ JO ONPISeA AY] ‘SUBIPUT F 0} P9zj,OT[B
@1dM SaIoB ce'cgz «*(ZF9 ‘AXX) 68ST ‘FL “URL JO IDB ‘eget ‘Og OUNL ‘IepIoO BATINVOX|
udTaT}I08 OT[Qnd 0} pausdo aq 07 saroR g9g'TS JO ONpIsad oy}
fsasodind 10qj0 puv AdUaSB IO] POAIASAI SIO’ SO'PEp PUB ‘SUBIPUT G69 OF PoqOT[B
O1OM SO1OBGLTIZ'GS *(Zh9‘AXX) 68ST ‘PL'UBL JO JOB § (GOL ‘ATX) 99BT‘L Ady Jo AJvoLL,
“SUBIPU]T 9¢ 0} P9ZIOTIB 919M
saroe ¢g'T9G'Z% “Gast ‘cz “Jdag ‘Iop1o DATIINIEXY :(60IT ‘X) FEST ‘08 “Jdag Jo Aywary,
‘pez ol [Bun ‘saloB §20‘T
‘QNpIsad 9Y} ‘SUBIPU] Ch9 0} Po}OT[B Sas0B OTZ'LF “(GOTT ‘X) PERT ‘OS ‘Idas Jo Aywory,
‘SUBIPUT F86'T 0} PAIOT[B O1OA\ SOLOW E1Z'96 *(LE9 “ATX)
POST ‘SL 300 pus ‘(gEg ‘IX) ecgl 'Z “SNY Jo soljzBoty ‘eCgT ‘PI ABIN ‘topo VATINIEX GT
‘emoddiyD 1988 [Iq
SLT ‘BL pus ‘surqureg ‘tddtsstsstjy oy} Jo Bamoddiqo
(Ose Tetee a Pl | epee a reo oa eModdiyy Jo purq 104 slog
|
822 ‘SEG --- pmaddiyg jo spurq Bulqted pu ayxVy] poy |
FIO ‘TO “eaoddiyy JOSpurq aA 9YVUg PUB OV OI[LM |
Peete ees ss dameebavemethter ce eeeneons XNOIg WOJULYBAOPIW
‘Bmoddryp) jo spurq |
arta,’ . 9 ie YSTYSOSIGIUUTA IYVT puB ‘OSB “YB SsB)
srnbicie eects “r1oloedng "TJ yo eaaddryy Jo puvq o8By10g puwiy
peiisisio sia rr “qotmedns "J Jo BwaaddryD Jo purq ovwy up puog
|
a a Senos hae dete Cer emien csc caddis ewes boned s Sacsiae op tt?
Se ea Sve | Pes maak Ss sce vaoddtyo jo pusq Woy slog
COP‘
pees SO sities roledng “J jo vmoddryp Jo purq uoseu0jUuO
‘rotedng “Ty jo
620 ‘T vmoddiy9 Jospurq Jlosoq xXnelA puB osUy,T
ELE ‘S “"I YWOBIG puv ‘10 uBMS ‘MBUTSBS Jo BaoddryO
POP Te Wie oI M
penne So ae OYBY] UOl[IMIa A
re rege ow] pO
rates pas ow'y OLE
UOJUBYBMIPI
axBT Yooo'T
“(1 U0aSTq) o8BIIOg puvIH
SARE UpTSBaSe oBT Up puog
er unaraws + “""""yo0ID 100d
Aaa sooace q10q Slog
‘VLOSUNNIW
BI[OQUsT
-NVDIHOIN
RESERVATIONS [B. A. B.
378
‘(TT ‘AXX) QS8T ‘T ABT ssomsu0D Aq poaoidde ‘ggeT ‘gz ‘09q BpBUI JUST
-90198 ‘OSST ‘ST AINE puvB ‘C8L'EL Udy ‘slopsio VATNOIX| (RG ‘IMAX) FLST ‘GT “adv
JO JOB ‘PAST ‘61 “SNV pux ‘gst ‘¢ A[UL ‘sIOpIO VATINOIX| :g98T ‘T “deg puv cy pu
ST Ane puvB ‘998T ‘8T AINE JO SoT}BeI] poyTyBIUN :(2G9 IX) EE8~ ‘LT JOO Jo Aywary,
*(0Gg ‘XIXX) 968T ‘OL oUNL JO JOR Aq poaordde ‘cast ‘6 ‘490 OPvUT JUTE
-90158 !(PZT ‘AXX) S88 ‘LT AVI SsorstOD Aq poaoidde ‘/geT ‘TZ ‘UBL BpPReU yUDTT
-9015B ‘ORT ‘St A[nG puv ‘ezgT ‘eT ‘ady ‘stapi1oO VATINOOX| ‘(87 ‘IITAX) PLST ‘eT dy
JO 108 ‘P18T ‘6 “Sny pur ‘g/gT ‘¢ ATUL ‘sIopIO DATINOOXY ‘89st ‘T“ydog puv cy pus
SL A[ng pus ‘998T ‘ST A[NL Jo ser}ved} poyTyBiuN :(1¢9 ‘IX) GGST ‘ZT “JOO JO AjBorL,
*‘SUBIPUT Ts 0} povOl[[BR useq savy yaRd
Peps TO S8910B 96 TTL‘ FL PUB ‘SO10B GF'ZST'FFS'T POATOSOIUN PUB paljOT[BUN SUTABIT
‘sosodind Aiojou1e0 puB ‘YOINYO ‘UOBIJSIUTUAPB IOF PAAIASAI S9IOB T9'ZZR‘T PUB
‘SUBIPUT ZLz'Z O} P2}jO0[[B U90q BABY SO10B 06'FI6‘LEP ‘(LOGL ‘6% “IBIN JO Iop10 9A}
-NOOXY SULAJIPOUL) [OSL ‘8 oUNL ‘IapIO BATINIAX| pus (FL ‘IAXX) TSS ‘8z"qQaq Jo
408 pues ‘(ggg ‘AIXX) JSST ‘8 "God JOJOVIJOpU “66ST ‘FL “SNY JO JUOMIBOISB AjTVBI
pus puss 0} ‘(7¢g ‘INIXXX) FOBT ‘22 “Idy JO IOV ("PSO ‘IIAXX ‘Z6ST ‘GT 00
‘uoreuBpooid §juopIseld Os[B ‘gy ‘d ‘76st “doy ‘YY “PUT 9eg) ‘ZEST ‘Lz “Sny
OPBUT JUNMIONISB ‘(OFOT-6E0LT ‘IAXX) T6ST ‘g “ABJN PoAordds yoR uoMeradosdde
UBIPUT UT pauIyUuoD puB payVE ‘OBST ‘8 ‘9M IPVUT JUOTMIOGISB ‘ogsT ‘2 ‘eq
‘OL8T ‘8 “BI “CLST ‘0% “JOO ‘StopIO OAINDOXA ‘(LCT ‘ITXX) ZEST ‘OL Atue ssasu0p
Aq poaoidds ‘Tggt ‘ZZ “SNY OpVUl JUdTMVDISB !(Zp ‘IIXX) ZEST ‘IT ‘Ady ssorsu0g
Aq poaoidde pus ‘oget ‘ZI ounf¢ ape jusuIa0ISB !(6F9 ‘AX) SagT ‘2, ABT Jo AyRoTL
“‘JUOUI}OT[B JO ssad01d UT MOU SpuBT (‘9T8 ‘IIIXXx 908)
‘pul poASAINsuN JO 8910¥B NZL PUB ‘So1DB TL'9Gg JO JUBIS SUTMTIYUOD ‘COBT ‘1Z “GAA
JO JOB :(gcg ‘XIXX) 968T ‘OL 9uUNL JO 10B Aq padoidde ‘cggT ‘9z ‘deg epeU JUOTI
“90158 '(6ZL ‘AXX) SST ‘T ABI ‘ssorsu0D Aq podoidde ‘7get ‘TL ‘qaq opeu juoUt
-90198 ‘OSST ‘ST ATUL puB ‘GLET ‘gT Ady ‘sIopioO SATIINIOXT $(9Z ‘IIIAX) FLT ‘eT “udy
JO 108 ‘PL8T ‘6 “SNYV puB ‘g/gT ‘g ATUL ‘SIapIO DATINVOXY ‘gggT ‘I ydag puv cL pus
ST A[n¢ pus ‘99st ‘sT ATUL Jo soryvor} paytyerun ‘(4C9 ‘IX) EGST ‘ZT "300 JO Ayvory,
‘ulemop ortqnd 944
0} pe10jSeI SBA SO1OB CCg‘FCT JO ONpIsel oy} ‘suBIPUT BAOddIYD LF 01 poz OTLB
9AM S910B ZZ'060'8E ‘JUSTTETIIE8 OITGnd 0} pauddo oq 0} VAIASAI YSIYSOSIGIUUT A
JO ‘So10B T0'S99'ZIT ‘ANPIsoL AY} ‘SUBIPUT YSTYSOSIGIUUTA OYVT OST 0} poz70T[B
O10M SOLOB EL°68E'FT +(GhL ‘AXX) 6881 ‘PL ‘UBL JO 0B ‘PL8T ‘9G ABIN PUB ‘ELST ‘6z
“JOO ‘SIOPIODATINIOX + (GTL ‘IAX) LOST “GL “IVI PuB ‘(COTT ‘X) CEST ‘Zs ‘qaq JO SolBoLy,
*8]0B 10d JapUN JUSTAAO][B JO Ssad0Id UL MOU SpuBT
‘SO10B 6T'SLT'8L POATOSAIUN PUB Pod}OT[VUN SUTAVOL ‘6Q8T ‘FL ‘UBL JO Jov Jopun
§90}}0[[B 94} JO Jed B O} S}UNUTOT[B [RUOTIIppY Suloq ‘wModdriyHO JesVI[Iq [BL
10110 puv TddIssIsstV F6L'Z 0} Po}O[[B Wdeq BABY Soto’ 16'8Z6'Szs ‘(68G ‘IIIXXX)
—Aq paustiqrisy
000 ‘942 ‘T
009 ‘L6F
281 ‘FPS ‘T
PFO ‘656
008 “E89
*XnOlg [Buo1yURA pus
‘ededyuny ‘uojay, ‘sequeg ‘9[nig ‘uToqIuUIssSy
ULO(IUISSY ‘(BUIS}V) S8I]UdASOID
Chae pase ete weeees* SMOID JOATY PUB UIBJUNOT!
~unsorg ‘(qBurey) poor” ‘(BxIsyIS) JooyyoBl_
‘emoddtyyO Iddisstsstyy
Jo puevq JULI0g YVO IGM puB ‘eModdiyO
JO SpuRBq JasSBI[[Iq PUB YSTYSOSIQIUUTA, IVT
‘ponuyu0p—vaModdiygy 13se[ [td
puv ‘vuriqmied ‘tddississtj oy} Jo BvModdiyD
tetereeeereeeeesegT VIO
eS Oe --deuxleg Wo,
on Ca ce Ge EAN OLED
mig Sena rece OPV
‘VNVINOW
“*eMod
diy) pus jULod FBO OITA
“(penuyyaop) yea OT
‘ponulyju0p)— V LOSANNIW
‘sold V
*ponultyuo;)—LNAWHSITAVISH SLI You
‘SoqUL
“WOT]BAIOSAY
ALIVOHLOY GNV ‘GQUANISAY ATIVIONdG YO AALLOTIV
LON Vay ‘LI OL DNIDNOTHA WO INIAdNIDO Sadly T, ‘TOOHIS HO AONADY LVHM YAHaANO ‘2061 NI NOILVAWESAY NVIGNT HOVE DNIMOHS FATOGHHOS
379
RESERVATIONS
BULL. 30]
‘OUBP] Ut ApIVg o
*(¢Zz ‘ITIXXX) FO6T ‘0Z “Id y
“PLOT ‘8% “ABI ‘Iapsio VATWNOIXT
k “S06L ‘TE Arne
‘JOpIO VATINIOXY ‘GLI ‘g Alu ‘10119, uy ay} JO ArBjar99g ay} Aq poaordds uoroales
‘(Qpp ‘IIIAX) GL8T ‘ST “IVIL JO 20¥ ‘FAST ‘ZL “God Pus ‘SLT ‘ZL “BIT ‘SIops0 OATINDAX|
‘OSST ‘pb ABIT pus ‘LAST ‘OT ‘ady ‘suoprio sAINIOX |
poaoidds 08 uonsridoidds uvtpuy ‘97 ‘dag 99g) 000 ‘22g
000 ‘T
0ZE ‘ZTE
*poa}1o[ [Bun ‘sar0B 08'0TL‘T ‘aNptIser oy} $7030 ‘AouasB
IOJ POALISAI SVINB OYP ‘SUBIPUT 00Z'L O} PAWOT[B 919M S9I0B ZQ‘OFO'9DT *(CIZ
‘IA ‘speed UBIPUT) FART ‘TE A[NL po}Bp ‘suUBIPUT BYBUO WOIJ poap ‘(OAT ‘IIIAX)
PLST ‘ZZ OUNL JO JOB (119 ‘AIX) COST ‘8 “TBI JO AyBaI} : (QCg ‘IIX) E98T ‘TZ ‘eq Jo WV
} "ZS ‘FS ‘UBL ‘IapIO OAINOOX|
V6SST ‘IAXX ‘06ST ‘8% “390 ‘UOTVBUIB[DOId S,jUap
-ISdIg 908) ‘SSUIp[Inq [ooYos puwB AouasB Aq potdnd00 puUuB pPaAJOSoI SAIOB (IT
PUB ‘SUBIPUT LOT O} P9}}O[[B 1A S9I10B 80'ZOZ'LZ ‘(G68 ‘AXX) 68ST ‘Z “ABI JO yo"
‘(G19 ‘AIX) GOST ‘OT “IBN 47802} [BJ UOTMOTddns puB ‘(166 ‘IIX) 8ST ‘ZT “IVI JO AyReI],
*poqjO[[BUN ‘so10B [ZF'‘ZL ‘ONpIsed oY} ‘SUBIPUT L1¢'T 0} po}IO[[B sor0B
OLF‘6ZL *(Z19 ‘IIAXX) S68T ‘§ “ABIL JO 40B :(ThE ‘IIXX) SST ‘2 “SNV JO 40B ‘PLST ‘TS
Aju payep ‘suBIPUT OSBqouUTAA 0} Paap :(OLT ‘IIIAX) FST ‘ZZ OUNL JO 408 *(168
‘HAX) ZL8T ‘OT oUNL JO 10B $(299 ‘AIX) GOST ‘9 “IB JO Aywat} ‘ecgt ‘TT Av ‘peaord
-dB squepiselg oY} WIA suBrpuy Aq UOTJOITOS ‘(FOL ‘X) FEST ‘OL “IBIN JO AyBoLL
*pojdaoov you ‘(F6 ‘AXX) Sg8T ‘08 “Idy
Joy (‘cog ‘d ‘FT ‘JOA “OOP UBIPUT “OSIUI 998 ‘}xXO1 JOY ‘PSO ‘ITXX ‘gel ‘g “ABI
poroidde 408 uoretidoidde [IA1O AIpunsS 99S UOTBOYIPOU JOT) “ZEST ‘ZT “OO
JO JUBMINeISB poyyBiun ‘sasodand uorssrur pus ‘foods ‘AOUASB IOJ S9108B OL OSL'T
puB ‘s}UDUIJOT[B SB SAIOB TO'S06'SE ‘SpBAISOMIOY SB paDaTAS 9IOM SIIOB CL'C/8'ZE
“C88T ‘6 “G2A PUB ‘E/T ‘TE “09 ‘69ST ‘TE “SNY ‘LOST ‘OT “AON ‘998T ‘0% AINE *22 “G90
SIOPIO DATJMOVIX| +(1489 ‘AX) 89ST ‘6% “Ady Jo A}wor} + (61g ‘ITX) S9SL ‘gs “BIN JO PV
IZP ‘ZL
80T “G69 ‘9
*(000T
‘IIXXX) G06T ‘8 “ABI JO 10B ‘Q06T 6I ‘AVI puB ‘FEsT ‘9z “AON ‘SddpIO DATINIOXT
(20 ‘MIXXX) FOBT ‘gg “Id y Jo 30B 944 JO B UOTIDeS Aq IOF papta
-o1d sB Jo pesodstp oq 0} ‘spuR[ Joquit) Jo uojdaoxe 9y} GTA ‘a1B ‘sasodind 941s
-UMO}] JO} POAIOSII SPUR] OY} PUB ‘spUBl OSE, ‘Se10B FO'TST'SZL'T poAtosorun
puB po}jO[[VUN SZuIABT ‘so19B OE'RTP'GOS Buryesoisse ‘sosodind jooyos Joy Buy,
-WOJW JO 9381S 94} 01 ‘FOG ‘Ez “dV JO JOB dy} AQ pojURIs o19M (A[O}BUITxXOIdde)
$9108 09L'69 pusB ‘sosodind 9}1S-UMO} IOF ZO TEP puB ‘0j0 ‘IaMOd 10} BM IO} SaIOB
116'p ‘sosodind Adud8B IO} POAIASeL U9d9q VABY SA10B 76 FLL‘9 ‘(OSOT-GFOT ‘I1IXXX)
COBL ‘§ “ABIL JO 10B Aq populouIB SB ‘FOKT ‘gz “Ady JO JOB JapuN puUB ‘sasn [Bqty
IO} PIAIOSAL UIvq DABY S910B O1"FZC'Z ‘FOBT ‘8G “Id V JO 0B JapUN pUB ‘soldB ZT'0C6
70GZ P2}}01[8 W909 OABY SUBIPUT 818'S ‘(FEL ‘TAXX ) TERT ‘83 “Gq PUB ‘(89g ‘AIXX) 7581
8 “God ‘(208 ‘MIXX) PO6T ‘gz “Ady Jo sjoB JapugQ *(¢26 ‘I1X) Gest ‘OT Ate JO Ayvory | Z8L‘8Z0'T
008 “68h
PSS a Ae ot Ae oe TLR Once yee “aXB'T provid g
*STTAL
-ATYS ‘ainred ‘s}idimBg ‘qeqrey ‘tAonqouteyy |-*** "7777777" “IOATY VdBoy
SER ORG “-*""*"THOYSOgS Uld}s9AA ‘OINIV |°""*°"* DATTL[BA YONG
‘VGVAGN
osBqouuta |-"""7*" sr eeree=* OF RqoUUulLMA
Pee i Senge ieee aire ene tere mp ieelt nie XNOIg B[BLSO |*""**"** ([BUOTIIPpR) xnoTg
Shetoamecuceus oeserece Wr eteeerereresesess moMOg [otrtettttttet tts pouog
a salieaieteaeseasieee stesteeeresceesereeeceees BUBMIG [trrettttttttes esses: BqBOIO
Eo ors e-amrisieeip leat Pne hae elaia eisisie'sis XNOIS CopWsG) [F< 92" <<< <° se BereTCOUN
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ee ee eee ee ae een emuudsoYO ULaYWION |-"-"*** auUUaAOYD UIEYION
‘AT[1010.P puad ‘fodstwy
| JOMOT ‘[euayny ‘puvq sopiVp ‘Jooy Jay [---777 ot tt Toes OROOL
RESERVATIONS [B. A. EB,
380
; *S010B CZTRC'LT postudu109 JuBIS YST
-uudg [BUISIO OY, “SSSI ‘gs ‘IBIN PUB “ERET ‘T ABIT ‘2181 ‘OL ‘ABIN ‘SOpIO OATINOOXG
‘o[qand BIBI BIUBS
IOJ SpUBL [BUONTPpPB J1edv Burj}08 ‘COST ‘6z AINE JO JapIO VAINIOX| pus ‘sorqond
eqUIBN puB ddijay uRg IOF spuBl [BUOTTPpB JaBdY Surjjos ‘ZO6T ‘F “dag pus
€I uN JO S1ap1O DATINIAX | !(gcg ‘d ‘OgSt A0y puv ‘ZPz ‘d ‘orgt aoy “day “yO puvy
‘Ud 908 ‘TL ‘IIX) OORT ‘TZ OUNL PUB ‘(PLE ‘IX) SegT ‘ZZ ‘Oaq poAordde ssorsuo0D
JO $]0¥ ‘sjuvis ystuvdg plo Jopun ‘f9xT UT s}Ua}¥d sazBIg poylUQ Aq pouIyUOD
“E88T. ‘FZ
‘IBY PUB ‘ZEST ‘ET ABIN ‘CLBT ‘0G 100 ‘FLST ‘Z ‘Gea ‘ELST ‘6z ABIN ‘S19pIO DATNIEXT
‘JUIUT}JO][B JO ssad0id UT MOU SpuRT
*pej}o[ [Bun ‘sa10B OOF'89z ‘ONpIsereyy, ‘sosodind AdudsB pus ‘[ooyos ‘UOISSTUT JOF
poAdIsal S108 Fh'OSZ PUB ‘SUBIPUT Ch8 O} PolJO[[B IDIOM SOIOB Ck"STS'6ZL “LEST TT
‘Qo PUB ‘PSST ‘GT AVIV ‘O88T ‘Tz “dog ‘9ST ST AINE ‘FST ‘ez “ABN ‘sdop1o sATNOeX|
*so10B f8'C00'89z ‘UOT VUIL[IOId 8§,JUAPIseIg Japun uortsodstp 0} yoolqng ‘sa10B
O9T ‘sesodind yorntyo 10J poAdaser ‘so10B zg°cEg'g ‘IoqUIT] IOF paAdesar ‘so10B
6206828 ‘SUIZBIS IO} poAtosaI !sa10V Of ‘AI9]9UIAD IOJ PAaAIOSAL !sa10B 08 ‘OOS
PUB ADUASB OJ POAIOSAL !Sa10B CZ"EQL'6 ‘SUBIPUT Z6P 0} PANOL[[VY ‘sa10B 9T'608'0G
DAIOSAOL POYSIULMIIp UL SULA] ‘Sol0B FE"GOO'S9Z SUIBIUOD IT “JUaTHATI}aS 0} Jud
papeo Suruedo ‘g906T ‘9z “dag “WUopIsorg JO UOTeUIBfoOOId !(cZ7e ‘AIXXX) 9OGT ‘1%
OUNL JO 0B :(266-ZRG ‘IIXXX) SOBT ‘S “AVI JO JOB !(09-CPZ ‘IIXXX) ZOBT ‘ZZ AVIV JO
qoB :(PPL ‘IIXXX) 206 ‘61 UNL JO UOTIN[OSeI JUTOL SPLST ‘BL “ABI ‘Iopio OAIMOOX| |*
—Aq paysi[q Bisa
GSP ‘669
OFO ‘e1z
198 ‘ZL
GZS ‘GOL
98¢ ‘SI
080 ‘OT
LSL ‘#3
GT ‘LL
02S ‘SL
$60 ‘LT
TAP ‘LT
698 ‘6F
198 ‘LT
SFL FL
9G2 ‘F%
€9L ‘ST
LOL ‘FS
19F ‘LT
CFS ‘LT
Z6L ‘G6
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OFS ‘PLP
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‘S010 V
CO i i ik ii i ii sei iia ei ei ay | Sie cisinieioitaiwie era se aa Tran
anbnsa
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(joaunxa) sooag
sities |g ie ae iis adipaq ues
Amba) les Moke = mt nt SUDO
urn uRg
| —oqong
jretceesee ayoud Y O1o[BOSa TT
Rk shiek ne he ayoudy BI[MBorr
racrinspeciis ** JOATY JOXTBM
‘penunuop—V¥aVAEN
‘OOIXAN MAN
‘Ssoqmy “LOI BAIOSOY
*ponuljUO()—LNANUSITAVISY SLI WO ALIMOHLIY ANY ‘CaAUASAY ATTVIOUdS HO AdALLOTTY
LON Vay ‘LI OL DNIDNOTAA WO ONIXANIIO SHa1y T ‘TOOHOY HO AONGDY LVHM HAANOD “S061 NI NOILVAYESAaY NVIGN[T HOVA SDNIMOHS FINGHHOG
381
RESERVATIONS
BULL. 30]
*{UOTI}O[[B JO Ssad0I1d UL MOU SPUBT ‘Sd10T 9CTTS'LES‘T
penolpran SUIABOT ‘SOIOV FF'SZS EGS PoOl[B Useq OABY SUBIPUTL G8F'S ‘CO6T
‘9z, ‘4dag Jo JUApIsolg 94} JO AIWOYING PUB ‘(PEs ‘AXX) G68T ‘G “ABN JO JOB Jopuy
*(POCT ‘IAXX) O68T ‘OL “G9qd JO UoVUIVooOId 8,jUOpISeIq “(883 ‘AXX) 6681 ‘GZ “ABN
JO s80ISU0D JO WOW “pojdadoR you ‘(6 ‘AXX) SRST ‘08 “Ady Jo ssarsuo0p Jo yoy
("COG ‘AIX ‘OO, UBIPUT ‘DSTI OOS 4X0} JOF ‘FZ9 ‘IUXX ‘EQgt ‘eg ‘ABI paAoidde joe
uonRidoidds [Alo AIpuns 9a8 UOT|ROYTpOU OT) “ZEST ‘LT “JOO JO JUsMMVeISB pay
-1VBIuN {(BIOYBC YINOY Ur so10¥B OFO‘OZE'T) FRBL ‘0B “AVIN PUB ‘GET ‘6 “SV ‘S1aps0
AANOOXY ‘(PCS ‘XIX) LAST ‘8S “Gad JOyOV AQ poyyVs WUOMMIIIISB ‘9L8T ‘8G “AON
PUB ‘Q/8T ‘OT ABIL PUB TL “UBL ‘sIapI0 BATNOOX| +(Ge9 ‘AX) SOST ‘6% “AdV Jo AjVoLL,
‘JudtT}O[[B JO ssooord UT MOU
SpuBT ‘pe}OT[BUN ‘sorIOR OSL‘FS8‘ONpPIseT YI ‘SUBIPU] OF6 O} POIO[[B A19A\ S91OB
OFS‘08 (626 ‘IIAXX ‘TEST ‘0G ABN “O0Id ‘sold 898) *(ZEOT ‘IAXX) T68T “g “ABIT JO JOR
Aq poytyes ‘OSST ‘FI ‘OAM JO JUIMIBOITB ‘ZERT ‘LT OUNL PU ‘OST “ST AINE ‘OL8T ‘ZT
‘dy ‘sIopio OATINVAX| ‘99ST ‘Zz ATUL puB ‘Test ‘LT “dog JO JUeTIODISB poyTRiUy
"(898% ‘1IIXXX) FO6I
‘Z aun JO uONBeUBOId SjUapIseIg ‘“T06T ‘Z ‘AON OPPUL JUOUIOsISB AFBI puL
puswB 07 ‘(61g ‘IIIXXX) FO6T ‘4a “Idy JoyoY ‘sasodind yuouTUIaAOH JOF PdArTosos
S910B TO'E6L PAB ‘YoINYO OJ PoAdasoI saloB EQ'LTL ‘SUBIPUT E6L‘L OF poj,OT[V
OIOM SOIOB SE'PE'GEL “(LOT “IIAX) PLRT ‘zz oun podAoidds yow uonsdoidds
UBIPU] UL pawIyUod ‘ZLgT ‘0G “Ideg Jo JUoTMOOISB +(COG ‘AX) LOST “GT “GoW JO Ajvory,
(‘9061 ‘I ‘00d podordde ‘g06T ‘F “390 poaIBp Spoe
*P[OS S91NB T1Z'86 9} JO saL0V QOO'GS “FOBT ‘S “GEA PUB ‘PEST ‘PI ABW “UAH “AV
‘yssy Jo suorurdg 908) *(000T ‘I1XXX) S061 ‘g “ABIN JO JOV *poyerodioour 1B
oy suBIpUT Aq 99F UL P[OY MOU ‘OMST ‘FI “SUNY puB ‘O/T ‘6 “JOO poyBp SUBIPUT
0} Spoop ‘(Ipf ‘ITAXX) FEST ‘eZ “Suny puv ‘(6l ‘XIX) 9ST ‘PL ‘sny poaoidde
SSOLSUOD JO 8}0B PUB ‘FLT ‘U119} JOQTIAON 7B pasejUd ‘BUT[OIBD YON JO JOLIASTp
U19}SIM IY} OJ INO JIMOILN $9}BIG pa}lUy YY} JO UOCTSOop JapUN SUBIPUT 0} Sps9aT
‘OD PUB] PUBTIOH 9Y1 pur suvrpuy
oy) usajoq (osByoind puR juBIS) JUOTASUBIIV : (TGC AAS BEST ‘G1 ‘UBL yO ABeLy, |
‘GOST
‘SL ‘aq poiep poop {yxIOX MON Jo azapforjduroo oy} Aq 4st} UL Ploy PUB suBIpUT
ey} Aq paswyound ‘(166 ‘IEX) LEST ‘¢ “AON pue ‘(109 ‘IIA) L6LT ‘GT “Idag Jo sorjRory,
“BPVUBD Ul So10B 0GZ'F% INOGB ploy Ady “(Gg “ITA) 9GLT_ “ET ABIL JO AQVOIL,
*YIOK MON JO 907BIS OY} YIM JUIMMOSUBIIB pUB A}BOI fF,
(S91 ‘LL8T toy ‘doy ‘Vy “puT
909) “YIOX MON JO 09RIG 94} YIM JUOUTOSUBIIV ‘(Pp ‘ITA) PELT ‘IT “AON Jo Ajeoly
"(68 ‘XXX) L68T ‘4 ouns Jo
yo {(OLF ‘IIAXX) S68T ‘0Z “Qed JO ow Aq poynies ‘RET ‘g ‘UBL JO JUITEAISE BOBUOg
“(991 ‘LL8T toy ‘dey “YY “pul 998) YIOK MON JO 09BIg OY} YIM aaa eee ih
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ZPST ‘Oz ABIN puB ‘(OL ‘ITA) ZOST ‘Og OUNL ‘(TO9 ‘ITA) L6LT ‘eT “ydag Jo sorRery,
“(L8G ‘IIA) ZPST ‘0 ABI PUB ‘(TO9 ‘IIA) L6LT ‘ET “dag Jo saryvery,
ZIS ‘LFS ‘T
PFI ‘G6
11z ‘89
‘xnoIg reuoyyuB_ JoddQ
pus saMmo7T ‘edudyuny ‘(vdesvyis) Jooyyov[q
|
Arges ingot a pe SOR tes eo UBPUBY “es] Bp ‘BIBYLLV
“xnorg uojedye A pus ‘To}yzUBA ‘U07
-ASSTS ‘a07UBS ‘(BSyBqV_) PBEYIND ‘ULOqIUISSY
Vea tn PEL aOe re ws “"*"997010YOD JO puBd UlasBiT
Gini lags Seed war: ooy SUTPURyS
Riot ta ame ploywed Wow
aAv'T] s[taoq
‘VLOMNVG HLUON
‘spuRl, 1aq40
pus Arivwpunoqd xRrendy
*WNITONVO HLYUON
Canes iad Abid an Sm BIOIBISNYE PUB BABPUOUYO
JO spueq BpUBMBUOT, puB BSNABD
ee ee ee ey pir tie ea re IN| 49
Sire cia a iar’ 90 /e\ seas SISA] ‘1S ‘BSBpuoUg ‘VpIouO
Bprouo
Cem cem ews e tenet eee esse cence ee eesncsee *** Ro0ueg
OBS sereeeesesssenngtag ‘BsBpuoUug ‘BsntBO
ric inde sayreitels ewe cissisa iA OTION, BOBDUOUG)
Cag Pe ae Bi 2 B1lOTBOST TL,
BPUBMBUOL
eee * SieisisS See esto NT 4g
Sen aie sotto sess = BBBpPUOUCO
weet ewe eeeeeee aeeeee RBploug
So Suds 10
coeae Saves =" SAN BIEITeO
neeesess KUBSILV
‘MYOA MUN
RESERVATIONS [B. A. E.
382
*(686 ‘IIAXX) T68T ‘ST ‘ydag ‘yueprserg oy} JO UoTyeuIBoOId
Aq juomejes 0} pouedo sBM ONpIsed 9} :°0Ja ‘[OOTOS ‘qoinyo OF uUOoUTULOD
UL Ploy Sa10¥ OZ ‘SUBIPUT GOT 0} P2zJO[[B 910M SaroB Og'Egg'g “(GGL ‘IAXX) I68T ‘ST
‘qoq JO joR Aq payed ‘O6ST ‘0G AVI JO JUDMMVAISB ‘eget ‘CL “SNY ‘lop1o VATWNOIXT|
“‘quOTT}O[[B JO Ssa00i1d UT MOU SpuRT
(*(#0G ‘IIIXXX) F06T ‘TZ “IdV JO 4ow ‘ggg ‘IIXXX ‘ZO6L ‘LZ ABI JO JOB VAS) *(1Z0z%
‘IIXXX) ZO6L ‘8 ‘Suny JO UOlBUIB[DOId SsjUapIseIg :(00G ‘IIXXX) ZO6L ‘Og euNL JO
qow Aq poyes ‘Z06T “Gad JO JUAMMOOISB !(TLOT ‘IIXxXX) TO6I ‘gz oUNL JO UOlBUIBT,
-ooid 8 jueptserd ‘(198 ‘IXXX) TO6L ‘T “ABN JO 0B Aq poyTyRI ‘OOGT ‘8 “ABIL JO JUST
-90158 ! (FTG ‘X XX) S68T ‘8z UNL JO J0B Aq poyBl ‘L68T ‘LZ “Ydog Jo JUNMIIAISB ‘(FECT
‘TAXX) 6881 ‘€z “IBN JO UOIBUIB[DOId Ss JUOpISeIg ‘(LGL‘AXX) 68ST ‘T “ABI JO 10B Aq
POYBI ‘GQ8T ‘BI “UBL JO JUOTMMBISB :(C9Z ‘IIXX) ZEBT ‘¢ “Suny JO Jow uOTerIdordds
AOUGOYop puB ‘(G8L ‘AIX) 99ST ‘FL OUNL PUB ‘(LTP ‘IIA) EE8T ‘FL “GoW JO sotyBory
‘Od
‘{UdUMJO[[B JO ssad0ad UL MOU SpuPT
“(PPG ‘IIIXXX) FOBT ‘8 ‘Ad JO 4oV !(60% ‘IIIXXX) FOBT ‘1G “dV JO 30B ‘2061 ‘IZ
‘IB JO JUSTIBAISB SULAJVI ‘(TF ‘IIXXX) ZOGT ‘T A[NE JO 3B ‘(COG ‘xX XX) SET ‘9z
ouny' JO JOB Aq pays ‘L6RT ‘Ez “Ady JO JUOMMAeISB :(TT9 ‘IX) ecgT ‘2 oUNL JO AVBOLL,
*(LT&% ‘IIIXXX) 061 ‘ZT “Sn VY JO UOTWBUUIB[OCId § JUAPISeIg 99g
"G6ST ‘ZT ATUL JO JapiO VATIMOIX| puB ‘(STOT ‘ITAXX) Z6ST ‘ZL “Ady Jo uolBvurB[ooId
SjuepIsalg oy} Aq JUAWIIT}J08 03 PauadO SBA sa1DB GQ'Z9G‘NN0G‘'E JO ONpIsaI 9y}
pue ‘sosodind 19yj0 pues ‘UOTSsTU ‘AOUASV ‘AIBIITIUL IOJ POAIOSAI S91OB 6 'SFS'ZE
‘SPURT [OOTOS BILOYLLYO IO} Sa19B CG'EzZB‘ Tez ‘SUBIPUT F67‘E 0} PIIIOT[B 919M SoTOB
90°G89'6S *(9ZOT-ZC0T ‘IAXX) 6ST‘ “AB poaotdds you uoysdoidds uvrpuy
UL POULIYUOD ‘OYGRT ‘19400 UL OPVUL JUOTIVDISY ‘dAIOSOI AIBIT[TU OUDY Woy
0} OATBIAI ‘EQ8t ‘ZT A[NE JO Japxo VATINOIXW ‘(Ect ‘d ‘gest “dow “YO puvy ‘uay
908 ‘P68 ‘G “AON JO dJopio 9AIINOeXy Jo AyWOYINR Aq ‘PEgT ‘G A[NL JO ssarIsuOD
jo 108 JapuN [Bsodstp 10F aanmabiax) dAdosou ArBjtTIMT Apddng 410g 0} VAT} RIAL
“E881 “LI “UBE PUB ‘ZE8T ‘ST “Ady Jo SIop1O DAT]NOOXY ‘ZL8T ‘6T “190 ‘soqia} 19y}0
UB ‘OPPBO ‘BIIOTAM YIM IUOTIIIISBV POYNBVIUN ‘{698T ‘OL “SNVY ‘IopiO IATINIOX|
“peij0[[8 AUenbesqns spuvq] “(9TL ‘IIXXX) ZO6T ‘T AINE Jo4oV Aq poytyes QUOT
-9015B :(OF9 ‘IIAXX) S681 ‘E “IBIT JO 40B Aq poyBs ‘TEST ‘61 ‘09d JO JUDUTOAISB !(G6L
“AIX) Q9ST ‘61 ATE puB '(SLp IIA) CEST ‘6 ‘09d ‘(PIP ‘IA) SE8L ‘PI ‘God Jo sar}vory,
"108 poUIBU-dA0qB ay} JapuN sasodind [ooyos puv YoInyo I0F
POAIOSOL S910B O8T PUB ‘SUBIPUT 9ZE 01 PojO[[B 89108 FE8'Ch “(PET ‘IIIXXX) ‘FO6T
‘Ie ady poeymer1 pue podoiddy yov uonetidoidde uvtpuy Aq popuste ‘Zag ‘Z
‘JOO OPVUI JUDMIOAISY ‘“FRSl ‘g DUNE PUB GZ ‘ABI ‘ZEST ‘TSG ‘09d ‘SdopIO DVATIINVOXY
—Aq poysttqeisa
FFO ‘979
994 ‘COG ‘s
£96 ‘069 ‘T
622 ‘LL8
OSL ‘bZ8°S
‘S010 5
-yINog puB UeyWON pus
BMBYUOL ‘BMOT
abe a ie ga MBIOYOD
‘auudsNYO ule
‘oysdviy uloyjnog
oe OSE EYT Dee tek ak ke ae ae aa verre" 997010 D
“SOqILL
saModdiy) Buiquied
vee tdesnscampenn Serer OT
---oyvdviy pus suussoyoO
veeBe oa meee Od OLOMO)
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‘pauwoo—V LOMVd HLYON
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*‘poNULUOO—INANHSITAVISH SLI YOd ALIVOHLAY ANV ‘GHANaSAY ATIVIOddG YO GALLOTTY
LON VaUY ‘LI OL ONIDNOIAA YO DNIAdNOOO SaMINT, “IOOHOG YO AONTDY LVHM YAGNOA ‘QOGL NI NOILVANASAY NVIGN[ HOVG DNIMOHS FINGHHOG
383
RESERVATIONS
BULL. 30]
*(ChZ ‘IIXXX) ZO6T ‘2% ABN JO JOB JopuN pos ‘ser9B 1z"ETS'9
“SUBIPUT STZ 0} Po}OTLB so10¥B OCF'SF ‘(STS ‘AX) LOST ‘Sz ‘GQaq JO Aywouy, |
“(FPO ‘TIAXX) S681 ‘S “ABI JO JOR Aq paytyea ‘Z6RT
‘ez “AON OpBUI JUDTIOOISY “JUoTTAT}J}08 0} pouedo svA soa10B 0ZE‘69T JO ONpIsoI
ay} pue ‘sosodind Ar9j9ur1e0 puv ‘AdUdsB ‘[OOYOS IOJ paAIasad So1OV OFS ‘SUBIPUT
TZ8 0} PIIOT[[B DIAM SAIOV FR'6ES'‘ZIL : (OLF ‘IA ‘Sp99q UBIPU]T 9eS) spuBl, YooID o1R
Sa10¥B 900'SG PUB BdYOIBYH OLB so10B FIO'OSS SIMI JO *(6% ‘XIX) 9AST ‘OL “Ady Jo yoy
*po}O[[BUN ‘saloB EZ'L8¢'T
‘anpIsel ay} !(686 ‘IAXX) TGST ‘g “IRI JO JOB Aq POS oq 0} pozZMOYyNV 19M so10B
C6'LEG ‘SUBIPUT LET 0} po}JO[[B 919M S910B O8"PIL'ZL ‘(STG “AX) LOBT “8% “aq Jo AyBorL,
‘anpIsol Oy L
"SOS [BQI1} 1OJ OpIseB
yas soioe OF9 puB ‘sosodind ArajauI00 puvB ‘qYoINyYd ‘[ooyos ‘AouesB 1OJ paAdosol
B1OM SOINOV OZL ‘(SJUIMTJOT[B GRR) SUBIPUT FIG 0} PojOT[B 919M SOIOB ZZ TIL‘LZT
‘(68 ‘IIXXX) FO6T ‘12 ‘Ady puB ‘(fF6L ‘IAXX) T6ST ‘8% “Ged ‘(88g ‘ATXX) L8RT ‘8
“qa,q JO sjovV Jopuy “(GLP ‘IA ‘Spo9q UBIPUT) Esl ‘FI euUNL poywp ‘posep ddyO19YO
‘ISS ‘GZ oun ‘IOI10} UT 9Y} JO A1BJOINNg 9YY JO TapAO ‘(Tg ‘IXX) TST ‘g “ABIL JO IV
“‘{UOTIJOT[V JO Ssoo01d UI MOU SPUBT *(Z8p ‘IA ‘spooqd UBIpUT)
E88I ‘PI UNL pajep ‘voyOIOYO WoIy poap :(8ZZ MAX) ZLST ‘G OUNL TO JOB STLET ‘LZ
“IB ‘IOIIO}UT 9} JO A1BI91N9g JO JapIO ‘(FOR ‘AIX) 99ST ‘6L AlN JO AywaI} VayoIIyO
*(pp9 ‘IIAXX) S68T ‘S “IBY poAoidde yow uoed
-o1dde uvtpuy Aq poytiVs ‘TEST ‘TZ 190 OpBU JUIMMIOOISY “jUdUTdT}J0S 07 pausedo
SBM 8dI0B 09°9/Z'6L JO ONpIso’ VY} puvB ‘sosodind [oOYoOS puB JUeMTUIDAOY OF
POAIASAI SAINOB NG'N9T ‘SUBIPUT SZ 0} PdzJO[[B BIO S9IOB GL'S1Z‘1L “(POG ‘IA ‘spooq
UBIPUT) 8ST ‘ZZ ABIN PIyBp ‘s9dJ9q ZON WOIF puB ‘(9p ‘IA ‘Spa0q UBIPUT) Eggl
‘FL oun poyBp ‘saxYoL1oyYD Woy spoop Aq pourBi{qO “(PR ‘XX) SLET ‘LZ ABIN JO IV
*IOQ UIT] IOJ 891OV FZ PUB ‘[OOYOS IOF 8910B Z ‘Sosod
-ind A19j9U199 PUB YOINYO IOJ PAOAIOSEI S9IOB B ‘SUBIPUT 89 0} S910B 9/6‘ eonnetie
[18 OJ0M SpuR, OU “(LPP ‘ITIAX) GL8T ‘g ‘“aBW podoidde 4ovw uoneridoidds
UBIPU] UL pouIygUoO) puB ‘PET ‘gz DUNE OPBUL DOUMBYY UsoISVY YILA\ JUSMIBIISV
‘Q06T ‘6T “Jdag Jo UOT}VUIBOOId PUB ‘9D6T ‘gz OUNL PUB
¢ sung JO $108 JopuN [BSOdSIp JOJ DDO PUBT [BIDUOY Jf] 0} JOAO POUIN} 10M
S10B 9G'ST9'G6E SULUTBUIOI OL ‘(SLOT ‘AIXXX) LO6I ‘Z “ABT JO JOB Aq popuotL
se ‘g aunf JO 4OV JapUN SUBIPUT g 0} poqIO[[B solOB ORF puB ‘(ETZ ‘AIXXX) 906T
‘g aun JO JOB JopUuN SUBIPUT ETg 0} paqjOT[[V 910M 'Sa10B 7G'6C0'ZS ‘(TOS *“AIXXX)
906T ‘0Z “ABIX JO JOB JOPUN Sa}IS UMO}] IOF POAIOSAL IIOM SO1OB Z6'TFS'T ‘OO6T
‘9 oun JO JOB LopUN 4IvdB Jos PUT SUIZVIS SO1NB YOO'OSF OUI TO * (OPES ‘TITXXX)
FOBT ‘62 “ABI puB ‘(9Z0Z ‘ITXXx) ZOBI ‘F_3dog ‘(2006 ‘IIXXX) ZO6T ‘ez ouNL
*(GL6L ‘UXXX) O61 ‘F A[nE JO SUONBMEB[DOId SjUdpPIsAIg *JUITIOT}}es 07 pousdo
SBM SaIOB ggc'sso'Z JO eNnpIser oy) ‘sosodind Joyo puB ‘snoTstfes ‘Tooyos ‘AouesB
IO} POAdosas SOO’ Z16‘TL PUB SUBIPUT 6CL'Z 0} poJO[[B Udeq DAVY SO10B REe'ehP
YSIGM JO ‘salow’ g68'sxP'Z PooBIquIe UOIsseD OY, “(919 ‘IXXX) OD6I ‘9 OUNL JO
qow8 Aq poytyes ‘ERT ‘9 "JOO OpBUL yUSUIEDIZB ‘(68g ‘TSG ‘AX) LOST ‘TZ “JOO JO AyworL
“(TOOL ‘1X XX) 06T “Eg “BIN
JO 40B !(898 ‘xIxx) G6RT ‘ST ABW “UOpIsoIg 94) JO UOTBUIB[DOId Aq QUDTAATQIOS
0} pauedo svM onptsar oy} ‘sosodind [ooyos pu ‘AouaseB ‘UOISSTUIIOJ PoAIosoL
S010B ZL'6LF ‘SUBIPUT E8Z 0} P2IJO[[B 91M SOIOV CT"6ZG'ZZ “(LEG ‘IIAXX) E68T ‘E
“IB JO JOB Aq poylyVA ‘TEST ‘TZ 9UNL Jo JUNTIOAISR fEegeT ‘cL “Sny ‘tapio OATINOOX|
*poyep jou ‘JuUdTIOAISB SUTAITYVA ‘(989 ‘TIX XxX)
Z06E ‘I AME JO JOB ‘suBIPUT LFZ 0} pez,0T1B ‘sorOV 118'66 ‘IOPUTBUIOY ‘o4IS
UMO} PUB ‘[OOYOS ‘AIO}J9UIOD IOJ POAIOSOI 8910B 09Z *(8zZ ‘IIAX) LET ‘¢ UNL JO OV
Seen Sls “BOM ‘MBYSBLUBLY ‘BILOA ‘TUIBITT ‘VIYSBySBy
a data aie'e's olaie|| maumevepe ls araie Ge atic eis ais oslo cite seine ak ee ere ee oeuMtd
L8¢ ‘T “Jnaog sp aypooy pues YO sprvyourxyg JO BM VIO
a aera 2 og aes © guage Sy apie QYOUBUIOD PUB BOTY
poem SETS -="""-Q0dByorIy
Sis alae ain = ot n= 2 ine TTT
[B. A. B.
RESERVATIONS
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oD
"(79% ‘Xxx
‘ZO6L ‘LG ABIN JO Jou Aq poylyva ‘TOT ‘% “09M JO JUSTIOAISE) POS ‘Soro’ Epc'zZ ‘anp
-1Sot 94} ‘sosodind AduasB IO} POAIOSoI SA1OV 98 PUB '‘SUBLPUT FX OF Po}IOT[B aIOA
SO1OB TS'PSE‘OL "(LPP ‘IIIAX) CART ‘g ‘rey podoadde yow uonemdoidde uvipuy ut
SSALSUOD AG poULIYUOD puB ‘PART ‘eZ OUNL 9pBU ‘ODOPO| YIM JUSUIBEISB *(ETG
‘AX) LOST ‘8 “Gea pus ‘(TIP ‘1A) ZEST “6% “OO ‘(1¢g ‘IIA) Test ‘0z AIn¢ Jo sorywory,
“(39% ‘IUXXX) ZO6I ‘Lz ABN JO
joe Aq poy ‘106 ‘Z ‘00d JO JUBTIOOISW ‘sosodind jooyos puv ‘yornyd ‘yuou
-UIDAOYH IO] POALABII SOLOW ZZ'FOL PUB ‘SUBIPU]T ZO 0} PO}OT[B 919M SOIOB GG*TZg‘ez
“(81g ‘AX) LOST ‘83 “GOA PUB ‘(LTP ILA) ZEST ‘6a ‘00 ‘(SFE 1A) TEST ‘8a ag JO ie
“(L9G ‘XXX
R68T ‘T Aine poaordde ssorsu0p yo oR Aq poytied ‘268T ‘9T “ood OpBU JUOTIOOIS Vy
*(0GZ ‘IXXX) 0061 ‘Z OUNL JO JoR Aq poyTVs ‘G68T ‘Z “90O JOQUSMIBDISW ‘cg ‘d ‘g
‘TOA ‘yood AjvdI} UL papdloOdoad JUoMIOIISy *(6RRT ‘Z ‘ABI poAoidde yor uonerud
-O1ddB UBIPUT 998) 6R8I ‘YI “ABW JO JuoTMIeISW *(G9z ‘IIXX) ZBI ‘G “Sny Jo JoB
ANUS YoOp PuB ‘TRel ‘FL ‘Goq ‘WUouToeIsB yooID !(Gcy ‘ATX) 99ST ‘1% “ABN JO A]BOLT,
*(686 ‘IIAXX) T68T ‘ST ‘Jdag ‘uonruepooid sjueptserg oy Aq
jUeTI9TI}9S 0} pouado sv oNpIsed 9y} ‘sosodind AvtoesR puB [OOYOS IO} paaArosad
89108 008 PUB SUBIPUT BPG 0} pozJOT[V 919M SIO’ P9°E89'L8 AGP ‘IAXX) T68I ‘ET
“Gag JO Jow AG POYyVI ‘O68T ‘ZL OUNL JO JUSTTOGIZB (CGP ‘AX) LOST ‘ST “Gag Jo Sea
“(166
‘ITIXXX) S061 ‘G‘IBITJOIDV *(L90T ‘TXXX) TO6T ‘g “ABW podAordde yow uoMviadoiddy
UBIPU] Ul poylyes ‘6681 ‘Z ‘UBL JOIUNUMIODISY (106 ‘IIIAXX) CEST ‘Z “ABI poaordde ©
joe uonedoidde uvipuy UL peytyer ‘e6gT ‘ez “IBN JO JUOUIOOISy ‘sosodind
YoINYO IOF satov Op PUB “[OOYS IOJ poAdosor S910B OOF ‘SUBIPUT LZ 0} PAOT[B |
ALM SOIOV TZ'GhS'9G “(SIG ‘AX) LOST ‘8% “COA PUB ‘(FP ITA) SST ‘SL ABIL JO veer |
“(686
‘TIAXX) T68T ‘ST 3dag Jo UOTeMROOId sQudpIsoIg 94} Aq JuUdTTA]1}08 0} pousdo
SBM ONPISel oy} puB ‘sesodind yUsMIUIDAOS OJ POAIOSAI BIOM SaIDB EO'NTE ‘aa
-MBYG 99}UASGB EOG OF SOLOW LF TSL‘OL ‘TULOJVBM BIO GRF‘T O1 POJOT[V IIOM SIDR
ZP'6LI'EIZ] ‘SPURT O[OULULAY Sa1oV [TEg'ggg PUB SpUB] Popdd YooaID 91B S919B OTL ‘77%
*(IZOT-910T ‘IAXX) 1681 ‘G “IB JO 308 uONBIadoIdde uvIpuy oy) Aq powAyUOD
puB poyliBI ‘OBST ‘9Z UNL ‘AOUM BY 99}UeSqB PUB ‘cz DUNE ‘TUIOJVM ROG UdZIIIO
YPM S}UIUIDIISB '(GCT ‘IIAX) SL8T ‘8s ABI JO 0B ‘(Teg ‘AX) LOST ‘ZZ “Qaq JO AIwBory
‘(L1G ‘IIXXX) POGT ‘TZ “Ady paaoud
-de ow uoneidoidds uvtpuy ‘so1ov 07g paAdasaIUN puvw psazOT[BVUN SUTABET
‘sarov g@"ezg sosodind Adojouled pure ‘UOISsLUm ‘[oOYoS ‘AOUaSB IOJ PoAIasoI PUB
‘SO10B GL'0CO' TOL SUBIPUT PRL 0} PajOT[V Udeq VABY 910} ‘(GLP ‘IA ‘Speed UBTpPUT)
E881 ‘FL oun poyep ‘voyOIoyO Wory poop Aq poureiqg ‘(ZZP ‘IXX) ISSl ‘g “ABI
pus ‘(94 ‘XX) SL8T ‘LG ABIN ‘(182 ‘XIX) LL8T ‘S ‘ABI '(Z6T ‘XIX) OL8T ‘GL “sny Jo soy
fiseee eceein ers ae (esas sess eel er DOUMBYY Usajsvy ‘Boouesg
Se Sn eS ae ee ae ke ee ee eee BOIVUAS
Fee an to aa re pee te d[OULUIAaS
~---TddIssisstf{ OY} JO SeXOY puB yng ‘BMRIIO
ed aia eM rr Silas rae EEOC ot olf ae
By tote Sa ate OO LUA ELT ey
[pbecbos seers --" BQaTIAG
| ae ee ete Pact a [OUINIES
Satie; | ebain eee ratte xO puB ORS
Bosra T ysise Ss sir sine MBA BIC
Ak Care ae TULOJUMBIOT
wouog
‘ponuyuoj—V WOHV1IN0
—Aq poust[qeysg |
‘SsolOV
‘soqlly
“UOTJBALOSOYY
*poenuljyuo/)— LNAWHSITAVISY SLI YOd ALIMOHLNY UNV ‘Ca AMASAY, ATITVIOGdS YO AALLOTTIV
LON VauNV ‘LI OL DNIDNOTAM WO YONIAdNOIO SMa1y TL “JOOHOS uO AONGDY LVYHA YAACNOD ‘SOG NI NOILVANASAY NVIGNY HOVA DNIMOHS ATACAHOG
385
RESERVATIONS
BULL. 30]
“IB pus ‘(gez ‘IXXX) O06T ‘TE ABI JosIOV
‘gh
. 7
‘{UdTTIO[[B JO ssa001d UL MOU DIB SpuBT ‘sol0B
TIIZ‘TIT JO onpriser B SUTABIT ‘SOIOB 06'910'T Sasodaind snorstper pus ‘poops ‘AoueseB
IOJ POAIOSAL PUB ‘Sa1OB 1Q"SSL'ZLT SUBLPUT OFS O} P9OT[[B Useq OABY BIO, “(FECT
‘TAXX) 0681 ‘OL ‘G9qa JO UONBUIE[OOId SjuUopISeIg {(888 ‘AXX) BRB ‘Z ‘ABIL JO Jor
*Cg8T ‘LTady Jo uoyvurepooid sjuepiserg oy} Aq poT[nuUE ‘eggT ‘2% “Gay ‘1eps0
OAIINOOXY pus ‘(Gg9 ‘AX) BOST '6Z ‘Ad V JO A7BOI ‘gggT ‘LT AtuG “QUOMAJIBdEp Jo JOpIC |
*poArosolUN pus pooT[Bun ‘sa10B
g0T'zze ‘onpIsor ayy, ‘sosodind Ayuase pur ‘Tooyas ‘Yon YO IO} poAIOsad SA10B CLT
PUB ‘SULTPUT 696 O} PAIOT[B 919A 810 Ch'969 ‘OFT * (896 ‘IIX) CCRT ‘cz oUNL JO AyBaIT,
“(O82 ‘IIXXX) Z06T ‘T A[n¢ JoyoW ‘sasodind uoIsstut puB [OOYdS IO}
POAIOSAI S910B ORG PUB SUBIPU] E68 0} POIOTL[B IIOM SAIOB 06'EE6'9L ‘BRST ‘pb ‘99d
‘IOTINJUT 9Y} JO AIBJaINAg JO SIapIO !(GGG ‘AXX) QSsT ‘ZT IOO JO 4B !(OpE ‘1IIXxX)
C8ST “S “TBI JO JOR £(16% ‘ILXX) ZBI ‘G “sny JO yoV ‘(GHG ‘ITX) CcgT ‘6 ouNL yo AyeolL
*(G80T ‘IXXX) TO6L‘S
‘(998 ‘XIXX ‘C68T ‘OT ABN Jo UONBUR]
-001d §,JUAPISETd ) 89}B1G pou 0} papodd sBa ‘sUOT}deS Gg ydadxKA ‘sarIOB 99°E9G'LLT
JO ONPI[sSeI OY} ‘SUBIPUT [Gg 0} po}JO[[B 919M SOLO’ FE'OTL'Lh “(ETE ‘IIIAXX) PERT ‘GT
‘BnY JO 40B A PaYT}BI ‘ZEST ‘TE “190 JO JUOMMODISY :(OPP ‘IIIAX) GET ‘g “TBI JO 90B
‘OST ‘IZ “00 PUB ‘CERT ‘6 “AON ‘S1OPIO OATINOOX| ‘est ‘TL “sny Jo Aywo1} poyyBsuy
‘JUdUTJO[[B JO ssad01d UL MOUSpUBT *(EEOT ‘IIIXxXxX)
GO6T “S “IB JO 40B :(Z0% ‘MIXXX) FO6L ‘IZ “ady podAoidde 4ov uoneradoidde utp
-UT *(09% ‘IIXXX) Z06L'LZ ABW JOIY “poArosoiuN puvB pozJOT[BUN ‘sa1OB 9RT'ZL8
‘Mpise1 ey, ‘sesodind yqornyo puw ‘foods ‘AouasB 10J P9AIasad S910B 1L/,F60'9 PUB
‘SUBIPUT PLL‘T 0} Po} IO[[B O1OA. SOIOBZO'GIL'LLT “(LOL ‘IAX) POST ‘FT “WOO JO ABarL,
“L061 ‘LZ oun JO JUOTMIVOISY SULAT
“1781 puw Sutpuoure ‘(19¢ ‘ITIXXX) FO6T ‘8Z “Idy JO JOV ‘sUBIPUT 69Z 0} poqOTTB
S010B SPL‘ PUB OSM JUIUIUIBOAOS IO} PAAIOSAI DIOM SOIOB OFF “LEST ‘Og oun
‘JoplO VAINOOX| +(Z86 ‘X) Gest ‘TZ ‘ood puB ‘(SPILT ‘X) CEST ‘ZZ “UBL JO SoTPROLT,
: *po}OT[BUN ZL'FEeg Suravgy ‘00 ‘sayoINYO IOJ poAdosad SoIOV OT
PUB ‘SUBIPUT [FZ OF Po} O[[B 19M Sas9V FE"G69'0Z “(SIG ‘AX) LOST ‘Z “Goq Jo AyBory,
‘IOALL paw 94 Jo
FIO YON OY} JO ISOM SPURL PosBdT MBIDOYO puR MBSByOIYO pordnos0ug = *(gz8
“XIXX) 9687 ‘91 “IB JO uONvUIE[OOId SjuopIserg ‘(SIT ‘XIXX) 9681 ‘F ABI JO JOV
“(GL6T ‘IXXX) TO6T ‘b A[ne Jo UONRVurepsoid sjuopIsalgd “jUoTIOT}
-J98 0} pottodo SBM Sa10¥ gOP‘9gG JO eNpIser oy] pure ‘sesodand 1940 puB ‘SsNOLST[Ad
‘LOOYdS ‘ADUSV OJ POAIOSOI SALNB [CL 'f ‘SUBIPUT G96 01 POOTL[R OLAM SOIOW 166'ZGT
“(C68 ‘IIIAXX) G68T ‘Z “IRIN JO 30B Aq poyTreI ‘TEST ‘F ounL OpPBUL JUMMIIIISB ‘Z/8T
‘6L “100 JO JUDODISB poyTBiUN ! (FEL ‘ATX) SOLBMBLOG UIT ‘OORT ‘F ATE JO AVBALT,
*xnors (vduousyod) 91}}9 4 OMT pus
[TL ‘TIT ‘nofmooruryy ‘o[nig JOMOT ‘TRUO] YUBA IOMO'T
PIS ‘113 ‘T
‘oosBAA ‘(TUNATLL) ssutidg ure AA
SOT ‘Ze ‘ourudy ‘ainreg ‘Aug uyor ‘(qorA) saynyoO seq
028 ‘62 ie ate eee aa BI[BMBI[BVA ‘BITVBUTQ ‘asuABp
*sI9O
ueeqWIy] pus ‘enbduyg ‘ruynjny ‘MeBisnig
‘({ZYNBANTYS) BOYISNIBS '(BJSOOBISBYH) BISBYS
‘U0JOYS ‘(VISBYO) IJOATY onsoy ‘TurRRVMy
002 ‘8 ‘uRsnY ‘(OUUN}OUIINA YATYSTA ) O[TIMbOD ‘vos, y
*(TuoYsoYyg) soxBug Jo purq
urysnyBsxA pus ‘(idedpeay) odedyeay ‘(tM Bur
98T ‘ZL8 -OYOV) IOATY Ud ‘oynw_ ‘oopow ‘y}eureyy
*([OULB) [LGU A
‘oyede A ‘wnbdurg ‘1yBVMuN Ty, ‘(B]sooBRIsBYyO )
Biseyg ‘wRyUBg ‘(BisByO) IOATY onsoy
“BOOLgSON ‘(BI [BLOT) Below ‘(Ryeuodeayo)
JOAIY SALIBA ‘nTUTyeyT ‘(vurjonyyueyBN)
ae ee em eget YOO) MOD ‘sBUIBYIBID de eoontipad) vAnde[ey
ECP ‘COL ‘6
ONG). Wet camer eee rat Tare cng yopuBs
Ig ‘Tag ‘g
9L¢ ‘TTS ‘T
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‘yeyory ‘(TeureH) Tuoy ‘sorwMeleqd ‘oppsd
‘oseqou
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ssunidg ue
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eiseieeisnieeced seventies Z\OTIS
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25
3456°—Bull. 30, pt 2—07
RESERVATIONS [B. A. B.
386
A0uUd38B 10 PeAdosal sa10B g9' ESE ‘TL DUB ‘SUBIPUT F09'Z 0} poqO[[B Udoq BABY SaIOB
TS'686'FS8 “FOGT ‘6% ATUL JO JUEPIsorg JO AJLMOYJNB puB'(gg8‘AXX) RSL ‘G'ABIN JO
qoB JapuyQ (‘BYSBIQAN 99S) “40BI} |[BUOIJIPp¥B XNOIg 944 Suniysuod ‘sasodind
[OOYOS UBIPU]T 10fJ JAVdv JOS 91BM PULT SIU} JO S010¥ OFO ‘FOBT ‘0G "GAH JO JapIO 9aty
-nooxy Aq pus ‘POET ‘GZ UBL JO JapIO DATJNOAXY Aq ULBUOp OI[Gnd 9y} 0} poroOjser
SBM PUB ‘Z8ST ‘FZ “UBL JO JapIO dATINDOXY Aq Jrvdv qos SYM BASBIGQON Ul sa10B
000'%E JO J0B1} VW (‘OL‘XIXX 968T‘0Z ‘Ged JO 40B 99g) *(POCT ‘IAXX) O6ST ‘OT “Qa
JO UOTBUIB[OOId S,jUApPISeIg “(898 ‘AXX) 68ST ‘Z IB JOIV ‘pojydaoor you ‘(FE
*‘AXX) Q88T ‘0g Idy JoJOW (‘cOg‘AIX ‘SOO URIPUT ‘OSI 99S 1X0} OT !PZQ ‘IIXxX -
‘east ‘eg iB poAoidde 10¥ woretidoidde [1A10 AIpUNS 998 UOTBOYIPOU LOY) “ZEST
‘L1'J0O JO JUMTIADISV POYBIU ‘FREl ‘0% “ABI PUB ‘6/8T ‘6 “SnV ‘sIopIO 9ATIN
~OOXT te *XIX) LUST ‘82 ‘Q9q JO 0B Aq PoyTyBI JUSMIOAISB ‘9/8T ‘8Z "AON PUB ‘CLT
‘oz ABI PUB ‘OT “IVI ‘TL “UBL ‘SsIOpPIO OATINOOXT ‘(¢g9 ‘AX) S98T ‘6a “IdV JO A}BOIL | IZL‘er6 ‘T
‘LOBE ‘ZL “Sny JO uOlNBuUIB[DOId 8,.uUap
sold pue ‘(PZT ‘AIXXX) 9061 ‘TZ’IdV JO 0B 99g ‘SolO¥ F6'6ZL‘661 POATOSOIUN
pus pozjo[[vun SurAvoy ‘sosodind snorsijer puv ‘Tooyos ‘AouesB IO} poaresod
80108 90'$96 PUB ‘sUBIPUT GEG 0} PdazOT[B B1AM SaIOB gcg‘TcT ‘saywis poyuyQ
94} 0} 89.10B 000‘0ZT sutped ‘(GOST ‘XXX) 6681 ‘S “TBI JO JOB Aq poyTyVs ‘QEST ‘T “IRI
SPBUL JUIMMBAISB :(OT “XIXX) 96ST ‘0% “Gad JO 0B :(POGT ‘IAXX) O6ST ‘OL ‘Gaq Jo
WOT BUIB[JOId 8 JUNPISeT ‘(QQR‘AXX) GBSL'Z IB JOJOW “pojydeoow 1oOU ‘(Fe ‘AXX)
‘S881 ‘0g idy Jo OV (-cOg ‘AIX ‘S00 UBIPUT “OST 988 4X9} IOF :(FZ9 ‘IIXX) ESBT
‘g “IB poAoidds joB uoNeadordds [IArd AIpuns 908 UOTBOYTPOM JOY) “Z8RT ‘LT
"JOO JO JUDMIIGISB POYNVIUL) ‘FRI ‘OZ “ABI PU ‘LST ‘6 “SNV ‘S1opIO VATINIOXT
:(FGG ‘XIX) LLB ‘8 “Ged JO Jow Aq poyT}Vs ‘JUeTIO0I3B ‘9/8T ‘8g “AON PUB ‘CL8T
0G ABI PUB ‘OT “IBY ‘TL “UBL ‘sIopIO BAT]NOOX| ‘(gg ‘AX) 89ST ‘6a “Ady Jo AjBaIY, | OSL ‘“66T
‘s010B
€6°806 LPS'Z P2}4O[[BUN SUIABI] ‘SUBEPU] F6 0} PO}JOT[B W99q OABY S010B GO'TES9‘0ZE
“(OPEZ ‘TIIXXX) FOGT ‘OS “ABIN PUB ‘(GE0Z ‘IIXXX) OBL ‘2 “aq JO suoteuBpooid
§jUepIsedd ‘(OT ‘XIXX) 968T ‘02 ‘9d JO 0B ‘(FECT ‘IAXX) O68T ‘OT ‘Goq JO uoTy
-BUIB[DOId SjUOpIselg ‘(888 ‘AXX) 68ST ‘Z ‘ABIN JO IOV ‘paidedoR you ‘(FG ‘AXX)
SSSI ‘0g ‘Idy JoJOW *(GOg ‘ATX “SOO UBIPUT “OST 998 4X94 OF :(PZ9 ‘IEXX) SBQT
‘g “Ivy podoidde joR uo Biudoiddey [1Ato AIpUNs 9os UOTYBOYTIPOU IO) “ZEST ‘LT
400 JO JUATIOIISB POYIPBVIUN ‘PRgt ‘OZ “ABIN PUB ‘GLRT ‘6 “SNY ‘sIepIoO VATINIAXY
:(fEZ ‘XIX) LLRT ‘8% ‘Qoq JO yoR Aq poyTyvI ‘JUdMIIEISB ‘9/8T ‘gz ‘AON PUB ‘cLET
0Z ABIL PUB ‘OT “IB ‘TT “uve ‘sIOpIO BATJNOAXT ‘(cEg ‘AX) SO8T ‘6Z “Id V JO AqBarL
*(LTOT ‘IIAXX) Z68T ‘TT ‘ady Jo uoNeurepooid s,juopisesg oy Aq JUTE
-9[1308 0} pouedo sR ‘so1OB OF'8L9'PLG ‘ONpIsel oy} puvB ‘sasodind AduosB puB
YON 1OJ Sa1OV [O'LFE‘T ‘Sasodind JOOS AOJ PAAIOSOI SOIOV CZ OFS ‘ZE ‘SUBIPUT 6EE'T
0} P21} 0T[B 91OM SOIOB Z6'F06'608 *(SS0I-GkOT ‘IAXX) T68T ‘e “TBI JO Jow Aq pays
‘68ST ‘ZL ‘00d JO JUSTIOAISB ‘(LOT ‘IIIAX) FL8I ‘zz 9UNL poAordde joe uoNeadoidds
UBIPU] UL powIyUod ‘Z7gT ‘OZ "}dag JO JUDTMOAISB ‘(COG ‘AX) LOST ‘6LT ‘Geq Jo Aywory,
~-9uuesOYO UIOYJION ‘Xnorg BIBLsO pus 9g[nIg
“"""" XNOIG IBUOJAUBA IOMOT PUB IMIG IOMOT
*xnorg (wduouseyogd) 91}}0y OM, puv
602 ‘LFS ‘% | ‘sory sug ‘nofuoorury ‘(vdeseyis) Joos Hout
FT COREE A See ape eae aa XNOIS u0jadY BA pues U0 JSST
set ee este ee eee es aSpTy ould
0 Aaa woeeesso[nig JOMOT
Ciagale eee OSIOABL, OYV'T
‘PAuoO—-V LOMVA HLOOS
—Aq payst[qRyIsy *sol0V ‘SOqIIy
“UOT}RBAIASOY
*ponulyuoy—iINGAWHSITAVISY SLI YOX ALIMOHLOY AONV ‘da Auasay ATIVIOGUdG WO GALLOTTY
LON Vauy ‘LI OL DNIDNOTAA WO ONIAdNOOO SHAIDT, ‘TooHOYg HO AONGOY LVHM YHANND ‘S06L NI NOILVANASEY NVIGNT HOVE SNIMOHS ATOAGHAHOG
we
387
RESERVATIONS
BULL. 30]
*(¢¢ ‘AIXXX ‘Q06T ‘8 ‘TBI JO 0B
pue ‘9ggt ‘TZ ABIL JO JapIO BAIINIOX| 908) SUBIPUT OF 02 Po}JOT[B So19B Og'ZLT'GZ
C68T ‘6 ‘URE JO JAepIO VATJNOOX| pues ‘FEgt ‘0Z “Ady puBTL “ady Jo siapso UOTE
-jrvdap ‘F687 ‘6 “IB ‘98ST ‘T ABIL ‘sdopsio 9AYNOOX| *(6L ‘TIXX) PFRgT ‘p Aju jo
gow AG poylyes ‘eget ‘2 ATL opBUl JUSMIOOISY "(64 ‘IITXX) PRET ‘p A[NL Jo 408 UOTT
-elidoidde UvIpUuy ‘E8sT ‘8% “Ged PUB ‘OSST ‘9 “ABI ‘6L8T ‘“6T “Ady ‘stopro dATNOIXT
*pUuv] OU} [[B SULIOAOD ‘SUOTOATOS
PBOISOTLOY OPBUISUBIPUT 9g “AIJUO PBOJSOMMOY UBIPUT IOJ ULBUTOp oI[Gnd 9y} 04
pe1ojsat SBA ‘SoIOB Eggers ‘ONpISaI oy} ‘sosodind [OOVS OJ OpPISVB Jos S910B [LF
‘OS8T‘T “990 ‘Iopio VAINOIX| ‘F9ST ‘g AINE ‘IOle}UT oY} IO ArBJoIOIg OY} JO IapIO
“(PPL ‘IIXXX) ZO6L ‘61 OUNL JO MOMNTOSeI yUIOr *(Z9 ‘xxx)
LOST ‘L 9uNL JO Jou Aq ULBMOp dI[Gnd oY} 0} pa10jSeT WOTBAIESAI 94} JO Iser 9}
PUB SUBIPUT E8 0} PI}JOT[B SO1NB OFG'ZL “ZEST ‘G‘UBL ‘IOpIO OATINIOX| ‘(661 ‘IxXxX)
OSST ‘9 IB JO JUDMIDOISB OY} SUIATIBI ‘OST ‘eT ouNL poAoiddsB ssarsuO0D Jo IOV
*PO9AIOSIIUN PUB Po}qOT[BUN ‘Sa10¥ CO'FET ‘GL ‘ONPISAI 9} ‘WON BUIB[II JapUN sal0B
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‘£1 U9 PB9JSOMIOY 0} pouado s910¥B G8z'F00'T ‘SO}IS-UMO} SB SOINB (NT'Z ‘AAIOSAL JSOIOT
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BULL. 30]
There are some small State reservations
in Maine, New York (including Long
Island), Virginia, and South Carolina.
Indian reservations in Canada, especi-
ally in the western part, appear to have
been formed for bands or minor divisions,
seldom for entire tribes, and the land set
apart was usually a small area, sometimes
not exceeding 4 acres, due to the fact
that the Indians were simply confirmed
in possession of their residence tracts in-
stead of being collected on reservations
especially established for such purpose.
These tracts appear to have been reserved
in some instances in accordance with
treaties, in some by special act of Parlia-
ment, in some by the decision of the mili-
tary council, and in others by an Indian
commissioner. Special names were usu-
ally given, but the reservations of each
province or district were numbered. The
reservations in the Dominion number
several hundred. (cs)
Reservoirs. See Irrigation, Receptacles.
Resochiki (Res-o-chi/-kt, ‘cave place’).
The name of several small independent
rancherias of the Tarahumare in Chi-
huahua, Mexico.—Lumbholtz, inf’n, 1894.
Restigouche. An important Micmac
village on the nN. bank of Restigouche r.,
near its mouth, in Bonaventure co.,
Quebec. The French mission of Sainte
Anne was established there in the 17th
century. In 1884 the village contained
464 souls; in 1909, 498.
Cross Point.—Bradley, Atlas, 1885. Mission
Point.—Can. Ind. Aff. for 1884, xxv, 1885. Misti-
gouche.—Beauharnois (1745) in N. Y. Doc. Col.
Hist., x, 15,1858. _Octagouche.—Coffen (1754), ibid.,
VI, 835, 1855. Ouristigouche.—De Levis (1760),
ibid., x, 1100, 1858. Papechigunach.—Vetromile,
Abnakis, 59, 1866 (=‘place for spring amuse-
ments’). Restigouche.—Can. Ind. Aff. 1880, 32,
1881. Ristigouche.—Le Clereq (ca. 1685) quoted
by Shea, Discov. Miss. Val., 86,1852. Ristigutch.—
Vetromile, Abnakis, 59, 1866. Sainte-Anne de Ré-
stigouche.—Roy, Noms Géographiques Québec,
Retawichic ( Ret-a-wi’-chic, ‘warm land’ ).
Asmall pueblo of the Tarahumare on the
‘‘Camina Real’’ toward Batopilas, Chi-
huahua, Mexico.
Retawichi.—Lumholtz, inf’n, 1894. Tetagui-
chic.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., 328, 1864 (Mexican
name),
Reyata Band. A Santee Sioux band
under Sky Man in 1853 and 1862.—Hin-
man, Jour., 3, 1869.
Reyes (Span.: Los Reyes, ‘twelfth-
night’). Apparently a rancheria of the
Sobaipuri on the Rio Santa Cruz, in the
present s. Arizona, in Spanish colonial
times.—Kino, map (1701), in Bancroft,
Ariz. and N. Mex., 360, 1889; Venegas,
Hist. Cal., 1, map, 1759.
Rgheyinestunne ( Rx6/-yi-nés-yzimni’). A
former village of the Mishikhwutmetunne
on Coquille r., Oreg.—Dorsey in Jour.
Am. Folk-lore, 11, 232, 1890.
Rhaap. Given as the name of a subdi-
vision of the Ntlakyapamuk residing on
RESERVOIRS—RICKAHAKE
391
or near the middle course of Fraser r.,
Brit. Col., in 1880. The initial letter in
the name is probably a misprint.
Rhombus. See Bull-roarer.
Rhyolite. A variously colored volcanic
rock having a glassy ground-mass, exten-
sively employed by the tribes of the Mid-
dle Atlantic states for making the larger
varieties of flaked implements. It occurs
in large bodies in South mtn. and other
Eastern Slope ranges to the n. and g.,
where it is usually grayish, sometimes
purplish-gray in color, and shows scat-
tered whitish crystals of feldspar. Native
quarries have been located on the moun-
tain slope near Fairfield, Pa., and it is
assumed that the countless implements of
this material found throughout an exten-
sive region to the s. and E. down to the
Atlantic coast came largely from this
source. Noteworthy in the distribution
of these quarry products are numerous
caches of long slender unspecialized
blades ranging from a few specimens to
two hundred or more. Consult Holmes
in 15th Rep. B. A. E.,1897. (w. 4. H.)
Ribnaia (Russian: ‘fish’). A Chnag-
miut Eskimo village on the right bank of
the lower Yukon, Alaska; pop. 40 in 1880.
Ruibnaia.—Petroff, Rep. on Alaska, 57, 1881.
Rybnia.—Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 12, 1884.
Rice Lake. A settlement of the Mis-
sisauga in the county of Northumber-
land, Ontario, usually called ‘‘ Rice Lake
Indians”’ on account of their proximity
to that body of water. In 1909 they
numbered 93. In the first half of the
19th century they were noted for their
skill in ‘‘ medicine.’’
Indians of Rice Lake,—Chamberlain in Jour. Am.
Folk-lore, I, 151,1888. Rice Lake band.—Can. Ind.
Aff. Rep. 1906, 17, 1907.
Rice Lake Band. A Chippewa band re-
siding on Rice lake, Barron co., Wis.
Their settlement, according to Warren,
was made as early as the year 1700.
They numbered 184 in 1909, under La
Pointe agency.
Rice Lake.—Warren (1852) in Minn. Hist. Soc.
Coll., v, 164, 1885. Rice Lake band.—Washington
treaty (1863) in U. S. Ind. Treat., 215, 1873.
Richardville, John B. See Peshewah.
Richibucto. A Micmac village at the
mouth of Richibucto r., in Kent co., N. B.
Elagibucto.—Vetromile, Abnakis, 58, 1866. Richi-
bouctou.—Bollan (1748) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll.,
1st .S, VI, 136, 1800. Richibuctos.—Keane in Stan-
ford, Compend., 533, 1878. Rigibucto.—Vetromile,
Abnakis, 58, 1866. Rishebouctou.—Frye (1760) in
Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., Ist s., x, 116, 1809. Rishe-
bucta.—Ibid., 115.
Richuchi ( Ri-chu-chi’, from the name of
a small red aquatic animal called by the
Mexicans sandifuela). Asmall rancheria
of the Tarahumare, not far from Noro-
gachic, s. w. Chihuahua, Mexico.—Lum-
holtz, inf?n, 1894.
Rickahake. A village of the Powhatan
confederacy in 1612, probably in the pres-
ent Norfolk co., Va. It was occupied by
392
some renegades who had formed a plot
against a ruling chief and fled to escape
punishment. The account is given by
Pory in Smith (1629), Va., 1, 64, repr.
1819. Cf. Righkahauk.
Riddle, Toby. See Winema.
Riechesni (Russian: ‘brook village’).
A former Aleut village on Little bay,
Akun, Krenitzin ids., Alaska; pop. 37 in
1830.
Raicheshnoe.—Veniaminof, Zapiski, 1, 202, 1840.
Raychevsnoi.—Veniaminof cited by Elliott, Cond.
Aff. Alaska, 235, 1875.
Righkahauk. A village in 1608, possi-
bly of the Chickahominy tribe, on the w.
bank of Chickahominy r., in New Kent
co., Va.—Smith (1629), Va., 1, map, repr.
1819. Cf. Rickahake.
Rincon (Span: ‘corner,’ in the S. W.
usually referring to a corner, angle, or re-
cess in a valley). A Luisefio village w.
of San Luis Rey, San Diego co., Cal., in
1883; not to be confounded with Rincon in
Riverside co. The name is now given
to a tract of 2,552.81 acres of patented
and allotted land, with 119 inhabitants,
under the Pala agency. See Ind. Aff.
Rep. for 1902, 175; for 1903, 147, 1904;
Jackson and Kinney, Rep. Mission Ind.,
29, 1883; Kelsey, Spec. Rep. Cal. Inds.,
33, 1906.
Ring stones. See Perforated stones.
Rique (‘place of panthers.’—Hewitt).
An important palisaded town of the an-
cient Erie, situated probably near the
present site of Erie, Erie co., Pa. In
1658 it was said to have been sacked by
1,200 Iroquois, although defended by be-
tween 2,000 and 3,000 combatants.
Erie.—Jes. Rel. 1641, 71, 1858. _Erige.—Macauley,
N. Y., 1, 119, 1829, Erike.—Ibid. Rigué.—Jes. Rel.
1656, 32, 1858. Rique.—Shea, note in Charlevoix,
New France, II, 266, 1866 (Onondaga name).
Rirak, A Yuit Eskimo village in Plover
bay, N. E. Siberia; pop. 24 in 4 houses
about 1895; 9 in 2 houses in 1901. The
people are of the Aiwan division and are
very poor.
I’en.—Bogoras, Chukchee, 29, 1904 (Chukchi
designation.) Ri/rak.—Ibid. (Eskimo name).
Tirik.—Nelson in 18th Rep. B. A. E., map, 1899.
Rising Moose. See Tamaha.
Ritanoe. A village, probably of the
Powhatan confederacy, in Virginia or
North Carolina about 1612, near some
copper mines.—Strachey (ca. 1612), Va.,
26, 1849.
Ritenbenk. A missionary station and
Danish trading post in n. Greenland, just
across the bight from Disko id.
Ritenbenk.—Meddelelser om Grénland, xxv, map,
1902. Rittenbenk.—Crantz, Hist. Greenland, I, pl.
I, 15, 1767. ~
Rito (Span.: ‘rite,’ ‘ceremony’). A
former pueblo of the Laguna Indians
on the s. bank of San José r., Valen-
cia co., N. Mex. It was deserted prior
to 1848, because those who lived higher
up on the Arroyo de Rito cut off all
the water of the stream in seasons when
RIDDLE—ROANOAK
{B. A. B.
they wanted to irrigate their lands, thus
depriving the people of Rito of it (Abert
in Emory Recon., 474, 1848). It is now
a small Mexican village, but there are a
few old Laguna houses there.
Ritual. See Ceremony, Religion.
River Desert. A band of Algonkin oc-
cupying the Maniwaki res., comprising
about 44,537 acres, on Desert r., at its
confluence with Gatineau r., Quebec.
The members of this band, numbering
409 in 1909, gain their livelihood by
‘‘shantying,”’ driving, hunting, and lum-
bering, and engage to a limited extent in
agriculture. The women make mocca-
sins, mittens, baskets, etc., while the men
manufacture snowshoes and ax-handles.
The older men drink to excess and are
rather dependent on the whites for em-
ployment.
River Indians. Used by Hubbard in
1680 (Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 2d s., v, 33,
1815) as a collective term for the Indians
formerly living on Connecticut r. above
the coast tribes.
River Rouge. An Algonkin settlement
in Ottawa co., Quebec, containing 31 Indi-
ans in 1884.—Can. Ind. Aff. 1884, 184,
1885.
River that Flies. A former band of the
Miniconjou Sioux.—Culbertson in Smith-
son. Rep. 1850, 142, 1851.
Roanoak (hoanok, ‘northern people’).
The first people with whom Amadas and
Barlowe came into contact after landing,
in July, 1584, on the island of Wococon
(wikdkan ‘curve’ or ‘bend,’ from its
shape as shown on White’s map), in what
is now North Carolina. The language of
the inhabitants being unintelligible, it was
but natural for them to mistake the word
Wingandacoa for the name of the country,
and the name Roanoak for that of the is-
land which these Indians inhabited. On
visiting this island (about 12 m. long) afew
days after their arrival, Barlowe and his
companions found at its northern end (a
location whence possibly the name of
the people) ‘‘a village of nine houses
built of Cedar, and fortified round about
with sharpe trees to keepe out their
enemies, and the entrance into it made
like a turne pike very artificially.”’? This
was the residence of Wingina, the wer-
owance of the Roanoak, and of Grangan-
ameo, his brother. White marks this
village ‘‘ Roanoac,’’ in accordance with
the custom of the early settlers, but not
of the natives, of designating Indian vil-
lages by the names of their inhabitants.
The name Roanoak, having been made
known in England by Barlowe, in his
report to Sir Walter Raleigh, became
fixed, in the form Roanoke, in geo-
graphical nomenclature as the name,
primarily, of an island; later it was ap-
plied to a river of Virginia and North
BULL. 50]
Carolina, a city and county of Virginia,
and villages in other states.
According to Mooney, the application
of the name Roanoak (roanoke, ronoke,
ronoak, the Virginia and North Carolina
term from some Algonquian dialect, which
the records of Maryland, Virginia, and
North Carolina constantly use to designate
wampum (q. v.) and for which Lawson
employs the form rawrenoc) should be re-
stricted to the village described above, one
of those of the Secotan tribe, in 1585-89,
under jurisdictionof Wingina. (w.R.G.)
Roanoke. A name applied, with sev-
eral variants, by the Virginia colonists, to
the shell beads employed by the neighbor-
ing Indians as articles of personal adorn-
ment or media of exchange; acase of sub-
stitution of a familiar word for one that
was ill understood and probably more
difficult to pronounce. Capt. John Smith
(1612 and 1624) gives the Powhatan
name for shell beads in the form of raw-
renock and vrawranoke, and William
Strachey defines rarenaw as ‘a chain of
beads.’ The root rdv means to ‘rub,’
‘abrade,’ ‘smooth,’ ‘polish.’ Theoriginal
word may have beenrdrenawok, ‘smoothed
shells,’ pl. of rarenaw. See Shellwork,
Wampum. (w. R. G.)
Robbiboe. A sort of pemmican soup
stated by Schele de Vere (Americanisms,
44, 1872) to be in use throughout the
N. W. among hunters, trappers, and
others. This is the Canadian French
rababou, a soup of flour and pemmican
used by the voyageurs and early settlers.
The word is probably derived from
nabob, ornapop, which signifies ‘broth’ in
the Chippewa and closely related dialects
of Algonquian, with » converted intor as
in some languages of this stock. (A. F.C.)
Robesco. A rancheria of the Eudeve
and the seat of a mission dating from
1673. Situated in central Sonora, Mexico,
about lat. 29°, lon. 110°. Pop. 330 in
1678, and but 8 in 1730.
Robesco.—Rivera (1730) quoted by Bancroft, No.
Mex. States, I, 513, 1884. San Francisco de Javier
Reboyco.—Zapata (1678) in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th
$., III, 355, 1857. §. Fran. Javier Reboico.—Zapata
Sad quoted by Bancroft, No. Mex. States, 1, 246,
1884.
Robinson, Alexander. A chief of the
Potawatomi, known also as Cheecheebing-
way; born at Mackinaw, Mich., in 1789.
His father was a Scotch trader, his mother
an Ottawa. Although but 5 years of age
when Gen. Anthony Wayne fought the
battle of the Miami in 1794, of which he
was an accidental observer, Robinson re-
tained a vivid recollection of what he saw
on that occasion. He was present at the
surrender of the fort at Chicago during
the War of 1812, and tried in vain to pre-
vent the massacre of the troops, succeed-
ing in carrying off Capt. Helm, the
commandant, and his wife, in a canoe,
ROANOK E—ROCKAHOMINY
393
traversing the entire length of L. Michi-
gan and placing them in safety at Mack-
inaw ( Wis. Hist. Soc. Coll., vir, 328, 1876).
It is stated that, probably in 1827, he
prevented the young men of his tribe from
making an attack on Ft Dearborn. In
the Black Hawk war of 1832 Robinson
and his people espoused the ceuse of the
whites, and, so far as they actively par-
ticipated, formed part of the force under
Gen. Atkinson and Gen. Henry. He
served as interpreter for Gen. Lewis Cass
during his treaty negotiations with the
Chippewa, June 6, 1820, and his name,
in the form Cheecheepinquay, is signed
to the treaty of Prairie du Chien, Wis.,
July 29, 1829; also, as Tshee-tshee-beeng-
guay, to the supplementary treaty of
Oct. 1, 1834. The sum of $5,000 was
allowed him, and $400 granted his chil-
dren. c. T.)
Rocameca (contraction of Old Abnaki
Nérakimiguk, ‘at (or on) the land up-
stream.’—Gerard). A formertribe of the
Abnaki confederacy on Androscoggin r.,
on the border of Oxford and Franklin
cos., Me. Their plantation extended for
several miles along both banks of the
stream. It is possible that they belonged
to the Arosaguntacook. (J. M.)
Arockamecook.—Ballard in Rep. U. S. Coast Sury.
1868, 247, 1871. Arrockaumecook.—McKeen in Me.
Hist. Soc. Coll., 111, 323,1853. Merocomecook.—Coffin
(1797), ibid., Iv, 340, 1856. Narakamig8.—French
letter (1721) in Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll., 2d s., vim,
262, 1819. Narrackomagog.—Niles (ca. 1761), ibid.,
3d s., VI, 246, 1837. Narrahamegock.—Penhallow
(1726) in N. H. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1, 88, 1824. Nar-
rakamegock.—Portsmouth treaty (1713) in Me.
Hist. Soe. Coll., v1, 250, 1859. Rocameca.—Russell,
ibid., 11, 167, 1847. Roccamecco.—McKeen, ibid.,
TIT, 328, 1853 (the tract). Rockamagug.—Penhallow
(1726) in N. H. Hist. Soe. Coll., 1, 122, 1824.
Rockamecook.—Perepcle in Me. Hist. Soe. Coll., 111,
333, 1853 (village). Rocomeco.—Coffin (1797), ibid.,
Iv, 340, 1856 (the point). Rouameuo.—McKeen,
ibid., 111, 323, 1853 (village).
Rocheachic (‘fish place’). A small
pueblo of the Tarahumare in Chihuahua,
Mexico.—Lumholtz, inf’n, 1894.
Roche de Beuf (French: ‘buffalo rock’).
An Ottawa village on the n. w. bank of
Maumee r., near Waterville, Lucas co.,
Ohio. In 1831 the reservation was sold
and the Indians removed to Kansas, where
they joined the Ottawa of Blanchard Fork,
and by treaty agreement were to become
citizens in 1867.
Fondagame.—Detroit treaty (1807) in Am. St. Pa-
pers, Ind. Aff., I, 747, 1832 (misprint for Tondaga-
nie, the chief). Roche dé Beuf.—Detroit treaty
(1807) in U. S. Ind. Treat., 193, 1878. Rocher de
Bout.—Hutchins, map (1778), in Butterfield, Wash-
ington-Irvine Corr., 354, 1882. Tendaganee’s vil-
lage.—Brown, West. Gaz., 164, 1817. Tondaganie.—
Maumee treaty (1819) in U.S. Ind. Treat., 203,
1873 (chief’s name).
Rockahominy. An Indian food prepara-
tion (the ‘‘cold flour’’ of Western hunt-
ers), used under different names (psita-
mun, nuk’ hik, yok’ hig, rok’ hig, pinole, tiste,
etc.) from Canada to Peru, and made of
parched corn (called by the Powhatan
394
Indians of Virginia déparuméndn, ‘parched
grain’) pounded into a very fine powder.
At the N. maple sugar is sometimes mixed
with it, and, in Texas, powdered mes-
quite beans, while still farther s. choco-
late and cane sugar enter into its compo-
sition. This preparation is carried in a
skin bag or pouch by the hunter, who
is able to subsist on it alone for several
daysatatime. It was formerly the prin-
cipal food of Indian war parties going on
distant expeditions, its bulk being re-
duced to the smallest possible compass,
and it being so light that the Indians
could, without inconvenience, carry a
supply sufficient for a long journey.
Under the name of mashika, it forms an
important part of the rations furnished
to the soldiers of the Peruvian army.
From Powhatan of Virginia (with a vo-
calic suffix due to English-speaking peo-
ple) rokahamén, a verb meaning, in its
indefinite sense, ‘softened’; cognate with
Lenape lok’hamén, and Abnaki nuk’-
hamen. (Ww. R. G.)
Rockaway (Renape: regawihdki, ‘sandy
land.’—Gerard.) A tribe formerly living
about Rockaway and Hempstead, on the
s. coast of Long id.. N. Y. They were
scattered over the plains and extended
n. w. to Newton. Their principal village
was Rechquaakie, besides which they
had another on Hog id., in Rockaway
bay.
Be eee ces of 1662 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,
XIV, 512,1883. Rechkewick.—Deed of 1647, ibid.,
68. Rechouwhacky.—Deed of 1639, ibid., 15. Recho-
wacky.—Stuyvesant (1663), ibid., XIII, 322, 1881.
Reckkeweck.—Deed of 1647, ibid., XIv, 66, 1883.
Reckkouwhacky.—Deed of 1669 quoted by Rutten-
ber, Ind. Geog. Names, 87, 1906. Reckomacki.—
Stuyvesant (1660) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., xiv,
474, 1883. Reckonhacky.—Doc. of 1644, ibid., 56.
Reckowacky.—Doc. of 1660, ibid., x1II, 184, 1881.
Roakaway.—Doc. of 1657, ibid., XIv, 416, 1883.
Rockaway.—Deed of 1648, ibid., 580. Rockeway.—
Doc. of 1675, ibid., 705. Rockway.—Andros (1675),
ibid., 709.
Rockaway. A two-seated pleasure car-
riage with a canopy top, named after
Rockaway, a river and a village in New
Jersey, derived from the Delaware dia-
lect of Algonquian prevalent in this re-
gion. (acer)
Rock Village. A former Potawatomi
village in nN. B. Illinois, on a reservation
sold in 1837.—Tippecanoe treaty (1832) in
U.S. Ind. Treat., 698, 1873; ‘Washington
treaty (1837), ibid., 715.
Rocky Point. A former Micmac village
on Prince Edward id., Canada.
Roenoke. See Roanoke.
Rokeag. An Indian food preparation
made of finely powdered parched corn:
spelled also roucheag and rokee. The
word is from Quiripi (Quinnipiac) rok’ hig,
abbreviated from rokthigan, and, like its
Massachuset and Pequot-Mohegan cog-
nates, nokehik and yokeag, means ‘(what
is) softened.’ (w. R. G.)
ROCKAWAY—RONOWADAINIE
[B. A. B.
Rokohamin. See Rockahominy.
Roktsho. The highest of the Chilula’
villages on Redwood er., N. Cal.
Rooktsu.—Kroeber, MS., Uniy.Cal. (Yurok name).
Roque-choh.—Gibbs in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes,
Il, 139, 1853.
Rolfe, Thomas. Thesonand only child
of the celebrated Pocahontas (q. v.) of
Virginia, by her husband John Rolfe.
He was born in England in 1617, shortly
before the death of his mother, and was
educated in London by his uncle, Henry
Rolfe. On reaching manhood he came to
America, where, in 1641, he petitioned
the Virginia government for permission to
visit his mother’s sister and uncle among
their people, then at war with the Eng-
lish. He is styled by one writer ‘‘agen-
tleman of great distinction and possessed
of ample fortune,’’ but his name is not
conspicuous in the records of his time.
He left one daughter, who in turn left
one son, through whom certain families
trace descent from Pocahontas. (J. M.)
Romaine (Ordménishipu, ‘vermilion
river,’ from Montagnais ordmdn ‘ vermil-
ion’, shipu ‘river.’—Gerard). A Mon-
tagnais village and trading station on the
coast of Labrador, at the mouth of Ro-
maine r. In 1884 the inhabitants num-
bered 287.
Grand Romaine.—Can. Ind. Aff. Rep. 1884, pt. 1,
185, 1885. Olomanosheebo.—Stearns, Labrador, 264,
1884. Romaine.—Ibid.
Roman Nose (Wogini, ‘hook nose’).
A former noted chief of the Himoiyogis
warriorsociety of the Southern Cheyenne.
The name ‘‘ Roman Nose”’ was given him
by the whites; his proper name was Sauts,
‘Bat.’ He was prominent in the Indian
wars along the Kansas frontier between
1864 and 1868, and led the attack at the
celebrated battle of Aricaree Fork or
Beecher’s Island, &. Colorado, Sept. 17-25,
1868, in which a company of 52 scouts
under command of Col. (Gen.) G. A. For-
syth successfully held off several hundred
Cheyenne warriors for 8 days until help
arrived. Roman Nose was shot in the
afternoon of the first day’s fight and died
that night in the Indian camp, to which
he had been removed by his friends.
See Cheyenne. (5. M.)
Romonan. A division of the Costanoan
family of California, presumably on San
Francisco peninsula and connected with
Dolores mission, San Francisco. Some-
times included under the term Costanos..
Romanons.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, May 31, 1861.
Ro-mo-nans.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 11, 506, 1852.
Rowanans.—Hittell, Hist. Cal., 1, 731, 1898.
Ronatewisichroone. The Iroquois name
of a tribe, probably Algonquian, formerly
living about the upper Great Lakes.
They sent a friendly message to the
Seneca in 1715.—Livingston (1715) in
N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., v, 445, 1855.
Ronowadainie. One of the 6 ‘‘casties”’
of the Amikwa, near Michilimackinac,
BULL. 30]
Mich., in 1723.—Albany Conf. (1723) in
N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., v, 693, 1855.
Root Diggers. A band, probably Sho-
shoni, but given by Culbertson (Smith-
son Rep. 1850, 144, 1851) as a Crow clan.
See Digger.
Roots. For economic as well as for re-
ligious purposes the Indians used the va-
rious parts of plants to a greater extent
than substances of animal or mineral char-
acter. This was the case even in the arid
region, although plants with edible roots
are limited mainly to areas having abun-
dant rainfall. The more important uses
of roots were for food, for medicine, and
for dyes, but there were many other
uses, as for basketry, cordage, fire-sticks,
cement, etc., and for chewing, making
salt, and flavoring.
Plants of the lily family furnished the
most abundant and useful root food of
the Indians throughout the U. §. The
Eskimo of Kowak r. ate roots of the wild
parsnip, which they secured from the
caches in the nests of field-mice. The
Indians of C. Flattery ate camas bulbs,
procured by trade from tribes to their
southward, as well as equisetum roots,
and roots of fern, grass, water plants,
clover, cinquefoil, and eelgrass. Equi-
setum tubers and eelgrass roots were
eaten raw; other roots were boiled by
means of hot stones or baked in pitovens.
Camas (q. v.) was a staple root-food from
the Wasatch mts. in Utah, northward
and westward; it was an article of wide-
spread commerce, influenced the migra-
tion of tribes, and might have become in
time the basis of primitive agriculture,
especially in the valley of Columbia r.
Leiberg says: ‘‘Every meadow was a
camas field. The plant was so plentiful
in many places that it is no exaggeration
to say that in the upper St Mary basin
more than half of the total herbaceous
vegetation in the lowlands was composed
of this one species.”” The Skitswish
people congregated here in the summer
to dig camas and to hunt deer. The root
was dug with a sharp-pointed stick. In
part of this area the kouse root (q. v.),
second only to camas in importance, was
dug in April or May, before camas was
in season. This root is the racine blanc
of the Canadian voyageurs. It was
pounded and made into thin cakes, a foot
wide and 3 ft long, which were ribbed
from the impression of the poles on which
they were laid over the fire to smoke-dry
or bake.
The tubers of the arrowhead plant
(Sagittaria arifolia and S. latifolia), wap-
patoo (q. v.) in Algonquian, were widely
used in the N. W. for food. When pass-
ing across Chewaucan marsh of the
Oregon plains, ©. of the Klamath res.,
Frémont noticed large patches of ground
ROOT DIGGERS—ROOTS
395
that had been torn up by Indian women
in digging the roots of the wappatoo.
The Chippewa and Atlantic Coast Indians
also made use of them. The roots of the
cattail flag and bur reed were eaten by
the Klamath of Oregon, who used also
the roots of carum, calochortus, and
valerian. The Nez Percés of Idaho ate
the balsam root (Balsamorrhiza incana
and B. sagittata), as well as the roots
of Carum gairdneri, Callirrhoé pedata, and
Ptilocalais sp.
The pomme blanche, Indian turnip, or
prairie potato (Psoralea esculenta) was
prized by tribes living on high plains from
the Saskatchewan to Louisianaand Texas.
The root was dug by women by means
of a pointed stick, then dried, pounded
to meal, and cooked with jerked meat
and corn. For winter use these roots
were cut in thin slices and dried. The
Sioux varied their diet with 1 oots of the
Indian turnip, two kinds of water lily,
the water grass, and the mdo of the
Sioux, called by the French pomme de
terre, the ground-nut (Apios apios). To
these may be added the tuber of milk-
weed (Asclepias tuberosa), valued by the
Sioux of the upper Platte, and the root
of the Jerusalem artichoke ( Helianthus
tuberosa), eaten by the Dakota of St
Croix r. Other Plains tribes gathered
esculent roots to eke out their food sup-
ply; among them the immense roots of
the wild potato (Jpomea leptophylla) were
dug with great labor and eaten by the
Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Kiowa. The
Miami, Shawnee, and other tribes of the
middle W. ate the ‘‘man of the earth’’
(Ipomea pandurata) and Jerusalem arti-
choke (Helianthus tuberosus). From the
universal habit among Californian tribes,
especially the Paiute, of gathering food
roots, the name ‘‘ Diggers’’ was applied
to them by the early settlers and has
remained to this day in popular usage.
The esculent roots growing in great vari-
ety in California were a considerable addi-
tion to the Indian larder. Among the
plants thus utilized were the brake, tule,
calochortus, camas, and various lilies.
Calochortus bulbs, called wild sago, were
eaten also by the tribes of Utah and
Arizona. The bulbs are starchy and
palatable, and itis said that the Mormons,
during their first five years in Utah, con-
sumed this root extensively.
In the 8. W. few edible roots are
found, though many medicinal roots are
gathered. The Hopi, Zufi, and other
tribes eat the tubers of the wild potato
(Solanum jamesii). The Southern and
Eastern tribes also made use of the potato.
Though this acrid tuber is unpalatable
and requires much preparation to render
it suitable for food, many tribes recog-
nized its value. The Navaho, especially,
396
dug and consumed large quantities of it,
and on account of the griping caused by
eating it, they ate clay with it as a pallia-
tive. The Pima, Hopi, and other Ari-
zona tribes habitually chewed the roots
of certain plants having sweet or muci-
laginous properties.
The Seminole of Florida possessed a
valuable plant called coonti (q. v.), the
bulbous starchy root of which was con-
verted into flour. The apparatus em-
ployed in the coonti industry comprised
mortars and pestles, platforms, mash ves-
sels, strainers, and vats. The starch,
separated from the mashed root by wash-
ing and sedimentation, was fermented
slightly, dried on palmetto leaves, and
made into bread. A demand among the
whites for coonti flour has led to the
establishment of several mills in Florida
The coonti industry is similar to the cas-
sava industry of the West Indies and
South America, and it seems probable
that the method of manufacture in Flor-
ida did not originate there. Hariot men-
tions 6 plants the roots of which were
valued as food by the Virginia Indians,
giving the native names, appearance, oc-
currence, and method of preparation.
Many of the medicinal roots of eastern
and southern U. 8. were adopted by the
whites from the Indian pharmacopeia;
some of these are still known by their
native names, and about 40 are quoted
in current price lists of crude drugs.
Indians formerly gathered medicinal
roots to supply the trade that arose after
the coming of the whites. Many roots
were exported, especially ginseng, in
which there was an extensive commerce
with China; and, curiously enough, the
Iroquois name for the plant has the
same meaningas the Chinesename. Gin-
seng was discovered in America by Lafitau
in 1716, and under the French régime in
Canada many thousands of dollars’ worth
were sent yearly to the Orient. In Alaska
ginseng was used by sorcerers to give
them power. Although the use of edible
roots by the Indians was general, they
nowhere practised root cultivation, even
in its incipient stages. In the U.S. the
higher agriculture, represented by maize
cultivation, seems to have been directly
adopted by tribes which had not advanced
to the stage of root cultivation. See
Basketry, Dyes and Pigments, Food, Medi-
cine and Medicine-men.
Consult Palmer, Food Products of the
North American Indians, U. 8S. Agric.
Rep. 1870, 1871; Chamberlain in Vehr.
d. Berliner Gesel. f. Anthr., 551, 1895;
Chesnut, Plants used by the Indians of
Mendocino co., Cal., Cont. U. 8. Nat.
Herb., vit, no. 3, 1902; Coville, Notes on
the Plants used by the Klamath Indians
of Oregon, ibid., v, no. 2, 1897; Leiberg,
ROSARIO—ROSS:
[B. A. B.
ibid., v, no. 1, p. 37; J. O. Dorsey in 3d
Rep. B. A. E., 308, 1884; MacCauley in
5th Rep. B. A. E., 1887; Hariot, Briefe
and True Report, 1590; Hrdli¢ka in Bull.
34, B. A. E., 1908. (w. H.)
Rosario. See Nuestra Senora del Rosa-
rio.
Roscows. A former Kecoughtan settle-
ment in Elizabeth City co., Va.—Jeffer-
son (1781), Notes, 129, 1802.
Ross, John. Chief of the Cherokee; born
in Rossville, Ga., Oct. 3, 1790; died in
Washington, D. C., Aug. 1, 1866. He
was the son of an immigrant from Seot-
land by a Cherokee wife who was herself
three-quarters white. His boyhood name
of Tsan-usdif, ‘Little John,’ was ex-
changed when he reached man’s estate
JOHN ROSS
for that of Guwisguwi, or Cooweescoo-
wee, by which was known a large white
bird of uncommon occurrence, perhaps
the egret or theswan. He went to school
in Kingston, Tenn. In 1809 he was sent
on a mission to the Cherokee in Arkansas
by the Indian agent, and thenceforward
till the close of his life he remained in
the public service of his nation. At the
battle of the Horseshoe, and in other
operations of the Cherokee contingent
against the Creeks in 1813-14, he was ad-
jutant of the Cherokee regiment. He
was chosen a member of the national
committee of the Cherokee Council in
1817, and drafted the reply to the U. 8.
commissioners who were sent to negotiate
the exchange of the Cherokee lands for
others w. of the Mississippi. In the con-
BULL. 30]
test against the removal his talents found
play and recognition. As president of
the national committee from 1819 till
1826 he was instrumental in the intro-
duction of school and mechanical train-
ing, and led in the development of the
civilized autonomous government em-
bodied in the republican constitution
adopted in 1827. He was associate chief
with William Hicks in that year, and
president of the Cherokee constitutional
convention. From 1828 till the removal
to Indian Ter. in 1839 he was principal
chief of the Cherokee Nation, and headed
the various national delegations that vis-
ited Washington to defend the right of
the Cherokee to their national territory.
After the arrival in Indian Ter., he was
chosen chief of the united Cherokee
Nation, and held that office until his
death, although during the dissensions
caused by the Civil War the Federal au-
thorities temporarily deposed him. See
Mooney, Myths of the Cherokee, 19th
Rep. B. A. E., 122, 150, 224, 225, 1900.
Roucheag. See Rokeag.
Rouconk. A Neusiok village in 1701,
probably on lower Neuse r., in Craven
co., N. C.—Lawson (1709), Hist. Car.,
384, 1860.
Roundhead (Stiahta), A Wyandot
(Huron) chief who espoused the British
cause in the War of 1812, being connected
chiefly with Col. Proctor’s command.
Nothing is known of his early history,
and though spoken of as a fine-looking
man and a celebrated Indian chief, his
history as recorded refers only to the time
of the war mentioned. He was with
Maj. Muir, of Proctor’s command, on the
Miami near Ft Miami, Ohio, Sept. 27-28,
1812, and urged in vain the English com-
mander to hold his position and fight the
American forces. In Oct. following he
accompanied Maj. Muir to River Raisin,
where Proctor was gathering his forces,
and later in the same year he met his
death. Gen. Proctor, in a letter dated
Oct. 28, 1813, states that ‘‘the Indian
cause and ours experienced a serious loss
in the death of Round Head.”’ A village
in the s. w. corner of Hardin co., Ohio,
his early home, bore his name, which
survives in that of the present town of
Roundhead built on its site. Roundhead
had a brother known as John Battise, a
man ‘‘of great sizeand personal strength,”’
who was killed at Ft Meigs while fight-
ing for the British. io. 0.)
Roymount. A Delaware village with 14
warriors, existing about 1648, near C.
May, N. J.—Evelin (ca. 1648) quoted by
Proud, Penn., 1, 114, 1797.
Rsanuk ( Rsd/ntik, ‘beginning’ ). A Pima
village about 1 m. 5. of Sacaton station,
on the Maricopa and Phoenix R. R., s.
Arizona.—Russell in 26th Rep. B. A. E.
23, 1908.
ROUCHEAG——-RUNTEE
397
Rsotuk (Rsdttk’, ‘water standing’). A
Pima village n. w. of Casa Blanca, s. Ari-
zona.—Russell in 26th Rep. B. A. E.,
23, 1908.
Ruche (‘pigeon’). An Iowa gens.
Lu’-chih.—Morgan, Anc. Soc., 156, 1877. Pigeon.—.
Ibid. Ru’-tce.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 239,
1897.
Rukhcha (‘pigeon’). An Oto gens.
Lute’-ja.—Morgan, Anc. Soc., 156, 1877. Ru/-qtca.—
Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 240, 1897.
Rumsen. A division of the Costanoan
family, formerly about Monterey, Cal.,
inhabiting Monterey, Sur, and Carmel r.
The term has been made to include also,
as asubdivision, the so-called Kalendaruk
of the lower Salinas and Pajarors. As
early as 1602 Vizcayno wintered among
the Rumsen at Monterey, though he does
not mention them by name. The first
mission founded in California, after that
of San Diego, was established as Carmelo
in Rumsen territory in 1770. Six or eight
Rumsen, mostly old women, survived
about Monterey and Carmelin 1903. The
following villages of the Rumsen are men-
tioned: Achasta, Echilat, Guayusta, Ka-
konkaruk, Karmentaruka, Sargentaruka,
Tukutnut, Wachanaruka. (A Tse a)
Achastas.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 1860.
Achastli.—Latham in Proc. Philol. Soc. Lond., v1,
79, 1852-53. Achastlians.—Chamisso in Kotzebue,
Voy., Ul, 49, 1821. Achastliens.—Lamanon in
Perouse, Voy., I, 291, 1797. Achastlier.—Adelung,
Mithridates, 111, 204, 1816. Achastlies.—Mayer,
Mexico, I, 39, 18538. Achistas.—Taylor in Cal.
Farmer, Apr. 20, 1860. Rumsenes.—Mayer, op. cit.
Rumsien.—Humboldt, Essai Pol.,1,321,1811. Run-
cienes.—Hittell, Hist. Cal., 1,797, 1898. Runsenes.—
Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 1860. Runsienes.—
Galiano, Relacion, 164, 1802. Ruslen.—Latham in
Proce. Philol. Soc. Lond., v1, 79, 1854.
Rum’s Village. A former village of the
Potawatomi, about 4 m.s. of South Bend,
St Joseph co., Ind. It was included in
the lands ceded to the U. 8. by treaty of
Chicago, Aug. 29, 1821.
Running Water. A former Cherokee
town on the s. ©. bank of Tennessee r.,
below Chattanooga, near the n. w. Georgia
line, and 4 m. above Nickajack. It was
settled in 1782 by Cherokee who espoused
the British cause in the Revolutionary
war, and was known as one of the Chick-
amauga towns. It was destroyed in the
fall of 1794. See Royce in 5th Rep.
B. A. E., map, 1887; Mooney in 19th
Rep. B. A. E., 54, 78, 1900.
Runonvea. An Iroquois village for-
merly situated near Big Flats, Chemung
co., N. Y., and burned Aug. 31, 1779, by
the troops under Gen. Sullivan.—Cook,
Jour. Sullivan’s Exped., 381, 1887.
Runtee. A circular piece of flat shell
drilled edgeways and probably strung
and originally used asanornament. The
name runtee was first mentioned, a cen-
tury after the settlement of Virginia, by
Beverley, who says of the objects so
called: ‘‘Runtees are made of the Conch-
Shell as the Peak is, only the Shape is
flat and round like a Cheese, and drill’d
398
Edge-ways’’ (Hist. Va., bk. 111, 145, 1705).
Holmes says of these objects (2d Rep.
B. A. E., 230, 1883): ‘‘The fact that they
are found in widely separated localities
indicates that they were probably used
in trade since the advent of the whites.”’
The word runtee is not Algonquian, but
evidently an English corruption of French
arrondi, ‘rounded,’ ‘made round,’ short,
perhaps, for écaille arrondie, ‘shell made
round.’ Mr Holmes further remarks
that ‘this is probably some form of
bead held in high esteem by tribes of
the Atlantic coast when first encountered
by the whites, who have taken up its
manufacture for purposes of trade.’’ Rale
mentions shell ronds (paga™ra"k) worn
at the neck by Abnaki men, one of
which was worth one beaver, and ronds
(paghiganak) of the women, six small
ones or three large ones of which were
worth one beaver. See Beads, Shell-
work. (w. R. G.)
Ruptari. One of the two villages of the
Mandan (q. v.) on the upper Missouri in
North Dakota in 1804. When the Man-
dan were almost destroyed by the rav-
ages of smallpox in 1837, the remnant
abandoned their villages to the Arikara
and established a new settlement nearer
Kniferiver. They subsequently removed
to Ft Berthold.
Nuptadi.—Matthews, Ethnog. Hidatsa, 14, 1877.
Rooptahee.—Lewis and Clark Exped., I, 120, 1814.
Roop-tar-ha.—Lewis and Clark, Discoy., 24, 1806.
Roop-tar’-har.—Lewis and Clark, Tray., 19, 1807.
Roop-tar-he.—Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, I, 256,
1904. Roop-tar-hee,—Ibid., 212. Rop-tar-ha.—Am.
St. Papers, Ind. Aff., I, 710, 1832. Ruhptare.—
eamuban Tray., 335, 1843. Ruptari.i—Matthews,
oc. cit.
Russian influence. Russian influence
on the natives of N. W. America began
with the voyage of Bering (1741), which
revealed the wealth of peltries to the
traders of £. Siberia. The Siberian re-
gion had been mostly subjected by the
traders at the end of the 17th century,
but the processes of intertribal trade had
carried the wrought iron of the Yakut,
the pipes and tobacco of Mongolia, among
these people much earlier than the ad-
vent of Russians, who were the first to
introduce firearms. But the intense hos-
tility between the Siberian and American
Eskimo at Bering strait restricted the
trade and the intercontinental influences
for many years later.
The traders conquered the Aleut, but
were checked by the more warlike Ko-
_diak Eskimo and by internal dissensions;
“only with the formation of a general
' ‘trading association (1781) and its sequel,
“a government monopoly (1790 and 1799),
‘were exploration and trade systemat-
ically organized. §. and £. of Cook
inlet the Russians had to meet the oppo-
sition of the Spaniards, the English, and
the free American traders as well as the
RUPTARI—RUSSIAN
INFLUENCE [B. A. BL
well-armed and warlike Tlingit tribes,
Haida, etc. In the eastern interior the
Hudson’s Bay Company began to draw
away trade as early as 1810. Owing to
the hostile attitude of the Spanish author-
ities and the need of food supplies, the
Russians bought, in 1811, a small tract of
land from the natives at Bodega bay,
Cal., and later one at Russian r., where
they raised cereals for the support of the
more northerly colonies and did a little
trading. In this way they came in con-
tact with the natives of California. As
they found the Tlingit would not trade
with them, they brought Aleut sea-otter
hunters from then., with their kaiaks, to
hunt on the otter grounds of the Alexan-
der archipelago, the California coast, and
on at least one occasion came with one of
these parties as far s. as the Santa Bar-
bara ids., the visit lingering in the mind
of the last surviving Santa Rosa islander
late in the eighties. With the progress
of exploration direct trade and contact
with the natives on the N. W. coast pro-
ceeded about as follows:
Aleutian islands (Russian), 1741-1867.
Southeastern Alaska (Russian), 1804-
1867.
California (Russian), 1811-1841.
Norton sound and Yukon delta ( Rus-
sian vessels), 1818-1822.
Norton sound Seene trading
posts, R. A. Co. ), 1832-1867.
St Matthew and St Lawrence islands,
1810-1867.
Upper Yukon (permanent posts, H. B.
Co. ), 1839-1867.
Lower Yukon (permanent posts, Rus-
sian), 1838-1867.
Bering strait, Kotzebue sound, and
coast northward, first trade, 1820.
Bering strait, Kotzebue sound, and
coast northward, beginning of regu-
lar annual trade, 1848.
Arctic coast w. of Return reef, first trade,
1825.
Arctic coast £. of Return reef (English),
1825.
Tanana river people, first contact (Eng-
lish), 1863.
Cook inlet and Kodiak, introduction of
cattle, 1850.
First school by Russians (at Kodiak)
for Eskimo, by order of Shelikoff,
1795.
First school by Russians for Tlingit (at
Sitka), by order of Etolin, about 1844.
Second school at Kodiak, by order of
Resanoff, 1805.
Desultory mission work (Aleut and at
Kodiak), 1793-1816. ,
Systematic mission work (Sitka, Ko-
diak, Aleut) , 1816-1908.
Systematic mission work (Lower Yu-
kon), about 1860.
Distribution.—Aleut were transported
BULL. 30] RUSSIAN
rg. and s. and in later years as servants at
the trading posts. Each trading post of
importance had a Yakut fisherman in
charge of salmon traps. Californian na-
tives were taken to Kodiak in 1841, where
there wasa small village of superannuated
Company’s servants as late as 1870—now,
probably, all dead. Some Kanaka from
Oahu took part (ca. 1850) in the Com-
pany’s whaling expeditions, which had
no great success.
Changes of sustenance, and stimulants.—
The art of distilling was introduced
among the Tlingit by Russian convicts
about 1796, and, though forbidden under
severe penalties by the Company, was
secretly practised at many of the isolated
trading posts. The use of cereals as food
was hardly known until the sixties, ex-
cept among the Company’s servants at
posts. Thesame may be said of sugar and
tea. They were known as gifts or lux-
uries, not as trading goods. The natives
until 1867 lived entirely off the natural
food resources of the country, as did most
of the Russians and Hudson’s Bay Com-
pany’s men.
Clothing.—Cotton drill, cloth, and
blankets took the place of the more valu-
able furs early in the history of the trade,
but till recently skins and native foot-
wear held their own as vastly better for
winter wear.
Tools, utensils, and guns.—The first iron
tools were made in imitation of the stone
and native copper tools and weapons
(iron celts were called ‘‘toes’’); exotic
forms came very slowly into use. The
native, as late as 1866, preferred to buy
malleable iron or wood-files, and to make
his own tools in ancient shapes. Kettles
and frying-pans were first adopted of
exotic utensils. Guns came first from the
Hudson’s Bay Company and free traders;
percussion guns came only in the sixties.
Flint-and-steel was eagerly accepted from
the very first, matches only about 1867.
Axes, sheath knives, and saws were al-
ways sought in trade; other tools made
their way much more slowly.
Ornaments.—These, except pearl but-
tons (among the Tlingit) and Chinese
cash, were hardly salable among the
practical Alaskan natives. There was
practically no sale for such things except
dentalium shell, small mirrors,and copper
or brass wire for rings or bangles, which
the natives made themselves. Bright-
colored blankets and striped drilling were
a good deal used, and certain kinds of
beads, which were used as a sort of cur-
rency quite as much as for ornament.
Tobacco.—This probably reached the
Bering strait region (with pipes) by in-
tertribal commerce from Mongolia before
the Russians brought it. The American
type of pipe was not found there until
INFLUENCE
399
much later, and was rarely seen until
after 1867. The Mongolian type of pipe
is not known s. and kg. of Bristol bay,
where the Russians first introduced
tobacco, but was universal n. and w. of that
locality. Tobaccoisnot mentioned in early
lists of trading goods, and was probably
only in general use after the Russians
had made permanent settlements or trad-
ing posts.
Language.—The Chinook jargon was
introduced, almost as soon as it was
formed, by free traders in s. £. Alaska,
and was also more or less used in this
region by the Russian traders. In the
Eskimo region a jargon arose, composed
of Russian, Eskimo, and Hawaiian words,
corrupted, and used without inflection.
This jargon has been in use from Bristol
bay to Pt Barrow and on the Eskimo
coast of Siberia, and has been frequently
mistaken by hasty travelers and recorded
in vocabularies as an Eskimo dialect.
The Vega vocabularies were partly of
this kind. The Aleut used Russian, and
so far as is known never had a jargon.
Myths and religion.—The Aleut were
converted to the Greek Church, of which
they are, so far as they understand it, de-
voted members, though retaining secretly
much of their ancient religion. On the
rest of the people of Alaska the influence
of the Greek Church was infinitesimal, and
consisted in a purely nominal adherence
by rare individuals to a few formalities.
From what is known of the myths and
mythology of either Tlingit or Eskimo,
there was in them, up to 1868, no trace of
Christian teaching. With the first intro-
duction of Russian priests in 1793, it is
probable that native children were taught
to repeat the responses and catechism and
join in the intoned service. The teach-
ing of reading, writing, and other secular
branches did not come in most cases till
much later, but the dates are not recorded.
Population.—Zymotie diseases, nor-
mally unknown in the region, at various
times have been introduced by traders and
have proved very fatal in approximately
theorderfollowing: scarletfever, measles,
smallpox, syphilis. The last-named was
introduced into the Norton Sound re-
gion by the American Telegraph Expedi-
tion in 1866, the Russians having been
successful in excluding it up to that time.
A disease affecting the bones is noticeable
in many prehistoric skeletons, but seems
not to have been syphilitic. After the
warfare with the early traders ceased,
the natives under Russian auspices, when
friendly, were carefully protected as pur-
veyors of peltries, and probably did not
seriously diminish in numbers under the
conditions then existing.
In general the Russians endeavored to
maintain the status quo among the natives
400
(other than Aleut and Tlingit), and
succeeded fairly well in so doing. The
Russian law attaching the individual to
the soil (zemlia) of his commune operated
to prevent legal marriages between native
Americans, whose ‘‘ zemlia’’ was Ameri-
can, and Russian servants of the com-
pany whose ‘‘zemlia’’ was Russian; since
when the latter finished his term of serv-
ice (if not in debt to the company) he
was obliged to go back to his original
domicile, while he could not take his
native wife away from her legal domicile
or ‘‘zemlia.’’ In this way numerous
unions not legally sanctioned grew up,
and the women who entered into them
were apparently regarded socially as in
no way less respectable than the oc-
casional Russian wives with whom they
associated on apparently equal terms, and
they made as devoted partners and
mothers. Atthe transfer of Alaska to the
United States, many of these unions were
legalized by authority of the Czar in
compliance with the terms of the treaty,
which permitted Russian residents to re-
main and become American citizens if
they saw fit. The children of these
unions with Tlingit, Eskimo, Aleut, or
Californian natives formed a large and in-
telligent class on the N. W. coast, known
to the Russians as ‘‘creoles,’”’ a class
which gave many officials and at least
one governor (Etolin) to Russian
America. The Russo-Tlingit and Russo-
Eskimo crosses were the most numerous
and fertile. The issue of casual and
mercenary unions was a small factor, as
the women in the case were usually in-
fertile. The purity of the Aleut blood
probably suffered most from this cause,
as that of a subject people; while the
quasi-legitimate unions above referred to
frequently produced large families which
later formed an important element of the
civilized population. (w. H. D.)
Russian River Pomo. A collective term
for the inhabitants of the numerous Pomo
wee lying in the valley of Russian r.,
al.
Sa. The Tobacco clan of the Tewa
pueblos of Nambe, N. Mex., and Hano,
riz.
Cai.—Stephen in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 39, 1891 (Hano
name). Na/-to.—Ibid. (Navaho name). Pi’-ba.—
Ibid. (Hopiname). Sa.—Fewkesin Am. Anthr.,
vil, 166, 1894 (Hano form). Sa-tdéa.—Hodge, ibid.,
IX, 352, 1896 (Nambe form; tdéa =‘ people’ ).
Saamen, A Salish tribe on Kwalekum
r., E. coast of Vancouver id. They speak
-the Puntlatsh dialect. Probably iden-
tical with the Qualicum cited below, who
numbered 14 in 1909.
Kwa-le-cum.—Can. Ind. Aff. 1880, 316,1881. Kwan-
le-cum.—Ibid., 308, 1879. Qualicum.—Ibid., pt. 1,
164, 1901. Quawlicum.—Ibid., 120. 1880. Quhli-
cum.—Ibid., map,1891. Saamen.—Boas, MS., B. A.
E., 1887.
Sabassa. A collective term applied to
the Indians of Laredo and Principe chan-
RUSSIAN RIVER
POMO—SABOBA [B. A. B.
nels, Brit. Col. By Kane it was made
to include the Kitkatla, Kitkahta, and
Neeslous of the Tsimshian, and the
Kitamat and Kitlope of the Kwakiutl.
Sabassa.—Dunn, Hist. Oreg., 278, 1844. Sabassas
Indians.—Kane, Wand. in N. A., app., 1859. Se-
bassa.—Dunn, op. cit.
Sabeata. A Jumano (Tawehash) chief
from the mouth of the Rio Conchos in
Chihuahua, born in New Mexico. In Oct.
1683, he went to Paso del Norte, Texas, and
asked Goy. Cruzate for missions for his
peopleand their friends, and for protection
against the Apache. His native name was
Sabeata, but he had been baptized Juan,
at Parral. It was his story of the ‘‘great
kingdom of the Texas’’ that led to Do-
mingo de Mendoza’s expedition to the
interior of Texas in 1683-84. Sabeata ac-
companied the expedition, but before it
returned he gained the ill-will of the
Spaniards and absconded. Meanwhile
missions were established for his people
at the mouth of the Conchos (Mendoza,
Viage, 1683-84, MS. in Archivo Gen.).
In 1691 Sabeata was met on the Rio
Guadalupe at the head of a band of his
people on their annual buffalo hunt. He
still carried his Spanish commission as
‘‘governor,’’? and he asked Massanet for
more missionaries (Massanet, Diario que
hicieron los padres misioneros, Mem. de
Nueva Espafia, xxvir, 98-103, MS.). His
name appears also as J abiata, Safiata,
and Saveata. (H. E. B.)
Sabino, An Abnaki village in 1608 at
the mouth of Kennebec r., Me., probably
on the w. side of the main channel.
Sabino.—Strachey (1618) in Me. Hist. Soc. Coll.,
III, 301, 1853. Sebanoa.—Sewell, ibid., vil, 304,
1876 (the chief), Sebeno.—Ballard in Rep. U.S.
Coast Surv. 1868, 257, 1871 (trans. ‘where the river
makesintotheland’). Sebenoa.—Strachey (1618)
in Me. Hist. Soe. Coll., 11, 301, 1853.
Sable. One of the divisions of the Ot-
tawa. Toward the close of the 17th cen-
tury they were settled at Mackinaw,
Mich.
Gens du Sable.—Bacqueville de la Potherie, Iv,
59, 1753. Outaouak of the Sable.—Doc. of 1695 in
N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., Ix, 627, 1855. Outaotiasina-
gouc.—Jes. Rel. 1667, 17, 1858. Sables.—Doc. of
1698, ibid., 688. Sablez.—Bacqueville de la Poth-
erie, Iv, 94, 1753.
Saboba. A Luisefio village, said tohave
been the principal one of San Jacinto res.,
Cal. Though Luisefio, the dialect differs
somewhat from that at San Luis Rey.
San Jacinto res., established 6 m. from
San Jacinto, consists of 2,960 acres of
poor, almost waterlessland. The original
dwellings of the Saboba people were
jacales, but these gave place in turn to
adobe and frame houses. They gain a
livelihood chiefly by laboring for white
people, and by cultivating the 150 acres of
irrigable land contained in their reserva-
tion. Saboba village contains a Catholic
church, and a Government school that
was the first to be established among the
s. California Indians. The Saboba peo-
BULL. 30]
ple formerly made baskets in considerable
numbers. They are said to have a no-
ticeable strain of Mexican blood. They
are inclined to drunkenness, especially on
the feast day held in celebration of Mex-
ican independence, owing to the intro-
duction of liquor by the whites. In 1909
the population was 140.
Laboba.—Lovett in Ind. Aff. Rep., 124, 1865 (mis-
print). Matale de Mano,—Williamson in Ann.
Pub. Hist. Soc. 8. Cal., 11-111, 139, 1909. Saboba.—
Jackson and Kinney, Rep. Miss. Ind., 17, 1883.
San Jacinto.— Burton (1853) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76,
34th Cong., 3d sess., 117, 1857; Ind. Aff. Rep., 175,
1902. Savova.—Kroeber in Univ. Cal. Pub., Am.
Archeol. and Ethnol., vu, 35, 1908 (Serrano
name). Savovoyam.—Ibid. (name for inhabit-
ants). Soboba.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1905, 191, 1906 (said
to mean ‘cold’). Sovovo.—Kroeber in Uniy. Cal.
Pub., Am. Archeol. and Ethnol., vim, 39, 1908
(native form).
Sacagawea. A Shoshoni woman who
accompanied Lewis and Clark. She was
the wife of Toussaint Charbonneau, a
French Canadian voyageur living among
the Hidatsa, who was engaged by the ex-
plorers as interpreter, and she was de-
sirous of returning to her own people,
the Shoshoni of the Rocky mts., from
whom she had been captured by the Hi-
datsa and sold to Charbonneau when
about 14 years of age. On the Missourir.
her husband, by his bad seamanship, over-
turned the boat on which were the records
of the expedition, but as they floated
in the river they were seized by Saca-
gawea and thus preserved. The leaders
of the expedition have recorded praises
of the fortitude and serviceableness ex-
hibited on many occasions by Birdwoman,
as she was also called, the English ren-
dering of her Hidatsa name (tsakaka,
‘bird’; mia, otherwise wia, bia,‘woman’ ),
though she was encumbered by an infant,
born during the journey. When Lewis
and Clark came to the first band of
Shoshoni, of which her brother had be-
come chief, Sacagawea acted as interpreter
and enabled the expedition to obtain po-
nies, without which they could not have
crossed the divide. Of her, Lewis wrote:
**Sah-cah-gar-we-ah our Indian woman
was one of the female prisoners taken at
that time tho’ I cannot discover that she
shews any immotion of sorrow in recol-
lecting this event, or of joy in being again
restored to her native country; if she has
enough to eat and a few trinkets to wear
I believe she would be perfectly content
anywhere.’’ (Orig. Jour. Lewis and
Clark, 1, 283, 1904.) On the return jour-
ney she guided Capt. Clark’s party, when
they were lost, through the mountain
passes of Montana. She remained among
the Shoshoni in Wyoming, and when the
Wind River res. was created took up her
abode there with her son, and there she
died, near Ft Washakie, Apr. 9, 1884,
almost a hundred yearsofage. Hergrave
is marked with a brass tablet, presented
3456°—Bull. 30, pt 2—07——26
SACAGAW EA—SACHEM
401
by Timothy F. Burke, of Cheyenne, Wyo.
The last heard of her husband was in 1838,
when Larpenteur saw him in the Hidatsa
country. He was then an old man. A
bronze statue of this heroine of the expe-
dition was erected in City Park, Portland,
Oreg., in the summer of 1905, and another
statue is to be placed in the State capitol
at Bismarck, N. Dak. Consult Orig. Jour.
Lewis and Clark, 1904-05; Hebard in
Jour. Am. Hist., 1, no. 3, 1907; Fletcher
in Out West, xxm1, no. 2, 3, 1905; Coues,
Forty Years a Fur Trader, 1898; Wheeler
and Brindley in Cont. Hist. Soc. Mont.,
vu, 1910. (®. H.)
Sacahayé. An unidentified village or
tribe mentioned to Joutel in 1687 (Mar-
gry, Déc., m1, 410, 1878), while he was
staying with the Kadohadacho on Red r.
of Louisiana, by the chief of that tribe,
as one of his allies.
Sacaspada. A Calusa village on the
s. w. coast of Florida, about 1570.—Fon-
taneda Memoir (ca. 1575), Smith trans.,
19, 1854.
Sacaton (from Nahuatl sacaton, ‘small
grass’, dim. of zacatl, Hispanized zacate,
‘grass’, ‘hay’). A former small settle-
ment and trading station of the Pima, on
the Gila r., about 22 m. E. of Maricopa
station and 16 m. n. of Casa Grande sta-
tion on the 8S. P. R. R., s. Arizona. In
1858 it had 204 inhabitants, and in 1863,
144. On the opposite bank of the river
is now the seat of the Pima agency,
which controls the Pima, Maricopa, and
Papago tribes, numbering about 6,500,
and has a flourishing boarding school.
See Uturituc.
Ku’-u-ki.—Russell, Pima MS., B. A. E., 18, 1902
‘big house’: Pima name), Sacatone.—Brown,
pache Country, 114, 1869. Saketon.—Box, Ad-
ventures, 325, 1869. Socatoon.—Bailey in Ind. Aff.
Rep., 207, 1858. Totsik.—ten Kate quoted by
Gatschet, MS., B. A. E., XX, 199, 1888 (Pima
name).
Sachal. Given by Wilkes (U. 8. Expl.
Exped., v, 132, 133, 1844) as the name of
a tribe, numbering 40, on a lake of the
same name and on Chehalis r., s. w.
Wash. , into which the lake flows ‘‘through
a river also called Sachal.”’
Sachem. (1) Intheformof government
of the Indians of Massachusetts, the su-
preme ruler of a territory inhabited by a
certain number of tribes, each governed
by an inferior sachem generally called by
the colonists a sagamore (a cognate word
of Abnaki origin), and acting under his
command and protection. The dignity
was hereditary, never elective. (2) By
extension, aname given by writers to the
chief of a tribe of other North American
Indians. (3) One of a body of high offi-
cials in the Tammany Society of New
York city.
The name sachim first occurs in Mourt’s
Relation (1622), and next in Winslow’s
Good Newes from New England (1624).
402
The plural form given by Roger Williams
(1643) shows that the word is an abbre-
viation of sdchimau. The name is from
the Narraganset dialect, one of the prom-
inent phonetic peculiarities of which
was the assibilation of gutturals. Sdchi-
mau (=sdtshimau) is by assibilation of orig-
inal k from sdékimaw=Abnaki sa”g’man
(whence, by corruption, sagamore) =Pas-
samaquoddy sogmo=Lenape sakimau=
Chippewa sdgima, all radical words—
words that cannot now be referred to any
known root.
The word has given rise to the adjective
sachemic, and the substantives sachemdom
and sachemship (Gookin, 1674). A Long
Island serpent, probably the milk-snake,
has been called sachem-snake. See Chiefs,
Government, Sagamore. (w. R. G.)
Sacheriton (Sa-cher-i-ton). A division
of the Skoton, mentioned in the treaty of
Nov. 18, 1854 (U.S. Ind. Treat. , 23, 1873),
as dwelling on Rogue r., Oreg.
Sachim. See Sachem.
Sachuen. A Costanoan village situated
in 1819 within 10 m. of Santa Cruz mis-
sion, Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 5,
1860.
Sackagoming. See Sagakomi.
Sackhoes (Sukhoos, ‘Black Kettle,’ a
chief’s name.—Ruttenber). A Kitcha-
wank village in 1684, on the site of Peeks-
kill, Westchester co., N. Y.
Sackhoes.—Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 79, 1872;
see also Ruttenber, Ind. Geog. Names, 30, 1906.
Saeckkill.—Van der Donck (1658) quoted by Rut-
tenber, ibid., 72. ra
Saclan. A former group or division of
the Costanoan family inhabiting the shore
of San Francisco bay, Cal., opposite San
Francisco, at Oakland or somewhat to
thes. They were subject to the Dolores
mission. Their dialect appears to have
been very different from other Costanoan
dialects.
Chaclan.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861.
Chaclanes.—Bancroft, Hist. Cal., 1, 709, 1884. Saca-
lanes.—Ibid. Saclan. —Arroyo’ ‘de la Cuesta,
Idiomas Californias, 1821, MS. trans., B. A. E.
Saklans.—Choris, Voy. Pitt., 6, 1822. Soclan.—
Chamisso in Kotzebue, Voy., mI, 51,1821,
Saconnet. A band or small tribe living
near Sakonnet pt., Newport co., R. L.,
connected with the Wampanoag or the
Narraganset. Under the woman chief
Ashawonks they took the side of the
English in King Philip’s war of 1675, and
from her their land was purchased by the
whites. In 1700 they numbered about
400; but in 1763 they were visited by an
epidemic which considerably diminished
their numbers, so that by 1803 they had
dwindied to a dozen persons, living near
Compton. Their chief village bore the
name of the tribe. (3. M.)
Saconet.—Williams (1649) in Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll.,
3d s., 1X, 281, 1846. Saconnet.—Parsons, Ind,
., 25, 1861 (the point). Sagkonate.—
Mass. Hist.’ Soc. Coll.,, Ist s., 1x, 199, 1804.
Sakonett.—Cotton ( 1674), ibid., 1, ’200, 1806. Saug-
konnet.—Stiles (1672), ibid., X, 114; 1809. Scato
SACHERITON—SAORIFICE
[B. A. B.
neck.—Doc. of 1676 quoted by Drake, Ind. Chron.,
58, 1836. Seaconet.— Winslow (1676 ) in Mass.
Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., Vv, 10, 1861. Seaconnet.—
Walley (1690), ibid., 247, Seakonnet. —Ibid., ist s.,
Ix, 199, 1804. Seconett. —Hinckley (1682), "ibid.
4th s., v, 78, 1861. Seconnett.—Mayhew (1671),
ibid., 1st s., vr, 196, 1800. Sekonett. —Hinckley
(1685), ibid., 4th s., Vv, 188, 1861. Sekunnet.—
Hinckley (1685), ibid., 134. Sogkonate.—Church
(1716), ibid., Ist s., rx, 199, 1804.
Sacrifice. In spite of the present very
general application of this term, its orig-
inal connection with religion is shown
by the meaning of the word itself, ‘‘to
make sacred.’”’ Instead of the simple
dedication of objects to a deity or deities,
however, such as this would imply, it is
associated in the minds of most people
with the idea of self-abnegation, or the
giving up of something valuable on the
part of the sacrificer. Yet this is but
one of several ideas pertaining to sacrifice
in the minds of primitive people, and
Tylor in his standard work on Primitive
Culture has put the matter in a nutshell
while summing up the evolution—or per-
haps we should rather say devolution—
of sacrifice when he states that ‘‘the ruder
conception that the deity takes and
values the offering for itself, gives place on
the one hand to the idea of mere homage
expressed by a gift, and on the other to
the negative view that the virtue lies in
the worshipper depriving himself of some-
thing prized.’’ ‘‘ These ideas,’’ he adds,
may be broadly distinguished as the gift-
theory, the homage-theory, and the ab-
negation-theory.”” From what follows
it will be seen that the gift-theory was
the dominant one among Indian tribes,
yet the ordeals of such a ceremony as the
Sun-dance show plainly that the abnega-
tion-theory occupied a prominent posi-
tion in the thought of some tribes; nor can
we deny that the homage-theory was
also entertained, however difficult it may
be to isolate it th orough| y from the others.
In all this the differences in point of view
between North American Indians and
the lower classes of so-called civilized
races on the subject of sacrifice is not
very great. A far greater distinction is
that between the view that sacrifice pro-
duces a change in the deity beneficial to
the worshipper, and the view that sacri-
fice produces a beneficial change in the
worshipper himself.
To understand each sacrifice proper;
six questions need to be answered: (1)
who sacrifices, (2) towhat being or beings
the sacrifice is offered, (3) the nature of
ibe sacrifice, (4) the method of offering
t, (5) the time when it was performed,
sha (6) its object.
In that part of North America n. of
Mexico by far the greater aie of
sacrifices were offered by individuals,
either male or female, as when bits of food
were thrown into the fire during meals, or
BULL. 30]
articles were laid upon sacred rocks or
uponshrines. The offering of first-fruits
among the Natchez was made by each
father of a family, and on certain occa-
sions when a live stag was sacrificed by
the Iroquois it was the oldest man of the
hut or village that gave the death-blow.
At the moose feast of the Montagnais the
sacrifice was made by him who had killed
the animal. Among the Muskhogean
tribes a special sacrifice was offered by
the war leader and his religious assistant
before starting out upon an expedition,
and in general it may be said that the
leaders of war or hunting parties took
the lead also in sacrifices and all other
observances having in view the success
of the enterprise. But just as the Mus-
khogean war leader had a religious assis-
tant to share his duties, so warriors on
the n. Pacific coast were always accom-
panied by at least one shaman. In pre-
scribing what offerings should be made in
case of sickness, the shaman was an ab-
solute guide, though the offerings were
actually furnished by the family of the
sick man and were often a mere payment
to the shaman himself. Society and
tribal rites and ceremonies were oftener
than not themselves considered as sacri-
fices, and thus furnish us with examples
of sacrifices participated in by large bodies
of people. Not as frequently as in the
Old World, and yet occasionally (wit-
ness, for instance, the White Dog cere-
mony of the Iroquois and the human
sacrifice of the Skidi Pawnee), there isa
special national sacrifice consummated by
chosen individuals to whom the title of
““priest’’? may very properly be applied.
A complete answer to the second ques-
tion would necessitate a catalogue of all
the superhuman beings conceived of by
every Indian tribe, as well as those ma-
terial beings and objects which were sup-
posed to possess supernatural power in
the slightest degree. Nevertheless it may
be of interest to mention some of those
of which there is direct information.
The most prominent are: the sky, the
earth, the sun, the moon, the four car-
dinal points, the winds, the thunder, the
mountains, rocks of all sizes and shapes,
particularly those of peculiar appearance
or such as resemble things animate, cer-
tain animals and trees, springs, places
where paint was obtained, eddies and rap-
ids in rivers, and a number of monsters
supposed to dwell beneath the surface of
lakes, rivers, and the ocean. In the case
of the natural objects mentioned, it is to
be understood that it was not the object
itself in any case which was thus ap-
proached, but the animating soul of each.
In addition, offerings were made to per-
sonal manitos and medicine bundles by
the possessors of the same, by shamans
SACRIFICE
4038
to their guardian spirits, and even by the
laity to shamans, though in this last case
the shaman was perhaps considered only
as an intermediary. In several cases,
even by christianized Indians, sacrifices
were offered to missionaries, to the crosses
which they carried or set up, and to the
mission churches.
The article by far the most widely used
in sacrifice was nativetobacco. Nextcame
articles of food, and then articles of cloth-
ingand adornment, particularly the latter.
Hunting and fishing implements are
mentioned less frequently, evidently be-
cause it would be more agreeable to the
deity to receive food outright than the
means for obtaining it. Dogs, particu-
larly white ones, were sacrificed by the
Iroquois, Cree, Ottawa, Illinois, and re-
lated tribes, and in at least one feast by the
Arikara and the Skidi Pawnee. In the
buffalo country its place seems to have
been taken in a measure by the buffalo,
the skin of a white animal being again
preferred. In one early narrative a buf-
falo-skin is mentioned among sacrifices
offered by the Illinois, while the skull of
a buffalo was hung at the top of an Arap-
aho medicine-lodge erected by youths just
previous to their first war expedition.
The greatest importance, however, seems
to have been attached to it by the Man-
dan, who preferred the skin of a young
white cow buffalo, or, failing that, theskin
of a white bull or an old cow. The offal
of a buffalo wassacrificed by the Arikara.
Offerings of bears, or rather the skins and
skulls of these animals, are referred to
among the Iroquoisand Algonquian tribes
of the n. E. forest country, being men-
tioned as far w. as the Illinois. A kind
of bear sacrifice also existed along the
nN. Pacific coast and the neighboring
mountain region. Deer, elk, and moose
were sacrificed by the Iroquois and Algon-
quian tribesof the N.and E. Deer-hoofs
were held in great esteem by the N. W.
tribes, and were used to make fringes for
the dancing skirt or apron of a shaman;
it is natural, therefore, to find them men-
tioned in a list of articles sacrificed by the
Coeur d’Alénes. In the same list wolf-
tails also occur. On the nv. Pacific coast
we find cuts of whale, pieces of fresh or
dried fish, and grease of all kinds. A
Montagnais sacrifice consisted of eels,
while the Mistassin sacrificed fish-bones.
Among birds the first place is taken by
the eagle, which appears to have been
employed everywhere, the part offered
being the down, wings, or tail. Feathers
of other birds, especially those of a red
color, like the flicker-feathers of the n.
Pacific coast, are also mentioned. In this
connection reference should be made to
the feathered prayer-sticks (q. v.) of the
Pueblos, Navaho, and Apache. It is pos-
404
sible that similar devices were employed
elsewhere, since Maximilian mentions in
a Mandan sacrifice ‘‘little sticks or rods
to which some feathers were attached.”’
Sticks without any such attachment the
Iroquois were accustomed to throw upon
a certain sacred stone whenever they
passed. Among Tima offerings Russell
mentions twigs of the creosote bush, and
small stones. Next to tobacco, corn was
the most highly prized vegetal product in
most of North America, and we conse-
quently find it used in sacrifices and cere-
monies by most of the agricultural tribes.
Adair states that the only sacrifice of corn
among the Creeks was at their annual
festival which corresponds to the harvest
feast, or feast of ingathering, in the Old
World (see Busk). In some form or
other it is probable that this was repre-
sented among all the corn-raising tribes
of the E.and 8. As might have been ex-
pected, this form of sacrifice also assumes
important proportions among the tribes
of the 8. W.—the Pueblos, Navaho, and
Apache—a constant sacrifice among them
being sacred meal, while among the Paw-
nee of the plains mush was used. Among
othersacrifices of vegetal character should
be mentioned the red cedar-bark which
figures so prominently in the secret-
society performances of the Indians on
the n. Pacific coast. San Antonio.—Powell
in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 11, 568, 1877. Sex-
tapay.—Taylor quoted by Shea, Lib. Am. Ling.,
VII, Vii, 1861. : : vag
Salinas. Mentioned by Rivera (Diario,
leg. 2602, 1736) as a tribe or village ap-
parently near the lower Rio Grande in
Texas. It was possibly Coahuiltecan.
Salineros. A Spanish collective desig-
nation for the Piro and Tigua occupying,
until 1675-80, the pueblos of Abo, Chilili,
Quarai, Tabira, Tenabo, etc., near the
salt lagoons E. of the Rio Grande, central
New Mexico. See also Chealo, Tompiros.
Salineros.—Benavides, Memorial (1630),in Land
of Sunshine, xIv, 46, 1901. Salmeros.—Benavides
misquoted by Bancroft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 164,
1889.
Salineta. Probably a pueblo of the
Piro or the Tigua, 4 leagues from Guada-
lupe mission at El Paso, in the present
Texas, in 1680.—Otermin (1680) quoted
by Bancroft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 182,
1889.
Salish (Okinagan: séilst, ‘people’). For-
merly a large and powerful division of
the Salishan family, to which they gave
their name, inhabiting much of w. Mon-
tana and centering around Flathead lake
and valley. A more popular designation
for this tribe is Flatheads, given to them
by the surrounding people, not because
they artificially, deformed their heads, but
because, in contradistinction to most
tribes farther w., they left them in their
natural condition, flat on top. They
lived mainly by hunting. The Salish,
with the cognate Pend d’Oreille and the
Kutenai, by treaty of Hell Gate, Mont.,
July 16, 1855, ceded to the United States
their landsin Montanaand Idaho. They
also joined in the peace treaty at the
416
mouth of Judith r., Mont., Oct. 17, 1855.
Lewis and Clark estimated their popula-
tion in 1806 to be 600; Gibbs gave their
probable number in 1853 as 325, a dimi-
SALISH MAN (am. Mus. NAT. Hist. )
nution said to be due to wars with the
Siksika; number of Flatheads under Flat-
head agency, Mont. (1909), 598.
Ah-shu-ah-har-peh.—Crow MS. vocab., B. A. E.,
n.d. A-shu’/-e-ka-pe.—Hayden, Ethnog.and Philol.
Mo. Val., 402, 1862 (‘flatheads’: Crow name).
&-too-ha-pe. — Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., 0,
Ixxxiv, 1823 (Hidatsa name). Cootstooks pai tah
pee.—Henry, MS. vocab., 1808 (Blackfoot name).
Faux Tetes-Plates.—Duflot de Mofras, Expl., 11,
339,1844. Flatheads.—Lewisand Clark, Discov., 35,
1807. Flathead-Selish.—Gatschet in Proc. A. A.A.
S., XXXI, 577, 1883. Hohilpo.—Lewis and Clark
Exped., I, map, 1814. Ka-ka-i-thi. — Hayden,
Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. Val., 326, 1862 (‘flathead
people’: Arapaho name). — Ka-ko’-is-tsi/-a-ta/-
ni-o.—Ibid., 290 (‘people who flatten their heads’:
Cheyenne name). Ko-todli/-spi-tup/-i-o.—Ibid.,
264 (Blackfoot name). Nebagindibe.—Baraga,
Otchipwe-Eng. Dict., 281, 1880 (‘flat head’: Chip-
pewa name; ‘‘properly Nebagindibed ’’—identi-
cal?). Pa Bda-ské.—Cook, Yankton MS. vocab.,
B. A. E., 184, 1882. Pa O-bde’-ca.—Ibid. (‘heads
cornered or edged’: Yankton name). Saalis.—
Duflot de Mofras, Expl., I, 385, 1844. Sae-lies.—
Mayne, Brit. Col., 297, 1862. Salish.—Gatschet,
MS., B. A. E. (own name). Tétes-Plates.—Com-
mon French form, applied to various tribes.
Whull-e-mooch.—Deans in Am. Antiq., 41, 1886
(applied to Puget sd. tribes),
SalishanFamily. A linguistic familyin-
habiting the n. portions of Washington, Nn.
Idaho, w. Montana, a small strip of the
N. Ww. coast of Oregon, and in Canada the
8. E. part of Vancouver id. from Thur-
low id. to Sooke bay, and all thes. main-
land of British Columbia as far as Bute
inlet and Quesnelle lake, with the excep-
tion of that portion held by the Kutenai,
although within the Kutenai area, at the
Columbia lakes, is a small settlement of
Salish. Anisolated division of thefamily,
SALISHAN FAMILY
[B. A. B
the Bellacoola, had established itself far-
ther n. on Dean inlet, Burke channel, and
Bellacoola r. -The name Salish was origi-
nally applied to a large tribe in w. Mon-
tana popularly known as_ Flatheads,
thence it was finally extended to cover all
those speaking a similar language.
Although lexically distinct from one
another, the Salish, Chimakuan, and Wa-
kashan languages belong to the same
structural type and have remote points of
resemblance with Algonquian. Physi-
cally and culturally the coast and interior
Salish belong to different groups, the for-
mer being affiliated to some extent with
the other coast people to the n., and the
interior Salish resembling interior stocks
in their own neighborhood.
If his own statements may be relied
upon, Juan de Fuca (1592) was probably
the first white man to visit the coun-
try inhabited by people of this family.
After his time several Spanish navigators
passed along their coasts, but their posi-
tion exposed them less frequently to visits
from vessels than that of the Nootka and
tribes farther n. Later British and
American vessels came to trade, the most
notable expedition being that of Geo.
Vancouver (1792-94), whose name be-
came attached to Vancouver id. The
first detailed information regarding the
Salishan tribes was obtained, however,
SALISH MAN (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.)
from the account of the expedition of
Lewisand Clark (1804-06), and knowledge -
of them was extended by the establish-
ment of Astor’s fortin 1811 at the mouth
of the Columbia, although the fort itself
BULL. 30]
was not within Salish territory. From
that time until 1846 most of this region,
known as the Oregon Territory, was a
subject of dispute between Great Britain
and the United States, and it was not un-
til after its settlement and until the Cali-
fornia gold fever had somewhat subsided
thatsettlers began to come intothis region
in numbers. On the Canadian side em-
ployees of the Hudson’s Bay Company
were among the first to enter the country.
The establishment of a post at Victoria in
1843 was one of the most momentous
events to the Indians of the entire coast.
The coast Salish form the southern arm
of the N. W. Coast culture, which fades
away southward from Bute inlet and
Comox (where it resembles that of the
more highly developed Kwakiutl) to the
semi-Californian Tillamook and the Nes-
tucea of Oregon. Unlike the more north-
ern Haida, Tlingit, and Tsimshian, descent
is usually reckoned through the father.
The Salish dwellings in the northern
part of this area are of the Nootka type,
longer than those farther n., and contain-
ing several families each with its own fire.
They are also built in the same way of
heavy planks and beams. They resemble
the other coast tribes in the important
part fish and shellfish play in their diet,
and in the extent to which canoes are
enrployed. The interior Salish depended
more on hunting, but so many large sal-
mon streams flow through this country
that even they were more given to a fish
diet than were the interior tribes gener-
ally. The houses of the interior Salish of
British Columbia differed considerably
from those on the coast. To construct
them, holes were dug and poles set up in
conical formaround their edges; the whole
was covered with poles on which was laid
grass, and sometimes cedar bark, and
over all earth was thrown.
War, slavery, and the potlatch (q. v.)
were regular institutions on the coast.
One of the most characteristic customs,
especially prevalent along the coasts of
Washington and British Columbia, was
artificial head-flattening, but it did not
obtain, curiously enough, among the In-
dians now called Flatheads (see Salish).
Population (1909): Coast Salish in
United States, 3,600; coast Salish in Can-
ada, 4,874; total, 8,474. Interior Salish
in United States, 4,988; interior Salish in
Canada, 5,390; total, 10,378. Total Salish
in United States, 8,366; total Salish in
Canada, 10,264; grand total, 18,630.
The Salishan dialects may be grouped
as follows:
J. Dravects oF THE INTERIOR: 1, Lil-
looet in w. British Columbia; 2, Netlakya-
amuk (Thompson Indians) in s. w. Brit-
ish Columbia; 3, Shuswap in s. central
3456°—Bull. 30, pt 2—07——27
SALISHAN FAMILY
417
British Columbia; 4, Okinagan in s. E.
British» Columbia, extending into the
United States, the subdivisions of which
are the Okinagan proper, Colville, Nes-
pelim or Sanpoil, Senijextee (Snaichek-
stik) of the Arrow lakes and Columbia r.
below the lakes; 5, Flathead in &. Wash-
ington, Idaho, and Montana, subdivisions
of which are the Spokan, Kalispel or
Pend d’Oreilles, and Salish or Flathead;
6, Skitswish or Coeur d’ Alenes in N. Idaho;
7, Columbia groups in the w. part of the
interior of Washington, including the
Pisquow or Wenatchi, Sinkiuse, Methow,
and other local divisions.
II. Coast prauects: 8, Bellacoola, a
group of tribes on Bentinck Arm and
Deans inlet, Brit. Col.; 9, Comox group
on the n. part of the Gulf of Georgia,
with two subdivisions—(a) the Comox -
proper, including the Comox and Eéksen,
Homalko, Kaike, Kakekt, Seechelt of
Jervis inlet, Sliammon, and Tatpoés; and
(b) the Puntlatsh, including the Hwah-
watl, Puntlatsh, and Saiimen; 10, Cowi-
chan group in the neighborhood of Nan-
aimo on Vancouver id., and in the delta
of Fraser r. It embraces, on Vancouver
id., the Clemclemalats, Comiakin, Hel-
lelt, Kenipsim, Kilpanlus, Koksilah,
Kulleets, Lilmalche, Malakut, Nanaimo,
Penelakut, Quamichan, Siccameen, Sno-
nowas, Somenos, Tateke, Yekolaos; and,
in the Fraser valley, the Chehalis, Chil-
liwack, Coquitlam, Ewawoos, Katsey,
Kelatl, Kwantlen, Matsqui, Musqueam,
Nehaltmoken, Nicomen, Ohamil, Pilalt,
Popkum, Samahquam, Scowlitz, Se-
wathen, Siyita, Skwawalooks, Snonk-
weametl, Squawtits, Sumass, and Tsa-
kuam; 11, Squawmish group, including
the Squawmish of Burrard inletand Howe
sd. and probably the Nooksak of x. Wash-
ington; 12, Songish group, on Juan de Fuca
str., San Juanid., and parts of the coasts
of Washington and British Columbia. It
includes the Clallam (Wash.), Lummi
(Wash. ), Samish (Wash. ), Sanetch (Brit.
Col.), Semiahmoo ( Brit. Col. and Wash. ),
Songish (Brit. Col.), Sooke (Brit. Col.);
13, Nisqualli group, embracing all tribes
E. of Puget sd. and s. to Mt Tacoma, and,
on the west side, the region up to Olym-
pia, except Hood canal. It includes two
dialectic divisions, the Nisqualli and the
Snohomish. Well-known divisions are
the Nisqualli proper, Dwamish, Puyal-
lup, Skagit, Snoqualmu or Snoquamish,
and Squaxon. Following are the names
of some of the numerous bands of the
Nisqualli: Etakmehu, Kwehtlmamish (?),
Nukwatsamish, Nusehtsatl, Potoashees,
Sahewamish, Sakumehu, Samamieh,
Sawamish, Sekamish, Shomamish, Shotle-
mamish, Skihwamish, Skopamish, Smul-
kamish, Squacum, Stehtsasamish, Steila-
418
coomamish, Suguamish, and Towah-
hah. Other bands which may belong
here, but which cannot be identified,
are Neutubvig, Nuchwugh, Opichiken,
Sinslikhooish, Sintootoolish, and Sktehl-
mish; 14, Twana group, on Hood canal,
Puget sd., including the Twana and
Sailupsun; 15, Chehalis group, embrac-
ing six dialects, which show consider-
able variation. These are the Quinault
and Quaitso of n. w. Washington; the
Humptulips of the n. part of Grays har-
bor; the Lower Chehalis of Grays harbor
and Shoalwater bay; the Satsop ©. and
nN. E. of Grays harbor; the Upper Che-
halis &. of Shoalwater bay; and the Cow-
litz on the river of that name southward
to Columbia r.; 16, Tillamook on the
coast of Oregon, including the Tillamook
or Nestucca, and the Siletz. Tillamook
is the Chinook name for the tribe whose
territory is called in Chinook, Nehalem.
>Salish.—Gallatin in Trans. Am, Antiq. Soce., II,
134, 306, 1836 (or Flat Heads only); Latham in
Proc. Philol. Soc. Lond., 1, 31-50, 1846 (of Du-
ponceau; said to be the Okanagan of Tolmie).
Selish.—Gal-
latin in Trans. Am. Ethnol, Soc., I, pt. 1,77, 1848
crea. of Nsietshaws); Tolmie and Dawson,
omp. Vocab., 63, 78, 1884 (vocabularies of Lil-
looet and Kulléspelm). >Jelish.—Gallatin in
Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 11, 402, 1853 (obvious
misprint for Selish; follows Hale as to tribes).
=Selish.—Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 169, 1877
(gives habitat and tribes of family); Gatschet
in Beach, Ind. Miscel., 444, 1877. Tsihaili-
Selish.—Halein U.S. Expl. Exped., V1, 205, 535, 569,
1846 (includes Shushwaps, Selish or Flatheads,
Skitsuish, Piskwaus, Skwale, Tsihailish, Kawel-
itsk, Nsietshawus); Gallatinin Trans.Am. Ethnol.
Soc., 11, pt. 1, ¢, 10, 1848 (after Hale); Berghaus
(1851), Physik. Atlas, map 17, 1852; Buschmann,
Supren der aztek. Sprache, 658-661, 1859; Latham,
Elem. Comp. Philol., 399, 1862 (contains Shush-
wap or Atna Proper, Kuttelspelm or Pend
d’Oreilles, Selish, Spokan, Okanagan, Skitsuish,
Piskwaus, Nusdalum, Kawitchen, Cathlascou,
Skwali, Chechili, Kwaintl, Kwenaiwtl, Nsietsha-
wus, Billechula), >Atnahs.—Gallatin in Trans.
Am. Antiq. Soc., 11, 1384, 135, 306, 1886 (on Fraser r.) ;
Prichard, Phys, Hist. Mankind, v, 427, 1847 (on
Fraser r.). >Atna.—Latham in Trans. Philol.
Soe. Lond., 71, 1856 (Tsihaili-Selish of Hale and
Gallatin). Nootka - Columbian.— Scouler in
Jour. Roy. Geog. Soc. Lond., XI, 224, 1841 (includes,
among others, Billechoola, Kawitchen, Noosda-
lum, Squallyamish of present family). xInsu-
lar.—Scouler, ibid. (same as Nootka-Columbian
family). »*Shahaptan.—Scouler, ibid., 225 (in-
cludes Okanagan of this family). xSouthern,—
Scouler, ibid., 224 (same as Nootka-Columbian
family). >Billechoola.—Latham in Jour. Ethnol.
Soc. Lond., I, 154, 1848 (assigns Friendly Village
of Mackenzie here); Latham, Opuscula, 250, 1860
(gives Tolmie’s vocabulary). >Billechula,—
Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 300, 1850 (mouth of Sal-
mon r).; Latham in Trans. Philol. Soe. Lond., 72,
1856 (same); Latham, Opuscula, 339, 1860. >Bel-
lacoola.—Bancroft, Nat. Races, 11, 564, 607, 1882
(Bellacoola only; specimen vocabulary). >Bil-
hoola.—Tolmie and Dawson, Comp. Vocab., 62,
1884( vocab. of Noothlakimish). >Bilehula.—Boas
in Petermanns Mitteilungen, 130, 1887 (mentions
Satsq. Nute’], Nuchalkmy,Tale6my). »xNaass,—
Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc., 1, pt.1, ¢, 77,
1848 (cited asincluding Billechola). >Tsihaili,—
Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 310, 1850 (chiefly lower
SALLAL—SALT
[B. A. B.
part of Fraser r.and between that and the Colum-
bia; includes Shuswap, Salish, Skitsuish, Pisk-
waus, Kawitchen, Skwali, Checheeli, Kowelits,
Noosdalum, Nsietshawus), x Wakash.—Latham,
Nat. Hist. Man, 301, 1850 (cited as including
Klallems). »xShushwaps.—Keane in Stanford’s
Compend., Cent. and S. Am., app., 460, 474, 1878
(quoted as including Shewhapmuch and Okana-
gans). xHydahs.—Keane, ibid., 473 (includes
Bellacoola of present family). »xNootkahs.—
Keane, ibid., 473 (includes Komux, Kowitchans,
Klallums, Kwantlums, Teets of present family).
x Nootka.—Bancroft, Nat. Races, 111, 564, 1882
(contains the following Salishan tribes: Cowi-
chin, Soke, Comux, Noosdalum, Wickinninish,
Songhie, Sanetch, Kwantlum, Teet, Nanaimo,
Newchemass, Shimiahmoo, Nooksak, Samish,
Skagit, Snohomish, Clallam,Toanhooch). Flatheads.—Keane, ibid., 474, 1878
(same as Salish, above). >Kawitshin.—Tolmie
and Dawson, Comp. Vocab., 39, 1884 (vocabs. of
Songis and Kwantlin sept, and Kowmook or Tlat-
hool). >Qauitschin.—Boas in Petermanns Mit-
teilungen, 131, 1887. >Niskwalli.—Tolmie and
Dawson, Comp. Vocab., 50, 121, 1884 (or Skwalli-
amish vocab. of Sinahomish).
Sallal. See Salal.
Salmon River Indians. A Salish divi-
sion on Salmon r., w. Oregon, between the
Siletz and the Nestucca. Part of them
were on Grande Ronde res. in 1863.
Ci’-cin-xau’.—Dorsey, Alsea MS. vocab., B. A. E.,
1884. Kaouai.—Duflot de Mofras, Explor., 11, 104,
1844. Kowai.—Gairdner (1835) in Jour. Geog. Soe.
Lond., XI, 255, 1841 (either the above tribe or the
Nestucca). Salmon River.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 221,
1861. Tsan tcha/-ishna amim.—Gatschet, Lakmiut
MS., B. A. E., 105 (Lakmiut-Kalapuya name).
Salnahakaisiku (Sal-na-ha-kai’-st-ku).
A Chumashan village formerly in Ven-
tura co., Cal., at a locality now called El
Llano de Santa Ana.—Henshaw, Buena-
ventura MS. vocab., B. A E., 1884.
Salpilel. A Chumashan village for-
merly on the Patera ranch, near Santa
Barbara, Cal.
Salpilel.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 24, 1868.
Sa-pi/-li—Henshaw, Santa Barbara MS. vocab., B.
A. E., 1884. Saughpileel.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
May 4, 1860 (at San Miguel, 6 m. from Santa Bar-
bara mission). Silpaleels.—Gatschetin Chief Eng.
Rep., pt. 111, 553, 1876. S’pi’-lil—Henshaw, Bue-
naventura MS. vocab:, B. A. E., 1884.
Salsona. Mentioned asa Costanoan di-
vision hostile to those Indians among
whom Dolores mission at San Francisco,
Cal., was established. In 1776 the lat-
ter, being attacked by the Salsona, fled
to the islands in the bay or to the east-
ern shore. The Salsona are said to have
lived 6 leagues to the s. E., which would
put them near San Mateo. They may be
identical with the Olhones. See Engel-
hardt, France. in Cal., 295, 1897.
Salsen.—Humboldt, New Spain, 11, 345, 1811. Sal-
ses.—Mayer, Mexico, I, 39,1853. Salsona.—Clavi-
jero, Hist. Baja Cal., 206,1852. Salzon.—Taylor in
Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. ;
Salt. Not all tribes of Indians were
accustomed to use salt, whether from the
difficulty of procuring it, the absence of
the habit, a repugnance for the mineral,
or for religious reasons, it is not always
BULL. 30]
possible to say. Salt was eaten as a con-
diment, the only instance of its use as a
preservative being its addition to yeast to
prevent putrefaction. The desire for salt
is presumed to arise from a physiological
need, and it is thought that the demand
for it is greatest when cereal or vegetal
food is eaten, and decreases as the diet is
more and more of animal substance.
Baegert says the tribes of Lower Cali-
fornia ate ‘‘everything unsalted, though
they might obtain plenty of salt,’’ and
gives as a reason that since they moved
about constantly, salt was too cumbersome
to carry with them. The Gabrielefios of
s. California used salt sparingly; the
Hupa, the Achomawi, and perhaps other
California Indians, do not eat salt; the
Eskimo regard it as an abomination,
while the Achomawi believe its use in
food would cause sore eyes(Dixon). The
Creeks tabooed its use in the busk cere-
mony until after the ball play (Speck).
Other tribes used substitutes for salt, as
the Karankawa of Texas, who, Gatschet
says, used chile instead; and the Virginia
Indians, who made a form of lye by burn-
ing to ashes the stalk of a certain plant.
‘“‘They season their broth with it, and
they know no other salt,’’ says Capt.
John Smith. The Cherokee used lye,
and even now among the Eastern Chero-
kee salt is almost unused by them. In-
deed it is probable that none of the
Southern tribes used salt before the com-
ing of the whites. According to Hariot,
the people of Roanoak used as a condi-
ment the saline ashes of a plant taken to
be orage, and resembling the melden of
the Germans ( Atriplex patulum), a species
of saltwort, which runs into many varie-
ties and is common to Europeand Amer-
ica. All the Algonquian names for salt
are formed from a root meaning ‘‘to be
sour’’ or ‘‘acid.’? There is no root ‘‘to
be saline.’”’ The water of the ocean was
known as ‘“‘sour water.”’
Salt exists in enormous quantities in
the United States, and it was not.difficult
for the Indians to obtainit. The Omaha
took up salt incrustations with feathers
and transferred it to bags, or broke up
rock salt with sticks and pounded it to
the desired fineness. The source of their
supply was near Lincoln, Nebr., and the
headwaters of a stream s. w. of Repub-
lican r., probably Saline r., Kans. The
Shawnee were famed as salt makers, and
the great spring on Saline cr., below the
mouth of Walnut cr., on the Ohio, was
purchased from them by treaty. The
large vessels of very thick pottery found
near the salines and elsewhere are found
to have been used as evaporating pans by
the Indians. The Quapaw made salt from
the water of saline springs near the mouth
of Arkansas r., evaporating it in earthen
SALT
419
pans made for the purpose, which left the
salt formed into square cakes (Giddings).
C. C. Jones says: ‘‘The Knight of Elvas
informs us that natural salt and the sand
with which it wasintermixed were thrown
into baskets made forthe purpose. These
were large at the mouth and small at the
bottom, or, in other words, funnel-shaped.
Beneath them—suspended in the air ona
ridge pole—vessels were placed. Water
was then poured upon the admixture of
sand and salt. The drippings were
strained and boiled on the fire until all
the water was evaporated, and the salt
left in the bottom of the pots.” Frag-
ments of these leaching baskets have been
found in the salt deposits of Petit Anse id.,
La. An important salt-making site was
uncovered in 1902 by the Peabody Museum
at Kimmswick, Mo., where the salt pans
were found in place (Bushnell).
The Rio Grande Pueblos acquired salt
principally from the Manzano salines, in
central New Mexico; the Zuni obtained
their supply from a salt lake many miles
s. w. of their pueblo. There was early
discrimination by the Pueblos in the
quality of salt, and long journeys were
made to obtain the best kind. In this
pursuit many trails led to the Zuni salt
lake, where a number of towns were built
by a tribe or tribes which were extermi-
nated by the Zufii immediately anterior
to the advent of the Spaniards in 1539-40.
The salt naturally deposited from the
supersaturated waters of the Zuni salt
lake was collected and carried long dis-
tances to the settlements, having been
found, it is said, in cliff-ruins in s. Colo-
rado, 200 m. from the source of supply.
Among the Pueblos, pottery vessels of
special form were used to contain salt, and
mortuary vessels which contained food
for the dead are frequently saturated with
this substance, causing exfoliation of the
surface of the ware.
The Navaho myth of the origin of
Dsilydje Qacal relates that ‘‘next day
they traveled up the stream to a place
called Tse’¢qika, and here again they
halted for the night. This place is noted
for its deposits of native salt. The trav-
elers cut some out from under a great rock
and filled with it their bags, made out of
the skins of the squirrels and other
small animals which they had captured”’
(Matthews).
The Hopi have obtained their salt from
time immemorial from the Grand Canyon
of the Colorado, westward from their
villages about 100m. Here salt is gath-
ered with ceremony by making sacrifice
to the Goddess of Salt and the God of
War, whose shrines are there (Fewkes).
The Pueblos have important salt deities,
that of the Hopi being Hurting Wuhti,
“‘The Woman of the Hard Substances,”’
420
who was a sea deity, like the Mexican
salt goddess Huitocilmatl. The myth
concerning the latter relates that she was
sister of the rain gods, with whom she
quarreled; in their resentment they drove
her to salt water, where she invented the
art of panning the mineral and became
Goddessof Salt. The Zufi ‘‘Salt Mother’’
was Mawe, genius of the sacred salt lake.
At certain seasons war parties were sent
to the lake for salt, and while there cere-
monies were performed and _ offerings
made. See Chaunis Temoatan, Food.
Consult Baegert in Smithson. Rep. 1863,
366, 1864; Bushnell in Man, 13, 1907; ibid.,
35, 1908; Collinson in Jour. Geog. Soe.
Lond., Ist s., xxv, 201, 1855; Cushing
(1) in 13th Rep. B. A. E., 353-54, 1896,
(2).in Millstone, 1x, no. 12, 1884; Dixon
in Am. Anthr., x, no. 2, 1908; Dorsey in
3d Rep. B. A. E., 309, 1884; Gatschet,
Karankawa Inds., 1891; Giddings in Pop.
Sci. Mo., June 1891; Hariot in Holbein
Soc. Pub., 14, 1888; Hoffman in Bull.
Essex Inst., xvi, 9-10, 1885; Jones,
Antiq. So. Inds., 45, 1873; Mason in
Smithson. Rep. 1886, 225, 1889; Matthews
in 5th Rep. B. A. E., 388, 1887; Mooney
in 7th Rep. B. A. E., 330, 1891; Speck in
Mem. Am. Anthr. Asso., 11, pt. 2, 1907;
Stevenson in 23d Rep. B. A. E., 60, 1904;
Thomas in 12th Rep. B. A. E., 695, 696,
1894; Wilson in Rep. Nat. Mus. 1888,
673, 1890. (Ww. H.)
Salt Chuck Indians (Chinook jargon:
salt-tchuk, ‘salt-water’). A general term
applied indiscriminately to coast tribes
by inland Indiansin the N. W. In 1884,
J. O. Dorsey, when at Siletz agency,
Oreg., heard this term applied, not only
by the inland tribes (as Takelma) to the
coast peoples (Athapascan, Kusan, etc.),
but even by Athapascans to themselves.
See Fitzhugh in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1857,
329, 1858.
Saltketchers. A former Yuchi village
in s. South Carolina, about the present
Salkehatchie. It seems to have been a
village of the Yamasee at the time of the
war with that tribe in 1716.
Saltketchers.—Hawkins (1799), Sketch, 61, 1848.
Sol-ke-chuh.—Ibid.
Salt Lick. A village, probably of the
Delawares, on Mahoning cr., near War-
ren, Trumbull co., Ohio, about 1760
(Croghan (1760) in Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll.,
4th gs., 1x, 289, 1871). The ‘‘old. salt
works ”’ here were operated by the whites
before the survey of the 5. part of the
Western Reserve in 1796. In 1800 the
chief of thesettlement, ‘‘Captain George,”’
was killed during a fight with settlers
(Howe, Hist. Coll. Ohio, 11, 659, 1896).
Saltwater Pond. A village in 1685,
probably in Plymouth co., Mass.—Hinck-
ley (1685) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4ths.,
v, 133, 1861.
Saluda. A small tribe formerly living
on Saluda r., 8. C. According to Rivers
SALT CHUCK INDIANS—SALUTATION
(Hist. S. C., 38, 1856) they removed to
Fennsylvania probably early in the 18th
century, which, if true, would indicate
that they were probably connected with
the Shawnee. In addition to that of the
river, the name survives in Saluda gap
in the Blue Ridge.
Salutation. In general Indian salutation
was accompanied by less demonstration
than is usual among Europeans, particu-
larly the inhabitants of southern Europe,
but it would be a mistake to assume that
lessfeelingexisted. Mallery, whodevoted
much attention to this subject, says:
“‘The North American Indians do not
have many conventional forms of saluta-
tion. Their etiquette generally is to meet
in silence and smoke before speaking, the
smoking being the realsalutation. Buta
number of tribes—e. g., the Shoshoni,
Caddo, and Arikara—use a word or sound
very similar to How! but in proper litera-
tion Hau or Hao. Most of the Sioux use
the same sound in communication with
the whites, from which the error has
arisen that they have caught up and abbre-
viated the ‘ How are you?’ of the latter.
But the word is ancient, used in councils,
and means ‘good,’ or ‘satisfactory.’ Itis
a response as well as an address or saluta-
tion. The Navaho say, both at meeting
and parting, ‘Agalani,’ an archaic word
the etymology of which is not yet ascer-
tained. Among theCherokee thecolloquy
isas follows: No.1 says, ‘Siyi’ [properly
Asiyu], ‘good’; No. 2 responds, Asiyi; td-
higwatsi?’ ‘good; are you in peace?’ To
this No. 1 says, ‘Iam in peace, and how is
itwith you?’ No.2ends by ‘lamin peace
also.’ Among the Zufi happiness is al-
ways asserted as wellasimplored. Inthe
morning their greeting is, ‘ How have you
passed the night?’ in the evening, ‘ How
have you come unto the sunset?’ The re-
ply always is ‘Happily.’ After a separa-
tion of even short duration, if more than
one day, the question is asked, ‘ How have
you passed these many days?’ Thereply
is invariably, ‘Happily,’ although the
person addressed may be in severe suffer-
ing or dying.”’
The greeting Hao/ or some variant was
found over a much wider area than Mal-
lery indicates. What Mallery says of
smoking applies only to ceremonial vis-
itings. The ordinary passing gveeting
among the Plains tribes and probably
most others is ‘‘Good’’ in the various -
languages (Mooney).
Close relations or very dear friends on
meeting after a considerable absence
would throw their right arms over each
other’s left shoulders and their left arms
under each other’s right arms, embrace
gently and allow their heads to rest
against each other for an instant. The
ceremonial form of salutation consisted
principally in rubbing with the hands, and
BULL. 30]
is thus described by Iberville as practised
on the lower Mississippi: ‘‘When I
arrived where my brother was, the chief
or captain of the Bayogoulas came to the
shore of the sea to show me friendship
and civility after their manner, which is,
_ being near you, to stop, pass the hands
over their face and breast, and afterward
pass their hands over yours, after which
they raise them toward the sky, rubbing
them and clasping them together”’ (Mar-
gry, Déc., 1v, 154-55, 1880). Although
varying to a certain extent, substantially
the same ceremony is reported from the
Indians of Carolina and the plains, the
Delawares, the Iroquois, the Aleut, and
the Eskimo proper; it was therefore wide-
spread throughout North America. Rub-
bing of noses by two personsis referred to
by early Witers, and an old Haida Indian
affirmed it to have been the ancient cus-
tom among his people, but well authenti-
cated cases are rare, although the rubbing
of the nose with the hand was often
observed among Eskimo tribes. Mooney
says that most of these instances, as in the
case of the Comanche, may have been
nothing more than misconceptions of
the hugging described above. Not in-
frequently the rubbing ceremonies were
accompanied by the shedding of tears.
Friederici finds two areas in America in
which this prevailed, one in the central
and south-central part of South America
among the Tupi tribes of Sao Paulo, Minas
Gerzes, and Bahia, the Charrua of Banda
Oriental, and some of the Chaco tribes;
the second in North America w. of the
Mississippi from the sources of that river
tothe Texas coast. This was particularly
conspicuous near the Gulf of Mexico,
from which circumstance the tribes there
were often called ‘‘ weepers.’’ Mooney
states that he has noted the custom only
where persons meet after a considerable
absence, and it was explained to him as
due to memories of events, particularly
deaths, which had taken place since the
previous meeting and which the figure of
the long absent one calls to mind. In
some cases, however, this has been
observed on the first meeting of Indians
with white men, when it perhaps had
some religious significance.
Consult Friederici in Globus, Lxxx1x,
30-34, 1906; Mallery (1) in Am. Anthr.,
11, 201-16, 1890, (2) in Pop. Sci. Month.,
xxxvill, 477-90, 629-44, 1891. (J.R.8.)
Salwahka (Sal-wa’-kha, prob. ‘at the foot
of the creek.’—Sapir). A former Ta-
kelma village near the mouth of Illinois
r. or one of its tributaries in Oregon.
Illinois Creek.—Dorsey, Takelma MS. vocab., B.
A. E., 1884, Illinois Valley (band).—Ibid. yus
gla’ yiinné’.—Dorsey, Tutu MS. vocab., B. one
1884 (‘plenty-of-camas people’: Tutu. name).
Sal-wa’-qa.—Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, I,
235, 1890 (own name). Salwaxa,—Sapir in Am.
Anthr., 1X, 254, 1907.
SALW AHKA—SAMOSET
421
Samahquam. A body of Salish of Fraser
River agency, Brit. Col.; pop. 67 in 1909.
Samackman.—Can. Ind. Aff., 188, 1879 (probably
identical). Samahquam.—Can. Ind. Afi., pt. 2,
ea 1901. Semaccom.—Can. Ind. Aff. 1884, 187,
1885.
Samamish (Skagit: samena, ‘hunter.’—
Gibbs). A Salish division on Samamish
and Dwamish lakes, w. Wash., number-
ing 101 in 1854. Gibbs classed them as
of Dwamish connection. They are not
to be confounded with the Sawamish of
Totten inlet.
Mon-mish.—Starling in Ind. Aff. Rep., 171, 1852
(separated by misprint from Say-hay-mon-mish).
Sababish.—Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., I, 482, 1855.
Sahmamish.—Starling, op. cit.,170. Sam-ab-mish.—
Rossin Ind. Aff. Rep. 1869,135,1870, Sam-ahmish.—
U.S. Ind. Treaties, 378, 1873. Samamish.—Gibbs,
op. cit. Say-hay.—Starling, op. cit.,171 (see Mon-
mish, above). Sim-a-mish.—Ross, ibid., 17, 1870.
Samampac. A tribe, evidently of the
Coahuiltecan family, met by Massanet
(Diario, in Mem. de Nueva Espafia, xxvu,
94, MS.) in 1691 w. of Rio Hondo, Tex.,
with Patchal, Papanac, Patsau, and other
tribes. (H. E. B.)
Sambella. A former Upper Creek town
on the vn. side of Tallapoosa r., in Elmore
co., Ala.—Royce in 18th Rep. B. A. E.,
Ala. map, 1899.
Samboukia. An unidentified tribe for-
merly living on the k. side of Yazoo r.,
Miss. Mentioned only by Coxe, who
places them between the Koroa and the
Tihiou (Tioux).
Samboukas.—Coxe in French, Hist. Coll. La., 111,
ae ae Samboukia.—Coxe, Carolana, 10, map,
Samish. A Salish division formerly on
a river and bay of the same name in
Washington, now on Lummi res. Asea-
kum and Nukhwhaiimikhl were among
their villages.
Isamishs.—Domenech, Deserts N. A., I, 441, 1860.
Kahmish.—Ross in Ind. Aff. Rep., 1385, 1869.
Sabsh.—Mallet, ibid., 198, 1877 (said to be subor-
dinate to Nugh-lemmy). Sahmish.—Stevens in
H. R. Ex. Doc. 37, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 46, 1857.
§’a/mic.—Boas in 5th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 10,
1889. Samish.—Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., I, 436,
1855. Sawish.—Simmons in Ind. Aff, Rep., 224,
1858. Sohmish.—Stevens, op. cit., 70.
Samoset (possibly from Osamoset, ‘he
who walks over much.’—Gerard). A na-
tive and sagamore of Pemaquid, and the
original proprietor of the site of Bristol,
Me. It is stated that he appeared among
the Pilgrims soon after their landing in
1620 and greeted them with the words
‘Welcome, Englishmen!’’—showing that
he was more or less acquainted with their
language—and informed them that he
was a sagamore of Moratiggon (q. v.).
As he had been in the C. Cod country for
8 months, it is probable that he went
thither with Capt. Dermer, who left Mon-
hegan for C. Cod a few months previous
to the date mentioned. Samoset intro-
duced the Pilgrims to Massasoit (q. v.),
with whom it seems he was in friendly
relation at that time. Moved to pity by
his apparent destitution, the Pilgrims
422
gave him ‘‘a horseman’s coat’’ and also
“strong water and biskit and butter, and
cheese and pudding, and a piece of a mal-
lard.’’ Samoset repaid this kindness by
the services he rendered the new colo-
nists. He is next heard of two years
later at Capmanwogen (Southport, Me.),
with Capt. Levett, whom he esteemed as
his special friend. In July, 1625, he, with
Unongoit, executed the first deed made
between the Indians and the English, con-
veying to John Brown, of New Harbor,
12,000 acres of the Pemaquid territory.
Nothing further is recorded of Samoset
until 1653, when he signed a deed con-
veying 1,000 acres to William Parnell,
Thomas Way, and William England.
He probably died soon thereafter, and
was buried with his kindred on his is-
land homestead near Round pond, in the
town of Bristol. He is described as hav-
ing been tall and straight, with hair long
behind and short in front; his only dress
‘‘a leather’? about his waist with a fringe
about a span long. Mention is made of
one son born to him about 1624, but his
name is not given. Consult Mourt in
Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., Ist s., v1, 226,
1802; Thornton in Me. Hist. Soe. Coll.,
v, 167-201, 1857; Sewell in Mag. Am.
Hist., vir, 820-25, 1882. (CET)
Samp. A maize porridge, once a very
important article of food in New England
and elsewhere. In 1677 the treasurer of
Massachusetts was ordered to procure,
among other things to be given as pres-
ents to the king, ‘‘two hogsheads of spe-
ciall good sampe.’’ Roger Williams (Key
to Am. Lang., 33, 1643) defines the na-
saump of the Narraganset dialect of Al-
gonquian as ‘‘a kind of meale pottage
unparched,’’ adding that ‘‘from this the
English call their samp, which is Indian
corn beaten and boiled, and eaten hot or
cold with milke or butter.’’ Josselyn
(1672) describes sampe as ‘‘a kind of
loblolly of blue corn to eat with milk.”’
The Narraganset nasaump, ‘softened
with water,’ is cognate with the Abnaki
tsa”ba’n, corn mush, ete. CA, ae.)
Sampala. A former Seminole town, 26
m. above the forks of Apalachicola r., on
the w. bank, in Calhoun co., Fla.—H. R.
Ex. Doc. 74 (1823), 19th Cong., Ist sess.,
27, 1826.
Sampanal. A tribe, evidently of the
Coahuiltecan family, met by Massanet’s
party in 1689, when on the way from
Coahuila to Texas, at Sacatsol mts., 20
leagues N. of the Rio Grande, in Texas.
They were with the Mescal, Yorica, Cho-
mene (Jumano), Tilpayay, and other
tribes (Manzanet, Carta, ca. 1690, in Quar.
Tex. Hist. Asso., 11, 284, 1899). In 1691
Massanet met the same tribe near Rio
Hondo( Diario, in Mem. de Nueva Espaiia,
xxvu, 94, MS.). (H. E. B.)
SAMP—SANA
[B. A. B.
Sanpanal.—Massanet (1691), Diario, op. cit. San-
panale.—Massanet, List of Tribes dated Nov. 16,
1690, in Mem. de Nueva Espana, xxvu, 183, MS.
Sampe. See Samp.
Sana. A central Texastribe, apparently
Tonkawan. It was known as early as
1691, when Massanet mentioned it in one
of the most important passages bearing on
the ethnology of early Texas. When
about 25 m. N. BE. of San Antonio r., ap-
parently at Arroyo del Cibolo, and about
opposite Seguin, he wrote: ‘‘I may note
that from the mission [San Salvador, in
Coahuila] to this place there is still one
language [the Coahuiltecan] . .. From
this place to the Texas there are other
languages. There follow the Catqueca,
Cantona, Emet, Cavas, Sana, Tojo, Toaa,
and other tribes of Indians. At the said
place, it being on the boundary between
the Indians, they speak different lan-
guages, although they are all friendly and
do not have wars.’’ The Coahuiltecan
tribes called the place Xoloton, and the
tribes to the rE. called it Bata Coniquiyoqui
(Mem. de Nueva Espafia, xxvit, 98, MS. ).
In 1716 the Chanas, evidently identical,
are mentioned by Ramén, together with
Apaches, Yojuanes, and Chuuipanes, as
enemies of the Texas (Orig. MS. in
Archivo Gen. de Mex.). An imperfect
copy of Ramoén’s report give ‘‘Jumanes”’
and ‘‘Chivipanes’’ in place of Yojuanes
and Chuuipanes (Representacién, Mem.
de Nueva Espafia, xxvir, 160, MS.). In
1716 the same list is given as the Apaches,
Yojuanes, Cibipanes, and Canas (Dicta-
men Fiscal, Nov. 30, ibid., 193), and
a few days later as Apaches, Jojuanes,
Huvipanes (Ervipiames), and Chanas
(Junta de Guerra, Dec. 2, 1716, ibid.,
217). Ii the last list be correct, it is one
of several indications of the Tonkawan
affiliation of the Sana. Shortly after this
period Llano r. was known as Rio de los
Chanes, but it is not known that there is
any connection between this and the
name of the Sana tribe.
In 1721 the Sana are again met and
dealt with. Late in January, it seems,
some of the tribe (Samas) came from the
E. to San Antonio and reported to Capt.
Garcia that Saint Denis, the French com-
mandant at Natchitoches, had called a
meeting of many tribes 30 leagues from
San Antonio (Pefia, Diario, Mem. de
Nueva Espafia, xxvii, 6, MS.). When
Aguayo passed through San Antonio he
made the Sana presents. Later he met
part of the tribe, apparently in_ their
home, halfway between the Guadalupe
and the Colorado, in the neighborhood of
modern San Marcos (ibid., 18).
Late in 1739 or early in 1740 a severe
epidemic visited the San Antonio mis-
sions, and in Feb., 1740, the missionaries,
wishing to replenish the supply of In-
dians, declared their intention of bring-
t
BULL. 30]
ing in ‘‘the Zanas and Mayeyes, since
they are related to those already con-
verted”’ (ibid., xxvii, 203). As Massa-
net distinctly tells us that the Sana did
not speak the Coahuiltecan language, and
as the Mayeyes were quite evidently Ton-
kawan, the conclusion is that the Sana
also were Tonkawan. A _ considerable
list of words spoken by the Sana and
their congeners is extant, and a carefyl
study of it will perhaps settle the point
(San Antonio de Valero Bautismos, be-
ginning with 1740, MS.). In 1740 gentile
Sana began toenter San Antoniode Valero
mission in considerable numbers, and con-
tinued coming till about 1749. A study
of the records shows that before entering
the mission they were very closely inter-
related by marriage with the Tojo (Tou,
Too), Mayeye, Sijame, Tenu, and Au-
juiap tribes or subtribes. In 1748,
‘Numa, of the Tou tribe, chief of the
Zanas,’’ was baptized at the mission (San
Antonio de Valero Bautismos, partidas
494, 549, 579, 581, 608, 633, 635, 647, 675,
714, ete.). In 1793 the Sana were men-
tioned as one of the main tribes at San
Antonio de Valero (Revilla-Gigedo,
Carta, 195, in Dic. Univ. de Hist. y de
Geog., v, 1854).
The native pronunciation of the name
was perhaps Chanas, but the most fre-
quent spelling in the mission records is
Zanas. Cf. Sanukh. H. E. B.)
Canas.—Ramo6n (1716), Derrotero, in Mem. de
Nueva Espafia, Xxvil, 198, MS. Chanas.—Junta
de Guerra, 1716, ibid., 217; also Father Zarate
ee. Valero Bautismos, partidas 1495-96.
hanes.—Ramon, op. cit.,160. Sanas.—Massanet
jg ig cit. Zana.—Valero Bautismos, partida
San Agustin de Ahumada. A Spanish
presidio established in 1756 near the
mouth of Trinity r., Texas, to prevent
the French from trading and _ settling
among the Arkokisa and Bidai Indians,
who lived along the lower courses of that
stream and the Rio San Jacinto. Its
establishment was the direct result of the
arrest in 1754 (not 1757, as Morfi says)
of one Blanecpain (or Lanpen), who was
trading in that vicinity among the Arko-
kisa. Bancroft gives the date of the
founding as 1755, but an official report
says that it was effected in consequence
of an order of Feb. 12, 1756. It is true,
however, that a temporary garrison was
considered in 1755. Bancroft also fixes
the first site about 100 m. up the Trinity,
but official documents show that it was
only about 2 leagues’ distance from the
mouth. Near it was established, at about
the same time, Nuestra Sefiora de la Luz,
or Orcoquisac (Arkokisa), mission.
Because of the unhealthfulness of the
site, a plan to remove the presidio to the
arroyo of Santa Rosa de Alcazar, a branch
of the Rio San Jacinto, in the center of
the Arkokisa country, was soon proposed;
SAN AGUSTIN DE AHUMADA—SAN ANTONIO
423
in 1757 the Viceroy ordered the plan car-
ried out; and, according to an official
statement, it was accomplished before
Aug., 1760, but this seems to be an error.
Later, apparently in 1764, the presidio
was ordered moved to Los Horconsitos,
2 or 3 leagues n. of the original site, but
it appears that the removal was never
made. A few years afterward the presidio
was burned as the result of a quarrel, and
in 1772 its abandonment was ordered,
although this, as well as that of the mis-
sion, had already taken place (see Lamar
Papers, Span. MS. no. 25; Nacogdoches
Archives, Span. MS. no. 488; Valcarcel,
Expediente sobre Variaciones, etc., Aug.
7, 1760, MS. in Archivo Gen.; Abad to
the Viceroy, Nov. 27, 1759, and Dicta-
men Fiscal, Feb. 7, 1760, both in Béxar
Archives, San Agustin de Ahumada;
Viceroy Cruillasto Gov. Martos y Navarr-
ete, Aug. 30, 1764, MS. in Béxar Archives;
Bonilla, Breve Compendio, in Quar. Tex.
Hist. Asso., vii, 11, 56, 57, 61, 1904; Ban-
croit, No. Mex. States and Tex., 1, 615
(map), 653, 655-656, 1886). _ (H. E. B.)
Orcoquisac.—Rubi, Dictamen, 1767, MS. San Agus-
tin de Aumada.—Barrios y Jauregui (1756) in Na-
cogdoches Archives, Span. MS. no. 488. San
Augustin de Ahumada.—Ibid. San Augustin de
ple Pie Rio de la Trinidad.—Valcarcel (1760),
op. cit.
San Andrés (Saint Andrew). A former
village of the Tubar on the extreme head-
waters of the Rio Fuerte, 3 m. from More-
los, s. w. Chihuahua, Mexico; now largely
Mexicanized. — Lumholtz, Unknown
Mex., 1, 442, 1902.
San Andrés Coamiata. A Huichol vil-
lage near the upper waters of the Rio
Chapalagana, on a plain in the sierra in
the w. part of the tribal territory, in N. w.
Jalisco, Mexico.
San Andrés Coamiata.—Lumholtz, Huichol Ind.,
5,1898. TatéIkia.—Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., 11,
27, 1902 (‘house of our mother,’ alluding to a
mythical serpent: Huichol name).
San Andrés Coata. A former Pima ran-
cheria, visited and so named by Father
Kino in 1697, and probably as early as
1694 (Bancroft, No. Mex. States, 1, 259,
1884); situated near the junction of the
Gila and Salado, s. Ariz. Taylor (Cal.
Farmer, June 13, 1862) mentions it as a
mission founded by Kino in 1694, but this
is evidently an error.
San Andrés.—Garcés (1775), Diary, 142, 1900. San
Andrés Coata.—Mange in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4ths., I,
306, 1856.
San Angelo. A rancheria of the Sobai-
puri, near the w. bank of Rio Santa Cruz,
below its mouth ins. Arizona, first visited
and doubtless sonamed by Father Kino in
the latter part of the 17th century.
§. Angel.—Kino, map (1701),in Bancroft, Ariz. and
N. Mex., 360, 1889. S, Angelo.—Kino, map (1702),
in Stécklein, Neue Welt-Bott, 74, 1726.
San Antonio (Saint Anthony). A former
pueblo of the Tigua, situated ©. of the
present settlement of the same name, about
the center of the Sierra de Gallego, or Sierra
424
de Carnué, between San Pedro and Chili-
li, r. of the Rio Grande, N. Mex. Accord-
ing to Bandelier (Arch. Inst. Papers, rv,
253, 1892), the only mention of the settle-
ment is made in the Carnué land grant
in the 18th century, and it must have
been occupied within historic times.
San Antonio. A former group of Al-
chedoma rancherias, situated on the Rio
Colorado in Arizona, 35 or 40 m. below
the mouth of Bill Williams fork. Visited
and so named by Fray Francisco Garcés
in 1776.—Garcés, Diary, 423, 1900.
San Antonio. A Tepehuane pueblo, and
formerly the seat of a Spanish mission, at
the n. boundary of Durango, Mexico, lon.
105°.
S$. Antonio.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., 319, 1864.
San Antonio dela Huerta. A pueblo of
the Nevome, situated at the junction of
the Rio Batepito and Rio Soyopa, tribu-
taries of the Rio Yaqui, about lat. 29°,
lon. 109°, Sonora, Mexico (Orozco y Berra,
Geog., 351, 1864). It is now a civilized
pueblo, and contained 171 inhabitants in
1900.
San Antonio de Padua, Thethird Fran-
ciscan mission established in California.
The place was chosen by Father Junipero
Serra in the well-wooded valley of the
stream now known as San Antonio r.,
about 6m. from the present town of Jolon,
Monterey co. The native name of the
place was Texhaya, or Teshaya. Herethe
mission was founded by Serra with great
enthusiasm on July 14, 1771, though only
one native was present. The Indians,
however, proved friendly; they brought
food and helped in the work of con-
structing the church and other necessary
buildings. The first native was baptized
a month later, and by the end of 1772, 158
baptisms were reported. In 1780 the
neophytes numbered 585, while by 1790
they had reached 1,076, making it the
largest mission community at that time
in California. By 1800 there wasa slight
increase to 1,118, while the greatest num-
ber in the history of the mission, 1,124,
was reached in 1805. The wealth of the
mission was not so great as that of some
others. The land was reported as rather
sterile and difficult to irrigate, although
the average crop for the decade ending
1810 was 3,780 bushels. In the year last
named there were 3,700 cattle, 700 horses,
and more than 8,000 sheep. Though the
number of the neophytes gradually de-
creased, reaching 878 in 1820 and 681 in
1830, the mission live stock continued to
multiply and the crops were nearly as
good as before. In 1830 Robinson (Life
in California, 81, 1846) reported that
everything at the mission was in the most
perfect order, and the Indians cleanly
and well dressed. Beyond an attack on
the mission converts by some outside na-
tives in 1774, in which one Indian only
SAN ANTONIO—SAN ANTONIO DE VALERO
[B. A. BE.
was wounded, there does not seem to have
been any trouble with the natives in this
region. By 1830 there were said to be
no more gentiles within 75 m. Up to
1834 the total number of Indians baptized
was 4,348, of whom 2,587 were children.
The earlier buildings of the mission were
of adobe, but a new and larger church
with arched corridors and a brick front
was begun about 1809, and completed
within the next ten years. The mission
was formally secularized in 1835, and
during the next few years declined rapidly,
losing a large part of its stock. There
was much friction between Padre Mer-
cado and the civil administrator, and
many of the Indians deserted because of
bad treatment. As with the other mis-
sions, the control was restored to the
padres in 1843, but too late to accomplish
much good. Thereseems to be no record
of the sale of the mission. Padre Doroteo
Ambris remained there for several years,
and at his death the mission was deserted,
except for an occasional service by a visit-
ing priest from San Miguel. The place
remained in ruins until 1904, when the
Landmarks Club of California undertook
its preservation. The Indians in the
neighborhood of the San Antonio mission
belonged to the Salinan linguistic stock,
but the mission also had neophytes from
the San Joaquin valley, probably Yokuts.
The following names of villages have
been taken from the old mission books
(Taylor, Cal. Farmer, Apr. 27, 1860):
Atnel, Chacomex, Chitama, Cholucyte,
Chunapatama, Chuquilin (San Miguelita),
Chuzach, Cinnisel, Ejmal, Ginace, Iolon,
Lamaca, Lima, Quina (Quinada), Sapay-
wis, Seama, Steloglamo, Subazama, Teco-
lom, Teshaya, Tetachoya (Ojitos), Texja,
Tsilacomap, Zassalete, Zumblito. The
rancherias, it is said, were generally
named after their chiefs. (A. B. L.)
San Antonio de Valero. A mission, com-
monly knownas the The Alamo ( Ah’-lah-
mo), transplanted in 1718 from the Rio
Grande to the site of the present city of San
Antonio, Texas. It, together with the ad-
jacent presidio and villa, wasfoundedas an
intermediate center of operations between
the Rio Grande and the 5. Texas mis-
sions, which had been reestablished in
1716. The missionary part of the enter-
prise was planned and directed by Fray
Antonio de San Buenaventura de Oli-
vares. In 1700 he had founded San Fran-
cisco Solano mission near the Rio Grande,
in Valle de la Circumcisién (Portillo,
Apuntes para la Historia Antigua de
Coahuila y Texas, 269-70, 1888). It was
subsequently moved to San Ildefonso,
thence to San Joseph, on the Rio Grande,
a short distance from Presidio del Rio
Grande ( Valero Bautismos, folio 1). The
principal tribe baptized at these places
was the Xarame, although the Siaguan,
BULL. 30]
Payuguan, Papanac, and perhaps others
were represented. By 1716, 364 baptisms
had been performed ( Valero Bautismos).
In this year, when the government was
planning a settlement between the Rio
Grande and f£. Texas, Olivares proposed
transplanting this mission, with its In-
dians, to the river then called San Antonio
de Padua, maintaining that his Xarames,
since they were well versed in agriculture,
would assist in teaching and subduing
new neophytes (Olivares to the Viceroy,
Mem. de Nueva Espajfia, 169-70, MS.).
This plan was carried out in 1718, pos-
session of the new site being formally
given on May 1. The transfer was no
doubt facilitated by the close affinity of
the tribes at the new site with those at
the old. The mission was founded near
the z. frontier of the Coahuiltecan group.
The tribes or bands near by were ex-
tremely numerous and in general cor-
respondingly
small. One of
the chief ones
was the Payaya.
This was not
the first time
they had heard
the gospel, for
in1691 Massanet
had entered
their village on
San Antonio r.
(whichthey had
called Yanagua-
na), set up a
cross, erected an
altar in a chapel
of boughs, said
mass in the pres-
ence of the natives, explained its mean-
ing, and distributed rosaries, besides giv-
ing the Payaya chief a horse. This
tribe, Massanet said, was large, and
their rancherias deserved the name of
pueblo (Diario, Mem. de Nueva Espafia,
xxvu, 95-96, MS.).
Within about a year the mission, now
called San Antoniode Valero, wasremoved
across the river, evidently to the site it
still occupies (Espinosa, Chrénica Apos-
tolica, 450, 1746). From the records it
seems that only one baptism was per-
formed in 1718. In 1719 there were 24,
mainly of Xarames and Payayas, but
representing also the Cluetau, Junced
(Juncal?), Pamaya, Siaguan, Sijame,
Sumi, and Terocodame tribes. The first
decade resulted in about 250 baptisms,
representing some 40 so-called tribes.
By Feb. 1740, there had been 837 bap-
tisms. Shortly before this an epidemic
had gone through all the San Antonio
missions, and left at Valero only 184
neophytes; but immediately afterward
(1739-40) 77 Tacamanes (Tacames?) were
SAN ANTONIO DE VALERO
CHURCH OF SAN ANTONIO DE VALERO, “THE ALAMO”
425
brought in (Mem. de Nueva Espaiia,
xxvul, 203-04, MS.). A report made
Dec. 17, 1741, showed 238 persons resi-
dent at the mission ( Urrutia to the Vice-
roy, MS.). On May 8, 1744, the first stone
of a new church was laid, but in 1762 it
was being rebuilt, a work that seems
neyer to have been completed ( Diego Mar-
tin Garcia, 1745, op. cit., and Ynforme de
Misiones, 1762, Mem. de Nueva Espajia,
xxvii, 164, MS.). According toa report
made in 1762, the books showed 1,972
baptisms (evidently an exaggeration),
247 burials, and 454 marriages. There
were then 275 persons, of the Xarame,
Payaya, Sana, Lipan (captives mainly),
Coco, Tojo (Tou), and Karankawa
tribes. Of this number 32 were gen-
tiles of the last-named tribe, whose
reduction was then being attempted,
notwithstanding the opposition of the
Zacatecan missions (see Nuestra Senora del
Rosario). The
same report, be-
sides describing
the monastery
workshops,
church, chapel,
and? rane hs
says of the In-
dian quarters:
“There are 7
rows of houses
for the dwell-
ings of the In-
dians; they are
made of stone
and supplied
with doors and
windows; they
are furnished
with high beds, chests, metates, pots, flat
earthen pans, kettles, cauldrons, and
boilers. With their arched porticoes the
houses form a broad and beautiful plaza
through which runs a canal skirted by
willows and fruit trees, and used by the
Indians. To insure a supply of water in
case of blockade by the enemy a curbed
well has been made. For the defense of
the settlement, the plaza is surrounded
by awall. Over the gate isa large tower
with its embrasures, 3 cannons, some
firearms, and appropriate supplies (Trans.
by E. Z. Rather, in Bolton and Barker,
With the Makers of Texas, 64-65, 1904).
For a description of the massive walls,
see Bancroft, No. Mex. States, 1, 207-08,
1889.
After 1765 the activity of this mission
suddenly declined, even more rapidly
than that of the neighboring missions.
This decline was contemporaneous, on
the one hand, with the lessening of po-
litical activity in Texas after the acquisi-
tion of Louisiana by the Spaniards, and,
on the other hand, with a growing hos-
426
tility on the part of the northern tribes.
It seems also true that the docile tribes
on which the mission had largely de-
pended were becoming exhausted.
Moreover the growing villa of San Fer-
nando encroached upon the mission
lands and injurious quarrels resulted.
From 1764 to 1783 only 102 baptisms were
recorded for Valero, while a number of
these were of Spaniards. In 1775 In-
spector Oconor reported fewer than 15
families there (quoted by Portillo, op. cit.,
297-98). In 1793 there were still 43
Payaya, Sana, and others, evidently sur-
vivors of families brought there long
before (Revilla Gigedo, Carta, Dec. 27,
1793, MS.).
In 1793 this mission was secularized,
and the lands were divided among the
neophytes and some of the citizens (not
Indians) who had abandoned Adaes in
1773. The walled inclosure and the
buildings were later occupied by the com-
pany del Alamo de Parras, whence the
name Alamo (Revillo-Gigedo, op. cit.;
Portillo, op. cit., 353-54), and in 1836
they became the scene of one of the most
heroic events in all history—the famed
resistance and annihilation of Travis and
his men, Mar. 6, 1836. The chapel is
now the property of the State of Texas.
The baptismal records show the surpris-
ing number of about 100 apparently dis-
tinct tribes or subtribes represented at this
mission during its whole career after the
remoyal to the San Antonio. These are:
Apache, Apion, Caguas, Camai, Cantuna
(Cantanual), Cems (Quems?), Chaguan-
tapam, Chapamaco, Chuapas, Cimataguo,
Cluetau, Coco, Cocomeioje (Coco), Colo-
rado, Comanche, Cupdan, Emet, Gabilan,
Guerjuatida, Huacacasa, Hyerbipiamo,
Jancae (Tonkawa?), Juamaca(Juampa?),
Juancas, Jueinzum, Juncatas (Junca-
taguo), Junced, Karankawa, Lipan, Ma-
cocoma (Cocoma), Manos Coloradas,
Manos Prietas, Maquems, Matucar, Ma-
yeye, Menequen, Merhuan, Mescales,
Mesquites, Mulato, Muruam, Natao,
Necpacha (Apache?), Nigco, Ocana,
Pachaquen (cf. Pacuaches), Pachaug,
Paguanan, Pamaya, Papanac (Panac),
Paquache, Pasqual, Pastaloca, Pataguo,
Patan, Patauium, Patou, Patzau, Pausa-
qui, Pausay, Payaya, Payuguan (Payu-
huan), Peana, Piniquu, Pita, Psaupsau,
Quesal, Quimso (Quems?), Secmoco,
Sencase, Siaban, Siaguan, Siaguasan,
Siansi, Sijame, Sinicu, Siniczo (Senisos,
Cenizos), Sulujame, Sumi, Tacames (Ta-
camane), Tenu, Terocodame, Tetzino,
Texa (Hainai?), Ticmamar, Tishim, Ton-
kawa, Tonzaumacagua, Tucana, Tuu,
Ujuiap (Aujuiap), Uracha, Xarame,
Xaraname (Araname), Yacdossa, Yman,
Yojuan, Yorica, Yuta (Yute), Zorquan.
(H. E. B.)
SANATE ADIVA—SAN BUENAVENTURA
[B. A. B.
San Antonio de Velero,—Bancroft, No. Mex. States,
I, 618, 1886 (misprint).
Sanate Adiva (said to mean ‘great
woman,’ or ‘chief woman’). A priestess
or chieftainess at the Nabedache village
on San Pedro ecr., Houston co., Texas, in
1768. See Nabedache.
San Athanasio (Saint Athanasius). A
Cochimi pueblo and visita 5 leagues from
SanIgnacio de Kadakaman mission, Lower
California, in 1745.—Venegas, Hist. Cal.,
u, 198, 1759.
San Benito (Saint Benedict). A former
Serrano village of 80 inhabitants near the
source of the Rio Mohave, 3 leagues nN. E.
over the mountains from San Bernardino
valley. It was visited and so named by
Fray Francisco Garcés in 1776.—Gareés,
Diary (1776), 246, 1900.
San Bernabé(Saint Barnabas). Se a)
San Marcos. A Cochimi visitation town
of Santa Rosalia Mulege mission in 1745,
on the E. shore of Lower California, 8
leagues n. of Mulege, probably on San
Marcos id.—Venegas, Hist. Cal., 11, 198,
1759. ese
San Marcos de Apalache. The principal
town and mission station of the Apala-
chee in the 17th century, situated about
the present St Marks, Wakulla co., Fla.
It is mentioned in a letter of the chiefs
of the tribe to the King of Spain in 1688.
In1704it wastaken andentirely destroyed,
with the church and other mission build-
ings, by the English and their Indian al-
lies under Gov. Moore. (J. M.)
San Marcos.—Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg.,I, 76, 1884.
San Marcos de Apalache.—Barcia, Ensayo, 339,
1723. St. Mark de Appalachee.—Brackenridge
(1827) in Williams, West Fla., 107, 1827. St.
Marks.—Shea, Cath. Miss., 74, 1855.
San Martin. A former Maricopa ran-
cheria on Gila r., w. of the great bend,
in s. w. Arizona; visited by Anza, Font,
and Garcés in 1775. See Garcés (1775),
Diary, 117, 1900.
8. Martin of the Opas.—Bancroft, Ariz. and N.
Mex., 392, 1889.
San Martin. A former rancheria, prob-
ably Papago, visited by Father Kino in
1701; situated in s. w. Sonora, Mexico,
between Busanic and Sonoita.—Kino
cited by Bancroft, No. Mex. States, 1,
497, 1884.
San Mateo (Saint Matthew). A Timu-
cua mission town in 1688, named in an
address from the chiefs of the tribe to the
King of Spain (see copy and translation
by Gatschet in Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.,
xvitt, 497, 1880). There appears to have
been another town of the same name,
possibly a Spanish settlement, in w.
Florida at a later date. (3. M.)
San Mateo. A former Jova pueblo and
seat of a Spanish mission founded in 1677;
situated in r. Sonora, Mexico, about lat.
29°. It was temporarily deserted in 1690,
owing to Apache depredations. Pop. 596
in 1678, and only 95 in 1730.
San Mateo—Zapata (1678) in Doc. Hist. Mex.,
4th s., 11, 349, 1857. San Mateo de Saguaripa.—
Ibid. San Mateo Malzura.—Orozco y Berra, Geog.,
345, 1864. S. Mateo.—Bancroft, No. Mex. States,
I, 513, 1884.
San Mateo. A pueblo, probably Kere-
san, in New Mexico in 1590.—Sosa (1590)
in Doc. Inéd., xv, 254, 1871.
San Miguel (Saint Michael) The six-
teenth Franciscan mission established in
California. The site chosen was ata place
called by the natives Vahia, in the upper
Salinas valley, between San Antonio and
San Luis Obispo, in the n. part of the
present San Luis Obispo co. Taylor (Cal.
3456°—Bull. 30, pt 2—07——29
SAN MARCOS—SAN MIGUEL
449
Farmer, Apr. 27, 1860) says the name of
the rancheria at the site of the mission
was Chulam, or Chalomi. At this place
Fr. Lasuen, on July 25, 1797, ‘‘in the
presence of a great multitude of gentiles
of both sexes and of all ages,”’ formally
founded the mission. The natives were
very friendly, and 15children were offered
for baptism the same day. The mission
grew rapidly in population and wealth.
By 1800 there were 362 neophytes, and
973 in 1810, while the greatest number,
1,076, was reached in 1814. At the end
of the first three years the mission had
372 horses and cattle, and 1,582 small
stock, while the crops for that year (1800)
were 1,900 bushels. In 1810 there were
5,281 cattle and horses, 11,160 small
stock, with an average crop for the pre-
ceding decade of 3,468 bushels. During
the next decade the stock increased con-
siderably, but the crops began and con-
tinued to decline. In 1806 the mission
lost a number of its buildings and a large
quantity of supplies by fire, but the roof
only of the church was injured. Shortly
after 1818 a new church was completed.
In 1828 the mission lands were reported
as extending from the ocean to Tulare
lake. In 1834 there were 599 neophytes.
Up to this time the total number of na-
tives baptized was 2,562, of whom 1,277
were children. The mission was secu-
larized in 1836, and was generally pros-
perous until 1840, as its ranches and vine-
yards had not been granted to private
individuals. The Indians lived at the
mission and on the ranches, and in 1840
still numbered 350. In 1844, however,
San Miguel was reported as without lands
or cattle, while its neophytes were demor-
alized and scattered for want of aminister.
The mission was sold in 1845, but the
purchase was later declared invalid. The
church and monastery were preserved
and are still in use. The church is par-
ticularly interesting because of the inte-
rior decorations, which have been prac-
tically undisturbed since the days of the
first padres. The Indians of this mission
belonged to the Salinan (q. v.) linguistic
family, though among the neophytes
were many, probably Yokuts, from San
Joaquin valley, with whom the natives
around the mission are said to have been
on intimate terms. (AS Ben)
San Miguel. A former village of the
Tubar on the extreme headwaters of the
Rio Fuerte, in s. w. Chihuahua, Mexico.
Although now largely Mexicanized, it is
still the chief seat of the Tubar people. —
Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., 1, 443, 1902.
San Miguel. A Cochimi settlement and
visita of Nuestra Sefora de Guadalupe
mission in Lower California, from which it
was distant 6 leagues s. E., in 1745,—
Venegas, Hist. Cal., 11, 198, 1759,
450
San Miguel de la Frontera (Saint Mi-
chael of the Frontier). A Dominican
mission established by Fathers Val-
dellon and Lopez, in 1782, about lat. 32°
10’, Lower California, 30 m. s. E. of San
Diego, Cal. The rancherias connected
with the mission it 1860 were Otat,
Hawai, Ekquall, Hassasei, Inomassi, Nell-
mole, and Mattawottis. The inhabitants
spoke a Dieguefio dialect. See Taylor in
Cal. Farmer, May 18, 1860.
San Miguel of the frontiers.—Taylor cited by
Browne, Res. Pac. Slope, app., 51, 1869. f
San Miguel de Linares. A Franciscan
mission established among the Adai,
near Sabine r., La., in 1716. In 1719 a
force of French, with Natchitoch and
Caddo allies, took possession of it, and the
Indians destroyed the buildings, but the
mission was reestablished by the Span-
iards with 400 Adai 2 years later. It
reported 103 baptisms in 1768, and was
abandoned in 1773.
Adaes.—Garrison, Texas, 75,1903. Los Adeas.—La
Harpe (1719) quoted by Bancroft, No. Mex. States,
I, 618, 1886. San Miguel.—Bancroft, ibid., 626. San
Miguel de Cuellar.—Ibid., 615, 666. San Miguel de
los Adais.—Pelaez, Mem. Guatemala, IIT, 52, 1852.
San Miguel de los Adeas.—Ibid., 618.
8
San Miguel de los Noches (‘Saint Michael
of the Noches,’ here referring to a Yokuts
tribe sometimes called Noches, who lived
in the vicinity). A rancheria situated
probably on the site of the present Bakers-
field, Kern co., s. Cal., in 1776.
San Miguel de los Noches por el Santo Principe.—
Garcés, Diary (1775-76), 299, 1900.
San Miguel Zuaque. A settlement of
the Zuaque division of the Cahita, on the
s. bank of Rio del Fuerte, 20 m. above
its mouth, in n. w. Sinaloa, Mexico.
The inhabitants used both the Zuaque
and the Vacoregue dialects.
San Miguel Zuaque.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., 332,
1864. S, Michaél.—Kino, map (1702), in Stécklein,
Neue Welt-Bott, 1726. §S. Miguel.—Orozco y Berra,
Geog., Map, 1864.
Sannak. A fishing settlement of Aleut
on Sannak id., x. Aleutians, Alaska; pop.
132 in 1890.—Eleventh Census, Alaska,
163, 1893.
Sannio. A Cayuga village on the k. side
and at the foot of Cayuga lake, N. Y., in
1750.—De Schweinitz, Life of Zeisberger,
57, 1870.
Sannup. A word said to have been used
in Massachusetts as a designation for an
Indian married man. It is mentioned
first in the Voyages into New England of
Levett (1628), whose travels did not ex-
tend southward beyond the boundaries
of Maine, and who remarks, ‘‘The saga-
mores will scarce speak to an ordinary
man, but will point to their men and say
‘“sanops must speak to sanops and saga-
mores to sagamores.’’ Cotton Mather, in
his Magnalia (ca. 1688), usesthe word in his
classification of Indian society, in which
he states that the highest class consisted
of the ‘‘nobles,’’ comprising all those who
SAN MIGUEL DE LA FRONTERA—SAN PASCUAL
[B. A. B.
were descended from blood royal, those
who were invested with authority by the
sachem and who had always been consid-
ered as noble; and, second, the ‘‘yeo-
men’’ or ‘‘sannups,’’ who formed the
mass of the community, and possessed a
right in the lands of the tribe, ete.; and,
third, the ‘‘villains”’ or ‘‘serfs,’? who had
no property in the land, and were in some
degree subject to the sannups or ordinary
citizens. The word was not known to the
Massachuset Indians, but by the whites
who used it, like the words skunk, wig-
wam, musquash, and sagamore, was bor-
rowed from the dialects of the A bnaki, in
which it occurs in the following forms:
Norridgewock seenavbe, Passamaquoddy
sena”be, Penobscot sana”’ba, ‘man,’ vir
(in contradistinction to drénanbe, dlénanbe,
‘true man,’ homo). Thesuffix -a”be means
‘map,’ but the meaning of the prefix seen-,
sen-, is not known. W. R. G.)
San Pablo (Saint Paul). A former Yuma
rancheria on the Rio Colorado, 8 or 10 m.
below the present Yuma and about a
league s. of Pilot Knob, in California. It
was visited by Garcés, Anza, and Font in
1775, and was on or near the site of the
later mission of San Pedro y San Pablo
(q. v.). See Coues, Gareés Diary (1775-
76), 19, 163, 1900.
Laguna del Capitan Pablo.—Coues, op. cit., 163.
Laguna de San Pablo.—Ibid.
San Pablo. A former Yuma rancheria
on the s. bank of the Rio Gila, Ariz., 3
leagues above its mouth. It was visited
by Father Kino in 1699.
S. Pablo.—Kino, map (1701), in Bancroft, Ariz. and
N. Mex., 360, 1889. §. Paulus.—Kino, map (1702),
in Stocklein, Neue Welt-Bott, 74,1726. $tPablo.—
Venegas, Hist. Cal., I, map, 1759 (located where
San Pedro should be).
A small
San Pascual (Holy Easter).
band of Dieguefio Indians in San Diego
co., 8. Cal. ‘‘The maps show an Indian
reservation named San Pascual, but actu-
ally there is no such reservation. A
reservation was selected for these Indians
comprising certain descriptions of land in
township 12s., range 1 w., in San Diego
co. By some inexcusable error, the land
was actually reserved in township 11 s.,
range 1 w. None of the San Pascual
Indians ever lived on the land actually
reserved, as that was considered to be
Shoshonean territory, and the San Pas-
cual are Yuman. Both pieces of land are
barren and of little value. The Indians
actually occupied the land in township
12. In the years that have passed, all
the land intheintended reservation worth
filing on has been taken up by the whites
in the usual manner’’ (Kelsey, Rep. Cal.
Inds., 30, 1906). In 1909 the San Pas-
cual Indians numbered 71, under the
Mesa Grande school superintendent.
San Pascual.—Burton (1856) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76,
34th Cong., 3d sess., 114, 1857. San Pasqual.—Sleigh
in Ind. Aff. Rep, 1878, 32, 1874.
BULL. 30] SAN
San Pascual, A former pueblo of the
Piro on the g. bank of the Rio Grande,
opposite the present San Antonio village
(which occupies the site of Senect.),
Socorro co., N. Mex. Shea (Cath. Miss.,
82, 1855) states that a mission existed
there and that it was destroyed during
the rebellion of 1680. According to Ban-
delier, however, the village in all proba-
bility was abandoned about 1675, since
Senecti, on the opposite side of the river,
was destroyed early in that vear by the
Apache. Consult Bandelierin Arch. Inst.
Papers, Iv, 250, 1892. See also Piro.
San Pascual. A former Yuma ranch-
eria on Gila r., Ariz., 16 to 20 leagues
aboveits mouth, visited by Anza and Font
in 1775.—Bancroft, Ariz. and N. Mex.,
392, 1889.
San Pascual. A village of the Gidane-
muk, a branch of the Serranos of s. Cali-
fornia, visited and so named by Fray
Francisco Garcés in 1776.
San Pasqual.—Garcés, Diary, 273, 1900.
San Pedro (Saint Peter). A Yuma
rancheria on the Rio Gila in Arizona, 3
leagues above its junction with the Colo-
rado. It was visited by Father Eusebio
Kino in 1699.
§. Pedro.— Kino, map (1701), in Bancroft, Ariz. and
N. Mex., 360, 1889 (see p. 359). S. Petrus.—Kino,
map (1702), in Stocklein, Neue Welt-Bott, 74,
1726. St Peter.—Venegas, Hist. Cal., 1, map, 1759
(located where San Pablo should be).
San Pedro. A Mohave rancheria, visited
and so named by Fray Francisco Garcés
in 1776; situated on or near the w. bank
of the Rio Colorado, lat. 35° 01’, about 8
m. N. w. of Needles, s. &. Cal.—Garcés,
Diary (1776), 234, 416, 1900.
San Pedro de los Jamajabs.—Garcés, op. cit.
San Pedro. A Timucua mission on the
present Cumberland id., Fla., named in
1688 in an address from the chiefs of the
tribe to the King of Spain, a translation
of which appears in Proc. Am. Philos.
Soc., xv, 497, 1880.
San Pedro. A rancheria of the Tejas
(Hainai), on a stream of the same name,
at which the Franciscan mission of San
Francisco de los Tejas (q.v.) was founded
in 1690. It contained 80 men in 1782
(Bancroft, No. Mex. States, 1, 665, 1886).
See Nabedache.
San Pedro. One of the principal settle-
ments of the Mayo, situated in s. Sonora,
~: eaiaealima coe in Am. Anthr., v1, 59,
1904.
San Pedro Guazave. A former settle-
ment of the Guazave ( Vacoregue) on the
gk. bank of Rio Sinaloa, about lat. 25° 40’,
nN. w. Sinaloa, Mexico.
Guasave.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., map, 1864. San
Pedro Guasave.—Ibid., 332.
San Pedro Martire (Saint Peter the
Martyr). A Dominican mission, founded
May 28, 1794, by Father Pallas, about 40
m. E. of Santo Tomas mission, lat. 31° 50’,
Lower California.
San Pedro Martyr.—Taylor in Browne, Res. Pac.
Slope. app.. 50. 1869.
PASCUAL—SANPOIL
451
San Pedro y San Pablo (Saint Peter and
Saint Paul). A mission established by
Fray Francisco Garcés in 1780 among the
Yuma on the w. bank of Colorado r.,
near the site of modern Fort Defiance
(Pilot Knob), 8 or 10 m. below Yuma,
in extreme s. E. California. On July
17-19, 1781, the mission was sacked and
burned by the natives, about 50 Span-
iards, including Garcés, three other
friars, and Capt. Rivera y Moncada were
killed, and the women and children
made captives. See Concepcidn, Missions,
San Pablo.
Bicuner.—Coues, Garcés Diary, 21, 1900. San Pedro-
Pablo.—Taylor in Browne, Res. Pac. Slope, app.,
51,1869. San Pedro y San Pablo.—Arricivita, Cron.
Seraf., 504-511, 539, 1792; Bancroft, Ariz. and N.
Mex., 397, 1889; Coues, cited above. San Pedro y
acd Pablo de Bicuner.—Coues, Garcés Diary, 19,
1900.
San Pedro y San Pablo. A Cochimi set-
tlement and visita in 1745, situated 8
leagues E. of the parent mission of Nues-
tra Sefiora de Guadalupe, lat. 27°, Lower
California.
San Pedro and San Pablo.—Venegas, Hist. Cal., 11,
198, 1759.
Sanpet. A body of Ute formerly occu-
pying San Pete valley and Sevier r., cen-
tral Utah. Powell found 36 on the Uinta
res., Utah, in 1873, although they are said
to have numbered 500 in 1865. They are
now included under the collective name °
of Uinta Ute. (H. W. H.)
Land Pitches.—Farnham, Travels, 58, 1843. Sam-
peetches.—De Smet, Letters, 37,1843. Sampiches.—
Prichard, Phys. Hist. Man., v, 430, 1847. Sam-
pichya.—Burton, City of Saints, 578, 1861. Sam-
puches.—Collins in Ind. Aff. Rep., 125, 1861.
San-Petes.—Humphreys in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1859,
381, 1860. Sanpiche Utahs.—Wilson (1849) in Cal.
Mess. and Corresp., 185, 1850. San Pitch.—Correll
(1856) in H. R. Ex. Doe. 29, 37th Cong., 2d sess.,
37, 1862. San Pitches.—Cooley in Ind. Aff. Rep.,
18, 1865. Sanpits.—Gebow, Shoshonay Vocab., 5,
1868 (Shoshoni name). Sempiche Utahs.—Wilson
in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 67, 1850.
Sanpoil. A body of Salish on Sans Poil
r. and on the Columbia below Big bend,
Wash. Gibbs classed them as one of the
8 bands of Spokan and also as one of the
6 bands of Okinagan, they being claimed
by both tribes. In 1905 they were re-
ported to number 324, on the Colville
res., but in 1909 their population was
given as only 178, the disparity being at-
tributed to duplication in previous counts.
No treaty was ever made with these In-
dians for their lands, the Government
taking possession of their country except
such portions as have been set apart by
Executive order for their occupancy.
Cingpoils.—De Smet, Letters, 220, 1843. Hai-ai’-
nima.—Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 733, 1896
Yakima name). MHe-high-e-nim-mo.—Gibbs in
ac. R. R. Rep., I, 417, 1855. Hihighenimmo.—
Lewis and Clark Exped., I, 475, 1814. Hihighe-
nimo.—Kelley, Oregon, 68,1830. Ipoilq.—Mooney
in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 733, 1896 (Yakima name),
Linpoilish.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 111, 200, map:
1853. N’pochele.—Gibbs in ‘Pac. R. R. Rep., 1, 414,
1855. N’poch-le.—Stevensin Ind. Aff. Rep., 429, 1854.
N’pockle.—Gibbs, op. cit.,412. San Poels.—Shanks
in Sen. Misc. Doc. 32, 43d Cong., Ist sess., 3, 1874.
Sanpoil.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1901, 702, 1902. Sanpoils.—
452
Stevens, ibid., 22, 1870. Sanspoéle.—Wilson in
Trans. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., 292, 1866. Sans Puelles.—
Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., 1, 414, 1855. Sapwell.—
Parker, Jour., 293, 1840. Sempoils.—Lane in Sen.
Ex. Doc. 52, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 170, 1850. Sina-
poil.—Cox, Columbia R., 0, 38, 1831. Sinapoi-
luch.—Anderson quoted by Gibbs in Hist. Mag.,
VII, 77, 1863. Sinipouals.—Duflot de Mofras, Ore-
gon, II, 335, 1844. Sinpaivelish.M’ Vickar, Exped.
Lewis and Clark, I1, 386, 1842. Sinpauelish.—
Parker, Jour., 313, 1842. Sin-poh-ell-ech-ach.—
Ross, Adventures, 290, 1849. Sinpoil_—De Smet,
Letters, 169, 1843. Sin-poil-er-hu.—Suckley in Pac.
R. R. Rep., 1, 300, 1855. Sin-poil-schne.—Gibbs,
ibid., 414. Siur Poils—Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A.
E., 733, 1896 (variantform). Sklarkum.—Suckley,
op. cit.,300. Snpoilixiy.—Gatschet, MS., B. A. E.
(Okinaganform). Snpuélish.—Ibid. (Salish form).
San Rafael. The next to the last Fran-
ciscan mission established in California;
founded as an asistencia or branch of San
Francisco (Dolores). The mortality
among the Indians in San Francisco had
become so great that a panic was feared,
and atransfer of a portion of the survivors
to some situation on the wn. side of the bay
was proposed. At first they were sent
over without a priest, but after several
had died it was determined to found a
new establishment; this was done, Dec.
14, 1817, the new mission being dedicated
to San Rafael Arcdingel. The native
name of the place was Nanaguami.
About 230 neophytes were transferred
from San Francisco, most of whom, how-
ever, originally came from the N. side of
the bay. An adobe building, 87 by 42 ft,
divided into rooms for chapel, dwelling-
rooms, etc., was finished in 1818. Two
years later there were 590 neophytes, and
1,140, the highest number reached, in
1828. By 1823 the establishment was
recognized as a separate mission. Its
wealth was never very great, though it
was prosperous, having in 1830, 1,548 large
stock and 1,852 sheep, with an average
crop for the preceding decade of 2,454
bushels. In 1830 there were 970 neo-
phytes, the number decreasing about 50
percent in the next four years. At the
time of secularization considerable prop-
erty was distributed among the Indians;
but in 1837, under the plea that the na-
tives were not making good use of it, this
was again brought together, with a prom-
ise of redistribution under more favor-
able circumstances. In 1839 the Indians
were reported to be greatly dissatisfied,
and in 1840 a distribution of the livestock
was ordered. There were then 190 In-
dians near the mission, and probably 150
more scattered elsewhere. In 1846 Fré-
mont took possession of the mission.
After he left, it seems to have been unoc-
cupied, and it has now entirely disap-
peared. The neophytes probably be-
longed chiefly to the Olamentke division
of the Moquelumnan family. (A.B. L.)
San Rafael. Formerly arancheria of the
Papago ins. Arizona, near the headwaters
of the Rio Salado of Sonora, Mexico; vis-
ited in 1701 and 1702 by Father Kino and
SAN RAFAEL—SAN SABAS
[B. A. B.
sonamed by him. Possibly identical with
the modern Mesquite or Quijotoa (q. v.),
but not to be confounded with the mission
of Guevavi, which bore the same saint
name, nor with San Serafin (Actum).
San Rafael.—Kino (1700) in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th
8., I, 318, 1856. S. Rafael_—Kino, map (1701), in
Bancroft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 360, 1889; Venegas,
Hist. Cal., 1, map, 1759. S. Rafael Actun.— Ban-
croft, No. Mex. States, 1, 502, 1884. S. Raphaél.—
pine, map (1702), in Stécklein, Neue Welt-Bott,
San Rafael. A former rancheria in s.
Arizona, probably Maricopa, visited by
Kino and Mange in 1699 (Mange cited by
Bancroft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 358, 1889).
Not to be confounded with the San Rafael
in the Pima country.
San Rafael de los Gentiles. Mentioned
by Bancroft (Ariz. and N. Mex., 281, 1889)
as a pueblo settlement of New Mexico
with 15 inhabitants, about 1765. Local-
ity not known.
San Rudesindo. A rancheria of the
Quigyuma, visited and so named by
Father Kino in Mar. 1702. Doubtless
situated on the rE. bank of the Rio Colo-
rado, just above its mouth, in N. w.
Sonora, Mexico. See Venegas, Hist.
Cal., 1, 310, 1759; Bancroft, No. Mex.
States, 1, 500, 1884; Coues, Garcés Diary,
178, 1900.
San Sabé. A Franciscan mission estab-
lished on the Rio San Sabdé in Texas, in
Apr. 1757, among the Lipan Apache,
under the protection of the presidio of
San Luis de las Amarillas, 14 leagues dis-
tant, named in honor of the Viceroy of
Mexico. The Spaniards were induced
by the Lipan to found the mission in
order that they might gain the aid of the
former against their enemies the Coman-
che, but after its establishment the Lipan
refused under various pretexts to become
concentrated under mission influence. On
Mar. 2, 1758, the Comanche and their
allies (Wichita and others) raided the
Spanish horse herd and captured 62 head,
and on the 16th 2,000(?) mounted hostiles
gained entrance to the mission under
protestations of friendship, murdered
nearly all the occupants, and burned the
buildings. But few of the Lipan were
killed, most of them having fled to the
mountains on the approach of the Co-
manche. In the following year an expe-
dition against the raiders was made, and
in an attack on a rancheria 150 leagues
away, 55 of the foe were killed, but little
else was accomplished, the Spaniards
fleeing when a band of warriors, said to
number 6,000, of different tribes, at a
place called San Teodoro in the Wichita
(Taovayases) country, made a stand
against them. See Bancroft, No. Mex.
States, 1, 646, 1886; Garrison, Texas, 1904.
San Sabas. A visitation town in 1745,
situated 3 leagues from the parent mission
of San Ignacio de Kadakaman, about lat.
BULL. 30]
28° 40’, Lower California. Its inhabit-
ants spoke a Cochimi dialect. See Vene-
gas, Hist. Cal., 1m, 198, 1759.
San Salvador (Holy Savior). A former
rancheria, evidently of the Sobaipuri,
on San Pedro r., above Quiburi, s.
Ariz.—Kino, map (1701), in Bancroft,
Ariz. and N. Mex., 360, 1889.
Sans Arcs (French trans. of Itazipcho,
‘without bows,’ from itazipa, ‘bow,’ and
cho, abbrev. of chodan, ‘without’). A
band of the Teton Sioux. Hayden,
about 1860, says that they and the Hunk-
papa and Sihasapa ‘‘occupy nearly the
YELLOW HAWK, A SANS ARC
same district and are so often camped
near each other, and are otherwise so
connected in their operations as scarcely
to admit of being treated separately.”’
On the other hand, Warren (Dacota
Country ) indicates that their closest rela-
tions were with the Miniconjou.
Their divisions as given by Swift ina
letter to Dorsey (1884) are: 1 Itazipcho
(Without bows); 2 Shinalutaoin (Scarlet-
cloth earring); 3 Wolutayuta (Eat-dried-
venison-from-the-hind-quarter); 4 Maz-
pegnaka (Wear-metal-in-the-hair); 5
Tatankachesli (Dung-of-a-buffalo-bull) ;
SAN SALVADOR—SANTA AGUIDA
453
6 Shikshichela (Bad - ones - of-different-
kinds); 7 Tiyopaoshanunpa (Smokes-at-
the-entrance-to-the-lodge).
The Sans Arcs entered into a peace
treaty with the United States at Ft
Sully, 8. Dak., Oct. 20, 1865, and were a
party also to the treaty of Ft Laramie,
Wyo., Apr. 29, 1868.
Bowpith.—Warren, Dacota Country, 16, 1856.
Ee-ta-sip-shov.—Catlin, N. A. Inds., I, 223, 1841.
Itahzipchois.—Warren, Dacota Country, 16, 1856.
Itazipchos.—Ibid., index, vi. Itazip¢o.—Riggs, Da-
kota Gram, xvi, 1852 (trans. ‘bow pith,’ or ‘ with-
out bows’). Itazipcoes.—Keane in Stanford, Com-
pend., 516, 1878. Itazipko.—Burton, City of Saints,
119, 1861. Lack-Bows.—De Smet, Letters, 37, note,
1843. Ma/-i-sin-as.—Hayden, Ethnog. and Philol.
Mo. Val., 290, 1862 (Cheyenne name). Nobows.—
Hoffman (1854) in H. R. Doc. 36, 33d Cong., 2d sess.
3, 1855. Sans Arcs.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 111,
629, 1853. Sansarcs Dakotas.—Hayden, Ethnog.and
Philol. Mo. Val., map, 1862. Sarsares.—Cleveland
in Our Chureh Work, Dec. 4, 1875 (misprint).
Taze-char.—Corliss, Lacotah MS. vocab., B. A. E.,
106, 1874 (trans. ‘bows from the heart of a tree’).
Taze-par-war-nee-cha.—Corliss, ibid. |Without-
Bows.—Hayden, Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. Val.,
371, 1862.
San Sebastian. A Kawia rancheria in
the 18th century; situated in central
southern California, lat. 33° 08’, evi-
dently near Salton lake. Father Font re-
ferred to it as ‘‘a small rancheria of the
mountain Cajuenches, or more properly
of the Jecuiches.’? See Coues, Garcés
Diary (1775), 167, 1900.
San Sebastian.— Font (1775) cited by Coues, Garcés
Diary (1775), 167, 1900. San Sebastian Peregrino.—
Gareés (1774), ibid., 42. San Sevastian.—Garcés
(1775), ibid., 167.
San Sebastian. A puebloof the Huichol,
situated about 5 m. s. of Santa Catarina,
and 10 m. £. of Rio Chapalagana, in the
Sierra de los Huicholes, Jalisco, Mexico.—
Lumboltz, Unknown Mex., 1, 16, map,
257, 1902.
San Serafin (Holy Seraph; also St Fran-
cis of Assisi). A former Pima rancheria
n.W.of San Xavierdel Bac,s. Ariz.; visited
by Kino and Mange in 1699.
Guactum.—Mange (1701) quoted by Bancroft, Ariz.
and N. Mex., 359, 1889. San. Serafin.—Venegas,
Hist. Cal., 1, map, 1759. San Serafin de Actum.—
Mange (1700) in Doc, Hist. Mex., 4th s,, I, 318,
1856. Seraphim.—Kino, map (1702), in Stocklein,
Neue Welt-Bott, 74, 1726. §S. Serafin.—Kino, map
(1701), in Baneroft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 360, 1889.
S. Serafin Actum.—Bancroft, ibid., 358. §. Serafino
del Napeub.—Anza and Font (1780) quoted by
Bancroft, ibid., 392.
San Simon. A mission village, prob-
ably on St Simon id., Georgia coast, the
inhabitants of which were among those
revolting against the Spaniards of Florida
in 1687.—Barcia, Ensayo, 287, 1723.
San Simon y San Judas. A former Pa-
pago rancheria, visited and so named by
Father Kino in 1700; situated in Sonora,
Mexico, about lon. 111°, lat. 31°, between
Cocospera and Busanic.
San Simon y San Judas.—Mange cited by Ban-
croft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 359, 1889. S. Simon.—
Bancroft, No. Mex. States, I, 497, 1854.
Santa Aguida. A Cochimi rancheria
in 1706, probably in the vicinity of San
Ignacio Kadakaman mission, on the
454
shore of Amuna in Lower California.—
Venegas, Hist. Cal., 1, 421, 1759.
Santa Ana (Saint Ann). A Keresan
pueblo onthe n. bank of the Rio Jemez, a
w. affluent of the Rio Grande, in central
New Mexico. The original pueblo of
the tribe, according to Bandelier, stood
near the Mesa del Cangelon, w. of the
Rio Grande and Nn. of Bernalillo; but this
was abandoned prior to the Spanish ex-
plorations in the 16th century, and
another pueblo built on an elevation that
rises about midway between Santa Ana
and San Felipe, on the great Black mesa
of San Felipe. This was the village vis-
ited in 1598 by Ofiate, who referred to it
as Tamy and Tamaya—the latter being
the name applied by the inhabitants to
A NATIVE OF SANTA ANA
both this pueblo and its predecessor. It
was early the seat of a Spanish mission;
but at the outbreak of the Pueblo rebel-
lion in 1680 it had no priest, yet was not
without achurch and monastery. Inthat
revolt the Santa Ana people joined those
of San Felipe in the massacre of the mis-
sionaries at Santo Domingo and the colo-
nists in the Rio Grande valley. As the
pueblo was situated w. of the Rio Grande,
it was not molested by Goy. Otermin
during his attempt to reconquer New
Mexico in 1681, but in 1687 Pedro Rene-
ros de Posada, then governor at El Paso,
carried the pueblo by storm after a des-
perate resistance, and burned it, sev-
eral Indians perishing in the flames.
When Vargas made his appearance in
SANTA ANA—SANTA BARBARA
[B. A. B.
1692 the Santa Ana tribe occupied a mesa
known as Cerro Colorado, some 10 m. Nn.
and eastward from Jemez, but were
induced by Vargas to return to their
former locality, where they constructed
the pueblo occupied to-day. This, like
the two former villages, is also known to
the natives as Tamaya. In 1782 Santa
Ana was a visita of the mission of Sia.
Population 253 in 1890, 226 in 1905, and
211 in 1910. Theclans of Santa Ana are:
Tsinha (Turkey), Dyami (Eagle), Yak
(Corn), Hooka (Dove), Shutson (Coyote),
Showita (Parrot), Hakan (Fire).
Consult Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers,
111, 126, 1890; rv, 193 et seq., 1892; Ban-
croft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 200, 1889. See
also Keresan Family, Pueblos. (¥. w. 8.)
Hweréi.—Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Tigua
name). Ramaya.—Columbus Mem. Vol., 156,
1893 (misprint of Onate’s Tamaya). §, Anna,—
Blaeu, Atlas, XI, 62, 1667. Santa Ana.—Onate
(1598) in Doe. Inéd., xv1,114,1871. Santa Anna,—
Villa-Sefior, Theatro Am., 11, 415, 1748. Santana.—
Hezio (1797-98) in Meline, Two Thousand Miles,
269, 1867. Sta. Ana.—Alcedo, Dic. Geog., I, 85,
1786. St Ana.—D’Anvyille, Map Am. Sept., 1746.
St Ana.—Arrowsmith, Map N. A., 1795, ed. 1814,
Tamaiya,—Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895
(San Felipe and Cochiti form of name), Tam-
aya.—Ibid. (name of pueblo in Santa Ana and
Sia dialects). Tamaya.—Ofate (1598) in. Doe.
Inéd., xvi, 115, 1871. Ta-ma-yaé.—Bandelier in
Arch. Inst. Bull., 1,18, 1883. Tamy.—Ofate (1598),
op. cit., 102. Tamya.—Coronado [Onate] quoted
by Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Bull., I, 18, 1888.
Tan-a-ya.—Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, Iv,
194, 1892 (misprint). To-Mia.—Loew in Ann.
Rep. Wheeler Surv., app. LL, 178, 1875. Tom-
i-ya.—Simpson in Rep. Sec. War, 143, 1850. Tu’-
na-ji-i’,—Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Jemez
and Pecos name),
Santa Ana. A pueblo of the Opata in
1730, with 34 inhabitants (Rivera, 1730,
cited by Bancroft, No. Mex. Stateé, 1, 513,
1884); situated in one of the eastern
Sonora valleys, Mexico, but definite lo-
cality unknown. At the present time
there are five settlements called Santa
Ana in Sonora.
Santa Ana. A pueblo, inhabited by
both Tarahumare and Tepehuane, on
the headwaters of the Rio del Fuerte,
about lat. 26° 30’, s. w. Chihuahua, Mex-
ico.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., 322, 324,
map, 1864.
Santa Ana. A former pueblo of the Va-
rohio division of the Tarahumare, be-
tween Batopilas and Guachochic, s. w.
Chihuahua, Mexico.—Orozco y Berra,
Geog., 324, 1864; Lumholtz, Unknown
Mex., 1, 446, 1902.
Santa Barbara. The tenth Franciscan
mission founded in California. The pre-
sidio of Santa Barbara was established in
1782, soon after the founding of San
Buenaventura mission, and it was the in-
tention to found a mission at Santa Bar- .
bara also, but owing to lack of agreement
between the civil authorities and the
padres as to the method of organization
of the proposed seat, it was not founded
BULL. 30] SANTA BARBARA—SANTA CATALINA DE LOS YUMAS
till several years later. Finally, on Dec.
4, 1786, the cross was raised and blessed
by Fr. Lasuen ata place called Taynayan
by the natives, a mile or so from the pre-
sidio. Owing to it being the rainy season,
buildings were not begun until later. By
1790 there were 438 neophytes. A church
18 X 90 ft, and numerous other buildings,
all roofed with tiles, had been com pleted.
In the next 10 years the number of neo-
phytes increased to only 864, though 1,237
were baptized and only 624 had died.
Probably some of the others had been
allowed to live in their own villages away
from the mission. A new church was
finished in 1794, and by 1800 quite a
number of new buildings had _ been
erected. At that time there were 60 neo-
phytes engaged in making and weaving
cloth, w hile a carpenter ‘and a tanner
were regularly employed to teach the na-
tives those trades. Within the next few
years 234 adobe
houses were
erected for the
neophytes. In
1803 a mission
chapel was built
at San Miguel.
In 1801 an epi-
demic carried
off a great num-
ber of the na-
tives and caused
the neophytes,
through a pre-
tended revela-
tion of their
old deities, tem-
porarily to re-
nounce Chris-
tianity, though
the Fathers
knew nothing of this until later. The
greatest number of neophytes, 1,792,
was reached in 1803; in 1810 there
were 1,355. The crops were good, aver-
aging 6, 216 bushels for the preceding
decade; ‘the large stock numbered 5,670,
and small stock 8,190. During the fol-
lowing decade the crops increased some-
what, but the stock declined. The earth-
quake of 1812 injured rather seriously the
. church, and a new one, 40 165 ft, was
begun in 1815, and completed and dedi-
catedin 1820. Thisisstillstanding. The
walls are 6 ft thick, of irregular sandstone
blocks laid in cement, while the towers,
20 ft square, are, with the exception of a
narrow passageway in one of them, solid
masses of stone and cement to a height of
30 ft. In 1820 there were 1,132 neo-
phytes, in 1830 only 711. In 1824 there
was considerable trouble with the neo-
phytes; a revolt had arisen at Santa Inés,
and the Indians from Santa Barbara de-
manded that the soldiers at the mission
leave their arms and withdraw to the pre-
Petr
‘ia ict
MISSION OF SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA
455
sidio. This demand finally led to a con-
flict, and the natives fled to the hills and
later to San Joaquin valley. After the
revolt at Santa Inés and Purfsima had
been quelled, the Indians were finally in-
duced to return by the granting of a gen-
eral pardon. The padresand the church
property were at no time interfered with.
In 1834 there were 556 neophytes. The
total number of natives baptized up to
that time was 4,658, of whom 2,168 were
children. In 1840 there were still prob-
ably 250 ex-neophytes at the mission.
The mission continued prosperous even
after its secularization, and the buildings
were kept in better condition than at
other places. In 1843 it was returned to
the control of the padres, who, in 1844, re-
ported that they had the greatest difficulty
in supporting the 285 souls dependent
on them. In 1846 the mission was sold
for bea though the principal buildings,
ss as elsewhere,
remained in the
possession of
the Church, and
have been bet-
ter preserved
than at any
other California
mission. The
Indians con-
nected with
Santa Barbara
belonged chief-
ly to the Chu-
mashan (q. v.)
linguistic fam-
ily, though
Yokuts were
also probably
represented,
as many neo-
phytes are reported as coming from the
“‘Tulares.”’ (A. B. L. )
Santa Barbara. A former rancheria,
probably of the Papago, visited by Father
Kino in 1706; situated 4m. s. w. of Bu-
sanic, near the headwaters of the wn.
branch of Altar r., in Sonora, Mexico.—
Kino cited by Bancroft, No. Mex. States,
1, 501, 1884.
Santa Catalina (Saint Catherine). A
mission town, probably Yamasee, perhaps
on St Catherine id., Ga. Its inhabitants
revolted in 1687 against the Spaniards,
destroyed the mission, and fled to the
English in Carolina.
Ban Ga Catalina.—Barcia, Ensayo, 287, 1723. St.
Catherine’s.—Shea, Cath. Miss., 73, 1855.
Santa Catalina. A former Tepehuane
pueblo in lat 25° 10’, lon. 106°, nN. w.
Durango, Mexico, the seat of a Jesuit mis-
sion founded by Geronimo Ramirez in
1596, but abandoned in 1616.—Orozco y
Berra, Geog., 318, 1864.
Santa Catalina de los Yumas. A mission
founded by the Dominican Father Lori-
456
ent, May 18, 1797, in the n. part of Lower
California, 50 m. £. of Santo Tomés mis-
sion, about lat. 31° 20’. It was destroyed
by the Indians between 1827 and 1833.
This was the last mission established in
Lower California. According to Duflot
de Mofras (Voy., 1, 217, 228, 1844) the In-
dians living there were the Gueymura.
See also Taylor in Browne, Pac. Slope,
app., 51, 1869.
Santa Catarina. A settlement of the
Huichol, consisting of only 11 houses and
a temple, in the valley of the middle Rio
Chapalagana, aN. 5. tributary of the Rio
Grande de Santiago, in Jalisco, Mexico.—
Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., 1, 16, map,
147, 1902.
Toapuli.Lumholtz, ibid., 147 (‘where there is
amole : Huichol name).
Santa Clara. The eighth Franciscan
mission established in California. The
site first chosen was near Guadalupe r.,
not far from the head of San Francisco
bay, and about 3 m. from its present po-
sition. This site was called Thamien by
the natives. Here the mission was
founded, Jan. 12, 1777, and dedicated to’
Santa Clara de Asis. Cattle and supplies
arrived from Monterey and San Fran-
cisco, and work on the buildings was
immediately begun. The Indians were
at first friendly, but soon began to steal
cattle, and did not entirely desist even
after 3 were killed and several flogged.
By the end of the year there had been 67
baptisms, mostly children. In 1779 the
mission was twice flooded, and it was
decided to rebuild at another site on
higher ground. A new church was begun
in 1781 and finished in 1784, the finest
erected in California up to that time.
This church was considerably damaged
by earthquakes in 1812 and later, and a
new one was finally built on the present
site in 1825-26. Shortly after 1800 there
was considerable trouble with the natives.
Many of the neophytes seem to have run
away at different times, and the expedi-
tions sent out to bring them back were
attacked in a few cases. The wealth of
the mission increased rapidly. In 1790
the large stock numbered 2,817, small
stock 836; in 1800 there were about 5,000
each, while in 1810 the numbers were
8,353 and 10,027, respectively, with aver-
age crops for the two decades of 4,600
and 4,970 bushels. The converts also
increased rapidly, numbering 927 in 1790,
1,247 in 1800, 1,332 in 1810, and 1,357 in
1820. The highest figure, 1,464, was
reached in 1827, after which the decline
was very rapid. The stock and the
yearly crops of the mission had decreased
considerably before this time. The total
number of natives baptized up to 1834
was 7,711, of whom 38,177 were children.
The death-rate at the mission was very
high. In 1834 there were about 800
SANTA CATARINA—SANTA CLARA
{B. A. B.
neophytes, while in 1840 there were only
290, with possibly 150 more scattered in
the district. The mission was secular-
ized in 1837. By 1840 two-thirds of the
stock and apparently all of the available
property had disappeared. The mission
was returned to the control of the padres
in 1843, and two years later there were
about 150 ex-neophytes connected with
the mission. After this Santa Clara mis-
sion became a regular parish church, and
in 1851 Santa Clara College was estab-
lished in the old mission buildings. The
growth of the college necessitated the reno-
vation and enlargement of the buildings,
so that now there is little remaining of the
old adobe structures. The Indians in the
neighborhood of the mission belonged to
the Costanoan linguistic family, and these
doubtless furnished the majority of the
neophytes, yet itis probable thatthe Mari-
posan ( Yokuts) and Moquelumnan stocks
were also represented. (Ay B.ED
Santa Clara. A Tewa pueblo on thew.
bank of the Rio Grande, about 30 m.
above Santa Fé, in Rio Arriba co., N. Mex.
The native nameof the pueblo is K’ hapdo,
said to mean ‘‘where the roses (?) grow
near the water.’’ The nativesassert that
their ancestors dwelt in the clusters of
A NATIVE OF SANTA CLARA
artificial grottos excavated in cliffs of
pumice-stone (Puye and Shufinne) w. of
the Rio Grande, and this may be true
of both historic and prehistoric times; but
the Santa Clara people probably were
not the only Tewa occupants of these
cliff-lodges. Santa Clara was formerly
the seat of a Spanish mission, with a
BULL. 30]
church and monastery erected between
1622 and 1629, and was a visita of the
mission of San Ildefonso (q. v.) until
1782, when it was again made a mission
with San Ildefonso as its visita. Like
Sia and Nambe, this pueblo, according
to Bandelier, doubtless owed its decline
to the constant inter-killing going on for
supposed evil practices of witchcraft, or
to the ravages of disease, for in 1782 500
deaths occurred in this and San Juan
pueblos alone within two months (Ban-
delier in Arch. Inst. Papers, rv, 23, 1892).
Not to be confounded with the Tano
pueblo of Tuerto, whose aboriginal name
is the same as that of Santa Clara. The
Santa Claraclansare: Tang (Sun), Khung
(Corn), Tse (Eagle), Kea (Badger),
Pe (Tree or Firewood ), Te (Cottonwood),
Na (Earth), Po (Calabash), D’ye (Go-
pher), Kunya (Turquoise), Kupi (Coral),
Yan (Willow), and Pa (Deer). There
are also said to be an Oak and a Cloud
clan. Pop. 277 in 1910. (F. w. H.)
Ak’-e-ji.— Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Pecos
name). Ana Sishi.—Curtis, Am. Ind., 1, 138,
1907 (‘tribe like bears,’ so named from their
skunk-skin moccasins, at first thought to be of
bear-skin: Navaho name). Ca-po.—Bandelier in
Ritch, New Mexico, 201, 1885 (native name).
Capo.—Vetanecurt (1696), Cronica, 317, 1871.
Capoo.—Benavides, Memorial, 59, 1630. Caypa.—
Onate (1598) in Doc. Inéd., xvI, 256, 1871 (con-
founded with San Juan). Giowaka-a’.—Steven-
son, Pecos MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1887 (Pecos name
of the pueblo). Giowatsa-a’.—Ibid. Hai’bata,—
Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Taos name).
Haiba’yi.—Ibid., 1899 (another form of Taos
name). Haiphaha.—Ibid. (Picuris name).
Kah-po.—Jouvenceau in Cath. Pion., I, no. 9, 12,
1906. Kaiipa.—Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895
(Acomaname). Kai’p’a.—Ibid. (Cochitiname).
Kap-ho’.—Ibid. (San Juan and San Ildefonso
form). Ka-Po.—Bandelier (1888) in Proc. Cong.
Am., vil, 457, 1890. Ka-po,—Bandelier in Arch.
Inst. Papers, 111, 124, 260, 1890 (native name of
pueblo). Ka-Poo.—Bandelier, Gilded Man, 232,
1893. Ka-pou.—Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers,
Iv, 64,1892. Kapung.—Stephenin 8th Rep.B. A. E.,
37,1891 (Hano name). K’haibhai.—Hodge, field
notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Isleta name). K’ha-po’-o.—
Ibid. (own name). Santa Clara,—Ofiate (1598) in
Doe. Inéd., Xvi, 116, 1871. §S, Clara.—Crepy, Map
Ameér. Sept., 1783 (?). Shi-ap’-a-gi.—Hodge, field
notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Jemez name). St#Clara.—
D’Anville, Map Amér. Sept., 1746. St Clara.—De
l’'Isle, Carte Mex. et Flor., 1703.
Santa Clara. A collective term used to
designate the Indians formerly living
within the territory or under the influ-
ence of Santa Clara mission, Santa Clara
co.,Cal. They were Thamien, with their
divisions into Gergecensens and Socoisu-
kas (Taylorin Cal. Farmer, Novy. 23, 1860).
Santa Clara. A former village in Cali-
fornia, socalled by the padres of San Carlos
mission. Its people are said to have been
Esselen.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20,
1860.
Santa Coleta. A group of rancherias,
evidently of the Alchedoma, near the Rio
Colorado in w. Arizona, about 50 m. below
the mouth of Bill Williams fork. They
were visited and so named by Fray Fran-
cisco Garcés in 1776.
SANTA CLARA—SANTA CRUZ
457
Rancherias de Santa Coleta.—Garcés (1776), Diary,
424, 1900.
Santa Cruz (Holy Cross), The twelfth
Franciscan mission established in Califor-
nia. The proposed site was personally ex-
amined by Fr. Lasuen, who found the
natives friendly and ready to help. Sup-
plies and native assistants were sent from
the neighboring missions, especia!ly Santa
Clara, and the mission was formally
founded Sept. 25, 1791, at the place where
is now situated the town of Santa Cruz,
Santa Clara co. At the end of the year
there were 84 neophytes. In 1792 there
were 224, and the highest number, 523, was
reached in 1796. In 1800 there were 492.
At this time the mission had 2,354 head
of cattle and horses, and 2,083 of small
stock, while the crop forthe yearamounted
to 4,300 bushels. The church, 30 by 112
ft and 25 ft high, with stone front, was
completed and dedicated in 1794. In 1797
a number of colonists arrived from Mex-
ico and settled just across the river Lo-
renzo from the mission. This settlement
caused the missionaries much trouble,
and seems to have demoralized the In-
dians. In 1798 the padre in charge was
much discouraged with the outlook and
reported that 138 neophytes had deserted.
He protested against the settlement, but
withouteffect. 'Thenumberof neophytes
remained about the same for the next 20
years, being 507 in 1810, and 461 in 1820.
The livestock increased and the crops
continued good. In 1812 one of the fa-
thers was murdered by some of the neo-
phytes, who plead in defense that he was
excessively cruel, had flogged two of them
to death, and was inventing further instru-
ments of torture. In 1818 and 1819 there
was considerable friction between the
mission fathers and the authorities at
Brancifort, all but three of the neophytes
leaving the mission at one time for fear of
attack. After 1820 the mission continued
prosperous, but the population decreased,
there being 320 neophytes in 1830, and
about 250 in 1834. The total number of
natives baptized up to that time was
2,216, of whom 939 were children. With-
in 4 years after its secularization most of
the property had disappeared. In 1839
there were 70 Indians reported at the
mission, with perhaps as many more scat-
tered in the district. In 1840 a number of
buildings were destroyed and the church
was injured by an earthquake. After
1842 the mission was regarded as a part
of Brancifort; the buildings had then en-
tirely disappeared. The Indians in the
neighborhood of the mission belong to
the Costanoan linguistic family. The
mission had neophytes from the follow-
ing villages, all in the present county of
Santa Cruz (Taylor, Cal. Farmer, Apr. 5,
1860): Achilla, Aestaca, Agtism, Apil,
Aulintac, Chalumii, Chanech, Chicutae,
458
Choromi, Coot, Hauzaurni, Hottrochtac,
Huachi, Hualquilme, Huocom, Locobo,
Luchasmi, Mallin, Nohioalli, Ochoyos,
Onbi, Osacalis (Souquel), Payanmin,
Sachuen, Sagin, Shiuguermi, Shoremee,
Sio Cotchmin, Tejey, Tomoy, Turami,
Utalliam, Wallanmi, Yeunaba, Yeunata,
Yeunator. (A. B. L. )
Santa Cruz. A former Tewa pueblo, sit-
uated 5. of the Rio Grande, 30 m. Nn. w.
of Santa Fé, at the site of the present town
of the same name. It was abandoned
probably about the time of the Pueblo re-
volt of 1680-92, but was refounded with
29 families in 1706 and a mission estab-
lished. The place gradually became civil-
ized, and is now a ‘‘Mexican’”’ town.
La Canada.—Prince, Hist. N. Mex., 319, 1883 (or
Santa Cruz). Santa Cruz de la Cafiada,—Villa-
Senor, Theatro Am., pt 2, 413, 1748. Santa Maria
de Grado.—Cuervo (1706) quoted by Bancroft, Ariz.
and N. Mex., 228, 1889 (mission name from 1706);
Jefferys, Am. Atlas, map 5, 1776.
Santa Cruz. A settlement, chiefly of
Lipan, at which a Spanish mission was
established in 1762; situated in the valley
of San José, halfway between San Sabé
and the Rio Grande, in Texas.
San Lorenzo de la Santa Cruz.—Arricivita quoted
by Buschmann, Spiiren d. aztek. Spr., 307, 1859.
Santa Cruz. A former Opata pueblo of
Sonora, Mexico, the inhabitants of which
were called Contla (Orozco y Berra, Geog.,
344, 1864). Probably situated on the Rio
Sonora, about lat. 30°.
Santa Cruz. One of the Apalachee
towns of Florida, mentioned in the letter
of Apalachee chiefs to Charles II, King of
Spain, in 1688.—-Gatschet, Creek Migr.
Leg., 1, 76, 1884.
Santa Cruz de Mayo. A settlement of
the Mayo on the w. bank of Rio Mayo,
about 12 m. above its mouth, s. w. So-
nora, Mexico.
Santa Cruz de Mayo.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., 356,
1864. §. Crux.—Kino, map (1702), in Stécklein,
Neue Welt-Bott, 1726.
Santa Eulalia. A former rancheria,
probably of the Sobaipuri, visited by
Father Kino in 1700. Situated slightly
nN. w. Of Busanic, immediately s. of the
present Arizona-Sonora boundary.
Santa Tulalia.—Venegas, Hist. Cal., 1, 300, 1759
(misprint). Sta Eulalia.—Early writer quoted by
Bancroft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 359, 1889. St, Eula-
lia.—Kino, map (1701), in Bancroft, Ariz. and N.
Mex., 360, 1889.
Santa Fé (Holy Faith). A former Cora
pueblo and seat of a mission with San
Diego and San Juan Bautista as its visitas.
Situated near the n. bank of the Rio
Grande de Santiago, lon. 104° 40’, Jalisco,
Mexico.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., 280,
1864.
Santa Fé. A Seminole town on the zg.
fork of Suwannee r., Fla., in 1822.
Santa Fé.—Romans, Fla., 280, 1775. Santa-fee-
talofa.—Bell in Morse, Rep. to See. War, 306, 1822.
Santa Gertrudis (Saint Gertrude). A
mission founded in 1751 by Father Consag
on the E.side of Lower California, lat. 27°
SANTA ORUZ—SANTA INES
[B. A. B.
58’.. The Indians, who spoke a Cochimi
dialect, numbered about 1,000 in 1767.
(See Hervas, Saggio, 79-80, 1787; Taylor
in Browne, Res. Pac. Slope, app., 50,
1869. )
Santa Gertrudis. A small MHuichol
rancheria, with a temple, in Jalisco,
Mexico.
Santa Gertrudes.—Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., II,
16, map, 1902.
Santa Inés (Saint Agnes). The nine-
teenth Franciscan mission established in
California; founded Sept. 17, 1804, at a
place called by the natives Alajulapu,
about 25 m. from Santa Barbara, and
nearly as far from Purisima. A large
number of neophytes from Santa Barbara
and Purisima attended the opening cere-
mony, and many remained at the new
mission. On the same day 27 children
were baptized. By the end of the first
year there were 225 neophytes, in 1810
there were 628, while the highest number,
768, was reached in 1816. In material
things the mission prospered, having 7,720
head of large stock in 1820, 5,100 of small
stock, and an average annual crop for the
preceding decade of 4,340 bushels. The
stock increased and the crops continued
good for another decade, between 1822
and 1827 supplies to the value of $10,767
being furnished the presidio at Santa Bar-
bara. The first church was seriously in-
jured by an earthquake in 1812, and a
new one of adobe lined with brick, which
still stands, was completed in 1817. In
1824 there was a revolt of the neophytes
at Santa Inés, and a conflict between them
and the soldiers, a large part of the mis-
sion buildings being burned, and the hos-
tile Indians fleeing, apparently to Purf-
sima (q.v.). In 1830 there were 408 neo-
phytes, but the number decreased to 344
in 1834. Up to that time 1,323 natives
had been baptized, of whom 757 were
children. In 1840 there were still about
300 Indians in the neighborhood, and the
affairs of the mission were generally pros-
perous. In 1844 Santa Inés was reported
to have had 264 neophytes, with sufficient
resources for their support. After this
the property of the mission rapidly de-
clined, and in 1846 the land was sold for
$7,000, but the building and church prop-
erty remained in the charge of the padre.
In 1844 anecclesiastical college was opened
at Santa Inés, but it was abandoned 6
years later. The Indians in the neigh-
borhood of the mission belonged to the
Chumashan (q. v.) linguistic family, to
which most of its neophytes probably be-
longed. Many came from the Channel
islands, especially Santa Rosa. Some of
the neophytes were skilled workers in
silver and carved leather, and their work
and productions were and still are highly
prized for their excellence and artistic
merit. (A. B. L.)
BULL. 30]
Santa Inés. A reservation of unsur-
veyed, unpatented land, occupied by 52
Mission Indians in 1909; situated 240 m.
from Mission Tule River agency, in Santa
Barbara co., not far from the old Santa
Inés mission, s. Cal. These Indians were
located on lands belonging to the Cath-
olic Church and also what is known as the
college grants. Legal steps were taken
several years ago to obtain for the use of
these Indians the lands on which they
had resided, and which they had culti-
vated for many years, but the question
has not yet been determined.
Santa Ynez.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1902, 175, 1903.
SantaIsabel. A Dieguefio village about
50m. N. E. of San Diego, s. Cal. Pop. 125
in 1873. The name is now given to a
reservation of 29,845 acres of waterless,
mountainous stock land, with 284 inhab-
itants.
Santa Isabella.—Audubon (1849), Western Jour.,
169, 1906. Santa Ysabel.—Ames, Rep. Miss. Inds.,
5, 1873. St. Isabella.—Emory, Recon., 614, 1848.
Santa Isabel. A group of Mohave ran-
cherias, visited and so named by Fray
Francisco Garcés in 1776; situated at or in
the vicinity of the present Needles, s. E.
Cal.—Garcés, Diary (1776), 234, 1900.
Santa Isabel. Mentioned as the last
Yuma rancheria on the s. side of the Rio
Gila; visited by Father Kino in Nov.
1701.—Bancroft, No. Mex. States, 1, 497,
1884.
Santa Lucia. A former visitation town
of San Ignacio de Kadakaman mission,
situated 10 leagues distant from it, about
lat. 28°, Lower California. Its inhabit-
ants were Cochimi. See Venegas, Hist.
Cal., 1, 421; 1, 198, 1759.
Santa Lucia de Acuera. A Spanish mis-
sion of the 17th century, established at
the Timucuan town of Acuera, on the zB.
coast of Florida, s. of Cape Cafiaveral.
It was probably destroyed, with the other
Timucuan missions, in the invasion of the
hostile Creeks and Carolina troops about
1705. Distinct from Acquera. (.. M.)
Santa Margarita. A name applied by
Fray Francisco Garcés (Diary, 411, 1900)
in 1776 to a rancheria, probably of the
Walapai, near the Cerbat mts. of w.
Arizona.
Santa Margarita. Given by Bancroft
(Nat. Races, 1, 460, 1874) as a Luisefio
village of California, but it perhaps be-
longed to the Shoshonean Kawia.
Santa Maria (Saint Mary). A settle-
ment, probably of a people speaking a
Cochimi dialect, situated 5 leagues n. of
the mission of Nuestra Sefiora de Guad-
alupe, above lat. 27°, Lower California.
In 1745 it was a visita of the mission men-
poe See Venegas, Hist. Cal., 1, 198,
1759.
Santa Maria de los Dolores (Saint Mary
of the Sorrows). A former pueblo of the
Jova, with 180 inhabitants in 1730; situ-
ated in E. Sonora, Mexico, near Rio Viejo,
SANTA INES—SANTA OLALLA
459
a tributary of the Yaqui. It formed a
visita of the mission of Teopari prior to
the abandonment of that pueblo on ac-
count of Apache depredations in the latter
Sek of the 18th century.
olores.—Rivera (1730) quoted by Bancroft, No.
Mex. States, I, 514, 1884. Los Dolores.—Orozco y
Berra, Geog., 345, 1864. Santa Maria de los Do-
lores.—Rivera (1730) cited by Bandelierin Arch.
Inst. Papers, Iv, 510, 1892.
Santa Maria de Palaxy. A settlement
at the mouth of Yellow r., Santa Rosa
co., w. Fla., probably one of the villages
into which the remnant of the Apalachee
was gathered after 1718.
Santa Maria Magdalena. A mission
founded by Father Linck’s two associates,
Arnes and Diez, at Cabujakaamang, in
lat. 830° or 31°, Lower California. It was
the last Jesuit mission established in that
territory. For reference to its language,
see Buschmann, Spuren, 472, 1858, and
consult also Venegas, Hist. Cal., 11, 199,
1759.
Cabujacaamang.—Clavijero, Hist. Baja Cal., 108,
1852. Cabujakaamang.—Clavigero, Storia della
Cal., 11, 181, 1789. Cabujakamang.—Shea, Cath.
Miss., 90, 1855. Santa Maria.—Taylor quoted by
Browne, Res. Pac. Slope, app., 50, 1869. Santa
Maria de los Angeles de Kabu Juacama.—Taylor in
Cal. Farmer, Jan. 24, 1862. St. Mary’s.—Shea, op. cit.
Santa Maria Magdalena. A former Te-
moris pueblo in Chinipas valley, w. Chi-
huahua, Mexico; pop. 585 in 1678.—Oroz-
co y Berra, Geog., 324, 1864. .
Santa Marta (Saint Martha). A visita of
San Ignacio de Kadakaman mission and
situated 11 leagues from it, in lat. 28°,
Lower California, in 1745.
Santa Martha.—Venegas, Hist. Cal., 11, 198, 1759.
Santa Monica. A visita of San Ignacio
de Kadakaman mission, situated 7 leagues
from it, about lat. 28°, Lower California,
in 1745.—Venegas, Hist. Cal., 11., 198,
1759.
Santan (corruption of Span. Santa Ana).
A Pima settlement on the N. bank of Rio
Gila, opposite the Pima agency, s. Ariz.
A0’pohitim.—Russell in 26th Rep. B. A. E., 23, 1908
(native name, of unknown meaning).
Santa Nynfa. A visitaofSan Ignacio de
Kadakaman mission, situated 5 leagues
from it, about lat. 28°, Lower California,
in 1745.
Santa Nympha.—Venegas, Hist. Cal., I, 421, 1759.
Santa Nynfa.—lIbid., 1, 198, 1759.
Santa Olalla. A ‘‘laguna,’’ or perhaps
more strictly a flat subject to inundation,
which in the 18th century contained some
Yuma rancherias; situated in n. Lower
California, lat. 32° 33’, somewhat above
the entrance of New r. to the main flood-
plain of the Rio Colorado, 6 to 10 m. w.
of the latter and about 8 leagues w. s. w.
of the mouth of the Gila. It was notable,
at the time named, as the end of the
Yuma and the beginning of the Cajuen-
che settlements. The Comeya also de-
scended ‘‘to this land to eat calabashes
and other fruits of the river.’’? See Coues,
Garcés Diary (1775-6), 165 et seq., 1900.
460
Santa Eulalia.—Coues, op. cit., 165. Santa Olalla.—
Ibid. Santa Olaya.—Ibid., passim. St. Eulalie.—
Ibid.
Santa Rita (Holy Rite). The Spanish
name of what was probably an ancient
settlement of the Tepecano, or of a re-
lated tribe, but occupied since early in
the 18th century by Tlaxcaltec intro-
duced by the Spaniards for defense
againstthe ‘‘Chichimecs’’; situated about
15 m.s. EB. of Bolafios, in Jalisco, Mex-
ico.—Hrdli¢ka in Am. Anthr., v, 425,
1903.
Santa Rosa (Saint Rose). A Papago
village s. of the Rio Gila and w. of
Tucson, Ariz. It contained 120 inhabi-
tants in 1858, 160 families under Chief
Anastasio in 1865, and about 400 people
in 1869 (see Ind. Aff. Reps. for dates
given, also Taylor in Cal. Farmer, June
19, 1863; Browne, Apache Country, 291,
1869). The adjacent mountain of Santa
Rosa is a sacred place in Pima and Pa-
pago mythology.
Santa Rosa. A name applied by Fray
Francisco Garcés, in 1771, to a group of
Quigyuma (‘‘Jalliquamay’’) rancherias
on the r. side of the lower Rio Colorado,
about lat. 32° 18’, in n. w. Sonora, Mex-
ico. When he revisited the place in 1775
the settlements were abandoned, the
Quigyuma having moved to the w. side
of the river in Lower California.—Garcés,
Diary (1775), 182, 1900.
Santa Rosa. A former Cora pueblo and
a visita of the mission of Peyotan, near the
w. bank of the Rio San Pedro, lat. 22° 457,
Jalisco, Mexico (Orozco y Berra, Geog.,
280, 1864). The place now consists of a
few houses occupied by Mexicans.
Santa Rosa. A small Kawia settlement
on a reservation of unsurveyed, unpat-
ented land under the San Jacinto agency,
in Riverside co.,s. Cal. The reservation
contained 77 inhabitants in 1909.
Santa Rosa. A Cora settlement on the
upper waters of the Rio Jesus Maria, in
the n. part of the territory of Tepic, Mex-
ico.—Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., un, 16,
map, 1902.
Santa Rosalia Mulege. A former Indian
settlement and Spanish mission on the
E. shore of Lower California, half a
league from Mulege r., lat. 26°55’. The
mission was founded in 1705 by Padre
Juan M. Basualda, and in 1745, accord-
ing to Venegas (Hist. Cal., m, 197-198,
1759), had two visitas, Santisima Trini-
dad and San Marcos. The old settle-
ment was abandoned in 1815 by the few
remaining inhabitants on account of the
establishment there of a depot for exiles
from Sonora and Sinaloa. See Venegas,
Hist. Cal., 1, 381; 1, 197, 1759.
Carmaane Galexa.—Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th s., v, 186,
1857 (after early document). Molejé.—Duflot de
Mofras, Expl., 1,219, 228, 238,1844. Mulege.—Vene-
SANTA RITA—SANTEE
{B. A.B.
gas, Hist. Cal., 1, 335, 175$. Santa Rosalia de Mo-
leje-—Taylor in Browne, Res. Pac. Slope, app., 49,
1869. S. Rosalia di Mulegé.—Clavigero, Storia della
Cal., 11, 185, 1789.
Santa Teresa. The northernmost Cora
pueblo and formerly the seat of a mission;
situated in the Sierra de Nayarit, in the
Nn. part of the territory of Tepic, Mexico.
Quemalusi.—Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., 1, 489,
1902 (native name, after a mythical personage).
Santa Teresa.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., 280, 1864.
Santa Ynéz. See Santa Inés.
Santee (Jsaviyati, from isan ‘knife,’
contraction of isafta-mde ‘knife lake,’
Dakota name for Mille Lacs, and ati, ‘to
pitch tents at’). An eastern division of
the Dakota, comprising the Mdewakanton
and Wahpekute, sometimes also the Sis-
seton and Wahpeton. Hennepin (1680),
who probably included only the Mde-
wakanton, says (Descr. La., Shea’s trans.,
203, 1880): ‘‘ In the neighborhood of L.
Buade are many other lakes, whence
issue several rivers, on the banks of which
live the Issati, Nadouessans, Tinthonha
(which means prairie-men), Ouadeba-
thon River People, Chongaskethon Dog,
or Wolf tribe (for chonga among these
nations means dog or wolf), and other
tribes, all which we comprise under the
name Nadouessiou [Sioux].’”’ In Le
Sueur’s list (1700) the Issati are omitted
and the Mdewakanton ( written Mendeou-
cantons) inserted, for the first time. The
name Santee was applied by the Mis-
sourl River Dakota to all those of the
group living on Mississippi and lower
Minnesota rs., the Mdewakanton, Wah-
pekute, Wahpeton, and Sisseton. Ram-
sey (Rep. Ind. Aff. for 1849, 74, 1850) and
Riggs limit the use of the term to desig-
nate the Mdewakanton. McGee (15th
Rep. B. A. E., 160, 1897) includes only
the Wahpekute, which has been the usual
application of the term since 1862, when
the two tribes were gathered on the
Santee res. in Knox co., Neb. Reyata
is mentioned asa band and Ptansinta as
a village of the Santee.
The tribes forming this group joined
under the collective name in the follow-
ing treaties with the United States:
Prairie du Chien, Wis., July 15, 1830;
St Louis, Mo., Oct. 13, 1830; Bellevue,
Neb., Oct. 15, 1836; Washington, D. C.,
Feb. 19, 1867; Fort Laramie, Wyo., Apr.
29, 1868. See Dakota, and the Santee
divisions above given.
Dacotas of the St, Peter’s.—Warren, Dacota Coun-
try, 17, 1856. Eastern Sioux.—Jefferys, French
Dom. Amer., pt. 1, 45, 1761. Esanties.—Riggs,
Dakota Gram. and Dict., 92, 1852. E, Scihous,—
Coxe, Carolana, map, 1741. Es-sah’-ah-ter.—Ram-
sey in Ind. Aff. Rep. for 1849, 78, 1850 (pronun-
ciation). Esson,—Ibid. MHizantinton.—Jefferys
(1763), Am. Atlas, map 5,1776. IsanatiimRamsey,
loc. cit. (trans. ‘people of the knife’). Isanti.—
Neill, Hist. Minn., 51, 1858. Isantie Dakotas,—
Hayden, Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. Val., map, 1862.
Isanties.—Riggs, Dakota Gram. and Dict., 92,
1852. I-san’-tis,—Hayden, op. cit., 371. Isanti-
ton.—De I’Isle (1700), map of La., in Neill, Hist.
BULL. 30]
a
Minn., 164, 1858. Isanyate.—Seymour, Sketches
Minn., 17,1850, Isanyati.—Williamson in School-
craft, Ind. Tribes, I, 248, 1851. Isatis.—Barcia,
Ensayo, 238, 1723. Isaunties.—Morgan in N. Am.
Rey., 44, Jan. 1870. Issantii—Seymour, op. cit.,
152. Issaquii—La Chesnaye (1697) in Margry,
Déc., VI, 6, 1886. Issaquy.—Ibid. Issati.—Hen-
nepin, New Discov., 174, 1698. Issatie.—Bowles,
Map Am., 1784. Issatrians.—Hennepin, op. cit.,
99. I-tsa’-ti.—Matthews, Ethnog. Hidatsa, 161,
1877 (Hidatsa name). Izatys.—Du Lhut (1678) in
Margry, Déc., v1, 22, 1886. Lower Sioux.—Ind.
Aff. Rep., 52, 1858. Nad8esseronons sédentaires,—
Tailhan in Perrot, Mém., 340, note, 1864. Nation
du boeuf.—Minn. Hist. Soe. Coll., 11, pt. 2, 31, note,
1864. Santas.—Parker, Jour., 45,1842. Santees,—
Ind. Aff. Rep., 554, 1837. Santee Sioux.—Poole,
Among Sioux, 31, 1881. Santie.—Ramsey in
Ind. Aff. Rep. for 1849, 86, 1850. Santie bands,—
U. S. Stat. at Large, Iv, 464, 1860. Santie
Sioux.—H. R. Doc. 57, 25th Cong., 2d sess., 2, 1837.
Saux of the Wood.—Trumbull, Ind. Wars, 185, 1851.
Scioux of the East.—Le Sueur (1700) quoted by
Neill, Hist. Minn.,170,1858. Sciouxof the Woods, —
Chauvignerie (1736) quoted by Schoolcraft, Ind.
Tribes, 111, 557, 1853. Sedentary Nadouesserons.—
Minn. Hist. Soe. Coll., 0, pt. 2, 31, note, 1864.
Sioux de L’Est,—Le Sueur (1700) in Margry, Déc.,
VI, 78, 1886. Sioux of the River.—Seymour, Sketches
Minn., 135, 1850. Sioux of the Woods.—Smith,
Bouquet Exped., 70, 1766. Sioux orientaux.—Per-
rot, Mémoire, 232, notes, 1864. Sioux sédentaires,—
Ibid. Siouxs of the River St. Peter’s.—Treaty of
1815 in U. S. Ind. Treat., 869, 1873. Upper Da-
kotas.—Ramsey in Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1, 49,
1872.
_ Santee. A tribe, probably Siouan, for-
merly residing on middle Santeer., 8. C.,
where Lawson in 1700 found their plan-
tations extending for many miles. One
of their villages was called Hickerau.
While friendly to the white people, they
were at war with the coast tribes. Ac-
cording to Rivers (Hist. 8. C., 94, 1874),
they had two villages with 43 warriors in
1715, and were then settled 70 m. Nn. of
Charleston. Bartram (Tray., 54, 1791)
tells us that in 1715 they sided with the
Yamasee against the British, and that they
were attacked and reduced by the Creeks,
who were allies of the British. It appears
from South Carolina colonial documents
that the Santee and Congeree were cut
off by the ‘“‘Itwans and Cossaboys,’’ coast
tribes in the English interest, and the
prisoners sold as slaves in the West
Indies in 1716. Those that escaped
were probably incorporated with the
Catawba. Lawson states that their
chief was an absolute ruler with power
of life and death over his tribe, an in-
stance of despotism very rare among
Indians. Their distinguished dead were
buried on the tops of mounds, built low
or high according to the rank of the
deceased, with ridge roofs supported by
poles over the graves to shelter them from
the weather. On these poles were hung
rattles, feathers, and other offerings from
the relatives of the deceased. The
corpse of an ordinary person was care-
fully dressed, wrapped in bark, and ex-
posed on a platform for several days, dur-
ing which time one of hisnearest kinsmen,
with face blackened in token of grief,
stood guard near the spot and chanted a
SANTEE—SANTISIMO
NOMBRE DE MARTA 461
mournfuleulogy ofthedead. Theground
around the platform was kept carefully
swept, andall the dead man’s belongings—
gun, bow, and feather robes—were placed
near by. As soon as the flesh had soft-
ened it was stripped from the bones and
burned, and the bones themselves were
cleaned, the skull being wrapped sepa-
rately in a cloth woven of opossum hair.
The bones were then put into a box, from
which they were taken out annually to
be again cleaned and oiled. In this way
some families had in their possession the
bones of their ancestors for several gen-
erations. Places where warriors had been
killed were sometimes distinguished by
piles of stones or sticks, to which every
passing Indian added another. After
the manner of the Cherokee and other
Southern tribes the Santee kept corn in
storehouses raised on posts and plastered
with clay. They made beautiful feather
robes and wove cloth and sashes of hair.
Consult Lawson, Hist. Carolina, repr.
1860; Mooney, Siouan Tribes of the East,
80, 1894. (gs. M. )
Santee.—Lawson (1700), Hist. Carolina, 34, 1860.
Seratees,—Mills, Stat. S. C., 735, 1826. Seretee,—
Lawson (1700), op. cit., 45. Zantees.—Howe in
Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, Iv, 155, 1854.
San Teodoro (SaintTheodore). A name
applied by Méziéres, in 1778, to one of two
Tawehash villages visited by him on
upper Red r., Texas.—Bancroft, No. Mex.
States, 1, 649, 663, 1886.
Santiago (SaintJames). ATiguapueblo
in New Mexico in 1626 (Zdrate-Salmerén,
ca. 1629, cited by Bancroft, Nat. Races, 1,
600, 1882). According to Bandelier (Arch.
Inst. Papers, 1v, 227, 1892) it was situated
about 53 m. above Bernalillo, on the Mesa
del Cangelon.
Santiam. A Kalapooian tribe formerly
residing on the river of the same name,
an §. tributary of the Willamette, in
Oregon. They arenowon Grande Ronde
res., where they numbered 23 in 1906.
In 1909 the number officially reported wa
only 5, the remainder evidently having
received patents for their lands and
become citizens. In 1877 Gatschet was
able to learn of 4 bands, Chamifu, Chan-
champenau, Chanchantu, and Chantkaip,
which had formerly existed in the tribe.
Ahdlpam.—Gatschet, Atfalati MS., B. A. E., 1877
(Atfalati name). Santaims.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 469,
1865. Santainas.—Taylorin Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 40th
Cong., spec. sess., 27, 1867. Santiam.—Dayton
treaty, 1855, in U.S.Ind. Treat.,18,1873. Santian.—
Ind. Aff. Rep., 205, 1851. Sautains.—Ind, Aff.,
Rep. 1864, 503, 1865. Tsan halpam amim,—Gatschet
Lakmiut MS., B. A. E., 1877 (Lakmiut name).
Santisima Trinidad (Most Holy Trinity).
A Cochimi village and visita of Santa Ro-
salia Mulege mission in 1745, situated 6
leagues s. sE. therefrom, lat. 26° 55/,
Lower California.—Venegas, Hist. Cal.,
11, 198, 1759.
Santisimo Nombre de Maria (Most Holy
Name of Mary). A Franciscan mission
462
founded among the Caddo by Padre Fran-
cisco de Jesus Maria in 1690, on Arcangel
San Miguel r. (the Rio Neches), afew miles
N.E. of the mission of San Francisco de
los Tejas, in the present Texas. After
San Francisco had been abandoned this
mission was not heard of again.—Austin
in Tex. Hist. Asso. Quar., vit, 281, 1905.
Santo Domingo (Saint Dominic, also Holy
Sabbath). A Keresan pueblo on the &.
bank of the Rio Grande, about 18 m.
above Bernalillo, N. central N. Mex. The
earliest traditions of the pueblo locate it
at the Potrero de la Cafiada Quemada,
whence the inhabitants in prehistoric
times removed successively to two vil-
lages, each named Gipuy (q. v.), the later
one of which they occupied when visited
by Ofiate in 1598. The earlier Gipuy
stood on the banks of the Arroyo de
Galisteo, more than a mile k. of the pres-
ent station of Thornton, but was partially
destroyed by a rise of that dangerous
torrent in one night, the inhabitants be-
ing compelled to move farther westward,
where the second Gipuy was built. This
pueblo, also destroyed by a flood, was
succeeded by Huashpatzena, on the Rio
Grande, which suffered the fate of its pre-
decessors. The present Santo Domingo,
the aboriginal name of which is Kiua, has
had three disasters from flood since its
establishment 200 years ago, the latest
occurring in 1886 when both churches
were destroyed. The first Gipuy is the
only pueblo of the Santo Domingo Indians
E. of the Rio Grande of which any trace
remains. At the time of Ofiate’s visit in
1598 Santo Domingo was chosen as the
‘‘monastery of the advocation of Nuestra
Sefiora de la Asuncién”’ (Doe. Inéd, xv1,
254, 1871). It also became the seat of a
mission early in the 17th century, and
after 1782 had San Felipe and Cochiti as
its visitas. According to Bandelier 18
clans are represented in this pueblo,
Pop. 819 in 1910. Consult Bandelier in
Arch. Inst. Papers, 111, 260, 1890; Iv, 184
et seq., 1892. See also Keresan Family,
Pueblos. (F. W. H.)
Dji’/wi.—Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Laguna
name). Domingo.—Vaugondy, Map Amérique,
1778. Dyi/-wa.—Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895
(Cochiti name). Ge-e-way.—Simpson in Rep.
Sec. War, 148, 1850. Ge-e-wé.—Simpson (1850)
quoted in Wheeler Sury. Rep., vil, 418, 1879 (old
name). Ki-hua.—Jouvenceau in Cath. Pion., I,
no. 9, 12, 1906. Kin Klékaéi Ni.—Curtis, Am. Ind.,
I, 188, 1907 (‘ white houses’: Navahoname). Ki’-o-
a-me.—Whipple, Pac. R. R. Rep., II, pt. 3, 90, 1856
(or Ki’-wo-mi; name by which they call them-
selves). Ki’-o-wummi.—Ibid., 9 (given as tribal
name; incorrectly identified with Tiguex). Ki-
ua.—Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, 111, 260,
1890 (aboriginal name of pueblo). Kivome.—Pi-
mentel cited by Cubas, Repub. Mexico, 65, 1876
(Kiwomior). Ki/-wa.—Hodge, field notes, B. A. E.,
1895 (San Felipe form). Ki’-wo-mi.—Whipple,
Pac. R. R. Rep., 11, pt. 8, 90, 1856 (or Ki’/-o-a-me;
ownname). Saint Domingo.—M6llhausen, Pacific,
I, 331, 1858. San Domingan.—Wallace, Land of the
Pueblos, 55, 1888 (applied to the language). San
Domingo.—Miihlenpfordt, Mejico, 11, 533, 1844.
SANTO DOMINGO—SANTSUKHDHIN
[B. A. BL
Santa Dominga.—Calhoun in Schoolcraft, Ind.
Tribes, 11, 633, 1858. Santa Domingo.—Abert in
Emory, Recon., 484, 1848 (misprint). Santo De-
mingo.—Vetancurt (1696) cited by Bandelier in
Arch. Inst. Papers, Iv, 168, 1892 (misprint). Santo
Domingo.—Sosa (1590) in Doe. Inéd., xv, 253, 1871;
Ofiate (1598), ibid., Xv1, 102 et seq., 1871 (“just
as likely to have been the former pueblo of San
Felipe as Guipuy or old Santo Domingo.’”’—Ban-
delier in Arch. Inst. Papers, Iv, 123, 1892). St Do-
mingo.—Kitchin, Map N. A., 1787. Sto Dom. de
Cochiti—Bancroft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 281, 1889
(said to be so called after 1782; distinet from Co-
chiti, however). Sto. Domingo.—Rivera, Diario,
leg. 784, 1736. Sto. Domingo de Cuevas.—Escudero,
Not. Estad. de Chihuahua, 180, 1834. Ta/-wi-gi,—
Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Jemez name;
Pecos form Ta-wi’-gi). Te’-wi-gi.—Ibid. (Tewa
name, said tomean ‘puebloplace’). Tihua.—Ban-
delier, Gilded Man, 216, 1893 (misprint 7 for K).
Ti’wi.—Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Acoma
name). Tu-a-wi-hol.—Gibbs, MS. vocab., B. A. E.,
1868 (Isleta name for pueblo). Tu/-iai.—Gatschet
Isleta MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1885 (Isleta name of
pueblo). Tuwi/-ai.—Ibid. (Isleta name of pue-
blo). Tuwii—Stephen in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 30,
1891 (Hopi name of pueblo). Tuwita.—Hodge,
field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (‘haliotis place’: Taos
name). Tu-witsha’.—Ibid. (Picuris name). Ti-
wixuide,—Gatschet, Isleta MS. vocab., B. A. E.,
1885 (pl. Tiitwiyxun: Isleta name for the people).
T’ wi/wi.—Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Santa
Ananame). You-pel-lay.—Wallace, Land of the
Pueblos, 56, 1888 (erroneously so called from one
of their dances).
Santos Angeles (Holy Angels). Men-
tioned as a Pima pueblo of Sonora, Mex-
ico, by Orozco y Berra (Geog., 347, 1864).
Definite locality unknown.
Santotin. A division of the Tenan-
kutchin, occupying the territory about a
lake on White r., Alaska, and westward,
extending down Tanana r. to a point
nearly opposite the head of Forty Mile er.
Mantotin.—Allen, Rep. on Alaska, 137, 1887. San-
to-tin.—Dawson in Rep. Geol. Sury. Can., n.8., III,
2038, 1889. ;
Santo Tomds (Saint Thomas). A Do-
minican mission established in 1790 in
the n. part of Lower California, lat. 31°
40’, near Todos Santos bay. Its inhabit-
ants, sometimes called San Tomasefios,
were visited in Apr. 1867 by Dr Wm. M.
Gabb, who found their language to be a
dialect of Diegueflo or Comeya, closely
related to Htaam and Kiliwi.
Santo Tomas,—Taylor in Browne, Res, Pac. Slope,
app., 51, 1869.
Santo Tomas. A settlement of the Jova
on the upper waters of Papigochic r., 4
m.s. of Metachic, in w. Chihuahua, Mex-
ico.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., 345, 1864.
Santsukhdhin (‘campers in the highland
grove’). Oneofthe three larger divisions
of the Osage, commonly known as the
Arkansas band. Originally a part of the
Grand Osage, or Pahatsi, living succes-
sively on Sac r., and on Little Osage r.
in Vernon co., Mo., they were induced
by the trader Choteau, about 1802, to se-
cede from the main body under White
Hair and remove to the Arkansas r.,
Manuel Lisa, another trader, having ob-
tained a monopoly of the Missouri traffic
from the Spanish authorities. At the
time named Clermont and Casesagra were
their principal men. In 1810 their vil-
BULL. 30]
lage was on the Verdigris branch of the
Arkansas, 60 m. above its mouth, in the
present Oklahoma; in 1820 they were at
the mouth of the river, then numbering
600. When met by De Smet in 1850
their number was reported at 700.
Arkansa band.—McGee in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 162,
1897. Arkansaw band,—Lewis and Clark Exped.,
I,8,1814. Arkansaw Osages.—Pike, Trav., 430, 1811.
Big Track.—Schermerhorn (1812) in Mass. Hist.
Soe. Coll., 2d s., 11, 31, 1814 (name of a chief).
Chamers.—Balbi, Atlas Ethnog., 56, 1826. Chan-
cers.—Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., 111, 274, repr.
1905 (misprint). Chaneers.—Long, Exped. Rocky
Mts., 11, 244, 1823. Chaniers band.—Brackenridge,
Views La., 293,1815. Chéniers.—De Smet, W. Miss.,
55,1856. Clamore.—Keane inStanford, Compend.,
470, 1878 (name of chief). Clermont’s band.—
Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., Thwaite’s ed., XVI,
280, 1905. Clermo’s band.—Long, Exped. Rocky
Mts., 11, 244, 1823. Osage des Chenes.—Long, ibid.,
237. Osages of the Oaks.—Ibid. Santsé’pasw’.—
Dorsey, Osage MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1883 (their
ancient village: ‘ point of a timbered highland’).
Ret io ae after Dorsey, in 15th Rep.
i . A. E., 162, 1897. Sanze-Ougrin—De Smet,
oc. cit,
Sanukh (Sinux). A former Tonkawa
clan or band (Gatschet, Tonkawe MS.
vocab., B. A. E., 1884). Possibly the
Sana or Zana of mission archives.
Sanup. See Sannup.
San Xavier del Bac (the Jesuit mission
name, combined with the Piman bak, vak,
vdaki, its native designation, signifying
‘house,’ ‘adobe house,’ also ‘ruined
house,’ ‘ruin’: probably given because of
the remains of ancient adobe structures in
thevicinity). A formerimportant Sobai-
puri rancheria on Rio SantaCruz, 9m. s. of
Tucson, Ariz., in the N. E. corner of what
is now the Papago res. It was first vis-
ited and the Saint name applied in 1692
by Father Kino, a celebrated Jesuit, who
next visited it perhaps in 1694, again in
1697 (at which date it numbered 830 per-
sons in 176 houses), and many times there-
after. In1700 he founded achurch, built
of light porous stone, the construction of
which was possibly begun in the previous
year. In its earlier years the mission
flourished under the Jesuits, of whom 22
served San Xavier until 1767, when they
were succeeded by Franciscans. In 1751-
53, during a revolt of the Pima, the mis-
sion was plundered and abandoned, but
was reoccupied two years later under the
protection of the presidio of Tubac.
tween 1760 and 1764 it contained 400 in-
habitants—less than half its population
60 years before—and these had dwindled
to 270 by 1772. When Fray Francisco
Garcés, its first Franciscan missionary,
took charge in 1768 he found the mission
in a neglected state, but it again began to
flourish on the establishment of the pre-
sidio of Tucson in 1776. In1783 the erec-
tion of a new church of plastered brick,
commodious and of architectural merit,
was begun by Padre Baltasar Cavillo near
the site of that built by Kino, and was
brought to its present state of complete-
ness by Padre Narciso Gutierres in 1797—
SANUKH—SANYAKOAN
Be-,
463
a date still legible over the portal. The
remains of these priests are buried in
the church. In 1810 San Xavier again
began to decline, and came to an end
as an independent mission with the ex-
pulsion of the Franciscans on the fall of
the Colonial government, Dec. 2, 1827,
from which time it struggled along as a
visita of Magdalena, Sonora, until 1859,
when Arizona was segregated ecclesi-
astically from the diocese of Santa Fé,
N. Mex. In 1852 Bartlett described it as
‘‘truly a miserable place, consisting of
from 80 to 100 huts, or wigwams, made of
mud or straw,”’ but ‘‘in the midst of these
hovels stands the most beautiful church
in the State of Sonora.’’ In 1865 the pop-
ulation was 80 Papago families. In the
preceding year a school was established
at San Xavier by the Catholic Church;
this contained 125 day pupilsin 1908. In
1873 a Government school was begun, but
was closed in 1876 when the Papago were
consolidated under the Pima agency. It
is now a scattered but large and flourish-
ing Papagosettlement. There arenumer-
ous adobe houses, and the Indians are
advancing toward civilization. The peo-
ple are under the supervision of a white
farmer, who acts as subagent. A num-
ber of the San Xavier Papago within re-
cent years have settled in the outskirts
of Tucson. Consult Bartlett, Pers. Narr.,
11, 185, 1854; Rudo Ensayo (ca. 1763),
1863; Salpointe, Brief Sketch, 1880; Ban-
croft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 1889; Coues,
Garcés Diary, 1900; Curtis, N. Am. Ind.,
11, 1908. (F. W. H.)
Bac.—Bernal (1697) quoted by Bancroft, Ariz. and
N. Mex., 356, 1889. Batosda.—Ibid. (or S. Javier).
San Javier del Bac.—Bancroft, ibid., 362. San
Xabier del Bac.—Rudo Ensayo (ca. 1763), 106, 1863.
San Xavier de Baca.—Hardy, Travels, 421, 1829.
San Xavier del Bac.—Garcés (1775), Diary, 64, 1900.
San Xavier de Zac.—Poston in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1864,
154, 1865. San Zavier de Bac.—Donaldson, Moqui
Pueblo Inds., 3, 1898. §S. Cayetano de Bac.—
Writer of 1754 quoted by Bancroft, No. Mex.
States, I, 270, 1884 (confused with Tumacacori).
S. Francisco Xavier de Bac.—Venegas, Hist. Cal.,
I, map, 1759. §. Javier.—Bernal (1697), op. cit.
8. JavierBac.—Kino, map (1701),in Bancroft, Ariz.
and N. Mex., 360, 1889. 8, Javier del Bacel.—
Escudero, Not. Chihuahua, 228, 1834. §, Xaver
du Bac.—Kino, map (1702), in Stécklein, Neue
Welt-Bott, 74, 1726. &. Xavier.—Font, map (1777),
in Bancroft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 393, 1889. S.
Xavier del Bac.—Villa-Sefior, Theatro Am., 11, 403,
1748.
Sanyakoan. A Tlingit tribe formerly in-
habiting a town named Gash, at C. Fox,
Alaska, and often confused with the neigh-
boring Tongas. Pop. 177 in 1839. In the
census of 1880 they are erroneously placed
on Prince of Wales id., and are given a
population of 100. Their social divisions
are Nehadi and Tekoedi. (322Ri5;)
Cape Fox Indians.—Kane, Wand. in N. A., app.,
1859. Lugh-se-le.—Ibid. Lukhselee.—Petroff in
Tenth Census, Alaska, 37, 1884 (after a Hudson’s
Bay Co. census of 1889). Sanakhanskoe.—Venia-
minoff, Zapiski, 11, pt. 111, 30,1840. Sa/nak-oan.—
Boas, 10th Rep. on N. W. Tribes of Can., 34, 1895.
S'a/nya koan.—Swanton, field notes, B. A. E., 1904.
Ssangha-kon,—Krause, Tlinkit Ind., 120, 1885.
464
Saoue (probably the same as Sanona).
A division of the Teton Sioux, comprising
the Sans Arcs, Sihasapa, Oohenonpa, and
sometimes the Hunkpapa, first mentioned
by Lewis and Clark, and under the form
Souon-Teton in Clark’s MS., where they
are called ‘‘people of the prairie’’ and
made one of the 12 tribes of the Dakota,
while the Souon are another. Riggs in-
formed Dorsey that the name ‘‘Sanoni-
wicasa’’ was used as a nickname, and
wrote (Word Carrier, 14, June-July, 1889)
that the Brulés and Oglala formerly ap-
plied it to the Sans Arcs, Miniconjou, and
Hunkpapa. Lewis and Clark did not in-
clude the Miniconjou, but included the
rest of the Teton found along Missouri r.
except the Brulés and Oglala, and esti-
mated them at 300 men, or 900 souls—
three-tenths of the whole. There was a
Sangona, or Sahown, band of the Hunk-
patina, with which they have been con-
fused (see Coues in Lewis and Clark
Exped., 1, 101, note, 1897). The Hunk-
papa were probably not counted as Saone
proper by Lewis, for in his table (Discov.,
34, 1806) he distinguishes from these the
Saone Hunkpapa. The Saone, under the
name Sioune, joined the Oglala in the
treaty with the United States at the mouth
of Teton r., 8S. Dak., July 5, 1825. Asthe
“‘Siounes of the Fire-hearts band”’ are
mentioned and the Hunkpapa are not, it
is probable the latter were not included
under the term Sioune.
Sahohes.—McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, 111, 81,
1854. Sa-hone.—Brackenridge, Views La., 78,
1815. Sah-o-ne.—Lewis and Clark, Discoy., 34,
1806. Sahonies,x—Bradbury, Trav., 90, 1817.
Saones.—Sen. Ex. Doc. 90, 22d Cong., Ist sess., 63,
1832. Saoynes.—De Smet, Letters, 37, note, 1843.
Sawons.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 471, 1838. Scione Sioux.—
H.R. Ex. Doc. 2, 18th Cong., 1st sess., 68, 1823. See-
oo-nay.—Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 69, 1850
(pronunciation). Sioane.—Ramsey, ibid., 84.
Siones,—H. R. Ex. Doc. 117, 19th Cong., Ist sess.,
6, 1826. Sionne.—Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849,
85, 1850. Sioune.—Treaty of 1825 in U. S. Ind.
Treat., 339, 1826. Siouones.—Sen. Ex. Doc. 56, 18th
Cong., Ist sess., 9, 1824. Siowes.—Parker quoted
by M’Vickar, Hist. Exped. Lewisand Clark, I, 86,
note, 1842. Souon.—Clark, MS., codex B, Amer.
Philos. Soc., 57. Souon-Teton.—Ibid. Sowans.—
Ind. Aff. Rep., 59, 1842. Tetans Saone.—Ramsey
in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 85,1850. Te’-ton-sah-o-ne’.—
Lewis and Clark, Discov., 30, 1806. Teton Saone.—
Ibid.,34. Tetons Sahone.—Lewis, Tray., 171, 1809.
Tetons Saone.—Lewis and Clark Exped., I, 61,
1814.
Saone Hunkpapa.
papa Sioux.
Sah-o-ne-hont-a-par-par.—Lewis and Clark, Dis-
coy., table, 34, 1806. Sanoni-Hunkpapa.—Riggs in
Word Carrier, 14, June-July, 1889.
Saopuk (S‘dopiik, ‘many trees’). A
Pima village at The Cottonwoods, on
Gila r., s. Ariz.
S‘a’opuk.—Russell in 26th Rep. B. A. E., 23, 1908.
Saufpak.—ten Kate quoted by Gatschet, MS., B.
A. E., XX, 199, 1888 (trans. ‘cottonwoods’ ).
Sapa Chitto (Osapa chitto, ‘big corn
field’). A former large Choctaw settle-
ment about Dixon, Neshoba co., Miss.—
Halbert in Pub. Miss. Hist. Soc., v1, 482,
1902,
A part of the Hunk-
SAONE—SAPONTI
[B. A. B.
Sapala. A mission village, perhaps-on
Sapelo id., coast of Georgia, which was
one of those revolting against the Span-
iards of Florida in 1687.—Barcia, Ensayo,
287, 1723.
Sapaquonil. A Chumashan village for-
merly on Jimeno’s rancho, Ventura co.,
Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, May 4, 1860.
Sapaywis. A former Salinan village
connected with San Antonio mission,
Monterey co., Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Far-
mer, Apr. 27, 1860.
Sapechichic (‘place of bats’). A small
rancheria of the Tarahumare, not far from
Norogachic, Chihuahua, Mexico.—Lum-
holtz, inf’n, 1894,
Sapeessa. A former Choctaw town on
the n. side of Black Water er., Kemper
co., Miss., apparently about midway be-
tween Shomotakali and the branch emp-
tying into Black Water known as Mineral
Spring branch. Its exact location has
not been identified.—Halbert in Pub.
Miss. Hist. Soc., vr, 416, 1902.
Sapa-Pesah.—Romans, Florida, 309, 1775. Sapees-
sa.—West Florida map, ca. 1775.
Sapelek. A Chumashan village for-
merly near Santa Inés mission, Santa
Barbara co., Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
May 4, 1860.
Sapohanikan (Delaware: Awésopodkdni-
chan, ‘over against the pipe-making place,’
i. e., Hoboken, a remnant of the native
name Hopodkinhiking, ‘at the tobacco-
pipe land’). Hoboken was the outlet for
peltries collected in the interior by the
Indians, who took them in their canoes
directly across the river and landed with
them in a cove north of ‘‘Sapokanichan
Point,’’ near the present Gansevoort st.,
New York city. The adjoining land was
not the site of an Indian village. Van
Twiller purchased a tract in the vicinity
and established on it a tobacco plantation,
with buildings inclosed in a stockade, and
called his Dutch settlement ‘‘Sapokani-
kan.’’ See Ruttenber, Ind. Geog. Names,
17, 1906. (w. R. G.)
Sapohanikan,—Hall (1639) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,
XIv, 19, 1883. Sapokanikan.—Van Tienhoven
(1641), ibid., 35. Saponickan.—Ibid., 27. Sappo-
kanican.—Deed of 1640, ibid.
Saponi. One of the eastern Siouan
tribes, formerly living in North Carolina
and Virginia, but now extinct. The tribal
name was occasionally applied to the
whole group of Ft Christanna tribes, also
occasionally includedunder Tutelo. That
this tribe belonged to the Siouan stock has
been placed beyond doubt by the investi-
gations of Hale and Mooney. Their lan-
guage appears to have been the same as
the Tutelo to the extent that the people
of the two tribes could readily understand
each other. Mooney has shown that the
few Saponi words recorded are Siouan.
Lederer mentions a war in which the
Saponi seem to have been engaged with
the Virginia settlers as early as 1654-56,
BULL. 30]
the time of the attack by the Cherokee,
probably in alliance with them. The
first positive notice is by Lederer (1670),
who informs us that he stopped a few
days at Sapon, a town of the Tutelo con-
federacy, situated on a tributary of the
upper Roanoke. This village was ap-
parently on Otter r., s. w. of Lynch-
burg, Va. Pintahae is mentioned also as
another of their villages near by. It is
evident that the Saponi and Tutelo were
living at that time in close and apparently
confederated relation. In 1671 they were
visited by Thomas Batts and others ac-
companied by two Indian guides. After
traveling nearly due w. from the mouth
of the Appomattox about 140 m., they
came to Sapong, or Saponys, town. Hay-
ing been harassed by the Iroquois in this
locality, the Saponi and Tutelo at a later
date removed to the junction of Staunton
and Dan rs., where they settled near the
Occaneechi, each tribe occupying an
island in the Roanoke in what is now
Mecklenburg co., Va. Lawson, who vis-
ited these Indians in 1701, found them
dwelling on Yadkin r., N. C., near the
present site of Salisbury, having removed
to thes. to escape the attacks of their ene-
mies. Byrd (1729) remarks: ‘‘They dwelt
formerly not far below the mountains,
upon Yadkin r., about 200 miles west
and by south from the falls of Roanoak.
But about 25 years ago they took refuge
in Virginia, being no longer in condition
to make head not only against the north-
ern Indians, who are their implacable
enemies, but also against most of those
to the south. All the nations round
about, bearing in mind the havock these
Indians used formerly to make among
their ancestors in the insolence of their
power, did at length avenge it home upon
them, and made them glad to apply to
this Government for protection.”’
Soon after Lawson’s visit in 1701 the
Saponi and Tutelo left their villages on
the Yadkin and moved in toward the
settlements, being joined on the way by
the Occaneechi and their allied tribes.
Together they crossed the Roanoke, evi-
dently before the Tuscarora war of 1711,
and made a new settlement, called Sapona
Town, a short distance £. of that river
and 15 m. w. of the present Windsor,
Bertie co., N. C. Soon after this they
and other allied tribes were located by
Goy. Spotswood near Ft Christanna, 10
m. N. of Roanoke r., about the present
Gholsonville, Brunswick co., Va. The
name of Sappony cr., in Dinwiddie co.,
dating back at least to 1733, indicates that
they sometimes extended their excursions
n. of Nottoway r. Their abode here was
not one of quiet, as they were at war with
neighboring tribes or their old enemies,
the Iroquois. By the treaty at Albany
3456°—Bull. 30, pt. 2—07——30
SAPPONET—SARACACHI
465
(1722) peace was declared between the
northern Indians and the Virginia and
Carolina tribes, the Blue Ridge and the
Potomac being the boundary line. Proba-
bly about 1740 the Saponi and Tutelo
went N., stopping for a time at Shamokin,
in Pennsylvania, about the site of Sun-
bury, where they and other Indians
were visited by the missionary David
Brainard in 1745. In 1753 the Cayuga
formally adopted the Saponi and Tutelo,
who thus became a part of the Six
Nations, though all had not then removed
to New York. In 1765 the Saponi are
mentioned as haying 30 warriors living
at Tioga, about Sayre, Pa., and other
villages on the northern branches of the
Susquehanna. A part remained here
until 1778, but in 1771 the principal por-
tion had their village in the territory of
the Cayuga, about 2 m. s. of what is now
Ithaca, N. Y. When the Tutelo fled to
Canada, soon after 1779, they parted with
the Saponi (Hale was informed by the
last of the Tutelo) at Niagara, but what
became of them afterward is not known.
It appears, however, from a treaty made
with the Cayuga at Albany in 1780 that a
remnant was still living with this tribe
on Seneca r. in Seneca co., N. Y., after
which they disappear from history. Con-
sult Mooney, Siouan Tribes of the East,
Bull. B. A. E., 1894; Bushnell in Am.
Anthr., rx, 45-46, 1907, and the authori-
ties cited below. (J. M:,)
Paanese.—Cayuga treaty, Albany, 1789, quoted
by Hall, N. W. States, 70, 1849. Sapenys.—Batts,
Jour. (1671), in Am. Anthr., 1x, 47, 1907. Sapiny.—
Ibid., 46. Sapon.—Lederer, Discoy., 2, map,
1672. Sapona.—Martin, N. Car., I, 258, 1829.
Saponas.—Lawson (1701), Hist. Car., &2, 1860.
Saponees.—Knight (1712) in N. Car. Rec., 1, 866,
1886. Sapones.—Croghan, Jour. (1765), 36, 1831.
Saponeys.—Johnson (1763) in N. Y. Doc. Col.
Hist., vil, 582, 1856. Sapongs.—Batts (1671), ibid.,
II, 194, 1853. Saponi.—Byrd (1728), Hist. Divid-
ing Line, I, 75, 1866. Saponie. — Spotswood
(1711) quoted by Burk, Virginia, 111, 89, 1805.
Saponys.—Batts, Jour. (1671), in Am. Anthr., 1x,
47,1907. Sapoonies.—Hutchins (1768) in Jefferson,
Notes, 142, 1825. Sappona.—Pollock (1712) in N.
Car. Rec., 1, 884, 1886. Sapponces.—Albany conf.
(1717) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., v, 490,1855. Sap-
ponees.—N. Car. council (1727) in N. Car. Rec., 0,
674, 1886. Sapponeys.—Doc. of 1709 in Va. State
Papers, I, 181, 1875. Sapponi.—Burk, Hist. Vir-
ginia, III, 17, 1805. Sapponie.—N. Car. Council
(1726) in N. Car. Rec., 1, 643, 1886 (town). Sap-
pony.—N. Car. Council (1727), ibid., 674. Saps.—
Lawson (1701), Hist. Car., 89, 1860.
Sapponet. A former village connected
-with San Carlos mission, Cal., and said
to have been Esselen.
Sepponet.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 1860.
Saptuni (Saph‘-tu-u/-i). A former Chu-
mashan village in the interior of Ventura
co., Cal., at a place called El Conejo.—
Henshaw, Buenaventura MS. vocab.,
B. A. E., 1884.
Saquerisera. See Sequareesere.
Saracachi. A Eudeve pueblo of Sonora,
Mexico, with 31 inhabitants in 1730;
situated near the present Cucurpe. The
466
comisaria of Saracachi y Dolores, which
contained 401 inhabitants in 1900, is the
outgrowth of the former pueblo.
Sacarachi.—Rivera (1730) quoted by Bancroft, No.
Mex. States, I, 513, 1884. Saracatzi.—Orozco y
Berra, Geog., 344, 1864.
Saracuam. One of the tribes enumer-
ated by Massanet (Dictamen Fiscal, Noy.
30, 1716, MS.) as on the road from Coa-
huilato the Texascountry. The affinities
of the tribe are uncertain.
Saraise. A former village, presumably
Costanoan, connected with Dolores mis-
sion, San Francisco, Cal.—Taylor in Cal.
Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861.
Sarapinagh. A tribe or division living
in 1608 on Nanticoke r., on the eastern
shore of Maryland. It is probable that
they were a part of the Nanticoke tribe.
Sarapinagh.—Simons in Smith (1629), Va., I, 175,
repr. 1819. Soraphanigh.—Purchas, Pilgrimes, Iv,
1713, 1626.
Sarasota. Mentioned by Armistead
(H. R. Doc. 247, 27th Cong., 2d sess., 14,
1842) as a Seminole settlement in Florida
in 1841; pop. 30 or 40. Doubtless situ-
ated at or near the site of the present
town of that name in Manatee co.
Saratoga (‘the place where ashes or
alkaline substances float.’—Hewitt). Ac-
cording to Macauley, the name of a Mo-
hawk band (village ?) formerly occupy-
ing the w. bank of the Hudson, about
Saratoga and Stillwater, in Saratoga co.,
N.Y
Oh-sa-ra-kas.—Macauley, N. Y., 11, 174, 1829. Sara-
togas.—Bollan (1748) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1st
8., VI, 135, 1800.
Saratoga. A kind of trunk. Bartlett
(Dict. of Americanisms, 551, 1877) says:
‘*The enormoustrunkscarried by fashion-
able ladies to Saratoga Springs have ob-
tained for them the specific name of
‘Saratoga trunks,’ or Saratogas.’? From
the place-name Saratoga (q. v.), a word of
Iroquois origin. Another term from this
region is ‘‘Saratoga chips’’—potatoes
sliced thin and fried crisp in hot fat—so-
called because they were first made pop-
ular in the Saratoga hotels. (A. F. c.)
Sarauahi. Apparently the name of two
villages in N. 5. Florida in the 16th cen-
tury. One marked on the De Bry map
of 1591 as Sarrauahi (river) is described
by Laudonniére in 1564 as on an inlet Nn.
of St John r., and about 2 leagues from
the French Ft Caroline on the s. bank
of the river, near its mouth. This prob-
ably belonged to the Saturiba tribe. The
other, probably Calanay of the De Bry
map, is described by Fontaneda, about
1575, as 50 or 60 leagues up St John r. and
subject to Utina, the Timucua chief. Lau-
donniére also notes ‘‘Calany’’ as subject
to Utina. The printed synonym forms
for both areinterchangeable. (s. M.)
Azavay.—Fontaneda (ca. 1575) in Ternaux-
Compans, Voy., XX, 35, 1841 (middle St John r.;
misprint for Zaravay in same passage of Smith
trans.). Calanay.—De Bry, map (1591), in Le
Moyne Narr,, Appleton trans., 1857 (middle St
SARACUAM—SARROPE
[B. A. B.
Johnr.;identical?). Calanio.—Barcia, Ensayo, 48,
1723 (identical?). Calany.—Laudonniére (1564)
in French, Hist. Coll. La.,n. s., 243, 1869 (the Cala-
any of De Bry map, and noted as subject to Utina).
Saranay.—Fontaneda (ca. 1575) in French, Hist.
Coll. La., 2d s., 11, 264, 1875 (middle St John r.),
Sarauahi.—Laudonnieére (1564) quoted by Shipp,
De Soto and Fla., 519, 1881 (N. of St John r.),
Saraurahi.—Laudonnieére (1564) in French, Hist.
Coll. La., n. s., 315, 1869 (N. of St Johnr.; misprint
secondrforv). Saravay.—Fontaneda Memoir (ca.
1575), Smith trans., 25, 1854 (mentioned as on mid-
dle St John and subject to Utina, chief of the Ti-
mucua). Sarrauahi.—De Bry, map (1591), in Le
Moyne Narr., Appleton trans., 1875 (river short
distance N. of St John r.). Serranay.—Laudon-
niére (1564) in French, Hist. Coll. La., n. s., 257,
1869 (identical?). Zaravay,—Fontaneda Me-
moir (ca. 1575), Smith trans., 25, 1854.
Sardlok. An Eskimo village on the
w. coast of Greenland, lat. 64° 20/.—
Nansen, Eskimo Life, 166, 1894.
Sarfalik (‘place of guillemots’). An
Ita Eskimo village near Smith sd., n.
Greenland.—Heilprin, Peary Relief Ex-
ped., 104, 1893.
Serwadling.—Stein in Petermanns Mitt., 198,
1902. Severnik.—Kane, Arct. Explor., 1, 125,
1856.
Sargarria. Mentioned asa New Mexico
mission in 1742.—Mendoza et al. (1742-3)
quoted by Bancroft, Ariz. and N. Mex.,
244, 1889.
Sargentaruka, A former village of the
Rumsen division of the Costanoan family,
21m. &£. of Carmelo r., Cal. It is said to
have been populous.
Sargenta rucas,—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20,
1860. Sargentarukas,—Ibid. Sirkhintaruk.—Kroe-
ber, Costanoan MS., Univ. Cal., 1902 (Sirkhinta,
name of place with locative ending -ta; rwk,
‘houses,’ ‘village’: said to have been the same
as Kakontaruk, or Kakonkaruk, at Pt Sur, s. of
Monterey).
Saric. A rancheria, probably of the
Papago, visited by Kino in 1694; the seat
of a mission from about 1700 (Bancroft,
Ariz. and N. Mex., 357, 1889). Situated
on the w. bank of Rio Altar, in N. Sonora,
Mexico.
Nuestra Senora de los Dolores del Saric.—Orozco y
Berra, Geog., 347, 1864. Oacpuaguigua,—Quijano
1757) in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th s., 1, 52, 1856,
aric.—Kino (1699), ibid.,294. Sarie.—Box, Ad-
ventures, 270, 1869. Sario.—Hardy, Travels, 422,
1829. Sarique.—Keler (1752) in Doc. Hist. Mex.,
4th s., I, 26, 1856. Sarriii—Venegas, Hist. Cal., 1,
304, 1759. Sta, Gertrudis Saric.—Kino (1706)
quoted by Bancroft, No. Mex. States, I, 501, 1884.
Sarkak. A Danish Eskimo village on
the Waigat, n. Greenland.—Wyckoff in
Seribner’s Mag., xxvii1, 450, 1900.
Sarkarmiut. A ruined Angmagsaling-
miut village on the 5. coast of Greenland,
lat. 66° 19’.—Meddelelser om Grénland,
XXVII, map, 1902.
Sarontac. A formervillage, presumably
Costanoan, connected with Dolores mis-
sion, San Francisco, Cal.—Taylor in Cal.
Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861.
Sarrochau. A former Winnebago vil-
lage on the site of Taycheedah, Fond du
Lac co., Wis.—Grignon in Wis. Hist.
Soe. Coll., m1, 288, 1857.
Sarrope. According to information of
a former Spanish captive among the
Calusa (q. v.) in Florida, as related to
BULL. 30]
Laudonniére in 1564, a great lake about
2 or 3 days journey N. 5. from the Calusa
territory and situated between that and
C. Cafiaveral. It had an inhabited island
whose people were warlike and independ-
ent and traded coonti root to the neigh-
boring tribes. This body of water was
probably Kissimmee or, possibly, Okee-
chobee lake. J. M.)
Sarrope.—Laudonniére (1564) in Basanier, His-
torie, in French, Hist. Coll. La., n. s., 282, 1869.
Serrope.—De ]’Isle, map, 1700 (incorrectly marked
as a town on thes. w. coast of Florida).
Sarsi (from the Siksika sa arsi, ‘not
good’). A tribe of the eastern group of
the northern division of the Athapascan
family. There is a myth or tradition
found among the Tsattine, according to
which their secession from the tribe is
said to have been the sequel of a blood
feud. According to this story, a dog
belonging to a member of one division
was killed by a young man of the other
division, who was slain by the owner and
avenged by his relatives: The ani-
mosity engendered between the two fac-
tions became so rooted and vindictive
that the weaker party migrated. The
explanation the Sarsi themselves give is
one common in the Plains region. The
oon were crossing a lake when the
and of a boy became attached to a horn
protruding from the ice. When the horn
was struck the ice broke. Those who
had not reached the neighborhood re-
mained in the n. as the Tsattine, those
who had already passed went on to the
s. and became the Sarsi, and those near
by were engulfed in the lake and became
mythical water beings. Atthe beginning
of the 19th century the Sarsi numbered
120 warriors, in 35tents (Mackenzie, Voy.,
I, Ixx, 1801). Their hunting grounds
were on the upper Saskatchewan, toward
the Rocky mts. Umfreyille, in 1790
(Maine Hist. Soc. Coll., v1, 270, 1859),
spoke of them as one of the leading tribes
trading with the Hudson’s Bay Co. Mac-
kenzie found them on the wn. branch of
Saskatchewan r., few in number and ap-
pearing to have come from the N. W.
He identified them with the Sekani.
Richardson (Arct. Exped., 11, 6, 1851) said
they lived near the Rocky mts., between
the sources of Athabasca and Saskatche-
wanrs. Their customs have been greatly
modified by their long residence among
the Siksika, but their language remains
fairly constant. Gallatin said that the
Tsattine and Sarsi together numbered
150 hunters. Wilson, in 1888, found
two bands, the Blood Sarsi and the real
Sarsi. In 1897 two divisions were re-
orted, one at Ft Calgary, on Bow r.,
at. 51°, and the other near Battleford.
In 1909 there were 197 engaged in farm-
ing, stock-raising, and woodcutting on the
reserve at Calgary, Alberta, mingling little
SARSI
467
with other Indians except on occasions
of ceremony. Rey. E. F. Wilson, who
visited them in 1888, describes them as in-
ferior in mental capacity to the Siksika,
not so fine and tall a race, and less com-
municative, having no liking for white
people.
Their dress consists of the breech-
clout, blanket, leggings, beaded mocca-
sins, and a gray, white, or colored blanket
thrown loosely over one or both shoulders.
Both men and women paintthe upper part
of their faces with ocher or vermilion.
They wear brooches and earrings of steel,
and bracelets and necklaces of beads,
bones, claws, teeth, and brass wire, and
finger-rings of coiled brass wire. They
live in conical tipis in summer, and in
low log huts, plastered with mud, in
winter. Their chief handicrafts are the
preparation of skins, of which they make
their clothing and saddles for their numer-
ous ponies, and the making of bows of
cherry wood and arrows of willow, which
are winged with feathers and pointed with
sharp filed pieces of scrap-iron, the shaft
having four shallow grooves down its
entirelength. Some of the men havefrom
two to four wives, whom they can divorce
at pleasure, restoring the presents re-
ceived with the wife, or their equivalent.
Girls are often betrothed at 10 years of age
and married at 14. After betrothal they
must look no man in the face. A man
must notmeet his mother-in-law, and if he
accidentally touch her he must give hera
present. The Sarsi have little knowl-
edge of medicinal roots and herbs; most
of their physicians are women. As
among many other Indian tribes, a doctor
when calied in heats a stone in the fire,
touches it with his finger, and with the
same finger presses various parts of the
patient’s body in order to divine the
seat and character of the malady. He
then sucks the affected place, pretend-
ing to draw out the disease and spit
it from his mouth, the performance
being accompanied with the beating
of a drum and the shaking of a rattle.
The Sarsi know how to cauterize effica-
ciously with burning touchwood, and they
use the vapor bath, building a low bower
of bent green saplings covered with blan-
kets, within which red-hot stones are
placed in a hole in the ground, and over
these the patient pours water that is
handed him from outside. When thor-
oughly steamed he rushes out and
plunges into cold water, sometimes with
fatal result. The dead are wound in
tent cloths and blankets and deposited on
scaffolds in a burial ground. Sahaptin.—Hale in U. S. Expl. Ex-
ped., VI, 198, 212, 542, 1846 (Shahaptin or Nez-
percés, Wallawallas, Pelooses, Yakemas, Kli-
katats); Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc.,
II, pt. 1. ec, 14, 1848 (follows Hale); Gallatin, ibid.,
77 (Nez-percés only); Berghaus (1851), Physik.
Atlas, map 17, 1852; Gallatin in Schoolcraft,
Ind. Tribes, 111, 402, 1853 (Nez-percés and Wal-
lawallas); Dall, after Gibbs, in Cont. N. A.
Ethnol., 1, 241, 1877 (includes Taitinapam and
Kliketat). >Saptin.—Prichard, Phys. Hist. Man-
kind, v, 428, 1847 (or Shahaptan). Shahaptani.—Tolmie
and Dawson, Comp. Vocabs. Brit. Col., 78, 1884
(Whulwhaipum tribe). >Nez-Percés.—Prichard,
Phys. Hist. Mankind, v, 428, 1847 (see Shahaptan,
above); Keane in Stanford, Compend., Cent. and
So. Am., app., 474, 1878 (see his Sahaptin). »Se-
lish.—Dall, after Gibbs, in Cont. N. A. Ethnol.,
I, 241, 1877 (includes Yakama, which belongs
here). =Shahaptian.—Powellin 7th Rep. B. A. E.,
126, 1891.
Shahwundais (‘God of the South,’ who
makes the summer.—J. Jones). A con-
verted Chippewa, generally known as
John Sunday, who took an active part
SHAHWUNDAIS—SHAKCHUKLA
[B. ASH.
in the Methodist missionary work among
his people during the early and middle
parts of the 19th century. Peter Jones
(Hist. Ojeb. Inds., 200, 1861) says he
belonged to the Mink ‘‘tribe”’ (probably
the Marten gens of Warren). His home,
and probably the place of his birth, about
1796, was Alnwick district, Northumber-
land co., Ont. In 1823 John and Peter
Jones, the latter the author of the Histo-
ry of the Ojebway Indians, were con-
verted at the Methodist mission on Credit
r., near Rice lake, Northumberland co.
The brothers commenced teaching their
people, and with other missionaries
in 1826-27 held a camp-meeting near
Coburg, at which Sunday was converted.
He began at once to learn to read and
write, was ordained as a minister, and
entered actively into missionary work
among the Chippewa. With George
Copway and other native preachers he
went on seyeral missionary tours to the
Chippewa about L. Superior. They es-
tablished a permanent mission in 1883 at
L’ Anse on Keweenaw bay, Mich., and
another in 1835 at Ottawa Lake, in the
same state. Sunday appears to have de-
voted some time to special work among
the Saulteurs at Sault Ste Marie, where
his preaching was so highly regarded
that women bearing children in their
arms forded streams to reach the meeting
place (Jones, op. cit., 227). It was about
this period that the Rev. Wm. Case, who’
had been influential in bringing Sunday
into the church, took him on a tour
of the States for the purpose of rais-
ing funds for the Canadian missions. At
the general council of the Christian Chip-
pewa and Ottawa, held at Saugeen, Ont.,
in 1845, Sunday was present, and his
eloquence on this occasion has received
special mention. Copway (Life, Hist.
and Trav., 197, 1847) says he was ‘‘un-
commonly eloquent’’; Jones (op. cit.,
201) says he was ‘‘particularly happy in
his address at this meeting, and towards
the close, thrilled and astonished all
present by the ingenuity and power of
his appeals.’’ After this he is not men-
tioned, though he was probably living as
late as 1855. Copway speaks of him as
a chief, and he signs as chief the report
made by him and one Simpson as commis-
sioners of Alnwick in 1842. (C75)
Shakaik(Siid’kdik, ‘many rattlesnakes’ ).
A Pima village on the n. side of the Gila,
nN. w. of Casa Blanca, s. Ariz.—Russell
in 26th Rep. B. A. E., 23, 1908.
Shakallamy. See Shikellamy.
Shakan (Cavd’/n). Asummer village of
the Henya on the n.w. coast of Prince of
Wales id., Alaska, whither they used to
go for fish eggs.
Caxan. —Swanton, field notes, B. A. E., 1904.
Tsi/choan.—Krause, Tlinkit Ind., 120, 1885.
Shakchukla (Shak-chuk/-la, ‘crayfish
BULL. 30] .
people’). A Choctaw clan of the Wa-
takihulata phratry.—Morgan, Anc. Soc.,
162, 1878.
Shakehand. Principal chief of the
Yankton Sioux in 1804. He was the
leader in the council with Lewis and
Clark, neld opposite the present city of
Yankton, S. Dak., when the explorers
were going up the Missouri r. He had
previously visited Mackinaw and St
Louis. (D. R.)
Shakes’ Village. A summer camp of the
head Stikine chief Céks, on Etolin id.,
Alaska; pop. 38 in 1880.—Petroff in Tenth
Census, Alaska, 32, 1884.
Shakian (‘beaver’). A Yuchi clan.
Cagan’.—Speck, Yuchi Inds., 70, 1909 (¢=sh).
Shakia" tahd.—Gatschet, Uchee MS., B. A. E., 71,
1885 (=‘ beaver clan’).
Shakkeen. A (former?) Salish village
or band under Fraser superintendency,
Brit. Col.—Brit. Col. map, Ind. Aff.,
Victoria, 1872.
Shakopee (Shakpe, ‘six’). The name
of a succession of chiefs of the Mdewa-
kanton Sioux, residing on Minnesota r.
not far from the present town of Shako-
pee, Scott co., Minn. Three men of
the name are mentioned in succession.
The first met Maj. S. H. Long at the
mouth of the Minnesota in 1817, when
he came up to distribute the presents
which Lieut. Z. M. Pike had contracted
to send them 12 years earlier, and Long
found him very offensive. This Shako-
pee was succeeded by his son, who was
known as Eaglehead Shakopee, and he
by his son Little Six (Shakopeela), who
was a leader in the Minnesota massacre
of 1862. See Taoapa. (D. R.)
Shakori. A small tribe associated with
the Eno and Adshusheer in North Caro-
lina in the 17th century. It is doubt-
ful, from their physical characteristics,
whetherthey were ofSiouan stock, though
they were allied with Siouan tribes. As
the Shakori were constantly associated
with the Eno they were probably linguis-
tically related to them. They are first
mentioned by Yardley (1654), who says
a Tuscarora Indian described to him
among other tribes of the interior ‘‘a
great nation called Cacores,’’ of dwarfish
stature, not exceeding that of boys of 14
years, yet exceedingly brave and fierce
in fight and active in retreat, so that
even the powerful Tuscarora were un-
able to conquer them. They were then
near neighbors of the Eno. Lederer
(1672) found the villages of the two
tribes about 14 m. apart, that of the
Shakori being farthest w. In 1701 Law-
son found the two tribes confederated,
and the Adshusheer with them. Their
village, which he calls Adshusheer, was
on Eno r. about 14 m. 5. of the Oc-
caneechi village, probably a short dis-
tance Nn. E. of the present Durham, N. C.
SHAKEHAND—SHALLATTOO
521
They resembled the Eno in their customs.
According to Col. Barnwell, commander
in the Tuscarora war of 1711, they are
identical with the Sissipahaw. Consult
Mooney, Siouan Tribes of the East,
Bull. B. A. E., 1894.
Cacores.— Yardley (1654) in Hawks, N. Car., 11, 19,
1858. Schoccories. —Lawson (1701), Hist. Car., 384,
1860. Shabor.—Hawks, N. Car., II, map, 1858
(misprint). Shacco.—Byrd (1733), Hist. Dividing
Line, 11, 2,1866. Shacioes.—Barnwell (1711) inS. C.
Hist. and Geneal. Mag., 1x, 31, 1908. Shackory.—
Byrd, op. cit.,15. Shakor.—Lederer, Discov., map,
1672. Shoccories.—Lawson (1701), Hist. Car., 96,
1860.
Shakshakeu (‘great heron’). A sub-
phratry or gens of the Menominee.—
Hoffman in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 42, 1896.
Shaktabsh. A body of Salish who lived
on Port Washington bay, Kitsap co.,
Wash.; now on Port Madison res.
Shak-tabsh. — Boulet, letter, Mar. 22, 1886.
S’hak-tabsh.—Mallet in Ind. Aff. Rep., 198, 1877.
Shaktoligmiut (Shakto/ligmit). A sub-
division of the Malemiut Eskimo of
Alaska, whose village is Shaktolik.
Chakhtogmut.—Zagoskin, Descr. Russ. Poss. Am.,
pt. 1, 72, 1847. Shakto’ligmut.—Dall in Cont. N.
A. Ethnol., 1, 16, 1877. Tchakh-toligmiouth.—Za-
goskin in Nouy. Ann. Voy., 5ths., Xx1I, map, 1850.
Shaktolik. A Malemiut village on the
E. coast of Norton sd., Alaska, inhabited
by descendants of the native tribe and
invaders from Kotzebue sd.
Shaklolik.—Post-route map, 1903. Shaktolik,—
Dall in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 1, 16, 1877. Shakto-
lit.—11th Census, Alaska, 165, 1893.
Shakwabaiyaki (‘blue or green running
water pueblo’). A ruined pueblo, for-
merly occupied by the ancestors of the
Hopi, situated opposite Hardy station on
the Santa Fé Pacific R. R., near the
mouth of Cheylon er., Ariz.
Blue Running Water pueblo,—Fewkes in 22d Rep.
B. A. E., 31,1904. Cakwabaiyaki.—Ibid., 23 (Hopi
name). Chevlon ruin,—Ibid., 23.
fhakwalengya. The Blue or Green
Flute clan of the Ala (Horn) phratry of
the Hopi.
Cakwalenya winwui.—Fewkesin 19th Rep. B. A. E.,
583, 1901 (wifiwi =‘clan’). Ca-kwa/-len-ya wun-
wu.—Fewkes in Am. Anthr., v1, 401, 1894.
Shalawa. AChumashan village located
by Taylor near Santa Inés mission, Cal.;
given by Ventura Indians as formerly
between Santa Barbara and Carpenteria,
in the locality now called La Matanza.
Cal-a-wa.—Henshaw, Buenaventura MS. vocab.,
B. A. E., 1884. Shalawa,—Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
May 4, 1860. Shhalwaj.—Henshaw, op. cit.
Shalikuwewich ( Cal-i-ku-we’-witc). Saste.—Hale in U. S. Expl. Exped., VI, 218, 1846.
Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol.Soc., 1, pt. 1, ¢, 77,
1848. Berghaus (1851), Physik. Atlas, map 17,
1852. Buschmann, Spuren d. aztek. Sprache, 572,
1859. >Palaihnih.—Hale in U. 8. Expl. Exped.,
VI, 218, 569, 1846 (used in family sense). >Pal-
aik.—Hale in U.S. Exp!. Exped., vi, 199, 218, 569,
1846 (southeast of Lutuamiin Oregon) Gallatin
in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc., 11, pt. 1, 18, 77, 1848.
Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 325 1850 (southeast of
Lutuami). Berghaus (1851), Physik. Atlas, map
.17, 1852. Latham in Proce. Philol. Soe. Lond., vr,
82, 1854 (cites Hale’s vocab.). Latham in Trans.
Philol. Soe. Lond., 74, 1856 (has Shoshoni affini-
ties). Latham, Opuscula, 310, 341, 1860. Latham,
El. Comp. Philol., 407, 1862. >Shasty.—Hale in
U. S. Expl. Exped., VI, 218, 1846 (=Saste). Busch-
mann, Spuren d. aztek. Sprache, 572, 1859
(=Saste). >Shasties.—Halein U.S. Expl. Exped.,
VI, 199, 569, 1846 (=Saste). Berghaus (1851),
Physik. Atlas, map 17, 1852. >Palainih,—Gal-
latin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc., 11, pt. 1, ce, 1848
(after Hale). Berghaus (1851), Physik. Atlas,
map 17,1852. >Shasti.—Latham, Nat. Hist.Man,
325, 1850 (southwest of Lutuami). Latham in
Proc. Philol. Soe. Lond., v1, 82, 1854. Latham,
ibid., 74, 1856. Latham, Opuscula, 310, 341, 1860
(allied to both Shoshonean and Shahaptian fam-
ilies). Latham, El. Comp. Philol., 407, 1862.
>Shasté.—Gibbs in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 111,
422, 1853 (mentions Watsa-he’-wa, a Scott r.
band). >Sasti.—Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind.
Tribes, 111, 402, 1853 (=Shasties). >Pulairih.—
Ibid. (obvious typographical error; quotes Hale’s
Palaiks). >Pit River.—Powers in Overland
Monthly, 412, May 1874 (three principal tribes:
Achomaéwes, Hamefcuttelies, Astakaywas or As-
takywich). Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 164, 1877
(gives habitat; quotes Hale for tribes). Gatschet
in Beach, Ind. Misc., 439,1877. _>A-cho-ma’-wi.—
Powell in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 11, 601, 1877
(vocabs. of A-cho-m4’/-wiand Lutuami). Powers,
ibid., 267 (general account of tribes; A-cho-
ma4’-wi, Hu-m4/-whi, Es-ta-ke’-wach, Han-te’-wa,
Chu-m4/-wa, A-tu-a’-mih, Il-m4’-wi). >Shasta,—
Powell in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 111, 607,1877. Gat-
schet in Mag., Am. Hist., 164, 1877. Gatschet in
Beach, Ind. Misc., 438, 1877. >Shas-ti’-ka,—
Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., m1. 248, 1877.
Shasta.—Bancroft, Nat.
Races, 111, 565, 1882 (contains Palaik, Watsahe-
wah, Shasta). >Palaihnihan.—Powellin7th Rep.
B. A. E., 97, 1891. >Sastean.—Ibid.,105. —Shasta-
Achomawi,—Dixon in Am. Anthr., VII, 218, 1905.
Shatane (‘wildcat’). A Yuchi clan.
Cadtané.—Speck, Yuchi Inds., 70, 1909 (c=sh).
Shatane taha.—Gatschet, Uchee MS., B. A. E., 70,
1885 (=‘ wildeat clan’). ‘ :
Shatara. A former Chickasaw town in
N. Mississippi, forming part of a large
settlement of 5 towns.—Adair, Am. Inds.,
353, 1775.
Shateiaronhia. See Leatherlips.
Shathiane (‘fox’). A Yuchi clan.
Catiené.—Speck, Yuchi Inds., 70, 1906 (c=sh).
Shat’hiané tahé.—Gatschet, Uchee MS., B.A.E., 71,
1885 (=‘fox clan’).
Shaubena. See Shabonee.
Shaugawaumikong (Shdgawdmikdng, or
Jigawdmikdng, from shdgaw ‘narrow’,
dmika ‘there is a lake-bottom’, -ng ‘at’:
‘where there is a long shallow place in
the lake where the waves break.’—
Baraga). One of the most ancient
Chippewa villages, situated on Long
id., formerly known as Chaquamegon
peninsula, on the coast of L. Super-
ior, in Ashland co., Wis. On account
of the inroads of the Sioux, the vil-
lage was at one time removed to the
adjacent Madeleine id., about where La
Pointe now is. For a long time it was
the only village of the Chippewa except-
ing Pawating, but was finally abandoned
for superstitious reasons. In 1665 the
Jesuits established on Long id., among
the Huron, Tionontati, and Ottawa then
residing there, the mission of La Pointe
du St Esprit. Numbers from the sur-
rounding Algonquian tribes soon joined
the mission, which flourished until broken
up by the Sioux in 1670. At the begin-
ning of the 19th century the village
was on the mainland near the site of
Bayfield, Wis. In later times it has com-
monly been known as La Pointe. (J. M.)
Cagawami‘'kang.—Wm. Jones, inf’n, 1905 (correct
Chippewa form; c=sh). Chagaouamigong.—Jes.
Rel. for 1670, 78, 1858. Chagoamigon.—De Bou-
gainville (1757) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., x, 608,1858.
Chagoimegon.—Schoolcraft quoted by Warren in
Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., v,252, 1885. Chagouamigon. —
Neill in Minn. Hist. Soe. Coll., v, 403, 1885. Cha-
g8amigon,—Doc. of 1695in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., rx,
609, 1855. Chagotiamigong,—Jes. Rel. for 1667, 9,
1858. Chagouemig.—Henry, Trav., 195, 1809.
Chagouemigon,—Ibid., 198. Chegoimegon.—Hall,
N.W. States, 129, 1849. Lapointe.—Schoolcraft, op.
cit. La Pointe band.—La Pointe treaty (1854) in
U. S. Ind. Treat., 223, 1873. Lapointe du St.
Esprit.—Shea, Cath. Miss., 358, 1855. La Pointe
Chagauamegou.—Chauvignerie (1736) as quoted by
Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, 111, 556, 1853 (misprint).
Mission of the Holy Ghost.—Jefferys, Fr. Doms.,
pt. 1, 19, 1761. Monengwanekan.—Baraga, Otch.
Gram., 12, 1878. Moningwanekan.—Baraga, Eng.-
Otch. Dict., 154, 1878 (Chippewa name of La
Pointe). Shagawamigong.—Kelton, Ft Mackinac,
146, 1884. Shag-a-waum-ik-ong.—Warren (1852)
in Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., v, 52, 1885. Shaug-ah-
waum-ik-ong.—Ibid., 86. Shaug-a-waum-ik-ong.—
Ibid., 48. Shaugha-waum-ik-ong.--Ibid., 219.
Shaugwamegin.—Schoolcraft quoted by Neill in
Minn. Hist. Soe. Coll., v, 403, 1885. Bt }
Shaukimmo. One of the aboriginal di-
visions of Nantucket id., Mass. It appar-
530
ently included a portion of the interior,
s. of Nantucket harbor. See Mass. Hist.
Soe. Coll., 2d s., 111, 25, 1815.
Shavehead. A well known Potawato-
mi chief, so named by the whites be-
cause, like many of his ancestors, he
kept the hair shaved from the greater
part of his scalp. The dates of his birth
and death are not known, but he lived
during the early part of the 19th century
in thes. E. part of Cass co., Mich. As a
warrior Shavehead was the terror of the
vicinity, feared by both whites and In-
dians. He participated in many battles
and manifested a determined hatred for
the whites, openly boasting of the scalps
he had taken, and wearing them as
trophies about his person. It was re-
ported, although probably with great ex-
aggeration, that he possessed a string of
99 white men’s tongues. Many inci-
dents of Shavehead’s vindictiveness are
related. Afterthe mail stages had begun
to run on the Chicago road, Shavehead,
claiming the rights of his people as pro-
prietors of the soil, established himself
at a ferry of St Joseph r., near Mott-
ville, and demanded tribute from every
one who crossed, especially the settlers
who were compelled to use this route to
the nearest grist mill. Finally, exasper-
ated beyond endurance, one of the set-
tlers caught the Indian unaware and ad-
ministered a severe beating, which had
the effect of curing his depredations, but
making him more sullen. He is de-
scribed in his old age as being tall and
erect, quite dark, and with not a hair on
his head. Both a lake anda prairie bear
his name.
Several stories are told of the manner
of Shavehead’s death, but they can not
be substantiated. One is that the old
chief, while boasting of his part in the
massacre at Ft Dearborn, Chicago, in
1812, was recognized by a surviving sol-
dier, who followed him out of the vil-
lage, and, it is supposed, murdered him.
Another account states that after signifi-
cantly saying that there was no longer
game enough for both the Indian and the
white man, he was killed by a white
hunter who had been his companion on
many hunting expeditions. The last
and more probable story is that he died,
enfeebled by age and poverty, and was
buried in a hollow loginthe forest. Set-
tlers visited his grave and severed his
head from his body, and his skull was
said in 1889 to be in the collection of the
pioneers of Van Buren co. One of
Shavehead’s sons died in prison under a
life sentence for murder. See Coll.
Mich. Pion. and Hist. Soe., v, 1884; xiv,
1890; xxvii, 1900. (F. 8. N.)
Shawakhtau. The name, in the Yau-
danchi dialect of Yokuts, of a place on
SHAVEHEAD—SHAWNEE
[B. A. BL
Tuler., Cal., above Springville, where the
Yaudanchi frequently wintered.
Sa-wakh’-tu.—Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 11,
370, 1877 (given asatribalname). Shawakhtau,—
A. L. Kroeber, inf’n, 1906.
A band of the
Shawala (‘Shawnee’).
Brulé Teton Sioux, descended from a
Shawnee chief adopted into the tribe.
Cawala.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 218, 1897
(c=sh). Sawala.—Ibid, :
Shawangunk (shdw ‘side,’ ong ‘hill,’ unk
locative: ‘at or on the hillside.’—Gerard).
An important fortified Waranawonkong
village near the site of Tuthill, Ulster co.,
N. Y. It was destroyed by the Dutch in
1663.
Chauwanghungh.—Doc. of 1684 cited by Ruttenber,
Ind. Geog. Names, 140,1906. Chauwangung.—Doc.
of 1686, ibid. Chawangon.—Deed of 1684 quoted
by Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 388, 1872. Cha-
wangong.—Patent of 1686, ibid. Shawangung,—
Doce. of 1709 cited by Ruttenber, Ind. Geog. Names,
141, 1906. Shawangunk.—Dutch record (ca. 1660)
cited by Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 388, 1872.
Showangunck,—Doc. of 1723 cited by Ruttenber,
Ind. Geog. Names, 141, 1906.
Shawi (‘raccoon’). A Chickasaw clan
of the Ishpanee phratry.
Shd-u-ee.— Morgan, Anc. Soc., 163, 1878. Shawi.—
Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., 1, 96, 1884
Shawiangto. A former small village of
the Tuscarora, containing about a dozen
houses, situated on the w. side of the Sus-
quehanna, not far from the present Wind-
sor, Broome c ., N.Y. It was burned by
Gen. Clinton, Aug. 17, 1779. In 1778
there appear to have been four villages of
the Tuscarora not far below Oquaga, in
the same county. (J. N. B. H.)
Shawiti. The Parrot clansofthe Keresan
pueblos of Laguna, Acoma, Santa Ana,
San Felipe, and Sia, N. Mex. That of
Laguna claims to have come originally
from Zuni, while the Parrot clan of Acoma
formed a phratry with the Hapanyi (Oak)
and Tanyi(Calabash)clans. (¥F. w. H.)
Sha’-wi-ti.—Stevenson in 11th Rep. B.A.E., 19,
1894 (Sia form). Shéwiti-hdnoch,—Hodge in Am,
Anthr., Ix, 351, 1896 (Laguna form; hdnoch=
‘people’). Shawiti-hanogceh,—Ibid.(Acomaform).
Shé’wati-hano,—Ibid. (San Felipeform). Sh6’wi-
ti-hano.—Ibid. (Sia and Santa Ana form).
Shawnee (from shawtin, ‘south’; sha-
wiinog, ‘southerners.’ —W.J.). Former-
ly a leading tribe of South Carolina, Ten-
nessee, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. By rea-
son of the indefinite character of their
name, their wandering habits, their con-
nection with other tribes, and because of
their interior position away from the tray-
eled routes of early days, the Shawnee
were long a stumbling block in the way of
investigators. Attempts have been made
to identify them with the Massawomec of
Smith, the Erie of the early Jesuits, and
the Andaste of a somewhat later period,
while it has also been claimed that they
originally formed one tribe with the Sauk
and Foxes. Noneof these theories, how-
ever, rests upon sound evidence, and
all have been abandoned. Linguisti-
cally the Shawnee belongs to the group
of Central Algonquian dialects, and is
BULL. 30]
very closely related to Sauk-Fox. The
name ‘‘Savanoos,’’ applied by the early
Dutch writers to the Indians living npon
the g. bank of Delaware r., in New Jersey,
SHAWNEE MAN
did not refer to the Shawnee, and was evi-
dently not a proper tribal designation, but
merely the collective term, ‘‘southern-
ers,’’? for those tribes southward from
Manhattan id., just as Wappanoos, ‘‘east-
erners,’’ was the collective term for those
living toward the gr. Evelin, who wrote
about 1646, gives the names of the differ-
ent small bands in thes. part of New Jer-
sey, while Ruttenber names those in the
n., but neither mentions the Shawnee.
The tradition of the Delawares, as em-
bodied in the Walum Olum, makes them-
selves, the Shawnee, and the Nanticoke,
originally one people, the separation hav-
ing taken place after the traditional ex-
pulsion of the Talligewi (Cherokee, q. v. )
trom the N., it being stated that the
Shawnee wentS. Beyond thisitis useless
to theorize on the origin of the Shawnee or
to strive to assign them any earlier loca-
tion than that in which they were first
known and where their oldest traditions
place them—the Cumberland basin in Ten-
nessee, with an outlying colony on the
middle Savannah in South Carolina. In
this position, as their name may imply,
they were the southern advance guard
of the Algonquian stock. Their real
history begins in 1669-70. They were
then living in two bodies at a consid-
SHAWNEE
531
erable distance apart, and these two di-
visions were not fully united until nearly
a century later, when the tribe settled
in Ohio. The attempt to reconcile con-
flicting statements without a knowledge
of this fact has occasioned much of the
confusion in regard to the Shawnee. The
apparent anomaly of a tribe living in two
divisions at such a distance from each
other is explained when we remember
that the intervening territory was occu-
pied by the Cherokee, who were at that
time the friends of the Shawnee. The
evidence afforded by the mounds shows
that the two tribes lived together for a
considerable period, both in South Caro-
lina and in Tennessee, and it is a matter
of history that the Cherokee claimed the
country vacated by the Shawnee in both
states after the removal of the latter to
the N. Itis quite possible that the Chero-
kee invited the Shawnee to settle upon
their eastern frontier in order to serve as
a barrier against the attacks of the Ca-
tawba and other enemies in that direction.
No such necessity existed for protection
on their northwestern frontier. The
earliest notices of the Carolina Shawnee
represent them as a warlike tribe, the
enemies of the Catawba and others, who
were also the enemies of the Cherokee.
In Ramsey’s Annals of Tennessee is the
statement, made by a Cherokee chief in
1772, that 100 years previously the Shaw-
nee, by permission of the Cherokee, re-
SHAWNEE WOMAN
moved from Savannah r. to the Cum-
berland, but were afterward driven out
by the Cherokee, aided by the Chick-
asaw, in consequence of a quarrel with
532
the former tribe. While this tradition
does not agree with the chronologic order
of Shawnee occupancy in the two regions,
as borne out by historical evidence, it
furnishes additional proof that the Shaw-
nee occupied territory upon both rivers,
and that this occupancy was by permis-
sion of the Cherokee. De I’Isle’s map of
1700 places the ‘‘ Ontouagannha,’’ which
here means the Shawnee, on the head-
waters of the Santee and Pedee rs. in
South Carolina, while the ‘‘Chiouonons’’
are located on the lower Tennessee r.
Senex’s map of 1710 locates a part of the
‘‘Chaouenons”’ on the headwaters of a
stream in South Carolina, but seems to
place the main body on the Tennessee.
Moll’s map of 1720 has ‘‘Savannah Old
Settlement’’ at the mouth of the Cum-
berland (Royce in Abstr. Trans. Anthr.
Soc. Wash., 1881), showing that the term
Savannah was sometimes applied to the
western as well as to the eastern band.
The Shawnee of South Carolina, who
included the Piqua and Hathawekela di-
visions of the tribe, were known to the
early settlers of that state as Savannahs,
that being nearly the form of the name
in use among the neighboring Muskho-
gean tribes. A good deal of confusion has
arisen from the fact that the Yuchi and
Yamasee, in the same neighborhood,
were sometimes also spoken of as Savan-
nah Indians. Bartram and Gallatin par-
ticularly are confused upon this point, al-
though, as is hardly necessary to state, the
tribes are entirely distinct. Their prin-
cipal village, known as Savannah Town,
was on Savannah r., nearly opposite the
present Augusta, Ga. According to a
writer of 1740 (Ga. Hist. Soe. Coll., 11, 72,
1842) it was at New Windsor, on the n.
bank of Savannah r., 7m. below Augusta.
It was an important trading point, and Ft
Moore was afterward built upon the site.
The Savannah r. takes itsname from this
tribe, as appears from the statement of
Adair, who mentions the ‘‘Savannah r.,
so termed on account of the Shawano
Indians having formerly lived there,”’
plainly showing that the two names are
synonyms for the same tribe. Gallatin
says that the name of the river is of Span-
ish origin, by which he probably means
that it refers to ‘‘savanas,’’ or prairies,
but as almost all the large rivers of the
Atlantic slope bore the Indian names of
the tribesupon their banks, it is not likely
that this river is an exception, or that a
Spanish name would have been retained in
an English colony. In 1670, when South
Carolina was first settled, the Savannah
were one of the principal tribes south-
ward from Ashley r. About 10 years
later they drove back the Westo, identi-
fied by Swanton as the Yuchi, who had
just previously nearly destroyed the in-
fant settlements in a short but bloody
SHAWNEE
[B. A. BE.
war. The Savannah seem to have re-
mained at peace with the whites, and in
1695, according to Gov. Archdale, were
‘‘good friends and useful neighbors of
the English.’”? By a comparison of Gal-
latin’s paragraph (Trans. Am. Antiq.
Soc., 1, 66, 1836) with Lawson’s state-
ments (Hist. Car., 75, 279-280, ed. 1860)
from which he quotes, it will be seen that
he has misinterpreted the earlier author,
as well as misquoted the tribal forms.
Lawson traveledthrough Carolina in1701,
and in 1709 published his account, which
has passed through several reprints, the
last being in 1860. He mentions the
‘‘Savannas’’ twice, and it is to be noted
that in each place he calls them by the
same name, which, however, is not the
same as any one of the three forms used
by Gallatin in referring to the same pas-
sages. Lawson first mentions them in
connection with the Congaree as the
“Savannas, a famous, warlike, friendly
nation of Indians, living to the south end
of Ashley r.’’ In another place he speaks
of ‘‘the Savanna Indians, who formerly
lived on the banks of the Messiasippi, and
removed thence to the head of one of the
rivers of South Carolina, since which, for
some dislike, most of them are removed
to live in the quarters of the Iroquois or
Sinnagars [Seneca], which are on the
heads of the rivers that disgorge them-
selves into the bay of Chesapeak.’’ This
isa definite statement, plainly referring to
one and the same tribe, and agrees with
what is known of the Shawnee.
On De I’Isle’s map, also, we find the
Savannah r. called ‘‘R. des Chouanons,”’
with the ‘‘Chaouanons’’ located upon
both banks in its middle course. As to
Gallatin’s statement that the name of the
Savannahs is dropped after Lawson’s
mention in 1701, we learn from numerous
references, from old records, in Logan’s
Upper South Carolina, published after
Gallatin’s time, that all through the
period of the French and Indian war, 50
years after Lawson wrote, the ‘‘Savan-
nahs’’ were constantly making inroads
on the Carolina frontier, even to the vi-
cinity of Charleston. They are described
as ‘‘northern savages’’ and friends of the
Cherokee, and are undoubtedly the Shaw-
nee. In 1749 Adair, while crossing the
middle of Georgia, fell in with a strong
party of ‘‘the French Shawano,’”’ who
were on their way, under Cherokee guid-
ance, to attack the English traders near
Augusta. After committing some depre-
dations they escaped to the Cherokee.
In another place he speaks of a party of
‘‘Shawano Indians,’’ who, at the instiga-
tion of the French, had attacked a fron-
tier settlement of Carolina, but had been
taken and imprisoned. Through a refer-
ence by Logan it is found that these pris-
oners are called Savannahs in the records
BULL. 30]
of that period. In 1791 Swan mentions
the ‘‘Savannas’’ town among the Creeks,
occupied by ‘‘Shawanese refugees.”’
Having shown that the Savannah and
the Shawnee are the same tribe, it re-
mains to be seen why and when they
removed from South Carolina to the N.
The removal was probably owing to dis-
satisfaction with the English sett.ers, who
seem to have favored the Catawba at the
expense of the Shawnee. Adair, speak-
ing of the latter tribe, says they had for-
merly lived on the Savannah r., ‘‘till by
our foolish measures they were forced
to withdraw northward in defence of
their freedom.’’ In another place he
says, ‘‘by our own misconduct we twice
lost the Shawano Indians, who have since
proved very hurtful to our colonies in
general.’’ The first loss referred to is
probably the withdrawal of the Shawnee
to the N., and the second is evidently
their alliance with the French in conse-
quence of the encroachments of the Eng-
lish in Pennsylvania. Their removal
from South Carolina was gradual, begin-
ning about 1677 and continuing at inter-
vals through a period of more than 30
years. The ancient Shawnee villages for-
merly on the sites of Winchester, Va., and
Oldtown, near Cumberland, Md., were
built and occupied probably during this
migration. It was due mainly to their
losses at the hands of the Catawba, the al-
liesof the English, that they were forced to
abandon their country on the Savannah;
but after the reunion of the tribe in the
N. they pursued their old enemies with
unrelenting vengeance until the Catawba
were almost exterminated. The hatred
cherished by the Shawnee toward the
English is shown by their boast in the
Revolution that they had killed more of
that nation than had any other tribe.
The first Shawnee seem to have re-
moved from South Carolina in 1677 or
1678, when, according to Drake, about 70
families established themselves on the
Susquehanna adjoining the Conestoga in
Lancaster co., Pa., at the mouth of Pequea
cr. Their village was called Pequea, a
form of Piqua. The Assiwikales ( Hatha-
wekela) were a part of the later migra-
tion. This, together with the absence of
the Shawnee names Chillicothe and Me-
quachake x. of the Alleghanies, would
seem to show that the Carolina portion
of the tribe belonged to the first named
divisions. The chief of Pequea was Wa-
patha, or Opessah, who madeatreaty with
Penn at Philadelphia in 1701, and more
than 50 years afterward the Shawnee,
then in Ohio, still preserved a copy of
this treaty. There is no proof that they
had a part in Penn’s first treaty in 1682.
In 1694, by invitation of the Delawares
and their allies, another large party came
from the §8.—probably from Carolina—
SHAW NEE
533
and settled with the Munsee on the Del-
aware, the main body fixing themselves
at the mouth of Lehigh r., near the pres-
ent Easton, Pa., while some went as far
down as the Schuylkill. This party is
said to have numbered about 700, and they
were several months on the journey.
Permission to settle on the Delaware was
granted by the Colonial government on
condition of their making peace with the
Iroquois, who then received them as
‘‘brothers,’’ while the Delawares ac-
knowledged them as their ‘‘second sons,”’
i. e. grandsons. The Shawnee to-day re-
fer to the Delawares as their grandfathers.
From this it is evident that the Shawnee
were never conquered by the Iroquois,
and, in fact, we find the western band a
few years previously assisting the Miami
against the latter. As the Iroquois, how-
ever, had conquered the lands of the
Conestoga and Delawares, on which the
Shawnee settled, the former still claimed
the prior right of domain. Another large
part of the Shawnee probably left South
Carolina about 1707, as appears from a
statement made by Evans in that year
(Day, Penn, 391, 1843), which shows that
they were then hard pressed in the S.
He says: ‘‘During our abode at Peque-
han [Pequea] several of the Shaonois
Indians from ye southward came to settle
here, and were admitted so to do by
Opessah, with the governor’s consent, at
the same time an Indian, from a Shaonois
town near Carclina came in and gave an
account that four hundred and fifty of
the flat-headed Indians [Catawba] had
besieged them, and that in all probability
the same wastaken. Bezallion informed
the governor that the Shaonois of Caro-
lina—he was told—had killed several
Christians; whereupon the government of
that province raised the said flat-headed
Indians, and joined some Christians to
them, besieged and have taken, as it is
thought, the said Shaonois town.’’ Those
who escaped probably fled to the N. and
joined their kindred in Pennsylvania.
In 1708 Goy. Johnson, of South Carolina,
reported the ‘‘Savannahs’’ on Savannah
r. as occupying 3 villages and numbering
about 150 men (Johnson in Rivers, 8. C.,
236, 1856). In 1715 the ‘‘Savanos’’ still
in Carolina were reported to live 150 m.
N. w. of Charleston, and still to occupy 3
villages, but with only 233 inhabitants in
all. The Yuchi and Yamasee were also
then in the same neighborhood (Barn-
well, 1715, in Rivers, Hist. S. C., 94, 1874).
A partof those whohad comefrom theS.
in1694 had joined the Mahican and become
a partofthat tribe. Those who had settled
on the Delaware, after remaining there
some years, removed to the Wyoming val-
ley on the Susquehanna and established
themselves in a village on the w. bank near
the present Wyoming, Pa. Itis probable
534
that they were joined here by that part
of the tribe which had settled at Pequea,
which was abandoned about 1730. When
the Delawares and Munsee were forced to
leave the Delaware r. in 1742 they also
moved over to the Wyoming valley, then
in possession of the Shawnee, and built a
village on the 5. bank of the river oppo-
site that occupied by the latter tribe. In
1740 the Quakers began work among the
Shawnee at Wyoming and were followed
two years later by the Moravian Zinzen-
dorf. Asa result of this missionary labor
the Shawnee on the Susquehanna re-
mained neutral for some time during the
French and Indian war, which began in
1754, while their brethren on the Ohio
were active allies of the French. About
the year 1755 or 1756, in consequence of
a quarrel with the Delawares, said to
have been caused by a childish dispute
over a grasshopper, the Shawnee aban-
doned the Susquehanna and joined the
rest of their tribe on the upper waters of
the Ohio, where they soon became allies
of the French. Some of the eastern
Shawnee had already joined those on the
Ohio, probably in small parties and at
different times, for in the report of the
Albany congress of 1754 it is found that
some of that tribe had removed from
Pennsylvania to the Ohio about 30 years
previously, and in 1735 a Shawnee band
known as Shaweygria (Hathawekela),
consisting of about 40 families, described
as living with the other Shawnee on Alle-
gheny r., refused to return to the Susque-
hanna at the solicitation of the Delawares
and Iroquois. The only clue in regard to
the number of these eastern Shawnee is
Drake’s statement that in 1732 there were
700 Indian warriors in Pennsylvania, of
whom half were Shawnee from the S8.
This would give them a total population
of about 1,200, which is probably too
high, unless those on the Ohio are in-
cluded in the estimate.
Having shown the identity of the Sa-
vannah with the Shawnee, and followed
their wanderings from Savannah r. to the
Ohio during a period of about 80 years,
it remains to trace the history of the
other, and apparently more numerous,
division upon the Cumberland, who pre-
ceded the Carolina band in the region of
the upper Ohior., and seem never to have
crossed the Alleghanies to the eastward.
These western Shawnee may possibly
be the people mentioned in the Jesuit
Relation of 1648, under the name of
‘‘Ouchaouanag,’’ in connection with the
Mascoutens, who lived in n. Illinois. In
the Relation of 1670 we find the ‘‘Chaoua-
non’’ mentioned as having visited the II-
linois the preceding year, and they are
described as living some distance to the
s. E. of the latter. From this period until
SHAWNEE
[B. A. B.
their removal to the N. they are fre-
quently mentioned by the French writers,
sometimes under some form of the col-
lective Iroquois name Toagenha, but gen-
erally under their Algonquian name
Chaouanon. La Harpe, about 1715, called
them Tongarois, another form of Toa-
genha. All these writers concur in the
statement that they lived upon a large
southern branch of the Ohio, at no great
distance gE. of the Mississippi. This was
the Cumberland r. of Tennessee and Ken-
tucky, which is called the River of the
Shawnee on all the old maps down to
about the year 1770. When the French
traders first came into the region the
Shawnee had their principal village on
that river near the present Nashville,
Tenn. They seem also to have ranged
northeastward to Kentucky r. and south-
ward to the Tennessee. it will thus
be seen that they were not isolated from
the great body of the Algonquian tribes,
as has frequently been represented to
have been the case, but simply occupied
an interior position, adjoining the kindred
Illinois and Miami, with whom they kept
up constant communication. As previ-
ously mentioned, the early maps plainly
distinguish these Shawnee on the Cum-
berland from the other division of the
tribe on Savannah r.
These western Shawnee are mentioned
about the year 1672 as being harassed by
the Iroquois, and also as allies and neigh-
bors of the Andaste, or Conestoga, who
were themselves at war with the Iroquois.
As the Andaste were then incorrectly
supposed to live on the upper waters of
the Ohio r., the Shawnee would natu-
rally be considered their neighbors. The
two tribes were probably in alliance
against the Iroquois, as we find that when
the first body of Shawnee removed from
South Carolina to Pennsylvania, about
1678, they settled adjoining the Cones-
toga, and when another part of the same
tribe desired to remove to the Delaware
in 1694 permission was granted on condi-
tion that they make peace with the Iro-
quois. Again, in 1684, the Iroquois justi-
fied their attacks on the Miami by assert-
ing that the latter had invited the Satanas
(Shawnee) into their country to make
war upon the Iroquois. This is the first
historic mention of the Shawnee—evi-
dently the western division—in the coun-
try nN. of the Ohio r. As the Cumber-
land region was out of the usual course
of exploration and settlement, but few
notices of the western Shawnee are
found until 1714, when the French trader
Charleville established himself among ,
them near the present Nashville. They
were then gradually leaving the country
in small bodies in consequence of a war
with the Cherokee, their formerallies, who
BULL. 30]
were assisted by the Chickasaw. From the
statement of Iberville in 1702 (Margry,
Déc., tv, 519, 1880) it seems that this
was due to the latter’s efforts to bring
them more closely under French infiu-
ence. It is impossible now to learn the
cause of the war between the Shawnee
and the Cherokee. It probably did not
begin until after 1707, the year of the
final expulsion of the Shawnee from
South Carolina by the Catawba, as there
is no evidence to show that the Cherokee
took part in that struggle. From Shaw-
nee tradition the quarrel with the Chick-
asaw would seem to be of older date.
After the reunion of the Shawnee in the
N. they secured the alliance of the Dela-
wares, and the two tribes turned against
the Cherokee until the latter were com-
pelled to ask peace, when the old friend-
ship was renewed. Soon after the com-
ing of Charleville, in 1714, the Shaw-
nee finally abandoned the Cumberland
valley, being pursued to the last moment
by the Chickasaw. In a council held at
Philadelphia in 1715 with the Shawnee
and Delawares, the former, ‘‘ who live at
a great distance,’’ asked the friendship
of the Pennsylvania government. These
are evidently the same who about this
time were driven from their home on
Cumberland r. On Moll’s map of 1720
we find this region marked as occupied
by the Cherokee, while ‘‘ Savannah Old
Settlement’’ is placed at the mouth of
the Cumberland, indicating that the re-
moval of the Shawnee had then been
completed. They stopped for some time
at various points in Kentucky, and per-
hapsalsoat Shawneetown, II1., butfinally,
about the year 1730, collected along the
Nn. bank of the Ohio r., in Ohioand Penn-
sylvania, extending from the Allegheny
down to the Scioto. Sawcunk, Logs-
town, and Lowertown were probably
built about this time. The land thus oc-
cupied was claimed by the Wyandot, who
granted permission to the Shawnee to
settle upon it, and many years afterward
threatened to dispossess them if they
continued hostilities against the United
States. They probably wandered for some
time in Kentucky, which was practically
a part of their own territory and not oc-
cupied by any other tribe. Blackhoof
(Catahecassa), one of their most celebrated
chiefs, was born during this sojourn in a
village near the present Winchester, Ky.
Down to the treaty of Greenville, in 1795,
Kentucky wasthe favorite hunting ground
of thetribe. In1748 the Shawnee on the
Ohio were estimated to number 162 war-
riors or about 600 souls. A few years
later they were joined by their kindred
from the Susquehanna, and the two
bands were united for the first time in
history. There is no evidence that the
SHAWNEE
535
western band, asa body, ever crossed to
the z. side of the mountains. The nature
of the country and the fear of the Catawba
would seem to have forbidden such a
movement, aside from the fact that their
eastern brethren were already beginning
to feel the pressure of advancing civili-
zation. The most natural line of migra-
tion was the direct route to the upper
Ohio, where they had the protection of
the W yandot and Miami, and were within
easy reach of the French.
For a long time an intimate connection
existed between the Creeks and the
Shawnee, and a body of the latter, under
the name of Sawanogi, was permanently
incorporated with the Creeks. These
may have been the ones mentioned by
Pénicaut as living in the vicinity of Mobile
about 1720. Bartram (Travels, 464,
1792), in 1773, mentioned this band
among the Creeks and spoke of the re-
semblance of their language to that of
the Shawnee, without knowing that they
were a part of the same tribe. The war
in the N. W. after the close of the Revo-
lution drove still more of the Shawnee to
take refuge with the Creeks. In 1791
they had 4 villages in the Creek country,
near the site of Montgomery, Ala., the
principal being Sawanogi. A great many
also joined the hostile Cherokee about
the same time. As these villages are not
named in the list of Creek towns in 1832
it is possible that their inhabitants may
have joined the rest of their tribe in the
W. before that period. There is no good
evidence for the assertion by some writers
that the Suwanee in Florida took its name
from a band of Shawnee once settled upon
its banks.
The history of the Shawnee after their
reunion on the Ohio is well known as a
part of the history of the Northwest ter-
ritory, and may be dismissed with brief
notice. Fora period of 40 years—from
the beginning of the French and Indian
war to the treaty of Greenville in 1795—
they were almost constantly at war with
the English or the Americans, and dis-
tinguished themselves as the most hostile
tribe in that region. Most of the expe-
ditions sent across the Ohio during the
Revolutionary period were directed
against the Shawnee, and most of the de-
struction on the Kentucky frontier was
the work of the same tribe. When driven
back from the Scioto they retreated to
the head of the Miami r., from which the
Miami had withdrawn some years before.
After the Revolution, finding themselves
left without the assistance of the British,
large numbers joined the hostile Chero-
kee and Creeks in the 8S., while a con-
siderable body accepted the invitation of
the Spanish government in 1793 and set-
tled, together with some Delawares, on a
536
tract near Cape Girardeau, Mo., between
the Mississippi and the Whitewater rs.,
in what was then Spanish territory.
Wayne’s victory, followed by the treaty
of Greenville in 1795, put an end to the
long war in the Ohio valley. The Shaw-
nee were obliged to give up their terri-
tory on the Miami in Ohio, and retired
to the headwaters of the Auglaize. The
more hostile part of the tribe crossed the
Mississippi and joined those living at Cape
Girardeau. In 1798 a part of those in
Ohio settled on White r. in Indiana,
by invitation of the Delawares. A few
years later a Shawnee medicine-man,
Tenskwatawa, (q. v.), known as The
Prophet, the brother of the celebrated
Tecumseh (q. v.), began to preach a new
doctrine among the various tribes of that
region. His followers rapidly increased
and established themselves in a village
at the mouth of the Tippecanoe r. in
Indiana. It soon became evident that
his intentions were hostile, and a force
was sent against him under Gen. Harri-
son in 1811, resulting in the destruction
of the village and the total defeat of the
Indians in the decisive battle of Tippe-
canoe. Tecumseh was among the Creeks
at the time, endeavoring to secure their
aid against the United States, and re-
turned in time to take command of the
N. W. tribes in the British interest in the
War of 1812. The Shawnee in Missouri,
who formed about half of the tribe, are
said to have had no part in this strug-
gle. By the death of Tecumseh in this
war the spirit of the Indian tribes was
broken, and most of them accepted terms
of peace soon after. The Shawnee in
Missouri sold their lands in 1825 and re-
moved to a reservation in Kansas. A
large part of them had previously gone
to Texas, where they settled on the head-
waters of the Sabine r., and remained
there until driven out about 1839 (see
Cherokee). The Shawnee of Ohio sold
their remaining lands at Wapakoneta and
Hog Creek in 1831, and joined those in
Kansas. The mixed band of Seneca and
Shawnee at Lewistown, Ohio, also re-
moved to Kansas about the same time.
A large part of the tribe left Kansas
about 1845 and settled on Canadian r.,
Indian Ter. (Oklahoma), where they are
now known as Absentee Shawnee. In
1867 the Shawnee living with the Seneca
removed also from Kansas to the Territory
and are now known as Eastern Shawnee.
In 1869, by intertribal agreement, the
main body became incorporated with the
Cherokee Nation in the present Okla-
homa, where they are now residing.
Those known as Black Bob’s band re-
fused to remove from Kansas with the
others, but have since joined them.
The Shawnee have 5 divisions, which
may be regarded as phratries, or perhaps
SHAWNEE
[B. A. E.
as originally distinct tribes, and the mem-
bers of these divisions occupied different
sides of the council house in their public
assemblies. TheirnamesareChilahcahtha
(Chillicothe), Kispokotha (Kispogogi),
Spitotha (Mequachake?) , Bicowetha ( Pi-
qua), and Assiwikale (Hathawekela).
The villages of the tribe have generally _
taken their names from these divisions.
The Woketamosi division mentioned by
Heckewelder is probably one of these,
but is not the Piqua.
According to Morgan (Ane. Soc., 168,
1877) the Shawnee have 13 clans, as fol-
lows: M’-wa-wii’, wolf; Ma-gwii’, loon;
M’-kwii’, bear; We-wii/-see, buzzard;
M’-se’-pa-se, panther; M’-ath-wa/, owl;
Pa-la-wii’, turkey; Psake-the’, deer; Sha-
pi-tai’, raccoon; Na-ma-thi’, turtle; Ma-
na-to’, snake; Pe-sa-wii’, horse; Pi-tiike-
e-no-the’, rabbit. The Turtle clan occu-
pies an important place in their mytho-
logic traditions. Ata conference in 1793
the Shawnee signed with thesnake totem.
The early estimates of the numbers of
the Shawnee are only partial, owing to
the fact that the tribe was not united.
The highest estimate given is that of
1817, which places them at 2,000 souls.
Others are 1,750 (1732); 1,000 (1736);
1,500 (1759, 1765, 1778, 1783, 1794, 1812);
1,900 on Auglaize r. (1794); 1,600 (1812;
one-half in Missouri). In 1909 the East-
ern Shawnee numbered 107; the Absentee
Shawnee 481; and those incorporated
with the Cherokee Nation about 800,
making, with a few individuals, resident
Cherokee, a present total of about 1,400
for the tribe, a considerable decrease in
the last twenty years.
The following were the Shawnee vil-
lages so far as recorded: Bulltown, Cata-
wissa, Chillicothe (several), Conedogwi-
nit, Cornstalk’s Town, Girty’s Town,
Grenadier Squaw’s Town, Hog Creek, Ka-
goughsage, Kickenapawling, Lewistown
(with Mingos), Lick Town(?), Logstown
(with others), Long Tail, Lowertown,
Mequachake (several), Nawake(?), Old
Shawnee Town, Peixtan(?), Pigeon Town,
Piqua ( Pequea; several), Prophet’s Town,
- Sawanogi, Scoutash, Shawneetown (IIl.),
Sonnioto, Standing Stone, Tippecanoe,
Wapakoneta, Will’s Town. (3. M.)
Ani’-Sawanu’gi.—Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E.,
509,1900 (Cherokee name). Cacahouanous.—Joutel
(1687) in French, Hist. Coll. La., 1, 185, 1846 (iden-
tical?). Cawala.—Dorsey, inf’n, 1886 (Sioux name
for the Shawnee; applied also to a Teton division
descended from an adopted Shawnee chief; c=sh).
Cawana.—Dorsey, Dhegiha MS. dict., 1878; Osage
MS. vocab., 1883, B. A. E. (Omaha, Ponca, and
Osage name; c=sh). Chaganons.—Tonti (ca. 1680)
in French, Hist. Coll. La., I, 69, 1846 (misprint).
Chaguanos.—Alegre, Hist. Comp. Jesus, I, 336, 1841
(Spanish form). Chanousanons.—Letter of 1756 in
N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., X, 469, 1858 (misprint).
Chaonanons.—Domenech, Deserts, I, 440, 1860 (mis-
print). Chaoni.—Vater, Mith., pt. 3, sec. 3, 351,
1816. Chaouannons.—Montreal Conf. (1756) in
N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., x, 506, 1858. Chaowanon.—
Gravier (1670) in Jes. Rel., 111, 91, 1858. Chaoua-
BULL. 30]
nong.—Jes. Rel. 1672, 25, 1858. Chaouanonronon.—
Charlevoix, Hist. Nouy. France, Shea trans., II,
175, note, 1868. Cha8anons,—Denonville (1688) in
N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., 1x, 383,1855. Chaouanos.—
La Tour map, 1782. Chaoitianoiia.—Gravier (1700)
uoted by Shea, Early Voy., 120, 1861.
haouans.—Hind, Lab. Penin., I, 5, 1863 (identi-
cal?). Chaouennons.—Lamberville (1684) in N.Y.
Doe. Col. Hist., 1x, 226, 1855. Chaouenon.,—
Hennepin, Cont. of New Discoy., 34, 1698.
Chaouens. —Ibid., 17. Chaounons. — Montcalm
(1757) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., x, 554, 1858. Chaou-
oinons. — Vaudreuil (1760), ibid., x, 1094, 1858.
Chaovanons.—Crepy, map, ca. 1755. Chaovenon,—
Hennepin, Cont. of New Discov., 48a, 1698.
Chaowanons.—d’ Abbadie (1765) in N. Y. Doe. Col.
Hist., X, 1160, 1858. Charanons.—Shea, Rel. M.
Miss., 28,1861 (misprint). Chasunous.—MclIntosh,
Origin N. Am. Inds., 201, 1853 (misprint). Chaua-
nons.—Doc. of 1668 quoted by French, Hist. Coll.
La., 11, 137, 1875. Chauenese.—Colden (1764) in
N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vir, 624, 1856. Chauenous.—
Chauvignerie (1736) quoted by Schoolcraft, Ind.
Tribes, 111, 555, 1853. Chaunis.—Vater, Mith., pt.
8, sec. 3, 351, 1816. Chaunys.—Ann. de la Prop. de
la Foi, u, 380, 1841. Chavanons.—Alcedo, Dic.
Geog., 11, 630, 1787. Chavouanons.—Sheldon, Early
Hist. Mich., 228, 1856. Chawanoes.—Coxe, Caro-
lana, 12, 1741. Chawanons.—Doc. of 1759 in N. Y.
Doe. Col. Hist., x, 974, 1858. Chawenons.—Vau-
dreuil (1758, incorrectly 1759), ibid., 925. Cherer-
mons.—Lamberville (1686), trans., ibid., 111, 488,
1853 (probably a misreading by the translator).
Chiouanons.—Gallinée (1669) in Margry, Déc., I,
116, 1875. Chonanons.—Céloron (1749) in Rupp,
West. Pa., 36, 1846 (misprint). Chouanongs.—
Boudinot, Star in the West, 126, 1816. Chouanons.—
Iberville (1702) in Margry, Déc., Iv, 519, 1880.
Chouanous.—Vaugondy map, 1778. Chouenons.—
Memoir of 1706 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 1x, 799,
1855. Chouesnons.—La Salle (1681) in Margry,
Déc., 11, 159, 1877. Chuanoes.—Albany Conf. (1722)
in N. Y. Doce. Col. Hist., v, 675, 1855. Chuoanous.—
Marquette (ca.1673), Discov., 341, 1698. Ontwa-
ganha.—For forms of this name, applied to the
Shawnee, see Ontwaganha. Oshawanoag.—Tan-
ner, Narr., 315, 1830 (Ottawa name). Ouchaoua-
nag.—Jes. Rel. 1648, XX XIII, 151, 1898 (possibly
identical). Ouchawanag.—Smith in Hist. Mag.,
Ist s., X, 1, 1866. Sabanoes.—MS. Doc. of 1835 in
Texas State archives. Saguanés.—MS. Doc. of
1832 in Texas State archives (Spanish form).
Sah-wau-noo.—Macauley, N. Y., 11, 166, 1829. San-
tanas.—Drake, Tecumseh, 9-11, 1852 (misprint for
Satanas). Sarannahs.—Archdaile (1707) quoted
by Carroll, Hist. Coll. S. C., 0, 89, 1836 (misprint
forSavannahs). Sarannas.—Archdale misquoted
by Oldmixon (1708) in Carroll, ibid., 458. Sa-
tanas.—Colden (1727), Five Nations, 23, 1747 (per-
haps a misprint for Sabanas). Satans.—Rutten-
ber, Tribes Hudson R., 181, 1872. Sauouans.—Ma-
cauley, N. Y., 11,180,1829. Sauounons.—Ibid., 114.
Sau-va-no-gee.—Hawkins (1799), Sketch, 25, 1848.
Sauwanew.—Map of 1614in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,
I, 1856 (here used asa collective term for the tribes
on the Delaware s.of Manhattan id.). Sauwan-
ous.—Alcedo, Dic. Geog., Iv, 525, 1788 (the Shaw-
nee town with the Creeks) Sau-wa-no-gee, —
Hawkins (1799), Sketch, 34, 1848 (applied more
particularly to the Shawnee town incorporated
with the Creeks). Savanahs,—Homann Heirs
map, ca. 1730 (in Carolina). Savanaus.—Soc. Geog.
Mex., 268, 1870. Savannahs.—Johnson (1708) in
Rivers, S. C,, 236, 1856. Savannas.—Lawson (1709),
Hist. Car., 75, 1860 (applied also to the Maskegon;
on Lattré’s U. S. map of 1784 applied to the Shaw-
nee among the Creeks). Savannechers. —Hay-
wood, Tenn., 222, 1823. Savannehers.—Ibid., 223.
Savannuca(s).—Bartram, Trav., 461-464, 1792 (the
Shawnee band and town incorporated with the
Creeks). Savanoes.—Drake, Tecumseh, 11-12, 1852.
Savanore.—Randolph (1689) in Rivers, S. C., 448,
- 1856 (‘‘the Savanore Town” on Savannah r.).
Savanos,—Early Dutch writers cited by Ruttenber,
Tribes Hudson R., 333, 1872 (here used as a collect-
ive term for the tribes s. of Manhattan id. On
page 51 Ruttenber quotes the form as Savanoos.
The same form is used for the Shawnee on Savan-
nah r, in 1715 by Barnwell (1715) in Rivers, Early
Hist. S. C., 94. 1874). Sawala,—Riggs-Dorsey, Da-
SHAWNEE
537
kota-Eng. Dict., 441, 1890 (Sioux, i. e. Teton Sioux
name). Sawana,—Latiré map, 1784 (old Shawnee
village on upper Potomac). Sawanee.— Drake,
Bk. Inds., bk. 56, 68, 1848. Sawanees.—Putnam,
Mid. Tenn., 365, 1859. Sawano,—Gatschet, Shaw-
nee and Tonkawa MSS., B. A. E., 1884 (correct
Shawnee form; plural, Sawandgi. The Tonkawa
use the same name for the tribe, and also for the
Delawares, because the two tribes live together).
Sawandgi.—Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., 1, 143, 1884
(Creek form, applied more particularly to the
Shawnee town incorporated with the Creeks).
Sa-wd-no’-o-no,—Morgan, League Iroq., 268, 1851
(Seneca name). Sawanoos.—De Laet (1633) in
Brinton, Lenape Leg., 31, 1885 (used not asa tribal,
but as a collective term for the Indians living
then on Delaware r. southward from Manhattan
id.). Sawanos.—Barton, New Views, xxxii, 1798.
Sawa’/nu-haka.—Gatschet, Tuscarora MS., 1885
(Tuscarora name). Sa-wa-nu/-ka.—ten Kate,
Synonymie, 11, 1884 (Cherokee name). Sa-wan-
wa.—Smith, Memoir of Fontaneda, 33, 47, 1854
(given as their own name; pl. Sa-wan-wa ki).
Sa-wan-wa-kee.—Morgan, Consang. and Affin.,
288, 1871. Sawonocas.—Creek talk (1798)in Am. St.
Papers, Ind. Aff., 1, 383, 1832. Sa-wii-no-ki.—Gray-
son, Creek MS. vocab., B.A. E., 1885 (Creek name).
Sawwanew.—Map of 1614 cited by Brinton, Len-
ape Leg., 30, 1885 (used locally to designate the
Indians on Delaware r., southward from Manhat-
tanid.). Sawwannoo,—Barton, New Views, xxxii,
1798. Sawwanoo.—Vater, Mith., pt. 3, sec. 3, 349,
1816. Schaouanos.—Duflot de Mofras, Oregon, 1,
379, 1844. Schavanna.—Albany Conf. (1737) in N.
Y. Doe. Col. Hist., v1, 103, 1855. Schaveno.—Ibid.,
99. Schawanese.—Gtissefeld, map, 1784. Schawan-
no.—Heckewelder (1798) in Barton, New Views,
app., 3, 1798. Scha,wan,ooes.—Clinton (1750) in
N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., v1, 548, 1855. Schawenoes.—
Albany Conf. (1737), ibid., 105. Schawenons,—Ann.
de la Prop. de la Foi, 111, 569, 1828. Schawnoah.—
La Tour map,1779. Serannas.—Hewatt quoted
by Gallatin in Trans. Am. Antiq. Soc., II, 66, 1836
(misprint for Savannas). Sewanne,— Putnam,
Mid. Tenn., 365, 1859. Shamanese.—La Tour map,
1782 (misprint: ‘‘Old Shamanese Town,”’ about
opposite Wyoming, Pa.). Shanaws.— Homann
Heirsmap,1756. Shannoahs.—Washington (1753),
Jour., 21, 1865. Shanoas.—Ibid. Shanwans,. —
Schuyler (1694) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., rv, 98,
1854, Shaonois.—Evans (1707) in Day, Penn.,
391, 1843. Shaononons.—Boudinot, Star in the
West, 100, 1816. Shauanos.—Smith in Beach,
Ind. Miscel., 120, 1877. Shaunas.—Croghan (1760)
in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., 1x, 246, 1871.
Shauwaunoes.—Brainerd (1746) in Day, Penn.,
526, 1843. Shavanos.—Post (1758) in Proud, Pa.
II, app., 129, 1798. Shaw.—Vater, Mith., pt. 3,
sec. 3, 247, 1816 (mistake?). Shawahahs.—Living-
ston (1717) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,v, 486, 1855 (the
Shawnees seem to be designated). Shawana,—
Lewney (ca. 1760) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll.,4ths., v,
437, 1861. Shawanahaac.—Doc. of 1788 quoted by
Mayer, Logan and Cresap, 67, 1867. Shawanahs.—
Lindesay (1751) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vr. 706,
1855. Shawanapi.—Squier in Beach, Ind. Miscel.,
29, 1877. Shawanaws.—Dalton (1783) in Mass.
Hist. Soc. Coll., 1st s., X, 123, 1809. Shawane.—
Croghan (1754) in Rupp, West. Pa., app., 51, 1846
(‘Lower Shawanetown’’). Shawanees,—Rec-
ords (1751) in Day, Penn., 525,1848. Shawaneise,—
Johnson (1757) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., vir, 279,
1856. Shawanese.—Penn. Records (1701) in Day,
Penn., 390, 1843. Shawanesse.—Proud, Pa., II,
296, 1798. Shawaneu.—Gallatin in Drake, Te-
cumseh, 9, 1852. Shawanies.—Campbell (1761)
in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., 1x, 4238, 1871.
Shawanna.—Penn’s Treaty (1701) in Proud, Pa.,
I, 428, 1797. Shawannohs,—Quoted by Brinton,
from Smith’s Fontaneda, in Hist. Mag., Ist s.,
xX, 1, 1866. Shawannos.—Vater, Mith., pt. 3,
sec. 8, 245, 1816. Shdwano-Algonkins.—Gatschet,
Creek Migr. Leg., I, 143, 1884. Shawanoes.—Doc.
of 1692 in Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 180-181,
1872. Shawanewese.—Brown, West. Gaz., 289, 1817.
Shawanese.— Ibid., 326. Shawanoh.—Adair, Am.
Inds., 155, 1775. Shawanois.—Penn. Records(1707)
in Day, Penn., 391, 1843. Shawanons.—De Smet,
Letters, 38, 1843. Shawanos.—Gatschet, Creek
Migr. Leg., I, 148, 1884 (applied to the settlement
538
among the Creeks). Shawano’s,—Ft Johnson
Conf. (1756) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vil, 214, 1856.
Shawanose.—Loskiel, Hist. Miss. Unit. Breth., pt.
1,2,1794. Shawanous.—McKenney and Hall, Ind.
Tribes, III, 79, 1854. Shawanowi.—Walam Olum
(1833) in Brinton, Lenape Leg., 204, 1885.
Shawans.—Schuyler (ca.1693) in Ruttenber, Tribes
Hudson R., 180-181, 1872. Shawenoes,—Albany
Conf. (1737) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., v1, 107,
1855. Shawnees.—Stuart (1775) in Gibbes, Doc.
Hist. Am. Rey., I, 160, 1855. Shawneese.—Camp-
bell (1761) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., 1x,
424, 1871. Shawnese.—Croghan (1750) in Rupp,
West. Pa., app., 28, 1846. Shawnesse.—Croghan
(1765) in Monthly Am. Jour. Geog., 257, 1831.
Shawneys.—Cowley (1775) in Archives of Md.,
Journal of the Md. Convention, 94, 1892.
Shawno,—Mandrillon, Spectateur Américain,
map, 1785. Shawnoah.—Morse, N. Am., map, 1798.
Shawnoes.—Esnauts and Rapilly map, 1777. Sha-
wonese.—Thomas (1745) in Rupp, West. Pa.,
app., 24, 1846. Shawoniki.—Rafinesque, Am. Na-
tions, I, 139, 1886 (Delaware name). Shawonoes.—
Pike, Tray., 102, 1811. Shaw-un-oag.—Warren
(1852) in Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., v, 32, 1885.
Showammers.—New York Conf. (1753) in N. Y.
Doc. Col. Hist., v1, 782, 1855. Showanhoes,—Liv-
ingston (1711), ibid., v, 272, 1855. Showannees,—
Clarkson (1694), ibid., Iv, 90, 1854. Showannoes,—
Clarkson (1693), ibid., 48. Showanoes.—Schuyler
(1694), ibid., 96. Showonese.—Weiser (1748) in
Rupp, West. Pa., app., 14, 1846. Showonoes.—Liv-
ingston (1700) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., Iv, 651, 1854.
Shwanoes.—Castor Hill Treaty (1832) in U. S. Ind.
Treaties, 377, 1873. Sirinueses.—Barcia, Ensayo,
313, 1723 (probably identical). Sowanakas,—
Woodward, Remin., 94, 1859. Sowanokas.—Ibid.,
25. Sowanokees. —Ibid.,29. Sow-on-no, — Whip-
ple, Pac. R. R. Rep., UI, pt. 3, 61, 1856 (pl. Sow-
on-o-ki). Suwanoes.—De Laet (1683) in Vater,
Mith., pt. 3, see. 3, 349, 1816 (used here as a col-
lective name for the tribes southward from Man-
hattan id.). Toagenha.—For forms of this name
as applied to the Shawnee, see Ontwaganha.
Shawnee Cabins. A prominent landmark
on the traders’ trail between Rays Town
(Bedford, Pa.) and the Ohio r. in the 18th
century, situated 8 m. w. of the site of
Bedford and not far from the present
Schellburg. It was first settled by the
Shawnee as they came northward from
the Potomac early in the 18th century,
and was a well-known point on the In-
dian trail when the traders of Pennsylva-
nia commenced to visit the Ohio. James
Le Tort was perhaps the first trader to go
westward over this route, having tray-
ersed it as early as 1701; in 1712 he was
granted a license as a trader by the Pro-
vincial Council (Col. Rec. Pa., 11, 562,
1852). Conrad Weiser passed through
in 1748 on his way to Logstown (ibid.,
v, 348, 1851). The locality is noted
on all early maps of Pennsylvania and
is mentioned in nearly all the traders’
journals. (G. P. D.)
Shawana Cabbins.—John Harris (1754) in Arch. Pa.,
II, 135, 1852. Shawane Cabbins.—Scull map, 1759.
Shawanoe Cabbins.—Hutchins map, 1764. Shawo-
meee Cabbins.—Weiser (1748) in Arch. Pa., I, 13,
1852.
Shawnee haw. A North Carolina name
for the possum haw, Viburnum nudum.
Shawnee Prophet. See Tenskwatawa.
Shawnee salad. The leaves of Hydro-
phyllum macrophyllum, which are eaten
as ‘‘greens’’ in the W. in early spring.
Shawneetown. A Shawnee village on
the w. bank of the Ohio r., about the
present Shawneetown, Gallatin co., Ll.
SHAWNEE CABINS—SHECOMECO
[B. A. E.
‘Putnam (Mid. Tenn., 365, 1859) says the
tribe occupied it after being driven from
Cumberland r. by the Chickasaw. It
was situated within the limits of the ter-
ritory ceded by the Piankashaw to the
U.S. by the Vincennes treaty of Dec. 30,
1805, but was already abandoned at the
time of Croghan’s visit in 1765.
Old Shawnesse Village.—Croghan (1765) in
Thwaites, Early West. Trav., I, 136, 1904. Shawa-
nee town.—Cuming, Tour, 241, 1810.
Shawneetown. A small settlement be-
tween Sayre, Pa., and Waverly, N. Y.,
occupied a short time by a few Shawnee
families.
Town of Shawnee.—Proc. Wyo. Hist. and Geol.
Soc., 1X, 203, 1905.
Shawnee wood.
Catalpa speciosa.
Shawomet (‘neck of land’). A former
village of the Wampanoag near the pres-
ent Somerset, Bristol co., Mass.
Mishawomet. — Drake, Ind. Chron., 157, 1836.
Mshawomet.—Holden (1643) in Mass. Hist. Soe.
Coll., 3d s., I, 6, 1825. Shawamet.—Barber, Hist.
Coll., 189, 1889. Shewamett.—Cole (1670) in Mass.
Hist. Soe. Coll., Ist s., VI, 211, 1800. Showamet.—
Hazard, ibid., 2d s., v1, 507, 1815.
Shawomet. A former village of the Nar-
raganset near the present Warwick, Kent
Cor, Reels
Mishowomett.—Williams (1658) in R. I. Col. Rec., I,
391, 1856. Shaomet.—Hubbard (1680)in Mass. Hist.
Soe. Coll., 2d s., VI, 507, 1815. Shawomet.—Warner
(1644) in R. I. Col. Ree., I, 140, 1856. Shawomut.—
Jones, Ind. Bul., 16, 1867. Showomut.—Arnold
(1651) in R. 1. Coll. Ree., 1, 234, 1856.
Shaya. The Squirrel clan of the Yuchi,
ave
Caya.—Speck, Yuchi Inds., 70, 1909 (e=sh).
Shaytee’s Village (She’-te, ‘pelican’.—
Gerard). A former village, probably Pota-
watomi, named from a chief, on Fox r.,
Ill., on a tract of land sold in 1888.
She. A prehistoric ruined pueblo of
the compact, communal type, situated
about 5 m.s. of Galisteo, in Santa Fé co.,
N. Mex. The Tano claim that it was a
village of their tribe.
Pueblo de Shé.—Bandelier in Ritch, N. Mex., 201,
1885. Shé.—Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, Iv,
106, 1892.
Sheaksh (‘new water’). A Niskavillage
site on the s. bank of Nass r., Brit. Col.,
5 m. above the canyon, at the mouth of
a stream that came into existence after
the eruption that is visible at this point.
Several modern fishing houses mark the
site. (a. T. BE.)
Shecalamy. See Shikellamy.
Shecarachweschgue. See Sequidongquee.
Shecomeco (‘great village,’ from kitchi
‘great,’ ‘superior,’ comoco ‘land’ with
definite boundaries, hence ‘settlement,’
‘house,’ etc.—Gerard). A village be-
longing to the Wawyachtonoe division
of the Mahican, situated about 2 m. s. of
the present Pine Plains, Dutchess co.,
N. Y. The Moravians established a mis-
sion there in 1740, but in 1746 the Indians
removed to Friedenshuetten, and after-
ward to Gnadenhuetten.
A western name for
BULL. 30]
Chic’/omi’co.—Trumbull, Ind. Names Conn., 66,
1881, Chi/-cd-mi’-co.—Connolley in Heckewelder,
Narr., 117, 1907 (Indian pronunciation). Shaco-
mico.—Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 86. 1872.
Shecomeco.—Inscription (1746) quoted by Rupp,
Northampton Co., 82, 1845. Shecomeka.—Hecke-
welder (1740-1808), Narr., 117, 1907. Shekomeko.—
Loskiel, Hist. Miss. Unit. Breth., pt. 2, 9, 1794.
Shicomiko.—Trumbull, op. cit., 67. :
Shediac. A Micmac village or band in
1670 at the present Shediac, on the £.
coast of New Brunswick.
Chedaik.— Vaudreuil (1755) in N. Y. Doe. Col.
Hist., x, 359, 1858. Gediak.— Frye (1760) in Mass.
Hist. Soc. Coll., 1st s., x, 115, 1809. Jediuk.—
Stiles (1761), ibid., 116.
Sheethltunne ((Ce-%¢l-jéimn?). A band or
village of the Chastacosta on the n. bank
of Rogue r., Oreg.; or perhaps the Tak-
elma village on the opposite bank.—Dor-
sey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 1, 254, 1890.
Shegoashkwu. The Yurok name of a
Karok village below Orleans Bar, Kla-
math r., N. w. Cai.
Shehees. A band, probably of the Cala-
pooya, mentioned by Ross (Advent., 236,
1849).
Sheheké, Shekeke. See Shahaka.
Shekallamy, Shekellamy. See
lamy.
Shell, Shellwork. Shell was a favorite
material with the aborigines all over
America for the manufacture of imple-
ments, utensils, and ornaments; and
shells in their natural state or merely
notched or perforated for attachment
were, on account of their beauty of form
and color (Marginella, Olivella, Natica,
etc.), extensively used for personal em-
bellishment. Among the tribes n. of
Shikel-
SPOON OF UNIO SHELL;
OHIO
Cup MADE OF CONCH
ituinois (1-6)
SHELL;
Mexico clam and mussel shells ( Venus,
Mya, Anodon, Unio, etc.) served for cups
and spoons, were hafted for scraping
and digging, and worked up into fish-
hooks, knives, and other minor imple-
ments. The large conchs (Strombus,
Cassis, Fulgur, etc.) were used as drink-
ing vessels after the interior portions had
been removed, «and in Florida they were
hafted as clubs and picks. In many sec-
tions the thick walls were cut up to be
shaped by tedious processes of scraping,
grinding, and drilling with stone tools
into celts, adzes, gouges, scrapers, and
plummets. Ornaments of shell were ex-
ceedingly varied in form, and the clam,
unio, conch, and many of the larger
shells in the E., and like forms, and more
especially the beautiful abalone (Hali-
otis) of the Pacific coast, were cut up,
SHEDIAC—SHELL
539
trimmed, ground, and polished and per-
forated for beads, pins, pendants, and
breastplates or gorgets. The column of
the conch was cut up into sections and
ground down into rude beads. Much skill
was shown in boring these, and cylinders
3 in. or more in length were periorated
longitudinally by means of drills of un-
known make. Along the Atlantic coast
SKIN CLOAK DECORATED WITH DESIGNS WORKED OUT IN SMALL
SHELLS; VIRGINIA INDIANS
clam shells ( Venus mercenaria) were made
into small cylindrical beads, which were-
strung as necklaces and woven into belts,
and in colonial times served as a medium
oi exchange (see Wampum). A most in-
teresting exampleof the use of small shells
for ornament is given by Tylor (Internat.
Archiy f. Ethnog., 1, 215, 1888) and Bush-
nell (Am. Anthr.,
Ex, 30-59, 1907).
It is a deerskin
mantle, on which
figures of a man
and two quadru-
peds, accompanied
by a number of
round figures, are
worked in margi-
nella shells. The
specimen has been
in English hands
for upward of 250 years, and was ob-
tained by early colonists from the Pow-
hatan Indians. Bivalve shells from the
Pacific coast, and also possibly from
the Gulf of Mexico, were much used
by the tribes of the Pueblo region for
various ornaments, and especially for
beads, which were very highly prized.
SHELL CELT; FLORIDA (4-4)
540
Some of the objects were neatly carved,
the frog being frequently imitated in pen-
dant ornaments. Dentalium shells were
strung as beads by the coast tribes, and
PORTIONS OF SHELLS USED FOR ORNAMENTS AND
IMPLEMENTS
formed an important article of trade with
those of theinterior. On the Pacific coast
the larger varieties of clam shell (Tivela,
Saxidomus) were employed in the manu-
USE OF THE COLUMN OF THE CONCH SHELL
facture of beads and other objects, and
the abalone was in universal demand for
personal ornaments; and baskets and
other objects of use and ornament were
decked with
pendants
made of it.
This shell
was in very
general use
for settings
and inlay-
ing, and was
and is em-
ployed for
these pur-
poses with
excellent ef-
fect by the
tribes of the
N. W. coast.
SHELL PINS; TENNESSEE MOUNDS (a, 1-2,
Fae) The oper-
cule of a spe-
cies of Turbinide (Pachypoma inequale)
was also used in like manner by the tribes
of the N. W. coast.
Probably the most effective and im-
portant ornaments of shell employed by
MANNER OF BORING SHELL BEADS
the mound-building tribes were disks,
highly polished, carved, or engraved with
designs, and suspended on the chest or
from the ears. The designs on these are
SHELL
[B. A. B.
especially noteworthy, many being evi-
dently symbolic and depicting serpents,
birds, spiders, dancing figures in elabo-
rate costume, etc. Some of these, found
in mounds in the middle Mississippi val-
ley region, have designs closely resem-
MAKING SHELL BEADS, CALIFORNIA INDIANS
bling Mexican work, although undoubt-
edly of local manufacture.
Shells and objects made of shell served
as an important feature of trade between
the coast and inland tribes, and in many
localities were used as money. Theconch
SHELL BEADS FROM GEORGIA mounps (1-2)
shells of the Atlantic coast and the Gulf
of Mexico are found in mounds in the
upper Mississippi valley, and even in
Manitoba, and shells from the Pacific
were in common use as far inland as the
Rocky mts. We learn from historical
WAMPUM BELT; ONONDAGA
sources that some varieties of shell, in-
cluding the conch, were employed by the
natives of the E., 8., and S. W. for trum-
pets, and also on occasion in ceremony
and as votive offerings. Fossil shells,
‘
BULL. 30]
many of which are quite equal in beauty
of form and color to the living species,
were much prized by the Indians; they
served as fetishes and charms, and are
SHELL PENDANTS: a, NEW YORK; 6, ARIZONA (1-2)
found on altars or shrines and in the kits
of medicine-men. Some varieties of shell,
especially those derived from the sea, ap-
pear to have had special significance with
SHELL PENDANTS WITH ENGRAVED Desians (a, DIAM. 4 1-4 IN.;
b, TENNESSEE, 1-6
the tribes of the far interior. They were
buried with the dead, or were sacrificed
on altars and before shrines. Beads and
other ornaments of shell, and like forms
made in imita-
tion of shell,
were manufac-
tured for trade
by the whites,
and are still in
common use
by the tribes of
the farthest
inland. (See
Beads, Peag,
Roanoke, Runtee, Sewan, Wampum. )
Consult Ann. Archzeol. Reps. Ontario,
1888-1907; Beauchamp in Bull. N. Y.
State Mus., 8, no. 41; Beverley, Virginia,
1705; Dixon in Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
xvul, pt. 3, 1905; Dunning quoted by Put-
nam in 5th Rep. Peabody Mus., 1872;
Fewkes (1) in 22d Rep. B. A. E., 1903, (2)
in Am. Anthr., 1x, Noy. 1896; Fowke,
Archeol. Hist. Ohio, 1902: Goddard in
Univ. Cal. Pub., Am. Archeol. and
Ethnol., 1, no. 1, 1903; Holmes in 2d
Rep. B. A. E., 1883; C. C. Jones, Antiq.
So. Inds., 1873; J. Jones in Smithson.
Cont. Knowl., xxu, 1876; Lawson,
Hist. Carolina, 1714; Moore, various
memoirs in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.;
Moorehead, Prehist. Impls., 1900; Pow-
ers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 11, 1877; Put-
nam in Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xx1v,
1890; Rau (1) in Smithson. Rep. 1874,
1875, (2) Archzeol. Coll. Nat. Mus., 1876;
SHELL PENDANTS; CALIFORNIA
SHELL-HEAPS
541
Sapir in Am. Anthr., rx, no. 2, 1907;
Schooleraft, Indian Tribes, 1851-54; Schu-
macher in Peabody Mus. Reps.; Stearns
in Nat. Mus. Rep. 1887, 1889; Thomas in
12th Rep. B. A. K., 1894; Thruston, Antiq.
of Tenn., 1897; Tooker, Algonq. Ser., rv,
16, 17, 25, 1901; Roger Williams in R. I.
Hist. Soc. Coll., 1, 133, 1827; Woodward,
Wampum, 1878; Wyman(1)in Am. Nat.,
1, nos. 8, 9, 1868, (2) in Mem. Peabody
Acad. Sci., 1, no. 4, 1875; Yarrow in G.
and G. Surv. West of 100th Merid., vir,
1879. (w. H. H.)
Shell-heaps. A term applied to de-
posits of refuse resulting from the con-
sumption of shellfish as food. Kindred
deposits, known ordinarily as ‘‘kitchen
middens,’’ accumulate on all inhabited
sites, and are among the most widely dis-
tributed and permanent remains left by
primitive peoples. For these reasons, and
because they necessarily contain examples
of almost every variety of the durable
handiwork of the peoples concerned in
theiraccumulation, they are of the highest
value to the student of prehistoric times.
The percentage of waste resulting from
the consumption of shellfish, such as oys-
ters, clams, mussels, and conchs, is very
great, and the accumulations on many
sites are so extensive as to excite the
wonder of those who encounter them for
the first time. The deposits, however,
are not always mere random accumula-
tions, for during the period of deposition,
and subsequently, the materials have been
utilized in the erection of mounds for resi-
dence and defense and as depositories for
the dead (see Mounds). Many of the most
notable shell-moundsare the resultof long
periods of gradual deposition and building,
during which they served alternately for
residence and burial, and, in the S., per-
haps also as sites for temples and fortifica-
tions. Since the occupancy of the country
by the whites, the destruction of these de-
posits of shell has gone forward with great
rapidity. They have been burned for
lime and for fertilizer; have been used
in vast quantities for the building of
roads, as at St Augustine, Mobile, and
New Orleans, and have been leveled by
the plow on innumerable sites. The
most extensive deposits of shell refuse
are found along the salt-water shores,
and especially within tidewater bays,
rivers, and inlets where the clam, and
especially the oyster, abound, and in in-
land valleys where the fresh-water mol-
lusks, the mussel, vivipara, etc., thrive.
Along some of the shores they are almost
continuous formany miles, but, asa rule,
they do not extend very far back from
the landing places. Deposits covering
10 or even 20 acres are not uncom-
mon, but the depth is usually not great
save over limited areas, where they rise
frequently to 20 feet, and in cases to 30
542
feet or more. Though sometimes ap-
proximately homogeneous throughout,
there are generally evidences of stratifi-
cation in the greater deposits, and layers
of earth and other refuse are intercalated
with the shells. In some cases the lower
strata are in an advanced stage of decay,
indicating the lapse of a long period of
time since their deposition.
The cultural contents of the normal
middens furnish a very striking record of
the arts and industries, habits, and cus-
toms of the tribes concerned in their accu-
mulation. Ordinary implements ofstone,
bone, shell, wood, and metal are embed-
ded with the shells, and it is not unu-
sual to encounter at various levels traces
of ancient lodge sites, each marked by a
central fireplace encircled by accumula-
tions of dark earth and ridges of shell
refuse. Lodge-site depressions are also
traceable on the surface of the heaps
where the plow has not effaced them. It
is observed that in some of the deposits re-
mains of art are rare or apparently absent,
while in others of equal size and possibly
greater antiquity artifacts are plentiful.
Fragmentary earthenware is abundant in
many of the heaps of eastern United States
and usually corresponds somewhat closely
with that of the village sites of the general
region; but in the salt-water accumula-
tions the pottery is often exceptionally
rude in make. This may be measurably
accounted for on the theory that the
shell-heap sites were in many cases not
permanent abodes and that inferior ves-
sels were constructed for local and tem-
porary use.
The shell-heaps of New England, New
Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince
Edward id. are numerous and cover con-
siderable areas, but usually have no great
depth. (See Peninsular —Shellmound,
Whaleback Shellmound.) They contain
shells of several varieties, including the
oyster to a limited extent, the common
clam (Mya arenaria), the quahog ( Venus
mercenaria), the scallop, the mussel, the
cockle, the whelk, and other varieties
(Chase, Mercer, Morse, Rau, Wyman).
The deposits include vast numbers of the
simple implements, utensils (including
some pottery), and ornaments of the
tribes, and these are well represented in
the collections of the Peabody Museum,
the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, and the National Museum. The
theory that the Eskimo formerly occupied
the coast as far s. as Maine has led to
the search for definite traces of this people
in the shell-heaps, but so far no decisive
evidence has been obtained. The shell-
heaps.of New York and New Jersey
closely resemble those of New England,
and have been described by Abbott,
Leidy, Rau, and Tooker. Those of Mary-
SHELL-HEAPS
[B. A. E.
land, Virginia, and the Carolinas are nu-
merous and extensive. The oyster-shell
deposits at Popes cr. on the Potomac, for
example, cover 30 acres or more, and were
15 ft in depth over a considerable area
before the removal of shells for fertilizing
purposes began (Holmes, Reynolds).
Equally important deposits occur along
the shores of the Chesapeake, as at Still
pond, on the eastern shore (Jordan). A
mound situated on Stallings id. in the
Savannah r., below Augusta, Ga., affords
an excellent illustration of the use of
midden deposits in the construction of
burial mounds. It is described as 15 ft
in height and 120 by 300 ft in horizontal
extent; as consisting of mussel, clam, and
snail (Paludina) sheils, and as containing
hundreds of skeletons deposited in suc-
cessive layers (C. C. Jones). The shell-
heaps of the Georgia coast are not par-
ticularly noteworthy, but the coast of
Florida abounds in these deposits, those
at Turtle mound, Charlotte Harbor, and
Cedar Keys being of gigantic proportions.
Those along the Atiantic coast of the
peninsula are composed chiefly of oyster
shells; but on the w. coast, besides the oys-
ter there are several genera of the conchs,
including Busycon, Strombus, Fulgur, Fas-
ciolaria, and other shells ( Brinton, Cush-
ing, Moore, Wyman). One mound on
Tampa bay is upward of 30 ft in height
aid covers an island of 8 acres in extent.
The deposits of the northern margin of
the gulf. in Louisiana and Mississippi,
described by Foster, Lyell, Moore, Van-
uxem, and others, include, besides the
oyster, particularly the clam (Gnathodom
cuneatus).
The inland fresh-water shell-heaps of
Florida are composed of distinct genera
of shells—Ampullaria, Paludina, Unio,
ete. On St Johns r. a fresh-water snail
( Vivipara georgiana) is everywhere the
principal, and in many cases the almost
exclusive, species. Many of the depos-
its are of great size, although they are
accumulations of kitchen refuse pure
and simple. The mound at Bluffton
has 30 acres of shells and reaches a
height of 25 ft above the river level
(Moore). Mount Taylor and others are
of nearly equal importance. All contain
examples of such artifacts of stone, shell,
bone, and metal as were used by the shell-
heap people. Stoneimplementsare rather
rare, and pottery occurs in considerable
quantities in most of the deposits, espe-
cially on and near the surface. Many of
the shell-heaps, especially of Florida, pre-
sent the appearance of great age, and the
growth on them of live oaks of the largest
size indicates that the deposits had reached
their present dimensions before, perhaps
long before, the discovery of America. It
is also noted that the shells at the lower
BULL, 30]
levels have become consolidated, and that
bones embedded with them have lost their
organic matter (Wyman), conditions in-
dicative of very considerable age. Great
age is also suggested by changes in the
river courses, the erosion of bluffs, and
the formation of swamps since the period
of the midden accumulation, as well as by
changes in the character of the shells
themselves. Dr VPilsbry, discussing the
bearing of the observed faunal changes on
the question of antiquity, states that there
was a marked change in the characteris-
tics of the shells during the period of for-
mation of certain of the shell-fields. At
the lower levels in the Juniper cr. mounds,
SHELL-HEAPS
543
Mr Moore states that in the shell-
mounds he has observed no evidetice of a
succession of distinct peoples or widely
variant cultures; that certain of the great
mounds contain no pottery whatever;
that in others pottery-making came in
during the period of their accumulation,
while in still others earthenware is dis-
tributed in somewhat varying forms with
the different layers from base to summit.
There is, he believes, satisfactory evidence
of progress in culture, and, withal, evi-
dence of great age, not, however, of a
nature to lead to the belief that the
occupancy of Florida extended to a pre-
vious geological period. As a result of
SHELL-HEAP, POPES CREEK, MD., AS EXCAVATED FOR FERTILIZING PURPOSES.
for example, a dominant species of the
shells used is the normal Vivipara geor-
giana. Near the surface a divergent form
(altior) appears and prevails. Atanother
point a variety known as limnothauma
appears, the most strongly characterized
individuals being at or near the surface.
**We have no definite standards whereby
to measure the time required for the evo-
lution of new species or varieties and their
establishment as dominant local forms;
but judging by the amount of change in
the mollusca since the deposition of such
post-Glacial deposits as the Loess, we can
not escape the conclusion that a long pe-
riod is indicated.’”,—H. A. Pilsbry, ina
letter addressed to Clarence B. Moore, in
response to inquiries.
100 YARDS BACK FROM THE BLUFF FACE
the investigations of Wyman and Moore
an estimate of a thousand years may
safely be given as a minimum for the
occupancy of Florida by the aborigines.
The shell-heaps of the rivers flowing
into the Gulf on the n., and those of the
eastern tributaries of the Mississippi, are
numerous and extensive. They are com-
posed of the local fresh-water shells,
especially the mussels (Unio) and snails
(Paludina), and contain characteristic art
remains of the region, and in very many
cases the osseous remains of the vertebrate
animals utilized for food. On the Ten-
nessee and Cumberland rs., especially
in their middle courses, are extensive
deposits that reach a depth of 10 ft or
more. They have not been adequately
544
studied and described, but have received
casual attention by a number of authors
(Foster, Maximilian, Stelle, Lyell, Mac-
Lean, Thruston, Jos. Jones, Thomas, Mc-
Whorter). Midden deposits do not occur
to any great extent about the shores of
the Great Lakes or along the rivers of the
middle west and the Rocky mtn. region,
but are numerous and important on the
Pacific coast. Between s. California and
PARTIAL SECTION OF THE POPES CREEK SHELL-HEAP, SHOWING
THE UNIFORM CHARACTER OF THE SHELLS
Alaska the shells are the mussel, oyster,
clam, haliotis, nautilus, and other less con-
spicuous varieties (Bancroft, Dall, Eells,
Schumacher, Yarrow, Yates, and authors
in Univ. Cal. Pub. in Am. Archeeol. and
Ethnol. ).
The shell-heaps of Alaska have been
described by Dall and are remarkable as
representing 3 successive periods of occu-
pancy: the first, designated the littoral
period, is characterized by the almost ex-
clusive use of the Echinus drébachiensis
SHEMAUKAN
[B. A. E.
and the absence of human handiwork;
the second is called the fishing period,
the deposits being composed largely of
fish bone and containing traces of very
primitive forms of stoneimplements; and
the third is called the hunting period, in
which the food supply was much varied,
including prominently the game animals
of the region, the culture having ap-
proached that of the Alaskan tribes of the
historic period. Thedeposits are numer-
ous, but do not compare in extent with
those of the more southerly shores. Dr
Dall, weighing the evidence carefully,
reaches the conclusion that a period ap-
proximating 3,000 years is represented.
Consult Abbott, Prim. Indust., 1881;
Bancroft, Native Races, v, 1882; Brinton,
Floridian Peninsula, 1859; A. W. Chase,
Oregon Shell Mounds (MS. in B. A. E.);
H. E. Chase in Smithson. Rep. 1882,
1884; Cushing in Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.,
xxv, 1896; Dall in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 1,
1877; Fewkes in Am. Antiq., xv111, 1896;
Foster, Prehist. Races, 1878; Holmes in
Am. Anthr., rx, no. 1, 1907; C. C. Jones,
Antiq. So. Inds., 1873; J. M. Jones in
Foster’s Prehist. Races, 1878; Jordan in
The Archeologist, 1, 1895; Le Baron in
Smithson. Rep. 1882, 1884; Lyell, Second
Visit to the U. S., 1849; Matthew in Bull.
Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunswick, no. 1,
1884; McGuire in Trans. Anthr. Soc.
Wash., 1880; McLean in Smithson. Rep.
1882, 1884; McWhorter inSmithson. Rep.
1874, 1875; Mercer in Pub. Univ. Pa., v1,
1897; Moore, (1) various memoirs in Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894-1910, (2) in
Am. Nat., xxvi, no. 311, 1892; Nelson
in Univ. Cal. Pub., Am. Arch. and
Eth., vu, nos. 4-5, 1909-1910; Peale in
Smithson. Rep. 1872, 1873; Rau in Smith-
son. Rep. 1864, 1865, and in Smithson.
Cont., xxv, 1884; Reynolds in Trans.
Anthr. Soc. Wash., 1880, and in Am.
Anthr., 1, no. 3, 1889; Schumacher in
Smithson. Rep. 1874, 1875;Smith in Mem.
Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., rv, Anthr. ser. 11,
1903; Stelle in Smithson. Rep. 1870, 1871;
Thomas in 12th Rep. B. A. E., 1894;
Thruston, Antiq. Tenn., 1897; Vanuxem
in Proc. Am. Asso. Geol., 2d sess. 1841,
1843; Wyman (1) in Am. Nat., 11, nos. 8
and 9, 1868, (2) in Mem. Peabody Acad.
Sci., 1, no. 4, 1875; Yarrow in Surv. W.
100th Merid., vir, 1879. (w. H. H.)
Shemaukan (Shimdgin, ‘lance,’
‘sword.’—Gerard). The largest of the
Cree bands in 1856, at which period they
occupied 350 tipis. They roamed and
hunted in the Cypress and Prickly-pear
mts., s. w. Assiniboia, Canada, but occa-
sionally visited Missouri r. for trade.
They took their name from a chief, oth-
erwise known as The Lance. i
She-mau-kdu.—Hayden, Ethnog. and Philol, Mo,
Val., 237, 1862 (misprint).
_ BULL. 30]
Shemps. A Squawmish village com-
munity on the left bank of Squawmisht r.,
Brit. Col.
ti ee tont in Rep. Brit. A. A. S., 474, 1900
Shenango. The name ofseveral Indian
settlements, widely separated in situation.
One was on the n. bank of the Ohio r.,
a short distance below the site of the
present Economy, Beaver co., Pa., and at
one time was an important trading-post,
but after the capture of Ft Duquesne and
the erection of Ft Pitt by the English in
1758, it gradually lost its importance, and
early in the Revolutionary war it was
wholly abandoned. It was at this place,
called by them Logs Town, that Weiser
and Croghan held in 1748 the first treaty
with the western Indians, which appar-
ently led to Céloron’s expedition to the
Ohio in the following year. This French
expedition awakened . Virginia to the
great importance of retaining possession
of the Ohio country; her activity in this
direction in turn resulted in the French
and Indian war six years later. In 1749
Céloron, with his expedition to the Ohio,
found about 50 lodges there, while Bonne-
camps estimated 80, occupied by “ Iro-
quois, Shawnee, and Loups; also Iroquois
from the Sault St Louis and Lake of the
Two Mountains, with some Nippissin-
gues, Abenakis, and Ottawas.’’ Bonne-
camps says that ‘‘ we called it Chiningué,
from its vicinity to a river of that name.”
At the time of this expedition it had been
established for only 5 or 6 years, and was
occupied almost wholly by Iroquois.
General Wayne with his ‘‘ Legion of the
United States’’ encamped on its site from
Noy. 1792 to Apr. 20, 1793, from which
fact it became known as Legionville.
Probably following the Nuremberg
map of 1756, Mitchell’s map of 1755, and
D’ Anyille’s map of about 1775, the name
was applied to the site of Warren, Pa.,
a place on which Céloron found a village
called Kananouangon (Conewango) with
12 or 13 cabins (N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., x,
249, 1858). Parkman makes the state-
ment that at different times in the Ohio
valley there have been 3 distinct villages
called Shenango: one situated at the junc-
tion of the Conewango and the Allegheny,
then the first one described above, and
the third; some distance up the Big Beaver,
near the Kuskuski of Hutchins’ map of
1764, on which it is written Shaningo,
being about 60 m. from Ft Pitt (Jes.
Rel., Thwaites ed., Lxrx, note 40, 1900).
Shenango is also a form of Chenango
(q. v.), the name of a former Iroquois
town in Broome co., N. Y., situated on
-Chenango r., 4m. above its junction with
the Susquehanna, and which was evacu-
ated and partly burned by the Indiansin
the winter of 1778-79. It contained about
3456°—Bull. 30, pt 2—07
35
SHEMPS—SHESHEQUIN
545
20 cabins. Halsey (Old N. Y. Frontier,
276, map, 1901) locates two villages where
only one has hitherto been recognized as
Shenango, the one on the Chenango r.
about 4 m. above, and the other just be-
low its junction with the Susquehanna.
Theone he writes Otseningo, and the other
Ochenang on the map and Chenang in
the text. See Logstown. (J.N.B.H.)
Chenang.—Halsey, Old New York Frontier, 276,
1901. Chenango.—Jes. Rel., Thwaites ed., index,
item Logstown, 1900. Cheningo.—McKendry in
Jour. Mil. Exped. Maj. Gen. Sullivan (1779), 202,
1887 (Chenango, N. Y., site). Cheningué.—Mitch-
ell, map (1755), cited in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,
xX, 249, 1858 (Warren site). Chinango.—Beatty in
Jour. Mil. Exped. Maj. Gen. Sullivan (1779), 24,
1887 (Chenango, N. Y., site). Chingué.—Jes. Rel.,
Thwaites ed., index, item Logstown, 1900.
Kananouangon.—Bonnecamps (1749) in Jes. Rel.,
ibid., LXIx, 165, 1900 (Conewango= Warren site).
Legionville.—Ibid., index, item Logstown. Oche-
nang.—Halsey, Old New York Frontier, map,
1901. Shaningo.—Bouquet, Exped. (1764), 149,
and map, 1868 (Beaver cr. site). Shenango.—Jes.
Rel., Thwaites ed., index, item Logstown. Ze-
ninge.—Loskiel, Hist. Miss. United Brethren, pt.
1m, 8, 1794 (Chenengo, N. Y.,.site). For other
synonyms, see Chenango and Logstown.
Shennosquankin. One of the 3 bands
of Similkameen Okinagan in British Co-
lumbia, numbering in all 179 in 1909.
Shennoquankin.—Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 11, 166, 1901.
Shennoskuankin.—Ibid., 419, 1898. Shen-nos-quan-
kin,—Ibid., 191, 1883.
Sheo. An unidentified division of the
Oglala Sioux, mentioned by Lewis and
Clark (Discoy., 34, 1806).
Shequallisere. See Saghwareesa.
Sheshalek (‘white whale passage’). A
Kowagmiut Eskimo summer village on
the n. shore of Kotzebue sd., near the
mouth of Noatak r., where Kowagmiut,
Selawigmiut, Malemiut, and Nunatogmiut
meet Kaviagmiut, Kinugumiut, and
other traders from the coast and islands
to exchange furs for oil and walrus hides,
and for rifles, cartridges, drilling, aleohol,
and tobacco obtained from the Chukchi
of Siberia, who have traded ivory and
whalebone for them with whalemen.
Pop. 100 in 1880.
Sesualik.—Beechey, Narr., chart, 1831. Sheshale-
gamute.—Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 4, 1884.
Sheshoalik,—11th Census, Alaska, 137, 1893. She-
shore-lik.—Hooper, Cruise of Corwin, 44, 1881. —
Sheshebe (‘duck’). A gens ofthe Chip-
pewa.
Muk-ud-a-shib.—Warren (1852) in Minn. Hist. Soe.
Coll., Vv, 45, 1885 (‘black duck’). She-shebe’.—Mor-
gan, Ane. Soc., 166, 1877. Sheshebug.—Tanner,
Narr., 315, 1830. Shiship.—Gatschet, Ojibwa MS.,
B, A. E., 1882.
Sheshequin ( Lenape Shéshékwan, cognate
with Nipissingand Montagnaisshishikwan,
Prairie Cree sisikwan, Chippewa jishig-
wan, Menominee sisikwan, Southern Re-
nape tshétshinkwan, ete., a gourd rattle
used by Indians in their ceremonies.
With the locative suffix, Shéshékwanink,
‘at the gourd rattle.’ The name prob-
ably had reference to some practices of
the pagan Indians who lived at the place
so named.—Gerard). A former Iroquois
546
town withamixed population, dominantly
Seneca, but including also Delawares or
Munsee, situated in 1772 about 6m. below
Tioga Point, Bradford co., Pa. It was
the home of the notorious Queen Esther,
the ‘‘fiend of Wyoming,’’ who about this
time removed northward 6 m., forming a
new settlement that later became known
as Queen Esther’s Town, and which was
destroyed by Col. Hartley in 1778, where-
upon the Queen fled, probably to Che-
mung, Chemung co., N. Y. Sheshequin
was situated on the E. side of Susque-
hanna r., on the site of the present
Ulster, Bradford co., Pa., and was divided
into two parts by Cash cr., the northern
part being heathen, the southern Mora-
vian Christian Indians; it was the former
who removed 6 m. higher, while the lat-
ter went to Friedensstadt. See Queen
Esther’s Town. (J. N. B. H.)
Old Sheshequin.—Craft in Proc. and Coll. Wyo.
Hist. and Geol. Soc., rx, 200, 1906. Schechschiquu-
nuk.—Brinton, Lenape Leg., 79, 1885. Shesche-
quon.—Heckewelder in Trans. Am. Philos. Soc.,
Nl. 8., IV, 386, 1834. Sheshecununk,—Craft in Proc.
and Coll. Wyo. Hist. and Geol. Soc., Ix, 202-4,
1906. Sheshequin.—Day, Penn.,139,1843. Tschech-
schequannink.—Loskiel, Hist. Miss. Unit. Breth.,
pt. 3, 77, 1794. Tschechschequaniing.—Roth (1772)
quoted by Brinton, Lenape Leg., 79, 1885. Tsche-
chsequannink.—Rupp, W. Penn., app., 359, 1846.
Shetak Captives. A party consisting of
two women, Mrs John Wright and Mrs
William J. Duly, with two children each,
two daughters of Thomas Ireland, and
Lillie Everett, captured by White Lodge
at Lake Shetak, Murray co., Minn., on
Aug. 20, 1862, and carried away to the
Missouri r., where, after great hardship,
they were rescued by the ‘‘ Fool Soldier
Band,”’ consisting of 11 young Teton
Sioux, opposite the mouth of Grand r.,
in Walworth co., 8. Dak., Nov. 20 of the
same year. (D. R.)
Shevenak. A Kuskwogmiut Eskimo
village on the left bank of Kuskokwimr.,
Alaska. Pop. 58 in 1880; 62 in 1890.
Shevenagamute.—Nelson quoted by Baker, Geog.
Dict. Alaska, 1901. Shovenagamute.—Petroff, Rep.
on Alaska, 53, 1884.
Shgwaliksh (Cgwdlike, Tlakluit name).
A former village of either the Tlakluit
or the Klikitat, about 3 m. below The
Dalles of Columbia r., Wash. (5. 8.)
Shiankya. The Mountain Lion clan of
the former pueblo of Pecos, N. Mex.
Shi-an-hti.—Hewett in Am. Anthr., n.s., vi, 431,
1904. Shiank’yaé+.—Hodge, ibid., rx, 351, 1896.
Shickalamy, Shick Calamy, Shickelimy.
See Shikellamy.
Shickshack. A Winnebago chief, prom-
inent in the history of the Sangamon
country in Illinois, whose name is said to
signify ‘rising sun.’ He is first heard
of in 1819, having come down from the
N. to the Sangamon country to avoid the
constant hostility between his people and
the Chippewa; here he made many
SHETAK CAPTIVES—SHIELDS
[B. A. B.
friends among the white settlers. In
1820 he was chief of a band of about
40 families with a village on the s. side
of Sangamon r., 25 m. above its mouth,
and about 12 m. w. of New Salem, III.
A high, dome-shaped hill near the Indian
village was called ‘‘Shickshack’s Knob,”’
and is still known by that name. In
1827, on hearing of the trouble between
the Indians and the whites, which culmi-
nated in the Black Hawk war, Shick-
shack and his people departed for the
northern part of the state. He was seen
at Dixon’s Ferry in 1832, where he had
come, he explained, to meet some of his
old friends among the soldiers, and it is
said that he was among the friendly
Winnebago who captured Black Hawk
and placed him in the custody of United
States troops. At the close of the war
the Winnebago concluded a treaty with
the United States and removed w. of the
Mississippi, finally settling in Kansas,
and it is supposed that Shickshack and
his immediate followers accompanied
them. In appearance Shickshack was
erect, muscular and active, of medium
height and weight; his expression, harsh
and unpleasant, did not accord with his
jovial and sympathetic disposition. He
had two wives, one a Winnebago and
one a Kickapoo, and four children. Mrs
Mary Catherwood has made him a prom-
inent character in her novel, ‘‘ Spanish
Peggy,’ in which she represents him as
the intimate friend of Abraham Lincoln.
See Snyder in Jour. Ill. State Hist. Soc.,
11, no. 3, 1909.
Shiegho. A Pomo tribe or village near
Hopland, Mendocino co., Cal.; associated
with the Shokhowa.
Seacos.—Bancroft, Nat. Races, I, 449, 1882. Shie-
gho.—A. L. Kroeber, inf’n, 1904. Si-a-ko.—Powers
in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 111, 172, 1877.
Shields. The shield was a regular part
of the defensive equipment of the Indian
warrior of the open country of the plains
and the arid S. W., as well as farther
8. in Mexico, but was found only occa-
sionally among the Eastern tribes, not
being adapted to use in a region of tim-
ber and thick undergrowth. Shields of
bark or netted willow or cane are men-
tioned among the Iroquois, the Virginia
tribes, and the Carolina tribes as far back
as De Soto’s expedition, 1539. The cui-
rass and other forms of body armor took
the place of the shield among the eastern
and northern tribes generally on the
Arctic coast and in the Canadian N. W.,
and along the Pacific coast southward
into California, and were found also
among the Pueblos, and more anciently
among the Navaho. (See Armor.)
The shield of the equestrian warrior of
the plains was round, varying from 12
to 26in. in diameter, and averaging about
BULL. 30]
17 in. The ordinary material was thick
buffalo hide, with one or two covers of
soft dressed buffalo, elk, or deer skin,
but a few instances are known of shields
of netted rods. covered with soft dressed
skin, the supposed protecting power in
such cases being wholly dueto the ‘‘medi-
cine.”? The design upon the outside
cover was different from that upon the
inside cover, which last was exposed
only at the moment of going into the
fight, by loosening and throwing back
theoutsidecover. The protecting ‘‘med-
icine’’ and the head and bridle pendant
were usually kept between the two covers.
The shield was carried upon the left arm
by means of a belt passing over the
shoulder, in such a way as to permit the
free use of the left hand to grasp the bow,
or could be slung around to the back in
a retreat. It was sufficient to stop an
arrow or turn the stroke of a lance, but
afforded but slight protection against a
bullet. The Pima, Navaho, and Pueblo
shield, intended for use on foot rather
than on horse, was usu-
ally of large size, cut
from a single piece of
thick hide, without
cover, and was some-
times fitted with a
wooden hand-grasp on
the inner side. In an- 4%
cient times Pueblo @°
shields were made also
of basketry. The Pima
shield was frequently
painted with a design
resembling the swas-
tika cross, a favorite
symbol in the tribe.
The shields of the Zuni
Priests of the Bow seem to have been
intended for ceremonial purposes rather
than for war.
The shield of the Plains warrior con-
stituted his most sacred possession from
the time when it was made for him, or
given to him soon after his first encoun-
ter with the enemy, until it was laid un-
der his head in the grave, unless before
that time bestowed on some worthy
younger warrior or left as a precious sac-
rifice at the grave of wifeorchild. Every
shield originated from a dream, in which
the dreamer was told by the spirit how
many shields he might make, how they
must be painted and decorated, how the
owner must paint and otherwise deco-
rate himself and his pony, and what
taboos and other sacred obligations
he must observe through life in order
to obtain the protection of the shield
spirit, which might be a bird, a quadru-
ped, a being of the tribal pantheon, or
one of the personified powers of nature.
The owner rarely made his own shield,
ARAPAHO SHIELD OF RAW-
HIDE; DIAM. 18 IN.
SHIFUNIN—SHIKELLAMY
547
but received it from the dreamer, usually
an old warrior or recognized medicine-
man, who made it on request as he had
been instructed, for a definite compensa-
tion in horses, blankets, or other property.
The hide used for the purpose was taken
from the neck of the buffalo bull, and
was made exceptionally thick and tough
by shrinking it, while wet, over a fire
builtin a holeintheground. The cutting,
painting, and decorating with feathers
and other pendants were all matters of
much ceremony, in which the maker was
assisted by the candidate and by other
shield owners, usually those carrying
shields of the same pattern. During the
progress of the work the young man was
instructed in all the obligations connected
with the shield, and at its completion
the shield was formally consecrated in a
sweat-house built for the purpose, and
the whole ceremony concluded with a
feast. The obligations included certain
taboos, prayers, songs, and war cries, with
a specific method of caring for the shield
when in camp and of uncovering it be-
fore going into the fight. When not in
use it was hung upon a tripod, usually
facing the sun, or tied upon an upright
pole. (J. M. )
Shifunin (‘black-eye people,’ probably
referring to corn with black grains). One
of the two divisions or fraternities of the
people of the pueblo of Isleta, N. Mex.
See Churdan.
Shi-fu-ni’n.—Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895.
Shigom. A Pomo village just N. of
what is known as Morrison’s Landing, on
the gp. shure of Clear lake, Lake co., Cal.
The present village stands about 2 m. N.
of the old village of the same name, to
which Gibbs attributed a population of
91 in 1851. It is now occupied by not
more than a dozen people. (s. A. B.)
Che-com.—McKee (1851) in Sen. Ex. Doe. 4, 32d
Cong., spec. sess., 136, 1853. Cigom.—Barrett
in Univ. Cal. Pub. in Am. Archeol. and Ethnol.,
VI, no. 1, map, 1908 (c=sh). She-kom.—Gibbs
(1851) in Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, 11, 109, 1853.
Shigom.—S. A. Barrett, inf’n, 1907.
Shikag. See Skunk.
Shikallamy. See Shikellamy. ;
Shike. The extinct Star clan of Sia
pueblo, N. Mex.
Shi-ké, —Stevenson in 11th Rep. B. A. E., 19, 1894.
Shiké-hano.—Hodge in Am. Anthr, Ix, 352, 1896
(hdno = ‘people’). f :
Shikeldaptikh (Cig/z.ldaptiy, ‘there is a
gap or gulch’). A former village of the
Tlakluit, } m. below The Dalles of Co-
lumbia r., Wash. _ , (B. 8.)
Shikellamy (a highly Anglicized form
of the Delaware translation of the Oneida
chieftain title Ofigwateron‘hiat’‘he’ (Ung-
quaterughiathe), signifying ‘It has caused
the sky to be light or bright for us.’
The cognate form of the Delaware term
is Kijikdnamdwew (n= Delaware /), mean-
ing ‘He causes it to be light or daylight
548
for him,’ or ‘He lights, enlightens him.’
The forms of the name ending in us (see
below) are due to a Latinism by the
Moravian writers rather than to the orig-
inal native form of the name. Those
ending in 0, a, or y are forms employed,
by English writers, and probably are ap-
proximately nearer the original native
term than those ending in us. Another
Troquoian name applied to this chieftain
is Swataney, a highly Anglicized form of
Onkhi‘swathe’’ tani‘, signifying ‘ He causes
it to be light for us,’ and, figuratively,
‘He enlightens it for us,’ or as an appel-
lative, ‘Our Enlightener’). An Oneida
chieftain. According to Bartram he was
‘fan adopted Frenchman,”’ born in Mon-
treal, who had been captured and adopted
by the Oneida, although he claimed to
be a Cayuga. He was the exponent of
the colonial policy of the great federal
Iroquois council at Onondaga, and was
sent by it to the forks of the Susquehanna
in 1728 to conserve the interests of the
Six Nations in the valley of the Susque-
hanna and to keep watch over the tribu-
tary Shawnee and Delaware Indians. He
was a man of great dignity, sobriety, and
prudence, and at all times showed marked
kindness to the whites, especially to the
missionaries. In the execution of his
trust Shikellamy conducted many im-
portant embassies between the govern-
ment of Pennsylvania and the Iroquois
council at Onondaga, and he also attended
many if not most of the councils held at
Philadelphia, Conestoga, and elsewhere
in the performance of his duties. The
importance of his office is evident from
the fact that the valley of the Susque-
hanna, after the Conestoga were subju-
gated in 1676 by the Iroquois, was as-
signed by the Five Nations of Iroquoisasa
hunting ground to the Shawnee, Dela-
wares, Conoy, Nanticoke, Munsee, Tutelo,
Saponi, and Conestoga tribes. When
the Mohawk sold the Wyoming region in
Pennsylvania to the Susquehanna Land
Co., although this tribe had never aided
in the conquests made in this valley, the
council at Onondaga began to realize that
this section, with its valuable lands and
many dependent tribes, was worthy of
careful attention; hence these tribes were
made to understand that in the future
they must transact all business with the
proprietary government solely through
their deputy. With his residence fixed
at Shamokin (now Sunbury), Pa., Shikel-
lamy was promoted in 1745 to the full
vicegerency over the tributary tribes in
the Susquehanna valley, and intricate and
important interests committed to him re-
ceived the care of an astute statesman and
diplomat. The effects of the liquor traffic
on the Indians led to prohibitory decrees
on the part of the government of Penn-
SHIKELLAMY
[B. A. BE.
sylvania, and later, evidently through
the influence of traders, when these pro-
hibitory measures became lax, Shikella-
my in 1731 delivered an ultimatum to the
Pennsylvania government to the effect
that unless the liquor trade should be
better regulated with regard to its sale
among his people, friendly relations be-
tween the proprietary government and
the Six Nations would cease. As the
difficulties arising from the sale of liquor
had forced a large number of Shawnee
to migrate from the Susquehanna to the
Ohio r. in 1730, and as French emissaries
were taking advantage of this condition
to alienate the Shawnee from the English
interest, the Governor decided in 1731 to
send Shikellamy, ‘‘a trusty, good man,
and a great lover of the English,’”’ to
Onondaga to invite the Six Nations to
Philadelphia, with a view of securing the
friendship and alliance of the Six Na-
tions in order to keep the Shawnee in the
English interest; but owing to the mis-
trust the Six Nations had of the motives
of the English, they did not send a dep-
utation until August, 1732, and even then
there were delegates from only three of
the tribes, who professed to speak for the
others, consequently the conference was
unsatisfactory. In 1736 Shikellamy’s in-
fluence was enlisted to bring about a con-
ference in which would be represented
the entire confederation of the Six Na-
tions, and in less than two months’ time
Conrad Weiser was enabled to inform the
Governor of Pennsylvania that more than
a hundred chiefs of the Iroquois with
their retinues were on their way to Phila-
delphia. By this treaty of 1736 the Six
Nations, in consideration of a large con-
signment of merchandise, deeded all their
Susquehanna lands s. and xr. of the Blue
mtns. Some weeks later, when nearly all
the leading Indians had departed, an-
other deed was prepared and signed by
the remaining Indians, which purported
to include the lands ostensibly claimed
by the Six Nations within the drainage
of Delaware r. s. of the Blue mtns.—a
treaty that, says Walton, ‘‘established a
precedent for an Iroquois claim to lands
owned by the Delaware Indians,” a claim
that had never hitherto been advanced.
‘“‘No doubt,’ says Walton, ‘‘Shikelimy
was the Indian agent who accomplished
this, and that he used Conrad Weiser to
bring it to pass. Weiser helped Shikel-
imy sow the seed which drenched Penn-
sylvania in blood from 1755 to 1764. In
permitting this second deed Pennsylva-
nia started that series of events with the
Delawares which cost her one of the most
remarkable Indian invasions in colonial
history. And at the same time by secur-
ing this and thus conciliating the Iro-
quois, and holding the key to their future
BULL. 30]
attitude, Weiser and the proprietary gov-
ernment made a future nation possible.
Pennsylvania suffered that a nation might
live. She brought upon herself aiter
many years a Delaware war, but escaped
a Six-Nation war, a French alliance with
the Iroquois, and the threatening possi-
bility of the destruction of all the English
colonies on the coast.’? Shikellamy did
not sign the treaty of 1744, because, it
appears, he was determined not to recog-
nize the claims of Maryland to lands Nn.
of the disputed boundary.
Weiser had many good reasons for re-
garding Shikellamy as the key to the se-
cret policies of the council of the Iroquois
at Onondaga, hence in 1745, when Shi-
kellamy was requested by Governor
Thomas to visit Onondaga for the pur-
pose of inducing the Six Nations to agree
to a peace with the Catawba, Weiser took
an offering with which to ‘‘ wipe away”’
the faithful old chieftain’s tears for the
death of his son, ‘‘ Unhappy Jake,”
among the Catawba; for until this was
done the chieftain could not devote at-
tention to public affairs. Having thus
comforted the aged chieftain, he set out
in company with Andrew Montour, Shi-
kellamy and son, in May, 1745, for Onon-
daga, where he was kindly received, but
was able to learn only that the Six Na-
tions favored peace with the Catawba.
On the acquisition of firearms by the
Indians, the smiths of the white people
became a necessity to the Indian hunter
and warrior. On account of the remote-
ness of these conveniences from the In-
dian country, Shikellamy persuaded the
colonial government to establish a forge
at Shamokin. This was granted on con-
dition that the Indians would permit the
Moravians to begin a mission at that
place, which the missionaries regarded as
the greatest stronghold of paganism. To
this proposal Shikellamy readily con-
sented, and in April, 1747, a smithy and
a mission house were erected there. A
year later, Zeisberger, who had become
proficient in the Mohawk tongue, became
an assistant missionary at Shamokin, and
while there began the preparation of an
Onondaga dictionary under the interested
instruction of Shikellamy. During this
year (1748) Shikellamy received from
Count Zinzendorf asilver knife, fork, and
spoon, and an ivory drinking cup richly
mounted in silver, accompanied with a
message entreating him to hold fast to
the gospel which he had heard from the
count’s own lips. This resulted in the
conversion of Shikellamy at Bethlehem
shortly afterward; he was not baptized
by the Moravians, however, because he
had been baptized many years before by
a Jesuit priest in Canada. On his way
to Shamokin he fell ill of fever and ague
SHIKSHICHELA—SHINAGRUA
549
at Tulpehocking and had barely strength
to reach his home. Zeisberger, who had
returned to his post, ministered to the
stricken chieftain until his death, Dec. 6,
1748. The colonial government sent a
message of condolence, with the usual
presents to the family, and requested the
eldest son of Shikellamy, John or Thach-
nechtoris (Taghneghdoarus) to serve as
the Iroquois deputy governor until the
council at Onondaga could make a per-
manent appointment. Another son of
Shikellamy was James Logan (q. v.).
Consult De Schweinitz, Life and Times
of David Zeisberger, 1870; Walton, Con-
rad Weiser and the Indian Policy of Co-
lonial Pennsylvania, 1900; Bartram, Ob-
servations, 1751; Pennsylvania Archives,
I-1v, 1852-56; Minutes of the Provincial
Council of Pennsylvania, 1-v, 1852-56;
Crantz, History of the United Brethren,
1780; Jefferson, Notes on Virginia, 1802;
Mayer, Tah-gah-jute or Logan and Cre-
sap, 1867. (J. N. B. H.)
Shakallamy,—Pa. Arch., I, 228, 1852-56. Shecala-
my.—Ibid., 494. Shekallamy.—Min. Proy. Coun.
Pa., 11, 409, 1852-56. Shekellamy.—Ibid., 506.
Shickalamy.—Ibid., v, 80. Shick Calamy.—Pa.
Arch., I, 650, 1852-56. Shickelimy.—Ibid., 673.
Shikallamy.—Min. Proy.Coun. Pa., 111, 404, 1852-56.
Shikelimo,—Ibid., Iv, 584. Shikellemus.—Crantz,
Hist. United Brethren, 269,1780. Shikellima.—Min.
Proy. Coun. Pa., U1, 334, 1852-56. Shikellimus.—
Jefferson, Notes, 356, 1802. Shikellimy.—Min.
Proy. Coun. Pa., Iv, 641, 1852-56. Shykelimy.—
Pa. Arch., I, 499, 1852-56. Sicalamous. —Ibid., 648.
Swatana,—De Schweinitz, Life of Zeisberger, 109,
1870. Swataney.—Min. Proy. Coun. Pa., III, 435,
1852-56. Takashwangaroras.—Ibid., Iv, 80 (=‘the
saw-mill’). Ungquaterughiathe.—Ibid., 584.
Shikshichela (‘bad ones of different
kinds’). A band common to the Sans
Arcs, Miniconjou, and Hunkpapa Sioux.
Cikcitcela.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 219, 226,
221, 1897. Siksi¢ela.—Ibid. 5
Shikshichena (‘bad ones of different
kinds’). A band of the Upper Yanktonai
Sioux.
Cikcitcena.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 218, 1897.
Siksi¢ena.—Ibid. _ ’
Shilekuatl (Cilzk’ud/tl). A Cowichan
town at Yale, Brit. Col., belonging to the
Tsakuam tribe (q.v.). Probably the In-
dian name for Yale. Pop. 77 in 1909.
Cilrk’ua’tl.—Boas in Rep. Brit. A. A. S., 454, 1894.
Lichaltchingko.—Brit. Col. Map, Ind. Aff., Victoria,
1872. Yale.—Can. Ind. Aff., 74, 1878. ;
Shilkhotshi. A former Yaquina village
on the s. side of Yaquina r., Oreg.
Cil-qo’-30i.—Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, III,
229, 1890. 3 :
Shimmoah (‘a spring’). A former vil-
lage on Nantucket id., off the s. coast of
Massachusetts.
Shimmoah,—Writer of 1807 in Mass. Hist. Soc.
Coll., 2d s., 111, 25, 1815. Shimmuo.—S. D., ibid.,
X, 174, 1823.
Shimpshon. A body of Salish of Kam-
loops agency, Brit. Col.; pop. 186 in 1884,
the last time the name appears.
Shimps-hon,—Can. Ind. Aff. 1884, 188, 1885.
Shinagrua. A Nunatogmiut Eskimo
village on the Arctic coast, close to Anxi-
ety pt., Alaska.
550
Shinagrua,—Coast Surv. map 20, 1869. Shinin-
grua.—Dall in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 1, map, 1877.
Shinalutaoin (‘scarlet cloth earrings’).
A band of the Sans Arcs Sioux.
Cina-luta-oi".—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 219,
1897. Sina-luta-oin,—Ibid.
Shinana. A ruined pueblo, probably of
the Tigua, on the Rio Grande, in the
vicinity of Albuquerque, N. Mex.—Loew
(1875) in Wheeler Surv. Rep., vi, 338,
1879.
Shinats. A former summer village of
the Laguna tribe, situated 33 m. s. of the
present Laguna pueblo, N. Mex. Itissaid
to have been abandoned on account of
Apache depredations. (¥. W. H.)
Shingabawassin (Shingdbewasin, ‘re-
clining human figure of stone.’—W. J.).
A Chippewa chief of the Crane gens, born
about 1768, and prominent during the
first quarter of the 19th century. He was
the eldest son of Maidosagee, the son of
Gitcheojeedebun. His residence, during
most of his years at least, was on the
banks of St Mary’s r., Mich., at the out-
let of L. Superior. His life, so far as
known, was characterized by but few
marked incidents, though largely spent
in behalf of the welfare of his people.
During his younger days he took an ac-
tive part in the war expeditions of his
band, especially those against the Sioux,
but after assuming the responsibilities of
his official life he became a strong advo-
cate of peace. At the councils convened
for the purpose of entering into treaties,
especially those at Prairie du Chien in
1825, Fond du Lac in 1826, and Butte des
Mortes in 1827, he was the leading speaker
and usually the most important person
among the Indian delegates. He seems
to have risen, to a large extent, above the
primitive beliefs of his people, and even
went so far in one of the councils as to
advise making known to the whites the
situation of the great copper deposits, al-
though these were regarded by the In-
dians as sacred. A favoritescheme which
he advanced and vigorously advocated,
but without effect, was to have the United
States set apart a special reservation for
the half-breeds. In addition to the trea-
ties mentioned Shingabawassin signed
the treaty of Sault Ste Marie, June 11,
1820. He died between 1828 and 1837,
and was succeeded as chief of the Crane
gens by his son Kabay Noden. Consult
Schoolcraft, Pers. Mem., 1851; McKen-
ney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, 1, 1854; War-
ren, Hist. Ojebways, 1885. (ci)
Shiniak. A Kuskwogmiut Eskimo vil-
lage on the gE. shore at the head of deep-
water navigation in Kuskokwim bay,
Alaska, where the Moravian missionaries
have a warehouse. Pop. 40 in 1880; 7 in
1890.
Shineyagamute.—Petroff in10th Census, Alaska, 17,
1884, Shiniagmiut,—Sarichef’s atlas (1826) quoted
SHIN ALUTAOIN—SHINNECOOK
\[B. A. B.
by Baker, Geog. Dict. Alaska, 1901. Shinyaga-
miut.—1lth Census, Alaska, 101, 1893,
Shinnapago, A Kaviagmiut Eskimo
village at Port Clarence, Alaska.—11th
Census, Alaska, 162, 1893.
Shinnecock. An Algonquian tribe or
band on Long id., N. Y., formerly occu-
pying the s. coast from Shinnecock bay to
Montauk pt. Many of them joined the
Brotherton Indiansin New York. About
150 still remain on a reservation of 750
acres, 3m. w. of Southampton, having in-
termarried with negroes until their abo-
riginal character is almost obliterated.
Nowedonah, brother of the noted Wyan-
danch, was once their chief, and on his
death his sister, wife of Cockenoe, became
his successor. In Dec. 1876, 28 Shin-
p
&
SHINNECOCK MAN (HARRINGTON, PHOTO. COURTESY OF “ SOUTHERN
WORKMAN’?
necock men lost their lives in an attempt
to save a ship stranded off Easthampton,
since which time a number, especially
the vounger people, have left the reser-
vation and become scattered. They have
a Presbyterian and an Adventist church;
the men gain a livelihood by employment
as farm-hands, baymen, berrypickers,
etc., and the women as laundresses. A
few families make and sell baskets and a
sort of brush made of oak splints; there
is almost no agriculture. They have lost
all their old customs, and but few words
of their native language survive even in
the memory of the oldest people, although
it was in more or less general use 60 or 70
years ago. Consult Harrington in Jour.
BULL. 30]
Am. Folk-lore, xv1, 37-39, 1903, and in
So. Workman, xxx, no. 6, 1903.
SHINNECOCK WOMAN (HARRINGTON, PHOTO. CouRTESY OF “* SOUTHERN
WorKMAN ”’)
Mochgonnekouck.—W. W.
Tooker, inf’n, 1907
(Dutch name). Shinacock.—Gardener (1660) in
Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll., 3d s., 111, 156, 1833. Shine-
cock,—Deed of 1648 quoted by Thompson, Long
Id., 181, 1839. Shinicoks,—Clark, Onondaga, I, 18,
1849. Shinicooks,—Keanein Stanford, Compend.,
§35,1878. Shinikooks.—Drake, Bk. Inds., xi, 1848.
Shinnacock.— Doc. of 1667 in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist.,
XIV, 601, 1883. Shinnecock.—Deed of about 1640
quoted by Thompson, Long Id., 207, 1839. Sinna-
cock,—Doc. of 1667 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., xiv,
602, 1883. Skinnacock.—Doc. of 1667, ibid., 600,
Southampton Indians.—Gardiner (1660) in Mass.
Hist. Soe. Coll., 3d s., 111, 154, 1833. Southton.—
Doe. of 1676 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., xtv, 711, 1883.
Shipapulima (Zufi: ‘mist -enveloped
town,’ from shipia ‘mist’, vin ‘surround-
ing’, imona ‘sitting place of.’-—Cushing).
The Zuni name of the traditional place
of origin as well as the final resting place
of the Zuni, Keresan, and other Pueblo
tribes, whence came the gods who taught
them their arts, agriculture, and cere-
monies. By the Zui it is said to bea
group of pueblo ruins on the Rio Mancos,
a tributary of the San Juan, ins. w. Colo.;
to the Rio Grande pueblos (called by
them Cibobe) and the Jemez (to whom
it is known as Uabunatota) it is a lagoon
in the same locality. See Bandelier, cited
below; Cushing in 13th Rep. B. A. E.,
1896; Cushing, Zufii Folk Tales, 1900.
Black Lake of Tears.—Lummis, Land of Poco
Tiempo, 136, 1893 Cibobe.—Bandelier in Arch.
Inst. Papers, II, 66, 303, 1890 (Shi-Pap-u, or),
Colela,—MS. of18th century quoted by Bandelier,
ibid., Iv, 30, 1892. Copiala.—Ibid. O-jang-ge P’ho-
quing-ge,—Ibid. (name given by Tewa of San
Juan). Shee-p’ah-péon.—Lummis, Man Who Mar-
ried the Moon, 233, 1894 (Tiguaname). Shi/-pap.—
Whipple, Pac. R. R. Rep., 111, pt. 3, map, 10, 1856.
Shi-Pap-u.,—Bandelier, op. cit., 11, 66, 1890 (or
Cibobe). _Shi-p’a-pu.cLummis, Land of Poco
Tiempo, 75, 1893. Shi-pa-pu-li-ma.—Cushing in
2d Rep. B. A. E., 16,1883. Shi-pap-ulima.—Bande-
lier quoted in Arch. Inst. Rep., v, 40, 1884. Shi-
pa-puyna.—Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, Iv,
SHIPAPULIMA—SHIPAULOVI
551
30, 1892 (Santa Clara Tewa name). Shipop,—
Meline, Two Thousand Miles, 202, 1867. Ua-buna-
tota.—Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, Iv, 207,
1892 (Jemez name).
Shipaulovi (from shipaulavitu, ‘mos-
quitoes,’ because its largest clan consists
of part of the people who formerly lived
at Homolobi, which was abandoned on
account of the mosquitoes (Voth, Trad.
Hopi, 61, 1905). One of the 6 pueblos of
the Hopi (q. v.), situated on the Middle
mesa of Tusayan, N. ©. Arizona. Accord-
ing to Stephen it was built by Walpi
people who hadintermarried with those of
Mishongnovi, and according to Voth the
population was considerably augmented
by the Forehead clan of Homolobi after
the refusal of the inhabitants of Shongop-
ovi to receive them, and to have been
further increased within historic times
by the removal of people from Shongop-
ovi on account of their fear of the Span-
iards after killing the missionaries and
destroying their mission in 1680. In 1782
Morfi (see Fewkes in 17th Rep. B. A. E.,
579, 1898) reported Shipaulovi to contain
only 14 families, a reduction apparently
due to astory circulated by a Shongop-
ovi chief that the Spaniards would again
make their appearance, causing many
of the Shipaulovi people to move to
Shongopovi. The present population is
about 125. (F. W. H.)
Ah-lé-la,—Whipple in Pac. R. R. Rep.. 11, pt. 3,
13, 1856 (Zui name), Ahlelq,.—Whipple, mis-
quoted by Donaldson, Moqui Pueblo Inds., 3,
1893. Cé-pa/-le-ve’.—ten Kate, Synonymie, 6,
1884 (native name; mistranslated ‘house of
peaches’). Cipaulire.—Moffet in Overland Mo.,
2d s,, 248, Sept. 1889. Ci-pau/-lo-vii—Fewkes in
Am. Anthr., Vv, 105, 1892. Cipoliva.—Shipley in
Ind. Aff. Rep., 310, 1891. Ci-pow-lovi.—Ibid.,
1xxx, 1886. Clipalines.—Corbin (1891) in Donald-
son, Moqui Pueblo Inds., 37, 1893 (misprint).
Guipaolave.—Escudero, Not. de Chihuahua, 231,
1834, Guipaulavi.—Cortez (1799) in Pac. R. R.
Rep., 11, pt. 8, 121, 1856. Inparavi.—Calhoun
quoted by Donaldson, op. cit., 14. Juparivi.—
Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, 1,519, 1853 Qset-so-kit-
pee-tsée-lee.—Eaton, ibid., Iv, 220, 1854 (Navaho
name; ef. Tse-itso-kit’-bit-si-li, below). Sesepau-
laba,—Garcés (1776), Diary, 394, 1900 (Yavapai
form). Sesepaulabe.—Garcés quoted by Bande-
lier in Arch. Inst. Papers, III, 135, 1890. Shapala-
wee.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 10,1863. Sha-
pan-la-vi.—Ward (1861) quoted by Donaldson, op.
cit., 14. Shapanlobi.—Taylor, op. cit., June 19,
1863. Sha-pau-lah-wee.—Ives, Col. Riv., map, 1861.
She-banlavi.—Loew in Rep. Geog. Surv. W. 100th
Merid., 178, 1875. Shebaula-vi.—Loew in Pop. Sci.
Mo,, v, 352, July 1874. Shebavilavi.—Gatschet in
Mag. Am. Hist., 260, Apr.1882. She-bo-pav-wee,—
French, Hist. Coll. La., 1, 175, 1875. Sheepon-
arleeve.—Eastman (1853) misquoted by Donald-
son, op. cit., 14. Sheepowarleeve.—Eastman, Map
in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, rv, 24,1854. Shepalavé.—
ten Kate, Reizen, 454, 1885 (mistransl. perziken-
huis, ‘peach house’). Shepalawa.—Beadle, Un-
developed West, 576, 1873. She-pa-la-wee,—
French, Hist. Coll. La., 11, 175, 1875. She-pau/-la-
ve.—Barber in Am. Nat., 730, Dec. 1877. Shepau-
liva,—Clark and Zuck in Donaldson, op. cit., 14.
Shepolavi.i—Mason, ibid. She-powl-a-we,—Pal-
mer in Ind. Aff. Rep., 183, 1870. Shi-pau-a-luv-i, —
Powell in Scribner’s Mag., 203, Dec. 1875. Shi-
pau-i-luv-i.—Ibid., 202. Shi-pau’-la-vi,—Barber
in Am. Nat., 730, Dec. 1877. Shi-pav-i-luv-i.—
Powell in Seribner’s Mag., 196, map, Dec. 1875.
Shi-powl-ovi.—Stephen quoted by Donaldson, op.
592
cit.,14. Shu-par-la-vay,—Irvine in Ind. Aff. Rep.,
160, 1877. Shupatlavi.—Voth, Traditions of the
Hopi, 61, 1905. Shupowla,—Bourke misquoted by
Donaldson, op. cit., 14. Shupowlewy.—Bourke,
Moquis of Ariz, 226, 1884. Suponolevy.—Bourke
in Proc. Am. Antiq. Soc., n. s., I, 244, 1882.
Supowolewy.—Bourke, Moquis of Ariz., 136, 1884.
Tse-itso-kit'-bit-si’-li.i—Stephen, MS., B. A. E.,
1879 (‘miserable dwellings at’: Navaho name).
Waki.—Voth, Traditions of the Hopi, 61, 1905
(former name; sig. ‘refuge house’). Xipaolabi.—
Dominguez and Escalante (1776) in Doc. Hist.
Mex., 2d s., I, 548, 1854.
Shipololonkaia (Shi-po-lo-lon K’ai-a,
‘place of misty waters’). The traditional
fourth resting place of the Zufi on their
eastward migration.—Cushing in Mill-
stone, 1x, 2, Jan. 1884.
Shiptetza (correctly Shiptatsé, referring
to the glancing of an arrow when it strikes
a buffalo’s ribs.—Curtis). A band of the
Crow tribe.
Bear’s Paw Mountain.—Morgan, Anc. Soc., 159,
1877. Shiptatsé.—Curtis, N. Am. Ind., Iv, 38, 45,
1909. Ship-tet-sa,—Culbertson in Smithson. Rep.
1850, 144, 1851. Ship-tet/-za.—Morgan, op. cit.
Shishaiokoi (Cicai’/dgoi). A Squaw-
mish village community on the fF. coast
of Howe sd., Brit. Col.—Hill-Tout in
Rep. Brit. A. A. 8., 474, 1900.
Shishalap (Shi-shd/-ldp). Two Chuma-
shan villages: one formerly between Pt
Conception and Santa Barbara, Cal., in
the locality now called El Cajo Viejo; the
other near San Buenaventura, Ventura
co., at a place later called Frente de la
Calle de Fezueroa.
Chichilop.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, July 24, 1863.
Ci-ca’-lap.—Henshaw, Buenaventura MS. vocab.,
B. A. E., 1884 (c=sh).
Shishlamau ( Cic-ld-md/-u, pron. Shish-ld-
md’-u). AChumashan village formerly ex-
isting near Hueneme, Ventura co., Cal.—
Henshaw, Buenaventura MS. vocab., B.
A. E., 1884.
Shishmaref (after Lieut. Shishmaref,
who accompanied Kotzebue in 1816). A
Kinugumiut Eskimo village at Shishmaref
cape, Alaska.—Post-route map, 1903.
Shitaimu. A former pueblo of the
Eagle clan of the Hopi, situated on the
summit of a large mound &. of Mishong-
novi, Arizona, where traces of numerous
small-roomed houses are found. The
uneven summit of the mound is about
300 by 200 ft, and the village seems to
have been built in the form of an irregu-
lar ellipse, but the ground-plan is very
obscure.
Shi-tai-mu.—Stephen and Mindeleff in 8th Rep.
B. A. E., 28, 1891. Shitaimuvi.—Mindeleff, ibid.,
cpt Shitaumi.—Fewkes in 17th Rep. B. A. E., 581,
Shiu.
N. Mex.
Shiu-t’ainin.—Lummis quoted by Hodge in Am.
Anthr., 1X, 350, 1896 (t’ainin=‘ people’).
Shiuguermi. A Costanoan village
situated in 1819 within 10 m. of Santa
Cruz mission, Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Far-
mer, Apr. 5, 1860.
Shiuwauk ( Ci/-u-wa/-tik). An Alseavil-
lage on the n. side of Alsea r., Oreg.—
The Eagle clan of Isleta pueblo,
SHIPOLOLONKAIA—SHLALKI
[B. A, B.
Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, m1, 230,
1890.
Shivwits. A Paiute tribe formerly in-
habiting the plateau bearing their name
in nN. w. Arizona, and numbering 182 in
1873. There are now (1909) 118 Shiy-
wits in the s. w. corner of Utah, near St
George, where they have about 70 acres
of tillable land, with adjacent land suit-
able for pasturage, while others are said
to be on the Moapa res. in Nevada.
Cehmeque-sabinta,—Cortez (1799) in Pac. R. R.
Rep., Itt, pt. 3, 126, 1856. Chemeguabas Sevintas.—
Garcés (1776) , Diary, 472, 1900. Chemegue-sevicta,—
Orozco y Berra, Geog., 59, 1864. Chemegué Se-
vinta,—Garcés, op. cit., 444. Chevet.—Arricivita
quoted by Bancroft, Nat. Races, 111, 686, 1882.
Kohoaldje.—Kroeber in Univ. Cal. Pub., Am.
Archeol. and Ethnol., vi, 107, 1907 (Mohave
name). Lee-Biches.—Beadle, Undeveloped West,
658, 1873. Paranukh.—Kroeber, op. cit. (Cheme-
huevi name). Savints.—Hinton, Handbook to
Arizona, ‘353, 1878. Seviches.—Hoffman in 10th
Rep. Hayden Sury.,461,1878. Sevinta.—Escudero,
Not. Estad. de Chihuahua, 228, 1834. Sheav-
wits.—Powell and Ingalls in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1873,
42, 50, 1874. Sherwits.—Ingalls in H. R. Ex. Doe.
66, 42d Cong.,3d sess., 2, 1873. Shi/-vwits.—Powell
and Ingalls, op. cit., 50. Sivinte-—Kroeber, op.
cit. (another Mohave name). Sivits,—Ibid.
(another Chemehuevi name). Virgin River Pai-
utes,—Ibid.
Shiwanu. The Ant clan of the Ala
(Horn) phratry of the Hopi.
Ci/-wa-nu win-wi.—Fewkes in Am. Anthr., VI,
401, 1894 (wiifi-wii=clan). g
Shiyosubula (‘sharp-tailed grouse’).
A band of the Brulé Teton Sioux.
Ciyo-subula.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 218,
1897. Siyo-subula.—Ibid. : ,
Shiyotanka (‘prairie chicken’). A
band of the Brulé Teton Sioux.
Ciyo-tanka.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 218,
1897. Pheasants,—Culbertson in Smithson. Rep.
1850, 141, 1851. Siyo-tanka.—Dorsey, op. cit.
Shkagech ((Cgdgetc, ‘her nose’). A
former village of the Tlakluit on Colum-
bia r., Wash. (E. 8.)
Shkanatulu. The extinct Lizard clan of
the pueblo of Sia, N. Mex.
Shkanatulu-hano.—Hodge in Am. Anthr., 1x, 351,
1896 (hdno=‘ people’).
Shkashtun (Ckac’-tén). A Takelma
band or village on the s. side of Rogue r.,
Oreg., between Hashkushtun and Leaf
cr.—Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 11,
235, 1890.
Shkonana (Cq/é’/nana). A former vil-
lage of the Tlakluit opposite Crates Point
on Columbia r., Wash. (E. 8.)
Shkuet (C’kuet). Shoshonees.—Gallatin in Trans. Am. Antiq.Soc.,
II, 120,188, 306, 1836 (Shoshonee or Snake only);
Halein U.S. Expl. Exped.,v1, 218, 1846 (Wihinasht,
Panasht, Yutas, Sampiches, Comanches); Gallatin
in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc., 1, pt. 1, ¢, 77,1848 (as
above), Gallatin, ibid., 18,1848 (follows Hale; see
below); Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 111,
402, 1853; Turner in Pac. R. R. Rep., III, pt. 3, 55, 71,
76, 1856 (treats only of Comanche, Chemehuevi,
Cahuillo); Buschmann, Spuren deraztek. Sprache,
552, 649, 1859. >Shoshoni.—Hale in U.S. Expl.
Exped., VI, 199, 218, 569, 1846 (Shosh6ni, Wihinasht,
Panasht, Yutas, Sampiches, Comanches); Latham
in Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond.,73,1856; Latham, Opus-
cula, 340, 1860. >Schoschonenu Kamantschen.—
Berghaus (1845), Physik. Atlas, map 17, 1848; ibid.,
1852. >Shoshones.—Prichard, Phys. Hist. Man-
kind, v. 429, 1847 (or Snakes, both sides Rocky
mountains and sources of Missouri). =Shéshoni.—
Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 154,1877; Gatschet in
Beach, Ind. Miscel.,426,1877. Snake.—
Gallatin in Trans. Am. Antiq. Soc., 11, 120, 133, 1836
(or Shoshonees); Hale in U.S. Expl. Exped., vi,
218, 1846 (as under Shoshonee); Prichard, Phys.
Hist. Mankind, v, 429, 1847 (as under Shoshones);
Turner in Pac. R. R. Rep., III, pt. 3, 76, 1856 (as un-
der Shoshonees); Buschmann, Spuren der aztek.
Sprache, 552, 649, 1859 (as under Shoshonees).
Kizh.—
Halein U.S. Expl. Exped.,v1,569, 1846 (San Gabriel
language only). >Netela.—Hale, ibid., 569, 1846
(San Juan Capestrano language). >Paduca.—
Prichard, Phys. Hist. Mankind, v, 415, 1847 (Cu-
manches, Kiawas, Utas); Latham,Nat. Hist. Man.,
310, 326, 1850; Latham (1853) in Proc. Philol. Soe.
Lond., VI, 73,1854 (includes Wihinast, Shoshoni,
Uta); Latham in Trans. Philol. Soe. Lond., 96, 1856;
Latham,Opuscula, 300,360,1860. Cumanches.—Gallatin in School-
SHOSHONI
[B. A. B.
craft, Ind. Tribes, 111, 402, 1853, >Netela-Kij.—
Latham (1853) in Trans. Philol. Soc, Lond., vi, 76,
1854 (composed of Netela of Hale, San Juan Capis-
trano of Coulter, San Gabriel of Coulter, Kij of
Hale), >Capistrano.—Latham in Proc. Philol.Soe
Lond., 85, 1856 (includes Netela of San Luis Rey
and San Juan Capistrano, the San Gabriel or Kij of
San Gabrieland San Fernando). =Shoshonean,—
Powell in 7th Rep. B. A. E., 108, 1891.
Shoshoni. The most northerly division
of the Shoshonean family. They for-
merly occupied w. Wyoming, meeting the
Ute on the s., the entire central and
southern parts of Idaho, except the terri-
tory taken by the Bannock, n. 5. Nevada,
and a small strip of Utah w. of Great
Salt lake. The Snake r. country in
URIEWISHI, A SHOSHONI
Idaho is, perhaps, to be considered their
stronghold. The northern bands were
found by Lewis and Clark in 1805, on
the headwaters of the Missouri in w.
Montana, but they had ranged previously
farther ©. on the plains, whence they
had. been driven into the Rocky mts.
by the hostile Atsina and Siksika, who
already possessed firearms. Nowhere
had the Shoshoni established themselves
on the Columbia, although they reached
that river on their raiding excursions.
The origin of the term Shoshoni ap-
pears to be unknown. It apparently is
not a Shoshoni word, and although the
name is recognized by the Shoshoni as
applying to themselves, it probably origi-
BULL. 30]
nated among some other tribe. The
Cheyenne name for the Comanche, who
speak the Shoshoni language, is Shishi-
noats-hitineo, ‘snake people’; but they
have a different name for the Shoshoni.
The term Snake seems to have no ety-
mological connection with the designation
Shoshoni. It has been variously and fre-
quently applied to the northern bands of
the Shoshoni, especially those of Oregon.
By recent official usage the term Snake
has been restricted to the Yahuskin and
Walpapi of Oregon. Hoffman was of the
opinion that the name Snake comes from a
misconception of the sign for Snake In-
dian, made by a serpentine motion of
the hand with the index finger extended.
This he thought really has reference to
SHOSHONI WOMEN AND CHILD
the weaving of the grass lodges of the
Shoshoni, a reasonable assumption, since
they are known as ‘‘grass-house people,’’
or by some similar name, among numer-
ous tribes.
The more northerly and easterly Sho-
shoni were horse and buffalo Indians,
and in character and in warlike prowess
compared favorably with most western
tribes. To the w. in western Idaho along
Snake r. and to the s. in Nevada the
tribes represented a lower type. Much
of this country was barren in the extreme
and comparatively devoid of large game,
and as the nature of the country differed,
so did the inhabitants. They depended
for food to a large extent on fish, which
SHOSHONI
557
was supplemented by rabbits, roots, nuts,
and seeds. These were the Indians most
frequently called ‘‘ Diggers.’? They were
also called Shoshokos, or ‘‘ Walkers,”’
which simply means that the Indians
so called were too poor to possess horses,
though the term was by no means re-
stricted to this section, being applied to
horseless Shoshoni everywhere.
None of these Shoshoni were agricul-
turists. In general the style of habita-
tions corresponded to the two types of
Shoshoni. In the n. and 5. they livedin
tipis, but in the sagebrush country to the
w. they used brush shelters entirely, and
Bonneville found the tribes of Snake r.
wintering in such shelters without roofs,
being merely half circles of brush, behind
which they obtained an imperfect pro-
tection from wind and snow. There
were many dialects among the Shoshoni,
corresponding to the greater or less de-
gree of isolation of the several tribes.
They presented, however, no essential
nes and were all mutually intelli-
gible.
In 1909 there were in Idaho 1,766 Sho-
shoni and Bannock under the Ft Hall
school (of whom 474 had recently been
transferred from the old Lemhi res. ), and
about 200 not under official supervision; in
Nevada there were 243 under the Western
Shoshoni school, and about 750 not under
agency or school control; In Wyoming,
under the Shoshoni school, there were
816, formerly known as Washaki’s band,
from its chief. Deducting about 500 Ban-
nock from these figures, the total Sho-
shoni population approximates 3,250.
The Shoshoni divisions, so far as known,
were: Hohandika, Shobarboobeer, Sho-
hoaigadika, Shonivikidika, Tazaaigadika,
Towahnahiooks, Tukuarika, Tussawehe,
Washaki, Wihinasht, and Yahandika.
See also Pohoi. (H. W. H.)
Aliatan.—For forms of this name, see Jetan.
Bik-ta’-she.—Hayden, Ethnog. and Philol. Mo.
Val., 402, 1862 (‘grass lodges’: Crow name),
Chochones.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1878, 192, 1874. Cho-
shon-né, —Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, IT, 867, 1905.
E-wu-ha’/-wu-si.—Hayden, op. cit., 326 (—‘people
that use grass and bark for their lodges or huts’:
Arapaho name), Gens de Serpent.—Orig. Jour.
Lewisand Clark, vi, 106, 1905. Gens des Serpent.—
Lewis and Clark, Discov., 60, 1806 (so called by the
French). Gens du Serpent.—La Verendrye (1742)
in Margry, Déc., vi, 601, 1886. Ginebigénini.—Ba-
raga, Otchipwe-Eng. Dict., 136, L880 (pl. Gine-
bigéniniwog, ‘snake men’: Chippewa name).
Grass House People.—Mooney, Cheyenne Inds.,
422, 1907 (translation of Kiowa name). Indiens-
Serpents.—Gass, Voyage, 185, 1810. Kinebikowin-
iniwak.—Cuoq, Lexique Algon., 167, 1886 (‘ser-
pents’: Algonkin name). Ma-buc-sho-roch-pan-
ga.—Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., 11, Ixxxiv, 1823
(Hidatsa name). Mika-ati—Curtis, N. Am. Ind.,
IV, 186, 1909 (‘grass lodge’: Hidatsaname). Mi'’-
kyaShé.—Ibid., 180 (Crow name, with same mean-
ing). Nation of the Snake.—Jefferys, French
Dom. Am., I, map, 1741. Pe-ji’-wo-ke-ya-o-ti.—
Cook, Yankton MS. vocab., B. A. E., 184, 1882
(=‘those dwelling in grass lodges’; Yankton
name). Pefhi-wokeyotila.—Curtis, N. Am. Ind.,
558
III, 141, 1908 (‘grass-thatch dwellers’: Teton Sioux
name). Pi-ci’-kse-ni-tup’-i-o.—Hayden, Ethnog.
and Philol Mo. Val., 264, 1862 (Blackfoot name),
Serpents.—_Smet, Letters, 62, 1843. Shashones.—
Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, vi, 340, 1905. Shirry-
dikas.—Ross, Fur Hunters, I, 249, 1855 (‘dog-eat-
ers’; given as a division of the Snakes, but
evidently confused with the Arapaho). Sho-
shon.—Clarke in Jour. Anthr. Inst. G. B., Iv, 160,
1875. Sho-Sho-nay.—Gebow, Sho-sho-nay Vocab.,
10, 1868 (Shoshoni name). Sho-sho-ne.—Gass,
Journal, 210, 1807. Shoshonee.—Lewis and Clark
Exped., 11, 587, 1817. Sho-shones.—Orig. Jour.
Lewis and Clark, v, 94, 1905. Shoshoni.—Lewisand
Clark Exped., 11, 587, 1817. Shos-shone.—Ruxton,
Adventures, 243, 1848. Shossoonies.— Scouler
(1846) in Jour. Ethnol. Soe. Lond., I, 239, 1848.
Shothones.—Coke, Ride over Rocky Mts., 294, 1852.
Shiénshus-wichésha.—Curtis, N. Am. Ind., 11, 141,
1908 (‘‘the first part of the word is doubtless an
attempt to say Shoshoni’’). Sin-te’-lida wi-ca-sa.—
Cook, Yankton MS. vocab., B. A. E., 184, 1882 (=
‘Rattlesnake Indians’: Yankton name). Sisizhi-
nin,—Curtis, N. Am. Ind., v, 154, 1909 (‘rattlesnake
men’: Atsina name). Snake Diggers.—Johnson
and Winter, Route Across Rocky Mts., 111, 1846.
Snake Indians.—Writer of 1786 in Mass. Hist. Soc.
Coll., Ist s., 111, 24, 1794. Snegs.—Beltrami, Pil-
grimage, II, 282, 1828. Snoa.—Gatschet, MS.,
B. A. E. (Okinagan name). Soshawnese.—Porter
in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 111, 597, 1853. Sosho-
nees.—Frignet, La Californie, 273, 1867. Sosho-
nes.—Smet, Letters, 36, 1843. So’-so-i-ha’/-ni.—Hay-
den, op. cit., 290 (Cheyenne name). So-so-na.—
Lewis and Clark, Discov., 63, 1806. Sosone.—
Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, 11, 329, 1905. Soso-
nee.—Ibid., Iv, 70. Sosonees.x—Ibid., 11, 244.
Sosones.—Ibid., Iv, 77. Sosone’s,—Ibid., 38. So/-
so-ni.—Hayden, op. cit., 290 (Cheyenne name).
Su’-su-ne.—Cook, Yankton MS. vocab., B. A. E.,
184, 1882 (Yankton name). Wahkiruxkanu-
manke.—Will and Spinden, Mandans, 217, 1906
(Mandan name). Wakidohka-numak,—Curtis,
N. Am. Ind., v, 148, 1909 (‘snake man’: Mandan
name). Wes‘anikacitga.—Dorsey, Qegiha MS.
Dict., B. A. E., 1878 (‘snake people’: Omaha and
Ponca name), Zuzéca wi-¢asa.—Bushotter, inf’n,
1887 (‘snake people’: Teton Sioux name).
Shotlemamish. A body of Salish on Case
inlet, at the s. w. extremity of Puget sd.,
Wash.
Hotlimamish.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 700, 1855.
Hottimamish.—Lane in Sen. Ex. Doc. 52,31stCong.,
Ist sess., 173, 1850. Hottunamish.—Lane in Ind.
Aff. Rep., 162, 1850. Scootle-mam-ish.—Starling,
ibid., 171, 1852. S’Hotle-ma-mish.—Stevens, ibid.,
458, 1854. S’Hotlmahmish.—Stevens in H.R. Ex.
Doc. 37, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 45, 1857. S’hotlma-
mish,—Dall, after Gibbs, in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 1,
241, 1877. S’Kosle-ma-mish.—Gibbs in Pac. R. R.
Rep., I, 485, 1885. Sroo-tle-mam-ish.—Starling in
Ind. Aff. Rep., 170, 1852.
Shoto. A Chinookan tribe or division
found in 1806 by Lewis and Clark on the
n. side of Columbia r., a short distance
from the stream and nearly opposite the
mouth of the Willamette. Their esti-
mated number was 460, in 8 houses.
Shoto.—Lewis andClark Exped., IT, 472, 1814. Sho-
toes.—Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, Iv, 219, 1905.
Showtl. A name of a species of rodent
(Haplodon rufus) of parts of the Oregon-
British Columbia region, known as the
sewellel (q. v.), or shavt’l, the name of
this animal in the Nisqualli and closely
related Salishan dialects. (A, FC.)
Showtucket (Mohegan: nashauetuk-ut,
‘between the rivers..—Trumbull). A
village in the fork of the Shetucket and
Quinebaug rs., near Lisbon, New London
co., Conn. Before King Philip’s war
(1675) it was occupied by a Mohegan
SHOTLEMAMISH—SHRINES
[B. A. E.
band. After the war, in 1678, a band of
friendly Indians from various tribes was
settled there, known as ‘‘ Surrenderers,’’
but after a few years the village was aban-
doned on account of the opposition of
Uncas. (J. M.)
Shatetucket.—Leete (1665) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll.,
4th s., VII, 556,1865. Shatuckett.—Pynchon (1700)
in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., rv, 616, 1854. Shatuskett,—
Owaneco(1700),ibid.,615. Showtucket.—Caulkins,
Norwich, 50, 1866. Surrenderers.—Ibid., 256.
Shregegon. A Yurok village on lower
Klamath r., about a mile above the mouth
of Pekwan cr., N. w. Cal.
Sca-goines.—McKee (1851) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d
Cong., spec. sess., 162, 1853. Schre-gon.—Gibbs
(1851) in Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, 111, 138, 1853.
Ser-a-goines.— Meyer, Nach dem Sacramento,
282, 1855. Seragoins.—McKee, op. cit., 193. Ser-
a-goins,—Ibid., 194. Serragoin.—Schooleraft, Ind.
Tribes, 111, 422, 1853. Shregegon.—A. L. Kroeber,
inf’n, 1906. Sira-grins.—McKee, op. cit., 161. Sri’-
gon.—Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 11, 44, 1877.
Shrines. Places where sacred offerings
are deposited or cult images or objects
are set up. They are fixed or portable,
the tormer often being altar shrines (see
Altar), or consist of stone boxes inclosing
sacred objects. The latter class includes
the sacred bundles of the Pawnee, Papago,
Hopi, and other tribes (see Palladium).
Shrines are common to many tribes
Nn. of Mexico, but perhaps among none
do they now enter more into the religious
life of the people than among the Pueblos,
particularly among the Hopi, whose
shrines will here be described as typical:
Among these people any special spot
consecrated to supernatural beings, where
prayer offerings to them are made, is
called a pahoki, or ‘prayer house,’ gen-
erally translated ‘shrine.’ There are
about a hundred shrines at or near the
pueblo of Walpi, half of which have
special names. They are situated on the
mesa, among the foothills, at springs,
and near the ruins of ancestral villages.
Certain of these places of offering have no
special names, but are called ‘‘rain-cloud
shrines,’’ or ‘‘world-quarter shrines,”’
because situated at the four cardinal
directions from the pueblo. A Hopi
shrine differs from an altar in being a
place in which the offerings remain per-
manently, or until they or their essence
are supposed to be removed by the gods.
Every great ceremony has its special
shrine, but in some of them prayer
offerings are made in all ceremonies.
Many shrines have nothing to mark them
except prayer sticks (q. v.). Common
forms of shrines are circles of small stones
or even a single stone, caves or clefts, a
natural depression in a bowlder, or any
object symbolically marked. The most
elaborate shrines are sealed stone inclo-
sures, sometimes painted with symbols,
and containing symbolic representations
of supernatural beings, idols, water-worn
stones, or fossils. Shrines may be classi-
BULL. 30]
fied either on the basis of their form and
contents or on that of the supernatural
beings to which they are dedicated. Of
the latter, among the Hopi, there are
those of the Earth and Sky gods, Kachina
shrines, and shrines of numerous lesser
supernatural beings.
The most elaborate Earth-goddess
shrine at the East mesa of the Hopi is that
of Talatumsi, situated in the foothills rE.
of Walpi. Itisasealed chamber in which
isaseated idol ofthe Dawn Woman. The
slab ordinarily closing the entrance is
removed every Noy ember , during the New
Fire ceremony, when offerings are placed
near it; and every 4 years the idol is taken
from the shrine and carried to the village.
The shrine of Kokyanwugti, Spider
Woman, another name for the Earth
goddess, isasimple stoneinclosure. The
shrine of Masauu, the god of the Under-
world, is situated in the foothills w. of
Walpi, and consists of a small pile of
stones and twigs. The shrine of Tuwa-
pontumsi, another Earth goddess, con-
tains a petrified log surrounded by slabs
of stone. There are numerous shrines of
the Sky god in the vicinity of Walpi, but
they are generally of very simple con-
struction.
Sun shrines among the Hopi are simple
circles of stone, with openings toward the
point where the sun rises at the time
of the summer solstice. A shrine at
‘‘Wala,’”’ a gap in East mesa, toward the
top of the trail to Hano pueblo, containing
a coiled stone, or natural cast of a shell,
may be considered a Sun shrine. The
Sky-serpent god, Palulukong, has several
shrines, among which may be mentioned
the two great springs in the foothills Er. of
Walpi and Hano.
The Kachina shrine is a closed recep-
tacle constructed of slabs of stone set on
edge. It is situated in the foothills w. of
Walpi, and is ceremonially opened and
closed every July. Individual clans have
their special shrines where offerings are
made to their tutelary ancients. Rain-
cloud and world-quarter shrines are of
the simplest construction, commonly
consisting of circles of small stones.
Shrines sometimes mark places where
mythological events are said to have
happened; thustheshrineof the so-called
Heart-Contained-Here, in the foothills
gE. of Walpi, is supposed to contain the
heart of a god who won a mythic foot-
race. Those who aspire to speed in these
races worship at this shrine.
Human or animal images of wood and
stone, concretionary or botryoidal stones,
carved stone slabs, and fossil shells are
among the permanent objects, not offer-
ings, found in Hopi shrines. The tem-
porary offerings on shrines are prayer
meal and pollen, sticks, clay effigies of
SHRUHWI—SHRUTSUNA
559
small animals, miniature bowls and vases
of water, small bows and arrows, small
dolls, turquoise, shells, and other objects.
Some shrines are known by the char-
acter of their offerings; thus, a warrior’s
shrine contains netted shields, bows, and
arrows; an eagle shrine, painted wooden
imitations of eagle’ seggs. Places where
ceremonial paraphernalia are kept par-
take of the sacred nature of a shrine, and
caves resorted to for prayer are considered
in the same light. All springs of water
are places of prayer offerings, and each
has a shrine either near by or remote.
Zuni ‘‘ prayer houses’’ are no less
numerous and instructive than those of
the Hopi, and are of the same general
character, although several differ in form
from those above mentioned. The best
known Zufi shrine, that of Hepatina,
lies near the village and is said to be con-
secrated to the center of the earth, in
which spot it is supposed tostand. It is
a tri-chambered stone inclosure with
an opening to the §. surmounted by
strangely formed stones. There are nu-
merous shrines on the mesa of Taaiya-
lone, among which that of the Twin
War Gods of the Zufi is the most char-
acteristic.
The most notable of the many shrines
of the Rio Grande pueblos are the stone
pumas of Cochiti.
Consult Curtis, N. Am. Ind., 1-v,
1907-09; Dorsey and Voth in Field Colum-
bian Mus. Pubs., Anthr. ser., 111, nos.
1 and 3, 1901, 1902; Fewkes (1) in foes
Am. Ethnol. and Archeol., 1, 1891;
1892; rv, 1894; (2) in 17th Rep. Ba Ae ne
1898; (3) in Jour. Am. Folk- lore, v, 196,
1892: (4) in Am. Anthr., vm, 346, 1906:
Starr in Am. Antiq., xx, no. 4, 1900;
Stevenson in 11th and 23d Rep. B. A. E.,
1893, 1904; Pepper and Wilson, Hidatsa
Shrine, Mem. Am. Anthr. Asso., 11, pt. 4,
1908. (J. w. F.)
Shruhwi. The Rattlesnake clans of
the Keresan pueblos of Laguna, Acoma,
Cochiti, and Sia, N. Mex. The Laguna
clan came originally from Sia, and forms
a phratry with the MHatsi (Earth),
Skurshka ( Water-snake), and Meyo ( Liz-
ard) clans of that pueblo. The Rattle-
snake clan of Cochitiis extinct. (F.w.H.)
Shqiwi-hanogeh.—Hodge in Am. Anthr., Ix, 352,
1896 (Acoma form; hdnogceh=‘ people’). Shrihwi-
hanuch,—Ibid. (Cochiti form). Sqéwi-hanoch.—
Ibid.(Lagunaform). Sqi-héno.—Ibid. (Sia form).
Shrutsuna. The Coyote clans of the
Keresan pueblos of Laguna, Santa Ana,
Sia, San Felipe, and Cochiti, N. Mex.
Part of the Laguna clan claims to have
come from Zufii and part from Sia. Com-
pare the Laguna (T7st’shki) and Zuii
(Stiski) names of these clans, the two
peoples belonging to distinct linguistic
families. (F. W. H.)
560
Shrotsona-hano.—Hodge in Am. Anthr., Ix, 350,
1896 (San Felipe form; hdéno=‘people’). Shri-
tsuna-hanuch. —Ibid. (Cochiti form). Shurts-iin-
na.—Stevenson in 11th Rep. B. A. E.,19, 1894 (Sia
form). Shutsén-haéno.—Hodge, op. cit. (Santa Ana
form). Shitsun’-hano.—Ibid. (Sia form). Shut-
zuna.—Bandelier, Delight Makers, 251, 1890.
Tstishki-hanoc’.—Hodge, op. cit. (Laguna form).
Shu (‘fish’). A Yuchi clan.
Cu.—Speck, Yuchi Inds., 70, 1909 (c=sh). Shia-
taha.—Gatschet, Uchee MS., B. A. E., 70, 1885
(=‘fish clan’). f
Shubenacadie (Shubenakddi, ‘plenty of
ground-nuts(?).—Trumbull). A Micmac
village and reservation at the head of
Shubenacadie r., nN. of Halifax, Nova
Scotia. Pop. 100 in 1909.
Chibenaccadie,—Doc. of 1746 in N.Y. Doc.Col. Hist.,
x, 70, 1858. Chigabennakadik.—Frye (1760) in
Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll., Ist s, X, 115, 1809. Shuben-
akadie.—Rand, Micmac Reading Bk., 81, 1875.
Shubenecadie.—Macdonald in Can. Ind. Aff. for
1884, xxix, 1885.
Shufina (strictly Tsiphenu, ‘dark-colored
obsidian flakes,’ from tsi, ‘obsidian
flakes,’ phenu, ‘dark’; in the Santa Clara
Tewa dialect the form is Tsifeno.—J. P.
Harrington). A small ancient pueblo
ruin on a castle-like mesa of tufa, N. w.
of Puye and separated from it by Santa
Clara canyon, N. Mex. The s. face
of the mesa is honeycombed with cliff-
dwellings, cut in the rock. While ac-
cording to Santa Clara tradition these
lodges have been occupied within the
historic period, they doubtless date from
a time prior to the advent of the first
Spaniards in the 16thcentury. See 7th
Rep. B. A. E., xxi, 1891; Bandelier, (1)
Delight Makers, 378, 1890, (2) in Arch.
Inst. Papers, tv, 66, 1892; Hewett (1) in
Am. Anthr., v1, no. 5, 1904, (2) in Bull.
32, B. A. E., 1906, (5) in Out West, xxx1,
693-719, 1909. (¥. W. H.)
Shu Finne.—Bandelier, op. cit. Tsifeno.—Har-
rington in Out West, xx x1, 702, 1909 (Santa Clara
Tewa form). Tsiphenu.—Ibid. (San Ildefonso
Tewa form). :
Shuhlanan (‘otter’). A Yuchi clan.
70, 1909 (c=sh).
Culané.—Speck, Yuchi Inds.,
Shu‘lana’2 taha.—Gatschet, Uchee MS., B. A. E.,
71, 1885 (=‘ otter clan’).
Shuimp (Ciimp, ‘strong’). A head
village of the Ntlakyapamuk just above
Yale, Fraser r., Brit. Col.—Hill-Tout in
Rep. Ethnol. Surv. Can., 5, 1899.
Shukhata (‘opossum [town],’ from
shukhita, opossum, lit. ‘white hog’). A
former Choctaw town on the site of the
present Columbus, Ala.—Halbert in Pub.
Ala. Hist. Soc., Mise. Coll., 1, 431, 1901.
Shukhtutakhlit (Shu-qtu’-ta-glil’, ‘man-
eaters’: Kaniagmiut name). A division
of the Ahtena on Copper r., Alaska,
next below the Kangikhlukhmut.—Hoff-
man, MS., B. A. E., 1882.
Shuku. AChumashan village stated by
Indians to have been formerly at the Rin-
con, Santa Barbara co., Cal. Placed by
Taylor. near Santa Inés mission.
Pueblo de las Canoas.—Cabrillo, Narr. (1542), in
Smith, Colec. Doc. Fla., 181, 1857. Shuecu.—Taylor
in Cal, Farmer, Apr. 17, 1868. Shukku,—Ibid.,
May 4, 1860, Shu-ki,—Henshaw, Buenaventura
SHU—-SHUNGIKIKARACHADA
[B. A.B.
MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1884. Xuco.—Cabrillo, Narr.
(1542), in Smith, op. cit., 181. Kueu,—Rep. Geog.
Surv. W. 100th Mer., vu, 307, 1879.
Shulya (‘beaver’). Given by Bourke
(Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 1, 181, 1889) as a
gens of the Mohave, q. v.
Shumasitcha (Keresan: ‘the corpse on
thesummit’). A ruin of unknown origin
on a mesa w. of Rito, near Hasatch, N.
Mex. In modern times it has been
temporarily occupied by the Laguna In-
dians, during their wars with the Navaho
and Apache, as a stronghold for the pro-
tection of their flocks. So called from
the fact that the corpse of a herder, who
had been killed by a wild animal, was
once found on the highest point of the
mesa.—Pradt quoted by Hodge in Am.
Anthr., Iv, 346, 1891.
Shumig. A former Yurok village on
the n. w. coast of California, at Patrick’s
Point, 5 or6m.N. of Trinidad. It was
not inhabited in historic times, except
as a camp site, but is important in
mythology.
Shuminkyaiman (Shu/-mingk’ ya-i/man:
Shu’-me-k‘u-li, the mythic man-bird of
the Ka’ka or esoteric Shu’-me-kwe; in-
k’ya, ‘region anciently frequented by,
acted in,’ ete.; man, ‘home of,’ ‘sitting
place of’). A hill and section of country
where the Shumekuli being of Zuni
mythology was captured by the Shaalako;
situated about 13 m. s. of Zui pueblo,
N. Mex. The whole country thereabout
is covered with the stone-hut founda-
tions attributed to the Pewikwithltchu
(q. V-) | ! (F. H.C.)
Shuminkia, —Fewkes in Jour. Am. Ethnol, and
Archeol., I, 100, 1891 (given as name of ruins).
Shumnac (Shum/-nac). A former Tigua
pueblo, s. of the Rio Grande, in the vi-
cinity of the present Mexican settlements
of Chilili, Tajique, and Manzano, N.
Mex.—Lummis in Scribner’s Mo., 469,
Apr. 1893.
Shumway Ruin. A ruined prehistoric
pueblo near the town of Shumway, 40 m.
s. of Holbrook, Ariz. It consists of a long
house group, 2 rooms deep, and a paral-
lel group having a wing at right angles at
one end, and between these groups a
plaza.—Hough in Rep. Nat. Mus. 1901,
302, pl. 22, 1903.
Shunaiki. A ruined village claimed to
have been inhabited by the ancestors of
the people of the present pueblo of
Laguna, N. Mex.; situated about 3 m. w.
of the latter. (F. W. H.)
Shungikcheka (‘common dogs’). A
band of the Yanktonai Sioux.
Ciin-iktceka.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 218,
1897. Suy ikéeka.—Ibid.
Shungikikarachada( ‘they whocallthem-
selves from the original dog’). A Win-
nebago gens.
Ge-go’-ni-na.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 240,
1897 (‘wolf’: archaic name). Cunk i-ki’-ka-ra’-
tea-da,—Ibid. Cunk-teank’ i-ki’-ka-ra’-tca-da,—
BULL. 30]
Ibid. Shonk-chun’-ga-d&a.—Morgan, Anc. Soc., 157,
1877
Shungkahanapin (‘wears a dogskin
around the neck,’ i. e. ‘dog necklace’ )
A band of the Brulé Teton Sioux.
Ciiikaha-nap’i.—Dorsey (after Cleveland) in 15th
Rep. B. A. K., 219, 1897. Supkaha napin.—Ibid.
Shungkayuteshni (‘eat no dogs’). A
band of the Miniconjou Sioux.
Cunka-yute-cni.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 220,
1897. Ho-tum’-mi’-hu-is.—Hayden, Ethnog. and
Philol. Mo. Val., 290, 1862 (Cheyenne name).
Shunk’-a-yu-tésh’/-ni.—Ibid., 376. Sunka yute-sni.—
Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 220, 1897. Those that
eat no dogs.—Culbertson in Smithson. Rep. 1850,
142, 1851.
Shunkukedi (named from an_ island
called Shan, ‘old’). Dacotan.—Lapham, Inds. Wis., 6, 1870. >Da-
kotan.—Powell in 1st Rep. B. A. E., xvii, xix, 1881.
>Sioux.—Gallatin in Trans. Am. Antiq. Soc., 1,
121, 306, 1836; Prichard, ‘Phys. Hist. Mankind, y,
408, 1847 (follows Gallatin); Gallatin in Trans.
Am. Ethnol. Soc., 11, pt. 1, xcix, 77, 1848 (as in
1836); Berghaus (1845), Physik. Atlas, map 17,
1848; ibid., 1852; Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind.
Tribes, 111, 402, 1853; Berghaus, Physik. Atlas,
map 72, 1887. >Sioux.—Latham, Nat. Hist. Man,
333, 1850 (includes Winebagoes, Dakotas, Assine-
boins, Upsaroka, Mandans, Minetari, Osage) ;
Latham in Trans. Philol. Soe. Lond., 58, 1856
(mere mention of family); Latham, Opuscula,
327, 1860; Latham, El. Comp. Philol., 458, 1862.
>Sioux-Osages.—Balbi, Atlas Ethnogr., 55, 1826.
>Catawbas.—Gallatin in Trans. Am. Antiq. Soe.,
II, 87, 1886 (Catawbas and Woccons); Bancroft,
Hist. U.S., 111, 245, and map, 1840; Prichard, Phys.
Hist. Mankind, vy, 399, 1847; Gallatinin Trans. Am.
Ethnol. Soe., 11, pt. 1, xcix, 77, 1848; Keane in
Stanford, Compend., Cent. and So. Am., app., 460,
473, 1878. >Catahbas—Berghaus (1845), Physik.
Atlas, map 17, 1848; ibid., 1852. Catawba,—La-
tham, Nat. Hist. Man, 334, 1850 (Woccoon are
allied); Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, eae
40], 1853. >Kataba.—Gatschet in Am. Antiq.,
Iy., 238, 1882; Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., 1, 15,
1884; Gatschet in Science, 413, Apr. 29, 1887.
>Woccons.—Gallatin in Trans. Am. Antiq. Soc.,
II, 306, 1836 (numbered and given as a distinct
family in table, but inconsistently noted in foot-
note where referred to as Catawban family).
>Dahcotas.—Bancroft, Hist. U. S., m1, 243, 1840.
>Dakotas.—Hayden, Ethnog. and Dacotah.—Keane in Stanford, Compend., Cent.
and So. Am., app., 460, 470, 1878 (the following
are the main divisions given: Isaunties, Sissetons,
Yantons, Teetons, Assiniboines, Winnebagos,
Punkas, Omahas, Missouris, Iowas, Otoes, Kaws,
Quappas, Osages, Upsarocas, Minnetarees). >Da-
kota.—Berghaus, Physik. Atlas, map 72, 1887.
=Siouan.—Powell in 7th Rep. B. A. E., 111, 1891.
Sipanum. A former village, presuma-
bly Costanoan, connected with Dolores
mission, San Francisco, Cal.—Taylor in
Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861.
Sipiwithiniwuk (‘river people’). A
epee of the Sakawithiniwuk, or Wood
ree.
Siplichiquin. A former village, pre-
sumably Costanoan, connected with Do-
lores mission, San Francisco, Cal.—Tay-
lor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861.
Sipsisseway. See Pipsissewa.
Sipuca. A former Chumashan village
near Purfsima mission, Santa Barbara
co., Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18,
1861. ‘
Sipushkanumanke (‘grouse people’). A
Mandan gens according to Morgan (Anc.
Soc., 158, 1877); according to Matthews
(Ethnog. Hidatsa, 14, 1877), who is evi-
dently correct, a large band.
Grouse Men.—Matthews, Ethnog. Hidatsa, 14, 1877.
Nu-mah-ka-kee.—Catlin, Okeepa, 5, 44, 1867. Peo-
ple of the Pheasants.—Bowen, Am. Discoy. by the
Welsh, 126, 1876. Peuple de Faisans.—Domenech,
Deserts N. Am., I, 36, 1860. Prairie Chicken, —
Morgan, Anc. Soc., 158,1877. Prairie-hen People. —
Matthews, op. cit. Prairie hens.—Maximilian,
Tray., 335, 1843. See-pohs-ka-mi-mah-ka-kee.—
Bowen, op. cit. See-poosh’-ka,—Morgan, op. cit.
Siposka-numakaki,—Matthews, op. cit. Si-pu’-cka
nu-man’-ke,—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 241,
580
1897. Sipuske-Numangkake.—Maximilian, Tray.,
335, 1843.
Sirmiling. A winter settlement of the
Akudnirmiut Eskimo on the n. coast of
Baffin land, near the n. w. end of Home
bay.
Siaiitne Bons in 6th Rep. B. A. E., map, 1888.
Sirunues. Mentioned by Barcia (En-
sayo, 328, 1723) as a tribe living ou the
borders of New Mexico. Unidentified,
unless possibly intended for Zui.
Sisa(Sis‘-d). A largeChumashan village
formerly in a canyon near Santa Paula,
Ventura co., Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
July 24, 1863; Henshaw, Buenaventura
MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1884.
Sisaguk. A former Aleut village on
Unimak, Aleutian ids., Alaska; pop. 91
in 1833.
Schischaldenskoje.-—Holmberg, Ethnol.
map, 1855. Sheeshaldenskoi.—Elliott, Cond. Aff.
Alaska, 225,1875. Shishaldin.—Petroff in 10th Cen-
sus, Alaska, 35,1884. Shishaldinski.—Baker, Geog.
Dict. Alaska, 577, 1906 (Russian name). Shishald-
inskoe,—Veniaminof, Zapiski, 11, 203, 1840. Sisa-
guk.—Holmberg, Ethnol. Skizz., map, 1855.
Sisahiahut. A former Chumashan vil-
lage near Santa Barbara, Cal.—Taylor
quoted by Bancroft, Nat. Races, 1, 459,
1874.
Siscastac. A former village, presuma-
bly Costanoan, connected with Dolores
mission, San Francisco, Cal.—Taylor in
Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861.
Siscowet, Siscowit. See Siskawet.
Sisibotari. A branch of the Nevome in
s. central Sonora, Mexico; so called from
their chief. Described by Ribas (Hist.
Triumphos, 380, 1645) as the most peace-
able and cultivated of the tribes encoun-
tered up to that time; they differed much
from the Yaqui and Mayo in dress, the
men wearing short mantles in summer
and long cloaks of cotton and agave
thread in winter, and the women petti-
coats of highly dressed and painted skins
or of cotton and agave, and also aprons,
in summer, to which, in winter, was
added a garment like a bishop’s gown
(roqueta). Their houses were of a kind
of adobe unmixed with straw. Their
dances are described as having been very
gay but modest.
Sisichii. A former Chumashan village
in ‘‘Dos Pueblos,’”’ near Santa Barbara,
Cal. (Taylor quoted by Bancroft, Nat.
Races, 1, 459, 1874.) Cf. Lisuchu, Sisuchi.
Sisika. The Swallow clan of San
Felipe pueblo, N. Mex. It was almost
extinct in 1895.
Sisika-hdno.—Hodge in Am. Anthr., Ix, 352, 1896
(hano=‘ people’).
Sisintlae (.S?’/sinzaé, ‘the Si/niaés’).
The name of gentes among the Goasila,
Nakoaktok, Nimkish, Tlauitsis, and true
Kwakiutl.
Sént/ae.—Boas in Petermanns Mitteil., pt. 5, 130,
or Si/sinLaé.—Boas in Rep. Nat. Mus. 1895, 330,
Sisitcanogna. A former Gabrielefio ran-
cheria in Los Angeles co., Cal., ata local-
Skizz.,
SIRMILING—SISSETON
[B. A.B.
ity later known as Pear Orchard.—Ried
(1852) quoted by Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
June 8, 1860.
Sisjulcioy (from Shi-shd/-we-ku-i). A
former Chumashan yillage on the coast
in Ventura co., Cal., in a locality now
called Punta Gorda.
Ci-ca’we-ku-i.—Henshaw,
vocab., B. A. E., 1884.
Farmer, July 24, 1863.
Siskawet. A name, with many vari-
ants, such as siskowet, siskiwit, siskowit,
siskwoet, ciscovet, etc., for Salvelinus nam-
aycush, var. siscowet, a large thick-bodied
salmon of the deep waters of L. Superior.
Its flesh possesses a fine flavor, but is so
fat and oily as to render it almost unfit
for food until after it has been salted and
pickled. After it has been cured with
salt, the fish commands in the market
double the price of the Mackinaw salmon,
of which it is now regarded as a variety.
It is taken in large quantities by the
Canadian French and by Indian fisher-
men by means of the torch and spear.
The name is a Canadian French contrac-
tion and corruption of the cumbersome
Chippewa name pemitewiskawet, ‘that
which has oily flesh.’ The suffix -skawet
is the participial form of the verbal suffix
-skawe, denoting that a fish has flesh of a
character denoted by the attributive pre-
fix. The flesh of other animals is denoted
by the suffix -shkiwe. (w. R. G.)
Siskhaslitun (,Sis’-qas-li’-ttim). A former
village of the Chetco on the s. side of
Chetco r., Oreg.—Dorsey in Jour. Am.
Folk-lore, 111, 236, 1890.
Siskiwit, Siskowit, Siskwoet. See Siska-
wet.
Sisolop. A former Chumashan village
near Purisima mission, Santa Barbara
co., Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18,
1861.
Sissabanonase. A former Chumashan
village near Santa Barbara mission, Cal.—
Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 24, 1863.
Sisseton (‘lake village’). One of the
seven original tribes of the Dakota.
They appear to have formed a link be-
tween the eastern and western tribes,
though generally included in the eastern
division, with which they seem to have
the closest affinity. Riggs says that the
intercourse between the Mdewakanton
on the Mississippi and lower Minnesota
rs. and the Wahpeton, Wahpekute, and a
part of the Sisseton has been so constant
that but slight differences are discover-
able in their manner of speaking, though
the western Sisseton show greater differ-
ence in their speech. This tribe was in
existence at the coming of the whites.
Rey. T. S. Williamson, who was well
acquainted with the history, traditions,
languages, and customs of the eastern
Dakota, says: ‘‘From what was written
on this subject by Hennepin, La Hontan,
Buenaventura MS.
Sisjulicoy.—Taylor in Cal,
BULL. 30]
Le Sueur, and Charlevoix, and from the
maps published under the superinten-
dence of these authors, it is sufficiently
clear that in the latter part of the 17th
century the principal residence of the
Isanyati Sioux [Mdewakanton, Wahpe-
ton, Wahpekute, and Sisseton] was about
the headwaters of Rum r., whence they
extended their hunts to St Croix and Mis-
sissippi rs., and down the latter nearly or
quiteasfaras the mouth ofthe Wisconsin.”’
(Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1, 295, 1872.)
The first recorded mention of the tribe is
probably that of Hennepin (Descr. La.,
1683), who said that in the neighbor-
hood of Mille Lacs were many other
lakes, whence issue several rivers, on the
banks of which live the Issati, Nadoues-
sans Tinthonha (Teton), Oudebathon
(Wahpeton) River people, Chongaske-
thon (Sisseton ), and other tribes, all com-
prised under the name Nadouessiou.
This locates the tribe in 1680 in the
vicinity of Mille Lacs, not in the region
of Rainy lake, as Hennepin’s map appears
toplacethem. Inthe Prise de Possession
of May 1689, they are mentionedas living,
the greater part of them, in the neigh-
borhood of the Mdewakanton, in the
interior N. £. of the Mississippi. Du Luth,
who was in that region as early as July
1679, found them in the vicinity of the
Wahpeton. The statement that a part of
the tribe was in the vicinity of Mille Lacs
at the time of Hennepin’s visit (1680) in-
dicates that the division into the two
bands had already taken place. Pike
states that the two divisions, the Kahra
and the Sisseton proper, hunted eastward
to the Mississippi and up that river as
far as Crow Wing r. Long (Exped. St
Peters R., 1824) names the divisions the
Miakechakesa and Kahra, giving as the
number of the latter 1,500, and that of
the former 1,000. Lewisand Clark (1804)
located them on the headwaters of Min-
nesota r. Schermerhorn, following Pike,
said they were on the upper parts of
Red r. of L. Winnipeg, and that they
roved on the Mississippi and also on
Crow Wing r., which was the bound-
ary between them and the Chippewa.
Brown (1817) gave their habitat as on
Minnesota r. up to Big Stone lake.
According to Ramsey (1849) they then
claimed all the lands w. of Blue Earth r.
to James r.,S. Dak. Their principal vil-
lage was located near L. Traverse. In
1854 the distributing point of annuities
for the Sisseton and Wahpeton was then
at Yellow Medicine r. Subsequently
they were gathered on a reservation.
Lewis and Clark estimated the number
of warriors in 1804 at 200, and a total
population of about 800. According to
Neill they numbered 2,500 in 1853.
The combined population of the Sisseton
SISSETON
581
and Wahpeton at L. Traverse res. in
1886 was 1,496. In 1909 there were 1,936
of both tribes at the Sisseton agency,
8. Dak., and in North Dakota 980 Sis-
seton, Wahpeton, and Pabaksa, repre-
senting bands that fled thither after the
Minnesota massacre of 1862.
Two subdivisions were mentioned by
Pike (1811) and Long (1824), the Miake-
chakesa, or Sisseton proper, and the
Kahra. Rev. 8. R. Riggs, in a letter to
Dorsey (1882), gives the following bands:
Chanshdachikana; Tizaptan; Okopeya-
Amdowapuskiyapi; Basdecheshni; Ka;
pozha; Ohdihe. Rey. E. Ashley, in a
letter to Dorsey (1884), gives these, with
the exception of the first, named from
LITTLE SHORT-HORN, A SISSETON
chief Sleepyeye, and adds the following:
Witawaziyataotina; Itokakhtina; Kakh-
miatonwan; Maniti; Keze; Chankute.
Bands that can not be identified with any
of these are the Grail and Little Rock
bands, Mechemeton, Red Iron band, and
the Traverse des Sioux and Wabey bands.
The Sisseton made or joined in the fol-
lowing treaties with the United States:
Prairie du Chien, Mich. Ter., July 15,
1830; St Peters, Minn., Nov. 30, 1836;
Traverse des Sioux, Minn. Ter., July 23,
1851; Washington, D. C., June 19, 1858;
Feb. 19, 1867; Lake Traverse res., Dak.
Ter., Sept. 20, 1872 (unratified); agree-
ment at Lac Traverse agency, Dak. Ter.,
May 2, 1873. By resolution of the Sen-
582
ate, June 27, 1860, the right and title of
certain bands of Sioux, including the
Sisseton, to lands embraced in the reser-
vation on Minnesota r., were confirmed.
Chongas Kabi.—Bacqueville de la Potherie, Hist.
Am., II, map, 1753 (‘nation des forts’). Chon-
gaskaby.—Hennepin, New Discov., map, 1698.
Cissitons.—Lewis and Clark, Exped., 11, 442, 1814.
Kienketons.—Badin in Ann. de la Prop. de la Foi,
Iv, 536, 1843 (possibly identical). Marsh Village
Dakotas.—Riggs, Dak. Gram. and Dict., xvi, 1852.
Marsh Villagers.—Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., 11, pt. 2,
84,1864. Sankaskitons.—Lahontan (1688) quoted
by Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 72, 1850. Sausse-
tons.—Pike quoted by Schermerhorn in Mass. Hist.
Soc. Coll., 2d s., 11, 40,1814. Schahswintowaher.—
Balbi, Atlas Ethnog., 55,1826. Seeseetoan.—Sioux
petition (1852) in Sen. Ex. Doe. 29, 32d Cong., 2d
sess., 3, 1853. See-see-ton.—Treaty of 1853 in U.S.
Ind. Treaties, 879, 1873. Seeseetwaun.—Ramsey in
Minn. Hist. Soe. Coll., I, 47, 1856. See-see-wan.—
Ramsey (1853) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 61, 33d Cong., Ist
sess, 324, 1854. Seesetoan.—Marshall (1852) in Sen.
Ex. Doc. 29, 32d Cong., 2d sess., 8, 1853. See-
se-ton.—Sweetser in Sen. Rep. 90, 36th Cong., 1st
sess., 1, 1860. Se-see-toans.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 15,
1858. Se-see-t’wawns.—Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep.
1849, 84, 1850 (pronunciation). Sesetons.—Pres-
eott in Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, 11, 185, 1852.
Sesiton Sioux.—belcourt in Ind. Aff. Rep., 279,
1854. Sessatone.—Brackenridge, Views of La., 78,
1815. Sessatons.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, VI, 350,
1857. Sesseton.—Prescott in. Schooleraft, Ind.
Tribes, 11, 155, 1852. Shahsweentowahs.—Carver,
Tray., 60, 1778. Shiveytown.—Doc. 1786 in Mass.
Hist. Soc. Coll., 1st s., 111, 24, 1794. Sinsitwans.—
Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 72, 1850. Sisa-
toone.—Arrowsmith, Map N. Am., 1795, ed. 1814.
Sisatoons.—Lewis and Clark, Exped., 1, 166, 1814.
Siseton.—Prescottin Ind. Aff. Rep., 283, 1854. Sise-
twans.—Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 72, 1850.
Sisin-towanyan.— Williamson in Minn. Geol. Rep.
for 1884, 110. Sisitoan.—Long, Exped. St. Peters
R., 1, 378,1824. Sisitons.—Lewis and Clark, Exped.,
II, 459, 1814. Si-si’-ton-wan.—Riggs, Dak. Gram.
and Dict., 186, 1852. Si-si-ton-wans,—Ramsey in
Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 84, 1850. Si-si-t’wans.—Ibid.,
74. Sissaton.—Gale, Upper Miss., 229, 1867. Sis-
satones.—LewisandClark, Discov., 24,1806. Sissee-
ton.—U. S. Stat. at Large, x1I, 1037, 1863. Sisse-
toans.—Neill, Hist. Minn., 122, 1858. Sisseton.—
U.S Ind. Treaties, 640, 1826. Sissetong.—Treaty
of 1831 in U. S. Stat. at Large, VII, 328, 1846.
Sissetonwan.—Neill, Hist. Minn., 80, 1858. Sissi-
toan.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1856, 38, 1857. Sissi-
ton.—Nicollet, Rep. on Upper Miss. R., 18, 1843.
Sissitongs.—Schoolcraft, Tray., 307, 1821. Sissi-
t’wan.—Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 75, 1850.
Sistasoona.—Coyner, Lost Trappers, 70, 1847.
Sistasoone.—Lewis and Clark, Exped., I, 62, 1814.
Sistons.—Balbi, Atlas Ethnogr., 55, 1826. Si-
’*twans.—Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 74, 1850.
Songasketons.—Domenech, Deserts N. Am., II, 26,
1860. Songaskicons.—Du Luth (1679) quoted ! y
Neill, Hist. Minn., 122, 1858. Songasquitons.—Le
Sueur (1700) in Margry, Déc., VI, 86, 1886. Songasti-
kons.—Du Lhut (1678) in Margry, Déc., VI, 22, 1886.
Songats.—Harris, Coll. Voy. and Tray., I, map,
1705. Songatskitons.—Crepy (ca. 1783), Carte gé).
de l’Am. Séptent. Songeskitons,—Doc. of 1689 in
N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., rx, 418, 1855. Songeskitoux.—
Perrot (1689) in Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., 11, pt. 2, 31,
1864. Songestikons.—French, Hist. Coll. La., II,
122,1875. Sonkaskitons.—Lahontan, New Voy., I,
231, 1703. Sougaskicons.—Du Luth (1679) in N. Y.
Doe. Col. Hist., 1x, 795, 1855. Sousitoons.—Lewis
‘and Clark Exped., 1, 101, note, 1893. Susseetons.—
Ind. Aff. Rep., 495, 1839. Sussetongs.—Brown,
West. Gaz., 208, 1817. Sussetons.—Snelling, Tales
of Northwest, 39, 1830 (trans.: ‘people who end
by curing’). Sussetonwah.—Prescott (1847) in
Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, I, 168, 1852. Sussi-
tongs.—Pike, Exped., 49, 1810.
Sissipahaw. A former small tribe of
North Carolina, presumably Siouan, from
their allianceand associations with known
Siouan tribes. They must have been an
SISSIPAHAW—SITKA
[B. A. E.
important tribe at one time, as Haw r.,
the chief head stream of Cape Fear r.,
derives its name from them, and the
site of their former village, known in 1728
as Haw Old Fields, was noted asthe largest
body of fertile land in all that region. It
was probably situated about the present
Saxapahaw on Haw r., in the lower part
of Alamance co., N.C. They were men-
tioned by Lawson in 1701, but he did not
meet them. Nothing more is known of
them beyond the general statement that
they and other tribes of the region joined
the Yamasee against the English in the
war of 1715. (3. eg}
Sauxpa.—Vandera (1569) in Smith Colec. Doc.
Fla., 17,1857 (probably identical). Saxapahaw.—
Bowen, Map Brit. Am. Plantations, 1760. _ Sippa-
haws,—Martin, Hist. No. Car., 1,129, 1829. Sissipa-
hau.—Lawson (1701), Hist. Carolina, 94, 1860.
Sissispahaws,—Latham, Varieties of Man, 334, 1850.
Sisuch. A former Chumashan village
near Santa Barbara, Cal.—Taylor in Cal.
Farmer, Apr. 24, 1863.
Sisuchi. A former Chumashan village
near Santa Inés mission, Santa Barbara
co., Cal. (Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18,
1861). Cf. Lisuchu, Sisithii.
Sitaptapa (Si-td’p-ti-pd). A former
Chumashan village on or near the site of
the present town of Nordhoff, Ventura
co., Cal.— Henshaw, Buenaventura MS.
vocab., B. A. E., 1884.
Sitarky. A former Seminole village be-
tween Camp Izard and Ft King, w. Fla.;
doubtless named from its chief.
Sitarky’s.—H. R. Doc. 78, 25th Cong., 2d sess., map,
768-769, 1838.
Sitiku (Si/tiki’, or Sa/tagd’). A former
Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee
r., at the entrance of Citico cr., in Mon-
roe co., Tenn. The name, which can not
be translated, iscommonly spelled Citico,
but appears also as Sattiquo, Settico, Set-
tacoo, Sette, Sittiquo, etc.—Mooney in
19th Rep. B. A. E., 531, 1900.
Settacoo.—Timberlake, Memoirs, map, 1765. Set-
te.—Bartram, Travels, 371, 1792 (identical?). Sit-
tiquo.—Doc. of 1755 quoted by Royce in 5th Rep.
B. A. E., 142, 1887.
Sitintajea. A former rancheria_ con-
nected with Dolores mission, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct.
18, 1861.
Sitka (prob. meaning ‘on Shi,’ the na-
tive name of Baranof id.). A Tlingit
tribe, named from their principal town,
on the w. coast of Baranof id., Alaska.
Their territory extends over all of this
island and over the southern part of Chi-
chagof. Pop. 721 in 1880, of whom 540
were in Sitka town; 815 in 1890. For-
mer towns in the Sitka territory were
Dahet, Keshkunuwu, Kona, Kustahek-
daan, Tlanak, and Tluhashaiyikan. Sil-
ver Bay was a summer camp. Social
divisions were Kagwantan, Katagwadi,
Katkaayi, Kiksadi, Kokhittan, and
Tluknahadi. See Old Sitka. (J. R.8.)
§-chitcha-chon.—Langsdorff, Voy., I, 128, 1814.
BULL. 30]
Schitka.—Holmberg, Ethnol. Skizz., map, 142, 1855.
Schitka-kon.— Krause, Tlinkit Ind., 118, 1885.
Schitkhakhoan.—Ibid., 11. Seethenskie.—Elliott,
Cond. Aff. Alaska, 227, 1875 (transliterated from
Veniaminoff). Sitca.—Latham in Jour. Ethnol.
Soe. Lond., 1, 163, 1848. Sitcha, — Holmberg,
Ethnol. Skizz., map, 142, 1855. Sitka-kwan.—Dall
in Proc. A. A. A. §. 1869, 269, 1870. Sitka-qwan.—
Emmons in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 111, 232,
1903. Sitkas.—Colyer in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1869, 572,
1870. Sitkhinskoe.—Veniaminoff, Zapiski, 11, pt.
111, 30, 1840. ;
Sitkoedi (S/ itqoe’di, ‘people of Sitko’).
A division of the Tlingit at Sumdum,
Alaska, of the Wolf phratry. (J. R. 8s.)
Sitlintaj. A former rancheria con-
nected with Dolores mission, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct.
18, 1861.
Sitnazuak. A village of the Kaviagmiut
Eskimo w. of C. Nome, Alaska; pop. 20 in
1880.
Chitashuak.—Jackson in Rep. Bur. of Ed., map,
1894. Chitnashuak.—Petroff in 10th Census,
Alaska, 11, 1884. ;
Sitolo. A former Chumashan_ village
near Purisima mission, Santa Barbara
co., Cal.
Sautatho.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861.
Sitolo.—Ibid. ; }
Sitsimé. Said to be the name applied
to themselves by the inhabitants of the
Keresan (Queres) pueblos of Acoma and
Laguna (q. v.), with their outlying vil-
lages, w. central N. Mexico. Thelanguage
of these pueblos differs slightly in dialect
from that of the Rio Grande Queres, as
well as from each other.
Kan-ayko.—Loew (1876) in Wheeler Surv. Rep.,
Vil, 345, 1879 (misprint nm for u; ef. Laguna).
Kawaiko,—Ibid.,418. Sis-stsi-mé.—Ibid., 345. Si-
stsi-mé.—Loew in Ann. Rep. Wheeler Sury., app.
LL., 178, 1875. Sitsimé.—Loew in Wheeler Sury,
Rep., VII, 418, 1879. Tse-mo-é.—Ibid., 339 (another
form). ,
Sits-in-the-Middle. See Many Horses.
Sitting Bull (Tata”ka Yotarka, ‘sitting
buffalo bull’). A noted Sioux warrior
and tribal leader of the Hunkpapa Teton
division, born on Grand r., 8. Dak., in
1834, his father being Sitting Bull, alias
Four Horns, a subchief. As a boy he
was first known as Jumping Badger. He
manifested hunting ability when but 10
years of age, in the pursuit of buffalo
calves. When he was 14 he accom-
panied his father on the warpath against
the Crows and counted his first coup on
the body of a fallen enemy. On the
return of the party his father made a
feast, gave away many horses, and an-
nounced that his son had won the right
to be known henceforth by hisown name.
According tothe native interpretation of a
Dakota winter count his name was Four
Horn, and was changed to Sitting Bull
when he ‘‘ made medicine’’in 1857. The
name is quite common among the Plains
tribes. He rapidly acquired influence in
hisown band, beingespecially skilfulin the
character of peacemaker. He took an
active part in the Plains wars of the’60’s,
and first became widely known to the
SITKOEDI—SITTING BULL
583
whites in 1866, when he led a memorable
raid against Ft Buford. Sitting Bull was
on the warpath with his band of follow-
ers from various tribes almost continu-
ously from 1869 to 1876, either raid-
ing the frontier posts or making war
on the Crows or the Shoshoni, espe-
cially the former. His autographic
pictorial record in the Army Medical Mur
seum at Washington refers chiefly to con-
tests with the Crows and to horse stealing.
SITTING BULL
His refusal to go upon a reservation in
1876 led Gen. Sheridan to begin against
him and his followers the campaign which
resulted in the surprise and annihilation
of Custer’s troop on Little Bighorn r.,
Mont., in June. During this battle, in
which 2,500 to 3,000 Indian warriors were
engaged, Sitting Bull was in the hills
“making medicine,’’? and his accurate
foretelling of the battle enabled him ‘‘to
come out of the affair with higher honor
than he possessed when he went into it”
(McLaughlin). After this fight the hos-
tiles separated into two parties. Sitting
Bull, in command of the western party,
was attacked by Gen. Miles and routed;
a large number of his followers sur-
rendered, but the remainder of the band,
including Sitting Bull himself, escaped to
Canada, where they remained until 1881,
when he surrendered at Ft Buford under
promise of amnestyand was confined at Ft
Randall until 1883. Although he had sur-
rendered and gone upon a reservation,
584
Sitting Bull continued unreconciled.
It was through his influence that the
Sioux refused to sell their land in 1888;
and it was at his camp at Standing Rock
agency and at his invitation that Kicking
Bear organized the first Ghost dance on
the reservation. The demand for his ar-
rest was followed by an attempt on the
part of some of his people to rescue him,
during which he was shot and killed by
Sergeants Red Tomahawk and Bullhead
of the Indian police, Dee. 15, 1890. His
son, Crow Foot, and several others, with
six of the Indian police, were also killed
in the struggle. Although a chief by in-
heritance, it was rather Sitting Bull’ssuc-
cess as an organizer and his later reputa-
tion as a sacred dreamer that brought
him into prominence. According to
McLaughlin, ‘‘his accuracy of judgment,
knowledge of men, a student-like disposi-
tion to observe natural phenomena, and a
deep insight into affairs among Indians
and such white people as he came into
contact with, made his stock in trade, and
he made ‘good medicine.’’’? He stood well
among his own people, and was respected
for his generosity, quiet disposition, and
steadfast adherence to Indianideals. He
had two wives at the time of his death
(one of whom was known as Pretty
Plume), and was the father of 9 children.
His eldest son was called Louis.
Consult Dunn, Massacres of the Mts.,
1886; Finerty, War Path. and Bivouac,
1890; W. F. Johnson, Life of Sitting Bull,
1891; McLaughlin, My Friend the In-
dian, 1910; Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E.,
1896; Walker, Campaigns of General Cus-
ter and Surrender of Sitting Bull, 1881.
Sittintac. A former rancheria con-
nected with Dolores mission, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct.
18, 1861.
Situchi. A former Chumashan village
situated near Santa Inés mission, Santa
Barbara co., Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
Oct. 18, 1861.
Siuktun. A Chumashan village given by
Tayloras having been situated near Santa
Inés mission, Santa Barbara co., Cal.,
and said by the Ventura Indians to have
been on the harbor of Santa Barbara.
Seyuktoon.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, May 4, 1860.
Si-ik-tun,—Henshaw, Buenaventura MS. vocab.,
B. A. E., 1884.
Siupam (or Suipam?). A tribe met by
Fr. San Buenaventura y Olivares and Fr.
Espinosa in Apr. 1709, at San Pedro
Springs, San Antonio, Texas. The ran-
cheria in which they were living was
composed of this tribe, Chaulamas, and
Sijames, and was estimated by Fr.
Espinosa at 1,000 persons. (The Chaula-
mas were probably the Xarames, for in
the Spanish of that day ch and z, as well
as/ andr, were frequently interchange-
able. Moreover, this was the home of
the Xarames.) The Pampopas, who had
SITTINTAC—SIVINGANEK
[B. A. B,
accompanied the padres from Medina r.,
remained at the rancheria when the lat-
ter continued their journey northeast-
ward (Fray Isidro Felis de Espinosa
Diario, 1709, MS). When the mission-
aries returned a few days later the ran-
cherias had been moved down-stream,
an indication of the unfixed character of
their villages. The tribe is perhaps the
same as the Siguipam, of the Texas coast
country, who later were at San Francisco
de la Espada mission. In 1754 a portion
of the tribe deserted to the Rio Grande
missions, but were brought back by Fr.
Bartholomé Garcia (MS. in Arch. Col.
Santa Cruz, K. Leg. 19, no. 34). See
Seguipam. (a. E. B.)
Siuslaw. A small Yakonan tribe for-
merly living on and near Siuslaw r.,
w. Oreg. It is now nearly extinct,
a few survivors only being on the
Siletz res. The following were the for-
mer villages of the Siuslaw as ascertained
by Dorsey in 1884 (Jour. Am. Folk-—
lore, ur, 230, 1890): Khaikuchum,
Khachtais, Hauwiyat, Kumiyus, Kha-
Jakw, Khakhaich, Hilakwitiyus, Thla-
chaus, Kwsichichu, Mithlausmintthai,
Stthukhwich, Chimuksaich, Waitus,
Shkutch, Paauwis, Pilumas, Tiekwachi,
Kumkwu, Tsatauwis, Kwuskwemus,
Kwulhauunnich, Thlekuaus, K wultsaiya,
Pithlkwutsiaus, Wetsiaus, Kuskussu,
Kupimithlta, Tsahais, Matsnikth, Pia,
Khaiyumitu, Yukhwustitu, Kwunnumis,
Tsiekhaweyathl.
Cai-yu’-cla.—Dorsey, Alsea MS. vocab., B. A. E.,
1884 (Alsea name). K’gu-qwie’ yinné.—Dorsey,
Nalttinnettinné MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1884 (Nal-
tunnename). K’qlo-qwec 3inné.—Dorsey, Chasta
Costa MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1884 (Chastacosta
name). Linslow.—Drew (1855) in H. R. Ex. Doe.
93, 34th Cong., Ist sess., 94, 1856. Sainstkla,—
Hale in Wilkes Exp]. Exped., VI, 204, 1846. Saius-
tkla,—Ibid., 221. Sai-yu’-sla-me’ yinné.—Dorsey,
Chetco MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1884 (Chetco name),
Sai-yus’-t‘cti-me’ ytinné.—Dorsey, NaltQnnetinné
MS. vocab., B. A. E.,1884(Naltunnename). Sali-
ttla,—Parker, Journal, 257, 1840. Sayonstla,—
Framboise quoted by Gairdner (1835) in Jour.
Geog. Soe. Lond., XI, 255, 1841. Sayousla.—Brooks
in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1862, 299, 1863. Sayouslaw.—Ind.
Aff. Rep.,479,1865. Sayaiskla.—Gatschetin Globus,
XXXV, no. 11, 168, 1879. Saytstkla.—Gatschet in
Beach, Ind. Misc., 441, 1877. Scinslaw.—Many-
penny (1856) in H. R. Ex. Doe. 37, 34th Cong., 3d
sess., 9, 1857. Sciuslau.—Gibbs, Obs. on Coast Tribes
of Oreg., MS., B. A. E. Seinslaw Eneas,—Dole in
Ind. Aff. Rep., 220, 1861. Senslaw Eneas.—Ibid.,
1863, 510, 1864. Senslaws.—Ibid., 1857, 321, 1858.
Sheastuckles.—Lewis and Clark, Exped., II, 474,
1814. Sheastukles.—Morse, Rep. to Sec. War, 371,
1822. Shiastuckles.—Lewis and Clark, Exped., I,
118, 1814. Sinselan.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1867, 62, 1868.
Sinselano,—Ibid., 1871, 682, 1872. Sinselau.—Ibid.,
1867, 67, 1868. Sinselaws.—Harvey, ibid., 1863, 79
1864. Siouslaws.—H. R. Rep. 98, 42d Gong., 3d
sess., 428, 1873. Siusclau.—Gibbs, Obs. on Coast
Tribes of Oreg., MS., B. A. E. Siuselaws.—Ind.
Aff. Rep., 470, 1865. Siuslaw.—Drew, ibid., 1857,
359, 1858. Suislaws.—Bancroft, Nat. Races., I, 250,
1882. Syouslaws.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1856, 106, 1857.
Tsana-utaam’/im.—Gatschet, LakmiutMS.,B.A.E.,
105 (Lakmiut name). Tsashtlas.—Domenech,
Deserts, I, map, 1860.
Sivinganek. A village of the Angmag-
salingmiut Eskimo in Sermilik fjord, &.
BULL. 30]
Greenland; pop. 31 in 1884.—Meddelel-
ser om Gronland, x, map, 1888.
Sivingarnarsik. A village of the Ang-
magsalingmiut Eskimo in Sermilik fjord,
gE. Greenland; pop. 31 in 1884.
Sivinganarsik.—Meddelelser om Groénland, xX,
map, 1888. Sivingarnasik,—Ibid., expl. of map.
Siwanoy (from their having been a sea-
coast people, their name may be a cor-
ruption of Siwanak, ‘salt people,’ a dia-
lectic form of Suwanak, aname applied by
the Delawares to the English.—Gerard).
One of the principal tribes of the Wap-
pinger confederacy, formerly living along
the n. shore of Long Island sd. from New
York to Norwalk, Conn., and inland as
far at least as White Plains. They were
one of the seven tribes of the seacoast and
had a number of villages, the principal
one in 1640 being Poningo. (J. M.)
Sewonkeeg.—Owaneco (1700) in N. Y. Doc. Col.
Hist., Iv, 614, 1854 (trans.: ‘western Indians’).
Siwanoos.—De Laet (16383) in N. Y. Hist. Soc.
Coll., 2d s., I, 296, 1841. Siwanoys.—Ruttenber,
Tribes Hudson R., 61, 1872. Sywanois.—Map of
1616 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 1, 13, 1856.
Siwapi. The Sage (Chrysothamnus ho-
wardii) clan of the Patki (Water-house)
phratry of the Hopi.
Shiwahpi.—Voth, Hopi Proper Names, 105, 1905.
Si-vwa’/-pi.—Stephen in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 39, 1891.
Sivwapi winwi.—Fewkes in 19th Rep. B. A. E.,
583, 1900 (wifiwi=‘clan’). f ;
Siwim Pakan. A former Maidu village
a few miles n. of Kelsey, Eldorado co.,
Cal.—Dixon in Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XVII, map, 1905.
Six. See Shakopee.
Siyante. A former Miwok village on
Tuolumne r., Tuolumne co., Cal.
Li-yan-to.—Barbour in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d Cong.,
spec. sess., 252, 1853. Segantes.—Ibid., 69. Si-yan-
te.—Johnson in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 1v, 407,
1854. Si-yan-ti.—Johnston in Sen. Ex. Doe. 61,
32d Cong., Ist sess., 22, 1852. Si-yau-te-—McKee
et al. (1851) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 832d Cong., spec.
sess., 74, 1853. Typoxies.—Johnson in Schoolcraft,
op. cit. (so called from their chief). ‘
Siyita (Siyi’/ta). A Cowichan tribe
whose village was Skuhamen, at Agassiz,
on lower Fraser r., Brit. Col.—Boas in
64th Rep. Brit. A. A. 8., 454, 1894.
Skaddal. A tribe numbering 200 per-
sons, found by Lewis and Clark in 1806
on Cataract (Klikitat) r., 25 m. n. of Big
Narrows, in the present Washington, and
mentioned by Robertson in 1846, under
the name Saddals, as numbering 400.
They subsisted by hunting deer and elk,
and traded with the Eneeshur and
Skilloot for prepared fish. Classed by
Mooney as a division of the Pisquows
living about Boston cr. and Kahchass
lake, at the head of Yakima r.
Lower Yakima.—Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., I, 417,
1855. Saddals.—Robertson (1846) in H. R. Ex.
Doc. 76, 30th Cong., 1st sess., 9, 1848. Scad-dals,—
Lewis and Clark Exped., Coues ed., 111, 958, 1893.
Skaddal.—Ibid., Allen ed., 11, 475, 1814. Skaddals
nation.—Ibid., Coues ed., lI, 1255, 1898. Skaddat,—
Clark (1806) in Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, rv,
811, 1905. Skad-dats.—Ibid., 307. Skad-datts,—
Ibid., 296. Ska’utél.—Mooney in 14th Rep.
B. A. E., 736, 1896.
SIVINGARNARSIK—SK AIAKOS
585
Skae (Sga-i). A Haida town of the
Kaidju-kegawai, formerly close to C. St
James, at the s. end of Queen Charlotte
ids., Brit. Col. It is said to have been
so named because its inhabitants here
skinned the sea lions which they killed
on the Isles Kerouart.—Swanton, Cont.
Haida, 277, 1905.
Skagit. A body ofSalishon ariver ofthe
same name in Washington, particularly
about its mouth, and on the middle por-
tion of Whidbey id., especially at Penn’s
cove. According to Gibbs the population
of the Skagit proper in 1853 was about
300. They are now on Swinomish res.,
Wash. Gibbs makes this division include
the Kikiallu, Nukwatsamish, Towahha,
Smalihu, Sakumehu, Miskaiwhu, Miseek-
wigweelis, Swinamish, and Skwomamish;
but probably nothing more is meant by
this classification than that the dialects of
the several divisions were nearly related
and the geographical position close.
Nothing like political union appears to
have existed among them.
Hum-a-luh.—Mackay quoted by Dawson in Trans,
Roy. Soc. Can., sec. 11, 7, 1891(‘the people’: own
name). Sachet.—Wilkes, U.S. Expl. Exped., Iv,
149, 1844. Sacket.—De Smet, Oregon Miss., 34,
1847. Scad-jat.—Mallet in Ind. Aff. Rep., 198, 1877.
Scatchae.—Gibbs (misquoting Wilkes) in Pace.
R. R. Rep., 1, 485, 1855. Scatchat.—Stevens in Ind.
Aff. Rep.,459,1854. Shatchet.—Farnham, Travels,
111, 1848. Skadjats.—De Smet, Oregon Miss., 61,
18417. Skadjets.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 701,
1857. Skagats.—Lane in Sen. Ex. Doce. 52, 31st
Cong., Ist sess., 173, 1850. Skaget.—Hill in H. R.
Doc. 37, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 79, 1857. Skagit.—
Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., 1, 483, 1855. Sk‘a’-jub.—
McCaw, Puyallup MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1885
‘(Puyallup name).
Skagway ( Cgague’, a term that does not
bear popular interpretation). A former
Chilkat town at the head of Lynn canal,
now noted as the terminus of the Yukon
and White Horse railroad.
Cqague’.—Swanton, field notes, B. A. E., 1904.
Schkagué.—Krause (1882) quoted by Baker, Geog.
Dict. Alaska, 580, 1906. Shkagway,—Nichols (1891),
ibid. Skaguay.—Baker, ibid. Skagwa.—Ibid.
Skahakmehu (‘numerous tribe’). A
Salish division that resided where the
Port Madison ( Wash.) mill now stands,
but now on Port Madison res.
Ska-hak-bush.—Mallet in Ind. Aff. Rep., 198,
1877. Ska-hak-mehu.—Boulet in letter, Mar. 22,
1886.
Skahasegao (Skii-hase’-gd-o). An an-
cient Seneca village on the site of Lima,
Livingston co., N. Y.—Morgan, League
Troqg., 314, 468, 1851.
Skahene-hadai (Sgahéne xa/da-i, ‘Ska
river people’). A subdivision of the
Chaahl-lanas, a Haida family of the Eagle
clan livingin Alaska. Skahene is said to
mean, in Tlingit, ‘to cry over a river,’ and
itis related thatat atime when this branch
was almost exterminated they went u
on a mountain above this river aA
cried.—Swanton, Cont. Haida, 276, 1905.
Skaiakos (Sqgai’agds). A Seechelt sept
with many settlements but no fixed
586
abode (Hill-Tout in Jour. Anthr. Inst.,
23, 1904). For general habitat see Seechelt.
Skaialo (Seaid’lo). A Chilliwack vil-
lage ins. British Columbia, with 16 inhab-
itants in 1909.
Isquahala.—Can. Ind. Aff., 78, 1878. SQaia’lo.—
Hill-Toutin Ethnol. Sury.Can.,4,1902. Squehala.—
Can. Ind. Aff., 309, 1879. Squiahla.—Ibid., pt. 11,
160, 1901. Squihala.—Ibid., 74, 1878.
Skaiametl. A Kwantlen village at New
Westminster, on Fraserr., Brit. Col. Pop.
45 in 1909, including Kikait.
New Westminster.—Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 11, 72, 1902.
Sqai’amEtl.—Hill-Tout in Ethnol. Sury. Can., 54,
1902. Tcé’tstlEs.—Boasin Rep. B. A. A.S.,454,1894.
Skaiets (Sqai’els). A Kwantlen village
on Stave r., an affluent of lower Fraser r.,
Brit. Col.—Hill-Tout in Ethnol. Sury.
Can., 54, 1902.
Skaischiltnish. A Salish division liv-
ing, according to Gibbs, at the old Chim-
akum mission on Spokane r., Wash.
Pop. of ‘‘ Lower Spokan,’’ 301 in 1908.
Chekasschee.—Bancroft, Nat. Races, I, 315, 1874.
Che-kiss-chee.—Winans in Ind. Aff. Rep., 23, 1870.
Lower Spokan.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 702, 1901 Lower
Spokanes.—Winans, op. cit. Skai-schil-t’nish.—
Gibbs in Pace. R. R. Rep., I, 414, 1855.
Skaito. A camp on thew. coast of the
Queen Charlotte ids., Brit. Col., occupied
by Haida at the time of the gold excite-
ment at Gold Harbor in 1852-60. It is
sometimes spoken of erroneously asatown
and confused with Kaisun and Chaahl.
Kai-shun.—Dawson, Q. Charlotte Ids., 168B, map.,
1878 (misapplied). Sqai’-tao—Swanton, Cont.
Haida, 280, 1905. Tlg-a’it.—Boas, 12th Rep. N. W.
Tribes, Can., 24, 1898 (misapplied).
Skakaiek (Sadqai/zk). A Squawmish
village community on the right bank of
Squawmisht r., Brit. Col.—Hill-Tout in
Rep. Brit. A. A. S., 474, 1900.
Skakhaus (Sk’a’-quas). A Kuitsh village
on lower Umpqua r., Oreg.—Dorsey in
Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 111, 231, 1890.
Skaleksum. The Lummi name of one
of their temporary fishing villages on the
w. side of Lummi id., Whatcom co.,
Wash.
Skaleksun.—Gibbs, MS. no. 248, B.A. E. Sky-lak-
sen.—Fitzhugh in H. R. Ex. Doc. 37, 34th Cong.,
3d sess., 75, 1857.
Skamoynumachs (Ska-moy-num-achs).
Given by Ross (Advent., 289, 1849) as
one of the Okinagan tribes, but the name
is not met with elsewhere.
Skanahwahti (‘beyond the stream.’—
Hewitt). An Onondaga, known gener-
ally to the whites as John Buck, the fire-
keeper of his tribe in Canada; died about
1893 at Brantford, Ontario. He gave
Horatio Hale valuable aid in preparing
the Iroquois Book of Rites (1883), and
was much esteemed. He was official
keeper and interpreter of the tribal wam-
pum. See Skandawati. (WwW. M. B.)
Skanapa. A former Choctaw town
noted by d’Anville. It was on the E.
side of the head of a tributary of the
Sukenatcha, probably Running Tiger cr.,
Kemper co., Miss.—Halbert in Pub. Miss.
Hist. Soc., v1, 432, 1902.
SKAIALO—SK ANIADARIIO
[B. A. E.
Skanapa,—d’ Anville’s map in Hamilton, Colonial
Mobile, 158, 1897. Skenappa.—Halbert, op. cit.
Skunnepaw.—West Florida Map, ca. 1775.
Skandawati (‘beyond the stream’).
An Onondaga chief, of the Turtle clan,
who led an embassy to the Hurons in
Oct. 1647. He returned 15 Huron pris-
oners and bore 7 great belts. Early in
the following year the Hurons sent a new
embassy, and Skandawati and another
remained as hostages. The Mohawk de-
stroyed the party, and Skandawati was
so mortified that he killed himself. The
other had a like sense of honor, but was
less rash. His name appears also as
Scandaouati (Jes. Rel. 1648, 56, 1858)
and Scandawati (Hale, Iroq. Book Rites,
160,1883). Cf. Skanahwahti. (w.M.B.)
Skaniadariio (Seneca: Skaniadai’io’, ‘it
is a very fine lake,’ commonly rendered
‘Handsome Lake’’). A former federal
chief of the Seneca; born at the village
of Ganawagus, near Avon, in the Gene-
see valley, N. Y., about 1735; died at
Onondaga, near Syracuse, in 1815. By
birth he belonged to the Turtle clan, and
was a half-brother of Cornplanter (q. v.)
on his father’s side. Although thus close-
ly related to Cornplanter, he did not,
like his illustrious half-brother, acquire
marked distinction during the American
Revolution, which was one of the most
trying periods in the history of the
Seneca and their confederates. On the
contrary, the greater part of his life
was spent in dissipation and idleness;
but late in life, realizing that the worst
curse of his race was the evil of drunken-
ness and the traffic in liquor, he sought
to establish a better system of morals
among his people, who were then pass-
ing through a transition period between
their ancient mode of life and modern
civilization. His precepts and teachings,
based largely on the ancient custom and
faith, but recast to adjust them to the
new conditions, contemplated the regula-
tion of family life by pointing out the
respect and duties that should sub-ist
between husband and wife and between
parents and children, and the need of
chastity and continence, and by the in-
culcation of habits of industry and thrift.
About 1796, while living at Connewango
on Allegheny r., at Warren, Pa., Skani-
adariio was prostrated, it is said, by epi-
lepsy and partial paralysis. For four
years he lay suffering, and having lost all
hope of recovery, resigned himself to
death. According to his own story, one
afternoon he heard voices calling him
out. He arose in spirit and went out-
side, where, at a short distance from the
house among some shrubbery, he saw
four spirits in human shape, who assured
him that they were merely messengers to
him from the Artificer of Life. Of these,
three bore shrubs in their hands, on
BULL, 30]
which hung several kinds of fruit, which
he was told to eat, when he was at once
restored by their magical efficacy.
Thereupon the messengers revealed to
him by means of a great number of pre-
cepts the will.of the Artificer of Life, on
a variety of subjects; he was further told
to promulgate these teachings among the
tribes of the Iroquois, and was led by the
messengers into the white man’s hell, in
order to permit him to witness the pun-
ishments that are in store for the lawless
and the drunkard, the better to enable
him to warn his people of the need of
reform. The watchers at his bedside
thought he was dead, but after a long
trance he suddenly arose, and from that
time rapidly recovered health. He vis-
ited the several Iroquois villages from
year to year, preaching his new doc-
trines with power and eloquence. It is
reported that many so-called pagans gave
up their dissolute habits, becoming sober
and moral men and women, among whom
‘discord and contention gave place to
harmony and order, and vagrancy and
sloth to ambition and industry.”’ It was
this reformed religion of Handsome
Lake, or the so-called paganism of the
modern Iroquois, that has so steadfastly
resisted the advance of Christianity and
education among the Iroquois tribes. At
the present time the seat of this faith is
in Canada, on the Grand River res.,
where it has about 1,200 adherents; but
there are small bodies who still profess
to follow the precepts of Handsome Lake
dwelling on the Cattaraugus and the
Allegany res., and on the Onondaga
res.in New York. Each autumn these
‘‘pagans’’ assemble to hear the doctrines
of Skaniadariio preached to them. In
1802, Skaniadariio with a number of as-
sociates visited Washington to explain to
President Jefferson the nature of their
doctrine in order to receive recognition
of it by the Government for the purpose
of counteracting the inroads of Christian-
ity. The President, through the Secre-
tary of War, commended the new doc-
trines in a letter, which was mistaken by
the Seneca for a license permitting Ska-
niadariio to preach his new faith to the
Indians. (5. N. B. H.)
Skannayutenate (probably from Skané-
fyuté’, ‘rock again protrudes.’—Hewitt).
A Cayuga village, destroyed by Gen.
Sullivan in 1779. It was on the w. side
of Cayuga lake, n. ©. of the present
village of Canoga, Seneca co., N. Y., and
nearly opposite the Cayuga towns on the
E. The lake isnarrow there, and the Ca-
yuga occupied both shores. (Ww. M. B.)
Skanowethltunne (Ska-no’-wécl j0in’né) .
Given as a Takelma band or village on
the s. side of Rogue r., Oreg.—Dorsey in
Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 1, 235, 1890.
SKANNAYUTENATE—SKEAKUNTS
587
Skanuka (Sya-nu-ya). A name applied
by Dawson (Queen Charlotte Ids., 134,
1880) to one of the four clans into which
he erroneously supposed the Haida to be
divided. It may be otherwise spelled
Sg'anag’wa, and is the native term for
‘supernatural power.’’ Dawson trans-
lates it ‘‘killer-whale,’’ but the more
usual name for the killer-whale is sg-ana,
though this animal was indeed so named
because it was held to be supernatural.
Dawson’s mistake arose from the fact that
the Tsimshian of the mainland opposite
are divided into four clans, and among the
Haida the killer-whale is a very impor-
tant crest belonging to one of the two
clans. (GENESEE)
Skaos (Sq/a’os, probably ‘salmonberry
bushes’). A Haida town of the Sagua-
lanas family at the entrance to Naden
harbor, Graham id., Brit. Col.—Swanton,
Cont. Haida, 281, 1905.
Skappa (‘sandy land’). A Ntlakya-
pamuk village on the &. bank of Fraser r.,
near Boston Bar, Brit. Col. Pop.17in 1909.
Sk-apa.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Ethnol. Sury. Can., 4,
1899. Skappah.—Can. Ind. Aff., 309, 1879. Ske-
pah.—Ibid., 78, 1878. Skopah.—Brit. Col. map,
Ind. Aff., Victoria, 1872. Skuppa.—Can. Ind. Aff.
Hep. 1904, sec. II, 71, 1905. Skuppah.—Ibid., map,
Skasahah. A band of Cowichan on
Vancouver id., numbering 20 in 1882,
the last time their name appears.
Ska-sah-ah.—Can. Ind. Aff., 258, 1882.
Skatalis. An Ahtena village near the
mouth of Copper r., Alaska; probably
the original Alaganik.
Sakhalis —Allen, Rep. on Alaska, 38, 1887.
talis.—Ibid., 120.
Skatehook (from peskatekuk, ‘at the river
fork.’—Gerard). A Westenhuck village
on Housatonic r. near the present Shef-
field, Berkshire co., Mass. In 1736 the
inhabitants removed to Stockbridge, a
few miles up the river.
Skatehook.—Barber, Hist. Coll. Mass., 94, 1841.
Statehook.—Hoyt, Antiq. Res., 209, 1824.
Skauishan, A Squawmish village com-
munity on the right bank of Squawmisht
r., w. Brit. Col.
Skaocin.—Boas, MS., B. A. E., 1887. ’Skaui’can.—
Hill-Tout in Rep. Brit. A. A. S., 474, 1900.
Skaukel. A Chilliwack village in s.
aa Columbia, with 30 inhabitants in
1909.
Skauke’l.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Ethnol. Sury. Can.,
4, 1902. Skokale.—Can. Ind. Aff., 316, 1880. Sko-
lale.—Brit. Col. map, Ind. Aff., Victoria, 1872.
Skulkayn.—Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 2, 45, 1909. Skul-
kayu.—Ibid., pt. I, 160, 1901.
Skauton, A village near Sandwich,
Barnstable co., Mass., in 1685. It seems
to have been on Buzzards bay, and was
probably subject to either the Wampa-
noag or the Nauset.—Hinckley (1685) in
Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll., 4th s., v, 133, 1861.
Skeakunts (Sk°@’/akunts). A Squawmish
village community on Burrard inlet, Brit.
Col.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Brit. A. A. S.,
474, 1900.
Ska-
588
Skeawatsut (Skéawasut). A Squaw-
mish village community at Pt Atkinson,
E. side of Howe sd., Brit. Col.—Hill-Tout
in Rep. Brit. A. A.8., 474, 1900.
Skecheramouse. A former division of
the Salish living on the Colville trail,
Wash. Stevens calls them a band of
Spokan.
Ske-chei-a-mouse.—Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., 1,
414,1855. Ske-cher-a-mouse,—Steyens in Ind. Aff.
Rep., 429, 1854.
Skedans. (corrupted from Gidansta,
‘from his daughter,’ the name of its
chief). An important Haida town of the
Kagials-kegawai family, formerly on a
point of land which extends into Hecate
str. from the rz. end of Louise id., Queen
Charlotte ids., Brit. Col. The town was
known to its inhabitants as Kona or
Huadji-lanas. They were always on the
best of terms with those of the Tsimshian
town of Kitkatla, whence they imported
many new customs and stories into the
Haida country. John Work, 1836-41,
assigned ‘to this town 30 houses and 738
inhabitants. The old. people remember
27 houses; in 1878 Dawson noted about 16
houses. It has been abandoned for sev-
eral years, though a number of house-
oo are still standing. (J. R. 8.)
iddan.—Keanein Stanford, Compend., app., 473,
1878. Koona.—Swan in Smithson. Cont., xxI, 5,
1876. K-*’u/na,—Boas, 12th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can.,
24,1898. Kwun Haade.—Harrison in Proc. Roy.
Soc. Can., sec. I, 125, 1895. Q!0/na.—Swanton,
Cont. Haida, 278, 1905. Skedans.—Dawson, Q.
Charlotte Ids., 169B, 1880. Skeeidans.—Schoolcraft,
Ind. Tribes, v, 489, 1855. Skidans.—Boas, op. cit.
(misprint from Dawson). Skidanst.—Harrison,
op.cit. Skiddan.—Poole, Q. Charlotte Ids., 309,
1872. Xu/Adji lnaga’-i.i—Swanton, op. cit., 120.
Skeinah (contr. of Unskiniyt). A Cher-
okee settlement on Toccoa r., in the pres-
ent Fannin co., N. Ga., about the period of
the removal of the tribe in 1889. From a
confusion of the name with the Cherokee
askina, an evil spirit or malevolent ghost,
it has sometimes been rendered ‘‘ Devil
Town.’’
Skekaitin (Skreka‘itin, ‘place of coming
up above, or reaching the top’). A vil-
lage of the Upper Fraser band of Ntlak-
yapamuk, on the w. side of Fraser r.,
43 m. above Lytton, Brit. Col.
Skaikai’Eten.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Ethnol. Sury.
Can., 4, 1899. Skrka/itin.—Teit in Mem. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 11, 172, 1900.
Skelautuk (Sqzla’utie, ‘painted house,’
on account of a painted post in a house
there). A former village or camp of the
Pilalt, a Cowichan tribe on lower Chilli-
wack r., Brit. Col.—Hill-Tout in Ethnol.
Surv. Can., 48, 1902.
Skeleton. See Anatomy.
Skelsh (Sgé/c, ‘standing up,’ referring to
‘*Siwash rock’’). A Squawmish village
community on Burrard inlet, Brit. Col.—
Hill-Tout in Rep. Brit. A. A. §., 475, 1900.
Skelten (Syz’itrn). Hai-dai.—Work quoted by
Kane, Wand. in N. A., app., 1859. _=Hidery.—
Deans, Tales from Hidery, passim, 1899. Kygéni—Dall in Proc. A. A. A. S., 269,
1869. x Nootka.—Bancroft, Nat. Races, II, 564,
1882. x Northern.—Scouler, op. cit. > Queen
Charlotte’s Island.—Gallatin in Trans. Am. An-
tiq. Soc., 11, 15, 306, 1836. >Skidegattz.—Gallatin
in Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, 111, 402, 1853.
>Skittagets.—Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol.Soce.,
II, pt. 1, c, 1848. =Skittagetan.—Powell in 7th
Rep. B. A. E., 118, 1891.
Skittok. A Knaiakhotana village on
Kaknu r., Alaska, forming part of the
Kenai settlement.
Chkituk.—11th Census, Alaska, 70,1893. Shittok.—
Post route map, 1903.
Sklau (S’k‘lau’, ‘beaver’). A Squaw-
mish village community on the left bank
of Squawmisht r., Brit. Col.—Hill-Tout
in Rep. Brit. A. A. 8., 474, 1900. ;
Skoachais (Sk‘ddtcai’s, ‘deep hole in
water’). A Squawmish village commu-
nity on Burrard inlet, Brit, Col.—Hill-
Tout in Rep. B. A. A. 8., 475, 1900.
Skogari. The Tutelo village in 1748;
situated on the n. branch of the Susque-
hanna, in the present Columbia co., Pa.
At the date named it was ‘‘the only towp
BULL, 30]
on the whole continent inhabited by
Tutelees, a degenerate remnant of thieves
and drunkards (De Schweinitz, Life of
Zeisberger, 149, 1870). It was to this
village that the Tutelo moved from
Shamokin.
Skohwak (Skoxwda/k, ‘skinny [peo-
ple]’.—Hill-Tout). A village of the
Ntlakyapamuk, on the w. side of Fraser
r., about 15m. above Yale, Brit. Col. Pop.
11 in 1897, the last time the name appears.
Skoxwa’k.—Teit in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11,
169, 1900. Skuhuak.—Can. Ind. Aff. 1892, 312,
1893. Skudwa’k'k.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Ethnol.
Sury. Can., 5, 1899. Skuwha.—Can. Ind. Aff.
1886, 230,1887. Skuwka.—Ibid., 277, 1894. :
Skoiyase (‘place of whortleberries.’—
Morgan.) A former Seneca village at the
site of Waterloo, Seneca co., N. Y. It
was destroyed by a detachment of Gen.
Sullivan’s army, under Col. John Harper,
Sept. 8, 1779. At that time it contained
about 18 houses, and was surrounded by
orchards of peach and apple trees. On
Sept. 3, 1879, the centennial of this event
was celebrated, at which time a monu-
‘ment was erected in the village park at
Waterloo. (a. P. D.)
Long Falls.—Fellows (1779) in Conover, Kan. and
Geneva MS., B. A. E. Sauyou.—Grant (1779) in
Jour. Mil. Exped. Gen. Sullivan, 142, 1887. Sa’-
yase.—Morgan, League Iroq., 394, 1851 (Seneca
and Onondaga name). Scauwaga,—Jenkins
(1779) in Jour. Mil. Exped. Gen. Sullivan, 174,
1887. Scawyace.—Ibid., 142. Scharoyos.—Pa.
Mag. Hist., 18, 1904. Schoyerre.—Grant, op. cit.,
111. Secawyace.—N. Y. Ind. Problem, 224, 1889.
Shaiyus.—Norris (1779) in Jour. Mil. Exped. Gen.
Sullivan, 235, 1887 (or Large Falls). Skaigee.—
Dearborn (1779) quoted by Conover, Kan. and
Geneva MS., B. A. E. Ska’-yase.—Morgan,
League Iroq., 394, 1851 (Tuscarora and Mohawk
name). Skayes.—N. Y. Ind. Problem, 216, 220,
1889. Skoi-yase.—Morgan, League [Iroq., 470,
1851 (Cayuga name). Sko-ne’-ase.—Ibid., 394
(Oneida name). :
Skoka. A name among herbalists for
the skunk-cabbage (Symplocarpus feeti-
dus), ‘‘skoka of the Indians” (Rafin-
esque, 1830). The name is probably
short for Lenape (Delaware) s’ kdkawinsh,
‘skunk-weed’. (w. R. G.)
Skoke. A New England name for the
pokeberry (Phytolacca decandra). Prob-
ably derived from Massachuset m’skok,
‘that which is red’ (Trumbull), or
m skwak. (w. R. G.)
Skokomish (‘river people’). A body
of Salish who, according to Eells, form
one of three subdivisions of the Twana
(q. v.).. They lived at the mouth of
Skokomish r., which flows into the
upper end of Hoods canal, Wash., where
a reservation of the same name has been
set aside for them. They officially num-
bered 203 in 1909, but this figure includes
the two other subdivisions of the Twana.
Hokamish.—Lane quoted by Schooleraft, Ind.
Tribes, I, 521, 1853. Kokomish.—Ind. Aff. Rep.,
302,1877. Scocomish.—Wilkes, U.S. Expl. Exped.,
Iv, 410, 1845. Ska-ka-bish.—Eells in Smithson.
Inst. Rep., pt. 1, 605, 1887 (TWana name). Ska-ka-
mish.—Ibid. (Clallam name). Skakobish.—Eells,
letter, B. A. E. (Nisqualli name). Skaquah-
mish.—Stevens in H. R. Ex. Doc. 37, 34th Cong.,
SKOHW AK—SKOWTOUS
595
3d sess., 46, 1857. Skaquamish.—Taylor in Cal.
Farmer, June 12, 1863. Skasquamish.—Ind. Aff.
Rep. 1862, 359, 1863. Skiquamish.—Stevens, op. cit.
Skokamish.—Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., I, 431, 1855.
Sko-kobé.—McCaw, Puyallup MS. vocab., B. A. E.,
1885 (Puyallup name). Skokomish.—Lane in Ind.
Aff. Rep., 162, 1850. Sko-ko-nish.—U.S. Ind. Trea-
ties, 800, 1873. S’Komish.—Watkins in Sen. Ex.
Doc. 20, 45th Cong., 2d sess., 3, 1878. Sko-sko-
mish.—Starling in Ind. Aff. Rep., 170, 1852.
Skolai (from Nikolai, the chief’s name).
An Ahtena village on Nizina r., Alaska,
near the mouth of Chitistone r., lat. 61°
ZAS lon t43o 772
Nicolai’s village.—Allen, Rep., 128, 1887. Nikolai.—
Baker, Geog. Dict. Alaska, 299, 1901. :
Skonchin, Skontchish. See Schonchin.
Skonon (Sk6/ndn). _A former Chuma-
shan village near Santa Barbara, Cal.,
in the locality now called Arroyo del
Burro.—Henshaw, Buenaventura MS.
vocab., B. A. E., 1884.
Skooke (‘snake’). A gens of the Ab-
naki.
Skog.—J. D. Prince, inf’n, 1905 (modern St Fran-
cis Abnaki form). Skooke.—Morgan, Ane. Soc.,
174, 1877.
Skookum Chuck (‘strong water’). The
local name for a body of Salish of Fraser
River agency, Brit. Col.; pop. 102 in 1909.
Skookum Chuck.—Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 2, 160, 1901.
Skukem Chuck.—Ibid., 187, 1884.
Skopamish. A body of Salish formerly
living on upper Green r., Wash., a tribu-
tary of White r., but now on Muckleshoot
res. Pop. 222 in 1863; at present un-
known.
Green River Indians.—Gosnell in Ind. Aff. Rep.,
338, 1857. Neccope.—Simmons, ibid., 395, 1859.
Nescope.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, June 12, 1863.
Niskap.—Gosnell in Ind. Aff, Rep., 244, 1858.
Nooscope.—Ibid., 338, 1857. Sko-pabsh.—Mallet,
ibid., 198, 1877. Skopahmish.—Gibbs in Cont. N. A.
Ethnol., 1, 179, 1877. Skope-ahmish.—U. §. Ind.
Treat., 378, 1873. Skope-a-mish.—Ind. Aff. Rep.,
17, 1870. White River Indians.—Gosnell in Ind.
Aff. Rep., 244, 1858 (evidently intended for Green
r.; see Gosnell, op. cit., 388, 1857).
Skoton. One of the names applied to
the Athapascans formerly dwelling on or
near Rogue r., Oreg. They were included
by Parker (Jour., 257, 1840) among the
Umpqua. The treaty of Noy. 18, 1854
(Sen. Ex. Doc. 48, 34th Cong., 3d sess.,
10, 1854) was made by the Chasta,
Scoton, and Umpqua, all of w. Oregon.
The Skoton were divided into the Cow-
nantico, Sacheriton, and Naalye. In 1875
(Ind. Aff. Rep., 177, 1875) they num-
bered 86 on Grande Ronde res. and 166
on Siletz res. See Chasta-Skoton.
Sconta.—Parker, Jour., 257, 1840. Scotons.—Ind.
Aff. Rep., 219, 1856.
Skowl. Given by Petroff (10th Cen-
sus, Alaska, 32, 1884) as the name of a
town near Kasaan, Alaska. The word is
undoubtedly a corruption of Sga/’oal, the
name of a chief of Kasaan. If any place
was so named, it was probably a small
summer town or camp. (3. vs)
Skowtous. A division of the Ntlakya-
pamuk in the neighborhood of Nicola
lake, Brit. Col.—Mayne, Brit. Col., 113,
1862.
596
Sktahlejum. A division of Salish, some-
times rated as a subdivision of the Sno-
homish, on the upper waters of Snoho-
mish r., Wash.
Sk-tah-le-gum.—Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., 1, 436,
1855. Sk-tah-le-jum.—Stevens in Ind. Aff. Rep.,
458, 1854. Sk-tah-le-jum.—U. 8. Ind. Treaties, 378,
1873. Skuck-stan-a-jumps.—Starling in Ind. Aff.
Rep., 170, 1852. Stak-ta-le-jabsh.—Mallet, ibid.,
198, 1877. hee :
Sktehlmish. A division of Salish on
-Dwamish lake and r., Wash.
§’ke-tehl-mish.—Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., I, 486,
1855. S’keteéhmish.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, v,
703, 1857. Sk-tahl-mish.—U. S. Ind. Treaties, 378,
1873. Sk’tehlmish.—Gibbs in Cont. N. A. Ethnol.,
I, 241, 1877.
Skudus (Sk/i/das, a word used when
one misses a thing by arriving too late).
A Haida town of the Djiguaahl-lanas
family on the n. side of Lyell id., Queen
Charlotte ids., Brit. Col.—Swanton, Cont.
Haida, 278, 1905.
Skuhamen (Squhdi/men). A village of
the Siyita tribe of Cowichan, at Agassiz,
on lower Fraser r., Brit. Col.—Boas in
19th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 454, 1894.
Skuingkung (Squi/fiqui). A Songish
band at Victoria, Brit. Col.—Boas in 6th
Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 17, 1890.
Skukskhat (Skuksvat, ‘sucker mouth’).
A former village of the Tlakluit below
The Dalles of Columbia r., Wash. (£.8.)
Skull. See Anatomy.
Skulteen. A body of Salish of Fraser
River agency, Brit. Col. Pop. 122 in
1896, the last time the name appears.
Skumeme (Skii-mé’-me). A former vil-
lage of the Tututni on the s. side of
Rogue r., Oreg., at its mouth.— Dorsey in
Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 111, 236, 1890.
Skumin (Sk'iimi/n, ‘keekwilee-house,’
the term keekwilee meaning ‘low,’ or
‘under,’ probably referring to the semi-
subterranean houses of the N. W. inte-
rior.) A Squawmish village community
on the left bank of Squawmisht r., Brit.
Col.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Brit. A. A. S.,
. 474, 1900.
Skunk. (1) The common name of a
member of American musteloid carnivor-
ous mammals (Mephitis mephitica), first
appearing in English in the 17th century.
The earliest citation is by Wood in his
New England’s Prospect (1634). This
author, as well as Josselyn (1638-63),
uses the form sgunck, which Trumbull
(Natick Dict., 155, 1903) connects with
the Abnaki ségankw. The Cree sikdk, the
Chippewa shikdg, etc., are cognate Algon-
quian words. The word came into Eng-
lish from Abnaki (Kennebec), in which
the second syllable is nasalized. (2) Any
other species of the genus Mephitis, and,
by extension, any species of the genera
Spilogale and Conepatus. After the skunk
have been named skunk-bear (the wol-
verene), skunk blackbird or skunk-bird
(the bobolink), skunk-bill (the surf-
scoter), skunk-cabbage or skunkweed
SKTAHLEJUM—SKWAILUH
[B. A. B.
(Symplocarpus fetidus; see Skoke), skunk-
head or skunktop (pied duck, or the
surf-scoter) , skunk-porpoise ( Lagenorhyn-
cus acutus), skunk-spruce (Picea cana-
densis), skunkery or skunk-farm (a place
where skunks are kept or bred for profit).
(3) Among derived meanings are: ‘‘a
vile, mean, good-for-nothing, or low-
down fellow,’’ the corresponding adjec-
tive being skunky or skunkish. Also
there is the verb to skunk, having the
senses: (a) to defeat utterly, without the
other party scoring at all; (6) to get no
votes in an election; (c) to leave without
paying one’s bills. Sea-skunk is a term
which is applied to a certain type of
motor-boats. (A. F.C. Wed
Skunk-cabbage. See Skoke.
Skurghut (Sku/-rziit). A band or village
of the Chastacosta on the n. side of Rogue
r., Oreg.—Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore,
11, 234, 1893.
.Skurshka. The Water-snake clan of the
pueblo of Laguna, N. Mex. Its members
claim to have come originally from Sia.
The clan forms a phratry with the Sqowi
(Rattlesnake), Hatsi (Earth), and Meyo
(Lizard) clans. (F. W. H.)
Shi/rshka-hano*h,—Hodge in Am. Anthr,, 1x, 352,
1896 (misprint sh for sk; hdnoch=‘ people’).
Skutuksen (Sk'u/tuksEn, ‘promontory’ ).
A Squawmish village community on the
E. side of Howe sd., Brit. Col.—Hill-
Tout in Rep. Brit. A. A. S., 474, 1900.
Skuzis (‘jumping’). A Ntlakyapamuk
village on Fraser r. above Spuzzum, Brit.
Col.; pop. 33 in 1901, the last time the
nhame appears.
Scuzzy.—Can. Ind. Aff., 418, 1898. Sku/zis,—Hll-
Tout in Rep. Ethnol. Sury.Can.,5,1899. Skuzzy,—
Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 11, 164, 1901.
Skwah. A Chilliwack village in s. Brit-
ish Columbia; pop. 104 in 1909.
Skwah.—Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 2, 160, 1901. Squah,—
hae 1878. Squah-tta.—Gibbs, MS. vocab.,
_A.E.
Skwahladas (Sgod/ladas). A Haida
family of the Raven clan, living on the
w. coast of Queen Charlotte ids., Brit.
Col. The meaning of the name is un-
certain, but it has been suggested that
it may indicate that they were successful
fishermen. This family generally lived
with the Hlgahetgu-lanas, but at one
time had independent towns opposite
Hippa id. and in Rennellsd. There part
of them came to be known as Nasto-kega-
wai. Originally they seem to have
formed one family with the Djahui-
skwahladagai. (Joe
Skoa’tl’adas.—Roas, 12th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can.,
24, ae Sqoa/tadas. Swanton, Cont. Haida, 270,
1905.
Skwailuh (‘hoar frost’). A Shuswap
town on Pavilion cr., an E. affluent of
upper Fraser r., Brit. Col.; pop. 68 in 1909.
Papillion.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, July 19, 1862.
Pavilion.—Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 11, 162, 1901. Pavil-
lon,—Teit in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 0, 166,
map, 1900. Skwai/-luh.—Dawson in Trans. Roy.
Soc. Can., 1891, sec. II, 44, 1892.
BULL. 30]
Skwaius (Sk-wai/us). ASquawmish vil-
lage community on Burrard inlet, Brit.
Col.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Brit. A. A. S.,
475, 1900.
Skwala (Sk‘wii/la). A former village
or camp of the Pilalt, a Cowichan tribe
on lower Chilliwack r., Brit. Col.; so
named from a slough on which it was
situated.—Hill-Tout, Ethnol. Sury. Can.,
48, 1902.
Skwauyik (Skwa/uyix). A Ntlakyapa-
muk village on the w. side of Fraser r.,
Brit. Col.—Teit in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 11, 169, 1900.
Skwawalooks. A Cowichan tribe on
lower Fraser r., below Hope, Brit. Col.;
pop. 16 in 1909.
Shawahlook.—Can. Ind. Aff. 1904, see. ii, 75, 1905.
Skawah-looks.—Ibid., 1894, 277, 1895. Skowall.—
Ibid., 79, 1878. Skwawahlooks,—Ibid., pt. 2, 160,
1901
Skway. A Chilliwack village on Skway
r., Which empties into the lower Fraser,
Brit. Col.; pop. 27 in 1909.
Skway.—Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 2, 160, 1901. SgQai.—
Hill-Tout in Rep. Ethnol. Sury. Can., 4, 1902.
Squay.—Ibid., 276, 1894. Squay-ya.—Brit. Col.
map, Ind. Aff., Victoria, 1872. Syuay.—Can. Ind.
Aff., 188, 1884.
Skweahm. A Nicomen winter village on
Nicomen slough, near lower Fraser r.,
Brit. Col.; pop. 27 in 1909.
Skuya’m.—Boas in Rep. Brit. A. A. S., 454, 1894.
Skweahm.—Can. Ind. Aff., 160, 1901. Squeam.—
Ibid., 313, 1888.
Skwealets (Skwed/léts, ‘coming in of the
water’). An abandoned Chilliwack vil-
lage on upper Chilliwack r., Brit. Col.—
Hill-Tout in Ethnol. Surv. Can., 4, 1902.
Skwiteague. See Squeteague.
Slaaktl (Sla’axL). A Bellacoola village
on Bellacoola r., Brit. Col., above Snut-
lelatl.
Sla’aqtl.—Boas in 7th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 3,
1891. Sla’axL.—Boas in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 11, 49, 1898.
Slahaltkam (‘upper country’). A
Shuswap village at the foot of Little Shus-
wap lake, interior of British Columbia.
It gives its name to a band which in-
cludes the people of this village and those
of Kwikooi. Pop. 88 in 1906, 96 in 1909.
Haltham.—Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 2, 166, 1901. Hal-
thum.—Ibid., 363, 1897. Haltkam.—lIbid.,312, 1892.
Halt-kum.—Ibid., 1885, 196,1886. Little Lake Shus-
wap.—Ibid., pt. 11, 68, 1902. Sahhahltkum.—Ibid.,
47, suppl., 1902. Sla-halt-kam.—Dawson in Trans.
Roy. Soc. Can., see. 11, 44, 1891.
Slana. An Ahtena village at the con-
fluence of Slana and Copper rs., Alaska.
Slank. A word said to be of Indian
origin, but of doubtful etymology, defined
by Nelson (Inds. of N. J., 129, 1894) as ‘‘a
name applied in the neighborhood of Pat-
erson to asmall body of water setting back
like a bay along the shores of a river.”’
Slate. This material, which is widely
diversified in character, was in very
general use by the tribes n. of Mexico
for the manufacture of utensils, imple-
ments, ornaments, and carvings in gen-
eral. The typical slates are characterized
SKW AILUS—SLAVERY
597
/
by their laminated structure, and these
were used to some extent, especially for
implements; but the more massive varie-
ties, such as the greenish striped slates
of the Eastern states, the argillite (q. v.)
of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and the
states to the s., and the black slate of
the N. W. coast, were usually preferred.
Argillite was much used by the tribes of
the Delaware and Susquehanna valleys,
and an ancient quarry of this material,
located at Point Pleasant, Pa., has been
described by Mercer (see Quarries).
Material from this and corresponding
quarries wasused mainly for flaked imple-
ments, including leaf-shaped blades,
knives, and arrow headsand spear heads,
and these are widely distributed over the
middle Atlantic states. The fine-grained
greenish and striped slates of the Eastern
and Middle states and Canada were ex-
tensively employed in the manufacture
of several varieties of objects of somewhat
problematic use, including banner stones,
bird-shaped stones, and perforated and
sculptured tablets. It is probable that,
like the green agates and jadeites of Mex-
ico, some varieties of this stone had special
significance with the native tribes. The
tribes of the N. W. coast employ a fine-
grained black slate in their very artistic
carvings, which the Haida obtain chiefly
from deposits on Slate er., Queen Char-
lotte ids. This slate has the desirable
quality of being soft and easily carved
when freshly quarried, and of growing
harder with time. It is black and takes
an excellent polish, See Sculpture, Totem-
poles.
References to the use of slate occur in
many works relating to ethnology and
archeology, but are not sufficiently im-
portant to be given in full. Worthy of
special mention are Mercer in Pub. Univ.
Penn., v1, 1897; Niblack in Nat. Mus. Rep.
1888, 1890; Squier and Davis, Ancient
Monuments, 1848. W. H. H.)
Slavery. It may be doubted whether
slavery, though so widespread as to have
been almost universal, existed anywhere
among very primitive peoples, since
society must reach a certain state of or-
ganization before it can find lodgment
(see Social organization). It appears,
however, among peoples whose status is
far below that of civilization.
Among the Eskimo, slavery appears to
have been wholly unknown, although in
the part of Alaska immediately n. of
the Tlingit, where the Eskimo borrowed
much of Indian culture and arts, it is
possible that it existed in some form, as
Bancroft affirms. Dall discovered no
traces of slavery in Alaska, and doubts
if it ever existed there. If the institu-
tion ever gained a foothold among the
Eskimo it was foreign to their own cul-
598
ture and habits, was of comparatively
recent introduction, and was practised
only in a much modified form.
Beginning with the Tlingit, slavery as
an institution existed among all the N. W.
coast Indiansasfaras California. Itprac-
tically ceased with s. Oregon, although the
Hupa, of Athapascan stock, and the Nozi
(Yanan), both of n. California, practised
it to some extent, according to Powers.
Among the former, a bastard became
the slave for life of one of the male rela-
tives of the mother and was compelled
to perform menial service; nor could he
or she marry a free person. Such slaves
seem to have been entitled to purchase
freedom, provided they could accumu-
late sufficient wealth. Both the Klamath
and the Modoc seem to have had slavery
in some form. The Klamath word for
slave is lugsh, from luktha, ‘to carry a
load,’ indicating that the slaves were the
carriers of the tribe (Gatschet). The
institution had found its way up Colum-
bia r. also, at least as far as Wallawallar.,
where it was known to the Cayuse of
Waiilatpuan, and to the Nez Percés of
Shahaptian stock. From the W. coast it
appears to have passed far into the inte-
rior, where it was practised, probably in
a much modified form, by the Indians of
the Mackenzie r. region. It is said that
the Etchareottine were called Awokdnak,
‘slaves’, by their Cree neighbors, an
epithet which in its French and Indian
forms came to be the name (Slave or
Slavey ) under which they are best known.
The N. W. region, embracing the islands
and coast occupied by the Tlingit and
Haida, and the Chimmesyan, Chinookan,
Wakashan, and Salishan tribes, formed
the stronghold of the institution. As we
pass to the eastward the practice of
slavery becomes modified, and finally its
place is taken by a very different custom.
Among the ‘tribes mentioned, slavery
seems to have existed long enough to have
secured a prominent place in mythology
and to have materially modified the habits
and institutions of the people. It was no
doubt the origin of ideas of caste and rank
widespread among tribes of the N. W.
coast, but comparatively unknown else-
where among our Indians. It varied con-
siderably among different tribes, the most
essential characteristics, however, being
similar, as was the general mode of life
of the peoples practising it. The above-
named were fishing tribes and expert
canoemen, depending for food far more on
the products of sea fisheries than on game.
All lived in settled villages. With all,
the essential condition of rank and posi-
tion was wealth, not renown gained in
war. The slaves consisted of prisoners
taken from neighboring tribes, chiefly
women and children; and, among most
SLAVERY
[B. A. B.
tribes, of their descendants. Over most
of the area in question there appears
to have been a regular traffic in slaves,
the source of a considerable part of the
private wealth. Jewett states in his Nar-
rative (1815) that a Nootka chief had in
his house ‘‘nearly fifty male and female
slaves, no other chief having more than
twelve.’’ Simpson estimated that slaves
formed one-third of the population of
the Tlingit. The price of an adult slave
was about $500 in blankets; of a child, 50
blankets, about $150.
Servitude in the N. W. appears to have
been of a rather mild type. Slaves, as
a rule, were well fed and well treated,
as was natural with valuable property.
The condition of the bondman indeed
seems generally to have been little in-
ferior to that of his master, whom he
assisted in paddling, fishing, and hunt-
ing, even in making war on neighboring
tribes. Expeditions were often under-
taken for the primary purpose of slave
catching. The slaves made or helped
make canoes, cut wood, carried water,
aided in building houses, ete. Enslaved
women and children were household
drudges, performing the laborious and
menial tasks which elsewhere fell to
the lot of free women. The distinc-
tion between the slave and the free man
was especially sharply drawn in all
ceremonial practices, from which slaves
were rigidly excluded, and generally also
with regard to marriage, for the slave
usually could not mate with a free man
or woman, though the Makah men, Swan
asserts, frequently married female slaves.
The male offspring of such marriages
seem to have occupied an equivocal posi-
tion between free menand slaves. Slaves
seem to have had no well-defined rights;
they could not own property and were
subject to the caprices of their owners,
who had power of life and death over
them. Among the Tlingit it was cus-
tomary to kill slaves and to bury their
bodies beneath the corner-posts of the
chiefs’ houses at the time when they were
erected; but this does not appear to have
been done by the Haida. At other times
they were given away or freed to show
that their owner was so wealthy he could
easily afford to part with them. Swan
states that when a chief died among the
Makah his favorite slaves were killed and
buried with him.
Punishment for shortcomings wassome-
times severe, the owner of a slave being
responsibletonoone. Occasionallyslaves
were killed outright in moments of pas-
sion.
Investigation of slavery among the
tribes of the Great Plains and the Atlantic
slope is difficult. Scattered through early
histories are references to the subject, but
BULL. 30]
such accounts are usually devoid of de-
tails, and the context often proves them
to be based on erroneous conceptions.
Had slavery existed among the Eastern
and Southern tribes, we should find in
the mass of documentary history as full
accounts of the practice as there is con-
cerning the less-known tribes of the
N. W. coast. The unsatisfactory char-
acter of the references should make us
cautious in accepting statements regard-
ing the existence of slavery. The early
French and Spanish histories, it is true,
abound in allusions to Indian slaves, even
specifying the tribes from which they
were taken, but the terms ‘“‘slave’’ and
‘*prisoner’’ were used interchangeably in
almost everysuch instance. Hennepin, in
his account of his own captivity among
the Sioux, uses these terms as equivalent,
and speaks of himself as a slave, though
his story clearly shows that he had been
adopted by an old chief in the place of a
lost son. With the exception of the area
above mentioned, traces of true slavery
are wanting throughout the region n. of
Mexico. In its place is found another
institution that has often been mistaken
for it. Among the North American In-
dians a state of periodic intertribal
warfare seems to have existed. Dis-
putes as to the possession of land, re-
taliation for acts of violence, and blood
revenge were the alleged causes; but un-
derlying all was the fierce martial spirit
of the Indian which ever spurred him
from inglorious peace to stirring deeds of
war. In consequence of such warfare
tribes dwindled through the loss of men,
women, and children killed or taken cap-
tive. Natural increase was not sufficient to
make good such losses; for while Indian
women were prolific, the loss of children
by disease, especially in early infancy,
was very great. Hencearose the institu-
tion of adoption. Men, women, and chil-
dren, especially the latter two classes,
were everywhere considered spoils of war.
When a sufficient number of prisoners
had been tortured and killed to glut the
savage passions of the conquerors, the
rest of the captives were adopted, after
certain preliminaries, into the several
gentes, each newly adopted member tak-
ing the place of a lost husband, wife, son,
or daughter, and being invested with the
latter’s rights, privileges, and duties. It
sometimes happened that small parties
went out for the avowed purpose of taking
captives to be adopted in the place of de-
ceased members of families. John Tan-
ner, a white boy thuscaptured and adopted
by the Chippewa, wrote a narrative of his
Indian life that is a mine of valuable and
interesting information. Adoption occa-
sionally took place ona large scale, as, for
SLAVERY
599
instance, when the Tuscarora and the
Tutelo, on motion of their sponsors in the
federal council, were formally adopted as
offspring by the Oneida, the Delawares
as cooks (an honorable position) by the
Mohawk, and the Nanticoke, as offspring
by the Seneca. In this way these alien
tribes acquired citizenship in the Iroquois
League; they were said to be ‘‘ braces”’
to the ‘‘ Extended Cabin,’’ the name by
which the Iroquois designated their com-
monwealth. (See Adoption, Captives).
Nor is it impossible that slaveholding
tribes might have substituted adoption.
Indications of the manner in which such
change might have been effected may
be found among the Tlingit and other
N. W. Coast tribes, who not only freed
their slaves on occasions, but made them
members of the tribe. They also some-
times married slaves, which was tanta-
mount to adoption. Wherever slavery
did not exist, adoption seems to have been
universally practised. Except that pris-
oners of war were necessary to recruit both
institutions, the twoare very unlike. The
slave of the N. W. coast held absolutely
no status within the tribe, whether he
came into possession of the individual as
the result of war or was bought as a slave
from a neighboring tribe. Whatever
privileges were his were granted as a
favor, not asaright. Onthe other hand,
the adopted person was in every respect
the peer of his fellow-tribesmen. If he
proved equal to the position assigned him
in the tribe, and improved his oppor-
tunities, his advancement was sure, and
he might aspire to any office attainable
by the individual into whose place he had
been adopted. Ifthe new member of the
tribe proved a poor hunter, a poor pro-
vider, or, above all, if he lacked courage,
his position was not enviable: he was
despised, and treated according to his
demerits, probably worse than if he had
been born a member of the tribe. Still
there was nothing in his position or treat-
ment to justify the statement that he was
a slave, and his ignominy and shame
were probably not greater than were usu-
ally incurred by the poor and worthless.
It was the usual custom to depose the
coward from man’s estate, and, in native
metaphor, to ‘‘make a woman’’ of him.
Such persons associated ever after with
the women and aided them in their tasks.
Such was the custom among the Pawnee,
as recorded by Grinnell (Pawnee Hero
Stories, 26, 1893), who also gives a still
more curious custom, by which young
men who had not attained any special
standing in the tribe lived as servants in
the families of men of position and influ-
ence, and performed many offices almost
menial. Dunbar speaks of these servants
600
as being parasites and as usually being
the most worthless members of the tribes
(Pawnee Indians, 1880).
In most tribes polygamy was _ per-
mitted, and it was a common practice
for men to take to wife female cap-
tives. As a legal wife such a woman was
entitled to the same privileges as her mar-
ried sisters in the tribe, but her actual
treatment depended largely upon her
capacities and her personal popularity.
When she was introduced into a family
where there already were several wives,
jealousy was easily aroused, and the new
wife was likely to be abused and driven
to menial tasks. No doubt such women
were often assumed to be slaves by the
casual observer.
European influence materially modified
almostevery artand practice of the Indian.
Nosooner had the border wars begun than
the natives discovered a higher value for
the white prisoners of war than adoption.
Although white men and children were
adopted into Indian tribes and lived and
died with them, the ransom. offered in
ready money, in whisky, or in powder
and guns changed the status of the white
captive. He was very generally held in
captivity for ransom, or taken to the
French, English, or Spanish, according
to his nativity, and disposed of for a cash
payment. Cases were not rare in which
white captives were redeemed and sent
back to their friends even after formal
adoption into a tribe. The practice of
redeeming captives was favored by the
missionaries and settlers with a view of
mitigating the hardships ‘of Indian war-
fare. Thespread of Indian slavery among
the tribes of the central region was due in
part to the efforts of the French mis-
sionaries to induce their red allies to sub-
stitute a mild condition of servitude for
their accustomed practice of indiscrimi-
nate massacre, torture, and cannibalism
(see Dunn, Indiana, 1905). During the
interval between his captivity and re-
demption, usually lasting months, occa-
sionally several years, the white captive,
unless adopted, was made to do menial
tasks, and his lot was hard. The white
prisoner, indeed, unless very young, rarely
proved satisfactory as an adopted mem-
ber of the tribe. He did not often take
kindly to Indian life, was quick to seize
an opportunity to escape, and was always
welcomed back by his friends, whereas in
the case of the Indian, adoption severed
all former social and tribal ties. The
adopted Indian warrior was forever de-
barred from returning to his own people,
by whom he would not have been re-
ceived. His fate was thenceforth inex-
tricably interwoven with that of his new
kinsmen.
The Southeastern Indians—Cherokee,
SLAVES—SLEDS
{B. A. B.
Creeks, Choctaw, and Chickasaw—soon
after the settlement of the country by
Europeans came into possession of run-
away negro slaves. The Indians were
quick to perceive their value as serv-
ants, and we soon find them buying
and selling black slaves. There is noth-
ing to show that this introduction of
black slaves among the Muskhogean
tribes and others materially changed the
status of the Indian prisoner of war.
The Seminole of Florida married many
negro runaways, whose position seems
to have been in all respects like that of
other members of the tribe. There were,
indeed, among the Seminole several set-
tlements of runaway negro slaves who
had their own chiefs and seem to have
been a recognized part of the tribe.
Europeans made a practice of enslaving
or selling into slavery captive Indians.
Carolina was early made by the Spaniards
a hunting ground for Indian slaves, who
were deported to Cuba. Numbers of the
male children of the conquered Pequot
were transported to the West Indies from
Massachusetts and sold into slavery,
while the women and girls were scattered
among white families (Bradford in Coll.
Mass. Hist. Soc., 11, 360, 1856). The
English settlers of South Carolina prac-
tised the enslavement of Indians on a
large scale, and during the years 1702-
1708 sent out three expeditions against
the Yamasee, Apalachee, and Timucua,
of n. Florida. They carried back to
Charleston almost the entire population of
7 large towns, in all, some 1,400 persons,
who were sold as slaves to the Carolina
settlers or distributed among the Creeks,
who assisted in the enterprise. Indeed,
in the early days of the colonies the en-
slavement of Indians by settlers seems
to have been general. See Adoption, So-
cial Organization. (H. Ww. H.)
Slaves. An ethnic and linguistic Atha-
pascan group comprising, according to
Petitot (Dict. Déné Dindjié, xx, 1876),
the Etchareottine, Thlingchadinne, and
Kawchodinne. Heincltded also the Eta-
gottine of the Nahanegroup. The Etcha-
reottine are specifically designated by this
term, which originated with the Cree, who
captured them in forays, and the tribe
nearest to the Cree, the Etchaotine, are
called Slaves proper.
Sleds. The Eskimo and the Indians Nn.
of lat. 40° used as a vehicle for travel and
transportation, complementary to the
skin boat and the bark canoe, the sled
drawn by man and dog over snow and ice.
The Eskimo make long journeys, using
boat and sled alternately. Sleds differ in
construction, shape, and use according to
the materials, the ingenuity of the people,
the nature of the ice and snow, the jour-
neys to be made, and the loads to be
BULL. 30]
hauled. The simplest forms are smooth,
flat substances, sometimes even blocks of
ice; there is one consisting of a few plates
of baleen stitched together; others are
elaborately constructed. Uniform widths
were adopted to enable them to follow
the same tracks. Owing to frost and
strain treenails and pegs were little used
in construction; only lashings of good
CENTRAL ESKIMO SLEDGE (Boas)
rawhide thongs would hold them to-
gether. In the use of these the makers
were as ingenious at seizing and making
knots as the Pacific islanders. The parts
of asled are the runners, shoes, crossbars,
handles, lashings, lines, traces, toggles,
packing, webbing, and braces. These
belong to the fully equipped sled, which
is a marvel of convenience, but some of
them may be wanting. There are four
plans of construction besides numerous
makeshifts: (1) The bed lashed to solid
runners; (2) the bed on pairs of bent
sticks spliced together or arched and fas-
tened below to runners; (3) the bed rest-
ing on asquare mortised frame, probably
an introduced type; (4) the bed flat on
the ground, the toboggan. In the E.,
the Eskimo, being in some places poorly
provided with wood, made sled runners
DOG HARNESS, CENTRAL ESKIMO (BcAs)
of porous bone, pieces of which, cut to
shape and pierced, were sewed together
neatly. The shoeing consisted of short
strips of ivory or smooth bone, pierced
and fastened on with treenails or thongs,
which were countersunk to preventabrad-
ing. When in use the shoes and runners
were coated with ice or often with blood
and salt. Boas figures a complete sled
SLEEPING WOLF—SLEEPY EYES
601
from Cumberland gulf, and Mason a much
pieced and perforated runner from Green-
land, brought by Dr Kane. In the Mac-
kenzie r. district were brought together
the riding and freighting toboggan, the
framed sleds of the Kutchin, and varie-
ties with solid wooden runners. The
greatest variety of forms, figured and de-
scribed by Murdoch and Nelson, .were
found in Alaska. The main types are
the low, flat sled without a rail, for carry-
ing buiky objects and umiaks, and the
built-up sled with a high rail on each side
for loads of smaller articles and camp
equipage. Murdoch describes a shoe of
ice, 1 ft high and 6 in. wide, placed by
the Pt Barrow Eskimo on the runners.
Nelson figures the details of the two types
of sled about Bering str., together with
the whip, breast-board, swivels, and line
attachers.
CANADIAN TOBOGGAN (mason)
Consult Boas in 6th Rep. B. A. E., 1888;
Dall, Alaska, 1870; Mason in Rep. Nat.
Mus. 1894, 1896; Murdoch in 9th Rep.
B. A. E., 1892; Nelson in 18th Rep. B.
A. E., 1901; Stites, Economics of the Iro-
quois, 1905; Turner in 11th Rep. B. A. E.,
1894. (oO. THM.)
Sleeping Wolf (proper name Gui-kati,
‘Wolf lying down’). Second chief of
the Kiowa, a delegate to Washington
in 1872, and a prominent leader in
the outbreak of 1874-75. He was shot
and killed in a quarrel with one of his
own tribe in 1877. The name is heredi-
tary in the tribe and has been borne by at
least 5 successive individuals, the first
of whom negotiated the permanent peace
between the Kiowa and Comanche about
1790. (J. M. )
Sleepy Eyes (Jsitaba, or Ishtahumba).
A chief of the Lower Sisseton Sioux, of
the Chansdachikana band (not a Teton,
as is sometimes said), born on Minnesota
r. near the present site of Mankato; he
lived most of his years on the lake which
bears his name in Brownco., Minn. He
was prominent in the affairs of his tribe
contemporary with the relinquishment of
their lands in Minnesota and the removal
to the reservations on the upper Minne-
sota from 1850 to 1865. Sleepy Eyes be-
came chief between 1822 and 1825, evi-
dently succeeding Wahkanto. He wasa
frequent and friendly visitor at the home
of Rey. 8. R. Riggs, the renowned mis-
sionary. Heard states that a party of his
people participated in the massacre of the
whites at the Lake Shetek settlement in
602
1862. He is described in 1836 (McKen-
ney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, 11, 109, 1854)
as large and well proportioned, of rather
dignified appearance, good natured and
plausible, but as having never been dis-
tinguished as a warrior or hunter. He
signed the treaties of Prairie du Chien,
Aug. 19, 1825, and July 15, 1830; St. Pe-
ters, Nov. 30, 1836; and Traverse des
Sioux, July 23,1851. The last treaty was
signed also by ‘‘Sleepy Eyes young,’’
probably a son. Sleepy Eyes died in
Roberts co., 8. Dak., but many years after
his death his remains were disinterred
and removed to Sleepyeye, Minn., where
they were reburied under a monument
erected by the citizens. (pb. R. c. 7.)
Sliammon. A Salish tribe on Malaspina
inlet, Brit. Col., speaking the Comox
dialect; pop. 107 in 1909.
Klaamen.—Brit. Col. Map, Ind. Aff., Victoria, 1872
(given as N. of Malaspina inlet)., Sliammon,—Can.
Ind. Aff., pt. 11, 160, 1901. Tlaamen.—Boas, MS..,
B. A. E., 1887.
Slings. Slings made of the skins of
animals and of textile materials variously
woven and plaited were in use among the
ancient aborigines of Middle and South
America, and are still employed by the
more primitive tribes. There appears to
be no absolute proof, however, that the
sling was known to the northern tribes
before the discovery of America, although
it has been assumed that certain pellets
of baked clay found in numbers in Cali-
fornia mounds were intended for this use.
The slings found in collections, although
showing in their materials and manu-
facture some local tribal characteristics,
were adopted from Europeans and had no
employment other than for youthful
sports. (w. H.)
Slokoi. A Squawmish village commu-
nity on the right bank of Squawmisht r.,
Brit. Col.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Brit. A. A.
S., 474, 1900.
Slubeama. Given asa division of Salish
numbering 400 and living n. of Whidbey
id., on a river of the same name.
Slub-e-a-ma,—Jones eee) in H.R. Ex. Doc. 76,
34th Cong., 3d sess., 5, 1857
Slumach. A band of the Katsey (q. v-)
in British Columbia; pop. 69 in 1896,
when last separately enumerated.
Slumach, —Can. Ind. Aff., 276, 1894. Slumagh.—
Ibid., 313, 1888.
Smackshop. A band of the Chilluckit-
tequaw living in 1806 on Columbia r. from
the mouth of Hood r. to The Dalles. Their
estimated number was 800.
Sinacsops. —Wilkes, Hist. Oregon, 44,1845. Smack-
shops.—Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, VI, 67, 1905.
Smacshop.—Lewis and Clark Exped., map, 1893.
Smacsops,—Robertson, Oregon, 129, 1846. Smak-
shop.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 460, 1854. Smascops.—Rob-
ertson in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 30th Cong., Ist sess.,
9, 1848. Smockshop.—Morse, Rep. to Sec. War, 370,
1822. Smokshops.—Am. Pioneer, 11, 191, 1843.
Weocksockwillacum.—Lewis and Clark Exped.,
II, 239, 1814. We-ock-sock, Willacum. —Orig. Jour.
Lewisand Clark, Iv, 280, 1905, Wil-la-cum. —Ibid.,
SLIAMMON—SMOHALLA
[B. A. BE.
Smalihu. A Salish division on a branch
of Skagit r., Nn. w. Wash.; generally classed
as a Skagit subtribe.
Sma-léh-hu.—Stevens in Ind. Aff. Rep., 458, 1854.
Sma-lih-hu.,—Gibbs in Pac. R.R. Rep., 1, 436, 1855.
Smali-hu.—GibbsinCont. N. A. Ethnol.. T 180, 1877.
Smelakoa (Smzla/koa). A Squawmish
village community on Burrard inlet, Brit.
Col.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Brit. A. A. S., 475,
1900.
Smith, Nimrod Jarrett (known to his
people as Tsdldtihi, an attempt at the
sound of ‘‘Jarrett’’?). A mixed-blood
Cherokee, for a number of years chief of
the Eastern band, residing on a reserva-
tion in w. North Carolina. His father,
Henry Smith, was a half-breed, while his
mother was of full blood. Chief Smith
was born on Valley r., near the present
Murphy, N. C., about 1838. He received
a fair education, which he supplemented
from his own resources in later years.
Shortly after the outbreak of the Civil
War he enlisted, with a considerable
number of the East Cherokee, in the
Thomas Confederate Legion, organized
by Col. W. H. Thomas, a Cherokee
trader, and served to the close of the war
as sergeantof his Indiancompany. Some
10 years later he was elected principal
chief of the Eastern band, which office
he held by successive reelections almost
to the time of his death. During all
these years he was an active worker
on behalf of his people, both at home
and in Washington, and always at great
personal sacrifice to himself, as by reason
of the refusal of the band to join the
main body of the tribe in the W. they
were denied any share in the tribal funds,
so that most of his service was performed
at hisown expense. Through his efforts
the first schools were established among
the East Cherokeeand the landed interests
of the tribe were established on a secure
basis. He died in Aug. 1893. In person
Smith was of manly and lovable disposi-
tion, dignified bearing, and magnificent
physique, being 6 ft 4 in. in height. He
was a master of both Cherokee and Eng-
lish. His wife was a white woman, for-
merly Miss Mary Guthrie. (3. M.)
Smoen (Sm06’en). The highest gens or
band of the Bellacoola peopte of Nutlel,
Brit. Col.—Boas in 7th Rep. N. W. Tribes
Can., 6, 1891.
Smohalla. An Indian prophet and
teacher, the originator of a religion cur-
rent among the tribes of the upper Co-
lumbia r. and adjacent region in Wash-
ington, Oregon, and Idaho, whence the
name ‘‘Smohallah Indians’’ sometimes
applied. The name, properly Shmogitila,
signifies ‘‘The Preacher,’’ and was given
to him after he became prominent as a re-
ligious reformer. He belonged to the So-
kulk, a small tribe cognate to the Nez
Percés and centering about Priest rapids
BULL, 30]
on the Columbia in &. Washington.
He was born about 1815 or 1820,
and in his boyhood frequented a
neighboring Catholic mission, from
which he evidently derived some of his
ceremonial ideas. Hedistinguished him-
self as a warrior, and began to preach
about the year 1850. Somewhat later,
in consequence of a quarrel with a rival
chief, he left home secretly and absented
himself for a long time, wandering as
far s. as Mexico and returning overland
through Nevada to the Columbia. On
being questioned he declared that he had
been to the spirit world and had been
sent back to deliver a message to the
Indian race. This message, like that of
other aboriginal prophets, was, briefly,
that the Indians must return to their
primitive mode of life, refuse the teach-
ings or the things of the white man, and
in all their actions be guided by the will
of the Indian God as revealed in dreams
to Smohalla and his priests. The doc-
trine found many adherents, Chief Joseph
and his Nez Percés being among the
most devoted believers. Smohalla has
recently died, but, in spite of occasional
friction with agency officials, the ‘‘ Dream-
ers,’’ as they are popularly called, main-
tain their religious organization, with
periodical gatherings and an elaborate
ceremony. See Mooney, Ghost Dance Re-
ligion, 14th Rep. B. A. E., 1896. (J. M.)
Smok (Smdk). A Squawmish village
community on the left bank of Squaw-
misht r., Brit. Col.—Hill-Tout in Rep.
Brit. A. A. 8., 474, 1900.
Smoking. For more than a century
after the discovery of America nearly
all the early voyagers remarked on a
curious practice, described as ‘‘a fumi-
gation of a peculiar kind,’’ that they
found prevailing in some form almost
everywhere in North America. It is
narrated that ‘‘the Spaniards were hon-
ored as though they had been deities.’’
Cortés is reported to have been received
with incense, and it wassaid by one chron-
icler that he was ‘‘met by persons carry-
ing vessels with lighted coals to fumigate
him.’’ The natives were said to burn in-
cense to or to fumigate their idols, and the
priests to ‘‘ prepare themselves by smok-
ing to receive the devil’s oracles.’’ These
and many similar expressions indicate
that the practice of smoking was not
understood by Europeans. The cigar or
the cigarette was used throughout Span-
ish America. Montezuma and other
chiefs of Mexico were said ‘‘to com-
pose themselves to sleep by smoking.”
Alarcon, in 1540, found the natives on
the lower Colorado using ‘‘small reeds
for making perfume,” likening them to
‘the Indian tobagos of New Spain.’’
Jacques Cartier found the practice of
SMOK—SMOKING
603
smoking to prevail on the lower St Law-
rence. Champlain refers to the native
assemblies as tabagies. Hariot says the
natives took the fumes of smoke as a
cure for disease, and that they knew
nothing of many ailments ‘‘ wherewith
we in England are oftentimes afflicted.’’
Tobacco or some mixture thereof was
invariably smoked in councils with the
whites and on other solemn occasions.
:
a
CEREMONIAL SMOKING; PAWNEE (c. A. Dorsey)
No important undertaking was entered
upon without deliberation and discus-
sion in a solemn council at which the
pipe was smoked by all present. The
remarkable similarity in smoking cus-
toms throughout the continent proves
the great antiquity of the practice. The
custom of offering incense was not re-
stricted to men, for women also, in cer-
tain localities, are said to have offered
incense _ to
idols. It was
not necessa-
rily a reli-
gious act; it
was observed
as a com-
pliment to
‘lords and
am bassa-
dors.’”’ The
women of
Cartagena,
we are told,
about 1750, could offer no higher courtesy
to a person than to light his tobacco for
him. The Hopi, in their ceremonies,
offer smoke to their sacred images, and
the ceremonies of the pipe are observed
with great decorum; the head chief is
attended by an assistant of nearly equal
rank, who ceremoniously lights the pipe,
and with certain formalities and set
words hands it to the chief, who blows
FLORIDA INDIAN SMOKING (de Bry)
604
the smoke to the world-quarters and
over the altar as a preliminary to his in-
vocation. In religious ceremonies in
general the priest usually blows the
smoke over the altar to the world-quar-
ters. In the councils of some tribes the
pipe was handed to the head chief by
the official pipe keeper; after lighting
it he handed it on, and it was passed
around in the council house, usually
from left to right, until each one had
smoked and thus fitted himself for seri-
ous deliberation. Among some tribes
the pipe, in being passed from one indi-
vidual to another during a ceremony, is
differently grasped and held, according
to the nature of the ceremony or to
the taboo obligation of the individual.
Among other tribes the decoration of
pipes, and especially of the pipe stems,
has great ceremonial and ethnic signifi-
cance; even the attachment holding the
pipe to the stem is fixed with special
care, and the early death of an indi-
vidual, or other calamity, it was be-
lieved, would ensue were the pipe dropped
from the stem duringaceremony. Every
individual engaging in war, hunting,
fishing, or husbandry, and every clan
and phratry made supplication to the
gods by means of smoke, which was be-
lieved to bring good and to arrest evil, to
give protection from enemies, to bring
game or fish, allay storms, and protect
one while journeying.
Smoking was early introduced from
America into Europe and spread to the
most distant parts of the world with
astonishing rapidity until it encircled
the globe, returning to America by way
of Asia. Itshould be said, however, that
the act of inhaling and exhaling smoke
through a tube for medicinal purposes
was certainly known to the ancients in
Europe and Asia from a time antedating
the Christianera. The fear that smoking
would cause degeneration of the race or
affect injuriously the revenues of the gov-
ernment caused stringent edicts to be
passed against the use of tobacco, the vio-
lation of which was punished sometimes
with death.
See Pipes, Tobacco, and the authorities
thereunder cited. (J. D. M.)
Smulkamish. A small band of Salish
formerly on upper White r., Wash., as-
sociated with the Skopamish; afterward
on Muckleshoot res. Pop. about 183 in
1870, butno longerseparately enumerated.
S’Balahco.—Gosnell in Ind. Aff. Rep., 338, 1857.
Smalh,—Ross, ibid., 1869, 135, 1870. Smalh-kah-
mish,—Treaty of 1855 in U.S. Ind. Treaties, 378,
1873. Smel-ka-mish.—Stevens in Ind. Aff. Rep.,
458, 1854. Smuleoe.—Gosnell, ibid., 244, 1855.
Smul-ka-mish.—Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., I, 436,
1855. Sobal-ruck.—Ross in Ind. Aff. Rep., 17,
1870 (probably identical). White River Indians.—
Gosnellin Ind. Aff. Rep., 338, 1857.
Smuttuns. Said to be a division of Sa-
SMULKAMISH—SNAKE DANCE
[B. A. BL
lish contiguous to the Nooksak, near the
n. w. boundary of Washington.—Fitzhugh
in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1857, 328, 1858.
Smutty Bear. A head-man of the Yank-
ton Sioux, who first appears as a signer
of the treaty of Portage des Sioux in 1815.
He signed also the trade and intercourse
treaty at Ft Kiowa in 1825, and the
treaty relinquishing title to the Yankton
lands in 1858. Soon after, however, he
led a strong faction of his tribe in hostil-
ity to the treaty, but was out-maneu-
vered by his contemporary chief, Struck-
by-the-Ree. After the removal of the
tribe to their reservation near Ft Ran-
dall, S. Dak., in 1859, Smutty Bear, then
very old, lost his influence and soon
died. (D. R.)
Snakaim. An unidentified body of
Ntlakyapamuk on or near Fraser r., Brit.
Col. Pop. 40 in 1901, the last time the
name appears.
§-na-ha-em.—Can. Ind. Aff. 1885, 196, 1886. Sna-
haim.—Ibid. 1886, 230, 1887, Snahain,—Ibid. 1897,
363, 1898. Snakaim.—Ibid., pt. 11, 166, 1901.
Snake dance. A noteworthy ceremony
of the Hopi Indians of Arizona, in which
live snakes are carried. It is held every
2 years, alternating with the Flute cere-
mony, in the Hopi pueblos of Walpi,
Mishongnoyi, Shipaulovi, Shumopovi,
and Oraibi, by the Snake and Antelope
fraternities conjointly about Aug. 20.
Each fraternity meets in separate under- .
ground kivas, and each holds a publie
“dance”? at the conclusion of certain
secret rites conducted during the pre-
ceding 8 days. The striking features of
the complicated secret rite are the gath-
ering of snakes from the world-quarters,
the making of the sand altar, the snake
washing, the snake drama, and the races
which occur on the mornings of the days
of the public ‘‘dance’’ of the Snake fra-
ternity. In the afternoon the Antelope
celebrants file from their kiva, painted
and attired in the traditional costume
consisting of headdress, necklace, bando-
lier, armlets, kilt, anklets, moccasins, and
a tortoise-shell rattle bound to the knee,
and march to the plaza, about which
they circle four times, each man stamp-
ing on a small board set in the ground in
notification to the beings of the under-
world that aceremony is goingon. They
then form in line on each side of a small
shelter of cottonwood boughs, called a
kisi, erected at the margin of the plaza,
and sound their rattles. The Snake
priests follow in the same order and
form in line, facing the Antelope priests.
A low chant begins, gradually intensify-
ing in volume; the lines sway in undu-
lating curves, the motion increases with
the chant until the movement culminates
in a dance-like restrained leap. The
snake dancers at once form in groups of
three and dance with a hopping step un-
BULL. 30]
til they arrive before the kisi where the
snakes and snake passer are concealed.
The carrier drops to his knees and _ re-
ceives a snake, grasps it by the middle
in his mouth, and, rising, dances four
times around the plaza, when he drops
the snake, which is immediately picked
up by the collector. The carrier then
returns to the kisi, obtains another snake,
and goes through the same process. The
carrier is assisted by a companion, who
passes one hand over his shoulder and
HOPI ANTELOPE PRIEST, SNAKE DANCE
waves before the snake, with the other
hand, a snake whip, consisting of a short
staff to which are attached two eagle
feathers; this is for the purpose of caus-
ing the snakes to uncoil and run, when
they are picked up with great celerity.
While the dance is progressing a group
of women and maidens in picturesque
costume stand at one side of the plaza
and sprinkle the dancers with sacred meal
from basket trays.
SNAKE DANCE
605
When the snakes have all been carried,
the participants pause while a ‘‘six-direc-
tions picture’’ insacred corn-mealisdrawn
on the ground. At a signal the collec-
tors throw the snakes on the meal; then
a wild scramble ensues, and one by one
the priests emerge with snakes in their
hands and rush down the rocky trail of
the mesa to release the reptiles at various’
points below the pueblo. Returning, the
priests are given an emetic drink, made
from herbs, and undergo a thorough puri-
fication. The ceremony closes with feast-
ing and games by the entire populace.
The Snake dance is celebrated princi-
pally asa prayerforrain. The legendas
to its origin recounts that the children of
the union of the Snake Hero and the
Snake Maid were transformed into snakes,
hence snakes are regarded by the Hopi
as their elder brothers and are thought
to be powerful in
compelling the nature
gods to bring rain.
For this purpose they
are set free at the
close of theceremony.
The snake rite is
thought to have been
originally an obser-
vance of the ancient
Snakeclan, which fur-
nishes the chief of
thesociety. Thecere-
mony is believed to
represent an agree-
ment between the
Snake and Antelope
clans to hold joint
celebration of their re-
spective rites, which
no doubt conflicted
when the clans orig-
inally came to live
together. Some ri-
valry is still obser-
vable in connection
with the assumed efficiency of the rain
charms of the two societies. Two species
of rattlesnake and the bull and the whip
snake are carried in the dance. The
latter two are not venomous. The cele-
brants are rarely bitten by the dangerous
snakes, a fact due largely to careful hand-
ling and to the ‘‘herding’’ to which the
snakes have been subjected between the
time when they are gathered and the
dance. The Snake dance formerly must
have been widely distributed among the
Pueblo tribes, as remnants of it are found
at Zuni, Laguna, Acoma, Sia, and Cochiti,
and among other Rio Grande villages.
That it was practised in Mexico is evi-
denced by a picture in Sahagun’s Historia.
The Yokuts of California held a rattle-
snake ceremony, Jatulowis, which from
Powers’ description (Cont. N. A. Ethnol.,
Lae
Me
Hopi SNAKE PRIEST (santa
FE RaiLway)
606
111, 380, 1877) was similar in some respects
to the Hopi dance.
For detailed information see Bourke,
Snake Dance of the Moquis of Arizona,
1884; Dorsey and Voth, Mishongnovi
Ceremonies of the Snake and Antelope
Fraternities, Field Colunibian Mus. Pub.,
HOPI SNAKE DANCE
Anthr. ser., 111, no. 3, 1902; Fewkes, Snake
Ceremonials at Walpi, Jour. Am. Ethnol.
and Archeol., tv, 1894, and Tusayan
Snake Ceremonies, 16th Rep. B. A. E.,
1897; Hodge, Pueblo Snake Ceremonials,
Am. Anthr., rx, 1896; Hough, MokiSnake
Dance, 1898; Stevenson, The Sia, in 11th
Rep. B. A. E., 1894. (WwW. H.)
Snake River. A Chippewa band on
Mille Lac res., Minn.—Ind. Aff. Rep.,
250, 1877.
Snakes. A name applied to many dif-
ferent bodies of Shoshonean Indians, but
most persistently to those of ©. Oregon, to
which the following synonyms refer.
These Indians form one dialectic group
with the Paviotso of w. Nevada and the
Mono of s. £. California. The principal
Snake tribes were the Walpapi and the
Yahuskin. For others, see Wono-Paviotso,
Shoshonean Family. (J. RB. 8.)
Aigspaluma.—Gatschet in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 1,
pt. 1, xxxiii, 1890 (‘Chipmunk people’; applied
by the Warm Springs Indians to Oregon Shoshoni
and Klamath). Sai/-du-ka.—Powers, Inds. W. Ne-
vada, MS., B. A. E., 1876. Sa’t.—Gatschet, MS.,
B. A. E. (Klamath and Modoc name for all
Shoshonean Indians; sig. ‘unclean,’ ‘disheveled,’
‘of low character’). Sha’t.—Ibid. Shitaikt,—
Mooney, inf’n, 1900 (Tenino name, especially for
the Shoshoneansof Warm Springs, Oreg.). Shne’-
gitsuish.—Gatschet, MS., B. A. E. (Shasta name for
a ‘‘Snake”’ Indian). Shoshoni.—Lewis and Clark
Exped., 11, 594, 1817. r
Snakestown. A former village, perhaps
of the Delawares, on Muskingum r., Ohio,
in 1774.—McKee (1774) quoted by Rupp,
W. Penn., app., 211, 1846.
Snakwametl (Snd’/kwametl). Tay-waugh.—Lane (1854) in Schoolcraft, Ind.
Tribes, v. 689, 1855 (pueblos of San Juan, Santa
Clara, Pojuaque, Nambe, ‘‘San Il de Conso,”’ and
one Moqui [Hopi] pueblo); Keane in Stanford’s
Compend., Cent. and So. Am., app., 479, 1878.
>Tano.—Powellin Rocky Mountain Presbyterian,
Noy. 1878 (includes Sandia, Téwa, San Ildefonso,
San Juan, Santa Clara, Pojoaque, Nambé, Tesuque,
Sinectii, Jemez, Taos, Picuri). >Tegua.—Keane.
in Stanford’s Compend., Cent. and So. Am., app.,
479, 1878 (includes S. Juan, Sta. Clara, Pojuaque,
Nambe, Tesugue, S. Ildefonso, Haro [Hano]).
=Téwan.—Powell in Am. Nat., 605, Aug. 1880
(makes five divisions: 1. Tafio (Isleta, Isleta near
El Paso, Sandia); 2. Taos (Taos, Picuni [Picuris] );
3. Jemes (Jemes); 4. Tewa or Tehua (San Ilde-
fonso, San Juan, Pojoaque, Nambe, Tesuque,
Santa Clara, and one Moki [Hopi] pueblo); 5.
Piro) .>E-nagh-magh,—Lane ak in Schooleratft,
Ind. Tribes, v, 689, 1855 (includes Taos, Vicuris,
Zesuqua, Sandia, Ystete, and two pueblos near
El Paso, Texas). Keane in Stanford's Compend.,
Cent. and So. Am., app., 479, 1878 (follows Lane,
but identifies Texan pueblos with Lentis? and So-
corro?), >Picori.—Keane in Stanford’s Compend.,
Cent. and So. Am., app., 479, 1878 (or Enaghmagh),.
=Stock of Rio Grande Pueblos.—Gatschet in U.S.
Geog. Surv. W. 100th Mer., vil, 415, 1879.=Rio
Grande Pueblo.—Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 258,
1882.
Tanom. A branch of the Yuki which
lived on the kz. side of Eel r., about w.
of Round valley, central Cal. They were
neighbors of the Athapascan Wailaki,
and in their most important ceremony
resembled these rather than the other
Yuki. (Am inser)
Tanotenne (‘people a short distance to
thenorth’). A bandoftheTakulli, appar-
ently officially known as the Ft George
band, under Babine and Upper Skeena
agency, at the junction of Stuart and
Fraser rs., Brit. Col., numbering 130 in
1892, 124 in 1909, in the village of Leitli.
Their other village, Chinlak, was de-
stroyed by the Tsilkotin. They have ex-
tensive hunting grounds kr. of Fraser r. as
far as the Rocky and Caribou mts.
Aunghim.—Lennard, Brit. Col., 213, 1862. Ta-no-
tenne.—Morice, letter, B. A. E., 1890 (‘people
a short distance to the north’). Tsatsnotin.—
Hale, Ethnol.and Philol., 202, 1846. Tsatsuotin.—
McDonald, Brit. Col., 126, 1862.
Tanpacuazes. A tribe named in 1780
by Cabello, governor of Texas, as one of
those living on the coast between the Rio
Grande and the Nueces. It was perhaps
one of the Coahuiltecan tribes of that re-
gion known by some other name (Ca-
bello, Rep. on Coast Tribes, May 28, 1780,
MS. in Bexar Archives, cited by H. E.
Bolton, inf’n, 1908).
Tanques (Span. Los Tanques, ‘thetanks,’
‘water-holes,’ ‘pools’). A ruined pueblo,
probably of the Tigua, on the Rio Grande,
near Albuquerque, N. Mex.—Loew (1875)
in Wheeler Surv. Rep., vir, 338, 1879.
Tantucquask. A village of the Pow-
hatan confederacy in 1608 on Rappahan-
nock r., in Richmond co., Va.—Smith
(1629), Va., 1, map, repr. 1819.
Tanunak. A Nunivagmiut Eskimo vil-
lage and Jesuit mission near C. Vancou-
688
ver, Nelson id., Alaska.
48 in 1890.
Dununuk.—11th Census, Alaska, 110, 1893. Tanu-
nak,—Petroti, Rep. on Alaska, 54, 1880.—Tunu-
nuk,—Nelson in 18th Rep. B. A. E., map, 1899.
Tanwakanwakaghe. An ancient Osage
village at the junction of Grand and Osage
rs., Mo.
an wa-k’a" wa-y4-xe.—Dorsey, Osage MS. vocab.,
B.A. E., 1883. ;
Tanwanshinka (‘small village’). Anan-
cient Osage village situated on Neosho r.,
Okla. In the year 1850, when De Smet
visited the Osage, the village contained
300 persons.
Cawva-Shinka.—De Smet, W. Miss., 365, 1856 (‘little
town’). Little Town,—Ibid. Tawa" oinya,—
Dorsey, Osage MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1883.
Tanxnitania (from Powhatan tanz,
‘little’). A tribe of the Manahoac con-
federacy, living in 1608 in Fauquier co.,
Va., on the n. side of upper Rappahan-
nock r.
Tanxsnitania,—Smith (1629), Va., I, map, 1819.
Tanxsnitanians, —Strachey (ca. 1612), Va., 104,
1849. Tauxanias.—Smith, op. cit., 134. Tauxil-
nanians, —Boudinot, Star in the West, 129, 1816.
Tauxitanians.—Jefferson, Notes, 179, 1801. Taux-
sintania,—Simonsin Smith (1629), Va., 1, 186, 1819.
Tauxuntania,—Ibid.
Tanyi. The Calabash clans of the Ke-
resan pueblos of Acoma, Sia, San Felipe,
and Cochiti, N. Mex. That of Acoma
forms a phratry with the Showwiti (Par-
rot) and Hapanyi (Oak) clans. The
dialectal variations in pronunciation of
thenameare: Acoma, Tanyi-hdénoq”; Sia
and San Felipe, Tanyi-hano; Cochiti,
Tanyi-hainuch (Hodge in Am. Anthr.,
Ix, 349, 1896). According to Bandelier
(Arch. Inst. Papers, m1, 301, 1890) the
Calabash clan, since the beginning of the
19th century, seems to represent what
might be called the progressive element.
Cf. Shuwimi.
Tane.—Stevenson in 11th Rep. B. A. E., 19, 1894
(Sia form). Tanyi hanutsh.—Bandelier, Delight
Makers, 28, 1890.
Tao. The Beaver gens of the Caddo.—
Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 1093, 1896.
Taoapa. A band of Mdewakanton Sioux
formerly living on Minnesota r. in the
present Scott co., Minn., and hunting be-
tween it and the Mississippi. Their vil-
lage, generally known as Shakopee’s Vil-
lage, or Little Six’s Village, from the
chief of the band, was on the left bank of
the river and the cemetery on the oppo-
site side in 1835. See Shakopee.
Little Six.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 282, 1854. Sha-ka-
pee’s band.—Blackmore in Jour. Ethnol. Soe.
Lond., I, 318, 1869. Shakopee.—Minn. Hist. Soc.
Coll., 111, pt. 1, 132,1870. Shakpa.—Long, Exped. St
Peter’s R., I, 385, 1824 (‘Six’: chief’sname). Shak-
pay.—Featherstonhaugh, Canoe Voy., I, 286, 1847.
Shokpay.—Neill, Hist. Minn., xliv, 1858. Shok-
paydan.—Ibid., 590 (name of the chief). Shok-
pedan.—Warren in Minn. Hist. Coll., v, 156, note,
1885. Six.—Featherstonhaugh, Canoe Voy., I, 286,
1847. Taoapa.—Long, Exped. St. Peter’s R.., 1, 385,
1824. The Six.—Minn. Hist. Soe. Coll., 11, 154,
1874. Village of Sixes.—Featherstonhaugh, Canoe
Voy., 11, 4, 1847. Xa-kpe-dan.—Neill, Hist. Minn.,
144, note, 1858. '
Taol-naas-hadai (TJaol na/as 2d/da-i,
‘Rainbow-house people’). Asubdivision
Pop. 8.in 1880,
TANWAKANWAKAGHE—TAOS
[B. A. E.
of the Ao-keawai, a Haida family belong-
ing to the Raven clan; named from a
house. They belonged to the Alaskan
group, or Kaigani.—Swanton, Cont.
Haida, 272, 1905.
Taos (Span. pl. adaptation of Téwih,
its Tewa name). A Tigua pueblo con-
sisting of two house groups, known as
North town (Hlauuma) and South town
(Hlaukwima), on both sides of Taos r.,
an £. tributary of the Rio Grande, in
Taos co., N. Mex., 52 m. ny. &. of Santa
Fé. The native name of the pueblo is
Tiiata; of the people, Tafinamu. The
puebloisalso called Yahlahaimubahutulba,
‘Red-willow place.’ It was first visited
in 1540 by Hernando de Alvarado, and in
1541 by Francisco de Barrionuevo, both
of Coronado’s army, who called it Bra-
ba (seemingly a miscopying of Tuata),
Yuraba, and Uraba (perhaps intended
for the Pecos form Yulata), as well as
Valladolid, the last, no doubt, on account
of some fancied resemblance to the Span-
ish city of that name. Taos did not then
stand in the spot it occupies to-day, but a
few hundred yards to the N. £., and on
both sides of the stream as now. One of
the narratives of Coronado’s expedition
(Rel. del Suceso, 14th Rep. B. A. E., 575,
1896) described the town, under the name
Yuraba, as having 18 divisions, each with
‘‘a situation as if for two ground plots;
the houses are very close together, and
have five or six stories, three of them with
mud walls and two or three with thin
wooden walls, which become smaller as
they go up, and each one has its little
balcony outside of the mud walls, one
above the other, all around, of wood. In
this village, as it is in the mountains, they
do not raise cotton nor breed fowls [tur-
keys]; they wear the skins of deer and
cows [buffalo] entirely. It is the most
populous village of all that country; we
estimated there were 15,000 persons in
it.’ This estimate is certainly greatly
exaggerated.
Taos was visited also in 1598 by
Ofiate, who applied to it its first saint
name—San Miguel. It became the seat
of the Spanish mission of San Gerénimo
early in the 17th century, and in the
middle of the century some families
moved to the Jicarillas, at a place called
El Quartelejo, in the present Scott co.,
Kans., but were subsequently brought
back by Juan de Archuleta. In the -
Pueblo revolt of 1680-92 Taos took a con-
spicuous part. It was the central point
from which Popé (q. v.) disseminated
his doctrine of independence from Spanish
authority, and was one of the first ad-
herents to this cause. On Aug. 10, 1680,
the day the outbreak began, the Taos
warriors joined those of Picuris and the
Tewa in the murder of their priests, as
well as of all the colonists on which they
BULL. 30]
could lay hands, and then proceeded to
Santa Fé, where they formed part of the
3,000 Pueblos who laid siege to that town
for 5 days, when Gov. Otermin succeeded
in beating them off and in beginning his
retreat to El Paso. All the Pueblos re-
mained independent of the Spaniards
until 1692, when Vargas reconquered the
province. On his visiting Taos in Octo-
ber the Indians ran away, but were in-
duced to return, professing friendship.
After several conflicts with the Tewa in
the following year (1693), Vargas again
visited Taos on July 3, finding it aban-
doned, the Indians having taken refuge
in a near-by canyon, after placing crosses
on their property to command for it re-
spect from the Spaniards. Attempts to
negotiate with the natives proving a fail-
ure, Vargas sacked their village, taking
much corn. Before the close of 1694
TAOS
689
revolt of 1680 the population of Taos was
about 2,000.
Owing to its situation on the northern
frontier, Taos became an important trad-
ing rendezvous for the surrounding tribes,
and its people also experienced several
disastrous conflicts with the Ute, and in
1766 with the Comanche. To these hos-
tilities was doubtless partly due the reduc-
tion of the once comparatively large pop-
ulation to 515 in 1910. See Pueblos.
In 1847 occurred what is known as
the Taos rebellion. Instigated by Mexi-
cans, whose ill feeling for the Americans
had been aroused by the Mexican war,
the Taos warriors, on Jan. 17, attacked
and eruelly killed Goy. Charles Bent and
other residents of the near-by Mexican
settlement of Fernandez de Taos, and,
joined by Mexicans, murdered all but
one of nine Americans at Turley’s mill, 12
PUEBLO OF TAOS
peace again reigned, many of the pueblos
were rebuilt, and new missionaries as-
signed. But it was not long ere the
Pueblos again became restless; on June 4,
1696, another uprising of the northern
pueblos, including Taos, took place, in
which 5 missionaries and 21 other Span-
iards were murdered, the Indians again
abandoning their villages, seeking pro-
tection in mountain strongholds. In
September Vargas attacked the Taos in
their fortified canyon, and after a siege
they were forced to surrender in the fol-
lowing month. At the beginning of the
3456—Bull. 30, pt 2—07——44
m. above. News of the massacre reach-
ing Santa Fé, troops were hastened to the
place, which they reached Feb. 3, after
several skirmishes on the way. The In-
dians and Mexicans were fortified in the
massive adobe church, which was can-
nonaded at close range and its walls at-
tacked with axes until its occupants were
forced to flee to the near-by pueblo and
thence toward the mountains. During
the fight 150 of the insurgents were killed,
about a third of this number in their at-
tempt toescape fromthe pueblo. Fifteen
others were afterward executed, and one
was shot in attempting to escape. The
690
loss of the Americans was 7 killed out-
right and 45 wounded, some of the latter,
including Capt. Burgwin, fatally. Since
that time the Taos people were entirely
peaceable until May 1910, when a threat-
ened uprising, which had its origin in
land encroachment by whites, was speed-
TAOS MAN
ily quelled on the appearance of Terri-
torial troops,
Members of this tribe have probably
intermarried extensively with the Ute,
some of whose customs they have bor-
rowed. Unlike the other Pueblos (q. v.),
the men wear their hair in two long plaits
hanging at the sides, and high leggings of
deerskin. Their lands are well watered,
and their livelihood is gained chiefly
by agriculture and by hunting in the
adjacent timbered mountains.
Of the mythology of the tribe little has
as yet been recorded. The people assert
that when their ancestors first came to-
gether they spoke a number of languages,
but that the tongue of the Feather (Pfia)
clan finally prevailed, and this is the lan-
guage of the tribe to-day.
The following clans have been re-
corded by Mrs M. C. Stevenson, those with
an asterisk being extinct: Tocholimatia
(Golden Warbler), Talohlafia (Parrot
[Macaw?]), Chiu (Eagle), Toltu (Sun),
Ter-taitatana (Day people), Hahl (refer-
ring toasmall shell), Fialohla (Abalone),
Kangtong (Corn), Pachunona (White
Shell Bead), Ba (Water), Kang (Corn-
cob), Bachilto (Red Shell), Kahl (Wolf),
TAOS
[B. A: B.
Bahur (White Shell), Urhiaina (Green
Leaf), Chia (Stone Knife), Bahol( referring
toasmall animal), Turatu (Elk), Ba taina
tongterlana (‘‘ Water people far talking’’),
Nam (Earth), *Towha (Coyote), *Kaki
(Raven), *Pachotu (Rattlesnake), *Ton
(Tree bole, )*Poyo( Whippoorwill),*Chiyu
(Rat), *Towhayu (Fighting Coyote),
*Turwillana (referring to a cylindrical fos-
sil markedin rings). Inaddition the fol-
lowing have been noted by Hodge: Pfia
(Feather), Tu (House), Kua (Bear), Pian-
botinu (White Mountain), and Ahluhl (of
undetermined meaning). Pfiataikwah-
laonan, Kwahlaonan, and Hupfokwah-
laonan are said to be divisions of a single
clan. (F. W. H.)
YOUNG WOMAN OF TAOS
Braba.—Castafieda (1596) in 14th Rep. B. A. E.,
511, 525, 1896. Brada.—Castafieda misquoted by
Curtis, Children of the Sun, 121, 1888. t-Ta-i-
na-ma,—Miller, Pueblo of Taos, 34, 1898 (=*‘ wil-
low people’). Jaos.—Hinton, Handbook to Ariz.,
map, 1878 (misprint). Kého‘hlté.—Hodge, field
notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Jicarilla name). Red Wil-
low Indians.—Arny in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1871. 382,
1872. San Geronimo de los Tahos.—Vetancurt
BULL, 30]
(1696) in Teatro Mex., 11, 318, 1871. San Gero-
nimo de los Taos.—Benavides, Memorial, 37, 1630.
San Geronimo de Taos.—Ward in Ind. Aff. Rep.
1867, 213, 1868. San Geronymo de los Thaos.—Villa-
Sefior, Theatro Am., II, 410, 1748. Sant Miguel.—
Onate (1598) in Doe. Inéd., XVI, 257, 1871. S&S. Gero-
nimo de los Thaos.—Rivera, Diario, leg. 950, 1736.
8. Gerénimo Thaos.—Alcedo, Dic. Geog., v, 115,
1789, S. Hieronymo.—Blaeu, Atlas, XII, 61, 1667.
S. Jérome de los Taos.—Vaugondy, map Amérique,
1778. S. Jeronimo de Taos.—Jefferys, Am. Atlas,
map 5, 1776. S. Jeronimo de Toos.—Walch, Charte
America, 1805. St Hieronimo.—De l’Isle, carte
Mex. et Floride, 1703. St Jerome.—Kitchin, map
N. A., 1787. St Jeronimo.—Bowles, map Am., 1784.
Tacos.—Buschmann, Neu-Mexico, 230, 1858 (mis-
print). Tahos.—Zarate-Salmer6én (ca. 1629) quoted
by Bancroft, Nat. Races, 1, 600, 1882. Tai-ga-
tah.—_Jouvenceau in Cath. Pion., I, no. 9, 12,
1906. Taiina.—Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1899
(native name of aTaos man). Taiinamu.—Ibid.
(thetribe). Takhe.—Loew (1875) in WheelerSury.
Rep., vil, 345, 1879 (‘‘ Indian name’’), Tao,—Dis-
turnell, map Méjico, 1846. Taoros.—Blaeu, Atlas,
X11, 61, 1667. Taos.—Ofiate (1598) in Doe. Inéd.,
XVI, 109, 306, 1871. Taosans.—Poore in Donald-
son, Moqui Pueblo Inds., 101, 1893. Taosas.—
Gregg, Comm. Prairies, 1, 124, 1844. Taoses.—Rux-
ton, Adventures, 199, 1848. Taosij.—Sanson,
L’Amérique, map, 27, 1657. Taosis.—Blaeu,
Atlas, XII, 62, 1667. Taosites—Davis, El] Gringo,
811, 1857. Taosy.—Linschoten, Descr. de l’Amé-
rique, map 1, 1638. Ta-ui.—Bandelierin Revue
d’Ethn., 203, 1886 (the term from which the word
Taos was derived). Ta-uth.—Gatschet, Laguna
MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1879 (Laguna name).
Ta Wolh.—Curtis, Am. Ind., I, 138, 1907 (‘water
gurgles’: Navahoname). Taxé.—Powell in Am.
Nat., XIV, 605, Aug. 1880 (Taos name). Tay-
beron.—Onate (1598) in Doc. Inéd., XvI, 257, 1871
(province of Taos, or). Te-gat-ha.—Bandelier,
Gilded Man, 233, 1893. Tejas.—Garcés (1775-6),
Diary, 491, 1900 (probably identical). Tejos.—
Squier in Am. Rev., 522, Nov. 1848 (identified with
Taos). Te-uat-ha.—Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Pa-
pers, III, 123, 260, 1890 (aboriginal name of the
pueblo). Thaos.—Freytas, Pefialosa Rel. (1662),
42, 74,1882. Toas.—Gallatin in Nouy. Ann. Voy.,
5th s., XXVII, 304, 1851 (misprint). Tons.—Pike,
Exped., app. to pt. Il, 7, 9, 1810 (misprint).
Topoliana-kuin.—Cushing, inf’n, 1884 (‘place of
cottonwood trees’: Zuni name; kuin, locative).
Tous.—Arrowsmith, map N. A., 1795, ed. 1814.
Touse.—Garrard, Wahtoyah, 131, 1850. Téwih.—
Hodge, field notes, B, A. E., 1899 (Tewa name of
pueblo). Téwirnin.—Ibid. (Sandia name of pue-
blo). Tuas.—Mota-Padilla, Hist. Nueva Galicia,
515, 1742 (evidently identical). Tiata.—Hodge,
field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (native name of pue-
blo). Tuopa.—Ibid. (Picurisname). Tuwirat.—
Ibid. (Isleta name of pueblo). Uraba.—Jara-
millo (ca. 1542) in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 587, 1896.
Valladolid.—Castafieda (1596), ibid., 511, 1896 (so
called by Spaniards). Wee-ka-nahs.—Joseph in
1st Rep. B. A. E., 101,1881 (given as theirown tribal
name). Yaos.—Pike, Exped., map, 1810 (mis-
print). Ya‘hlahaimub’ahitilba. — Hodge, field
notes, B. A. E., 1899 (‘red-willow place’: another
native name). Yuldta.—Ibid., 1895 (Jemez and
Pecos name of pueblo). Yuraba.—Relacion del
Suceso (ca. 1542) in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 575, 1896.
Tapa (‘tortoise’). A Yuchi clan.
Tabta’.—Speck, Yuchi Inds., 70, 1909. T’dpa
taha.—Gatschet, Uchee MS., 71, B. A. E., 1885 (=
‘turtle gens’).
Tapa (‘deer head’). An Omaha gens
of the Inshtasanda division.
DeerHead.—Dorsey in 3d Rep. B. A. E., 245, 1885.
fo at. Ta-pa-taj-je-—Long, Exped. Rocky
ts., 1, 327, 1823.
Tapanash (Tapdnd’/sh). A small Sha-
haptian tribe, speaking the Tenino lan-
guage, formerly living on the n. bank of
Columbia r. in Klickitat co., Wash., a
little above Celilo. They are referred to
by Lewis and Clark as Eneeshur (q. v. ).—
Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 740, 1896.
TAPA—TAPOSA
691
Tapanissilac. A Chumashan village
formerly near Santa Inés mission, Santa
Barbara co., Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
Oct. 18, 1861.
Tapangue. A former Dieguefiorancheria
near San Diego, s. Cal.—Ortega (1775)
quoted by Bancroft, Hist. Cal., 1, 254, 1884.
Tapatwa (‘ailigator’). Given by Gat-
schet as a Yuchi clan, but probably no
such clan existed among this tribe.
Tapatwa taha.—Gatschet, Uchee MS., B. A. E., 70,
1885 (=‘alligator gens’).
Tape (Ta-pe’). A former village, pos-
sibly of the Yokuts (Mariposan), in San
Joaquin valley, B. of San Juan Bautista
mission, Cal.—Garcia (ca. 1812) cited by
Bancroft, Hist. Cal., 11, 338, 1886.
Tapeeksin. A band of Indians, prob-
ably Salish, mentioned in the treaty of
Medicine cr., Wash., 1854. Now either
extinct or known under another name.
T’Peeksin.—Treaty of 1854 in U.S. Ind. Treaties,
561, 1873. T’Peekskin.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 265, 1856.
Tapi (‘salt’). Given by Gatschet as a
Yuchi clan, but probably no such clan
existed among this tribe.
Tapi taha.—Gatschet, Uchee MS., B. A. E., 71,
1885 (='‘salt gens’).
Tapishlecha (‘spleen’). An Oglala
Sioux band, formerly called Shkopa
(‘bent’), the name having been changed
on account of a member having eaten
raw venison.
Skopa.—Robinson, letter to Dorsey, 1879. Split
Livers.—Ibid. Tapieletca.—Dorsey in 15th Rep.
B. A. E., 220, 1897. Tapisle¢éa.—Ibid.
Tapitsiama ( 7u-pit-si/-a-ma). A pueblo
of the Acoma people, which, according
to tradition, was inhabited in prehistoric
times during the southwestward migra-
tion of the tribe from the mythic Shipapu,
in the indefinite north. It was the fifth
pueblo traditionally occupied by this
tribe, and its ruins may still be traced on
a mesa 4 or 5 m. N. E. of their present
pueblo. (F. W. H.)
Tapkachmiut. A subdivision of the
Malemiut Eskimo whose chief village is
Taapkuk.
Tapkachmiut.—Woolfe in 11th Census, Alaska, 130,
1893. Tapkhakgmut,—Zagoskin, Descr. Russ. Poss.
Am.,I, 73,1847. Tup-kug-ameuts.—Hooper, Cruise
of Corwin, 26, 1880.
Tapo. A Chumashan village formerly
on the Noriega ranch of Simi, Ventura
co., Cal.
Ta-ap’-pu.—Henshaw, Buenaventura MS. vocab.,
B. A. E., 1884. Tapo.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
July 24, 1863.
Taposa. A tribe formerly living on
Yazoo r., Miss., of which little beyond
the name is known. Iberville heard
of them in 1699, when they were said to
be between the Ofogoula and the Chak-
chiuma, on Yazoor. Baudry des Loziéres
mentioned them in 1802, under the name
Tapouchas, as settled in a village with
Chakchiuma and Ibitoupa on upper
Yazoo r., and in fact they were really the
most northerly Yazoo tribe. They ap-
pear to have been one of the tribes con-
692
federated with the Chickasaw, and ac-
cording to Le Page du Pratz spoke the
same language. They occupied 25 cabins
in 1730. (A. 8. G.)
Tacoposcas,—Williams, Ter. Florida, 175, 1937.
Tacusas.—McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, 111,
80, 1854. Tapguchas.—Jefferys, Am. Atlas, map 7,
1776. Tapoosas.—Keane in Stanford, Compend.,
537, 1878. Taposa.—lIberville (1699) in Margry,
Décz., Iv, 180, 1880. Tapouchas.—Jefferys, Fr. Dom.
Am., 135, map, 1761. Tapousas.—Rafinesque in
Marshall, Ky., I, introd., 30, 1824. Tapousoas.—
Boudinot, Starin the West, 129, 1816. Tapoussas.—
Du Pratz, La., 11, 226, 1758. Tapowsas.—Du Pratz
misquoted by Schermerhorn (1812) in Mass. Hist.
Soe. Coll., 2d s., 11, 15, 1814.
Tapouaro. A division of the Illinois
confederacy in 1681.—La Salle (1681) in
Margry, Déc., 11, 201, 1877.
Tappan (of uncertain meaning). A
tribe or band of the Unami division of
the Delawares, formerly occupying the
w. bank of Hudson r. in Rockland co.,
N. Y., and Bergen co., N. J. They also
claimed land on Staten id.
Tapanses.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, VI, 116, 1857
(from Tappansee, the bay in Hudson r. named
by the Dutch from this tribe). Tappaan.—Deed
of 1657 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., XIv, 393, 1883.
Tappaanes.—De Laet, Nov. Orb., 72, 1633. Tap-
paen.—De Vries (1639) quoted by Ruttenber, Ind.
Geog. Names, 118, 1906. Tappans.—Map of 1614 in
N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist.,1, 1856. Tappen.—Lovelace
(1669) quoted by Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R.,
68, 1872. Tappensees.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes,
VI, 147, 1857 (from Tappansee). Tappents.—Was-
senaar (1632) quoted by Ruttenber, op. cit., 71.
Taqwayaum. A Ntlakyapamuk village
on Fraser r., Brit. Col., below North bend;
pop. 73 in 1901, when last reported.
Taqwayaum,—Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 1, 164, 1901.
Taltuyaum.—Ibid., 1893, 301, 1894. Tk-koéau’m.—
Hill-Tout in Rep. Ethnol. Sury. Can., 5, 1899.
Tkuayaum.—Can. Ind. Aff. 1892, 312, 1893. Tquay-
aum.—Ibid., 230, 1886. Tquayum.—Ibid., 277, 1894.
Tqwayaum.—lIbid., 1898, 418, 1899.
Taragones. Mentioned by Barcia (En-
sayo, 272, 1723) as a people in the region
of Texas where La Salle was killed.
Probably Caddo, though Barcia, by the
name he gives them, seems to connect
them with the Faraon Apache.
Taraha. A tribe or village mentioned
by Douay in 1687 as situated N. EB. of the
Quanoatino, which was really the Caddo
name of Red r. of Texas. This section
was within the territory of the southern
Caddoan group, to which the Taraha
may possibly have belonged.
Tarahumare (Hispanized form of the
native name Raldmari, of obscure mean-
ing, but probably signifying ‘foot-run-
ners.’—Lumholtz). A tribe of the Piman
family, occupying a territory extending
from about lat. 26° to 29°, between lon.
106° and 108° w., embracing the head-
waters of the principal streams of south-
ern Sonora and Chihuahua, particularly
the Rio Fuerte, in the Sierra Madre.
This area is regarded by them as the
middle of the world, the belief, similar
to that of the Pueblos, having a like
origin, no doubt, in their early migra-
tions from the n. and g. They are de-
TAPOUARO—TARAHUMARE
[B. A. B.
scribed as very primitive, for while they
readily accepted the teachings of the
Spanish missionaries, the number of bap-
tized in 1678 being given as 8,300, they
were not permanently affected by them,
as the Christianized portion of the tribe
are said to be rapidly relapsing into their
former aboriginal condition.
The Tarahumare men are vigorous, of
medium size, having a dark complexion,
a scanty beard, which is plucked as soon
as it appears, but long, thick, black hair,
which is sometimes twisted into a braid
and held in place by a woolen or palm-
leaf headband. They are probably the
finest runners of ail the Indian tribes.
They are said to be able to outstrip any
horse in a sufficiently long race, having
been known to cover more than 100 m.
ina day. In their foot races, in which
they kick a ball before them, good run-
ners make 40 m. in from 6 to 8 hours.
The women also have races in which a
wooden ball propelled by a forked stick,
or a ring of twisted fiber, kept in motion
by a long curved stick, is employed.
They formerly tattooed the forehead, lips,
and cheeksin various patterns. The prin-
cipal article of dress of the men isa blan-
ket of native weave, and a shirt belted
in, while the women cover the lower part
of the body with a woolen skirt only.
Sandals, and sometimes straw hats, are
worn. Woman holds a comparatively
high place in the family life. She is con-
sulted as to bargaining, but on the whole
is regarded as inferior to the man. The
Tarahumare generally live in hovels in
the barren mountains in summer and
in caves in winter. Although they are
not nomadic, they remove their domes-
tic animals according to the seasons and
plant corn in different localities. On
the highlands the settlements are more
permanent and there the best wooden
houses are found, and sometimes ranches
containing 5 or 6 families; but even in
the highlands a Tarahumare never lives
all his life in the same house, for, if an
occupant dies, the dwelling is razed. A
man sometimes moves his house away
because the site isa good one for plant-
ing corn, the earth having been enriched
by habitation.
They subsist mainly on corn, deer,
squirrels, iguanas, mice, and rats, hunt-
ing game with the bow and arrow, as
firearms are virtually unknown among
them. Fish are obtained in large quan-
tities by poisoning the streams, by shoot-
ing them with arrows tipped with cactus
spines, and by draining pools and captur-
ing the fish in the mud. Maize, beans,
chile, tobacco, and potatoes are culti-
vated in small garden patches formed
by rude stone walls constructed along
the mountain slopes to retain the soil
washed from the heights; they also raise
BULL. 30]
sheep and goats on a small scale, but do
not tame the turkey, the eagle, or other
birds or animals. Chinaca, a juicy spe-
cies of thistle, is highly relished, as are
also the berries of the madrofia, and the
secretion of a plant louse, which is
gathered, rolled into thick brown sticks,
and preserved for winter use. Hunting,
arrow making, tillage, and the manufac-
ture of rattles and rasping sticks used as
musical instruments are work of the men,
while the women prepare the food and
are the potters and weavers of the tribe.
Among other ceremonials the tribe has
planting and harvest dances, and on oc-
casions of thanksgiving they sacrifice
meat and an intoxicant prepared from
maize. They are said to worship a num-
ber of plants, among them being the
peyote, from which also is manufactured
an intoxicating drink. Mescal also is
made and drunk by them. In addition
to their celebrated foot races they have
games similar to our quoits and shinny;
knuckle-bones are used as dice. Their
greatest gambling game, known as quinze
(Span. “fifteen’), is played with 4 sticks
inscribed with their different values.
Their docile character contributed to
their reduction by the Spanish mission-
aries and settlers, notwithstanding their
large number, which even now reaches
30,000 and by some is estimated at 40,000.
Besides the Tarahumare proper, the tribe
includes the Varohio, Guazapar, Pachera,
and Tubare. (See Lumholtz, Unknown
Mex., 1902. )
The names of the settlements of the
Tarahumare proper almost invariably ter-
minate in the locative chik, or chiki,
shortened by the Mexicans to chi. They
are: Aboreachic, Achyarachki, Akachwa,
Akawiruchic, Aoreachic, Ariziochic, Ba-
caburiachic, Baqueachic, Baquiarichic,
Basaseachic, Basigochic, Bawiranachiki,
Bichechiec, Bocoyna, Cajurachic, Cari-
chic, Chahichic, Chalichiki, Chichivea-
chic, Chueachiki, Chugita, Chubuirari,
Chuyachic, Cocomorachic, Cusihuiria-
chic, Coyachic, Cusarare, Galilali, Gara-
bato, Guachochic, Guajochic, Guasi-
gochic, Guazarachic, Gueguachic, Gumi-
sachic, Humarisa, Igualali, Ippo, Iso-
guichic, Jicamorachic, Kawirasanachic,
Kichye, Kuchichic, Kuechic, Makawi-
chic, Mamorachic, Matachic, Mategarele,
Nakarori, Napuchic, Nararachic, Nayera-
chic, Nonoava, Norogachic, Ohuivo, Pa-
gaichic, Pahuirachic, Panalachic, Papa-
jichic, Papigochic, Rahasalali, Raiabo,
Rararachi, Rasanachic, Reechochic, Re-
keachic, Rekorichic, Rekuvirachi, Reku-
wichic, Relosoa, Rerawachic, Resochiki,
Retawichic, Richuchic, Rocheachic, Sa-
guarichic, Sapechichic, Saweachic, Te-
huerichic, Tejolocachic, Temechic, Temo-
sachic, Tepachic, Teporachic, Tomochie,
Tonachic, Trusiachic, Turasi, Uruachic,
TARAICHI—TARGHINAATUN
693
Vachinapuchic, Vaeachachic, Vahichic,
Vakasuachiki, Valebo, Vasoreachic, Vaw-
erachic, Vechaochic, Verachic, Vichara-
chic, Wiktosachki, Yoquibo.
In addition to these the pueblos of
Chinatu and Santa Ana contained both
Tarahumareand Tepehuane, while Huex-
otitlan, Maguina, Tosanachic, Tutuaca,
and Yepachic are inhabited by both
Tepehuane and Nevome. (¥. W. H.)
Lardmari.—Lumboltz, inf’n, 1894 (own name).
Tarahumara,—Orozco y Berra. Geog., 58, 1864.
Tarahumares.—Benavides, Memorial, 7, 1630.
Tarahumari.—Lumholtz in Mem. Int. Cong. An-
thr., 101, 1894. Taraumar.—Ribas, Hist. Trium.,
592, 1645. Taraumares.—Zapata (1678) in Doce.
Hist. Mex., 4ths., 111,334, 1857. Tarimari,—Audu-
bon (1849), Western Jour., 114, 1906. Taromari,—
Ibid., 118. Taruararas.—Hardy, Trav. in Mex.,
Eee 1829. Tharahumara,—Rivera, Diario, leg. 583,
1736.
Taraichi. A Pima settlement in x. So-
nora, Mexico, lat. 29° 20’, lon. 108° 30/,
not far from the Chihuahua frontier.
Pop. 96 in 1730, at which date it appears
to have been a sub-mission of Santa
Rosalia Onapa.
Angeles Taraichi.—Rivera (1780) cited by Ban-
croft, No. Mex. States, 1, 514, 1884.
Taraichi. A pueblo occupied by the
Hizo division of the Varohio, in Chinipas
valley, lat. 27° 30’, w. Chihuahua, Mexico.
It was the seat of the mission of Nuestra
Senora de Guadalupe.
Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de Voragios.—Orozco
y Berra, Geog., 324, 1864. Taraichi.—Ibid.
Tarapin. See Terrapin.
Tarbogan. See Toboggan.
Tarequano. An unidentified tribe repre-
sented in considerable numbers at the
Camargo mission, on the Rio Grande in
Mexico, between 1757 and 1800 (Cuervo,
Revista, 1757, MS. in Archivo Gen.;
Baptismal records in the church at Ca-
margo, cited by H. E. Bolton, inf’n,
1907).
Tareguano,—Cuervo, op. cit., 1757.
Tareque. A large village of straw
houses in 1541, apparently in the Qui-
vira region and probably occupied by
the Wichita, at that time living evidently
in E. Kansas.
Taracari.—Freytas, Pefialosa, 28,58, 1882 (given as
the chief city of Quivira). Tareque.—Coronado
1541) in Doe. Inéd., XIv, 327, 1870. Tuxeque.—
oronado (1541) in Smith, Colee. Doe. Fla., I, 153,
1857.
Tares. The ‘‘tribe’? among whom the
mission of Santa Clara, Cal., was founded
at a site called Thamien (Engelhardt,
France. in Cal., 324, 1897). The word is,
however, only the term for ‘man,’ not a
tribal name.
Targheliichetunne (‘people at the mouth
of asmallstream’). A former village of
the Tututni on the n. side of Rogue r.,
Oreg.
Ta-rxe/-li i-tce’ yanné’,—Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-
lore, 111, 233,1890. T’a-rxi’-li i-tcét’ yinné’,—Ibid.
(Naltunnetunne name).
Targhinaatun. A former village of the
aie on the Pacific coast n. of Crescent,
al.
694
Ta-rxi0’-‘a-a/-tiin,—Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore,
III, 236, 1890.
Targhutthotunne (‘people on the prairie
sloping gently to the river’). A former
Tututni village near the coast in Oregon.
T’a’-a-t’co’ yinné,—Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore,
Ill, 233, 1890 (Naltunnetunne name). Ta/-rxitt-
t’co yanné.—Ibid.
Tarhe (‘crane’). A noted Wyandot
chief of the Porcupine clan, born at De-
troit in 1742, died at Cranetown, near
Upper Sandusky, Wyandot co., Ohio, in
Noy. 1818. He was called Le Chef Grue,
or Monsieur Grue, by the French; the
English knew him as Crane. When in
his prime Tarhe was a lithe, wiry man,
capable of great endurance. He fought
at Point Pleasant on the Kanawha under
Cornstalk in 1774, and it is said that, of
the thirteen chiefs who participated in
the battle of Maumee Rapids, or Fallen
Timbers, in 1794, when the Indians met
with such disastrous defeat at the hands
of Wayne, Tarhe was the only one to es-
cape, and he was badly wounded in the
arm. Largely through his influence, and
in the face of great opposition, the treaty
of Greenville in 1795 was made possible,
and he ever after held its provisions in-
violate, even to opposing Tecumseh’s
war policy from 1808 until the War of
1812. He remained faithful to the Ameri-
can cause during this conflict, and, al-
though more than 70 years of age,
marched at the head of his warriors
through the whole of Gen. Harrison’s
campaign into Canada, and participated
in the battle of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813,
in which Tecumseh was slain. From the
close of the war until his death in 1818,
Tarhe became well known to the settlers
in central Ohio, ‘‘many of whom were
honored by his friendship and benefited
by his influence.’’ Harrison described
him in 1814 as a ‘‘ venerable, intelligent,
and upright man,’”’ and at another time,
while speaking highly of several impor-
tant chiefs with whom he had been largely
in contact, he designated Chief Crane as
the noblest of them all. He was chief
priest of his tribe, and as such was the
keeper of the calumet which bound the
tribes nN. of the Ohio in a confederation
for mutual benefit and protection. After
his death a mourning council was held at
Upper Sandusky, attended by represent-
atives of all the tribes of Ohio, the Del-
awares of Indiana, and the Seneca of
New York, among the noted chiefs
present being Red Jacket. The exact
place of his burialis unknown. See Tay-
lorin Ohio Arch. and Hist. Quar., rx, no.
1, 3, 1900.
Tarkepsi (Ttir-kép’-si). One of the
Chumashan yillages formerly near Santa
Inés mission, Santa Barbara co., Cal.—
Henshaw, Santa Inés MS. vocab., B. A.
E., 1884.
TARGHUTTHOTUNNE—TASCALUSA
{B. A. B.
Taronas-hadai (7’d/rd nas _ -shad’a’i,
‘copper house people’). Given by Boas
(5th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 27, 1889)
as the name ct a subdivision of the Yaku-
lanas, a Haida family of the Raven clan
in Alaska. It in reality refers only toa
house name, td’go naas, belonging to that
family. :
Tarpon. A name, variously spelled,
for a game-fish (Megalops atlanticus) of
the warmer waters of the Atlantic, and
which has extended to an East Indian
species. The name, which does not be-
long to any Indian language of the United
States, although the contrary has been
inferred, appears for the first time in
Ligon’s History of Barbadoes (1673), and
is well known in some of its forms in
Guiana and Central America. (Ww. R. G.)
Tarrypin. See Zerrapin.
Tarsia. A former settlement of E.
Greenland Eskimo of the southern
group.—Meddelelser om Grénland, xxv,
28, 1902.
Tarthem. A Salish band formerly under
Fraser superintendency, Brit. Col.—Can.
Ind. Aff., 79, 1878.
Tasagi’s Band. One of the two divisions
of the Wahpekute. They had a village
of 550 persons on Des Moines r. in 1836.
Tah sau gaa.—Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, 11, 612,
1853. Tasagi’s band.—Flandreau in Minn. Hist.
Soe. Coll., 111, 387, 1880.
Tasaning. An unidentified tribe, or
possibly a band, named aftera chief, that
sided with the English in the French and
Indian war.—Doc. of 1756 quoted by
Rupp, Northampton Co., 106, 1845.
Tasawiks (7ésawiks). A Paloos village
on the n. bank of Snake r., about 15 m.
above its mouth, ins. ©. Washington.—
Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 735, 1896.
Tascalusa. A powerful chief, appar-
ently of the ancient Alibamu tribe, who
commanded the Indians against the Span-
iards of De Soto’s army in the battle of
Mabila, Oct. 18, 1540, described by the
historian Bancroft as probably the great-
est Indian battle ever fought within the
United States. The name signifies ‘ Black
Warrior’, from Choctaw and Alibamu
taska ‘warrior,’ lusa ‘black.’ It occurs
also as Taszaluza, Tascaluca, Tastaluca,
and Tuscaluca, and is perpetuated in Black
Warrior r. and Tuscaloosa town, Ala.
He is described by the historians of the
expedition, at his first meeting with De
Soto, as very tall and strongly built,
symmetrical and handsome in appear-
ance, with an air of haughty dignity,
seated upon a raised platform with his
son beside him and his principal men
around, one of whom held erect a sort of
banner of deerskin curiously painted.
His head was covered witha turban in the
fashion of the Gulf tribes, and over his
shoulders was thrown a feather mantle
which reached to his feet. He looked
BULL. 30]
on with contempt at the equestrian exer-
cises with which the Spaniards strove to
impress him, and gave unwilling ear to
their demands for burden carriers and
provisions, but when threatened by De
Soto replied that he would send messen-
a ahead to his principal town of Ma-
iia to order all to be prepared. Instead
of this, however, he instructed the mes-
sengers to call in all the fighting men of
his tribe to Mabila, a stockaded town
apparently on lower Alabama r., to at-
tack the Spaniards. On the arrival of
the advance guard of the Spaniards they
unloaded their baggage in the public
square, the Indians being apparently
friendly and receiving them with a dance
of welcome; but while this was going on
some of the soldiers noticed them con-
cealing bundles of bows and arrows un-
der branches of trees, and on entering one
of the houses the upper platforms near
the roof were found filled with armed
warriors. De Soto, on being warned, at
once made preparations for defense and
sent for the chief, who refused to come.
An attempt to seize him precipitated the
battle, in which the Spaniards were at
first driven out of the town, followed by
the Indians, who had freed the Indian
burden carriers of the Spaniards from
their chains and given them bows and
arrows to use against the white men. In
the open country outside the town the
Spaniards were able to use their cavalry,
and although the Indians desperately
opposed their naked bodies, with bow
and arrow, to the swords, long lances, and
iron armor of the Spanish horsemen for
a whole day, the town was at last set on
fire and those who were not cut down
outside were driven back into the flames.
Men, women, and children fought, and
many deliberately committed suicide
when they saw that the day was lost. Of
about 580 Spaniards engaged some 20
were killed outright, and 150 wounded,
despite their horses and protective armor,
besides which they losta number of horses,
all their baggage, and some 200 pounds
of pearls. De Soto himself was wounded
and his nephew was among the killed.
The lowest estimate of the Indian loss
was 2,500 men, women, and children
killed. The fate of Tascalusa was never
known, but the body of his son was found
thrust through with a lance.
The synonymy following refers to the
tribe or district of which Tascalusa was
chief. (J. M.)
Tascalifa._Wytfliet, Descrip. Ptolem. Augmen-
tum, map, 1597. Tascaluca.—Gentl. of Elvas (1557)
in French, Hist.Coll. La., 11,153,1850. Tascalusa.—
Biedma (1544), ibid., 153. Tasculuza.—Coxe,
Carolana, 24, 1741. Tastaluga.—Gentleman of
Elvasin Span. Expl. of Southern U. S., 186, 1907.
Taszaluza.—Biedma in Smith, Colec. Doce. Fla., 1,
58, 1857. Trascaluza.—Vandera (1579), ibid., 19.
Tusca Loosa.— Woodward, Reminis., 78, 1859.
Tuscaluca.—Shipp. De Soto and Fla., 377, 1881.
TASETSI—TASKIGI
695
Tasetsi ( Tiist‘tst). A former Cherokee
settlement on the extreme head of Hi-
wassee r., in Towns co., Ga.
Tasé‘tsii—Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 531, 1900.
Tassetchie.—Doc. quoted by Mooney, ibid.
Tasha. The Wolf clan of the Caddo.—
Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 1093, 1896.
Tashkatze (Keresan: ‘place of pot-
sherds’). A former pueblo, probably
Keresan, opposite Cochiti, n. central N.
Mex. According to Bandelier the village
seems to have consisted of 3 rectangular
houses and a round tower, and the Tano
now of Santo Domingo disclaim its former
occupancy by their people.
Tash-gatze.—Ritch, New Mexico, 166, 1885 (men-
tioned asa Tewa or Tano pueblo). Tash-ka-tze,—
Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, Iv, 179, 1892.
Tashnahecha (‘gopher’). A modern
Oglala Sioux band.
Tacnahetca.—Dorsey (after Cleveland) in 15th
Rep. B. A. E., 220, 1897. Tasnaheéa.—Ibid.
Tashoshgon. A Koyuhkhotana village
of 30 people on Koyukuk r., Alaska.—
Zagoskin quoted by Petroff in 10th Census,
Alaska, 37, 1884.
Tashuanta. A former village on Trinity
r., Cal., above the mouth of South fork.
Not identified.
Tash-huan-ta.—Gibbs in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes,
III, 139, 1853. Tash-wau-ta.—McKee in Sen. Ex.
Doc. 4, 32d Cong., spec. sess., 194, 1853. Tscha-
wan-ta.—Meyer, Nach dem Sacramento, 282, 1855.
Wauch-ta.—Gibbs, MS., B. A. E., 1852.
Tashunkeota (‘many horses’). A band
of the Sihasapa under Crow Feather
(Kanghiwikaya), with 75 lodges in 1862.
Crow, Feather.—Sen. Ex. Doc. 90, 22d Cong., Ist
sess., 63, 1832 (given as if the name of two bands).
Crow feather band.—Culbertson in Smithson. Rep.
1850, 141,1851. Tashunkée-o-ta.—Hayden, Ethnog.
and Philol. Mo. Val., 375, 1862.
Tasikoyo (Ta-si/-ko-yo, from tasim
‘north,’ kéyo ‘valley,’ ‘flat’). A former
Beast village at Taylorsville, Plumas co.,
al.
Tasikoyo.—Dixon in Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XVII, map, 1905. To-si’-ko-yo.—Powers in Cont.
N. A. Ethnol., 111, 282, 1877. Ta’sikweyo.—Curtin,
MS., B. A. E., 1885.
Tasis. A winter village of the Nootka
at the head of Nootka sd., Brit. Col.
Tashees,—Jewitt, Narr.,101,1815. Tasis.—Galiano,
Relacion, 1382, 1802.
Tasiusak (‘similar toalake’). A Dan-
ish trading post and Eskimo settlement
in w. Greenland, lat. 73° 20’.-—Meddelel-
ser om Gronland, vir, map, 1889.
Tassiussak.—Science, XI, 259 1888. Tesseusak,—
Kane, Arct. Explor., 11, 25, 1856. Tessieusak,—
Kane, ibid., I, 426, 1856. Tessi-Usak,—Ibid., 11,
ot Tessiusak,—Hayes, Arct. Boat Journ., map,
1854.
Tasiusarsik. A village of the Angmag-
salingmiut Eskimo at the entrance of the
fjord of Angmagsalik, ©. Greenland, lat.
65° 40.7. Pop. 35 in 1884.—Meddelelser
om Groénland, 1x, 379, 1889.
Taskigi (Tu‘ski’gi, abbreviated from
Ta‘skigi’yt or Da‘skigi’yi). The name of
two former Cherokee towns: (1) on Little
Tennessee r., above the junction of the
Tellico, in Monroe co., Tenn.; (2) on the
n. bank of Tennessee r., just below Chat-
696
tanooga, Tenn.
Tlatek. A Chnagmiut Eskimo village
on the n. bank of Yukon r., Alaska, 35
m. above Andreatski.
Tlatek.—Baker, Geog. Dict. Alaska, 1902. Tlate-
kamat.—Post-route map, 1903. Tlatekamute.—
Raymond in Sen. Ex. Doe. 12,42d Cong., Ist sess.,
25, 1871 (referring to the inhabitants) ;
Tlathenkotin (‘people of the river that
trails through the grass’). A division of
the Tsilkotin living in Tlothenka village
on Chilkotin r., near Fraser r., Brit.
Col. Pop. 190 in 1892, besides 35 in the
independent village of Stella.
T’|a-then-Koh'-tin.—Morice in Trans. Can. Inst.,
IV, 23, 1893. :
Tlatlasikoala (za’zasiqgoala, ‘those on
the ocean’). A Kwakiutl tribe which
formerly lived at the Nn. r. end of Van-
conver id., but later moved to Hope id.
Its gentes, according to Boas, are Gyig-
yilkam, Lalauilela, and Gyeksem. This
tribe and the Nakomgilisala are known to
the whites collectively as the Nawiti (q.
v.). Within recent years they have al-
ways lived together. In 1906 their com-
bined population was 69. (J.R.8.)
Klatolseaquilla.—Brit. Col. map, 1872. | La’Lasi-
qoala.—Boas in Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1895, 329, 1897.
La/Lasiqwala.—Boasin Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Vv, pt 1, 350, 1905. Tlatlashekwillo.—Tolmie and
Dawson, Voeabs. Brit. Col., 118B, 1884. Tlatla-She-
quilla.—Scouler (1846) in Jour. Ethnol. Soe. Lond.,
I, 233, 1848. Tlatlasik-oa’/la.—Boas in 6th Rep. N.
W. Tribes Can., 53, 1890. Tlatlasiqoala.—Boas in
Petermanns Mitteil., pt. 5, 131, 1887. Tla-tli-si-
kwila.—Dawson in Trans. Roy. Soe. Can., sec.
Il, 65, 1887. Tsatsaquits.—Brit. Col. map, 1872.
Tlatlelamin (zLaxveld/min, ‘the support-
ers’). Agensof the Nimkish,a Kwakiutl
tribe.—Boas in Rep. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1895,
331, 1897. ;
Tlatskanai. An Athapascan tribe that
formerly owned the prairies bordering
Chehalis r., Wash., atthe mouth of Skook-
umchuck r., but, on the failure of game,
left the country, crossed the Columbia,
and occupied the mountains on Clatskanie
r., Columbia co., Oreg. (Gibbs in Cont.
N. A. Ethnol., 1,171, 1877). ‘‘This tribe
was, at the first settlement of the Hud-
son’s Bay Company in Oregon, so warlike
and formidable that the company’s men
dared not pass their possessions along the
river in less numbers than 60 armed men,
and then often at considerable loss of life
and always at great hazard. TheIndians
were in the habit of exacting tribute from
all the neighboring tribes who passed in
the river, and disputed the right of any
' TLASHGENEMAKI—TLEGULAK
763
persons to pass them except upon these
conditions’’ (Dart in Ex. Doe. 39, 32d
Cong., Ist sess., 6, 1852). In 1851 the
tribe was rednced to3 men and 5 women,
and since then has become extinct.
A‘latskné-i.—Gatschet, Kalapuya MS,, B. A. E.,
72. Athlaysni.—Ibid. (Kalapuya name). Clacks-
star.—Lewis (1806) in Orig. Jour. Lewis and
Clark, Iv, 213, 1905. Clack-star.—Lewis and Clark
Exped., 11, 226, 1814, Clackster.—Clark (1806) in
Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, Iv, 217, 1905. Clak-
star.—Am. Pioneer, 1, 408, 1842. Claskanio.—Lee
and Frost, Oregon, 99, 1844. Class-can-eye-ah.—
Ross, Fur Hunters, 1, 198, 1855. Clatacamin.—
Schoooleraft, Ind. Tribes, v1, 686, 1857. Clat-sa-
eanin.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 161, 1850. Clatsaconin.—
Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, v1, 701, 1857. Clatstoni.—
Wyman in Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., rv, 84, 1854.
Claxtar.—Lewis and Clark Exped., 11, 212, 1814.
Clax-ter.—Clark (1805) in Orig. Jour. Lewis and
Clark, II, 295, 1905. Clockstar.—Morse, Rep. to
Sec. War, 371, 1822. Klatscanai.—Thwaites in
Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, Iv, 218, 1905. Klats-
kanai.—Gibbs quoted by Dall in Cont. N. A. Eth-
nol., I, 241, 1877. Klatskania.—Pres. Mess., Ex.
Doe. 39, 32d Cong., Ist sess., 2, 1852. Klats-ka-
nuise.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1857, 354, 1858. Klatstonis.—
Townsend, Nar.,175,1839. Tlascani.—Gallatin in
Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 11, 401, 1853. Tlas-
kanai.—Keane in Stanford, Compend., 439, 1878.
Tlatscanai.—Thwaites in Orig. Jour. Lewis and
Clark, Iv. 218, 1905. Tlatskanai.—Hale, Ethnog.
and Philol., 204, 1846. Tlatskanie—Ibid., 198.
Tlauitsis (Lau’itsis, ‘angry people’). A
Kwakiutl tribe on Cracroft id., Brit. Col.,
but which formerly lived on Hardy bay.
Their gentes, according to Boas, are Sisin-
tlae, Nunemasekalis, Tletlket, and Gyi-
gyilkam. In 1885 their town was Kalo-
kwis, on the w. end of Turnour id. Pop.
67 in 1901, 102 in 1908.
Claw-et-sus.—Kane, Wand. in N. A., app., 1859.
Clowetoos.—Brit. Col. map, 1872. Clow et sus.—
Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, vy, 488, 1855. Kea-wit-
sis.—Can. Ind. Aff.,362,1895. Klah-wit-sis.—Ibid.,
145, 1879. Kla-wit-sis—Dawson in Trans. Roy.
Soe. Can., sec. IT, 65,1887. Kla-wi-tsush.—Tolmie
and Dawson, Vocabs. Brit. Col.,118B, 1884. Klowit-
shis.—Ibid. Lau’itsis.—Boas in Rep. U. S. Nat.
Mus. 1895, 330, 1897. Tlau’itsis—Boas in 6th Rep.
N. W. Tribes Can., 54, 1890. Tlauitsis—Boas in
Bull. Am. Geog. Soe , 229, 1887 (misprint).
Tlayacma.—A former village connected
with San Francisco Solano mission, Cal.—
Bancroft, Hist. Cal., 1, 506, 1886.
Tlduldjitamai (zd4/ldji tamd’-i, ‘Moun-
tain-woman’s children’). A subdivision
of the Djiguaahl-lanas, a great Haida
family of the Eagle clan. It has long
been extinct.—Swanton, Cont. Haida,
273, 1905.
Tleatlum (Tle’atlum). A Squawmish
village community on Burrard inlet,
Brit. Col.—Hill-Tout in Rep. Brit. A. A.
S., 475, 1900.
Tlegonkhotana. A division of the Kai-
yuhkhotana living on Tlegon r., Alaska,
consisting of the villages Innoka, Tlego-
shitno, and Talitui.
Thljegonchotana.—Zagoskin, Reise, 324,1849| Tle-
gon Khotana.—Petroff, Alaska, 37, 1884.
Tlegoshitno, A Kaiyuhkhotana village
on Shageluk r., Alaska.
Tlégogitno.—Zagoskin in Nouy Ann. Voy., 5th
S., XXI, Map, 1850. _Tlegoshitno. —Petroff, Rep. on
Alaska, 37, 1884. Tlegozhitno.—Zagoskin, Descr.
Russ. Poss. Am., map, 1842.
Tlegulak (‘buoys.’—Boas). A former
764
Chinookan village 2m. below Rainier, on
the s. side of Columbia r., Oreg.
Lgu’/laq.—Boas, Kathlamet Texts, 182, 1901.
Tlekem (1é/q’ Em). gens of the
Walas Kwakiutl, a sept of the true
Kwakiutl.—Boas in Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus.
1895, 330, 1897.
Tlelding. Aformer Athapascan village
on Trinity r., just below the mouth of
South fork, Cal. Its inhabitants spoke
the language of the Hupa, from whom
they differed in no respect except slightly
in religion and in their political rela-
tions. Just above this village, which is
now deserted, are the pits of many houses
marking the site of a settlement which
the natives believe to have been occupied
by the Kihunai before the coming of
Indians. The largest pit is pointed out
as the location of Yimantuwingyai’s
house when he was chief of the immortal
Kihunai at Tlelding. The Southfork
Indians, as they are commonly called,
came into violent conflict with military
forces in the fifties and were removed to
Hupa valley at the establishment of the
reservation. The few surviving families
now liveneartheirold home. (P.£.G.)
A-hel-tah.—Gibbs in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 111,
139, 1853. Kailtas.—Powers in Overland Mo., Ix,
162, 1872. Kel’-ta.—Powersin Cont. N. A. Ethnol.,
111, 89,1877. Khilél/-ta.—Ibid. Leldin.—Goddard,
Lifeand Culture of the Hupa, 7, 1908. Ta-hail-la.—
McKee in Sen. Ex. Doe. 4, 832d Cong., spec. sess.,
194, 1853. Ta-hail-taa—Meyer, Nach dem Sacra-
mento, 282, 1855,
Tlenedi. The principal social group
among the Auk tribe of Alaska. It be-
longs to the Raven phratry.
Llene’di.—Swanton, field notes, B. A. E., 1904.
tlénédi.— Krause, Tlinkit Ind., 116, 1885,
Tlesko. A Tleskotin village on Chilco-
tin r. near its junction with Fraser r.,
Brit Col.—Morice in Trans. Roy. Soc.
Can., sec. 11, 109, map, 1892.
Tleskotin (‘people of the Splint river’ ).
A division of the Tsilkotin living in the
village of Tlesko (q. v.); pop. 75 in 1892.
Tyas-Koh’-tin.—Morice, Notes on W. Dénés, 23,
1893
oO.
Tletlket (zé/zqét, ‘having a_ great
name’). A gens of the Walas Kwakiutl
and another of the Tlauitsis.
Lé/Lqét.—Boas in Rep. U.S, Nat. Mus. 1895, 330,
1897. Lé/Lgéte.—Ibid. Tleqeéti—Boas in Peter-
manns Mitteil., pt. 5, 131, 1887.
Tigunghung (zg4/ixan, ‘face of the
ground’ [?]). A Haida town of the Djigua-
ahl-lanas family, formerly on the n. side
of Lyell id., Queen Charlotte ids., Brit.
Col.—Swanton, Cont. Haida, 278, 1905.
Tlhingus (z/zinas, ‘flat slope’). Cayis?.—Latham, ibid. =Cayuse.—
Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 166, 1877 (Cayuse and
Moléle); Gatschet in Beach, Ind. Miscel., 442,
1877. =Waiilatpuan.—Powellin7th Rep. B. A.E.,
127, 1891.
Waikenmuk (said to mean ‘people up
north,’ or ‘what is down north’). A
Wintun tribe formerly living on upper
Trinity r., Trinity co., Cal., their terri-
tory extending to Scott mtn.
Wai’-ken-mok.—Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 11,
230, 1877. Wi Kain Mocs.—Powers in Overland
Mo., XII, 531, 1874.
Waikosel (interpreted ‘in the north,’
and ‘on the plains’). A Wintun or Pat-
win village formerly in Cortina valley,
Colusa co., Cal.
Wai’-ko-sel.—Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 11,
219, 1877. Wicosels.—Powersin Overland Mo., x11,
543, 1874.
Wailaki ( Wintun: ‘northern language’ ).
An Athapascan tribe or group of many
villages formerly on the main Eel r. and
its N. fork from Kekawaka cr. to within
a few miles of Round valley, Cal. After
some fighting with the whites they were
placed on Round valley res., where a
few of them still reside. Their houses
were circular. They had no canoes, but
crossed streams by weighting themselves
down with stones while they waded.
They lived by the river during the wet
months of the year, when their chief oc-
cupation was fishing, done at especially
favorable places by means of nets and
spears. The summer and fall months
were spent on the sides and tops of the
ridges, where the women were able to
gather the bulbs, seeds, and nuts, and the
men could unite in deer drives and other
methods of hunting. They usually buried
894
their dead, but burned those who fell in
battle. They took the whole heads of
their enemies as trophies, with which
they were accustomed to dance. Like
the Yuki the women have their noses and
cheeks as well as their chins tattooed.
Coyote holds the principal place in their
mythology, where he is represented as
acting under the direction of his father.
. He secured for men daylight and the
heavenly bodies, and fire which he suc-
ceeded in stealing from their guardians.
He established the fishing places, and or-
dained social and other customs. An
adolescent ceremony was held for the
girls, and most of the boys were trained
with the candidates for medicine-men,
who were restricted as to their food, drink,
and sleep for many days. This training
took place in the fall under the direction
of two or more old shamans. Public ex-
hibitions, consisting in part of dancing,
were given by the candidates. Large
conical dance houses were erected occa-
sionally, and dedicated with ceremonies
of dancing and singing; such were im-
portant occasions of mingled social and
religious character. (P. E.G.)
Kak’-wits, —Powersin Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 11, 124,
1877 (‘northern people’: Yuki name). Kas’-tel-
Po-mo.—Ibid., 147. Tlackees. —Taylor in Cal.
Farmer, Sept. 5, 1862. Uye-Lackes.—Stevenson
in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1856, 251, 1857. Wailakki.—
Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., m1, 114, 1877.
Wi Lackees.—Powers in Overland Mo., 1x, 499,
1872. Wilacki.—Keane in Stanford, Compenda., 465,
1878. Wi Tackees.—Powers in Overland Mo., 1x,
306, 1872. WiTackee-Yukas.—Ibid. Wrylackers.—
Maltby in Ind. Aff. Rep., 91,1866. Wye-Lackees.—
Geiger in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1859, 488, 1860. Wyla-
chies.—Maltby in Ind. Aff. Rep., 112, 1865. y-
lackies.—Hanson in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1863, 93, 1864.
Wylaks.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, June 8, 1860.
Yilackas.—Taylor, ibid., June 22, 1860.
Wailaksel (‘in the north’). A Patwin
tribe that formerly lived on Middle
Cache er., Colusa co., Cal. .
Weelacksels.—Powers in Overland Mo., x11t, 543,
1874. Wi-lak-sel.—Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol.,
III, 219, 1877.
Waisha ( Wa/-isha). A former Modoc
camping place on Lost r., 3 or 4m. N. w.
of Tule lake, and near the hills that culmi-
nate in Laki peak, s. w. Oreg.—Gatschet
inCont. N. A. Ethnol., 11, pt. 1, xx xii, 1890.
Waisuskuck. A Potawatomi village,
named from a chief, in N. 5. Illinois in
1832.—Tippecanoe treaty (1832) in U. S.
Ind. Treat., 698, 1873.
Waitlas. A village of the Goasila at
the mouth of Samo r., Smith inlet, Brit.
Col.
Oi-cle-la.—Kane, Wand. in N. A., app., 1859,
Wycless.—Boas in Bull. Am. Geog. Soe., 226, 1887,
Waitus. A Siuslaw village on Siuslaw
r., Oreg.
Wai’-yus.—Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 111, 230,
1890.
Waiushr. The Duck clan of San Felipe
pueblo, N. Mex.
Waiushr-hano.—Hodge in Am. Anthr.,
1896 (hano=‘ people’).
Ix, 350,
W AILAKSEL—WAKASHAN
FAMILY [B. A. B.
Wakan (cf. Wakonda)..
or band, now extinct.
‘Wa-ka»’.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 239, 1897,
Wa-keeh’.—Morgan, Ane. Soc., 156, 1877.
Wakan. An Oglala Sioux band.
Wakay.— Dorsey (after Cleveland) in 15th Rep.
B. A. E., 220, 1897. Waka».—Ibid.
Wakan, A Hane Sioux band.
Devil’s medicine man band.—Culbertson in Smith-
son. Rep. 1850, 141, 1851. "Waka".—Dorsey in 15th
Rep. B. A. E., 221,1897.. Wakay.—Ibid.
Wakan. An Oto gens or band.
‘Wa’-ka.—Morgan, Anc. Soc., 156, 1877. Wa-ka»/.—
Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 240, 1897.
Wakanasisi ( Wa’k Janasi/ si). A locality
on the n. side of Columbia r., Wash.,
nearly opposite the mouth of the Wil:
lamette; also the name of the Chinook-
an tribe, strictly called Galakanasisi
(Ga/ulak!anasisi, ‘those of the wood-
pecker’), formerly living at that point
and in its vicinity. Before moving to
this place they lived at Lakstak, on the
s. side of the Columbia, a little below
Nakoaik, and were then called Gatqstax
(Boas). About 1840 their chief was
Kiesno, whose name is sometimes given
to their main village. After the epidemic
of 1829 the Wakanasisi were greatly re-
duced in numbers and included the rem-
nants of several neighboring tribes. In
1849 they numbered fewer than 100, and
are now extinct. (L. F.)
Awakandashish.—Gatschet, Kalapuya MS., B. A.
E., 31, 1877 (Kalapuya name). Ga’L lak!ana-
sisi. —Boas, inf’fn, 1905 (‘those of the wood-
pecker’). Gatqstax. —Boas, inf’n, 1905. Guathla-’
kanashishi.—Gatschet, Kalapuya MS., B. A. E.,
1877. Kiesno’s village. —Tolmie in Trans. Oreg.
Pion. Ass’n, 32, 1884. Lamyeixat.—Ibid. (Kala-
puya name). ‘Waccanessisi.—Gatschet in Mag.
Am. Hist., I, 167, 1877. Wakanasceces.—Lane in
Senate Ex. Doc. 52, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 174, 1850.
‘Wa-kan-a-shee-shee. —Lyman in Oreg. Hist. Soc.
Quar., I, 323, 1900. Wakanashishi.—Gatschet, MS.,
B.A. E., 1877 (Clackama name). Wakanasisse.—
Gibbs, ‘MS. no. 248, B.A.E. Wakanasissi—Tol-
mie in Trans. Oreg. Pion. Ass’n, 32, 1884.
Wakanda. See Wakonda.
Wakanikikarachada (‘they call them-
selves after a snake’). A Winnebago
gens.
Wa-ka i-ki’-ka-ra’/-tca-da.—Dorsey in 15th Rep.
B. A. E., 240, 1897. Wa-kon/-né.—Morgan, Anc.
Soc., 157, 1877.
Wakantaenikashika (‘those who became
human beings by the aid of a thunder-
being’). A Quapaw gens.
Thunder-being gens.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E.,
229, 1897. Wakan’3a e/nikaci’ ya.—lIbid.
Wakasassa (‘where there are many
cattle’). AformerSeminole town located
by Bell on the &. side of the mouth of
Suwannee r., Levy co., Fla., but more
probably on the stream of the same name.
The people came originally from Coosa r.,
Ala., under the ‘‘prophets’?’ McQueen
and Francis. A small stream and bay s.
An Iowa gens
_of Suwannee r. retain the name.
Waw-ka-sau-su.—Bell in Morse, Rep. to Sec. War,
306, 1822.
Wakashan Family. A linguistic family
occupying the w. coast of British Colum-
BULL. 30]
bia between lat. 54° and 502 30’, the n. and
w. partsof Vancouverid., and the extreme
N. w. corner of Washington, nearly to
lat. 48° n. The name is derived from
waukash, ‘good,’ which Cook heard at
Friendly cove, Nootka sd., and supposed
to be the name of a tribe. The culture
of these people is almost identical with
that of the coast Salish to the s. and
E. of them, and with that of the Tsim-
shian, Haida, and Tlingit in the n.
In physical characteristics they rather
approach the coast Salish, and their
language conforms in type most closely
with that of the Salish and Chimakuan.
Juan de Fuca probably reached the
coast of British Columbia and was the
first white man to see the lands of the
Wakashan. If Fuentes be not an imagi-
nary person, nor his voyage a fable, he
sailed in 1640 through the archipelago
where the Wakashan live. Ensign Juan
Perez is believed to have anchored in
Nootkasd. in1774. Inthe following year
Bodega and Maurelle passed along the
Wakashan coast on their way s. In 1786
English vessels under Capts. Hanna, Port-
lock, and Dixon called at this coast, and
from that time visits of British and Ameri-
can trading vessels were constant, Nootka
in particular being much frequented.
Between 1792 and 1794 Capt. George Van-
couver visited the country. In 1803 the
Boston, of Boston Mass., was destroyed
by the people of Nootka, and all on board
except two persons were killed. From
the account of one of these, John R. Jew-
itt, we have important information re-
garding the tribes of the w. coast of Van-
couver id. The Hudson’s Bay Co. estab-
lished a post at Victoria in 1843, and
from that time relations with the natives
became more intimate. Since then the
native population has pretty steadily de-
clined. Mission stations have been estab-
lished at many points with considerable
success in the n., but half of the southern
Kwakiutl still hold to their ancient cus-
toms and beliefs. Most of the Nootka
have been converted by Roman Catholic
missionaries. Wakashan dwellings were
large structures of huge cedar beams and
‘planks, and stood in a row fronting the
sea. Each accommodated several fami-
lies which had separate fires. The canoe
was one of the essentials of existence on
-these shores, where there were no better
seamen than the tribes of the w. coast of
Vancouver id. These and a few of the
neighboring tribes in Washington were
the only people who pursued and killed
the whale, others being content to wait
until the animals drifted ashore dead.
For the rest of their diet they depended
mainly upon fish, but they also hunted
land and sea animals and collected shell-
fish, roots, and berries, each family owning
WAKASHAN FAMILY
895
its own fishing grounds and salmon creeks,
which it guarded jealously. Although
good carvers of wood, they were excelled
in this respect by the Haida and Tlingit.
The northern tribes, the Heiltsuk Kwa-
kiutl, reckoned descent in the female l'ne;
but the southern tribes, though in a tran-
sitional state, are rather to be reckoned
in thepaternalstage. Intertribal warfare
was constant and slavery an institution.
Head flattening was practised consider-
ably by the tribes of Vancouver id. The
potlatch was one of the cardinal institu-
tions, and around it centered a large part
of the social and religious interests of the
people. Owing mainly to smallpox and
vices, the number of Wakashan has fallen
off steadily since their first contact with
whites. In 190$ there were enumerated
in the Dominion of Canada 4,150, to which
are to be added 434 Makah in Washington;
total, 4,584. Ofthese 2,090 were Kwakiutl
and 2,494 Nootka. (J, Rg. )
>Wakash.—Gallatin in Trans. Am. Antiq, Soc.,
11, 15, 306, 1836 (of Nootka Sound; gives Jewitt’s vo-
cab.); Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc., 11, pt.
1, 77, 1848 (based on Newittee); Berghaus (1851),
Physik. Atlas, map 17, 1852; Gallatin in School-
eraft, Ind. Tribes, III, 402, 1858 (includes Newit-
tee and Nootka Sound) ; Latham in Trans. Philol.
Soe. Lond., 73, 1856 (of Quadra and Vancouver's
id.); Latham, Opuscula, 340, 1860; Latham, El.
Comp. Philol., 403, 1862 (Tlaoquatsh and Wakash
proper; Nutka and congeners also referred here),
XWakash.—Latham, Nat. Hist. Man., 301, 1850
(includes Naspatle, proper Nutkans, Tlaoquatsh,
Nittenat, Klasset, Klallems; the last named {fs
Salishan). =Wakashan.—Powell in 7th Rep. B.
A.E., 128, 1891. Nootka-Columbian.—Scouler in
Jour. Roy. Geog. Soc., XI, 221, 1841 (includes Qua-
dra and Vancouver id., Haeeltzuk, Billechoola,
Tlaoquatch, Kawitchen, Noosdalum, Squallya-
mish, Cheenooks); Prichard, Phys. Hist. Man-
kind, v, 435, 1847 (follows Scouler); Latham in
Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., I, 162, 1848 (remarks on
Scouler’s group of thisname); Latham, Opuscula,
257, 1860 (the same). Nutka.—Buschmann,
Neu-Mexico, 329, 1858. >Nootka.—Gatschet in
Mag. Am. Hist., 170, 1877 (mentions only Makah,
and Classet tribes of Cape Flattery); Gatschet
in Beach, Ind. Misc., 446, 1877. xXNootkahs.—
Keane in Stanford, Compend., Cent. and So.
Am., 473, 1878 (includes Muchlahts, Nitinahts,
Ohyahts, Manosahts, and Quoquoulths of present
family, together with anumber of Salishan tribes).
XNootka.—Bancroft, Nat. Races, 111, 564, 608, 1882
(a heterogeneous group, largely Salishan, with
Wakashan, Skittagetan, and other families repre-
sented). >Straits of Fuca.—Gallatin in Trans.
Am. Antiq. Soc., 11,134, 306, 1886 (vocabulary of,
referred here with doubt; considered distinct by
Gallatin). XSouthern.—Scouler in Jour. Roy.
Geog. Soc., XI, 224, 1841 (same as his Nootka-Col-
umbian above). XInsular.—Scouler, ibid. (same
as his Nootka-Columbian above). XHaeltzuk.—
Latham in Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., I, 155, 1848
* (cites Tolmie’s voecab.; spoken from 50° 30’ to 53°
30’); Latham, Opuscula, 251, 1860 (the same).
_ >Haeeltsuk and Hailtsa.—Latham, Nat. Hist.Man.,
300, 1850 (includes Hyshalla, Hyhysh, Esleytuk,
Weekenoch, Nalatsenoch, Quagheuil, Tlatla-She-
quilla, Lequeeltoch). >Hailtsa.— Latham in
Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond., 72, 1856; Buschmann,
Neu-Mexico, 322, 1858; Latham, Opuscula, 339, 1860;
Latham, El]. Comp. Philol., 401, 1862 (includes coast
dialects between Hawkesbury id., Broughton’s
archipelago, and northern part of Vancouverid.,).
>Ha eelb zuk.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 487,
896
1855; Kane, Wand. in N. A.,app., 1859 (or Balla-
bola; a census of N.W. tribes classified by lan-
guage). >Ha-ilt/-zukh.—Dall, after Gibbs, in
Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 1, 144, 1877 (vocabularies of
Bel-bella of Milbank sd. and of Kwakittl’).
Aht.—Sproat, Savage Life,
app.. 312, 1868 (name suggested for family in-
stead of Nootka-Columbian); Tolmie and Daw-
son, Comp. Vocabs., 50, 1884 (vocab. of Kaiook-
waht). Puget Sound Group.—Keane in Stan-
ford, Compend., Cent. and So. Am., 460, 474, 1878.
Hydahs.—K eane, ibid., 473 (includes Hailtzas of
the present family). >Kwakiool.—Tolmie and
Dawson, Comp. Vocabs., 27-48, 1884 (vocabs. of
Haishilla, Hailtzuk, Kwiha, Likwiltoh septs: also
map showing family domain). >Kwa’kiut].—
Boas in Petermanns Mitteil., 130, 1887 (general
account of family, with list of tribes).
Wakatomica. Thenameoftwo Shawnee
towns in Ohio about the Revolutionary
period, one being possibly the successor
and continuation of the other. (1) One,
apparently the earlier, was one of a group
of two or more towns, occupied chiefly by
Shawnee, situated on the Muskingum, be-
low the junction of the Walhonding and
below the present Coshocton, Coshocton
co. It was visited by the missionary
Zeisberger in 1772 and with another of
the group was destroyed by the Ameri-
cans under Col. McDonald in 1774 and
not thereafter rebuilt, the Shawnee re-
moving to the Scioto and the Miami.
(2) The other of the same name, possibly
built by refugees from the first, was
situated, according to former agent John-
ston, on the headwaters of Mad r., just
below the present Zanesfield in Logan
co., within the Greenville treaty cession
of 1795. It was sometimes known also
as the Upper Shawnee village, because it
was the highest of those on the waters of
the Miami. (J. M.)
Waccotomica.—Connelley in Heckewelder, Narr-
(1820), Connelley repr., 241, note, 1907. Wacha-
tawmaha.—Bouquet (1764) in Rupp, W. Penn.,
app., 155, 1846. Wachatomakak.—Connelley in
Heckewelder, op. cit., 241, note. Wagetomica.—
Ibid. Waghatamagy.—Bouquet (1764) in Rupp,
op. cit., 157. Waghhatawmaky,—Ibid., 155. Wa-
katamake.—Smith, Bouquet Exped., 16, 1766.
Wakatameki.—Heckewelder, op. cit., 245. Waka-
tomaca.—Connelley in Heckewelder, op. cit., 253,
note. Wakatomica.— Butterfield, Washington-
Irvine Corr., 5, 1882. Wakautamike.—Smith, op.
cit.,18. Waketameki.—Heckewelder, op. cit., 241.
Waketummakie.—McKee (1774) in Rupp, W. Penn.,
app., 211, 1846. Wakitamiki.—Connelleyin Hecke-
welder, op. cit., 241, note. Wankatamikee.—La
Tour map, 1784 (misprint). _Wapatomaca.—Con-
nelley in Heckewelder, op. cit., 253, note. Wapa-
tomica.—Butterfield, op. cit.,332. Wappatomica,—
Howe, Hist. Coll. Ohio, 150, 1851. Waughcoto-
moco.—Connelley in Heckewelder, op. cit., 241.
Waukatamike.—Smith, Bouquet Exped., 67, 1766.
Waukataumikee.—Hutchins, map, ibid. Wauka-
tomike.—Ibid.
Wakchekhiikikarachada (‘they call
themselves after a water monster’). A
Winnebago gens.
Wahk-cha-he-da.—Morgan, Anc. Soc., 157, 1877.
Wa-ktce’-qi i-ki/-ka-ra/-tca-da.—Dorsey in 15th
Rep. B.A.E., 241, 1897.
Wakemap (Wa’q/zmap). A former
WAKATOMICA—WAKOKAYI
[B. A. B.
village of the, Tlakluit on Columbia r.,
Wash. (E. 8.)
Wakeshi ( Wake-shi’, ‘fox’). A gens
of the Potawatomi.—Morgan, Ane. Soc.,
167, 1877.
Wakhakukdhin (‘those among the
cacti’). A band of Pahatsi Osage men-
tioned by De Smet as forming a village
with a population of 500 on Neosho r.,
Ind. T., in 1850.
Wagqdynk¢ir.—Dorsey, Osage MS. vocab., B. A.
E., 1883. Weichaka-Ougrin.—Smet, West. Miss. , 255,
1856.
Wakhkel. A Yurok village on Kla-
math r., N. w. Cal., about 4 m. above
its mouth.
Wakhker. A Yurok village on Kla-
math r. just below Wakhtek and adja-
cent to it, at Klamath P. O., n. w. Cal.
Wakhna (‘snorts’). A band ‘of the
Brulé Teton Sioux.
Walna.—Dorsey, after Cleveland, in 15th Rep. B.
A. E., 219, 1897. Wagna.—Ibid.
Wakhshek. A Yurok village on lower
Klamath r., 3m. below Weitchpec, n. w.
Cal. Not to be confounded with a place
called Wa’shoi, 7 or 8 m. downstream.
Wah-sherr.—Gibbs (1851) in Schoolcraft, Ind.
Tribes, 111, 138, 1853. Wah-sii—MecKee (1851) in
Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d Cong., spec. sess., 194, 1853.
Wakhshek.—A. L. Kroeber, inf’n, 1907. Wich-
sis—McKee, op. cit., 215. Wi-uh-sis.—Meyer,
Nach dem Sacramento, 282, 1856.
Wakhtek. A Yurok yillage on lower
Klamath r., at Klamath P. O., x. w. Cal.
Wakhtek.—A. L. Kroeber. inf’n, 1907. Wauh-
tecq.—Gibbs (1851) in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes,
III, 188, 1853.
Wakichi. A former Mariposan (Yo-
kuts) tribe of California which spoke a
dialect that indicates closest relationship
with the valley half of the northern group
of Yokuts.—Kroeber in Uniy. Cal. Pub.,
Am. Arch. and Eth., 1, 260, 1907. -
Wakmuhaoin (‘pumpkin-rind = ear-
ring’). A Yankton Sioux band.
Wakmuha oiy.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 217,
1897 Wakmuha-oi".—Ibid.
Wakoawissojik ( Wikoshiwisochig’, ‘they
of the fox name.’—W. J.). The Fox
gens of the Sauk and Foxes.
Ouagoussak.—Jes. Rel. 1672, lviii, 40, 1899. Wa-
gushagi.—Wm. Jones, inf’n, 1906. "Wa-ko-a-wis’-
so-jik.—Morgan, Anc. Soc., 170, 1877. Wakosha-
wisotcigi—Wim. Jones, inf’n, 1907. ;
Wakokayi (‘blue-heron breeding
place’). Two former Upper Creek towns:
one on Hatchet cr., Coosa co., Ala., the
other on lower Coosa r., below Wetump-
ka, Elmore co., Ala.
Blow-horn Nest.—Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., I,
149, 1884.- Vaccay.—Vaugondy, map Amérique,
1778 (on upper Coosa r., Ala.). Wacacoys.—Swan
(1791) in Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 262, 1855.
Waccay.—Jefferys, French Dom., I, 134, map,
1761. “Waccocoie.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, Iv,
380, 1854. Wackakoy.—Finnelson (1792) in Am.
State Papers, Ind. Aff., I, 289, 1832. Wiccakaw.—
Bartram, Trav., 462, 1791. "Woc-co-coie.—Hawkins
(1799), Sketch, 43, 1848. Wocke Coys.—Weather-
ford (1793) in Am. State Papers, op. cit., 385.
Wokukay.—Alcedo, Dic. Geog., v, 344, 1789. Wol-
kukay.—Bartram, Voy., I, map, 1799.
Wakokayi. A town of the Creek Na-
tion, Okla.
Wakoka-i.—Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., 11, 186,
1888. Wakokayi.—Ibid.
BULL. 30]
Wakonda ( Wa-kon’-da). A term em-
ployed by the Omaha, Ponca, Osage,
Quapaw, Kansa, Oto, Missouri, and Iowa
tribes of the Siouan family when the
ower believed to animate all natural
orms is spoken to or spoken of in suppli-
cations or rituals. The dialects of the
first five tribes are closely related; the
Omahaand Ponca speak practically alike;
the Osage, Quapaw, and Kansa differ
somewhat from the former in pronuncia-
tion, while the Oto, Missouri, and lowa
have so far changed their speech as to be
unintelligible to the others. The word
wakonda, spelled wakayda by Riggs in
his Dakota Dictionary, is given by him
as a verb signifying ‘to reckon as holy
or sacred, to worship’; the noun is
wakay, and is defined as ‘a spirit, some-
thing consecrated.’ The same authority
gives the meaning of wakay, as an ad-
jective, as ‘spiritual, sacred, consecrated,
wonderful, incomprehensible, mysteri-
ous.’ Thesamegeneral meaning thatruns
through the Dakota words wakayda and
wakay inheres in the word wakonda as
used by the Omaha and their cognates;
with the latter the word may be regarded
as an appellative, for while it is the name
given to the mysterious all-pervading
and life-giving power to which certain
anthropomorphic aspects are attributed,
the word is also applied to objects or
phenomena regarded as sacred or mys-
terious. These two uses of the word are
never confused in the minds of the
thoughtful. When during his fast the
Omaha sings, ‘‘ Wakonda, here needy he
stands, and I am he!’’ his address is to
“‘the power that moves,’’ ‘‘causes to
move,’’ that is, gives life; for the ability
to move is to the Omaha mind synony-
mous with life. In this prayer the
Omaha is not crying to those forces or
forms speken of as wakonda in songs that
relate to objects seen in dreams or to sym-
bols of magic. This distinction is some-
times difficult for one of another race to
follow, but that there is a distinction to
the native mind is not to be doubted.
The wakay taynka, the great wakay or
spirit of the Dakota, is not quite the same
as that which the Omaha means by
wakonda. The term ‘great’ in wakay
tayka implies a comparison, and such an
idea does not seem to belong to wakonda,
for wakoynda stands by itself, unlike any
other, and represents a concept that
seems to be born of the Indian’s point of
view toward nature and natural phenom-
ena, including man himself. To the
Omaha nothing is without life: the rock
lives, so do the cloud, the tree, the ani-
mal. He projects his own consciousness
upon all things, and ascribes to them ex-
periences and characteristics with which
he is familiar; there is to him something
3456—Bull. 30, pt 2—07 57
WAKONDA
897
in common between all creatures and all
natural forms, a something which brings
them into existence and holds them in-
tact; this something he conceives of as
akin to his own conscious being. The
pane which thus brings to pass and
olds all things in their living form he
designates as wakoyda. That he anthro-
pomorphizes this power is evident from
his supplication, made with fasting and
symbols of humility, by which he seeks
to awaken pity or compassion, human
attributes, as ‘‘here needy he stands,”’
and thus expects to win some kind of
recognition. He is taught that when he
fasts and prays he must not ask for any
special favor or gift; that which he is
able to receive will be given him. This
teaching throws a side-light on his con-
cept of wakoynda, showing that it implies
intelligence as well as power; but the
concept seems to be vague, and ideas dis-
solve into indefiniteness in the ‘‘mys-
terious,’”’? the ‘‘incomprehensible’’ at-
mosphere that surrounds the unseen
power denominated wakonda.
That there is a creative aspect to wa-
konda is made clear from the use of the
word wakoydagi: giis the sign of posses-
sion, therefore the phenomena termed
wakondagi evince something belonging to
or of the power denominated wakonda.
For example, when a child is first able to
walk, this new manifestation of ability to
moveaboutiscalled wakoydagi; butshould
a person, fromsickness or other disability,
lose the power to walk, but recover it,
the act of resumption would not be called
wakoyndagi. The first speech of the child
is the manifestation of a new power, and
is wakondagi. Wakonda is invisible, and
therefore allied to the idea of spirit.
Objects seen in dreams or visions par-
take of the idea or nature of spirit, and
when these objects speak to man in an-
swer to his entreaty, the act is possible
because of the power of wakoyda, and the
object, be it thunder-cloud, animal, or
bird, seen and heard by the dreamer,
may be spoken of by him as a wakonda,
but he does not mean that they are wa-
konda. The association in which the
term wakonda is used determines the
character of its meaning. Wakonda, the
power addressed during the fast as: hav-
ing power to help the one standing ‘‘ in
need,’’ is not the same wakoyda as the
thunder that speaks toa man in a dream is
sometimes called; yet there is a relation
between the two, not unlike that signified
by the term wakoydagi when applied to
the first manifestation of an ability; for
all power, whether shown in the thunder-
storm, the hurricane, the animals, or
man, is of wakonda. Whatever is mys-
terious and beyond ordinary experience
or effort approaches the realm of the con-
898
cept which the word wakonda signifies to
the Omaha and his cognates.
Wakoyda is difficult to define, for exact
terms change it from its native uncrys-
tallized condition to something foreign to
aboriginal thought. Vague as the con-
cept seems to be to one of another race,
to the Indian it isas real and as mysterious
as the starry night or the flush of the com-
ing day. See Totem. (A. c. F.)
Wakouingouechiwek. An Algonquian
tribe or band living on a river about 60
leagues s. of Hudson bay and 150 leagues
N. w. of Three Rivers, Quebec. They
were probably a part of the Mistassin liv-
ing on Marten r.
K8ak8ak8chiouets.—Jes. Rel., LX, 244, 1900. K8a-
K8chi8ets.—Jes. Rel., LX11I, 248, 1900. Kowakoui-
kotiesiouek.—Jes. Rel. 1672, 54,1858. Kouakouikoue-
siwek.—Jes. Rel., Lx x1, 60,1901. Kwakwakou-
chiouets.—Ibid., Lx, 245. Ouakouingouechiouek.—
Jes. Rel. 1658, 20, 1858. Oukouingouechiouek.—Ibid.
Wakpaatonwan (‘village on the river’).
A Wahpeton Sioux band.
Wahkpetonwap-héa.—S. R. Riggs, letter to Dorsey,
1882 (trans. ‘real Wahpeton’). Wakpa-atonwan.—
Ashley quoted by Dorsey in 15th Rep. B.A.E.,
216, 1897. Wakpa-ato>wat.—Ibid. Wakpaton.—
Ashley, letter to Dorsey, 1886. Watpaton.—Ibid.
Wakpaatonwedan (‘those who dwell on
the creek’). One of the two early divi-
sions of the Mdewakanton Sioux. They
had their villageon Rice er., Minn. (Neill,
Hist. Minn., 144, note, 1858). The Mde-
wakanton as described by Le Sueur (1689)
seem to have been composed of this divi-
sion alone. In 1858 it comprised the fol-
lowing bands: Kiyuksa, Ohanhanska,
Tacanhpisapa, Anoginajin, Tintaotonwe,
and Oyateshicha.
Wakpokinyan (‘flies along the creek’).
A Miniconjou Sioux band.
River that flies.—Culbertson in Smithson. Rep.
1850, 142, 1851. Wak-po’-ki-an.—Hayden, Ethnog.
and Philol. Mo. Val., 375, 1862. Wakpokinya.—
Swift, letter to Dorsey, 1884. Wakpokinyan.—
Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 220, 1897. Wakpo-
kinyan,—Ibid.
Waksachi. A Shoshonean tribe on the
Kaweah r. drainage, extending into the
mountains, ins. central California. They
lived above the Wikchamni and below
the Badwisha. Merriam (Science, x1x,
916, 1904) classes them as a ‘‘Paiute”’
tribe in Eshom valley, n. of Kaweah r.,
where the remnant of the tribe appears
now to reside.
Wack-sa-che.—Barbour (1852) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4,
32d Cong., spec. sess., 255, 1853. Wakesdachi.—
Kroeber in Uniy. Cal. Pub., Am. Archeol. and
Ethnol., Iv, 121, 1907 (Yokuts pl. of alent
Waksachi.—Ibid. Wasakshes.—Taylor in Cal.
Farmer, June 8, 1860. Wik’-sach-i.—Powers in
Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 111, 370, 1877. _Wock-soche.—
Johnston in Sen. Ex. Doc. 61, 32d Cong., 1st sess.,
23,1852. Wok-sach-e.—Wessells (1853) in H. R.
Ex. Doc. 76, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 32, 1857. Wuk-
aia Rl in Science, x1x, 916, June 17,
4,
Waktonila (‘the band that kills no peo-
ple’). An unidentified Sioux band.
Wak-to-ni-la.—Hayden, Ethnog. and Philol. Mo.
Val., 376, 1862,
WAKOUINGOUECHIWEK—-WALAM OLUM
[B. A. E.
Walakpa (Wé/likpa). A summer vil-
lage of the Utkiavinmiut Eskimo in n.
Alaska.—Murdoch in 9th Rep. B. A. E.,
83, 1892.
Walakumni. A division of the Miwok
between the Cosumne and Mokelumne
rs., Cal. This name was probably Waka-
lumni, another form of Mokelumne.
Walacumnies.—Bancroft, Nat. Races, I, 450, 1874. -
Sealaperaner Heke: Ethnog. and Philol., vi, 630,
Walalsimni. A band formerly fre-
quenting the Stanislaus and Tuolumne rs.
in central California. It probably be-
longed to the Moquelumnan family.
Walalshimni,—A. L. Kroeber, inf’n, 1907 (so called
by people to the s. of the territory mentioned).
Walalsimni. —Ibid. Wal-lal-sim-ne. — Wessells
see H.R. Ex. Doc. 76, 34th Cong., 3d sess.,
Walam Olum. The sacred tribal chron-
icle of the Lenape or Delawares. The
name signifies ‘painted tally’ or ‘red
score,’ from walam, ‘painted,’ particu-
larly ‘red painted,’ and olum, ‘ascore or
tally.? The Walam Olum was first pub-
lished in 1836 in a work entitled ‘‘The
American Nations,’’ by Constantine Sam-
uel Rafinesque, an erratic French scholar,
who spent a number of years in this coun-
try, dying in Philadelphia in 1840. He
asserted that it was a translation of a
manuscript in the Delaware language,
which was an interpretation ofan ancient
sacred metrical legend of the tribe, re-
corded in pictographs cut upon wood,
which had been obtained in 1820 by a
Dr Ward from the Delawares then liy-
ing in Indiana. He claimed that the
original pictograph record had first been
obtained, but without explanation, until
two years later, when the accompanying
songs were procured in the Lenape lan-
guage from another individual, these be-
ing then translated by himself with the
aid of various dictionaries. Although
considerable doubt was cast at the time
upon the alleged Indian record, Brinton,
after a critical investigation, arrived at
the conclusion that it was a genuine native
production, and itis now known that sim-
ilar ritual records upon wood or birch-
bark are common to several cognate
tribes, notably the Chippewa.
After thedeath of Rafinesque his manu-
scripts were scattered, those of the Walam
Olum finally coming into the hands of
Squier, who again brought the legend to
public attention in a paper read before the
New York Historical Society in 1848,
which was published in the American —
Review of Feb. 1849, reprinted by Beach
in his Indian Miscellany in 1877, and again
in a later (15th) edition of Drake’s Abo-
riginal Races of North America. All of
rhese reprints were more or less inaccu-
tate and incomplete, and it remained for
Brinton to publish the complete pictog-
raphy, text, and tradition, with notes and
BULL. 30]
critical investigation of the whole sub-
ject, with the aid of native Lenape schol-
ars, in ‘‘The Lendpé and their Legends,
with the complete text and symbols of
the Walam Olum,” as No. 5 of his li-
brary of Aboriginal American Literature,
Phila., 1885.
After sifting the evidence as to its au-
thenticity, Brinton concludes (p. 158):
“Tt is a genuine native production, which
was repeated orally to some one indiffer-
ently conversant with the Delaware lan-
guage, who wrote it down to the best of his
ability. In its present form it can, as a
whole, lay no claim either to antiquity or
to purity oflinguisticform. Yet,asanau-
thentic modern version, slightly colored
by European teachings, of the ancient
tribal traditions, it is well worth preser-
vation and will repay more study in the
future than is given it in this volume.
The narrator was probably one of the na-
tive chiefs or priests, who had spent his
life in the Ohio and Indiana towns of
the Lenape, and who, though with some
knowledge of Christian instruction, pre-
ferred the pagan rites, legends, and myths
of his ancestors. Probably certain lines
and passages were repeated in the archaic
form in which they had been handed down
for generations.’’ (J. M.)
Walapai ( Xawdlapdiy2, ‘pine tree
folk.’—Harrington). A Yuman tribe
WALAPAI MAN
originally living on middle Colorado r.,
above the Mohave tribe, from the great
bend eastward, well into the interior
WALAPAT
899
of Arizona, occupying Hualapai, Yava-
C) ‘ i 1 8
pai, and Sacramento valleys, the Cerbat
and Aquarius mts. forming the south-
ern part of their range. They lived
WALAPAI WOMAN
chiefly by the chase and on roots and
seeds. They are said to have been brave
and enterprising, but physically inferior
to the Mohave. The Havasupai, who are
an offshoot, speak a closely-related lan-
guage. The Walapai numbered 728 in
1889, 651 in 1897, and 498 in 1910. They
are under the administration of a school
superintendent on the Walapai res. of
730,880 acres in nN. w. Arizona, and are
making little progress in civilization.
They cultivated only 57 acres during 1904,
but owned 2,000 horses. Thename Santa
Margarita was applied by the Spaniards
to one of their rancherias.
E-pa.—A. Hrdliéka, inf’n, 1906 (given as their own
name). Gualliba.—Garcés (1776), Diary, 404, 1900
(Yavapai name). Gualliva.—Ibid., 444 (men-
tioned distinctly from ‘‘Jaguallepai,’’ but evi-
dently the same). Hawdlapai,—Curtis, N. Am.
Ind., I, 116, 1908 (‘pinery people’: Yuma name;
Hawalpdi is the Mohave form, ibid., p. 114).
Hah-wal-coes.—Whipple, Exp. San Diego to Colo-
rado R., 17, 1851. Haulapais.—White, MS. Hist.
Apaches, B. A. E., 1875. Hawalpai.—Curtis, N.
Am. Ind., 11, 118, 1908 (‘pinery people’: Maricopa
name). Ha-wol-la Pai.—Ewing in Great Divide,
203, Dec. 1892 (trans. ‘mountain people’). Ho-
allo-pi.-Thomas, MS., B. A. E., 1868. Huaepais.—
Ind. Aff. Rep. 1863, 387, 1864. Hualapais.—Ind.
Aff. Rep. ,128,1865. Hualipais.—Ibid.,1867, 395, 1868.
Huallapais.—Terry in Rep. Sec. War, pt. I, 46,
1868-69. Huallopi.i—Thomas, MS., B. A. E., 1868.
Hualopais. —Ind. Aff. Rep., 1864, 156, 1865, Hual-
paich.—_ Whipple, Pac. R. R. Rep., U1, pt. 3 16,
900
1856 (Yuma name). MHualpais.—Ind. Aff. Rep
1863,390, 1864. Hualpas.—U.S Stat., XxX111,377, 1885.
Hulapais.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1867, 381, 1868. Hwala-
pai.—Ibid., 246,1877. Jaguallapai.—Garcés (1776),
Diary, 308,1900. Jagullapai.—Garcés (1775-76), mis-
quoted by Orozco y Berra, Geog., 41,1864. Jaguya-
pay.—Escudero, Not. Estad. de Chihuahua, 228,
1834. Jallaguapais.—Garcés,op cit.,309. Jaquala-
pai.—F ont, map (1777), in Bancroft, Ariz. and N.
Mex., 393, 1889. Jaquallapai.—Gareés (1775-76),
quoted by Bancroft, ibid., 394. Matavéké-Paya.—
Corbusier, MS., B. A. E., 27, 1873-75 (‘people to the
north’ [?]: Yavapai name). Oohp.—ten Kate,
Reizen, 160, 1885 (Pima name). Oop.—Ibid. (al-
ternative form). Pa yuddo 4méti—Gatschet in
Zeitschr, f. Ethnol., 86, 1886 (‘people far down
river’: Yavapai name). Seta K6éyninime.—ten
Kate, Synonymie, 7, 1884 (Hopi name). Tab-
képaya.—Gatschet, Yuma-Sprachstamm, I, 124,
1877 (Yavapainame; abbr. from Matavéké paya).
Tiqui-Llapais.—Domenech, Deserts N. A., I, 444,
1860. Walapai kwe.—ten Kate, Synonymie, 7,
1884 (Zui name; kwe=‘people’). Walapais.—
Bell in Jour Ethnol. Soe. Lond., 1, 243, 1869.
Wal-la-pais.—Powell in Secribner’s Mag., 213, Dec.
1875, Walyepai.—Kroeber in Univ. Cal. Pub., Iv,
107, 1907 (Chemehuevi name). Xawalyapdy.—
Harrington in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, x x1, 324, 1908
(‘pine-tree folk’: own name).
Walas (Wd/las, ‘the great ones’). A
gens of the Nakoaktok and of the Mamale-
lekala Kwakiutl tribes.—Boas in Rep.
U.S. Nat. Mus. 1895, 329, 1897.
Walas Kwakiutl (‘the great Kwakiutl’ ).
A sept of the true Kwakiutl, comprising
the Tsentsenkaio, Gyekem, Waulipoe,
Tlekem, and Tletlkete gentes. Pop. 30 in
1889, the last time they were enumerated
separately.
La’kuilila.—Boas in Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1895, 330,
1897 (‘the tramps’: a nickname). Lock-qua-
lillas.—Lord, Natur. in Brit. Col., I, 165, 1866.
Wa/las Kwa-kiutl.—Boas, op. cit., 330. Walis-kwa-
ki-ool.— Dawson in Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., sec. 1,
65, 1887. Waw-lis-knahkewlth.—Can. Ind. Aff.,
189, 1884. Waw-lis-knahk-newith.—Ibid., 1889, 270,
1890.
Walasnomogois. An ancestor of a Kwa-
kiutl gens whose name was sometimes
given to the gens itself.—Boas in Peter-
manns Mitteil., pt. 5, 131, 1887.
Waleghaunwohan (‘boil food with the
paunch skin’).
same shell (evi-
dently the po-
quathock); they were polished as smooth
as glass, and were strung through holes
drilled through their centers; the purple
or dark-colored beads were more yalu-
able than the white, bringing among
the Indian traders 18 pence per yard,
while the white brought only 9 pence;
and that these Indians made of these
shell beads pipes (probably tubular ob-
jects), 2 or 3 in. long and ‘‘thicker
than ordinary, which are much more
valuable;’”’ that they also made rwntees
of the same shell, grinding them smooth
as the beads of the peak, ‘‘the strung
beads,’’ and that these runtees were
either large like an oval bead, drilled
through the length of the oval, or they
were flat and circular, nearly an inch
inwidth and 4 in. thick, and were drilled
edgewise. The peak, the runtees, and the
‘‘pipes,’’ he continues, were used for cor-
onets, bracelets, belts, or else the shell
beads were made into long strings to hang
down before the breast, to lace up their
garments, or to adorn their tomahawks
(Arter LaFitau)
BULL. 30]
and other weapons and implements;
lastly, he adds, that these Indians made
another kind of beads, of less value than
’ the other, from the cockle shell, which
was broken into small fragments, which
were left with rough edges, and drilled
through in the same manner as the other
shell beads forming the peak; these rough-
edged ‘‘beads’’ were called roenoke (the
ronoak of Lawson), and they were used
in the same manner as the peak or
strung beads.
To the Iroquois and to many other In-
dians white as a color was auspicious, and
its use in ritual and ceremony therefore
indicated peace, health, welfare, and pros-
perity—ideas expressed by white wam-
pum when ceremonially employed; on
the contrary, black as a color was inaus-
picious, and its use therefore indicated
hostility, sorrow, death, condolence, and
mourning—ideas expressed by dark or
purple wampum when ceremonially em-
ployed; nevertheless the dark or purple
variety of wampum was commercially
much more valuable than the white kind,
and the darker its shade the more valu-
able it was. Commonly the ratio was as
one to two. In commercial transactions
Wampum was used strung or unstrung.
In trade it was usually exchanged by
count when loose, by the string, or by
the fathom. The fathom was a count.
Williams (Key, chap. xiv) says that
pitickquat was the native name for 10
sixpence, or 60 pence, and that this was
called nquittémpeg, that is, ‘one fathom,’
5 shillings. Soa fathom wasa count of
beads, the number of which was deter-
mined by the number legally current for
apenny. Williams said that 6 white and
3 black beads were current for a penny;
therefore at this ratio 360 white and
180 black beads constituted a fathom.
A large portion of the white shell beads
was consumed in the manufacture of va-
rious articles of personal adornment and
in the embroidery of various articles
of raiment for both men and women.
For use in public affairs and in official
communications, in ritualistic and fiducial
transactions, wampum was wrought into
two well-known products—strings, often
tied into bundles or sheaves of strings,
and belts or scarfs or sashes. The first
variety was made originally by stringing
the wampum beads on small strands of
skin or sinew, and later on astrong thread
or on several threads twisted together;
these strings of shell beads were called
“branches”? by French writers gener-
ally, probably including the bunches or
sheaves. In making these strings of
beads it was possible, by using all white,
all purple, or by a combination of the two
colors in definite proportions, regulated
by the color symbolism of the people, to
WAMPUM
907
convey mnemonically a variety or a dif-
ference of ideas, indicated by the propor-
tion, the sequence of the two colors, and
the figures or outlines portrayed by them
on the strand or string; for example, there
might be one white bead and then one
purple bead alternately on the strand, or
a white bead and then two purple beads
alternately, or there might be two or more
white beads followed by two or more
purple beads alternately on the strand;
or the strand might be composed one half
of white and the other half of purple
beads; or one half of the string of beads
might be arranged in one way and the
other half in another. Thus it was pos-
sible by these simple devices to indicate
by means of the two available colors a
number of combinations, differing one
from another sufficiently to convey a
number of ideas without much chance
for confusion. The white strings tinged
red by vermilion or some other red color
were used asa challenge or declaration of
war, or as an invitation to friends to join
ina war. For these reasons some strings
of beads consisted wholly of white beads,
while others were composed entirely of
purple or dark beads. A string composed
entirely of dark beads is the ofticial string
THE PENN TREATY BELT
of beads by which one of the Iroquois
tribes notifies its brother and cousin tribes
of the death of one or more of its chiefs.
White strings were commonly employed
in matters of ordinary routine, requiring
only some degree of formality, or merely
as preliminary exhibits to others of more
and deeper import. The second kind of
shell-bead product was the more or less
broad sash, scarf, or belt, on which the
white and the purple beads, first suitably
proportioned on strings, were fastened to-
gether by small strands of sinew or skin
in such manner as to form a neat and dur-
able fabric. By suitable combinations of
the two colors dominant in the beads va-
rious symbolic figures and devices were
neatly and deftly wrought into the body
of the belt orscarf. Sometimes the fabric
took the form ofasymbolicsun. But the
breadth and length of the belt or sash,
and the proportions of the white and the
purple beads composing it, were naturally
determined by the nature and importance
of the occasion for its use. According to
Lafitau (1724), a very good authority, the
usual size of a belt in his time was 11
strands of 180 beads each, or about 1,980
wampum beads. There are references to
belts composed of 6,000 and 7,000 beads,
908
and proportionately long. Some belts
were employed to convey a double mes-
sage—that is, one half to one person and
the other half to another, or two messages
to one person or people.
The chiefs and the elders of the people
were accustomed to assemble to rehearse
the matters mnemonically connected
with the several wampum strings, sheaves
of strings, and belts in their keeping. In
complex and important affairs, certain of
these annalists were charged with re-
membering only a particular portion of
the record, while to others were entrusted
other portions, thereby rendering it the
more easy to remember the details of the
entire matter without forgetting any
material circumstance. To aid these
annalists and others they devised the
complex and varied forms of wampum
strands, sheaves, and belts already noted.
Belts were used for various purposes,
as the ratification of treaties, the con-
firmation of alliances, and the authentica-
tion of proposals made by one people to
another.
In addition to packs of skins and furs,
the public treasure of a people, such as
the tribes of the Iroquois league, con-
sisted largely of wampum, together with
thestrands, bunches, or sheaves of strings
or strands, and the belts, scarfs, or sashes
made from it, as above described. Not
having the use of writing of any kind,
the Indians, naturally apt to forget events
and occurrences happening among them,
devised the variety of uses for wampum
and its products.
In addition to the descriptive names or
merely denotive designations of wampum
and the things made from it, a number
of terms of political import were applied
to these wampum strings and belts by
the Iroquoian tribes, which indicate the
importance attached to these several
objects. By all these tribes the term
kand’ ‘sd, ‘a braid or plaited object,’ was
applied to strings of wampum of what-
ever nature. The Mohawk applied the
term gaion’n? to the belt of wampum,
while the Onondaga and the Seneca use
kas‘hwewt@. Figuratively, and perhaps
ceremonially, these people apply the fol-
lowing names to wampum employed
officially and formally: kari/‘hwda@ (gai’-
‘hwa’, dialectic variant), ‘the business,
the affair, or the authentic credential’;
gaweéen’nd@, ‘the voice, the word, or the
proposition,’ because every proposal of a
public nature, as an edict, required for
its authentication a belt or a string of
wampum according to its importance and
to the exigency of the case; and kdian-
ever’ ‘sera (gdianen’ ‘sd’, a dialectic va-
riant), ‘welfare,’ ‘the commonwealth,’
‘justice,’ here ‘the law.’ For wampum
the Mohawk have the name oneko’r‘ha’,
WAMPUM
[B. A. B.
which by strict dialectic changesof sounds
(n=t, and the dropping of r) becomes
otko’’@, which is the Onondaga and the
Seneca name for it.
The Dutch about New York (Man-
hattan) applied the Algonquian term
sewan (also written sewant, sewared, zee-
wand, etc.), ‘scattered or loose (beads) ,’
to all shell beads, in the same manner
that the English called all peage, or strung
beads, wampum, ‘white.’ The Dutch
applied the name Sewan hacky, ‘Wam-
pum land,’ to Long Island, perhaps in
imitation of the natives, for it was noted
for its abundance of shells suited to shell-
bead making. In New England mow-
hackees, ‘black beads,’ was used.
As early as 1640, in New England and
especially in New Netherland, there was
much trouble and discontent owing to
the manufacture of counterfeit and un-
finished wampum. It was complained
that payments were made in nothing but
rough, unpolished stuff, while the good,
polished beads, commonly called ‘‘Man-
hattan wampum,’’ was exported, con-
cealed, or at least not to be had at all.
Many ordinances of the Director and
Council of New Netherland were passed
in more or less successful attempts to
remedy this growing evil. The following
citation from such an ordinance, passed
May 30, 1650, shows to what an alarming
extent wampum was counterfeited:
‘‘Whereas, we have by experience, and
for a long time seen the decline and daily
depreciation of the loose wampum among
which are circulating many with holes
and half finished; also some of stone,
bone, glass? muscle-shells, horn, yea, even
of wood and broken beads, together with
the manifold complaints of the inhabit-
ants that they cannot go to market with
such wampum, nor obtain any commodi-
ties, not even a small loaf of white bread
or pot of beer from the traders, bakers,
or tapsters for loose wampum. ... in
order hereby to prevent the further im-
portation of all lump and unperforated
wampum, so as in future to obviate all
misunderstanding, the Hon’ble Director
and Council aforesaid, do ordain that the
commercial shall pass and be good pay as
heretofore, to wit, six white or three
black for one stiver; on the contrary,
poor strung wampum shall pass eight
white and four black for one stiver [sti-
ver=one penny ].”’
On the Pacific coast, according to Pow-
ers, Gibbs, and other writers, immense
quantities of shell money or beads were
in circulation, the value of which fluctu-
ated greatly from tribe to tribe. Much
of it was made from the so-called tusk-
shell, a species of dentalium, which was
obtained in the following manner: Tothe
end of a suitable pole a strip of wood was
BULL. 30]
secured, being placed transversely to the
line of the pole, and first studded with
bone or wooden teeth. From the bow of
acanoe or boat, propelled usually by a
woman, the tusk-shell fisher stood and
carefully prodded the sands at the bottom
of the water a number of times with his
comblike instrument, and then drew it
up to see whether any of the shells had
become impaled on the teeth of the in-
strument. Sometimes four or five of the
shells were brought up, and sometimes
none atall. This wasa practical method
of obtaining these shells, as they are not
found between tide marks. The form of
this shell, which gave it its name of tusk-
shell, is tooth- or fang-shaped, having an
orifice at both ends. A fine specimen is
about 3 in. in length, but usually they are
much shorter. With the small end in-
variably downward, it is found burrowed
in the sand in from 4 to 8 fathoms of
water in sheltered harbors or inlets. The
women string these shells neatly on bits
of dried sinew; they are afterward orna-
mented with fragments of haliotis shell
and with tufts of mountain-goat’s wool.
A string of 25 of these shells, which,
placed’ end to end, reached one fathom
or 6 ft, was called a hiaqua (q. v.) and
was the standard of value. The short or
broken shells were strung in like manner,
and these inferior strings were called
kopkops, of which 40 were equal in value
to one hiaqua. Bands or belts were also
made of dentalium shells, and these also
served as currency and for ornament.
But according to Gibbs ‘‘forty to the
fathom’”’ was the standard, or one hiaqua,
which would purchase as a rule onemale
and two female slaves: this was approxi-
mately £50 sterling. According to Pow-
ers and others d/li-co-chick was the name
of this tusk-money in California. In the
central and southern part of the state
there was a staple currency known as
hawock, or hawok, made from the shells
of ‘‘a bivalve, a ponderous clam when
adult.’? The shell was cut into small
disks, of which the larger were worth
about 25 cents and the smaller about 4
cents. Some of the disks, 2 in. in diame-
ter and 4 in. in thickness, were worth a
dollar apiece. Powers mentions a neck-
lace of hawok, worn by a young woman,
which was 10 yds long, consisting of 1,160
pieces, and was worth about $225. The
olivella shell money was known as kol-
kol, or col-col. The shell was prepared
by simply grinding off the apex and
stringing it mouth-to-mouth with others.
This money, it is said, was ‘‘slightly
esteemed,’’ perhaps owing to the great
abundance of the species. The abalone
or haliotis shell money was known as
uhl-lo or iil-lo; this was made from a very
beautiful shell, rather too large and cum-
WAMPUM
909
bersome to be used as money. The shell
was prepared for use by cutting it into
oblong strips from 1 in. to 2 in. long and
about 4in. in width. Holes were drilled
near one end of the strip, and the strips
were then strung edge to edge. Ten
pieces constituted a string. The larger
pieces were worth $1 apiece, thus mak-
ing the value of a string about $10.
The literature pertaining toshell money
and to shell objects is extensive. The
more important writings on the subject
are: Barber and Howe, Hist. Coll. N. J.,
1844; Beach, Indian Miscel., 295, 1877;
Beauchamp (1) in Am. Antig., Mar. 1889;
(2)in Bull. N. Y. State Mus., vii, no.
41, 1901, with bibliog.; Beverley, Hist.
Va., bk. 111, 58, 1705; Boas, (1) in Rep.
Brit. A. A. S., 36, 1889; (2) in Rep. on
N. W. Tribes Can., 85, 1890; Bradford
in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., 3, 234-35,
335-36, 1856; Brinton, Myths of the New
World, 1903; Burnaby, Travelsin N. Am.,
60, 1775; Bushnell in Jour. Anthr.
Inst. Gt. Brit., xxxv1, 172, 1906; Cartier
in Hakluyt, Voy., 11, 272, 1600, repr.
1810; Carver, Travels, 235, 1796; Cox,
Adventures, 332-33, 1831; Eells in Smith-
son. Rep. 1887, 647, 1889; Forsyth, Acct.
Man. and Cust. of the Sauk, 3, 1826; God-
dard in Univ. Cal. Pub., 1, 49, 1903; Goo-
kin (1674) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1st
s., I, 152, 1792; Hale in Am. Nat., xvi,
1884; Holm (1646) in Mem. Hist. Soe.
Pa., 111, 1834; Holmes in 2d Rep. B. A.
E., 179, 1883; Ingersoll in Am. Nat.,
xvi, no. 5, 1883; Jewitt, Narr., 76, 1815;
Jones, Antiq. So. Ind., 1873; Josselyn,
Acct. Two Voy. to New Eng., 1865; Kane,
Wanderingsin N. Am., 238,1859; Lawson
(1714), Hist. Car., 1860; Lord, Naturalist
in Brit. Col., m, 22, 1866; Morgan, (1)
League of the Iroq., 1904; (2) in Rep. N.
Y. State Mus., 5, 71, 73, 1852; Norton in
Am. Mag., Mar. 1888; Penn in Har-
vey, Hist. Shawnee Inds., 20, 1855; Pow-
ers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., m1, 1877; Pratt
in Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci., 11, 1876;
Proud, Hist. Pa.,1, 133-34, 1797-98; Ross,
Adventures in Oregon, 95, 1849; Rutten-
ber, Ind. Tribes Hudson R., 26, 1872;
Smith, Hist. N. Y., 11, 42, 1829; Stearns,
(1) in Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1887, 297-334,
1889, with bibliography; (2) in Proce.
Cal. Acad. Sci., July, 1873; (3) in Am.
Nat., x1, 1877; Stites, Economics of the
Iroq., 1905; Thompson, Hist. Long Island,
1, 84-88, 1843; Timberlake, Memoir, 50,
62, 1765; Townshend, Quinnipiack Inds.,
33, 1900; Trumbull, Hist. Conn., 52, 1818,
repr. 1898; Van der Donck, Descrip. New
Netherlands, 206, 1841; Weeden, Indian
Money, 1884; Whipple, Pac. R. R. Rep.,
mt, 115, 1856; Williams (1643), Key into
Lang. of Amer., 1827 and 1866; Wood-
ward, Wampum, 1378. (J. N. B. H.)
Wampum, The. See Waumegesako,
910
Wamsutia. Cotton cloth manufactured
at the Wamsutta mills at New Bedford,
Mass., named aftera Massachusetsachem,
the eldest son of Massasoit. The name
is apparently a contraction of Womosutta,
‘Loving-heart’. (Ww. R. G.)
Wanaghe ( Wanaze, ‘ghost’). A divi-
sion of the Kansa.—Dorsey in 15th Rep.
B. A. E., 231, 1897.
Wanamakewajenenik (‘people eating
meat out of skin bags’—that is, ‘pemmi-
can-eaters’). A Chippewa band formerly
living near Lake of the Woods, on the n.
border of Minnesota.
Tecomimoni.—Chauvignerie (1736) quoted by
Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, m1, 556, 1853. Wana-
make-wajéenenik.—Long, Exped. St. Peter’s R., I,
aie Wanama kéewajink.—_Wm. Jones, ini’n,
Wananish. See Ouananiche.
Wanashquompskqut. See Squam.
Wanatah. A Potawatomi village for-
merly in La Porte co., Ind., a short dis-
tance kr. of the present Wanatah.—Hough,
map in Indiana Geol. Rep. 1882, 1883.
Waneta (‘TheCharger’). A Yanktonai
Sioux of the Pabaksa or Cuthead band,
son of Shappa or Red Thunder; born on
Elm r., in the present Brown co.,8. Dak.,
about 1795. He enlisted with his father
in the English servicein the War of 1812,
and fought valiantly at Ft Meigs and San-
dusky, winning his name by his bravery
in charging the Americans in the open,
and being seriously wounded in the battle
at the latter place. After the war he was
given a captain’s commission by the Brit-
ish, and visited England. He continued
to sympathize with the British until 1820,
when he attempted to destroy Ft Snelling
by stealth, but being thwarted in his en-
terprise by Col. Snelling, he afterward
heartily supported American interests.
Waneta was a dominant chief of the Sioux
and exceedingly active in his operations.
He signed the treaty of trade and inter-
course at Ft Pierre, July 5, 1825, and on
Aug. 17 of the same year signed the
treaty of Prairie du Chien which fixed
the boundaries of the Sioux territory.
He died in 1848 at the mouth of the War-
reconne, the present Beavercr., Emmons
co., Dak. His name is variously
spelled, as Wahnaataa, Wanotan, and
Wawnahton. (D. R.)
Wanigan. A receptaclein which small
supplies or a reserve stock of goods are
kept; also a large chest in which the
lumbermen of Maineand Minnesota keep
their spare clothing, pipes, tobacco, ete.
Called also wongan-box, and spelled wan-
gun and wangan. (2) A boat used on
the rivers of Maine for the transportation
of the entire personnel of a logging camp,
along with the tools of the camp and pro-
visions for the trip. See Wammikan.
(3) A place in a lumber camp where
accounts are kept and the men paid.
WAMSUTTA—WAPACUT
[B. A. BE.
‘‘Running the wangan’’ is the act of tak-
ing a loaded boat down a river, from sta-
tion to station, particularly in swiftly
flowing water. The word is from Abnaki
wantigan, ‘trap’; literally, that into which
any object strays, wanders, or gets lost; a
receptacle for catching and holding stray
objects; from wan, ‘to wander’, ‘goastray’,
‘get lost’, -igan, often used in Abnaki in
the sense of ‘trap’. Similarly, alockerin
a hunting phaéton is called a ‘trap’, and
this eventually gave its name to the
vehicle itself. — (Ww. R. G.)
Wanineath (Waninza’th). Asept ofthe
Seshart, a Nootka tribe.—Boasin 6th Rep.
N. W. Tribes Can., 32, 1890.
Waninkikikarachada (‘they call them-
selves aftera bird’). A bee SL gens.
Thunder.—Morgan, Ane. Soc., 157, 1877. a-kon/-
eha-ra.—Ibid. Wa-nink’ i-ki’-ka-ra’-tca-da.—Dorsey
in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 240, 1897.
Wankapin. See Wampapin.
Wanlish. A division of the true Kwa-
kiutl, probably named mistakenly from
i‘ chief.—Lord, Nat. in Brit. Col., 1, 165,
1866.
Wannalancet. A son of Passaconaway,
who succeeded his father as sachem of
Penacook on the Merrimac. He was a
life-long friend of the English and signed
the treaty of Dover. In 1659 Wannalancet
was imprisoned for debt. (A. F.C.)
Wannawegha (‘broken arrow’). A
former band of the Miniconjou Sioux,
possibly identical with the Wanneewack-
ataonelar band of Lewis and Clark.
Wannawega.—Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 220,
1897. Wa"-nawexa.—Ibid. Wan-nee-wack-a-ta-o-
ne-lar. — Lewis and Clark Discoyv., 34, 1806.
Wannigan. See Wanigan.
Wanotan. See Waneta.
Wapupiapayum. A division of the Sho-
shonean Kawia (Cahuilla) formerly liy-
ing about Banning and San Timoteo, Cal.
Akavat.—Kroeber in Uniy. Cal. Pub., viil, 35,
1908 (Serrano name of their country). Wanupi-
apayum.—Ibid.
Waokuitem ( Wad’kuitem). Aclan of the
Wikeno, a Kwakiutl tribe.—Boas in Rep.
Nat. Mus. 1895, 328, 1897.
Waoranec. A tribeofthe Esopus which
resided on the w. bank of the Hudson,
near Esopus cr., in Ulster co., N. Y.
Murderer’s kill Indians.—Dongan deed (1685) in
Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 93, 1872. Waoran-
ecks.—De Laet (1633) quoted by Ruttenber, ibid.,
72. Waoraneky.—De Laet, Nov. Orb., 72, 1633.
‘Warenecker.—Wassenaar (1632) quoted by Rut-
tenber, op. cit., 71. arenocker. — Ibid., 93.
Waroanekins.—De Laet (1633) quoted in Jones,
Ind. Bull., 6, 1867. Warranoke.—Addam (1653)
quoted by Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. 11, 79, 1848. | Wor-
anecks.—Map of 1614in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., I,
1856.
Wapacut. A dictionary name for the
great white owl, or snowy owl (Nyctea
scandiaca): probably from one of the north-
ern dialects of Algonquian, Wood Cree or
Labrador, in which wapacuthu would cor-
respond to the Cree wdpaskisiw and the
BULL. 30]
Chippewa wdbakosi, ‘it is white,’ from the
radical wdép or wdab, ‘white.’ (A. F. Cc.)
Wapakoneta ( Wa-pa-ko-né’-ta, ‘white
jacket’). A Shawnee village, named from
a chief, on Auglaize r., on the site of the
present Wapakoneta, Auglaize co., Ohio.
The Shawnee settled there by consent of
the Miami, after losing their country on
the Scioto by the treaty of Greenville in
1795. They occupied it as their principal
village until 1831, when they sold their
reservation and removed to the W. It
was the residence of Logan. (3. M.)
Logan’s village——Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. v, 134,
1848. Wapaghkanetta.—Johnston quoted by
Brown, W. Gaz., 287, 1817. Wapaghkonetta.—John-
ston, ibid., 326. Wapahkonetta.—Sen. Doc. 137,
29th Cong., Istsess., 1,1846. Wapakanotta.—Drake
Tecumseh, 17, 1852. Wapakonakunge.—Gatschet
inf’n, 1903 (‘where Wapakoneta lived’: Miami
name). Wapauckanata.—Harrison (1814) quoted
by Drake, Tecumseh, 159, 1852. Wapaughkonetta.—
St Marys treaty (1817) in U. S. Ind. Treat., 1034,
1873. Wapaughkonnetta.—W. H Shawnee in Gulf
States Hist. Mag., I, 415, 1903. Wapoghoognata.—
Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. v, 134, 1848. Wappauke-
nata.—Brown, W. Gaz., 272, 1817. Warpicanata.—
Woodward, Reminisc., 36, 1859. Wauphauthaw-
onaukee.—McKenney and Hall, Ind Tribes, 11,
111, 1854.
Wapakwe ( Wéd-pa-kwe’) The Opossum
gens of the Mahican.
Wapasha (‘Red Leaf’). A succession
of chiefs of the Mdewakanton Sioux, ex-
tending through tradition to a time imme-
morial. The first Wapasha of which
there is historical knowledge was born at
the head of Rum r., Minn.,in 1718. His
father was a chief of the same name, and
his mother a Chippewa captive. In 1747,
through relatives of his mother, he ne-
gotiated peace between the Chippewa
and his own people. About 1763 an
English trader, known to the Indians as
Mallard Duck, was killed at his store at
St Anthony’s falls by a Sioux named
Ixatape, in retaliation of which the Eng-
lish withdrew trade from the Sioux. By
this time they had become so dependent
on the traffic that destitution and suffer-
ing ensued, and Wapasha determined to
take the murderer to Quebec and deliver
him to the English. In company with a
hundred of his tribesmen he started with
Ixatape, but one by one the members of
the party returned to the Mississippi, so
that by the time Green Bay was reached
but few remained, and there Ixatape es-
caped; but, undaunted, Wapasha with
five others kept on, and, reaching Quebec,
offered himself as a vicarious sacrifice for
the sins of his people. His unselfish ac-
tion made a deep impression upon the
English, and he was afterward accorded
much honor. He led the Sioux in a well-
planned campaign in 1778 to drive back
the Chippewa and recover the ancestral
lands of the Sioux about Spirit lake,
Minn., but after some notable victories
his party fell into ambush at the mouth
of Elk r. and many of his warriors were
WAPAKONETA—WAPELLO
911
slain. Two years later he was able to
avenge this loss upon the Chippewa in a
notable battle near Elk r. Heserved the
English in the Revolution, and upon his
visit to Mackinaw, Col. DePeyster, the
commandant, dedicated to him a poem
and made him the subject of a great ova-
tion. He served in the West with Lang-
lade, but his service was not of great
importance. Before his death, which
occurred about 1799, he established his
band at the site of Winona, Minn., at a
village called Kiyuksa (q. v.).
WapasuHa II succeeded his father and
inherited the latter’s mild temperament
and benevolent disposition. He came
into notice when he met Lieut. Z. M.
Pike, in April, 1806, at Prairie du Chien,
and advised the latter to make Little Crow
the American chief of the Sioux. He
conceived a liking for Americans which
proved to be lasting. Although he was
in nominal alliance with the English in
the War of 1812, he was constantly under
suspicion of disloyalty to them, and Rol-
lette, his son-in-law, was court-martialed
on the charge that he was in collusion
with Wapasha against English interests.
After the war he was very prominent in
all the relations between the whites and
the Sioux, and died about 1855.
Wapasua III, known as Joseph Wa-
pasha, succeeded his father as chief of the
old Red Leaf band, and went with his
people to the reservation on upper Min-
nesota r. He was opposed to the out-
break of 1862, but when it was forced by
Little Crow he mildly assisted in it.
After the war he was removed to the
Missouri with his people and finally lo-
cated at Santee, Nebr. He signed the
treaty of 1868, which ended the Red Cloud
war, and died Apr. 23, 1876.
WapasHa IV (Napoleon), the son of
Joseph, is(1909) nominal chief of the San-
tee at Santee agency, Nebr. He is civil-
ized and a citizen. (D. R.)
Wapato. See Wappatoo.
Wapello (‘chief’). Head chief of the
Fox tribe, born at Prairie du Chien,
Wis., in 1787. His village was on the E.
side of the Mississippi, near the foot of
Rock id., and not far from Black Hawk’s
village. In 1816 it was one of the three
principal settlements in the vicinity of
Ft Armstrong, Iowa, opposite the present
Rock Island, Ill. Although stout and
short of stature, Wapello was of at-
tractive appearance, owing partly to his
kindly expression; he was peaceful and
intelligent, and entertained friendly re-
gard for the whites. Like Keokuk, and
unlike Black Hawk, he was willing to
abide by the terms of the treaty of 1804
which provided for the removal of the
Indians to the w. of the Mississippi, and
in 1829 he quietly removed to Muscatine
912
slough with his people, and later settled
near the present Wapello, Louisa co.,
Iowa, in which state a county was after-
ward named in his honor. Wapello was
next in rank to Keokuk, whom he accom-
panied with others to the E. in 1837, in
charge of their agent, Gen. Joseph M.
Street. While in Boston, and in reply to
an address by Gov. Everett, Wapello
made a speech expressing sentiments fay-
orable to the whites, which was received
with great applause. He died while on
a hunting trip near the present Ottumwa,
Iowa, Mar. 15, 1842. Inaccordance with
his request he was buried near Gen.
Street, to whom he had been deeply at-
tached. A monument has been erected
to his memory at Agency City, Iowa.
Wapello was one of the signers of the
following treaties between the United
States and the Sauk and Foxes: Ft Arm-
strong, Sept. 3, 1822; Prairie du Chien,
July 15, 1830; Ft Armstrong, Sept. 21,
1832; Dubuque co., Lowa, Sept. 28,.1836;
Washington, Oct. 21, 1837. See Fulton,
Red Men of Iowa, 1882; Stevens, Black
Hawk War, 1903; McKenney and Hall,
Ind. Tribes, 1854. (F. 8. N.)
Wapeminskink (Wah- pt- mins’- kink,
‘chestnut-tree place’). A former Dela-
ware town on the w. fork of White r., at
the site of Anderson, Madison co., Ind.
From being the residence of Anderson
(Kok-to’-wha-ntind, ‘making a cracking
noise’), the principal chief, about 1800-
1818, it was commonly known as An-
derson’s Town. The land was sold in
1818. (J. P. D.)
Anderson’s Town.—Hough, map, in Indiana Geol.
Rep. 1882, 1883. Kik-the-swe-mud.—Hough, ibid.
(=Koktowhanund, the chief). Wah-pi-mins’-
kink.—Dunn, True Ind. Stories, 253, 1909. Wape-
minskink.—Brinton, Lenape Leg., 124, 1885 (incor-
rectly identified with Wapicomekoke).
Wapicomekoke ( Wah-pi-ko-me-kunk,
‘White-river town’, from ‘Wah-pi-ko-me/-
kah, ‘white waters,’ the Miami and old
Delaware name of White r., Ind.). A
former town of the Munsee branch of the
Delawares, on the site of the present
Muncie, Delaware co., Ind. It was the
easternmost town of the Delawares in
Indiana, and the first reached by the
trails from the £., n., and s. It was
formed by removal from anolder town a
short distance up the river, commonly
known as Outainink (Utenink, ‘at the
place of the town’), or Old Town. It
has been confounded with a neighboring
Delaware village, Wapeminskink, better
known as Anderson’s Town. The land
was sold in 1818. 5 Pi ee 05)
Munsey Town.—Treaty of 1818 in U. S. Ind. Treat.,
493, 1873. Wah-pi-ko-me-kunk.—J. P. Dunn, inf’n,
1907. Wapicomekoke.—Ibid. Woapikamikunk. —
Brinton, Lenape Leg., 124, 1885.
Wapisiwisibiwininiwak (‘Swan creek
men,’ from wapisi, ‘swan’; sibi, ‘river’;
ininiwak, ‘men’). A band of Chippewa
WAPEMINSKINK—W APPATOO
[B. A. BL
that formerly resided on Swan er., near
L. St Clair, Mich. They sold the greater
part of their lands in 1836 and part of
them removed to Kansas, where they
were joined by the rest in 1864. Their
descendants now form part of the mixed
band of ‘‘Munsee and Chippewa” in
Kansas, numbering together about 90 in-
dividuals. (J. M.
Swan-Creek band.—Washington treaty (1836) in
U.S. Ind. Treat., 227, 1873. Wabisibiwininiwag.—
Wm. Jones, inf’n, 1905 (correctname). Wapisiwi-
sibi-wininiwak.—Gatschet, Ojibwa MS., B. A. E
1882.
Wapiti (wapiti, ‘white rump’). The
Shawnee name of Cervus canadensis, the
American elk, called also gray moose, the
mos or mus of the Lenape, the ma”rus of
the Kenebec, the wanboz of the Penob-
scot, the mishewe of the Chippewa, the
shewea of the Miami, the makyase of the
Pequot, etc.; a deer about the size of the
horse and so strikingly similar in appear-
ance to the stag of Europe that it was
supposed by the early settlers to be the
same species and was called by the same
name. Its horns, which are round and
not flat, like those of the moose and cari-
bou, are 5 to 6 ft long and much branched,
and its color in summer is light chestnut-
red with white rump, in winter grayish,
and to the latter fact the Penobscot name
(meaning ‘white moose’) alludes. The
animal was formerly extensively distrib-
uted throughout the present limits of the
United States, but is now confined mostly
to the N. and N. w. portions. In Minne-
sota it is found in large herds, and, on the
upper Missouri, Yellowstone, and other
streams, in still larger ones. Of the vast
numbers in these regions, some idea may
be formed from the piles of shed horns
which the Indians were in the habit of
heaping up in the prairies. One of these,
in Elkhorn prairie, was, before its de-
struction in 1850, about 15 ft high, and
was for many years a conspicuous land-
mark. Others, still larger, are found on
the upper Yellowstone. (Ww. R. G.)
Wapon. Theextinct White Shell-bead
clan of Sia pueblo, New Mexico.
Wa’pon.—Stevenson in 11th Rep. B. A. E., 19,
1894. Wapon-hano.=Hodge in Am. Anthr., rx,
352, 1896 (hano=‘ people’).
Wapoo. A small tribe of the Cusabo
group, formerly living on Wapoo cr. and
the immediately adjacent coast of South
Carolina. They have long been extinct.
Bartram (Trav., 54, 1792) mentions them
among the tribes in the vicinity of
Charleston, which he says ‘‘cramped the
English plantations.’’ Nothing further
has been recorded in regard to them.
The tribe is designated on De l’Isle’s map
(Winsor, Hist. Am., 11, 1886), about the
year 1700, under the name Ouapamo, as
situated on Wingau r., 8S. C.
Wappatoo. A bulbous root (Sagittaria
variabilis) used for food by the Indians
BULL. 30]
of the W. and N. W.: from the Cree
wdpatow or the Chippewa wdpato or
wdbado, ‘white fungus.’ This word,
spelled also wapato, has passed into the
Chinook jargon of the Columbia r. re-
gion, in which wappatoo means ‘potato,’
but its origin is very uncertain. The
Chippewa name wdpato has been applied
to some plant called rhubarb. As a
place name it occurs in Wapatoo, an
island off the coast of Washington, and
in Wapato, a village in Washington co.,
Oreg. (ac Fe oweErG:)
Wappatoo. The tribes on and around
Sauvies id. at the mouth of Willamette
r., Oreg. Under this name Lewis and
Clark (Exped., u, 472-473, 1814) in-
cluded Nechacokee (Nechacoke), Shoto,
Multnomah, Clannahqueh(Clahnaquah),
Nemalquinner, Cathlacommatups (Cath-
lacomatup), Cathlanaquiahs, Clackstar
(Tlatskanai), Claninnatas, Cathlacu-
mups, Clannarminnamuns (Kathlamini-
mim), Quathlahpohtle (Cathlapotle),
Cathlamahs (Cathlamet). The name
(Wapato Lake) is now officially used to
designate a small remnant of 4 Indians
on Grande Ronde res., Oreg., probably
the survivors of those mentioned by
Lewis and Clark. (L. F.)
Wappinger (‘easterners,’ from the same
root as Abnaki, q. v.). A confederacy
of Algonquian tribes, formerly occupy-
ing the 5. bank of Hudson r. from
Poughkeepsie to Manhattan id. and the
country extending ©. beyond Connec-
ticut r., Conn. They were closely re-
lated to the Mahican on the n. and
the Delawares on the s. According
to Ruttenber their totem was the wolf.
They were divided into 9 tribes:
Wappinger proper, Manhattan, Wecqua-
esgeek, Sintsink, Kitchawank, Tanki-
teke, Nochpeem, Siwanoy, and Mattabe- .
sec. Some of these were again divided
into subtribes. The eastern bands never
came into collision with the Connecticut
settlers. Gradually selling their lands as
they dwindled away before the whites,
they finally joined the Indians at Scati-
cook and Stockbridge; a few of them
also emigrated to Canada. The western
bands became involved in war with the
Dutch in 1640, which lasted five years,
and is said to have cost the lives of 1,600
Indians, of whom the Wappinger proper
were the principal sufferers. Notwith-
standing this, they kept up their regular
succession of chiefs and continued to
occupy a tract along the shore in West-
chester co., N. Y., until 1756, when most
of those then remaining, together with
some Mahican from the same region,
joined the Nanticoke, then living under
Iroquois protection at Chenango, near
the present Binghamton, N. Y., and, with
them, were finally merged into the Dela-
3456—Bull. 30, pt 2-07-58
WAPPATOO—WAPPO
913
wares. Their last public appearance was
at the Easton conference in 1758. Some
of them also joined the Moravian and
Stockbridge Indians, while a few were
still in Dutchess co. in 1774.
They had the following villages: Alip-
conk, Canopus, Cupheag, Keskistkonk,
Kestaubuinck, Kitechawank, Mattabesec,
Menunkatuc, Nappeckamak, Naugatuck,
Nipinichsen, Nochpeem, Ossingsing, Pas-
quasheck, Paugusset, Pauquaunuch, Pom-
peraug, Poningo, Poodatook, Poquannoc,
Pyquaug, Quinnipiac, Rechtauck. Roa-
tan, Sackhoes, Sapohanikan, Senasqua,
Tunxis, Turkey Hill, Uncowa, Wecquaes-
geek, Wongunk, Woronock. (J. M. )
Abingas.—Schoolcraft in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Proc.,
101, 1844. Apineus.—McKenney and Hall, Ind.
Tribes, III, 81, 1854 (probably the Wappinger).
Wabigna.—Am. Pioneer, I, 192, 1843 (misprint).
Wabinga.—Schermerhorn (1812) in Mass. Hist. Soe.
Coll., 2d s., 11, 6, 1814. Wabingies.—Boudinot, Star
in the West, 129, 1816. Wam-pa-nos.—Macauley,
N.Y., 11, 174, 1829. Wamponas.— Doc. of 1755 quoted
by Rupp, Northampton Co., 88, 1845. Wapanoos.—
Map of 1616 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 1, 1856.
Wapingeis—McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes,
I1I, 80, 1854. Wapinger.—Doc. of 1766 in N. Y. Doe.
Col. Hist., V1I, 868, 1856. Wapingoes.—Lovelace
(1668), ibid., x111, 420, 1881. Wapings.—Boudinot,
Star in the West, 129, 1816. Wappanoos.—Van der
Donck (1656) quoted by Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson
R., 51, 1872. Wappenger.—Courtland (1688) in N.Y.
Doe. Col. Hist., 111, 562, 18538. Wappenos.—De
Rasiéres (1626) quoted by Ruttenber, Tribes Hud-
son R., 51, 1872. Wappinges.—Winfield, Hudson
Co., 8, 1874. Wappinx.—Treaty (1645) quoted by
Winfield, ibid., 45.
Wappinger. The leading tribe of the
Wappinger confederacy, occupying the
territory about Poughkeepsie, in Dutchess
Cou, WY.
Highland Indians.—Lovelace (1669) in N. Y. Doe.
Col. Hist., x111, 440, 1881. Indians of the Long
Reach.—Doec. of 1690 quoted by Ruttenber,
Tribes Hudson R., 178, 1872. Wappinck.—Treaty
of 1644 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., x111, 17, 1881.
Wappinex.—Treaty of 1645 quoted by Ruttenber,
Tribes Hudson R., 118, 1872. Wappingers.—Writer
of 1643 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 1, 185, 1856. Wap-
pingh.—Doc. of 1663, ibid., x1IT, 282, 1881. Wap-
pingos.—Lovelace (1669), ibid., 427. Wappings.—
Doc. of 1650, ibid., XIII, 27, 1881. Wappinoes.—
Nimham (1730) quoted by Ruttenber, Tribes
Hudson R., 51, 1872. Wappinoo.—Van der Doneck
(1656) quoted by Ruttenber, ibid., 77. Weque-
hachke.—Loskiel (1794) quoted by Ruttenber,
ibid., 369, (Loskiel gives it as the Indian name
of the Highlands, meaning ‘the hill country’;
Ruttenber says it may have been the real name
of the Wappinger proper).
Wappo (from Span. guapo, ‘brave’). A
small detached portion of the Yukian
family of n. California, separated from the
Huchnom, the nearest Yuki division, by
30 or 40 m. of Pomo territory. They
lived chiefly in the mountains separating
Sonoma from Lake and Napa cos., be-
tween Geysers and Calistoga. A portion
of them, called Rincons by Powers, occu-
pied Russian River valley in the vicinity
of Healdsburg.
Ashochemies.—Powers in Overland Mo., x1it, 542,
1874. Ash-o-chi-mi.—Powersin Cont.N.A. Ethnol.,
11I, 196, 1877. Guapos.—Bancroft, Hist. Cal., Iv,
71, 1886. Satiyomes.—Ibid., 111, 360, 1886. Sati-
yomis.—Ibid., Iv, 71, 1886. Seteomellos.—Taylor
914
in Cal. Farmer, Mar. 30,1860. Soteomellos.—Tay-
lor misquoted by Bancroft, Nat. Races, I, 448,
1874. Sotomieyos.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Mar.
30, 1860. Sotoyomes.—Bancroft, Hist. Oal., Iv, 72,
1886. Wapo.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1856, 257; 1857.
Wappo.—Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 111, 196,
1877 (given as Spanish name). Wattos.—Stearns
in Am. Nat., VI, 206, 1882.
Waptailmin (‘people of the narrow
river’). The principal band of the Yak-
ima (q. v.), formerly living on Yakima
r. just below Union Gap, near the present
town of North Yakima, Wash.
Wapumne. A former Nishinam settle-
ment near Michigan bar, on the middle
fork of American r., Cal. (R. B. D.)
Wajuomne.—Bancroft, Nat. Races, I, 450, 1874.
Wapoomney.—Ibid. Wapumney.—Sutter (1862)
quoted by Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., TI,
323, 1877. Wapimnies.—Powers in Overland Mo.,
XII, 22, 1874.
Waputyutsiama (Keres: ‘little doorway
leading west’). A former summer vil-
lage of the Laguna Indians of New Mex-
ico, now a permanently occupied pueblo
of that tribe; situated 6 m. w. of Laguna.
Puertecito.—Pradt quoted by Hodge in Am.
Anthr., Iv, 346, 1891 eon ‘little door’). Wa-
pu-chu-se-amma.—Ibid. Waputyutsiama.—Hodge,
field-notes, B. A. E., 1895.
Waquithi ( Wa/-qui-thi, ‘bad faces’). A
band of the Arapaho (q. v.).
Wagquoit. A village of Praying Indians
in 1674 about the site of the present
Waquoit, Barnstable co., Mass. It was
probably subject to either the Wam-
Pecos or the Nauset.
akoquet.—Bourne (1674) in Mass. Hist. Soc.
Coll., 1st s., I, 197, 1806. Wawquoit.—Freeman
(1792), ibid., 230. Weequakut.—Bourne (1674),
ibid., 197.
Waradika. Wee-yot.—Gibbs in Schoolcraft, Ind.
Tribes, 111, 422, 1853 (given as the name of a dia-
lecton Eelr. andHumboldtbay). > Weitspek.—
Latham in ‘rans. Philol. Soc. Lond., 77, 1856
(includes Weyot and Wishosk); Latham, Opus-
cula, 343, 1860. Yakones.—Hale in U. S. Expl. Exped., vi, 198,
218, 1846 (or Iakon, coast of Oregon); Buschmann,
Spuren der aztek. Sprache, 612, 1859. >Iakon.—
Hale in U.S. Expl. Exped., vi, 218, 569, 1846 (or
Lower Killamuks); Buschmann, Spuren der
aztek. Sprache, 612, 1859. >Jacon.—Gallatin in
Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc., u, pt. 1, c, 77, 1848.
>Jakon.—Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc.,
II, pt. 1, 17, 1848; Berghaus (1851), Physik. Atlas,
map 17, 1852; Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes,
111, 402, 1853 (language of lower Killamuks);
Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond., 73, 1856;
Latham, Opuscula, 340, 1860. >Yakon.—Latham,
Nat. Hist. Man, 324, 1850; Gatschet, in Mag. Am.
Hist., 166, 1877; Gatschet in Beach, Ind. Misce.,
441, 1877; Bancroft, Nat. Races, 111, 565, 640, 1882.
>Yakona,—Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 256, 1882.
=Yakonan.—Powell in 7th Rep., B. A. E., 133,
1891. >Southern Killamuks,—Hale in U.S. Expl.
Exped., vi, 218, 569, 1846 (or Yakones); Gallatin
in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc., 11, 17, 1848 (after Hale).
>Sud Killamuk.—Berghaus (1851), Physik. Atlas,
map 17, 1852. >Sainstskla.—Latham, Nat. Hist.
Man, 325, 1850 (‘‘south of the Yakon, between the
Umkwaand thesea’’). >Sayiskla.—Gatschet in
Mag. Am. Hist., 257, 1882 (on Lower Umpqua,
Sayuskla, and Smith rivers). >Killiwashat,—
Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 325, 1850 (‘‘ mouth of the
Umkwa’”’). XKlamath.—_Keane in Stanford,
Compend., Cent. and So. Am., 475, 1878 (cited as
including Yacons).
Yaku (Yak/u). A Haida town of the
Dostlan-lnagai family, that formerly stood
on the n. w. coast of Graham id., opposite
North id., Queen Charlotte ids., Brit.
Col. This town, or it and the neighbor-
ing one of Kiusta together, may be that
designated Lu-lan-na by John Work,
1836-41, to which he assigned 20 houses
and 296 people. Old people remember
4 large houses and 4 small ones in Yaku,
and 9 houses in Kiusta. This would
seem to indicate a population in Yaku
roper of about 100 to 120. (i. BB)
a’k’o.—Boas, 12th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 22,
1898. Kakoh.—Dawson, Q. Charlotte Ids., 162B,
BULL. 30]
1880 (corrupted form). Yak!u.—Swanton, Cont.
Haida, 281, 1905. Yukh.—Deans, Tales from Hi-
dery, 94, 1899.
Yaku-gitinai ( Va’ku gitind’-i, ‘the mid-
dle Giti/ns’). A subdivision of the
Higahet-gitinai, a Haida family of the
Eagle clan. They received their name
from having lived in the middle of Skide-
gate village; there they killed a chief
and fled to the w. coast.-—Swanton, Cont.
Haida, 274, 1905.
Yaku-lanas (aku 1d@/nas, ‘middle-town
people’). A large and important Haida
family belonging to the Raven clan. By
the Skidegate people it is said they
were so named because they occupied
the middle row in a legendary five-
row town, where all the Raven side for-
merly lived (see Skena). The Masset
people attributed it to the fact that
wherever the members of this family
settled they occupied the middle of the
village. They are said to have come
originally from the s. end of Queen
Charlotte ids., but the greater part finally
moved to Alaska, where they constituted
the most important Raven family among
the Kaigani. One subdivision, the Ao-
yaku-Inagai, settled in Masset inlet. Of
the Kaigani part of the family there were 4
subdivisions, the Kaad-naas-hadai, Yehl-
naas-hadai, Skistlai-nai-hadai, and Na-
kaduts-hadai. The extinct Ta-ahl-lanas
of North id. perhaps belonged to it. Be-
fore they left Queen Charlotte ids. their
principal town was Dadens. In Alaska
it was Klinkwan. The Hlgahet-gu-lanas
are said to have once been a part of this
family.—Swanton, Cont. Haida, 271, 1905.
Yak‘ la’nas.—Boas, 12th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can.,
22,1898. Yakwut Lennas.—Harrison in Proc. Roy.
Soc. Can., sec. I1, 125, 1895.
Yakutat. A Tlingit tribe centering
around the bay of the same name, but
extending northward to Copper r. and
southward to Dry bay, Alaska. Pop.
826 in 1880, 436 in 1890. Their principal
winter town is Yakutat. According toa
contributor to The Alaskan, the town on
Dry bay is called Satah. Emmons con-
siders the Dry bay and Chilkat (Con-
troller bay) Indians as distinct divisions.
A summer village near Copper r. isnamed
Chilkat, and Gonaho, Gutheni, and Hla-
hayik are the names of former towns.
Social divisions are Ganahadi, Kashke-
koan, Koskedi, and Tekoedi. (J. R. s.)
Chlach-a-jeék.— Krause, Tlinkit Ind.,98, 1885. Jak-
huthath.—Holmberg, Ethnog. Skizz., map, 142,
1855. Jakutat.—Prichard, Phys. Hist. Man., v, 370;
1847. Jakutat-kon.—Krause, Tlinkit Ind., 116, 1855-
Klahinks.—Colyer (1869) in Ind. Aff. Rep., 535, 1870-
Eahayi’kqoan.—Swanton, field-notes, B. A. E-
(usual name applied by themselves). Thlar-har-
yeek-gwan.—_Emmons in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat:
Hist., 11, 230, 1903. Yahkutats.—Elliott, Cond.
Aff. Alaska, 30, 1874. Yakutats.—Dall in Proc.
Am. A. A. S. 1869, xviiI, 269, 1870. Yaku-
tatskoe.—Veniaminoff, Zapiski, 11, pt. 117, 29, 1840.
ponte Mahoney in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1869, 575,
70.
Y AKU-GITINAI—YAKWAL
985
Yakutat. The principal town of the
Yakutat tribe on the bay of the same
name in Alaska. Pop. 300 in 1890.
Yak«da/t.—Swanton, field notes, B. A. E., 1904.
YAKUTAT PRIEST
~ Yakwal (‘drifted ones,’ from ydkwand,
‘Il am carried off by water’). wi=.—Dorsey, Dhegiha
MS. dict., B. A. E., 1878 (Omaha and Ponca name).
Thanktonwayn.—Riggs, Dakota Gram. and Dict.,
viii, 1852. Ihanktonwans.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 564,
990
1845. Ihanktonwe.—Boyd, Ind, Local Names, 55,
1885 (trans.: ‘a town or dwelling at the end’).
Ihank’-t’wans.—Ramsey in Ind. Aff, Rep. 1849, 85,
1850. Ihauk-t’wans.—H. R. Ex. Doc. 96, 42d Cong.,
3d sess., 16, 1873. Ja*aza nikaci»ga.—Dorsey in 3d
Rep. B. A. E., 212, 1884 (‘ people who dwelt in the
woods’: so called anciently by the Omaha).
Jantons.—De Smet, Miss. de l’Oregon, 264, 1848.
Jantous.—De Smet, Letters, 23, 1843. Lower-Yanc-
tons.—Hayden, Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. Val., 371,
1862. Shan-ke-t’wans.—Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep.
1849, 74, 1850 (misprint). Shank’ t’ wannons.—Ram-
sey, ibid., 78. Shank-t’wans.—Ramsey, ibid., 75.
South Yanktons.—Prescott in Schoolcraft, Ind.
Tribes, 11, 169, note, 1852. Wichiyela.—Warren,
Dacota Country, 15, 1855 (trans.: ‘first nation’).
Wiciyela.—Riggs, Dakota Gram. and Dict., viii,
1852 (‘ they are the people’: Teton name, applied
also to Yanktonai). Yanckton.—Treaty of 1831 in
U. S. Ind. Treaties, 788, 1873. Yancton.—Long,
Exped. Rocky Mts., 1,179, 1823. Yanctonas.—Ind.
Aff. Rep., 497, 1839. Yanctongs.—Pike, Exped., 49,
1810. Yanctons.—Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849,
78, 1850. Yanctonwas.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes,
VI, 689, 1857. Yanctorinans.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 295,
1854. Yanctowah.—Boller, Among Inds. in Far
W., 29, 1868. Yaneton.—Martin, Hist. La., 333,
1882. Yanetong.—Boudinot, Star in the W., 129,
1816. Yanka-taus.—Ruxton, Life in Far W., 111,
1849. Yanktau-Sioux.—Sage, Scenes in Rocky Mts.,
54, 1846. Yank toan.—Long, Exped. St Peter’s
R., I, 378, 1824 (trans.: ‘descended from the fern
leaves’). Yanktons.—De l’Isle, map of La. (1708)
in Neill, Hist. Minn., 164, 1858. Yanktons of the
south.—Lewis and Clark Exped., 1, 184, 1817.
Yanktoons.—West, Jour., 86, 1824. Yanktown.—
Culbertson in Smithson. Rep. 1850, 86,1851. Yan-
tons.—Keane in Stanford, Compend., 470, 1878.
Yauktong.—Tanner, Narr., 324, 1830 (misprint).
Yauktons.—Parker, Minn. Handbk., 141, 1857.
Yaunktwaun.—Ramsey in Minn. Hist. Coll., 1,
(1850-56), 47, 1872. Yengetongs.—Schoolecraft,
Tray., 308, 1821. Yonktins.—Gass, Voy., 407, 1810.
Yonktons.—Drake, Ind. Chron., 201, 1836. L
Yanktonai (ihatke ‘end,’ to”wan ‘vil-
lage,’ na diminutive: ‘little-end village.’ —
Riggs). One of the 7 primary divisions
or subtribes of the Dakota, speaking the
same dialect as the Yankton and believed
to be the elder tribe. Long evidently ob-
tained a tradition from the Indians to this
effect. The first apparent reference toone
of the tribes in which the other is not
included is that to the Yankton by La
Sueur in 1700. It is not until noticed by
Lewis and Clark in 1804 that they reap-
pear. These explorers state that they
roved on the headwaters of the Sioux,
James, and Red rs. The migration from
their eastern home, n. of Mille Lac, Minn.,
probably took placeat the beginning of the
18th century. It is likely that they fol-
lowed oraccompanied the Teton, whilethe
Yankton turned more and more toward
thes. w. Long (1823) speaks of them as
one of the most important of the Dakota
tribes, their hunting grounds extending
from Red r. to the Missouri. Warren
(1855) gives as their habitat the country
between the James r. and the’ Missouri,
extending as far n. as Devils lake, and
states that they fought against the United
States in the War of 1812, and that their
chief at that time wentto England. It does
not appear that this tribe took any part in
the Minnesota massacre of 1862. In 1865
separate treaties of peace were made with
the United States by the Upper and Lower
YANKTONATI
[B. A, B.
Yanktonai, binding them to use their in-
fluence and power to prevent hostilities
not only against citizens, but also between
the Indian tribes in the region occupied
or frequented by them. Subsequently
they were gathered on reservations, the
Upper Yanktonai mostly at Standing
Rock, partly also at Devils Lake, N. Dak.;
the Lower Yanktonai (Hunkpatina)
chiefly on Crow Creek res., S. Dak., but
part at Standing Rock res., N. Dak., and -
some at Fort Peck res., Mont.
Their customs and characteristics are
those common to the Dakota. Long
(1823) states that they had no fixed resi-
dence, but dwelt in fine lodges of well-
dressed and decorated skins, and fre-
quented, for the purpose of trade, L.
Traverse, Big Stone lake,and Cheyenne r.
Their chief, Wanotan, wore a splendid
cloak of buffalo skins, dressed so as to be a
fine whitecolor, which was decorated with
tufts of owl feathers and others of various
hues. Hisnecklace was formed of about 60
claws of the grizzly bear, and his leggings, .
jacket, and moccasins were of white skins
profusely decorated with human hair, the
moccasins being variegated with plumage
from several birds. In his hair, secured
by a strip of red cloth, he wore 9 sticks,
neatly cut and smoothed and painted with
vermilion, which designated the number
of gunshot wounds he had received. His
hair was plaited in two tresses, which
hung forward; his face was painted with
vermilion, and in his hand he carried a
large fan of turkey feathers.
The primary divisions of the tribe are
Upper Yanktonaiand Hunkpatina. These
are really subtribes, each having its organ-
ization.
The first notice of subdivisions is that
by Lewis and Clark, who mention the
Kiyuksa, Wazikute, Hunkpatina, and
the unidentified Hahatonwanna, Hone-
taparteenwaz, and Zaartar. Hayden
(1862) mentions the Hunkpatina, Pa-
baksa, and Wazikute, and speaks of two
other bands, one called the Santee, and
probably not Yanktonai. J. O. Dorsey
gives as subdivisions, which he calls
gentes, of the Upper Yanktonai: Wazi-
kute, Takini, Shikshichena, Bakihon,
Kiyuksa, Pabaksa, and another whose
name was not ascertained. His subdi-
visions of the Hunkpatina are Putete-
mini, Shungikcheka, Takhuhayuta, Sa-
nona, Ihasha, Iteghu, and Pteyuteshni.
English translations of names of bands of
Yanktonai of which little else is known
are ‘The band that wishes the life’ and
‘The few that lived.’
The population asgivenat different dates
varies widely. Lewis and Clark (1806)
estimate the men at 500, equal to a total
of about 1,750; Long (1823), 5,200; Rep.
Ind. Aff. for 1842, 6,000; Warren in 1856,
BULL. 30]
6,400; in 1867, 4,500; Ind. Aff. Rep. for
1874, 2,266; in 1885 returns from the agen-
cies gave 6,618, while in 1886 the reported
number was only 5,109. The Lower
Yanktonai, or Hunkpatina, are chiefly
under the Crow Creek school, 8. Dak.,
where, together with some Lower Brulés,
Miniconjou, and Two Kettles, they num-
bered 1,019 in 1909. There are others
under the Standing Rock agency, N.
Dak., but their number is not separately
enumerated. The Upper Yanktonai are
chiefly under the Standing Rock agency,
and while their number is not separately
reported, there are probably about 3,500
at this place. The Pabaksa branch of
the Upper Yanktonai are under the Ft
Totten school, N. Dak., but their num-
berisnot known. Theso-called ‘‘Yank-
ton Sioux’’ under the Ft Peck agency,
Mont., are in reality chiefly Yanktonai.
These, with several other Sioux tribes,
numbered 1,082 in 1909. (Gras)
Ehanktonwanna.—Lynd in Minn. Hist. Coll., 1, pt.
2,59, 1864. E-hank-to-wana.—Brackett in Smith-
son. Rep., 471. 1876. | E-hawn-k’-t’-wawn-nah.—
Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 86, 1850 (trans.
‘lesser people of the further end’). Eyank-ton-
wah.—Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, I, 169, 1852.
Thanktonwaynna.—Riggs, Dakota Gram. and Dict.,
vill, 1852. Ihanktonwanna Dakotas.—Hayden,
Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. Val., map, 1862. Ihank-
tonwannas.—Warren, Dacota Country, 15, 1855.
Than-k’-tow-wan-nan.—Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep.
1849, 86, 1850. Thank’-t’wan-ahs.—Ramsey, ibid.,
85. Ihauk-to-wa-na.—Am. Nat., 829, 1882 (mis-
print). Ihauk-t’wan-ahs.—H. R. Ex. Doc. 96, 42d
Cong., 3d sess., 16, 1873. Jantonnais.—De Smet
Miss. de l)Oregon, 264, 1848. Jantonnees.—De
Smet, Letters, 37, note, 1843. Jantonnois.—Ibid.,
23. Ohantonwanna.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 566, 1845.
Yanctannas.—Burton, City of Saints, 118, 1861.
Yanctonais.—Harney in Sen. Ex. Doc. 94, 34th
Cong., Ist sess., 1, 1856. Yanctonees.—Ind. Aff.
Rep., 7, 1856. Yanctonie.—H. R. Ex. Doc. 117, 19th
Cong., 1st sess., 6, 1826. Yanctonnais.—Ind. Aff.
Rep.,15, 1858. Yangtons Ahnah.—Bradbury,Trav.,
83, 1817. Yanktoanan.—Long, Exped. St. Peter’s
R., I, 378, 1824 (trans. ‘Fern leaves’). Yankto-
anons.—Maximilian, Trav., 149, 1843. Yanktona.—
Ex. Doc. 56, 18th Cong., Ist sess., 9, 1824. Yank-
ton Ahnaé.—Lewis and Clark Discoy., 20, 1806.
Yankton ahnah.—Ibid.,28. Yanktonai.—Treaty of
1865 in U. S. Ind. Treat., 862, 1873. Yankton-
aias.—Corliss, Lacotah MS. vocab., B. A. E., 107,
1874. Yanktonais.—Warren, Dacota Country, 15,
1855. Yanktonans.—Maximilian, Tray., 149, 1843.
Yank-ton-ees.—Prescottin Schoolcraft, Ind.Tribes,
II, 169, note, 1852. Yanktonians.—Culbertson in
Smithson. Rep. 1850, 89, 1851. Yanktonias-Sioux. —
Williamson in Minn. Hist. Coll., 111, 285, 1880.
Yanktonies.—Treaty of 1826in U. 8. Ind. Treat., 871,
1873, Yanktonnan.—Culbertson in Smithson. Rep.
1850, 141, 1851. Yanktonnas.—Warren, Neb. and
Ariz., 47,1875. Yanktons Ahna.—Lewis and Clark
Discoy., 21,1806. Yanktons Ahnah.—Lewis, Trav.,
171, 1809. Yank-ton-us.—Prescott in Schoolcraft.
Ind. Tribes, 11,169, note, 1852. Yonktons Ahnah,—
Farnham, Trav., 32, 1848.
Yanostas. A former village connected
with San Carlos mission, Cal., and said
to have been Esselen.—Taylor in Cal.
Farmer, Apr. 20, 1860.
Yaogus ( Ydogas). A Haida town of
the Kagials-kegawai family, formerly on
the s. w. side of Louise id., Queen Char-
lotte ids., Brit. Col.—Swanton, Cont.
Haida, 279, 1905,
YANOSTAS—YAQUI
991
Yapalaga. An ancient town, probably
of the Apalachee, on the rE. bank of St
Marks r., Fla.
Yapalaga.—Jefferys, French Dom., 135, map, 1761,
Yapalage.—Roberts, Fla., 14, 1763.
Yapashi. The generic name given by
the Keresan tribes to fetishes represent-
ing human forms, and hence applied to
a prehistoric pueblo, the aboriginal name
of which is unknown, on the Potrero de
las Vacas, above Cochiti, N. Mex., on
account of the presence there of numer-
ous figurines. Not to be confounded
with Pueblo Caja del Rio, to which the
Cochiti people apply the same name.—
Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, tv, 152,
1892.
Tit-yi Ha-nat Kama Tze-shum-a.—Bandelier, op. cit.
(‘The old houses in the north’: Cochiti name).
Tit-yi Ha-nat Ka-ma Tze-shum-a Mo-katsh Zaitsh.—
Ibid. (‘the old houses above in the north where
the panthers lie extended’: another Cochiti
name), Yap-a-shi.—Ibid. i
Yapiam. An unidentified Pomo divi-
sion formerly living on Russian r., Cal.
Japiam.—Wrangell, Ethnog. Nach., 80, 1839.
Yapon, Yapoon. See Black drink, Yopon.
Yaqatlenlish ( Yagailentsch). Anances-
tor of one of the gentes of the Kwakiutl
proper, after whom the gens itself was
sometimes named.—Boas in Petermanns
Mitteil., pt. 5, 131, 1887.
Yaqui (said to mean ‘chief river,’ re-
ferring to the Rio Yaqui). An important
division of the Cahita which until re-
YAQUI MAN
cently dwelt along both banks of the
lower Rio Yaqui, but is now scattered
over the larger part of s. Sonora, Mexico.
The first notice of the tribe is probably
992
the narrative of the expedition in 1531
by Nufio deGuzman (Segunda Rel. Anon.,
in Icazbalceta,Col. Does., 11, 300-02, 1866),
in which they are spoken of as related
linguistically to the people living on Rio
dle Fuerte, a relationship that has since
been fully confirmed (see Cahita). Capt.
Hurdaide made 3 successive attacks on
the tribe (1609-10), the last time with 50
mounted Spaniards and 4,000 Indian
allies, but was defeated and forced to re-
treat each time. The Yaqui made over-
tures of peace, a treaty with the Spaniards
was made in 1610, and soon thereafter
missionaries began to visit them. Perez
de Ribas, a missionary among them be-
tween 1624 and 1644, says they were then
agriculturists, cultivating not only maize,
but also cotton, which they manufactured
into cloth, especially mantles. The first
serious revolt against the Spaniards oc-
curred in 1740, and was brought on,
according to Alegre (Hist. Comp. Jesus,
ul, 273, 1842), by disputes between Span-
ish settlers and the missionaries. There
was asecond outbreak in 1764. The more
recent uprisings were in 1825, 1832, 1840,
1867, 1885, and 1901. Hrdli¢ka (Am.
Anthr., vi, 61, 1904), who speaks highly
of the capabili-
ties of the Yaqui,
says: ‘“‘This is
the only tribe on
the continent
that, surrounded
by whites from
the beginning of
their history,
have never been
fully subdued.”’
Their native
dwellings, in
which many of
them stilllive, are quadrilateral structures
of poles and reeds, or adobes and reeds or
brush, with flat or slightly sloping roofs of
grassand mud, Thesearegenerally of fair
size, with adjoining shelters where the
cooking and the otherindoor work isdone.
Their principal industries are agricul-
ture and cattle raising, and the manufac-
ture of cotton and woolen stuffs. They
also make hats and fine mats of palm leaf
and reed baskets, which they sell at Guay-
mas. Many of them are employed as la-
borers in the fields and mines. A few
ornaments, as rings, earrings, and beads,
are made from silver and other metals.
According to Hrdliéka (op. cit.,68), there
is no organization among the Yaqui, ex-
cept in that part of the tribe which lives
practically free and conducts the revolu-
tions; nor do there appear to be any
secret societies. Marriage, natal, and
mortuary ceremonies are mainly Roman
Catholic; the women marry young; the
dead are buried in graves. They hada
former custom of exchanging wives.
Their principal settlements have been
YAQUINA
YAQUI WOMEN
[B. A. B.
Bacum, Belen (with others), Bicam, Co-
cori, Huirivis, Potam, Rahun, and Torin.
Estimates of the population of the tribe
have varied widely at different dates.
The earliest guess, that for 1621, was
30,000; Zapata (1678) reported the popu-
lation of the 7 principal Yaqui pueblos
as 8,116; while in 1760, according to
Jesuit accounts, the population of 8 chief
settlements was 19,325 (Escudero Not.
Estad. Sonora y Sinaloa, 100, 1849). Es-
cudero gives the population in 1849 at
54,000 to 57,000. Stone estimated their
number in 1860 at 20,000, which Hrdlitka
considers approximately correct for 1903.
In 1906-7 the Mexican government un-
dertook a plan to overcome permanently
the hostile Yaqui by deporting them to
Tehuantepec and Yucatan, to which parts
several thousand accordingly have been
sent.
Consult Ribas, Hist. Trium. Santa Fee,
1645; Zapata (1678) in Doc. Hist. Mex.,
4th s., m1, 1857; Escudero, op. cit., 1849;
Bancroft, No. Mex. States, 1883; Stone,
Notes on the State of Sonora, 1861;
Hrdlicka, op. cit., 1904. (F. W. H.)
Cinaloa.—Hervas, Cat. Leng., I, 322,1800. Gaqui.—
Conklin, Arizona, 341, 1878. Hiaqui.—Orozco y
Berra, Geog., 58,
1864. Hyaquez.—
Rivera, Diario, leg.
1514,1736. Hyaquin.
—Bandelier, Gilded
Man, 124, 1893 (Ya-
quior). Hyaquis.—
Rivera, op. cit., leg.
1382. akim,—Cur-
tis, Am. Ind., 1, 112,
1908(Papagoname).
Ibequi.— Latham,
El. Comp. Philol.,
428, 1862. Yaquima.
—Castafieda (1596)
in Ternaux-Com-
pans, Voy., IX, 157,
1538. Yaquimis.—
Alegre, Hist. Comp. Jesus, II, 32, 1841.
Yaquina. A small tribe, but the most
important division of the Yakonan family
(q. v.), formerly living about Yaquina r.
and bay, w. Oregon. By the early ex-
plorers and writers they were classed
with the Salishan tribes to the n., but
later were shown to be linguistically inde-
pendent. The tribe is now practically
extinct. There are a few survivors, for
the greater part of mixed blood, on the
Siletz res., Oreg. According to Dorsey
(Jour. Am. Folk-lore, m1, 229, 1890)
the following were villages of the Ya-
quina: On the n. side of Yaquina r.:
Holukhik, Hunkkhwitik, Iwai, Khais-
huk, Khilukh, Kunnupiyu, Kwaulai,
shauik, Kyaukuhu, Kyuwatkal, Mipshun-
tik, Mittsulstik, Shash, Thlalkhaiun-
tik, Thlekakhaik, Tkhakiyu, Tshkitshi-
auk, Tthilkitik, Ukhwaiksh, Yahal, Yik-
khaich. On thes. side of the river: At-
shuk, Chulithltiyu, Hakkyaiwal, Hathle-
tukhish, Hitshinsuwit, Hiwaitthe, Kaku,
Khaiyukkhai, Khitalaitthe, Kholkh,
Khulhanshtauk, Kilauutuksh, Kumsuk-
BULL. 50]
wum, Kutshuwitthe, Kwaitshi, Kwilaish-
auk, Kwulchichicheshk, Kwullaish,
Kwullakhtauik, Kwutichuntthe, Mulsh-
intik, Naaish, Paiinkkhwutthu, Pikiiltthe,
Pkhulluwaaitthe, Pkuuniukhtauk, Puunt-
thiwaun, Shilkhotshi, Shupauk, Thlek-
wiyauik Thlelkhus, Thlinaitshtik,
Thlukwiutshthu, Tkulmashaauk, Tuhau-
shuwitthe, Tulshk.
Iakon.—Hale, Ethnog. and Philol., 218, 1846.
Jacon.—Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc.,
11, 99, 1848. Jakon.—Ibid., 17. Sa-akl.—Gatschet,
Nestucca_ MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1877 (Nestucca
name). Sis’-qin-me’ ytinné.—Dorsey, Chetco MS.
yocab., B. A. E., 1884 (Chetco name). Sovthern
Killamuk. Hale; op. cit., 198 (falsely so called).
Tacoon.—Framboise quoted by Gairdner (1835)
in Jour. Geog. Soc. Lond., x1, 255, 1841. pe
yakon amim.—Gatschet, Lakmiut MS., BAC E.,
105 (Lakmiut name). Yacona Indians.—Ind. Aff.
Rep., 164, 1850. Yacone.—Wilkes, West. Am.,
88, 1849. Yacons.—Domenech. Deserts, I, map,
1860. Yah-quo-nah.—Metcalfe in Ind. Aff. Rep.,
357, 1857. Yakon.—Gatschet in Beach, Ind. Misc.,
441, 1877. Yakona.—Gatschet in Globus, XxXv,
no. 11, 168, 1879. Yakonah.—Gibbs, Obs. on Coast
Tribes of Oreg., MS., B. A. E. Yakone.—Hale, op.
cit., 218. Ya-yun’/-ni-me’ yinné.—Dorsey, Tutu
MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1894 (Tutu name). Ye-
k‘u/-na-me’-zunné. —Dorsey, Naltfinnettinné MS.
vocab., B. A. E., 1884 (Naltunne name). Youico-
mes.—Domenech, op. cit., I, 445. Youicone.—
Drake, Bk. Inds., xii, 1848. Youikcones.—Lewis
and Clark Exped., wu, 473, 1814. Youikkone.—
Amer. Pioneer, II, 192, 1843. Youkone.—Lewis
and Clark, op. cit., 118. Yd-kwin’-4.—Dorsey,
Alsea MS. vocab. , B. A. E., 1884 (Alsea name).
Yu-kwin’-me’ ytinné.—Dorsey, Coquille MS.vocab.,
B. A. E., 1884 (Coquille name).
Yarahatssee ( Ya-ra-hats’-see, ‘tall tree’ ).
A clan of the Hurons (q. v.).—Morgan,
Ane. Soc., 153, 1877.
Yascha. The Coral Bead clan of San
Felipe pueblo, N. Mex.
Yascha-hano.—Hodge in Am. Anthr., Ix, 349, 1896
(hano= ‘ people’).
Yastling ( Yasx/i/7i). A Haida town of
the Koetas family, formerly in Naden har-
bor, Graham id., Queen Charlotte ids.,
Brit. Col. —Swanton, Cont. Haida, 281,
1905.
Yatanocas. One of the 9 Natchez vil-
lages in 1699.—Iberville in Margry, Déc.,
Iv, 179, 1880.
Yatasi. A tribe of the Caddo confed-
eracy, closely affiliated in language with
the Natchitoch. They are first spoken
of by Tonti, who states that in 1690 their
village was on Red r. of Louisiana, Nn. w.
of the Natchitoch, where they were living
in company with the Natasi and Choye.
Bienville and St Denys, during their Red
r. trip in 1701, made an alliance with the
Yatasi and henceforward the tribe seems
to have been true to the friendship then
sealed. The road frequented by travel-
ers from the Spanish province to the
French settlements on Red r. and at New
Orleans passed near their village. Dur-
ing the disputes incident to the uncertain
boundary line between the Spanish and
the French possessions and to the Spanish
restrictions on intertrade, they proved
their steadfastness to the French interests
3456—Bull. 30, pt 2—07 63
YARAHATSSEE—YATZA
993
by refusing to comply with the Spanish
demand to close the road. The Indians
maintained that ‘‘the road had always
been theirs’? and that it should remain
open. St Denys’ invitation to the vari-
ous tribes dwelling in the vicinity of
the post and fort established among the
Natchitoch in 1712-14 to settle near by
under his protection was opportune, for
the Chickasaw were then waging war
along Red r. and the Yatasi were among
the sufferers. A part of the tribe sought
refuge with the Natchitoch, while others
fled up the river to the Kadohadacho and
to the Nanatsoho and the Nasoni. The
wars of the 18th century and the intro-
duction of new diseases, especially small-
pox and measles, had such an effect on
the Yatasi that by 1805, according to
Sibley, they had become reduced to 8
men and 25 women and children. This
remnant was then living in a village mid-
way between the Kadohadacho and the
Natchitoch, surrounded by French set-
tlements. In 1826 (U. S. Ind. Treat.,
465, 1826) they numbered 26 on Red r.
Little more than the name of the Yatasi
now survives, and those whoclaim descent
from the tribe live with the Caddo on the
Wichita res. in Oklahoma. (A. ¢. F.)
Yactachés.—Bienville (1700) in Margry, Déc., vr
438, 1880. Yallashee.—Warden, Account of U.S.,
Ill, 551, 1819. Yaltasse.—U.S. Ind. Treat., 465, 1826.
Yatace.—Pénicaut (1717) in Margry, Déc., v, 547,
1883. Yatacez.—-Ibid.,504. Yatache.—Tonti (1690)
in French, Hist. Coll. La., 1,72, 1846. Yatachez.—
Carte de Taillée des Possess. Anglaises, 1777.
Yatase.—La Harpe (1719) in French, Hist. Coll.
La., 111, 18, 1851. Yatasees.—Pénicaut (1714),
ibid., n. s., I, 122, 1869. Yatasi.—Espinosa (1746)
quoted by Buschmann, Spuren, 417, 1854.
Yatasie.— Bull. Soc. Geog. Mex., 504, 1869.
Yatasse.—Bruyére (1742) in Margry, Déc., vi, 486,
1886. Yatassee. —Boudinot, Star in the West,
129, 1816. Yatasséz.—Tex. State Arch., Nov. 17,
1763. Yatassi.—Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., I, 43,
1884. Yatay.—La Harpe (1719) in Margry, Déc., VI,
255, 1886. Yattapo.—Porter (1829) in Schoolcraft,
Ind. Tribes, 111,596,1853. Yattasaees.—Balbi, Atlas
Ethnog., 54, 1826. Yattasces.—Brackenridge,
Views of La., 80,1815. Yattasees. —Pénicaut (1701)
in French, Hist. Coll. La., n. s., I, 73, 1869. Yat-
tasie.—Schermerhorn (1812) in Mass. Hist. Coll.,
2d s., Il, 24, 1814. Yattassees.—Sibley, Hist.
Sketches, 67, 1806.
Yatcheethinyoowuc (Wood Cree: Ayd-
tchithiniwik, ‘foreign men,’ ‘foreigners.’ —
Lacombe.) A name applied indiscrimi-
nately by the Cree to all tribes w. of
themselves and the Assiniboin, in Can-
ada. It has no ethnic s significance.
Jatche-thin-juwuc.—Egli, Lexicon, 532, 1880. Yat-
cheé-thin-yoowue.—Franklin, Narr., 108, 1823.
Yatokya. The Sun clan of the pueblo
of Zuni, N. Mex.
Yi/tok‘ya-kwe. —Cushing in 13th Rep. B. A. E.,
368, 1896 (kwe=‘ people’).
Yatza (‘knife’). An important camp-
ing place on the n. coast of Graham id.,
between North id. and Virago sd., Brit.
Col. A house or two were erected here
and potlatches were held for the purpose,
which circumstances led Dawson (Q.
994
Charlotte Ids., 1628, 1880) to suppose it
was a new town. (J. B. 8.)
Yaudanchi. The Yokuts (Mariposan)
tribe on Tule r., s. central Cal., that for-
merly occupied the region about Porter-
ville, the present Tule River res., and
the headwaters of the river. They are
now on Tule River res., together with the
Yauelmanior ‘‘Tejon’’ Indians and rem-
nants of other Yokuts tribes. (A.L.K.)
Nuchawayi.—A. L. Kroeber, inf’n, 1903 (‘moun-
taineers,’ or ‘easterners’: name given by plains
tribes about Tulare lake; plural form; not re-
stricted to Yauelmani). Nuta.—Ibid. (the
same; singular form). Olanches.—Taylor in
Cal. Farmer, June 8, 1860. Yaudanchi.—Kroeber
in Univ. Cal. Pub., 11, 171, 1907 (own name, sin-
gular). Yaulanchi.—Ibid. (name applied by most
of their neighbors). Yawédén’tshi.—Hofiman
in Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., XXIII, 302, 1886.
Yawédmo/ni.—Ibid., 301 (Wikchumni name),
Yoednani.—Kroeber, inf’n, 1903 (pl. form of Yau-
dimni.) Yolanchas.— Bancroft, Nat. Races, I,
456, 1882. Yowechani.—Kroeber in Uniy. Cal.
Pub., 1, 171, 1907 (own name, plural).
Yauelmani. A Yokuts (Mariposan)
division formerly living on Bakersfield
plain and removing thence to Kern lake,
Cal. The survivors, numbering 50 or
more, are now on the Tule River res.
Yauelmani.—Kroeber in Univ. Cal. Pub., II, 279
et seq., 1907. Yow’-el-man’-ne.—Merriam in
Science, x1x, 916, June 15, 1904.
Yauko (Ya/-u-kd). A former Maidu
village about 7 m. N. E. of Chico, in the
N. part of Butte co., Cal.—Dixon in Bull.
Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xvi1, map, 1905.
Yaunyi. The extinct Granite clan of
Sia pueblo, N. Mex.
Yaun-ni.—Stevenson in 11th Rep. B. A. E., 19,
1894. Ydaunyi-hano.—Hodge in Am. Anthr., 1x,
352, 1896. (hdno = ‘people’).
Yaupon. See Black drink, Yopon.
Yavapai (said to be from enyaéva ‘sun,’
pai ‘people’: ‘people of the sun’). A
Yuman tribe, popularly known as Apache
Mohave and Mohave Apache, i. e., ‘ hos-
tile or warlike Mohave.’ According to
Corbusier, the tribe, before its removal
to the Rio Verde agency in May 1873,
claimed as its range the valley of the
Rio Verde and the Black mesa from Salt
r. as far as Bill Williams mt., w. Ariz.
They then numbered about 1,000. Ear-
lier they ranged much farther w., appear-
ing to have had rancherias on the Rio Colo-
rado; but they were chiefly an interior
tribe, living s. of Bill Williams fork as
far as Castle Dome mts., above the Gila.
In the spring of 1875 they were placed
under San Carlos Apache agency, where,
in the following year, they numbered
618. Dr Corbusier described the Yava-
pai men as tall and erect, muscular, and
well proportioned. The women are
stouter and have handsomer faces than
the Yuma. Cuercomache was mentioned
in 1776 asa Yavapai rancheria or divi-
sion. In 1900 most of the tribe drifted
from the San Carlos res. and settled in
part of their old home on the Rio Verde,
including the abandoned Camp McDowell
YAUDANCHI—YAVAPAI
[B. A. B.
military res., which was assigned to their
use Nov. 27, 1901, by the Secretary of
the Interior until Congress should take
final action. By 1903 these were said to
number between 500 and 600 (but prob-
ably including Yuma and Apache), scat-
tered in small bands trom Camp Me-
Dowell to the head of the Rio Verde
By Executive order of Sept. 15, 1903, the
old reservation was set aside for their use,
the claims of the white settlers being pur-
chased under act of Apr. 21, 1904. Here
they are making some progress in Civi-
lized pursuits, but in 1905 the ravages of
tuberculosis were reported to be largely
responsible for a great mortality, the
deaths exceeding the births 4 to 1. In
1906 there were officially reported 465
‘‘Mohave Apache”’ at Camp McDowell
and Upper Verde valley, Ariz., and 55 at
San Carlos, a total of 520. In 1910 there
were 178 Mohave Apache and Yavapai
under the Camp McDowell school, 282
under the Camp Verde school, and 89
under the San Carlosschool. (H.W. #H.)
Apache Mohaves.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1869, 92, 1870.
Apache-Mojaoes.—Bourke, Moquis of Ariz., 80, 1884
(misprint). Apache-Mojaves.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1864,
21, 1865. Apdaches.—Garcés (1775-76), Diary, 446,
1900 (so called by Spaniards). Cruzados —Ofate
(1598) in Doc. Inéd., Xvi, 276, 1871 (probably
identical; see Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers,
III, 109, 1890). Dil-zha.—White, MS. Hist. Apa-
ches, 1875 (‘Indians living where there are red
ants’: Apache name). E-nyaé-va Pai.—Ewing in
Great Divide, 203, Dec. 1892 (=‘Sun people,’ be-
cause they were sun-worshippers). Gohiun.—ten
Kate, Synonymie, 5, 1884 (Apache name, ct.
Tulkepaia). Har-dil-zhays.—White, MS. Hist.
Apaches, B. A. E., 1875 (Apache name). Inya-
vapé.—Harrington in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, XXI,
324, 1908 (Walapai name). Jum-pys.—Heint-
zelman (1853) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 34th Cong.,
3d sess., 44, 1857. Kohenins.—Corbusier in Am.
Antiq., VIII, 276, 1886 (Apache name). Ku-we-
vé-ka pai-ya.—Corbusier, Yavapai MS., B. A. E., 27,
1873-75 (own (?) name; so called because they live
to the south). Nyavapai.—Corbusier in Am.
Antiq., VIII, 276, 1886. Nyavi Pais.—Ewing in
Great Divide, 203, Dec. 1892. Taros.—Garcés (1775-
76), Diary, 446, 1900 (Pima name). Tubessias.—
Ruxton misquoted by Ballaert in Jour. Ethnol,
Soe. Lond., I, 276, 1850. Yabapais.—Whipple in
Pac. R. R. Rep., 111, pt. 3, 103, 1856. Yabijoias.—Pike,
Exped., 3d map, 1810. Yabipaees.— Humboldt,
Pers. Narr., 111, 286,1818. Yabipais.—Garcés (1775-
76), Diary, 446, 1900 (Mohave name). Yabipaiye.—
ten Kate, Reizen in N. A., 198, 1885. Yabipay.—
Hinton, Handbook Ariz., map, 1878. Yabipias.—
Humboldt, Atlas Nouvelle-Espagne, carte 1, 1811.
Yah-bay-paiesh.— Whipple in Pac. R. R. Rep., Il,
pt. 3, 99, 1856 (given as Maricopa name for
Apache). Yalipays.—Hinton, op. cit., 28. Yam-
pai 0.—Whipple, Exp’n San Diego to the Colorado,
17,1851. Yampais.—Eastman map (1853) inSchool-
craft, Ind. Tribes, rv, 24-25, 1854. Yampaos.—Whip-
ple in Pac. R. R. Rep., 11, pt. 3, 103, 1856.
Yampas.—Bell in Jour. Ethnol. Soe. Lond., 1,
243, 1869. Yampay.—MOllhausen, Tagebiich, II,
167, 1858. Yampi.—Thomas, Yuma MS. vocab.,
B. A. E., 1868. Yampias.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
Jan. 31, 1862. Ya-pa-piicHeintzelman (1853) in
H. R. Ex. Doe: 76, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 44, 1857.
Yavapaias.—Corbusier in Am. Antiq., VIII, 276,
1886. Yava-pais—Dunn in Ind. Aff. Rep., 128,
1865. Yavape.—Corbusier in Am. Antiq., VIII,
276, 1886. Yavapies.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 109, 1866.
Yavipais.—Arricivita, Cron. Serafica, 471, 1792.
Yavipay.—Escudero, Not. Estad. de Chihuahua,
228, 1834. Yévepays.—Harrington in Jour. Am.
Folk-lore, XX1, 324, 1908 (own name). Yubipias.—
BULL. 30]
Disturnell, Map Méjico, 1846, Yubissias.—Ruxton
in Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., 11, 95, 1850 (misprint).
Yun-pis. —Heintzelman (1853) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76,
34th Cong., 3d sess., 38, 1857. Yupapais.—Ind. Aff.
Rep., 156, 1864. Yurapeis.—Ibid., 109, 1866.
Yawilchine. A Yokuts (Mariposan)
tribe, not further identifiable, probably
living formerly between Kaweah and Tule
rs., Cal. They joined with other tribes
in ceding lands to the United States under
the treaty of May 30, 1851, when they were
placed on a reserve. In 1882 the Yawit-
shenni were mentioned as on Tule River
res. The word may be only a dialectic
synonymof Yaudanchi, plural Yowechani
for Yowedchani, which in certain dialects
would become Yowelchani. (A. L. K.)
Yah-wil-chin-ne.—Johnston in Sen. Ex. Doe. 61,
32d Cong., Ist sess., 23,1852. Ya-wil-chine.—Royce
in 18th Rep., B. A. E., 782, 1899. Ya-wil-chuie.—
Barbour in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d Cong., spec. sess.,
255, 1853. Yawitshénni.—Hoffman in Proc. Am.
Philos. Soc , XXIII, 301, 1886. Yoelchane.—Wes-
sells (1853) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 34th Cong., 3d
sess., 32, 1857.
Yawpan. See Black drink, Yopon.
Yayahaye. .A Maricopa rancheria on
the Rio Gila, Ariz., in 1744.—Sedelmair
(1744) cited by Bancroft, Ariz. and N.
Mex., 366, 1889.
Yayaponchatu. A traditional people
who once lived in a single village n. of
Oraibi, N. e. Ariz. In Hopi story they
are said to have been in league with
supernatural forces, and by means of fire
to have destroyed the villages of Pivan-
honkapi and Hushkovi, at the instance
of the chief of the former, because his
people had become degenerate through
gambling.—Voth, Traditions of the Hopi,
241, 1905.
Yayatustenuggee. See Great Mortar.
Yazoo (meaning unknown). An ex-
tinct tribe and village formerly on lower
Yazoor., Miss. Like all the other tribes
on this stream, the Yazoo were small in
number. The people were always closely
associated with the Koroa, whom they
resembled in employing an r in speaking,
unlike most of the neighboring tribes.
The French in 1718 erected a fort 4 lea-
gues from the mouth of Yazoo r. to
guard that stream, which formed the
waterway to the Chickasaw country.
In 1729, in imitation of the Natchez, the
Yazoo and Koroa rose against the French
and destroyed the fort, but both tribes
were finally expelled (Shea, Cath. Miss.,
430, 449, 1855) and probably united with
the Chickasaw and Choctaw. Whether
this tribe had any connection with the
West Yazoo and East Yazoo towns among
the Choctaw isnot known. See Gatschet,
Creek Migr. Leg., 1, 1884.
Hiazus.—Rafinesquein Marshall, Ky.,1,introd.,28,
1824. Jakou.—Gravier (1700) in Shea, Early Voy.,
133, 1861. Jason.—French, Hist. Coll. La.,1,47,1816.
Oatsees.— Martin, Hist. La., 1, 249,1827. Yachou.—
Iberville (1699) in Margry, Déc., Iv,179, 1880. Ya-
choux.—Charlevoix (1721) in French, Hist. Coll.
La., Ill, 132, 1851. Yalaas.—Charlevoix (1774),
New France, vi, 39, 1872 (probably identical).
YAWILCHINE—-YECORA
995
Yasones.—Morse, N. Am., 254, 1776. Yasons.—
Baudry des Loziéres, Voy. La., 242, 1802.
Yasoos.—Kafinesque, op cit. Yasou. —_La Métairie
(1682) in French, Hist. Coll. La., 11, 22, 1875.
Yasoux.—Pénicaut (1700) in Margery, Déc., v, 401,
1883. Yasoves.— Alcedo, Dic. Geog., v, 394, 1789.
Yassa.—Coxe, Carolana, map, 1741. Yassaues.—
Ibid. Yassouees.—Ibid.,10. Yastis.—Hervas, Idea
dell’ Universo, xviI, 90, 1784. Yazoos.—Dumont
in French, Hist. Coll. La., v, 72, 1858. Yazous.—
Vater, Mithridates, 111, sec.3, 245, 1816. Yazoux.—
Dumont, La., I, 135, 1753.
Yazoo (or Yashu). A former impor-
tant Choctaw town, belonging to the
Uklafalaya, situatedin Neshobaco., Miss.,
near the headwaters of Oktibbeha cr.
The site is still called Yazoo Old Town.
Tecumseh visited this place in the fall of
1811. It is often mentioned in Govern-
ment records and was the town where
the commissioners ‘appointed to investi-
gate the Choctaw claims under the 14th
article of the treaty of Dancing Rabbit
cr. held their sessions from Apr. 6 to Aug.
24, 1843. It was sometimes called West
Yazoo to distinguish it from another
town of the name. —Halbert in Pub. Miss.
Hist. Soc., v1, 427, 1902.
Octibea.—Alcedo, Dic. Geog., 111. 365, 1788. Oktib-
beha.—Romans, Florida, I, 313, 1775. Old Yazoo
Village.—Claiborne (1843) in Sen. Doc. 168, 28th
Cong., Ist sess., 42, 1844. West Yaso.—Romans,
Florida, map, 1775. Yahshoo.—Adair, Am. Inds.,
339, 1775. Yashoo.—Ibid., 297. Yazoo Old Village.—
Claiborne, op. cit., 41. Yazoo Village. a aaeiew
ibid., 42.
Yazoo Skatane ( Yashu IJskitini, ‘little
Yazoo’). A former Choctaw town on
both banks of Yazoo er., an affluent of
Petickfa er., on the n. side, in Kemper
co., Miss. It extended up Yazoo cr. for
about a mile to where there is an im-
portant fork. It was called East Yazoo
Skatane by Romans to distinguish it from
Yazoo (q. v.).—Halbert in Pub. Miss.
Hist. Soc., v1, 422-23, 1902.
East Yasoo.—Romans, Florida, 80, 1775.
Ybdacax. A tribenamed in1708 ina list
of those which had been metor heard of nv.
of San Juan Bautista mission, on the lower
Rio Grande ( Fr. Isidro Felix de Espinosa,
‘*Relacion Compendiosa’’ of the Rio
Grande missions, MS. in archives of College
of Santa Cruz de Querétaro). (H. E. B.)
Ye. The Lizard clan of the Tewa
pueblos of San Juan and San Ildefonso,
N. Mex.
Yétd6a.—Hodge in Am. Anthr.,
(td6a=‘people’).
Yecora. A pueblo of the Opataand seat
of a Spanish mission founded in 1673,
situated in Nn. E. Sonora, Mexico, prob-
ably on Rio Soyopa. Pop. 356 in 1678,
197 in 1730.
Icora.—Alegre in Bancroft, No. Mex. States, 1, 523,
1884 (probablyidentical). San Ildefonso Yecora.—
Zapata (1678), ibid., 245. Yecora.—Rivera (1730),
IX, 351, 1896
ibid., 513. ecori.—Orozeo y Berra, Geog., 343,
1864.
Yecora. A pueblo of the Nevome on
an upper tributary of Rio Wages about
lat. 28° 10’, lon. 108° 30’, Sonora, Mex-
ico.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., 351, 1864,
996
Yehl (‘raven’). One of the two main
divisions or phratries of the Tlingit (q. v.)
of the Alaskan coast. (J. RB. 8.)
Yehlnaas-hadai ( Ye’? na/as xa/da-i, ‘Ra-
ven-house people’). Asubdivision of the
Yaku-lanas, a Haida family of the Raven
clan, probably named from one house,
although they occupied a large part of
the town of Kweundlas.—Swanton, Cont.
Haida, 272, 1905.
Yatl nas: had’a’i.—Boas, Fifth Rep. N. W. Tribes
Can., 26, 1889.
Yehuh. According to Lewis and Clark
(Exped., u, 472, 1814) a Chinookan
tribe living in 1806 just above the Cas-
cades of Columbia r. Nothing more is
known of them. See Watlala.
Wey-eh-hoo.—Gass, Journal, 1807, p.199. Yehah.—
Bancroft, Nat. Races, I, 317, 1874. Yehhuh.—
Lewis and Clark Exped., 11, 236, 1814.
Yekolaos. One of the two Cowichan
tribes on Thetis id., off thes. rE. coast of
Vancouver id., Brit. Col. If identical
with the Tsussie of the Canadian Reports
on Indian Affairs, the population was 53
in 1904.
Tsussie.—Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 11 66,1902. Yéqolaos.—
Boas, MS., B. A. E., 1887.
Yellow Lake. A Chippewa village, es-
tablished about 1740 on Yellow lake,
Burnett co., Wis.—Warren (1852) in
Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., v, 171, 1885.
Yellow Liver Band. An unidentified
Sioux band, named from its chief, and
numbering 60 lodges when brought to
Ft Peck agency in Aug. 1872.—H. R.
Ex. Doc. 96, 42d Cong., 3d sess., 15, 1873.
Yellow Thunder ( Wa-kun-cha-koo-kah).
A Winnebago chief, said to have been
born in 1774, died in 1874. Prior to 1840
the Winnebago occupied the country sur-
rounding L. Winnebago and Green bay,
Wis. When it was determined to remove
the Indians to a new reservation in N. E.
Iowa and s. £. Minnesota, Yellow Thun-
der, with others of his tribe, was per-
suaded to visit Washington and ‘‘ get
acquainted with the Great Father.”
Here, on Nov. 1, 1837, they were induced
to sign a treaty ceding to the United States
all their lands &. of the Mississippi, and
providing for their removal to the W.
within eight months. The Indians
claimed that they were misled into be-
lieving that they had eight yearsin which
to make the change, consequently at the
expiration of the stipulated time they
were unwilling togo. In 1840 troops were
sent to Portage to remove the Indians by
force, and Yellow Thunder, through a
false report that he intended to revolt,
was put in chains; he was soon released,
however, and the removal was effected
without further trouble. Within a year
Yellow Thunder and his wife reappeared
at their old home and entered a tract of
40 acres as a homestead on the w. side of
Wisconsin r. about 8 mn. above Portage.
Here he lived quietly until his death in
YEHL—YENNIS
[B. A. B.
Feb. 1874. Yellow Thunder was greatly
respected by his people; he was an able
counsellor in their public affairs, indus-
trious, temperate, and a zealous Catholic.
His portrait, painted by S. D. Coates, is
in the gallery of the Wisconsin Historical
Society, and a monument to his memory
has been erected a few miles nv. of Bara-
boo, Wis.
(wisconsi N HISTORICAL society)
YELLOW THUNDER.
Yellow Thunder. A former Winnebago
village, named after its chief, at Yellow
Banks, Green Lake co., Wis.—Whittle-
sey (1854) in Wis. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1, 74,
repr. 1903.
Yellow Wolf. A local band of the
Cheyenne in 1850. (J. M.)
Yelmus. A village, presumably Costa-
noan, whose inhabitants are mentioned
as at San Juan Bautista and Dolores mis-
sions, Cal.
Yelamu’.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861
(at Dolores mission). Yelmus.—Engelhardat,
Franciscans in Cal., 398, 1897 (at Sap Juan Bau-
tista mission). ;
Yelovoi (Russian: ‘spruce’). A Kani-
agmiut Eskimo village on Spruce id., Ko-
diak group, Alaska; pop. 78 in 1880.—
Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 28, 1884.
Yendestake. A Tlingit village at the
mouth of Chilkat r., Alaska, with 171
inhabitants in 1880. According to Em-
mons it is now occupied only in summer.
Jendestake.—Krause, Tlinkit Ind., 100, 1885. Tin-
destak.—Wright, Alaska, 224, 1883. Yénde’staq!é.—
Swanton, field notes, B. A. E., 1904. Y’hindas-
tachy.—Willard, Life in Alaska, 301, 1884. Yon-
destuk.—Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 31, 1884.
_ Yennis (‘good place’). A Clallam vil-
lage at Port Angeles or False Dungeness,
on Fueastr., N. w. Wash. Eells reported
BULL. 30]
about 35 Indians around Port Angeles in
1887.
Dungeness.—Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., 1, 429, 1855
(should be False Dungeness; see Cont. N. A.
Ethnol., I, 177, 1877). I-eh-nus.—Kane, Wand, in
N. A., 229, 1859. I-e’-nis.—Eells, letter, B. A. E.,
May 21, 1886. Tinnis.—Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep.,
I, 429, 1855 (misprint). Yennis.—Treaty of 1855 in
U. 8. Ind. Treaties, 800, 1878.
Yenyedi ( Yényé’di, ‘mainland people’ ).
A Tlingit division on Taku inlet, Alaska,
belongingtothe Wolf phratry. (J.R.8.)
Yenyohol. Mentioned by Oviedo ( Hist.
Gen. Indies, 111, 628, 1853) as a province
or village visited by Ayllon, probably on
the South Carolina coast, in 1520. Inthe
Documentos Inéditos (xrv, 506, 1870) the
name is spelled Yenyochol.
Yepachic. (Tarahumare: yépd ‘snow,’
chik ‘place of.’) A rancheria on the ex-
treme headwaters of the Rio Aros, a
tributary of the Yaqui, in w. Chihuahua,
Mexico. It seemingly was originally a
Tarahumare settlement, but in 1902 was
inhabited by Mexicans and about 20 Ne-
vyome, or Southern Pima, with a half-
caste Tarahumare as its presidente.—
Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., 1, 124-128,
1902.
Santiago Yepachic.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., 324,
864.
Yesheken (J) @ceqen). A division of
the Nanaimo on the bf. coast of Vancou-
ver id., Brit. Col.—Boas in 5th Rep. N. W.
Tribes Can., 32, 1889.
Yesito. A former village, probably
Caddoan, near and presumably connected
with the Yatasi on Red r. in n. w. Loui-
siana at the close of the 17th century.
Iberville (1699) in Margry, Déc., rv,
178, 1880.
Yeunaba. A Costanoan village situated
in 1819 within 10 m. of Santa Cruz mis-
sion, Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr.
5, 1860.
Yeunata. A Costanoan village situated
in 1819 within 10 m. of Santa Cruz mis-
sion, Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr.
5, 1860.
Yeunator. A Costanoan villagesituated
in 1819 within 10 m. of Santa Cruz mis-
sion, Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr.
5, 1860.
Yguases, An unidentified Texas tribe
with whom Cabeza de Vaca lived during
his stay in Texas in 1527-34. They dwelt
inland from the Guaycones and s. E. of
the Atayos. The buffalo herds reached
theircountry, but the people used the skins
mainly for robes and moccasins. They are
spoken of as a well-formed, symmetrical
people, good archers, and great runners.
They hunted the deer by running the
animal down. Cabeza de Vaca speaks of
their using ‘‘bucklers’”’ of buffalo hide.
Their houses were of mats placed upon
four hoops. When moving camp the
mats were rolled in a bundle and carried
on the back. The men perforated the lip
YENYEDI—YMUNAKAM
997
and the nipple, and wore a reed thrust
through the openings. They planted
‘*nothing from which to profit’’ and sub-
sisted mainly on roots, frequently suffer-
ing long fasts. During these painful
periods they bade Cabeza de Vaca ‘‘not
to be sad, there would soon be prickly-
pears,’’ although the season of this fruit
of the cactus might be months distant.
When the pears were ripe the people
feasted and danced and forgot their
former privations. They destroyed their
female infantsto prevent them being taken
by their enemies and thus becoming the
means of increasing the latter’s numbers.
They seem to have been more closely re-
lated by custom to tribes near the coast,
like the Karankawa, than to the agricul-
tural people toward the nN. and w. So far
as known thetribeisextinct. (A. c. FP.)
Iguaces.—Barcia, Historiadores, I, 20, 1749. Igua-
ses.—Ibid., 19. Yeguaces.—Ibid., 19, 20. Yegua-
ses.—Davis, Span. Cong. N. Mex., 82, 1869.
Yeguaz.—Cabeca de Vaca, Smith trans., 180, 1871.
Yeguazes.—Ibid., 62,1851. Yguaces.—Barcia, His-
toriadores, I, 28,1749. Yguases.—Cabeca de Vaca,
op. cit., 92, 1871. Yguazes.—Ibid., 102, 136.
Yiikulme. A former Maidu village on
the w. side of Feather r., just below the
village of Hoako, in the present Sutter
co., Cal. (R. B. D.)
Coolmehs.—Powers in Overland, Mo., x11, 420,
1874. Kul’-meh.—Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol.,
111, 282, 1877. Yiikulme.—Dixon in Bull. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist., xvu, map, 1905. :
Yikkhaich. A Yaquina village on the
n. side of Yaquina r., nearly opposite the
site of the present Elk City, Oreg.
Lickawis.—Lewis and Clark Exped., 11, 118, 1814.
Lukawis.—Ibid., 473. Lukawisse.—Am. Pioneer,
II, 189, 1848. Yi-kq‘aic’-—Dorsey in Jour. Am.
Folk-lore, 111, 229, 1890.
Yjar. Mentioned by Ofate (Doe.
Inéd., xtv, 114, 1871) as a pueblo of the
Jemez in New Mexico in 1598. It can
not be identified with the native name of
any of the ruins in the vicinity of Jemez.
Yxcaguayo.—Ofiate, op. cit., 102 (misprint combi-
nation of Yjar (Yxar) and the first two syllables
of Guayoguia, the name of another pueblo next
mentioned).
Ymacachas. One of the 9 Natchez vil-
lages in 1699.—Iberville in Margry, Déc.,
1v, 179, 1880.
Yman. A former small tribe repre-
sented at San Antonio de Valero mission,
Texas.
Ymic. A tribe given in 1708 ina list
of tribes nN. E. of San Juan Bautista mis-
sion, on the lower Kio Grande ( Fr. Isidro
Felix de Espinosa, ‘‘Relacion Compendi-
osa’’ of the Rio Grande missions, in ar-
chives of College of Santa Cruz de Queré-
taro). It may be identical with the Emet
(q. v.), or Ymat, frequently met in the
district &. of San Antonio. (H. E. B.)
Ymunakam. A _ village, presumably
Costanoan, formerly connected with San
Carlos mission, Cal. It is said to have
belonged to the Kalendaruk division.
Ymunacam.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 1860.
Yumanagan.—Ibid. (connected with Soledad
mission. )
998
Yneaopi. Mentioned by Ofiate (Doc.
Inéd., xtv, 103, 1871) as a pueblo of New
Mexico in 1598.
Yucaopi.—Bancroft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 137, 1889
(misprint).
Yodetabi. A Patwin tribe that formerly
lived at Knight’s Landing, Yolo co., Cal.
Todetabi.—Powell in 7th Rep. B. A. E., 70, 1891
(misprint). Yo-det’-a-bii—Powers in Cont. N.
A. Ethnol., 111, 219, 1877. Yodetabies.—Powers in
Overland Mo., XIII, 548, 1874.
Yodok. A former Maidu village on the
gE. bank of American r., just below the
junction of South fork, Sacramento co.,
Cal.—Dixon in Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., xvi, map, 1905.
Yogoyekaydn (‘juniper’). An Apache
band or clan at San Carlos agency and
Ft Apache, Ariz., in 1881.—Bourke in
Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 111, 112, 1890.
Yoholomicco (yahdélo, ‘hallooer,’ an ini-
tiation title; miko, ‘chief’). A Creekchief,
born on Coosar., Ga., about 1790; died in
Arkansasabout 1838. Hewas headman of
YOHOLOMICCO
Eufaula town, a warrior of prowess, and
one of the most persuasive orators in
the Creek nation. Of the party of Mac-
Intosh, he fought under Gen. Jackson
against the rebel Creeks in 1813-14, and
subsequently signed the various treaties
ceding Creek lands and agreeing to emi-
grate beyond the Mississippi. He died
of the hardships of the journey when
the removal took place, having previously
lost his chieftaincy and seat in the coun-
cil on account of his complaisance to the
whites. (F. H.)
Yojuane. A Tonkawan tribe of north-
ern and central Texas, frequently men-
tioned in 18th century Spanish records.
Since their general history, customs, and
ethnological relations are outlined under
YNCAOPI—YOJUANE
[B. A. B.
Tonkawa, only a few characteristic facts
concerning them need be given here.
The Yojuane and Tonkawa tribes were
unmistakably mentioned in 1691 by Fran-
cisco de Jesus Maria as the ‘‘ DiuJuan”’
and the ‘‘Tanqua ay,’’ among the ene-
mies of the Hasinai. It is probable that
the Ayennis, spoken of in 1698 by Talon,
and the Yakwal (‘drifted ones’ ) remem-
bered, according to Gatschet, in Tonka-
wa tradition, were the Yojuane. That
the Joyvan met by Du Rivage in 1719 on
Red r., 70 leagues above the Kadohada-
cho, were the same tribe, there is little
room for doubt (see Francisco de Jesus
Marfa, Relacién, 1691, MS.; Interroga-
tions faites 4 Pierre et Jean Talon, 1698,
in Margry, Déc., 111, 616, 1878; LaHarpe,
ibid., v1, 277, 1886; and cf. Yakwal).
Throughout the 18th century the Yojua-
ne shared the common Tonkawan hatred
for the Apache. There are indications
of an early hostility toward the Hasinai
also. For example, about 1714 (the
chronology is not clear), according to
Espinosa they burned the Neche village
and destroyed the main fire temple of the
Hasinai, confederacy. Ramon in 1716
likewise mentions them among the ene-
mies of the Hasinai (Espinosa, Crdénica
Apostélica, pt. 1, 424, 1746; Dictamen
Fiscal, MS., in Mem. de Nueva Espana,
xxvil, 193). Before the middle of the
century, however, these relations with
the Hasinai seem to have been changed,
and in the latter half of the century the
tribes frequently went together against
the Apache.
The Yojuane tribe comes most prom-
inently into notice between 1746 and
1756, in connection with the San Xavier
missions on San Gabriel r., Texas. The
four chiefs who went to San Antonio to
ask for the missions were of the ‘‘ Yojua-
nes, Deadozes, Maieyes, and Rancheria
Grande,’’ and Yojuane were among the
neophytes gathered at the missions estab-
lished as a result of that request. With
some exceptions the indications are that
by the middle of the 18th century the
tribe had moved southward with the
Tonkawa into central Texas... One of
these exceptions is the statement that
they had a village on Rio del Fierro,
between San Sabi and the Taovayas (the
Wichita r., perhaps), but that about 1759
it was destroyed by the Lipan, when the
Yojuane fled to the Tonkawa, one of
their number becoming a chief of that
tribe (Cabello to Loyola, Béxar Archives,
Province of Texas, 1786, MS.). The
village on the Rio del Fierro could not
have been the permanent residence of a
large part of the tribe, for several times
before this the Yojuane are referred to
as living near the Hasinai, who were in
E. Texas. In 1772 the Yocovane, ap-
parently the Yojuane, were included by
BULL. 30] a
Meziéres among the Tonkawa. This is
one of several indications that the Yojua-
ne tribe was absorbed by the Tonkawa
in the latter half of the 18th century.
In 1819 Juan Antonio de Padilla wrote
in his report on the Texas Indians that a
tribe of 190 people called ‘‘ Yuganis,”’
and having customs like the ‘‘Cado,”’
lived ‘‘east of Nacodoches on the Nechas
river.’’ Terdin, in 1828, called what ap-
pears to be thesame tribe the ‘‘ Yguanes.’’
These names suggest the Yojuane, whom
they may possibly have been, but it
seems improbable that they were identi-
cal (Padilla, Indios Barbaros de Texas,
1819, MS.; Terdin, Noticia, in Bol. Soe.
Geog. Mex., 269, Apr. 1870). (H. E. B.)
Ayennis.—Talon (1698) in Margry, Déc., III,
616, 1878 (identical?), DiuJuan.—Francisco de
Jesus Maria, Relacién, 1691, MS. Iacovane.—
Morfi (ca. 1782) in Mem. Hist. Tex., MS. Iojuan.—
MS. (ca.1746)in Archivo Gen. Mexico. Jojuanes,—
Solis (1768), Diario, MS. in Mem. de Nueva
Espana, XXVII, 277 (evidently a miscopy for
lojuanes). Joyvan.—LaHarpe (1719), op. cit.
Yacavanes.—Bonilla (1772) in Tex. Hist. Asso.
Quar., VIII, 66, 1905. Yocovanes.—Meziéres, MS.
Informe, 29, 1772 (identical?). Yohuane.—Arrici-
vita, Chr6énica Apostolica, pt. 11,1792. Yojuanes.—
Ramon (1716), Dict. Fiscal, op. cit. Yujuanes.—
Gabzabal (1748) letter in Mem. de Nueva Espana,
XXVIII, m1
Yokaia (‘south valley’). Animportant
division of the Pomo, formerly inhabiting
the southern part of Ukiah valley, Men-
docino co., Cal. The town and valley
of Ukiah are named from them. Not to
be confused with Yuki.
Ukiahs.—Taylor in Cai. Farmer, June 8, 1860.
Ukias.—Ibid., May 18. Ya-ki-as.—McKee (1851) in
Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d Cong., spec. sess., 144, 1853.
Yaskai.—Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, Iv, 553, 1854
(probably identical), Yohios.—Taylor in Cal.
Farmer, May 18,1860. Yo-kai-a.—Powers in Cont.
N. A. Ethnol., 111, 163, 1877. Yo-kai-a-mah.—Ibid.
Yukae.—Latham in Proc. Philol. Soe. Lond., v1, 79,
1852-3. Yukai.—Gibbs (1851) in Schoolcraft, Ind.
Tribes, II, 112, 1853. Yo-Kei.—Jenkins in Sen.
Ex. Doc. 57, 32d Cong., 2d sess., 10, 1853. Yol-
hios.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Mar. 30, 1860.
Yokeag. A corruption of Pequot-
Mohegan yolk’hig, an abbreviation of
yoR higan ‘ (what is) made soft.’ Parched
corn reduced to a very fine powder, and
sometimes mixed with maple sugar. It
is still prepared by the Pequot-Mohegan
of the Indian reservation on Thames r.,
Conn., and is sometimes sold by them to
their white neighbors, who eat it with
milk and sometimes with ice cream. See
Nocake, Rokeag. (w. BR. G.)
Yokhter. A Yurok village on lower
Klamath r., above Pekwan and below
Shregegon, but on the opposite side of the
river, in N. w. Cal.
Yau-terrh.—Gibbs (1851) in Schooleraft, Ind.
Tribes, 111, 138, 1853. Yokhter.—A. L. Kroeber,
inf’n, 1905.
Yoki ( Yo’-ki). The Rain clan of the
Patki (Cloud or Water-house) phratry
of the Hopi.—Stephen in 8th Rep.
B.A. E:, 39, 1891.
Yokol (probably a form of yokuts, or
yokuch, ‘person,’ ‘Indian’). A Yokuts
(Mariposan) tribe formerly living on Ka-
YOKAIA—YONAGUSKA
999
weah r., Cal., but now extinct. They
lived about Kaweah station, near Exeter,
Tulare co., on the s. side of the river op-
posite the Kawia. (A. L. kK.)
Yocolles.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, June 8, 1860,
Yoko.—Hoffman in Proce. Am. Philos. Soc., X XIII,
301, 1886. Yokod.—A. L. Kroeber, inf’n, 1905 (name
in Yokuts foothill dialects)..- Yokol.—Ibid. (name
in Yokuts valley dialects). Yo-kols.—Johnston in
Sen. Ex. Doe. 61, 32d Cong., 1st sess., 23, 1852.
Yo-kul.—Wessells (1853) in H. R. Ex. Doe. 76, 34th
Cong., sess., 32, 1857. Yowkies.—Purcell in Ind.
Aff. Rep., 198, 1870. Yueal.—Hale misquoted by
Bancroitt, Nat. Races, I, 451, 1874. Yukal,—Hale,
Ethnog. and Philol., 631, 1846. Yu/-kol—Powers
in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 111, 370, 1877.
Yokolimdu. A former Nishinam village
in the valley of Bear r., which is the next
stream N. of Sacramento, Cal.
Yokoalimduh.—Powers in Overland Mo., XII, 22,
1874. Yo-ko’-lim-duh.—Powers in Cont. N. A.
Ethnol., 111, 316, 1877.
Yokulme ( Yu-kul/-m2). A former
Maidu village on the w. bank of Feather
., near Starr’s Landing, Sutter co., Cal.,
with 12 inhabitants in 1856. Probably
the same as Kulme. (B82 B2D;))
Yukulmey.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, June 8, 1860.
Yukutneys.—Bancroft, Nat. Races, 1, 450, 1874.
Yokuts. See Mariposun Family.
Yolanar. Mentioned as a Creek town
(H. R. Ex. Doc. 276, 24th Cong., 300,
1836). It was more likely Seminole and
was probably a branch town of Chiaha on
Apalachicola r., Fla. Possibly the same
as the modern name Iola.
Yolo (said to mean ‘region thick with
rushes’). A Patwin tribe after which
Yolo co., Cal., was named. There were
45 of the tribe prying ts in Yolo co. in 1884.
Tolenos.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Mar. 30, 1860
(probable misprint for Yolenos). Yolays.—Ban-
croft, Nat. Races, I, 362,1874. Yolos.—Taylor in
Cal. Farmer, June 8, 1860. Yoloy.—Bancroft, Nat.
Races. I, 450, 1874 (proper form, meaning ‘a re-
gion thick with rushes’). Yoloytoy.—Bancroft,
Hist. Cal., Iv, 71, 1886.
Yonaguska (properly Yd/nt-gin’ski,
‘The bear drowns him,’ whence his
common name ‘Drowning-bear’). The
adopted father of Col. Wm. H. Thomas,
and the most prominent chief in the
history of the East Cherokee, although,
singularly enough, his name does not
occur in connection with any of the
early wars or treaties. This is due
partly to the fact that he was a peace
chief and counselor rather than a war
leader, and in part to the fact that the
isolated position of the mountain Chero-
kee kept them aloof, in a great measure,
from the tribal councils of those liv-
ing to the w. and s. In person he was
strikingly handsome, being 6 ft 3 in. in
height and strongly built, with a faint
tinge of red, due to a slight strain of
white blood on his father’s side, reliey-
ing the brown of his cheeks. In power of
oratory he is said to have surpassed any
other chief of his day. When the Cher-
okee lands on Tuckasegee r. were sold by
the treaty of 1819, Yonaguska continued
to reside on a reservation of 640 acres in -
a bend of the river a short distance above
1000
the present Bryson City, N. Car., on the
site of the ancient Kituhwa. He after-
ward moved over to Oconaluftee, and
finally, after the removal, gathered his
people about him and settled with them
on Soco er. on lands purchased for them
by Thomas. He was a prophet and re-
former as well as a chief. When about
60 years of age he had a severe illness,
terminating in a trance, during which
his people mourned him as dead. At
the end of 24 hours, however, he awoke
to consciousness and announced that he
had been to the spirit world, where he
had talked with friends who had gone
before, and with God, who had sent him
back with a message to the Indians,
promising to call him again at a later
time. From that day until his death his
words were listened to as those of one
inspired. He had been somewhat ad-
dicted to liquor, but now, on the recom-
mendation of Thomas, not only stopped
drinking himself, but organized his tribe
into a temperance society. To accom-
plish this he called his people together
in council, and, after clearly pointing out
to them the serious effect of intemper-
ance, in an eloquent speech that moved
some of his audience to tears, he declared
that God had permitted him to return to
earth especially that he might thus warn
his people and banish whisky from
among them. He then had Thomas write
out a pledge, which was signed first by
the chief and then by each one of the
council, and from that time until after
his death whisky was unknown among
the East Cherokee. Although frequent
pressure was brought to bear to induce
him and his people to remove to the W.,
he firmly resisted every persuasion, de-
claring that the Indians were safer from
aggression among their rocks and moun-
tains than they could ever be in a land
which the white man could find profit-
able, and that the Cherokee could be
happy only in the country where nature
had planted him. While counseling
peace and friendship with the white
man, he held always to his Indian faith
and was extremely suspicious of mission-
aries.
Bible translation into the Cherokee lan-
guage and alphabet, some one brought a
copy of Matthew from New Echota, but
Yonaguska would not allow it to be read
to his people until it had first been read
to himself. After listening to one or two
chapters the old chief dryly remarked:
‘‘Well, it seems to be a good book—
strange that the white people are not
better, after having had itso long.’”” He
died, aged about 80, in Apr. 1839, within
a year after the removal. Shortly before
the end he had himself carried into the
townhouse on Soco er., of which he had
YON ALUS—YOPON *
On one occasion, after the first.
[B. A. B.
supervised the building, wnere, extended
on a couch, he made a last talk to his
people, commending Thomas to them as
their chief and again warning them ear-
nestly against ever leaving their own
country. Then wrapping his blanket
around him, he quietly lay back and
died. He was buried beside Soco, about
a mile below the old Macedonia mission,
with a rude mound of stones to mark the
spot. He left two wives and consider-
able property, including an old negro
slave named Cudjo, who was devotedly
attached to him. One of his daughters,
Katalsta, still (1909) survives, and is the
last conservator of the potter’s art among
the East Cherokee. (3. M.)
Yonalus. Mentioned by Ofnate (Doc.
Inéd., xvi, 118, 1871) as a pueblo of New
Mexico in 1598. Doubtless situated in
the Salinas, in the vicinity of Abo, £. of
the Rio Grande. It seemingly pertained
to either the Tigua or the Piro.
Xonalis.—Bancroft, Ariz. and N. Mex., 135, 1889
(misprint). Yonalins—Columbus Mem. Vol., 154,
1893 (misprint. ) d
Yoncopin. See Wampapin.
Yonh (‘hickory-nut’). A Yuchi clan.
Youh taha.—Gatschet, Uchee MS., B. A. E., 71,
1885 (=‘hickory-nut gens’).
Yonkalla. The southernmost Kala-
pooian tribe, formerly living on Elk and
Calapooya crs., tributaries of Umpqua r.,
Oreg. According to Gatschet there were
two bands, called Chayankeld and Tsan-
tokayu by the Lakmiut, but it seems
likely that the former name (Tch’ Ayan-
ké/ld) is merely the native tribal name.
The tribe is probably extinct. (L. F.)
Ayankeld.—Gatschet in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, Xn,
212, 1899. Jamkallie—Latham in Jour. Ethnol.
Soe. Lond., I, 158, 1848. Tch’Ayanké’ld.—Gatschet,
Calapooya MS., B. A. E., 1877 (‘those living at
Ayankeld’: ownname). Yamkallie.—Scouler in
Jour. Roy. Geog. Soc., XI, 225,1841. Yamkally.—
Bancroft, Nat. Races, 111, 565, 1882. Yoncolla.—
McClane in Ind. Aff. Rep., 184, 1887. Yonkalla.—
Gatschet in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, x11, 212, 1899,
Youlolla.—Ind. Aff. Rep., 422, 1888.
Yonora. A former Tepehuane pueblo
in Durango, Mexico; the seat of the mis-
sion of San Miguel.
S$. Miguel Yonora.—Orozco y Berra, Geog., 318, 1864.
Yontuh (‘acorn’). A Yuchi clan.
Yontw’h taha.—Gatschet, Uchee MS., B. A. E., 71,
1885 (=‘ acorn gens’).
Yoo (‘beads’). A Navaho clan.
Yoo.—Matthews in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 111, 104,
1890.
Yopon (yaupon). (1) The Southern
traders’ name of Ilex cassine, an elegant
species of holly growing to a height of 10
ot 15 feet in close proximity to the coast.
(2) A beverage prepared trom the tor-
refied leaves, and possessing the prop-
erties of an exhilarant and gentle diuretic.
This beverage, called by the British trad-
ers ‘‘black drink’’ (q. v.), from the color
of the strong infusion, was drunk by the
Creeks at their ‘‘busk’”’ (see Busk), and
by the elders when assembled in council
BULL. 30]
or when discussing everyday topics. The
infusion was used for different purposes,
according to itsstrength. Like the leaves
of Ilex paraguayensis (maté), guayusa,
cacao, guarana, tea, and coffee, the leaves
of the holly under consideration owe their
property of a nerve excitant to the alka-
loid theine which they contain. The
inhabitants of the Southern seaboard still
annually collect and dry the leaves and
use them as tea, which, however, is op-
pressively sudorific, at least to those who
are unaccustomed to the use of it. The
name is from Catawba yopiin, a diminu-
tive of yop, ‘tree,’ ‘shrub.’ (Ww. R. G.)
Yoquibo (ydki ‘bluebird’, ivo ‘mesa’:
‘bluebird on the mesa’). A Tarahu-
mare village between the mining settle-
ments of Batopilas and Zapuri, near the
extreme headwaters of the Rio Fuerte,
in the Sierra Madre, w. Chihuahua, Mex-
ico.—Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., 1, 180,
1902.
Yoricas. A former tribe of s. Texas,
perhaps Coahuiltecan, members of which
were encountered by Fernando del
Bosque, in 1675, in company with some
of the Hapes.
Goricas.—Reyillagigedo (1793) quoted by Orozco
y Berra, Geog., 306, 1864. Goxicas.—Revillagigedo
quoted by Bancroft, Nat. Races, 1,611, 1886. Yori-
cas.—Fernando del Bosque (1675) in Nat. Geog.
Mag., XIV, 343, 1903.
Yorkjough. A Seneca village about 12
m. from Anagangaw (Honeoye, q. v.)
and about 6m. from New Genesee, proba-
bly in Livingston co., N. Y., destroyed
by Gen. Sullivan in 1779.—Livermore
(1779) in N. 1. Hist. Soc: Coll., vi, 328,
1850.
Yoroonwago. A Seneca village formerly
situated on upper Allegheny r., near the
present Corydon, Warren co., Pa. It
was one of the towns in the Seneca set-
tlement that extended for nearly 8 m.
along the Allegheny before 1779, near
the later Cornplanter (Seneca) res., N. Y.
This village is mentioned by this name
by Col. Brodhead, to whom the name
was given by John Montour. No such
name appears on any of the maps of the
period. It was probably situated at or
near the village noted on Ellicott’s map
of 1786 as Tushhanushagota (Arch. Pa.,
XI, map, 1855); it is also noted on the
Historical Map of Pennsylvania (Hist.
Soc. Pa., 1875) as Tayunchoneyu, but is
wrongly located below Conewango ( War-
ren, Pa.), whereas according to Brod-
head’s statement it was 20 m. abcve that
place. (a. P. D.)
Inshaunshagota,—Howells, map, 1792, Tayuncho-
neyu, —Hist. Map Pa., Hist.Soc. Pa. 1875. Teusha-
nushsong-goghta,—Adlum map, 1790, in Arch. Pa.,
3d_s., I, 1894. Tushhanushagota.—Ellicott map,
1786, in Arch. Pa., X1, 1855. Yahrungwago.—Brod-
head (1779), ibid., X11, 166, 1856. Yoghroonwago,—
Ibid., 156. Yoroonwago.—Hist. Map Pa., Hist.
Soc. Pa., 1875 (wrongly situated).
YOQUIBO—YOW ANI
1001
Yorotees. Given by Ker (Tray., 139,
1816) as a tribe living 80 m. s. sw. of
Red r., apparently in w. Texas, but ‘‘ona
lake called by the natives Testzapotecas,”’
and numbering 5,000. ‘The so-called tribe
is evidently imaginary.
Yotammoto. A former Maidu village
near Genesee, Plumas co., Cal.—Dixon
in Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xv11, map,
1905.
Yotlik. An Eskimo village in w. Green-
land, lat. 73° 40’.—Kane, Arct. Explor.,
1, 52, 1856.
Youahnoe. Given in John Work’s list
(Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 488, 1855)
as the name of a Kaigani town having 18
houses and 234 inhabitants in 1836-41.
It may possibly have been the summer
town of Kaigani.
Youghtanund. A tribe of the Powhatan
confederacy living on the s. bank of
Pamunkey r., Va., perhaps in Hanover
co. Pop. in 1608 estimated at about 240.
Youghtamund.—Strachey (ca. 1612) ), Va., 35, 1849.
Youghtanund.—Smith (1629), Va., I, 117, repr. 1819.
Youthtanundo.—Simons, ibid., 160.
Young Man Afraid of His Horses. A
chief of the Oglala Sioux, contemporane-
ous with Red Cloud and one of the lead-
ing lieutenants of the latter in the war of
1866 to defeat the building ofthe Montana
road through the buffalo pastures of
Powder r. His Sioux name, Tasunka-
kokipapi, is not properly interpreted; it
really means that the bearer was so potent
in battle that the mere sight of his horses
inspired fear. After the peace of 1868 he
lived at the Oglala agency and died at
Pine Ridge, 8. Dak. (D. RB.)
Youpon. See Black drink, Yopon.
Yowani (probably ‘the cutworm,’ or
‘the caterpillar’). A former important
Choctaw town on Chickasawhay r., a
mile or two s. of the modern town of
Shubuta, Clarke co., Miss. The terri-
tory belonging to it extended westward
to the eastern dividing ridge of Bogue
Homa, northward as far as Pachuta er.,
and southward perhaps as far asthe con-
fluence of Chickasawhay and Buckatunna
rs. Its eastern boundaries are unknown.
It is often mentioned by Adairand other
contemporary writers. It seems that at
one time during the 18th century it was
included among the Sixtowns people, and
the entire district was then sometimes
called Seventowns. It was perhaps in
1764 that a band of Yowani separated
from the main clan, emigrated to Louisi-
ana, and united with the Caddo, forming
the Yowani band in the Caddo tribe, an
organization nearly extinct in 1892. All
the remaining Yowani living in their
ancient territory removed in 1832, in
the second emigration, except two fam-
ilies, whose descendants still live in
Mississippi. Some Yowani Choctaw set-
1002
tled about 4 m. nN. of Lecompte, Rapides
parish, La., but the settlement was prob-
ably abandoned before 1850; others went
to the Chickasaw Nation, Ind. Ter., where
they gained a livelihood as_ trappers;
others settled between Red r. and Bayou
Natchitoches, La., while afew passed into
Texas. Consult Adair, Am. Inds., 1775;
Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., 1, 79, 1884;
Halbert (1) in Pub. Ala. Hist. Soc., Mise.
Coll., 1, 880, 1901; (2) in Pub. Miss. Hist.
Soe., 111, 370, 1900; v1, 403-410, 1902.
Ayuwani.—Gatschet, Caddo and Yatassi MS., B
A. E., 66 (Caddo name). Aywani.—Ibid. (an-
other Caddo name). Ewany.—Romans, Florida,
map, 1775. Haiowanni.—Halbert in Pub. Miss.
Hist. Soe., 432, 1902. Hewanee.—Royce in 18th
Rep. B. A. E., Miss. map, 1900. Hewanny.—Hal-
bert, op. cit. Hewhannee.—Am. State Papers,
Ind. Aff., I, 689, 1882. Heyowani.—Mooney in
14th Rep. B. A. E., 1093, 1896. Hiowanni.—Ham-
ilton in Pub. Miss. Hist. Soc., v1, 405, 1902 (quot-
ing various writers). Hiyoomannee.—Am. State
Papers, op. cit., 749. Hiyoowannee.—Ibid. Ia-
wani.—Latham, Varieties of Man, 350, 1850. Io-
wanes.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 33, 1850. Iwanies.—
Bollaert in Jour, Ethnol. Soe, Lond., 11, 265, 1850.
Tawanis.—Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond.,
103, 1856. Yauana.—Bartram, Voy., I, map, 1799.
Yoani.—Romans, Florida, 86, 312,1775. Yonanny.—
Biog. and Hist. Mem. of N. W. La., 526, 1890.
Youana.—Alcedo, Dic. Geog., Vv, 407, 1789. You-
ane.—Jefferys, French Dom. Am., map, 135, 1761.
Youané.—d’ Anvyille’s mapin Hamilton, Col. Mo-
bile, 158, 1897. Youna.—Lattré, map U. S., 1784.
Yowana.—Adair, Am. Inds., map, 1775. Yowdani.—
Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., 11, 206,1888. Yo-
wanne.—Adair, op. cit., 297.
Ypuec. A Chumashan village formerly
in Ventura co., Cal.
Hi’-puk.—Henshaw, Buenaventura MS. vocab.,
B. A. E., 1884. Ypue.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer,
July 24, 1863.
Ysbupue. A tribe named in 1708 ina
list of those which had been met or heard
of n. of San Juan Bautista mission, on the
lower Rio Grande (Fr. Isidro Felix de
Espinosa, ‘‘ Relacién Compendiosa’”’ of
the Rio Grande missions, MS. in archives
of College of Santa Cruz de Querétaro,
Mexico). (H. E. B.)
Yscanis. A tribe of the Wichita con-
federacy; they were entirely distinct
from the Asinais (Hasinai), though the
names of the two tribes have been con-
fused. It is possible that the Ysconis, or
Isconis, reported to Domingo de Mendoza
in 1684 among the tribes awaiting him
somewhere in central or E. Texas, were
the Yscanis (Mendoza, Viage, 1683-84,
MS.). In 1719 LaHarpe visited them
(the ‘‘Ascanis’’) on Canadian r., where
they were living a settled life with the
Wichita, Taovayas (Tawehash), and
Tawakoni. LaHarpe also reported an-
other village of the Ascanis 60 leagues
farther to the n. w. (Margery, Déc., v1,
293, 1886). Little more is heard of these
tribes till the middle of the 18th century,
by which time they had all moved south-
ward into n. Texas, under pressure from
their bitter enemies, the Comanche and
the Osage. Aecording to an official re-
port made in 1762, the Yscanis had been
YPUC—YSCANIS
[B. A. B.
among the numerous tribes which, about
1746, asked the missionaries at San An-
tonio for missions in central Texas. If
this be true, they were possibly the
Hiscas, or Haiscas, mentioned in docu-
ments relating to the San Xavier mis-
sions (Royal cedulas of Apr. 6, 1748, and
Mar. 21, 1752, MSS. in Archivo Gen. de
México). In 1760 Fr. Calahorra y Saenz,
of Nacogdoches, went among the Yscanis
and Tawakoni to establish peace, and
soon afterward made an unsuccessful at-
tempt to foundamission forthem. These
two tribes were at that time living close
together on a stream in nN. Texas, appar-
ently farther sx. than the place where
Meziéres found them a decade later (con-
temporary docs. in Béxar Archives).
The Yscanis took part in the peace con-
ference held by Meziéres in 1770 at the
Kadohadacho village, and two years later
they sent representatives to Béxar to
ratify the convention before the governor
of Texas. When, in 1772, Meziéres vis-
ited the tribe, they were living near the
E. bank of the Trinity, somewhere below
the present Palestine, 7 leagues r. of one
of the Tawakoni villages, and an equal
distance w. of the Kichai. The village
consisted of 60 warriors and their fami-
lies. They lived in a scattered agricul-
tural settlement, raised maize, beans,
melons, and calabashes, were closely
allied with the other Wichita tribes, whose
language they spoke, and were said by
Meziéres to be cannibals. There are in-
dications that after this the Yscanis united
with the Tawakoni, with whom they had
always been most closely associated, to
reappear, perhaps, in the 19th century,
as the Waco. In his reports of his ex-
peditions made in 1778 and 1779 to the
Wichita tribes Mezicres does not men-
tion the Yscanis, but he fully deseribes
the two Tawakoni villages, then both on’
the Brazos. Morfi, about 1782, on what
authority is not known, states that the
‘““Tuacana nation, to which are united
some 90 families of the Ixcani, occupies
two towns on the banks of the river
Brazos de Dios’’ (Mem. Hist. Tex., bk.
u, MS.). This not improbable, for al-
though the Yscanis are sometimes men-
tioned by name as late as 1794, at least,
it is always in connection with the other
Wichita tribes, and with no indication
as to their location. After 1794, so far as
has been learned, the name is not used.
But a quarter of a century later, when
the Tawakoni villages are again men-
tioned in the records (now English in-
stead of Spanish), one of them appears as
that of the Waco, a ‘name formerly un-
known in Texas, and not accounted for
by migration. The Waco may have been
the Yscanis under a new name. For
other information, see Tawakoni, Tawe-
hash, Waco, Wichita. (H. E. B.)
BULL. 30]
Haiscas.—
Ascanis.—LaHarpe (1719), op. cit.
His-
Royal cedula of 1752, op. cit. (identical?).
eas—Ibid., 1748. Hyscanis.—Kerlérec (1753),
Projet de Paix, in Jour. Soe. des Américanistes
de Paris, n. s., 111, no. 1, 72, 1900. Isconis.—Men-
doza (1684), op. cit. Ixcanis.—Morfi (ca. 1782),
op. cit. Izacanis.—Cabello, Informe, 1784, MS.
Yscan.—Gonzalez (1770), MS. letter in the Arch-
ivo Gen. Méx. Yseanes.—Melchor Afan de Ri-
vera (1768), letter to Hugo O’Conor, MS. in Béxar
Archives. Ysconis.—Mendoza (1684), op. cit.
Yta. Yuma.—Turner in Pac. R. R. Rep., 111, pt. 3, 55,
94, 101, 1856 (includes Cuchan, Coco-Maricopa,
Mojave, Diegefio); Latham in Trans. Philol. Soe.
Lond., 86, 1856; Latham, Opuscula, 351, 1860 (as
above); Latham, Opuscula, addenda, 392, 1860
(adds Cuchan to the group); Latham El. Comp.
Philol., 420, 1862 (includes Cuchan, Cocomaricopa,
Mojave, Dieguno); Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist.,
156, 1877 (mentions only U.S. members of family);
Keane in Stanford, Compend., Cent. and So. Am.,
460, 479, 1878 (includes Yumas, Maricopas, Cu-
chans, Mojaves, Yampais, Yavipais, Hualpais);
Bancroft, Nat. Races, 111, 569, 1882, =Yuma.—
Gatschet in Beach, Ind Misc., 429, 1877 (habitat
and dialects of family); Gatschet in U.S. Geog.
Surv. W. 100th Mer., vi, 413, 414, 1879. =Yuman,—
Powell in 7th Rep. B. A. E, 137, 1891. >Die-
guno.—Latham (1853) in Proc. Philol. Soe.
Lond., VI, 75, 1854 (includes mission of San Diego,
Dieguno, Cocomaricopas, Cuchani, Yumas, Ama-
quaquas). >Cochimi.—Latham in Trans. Philol.
Soc. Lond., 87, 1856 (northern part peninsula of
California); Buschmann, Spuren der aztek.
Sprache, 471, 1859 (center of California peninsula);
Latham, Opuscula, 353, 1860; Latham, El. Comp.
Philol., 423, 1862; Orozco y Berra, Geog., map,
1864; Keane in Stanford, Compend., Cent. and
So. Am., 476, 1878 (head of gulf to near Loreto).
Yumersee (misspelling of Yamasee, q.v.).
A former Seminole town at the head
of Sumulgahatchee r., 20 m. n. of St
Marks, Wakulla co., Fla. Alac Hajo was
chief in 1823.—H. R. Ex. Doc. 74, 19th
Cong., 1st sess., 27, 1826.
Yungyu. The Opuntia Cactus clan of
the Chua (Snake) phratry of the Hopi.
Yunt winwui.—Fewkesin 19th Rep. B. A. E., 582,
1900. Yu’-nu wun-wu.—Fewkes in Am. Anthr.,
VII, 402, 1894 (wuifi-wti=‘clan’). Yu/n-ya.—Stephen
in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 38, 1891.
_ Yunsawi ( Yéinsd’i, ‘buffalo place’). A
former Cherokee settlement on w. Buf-
YUMERSEE—-YUROK
[B. A. B.
falo cr. of Cheowa r., in Graham co., N. C.
Buffalo Town.—Doc. of 1799 quoted by Royce in
5th Rep., B. A. E., 144, 1887. Ydinsa’/i.—Mooney in
10th Rep. B. A. E., 547, 1900.
Yunu. A Maidu division living s£. of
Chico, Butte co., Cal.
Yuni.—Curtin, MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1885.
Yupaha. An ancient province, gov-
erned by a woman and said to have
much metal, described as lying 5. of
Apalache, in n. w Florida or s. w.
Georgia. It was heard of by De Soto in
1540, and may have been identical with
the territory of the Yuchi (q. v.).
Yupacha.—Harris, Voy. and Tray., I, 806, 1705.
Yupaha.—Gentl. of Elvas (1557) in French, Hist.
Coll. La., 11, 186, 1850. }
Yupon. See Black drink, Yopon. ;
Yupu ( Ya’-pu). A former Maidu vil-
lage on the w. bank of Feather r., on the
site of the present Yuba City, Sutter co.,
Cal. In 1850 it contained 180 inhab-
itants. The name Yuba is a corruption
of Yupu. (R. B. D.)
Bubu.—Bancroft, Nat. Races, I, 450, 1874. Ne-
vadas.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1856, 251, 1857. Ubu.—Ban-
croft, op. cit. Vubum.—Chever in Bull. Essex
Inst. 1870, I, 28, 1871. Yubas.—Day (1850) in
Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d: Cong., spec. sess., 39, 1853.
Yupi.—Curtin, MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1885.
Yuvas.—Fremont, Geog. Memoir, 22, 1848.
Yupwauremau. One of thetwo Woccon
townsin Greene co., N. C., in 1700.—Law-
son, Hist. Car. (1714), 383, 1860.
Yuquot. The principal town of the
Mooachaht, situated in Friendly cove,
Nootka sd., w. coast of Vancouver id.
In olden times it was a widely known
place, continually frequented by trading
vessels. Pop. 172 in 1904, 140 in 1910.
Moacha,—Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 2, 88,1910. Nootka.—
Jewitt, Narr., passim, 1849. Yucuatl.—Galiano,
Relacion, 117, 1802. Yuquot.—Can. Ind. Aff., 264,
1902.
Yurguimes. A former tribe of N. 5. Coa-
huila ors. Texas, perhaps Coahuiltecan. —
Doc. quoted by Orozco y Berra, Geog.,
306, 1864.
Yurok (from Karok yuruk, ‘down-
stream’). =Shinalutaoin.
Cinco Senores Busanic=Busanic.
Cinecu=Senecu del Sur.
Cinega=Cienega.
Cinelas=Conestoga.
Cingpoils=Sanpoil.
Ciniques, Ciunakee, Cinnigos=Seneca.
Cinola=Zunhi.
Cinoquipe=Sinoquipe.
Cintu-aluka=Comanche.
Ci-nyu-miih= Hopi.
Ci-o-h6-pa=Cheokhba.
Ciou, Cioux= Dakota.
Cipaulire, Ci-pau/-lo-vi=Shipaulovi.
Cipias=Tsipiakwe.
Cipoliva, Ci-pow-lovi=Shipaulovyi.
Cig! ldaptix=Shikeldaptikh.
Ciquique= Pecos.
Circe=Sarsi.
Circuic= Pecos.
Cisca=Chisca.
Cisquiouws=Karok.
Cissitons=Sisseton,
Ci’-sta kqwis’-ta, Ci’-sta qwus’-ta yanne=Chasta-
costa. ,
Ci-sta -qwit= Umpqua.
Ci-sta’/-qwit-mé’ yunné’= Knitsh.
Ci’-staé-qwit-ni’-li t’gat’ yanné= Nahankhuotane.
Cistocoote=Chastacosta.
Citasees= A tasi.
Citcumave, Ci-teum-wi=Sichomovi.
Cithinistinees=Cree.
Citico=Sitiku.
Ciuola=Zuhi.
Ci’-u-wa-ik—=Shiuwauk.
Civano Ki, Ci-vano-Qi—Casa Grande.
Civilized Farmers=Farmers’ band,
Civola, Civoli, Civona—=Zuni,
BULL. 30]
Ci/-wa-nu wun-wu=Shiwanu.
Ciwere=Chiwere.
Ci’-wi-na-kwin, Ci’-wo-na=Zuii.
Gixida=Dhighida.
Ciya=Sia.
Ciyo-subula—Shiyosubula.
Ciyo-tanka=Shiyotanka.
Ckac’-tin=Shkashtun.
Cki¢i, Ckiyi=Skidi.
C’kuet=Shkuet.
Ckio’/kEm=Shkuokem.
Ckute=Shkutch.
Qkwa-ri-ré2=Toryohne.
Cla=Sia.
Clackamas, Clackamis, Clackamos, Clackamurs,
Clack-a-mus, Clackanurs, Clackarners=Clackama.
Clacks-star, Clackstar, Clackster—Tlatskanai.
Cladsaps=Clatsop.
Clah-in-nata=Claninnatas.
Clahnahquah=Clahnaquah.
Claiakwat=Clayoquot.
Claikahak, Claikahakamut=Chnagmiut.
Claikehakamut=Claikehak.
Clakamus, Clakemas=Clackama.
Clalams=Clallam.
cr/-wa-NU wiN-wii—co ‘¢irctnti
C’la’lki=Shlalki.
Glal’-kqai-an’-tik—Thlalkhaiuntik.
Clallems=Clallam.
Clal-lu-i-is=Tlaaluis.
Clal-lums=Clallam.
Clamakum=Chimakum.
Clam-aths= Klamath.
Clamcoets=Karankawa.
Clamets=Klamath, Lutuamian Family.
Clam-nah-min-na-mun= Kathlaminimin.
Clamoctomichs, Cla-moc-to-mick’s, Cla-moi-to-micks,
Clamoitomish, Clamoitonnish=Klumaitumsh.
Clamore=Santsukdh.
Clamouths, Clamuth, Clamuts=Klamath.
Clanaminamums,Clanaminanums= Kathlaminimin,
Clanimatas=Claninnatas.
Clannahminamun=Kathlaminamin.
Clan-nah-quah, Clan-nah-queh’s Tribe of Moltno-
mah’s=Clahnaquah.
Clan-nar-min-a-mon’s, Clannarminimuns, Clan-nar-
min-na-mon, Clannarminnamuns=Kathlamini-
min.
Clan-utsh-la=Hlauhla.
Clao-qu-aht=Clayoquot.
Clap-sott=Clatsop.
Clarkamees, Clarkames,
Clackama.
Clasaps=Clatsop.
Claskanio, Class-can-eye-ah=Tlatskanai.
Classet=Makah.
Classops, Clastope=Clatsop.
Clatacamin=Tlatskanai.
Gla’-tcaus=Thlachaus.
Clat-sa-canin, Clatsaconin—Tlatskanai.
Clatsaps=Clatsop.
Clatset= Makah.
Clatstoni=Tlatskanai.
Clatstops, Clatsup=Clatsop.
Claucuad=Clayoquot.
Claugh-E-wall-hah=Clowwewalla.
Claushavn=Claushaven.
Claw-et-sus=Tlauitsis.
Claxtar, Clax-ter=Tlatskanai.
Clayhoosh=Clahoose.
Clayoquotoch—Clayoquot.
Cleewallees= Huhliwahli.
Cle-Hure, Cle-Huse=Clahoose.
eee chs.
emaks= Tillamook.
Clemclemalets, Clem-clem-a-lits=Clemclemalats.
Clennuse=Tlanusiyi.
Clermont’s band, Clermo’s band=Santsukdhin.
Cleu wathta=Huhliwahii.
Clew=Kloo.
Clewalla, Clewauley, Clewauleys, Clewella, Cle-
wulla, Cleyali=Huhliwahii.
oon Clickatat, Clicketats, Clickitats—Kl]i-
itat.
Clickquamish=Cloquallum.
Clict-ars, Clic-tass—Clickass.
Clikatats=Klikitat.
Climath=Klamath.
Gli-nai’-ctik=Thlinaitshtik.
Clin’-ar-pan=Tzlanapah.
Clarkamos, Clarkamus=
1045
Clingats=Tlingit.
Clintinos=Cree.
Clinton=Pilteuk.
Clipalines=Shipaulovi.
Clishhooks=Cushook.
Clistenos, Clistinos=Cree.
Glka’qaik=Thlekakhaik.
Qlki’-aus=Thlekuaus.
Glku-ca/-tk=Thlekushauk.
Qlku’-hwe-yuk’=Thlekuhweyuk.
Glkwan’ti-ya’/yanné’=Thlkwantiyatunne.
Qlkwi-yau’-ik=Thlekwiyauik.
Clockstar=Tlatskanai.
Clo-kar-da-ki-ein= Klokadakaydn,
Clokwon=Klukwan.
Cloo=Kloo.
Clossets=Makah.
Clotsops=Clatsop.
Cloud man’s band= Makhpiyawichashta.
Cloud River Indians=Winimem.
Clough-e-wal-lah, Clough-e-wall-hah=Clowwe.-
walla,
Clowetoos, Clow et sus=Tlauitsis.
Clowewallas=Clowwewalla.
Glte’a-rxi-li-i-tun, Glte’a-rxi’-li-i/ yinné=Chockrela-
tan.
Glti’-ai-am/-ile kqu-wai’-hu= Khuwaius.
Glts’us-me’, Clts’is-me’ jyainné’=Thltsusmetunne.
Cluale=Huhliwahli.
Club Indians= Yuma.
Clukemus=Clackama.
Glu’-kwi-u-te’¢u’=Thlukwiutshthu.
Clulwarp=Shuswap.
Clunsus=Ntlakyapamuk.
Clymelymalats=Clemclemalats.
Clyoquot, Clyquots=Clayoquot.
Cneis=Caddo.
Cnistineaux—=Cree.
Cnongasgaba=Chongasketon.
C’npa’=Snapa.
C’nta’k’tl=Sintaktl.
Coahuanas=Cajuenche.
Coahuilas=Kawia.
Coahuilteco—Coahuiltecan.
Coajata—Cojate. .
Coaksett=Coaxet.
Coana=Coama.
Co-a-ni-nis= Havasupai.
Coaqueria=Kiakima.
Coaquis=Coaque.
Coarac=Quarai.
Coashatay, Coashatta, Coassatlis=Koasati.
Coast Crees= Maskegon.
Coast Indians, Coastmen=Costanos.
Coata=San Andrés Coata.
Coatlik= Kotlik.
Cobajais, Cobaji=Kawaiisu.
Go‘bajnaaj, Co ‘bajnaaji =Thobazhnaazhi.
Cobanes= Kohani.
Cobb Indians=Hopahka Choctaw.
Cobboseecontee=Cabbasagunties.
Cobota=Cojate.
Coca=Kusa.
Cocamaricopa= Maricopa.
Cogao =Coosa.
Cocapa=Cocopa.
Coc-co-man=Kokaman.
Cochaly =Cochali. '
Cochatties= Koasati.
Cochees= Cochise Apache.
Cocheli=Cochiti.
Cochenawagoes=Caughnawaga.
Co-che-ta-cah, Cochetakers, Co-che-te-ka= Kotsoteka,
Cocheti, Cocheto=Cochiti.
Cochiemes=Cochimi.
Cochilis=Cochiti.
Cochimas, Cochime, Cochimies, Cochimy=Cochimi.
Cochineans= Havasupai.
Cochini=Cochimi.
Cochit, Cochite, Co-chi-te-mi’, Cochitenos, Cochitinos,
Cochito, Cochitti, Cochity=Cochiti.
| Cochnawagah, Cochnewagos, Cocknewakee=(Caugh-
nawaga.
| Cochnewwasroonaw=Conoy.
Cochnichnos= Havasupai.
Cochnowagoes=Caughnawaga.
Cochopas=Cocopa.
Go ‘¢itcini=Thoditshini.
1046
Cocknawagas, Cocknawagees, Cocknewagos—Caugh-
nawaga.
Cock-o-mans, Coc-ko-nan=Kokaman.
Cocluti=Cochiti.
Coco=Acoma.
Go ‘foko»%ji=Thodhokongzhi.
Cocomarecopper, Cocomari, Cocomaricopas,
marisepas, Cocomiracopas= Maricopa.
Coco Mongo=Cucomogna.
Co-con-cah-ras=Cocoueahra.
Cogoninos= Havasupai.
Co-co-pah=Cocopa.
Cocortin=Cocori.
Cocospara=Cocospera.
Cocuiarachi=Cuquiarachi.
Coddoque, Codogdachos = Kadohadacho.
Codtanmut=Cataumut.
Coehnawaghas=Caughnawaga.
Coeni=Caddo.
Coenossoeny = Iroquois.
Coespan =Cocospera.
Coeur and Alenes, Coeur d’Aléne, Coeur d’Eleine,
Coeur d’Eliene, Coeur d’Eline, Coeur d’Helene,
Cours d’Aleine, Coeurs d’Alénes, Cceurs-d’aliene,
Ceurs d’Helene, Cceurs-pointus=Skitswish.
Cofa=Ocute.
Cofachiqui=Cofitachiqui.
Cofachis=Cofaqui.
Cofaciqui, Cofetagque=Cofituchiqui.
Cofetalaya, Coffadeliah=Kaffetalaya.
Cofitachyque =Cofitachiqui.
Cofoque =Cofaqui.
Coghnawagees, Coghnawages, Coghnawagoes, Cog-
hnawayees, Coghnewagoes, Cognahwaghah, Cog-
nawagees, Cognawago=Caughnawaga.
Coguifa= Kawia.
Cohainihoua, Cohainotoas=Cahinnio.
Cohakias, Cohakies=Cahokia.
Cohanat=Cohannet.
Cohannies= K ohani.
Cohassiac=Coosuc.
Cohias=Cohes.
Cohila Apache=Chiricahua.
Cohnana=Cajuenche.
Cohnawaga, Cohnawagey,
wago=Caughnawaga.
Cohoninos = Havasupai.
Cohuana=Cajuenche.
Cohuillas, Cohuilles=Kawia.
Cohunewagus, Cohunnawgoes, Cohunnegagoets, Co-
hunnewagoes=Caughnawaga.
Cohuntas= Kawita.
Cohu winwut, Co-hu wun-wui=Shohu.
Coiacohanauke=Quioucohanoc.
Coiaheguxes=Coyabegux.
Coiatee=Coyatee.
Coiegues=Cayuga.
Coiencahes= Karankawa.
Coiras=Koroa.
Coitch=Panamint.
Cojages=Cayuga.
Cojnino= Havasupai.
Cojoges=Cayuga.
Cojonina= Havasupai.
Cojota—Cojate.
Cojuenchis=Cajuenche.
Cojuklesatuch = Uchucklesit.
Coka-towela=Chokatowela.
Co’-ke=Shoke.
Cokes =Coaques.
Cokesit=Coaxet.
Cok-ka-mans=Kokaman.
Cokomaricopas= Maricopa.
Colabazas =Calabazas.
Colapessas, Colapissas=Acolapissa.
Colcharney=Kulchana.
Colchattas=Koasati.
Colching=Kulchana.
Colecins=Colcene.
Cold Spring Village=Deyohnegano.
Coldwater=Ntstlatko.
Colela=Shipapulima.
Colemmys=Kulumi.
Colespelin, Colespells=Kalispel.
Coligua, Colima =Coligoa.
Colimies =Cochimi.
Colipasa=Acolapissa.
Collamee=Kulumi.
Colla-pissas = Acolapissa.
Coco-
Cohnawahgans, Cohne-
COCKNAW AGAS—CONEJAGHERA
[B. A. BE.
Col-lap-poh-yea-ass=Calapooya.
Colloteros=Coyoteros.
Collville=Colville.
Coloa=Koroa.
Coloclan=Colotlan.
Coloco=Estocoloco.
Colomas= Koloma.
Colomga, Colomiesk=Kulumi.
Coloosas=Calusa.
Colooshatchie=Calusahatchi.
Coloradeo= Pueblo Colorado, Pueblo Pintado.
Colouse=Korusi.
Colseed=Colcene.
Coltog=Kaltag.
Coltshanie=Kulchana.
Columbia Lakes=Akiskenukinik.
Columbias=Sinkiuse.
Colusa, Colusi Indians=Korusi.
Co-madi-yah=Comeya.
Comances, Comancha, Comanchees, Comanchero,
Comanchos, Comandes, Comandus=Comanche.
Comaniopa= Maricopa.
Comanshima, Comantz=Comanche.
Comaricopas= Maricopa.
Comassakumkanit= Herring Pond.
Comauch= Comanche.
Comea-kin=Comiakin.
Comecrudos=Carrizos.
Comedas=Comeya.
Come Pescado=Timpaiavats.
Cometrudos, Cometudos=Comecrudo.
Comiaken =Comiakin.
Cominas, Cominos= Havasupai.
Comitria=Camitria.
Commagsheak =Comox.
Communipau=Communipaw.
Comondi=San José de Comondu.
Comoripa=Cumuripa.
Co-moux =Comox.
Co-mo-yah, Comoyatz, Comoyeé, Co-mo-yei=Comeya.
Comshewars=Cumshewa.
Comupas=Cumpus.
Comupavi=Shongopovi.
Comuripa=Cumuripa.
Comuxes=Comox.
Conachitow=Couechitou. ;
Conadasaga, Conadasego=Canadasaga.
Conaghsadagas=Oka.
Conagohary, Conajoharees, Conajohary, Conajorha=
Canajoharie.
Conarie See, Conarise, Conarsie =Canarsee.
Conasadagah, Conasadago, Conasadauga=Oka.
Conastagoe=Conestoga.
Conastee= Kanastuni.
Conastoga, Conastoge, Conastogy =Conestoga.
Conawaghrunas= Caughnawaga.
Conawago = Connewango.
Conaway Crunas=Caughnawaga.
Concabe= Moenkapi.
Concee=Lipan.
Concepcion=Tomeé.
Concepcion Babiacora, Concepcion Babicora=Babia-
cora.
Concepcion Caborca =Caborca,
Concepcion Cuirimpo=Cuirimpo.
Concepcion de Aguico=Hawikuh.
Concepcion de Alona=Halona. —
Concepcion de Caborca, Concepcion del Cabetea, Con-
cepcion del Caborca, Concepcion del Cabotea=Ca-
borea.
Concepcion de Quarac=Quarra.
Concepcion Mobas= Movyas.
Conception=Ossossane. :
Conception del Ukitoa=Oquitoa.
Conchacs, Conchaes, Conchakus =Conshac.
Conchanteti, Conchanti=Kanchati. |
Conchaptimicco’s town =Conchartimicco’s town
Conchaques=Conshac, Koasati.
Conchartree=Kanchati.
Conchas=Conshac.
Conchatas = Koasati.
Conchatez=Conshaec, Koasati.
Conchattas = Koasati.
Conches=Conshac.
Conchttas—K oasati.
Con-Con’s, Con-Cous, Con-Cow= Konkan,
Conday= Kendaia.
Conecare=Conicari.
| Conejaghera =Conejoholo.
BULL. 30]
Coneliskes=Cowlitz.
Conerd Helene=Skitswish.
Conessetagoes, Conestauga=Oka.
Conestego, Conestogo, Conestogue=Conestoga.
Coneta, Conetta, Conetuhs = Kawita.
Conewango=Connewango.
Conewaugus=Ganawagus.
Coneyat=Conneaut.
Confederate Indians, Confederate Nations, Confed-
erates= Iroquois.
Congares, Congerees, Congeres=Congaree.
Conge-wee-cha-cha=Congewichacha.
Congree=Congaree.
Conguses= Cayuse.
Conicare=Conicari.
Conijoharre=Canajoharie.
Coninas—Havasupai.
Conissadawga=Oka.
Conistogas—Conestoga.
Conittekooks=Connecticut.
Conkaske-tonwan=Chongasketon.
Connadasaga, Connadasego, Connadesago, Connaga-
sago=Canadasaga.
Connajohary=Canajoharie.
Connamox=Coree.
Connasedagoes=Oka.
Connastago —Conestoga.
Connays=Conoy.
Connecedaga, Connecedegas=OKa.
Connectacuts=Connecticut.
Connefedagoes=Oka.
Connegticuts=Connecticut.
Connejories=Canajoharie.
Conneogie=Connewango.
Conneross=Conoross.
Connesedagoes=Oka.
Connestigunes= Canastigaone.
Connevaghs=Tabltan.
Connewangoes=Connewango.
Conninggahaughgaugh= Mohawk.
Conninos= Havasupai.
Con-no-harrie-go-harrie=Onoalagona.
Connojohary=Canajohurie.
Connondaguah= Canandaigua.
Connosedagoes, Connosidagoes, Connossedage=Oka.
Connoye, Connoys=Conoy.
Connugbhariegughharie=Onoalagona.
Conoatinos= Kanohatino.
Conodosago=Canadasaga.
Conoies, Conois=Conoy.
Conojahary, Conojoharie=Canajoharie.
Conostogas = Conestoga.
Conowaroghere=Ganowarohare.
Conoy-uch-such, Conoyucksuchroona=Conoy.
Conqerees=Congaree.
Conshachs=Conshac.
Conshacs, Conshaes= Koasati.
Conshakis=Conshac.
Conshaques=Concha.
Conshattas= K oasati.
Contah-nah=Cotechney.
Contamis = Kutenai.
Contareia, Contarrea=Contarea.
Contaubas=Catawhba.
Contenay =F utenai.
Contla=Santa Cruz.
Contonnés= Kutenai.
Contznoos= Hutsnuwu.
Conwahago=Caughnawaga.
Conyat=Conneaut.
Cooca=Kusa.
Coochchotellica, Cooch-cho-teth-ca, Coocheetakas=
Kotsoteka.
Coochocking—Coshocton.
Coo-er-ee=Kuyuidika.
Coofer, Coofert=Puaray.
Cookchaneys=Chuchansi.
Cookkoooose, Cookkoo-oosee, Cookoose=Coos.
Coolamies= Kulumi.
Coolmehs=Yiikulme.
Coolome, Coolooma, Coo-loo-me, Cooloomee = Kulumi.
Cools-on-tick-ara = Kotsoteka.
Coomine= Kumaini.
Coon= Mikaunikashinga.
Coopanes= Kopano.
Coopspellar= Kalispel.
Coos=Coosuc.
Coosa=Coosha, Kusa.
Coosadas= Koasati.
CONELISKES—-COSCHOTGHTA
1047
| Coosada Sackla Loosa=Suktaloosa.
Coosada Village =Coosada.
Coosades, Coosadis= Koasati.
Coosah= Coosa.
Coosahatches=Coosahatchi.
Coosahs=Coosha.
Coosak Baloagtaw=Concha.
Coosak hattak=Coosakhattakfalaya.
Coosas=Coos.
Coosatis= Koasati.
Coo-sau= Kusa.
Coosauda, Coo-sau-dee= Koasati.
Coosaw=Coosa, Kusa.
Coosawatee, Coosawaytee=Cusawatee.
Coosawda, Coosawda's, Coosawder=Koasati.
Coos Bay, Co-ose, Coose Bay=Coos.
Coosee= Kusa.
Cooses, Coose Taylors=Coos.
Cooshacking=Coshocton.
Chooshates, Cooshatties, Coosidas=Koasati.
Coosis= Kusa.
Coospellar=Kalispel.
Coosucks=Coosuc.
Coos Village=Melukitz.
| Cootanais=Kutenai.
Cootanie=Kitunahan Family.
Cootanies, Cootneys, Cootomies, Cootonaikoon, Coo-
tonais, Cootonay, Cootounies=Kutenai.
Cootstooks pai tah pee=Salish.
Coowarsartdas, Coowertsortda=Koasati.
Cooxet, Cooxitt =Coaxet.
Cooyoko=Shooyoko.
Cooyuweeweit=Kuyuidika.
Copanes = Kopano, Kohani.
Copas=Creeks.
Copatta=Quapaw.
Copiala=Shipapulima.
Copper=Tatsanottine, Tsattine.
Copper Eskimo=Kidnelik.
Copper Indians= Ahtena, Tatsanottine.
Copper-Mine=Tatsanottine.
Coppermine Apaches= Mimbrefios.
Coppermine Indians=Gilenios.
Copper River Indians= Ahtena.
Cops=Tupo.
Go‘qani=Thokhani.
Co-qua-piet = Koquapilt.
Coquell= Mishikhwutmetunne.
Coquet-lane, Coquetlum, Coquilain=Coquitlam.
Coquill, Coquilla= Mishikhwutmetunne.
Coquille= Mishikhwutmetunne, Mulluk, Nasumi
Coquilths=K wakiutl.
Coquimas, Coquimo=Kiakima.
Coquins=Tututni.
Coquitlan, Coquit-lane, Coquitlum=Coquitlam,
Coquitt=Coaxet.
Coquopiet, Coquopilt= Koquapilt.
Coracones=Corazones.
Coramine=Coree.
Coran-canas=Karankawa.
Coranine=Coree.
Corankoua=Karankawa.
Coras= Nevome.
Cor-a-tem=K woratem.
Corbeaus, Corbeaux—Crows.
Corcargonell=Coreorgonel.
Corchongs, Corchougs=Corchaug.
Cores=Coree.
Corimpo=Cuirimpo.
Corn Eaters=Arikara.
Corneille= Amahami.
| Corn House=Tukhtukagi.
Corn Peoples=Zuni.
Cornplanter’s Town =Connewango.
Cornwalls=Stlaz.
Coroa, Coroha, Corois=Koroa.
Coro Marikopa= Maricopa.
| Coronkawa, Coronks=Karankawa.
Corpus Christi de Isleta=Isleta del Sur.
Corroas, Corrois, Corroys=Koroa.
Corsaboys=Cusabo.
Corsas=Kusa.
Corusies= Korusi.
Corvesets—Coweset.
Cor-village—Core.
Cosa=Kusa.
Cosah tribe =Coosa.
Cosatomy = Kushetunne.
Coschotghta= Kotsoteka.
1048
Coscosky= Kuskuski.
Coscospera=Cocospera.
- Cosemenes=Cosumni.
Coshattas=Koasati, Muskhogean Family.
Coshattees, Coshatties=Koasati. -
Coshockton=Coshocton.
Cosispa=Kasispa.
Cosnina, Cosninos= Havasupai.
Co-soott-hen-ten= K wusathlkhuntunne.
Cosos=Kassovo.
Cosotoul=K wusathlkhuntunne.
Cossa=Kusa,
Costa=Coste.
Costanoes=Costanos.
Cos-tche-tegh-kas, Costcheteghta Comanches—Kot-
soteka.
Costehe=Coste.
Costeloga=Custaloga’s Town.
Costeno=Costanos.
Costrowers=Kassovo.
Cosulhentan, Cosulhenten=K wusathlkhuntunne.
Cosumnes, Cosumnies=Cosumni.
Cosutheuten, Co-sutt-heu-tun = Kwusathlkhun-
tunne.
Coswas=Kassovo.
Go’tais=Thotais.
Cotam=Cotan.
Co-ta-plane-mis=Cotoplanemis.
Cotappos, Cotawpees=Catawba.
Co‘tealsicaya=Thochalsithaya.
Cotchita, Cotchiti=Cochiti.
Coteching, Cotechnees=Cotechney.
Cétes-de Chien=Thlingchadinne.
Cotobers=Catawba.
Cotones=Kutenai.
Cotshimi=Cochimi.
Go‘tsoni=Thotsoni.
Cottonois=Kutenai.
Cottonwood Banaks=Shohopanaiti.
Cottonwood ruin=Kokopki.
Cottonwoods=Daupom Wintun.
Cottonwood-Salmon-Eaters=Shohoaigakika.
Cotuhticut, Cotuhtikut=Titicut.
Coucha=Concha.
Cou-chan= Yuma.
Couchas=Concha.
Couchates=K oasati.
Cou-cows=Konkau.
Couer d’Alienes=Skitswish.
Couetchiou, Coue-tchitou=Couechitou.
Couetta=Kawita.
Couexi=Coosa.
Coughnawagas=Caughnawaga.
Couirimpo=Cuirimpo.
Gouis=Caddo.
Couitias=Kawita.
Coujougas= Cayuga.
Coulapissas= Acolapissa,
Counarrha=Kutenai.
Counica=Tunica.
Coupe=Tsankupi.
Coupe-gorge= Dakota.
Coups de Fleches=Cheyenne.
Cour d’Aleine, Cour d’Alenes, Cour D’Aline, Cour De
Lion=Skitswish.
Couroas, Courois=Koroa.
Courterrielles, Courtes Oreilles=Ottawa.
Cousas=Kusa.
Cousatee, Cousoudee= Koasati.
Coussa= Kusa.
Coussae, Coussati, Coussehaté=K oasati.
Coutah-wee-cha-cha= Kutawichasha.,
Coutanies=Kitunahan Family, Kutenai.
Coutaria=Kutenai.
Couteaux=Ntlakyapamuk.
Couteaux-Jaunes=Tatsanottine.
Coutenay, Coutnees, Coutonais,
touns= Kutenai.
Couuachit6uu=Conchachitou.
Couueta= Kawita.
Covaji=Kawaiisu.
Cove-chances=Chukchansi.
Covera, Covero=Cubero.
Covilles=Colville.
Cowachitow=Couechitou.
Cow-ang-a-chem=Serranos.
Cowanneh=Kawanuyi.
Cowasacks, Cowassuck=Coosuc.
Cow Buffalo=Arukhwa.
Coutonois, Cou-
COSCOSKY—CUAMES
[B. A. H.
Cowchillas=Chowchilla.
Cow-Cow=Konkau.
Cow Creek Indians, Cow Creeks, Cow Creek Ump-
quas= Nahankhuotane. :
Cowe=Cowee.
Coweeta= Kawita.
Cowegans=Cowichan.
Coweitas=Kawita.
Cowela=Kawia.
Cowelits, Cowelitz, Cow-e-na-chino—Cowlitz.
Cowes=Coos.
Coweta, Cowetah, Cowetah Tallahassee, Cowetas,
Cowetau, Cowetaw, Cowettas, Cow-e-tugh, Cow-
e-tuh, Cow-e-tuh Tal-lau-has-see=Kawita.
Cowe-wa-chin=Cowichan. ;
Cowhuillas, Cowiahs= Kawia.
Cowichin=Cowichan.
Cowillas, Cow-illers=Kawia.
Cowitchens, Cowitchins=Cowichan.
Cowlitch, Cowlits, Cowlitsick, Cowlitsk=Cowlitz.
Cow Nation= Pueblos.
Cowwesets, Cowweseuck, Cowwesit=Coweset.
Cowwillas=Kawia.
Cow-ye-ka=Kawaiki.
Coxanes=Kohani.
Coxit=Coaxet.
Coyakeros=Coyoteros.
Coyamanque=Cuyamunque.
Coyatero=Coyoteros.
Co-ye-te= Koyeti.
Coyetero=Coyoteros.
Co-ye-tie= Koyeti.
Go‘yetlini=Thoyetlini.
Coyoleno, Coyotaro, Coyote, Coyotens—Coyoteros,
Coyote people=Stoam Ohimal.
Coyotero Apaches=Coyoteros.
Coyoteros= Pinal Coyotero.
Coyotes=Pachawal.
Coyougers, Coyouges=Cayuga. .
Coyoukons=Koyukukhotana,
Coyovea=Cayovea.
Coystero=Coyoteros.
Coytee, Coytoy=Coyatee.
Co-Yukon= Koyukukhotana.
Cozao=Coosa.
Cozas=Kusa.
Cpa’ptsEn=Spatsum.
Cpu’zum=Spuzzum.
Cqague’=Skagway.
Qqa‘neza‘, ,Cqa‘neza'ni=Thkhaneza.
Qqa'paha, Gqa' pahagine=Thkhapaha.
Cqa‘teini=Thk hatshini.
Cgokung=Shahanik.
Cq!6’nana=Shkonana.
Crane gens= Petanenikashika.
Craw-fish band=Chakchiuma.
Craybe=Oraibi.
Cray Fish=Shakchukla.
Cree of the Lowland= Maskegon.
Cree of the Prairie=Paskwawininiwug.
Cree of the Woods=Sakawithiniwuk.
Crees of Moose Factory =Monsoni.
Crevas=Osage.
Cries, Criqs, Criques, Cris, Cristeneaux, Cristinaux,
Cristineaux, Cristinos=Cree.
Cristobel=San Crist6bal.
Crists=Cree.
Croatoan=—Croatan, Pamlico.
Crooton=Croatan.
Cross Point=Restigouche.
Cross Sound Indians= Huna.
Cross Village=Anamiewatigong.
Crossweeckes=Crossweeksung.
Crosswer=Cumshewa.
Crosweek=Crossweeksung.
Crow Feather, Crow feather band=Tashunkeota,
Crow Mockers Old Place=Crowmocker.
Crow People=Tutchonekutchin.
Crows= Kaka.
Cruel= Dakota.
Crus=Cree.
Cruzados= Yavapai.
Gtle’a-rxi/-li-i’-tin=Thlcharghiliitun.
Cu=Shu.
Cuabajai, Cuabajay—Serranos.
Cua-ca= Kua-kaa.
Cua-ka=San Marcos.
Cuakyina=Kwakina.
Cuames=Punames.
i>
BULL. 30]
Cuampes=Cuampis.
Ciia-pa= Kuapa.
Cuapas=Quapaw.
Cua P’Hoge, Cua-P’ho-o-ge, Cua-po-oge, Cua-Po-o-
qué=Kuapooge.
Cuaque=Zuaque.
Cuarac, Cuarai, Cuaray, Cuarra, Cuarry=Quarai.
Cuartelejo—Quartelejo.
Cuatganes= Yuma. :
Subahatchee, Cube hatcha=Coosahatchi.
Cubic=Cubac.
Cucamungabit=Cucomogna.
Cucapa, Cucapachas, Cucassus=Cocopa.
Cuchan, Cuchana, Cu-cha-no= Yuma.
Cuchanticas= Kotsoteka.
Cuchaus= Yuma.
Cuchiaga=Cuchiyaga.
Cuchian=Cuchillones, Yuma.
Cuchili=Cochiti.
Cuchillo=Paako.
Cuchimies=Cochimi.
Cuchin=Cochiti.
Cuchinu=Cochimi.
Cuchiyaga—Cuchiaga.
Cucompners=Cucoomphers.
Cucopa=Cocopa.
Cuctachas=Cushtusha.
Cuculutes=Cuculato.
Cu-cu-pahs=Cocopa.
Cucurpo=Cucurpe.
Cu-cu-tci=Shushuchi.
Cucuye= Pecos.
Cudeves=Eudeve.
Cuechunticas=K otsoteka.
Cueganas= Yuma.
Cuelcajen-né=Guhlkainde.
Cueloce, Cuelotetrey—Quelotetrey
Cuelpe=Walpi.
Cueres, Cuerez—Keresan Family, San Felipe de
Cuerez.
Cuerro=Quarai.
Cuesninas=Havasupai.
Cuhanas=Cajuenche, Cocopa.
Cuhtzuteca=Kotsoteka.
Cuichan= Yuma.
Cuimnapum=Chimnapum.
Cuimp=Shuimp.
Cuismer, Cuisnurs=Havasupai.
Cuitoa=Cuitoat.
Cuiukguos=Cayuga.
Cuivira=Quivira.
Cuivres=Tatsanottine.
Cujanes, Cujanos=Kohani.
Cuk’=Suk.
Cutané—Shuhlanan.
Culdoah=Kauldaw.
Culisnisna, Culisnurs=Havasupai.
Cull-oo-sau hat-che=Calusahatchi.
Culloumas, Cullowes=Kulumi.
Culsagee = Kulsetsiyi.
Culs-coupés=Kishkakon.
Cultalchulches=Cutalchiches.
Culu’c=Tsulus.
Culul=Kulul.
Cumana=Cajuenche.
Cumanche, Cumancias=Comanche.
Cumanes=Punames.
Cum-ba-twas=Kumbatuash.
Cumeehes=Comanche.
Cumera, Cumero—Cumaro.
Cum-i-um-has, Cum-min-tahs=Cumumbah.
Cummoaqui, Cummooqui=Hopi.
Cumpas=Cumpus.
Cumpes=Cumumbah.
Cum-que-kis=Komkyutis.
Cumshawas, Cumshewes, Cumshuwaw—Cumshewa.
Cum-um-pahs=Cumumbah.
Cumupas=Cumpus.
Cunai=Cufeil.
Cunames, Cunanes=Punames.
Cuncaae=Caacat.
Cuneskapi= Nascapee.
Cunhates=K oasati.
Cunhutke=Ikanhatki.
Cuni=Zuii.
Ci-iktceka—Shungikcheka.
Cun-i-um-hahs=Cumumbah.
Cinkaha-nap’is—Shungkahanapin.
Cunka-yute-cni=Shungkayuteshni.
CUAMPES—CUYA MANGUE
| Cuquiaratzi,
1049
Cunye inigk‘aciné—Shunkeinikashina.
Cink i-ki’-ka-ra/-tea-da, Cink-tceank’ i-ki’-ka-ra/-tca-
da=Shungikikarachada.
Ci mikase=Shomakoosa.
Cunnesedago—Canadasaga.
Cunniwagoes—Caughnawaga.
Cunopavi=Shongopoyvi.
Ciin’-ta"ce-we—Shuntanthewe.
Cun’-tan-eka—Shuntanthka.
Cu»’-tanquo-3ce=Shuntankhoche.
Cunyeel=Cufieil.
Cuoerchitou=Couechitou.
Cuouex=Dakota.
Ciip=Shup.
Cupachas=Cocopa.
Cu-dauk—Shupauk.
Cuppunnaugunnit=Cuppunaugunnit.
Guge=Dhukhe.
Cuquiarichi, Cuquiurachi— Cuquia-
rachi.
Curancahuases=Karankawa.
| Curas=Kusa.
Curinghoa=Cuirimpo.
| Curois=Koroa.
Curtaka=Castake.
Curtoze-to-gah, Curtz-e-Ticker—Kotsoteka.
Cusabees—Cusabo.
Cusates—Kasihta.
Cusbabi=Cahuabi.
Cuscarawaoke—Cuscarawaoc.
Cuschcushke, Cuscuskie=K uskuski.
Cuseta, Cusetahs, Cusetas=Kasihta.
Cusha=Coosha.
Cushans= Yuma.
Cushatees, Cushehtah=Koasati.
Cushetaes=Kasihta.
Cushhooks, Cushhouks—Cushook.
Cusihuirachic—Cusihuiriachic,
Cusitas, Cusitash=Kasihta.
Cuskarawaocks—Cuscarawaoc,
Cuskcaskking=Kuskuski.
Cuskoeteh-waw-thesseetuck—Siksika.
Cuskuskus=Kuskuski.
Cussabos=Cusabo.
Cussadies— Koasati.
Cusseta, Cussetahs, Cussetas, Cussetau, Cussetaw
Cus-se-tuh—Kasihta.
| Cusshetaes—K oasati.
Cussitahs, Cussitos, Cussutas—Kasihta.
Custachas=Cushtusha.
Custalaga—Custaloga’s Town.
Custasha=Custachas.
Custologa, Custologo—Custaloga’s Town.
Custusha=Cushtusha.
Cususkey = K uskuski.
Cutagamies— Foxes.
Cutahaco—Tutahaco.
Cutalches=Cutalchiches.
Cut Bank= Micacuopsiba.
Cut Beards=Pabaksa.
Cutcanas, Cutchanas= Yuma.
Cutchates=K oasati.
Cuteanas, Cutganas, Cutganes, Cutguanes= Yuma.
Cuthalchuches—Cutalchiches,
Cut heads=Pabaksa.
Cuthi Uskehaca—Cuthi Uckehaca.
Cuthlamuhs, Cuthlamuks—Cathlamet.
Cutifachiqui, Cuti’fiachiqua=Cofitachiqui.
Cutlashoots—Ootlashoot.
Cut Offs=Kiyuksa.
Cutsahnim, Cut-sa-nim, _Cuts-saih-nem,
nim= Yakima.
Cuttako—Kiowa Apache.
Cuttambas, Cuttawa—Catawhba.
Cuttawomans—Cuttatawomen.
Cut-throats=Dakota.
Cuts-sah
| Cut Wrists=Cheyenne.
Cuuames=Punames,
Cuunsiora=Gyusiwa.
Cuvarro—Cubero.
Cu-wa-la-cu=Shuwalacu.
Cuwa/lecEt=Shuwalethet.
Cuwally=Huhliwahli.
Cuyahuga=Cayuga.
Cuyama=Kuyam.
Cuya Mangue, Cuyamanque, Cuyamenque, Cuyam-
mique, Cuyamonge, Cuya-mun-ge. Cuyamungue—
Cuyamunque.
1050
Cuyanes= Kohani.
Cuyapipa, Cuyapipe—Cuiapaipa.
Cuybira=Quivira.
Cuyo, Monque=Cuyamunque.
Cuytoa=Cuitoat.
Cuyuse=Cayuse.
Cuza=Quarai.
Cuzadans=K oasati.
Cuzans=Kusa.
Cuzaya=Quarai.
Cvni=Zuni.
Cwahago—Cayahoga.
Cwarenuock=Cawruuoc.
Cycuyo=Pecos.
Cyininook—Cree.
Cynagos=Sinago.
Cyneper, Cynikers—Seneca,
Cyotlero—Coyoteros.
Cypowais plunderers=Pillagers.
Cypoways=Chippewa.
Cyuse=Cayuse.
Da*gelma'n=—Takelma.
Dabs’-tena/=Etagottine.
Dacabimo= Navaho.
Dachi=Tachi.
D’Achiliny=Pawating.
Dacorta, Dacota=Dakota.
Dacota errans=Gens du Large.
Dacotah= Dakota.
Dacotan=Siouan Family.
Dacotas of the St Peter’s=Santee.
Da-da/-ze ni/-ka-ci"/-ga= Paiute.
Da-ga-e-6-g4— Mohawk.
Daha-dinneh, Daha-dinnis, Daha-dtinné— Etagottine.
Da-ha-dumies= Etagottine.
Dahcotah, Dahcotas, Dahkota,
kota.
Dahodinni, Daho-tena=Etagottine.
Daigano=Diegueno.
Daiyé’/=Dyea.
Dakaz, Dakkadhe, Dakkadhe=Tukkuthkutchin.
Dakla-wéeti=Daktlawedi.
Dakoias, Dakotah= Dakota.
Dakotan=Siouan Family.
Dakotha=Dakota.
Dak‘ts!a*mala?, Dak‘ts!a*wana*= Klamath.
Dakwa/i=Toquo.
Data=Tala.
Dalinchi—Talinchi.
Dalles, Dalls Indians=Dalles Indians.
Dalsalsan=Tulsulsun.
Daminoia= Aminoya.
Dancer band=Genega’s Band.
Dancers=Kawia.
Danda/gani=Lookout Mountain Town.
Dané=Athapascan Family, Kaiyuhkhotana, Tsat-
tine.
Dané Esclaves=Etchareottine.
Da-ném-mé=Tanima.
Danites=Athapascan Family.
Danites Esclaves=Etchareottine.
Danoncaritaoui=Totiakton.
Danoska=Ohanhanska.
Danoxa=Danokha.
Danzarines=Kawia.
Daq! awe/di=Daktlawedi.
Darazhazh= Pawnee.
Darcota, Darcotar, Dareotas=Dakota.
Dark Buffalo=Washabe.
Dasamanquepeio, Dasamanquepeuk, Dasamonpeack,
Dasamonquepeio, Dasamoquepeuk, Dasamotique-
perc=Dasamonquepeuc.
Da’/sha-i=Kadohadacho.
Dashiton=Deshuhittan.
Dashu=Deshu.
Da-sin/-ja-ha-ga— Hangatanga.
Da‘skigi’/yi=Taskigi.
Da/skwitunyi=Tusquittah.
Dassamonpeack, Dassamopoque= Dasamonquepeuc,
Datcho=Kadohadacho.
Da-thun/da=Tesinde.
Datse-a2 Comanche
Datimpa’ta= Kiowa.
Daudehokto—Totiakton.
Dau-pum Wintun=Daupom Wintun.
Davayo=Navaho.
David’s People=Fetutlin.
Dawamish=Dwamish.
Dah-ko-tah=Da-
CUYANES—DESSAMONPEAKE
| Delawar,
[B. A. B.
Dawaganhaes, Dawaganhas—Ontwaganha.
Dawhoot-dinneh—= Etagottine.
Dawta=Dakota.
Daxe’t=Dahet.
Da-y6-de-hok’-to=Totiakton.
Dége-ta=Dhegiha.
Dead Man’s Creek=Skichistan.
De-a-ghe’-ta=Dhighida.
Deagothee Loochoo= Tukkuthkutchin.
Deaguanes= Doguenes.
Decanohoge=Canienga.
DeChentes, De Chute river, De Chutes= Des Chutes.
De Corbeau=Crows.
Decu’=Deshu.
Decw’hit tan=Deshuhittan.
de Curbo=Crows.
De-d’4 téené= Mishikhwutmetunne.
Deegothee=Tukkuthkutchin.
Deer=Itchualgi.
Deerfield Indians=Pocomtuck.
Deer (gens) =Chaikikarachada.
Deer Head=Tapa.
Deer Horn=Nageuktormiut.
Deerhorn mountaineers=Etechesottine.
Deewano=Twana.
| Degathee Dinee, Degothees, Degothi-Kutchin=Tuk-
kuthkutehin.
| Deguenes=Doguenes.
| Degutbee Dinees, Deguthee Dennee, Deguthee Dine,
Deguthee Dinees=Tukkuthkutchin.
Déhkewi=Kutchin.
De Ho Riss Kanadia=Coreorgonel.
Deis—Sandia.
DeKalb=Olitassa.
Dekanoagah=Conejoholo.
Dekanoge=Canienga.
Delamattanos, Delamattenoos= Huron.
Delarof, Delarov=Unga.
Delawaras, De Lawarrs,
Delaware.
Del Bajio=Bajio.
Del Caca—Caca Chimir.
Delcalsacat=Kokopki.
Del Charco=Charco.
Del Cojate=Cojate.
Del Cumero=Cumaro.
Deldjé, Deldzjé=Tontos.
Delemattanoes= Huron.
Delewares, Delewars, Deleways=Delaware.
Dellamattanoes=Huron.
Dél Llano—Llano.
Delmash=Mulluk.
Del Orroyo= Pueblo del Arroyo.
Del Pirique=Perigua.
Del Raton= Raton.
Del Teculote=Tecolote.
Deluas= Delaware.
Delwashes=Mulluk.
De-na-vi, De-na-ways=Tanima.
DEna’x‘datx"=Tenaktak.
Dendjyé= Athapascan Family, Kutchin.
Déne=Athapascan Family, Kawchodinne.
Déné Couteaux-Jaunes=—Tatsanottine.
Déné des Montagnes-Rocheuses= Nahane.
Déné-Dindjié=Athapascan Family.
Dene Etcha-Ottine= Etchaottine.
Deneh-Dindschieh=Athapascan Family.
Déné of the Rocky Mountains= Montagnard.
Dené Peaux-de-Liévre= Kawchodinne.
Déné Tchippewayans=Chipewyan.
Delaways=
| Denighcariages=Amikwa.
Denondadies=Tionontati.
| Denver Ute=Grand River Ute.
| De-o/-de-sote=Deyodeshot.
Dednagano= Deyohnegano.
| Deonondade, Deonondadies=Tionontati.
Deononsadaga=Connewango.
De-o-nun/-da-ga-a— Deyonongdadagana.
Dé’sa—=Kadohadacho.
Déschitan=Deshuhittan.
Des Chute’s River=Des Chutes.
Des Coupes=Cuts.
Deshoot= Des Chutes.
Deshtchin=Destechin.
Des-nédhé-kké-nadé= Desnedekenade.
Des-nédhé-yape-! Ottiné = Desnedeyarelottine.
Desonontage= Onondaga.
Des Puans= Winnebago.
Dessamonpeake, Dessamopeak—Dasamonquepeue
BULL. 30]
Destsini=Theshtshini.
Desumanas=Tawehash.
Detame=Dotame.
Dé-tdoa=De.
Détlk0e’/dé=Tahlkoedi.
Detseka/yaa— Arapaho.
Devil’s medicine man band=Wakan.
Devil Town=Skeinah.
Dewagamas, Dewaganas=Ottawa.
Dewaganas=Ontwaganha, Ottawa.
De-wa-ka-nha/=Chippewa.
Dewamish=Dwamish.
Dewoganna’s=Chippewa, Ontwaganha
Dexter=Chinik.
De-yo-non-da-da-gan’-a= Deyonongdadagana.
Déys-hne-ga’-no=Deyohnegano.
Deyudehaakdoh=Totiakton.
Diabago=Tioga.
Diagano—Dieguefno.
Diahago, Diahoga, Diahogo=Tioga.
Diegana, Diegeenos, Diegenes, Diegino, Diegmons,
Dieguenos, Dieguinos, Dieguno=Dieguefio.
Dienondades=Tionontati.
Digenes= Diegueno.
Diggers=Bannock, Hohandika, Paiute, Shoshoko,
Uainuints.
Digger Ute=Ute.
Digothi, Digothi-kutchin=Tukkuthkutchin.
Di-go-thi-tdinné= Kutchin.
Dihit= Ponca.
Dildzéhi=Thilzhehi.
Dillewars= Delaware.
Dilwishne=Wishosk.
Dil-zha= Yavapai.
Dilzhan=Tontos.
Dil-zhay= Mohave. Tontos, Tulkepaia, Yuma.
Dinais=Athapascan Family
Dindjié=Athapascan Family, Kutchin.
Dindjie Loucbeux=Kutchin.
Dindjitch, Dine=Athapascan Family.
Diné‘= Navaho.
Dinnee, Dinneh, Dinni=Athapascan Family.
Dinondadies, Dinondodies=Tionontati.
Diogenes=Dieguefio.
Dionnondadees, Dionondade, Dionondadies, Dionon-
dadoes, Dionondages, Dionondes, Dionoudadie=
Tionontati.
Dis-cheine’=Destchin.
Discovery Island (Indians) =Skingenes.
Disguino=Diegueno.
Diskadén=Tseskadin.
Diskatan=Ixcatan.
Ditt-pax=Oapars.
Diujuan=Yojuane.
Divided People=Kushapokla.
Dj/aaquig’it’ena/i=Djahui-gitinai.
Djaaqui’sk-uatl’adagai= Djahui-skwahladagai.
Djalitason=New River Indians.
Dja’ties=Tchatchiun.
Djémez—Jemez.
Djéné=Navaho.
Djictanadin—Djishtangading.
Djimaliko—Chimariko.
Djonontewaka=Seneca.
Djilalgi=Tsulalgi.
DV'ia' len k-éowai’= Hlielung-keawai.
DV ia/len kunilnagai’= Hlielungkun-lnagai.
Dnainé=Athapascan Family.
Doages= Nanticoke.
Dobimuss=Sannah.
Dock-spus=John Day.
Docota= Dakota.
Do-dan-ho=Dakuhbetede. f
Doegs= Nanticoke.
Dog-drivers=Aglemiut.
Dog-eaters= Arapaho.
Dogenga, Doginga=Tongigua.
Dog Men’s=Hotamitanio.
Dog Nation=Cheyenne.
Do-goo-son’=Tegotsugn.
Dog-rib, Dog-ribbed, Dog Ribs=Thlingchadinne.
Dog River=Watlala.
Dogs Naked=Emitahpahksaiyiks.
Dog Soldier=Hotamitaniu.
Dog tribe =Cherokee.
Do‘gu’at= Wichita.
Do’-fia-kel/-ya=Kekin
Dohema=Eudeve.
Dohe/nko=Carrizo.
DESTSINI—EAST ABECKA
1051
Do’hleli‘p=Tulalip.
Dohme=Eudeve.
Do’kana= Wichita.
Dolores—Nuestra Senora de los Dolores, Sandia,
Santa Maria de los Dolores.
Dolores de los Adaes=Nuestra Sefiora de los Do-
lores.
Domingo=Santo Domingo.
Do-no-ha-be=Dahnohabe.
Donondades=Tionontati.
Dononiiote=Oneida (vil.).
Don’t Laugh=K utaiimiks.
Doo-goo-son’=Tegotsugn.
Do-qua-chabsh= Nuk watsamish.
Dosapon=Tisepan.
Dos Pueblos=Miguihui.
Dotlekakat=Dotle.
Douaganhas=Chippewa, Ontwaganha.
Douesdonqua=Doustioni.
Douglas=Kaguyak.
Douglas Lake=Spahamin.
Douné Flanes-de-Chien=Thlingchadinne,
Dounie’ Espa-tpa-Ottiné= Esbataottine.
Doustiany=Doustioni.
Douwaganahs, Dovaganhaes=Ontwaganha,
pewa.
Dowaganahs=Chippewa.
Dowaganhaas, Dowaganhaes=Ontwaganha.
Dowaganhas=Chippewa, Ontwaganha.
Dowaganhoes=Ontwaganha.
Dowanganhaes=Chippewa, Ontwaganha.
Draguanes=Doguenes.
Drifting Goose band=Putetemini.
Drinkers of the Dew=Keresan Family.
Drynoch=Nokem.
Dshipowé-ha/ga—Chippewa.
Dsilanocilni=Dsihlnaothihlni.
Dsilgani=Dsihlthani.
Dsilnaog/ilgine, Dsilnaogi/lni, Dsi//naofi//ni=Dsih-
InaothihIni.
Dsi/tla ‘ni=Dsihltlani.
Dtcha-ta-uttine= Ettchaottine.
Dtcheta-ta-ut-tunne=Tsetautkenne.
*Dtinné= Athapascan Family.
Du-a+be’=Dwamish.
Duburcopota=Cubo Guasibayvia.
Ducktown=Kawanuyi.
Dugh-dwabsh=Dwamish.
Dugilu’yi=Tugaloo.
Du Haadé= Dostlaninagai.
Du-hle-lips=Tulalip.
Diksa/i, Dukw’sa/i=Toxaway.
Dulchanois, Dulchinois=Dulchioni.
Dul-dul’-ca-wai-4-mé= Duldulthawaiame.
Dumna=Tumna.
Dumplin Town=Atagi.
Duné=Athapascan Family.
Dunewangua= Deyohnegano.
Dungeness—Yennis.
Dununuk=Tanunak.
Dus-ga-6-weh-o-no=Tuscarora.
Dusty Nose=Iowa.
Dutagamis= Foxes,
Duwano=T wana.
Dwahmish=Dwamish.
Dwa-ka-né%, Dwa-ka-nha’=Chippewa.
Dwi’-wa=Santo Domingo.
Dyudoosot=Deyodeshot.
Dza’/wadEénox"=Tsawatenok.
Dzitsi/stas=Cheyenne.
Chip-
| Dzos haedrai’=Djus-hade.
Eagle=Khuya.
Eagle-ey’d Indians= Migichihiliniou.
Eagle Harbor=Orlova.
Eagle head (band) =Tintaotonwe.
Eagle people=Hangkaahutun, Cheghita.
Eambosandata=K hemnichan.
Eamuses= Yamasee.
Eanbosandata= K hemnichan.
Eano= Eno.
E-an-to-ah=Jatonabine.
E-ar’-ke= Hopi.
Ear Rings=Kalispel.
Earth= Manyinka.
Earth Eaters= Hohandika.
Earth-lodge= Mandhinkagaghe.
Eascab—Jatonabine.
East Abecka= East Abeika.
1052
Eastanora=Ustanali.
East Congeata, East Congeeto, East Coongeeto—Co-
uechitou.
Eastern Apache=Querechos.
Eastern Folks=Etheneldeli.
Eastern Sioux=Santee.
Eastern Snakes=Washakie’s Band.
Eastinaulee=Ustanali.
Eastlanders= A bnaki.
East Moka-Lassa=Imongalasha Skatane.
Eastward Indians=Eastern Indians.
East Yazoo, East Yazoo Skatane= Yazoo Skatane.
Ea-tau-bau—Catawhba.
Eaters=Omisis.
Eat no dogs=Shungkayuteshni.
Eat the ham= Wolutayuta.
Ebahumo= Ebahamo.
Ebeetap-Oocoola=Ebita Poocola Skatane.
Ebicerinys= Nipissing.
Ebikuita, Ebiquita=Mescalero.
Ebitap-oocoolo-cho=Ebita Poocola Chitto.
Ecanchatty=Kanchati.
Ecclemachs= Esselen.
Echay=Itseyi.
Echebools, E-chee-lute=Tlakluit.
Echeetees= Hitchiti.
Echehoa= Echojoa.
Echeles=Hitchiti.
E-che-loot, E-che-lute=Tlakluit.
Echemins= Malecite.
Eche-mo-hua-vas=Chemehueyi.
Echeta, Echetee, Echetes, Echeti, Echetii—Hitchiti.
_ Echia=Itseyi.
Echi-mo-hua-vas—Chemehuevi.
E-chip-é-taA=Siksika.
Echitis, Echitos=Hitchiti.
E/-cho=Itchualgi.
Echoe, Echoee=Itseyi.
Echonova=Echojoa.
Echunticas=K otsoteka.
E-chuse-is-li-gau=Istudshilaika.
Ecita=Ucita.
Eckanachacu, Eckanakaka=Ikanachaka.
Eclemaches= Esselen.
Econachaca=I kanachaka.
Econautckky, Econautske=Ikanhatki.
Ecoree=Ecorce.
Ecquamish=Hahuamis.
Ecrevisses rouges=Chakchiuma.
Ecselenas, Ecselenes= Esselen.
Ecumchate, E-cun-cha-ta, E-cun-chate=Kanchati.
E-cun-hut-ke, Ecunhutlee=Ikanhatki.
dawika—Kadohadacho.
Edchautawoot, Edchawtawhoot dinneh, Edchawta-
whoot tinneh, Edchawtawoot=Etchareottine.
Ede-but-say = Kainah.
Edgpuluk=Edgpiiliik.
Edistoes, Edistow= Edisto.
Edjiére-tpou-kké-nade= Edjieretrukenade.
Edohwe=Kikatsik.
Edshaw-tawoot=Etchareottine.
Eekuk=Ekuk.
Eemitches=Imiche.
Eeno=Eno.
Eefnivwin=Erniywin. :
Eert-kai-lee=Kutchakutchin.
Ee-ta-sip-shov=Sans Arcs.
Egeish=Eyeish.
Egowik=Iguik.
Egues= Eudeve.
Egusanna cahel= Eguianna-cahel.
Eh-aht-tis-aht=Ehatisaht.
Ehanktonwanna, E-hank-to-wana= Yanktonai.
Ehateset, E’hatisath, Ehatt-is-aht—Ehatisaht.
Ehawhokales=sawokli.
E-hawn-k’-t’-wawn-nah= Yanktonai.
E-hawn-k’-t’-wawns= Yankton.
Ehelutes=Tlakluit.
Ehesepiooc=Chesapeake.
Eh-grertsh=Miskut.
£h-ha-tza—Ehartsar.
Ehihalis=—Chehalis.
Eh-nek= Amaikiara.
Ehonkeronons=Kichesipirini.
Eh8ae=Ehouae.
Eh-qua-nek=Shanamkarak.
Ehriehronnons= Erie.
Ehta-Gottine=Etagottine.
EASTANORA—E-NAT’-ZA
[B. A. B.
Ehta-tch6-Gottine— Etatchogottine.
Ehwae=Ehouae.
Ei-dan-noo= Eidenu.
Eioestures=Eneeshur.
Eiotaro=Coyoteros.
Eirichtih= Arapaho.
Eithinyook, Eithinyoowuc—Cree.
Eityam=Lajas.
Eivesteurs= Eneeshur.
Eivillinmiut=Aivilirmiut.
Eiwili=Aivilik.
Eiwillik= Aivilirmiut.
Ejujuajuin=Idjorituaktuin.
Ekadlu’/hsuin=Imnongana.
Ekaluktalugumiut= Ekaluktaluk.
Ekeenteeronnon= Huron.
Ekhiondaltsaan= Ekiondatsaan,
Ekiligamut=Ekilik.
Ekklemaches=Esselen.
Ekogmuts=Ikogmiut.
E-ko-to-pis-taxe=Ekatopistaks.,
Ekouk=Ekuk.
Ekpimi=Shasta.
Ekuiks=Ekuks.
Ekw/lath— Ekoolthaht.
E kun duts ke, Ekunhutke=Ikanhatki,
E-ki-pa-be-ka=Ekupabeka.
Ela-a-who=Etleuk.
Elagibucto=Richibucto.
Elah-Sa= Hidatsa.
Elatse’yi= Ellijay.
Elawa/diyi= Red Clay.
Elaws=Catawba.
El Cabezon=Cerro Cabezon.
El Corral=Corral.
Elder Brothers= Hathawekila.
Elder Osages=Pahatsi.
El’é-idlin-Gottine=Eleidlinottine.
Elewalies=Huhliwahli.
El Gusano=Seyupa.
El/-hwa=Elwha.
Elijoy= Ellijay.
Eljiman=E]jman.
El Juez Tarado=Hueso Parado.
Elk=Hotachi, Huwanikikarachada, Khotachi.
Elkatcha=Alkehatchee.
ql’ katco=Ilkatsho.
El-ke-ai/=Sia.
Elk gens= Anpanenikashika, Wezhinshte.
Elk‘la/sumH = Bellabella.
Elk Mountain Utes, Elk Mountain Yutas—Senyarits.
Elk river tribe=Eel River Indians.
Elkwah=Elwha.
Ellzu cathlans-coon-hidery = Naikun-kegawai.
Elmian=Eljman.
El Moro—El Morro.
Eloot=Tlakluit.
Elpawawe=Alpowna.
El Pinal Apaches=Pinalefio.
El Pueblo de los Siete Arroyos=Tenabo.
El Pueblo Quemado=Tzenatay.
Elqi/miH=Tsimshian.
El Tunque=Tungge.
E-lute=Tlakluit.
Elwahs= Elwha.
Em-aleom= Homalko.
Emam8eta= Emamoueta.
Emarhe= Ematlochee’s Town.
Emat=Emet.
Emeaes, Emeges, Emenes, Emes=Jemez.
Emetgale axa cang= Paya.
Emexes=Jemez.
Emissourita= Missouri.
Emlh-wilh-laht= Ucluelet.
Emmes=Jemez.
Emola= Homolua,
Em-tim/-bitch=Intimbich.
Emucfau, Emuckfau, Emuckfaw,
Imukfa.
Emusas= Emussa.
Enacapen=Enecappe.
E-nagh-magh=Tigua.
E-nam=Inam.
Enansa— Quapaw.
Enanthayonni=Toryohne.
Enarhonon= Arendahronons.
E-nat/-za= Hidatsa.
Emukfau=
BULL. 30]
Encantada Mesa=Katzimo.
Encarnacion, Encarnacion Sutaquison=Sudacson.
- Enchanted Mesa=Katzimo.
Encierro= Pueblo del Encierro,
Enclataws=Lekwiltok.
Endastes=Conestoga.
Enecaq=Enecappe.
E-nee-sher=Eneeshur.
Eneguape=Enecappe.
Enek= Amaikiara.
Enepiahe, Enepiahe, Enepiahoes=Ervipiames.
Enequaque=Enecappe.
E-ne-show, E-ne-shur, Eneshure, Enesteurs=Enee-
shur.
Enfula= Eufaula.
English Bay= Alexandrovsk.
English Indians= Apalachicola.
English town=Inkillis Tamaha.
English Towns=Oklahannali.
Engna= Henaggi.
Enitachopko= Anatichapko.
En-ke-map-o-tricks= Nkamaplix.
En-ke-mip= Nkamip.
Enk-ka-sa-ba=Inkesabe.
Enna-k’é, En-na-k’ie’= Eskimo.
Ennas=Cree.
Ennikaragi= Amikwa.
Enneyuttehage=Oneida (vil.).
Enoe= Eno.
Enook-sha-lig=Inugsulik.
Enotochopco, Enotochopko= Anatichapko.
E-no-tucks=Inotuks.
Enquisacoes= Arkokisa.
Ensanich=Sanetch.
Ensenes= Esselen.
Enta-otin=Tautin.
Entari ronnon=Cherokee.
Entimbich=Intimbich.
Entouhonorons, Entwohonoron= Seneca.
E-nyaé-va Pai= Yavapai.
E-oh=E-eh.
Eokoros= Arikara.
Eoote-lash-Schute=Ootlashoot.
Eototo winwi, E-o’-to-to wun-wi=Eototo.
E-ow-ick=Chamisso.
E-pa=Walapai.
E-pe-sau-gee=Ipisogi.
Epesengles, Epicerinyens, Epicerinys, Epiciriniens,
Episingles, Epissingue=Nipissing.
Epithapa=Popotita.
E-poh-si-miks=Ipoksimaiks.
Equalett=Ekoolthaht.
Equi=Eudeve.
Equinipichas=Acolapissa.
Equituni=Aquitun.
Erabacha= Uzutiuhi.
Erawika—Kadohadacho.
Ercansaques=Kansa.
Erchipeetay=Siksika.
Erettchi-ottineé=Etcheridiegottine.
Erians= Erie.
Erie=Rique.
Erieckronois, Erieehronons, Eriehronon, Erielho-
nons, Erieronons, Eriez, Erigas—Erie.
Erige=Rique.
Erige Tejocharontiong=Tiosahrondion.
Erike=Rique.
Eriniouai, Eriniwek=Tllinois.
E-ri-o=Erio.
Eriwoneck=Eriwonec.
Erkiléit=Kutchin.
Ermomex=FEriwonec.
Erocoise=Iroquois.
Eromaha=Omaha.
Ergigdlit=Adlet.
Errieronons= Erie.
Ersegontegog— Arosaguntacook,
Erskins= Eskini.
E-rus/-si=Erusi.
Esanapes, Esanopes= Essanape.
Esanties=Santee.
Esau, Esaws==Catawba.
Escabaca-Cascastes= Escaba.
Escamacu=Uscamacu.
Escanjaques, Escansaques, Escanxaques=Kansa
Escelen, Escelenes, Escellens—Esselen.
Escequatas=Mescaleros.
Eschentown=Punxsutawny.
ENCANTADA MESA—E’-TCU-LET LOUN-NE
1053
E. Scihous=Santee.
Esclaves=Etchareottine, Thlingchadinne,
Escoumin, Escoumins= Eskimo.
Escurieux=Ecureuil.
Eselenes= Esselen.
Esewonecks=Eriwonec.
Eshkibod= Eskimo.
Esikwita=Mescaleros, Kiowa Apache,
Eskeemoes= Eskimo.
Eskelen= Esselen.
E-skel-lute, Eskeloot=Tlakluit.
Eskiaeronnon=Chippewa.
Eskima, Eskimantsik, Eskimantzik,
Eskimaux= Eskimo.
Eskimaux=Eskimauan Family.
Eskimeaux, Eskimesi= Eskimo.
Eskimo=Eskinauan Family.
Es-kin= Eskini.
Es-kin-e-nar=Tzecheschinne.
Es-kin’-ni-zin=Destchin. :
Es-kin-os/-pus=Tzetses-adn.
Es-ki/-u-do’-ra= Destchin.
Es-kopiks=Nascapee.
Eskoros=Arikara. _
Eslen, Eslenes=Esselen.
Esopes, Esopuz= Esopus.
Espatingh=Hespatingh.
Es-pa-to-ti-na, Espa-tpa-Ottine= Esbataottine.
Espeleta=Oraibi.
Espicheates=Spichehats.
Espiritu Santo de Cocorin=Cocori.
Esquansaques= Kansa.
Esquiates= Hesquiat.
Esquimantsic, Esquimau, Esquimaux—= Eskimo,
Esquimaux= Esquimauan Family.
Esquimeaux, Esquimones= Eskimo.
Es-ree-que-tees= Mescaleros.
Es-sah’-ah-ter=Santee.
Es-san-a-pis, Essannapes= Essanape.
Essapookoon= Mountain Crows.
Essa-queta= Kiowa Apache.
Essekwitta, Es-se-kwit/-ta= Mescaleros.
Esselenes= Esselen.
Essenapes= Essanape.
Esse-qua-ties= Mescaleros.
Essequeta= Kiowa Apache.
Essi-kuita= Mescaleros.
Essinaboin= Assiniboin.
Esson=Santee.
Estaboga=Istapoga.
Es-ta-ke-wach= Astakiwi.
Estalaoe= Estatoee.
Estanaula= Ustanali.
Estanxaques= Kansa.
E-sta-pa’= Histapenumanke.
Estatoe, Estatoie= Estatoee.
Estechemains, Estecheminés,
cite.
Estiaghes, Estiaghicks—Chippewa.
Estilococo= Estocoloco.
Estjage— Chippewa.
Estok pakai peyap=Comecrudo.
Estok pakawaila= Pakawa.
Estolococo= Estocoloco.
Estotowe, Estotowe great—Estatoee.
Estward Indians= Eastern Indians.
E-swhedip=Ishwidip.
Eta=Cree.
-ta-a-tea yuin’né, E-ta-a-t’ vit yunne= Etaattha-
tunne.
E-tach-e-cha=Iteshicha.
Eta-gottiné=Dahotena.
Etah=Ita.
Etak buoh, Etakmurs=Etakmehu.
E-ta-leh= Arapaho.
E-tall-wau=Taluamikagi.
E-ta-ni-o= Atsina.
E-tans-ke-pa-se-ta-qua= Assiniboin.
Eta-Ottine= Etagottine.
Etchapé-ottiné = Etchareottine.
Etchemons= Malecite.
Etchian-Kpét=Chitsa.
Etchimins, Etchimis— Malecite.
Etchipoés= Chippewa.
Etchitas— Hitchiti.
Etch-kah-taw-wah=Dakubetede.
Etchmins= Malecite.
Etchoe, Etchowee=Itseyi.
Eskimauk,
Estechemins= Male-
| E’-teu-lét yiin-né, E’-teu-lit/=Echulit,
1054
Etechemies, Etechemin, Etechemines, Etecheminii,
Etecheneus, Etemankiaks, Eteminquois= Malecite.
Etewans=Etiwaw.
Etharita= Etarita.
Ethen-eltéli= Etheneldeli.
Ethinu, Ethinyu=Cree.
Etichimenes= Malecite.
Etichita= Hitchiti.
Etionnontatehronnons, Etionnontates=Tionontati.
E-tish-shoka= Etshoka.
Etiwans=Etiwaw.
Etneémi tane, Etnémi-tenéyu= Umpqua.
Eto-cale=Ocali.
Etohlugamiut=Etoluk.
Eto-husse-wakkes=Itahassiwaki.
Etschimins= Malecite.
Etsh-tawut-dinni= Etchareottine.
Etsi-kin= Etsekin.
Etsitu’biwat=Ditsakana.
Et-tah-kin-nee= Walpi.
Ettchéri-dié-Gottiné= Etcheridiegottine.
Ettine-tinney= Etheneldeli.
Etuck Chukké= Etuk Chukke.
Etzamish=Songish.
Euchas= Yuchi, Yuma.
Euchees= Yuchi, Yukichetunne.
Eucher, Euches= Yukichetunne.
Euchitaws= Hitchiti.
Euchre, Euchre Creek= Yukichetunne.
Euclataw=Lekwiltok.
Euclitus= Lekwiltok, Tsakwalooin.
Eudebe, Eudeva=Eudeve.
Eufala’s, Eufalee, Eufantees= Eufaula.
Euforsee= Hiwassee.
Eufath, Eufaulahatche, Eu-fau-lau, Eu-fau-lau-hat-
che, Eufaule, Eufaulies, Eufollahs, Eufowlas=
Eufaula.
Euhchee= Yuchi.
Euimes=—Jemez.
Eukas= Yukian Family:
E-ukshikni, E-ukskni= Klamath.
Eukwhatsum=Ikwopsum.
Eu/nmun= Avak.
Euphalau, Euphales= Eufaula.
Eu-qua-chee, Eu-quah-chee= Yukichetunne.
Euquatops= Mescaleros,
Eurocs= Yurok.
Eus-a-nich=Sanetch.
E’-ushkni= Klamath.
Eusquemays= Eskimo.
Eustenaree= Ustanali.
Eutahs, Eutaw=Ute.
Eutchees= Yuchi. ig
Eutempeche's=Intimbich.
Euyrons= Huron.
Eves= Erie.
Evists-uni-pahis = Heviqsnipahis.
Ewahoos=Ewawoos.
Ewany=Yowani.
Ewa’wus, E-w-aw-was=Ewawoos.
Ewemalas=Alibamu.
Ewinte= Uinta.
sh cae Ewlhwiehaht, Ewl-hwilh-aht=Uclue-
et.
E-wu-ha-wu-si=Shoshoni.
Exaloaping=Ekaloaping.
Exalualuin=Ekalualuin.
Exaluaqdjuin= Ekaluakdjuin.
Exaluin= Ekaluin.
Exaluqdjuaq= Ekalukdjuak.
Excanjaque, Excausaquex= Kansa.
Excellemaks= Esselen.
Excomminqui, Excomminquois= Eskimo.
Ex e ni nnth=Cexeninuth.
Exepiahohé= Ervipiames.
Exoluin=Ekaluin.
E’ yack-im-ah= Yakima.
Eyakini diné= Hopi.
Eyank-ton-wah= Yanktonai.
Eyish= Ey eish.
Eythinyuwuk=Cree.
Factory Indians—Sukinatcha.
Facullie=Takulli.
Fallatahs, Fallatrahs=Atfalati.
Fall Indians=Atsina, Clowwewalla, Des Chutes,
Pawating.
Falls Indians= Des Chutes.
Falls Viliage—Gaskosada,
ETECHEMIES—¥ORT RUPERT
[B. A. B:
Falsav(o)ins= Menominee.
False Creek=Snauk.
False Dungeness=Stehtlum, Yennis.
Faraona, Faraon Apaches, Faraones, Fardones, Far-
reon Apaches= Faraon.
Fat Cavity clan=Wikorzh.
Fatehennyaha= Hotalihuyana.
Father Fremin’s village=Totiakton.
Fat Roasters=Ipoksimaiks.
Faux Tétes-Plates—Salish.
Fa-wac-car-ro=Tawakoni.
Fawalomnes=Tuolumne.
Feaga—Jeaga.
Fejuas=Tejua
Fe-jyu=Fejiu.
Felles avoins= Menominee.
Femmes blanches= White Woman’s Town.
Ferconteha, Fercouteha=Serecoutcha.
Fetkina=Chnagmiut.
Fetoutlin= Fetutlin.
Fia=Mecastria.
Fiapuzi=Trea, Guatitruti.
Filifaes, Filijayas=Tilihaes.
Fire Heart’s band=Chantapeta’s Band.
Fire-house=Tebugkihu.
Fire Indians, Fire Nation= Mascoutens.
Fish-eaters= Assiniboin, Mameoya, Tazaaigadika,
Timpaiavats, Winnebago.
Fish gens= Huinikashika.
Fish Lake= Komkonatko.
Fishpond, Fish-Pond Town= Hlahlokalka.
Fish Utes=Seuvarits.
| Five Canton Nations, Five Indian Cantons, Five
Mohawk Nations, Five Nations=Iroquois.
Five Nations of the Sciota Plains= Mingo.
Flachbogen=Kitunahan Family, Lower Kutenai.
Flambeau, Lac du= Wauswagiming.
Flanakaskies= Monahassano.
Flancs de chien=Thlingchadinne.
Flandreau Sioux= Flandreau Indians.
Flat Belly’s Village=Papakeecha.
Flatbow=Kitunahan Family.
Flatbows= Lower Kutenai.
Flat Bows=Puhksinahmahyiks.
Flathead Kootanie= Kalispel.
Flatheads=Catawba, Chinook, Choctaw, Histape-
numanke, Muskhogean Family, Nez Percés,
Salishan Family, Spokan, Tushepaw, Waxhaw.
Flathead-Selish=Salish.
Flats=Choctaw.
Flat-side Dogs=Thlingchadinne,
Flattery= Makah.
Flonk’-o= Lolanko.
Flores= Las Flores.
Flour Village=Corn Village.
Fly gens=Itamalgi.
Foille avoine Chippeways= Munominikasheenhug.
Follaties=Atfalati.
Folleavoine, Folles, Folles Avoines, Fols, Fols
Avoin, Fols Avoines, Folsavoins= Menominee.
| Fols Avoin Sauteaux, Fols-avoin-Sauters=Muno-
minikasheenhug.
Fols-avoise= Menominee, Munominikasheenhug.
Folsovoins= Menominee.
Fondagame= Roche de Beeuf.
Fond du Lac= Wiaquahhechegumeeng.
Fond du Les Loucheux=Tatlitkutchin.
Fonechas= Pohoniche.
Foolish Dogs= Hosukhaunu.
Foosce-hat-che, Fooschatchee,
Fooskahatche= Fusihatchi.
Foot Assiniboines=Gens de Pied.
Ford's Prairie=Talal.
Foremost= Hanga.
Forestdale ruin=Tundastusa.
Forked tree= Waganakisi.
Fort Augusta=Shamokin.
Fort Chinnabie=Chinnaby’s Fort
Fort Franklin= Venango.
Fort George=Leitli.
Fort Hamilton=Nunapithlugak.
Fort Hope=Sakahl.
Fort Indians= Kutchakutchin.
Fort Kenai= Kenai.
Fort Machault, Fort Mackhault, fort of Venango=
Venango.
Fort Queen=Sequim.
Fort Reliance= Nuklako.
Fort Rupert=Tsahis,
Foosee Hatchee,
BULL. 30]
Fort Rupert Indiaus=K wakiutl.
Fort Schamockin=Shamokin.
Fort Simpson= Port Simpson.
Fort Simpson Indians=Tsimshian.
Fort Town=Neamathla.
Fosters Bar=Tiaks.
Fou-ka-was= Tonkawa.
Foul Town= Fowl Town.
Fountain= Huhilp.
Four Crows band= Watsequeorda’s band.
Four Peak Indians= Pinal Coyotero, Tontos.
Fowl Town=Tutalosi.
Foxers= Foxes.
Foxes=Chula.
Franceses= Pawnee.
Francisco de Necha=San Francisco de los Tejas.
Francisco Xavier—San Francisco Xavier de Viggé
Biaundo.
Franckstown= Frankstown.
Fraser’s Lake Village=Natleh.
Freckled Panis= Wichita.
Fredericstahl= Frederiksdal.
French Catharinestown, French Catherines town=
Catherine’s Town.
French Mohawks=Caughnawaga.
French Prairie Indians= A hantchuyuk.
French Praying Indians=Caughnawaga,
French Town=Ostonwackin.
Frente Negra Mts.—Tutuetac.
Fresh meat necklace people=Talonapin.
Frieden Huetten, Friedenshutten= Friedenshuet-
ten. .
Friedensstadt= Languntennenk.
Frijoleros= Papago.
Friyti=Guatitruti.
Frog Indians= Manta.
Fronteras=Corodeguachi.
Fruson= Tucson.
Fuchs-Aleuten= Unalaska.
Fucson=Tucson.
Fuketcheepoonta= Faluktabunnee.
Fulawin= Menominee.
Fulemmy’s= Pinder Town.
Fulsowines= Menominee.
Fusahatche= Fusihatchi.
Fushi= Hatakfushi.
Futun=Jutun.
Fwah=Fwaha.
Ga/-dn-do-wa-na"n=Gaandowanang.
Ga-a"-no’-ge'=Gaanoge.
Ga-a-no’-ga, Ga’-a-no-geh, Ga-d-no.-ge/=Nyutcir-
haat.
Gabrilenos=Gabrieleno.
Gacheos=Cayuga.
Gachimantiagon=Buckaloon.
Gachnawas-haga—Conoy.
Gachoi, Gachoos, Gachpas=Cayuga.
Ga/-da-ga"s’-geo", Gada’/gesgao—Cattaraugus.
Ga-da’-o—Gadaho.
Gaga’n hit tan=Kaganhittan.
Gagara-Shapka= Pogoreshapka.
G-ag'g’ilak‘a—Gyagygyilakya.
Gaghasieanhgwe, Gaghsiungua,
Gaghsonshwa= Kashong.
Gagnieguez= Mohawk.
Gagsonghwa= Kashong.
Ga‘-ha"ya-ya°n’-da’k=Gahayanduk.
Gahasieanhgwe= Kashong.
Gahéwa= Kiowa.
Gahkwas= Erie.
Ga-hna-wa’-ge=Caughnawaga.
Gahooskins= Yahuskin.
Gah-tau’-go ten’-ni, Gah-tow-go tin’-ni=—Chintagot-
tine.
Ga’-i-gwu= Kiowa.
Gaiuckers=Cayuga.
Gai’wa= Kiowa.
Gajuka—Goiogouen.
Gajuquas, Gakaos—Cayuga.
Ga’L!ak!anasisi= Wakanasisi.
GaLa’/qstxoqL= Killaxthokle.
Galasteo—Galisteo.
Galcani= Kulchana.
Gal Doe= Kauldaw.
Galeese Creek Indians—Taltushtuntude.
Galiamoix=Katlamoik,
Gaghsonghgwa,
FORT RUPERT INDIANS—GA-NUN-TA’-AH
1055
Galice Creek=Taltushtuntude.
Galiste—Galisteo.
Galisteo— Heshota Ayathltona.
Galleace Creek=Taltushtuntude.
Gallisteo=—Galisteo.
Galtzanen, Galzanen, Galzani= Kulchana.
y’a/m3’amtElaL=Gamgamtelatl.
Gamoenapa, Gamoenepa, Gamonepa=Communi-
paw.
Ganachgeritawe—Seneca. -
Ga-na-da-a-gwan, Ga-na-da’/-gwa, Ga-nd-da-l6’-qua =
Canandaigua.
Ga-na-da-sa-ga,
Canadasaga.
Ganadatsiagon—Gandaseteiagon.
Ganadesaga=Canadasaga.
Ganadoke, Ga-na’-doque=Ganadogan.
Ganagarahhare, Ganagarah’hare= Venango.
Ganagaro= Kanagaro.
Ganaghsaragey, Ganaghsaragues—Ganasarage.
Ganagsadagas=Oka.
Ga-nah’-da-on-tweh=Ganedontwan.
Ganajohala’-que, Ganajoha’rla, Ganajohhore, Ga-na-
jo-hi’-e=Canajoharie.
Ganaraské=Ganeraske.
Ga-na-ta-la’-qua, Ganataqueh—Canandaigua.
Ganatcheskiagon=Gandaseteiagon.
Ganatisgowa=Sganatees.
Ganatoheskiagon =Gandaseteiagon.
Ganaway, Ganawense, Ganawese, Ganawoose, Ga-
nawses=Conoy.
Ganaxte’di=Ganahadi.
Ganciou, Gancydoes=Ganneious.
Gandachioragon, Gandachiragou= Deyodeshot.
Gandagan, Gandagarae, Gandagaro—Kanagaro.
Gandaowagué, Gandaouaqué, Gandaougue=Caugh-
nawaga.
Gandaschekiagon=Gandaseteiagon.
Gandastogega, Gandastogués—Conestoga.
Gandatsiagon, Gandatskiagon=Gandaseteiagon.
Gandawagué—Caughnawaga.
Gandougaraé= Kanagaro.
Gandules=Moenkopi.
Ganeagaonhoh, Ga-ne-a’-ga-o-no= Mohawk.
Ganechsatage, Ganechstage—Canadasaga.
Ga-ne-ga-ha’-ga—= Mohawk.
Ganeganaga=Cuughnawaga.
Ganeidos, Ganeious, Ganejou=Ganneious.
Ganentaa, Ganentaha—Gannentaha.
Ganeousse=Ganneious.
Ganesatague=Oka.
Ganeyont=Ganneious.
Gangascoe=Gangasco.
Gangawese=Conoy.
Ganiegueronons, Gani-inge, Gani-ingehaga, Ganinge-
hage= Mohawk.
Gannagaro= Kanagaro.
Gannaouagué—Caughnawaga.
Gannaouens=Conoy.
Gannaraské=Ganeraske.
Gannejouts, Ganneous, Ganneouse=Ganneious.
Ganniag8ari, Ganniagwari= Mohawk.
Ganniataratich-rone= Nanticoke.
Ganniegéhaga, Ganniégeronon, Ganniegez, Gannie-
gué, Ganniekez=Mohawk.
Ganniessinga—Conoy.
Ganningehage= Mohawk.
Gannogarae= Kanagaro.
Gannondata=Deyodeshot.
Gannongarae, Gannougarae=Kanagaro.
Gannounata=Deyodeshot.
Gano/-a-lo’-hale=Oneida (vil.).
Ga-no-d-o’-ha, Ga-no’a-o-ha =Ganowarohare.
Ganochiaragon = Deyodeshot.
Ga-no"-da’-a’ =Gannentaha.
Gano" waro’hare‘=Ganowarohare.
Ga-nosé-ga-go, Ga-nos’-ga-gon=Ganosgagong.
Ganossetage= Conestoga.
Ganowa’lohale, Ga/nowalohar’la—Ganowarohare.
Ga-no’-wau-ga—Caughnawaga.
Ganowauges=Ganawagus.
Ganowiha=Ganowarohare.
Gansa’gi, Gansaégiyi= Kansaki.
Ganstero= Yuma.
Gantsi= Kiowa Apache.
Ga/nunda’gwa=Canandaigua.
Ga-nun’-daé-sa=Ganondasa.
Ga-nun-da-sa/-ga—Canadasaga.
Ga-nun-ta/-ah—Gannentaha,
Ga-na-da-sage, Ga-na-da-se’’-ge‘=
1056
Ganus’/gago, Ganuskago—Ganosgagong.
Ga/nxet xa-idaga-i= Gunghet-haidagai.
G:anyakoilnagai= Aoyakulnagai.
Ga-on-‘hia/-di-on™ =Caneadea.
Ga-o-no’-geh= Nyuchirhaan.
Ga-o-sa-eh-ga-aah, Gao’sagao—Chinoshahgeh.
Gaot! a’k-an=Gaudekan.
Gi-o-tis-4-gé-0o = Chinoshahgeh.
Ga-o-us-geh=Gaousge.
Gio’ yadeo— Caneadea.
G:a’p!énox'= Kopsino.
Gappa=Quapaw.
Ga-qua’-ga-o-no= Erie.
Gaqui= Yaqui.
Gaqulis= Gakhulin.
Gaqulituli>’be=Gakhulinulinbe.
Gardeau, Gardow=Gadaho.
Garennajenhaga= Huron.
Garhawquash= Kashong.
Garote, Garotero, Garretero, Garrotero, Garrotes=
Yuma.
GAsa/n=Kasaan.
he Kassovo.
a’-sko ‘/-sa-da=Gaskosada.
Gaseenians, Gaspesies=Gaspesien.
Gataea= Kiowa Apache.
G‘at’aiwas= Masset.
GANuS/GAGO—G ‘IG ‘ILQAM
Gataka= Kiowa Apache.
Gat hi/ni=Gutheni.
Gathsiungua= Kashong.
Gatla/nakoa-iq—Cathlanahquiah.
Ga’tlap’otlh—Cathlapotle.
Gatohua=Cherokee.
Gatqstax= Wakanasisi.
Gattacka= Kiowa Apache.
Gattéchwa=Cherokee.
Gatu’gitse’, Gatu’gitse’yi—Catatoga.
Gatin/lti/yi= Hemptown.
Gauamuitk= Waginkhak.
Gaud-ah-kan—Gaudekan.
Ga’/-u-gwa=Goiogouen.
Ga-u/-gweh=Cayuga.
Ga-un-do’/-wa-na=Gaandowanang.
Gavan= Kodiak.
Gavanskoe, Gavanskoi, Gawanskoje=Iliuliuk.
Gawia= Kawia.
Gawicila— Kawishila.
Gawi-lapteck—Kawilapchk.
Gayuga=Cayuga.
Gecualme=Tecualme.
Gecuiches= Kawia.
Gediack=Shediac.
Ge-e-way, Ge-e-we=Santo Domingo.
Geghdageghroano, Geghtigeghroones=[lIlinois.
G’eg’’0/te=Gyegyote.
Geliec=Geliac.
Gelinos=Gila Apache.
Gelo=—Geliac.
Gemes, Gemex, Gemez=Jemez.
Gemoenepaen, Gemoenepaw=Communipaw.
Genalga— Atchinaalgi.
Ge-nega's band=Genega.
Genesee, Genessees= Geneseo.
Genevavi=Guevavi.
Genicuiches, Genigneihs, Genigueches,
Geniguichs=Serranos.
Geniocane= Heniocane.
Genizaros=Tomé.
Genneces, Gennesse= Geneseo.
Gens de bois=Hankutchin, Tutchonekutchin.
seat de bouleau, Gens de Bouleaux=Tennuthkut-
chin.
Gens de butte=Tenankutclun.
Gens de Canot= Watopapinah.
Gens de Castor=Tsattine.
Gens de faux= Hankutchin.
Gens de Feu= Mascoutens.
Gens de Feuille= Wahpeton.
Gens de Feuillees, Gens de Feuilles=Itscheabine.
Gens de Feuilles-tirées= Wahpekute.
Gens de fine, Gens de Fou, Gens de foux=Hanku-
tehin.
Gens de la Barbue= Marameg.
Gens de l’abri=Tatsakutchin.
Gens de Lac=Mdewakanton.
Gens de la Feuille=Itscheabine.
Gens de la fourche du Mackenzie= Eleidlinottine.
Gens de l’age= Watopachnato.
Gens de la Grande Riviere=Nakotchokutchin.
Genigueh,
[B. A. B.
Gens De Lai=Mdewakanton.
Gens de la Loutre= Nikikouek.
Gens de la Mer du Nord= Mer, Gens de la.
Gens de la Montagne= Etagottine.
Gens de la Montagne la Corne= Etechesottine.
Gens de Large= Natsitkutchin.
Gens de la riviére au Foin= K lodesseottine.
Gensde l’Outarde=Ouikaliny.
Gens de Marais= Monsoni.
Gens de Mer= Mer, Gens de la; Winnaluees
Gens de Milieu=17' angesatsa.
Gens d’En-haut= Etagottine.
Gens de Orignal= Mousonee.
Gens de Panse= Allakaweah.
Gens de Pitie=Shoshoko.
Gens-de-ralt, Gens de rats=Tukkuthkutehin.
Gens de Roche=Jatonabine.
Gens des Bois= Esbataottine, Hankutchin, Tschan-
toga.
Gens des Buttes=Tenankutchin.
Gens des Canoe, Gens des canots, Gens des caruts=
Watopapinah.
Gens des Chaudiéres= Colville.
Gens des chévres= Esbataottine.
Gens des Corbeau=Crows.
Gens de Serpent=Shoshoni.
Gens des fees or Girls=Itscheabine.
Gens des Feuilles= Wahpeton.
Gens des Feuilles tirees= Wahpekute.
Gens des filles=Itscheabine.
Gens des Foux=Tutchonekutchin.
Gens des grand diable=Watopachnato.
Gens de siffeur=Teahinkutchin.
Gens des Montagnes=Chabin, Chipewyan.
Gens des Montagnes-Rocheuses= Etagottine.
Gens des Osayes= Fanintauei.
Gens des Pin= Wazikute.
Gens des Rats= Vuntakutchin.
Gens des Roches, Gens des rosches=Jatonabine.
Gens des Serpent=Shoshoni.
Gens des Soulier=Amahami.
Gens des Tee=Itscheabine.
Gens des Terres=Tétes de Boule.
Gens des vach= Arapaho.
Gens de Tee=Oseegah.
Gens de wiz—Tutchonekutchin.
| Gens du Caribon, Gens du Caribou=Attikiriniou-
etch.
Gens du Cuivre=Tatsanottine.
Gens du fond du lac=Tatlitkutchin.
Gens du Fort Norman= Desneceyarelottine.
Gens du Gauche= Watopachnato.
Gens du Lac= Mdewakanton, Minishinakato.
Gens du lac la Truite= Etchaottine.
Gens du Large=Natsitkutchin, Watopachnato.
Gens du Nord=Northern Assiniboin.
Gens du Petun=Tionontati.
Gens du Poil=Chintagottine.
Gens du Rat= Vuntakutchin.
Gens du Sable=Sable.
Gens du Sang= Miskouaha, Kainah.
Gens du Sault= Pawating.
Gens du Serpent=Shoshoni.
Gens en l’air= Etagottine.
Centagega, Gentaguetehronnons=Gentaienton.
Gentlemen Indians= Waco.
Genuvskoe= Henya.
Georgiefskaia— Kasilof.
Géq’o/lEqoa=Gyekolekoa.
Gerguensens, Gerzuensens=Gergecensens.
Get-an-max= Kitanmaiksh.
Gete’kitigan—Gatagetegauning.
Ge-wa-ga, Ge-waw-ga=Gewauga.
G:é/xsEm=Gyeksem.
G-é/xsEms’anaL—Gyeksemsanatl.
Gha’-hi-tai/neo= Khanitan.
Ghecham=Luiseno. _
Ghuil-chan= Kulchana.
Ghula’-napo= Kuhlanapo.
Gi-aucth-in-in-e-wug, Gi-aucth-in-ne-wug= Hidatsa,
Gibbaways=Chippewa.
Gibola= Zuni.
Giburi=Quiburi.
Gicarillas—Jicarilla.
Gidanemuk=Serranos.
Gieschgumanito—= Kiskiminetas.
Gig’ abu= Kickapoo.
Gi 'e" EqEmaé=Gyigyekemae.
G'i’g‘ilgam=Gyigyilkam,
BULL. 30]
Gijames=Sijame.
Gikapu= Kickapoo.
Gikidanum=Serranos.
Gilakhamiut=Gilak.
GiLa’lélam=Nisal.
Gilands=Coyoteros.
Gilans=Gila Apache.
GiLa’peo-i=Gitlapshoi.
Gila Pimas= Pima.
GiLa’q! ulawas=K walhioqua.
Gilas=Gila Apache.
GiLa’xicateck=Watlala.
GiLa’xwilapax= Willopah.
Gilena, Gileno, Gilenos Apaches=Gila Apache.
Gillamooks= Tillamook.
Gi’/manoitx= Kitlope.
Gina’s= Kiowa Apache.
Ginebigénini=Shoshoni.
Ginetéwi Sawanégi— Absentee.
Gingaskins—Gangasco.
Gingoteque=Chincoteague.
Ginnacee—Geneseo.
Gin-se-ua=Gyusiwa.
Giopas=Ojiopas.
Gi-oshk=Gyaushk.
Giowaka-a’, Giowatsa-a’—Santa Clara.
Gipanes= Lipan.
Gi-pu-i=Gipuy.
Girls’ band=Itscheabine.
Gis-twe-ah’-na= Hastwiana.
Gitanemok, Gitanemuk, Gitanemum= Serranos.
Git-an-max=Kitanmaiksh.
Gita’q;émas—Clackama.
Gitases— A tasi.
Git-au-max=Kitanmaiksh.
Gita’xwilapax—=Willopah.
Git !e’/ks= Kitaix.
Gitins—Got.
Gitla’tlpeleks— Palux.
Gitla’wewalamt=Clowwewalla.
Gits’ aji= Kichai.
Gittci’s=Kitzeesh.
Gituns=Got.
Glagla-heéa, Glagla-hetca =Glaglahecha,
Gleese Cleek—Taltushtuntude.
Gleta=Isleta.
Glisteo—Galisteo.
Gnacsitaries—Gnacsitare.
Gnaden Auetten=Gnadenhuetten.
Gnapaws=Quapaw.
Gnasitares, Gnasitaries—Gnacsitare
Go-about band— Detsanayuka.
Goasavas—Guazavas.
Goatcharones= Wacharones.
Goda—= Huda.
Godamyon—K watami.
Gogouins=Cayuga.
Gohontoto= Wyalusing.
Gohun—Tontos, Tulkepaia, Yavapai.
Goienho=Touenho.
Goiog8en—Goiogouen.
Goiogotiens—Cayuga.
Goiogouin=Goiogouen.
Goiogouioronons—Cayuga.
Goiogwen=Goiogouen.
Gojogoiien—Cayuga.
Gokapatagans— Kickapoo.
Go-ke-nim-nons= Bokninuwad.
Golden Hill (tribe) —Pauquaunuch.
Gol-doe=Kauldaw.
Gologamiut—Golok.
Goltzane, Golzan, Golzanen—K ulchana.
Gomez=Jemez.
Gonaraske—Ganeraske.
Gona’/xo—Gonaho.
Go’naxo koan—Gunachonken.
Gonega=Genega.
Gonejou—Ganneious.
Good Knife=Tanetsukanumanke.
Goodnight Indians—Beothukan Family.
Good-Road, Goodroads ( band), Goodrod’s band—
Oyateshicha.
Gooiogouen—Cayuga.
Goose Creek Diggers—Tussawehe,
G-o’p’éndx—Gyopenok.
Goricas= Yoricas.
Gorretas, Gorrettes, Gorrites— Manso,
Goschachguenk, Goschaching, Goschachking—
Coshocton,
2456—Bull. 30, pt 2—07—67
GIJ AMES—GUACANE
1057
Goschegoschuenk, Goschgoschuenk—G oshgoshunk.
Goschochking, Goshachking=Coshocton.
Go-sha-utes, Goshee Utes, Goshen Utes—Gosiute.
Goshgoshink—Goshgoshunk.
Goship, Goship Shoshones, Go-ship-Utes, Goshiss=
Goslute.
Goshochking—Coshocton.
Goshoots=Gosiute.
Gosh’-sho-o— Kassovo.
Go-shutes, Gosh Yuta, Gos-ta Utes—Gosiute.
Gos ventures=Gros Ventres.
Gote=Goch.
Gothescunqueon, Gothsenquean,
Gothsinquea= Kashong.
Goulapissas= Acolapissa.
Govero=Cubero.
Goxicas= Yoricas.
Goyagouins, Goyogans, Goyogoans, Goyogoin, Goyo-
gouans, Goyogouens=Cayuga.
Goyogouh=Goiogouen.
Goyogouin—Cayuga, Goiogouen.
Goyoguans, Goyoguen, Goyoguin, Goyoguoain, Go-
yo-gwe"‘—Cayuga,
Goyotero= Yuma.
Goyuka=Cayuga.
Gpaughlettes— Kishpachlaots.
Granada, Granade, Granado, Granata—Hawikuh.
Grand Coweta=Kawita.
Grande= Pueblo Pintado.
Grand Eaux, Grandes Eaux=Pahatsi.
Grandes pagnes— Paskwawininiwug.
Grand Osage= Pahatsi.
Grand Pans, Grand Par, Grand Paunee, Grand
Pawnee=Chaui.
Grand Quavira, Grand Quivira—Tabira.
Grand Rapids=Kezche.
Grand Romaine= Romaine.
Grand Ronde= Willewah.
Grands, Grands Panis=Chaui.
Grands Taensas=Taensa.
Grand Tuc, Grand Zo, Grand Zue—Pahatsi.
Gran Quivira=Quivira, Tabira.
Gran Quivra=Tabira.
Gran Teguaio—Teguayo.
Grasshopper Indians=Ute.
Grasshoppers= Masikota.
Grass Sound Indians=Huna.
Grays—Gray Village.
Grease Creek=Taltushtuntude.
Great Belly Indians—Gros Ventres.
Great Kammas—Tukuarika.
Great Miami village—Kekionga.
= Osage, Great Ossage, Great Ozages=Pa-
atsi.
Great Pawnee=Chaui.
Great Sawokli, Great Swaglaw—Sawokli.
Great Teguai=Teguayo,
Great Tellico=Tellico.
Great Village, Great White Apple Village— White
Apple.
Greek nation—Creeks.
Green River band= Akanaquint.
Green River Indians—Skopamish.
Green River Snakes= Washakie’s Band.
Green River Utahs= Akanaquint.
Greenville= Lakkulzap.
Green Wood Indians= Nez Percés.
Grenada, Grenade= Hawikuh.
Grey Eyes=Inshtasanda.
Grigas=Grigras.
Grizzly Bear gens=Mantuemkashika.
Gros Cap= Michipicoten.
Grosse Ventres, Grossventers, Gross-Ventres, Gross
Ventres proper=Gros Ventres.
Gros Ventre= Hidatsa.
Gros Ventre of the Fort Prairie, Gros Ventres, Gros
Ventres des Plaines, Gros Ventres des Prairies,
Gros Ventres of the Falls=—Atsina.
Gros Ventres of the Missouri~Gros Ventres.
Gros Ventres of the Prairie—Atsina.
Gros-Vents=Gros Ventres.
Grosvontres of the Prairie—Atsina.
Ground-Hog-Eaters= Yahandika.
Grouse Men=Sipushkanumanke.
Grovan=Gros Ventres.
G-tinkit, G’tinkit=Tlingit.
Gua=Quanmugua,
Guacane=Guancane.
Gothseunquean,
1058
Guachoia=Guachoya.
Guachoula, Guachoule=Guaxule.
Guachoyanque=Guachoya.
Guachule=Guaxule.
Guachurrones= Wacharones.
Guactum=San Serafin.
Guadalupe=Nuestra Sefiora de Guadalupe de los
Nacogdoches, Nuestra Sefiora de la Guadalupe,
Pojoaque, Zuni.
Guadalupe de los Nacogdoches= Nuestra Senora de
la Guadalupe.
Guadalupe del Paso= El Paso.
Guadalupe Nacori=Nacori.
Guadalupe Ocotan=Ocotan.
Guadalupe-Pa-Pagoe— Guadalupe.
Guadalupe Teuricachi=Teuricachi.
Guadelupe= Guadalupe.
Guaden Huetten=Gnadenhuetten.
Guaes= Kansa.
Guagarispa=Arizpe.
Guagenigronnons= Mohawk.
Guaicamaopa= Yacum.
Gu-ai-hendlas-hade= K weundlas.
Guak-s’n-a-mish=Squaxon.
Gualciones=Guaycones.
Gualliba, Gualliva=Walapai.
Gualpa, Gualpe, Gualpi, Gualpimas— Walpi.
Guamoa—Guamua.
Guananesses=Conoy.
Guanavepe=Guanabepe.
Guandastogues, Guandostagues= Conestoga.
Guanicarichic=Carichic.
Guapos= Wappo.
Guaquili=Aguaquiri.
Guaragunve, Guardgumve, Guardgunve—Guarun-
gunve.
Guardou=Gadaho.
Guarugumbe, Guarugunve,
gunve.
Guas=Guaes.
Guasabas=Guazavas.
Guasaca=Guacata.
Guasachis= Osage.
Guasamas=Cathlamet.
Guasamota=Guazamota.
Guasarochic=Guazarachic.
Guasavas=Guazavas.
Guasave=—San Pedro Guazave, Vacoregue.
Guasers=Guasas.
Gua-shil-la—Goasila.
Guasili, Guasuli=Guaxule.
Guatari= Wateree.
Gua’thlakanashishi= Wakanasisi.
Guathla’payak—Cathlapotle.
Guatitritti—Guatitruti.
Gua’ts’énog, Gua’ts’éndx=Quatsino.
Guatzinera= Huachinera.
Guau’aénog, Guau’aénéx=Guauaenok.
Guaxula=Guaxule.
Guayavas=Guazavas.
Guaypipa—Cuiapaipa.
Guazaca=Guazavas.
Guazapare=Guazapar.
Guazarachis=Guazarachic.
Guazas=Guasas, Kiowa.
Guazave= Vacoregue.
Guazavez=Guevavi.
Guazayepo=Guazapares.
Gubates=Tano.
Guchillo=Cuchillo.
Guebavi=Guevavi.
Gueiquizales=Gueiquesales.
Guelpee=Walpi.
Guenocks= Wenok.
Guerechic=Guerachic.
Guerechos=Querechos.
Gueres=Keresan Family.
Guerriers= Dakota.
Guerriers de la Roche, Guerriers de pierre=Assini-
boin.
Gué-u-gweh=Goiogouen.
Gueva=Guevu.
Guevavi-Gussudac=Guevavi.
Guhunes=Tontos.
Guibisnuches= Wiminuche.
Guichais= Kichai.
Guichita, Guichitta— Wichita.
Guichyana= Yuma.
Guiguimuches= Wiminuche.
Guarunguve=Guarun-
GU ACHOIA—GYITYTSA/XTL
[B. A. B.
Guilach= Wichita.
Guilistinons=—Cree.
Guillicas, Guilucos=Guilitoy.
Guimzique, Guin-se-ua=Gyusiwa.
Guiogouins= Cayuga.
Guipaca= Huepac.
Guipana= Kipana.
Guipaolave, Guipaulavi=Shipaulovi.
Guiperi, Guipui, Gui-pu-y=Gipuy.
Guiricata=San Juan de Dios.
Guiscat=Quiscat.
Guithl’akimas=—Clackama.
Guithlameth!=Cathlamet.
Guithlasko= Wasco.
Guithlia-ishalxi— Ktlaeshatlkik.
Guithli‘a-Kishatchk= Upper Chinook.
Guitzeis= Kichai.
Gui-yus=Ditsakana.
Gu'‘lani’yi=Guhlaniyi.
Gulf Lake reservation=Gull Lake Band.
Gumshewa=Cumshewa.
Gunachonkon=Gunachonken.
Gi/nahitin’yi= Valleytown.
Gunana= Athapascan Family.
Gunaqa’=Gunakhe.
Giin’-di’gaduhtnyi=Turkeytown.
Gun-nah-ho—Gonaho.
Gunter’s Landing=Creek Path.
Gu’/nwa=Gwinwah.
Gupa-nga-git-om=Gupa.
Gusano=Seyupa.
Gu-sho-doj-ka= Kotsoteka.
Gusudac, Gusutaqui=(Guevavi.
Gutahs= Ute.
Gi’ta‘k= Kiowa Apache.
Guth-le-uk-qwan=Ugalakmiut.
Gu’tskia’we=Cree.
Guvoverde=Gubo.
Gu’wisguwi’=Cooweescoowee.
Guyandot= Huron.
Guyas=Guaes.
Guylpunes= Khulpuni.
Guymen=Guimen.
Gwahago—Cayahoga.
Gwaugueh=Cayuga.
Gwa-u-gwek=Gayagaabhe.
Gwa*’yasdEmse= K waustums.
Gweugweh=Goiogouen.
Gwe-u-gweh-o-no=Cayuga.
Gwhunnughshonee= Iroquois.
Gyai’-ko=Comanche.
Gyandottes= Huron.
Gyarzobi, Gya’-zro wiiiwii, Gyazru winwi—Gyazru.
Gye’qsEm=Gyeksem.
Gyidesdz6= Kittizoo.
Gyidnada’eks= Kinuhtoiah.
Gyidzaytla’tl— Kitsalthlal.
Gyidzi’s= Kitzeesh.
Gyi’gyElk-am=Gyigyilkam.
Gyikshan= Kitksan.
Gyilaxsta’oks=Gyilaktsaoks.
Gyilots’a’r= Kilutsai.
Gyimanoitq= Kitlope.
Gyinayangyi’ek= Kinagingeeg.
Gyispaqla’ots= Kishpachlaots.
Gyispayoéke= Kishpiyeoux.
Gyi8pexla’/ots= Kishpachlaots.
Gyispotuwb’da—Gyispawaduweda.
Gyit'ama’t—Kitamat. _
Gyit’anma’kys=Kitanmaiksh.
Gyit’ Enda= Kitunto.
Gyitg:a’ata=—Kitkahta. -. ee
Gyitingits'ats, Gyit’ingyits’ats=Gitin-gidjats.
Gyit’ins—Gituns. ;
Gyitksa’n, Gyitkshan=Kitksan.
Gyitla’n=Kitlani.
Gyit'laqda’mike=Kitlakdamix.
Gyitlo’p= Kitlope.
Gyitqa’tla=Kitkatla.
Gyits’ala’ser=Kitzilas.
Gyitsigyu’ktla— Kitzegukla.
Gyits’ umra’lon= Kitzimgaylum.
Gyitwulgya’ts= Kitwilgioks.
Gyitwulkseba/= Kitwilksheba.
Gyitwunga’=Kitwingach.
Gyitwunksé’ tlk= Kitwinshilk.
Gyitwuntlko/l= Kitwinskole.
Gyit, tsa’ tl—Gyitktsaktl.
BULL. 30]
Haai’alik auae=Haaialikyauae.
Haai’lak-Emaé= Haailakyemae.
Haami= Hami.
Ha’analénox, Ha’anatlenoq= Haanatlenok.
Haatse= Haatze.
Haatsii-hano=Hatsi.
Habasopis= Havasupai.
Habasto= Ahwaste.
Habbamalas=Alibamu.
Habe-napo, Ha-bi-na-pa= Khabenapo.
Habitans du Sault=Pawating.
Hab-koo-kee-ah= Acoma.
Habutas=Tano.
Haca’ath=Hachaath.
Hacansacke, Haccinsack— Hackensack.
Ha-ce’-pi-ri-i-nu’= Hachepiriinu.
Hachinghsack, Hachkinkeshaky= Hackensack.
Hackhocken= Hockhocken. :
Hackinckesaky, Hackinghesaky, Hackinghsack,
Hackinghsackin, Hackinghsakij, Hackingkesacky,
Hackingkescaky, Hackingsack, wraereacemimes 4
Hackinkesackinghs, Hackinkesacky, Hackinsack,
Hackinsagh= Hackensack.
Hackquickanon= Aquackanonk.
Hackquinsack= Hackensack.
Ha/-ckiie-tin= Hashkushtun.
Haclli= Haglli.
Heel’-t’a-qic= Hashletukhik.
Ha-coom= Yacum.
Hacquickenunk= Aquackanonk.
Hacquinsack= Hackensack.
Hacu, Hacuqua, Ha-cu-quin, Hacis— Acoma.
Hadai, Hadaies= Adai.
Haddihaddocks= Powhatan.
Hadovesaves, Hadovessians= Dakota.
Had-sa-poke’s band= Hadsapoke.
Haeeltruk, Haeeltsuk, Haeeltz, Haeeltzuk, Haeet- |
suk, Haeltzuk=Bellabella.
Hae-mish=Jemez.
Hagaligis= Hogologes.
Haghquagenonck= Aquackanonk.
Hagulget, Ha-gweil-ket= Hagwilget.
Haha= Assiniboin.
Hahatona, Hahatonwan, Hahatonway=Chippewa.
Hahatouadeba= Hahatonwanna.
Ha-hat-tong, Ha-ha-tu-a, Ha-ha-twawns=Chip-
pewa.
Hahauien= Hawikuh.
Hahatipim= Wahowpum.
Haha-vasu-pai= Havasupai.
Hahderuka=Crows.
Hahel-topa-ipa—San Carlos Apache.
Ha’héqgolat— Hahekolatl.
Hah-hah-ton-wah= Chippewa.
Hah-har-tones= Hahatonwanna.
Hah-k6o-kee-ah= Acoma.
Hah8endagerha= Huron.
Hahtz-nai koon=Atsina.
Ha Huico= Hawikuh.
Ha-hwad’ja, Ha-hwadsha=Pinalefios.
Hah-wal-coes= Walapai.
Hai-ai’nima=Sanpoil.
Haialikya’taé= Haailakyemae.
Hai-ankutchin= Hankutchin.
Hai’bata, Haiba’yu—Santa Clara.
Haicu= Hawikuh.
Haida=Skittagetan Family.
Haidah = Eskimauan Family, Chimmesyan Fam-
ily, Haida, Koluschan Family, Skittagetan
Family.
Hai-dai= Haida, Skittagetan Family.
Haideroka—Crows.
Haihaish=China Hat.
Haiish=Eyeish.
Hailtsa, Hailtzuk, Ha-ilt-zukh—Bellabella.
Hai’ ‘luntchi=Cayuse.
Hai/maaxsto= Haimaaksto.
Hai-ne-na-une=Tanima.
Hainpassawan= Hampasawan.
Hains=Cayuse.
Haiokalita=San José. :
Haiowanni= Yowani.
Haiphaha’=Santa Clara.
Hair Shirts=Isisokasimiks.
Hairy-Men’s band= Hevhaitanio.
Hais=Eyeish.
Haiscas= Yscanis.
Ha/-ish=Eyeish,
HAAI’ALIK “AUAE—HAN-KUTCHI
1059
Hai-shi-la, Haishilla—Kitamat.
Haitch Point= Hatch Point.
Haitlin=Tait.
Haits’au, Ha-ju hade—Edjao.
Ha ka= Kiowa Apache.
Haka-hanoq*>= Hakan.
Hakesians= Haquis.
Hakh kutsor= Ashipak.
Hak-koo-kee-ah= Acoma.
Ha-koo-pin=Gupa.
Ha-ku, Hakukue= Acoma.
Hakupin=Gupa.
Ha-kus= Acoma.
Hakwiche= Kawia.
Halaha= Ahulka.
Hal-alt= Hellelt.
Halant=Halaut.
Halbama=Alibamu.
Halchedoma, Halchedumas= Alchedoma.
Halchuchubb= Hatchichapa.
Half breech clout people=Chegnakeokisela.
Half-Cheyenne band=Sutaio.
Half-way Creek= Hatchichapa.
Halfway House, Halfway House Indians—Talasse
Halianacani= Alimacani.
Halibee Inds. = Hillabi.
Halisanes, Halitanes—Ietan.
Halkomé’/lem=Cowichan.
Hallapootas=Olulato.
Hallebac, Hallibees=Hillabi.
Halliquamaya=Quigyuma.
Hall of Montezuma=Casa Grande.
Halmacanir= Alimacani.
Halonagu= Halona.
Ha-lo-nah=Zuni.
Hélona-itiwana, Halona Kuin, Hal-onan, Halona-
quin, Hal-on-aua, Ha-lo-na-wa, Halonawan=
Halona.
Haltalt=Hellelt.
Halthum=Haltham.
Halthwypum= K likitat.
Haltkam, Halt-kum=Haltham.
Haltso, Haltsodine‘=Khaltso.
Ha’/lummi= Lummi.
Ha’lx’aix‘tendx= Halkaiktenok.
Ha-ma-kaba-mite kwa-dig— Apache.
Hamalakyauae=Gyigyilkam
Ham-a-qua= Hanakwa.
Hama’ wi= Humahwi.
Hamburg Indians= Kammatwa.
Hamefcutellies, Ha-mef-kut’-tel-li= Atuami.
Hameting-Woleyuh=Hamitin Woliyu.
Hamine-chan= K hemnichan.
Ha-mish=Jemez.
Ha-mi-ting-W0/-li-yuh= Hamitin Woliyu.
Hamockhaves, Hamoekhavé, Hamokaba, Hamokavi,
Ham-oke-avi= Mohave.
Ham-pas-sa-wan= Hampasawan.
Hamtolops= Humptulip.
agiikeoeen = Mohave.
Hanaga= Henya.
Hanags= Henaggi.
Hanahaskies= Monahassano.
Hanakwiche=Serranos.
Haname=Cotonam.
Ha*anaxawuune’na"= Hanahawunena.
Hanat/ino= Haanatlenok.
Hancock Fort=Cotechney
Hanctons= Yankton.
Hand Cutters= Dakota.
Handsome Men=Quapaw.
Hanega= Henya.
Hanes=Janos.
Hanetones= Yankton.
Hangacenu= Hangashenu.
Hanga jinga—Ibache.
Hanga-qti= Dtesanhadtadhishan.
Hanga utanandji= Hangatanga.
Hanging Ears=Kalispel.
Hanichina=Isleta.
Hanieas=Henya.
Ha® i/niyk‘acin’a= Hanginihkashina.
Hanya=Hangka.
Han’ya e’nikaci’ya= Hangkaenikashika.
Han’ya tanya= Manshkaenikashika.
Hanya utaganjsi= Hangkautadhantsi.
Hankha aiola=Haanka Ullah.
Hankpapes=Hunkpapa.
Han-Kutchi, Han-kuttchin— Hankutchin.
1060
Hannakalals, Hannakallah=Hannakallal.
Hannayaye= Honeoye.
Hannetons= Yankton.
Hanneyaye= Honeoye.
Hanikacis»ga= Hangnikashinga.
Hanohaskies= Monahassano.
Hanoki, Hanom, Ha-no-me, Hanomuh=Hano.
Hano Oshatch=Oshach.
Hanos=Janos.
Han-té’wa=Hantiwi.
Hanuveche=Serranos.
Ha4pai, Ha/-pan-ni= Hapanyi.
Hapapka= A hapopka.
Ha-pe-ka, Hapitus= Hopi.
Hapsa-ro-kay, Hapsaroke=Crows.
Hapuntika=Encinal.
Haqua’mis= Hahuamis.
Haquequenunck, Haquicqueenock= Aquackanonk.
Hara’c hit tan=Kayashkidetan.
Harae, Harale, Harall=Harahey.
Har-dil-zhay= Mohave, Tontos, Tulkepaia, Yava-
pai.
Hardwoods=Sugwaundugahwininewug.
Hare-Eaters=Onavas. ‘
Hare-foot Indians, Hare Indians, Hareskins=Kaw-
chodinne.
Har-har-tones= Hahatonwanna.
Harno, Haro= Hano.
Harones= Huron.
Harrickintoms=Tom’s Town.
Harriga= Hirrihigua.
Harrison Mouth=Scowlitz.
Hartley Bay=Kitkahta.
Hasanameset, Hasanamoset,
sanamesit.
Hasatyi= Hasatch.
Hashi=Cora.
Hasinai= Caddo.
Hasinninga= Hassinunga.
Haskanhatso, Haskanhatsodine'=Khaskankhatso,
Has-lintah= Haslinding.
Hasli/zdine‘, Hasli/eni=Khashhlizhni.
Hassanamasasitt, Hassanamaskett, Hassanamesitt,
Hassana-misco, Hassanamset, Hassanemesit=
Hassanamesit.
Hassaninga= Hassinunga.
Hassannamesit, Hassenemassit, Hassinammisco=
Hassanamesit.
Hassiniengas, Hassinugas,
nunga.
Hass-lin’/tung= Haslinding.
Hassunnimesut= Hassanamesit.
Hastriryini=Taensa.
Has-twi-a’/-na’= Hastwiana.
Hatarask= Hatteras.
Hatca/ath=Hachaath.
Hatch-ah-wat= Ahchawat.
Hatcha chubba, Hatchchichubba, Hatchechubba, Hat-
che chub-bau, Hatchechubbee, Hatcheechubba=
Hatchichapa.
Hatchet-Creek= Potchushatchi.
Hatchita= Hitchiti.
Hatchi tchapa=Hatchichapa.
Hat Creek (Indians) = Atsugewl.
Ha/téné—Coos.
Ha-tha-we-ke-lah, Ha-tha-we-kilah= Hathawekela.
Hati’ hshi/rini= Winnebago.
Hatilshe= Mohave, Tulkepaia, Yuma.
Hatindia80inten= Huron.
Hatiniéye-runu= Mohawk.
Hatiwa*ta-runh=Neutrals.
Hatorask= Hatteras.
Hatsaganha’=Ontwaganha.
Hatschi-na-wha= Hatsinawan.
Hattack-falaih-hosh=Oklafalaya.
Hattahappas, Hattakappas—Attacapa.
Hattak-i-hol-lihtah=Watakihulata.
Hattchenae= Unakhotana.
Hatteras Indians= Hatteras.
Ha-ju-it ‘aji= Hadtuitazhi.
Ha’ yanné=Coos.
Hauchelage= Hochelaga.
Haugh-goghnuch-shionee= Iroquois.
Ha-ui-ca, Ha-ui-cu=Hawikuh.
Hau kan hade=Howkan.
Haulapais= Walapai.
Hau-nay-setch=Anasitch.
Haunyauya= Honeoye.
Hautcu’k'tlées’ath= Uchucklesit.
Hasanemesett= Has-
Hassinungaes= Hassi-
HAN N AKALALS—HE-SHO-TA-TSI/-NA-K WE
[B. A. BE.
Haute=Aute.
Hautlatin=Huntlatin.
H [aut]. Saura=Saura Towns.
Hauts-Tchinouks= Upper Chinook.
Havasopi, ’Havasua Pai, Hava-su-pay=Havasupai.
Haverstroo= Haverstraw.
Havesu-pai= Havasupai.
Havico, Ha-vi-cu, Havicuii= Hawikuh.
Havisua Pai= Havasupai.
Hawalapdi, Hawalpai=Walapai.
Ha-waw-wah-lah-too-wah=Jemez.
Ha-wi-k’hu, Ha-wi-k’uh-ians= Hawikuh.
Hawitches=Heuchi.
Hawk people= Kretan.
Ha-wol-la Pai=Walapai.
Haw-on-chee= Heuchi.
Hawoyzask= Wazhush.
Haw-quo-e-hov-took—Chasta.
Haxa=Harahey.
Haxua/mis=Hahuamis.
Haya=Harahey.
Hay4-a, Hayaha=Chiricahua.
Haychis=Eyeish.
Haynaggi, Haynargee, Hay-narg-ger— Henaggi.
Haynokes= Eno.
Hay-way-ku, Hay-we-cu=Hawikuh.
Hay-woot=Hewut.
Hazanames= Aranama.
Heabenomas= Hoabonoma.
He’-ayfé ta°war’/= Heakdhetanwan.
Hebahamo, Hebohamos= Ebahamo.
Hebonumas= Hoabonoma.
Hecatazi= Hecatari.
Hechapususse= Hitchapuksassi.
Heckwiath= Hesquiat.
He-co-necks=Shanamkarak.
Hedatse= Hidatsa.
Hegue= Eudeve.
He-high-e-nim-mo=Sanpoil.
Héhonqueronon= Kichesipirini.
Heiche= Eveish.
Héiltsuk, Héi/ltsuq=Bellabella.
Heiptint Ampafa amin=Clatsop.
Hei-to-to-wee= Heitotowa.
Hekinxtana=Ikogmiut.
Hekwach= Agua Caliente.
Helalt=Hellelt.
Helcen= Helshen.
Helchpuck [Sasy] =Hitchapuksassi.
Helen Island= Red Rock.
Hel-i-ok= Huililoc.
Hel-lal, Hel-lalt=Hellelt.
Hellwitts=Tlakluit.
Helmacape= Enecappe.
Helowna=Okanagan Lake.
Helto—Holholto.
Helwit=Tlakluit.
Hemeos, Hemes, Hemez=Jemez.
He-mini-can, Hemnica, Hemnicay=Khemnichan
Hé-nar-ger= Henaggi.
Hencocks-Towne=Cotechney.
Henex=Jemez.
Henja-kon= Henya.
Hén’-na-ti= Henuti.
Henné-ga-kon, Hennegas= Henya.
Hennésh=Choctaw.
Hen-ta-pah-tus, Hen-tee-pah-tees— Hunkpatina.
Henya qoan=Henya.
Hequi= Eudeve.
Herechenes, Hereckenes=Horicon.
Hergerits= Miskut.
Heries= Erie.
Hermes, Hernes=Jemez.
Herringuen= Hormiguero.
Heshohtakwin= Heshoktakwin.
Héshcta Ihluctzina=Heshotahluptsina.
Heshota Im-kuosh-kuin, Hesho-ta Im-quosh-quin,
Hesh-o-ta-inkos-qua= Heshota Imkoskwin.
Héshota Izina= Pescado.
Heshota Mim-kuosh-kuin, Hesho-ta Mimquoshk-
kuin=Heshota Imkoskwin.
Heshota O’aquima= Kiakima.
He-sho-ta-pathl-taie= Kintyel.
Hesh-o-ta-sop-si-na= Heshotahluptsina.
Hesh-o-ta-thlu-al-la= Heshoktakwin.
Heshota Thluc-tzinan, Heshotathlu’ptsina—Hesho-
tahluptsina.
He-sho-ta-tsi/-na-kwe, He sho ta tsi nan, Hesh-o-ta-
tzi-na, Heshota Tzinan=Pescado,
BULL. 30]
Heshota Uthia= Heshotauthla.
Hesho-ta Yasht-ok= El Morro.
Hesh-que-aht= Hesquiat.
Hesley= Makhelchel.
Hesquiaht= Hesquiat.
Hessamesit= Hassanamesit.
Hessler= Makhelchel. ,
He-stands-both-sides= Anoginajin.
Heth-to-ya= Hittoya.
Hetschojoa= Echojoa.
He’va tan i u= Hevhaitanio.
Heve=Eudeve.
He-wa’-kto-kta, Hewaktokto= Hidatsa,
Hewanee, Hewanny= Yowani.
He-war-tuk-tay= Hidatsa.
Hewa-ta-niuw’= Hevhaitanio.
Hewhannee= Yowani.
Hé-wi=Huwi. .
Heéyala’/nois= Hekhalanois.
Heya=Chiricahua.
Heyata-otonwe, Heyata tonwan=Kheyataotonwe.
Heyata wi¢asa= Kheyatawichasha.
Heyowani= Yowani.
H’hana= Khana.
Hiamonce= Hiamonee.
Hiaqui= Yaqui.
Hi-ar’=Chiricahua.
Hiazus= Yazoo.
Hiccory ground=Talasse.
Hich-a-pue-susse= Hitchapuksassi.
Hichetas= Hitchiti.
Hich’hu= Hupa.
Hichipucksassa= Hitchapuksassi.
Hickory=Jicarilla.
Hickory Ground, Hicory Ground=Talasse.
Hidatsa=Elahsa.
Hidatza= Hidatsa.
Hidery=Skittagetan Family.
Hide Strap clan=Piqosha.
Hidhatsa= Hidatsa.
Hieller= Hlielung.
Hiem-ai, Hiémide—Jemez.
Hierbipiames=Ervipiames.
Hieroquodame=Terocodame.
Hietane, Hietans=Ietan.
Higabu= Kickapoo.
Higgahaldshu=Tillamook.
High Bar= K wekweak wet.
High-House People= Kinaani.
Highland Brule=Kheyatawichasha,
Highlander=Chipewyan.
Highlanders=Nochpeem.
Highland Indians=Nochpeem, Wappinger, Wec-
quaesgeek.
Highland Sicangu= K heyatawichasha.
High Log= Finhalui.
High-minded People=Siksika.
Hightower= Etowah.
High Village= Meteahke.
Highwassee= Hiwassee.
Hihighenimmo, Hihighenimo=Sanpoil.
Hihirrigua=Hirrihigua.
Hiits Hanyi=Itrahani.
Hijames=Sijame.
Hikalia’-kue=Jicarilla.
Hikanagi= Mahican.
Hika’/pu= Kickapoo.
Hikihaw, Hikkihaw=Hykehah.
Hi’-la-pi= Hillabi.
Hilchittees= Hitchiti.
Hilend’s Gila Indians=Coyoteros.
Hiletsuck, Hiletsuk—Bellabella.
Hilicopile=Helicopile.
Hilini, Hiliniki= Illinois.
Hillaba, Hillabees, Hilabi, Hillabys, Hill-au-bee=
Hillabi.
Hilleamuck= Tillamook.
Hillebese= Hillabi.
Hillini-Lléni=Cree.
Himares, Himeris, Himuri=Imuris.
Hindssau, Hindsso= Wichita.
Hitha®-ci"-wapa= Hinhanshunwapa.
Hinhaneton= Yankton.
Hinhan-s/uy-wapa= Hinhanshunwapa.
Hini= Hainai.
Hinkaneton= Yankton.
Hiouacara= Hiocaia.
HESHOTA UTHI A—H0-HO-QOM
1061
Hiowanni= Yowani.
Hi’-puk=Ypuc.
Hirequodame= Terocodame.
Hirocoi= Iroquois.
Hiroons= Huron.
Hiroquais, Hiroquois=Iroquois.
Hirriga= Hirrihigua.
Hiscas= Yscani.
Hishhue=Owaiski.
Hishi= Pueblo Largo.
Hishquayaht= Hesquiat.
His-scarlet-people= Kapozha.
Hissi o mé tan i u=Hisiometaniu.
Histoppa== Histapenumanke.
His-tu-i-ta-ni-o= Atsina.
Hitaniwo’iv, Hi-tan-ne-wo’i-e— Arapaho,
Hitasi’/na—Cheyenne.
Hi-tca-qce-pa-ra= Hichakhshepara.
Hitchatees= Hitchiti.
Hitchatooche= Hitchitudshi.
| Hitchetaws, Hitchetee= Hitchiti.
Hit-che-too-che= Hitchitudshi.
Hitchi= Kichai.
Hitchies= Hitchiti, Kichai.
Hitchita, Hitchittees, Hitch-ity—Hitchiti.
Hitchopararga= Kitchopataki.
Hi’-tcin-si-wit’= Hitshinsuwit.
Hits-tco’-won= Hitschowon.
Hitunena, Hitunenina=Atsina.
Hive=Oivimana.
Hi’-wai-i’-t’cé= Hiwaithe.
H’iwana= Apache.
Hiwasse= Hiwassee.
Hiyoomannee, Hiyoowannee= Yowani.
Hizantinton=Santee.
Hlakklakatan=Ntlaktlakitin.
Higagilda, Hlgai-u=Skidegate.
Higun=Hlun.
H’lilush=Tututni.
Hikenul=Cumshewa.
Hlu-hlu natan=Ntlaktlakitin.
Hlukak= Hlukahadi.
Hluk-kluk-a-tan= Ntlaktlakitin.
Hmisis=Omisis.
Hoahonémos= Hoabonoma.
Ho’aiath—=Oiaht.
Hoak= Hoako.
H6-al-kut-whuh= Whilkut.
Ho-allo-pi= Walapai.
Hoanantum=Nonantum.
Hoancuts, Hoan’-kut= Honkut.
Hobeckenlopa= Hobeckentopa.
Hobonomas= Hoabonoma.
Hoc’-bo-a, Hoc’-bo-a wiin-wi= Hosboa.
Hochelagenses= Hochelaga.
Hochelai, Hochelay= Hochelayi.
Ho-chon-chab-ba= Hochonchapa.
Hochuagohrah, Hochungara, Hochungarras, Ho-
chungohrah= Winnebago.
Hock= Hoako.
Hockanoanes= Hoccanum.
Hockquackanonk, Hockquackonong, Hockqueca-
nung, Hockquekanung, Hockquickanon= Aquack-
Hocktem= Hoitda.
Hococwedoc= Hokokwito.
Hoctatas=Oto.
Hodash= Khotachi.
Ho-dé-no-sau-nee= Iroquois.
Ho-de’-san-no-ge-ta= Onondaga.
Ho-di-hi-dan’-ne= Pawnee.
Ho-di-no"‘-syo"’-ni’, Hodinoysoni—Iroquois.
Hoe-Buckin-too-pa= Hobeckentopa.
Hoekhocken= Hockhocken.
Hoepeekee= Walpi.
Hoesh= Penateka.
Ho’fnowa= Honowa.
Hoganlani= K hoghanhlani.
Hogapa’goni= Paiute.
Hogelanders= Nochpeem.
Hogohegees, Hogoleeges, Hogoleegis, Hogoligis—
Hogologes.
Hog Range=Sukaispoka.
Ho-ha, Hohays, Hohe, Hoheh, Ho-he’-i-o, Hoh-hays=
Assiniboin.
Hohilpo=Salish.
Hohoka=Hooka.
Ho-ho-qom=Casa Montezuma,
1062
Hohtatoga= Huhlitaiga.
Hoh-tchungh-grahs= Winnebago.
Hoh-tin-oah= Hupa.
Hoéhu= Hoko.
Hoidxnous= Hutsnuwu.
Hoindeborto= Hunkpatina.
Ho-is= Penateka.
Ho-ith-le-ti-gau= Huhlitaiga.
Hoithlewalee, Ho-ith-le Waule= Huhliwahli.
Ho iv i ma nah’/=Oivimana.
Hojome=—Jocomes.
Hoka= Hoako.
Hokamish=Skokomish.
Ho-kan-dik’-ah, Hokan-tikara= Hohandika.
Ho-ki-um= Hoquiam.
Hok-ok-wi-dok= Hokokwito.
Hoko winwii, Ho’-ko wiin-wi=Hoko.
Hokwa-imits= Hoquiam.
Ho-la-kal= Wilakal.
Holatlahoanna= Hotalihuyana.
Holbamas=Alibamu.
Hol-cu-ma, Ho-len-mahs, Hol-en-nas= Holkoma.
Holes= Hoh.
Holihtasha=Olitassa.
Holilepas, Holil-le-pas, Ho-lil-li-pah=Ololopa.
Hol’/-ko-mah= Holkoma.
Hol-mie-uhs= Holmiuk.
Holodloopis=Ololopa.
Hol-6-kom-mah= Holkoma.
Hololipi, Hol-6-lu-pai=Ololopa.
Holsteinberg= Holstenborg.
Holtz Indianer= Whilkut.
Ho-lig-ik= Holukhik.
Holy Ghost, Mission of the=Shaugawaumikong.
Holy Ground=Ikanachaka.
Ho-ma= Hotachi.
Homalco= Homalko.
Homamish=Shomamish.
Ho’/-ma"-ha"=Omaha.
Homas= Huma.
Homa Susa= Homosassa.
Ho-mel-ches= Wimilchi.
Home-nip-pah= Homnipa.
Home-war-roop= Homuarup.
Homoloa, Homoloua= Homolua.
Honachees= Mono.
Honaga‘ni= Khonagani.
Ho’/nak= Wharnock.
Honan= Honau.
Honanduk= Adirondack.
Ho-nan-ne-hé-ont=Seneca.
Honani, Ho-na-ni-nyi-mi, Honani winwi, Ho-na’
ni wunwu=Honani.
Ho-nau= Ke.
Honau winwt, Honawuu=Honau.
Honepatela band= Hunkpatina.
Henctons= Yankton.
Honcut=Honkut.
Hone’-cha/-da=Chonakera.
Honechas= Waco.
Honepapas= Hunkpapa.
Honepatela Yanctonnais, Hone-ta-par-teen= Hunk-
patina.
Honey-Eaters=Penateka, Penointikara.
Honeyoye= Honeoye.
Hongashan, Hon-ga-sha-no= Hangashenu.
Hong-Kutchin= Hankutchin.
Honigeters=Penateka.
Ho-ni’-i-ta-ni-o= Pawnee.
Honin nyumu=Honauuh.
Honkpapa=Hunkpapa.
Hon-mo-yau-cu= Honmoyaushu.
Hon-namu=Honau.
Honneyayea= Honeoye.
Honnontages= Onondaga.
Honnonthauans=Seneca.
Honontonchionni=[roquois.
Honosuguaxtu-wane=Cayuga.
Honqueronons, Honquerons= Kichesipirini.
Hote’ i-ki/-ka-ra’-tca-da=Chonakera.
Hontouaganha—Ontwaganha.
Honuyshiniondi=Seneca.
Hon’-wiun-wu= Honau.
Hooch= Hoh.
Hoochawgenah= Winnebago.
Hoochenoos, Hoochinoo, Hoodchenoo, Hoodsinoo,
Hoodsna-hoos= Hutsnuwu.
Hoof Rattle=Woksihitaniu.
Hooh= Hoh.
HOHTATOG A—HOU-ET-CHUS
[B. A. B.
Hoo-ish=Penateka.
Hookchenoo= Hutsnuwu.
Hookchoie=Okchayi.
Hook-choie-oo-che, Hookchoiooche=Okchayudshi.
Hookluhmic= Lummi.
Hoo-ma= Hotachi.
Hoomi=Ahome.
Hoonah Kow=Huna.
Hoonchenoo= Hutsnuwu.
Hoone-ahs, Hoone-aks=Huna.
Hoo-ne-boo-ly= Hoonebooey.
Hooniahs, Hoonid=Huna.
Hoonselton, Hoonsolton= Honsading,
Hoonyah= Huna.
Hoopa, Hoo-pah=Hupa.
Hoosatunnuk=Stockbridge.
Hooseche, Hoositchi=Osotchi.
Hootchooee=Okchayi.
Hootsinoo, Hootz-ah-tar-qwan= Hutsnuwu.
Hoo-wun’na= Huwanikikarachada.
Ho-pah=Hupa.
Hope=Sakahl.
Ho-pees= Hopi.
Hope Indians=Sakahls.
Hopetacisa’th=Opitchesaht.
Ho-pi’-ci-nu-me= Pueblos.
Hopii= Hopi.
Ho-pil-po= Hohilpos.
Hopishinome= Pueblos.
Hopite, Hopiti, Hopituh, Ho-pi-tth-ci-nu-mih,
Repo hahaha Ho-pi-tuh-lei-nyu-muh=
opi.
Hopungieasaw, Hopungiesas= Piankashaw.
Hoquium= Hoquiam.
Ho-ra-ta-mii-make= Kharatanumanke.
Horcaquisacs, Horconcitos, Horcoquisa, Horcoqui-
saes= Arkokisa.
Hores=Keresan Family.
Horheton, Horhetton= Hahatonwanna.
Horikans= Horicon.
Horltcholetchok= Huchiltchik.
Horn House= Kokopki.
Horn Mountain Indians= Etechesottine.
Horn pueblo= Walpi.
Ho-ro-ge, Horoje, Horoji= Winnebago.
Horse-path-town= Hlekatchka.
Horse Trail=Chihlakonini.
Hosboa winwti=Hosboa.
Hosett=Ozette.
Hosh-que-aht= Hesquiat.
Hosler=Takimilding.
Hos Ojos Calientes=Ojo Caliente.
Hostaqua, Hostaque= Yustaga.
Hostler=Takimilding.
Hotallehoyarnar= Hotalihuyana.
Ho-tan-ke= Winnebago.
Hotashin= Mescaleros.
Ho-ta’-tci= Hotachi.
Ho’tatci= K hotachi.
Hotcangara= Winnebago.
Hotchon tchapa= Hochonchapa.
Hot Creek Indians=Agawesh.
Ho-te-day= Kikatsik.
Hote-shog-garah, Hote-shung-garah= Winnebago.
Hothleawally=Huhliwahli.
Hothletega, Hothtetoga— Huhlitaiga.
Ho}ji’nesyakov =—Sauk.
Hotinnonchiendi, Hotinnonsionni, Hotinonsionni=
Iroquois.
Hotlimamish=Shotlemamish.
Hotoa-niitqiu= Mahohivas.
Hoton-ga= Winnebago.
Ho-tor’-lee= Hutalgalgi.
Hotos= Oto.
Hot Spring Apaches= Warm Spring Apache.
Hot Spring Valley Indians=Astakiwi.
Hottimamish, Hottunamish=Shotlemamish.
Hotulgee= Hutalgalgi.
Ho-tum-i-ta-ni-o= Hotamitaniu.
Ho-tum/-mi’-hu-is=Shungkayuteshni.
Houachees= Paiute.
Hou a guan=Howkan.
Houandates= Huron.
Houatoctotas=Oto.
Houattoehronon=Sauk.
Houebaton= Wahpeton.
Houechas= Waco.
Houetbatons= Wahpeton.
Hou-et-chus=Heuchi.
ee eee
BULL. 30]
Ho-ui-ri= Howiri.
Houkan H&iadé=Howkan.
Houkpapas= Hunkpapa.
Houma= Huma.
Hounena=Crows.
Hounondate, Hourons= Huron.
Housatannuck, Housatonic Indians, Housatonnoc,
Houssatonnoe Indians, Houssatunnuck=Stock-
bridge.
Houstaqua= Yustaga.
Houtchis= Yuchi.
Houtouagaha= Ontwaganha.
How-ach-ees, How-a-chez= Heuchi.
How-a-guan= Howkan.
Ho-wah=lowa.
Howakan= Howkan.
Howchees= Heuchi.
How-chuck-les-aht, Howchucklus-aht, Howchuk-lis-
aht, Howchuklisat=Uchucklesit.
Howchungerah= Winnebago.
How-ech-ee, How-ech-es= Heuchi.
How-ge-chu= Ogeechee.
How-ku-ma= Haukoma.
How-mox-tox-sow-es= Mandan.
How-ru-ma= Haukoma.
Howschueselet= Uchucklesit.
Howtetech, How-te-te’-oh= Hudedut.
Hoystiwitan= Wichita.
Ho-ya=Hoyalas.
Hrah-hrah-twauns=Chippewa.
Huachirrones= Wacharones.
Huachuca= Huechuca.
Huadibis= Huirivis.
Huadji lanas=Skedans.
Huaepais= Walapai.
Huajicori= Huaxicori.
Hualapais, Hualipais,
Walapai.
Huallpi=Walpi.
Hualopais, Hual-paich= Walapai.
Hualpais=Colville, Walapai.
Hualpas Indians= Walapai.
Hual-pé, Hualpec, Hual-pee, Hualpi, Hualpy, Hu-
alvi=Walpi.
Huanchané, Huanches, Huané— Waco.
Huarogio= Varohio.
Huashashas= Osage.
Huashpa= Washpa.
Huashpa Tzena= Huashpatzena.
Huasiotos= Oto.
Huassavas=Guazavas.
Huatanis= Mandan.
Huatl-vi= Walpi.
Huatoctas= Oto.
Hubales, Hubates, Hubites=Tano.
Huc-aritz-pa=Arizpe.
Huch= Hoh.
Huch-oo-la-chook-vaché—Casa Montezuma.
Huchun=Uchium.
Huc-klic=Nun.
Hudcoadamas,
doma.
Hueco= Waco.
Hue-la-muh=Cowichan.
Hue-lang-uh=Songish.
Huepaca= Huepac.
Huerachic=Guerachic.
Hueso Parrado=Hueso Parado.
Hu-e’-ya=Khuya.
Hue-yang-uh=Clallam.
Hi’-hlo= Hlahloalgi.
Huy’tanya= Winnebago.
Huichites= Wichita.
Huila= Huilacatlan.
Huinihkacita= Hanginihkashina.
Hu i/niyk ‘acin’a— Huinihkashina,
Hu inikaciya= Huinikashika.
Huinirren= Huinyirren.
Huiris=Huirivis.
Huis van Montezuma=Casa Grande.
Huitcole= Huichol.
Huixapa= Hunxapa.
Huk=Hoako.
Huk-tyr—Ocotan.
Hukwats=Mohave, Yuma.
Hu-la-napo= Kuhlanapo.
Hulapais—Walapai.
Ha‘li Wa’hli= Huhliwahli.
Huallapais, Huallopi—
Hudcoadan, Hudcoadanes=Alche-
HO-UI-RI—HY AQUEZ
1063
Hull-loo-el-lell, Hullooellell, Hul-loo-et-tell, Hul-
lu-et-tell= Hullooetell.
Hulpunes= K hulpuni.
Hultulkakut=Kutul.
Hu-ma-kam=Tepecano.
Hu-méa-li-wu= Malahue.
Hum-a-luh=Cowichan, Skagit.
Humanas, Humanas de Tompires,
Tompiros, Humanos=Tawehash.
Humas= Muskhogean Family, Tawehash.
Humasko=Creeks.
Hu-mat-kam=Tepecano.
Hu-ma/-whi= Humahwi.
Humbolt Bay Indians= Wishosk.
Humenthi= Munsee.
Humo= Cops.
Hump-tu-lups= Humptulips.
Humros= Huna.
Humunas de Tompires=Tawehash.
Huna=Gaudekan.
Huna cow, Huna-kon= Huna.
Hu-na-mtirp=Hunawurp.
Hunga= Hanga.
Hing-ga ni-ka-shing-ga— Hangatanga.
Hungo Parie, Hungo Pavia, Hungo Pavie=Hungo-
pavi.
Hun-go-tin’-ga= Hangatanga.
Hun-guh= Hanga.
Hunkappas=Hunkpapa.
Hun-ka-sis-ket= Nsisket.
Hun-koo-chin= Hankutchin.
Hunkpa-te-dans= Hunkpapa.
Hunkpatee, Hunkpati, Hunkpatidan, Hunkplatin=
Hunkpatina.
Hin-kqwi’-tik= Hunkkhwitik.
Hun-Kutchin= Hankutchin.
Huynku waniéa, Hinku-wanitca=Hunkuwanicha.
Hunnas= Huna.
Hun’-sa-tung= Honsading.
Huyska-cantozuha, Hiska-tca tojuha = Hunska-
chantozhuha.
Hunters= Etagottine.
Hunyo Pavie=Hungopavi.
Huokarawaceks=Cuscarawaoc.
Huphale= Eufaula.
Hupi= Hopi.
Hupo=Hupa.
Hurall=Harahey.
Hures=Ures.
Hurones, Huronnes= Huron.
Hurricane Toms=Tom’s Town.
Hurripacuxi, Hurriparacussi= Tocobaga.
Hurrons= Huron.
Hu’sajya= Hangkaahutun, Husadta.
Hii’sajya Want”’/= Husadtawanun.
Hu-sha-sha band= Wahpekute.
Huskchanoes= Conestoga.
Huskemaw= Eskimo.
Huskhuskeys= Kaskaskia.
Huskoni= Hushkoni.
Husky= Eskimo.
Huspoa= Hosboa.
Hussanamesit= Hassanamesit.
Hussleakatna= Hussliakatna.
Hu’-tab Pa-da-nin= Pawnee.
Hu-ta’-ci= Lipan.
Huta-Napo= Kuhlanapo.
Hutanga= Kansa.
Hu’-tan-ya= Winnebago.
Hutdashi=Tsiltaden.
Hutchistanet= Onondaga.
Hutepa= Papago.
Hut-tat-ch’l= Hutatchl.
Hutuk= Hutucgna.
Hiuka=Hooka.
Hu-imii= Omaha.
Hu/-wi wun-wu=Huwi.
Hixul=Lipan.
Huzaas= Osage.
Huz-zau, Huz-zaws—Osage.
Hvattoehronon=Sauk.
Hwalapai=Walapai.
Hwat-es’ =Hwades.
Hweghkongh=Gweghkongh.
Hwot-es=H wades.
Hyacks=Eyak.
Hyanaes=Cummaquid.
Hyaquez, Hyaquin, Hyaquis= Yaqui.
Humanas de
1064
Hydahs=Chimmesyan Family, Haida Skitta-
getan Family, Salishan Family.
Hyder= Haida.
Hyem Tu-ay=Puretuay.
Hyeroquodame=Terocodame.
Hyo-hai-ka=Skidegate.
Hy6-qua-hoon= Pecos,
Hyroquoise, Hyroquoyse= Iroquois.
Hyscanis= Yscani.
Hyshalla=Kitamat.
Iaakema= Yakima.
Ia/an= Yan.
Iacona=Jacona.
Iacovane= Yojuane.
I-4’/cu-we tene’=Chemetunne.
IagrEn= Hlielung.
1-a/-kar=Ietan.
akim= Yaqui.
Ldkima= Yakima.
ta’/k’o= Yaku.
TIakon= Yaquina.
Tamacgos= Yamasee.
Iano=Hano.
T’-an-to’-an=Jatonabine.
Iapies= Hapes.
Tasi¢a= Farmers’ band.
T-at= Mohave.
Tata-go= Ute.
Iatan=Ietan.
Iawai=Iowa.
TIawani= Yowani.
Iawas, Iaway=lowa.
Ibate‘é=Ibache.
TIbequi= Yaqui.
Ibetap okla chitto—Ebita Poocola Chitto.
Ibetap okla iskitini= Ebita Poocola Skatane
Ibitachka=Ivitachuco.
Ibitoopas=Ibitoupa.
Ica=Ika.
I-ca=Isha.
Icanderago, Icanderagoes=Teatontaloga.
Icarilla Apaches=Jicarilla.
Icasque=Casqui.
Icbewas=Chippewa.
Icca=Incha.
Iccarilla—Jicarilla.
Iccu-jeune= Mimbrenos.
Iece=Nukhe, Wazhazhe.
Icharilla=—Jicarilla.
Ic’-ha-she= Kanze.
Ichiaha=Chiaha,
Ichiti= Hitchiti. =
I/-chu-ar’-rum-pats= Ichuarumpats.
Iciaha=Chiaha.
Icogmute=Ikogmiut.
Icora= Yecora.
Ictans=Ietan.
Ictaque tci diba=Ishtakhechiduba.
Ictasanda= Inshtasanda.
Ictunga=Ishtunga,
Idahi=Comanche.
Ida-ka-ridke=Idakarawakaha.
Idats’e= Kanse.
Id-do-a= Kikatsik.
Iden-noo= Eidenu.
&T/djao= Edjao.
Aijecttuadtuin, Idjorituaxtiun=Idjorituaktuin.
d
alloo=Ikalu.
I-do-ka-rai-uke=Idakariuke.
Ieanausteaiae= Teanaustayae.
Ieaogo= Tioga.
I-eh-nus= Yennis.
TIeki¢ge=ITekidhe.
Telan=Ietan.
Iten= Rirak.
Ienecu=Senecti del Sur.
I-e’-nis= Yennis.
Ieska¢inéa=Ieskachincha.
Ie-ska-pi=Jatonabine.
Ieska-tcintca=Ieskachincha.
Ietam=Ietan.
Ietan= Ute.
Ietanes, Ietans—Ietan.
If-terram=Iift.
Igagmjut=Igak.
- Igauik, Igawik=Iguik.
Igdlopait=Igdlerpait.
Igdlulik=Iglulik.
HY DAHS—ILICOS
Igdlumiut=Iglulik, Tahagmiut.
Ighelkostlende= Katagkak.
Ighiakchaghamiut= Agiukchuk.
Igiagagamute, Igiagamute—Igiak.
Igihua-a= Apache.
Igiogagamut=Igiak.
Igita=Etah.
Igivachochamiut=Igivachok.
Iglaka-teqila=Iglakatekhila.
Igloodahominy=Igludahoming.
Igloolik, Igloolip=Iglulik.
Igludua’/hsuin=Igluduasuin.
TIglulingmiut=Iglulirmiut.
Iglu-miut=Tahagmiut.
Ignanine= Imnongana.
Ignerhonons, Ignierhonons= Mohawk.
Ignituk=Iknetuk.
Ignokhatskomute=Ignok.
Igognak, Igonok= Eider.
Igragamiut=Igiak.
Igtigalik—Iktigalik.
Iguaces= Yguases.
Iguanas=Iguanes.
Iguases= Yguases.
Igushel=Igushik.
Iha-ca=Ihasha.
Iha’gtawa Katayka, Ihanketwans, Thank’ta™wi",
Thanktonwan= Yankton.
Thanktonwanna, Ihanktonwanna Dakotas, Ihank-
tonwannas= Yanktonai.
Ihanktonwans, Ihanktonwe= Yankton.
Ihan-k’-tow-wan-nan,
tonai.
Thank’ -t’wans= Yankton.
Iha-sa=Ihasha.
Ihauk-to-wa-na, Ihauk-t’ wan-ahs= Yanktonai.
Ihauk-t’wans= Yankton.
I‘hl-déné= Navaho.
Ihnek= Amaikiara.
Thon-a-Does= Juniata.
Thonattiria=Ihonatiria.
Ihoway=Iowa.
Ih-p6-se-ma=Ipoksimaiks.
Ticarrillas=Jicarilla.
Ika= Aika.
Ikaklagmute=Ikatlek.
Ikaligvigmiut, Ikaligwigmjut—Chinik.
Ikalinkmiut, Ikaliukha, Ikal-ukha=Ekilik.
Ikanafaskalgi=Seminole.
Ikanatchaka=Ikanachaka.
Ikaniuksalgi=Seminole.
Ikan’-tchati= Kanchati.
I-ka-nuck=Ikaruck.
I’-ka-di’ = Kickapoo.
Ikarik= Wichita.
Ikarlo=Ikalu.
Ikatlegomut, Ikatlegomute=Ikatlek.
Ikechipouta=Ikachiocata.
Ikekik= Kiktaguk.
Ikhiak= Eyak.
Ikikiktock= Kiktaguk.
Ik-khagmute=Ikak.
Ik-kil-lin= Kutchakutchin.
Iko-agmiut=Chnagmiut,
Ikoghmiout, Ikogmjut, Ikogmut, Ikogmute—Ikog-
miut.
Tkoklag/mut=Ikatlek.
Ikouera= Koroa.
Iktigalk=Igtigalik.
Ikuagmiut=Chnagmiut.
Ikuagmjut=Ikogmiut.
Ikuak=Chnagmiut.
Tkutchlok= Kutchlok.
Ikvagmutes= Magemiut.
Ikvogmutes=Ikogmiut.
Ikwanek=Shanamkarak.
Mamatt= Klamath.
Tlaoquatsh=Clayoquot.
Tlatamaa=Altamaha.
Tta’xluit=Tlakluit.
Iidefonso=San Ildefonso.
Tlesta=Isleta del Sur.
Tlet=Isleta.
Tletsuck=Bellabella.
Ilgat=Chehalis. C
Iighi/mi=Bellacoola.
Ilgonquines= Nipissing.
Tlicos= Anilco. ;
[B. A. B.
Thank’-t’wan-ahs = Yank-
BULL. 30]
Tlimouek, Iliné, Ilinese, Ilinesen, Ilinioiiek, Ilinois,
Tlinowets, Ilinowetz, Ilionois=I]linois.
Tliutagamute=Iliutak.
Ijljuljuk—Tliuliuk.
flone!s, Illenonecks, Illicoueck, Illimouec, Illi-
nese, Illinesen, Il-li-ni, Illiniens, Illiniwek, Ili-
noias= Illinois.
Illinois Creek=Chasta, Salwahka.
Illinois Valley (band)=Salwahka.
Illinoix, Illinonecks, Illinoneeks,
Tllinois.
Ilmawees=I]mawi.
Illonese, Illonois=IIlinois.
Tlloolook=TIliuliuk.
Illth-cah-get-la=Skidegate.
Tlluidlek=TIluilek.
Illuni= Tl linois.
Tl’sé¢l-ca-wai’-a-mé=I lsethlthawaiame.
Iltenleiden=Intenleiden.
Iltte-kai-mamits=Ithkyemamits.
Ilwans= Etiwaw.
Tlyamna=Iliamna.
Ilyamna people= Knaiakhotana.
I’ma=Quapaw.
Imach-leet=Imaklimiut.
Imagnak, Imagninskoe=Imagnee.
Imaham=Imaha.
Imahans=Quapaw.
Imahao, Imahaus=Imaha.
Imakleet, Imaklitgmut=Imaklimiut.
Imangen=Imnongana.
Immaculate Conception=Concepcion, Ihonatiria,
Ossossane.
Immaculée Conception de Notre Dame aux Illinois=
Immaculate Conception.
Im-mook-fau=Imukifa.
Imnagen=Imnongana.
- As Seammeambena Imokategokhshuk=Imoktegok-
shuk,
Imoklasha Iskitini=Imongalasha Skatane,
Imoris=Imnuris.
Imtelleiden=Intenleiden.
I/mtun=Intuk.
Imuanak=Imnongana.
Imuklasha=Imongalasha.
Imures, Imurez, Imuri, Imuriz=Imuris.
I/-na-cpé= Nez Percés.
I-na-ha-o-win=Inyanhaoin.
Inajalayehua=Majalayghua.
Inalugmiut=Inguklimiut, Imaklimiut.
Inapaw=Quapaw.
In-as-petsum= Nespelim.
Inatahin = Mescaleros.
Inay=Hainai.
In-breeders= Waglukhe.
Inchulukhlaites=Inkalich.
Inda—Comanche.
Indaochaie=Lichtenau.
Inda Tsa’-an= Kiowa Apache.
Inde= Apache.
Indian Oldtown=Oldtown.
Indians of the Long Reach= Wappinger.
Indians of the Lower Kootenay= Lower Kutenai.
Indian Wells=Kavinish.
Indiens Cuivres=Tatsanottine.
Indiens du Sang=Kainah.
Indiens-Loups=Skidi.
Indiens-Pierre= Assiniboin.
Indiens Serpents=Shoshoni.
Indilche-Dentiene= Indelchidnti.
Indio= Paltewat.
Indios Manzos= Pueblos.
Ineja=Inyaha.
In'é-waqube-a¢i>= Inewakhubeadhin.
Ingahameh, Ingahamiut=Ingahame.
Ingaleek, Ingleet, Ingalete, Ing’aliki—Ingalik.
Ingaliks= Kaiyuhkhotana.
Ingalit=Ingalik.
Ingge-jide= Ingdhezhide.
Ingechuk=Chnagmiut.
Ingekasagmi=Ignok, Ingalik.
Ingeletes=Ingalik.
Ingeramut=Inger.
Ing-gera-je-da= Ingdhezhide.
Ingichuk=Chnagmiut.
Inglutal/igemut=Inglutaligemiut.
Ingrakaghamiut=Ingrakak.
In-gra’-zhe-da= Ingdhezhide.
Ing-th-kli-mut=Inguklimiut.
Illinouecks=
ILIMOUEK—IRON-CLOUD
1065
Ing-wé-pi’-ra"-di-vi-he-ma"= Keresan Family.
Ini= Hainai.
Inicanopa=Pilaklikaha.
Inics, Inies= Hainai.
Ininyu-we-u=Cree,
Inipoi= Anepo.
Injaya=Inyaha.
Inkalichljuaten=Inkalich.
In-kal-ik=Ingalik, Kaiyuhkhotana.
Inkalite=Ingalik.
Inkaliten=Ingalik, Kaiyuhkhotana,
miut, Magemiut.
Inkasaba=Inkesabe.
Inygin’kaoin’ya=Inkdhunkashinka,
Inkilik, Inkiliken=Ingalik.
Inkilikeu= Kaiyuhkhotana.
Inkilik Ingelnut=Jugelnute.
Ink-ka’/-sa-ba=Inkesabe.
Ink-pa-du-ta[’s band], Ink-pah-doo-ta band=Wam-
disapa’s Band.
Inkpatonwan=Inkpa.
Inkuluchluaten, Inkulukhlaites,
Inkalich.
Innatchas= Natchez.
In-neck= Amaikiara.
Innies= Hainai.
In-ninyu-wuk=Cree.
Innoit= Eskimo.
Innondadese=Tionontati.
Innu, Innuees, Innuit= Eskimo.
Innuit= Esquimauan Family.
Inocanopy= Pilaklikaha.
Inoschujochen=Inoschuochn,
Inparavi=Shipaulovi.
Inpaton=Inkpa.
Inquoi= Iroquois.
Inshaunshagota= Yoroonwago.
In’shin= Konkau.
Insiachamiut=Insiachak.
Inside Fat= Kakapoya.
In-spellum= Nespelim.
Insular=Salishan Family.
Inta= Ute.
Injaqpupcee’=Intapupshe.
Ie’-tei=Inchi.
In-tem-peach-es, In-tim-peach, In-tim-peches=In-
timbich.
Intsi Dindjick= Ahtena.
Intsi-Dindjitch= Koyukukhotana.
In-tuch-cul-gau=Intatchkalgi.
Intujen-né= Faraon.
Inugleet=Inguklimiut.
Inuin, Inuit= Eskimo.
I-nuks’-iks=Inuksiks.
Iniina-ina= Arapaho.
Inverted (Society)=Himoiyoqis.
Inyay-h-oiy=Inyanhaoin.
Inya"-tceyaka-ato"wa»"=Inyancheyakaatonwan.
Ieya"to"wa»—Jatonabine.
Invavape= Yavapai.
Toewaig=lowa.
Togopani, Iogopapi=Shongopovi.
Iohn-a-Does=Juniata.
Iojuan= Yojuane.
Iola=Jore.
Iondes, Ionees, I-on-i, Ionias, Ionies= Hainai.
Ionontady-Hagas=Tionontati.
Totan=Ietan.
Tottecas=Juniata.
Iowanes= Yowani.
Iowaulkeno=Tawakoni.
Ioway=lowa.
Ipande, Ipandi=Lipan.
Ipataraguites=Tawehash.
I-pe-re=San Lazaro.
Ipiutelling, Ipnitelling=Idiutelline
Ipoilqg=Sanpoil.
Ipupukhmam= Medilding.
L-qger-qa-mut’=Ikherkhamut.
Iquahsinawmish=Squaxon.
Trans village=Tenankutchin.
Iraqua Indians=Elwha.
Irecoies, Irequois= Iroquois.
Trinions=I[]linois.
Iripegouans= Winnebago.
Triquoi=Troquois.
Irkpeléit= Athapascan Family, Kutchin.
Trocois, Irocquois, Irognas, Irokesen= Iroquois.
Iron-Cloud= Makhpiyamaza.
Kusk wog-
Inkuluklaities=
1066
Ironeyes, Ironies= Hainai.
Tronois= Iroquois.
Iroondocks= Adirondack.
Iroquaes, Iroque, Iroquese,
Iroquoi= Iroquois.
Iroquois d’enbas= Mohawk.
Iroquois du Sault=Caughnawaga.
Iroquois inferieurs= Mohawk.
Iroquois of the Sault=Caughnawaga.
Iroquos, Irriquois=Iroquois.
Irrironnons, Irrironons= Erie.
Irrohatock= Arrohattoc.
Irroquois, Irroquoys= Iroquois.
Iruaitsu, I’/ruwai=Iruwaitsu.
Is= Ais.
Isaacs= Kwik.
Isallanic race=Cherokee.
Isalleet=Silela.
Isalwalken=Isalwakten.
Isamishs=Samish.
Isammuck=Isamuck.
Isanati=Santee.
Isanisks=Sanetch.
Isanti, Isantie Dakotas, Isanties, I-san’-tis, Isan-
titon, Isanyate, Isanyati=Santee.
I-sa-po-a=Crows.
IsaShbaliatsé=Sarsi.
Isatis=Santee.
Isa-ttiné=Tsattine.
Isaunties=Santee.
-sau-th wiin-wui, Isauu winwi=Ishauu.
Iscanis= Yscanis.
Ischua= Geneseo.
Isconis= Yscanis.
Iselle=Isleta del Sur.
Iseta=Isleta.
Is-fa-nil’-ke=Isfanalgi.
fsh, I-sha-hue=Ishauu.
Ishango= Brule.
Ishawu, Ishawuu=Ishauu. .
Ish-da’-sun-da= Inshtasanda.
Ish-e-pish-e= Ishipishi.
Ishguaget=Ishgua.
Ishisageck Roanu= Missisauga.
Ish-poan-ee= Ishpani.
Ish-ta-sun’-da=Inshtasanda.
Ish-te-pit’/-e=Siksika.
Ishti semoli=Seminole.
Ish’/to-hano=Ishtowa.
Isimpshean= Tsimshian.
Isipopolames= Espopolames.
I’sium-ita/niuw’= Hisiometaniu.
Is-ksi/-na-tup-i= Esksinaitupiks.
Isla=Isleta del Sur.
Island Innuit=Okiogmiut.
Isle aux Noix=Illinois.
Isle-de-Peins, Isle-de-peiree,
kiuse.
Isle de Saincte Marie.= Ekaentoton.
Islella=Isleta.
Isle of St. John’s= Micmac.
Isle-river Indians= Eel River Indians.
Isletabuh=Isleta.
Isleta del Paso, Isleta del Passo—Isleta del Sur.
Isletans=Isleta.
Isleta of the South=Isleta del Sur.
Isletenos, Isletta=Isleta, Isleta del Sur.
Islinois=I]linois.
Isoletta=Isleta.
Isonisks=Songish.
I-sonsh’-pu-she=Cheyenne.
Isowasson=Sewathen.
Ispa= Arizpe.
Ispani=Ishpani.
Ispatingh= Hespatingh.
Is-po-co-gee, Ispok6gi=Tukabatchi.
Isquahala=Skaialo.
Issa=Catawba.
Issanti=Santee.
Issappo’=Crows.
Issaqui, Issaquy=Santee.
Issati= Assiniboin, Santee.
Issatie, Issatrians= Santee.
Isshe-pishe-rah= Ishipishi.
Issi-Chupicha, Issi-Schupischa—Siksika.
Istanare= Ustanali.
Istasunda=Inshtasanda.
Isti simanole=Seminole.
Istudschi laika=Istudshilaika.
Iroqueze, Iroquiese,
Isle-de-Pierre=Sin-
IRONEY ES—J ACON
[B. A. B.
Isty-semole=Seminole.
I'sti/nigi=Seneca.
I-tach-ee, Itaches=Iticha.
Ita-Eskimos= Ita.
Itahatski= Dakota.
Itah-Ischipahji=Cheyenne.
Itahzipchois=Sans Arcs.
Ita-Iddi= Arapaho.
i-T4-ina-ma=Taos.
Italisi=Talasse.
Itdlua fatcha-sigo, Itdlua ispokogi—Tukabatchi.
Italua ‘ldko= Apalachicola.
Itamamiou=Itamameou.
Itami, Itaner, Itanese=Ita.
It-anse-po-pe—Cheyenne,
It-ans-ké= Dakota.
I-ta-su-pu-zi=Cheyenne.
I’tawa’/= Etowah.
Itazipchos, Itazipéo, Itazipcoes, Itazipko=Sans Arcs.
Itaziptco-qtca=Itazipcho.
Itchali= Kutchakutchin.
Itchi-mehueves=Chemehuevi.
It-chit-a-bud-ah= Ditsakana.
Itean=Ietan.
I-te-che, I-tech-ees=Iticha.
Ite-citea=Iteshicha.
Ite-citca-etatha"=Iteshichaetanhan.
Ite gu=Iteghu.
Iterlé’hsoa=Iterlesoa.
Ite-sica=Iteshicha.
Ite si¢éa etannhan =Iteshichaaetanhan.
Ite-xu=Iteghu.
Itha=Yta.
Ithalé téni= Mishikhwutmetunne,
It-kagh-lie, It-ka-lya-ruin, It-ka-lyi, Itkpélit, Itkpé-
léit, Itka@’dlin=Kutchakutchin.
Itoaten=Tautin.
I-to-ches=Iticha.
Itokak tina, Itokaq-tina—Itokakhtina.
Itsa/ti=Echota.
I-tsa’-ti=Santee.
Itsisihisa, I tsi si pi Sa=Siksika.
Ittawans=Etiwaw.
It-t’hagi—Sichomovi.
Ittibloo, Ittiblu, Ittiblu-Netlik—Itibleng.
Ituchas=Iticha.
It-us-shé-na=Cheyenne.
Itynai=Athapascan Family.
It-zé-su-pe-sha—Siksika.
Luka téné= Yukichetunne.
I-uke-spi-ule= Aigspaluma.
Tulukiak=Tuluksak.
Iimanas, Iumanes, Iumanos='l'awehash.
Iumbucanis= Yubuincariri.
T-um-0-otam=Comeya.
IT-u/-ni=Calapooya.
Iuragen= Tioga.
Ivan’s barrabora=Ivan.
Ivap’i= Karok.
I vists tsi nih’ pah= Heviqsnipahis.
Ivitachma, Ivitachua, Ivi-ta-chuco,
, Ivitachuco.
Iwanies= Yowani.
Iwikties= Miami.
Iwillichs, Iwillie, Iwillik= Aivilik.
Ixcanis= Yscanis.
Iyakha= Yangna.
Iyakhba, lyakhwa=Iowa.
I-ya-kin= Walpi.
Iyanabi= Ayanabi.
Iyich=Tyigh.
Iyiniwok=Cree.
L-yiss=Iyis.
Iyuhba=Iowa.
Iyutagjen-né— Navaho.
Izacanis= Yscanis.
Izaty=Santee.
Ivitanoa=
Jaakema= Yakima.
Jaba=—Jova.
Jabesua= Hayasupai.
| Jacarilla Apaches, Jacarrilla Apaches=Jicarilla.
Jacdoas=J udosa.
| Jacobs-haven=Jakobshayn.
Jacoma=Gupa.
Jacome, Jacomis=Jocomes.
| Jacon= Yaquina.
BULL. 30]
Jacopin=Gupa.
Jacum= Yacum.
Jaega—Jeaga. :
Jaguallapai, Jagullapai, Jaguyapay=Walapai.
Jahuicu= Hawikuh.
Jaibanipitca—Gaibanipitea.
Jakechedunes= Alchedoma.
Jake’s people= Niletunne.
Jakhuthath=Yakutat.
Jakis=Sauk.
Jakon= Yaquina.
Jakou= Yazoo.
Jakutat, Jakutat-kon= Yakutat.
Jalchedon, Jalchedum, Jalchedunes= Alchedoma.
Jallaguapais= Walapai.
Jallicuamai, Jallicuamay, Jallicumay,
mai, Jalliquamay=Quigyuma.
Jamaica=Jameco.
Jamajabas, Jamajabs, Jamajas, Jamalas= Mohave.
Jamasees= Yamasec.
Jambujos=Cambujos.
James=Jemez.
James Boy= Hlaphlako.
Jamestown= Huiauulte.
Jamez=Jemez.
Jamos=Janos.
Jaraja nikaci*ga= Yankton.
Janaya= Hanaya.
Jancae=Tonkawa.
Janequeile—Serranos.
Janeros=Janos.
Jatha-yagicas— Zhanhadtadhishan.
Ja»-i/tci= Zhanichi.
Jano= Hano.
Janogualpa= Hano, Walpi.
Jantonnais, Jantonnees, Jantonnois= Yanktonai.
Jantons, Jantous= Yankton.
Ja"-waqube-agi"= Zhanhadtadhishan.
Jaomeme= Ahome.
Jaos=Taos.
Japiam= Yapiam.
Japiel=Japul.
Japies= Hapes.
Japui=Japul.
Jaqualapai, Jaquallapai—Walapai.
Jarame, Jarames=Xarame.
Jaranames=Aranama.
Jarosoma=Apache.
Jarquin=Karkin.
Jascag, Jascage, Jaskegis, Jaskigis—Tuskegee.
Jason= Yazoo.
Jasquijis=Tuskegee.
Jatapaina=Pima.
Jatche-thin-juwuc= Yatcheethinyoowue.
Jaupin= Weapemeoc.
Java Supais, Javeusa= Havyasupai.
Jawé nikaciya=Zhawenikashika.
Jeapes=Hapes.
Jece= Ais.
Jecorilla—Jicarilla.
Jecualme=Tecualme.
Jecuches, Jecuéche, Jecuiches—Kawia.
Jedacne=—Jedakne.
Jediuk=Shediac.
Je-g6-sa-saa— Neuter.
Jehuas=Tewa.
Jelish=Salishan Family.
Jemaco=Jameco.
Jemas, Jemes, Jemex, Jemmes, Jemos—Jemez.
Jendestake= Yendestake.
Jeneckaws=Seneca.
Jeneeu=Senecii del Sur.
Jenegueches, Jeneguechi, Jenequiches—Serranos.
Jenies=Jemez.
Jenigueche, Jenigueich, Jenigueih, Jeniguich—Ser-
ranos.
Jennessee= Geneseo.
Jenondades=Tionontati.
Jenondages= Onondaga.
Jenondathese= Tionontati.
Jenontowanos=Seneca.
Jenundadees=Tionontati.
Jequiches= Kawia.
Jerez=Keresan Family.
Jermz=Jemez.
Jernaistes—Caughnawaga.
Jesus Carichic=Carichic.
Jesus del Monte de Tutuaca—Tutuaca.
Jesus Maria Basani=Bisani.
Jalliqua-
JACOPIN—KABASA
1067
Jetam, Jetans—Ietan.
Jettipehika=Chubkwichalobi.
Jeune Lorette=Lorette.
Jeures=—Jemez.
Jibewas=Chippewa.
Jicaras, Jicarello Apaches, Jicarila Apache, Jica-
rilla Apaches, Jicarilleros, Jicarillos, Jicarrilla
Apaches, Jiccarilla Apache, Jickorie, Jicorilla,
Jicorilla Apaches=Jicarilla.
Jim Boy’s= Hlaphlako.
Jimena=Galisteo.
Jimenez=Jemez.
J. Jose’ Ramos Ayodsudao=— Basotutcan.
‘ Jlacus=J laacs.
| Joara=Cheraw.
Joba, Jobal, Jobales=Jova.
Jobiscauga=Sibagna.
Joco=Toquo.
| Jocomeos, Jocomis—Jocomes.
Johnadoes=J uniata.
John Days, John Day’s river=John Day.
Eo nepriemieke uane.
Jollillepas=Ololopa.
Jonatas=Ionata.
Jongoapi, Jongopabi, Jongopai,
vapi=Shongopovi.
Jonies= Hainai.
Jon-joncali=Shongopovi.
Jonkta=Chankute.
Jonondese, Jonondeseh=Jonondes.
Jonontadynago= Tionontati.
Joree=—Jore.
Joshua, Joshuts=Chemetunne.
Josimnin= K hosimnin.
Joskagi= Tuskegee.
Joso= Hopi.
Jo-so-ge= Abiquiu.
Jotans=Ietan.
Jongopavi, Jong-
| Jougopavi=Shumopavi.
| Joukiousmé, Jouskiousme=Jukiusme.
Jowai, Jowas, Joways=Ilowa.
Joya=La Joya.
Joyl-ra-ua=Opata.
Joyvan= Yojuane.
Jsleta=Isleta.
Juacanas, Juacano—Tawakoni.
Judlati= A tfalati.
Jual-pi= Walpi.
Juan Quivira=Tabira.
Juchium=Uchium.
Jugelnuten, Jugelnuts—Jugelnute.
Ju-i=Penateka.
Jujubit=Juyubit.
| Juke-yunke= Yugeuingge.
Julimenos= Hulimenos.
Jumana=Tawehash.
Jumancas= Pueblo de los Jumanos.
Jumanes, Jumano, Jumanoes, Jumanos=Tawehash.
Jumas=Tawehash, Yuma.
Jumbuicrariri= Yubuincariri.
Jume, Jumees= Hume.
Jumez=Jemez.
Jumpers=Chippewa.
Jum-pys= Yavapai.
Junachotana= Unakhotana.
Juneau= Tsantikihin.
Juneauta=Juniata.
Junétre=Tajique.
Juni= Zuni.
Juniagacori= Tumacacori.
Juniguis=Serranos.
Junnakachotana= K oyukhotana, Unakhotana.
Juparivi=Shipaulovi.
Jupes=Ditsakana.
Jupibit= Juyubit
Jurame= Xarame.
Juranames= Aranames.
Juskwaugume= Nipissing.
Jut joat—Ute.
Jyuo-tyu-te Oj-ke=San Juan.
Ka-acks= Kake.
Kaadg ett ee, Kaady-ett-ee— Katcadi.
Ka-ah= Kau.
Ka’-ai=Konglo.
Ka Anjou, Ka Anzou= Kansa.
Kaapo=Tuerto.
Kaas-ka-qua-tee= Kaskakoedi
Kabasa= Kabahseh.
1068
Ka-bi-na-pek= Khabenapo.
Kabu Juacama=Santa Maria Magdalena.
Kach-als-ap= Lakkulzap.
Kachanuage, Kachanuge=Caughnawaga.
Ka-che-kone-a-we’-so-uk= Ketchigumiwisuwugi.
Kachiriodagon= Buckaloon.
Kachkachkia, Kachkaska= Kaskaskia.
Kachnauage, Kachnawarage= Kachnawaacharege.
Kachnuage= Caughnawaga.
Ka-cho-’dtinné= Kawchodinne.
Kachuidagon= Buckaloon.
Kachutok= Kashutuk.
Kacistas= Kasihta.
Kackapoes= Kickapoo.
Kack!e qgoan=Kashkekoan,
Ka-clas-ko= Wasco.
Kacouchakhi= Piekouagami.
K’ ac-ta’-ta= Kashtata.
Kac-to’k= Kashtok.
Kac-ti=Kashtu.
Kada-Kaaman, Kadakaamang=San Ignacio de
Kadakaman.
Kadapau, Kadapaw=Catawba.
K’adas k‘é/owai= Kadusgo-kegawai.
Kaddepaw, Kaddipeaw=Catawba.
Kaddo= Kadohadacho.
Kadewabedas= Broken Tooth.
Ka/-di= Kadohadacho.
Kadiagmuts=Kaniagmiut.
Kadiak= Kodiak.
Ka/diko=Tonkawa.
Kadjacken= Kaniagmiut.
Kadjakians= Kangmaligmiut.
Kado, Kadodakio, Kadodakiou, Kadodaquiou= Kado-
hadacho.
Kadit-wot-kedi= Hlukahadi.
Kaénna= Kainah.
Kaénsatague=Canadasaga.
Kaéso=Carrizos.
Kaetage, Ka-e-ta-je— Kein.
Kaeyah-Khatana= Kaiyuhkhotana.
Kagagi= Kakake.
Kagataya= Aleut.
Kagerssauk= Kagsersuak.
Kaghenewage’, Kaghnawage, Kaghnuwage’, Kagna-
wage=Caughnawaga.
Kagnewagrage= Kachnawaacharege.
Kagokhakat= Kagokakat.
Kagontan= Kagwantan.
Kagouse= Cayuse.
Kaguiak= Kaguyak.
Kagan’ yi=Crow Town.
K’agyalské’/owai= Kagials-kegawai.
Kah=Kansa.
Kah-cho-tinne= Kawchodinne.
Ka-he’-ta-ni-o= K hahitan.
Kahgallegak=Kialegak.
Kah he kwa ke= Kayehkwarageh.
Kahhendohhon= Kahendohon.
Kahinoa=Cahinnio.
Kahk-ah-mah-tsis= Hahamatses.
Kah ken doh hon= Kahendohon.
Kah-Kwah= Erie.
Kahlechtenskoi= Kalekhta.
Kah-lis-pelm= Kalispel.
Kahltog=Kaltag.
Kahlukhtughamiut=Kaluktuk.
Kahmi-atonway=Kakhmiatonwan.
Kahmish=Samish. ,
Kahna=Kainah.
Ka’ hnawage=Caughnawaga.
Kahnonwolohale, Kahnowolohale=Ganowarohare.
Kahnuages=Caughnawaga.
Kahn-yak=Cooniac.
Ka-h‘o’= Kaughii.
Kahokias=Cahokia.
Kahontayo>= Kendaia.
Kahoquias= Cahokia.
Ka’hpagi= Quapaw.
Kah-po=Santa Clara.
Kah-po-sia, Kahpozhah, Kahpozhay=Kapozha.
Kahquas= Erie.
Kahruk= Karok.
Kah-tee-pee-rah= Katipiara.
Kahtetl= Medilding.
Ka-hua-i-ko= Laguna.
Kahuilla= Kawia.
Kahuncle, Kahunkle= Kauhtk.
Kahvichpaks= Unakhotana.
KA-BI-NA-PEK—K AK WOK
| Kahweahs, Kahweaks,
[B. A. B.
Kah-we-as=Kawia.
Kah-we-ok’-ki-oong= Kowasikka.
Kahweyahs=Kawia.
Kah-wis/-sah= Kawaiisu.
Kaiaganies= Kaigani.
Kaiaiak= Kaguyak.
Kaialigamut, Kai-a lig-mut= Kaialigmiut.
Kaialigumiut=Kaialik.
Kai-a-tee=Coyatee.
K‘ai’atl la’/nas=Kaiahl-lanas.
Kaiawas= Kiowa.
Kaiayakak= Kaguyak.
Kai-bab-bit, Kaibabits= Kaibab.
Kai-¢ine, Kdidine‘= Kai.
Ka’i-e= Kau.
Kai-e-na= Kainah.
Kaigan= Kaigani.
Ka/igwi= Kiowa.
Ka-ih= Kein.
Kai’ipa=Santa Clara.
Kai-it-ko-ki-ki-naks= Ahkaiyikokakiniks.
Kaijous= Cayuse.
Kailtas=Tlelding.
Kailwigamiut= Kaialik.
Kaimeé, Kai’-na— Kainah.
Kainama, Kai-na-méah, Kai-na-mé-ro—Gallinomero
Kai’nau= Kainah.
Kainhkhotana= Kaiyuhkhotana.
Kaine’-koon= Kainah.
Kai-no-méahs=Gallinomero.
Kaiossuit= Karusuit.
Kaioutais= Kawita.
Kaiowan, Kai-6-was, Kaiowé= Kiowa.
Kai’p’a=Santa Clara.
Kai-petl= Kepel.
Kai-Po-mo= Kato.
Kairaikome= Laguna.
Kaishun= Kaisun, Skaito.
Kaispa= Dakota.
Kaiswun Haadé= Kaisun.
Kai-tana= Knaiakhotana.
Ka-ite= Panamint.
Kait-ka=Calapooya.
Kaitlen= K wantlen.
Kaitze= Katsey.
Kaivavwit= Kaibab.
Kaiviat-am=Serranos.
Kai-vwav-uai Nu-ints= Kaibab.
Kai-wa= Kiowa.
Kaiwdika=Laguna.
Kai-wane’= Kiowa.
Kai-yo= Koiyo.
Kaiyuhkatana, Kaiyuk/a-kho-tan’a,
tana= Kaiyuhkhotana.
Kai’-yi-wun-ts’t-nitt’cai= Kaiyuwuntsunitthai.
Kajatschim= Kaiachim.
Kaji=Kichai.
Kajingahaga= Mohawk.
Kaj-kai=San Juan.
Kakagokhakat= Kagokakat.
Ka-kaik= Kakake.
Ka-ka/-i-thi=Salish.
Ka-kaitl= Kaquaith.
Ka-ka-kwis’-so-uk= Kagakwisuwug.
Kakamatsis= Hahamatses.
Ka-kan= Kakhan.
Kakaskigi, Kakasky= Kaskaskia.
Kakega, Kak’exa= Kakegha.
Kakhilgagh-miut=Kaltshak.
Kakhlyakhlyakakat= Kakliaklia,
Kakhonak= Kakonak.
Kakhuana=Cajuenche.
Kakhuiyagamute=Kakuiak.
Kakias= Cahokia.
Kakigue= Kakick.
Kakliakhliakat, Kakliakliakat— Kakliaklia.
Kakmalikg= Kangmaligmiut.
Kakoh= Yaku.
Ka-ko/-is-tsi’-a-ta/-ni-o=Salish.
Kakon ‘sa’-ge= Kagoughsage
Kakortok=Julianehaab.
Kak8azakhi, Kakouchac, Kakouchakhi,. Kakou-
chaki= Piekouagami.
Kaksatis= Kiksadi.
Kakus= Kake.
Kakwaika=Chakpahu.
Kakwas= Erie.
Kak’-wits= Wailaki. 4
Kakwok= Kakuak.
Kaiyu-kho-
BULL. 30]
Ka-la/-ci-au-u= Kalashiauu.
_ Kaladlit= Eskimo. s
K’-a’/-lak= Kolok.
Kalaktak=Kalekhta.
Kalalit—Eskimauan Family.
Ka-la-muh=Shuswap. "
Kalapooiah=Calapooya, Kalapooian Family.
Kalapooya, Kalapooyahs, Kalapouyas, Kalapuaya=
Calapooya. 2 ‘
Kalapuya=Calapooya, Kalapooian Family.
Kal’’-4-qu-ni-me/-ne yiin’-né= Khwunrghunme.
Kalatekoe= Kilatika.
Ka-la-tih= Medilding.
Ka-la-wa/-ctk= Kalawashuk.
Kala-Walset, Kalawatshet=Kalawatset.
Kal’/-bict’= Kalbusht.
Kal-chaina= Kulchana.
Kal-doe= Kauldaw.
Kalechtinskoje, Kalekhtinskoe=Kalekhta.
Kalespel, ales pilnen= Kalispel.
Kal-hwiin’-iin-me’-é-ni te’/-ne=Khwunrghunme.
Kaliokhlogamute, Kaliookhlogamute= Kaliukluk.
Ka-lis-cha—San Felipe.
Kalispelines, Kalispelms, Kalispelum, Kalispelus-
ses=Kalispel.
Kalistcha=San Felipe.
Ka-lis-te-no=Cree.
Kaljukischwigmjut=Igagmjut.
Kaljuschen=Tlingit.
Kalkhagamute=Kaltshak.
Kallapooeas, Kallapooyah, Kallapugas, Kallapuia,
Kallapuiah=Calapooya.
Kalmakovsky Redoute=Kolmakoysky.
Kalmaths= Klamath.
Ka4l-namu= Kahl.
Kalo/duosh=Calapooya.
Ka-loo-kwis=Kalokwis.
Kaloosas=Calusa.
Kaloshes=Tlingit.
Kaloshians=Tlingit, Koluschan Family.
Kaloylatche=Kadohadacho.
Kal-put’-li= Halpadalgi.
Kalthagamute, Kaltkagamiut,
Kaltshak.
Kaltlawewalla=Clowwewalla.
Kalulaa’/LEx=Kalulaadlek.
Kalulegeet=Kalulek.
Kalusa=Calusa.
Kaluschians=Tlingit.
Kalu-ynadshu= Kadohadacho.
Kal-wa’-nate-kuc’-te-ne=Tatlatunne.
Kam/-a-lel Pé-mo=Usal.
Kam-a-loo’-pa= Kamloops.
Ka-man-tci=Comanche.
Kameglimut=Kamegli.
Kameloups= Kamloops.
Kamia=Dieguenfios, Kamiah.
Kamia-akhwe=Comeya.
Kamiataw ngagamag= Kahmetahwungaguma.
Kamiskwawa‘ku‘kag=Gamiskwakokawininiwak.
Kamiskwawangachit=Sillery.
Kamissi= Kiamisha.
Kammack= Kammuck.
Kammas Prairie tribe=Tukuarika.
Kam/-ne= Kainah.
Kamse= Kansa.
Kami/inu= Nez Percés.
Ka-mu-lus= Kamulas.
Kamus= Kimus.
Ka/na=Karnah.
Kanaa, Kanaai=Conoy.
Kanaatino= Kanoatino.
Kanacao’= Kanagaro.
Kandach-adi, Kanach-tédi—Ganahadi.
Kanadagago=Canadasaga.
Kanadagerea=Ganadogan.
Kanadaoeaga, Kanadaoegey=Canadasaga.
Kanadaque—Canandaigua.
Kanadaragea=Canadasaga.
Kanadaraygo—Ganondasa. :
Kanadasaega, Kanadasagea, Kanadaseagea, Kana-
daseago, Kanadaseegy, Kanadasegoa, Kanada-
sero=Canadasaga.
Kanadasero—Ganasarage.
Kanadasigea=Canadasaga.
Kanaderagey=Ganondasa.
Kanadesaga, Kanadesego, Kanadesero,
segy, Kanadessigy—Canadasaga.
Ka-na-‘djo’‘-ha-re‘=Canajoharie,
Kaltkhagamute—
Kanades-
KA-LA’-CI-AU-U—KANKAWAYS
1069
Kanadosega, Kanagago—Canadasaga.
Kanagamiut= Kanagak.
Kanagist= Kaniagmiut.
Kanagmiut= Kanak.
Kaneaheawastsik= Cheyenne.
Kanai=Conoy.
Kanajoharry=Canajoharie.
Kanaka Bar, Kanaka Flat=Ntlaktlakitin.
Kanakao’, Kanakaro’=Kanagaro.
Kanamara=Gallinomero.
Kanandagua, Kanandaigua, Kanandalangua, Kanan-
daque=Canandaigua.
Kanandasagea=Canadasaga.
Ka/-nan-in= Arikara.
Kananouangon (Conewango)=Shenango.
Kanaouagan=Connewango.
Kanasadagea, Kanasedaga=Canadasaga.
Kanas-nu= Killisnoo.
Kanassarago=Ganasarage.
Kanassatagi lunuak=Oka.
Kana/sta, Kanastun’yi= Kanastuni.
Ka-na-ta-go’-wa, Kanatakowa=Onondaga (vil.)
Kanatakwenke=Caughnawaga.
Kanatat=Klikitat.
Ka-na’-teu ‘-hare’=Canajoharie.
Kanauagon=Connewango.
Kanawageres= Kanagaro.
Kanawarka=Caughnawaga.
Kanawhas=Conoy.
Kan-Ayko= Laguna, Sitsimé.
Kancas, Kancés=Kansa.
Kancho= Kawchodinne.
Kandaia= Kendaia.
K‘an’-dzi=Lipan.
Kanedasaga, Kanedesago=Canadasaga.
Kaneenda=Gannentaha.
Kaneghsadakeh= Kanesadageh.
Kanentage= Canandaigua.
Kanesadago= Canadasaga.
Kanesadakeh=Canadasaga, Kanesadageh.
Kanesatake, Kanesatarkee=—Oka.
Kanesedaga=Canadasaga.
Kaneskies= Knaiakhotana.
K-ang= Kung.
Kangerdlooksoah, Kangerdluhsoa= Kangerdluksoa
Kangigdlek= Kangidli.
Kang-iq-xlu-q’/mut= Kangikhlukhmut.
Kang’i-suy-pegnaka= Kanghishunpegnaka.
Kang’itoka=Crows.
Kangiugdlit= Kangmaligmiut.
Kangivamiut= Kangidli.
Ka1)-g-i/wi-ca-sa=Crows.
Kangi-yuha= Kanghiyuha.
Kangjulit=Chnagmiut.
Kangmali, Kangmaligmeut, Kangmali’gmut, Kang-
mali-innuin, Kangmalik, Kangnialis= Kangma-
ligmiut.
Kangoot=Kongik.
Kangoot Mutes= Kungugemiut.
Kang-orr-meoot= Kangormiut.
K-anguatl la’nai= Kangguatl lanas.
Kan/gik/¢ludluksoagmyut= Kangivamiut.
Kanhawas, Kanhaways=Conoy.
Ka’nhe/nko= Carrizo.
Ka/-ni= Koni.
Kaniag-miut, Kaniagmjut=Kaguyak.
Kaniag’mut= Kaniagmiut.
Kanibals, Kanibas, Kanibats, Kanibesinnoaks, Kani-
bessinnoaks= Norridgewock.
Kanieke-haka= Mohawk.
Kanienda= Kaneenda. .
Kaniénge-ono»= Mohawk.
Kanig-miout= Kanig.
Kanikgmut= Kungugemiut.
Kanikhluk=Kanikluk.
Kanimares, Kanimarres=Gallinomero.
Kanim Lake= Kenim Lake.
Kaninahoic, Kaninahoich, Kanina’vish, Kanina-
wesh= Arapaho.
| Kaninim Lake, Kaninis’ Tribe—Kenim Lake.
Ka-nip-sum= Kenipsim.
Kani-qa-li-ga-mut= Kanikaligamut.
Kanisky= Knaiakhotana.
Ka-nit= Mandan.
Kaniulit=Chnagmiut.
Kanjagmjut=Kaguyak.
Kanka"= Ponca.
Kankau=Konkau.
Kankaways= Tonkawa,
1070
Kankuna, Kankunats kogtana= Knaiakhotana.
Kank’ utla’atlam=Okinagan.
Kanmali-enyuin=Kangmaligmiut.
Kannadasaga, Kannadesagea, Kannadeseys=Cana-
dasaga.
Kannaogau, Kannawagogh=Caughnawaga.
Kanneastoka=Conestoga.
Kannehonan= Kannehouan.
Kanoagoa=Connewango.
Kanoatina, Kanoatinnos, Kanoatino= Kanohatino.
Kanodosegea=Canadasaga.
Kano’kei'ta/hwi =Totiakton.
Kanonskegon= Geneseo.
Ka/nogtla’tlam=Kalispel.
Kanossadage=Oka.
Kanoutinoa= Kanohatino.
Kanowan6-hate=Ganowarohare.
Ka-no-za/-wa= Kanwasowaua.
Kanp-meut=Kangormiut.
Kans, Kanse, Kansas, Kansé, Kansez=Kansa.
Kanshade, Kanshadi= Kanchati.
Kansies= Kansa.
Ka»-tdoa= Kang.
Kanté=Kente.
Kantha, Kants=Kansa.
Kantsi= Kiowa Apache, Lipan.
Kanu’gt'layi, Kanu’gi‘lun’yi=Briertown.
Kantktlualuksoagmyut=Kangidli.
Kanungé-ono=Caughnawaga.
Kanuskago=—Ganosgagong.
Kanvagen=Gaandowanang.
Ka»xi-ct"-pegnaka= Kanghishunpegnaka.
Ka»xi-yuha= Kanghiyuha.
Kanygmjut= Kanig.
Kanza, Kanzeis, Kanzes= Kansa.
Kaockhia=Cahokia,
Kao-ké/-owai= Aokeawai.
Kaokia, Kaokies=Cahokia.
Kaons=Coos.
Kaoquias=Cahokia.
Kaouai=Salmon River Indians.
Kaouanoua= Kannehouan.
Kaouechias= Cahokia.
Kaouitas= Kawita,
Kaoukia=Cahokia.
Kaoulis=Cowlitz.
Kaounadeau=Caneadea.
Kaoutyas=Kawita
Kapaha, Kapas=Quapaw.
Kapatci’tcin, Kapatsitsan= Kapachichin.
K‘a-patop= Kiowa Apache.
Kap-ho’=Santa Clara.
Kapilano= Homulchison.
Ka-Po=Santa Clara, Tuerto.
Kapoga, Kapo’ja= Kapozha.
Ka-Poo=Santa Clara.
Kaposecocke= Kupkipcock.
Ka-po-sias, Kapota= Kapozha,
Kapoti= Capote.
Ka-pou=Santa Clara.
Ka-po’-za= Kapozha.
Kappa Akansea, Kappas, Kappaws, Kappawson-
Arkansas=Quapaw.
Kapung=Santa Clara.
Kaq!anuwu’/= Kukanuwu.
Kaqmi-ato"wa"= Kakhmiatonwan.
Kagq-tcea"-wai¢= Kakhtshanwaish.
Ka-quaitl= Kaquaith.
Karaghiyadirha—Caneadea.
Karakenh= Karaken.,
Karaler, Karalik, Karalit=Eskimo.
Rerankeways, Karankoas, Karan-koo-as=Karan-
awa.
Ka-rasch-kidetan= Kayashkidetan.
Karathyadirs—Caneadea,
Kareses= Lipan.
Karhatyonni= Karhationni.
Karhawenghradongh= Karhawenradonh.,
Karhetyonni= Karhationni.
Ka rho wengh ra don= Karhawenradonh.
Karig8istes= Karigouistes.
Kariko=Tonkawa.
Karkadia= Kaskaskia.
Karkinonpols=Kakinonba.
Karlooch= Karluk.
Kar-luk-wees= Kalokwis.
Karluta=Karluk.
Karmowong= Kaumauang.
KANKUNA—KATHLAPOOTLE
Karo=Gyazru.
Karo-ynadshu= Kadohadacho.
Karquines=Karkin.
Kar-qwan-ton=Kagwantan.
Karro=Gyazru.
Kar’-sa= Kansa.
Karsioot, Karsooit= Karsuit.
Karsuk=Karsok.
Karulik=Kanulik.
K’arussuit= Karusuit.
Kar-wee-wee=Atsmitl.
Kasagaskwatcima' kag—Gasakaskuatchimmekak.
Kasaha inti==Chickasaw.
Kasarsoak= Kagsersuak.
Kasas=Kansa.
Kascakias= Kaskaskia.
Kaschjukwagmjut= Akhiok.
Kaschkaschkung= Kuskuski.
Kaschke-kon= Kashkekoan.
Kasgresquios= Kaskaskia.
Kashanquash= Kashong.
Kashapaokla, Kashap-ukla= Kushapokla.
Kashaski= Kaskaskia.
Kash-a-woosh-ah= Kassovo.
Kashega= Kashiga.
Kashigalagamute, Kashigalogumut= Kashigalak.
Kashigin= Kashiga.
Kashonquash= Kashong.
Kashpugowitk= Kespoog wit.
Kashtih asha=Cushtusha.
Kashukvagmiut= Akhiok.
Kashunahmiut, Kashunok= Kashunuk.
Kasil=Casalic.
Kasita= Usseta.
Kaskaias= Kiowa Apache.
Kaskaisas, Kaskaiskas, Kaskakias, Kaskakiés=Kas
kaskia.
Kaskanakh, Kaskanek= Kaskanak.
Kaskarorens= Tuscarora.
Kaskascia, Kaskasia, Kaskaskies= Kaskaskia.
Kaskaskunk= Kuskuski.
Kaskasquia= Kaskaskia.
Kaskaya, Kaskia=Kiowa Apache.
Kaskinakh= Kaskanak.
Kaskkasies= Kaskaskia.
Kaskuskies= Kuskuski.
Kas-lin-ta= Haslinding.
Kasoatcha= K osotshe.
K-asq’ague’dé, Kasq !akue’/di= Kaskakoed1
Kasqui, Kasquias=Kaskaskia.
Kasquinanipo=Kakinonba.
Kasquuasquias= Kaskaskia.
Kassan, Kassan H;ade=Kasaan.
Kasséya, Kasseye’-i= Kadohadacho.
Kasstachamiut, Kassianmute=Kassiank.
Kassilo, Kassilof=Kasilof.
Kassiluda=Sabdatoto.
Kas-so-teh-nie= Kushetunne,
Kassra-kuédi= Kaskakoedi.
Kasta kagawai, K:astak’é/raua’/i= Daiyuahl-lanas.
Kastaxe’/xda-an= K ustahekdaan.
Kas/-tel-Po-mo= Wailaki.
Kasua=Cashwah.
Kataba= Catawba.
Kataghayekiki= Aleut.
Katagi/tiganing—Gatagetegauning.
Katagkag-mioute= Katagkak.
K’a-t’a-gottiné, Kat‘a-gottine=Kawchodinne.
Katahba=Catawhba.
Katahooche=Chattahoochee.
Ka-tah-te= Medilding.
Katai= Kahtai.
Ka-ta-kas= Kiowa Apache.
Ka-‘ta-ra’-krag—Cattaraugus.:
Kataubahs=Catawba.
Katayka= Kiowa Apache.
K-ate’a/dé= Katcadi.
Katce=Siksika.
Katchan= Yuma. " :
K’a-tché-gottiné, Katché-Ottiné= Kawchogottine.
Kat’-chu= Katsalgi.
Katcina, Katcina winwi= Kachina,
Kates=Kake.
Katezie= Katsey.
Katha’/gi= Kansa.
Kathlamak, Kathlamet=Cathlamet.
Kathlaminimim= Kathlaminmin.
Kathlamit, Kathlamut=—CathJamet,
Kathlapootle=Cathlapotle.
[B. A. BE.
BULL. 30]
Kathlarem= Kathlaram.
Kathlemit=Cathlamet.
Kathlendaruc= Kalindaruk.
Kathtippecamunk=Tippecanoe.
Ka’tihcha, Ka-tish-tya, Katistya, Ka-ti-tya—San
Felipe.
Ka-ti-ya-ye-mix=Kutaiimiks.
Katkwalti=Katkwaahltu.
Katlagakya=Shahala.
Katlamak, Katlamat, Katlammets=Cathlamet.
Katlaportl—Cathlapotle.
Katlendarukas= Kalindaruk.
Kat nas had’a/i= Kaadnaas-hadai.
Kato-Pomo= Kato.
Katowa=Cherokee.
Katschadi= Katcadi.
Katskil, Katskill—Catskill Indians.
Kattagmjut=Kattak.
Kattahawkees= Kitkehahki.
Kattanahaws= Kutenai.
Kattaning= Kittanning.
Kattarbe, Kattaupa—Catawba.
Katteka= Kiowa Apache.
Kattera=Tutelo.
Katuku=Chastacosta.
Katia= Kawa.
Ka-uay-ko= Laguna.
Kaughnawaugas=Caughnawaga.
Kauia=Kawia.
Ka-uin-a= Kowina.
Kauitchin, K-au’/itcin= Cowichan.
Kau’-lits=Cowlitz.
Kaumainsh—=Comanche.
Kaumanang= Kaumauang.
Kaunaudasage=Canadasaga.
Kau’q-wan= Kaukhwan.
Kats=Coos.
Kausas= Kansa.
Kau-ta-noh=Contahnah.
Kautika=Kituhwa.
Kauvuyas= Kawia.
Kauwetsaka, Kauwetseka= Akawentchaka.
Ka/-u wiin-wi= Kau.
Kau-yai’-chits= Kawia.
Kauzau=Kansa.
Kavagan=Kouyam.
Kavayos= Kawia.
Kavea, Kaveaks,
Kaviagmiut.
Kaviagamute= Kaviazagmiut.
Kaviagmuts, Kaviagmyut, Kaviaks=Kaviagmiut.
Kaviawach=White River Ute.
Kaviazagamute, Kaviaza’ gemut=Kaviazagmiut.
Kavvachias, Kavvchias, Kavvechias, Kavvkias—
Cahokia.
Kavwaru-maup= Kawia.
Kaw= Kansa.
Kawa= Kiowa.
Kawahykaka, Kawaihkaa, Ka-waik’,
Kawaikama, Kawdikame,
Laguna.
Kawaiko=Sitsimé.
Kawaikome= Laguna.
Kawaiokuh= Kawaika.
Ka-wai-ra-chi-u= White River Ute.
Kawant/nyi= Kawanuyi.
Kawan’-ura/stnyi—Conoross.
Kawa pabikani kag=Gawababiganikak.
Kawas= Kiowa.
Kawatskins=Cowichan.
Kawcho-dinneh= Kawchodinne.
Kawelitsk= Cowlitz.
Kawerkewotche=— Kawoltukwucha.
Ka-wi’-a-suh= Kawaiisu.
Kawichen= Cowichan.
Ka-wi-na-han=Siksika.
Kawishm= Kawaiisu.
Kawita Talahassi— Kawita.
Kawitchen=Cowichan.
Kawitshin—Cowichan, Salishan Family.
Kawitskins—Cowichan.
Kawitunshki=Tchatkasitunshki.
Kawi’ yi—Cowee.
Kawkias= Cahokia.
Kawnjagmjut= Kaguyak.
Kawuytas= Kawita.
Kaw-welth=Chaahl,
Kawytas=Kawita,
Kaverong Mutes, Kaviacks—
Ka-waika’,
Ka-waik’-ka-me=
KATHLAREM—KEE-KIK-TAG-AMEUTS
1071
Kaw’-za=Kansa.
Ka-xi=Crows.
Kaya’/ckidétan—Kayashkidetan.
Kayaguas= Kiowa.
Kaya ‘ha’ ge'=Cayahoga.
Kayakshigvikg= Kaiaksekawik.
Kayamishi= Kiamisha. ,
K’aya/ng=Kayung.
Kayaways= Kiowa.
Kayayak= Kaguyak.
Kayeghtalagealat—Coreorgonel.
Kayingehaga= Mohawk.
Kayjatin= Kaihatin.
Kaykovskie= Kake.
Kayo/kath, Kayoku-aht= K yuquot.
Kayouse=Cayuse.
Kayowa, Kayowe’=Kiowa.
Kayowgaws=Cayuga.
Ka-yo-woc=Cayeguas.
Kayowti= Kiowa.
Kay-tzen-lin= Kaihatin.
Kayuguas= Kiowa.
Kaytigue-6no"=Cayuga.
Kayul=Cayuse.
Kayuse Creek=Cayoosh Creek.
Kayuses=Cayuse.
Ka’yuwa= Kiowa.
Kayuxes=Cayuse.
Kayyhekwarakeh= Kayehkwaragch.
K’ca-‘€= Kthae.
Keal tana= Kulchana.
Kgar=Kdhun.
Kee’/-lut-li’-yunné’/= K thelutlitunne.
Kehaljkagmjut=Kaltshak.
K’ chi-ga-gong’-go= Kchegagonggo.
K’ ciwuk’ciwu= Kshiwukshiwu.
K’ ¢o-4ai’-me= K thotaime.
pa Kdhun.
’gu-na/-ta-a tetin’ yiinné= Kthunataachuntunne.
K’ ou-qwes’-yanné= K thukhwestunne.
K'cu-qwic’ yunné=Siuslaw.
K,cu-qwut’/-tunne=Kthukhwuttunne.
K’cu-tét’-me - tse’/-é- tut’ - tin = Kthutetmetseetut-
tun.
Ke=Kekin.
Kealeegees= Kailaidshi.
Kéa-tdoa= Keya.
Keate, Keati= Kiatang.
Ke-at= Panamint.
| Keawahs=Kawia.
Keawas= Kiowa.
| Keawaw=Kiawaw.
Keaways= Kiowa.
Keawe, Keawee= Keyauwee.
Kea-wit-sis=Tlauitsis.
Ke-ax-as= Kiyuksa.
Kebiks= Montagnais.
Kecapos= Kickapoo.
Kecchies= Kichai.
Kecheel= Kechayi.
Keche-gumme-winine-wug, Kéchekame Wenénéwak
=Kitchigumiwininiwug.
| Ke-che-se-be-win-in-e-wug, Ke-che-se-be-win-o-wing=
Kitchisibiwininiwug.
Ke-che-wan-dor-goning, Kech-e-waun-dau-gu-mink—
Ketchewaundaugenink.
Kechi=Luisefio.
Kechies= Kichai.
Kechis= Kichai, Luiseno.
Kechtawangh= Kitchawank.
Keckkeknepolin= Kickenapawling
Kecopes= Kickapoo.
Kedi=Huna.
Kee-ark-sar= Kiyuksa.
Keeawawes=Keyauwee.
Keechers= Kichai.
Kee-ches= Kitzeesh.
Keechi, Keechies= Kichai.
Keechik= Kilchik.
Kee-chis= Kitzeesh.
Kee-chum-a-kai-to,
lum.
Keechy= Kichai.
Keeghik=Nikhkak.
Kee’-hat-sa, Keeheet-sas—Crows.
Keejik=Nikhkak.
Kee’-kat/-sa—Crows.
Keek heat la—Kitkatla.
Kee-kik-tag-ameuts=Kikiktak,
Keechum-akarlo = Kitzimgay-.
1072
Keen-ath-toix= Kinuhtoiah.
Kee-nip-saim, Kee-nip-sim=Kenipsim.
Keeowaws, Keeowee= Keyauwee.
Kees=Arikara.
Kee-tah-hon-neet=Tongas.
Keet-heat-la, Keethratlah=Kitkatla.
Keetsas= Kichai.
K-e/étse= Katsey.
Kee-uke-sah= Kiyuksa.
Keew-aho= Tuscarora.
Keewalik= Kugaluk.
Ke-ga-boge= Kickapoo.
Kegaiogue= Kekionga.
Kegarnie= Kaigani.
Kegictowik, Kegictowruk, Kegiktowik=Kiktaguk.
Kéegiktowrigemut= Kegiktowrigemiut.
Kegiktowruk= Kiktaguk.
Kegniogue= Kekionga.
Kegokhtowik=Kiktaguk.
Kehabous= Kickapoo.
Kéh-chen-wilt=Quaitso.
Kehk, Kehons= Kake.
Kehtehticut=Titicut.
Ke’ia-ki-me= Kiakima.
Keiauwees= Keyauwee.
Keilijah= Kailaidshi.
Keimanoeitoh= Kitlope.
Keint-he= Deyodeshot.
Keiscatchewan, Keiskatchewan=Cree.
Kei-u-gues= Cayuga.
Ke-jawn’= Yuma.
Kek= Kake.
Ke-ka-alns= Kikiallu.
Kekalus=Tikwalus.
Kekapos, Kekapou= Kickapoo.
Ke ya’tsu= Nanpanta.
Kekaupoag= Kickapoo.
Kekch-kon= Kake.
Ke-ke-on-gay= Kekionga.
Kekerannon-rounons= Nipissing.
Keketticut=Titicut.
Kekies= Kichai.
Ke-ki-on-go= Kekionga.
K-ek'k’’énox= Kyekykyenok.
Ke-ko-neck=Shanamkarak.
Kekopos= Kickapoo.
Kekuvskoe= Kake.
Kelamantowruk= Kilimantavie.
Kelamouches=Comanche.
Ké-le’-nyu-mth= Kele.
Kéles=Karankawa.
Ké-lév-a-tow-tin= Kilimantavie.
Ke’-le-wun-wu= Kele.
Kelistenos=Cree.
Kellamucks= Tillamook.
Kell-aout= Halaut.
Kellespem= Kalispel.
Kel-seem-aht= Kelsemaht.
Kelsey= Makhelchel.
Kel’/ta=Tlelding.
K-eltsma’ath= Kelsemaht.
Kel-ut-sah= Kilutsai.
Kemahwivi=Chemehueyi.
Kemasuit, Kemesuit= Karusuit.
Kemsquits= Kimsquit.
Ke’na=Kainah.
Kenabeca, Kenabes=Norridgewock.
Kenaghamiut=Kinak.
KEEN-ATH-TOIX—KEYAR-HWOTQUT
Kenai, Kenaians, Kendies=Athapascan Family, |
Knaiakhotana.
Kenai-tena, Kenaitses, Kenaitze, Kenaiyer, Kenai-
yut, Kenaize, Kenaizen= Knaiakhotana.
Kenaizer=Athapascan Family.
Kenajer= Knaiakhotana.
Ke-na-pe-com-a-qua= Kenapacomaqua.
Kenas= Knaiakhotana.
Kenasnow= Killisnoo.
Kenath tui ex= Kinuhtoiah.
Kenay, Kenayern, Kenayzi= Knaiakhotana.
Kenchenkieg= Kinagingeeg.
Kendaes= Kendaia.
Kénébec, Kenebecka= Kennebec.
Kenebecke Indeans, Kenebeke= Norridgewock
Kenebeke= Kennebec.
Ken’-es-ti= Kuneste.
Kengugmiut= Kongik.
Kenhawas=Conoy.
Kenhulka=Ikanhatki.
Kenigayat=Kingiak.
[B. A. EB.
Ke-ni’kaci’ya= Kenikashika.
Ke nika-shing-ga= Kekin.
Ke-nish-te’-no-wuk, Ke-nis-te-noag, Kenistenoo, Ke-
nistenos=Cree.
Kennachananaghamiut= Kenachananak.
| Kennebec, Kennebec Indians, Kennebecks, Kenne-
beki= Norridgewock.
Kennedaseage, Kennesedaga=Canadasaga.
Kennuyak= Paugwik.
Ke-noushay= Kenozhe.
Kenowiki=Conoy.
Ke-no-zha= Kenozhe.
Kentaienton=Gentaienton.
Kentsia, Kentsio— Kente.
Ke-nunctioni= Iroquois.
Keo Haadé= Aokeawai.
Keomee= Keyauwee.
Keope-e-no= Koprino.
Keowe= Keowee.
Keowewallahs=Clowwewalla.
Keoxa= Kiyuksa.
Kepar=Ishipishi.
Ke-pau-yau= Kipaya towns.
Keq!=Kake.
Kequeloose=Tikwalus.
Ke-ques-ta= Kikwistok.
Kera=Keresan Family.
Keralite= Eskimo.
Kéran, Keras=Keresan Family.
Kerchi= Kichai.
Kerem-eeos, Keremeoos, Kéremya/uz— Keremeus.
Keres=Keresan Family.
Ke-re-tci"= Kerechun.
Kern River=Tubatulabal.
Kerokias=Cahokia.
Keroopinough= Koprino.
Kershaws=Catawba.
Kershong= Kashong.
Kertani= Lower Kutenai.
Kescacons= Kishkakon.
Keshase= Kitzeesh.
Keshpugowitk= K espoogwit.
Keskeskias= Kaskaskia.
Keskistkonck= K eskistkonk.
Ke-spi-co-tha= Kispokotha.
Kespoogwituna’/k= Kespoogwit.
Kessler= Makhelchel.
Kesuna= Kashunuk.
Kes-whaw-hay=Keresan Family.
Ket-a-Mats= Kitamat.
Ket-an-dou= Kitunto.
Ketapekon, Ké-tap’-e-kon-nong= Tippecanoe.
Ketawaugas=Cherokee.
Ketchegamins= Kitchigami.
Ketchewaundaugumink= K etchewaundaugenink.
Ketcheyes, Ketchies=Kichai.
Ketzhigamins= Kitchigami.
Ké-tchi-na, Ketchip-a-huan=Kechipauan.
Ketchiquut=Titicut.
Ketciwawiyandaganing = Ketchewaundaugenink.
Ke-tdoa= Ke.
Ketehigamins= Kitchigami.
Ketehiquut, Ketehtequtt=Titicut.
Ketetas=Shanwappom.
k’é/tgo hit tan= Ketgohittan.
Kethepecannank= Tippecanoe.
Keth-e-wan-don-gon-ing= Ketchewaundaugenink.
Kethtipecanunk, Kethtipiconunck— Tippecanoe.
Ket-ka-kesh= Kitkehahki.
Ketlakaniak=Cooniac.
Ketlane= Kitlani. :
Ketlitk-Kutchin= Unakhotana.
| Ke-toon-ok-shelk= Kitwinshilk.
| Ketschetnaer=Ahtena.
Ke’tsi= Katsey.
Ketticut=Titicut.
Kettle band, Kettle band Sioux=Oohenonpa.
Kettle Falls, Kettle Indians=Colville.
Kettooah= Kituhwa.
Ket-wilk-ci-pa= Kitwilksheba.
Ketyagoos= Kittizoo. : :
Kevalinye Mutes, Kevalinyes=Kevalingamiut.
Ke-waught-chen-unaughs— Kewaughtohehemach.
Kewawees= Keyauwee.
Keweah= Kawia.
K’eyerten=Kekerten.
Keyawees= Keyauwee. , f
Keycchies, Keyche, Keychies=Kichai.
Kéyor-hwotqet= Keyerhwotket.
BULL. 30] KEYES—KIK-THE-SWE-MUD 1073
Keyes, Keyeshees, Keys=Kichai.
Keyuse=Cayuse.
Kezerevsky=K oserefski.
’Keztce= Kezche.
Kfwe-tpa-Gottiné= Kfwetragottine.
Kgallegak=Kialegak.
Kha’/-a=Cheghita.
Khagantayakhun’khin= Aleut.
Khahkhahtons—Chippewa.
KE’ haibhai’—Santa Clara.
Khaigamut= Khaik.
Khakhatons, Khakhatonwan—Chippewa.
Khalams=Clallam.
Khaltat’s village=Kaltat.
Khanikh=Goch.
K’ha-po-o=Santa Clara.
Kha-t’a-ottine= Kawchodinne.
Kha-tcho-gottine— Kawchogottine.
Khatnotoutze= Kagokakat.
Khatukeyu=Wintun.
Kha-tpa-Gottiné= Kawchodinne.
Khecham= wuisefio.
Khékhu= Kake.
Khenipsim= Kenipsim.
Khina Haadé= Haena.
Khiondaésahan= Ekiondatsaan.
Khionontatehronon, Khionontaterrhonons=Tiono-
tati.
Khlél’-ta—Tlelding.
Khogotlinde= K hogoltlinde.
Khootznahoo= Hutsnuwu.
Roeascetnahik, Khoouchtioulik-mioute= Koyuk-
tolik.
Khoso= Hopi.
Khotilkakat, Khotilkakate, Khotylnakat=Kotil.
Khoulpouni= K hulpuni.
Khounanilinde= K hunanilinde.
Khu-a nika-shing-ga—Khra. ‘
Khuilchan, Khuilchana= Kulchana.
Khuingetakhten, Khuingitatekhten=Kuingshte-
takten.
Khuligichagat=— Khuligichikat.
Khi»-tdo6a= Kun.
Kin-un-ah’=Tahltan.
Khust-e-nét, Khust-e-néte=Khwaishtunnetunne.
Khutsno, Khutsnu=Hutsnuwu.
Khutulkakat=Kutul. be
Ki-a-a= Pueblo Alto.
Kia’anadn=Kechipauan.
Kiaboha= Kiabaha.
Kiaffess— Kuasse.
Kiahoba= Kiabaha.
Kiaini— Kinaani.
K’ia/-ki-me= Kiakima.
Kiaknukmiut=Kinipetu.
Kialajahs, Kialechies, Kialeegees, Kialega, Kialgie,
Kialiages= Kailaidshi.
Kialigamiut=Kaialik.
Kialiga’s, Kialige, Kialigee, Ki-a-li-jee=—Kailaidshi.
Kiallegak—Kialegak.
Kianamaras=Gallinomero.
Kia’-na-wa= Kechipauan.
Ki-a/-ni= Kegi.
Kianosili= Kianusili.
Kiapaha=Quapaw.
K‘iap kwai na, K’iap’-kwai-na-kwe, K ‘idp kwai na-
kwin=Ojo Caliente.
Kiasses, Kiasseschaneres= Kuasse.
Kiatagmute= Kiatagmiut.
Kiataro, Kiataw=Coyoteros.
Kiatenes= Kiatagmiut.
Kiatenses= Knaiakhotana.
Kiateros=Coyoteros.
Ki/-4-wa, Kiaways= Kiowa.
Ki-a-wét-ni= Kiawetnau.
Kiaw-pino=Koprino.
Kiburi=Quiburi.
Kicapoos, Kicapous, Kicapoux, Kicapus= Kickapoo.
Kicaras= Arikara.
Kiccapoos= Kickapoo.
Kichae= Kichai.
Kichaga=Cayahoga.
Kichaoneiak, Kichaoueiak— Kishkakon.
Kichapacs= Kickapoo.
Kiche= Kichai.
Kichesipiiriniouek, Kichesipiriniwek = Kichesipi-
rini.
Kichik=Kilchik.
Kichis=Kichai.
3456—Bull. 30, pt 20768
Kichkagoneiak, Kichkankoueiak= Kishkakon.
Kichtages= Illinois.
Kichtawan, Kichtawanc, Kichtawanghs, Kichta-
wons, Kichtewangh, Kichtowanghs—Kitcha-
wank.
Ki’-¢i-ku’¢uc= Wichita.
Ki-¢i-tcac= Kichai.
Kickabawa=Kishkawbawee.
Kickapoo= Kispokotha.
Kickapoos of the prairies= Prairie Kickapoo.
Kickapoos of the Vermilion= Vermilion.
Kickapos= Kickapoo.
Kick-a-pou-go-wi Town= Kickapougowi.
Kickapous, Kickipoo= Kickapoo.
Kick-sa-tee= Kiksadi.
Kicktages= Illinois.
Kicktawanc= Kitchawank.
Kickuallis= Kikiallu.
Kiclichee= Kailaidshi.
Kicoagoves, Kicoapous, Kicopoux=Kickapoo.
Kictawance= Kitchawank.
Ki-dagh-ra= Azqueltan.
Kiddan=Skedans.
Kiddékédissé= Wichita.
Kidelik= Kidnelik.
Kidikuris= Wichita.
Kiechee= Kichai.
Kiektaguk=Kiktaguk.
Kienketons=Sisseton.
Kieoux= Cayuse.
Kiesno’s village= Wakanasisi.
Kiéteng= Kiatang.
Fiétsash=Kichai.
Ki-e-wah= Kiowa.
Ki-gal-twal-la=Watlala.
Kiganis, Kigarnee, Kigenes— Kaigani.
Kiggiktagmyut=Kigiktagmiut.
Kighetawkigh Roanu= Illinois.
Kighigufi= Atka.
Kigh-Mioute= Kiktaguk.
Kightages= Illinois.
Kightewangh, Kightowan=Kitchawank,
Kigikhkhun=Atka. !
Kigikhtawik, Kigiktauik=Kiktaguk.
Kiglacka, Kiglaska= Kiglashka.
Kignuamiut= Kinguamiut.
Kiguel= Mishikhwutmetunne.
Kigukhtagmyut=Kigiktagmiut.
Ki-gu-ksa Band=Kiyuksa.
Kihatoak® = Quijotoa.
Ki’/hi= Kingegan.
Kihigouns= Unalaska.
Kilnatsa=Crows.
Kihotoak=Quijotoa.
Ki’-hu= Kegi.
Ki-hua=Santo Domingo.
Kiimilit= Eskimo.
Kij=Gabrieleno. . ¢ ‘
Kijataigmjuten, Kijataigmiiten, Kijaten=Kiatag-
miut.
Kijik=Nikhkak. J
Kikabeux, Kikabons, Kikabou, Kikaboua, Kikabu=
Kickapoo.
Kikanonas=Karankawa.
Kikapau, Kikapoes, Kikapoos= Kickapoo.
Kikapouguoi— Kickapougowi. ;
Kikapous, Kikap8s, Kikapoux, Kikapouz, Kikapu=
Kickapoo.
Kikastas=Crows.
Kikchtaguk=Kiktaguk.
Kikealans=Kikiallu.
Kikhtaghouk, Kikhtangouk=Kiktaguk.
Kikhtog amut=Eiwhuelit.
Kikiallis, Kik-i-dllus, Ki-kia-loos, Kikialtis—Ki
kiallu.
Kikikhtagamiut= Kiktak.
Ree ntosyat, Kikiktagamute, Kikiktagmut=K1-
kiktak.
Kikiktowruk= Kiktaguk.
Kikkapoos= Kickapoo.
Kikkertarsoak=K kertarsoak.
Kikkerton=Kekerten.
Kikkhlagamute, Kikkhtagamute=Kiktak.
Kik-Khuigagamute, Kikkhwigagamute= Kikuikak,
| Kikliakliakakate=Kakliaklia.
Kikotan=Kiequotank.
Kikpouz= Kickapoo.
Kiksan=Kitksan.
Kik-the-swe-mud= Wapeminskink,
1074
Kikwistog=Kikwistok.
Kik-wiin-wii= Kik.
Kilametagag= Kilimantavie.
Kilamooks, Kil a mox, Kilamukes, Kilamute=Tilla-
mook.
Ki’'lat=Tsimshian.
Kilataks, Kilatica=Kilatika.
Ki-lat’-u-tike=Kilauutuksh.
Kilauwitawin=Kilimantavie.
Kilauwitawinmium=Kusilvak.
Kilawalaks=Kitlakdamix.
Kil-cah-ta= Kitkahta.
Kilchikh=Kilchik.
Kilgat=Tsimshian.
Kilgonwah=Kitwingach.
Kil-hai-oo=Skidegate.
Kil-har-hurst’s Town=Kilherhursh.
Kil-har-nar’s toun= Kilherner.
Kiliga= Kailaidshi.
Ki lin ig myut=Kilinigmiut.
Kilisteno, Kilistinaux, Kilistinon=Cree.
Kilistinons of the bay of Ataouabouscatouek= Bou-
scoutton.
Kilistinos, Kilistinous=Cree.
Kiliwatsal, Kiliwatshat=Kalawatset.
Kil-kait-hade= Hlgahet.
Kilkat=Tsimshian.
Killamook, Killamoucks, Killamouks, Killamox,
Killamuck, Killamuks=Tillamook.
Killawat=Kalawatset.
Killaxthocles=Killaxthokle.
Kill Buck= Killbuck’s Town.
Kill Close By=Nitotsiksisstaniks.,
Killeegko= Kailaidshi.
Killemooks, Killernoux=Tillamook.
Killestinoes=Cree.
Killewatsis=Kalawatset.
Killimoucks, Killimous, Killimux=Tillamook.
Killini= Cree.
Killis-tamaha=Inkillis Tamaha.
Killisteneaux, Killistenoes, Killistinaux, Killis-
tini, Killistinoer, Killistinoes, Killistinons, Kil-
listinous, Killistins—Cree.
Killiwashat, Killiwatshat= Kalawatset.
Kill, on, chan, Killoosa, Killowitsa=Kilutsai.
Killsmaht= Kelsemaht.
Killuda= Kiliuda.
Killutsar= Kilutsai.
Killymucks=Tillamook.
Kilootsa= Kilutsai.
Kil-pan-hus= Kilpanlus.
Kilsamat=Kelsemaht.
Kilyamigtagvik—Kilimantavie.
Kimena=Galisteo.
Ki/mkuitq= Kimsquit.
Kimmocksowick= Karusuit.
Kimmooenim= Kamiah.
Kimnepatoo= Kinipetu.
Ki-mni-can= Khemnichan.
Kimoenims, Kimooenim= Kamiah.
Ki-na=Kainah.
Kinadbik—= Kenabig.
Kinaetzi= Knaiakhotana,
Kinagamute=Kinak.
Kinaghi= Kaniagmiut.
Kinahi-piako—Tonkawa.
Kinahungik= Kinagingeeg.
Kinahzin=Casa Morena.
Kinai, Kinaitsa, Kinaitze, Kinaitzi, Kinaizi, Kina-
jut=Knaiakhotana.
Kinakanes=Okinagan.
Kin-a-roa-lax, Kinawalax=Kitlakdamix.
Kinawas= Kiowa.
Kinckemoeks= Micmac.
Kindais= Kendaia.
Ki/ndotliz= Wejegi.
Kinebikowininiwak=Shoshoni.
Kinegans= Kinugumiut.
Kinegnagamiut= Kinegnagak.
Kinegnagmiut= Kinegnak, Razboinski.
Kine-ne-ai-koon= Kainah.
King-a-ghee, King-a-khi= Kingegan.
Kingawa= Kingua.
King Beaver’s Town=Tuscarawas.
Kingee’-ga-mut=Kinugumiut.
Kinggigtok= Kingiktok.
King Heijah’s—Coe Hadjos Town.
Kinghiak= Kingiak.
Kingigamute— Kingegan.
KIKWISTOQ—KISHA WIN
[B. A. E.
Kingoua= Kingua.
Kiniaak= Kingiak.
Kinibeki= Kennebec.
Kinicklick= Kiniklik.
Kinik= Knik.
; K‘in’i K’el=Kintyel.
Kinik Mute= Kinugumiut.
Kinipissa= Acolapissa.
Kinishtinak, Kinishtino—Cree.
Kinisquit, Kinisquitt= Kimsquit.
Kinisteneaux, Kinistinaux, Kinistineaux, Kinisti-
noes, Kinistinons, Kinistinuwok—Cree.
Kiniwas= Kiowa.
Kinkale= Pueblo Pintado.
Kinkhankuk= Kinagingeeg.
Kinkyel= Pueblo Pintado.
a Kinlitcini, Kin/itsi’, Kinlitsi’/dine‘= Kinh-
itshi.
Kin-nach-hangik, Kinnakangeck= Kinagingeeg.
Kin-nas-ti=Shongopovi.
Kinnato-iks= Kinuhtoiah.
Kinnats, Kinnats-Khotana,
Knaiakhotana.
Kinnebeck Indians= Norridgewock.
Kinnepatoo, Kinnepatu= Kinipetu.
Kinnick= Kinik.
Kinnipetu= Kinipetu.
Kinnewoolun= Kitlakdamix.
Kinnipiaks= Quinnipiac.
Kinnstoucks= Kinuhtoiah.
Ki’-no= Kainah.
Kinonchepiirinik, Kinonchepirinik= Keinouche.
Kinongeouilini=Sturgeon.
Kinouché, Kinouchebiiriniouek, Kinounchepirini=
Keinouche.
Kinsaatin= K wilchana.
Kinse= Cayuse.
Kinstenaux, Kinstinaux=Cree.
Kintail= Kintyel.
Kintctwhwikit=Kinchuwhikut, :
Kintecaw, Kintecoy, Kinte Kaye, Kinticka=Can-
tico.
Kin-Tiel, Kintyeli= Kintyel.
Kinugmut, Kinugumut= Kinugumiut.
Kinuiak= Paugwik.
Kinuyak=Kingiak.
Kinya-indé=Jicarilla.
Ki’-o-a-me=Santo Domingo.
Kiobobas= Kiabaha.
Kiocsies= Kiyuksa.
Kioetoa= Khioetoa.
Kiohican, Kiohuan, Kiohuhahans= Kiowa.
Kiokakons= Kishkakon.
Kiolege= Kailaidshi.
Kio Michie= Kiamisha.
Kionahaa= Kiowa.
Kioose= Cayuse.
Kioosta= Kiusta.
Kiotsaa= Kio.
Kiouanan, Kiouanau, Kiouanous, Kioueouenau=
Wequadong.
Kious= Dakota.
Kiovas= Kiowa.
Kiowahs, Kioway= Kiowa.
Ki’/-o-wummi=Santo Domingo.
Ki-pan-na= Kipana.
Kipikavvi, Kipikawi, Kipikuskvvi=Pepikokia.
Kip-nai/-ak, Kipniaguk, Kipnisk=Kipniak.
Ki-Pomas= Kato.
Kiqatsa= Crows.
Kirauash=Querechos.
Kirhawguagh Roanu=Karhagaghrooney.
Ki-ri-kur-uks, Kirikurus= Wichita.
Kiristinon=Cree.
Ki/-ro-ko’-qo-tce= Kirokokhoche. ;
Kironnonas, Kironomes, Kirononas=Karankawa.
Kiruhikwak= Yurok.
Kisalas=Kitzilas.
Kis’dn-dinné, Kisdéni= Pueblos.
Kiscacones, Kiscacons, Kiscakons,
Kishkakon.
Kiscapocoke= Kispokotha.
Kischigamins=Kitchigami.
Kisch-pach-la-6ts= Kishpachlaots.
Kiscopokes= Kispokotha.
Kis-ge-gas, Kisgegos, Kis-go-gas—Kishgagass.
Kishais=Kichai.
Kishakevira= Hupa.
Kishawin=Kaisun.
Kinnatz-kokhtana=
Kiscakous= ~
BULL. 30]
Kishequechkela=Kishakoquilla.
Kishey=Kiski.
Kishgahgahs=Kishgagass.
Kishkako=Kishkakon.
Kishke-gas=Kishgagass.
Kishkemanetas, Kishkiminitas=Kiskiminetas.
Kishkuske= Kuskuski.
Kish-pi-youx=Kishpiyeoux.
Kishpochalots, Kishpokalants=Kishpachlaots.
Kisinahis= Kiowa Apache.
Kiskacoueiak= Kishkakon.
Kiskagahs=Kishgagass.
Kiskakonk, Kiskakons, Kiskakoumac, Kiskakouns—
Kishkakon.
Kiskaminetas— Kiskiminetas.
Kiskapocoke=Kispokotha.
Kiskemanitas, Kiskemeneco—Kiskiminetas.
Kiskiack, Kiskiak—Chiskiac.
Kis Kies=Kiski.
Kis Kightkonck= Keskistkonk.
Kiskokans= Kishkakon.
Kiskomnitos=Kiskominitoes.
Kiskowanitas= Kiskominitoes.
Kiskuskias= Kaskaskia.
Kisky=Kiski.
Kislistinons=Cree.
Kispachalaidy, Kispachlohts=Kishpachlaots.
Kispaioohs= Kishpiyeoux.
Kispapous= Kickapoo.
Kispiax=Kishpiyeoux.
Kispogégi, Ki-spo-ko-tha—Kispokotha.
Kispyaths, Kispyox=Kishpiyeoux.
Kissah=Coosa.
Kissaiakh= Kashaiak.
Kissgarrase, Kiss-ge-gaas= Kishgagass,
Kissiak, Kissiakh=Kashaiak.
Kisteneaux=Cree.
Kitadah=Kitunto.
Kitaesches, Kitaesechis=Kichai.
Kitaheeta= Hitchiti.
Kitalaska=Kitzilas.
Kitamah, Kitamaht, Kitamatt=Kitamat.
Kit, an, doh= Kitunto.
Ki-ta-ne-make= K hitanumanke.
Kitangataa=Kitangata.
Kitanning= Kittanning.
Kitans=Gituns.
Kitatels=Kitkatla.
Kitawan=Kitahon.
Kitax=Kitaix. ‘ =
Kit-cathla=Kitkatla.
Kitchaclalth=Kitsalthlal.
Ki’/tchas=Kichai.
Kitchatlah=Kitkatla.
Kitchawanc, Kitchawonck=Kitchawank.
Kitche, kla,la—Kitsalthlal.
Kitchem-kalem=Kitzimgaylum.
Ki’-tchésh, Kitchies=Kichai.
Kitchigamich, Kitchigamick=Kitchigami.
Kitchigami-wininiwak—Kitchigumiwininiwug.
Kitchimkale= Kiizimgaylum.
Kitchisibi-wininiwak = Kitchisibiwininiwug.
Kitcho-pataki= Hichopataki.
Kitchtawanghs=Kitchawank.
Kitchu lass=Kitzilas.
Kitchupataki= Kitchopataki.
Kitcigamiwininiwag—K echegummewininewug.
Kitcoonsa= Kitwingach.
Kite=Crows.
Kite Indians, Kites=Staitan.
Kitestues=Kittizoo.
Kitha-ata=Kitkahta.
Kit-hai-uass hadé=Hlgaiu.
Kithannink= Kittanning.
Kithatla—Kitkatla.
Kithigami= Kitchigami.
Kithkatla=Kitkatla.
Kitiga’ru= Kitegareut.
Kit-ih-shian= Kitksan.
Ki’tikiti’sh= Wichita.
Kitimat=Kitamat.
Kitinahs=Kitanmaiksh.
Kitistzoo=Kittizoo.
Kit/-ka= Kitkehahki.
Kitkaata, Kitkada, Kitkaét—Kitkahta.
Kitkagas= Kishgagass.
Kitkaha ‘ki, Kitkahoets— Kitkehahki.
Kitkaht, Kitkathla, Kit-kats—Kitkahta.
Kit’-ke-hak-i= Kitkehahki.
KISHEQUECHKELA—KIYATAIGMEUTEN
1075
Kit-khall-ah, Kit-khatla—Kitkatla.
Kit-ksum, Kit-ksun=Kitksan.
Kitlacdamax= Kitlakdamix.
Kitlach-damak, Kitlach-damix—Kitlakdamix,
Kitlan, Kitlan Kilwilpeyot=Kitlani.
Kitlatamox—Kitlakdamix.
Kitlax=Kitaix.
Kitloop, Kitlop—Kitlope.
Ki’tona’ga= Kutenai, Upper Kutenai.
Kitoonitza= Kitkatla.
Kits-ach-la-al’ch=Kitsalthlal.
Kitsaosi=Kichai.
Kitsagas= Kishgagass.
Kitsagatala=Kitsalthlal.
Kitsaiches= Kichai.
Kitsalas, Kitsalass, Kitsallas—Kitzilas.
| Kitsash, Kitsasi, Kits de Singes=Kichai.
Kitseesh= Kitzeesh.
Kitseguecla, Kitse-gukla—Kitzegukla.
| Kit-se-lai-so, Kitselassir, Kitsellase—Kitzilas.
Kitsenelah, Kit-se-quahla, Kit-se-quak-la—Kitze-
gukla.
Kits-ge-goos, Kits-go-gase= Kishgagass.
Kitsigeuhlé, Kitsiguchs, Kitsiguhli— Kitzegukla.
Kits-lisch, Kitsis=Kitzeesh.
Kitsoss= Kichai.
Kitspayuchs, Kits-piouse, Kits-pioux, Kits-piox—
Kishpiyeoux.
Kitspukaloats=Kishpachlaots.
Kits-pyonks= Kishpiyeoux.
Kits-se-quec-la= Kitzegukla.
Ki’tsu= Kichai.
Kitsumkalem, Kitsumkalum=Kitzimgaylum.
Kitswingahs=Kitwingach.
Kitswinscolds=Kitwinskole.
Kittak=Kitaix.
Kit ta maat= Kitamat.
Kittamaque-ink, Kittamaqundi= Kittamaquindi.
Kittamarks, Kit-ta-muat=Kitamat.
Kitt-and6= Kitunto.
Kittaning, Kittaones= Kittanning.
Kit-ta-was=Cumshewa.
Kitté-ga-re-ut, Kitte-garree-oot, Kit-te-ga-ru—Kite-
gareut.
Kit-tek, Kitten, Kit-tex—Kitaix.
Kittimat=Kitamat.
Kit-tistzu= Kittizoo.
Kittléan=Kitlani.
Kitt-lope=Kitlope.
Kittoa= Kituhwa.
Kit-too-nuh’-a= Kutenai.
Kittowa= Kituhwa.
Kittralchla=Kitkatla.
Kittumarks= Kitamat.
Kittuwa= Cherokee.
Kituanaha=Kitunahan Family, Kutenai.
Kitihwagi’= Cherokee.
Kitunaha= Kitunahan Family, Kutenai.
Kitunana, Kituna’ya= Kutenai.
Kitwancole, Kit-wan-cool= Kitwinskole.
Kit-wang-agh, Kitwangar= Kitwingach.
Kitwanshelt= Kitwinshilk.
Kit-will-coits; Kitwill, quoitz= Kitwilgioks.
Kit, will, su, pat= Kitwilksheba.
Kitwint-shieth, Kitwintshilth= Kitwinshilk,
Kit-wulg-jats= Kitwilgioks.
Kit-wilkse-lé=Kitwilksheba.
Kitwunga= Kitwingach.
Kitwunkool=Kitwinskole.
Kityagoos— Kittizoo.
Kit-zilass= Kitzilas.
Ki-ua=Santo Domingo.
Kiu-ahs-dée=Shongopovyi.
Kiukuswéskitchimi-ik= Malecite
Kiuses=Cayuse.
Kivalhioqua= K walhioqua.
Kivalinag-miut— Kevalingamiut
Kivalinge= Kechemudluk.
Kivichakh= Kyichak.
Kivome=Santo Domingo.
Kivualinagmut= Kivualinak,
Ki’-wa=Santo Domingo.
Kiwaa= Kiowa.
Kiwaw=Cayuse.
Ki’-wo-mi=Santo Domingo.
Ki’xmi= Kinugumiut.
Ki-ya-hanni, Ki-ya-jani= Kiyahani.
Kiyataigmeuten, Kiyaten=Kiatagmiut.
1076
Kiyuksan= Kiyuksa.
Kiyuse= Cayuse.
Ki-zan’/-ne= Pueblos.
Kizh=Gabrieleno.
K-kaltat= Kaltag.
K ‘kasawi= Kowasayee.
K-khaltat=Kaltat.
Kkhaltel= Kaltag.
Kk»a-lon-Gottineé= Kraylongottine.
Kkpayipa-Gottine= Krayiragottine.
Kkrayou-Kouttane= Kaiyuhkhotana.
Kkpayttchare ottiné=Kawchodinne.
Kkpay-tpélé-ottine, Kkpest’ aylé-kké ottiné=Atha-
basea.
K’kwa’/kum=Kukwakum.
Klaamen=Sliammon.
Klaat-sop=Clatsop.
Klachatah=K likitat.
Klackamas, Klackamus, Klackamuss=Clackama.
Kleckarpun=Ntlakyapamuk.
Klackatacks, Klackatucks= Klikitat.
K1a/ecaLxix= Ktlaeshatlkik.
K1ia’gulaq= Katlagulak.
Klahangamut=KIchakuk.
Klahars= Klahosaht.
Klahinks= Yakutat.
Klah-oh-quaht=Clayoquot.
Klahoose=Clahoose.
Klahoquaht=Clayoquot.
Klahose, Klahous=Clahoose.
Klah-wit-sis=Tlauitsis.
Klaizarts, Kla-iz-zarts=Makah.
Klakalama=Thlakalama.
Klakamat=Clackama.
Klakatacks= Klikitat.
Klakheluk=Neahkeluk.
Klakimas=Clackama.
Klakwan=Klukwan.
Kla-kwul-lum=Cloquallum.
Klalams, Klalanes, Klallam=Clallam.
Klamacs, Klamaks= Klamath.
Klamaskwaltin= Klamasqualtin.
Klamat= Klamath.
Klamath=Lutuamian Family, Shastan Family.
Klamath Lake Indians= Klamath.
Klamaths= Yurok.
Klamatk= Klamath.
Kla-ma-took= Klamatuk.
Klameth, Klamets= Klamath.
Kia/moix= Katlamoik.
Klanoh-klatklam= Kalispel.
Klantala= K watami.
Kla-oo-qua-ahts, Kla-oo-quates=Clayoquot.
Klapatei/tcin= Kapachichin.
Klarkinos= K laskino.
Klashoose=Clahoose.
Klas/-kaino= K laskino.
Klasset=Makah.
Klass-ki-no= K laskino.
Klatawars= Klatanars.
Klat-la-wash= Klatlawas.
Klat-ol-klin= Katshikotin.
Klatolseaquilla—Tlatlasikoala.
Klatraps, Klatsaps=Clatsop.
Klatscanai, Klatskanai, Klatskania, Klats-ka-nuise—
Tlatskanai.
Klatsops=Clatsop.
Klatstonis=Tlatskanai.
Klauoh-klatklam= Kutenai.
Klausuna=Tlanusiyi.
Kla-wit-sis, Kla-wi-tsush=Tlauitsis.
Klawmuts= Klamath.
Klaxermette=Taksomiut.
Klay-cha-la-tinneh=Thlingchadinne.
Klay quoit=Clayoquot.
Klay-tinneh=Thlingchadinne.
Kl-changamute= Klchakuk.
Klech-ah’-mech=Tlkamcheen.
Klegutshégamut= Kleguchek.
Kleketat=K likitat.
Klemook= Tillamook.
Klen-ee-kate, Klen-e-kate=Koluschan Family.
Kliarakans, Kliavakans=Klinkwan.
Klicatat, Klickataats, Klick-a-tacks, Klickatates,
Klickatats, Klickitats=Klikitat.
Klick-um-cheen, Klickunacheen=T]kamcheen.
Klikalats, Klikatat, Kliketan, Kliketat, Klikitat,
Klinget=Tlingit.
Klinquan=Klinkwan.
KIYUKSAN—KOIKHPAGAMUTE
[B. A. B.
Klin-tchanpe, Klin-tchonpeéh=Lintchanre.
Kliquital=Klikitat.
Klistinaux, Klistinons, Klistinos—Cree.
Kliuquan= Klinkwan.
Klo-a-tsul-tshik’=Tutchonekutchin.
Klockwaton, Klockwatone= Klochwatone.
EK’ logtcé’-yunne= K lothchetunne.
Klogigine, Klogidine‘, Klogni= Klogi.
Kl'o-ke-ottiné, Klo-kke-Gottine, Klo-kke-ottine=
Klokegottine.
Klokwan=Klukwan.
Kl6-ven-Kouttchin, Klo-vén-Kuttchin=T ukkuth-
kutchin.
Klowitshis=Tlauitsis.
Kluck-hait-kwee= Kluckhaitkwu.
Kluckwaton, Kluckwatone= K lochwatone.
Klucquan= Klukwan.
Klue, Klue’s Village= Koo.
Klugaducayn= K lokadakaydn.
Klikatat, Klik-ha-tat—Klikitat.
Klik-nachadi=Tluknahadi.
Klukwan= Kake.
Klusklus=Tluskez.
Klutagmiut=Klutak.
Knacsitares=Gnacsitare.
Knaina, Knaiokhotana= Knaiakhotana.
Knakanak= Kanakanak.
Knaut=Kuaut.
Knecktakimut=Chiukak.
Kneestenoag=Cree. ,
Kngalukmut, Kngalukmute=Kugaluk.
Kniegnagamute= Kinegnak.
Knife Indians= Esbataottine, Ntlakyapamuk.
Knik Station= Knakatnuk.
Kniktag’emut=Iknetuk.
K’niq’-a-mut= Knik.
Knisteaux, Knistenaus, Knistenaux, Knisteneau,
Knisteneaux, Knisteneux, Knisteno, Knistenoos,
Knistinaux, Knistineaux, Knistinos=Cree.
Knives=Ntlakyapamuk.
Koa= Koi.
Koa’antEl= K wantlen.
Koahualla= Kawia. :
| Koakias=Cahokia.
Koakramiut= Koksoagmiut.
K’’oa/la= Hoya.
Koa/lEqt= Koalekt.
K’’oa/pQ= Koapk.
eKoaskuna’/=Koiskana.
Koassati= Koasati.
Ko-a-wis-so-jik= Wakoawissojik.
Kocetenays= Kutenai.
Kéchéchd Wenénewak= K ojeje-wininewug.
Kochkogamute= Kochkok.
Kochkomut= Koko.
Kochlogtogpagamiut=Kukluktuk. |
Kochninakwe, Kochonino= Havasupai.
Ko-cke=Cochiti.
Koco= Hopi.
K‘odalpa-K ‘inago= Dakota.
Kodenees= Kutenai.
Koahell-vén-Kouttchin= K witchakutchin.
Koechies= Kichai.
Koeracoenetanon=Coiracoentanon. ‘
Koetenais, Koetenay, Koetinays= Kutenai.
Koggiung= Kogiung.
Kogholaghi= Unalaska. 5
Kogmollik Mutes=Kopagmiut.
Ko-hai, Kohaio= Kuhaia.
Kohatk=Quahatika.
Ko-ha-yo= Kuhaia.
Kohenins= Yayapai.
Kohkang, Kohknanamu=Kokyan.
Ko’hni’ma, Ko/-hni’ na=Havasupai.
Koho=Tanaha. ;
Kohoaldje= Paiute, Shivwits.
Koho ‘hlté= Taos.
Koho-mats-ka-catch-ka, Ko-ho-mut-ki-garts-kar, Ko-
ho-muts ka-catch-ka, Ko-ho-muts-ki-gar, Koho-
mutskigartokar=Kohamutkikatska.
Kohonino= Havasupai.
Kohoseraghe= Kanagaro.
Koht-ana= Knaiakhotana.
Kohun= Yuma.
Koi ai vla=Coila.
Koianglas= K weundlas.
Koienkahe= Karankawa. ;
Koikhpagamute, Koikhpagmute=—Ikogmiut.
BULL. 30]
Ko-iks= Laguna.
Koiltca’na= K wilchana.
Ko-intchush= Koinchush.
Koiotero=Coyoteros.
Ko’-i-yak‘=Coos.
K’’o’k-aitq = Kokaitk.
Kokent’k’ké=Okinagan.
Kokesailah= Koksilah.
Kokh’ lit innuin=Okiogmiut.
Kokhlokhtokpagamute= Kukluktuk.
Kokhuene=Cajuenche.
Kokmalect=Nuwukmiut.
Kokmullit=Nuwuk.
Kokob= Kukuch.
Ko-k‘oc’/= Coos.
Kokok= Kochkok.
Kokokiwak=Crows.
Ko-ko-mah village= Kokomo.
Kokomish=Skokomish.
Kokoninos= Havasupai.
Kokopa=Cocopa.
Kokopnyama= Kokopki.
Ko’-kop nyi-mi, Kokop winwi, Ko-kop-wiin-wi=
Kokop.
K’ ok’-0-ro-t’t/-yu= Pecos.
Koksawopalim= Pueblos.
Koksoagmyut, Koksoak Innuits= Koksoagmiut.
Kokvontan= Kagwagtan.
Kok-wai-y-toch= Kokaitk. ce
Ko-kyan-a, Kokyan winwi, Ko’-kyun-uih wun-wu=
Kokyan.
Kolapissas= Acolapissa.
Kolatica= Kilatika.
Kolchane, Kolchans, Kolchina=Kulchana.
Koliugi= Tlingit.
Koliva=Koroa.
Koljuches, Koljuschen, Koljush, Kolloshians=Tlin-
1t
git.
Kolmakovsky= Kolmakof.
Kolnit=Skilloot.
Koloches=Tlingit. i
Kolok=Coloc.
Kolooch, Koloschen= Koluschan Family.
Koloshi= Tlingit.
Kolshani= Kulchana,
Kolshina= Ahtena.
Kolsids, Kolsins=Colcene.
Koltchanes, Koltschane, Koltschanen, Koltschaner,
Koltshan, Koltshanen, Koltshanes, Koltshani,
Koltshany=Kulchana.
Kolich=Koluschan Family.
Kolumakturook, Kolumatourok, Kolumaturok= Kili-
mantavie.
Koluschen, Koluschians, Kolush=Koluschan Fam-
ily.
Kol’/utush=Calapooya.
Kolwa=Koroa.
Kolyuzhi=Tlingit.
Komantsu=Comanche.
Komarov Odinotchka= Komarof.
Komats=Comanche.
Kom/-bo= Yanan Family.
K’’o’m’enog= Komenok.
Komkiutis= Komkyutis.
Komkome’=Tonkawa.
K:‘omko’/tEs= Komkutis.
K’’0/mkyutis= Komkyutis.
Kom Maidium= Achomawi.
Ko’/mpabi’anta, Kompa/go= Kiowa.
Koms’eka-K’inahyup= Arapaho.
K’‘0/moks, Ko-mookhs=Comox.
Ko’/mpabi’anta= Kiowa.
Ko-mun’-i-tup/-i-o= Nez Percés.
Komux=Comox.
Kona=Skedans.
Konagens, Konagis= Kaniagmiut.
Konapee= Konope.
Konasadagea= Canadasaga.
Konasgi= Kaniagmiut.
Konasoa, Konassa—Canadasaga.
Konatines= Kanohatino.
Konaz=Kansa.
Ko-ne-a kun=Comiakin.
Kone-Konep= Konekonlp.
Kongigamut, Kongigamute= Kungugemiut.
Kongiganagamute= Kongiganak.
Koniagi, Koniagmutes= Kaniagmiut.
Koniata=Tonihata.
Konick=Cooniac.
K0O-IKS—KOSH-SHO’-O
|
|
)
|
|
1077
Konigunugumut=Kongiganak.
Konino= Havasupai.
Konjagen=Esquimauan Family, Kaniagmiut.
Konkhandeenhronon=Conkhandeenrhonon.
Konkoné= Tonkawa.
Ko’slo=Konglo.
Konnaack=Cooniac.
Konnaudaugua=Canandaigua.
Konoatinnos= Kanohatino.
Konondaigua= Canandaigua.
Kononwarohare=Ganowarohare.
Konootena= Kanuti.
Konoshioni, Konossioni= Iroquois.
Konowiki=Conoy.
Konsa, Konses=Kansa.
Konshaws=Coosha.
Kontarea=Contarea.
Konuaga=Caughnawaga.
Konungzi Oniga.= Iroquois.
Ko"ya-tdo’a= Kungya.
Konza= Kansa.
Kon-za= Kanze.
Kooagamutes= Kowagmiut.
Kooagomutes= Kunmiut.
Koo-a-sah-te= K oasati.
Koo-cha-koo-chin= Kutchakutchin.
Koo-chee-ta-kee, Koo-che-ta-kers= K otsoteka.
Koochin= Kutchin.
Koo-chi-ta-ker= Kotsoteka.
Koogmute= Kunmiut.
tKo-oh-lok-ta-que= Kalokta.
Kooigamute= K wik.
Kook-a-tee= Hokedi.
Kook-koo-oose= Coos.
Kookpovoros, Kookpowro
miut.
Kook-wai-wai-toh= Kokaitk.
Kool= Kuneste.
Koolsaticara, Koolsatik-ara= Kotsoteka.
Koolvagavigamute= Kulvagavik.
Koomen= Panamenik.
Koona=Skedans.
Koonjeskie= Kunjeskie.
Koo-og-ameuts= Kowagmiut.
Kooq Mutes= Kunmiut.
Koogotla’né= Kookotlane.
Koosah= Kusa.
Koo-sam=Husam.
Kooskimo= Koskimo.
Koot=Got.
Kootames, Kootanais, Kootanay, Kootanie=Kute-
nai.
Kootanies=Kitunahan Family.
Koo-tche-noos= Hutsnuwu.
Koo-tchin’= Kutchin.
K6o-tdoa= Koo.
Kootenai= Kitunahan Family.
Kootenai, Kootenaies, Kootenais, Kootenay, Koo-
tenia= Kutenai.
Kootenuha= Kitunahan Family.
Kooténuha, Kootones, Kootoonais= Kutenai.
Kootsenoos, Kootsnovskie, Kootznahoo, Kootznoos
Kootznov=Hutsnuwu.
Koovuk=Kowak.
Ko-pa=Gupa.
Kopa=Creeks.
Mutes= Kukpaurung-
_ Kopachichin= Kapachichin.
Kopagmut, Kopang-meiin= K opagmiut.
Ko-paya=Tulkepaia.
Ko-pe=Copeh.
Kopi»-tdéa= Kuping.
K ‘op-tagui=Jicarilla,
Koquahpilt= Koquapilt.
Koqueightuk= Kokaitk.
Koquilth= Wishosk.
Koquitan—Coquitlam.
Koracocnitonon, Korakoenitanon=Coiracoentanon.
Korekins= Karkin.
Korenkake= Karankawa.
Korimen= Keremen
Korkone= Tonkawa.
Koronks= Karankawa.
Korovinsky= Korovinski.
Ko-sa-te’ha"-ya/= K oasati.
Koschiginskoje= Kashega.
Ko-‘se-a-ye/-nyo">= Cayuga.
Kose-kemoe= Koskimo.
Koshegenskoi, Koshigin, Koshiginskoe= Kashega.
Kosh-sho’-o= Kassoyo.
1078
Kosimo, Koskeemos, K-osk’é/moq, Koskiemo, Kos’-
ki-mo, Kos-ki-mu= Koskimo,
Koskoquims= Kusk wogmiut.
Koskumos= Koskimo.
Kosmitas, Kosmiti= Hosmite.
Koso= Hopi.
Ko-so-a-cha= Kosotshe.
K’o-so-o= Hopi.
0s’-0-tcé’/= Kosotshe.
o+s/-tco-te’-ka= Kotsoteka.
Ko-stété= Laguna.
Kostshotéka= Kotsoteka.
Ko-sul-te-me= K wusathlkhuntunne.
Kosumnes=Cosumni.
Kosyrof=Koserefski.
Kotakoutouemi= Otaguottouemin.
Kot-a-Kutchin, Kotch-a-Kutchin= Kutchakutchin.
Kotchitchi-wininiwak= Kojejewininewug.
Ko-té-yi-miks= Kutaiimiks.
Ko’tiyti, Kot-ji-ti=Cochiti.
Ko-toh’-spi-tup’-i-o= Salish.
K’ otsaa/= Kio.
Kotsokhotana= Kungugemiut.
Ko-tyi-ti=Cochiti.
Kotzebue= Kikiktak.
K8ak8ak8chiouets, K8ak8chi8ets, Kotakouikouesi-
pute Kouakouikouesiwek = Wakouingouechi-
wek.
Kouans= Kohani.
K8apahag= K wapahag.
Kouaras=Quaras.
Kouari=Schoharie.
Kouas= Kawas.
Ko-uadvi=Tulkepaia.
Kouayan, Kouayon=Kouyam.
Koudekan=Gaudekan.
Kouera= Koroa.
Kougotis= Komkutis.
Kouivakouintanouas=Coiracoentanon.
Koukhontans= Kagwantan.
Kouksoarmiut= K oksoagmiut.
Koulischen=Koluschan Family.
Koumchaouas=Cumshewa.
Ko-un=Tontos, Tulkepaia.
K8na8ons= Kounaouons.
Kourona, Kourovas= Koroa.
Kouscha Kouttchin= Kutchakutchin.
Kouse= Coos.
Koushnous= Hutsnuwu.
Kouskokhantses= Kuskwogmiut.
Koutaines, Koutanis= Kutenai.
Ko-utchan= Yuma.
Koutonais=Kutenai.
Koutzenoos, Koutznous= Hutsnuwu.
Kouyou=Kuiu.
Kowag-mut= Kowagmiut.
Kowai=Salmon River Indians.
Kowailchew, Kow-ait-chen=Cowichan.
Kowalitsks=Cowlitz.
Kowang-méun= Kowagmiut.
Kow-a/-sah= Kawaiisu.
Ko-was-ta= Kohashti.
Kowavi=Tulkepaia.
Kowelits, Kowelitsk=Cowlitz.
Kowes, Kowes Bay=Coos.
Kow-hé-tah= Kawita.
Ko-wilth= Wishosk.
Kowitchans, Kowitsin=Cowichan.
Kowlitz=Cowlitz.
Kowmook=Comox.
Kowogoconughariegugharie= Kowogoconnugharie-
gugharie.
Kowronas= Koroa.
Kowwasayes, Kowwassaye, Kowwassayee= Kowa-
sayee.
Kow welth=Chaahl.
Koxnina kwe, Kéxniname= Hayasupai.
Ko-ya-ta, Ko-ya-te, Ko-ya-tes, Ko-ye-to— Koyeti.
Ko-yo-konk-ha-ka=Cayuga.
Koyona winwi, Ko-yo’-io wiin-wi=Koyonya.
Koyoshtu= Hano.
Koyoukon= Koyukukhotana.
Koyoukouk-Kouttane=Koyukukhotana.
Koyu= Kuiu.
Koyugmut=Koyugmiut.
yoke (River), Koyukuk settlements=Koyu-
cuk.
Koyukin, Koyikunskoi= Koyukukhotana.
Ko-za-bi-ti-kut-teh= Kotsaya.
KOSIMO—KU’/KANiS ‘HY AKA-HANOQ™
[B. A. BE.
Kozyrof= Koserefski.
Kqai-cuk=Khaishuk.
K’ qai-ki-te’im= K haikuchum,
Kqai-yuk’-kqai= Khaiyukkhai.
K’qai-ya-mi-3i=K haiyumitu.
Kqa-kqaite’=Khakhaich.
K’ qate-qais’= Khachtais.
K’ gil/-tq= Khilukh.
K’ gi-nuq’ 3inné= Khinukhtunne,
Kqi’-ta-lai’t’ ¢é= Khitalaitthe.
Kgqlim-kwaic’/= Khlimkwaish.
K’gloc’-le-qwit/-tce= Khloshlekhwutshe.
Kqlo-qwai yi-tslu= Khlokhwaiyutslu.
K’qlo-qwec yinné=Coos, Kalawatset, Siuslaw.
K’qolg=Kholkh.
Kgoptle/nik=Colville.
Kqil-hanct’-auk=Khulhanshtauk.
Kqu-wai-hus= Khuwaius.
Kpagmalit, Kpagmalivect, Kpagmaliveit, Kpamalit,
Kramalit, Kpavanaptat=Kitegareut.
Kreeks=Creeks.
Krees=Cree.
Kreluit=Skilloot.
Krichos=Creeks.
Kricqs, Kries=Cree.
Krihk=Creeks.
Kpikeptalopméut= Ugjulirmiut.
Kripniyukamiut=Kipniak.
Kriqs, Kris, Kristenaux, Kristeneaux, Kristinaux,
Kristino=Cree.
Kroaout=Kuaut.
Kpoteylo eut, Kpoteyopeut=Kitegareut.
Kshkushking= Kuskuski.
K‘’tatas=Shanwappom.
Ktea/m= Kicham.,
Ktzialtana=Kulchana.
Ku-ag-mut=Kowagmiut.
Kuahadi= K wahari.
Kuaja=K wahu.
Kua-kaa=San Marcos.
Kua-kay= Kuakaa.
Kuakumtcen= Kuakumchen.
Kuz-kyi-na=Kwakina.
Kualiug-miut=Kugaluk.
Kualt=Kuaut.
Kualyugmut=Kugaluk.
Kuangmiut= Kowagmiut.
Kuant=Kuaut.
Kubakhye= Kawaiisu.
Ku’beratpat=Penateka.
Kubok= Kowak.
Ku-chi-bich-i-wa-nap’ Pal-up’=Tubatulabal.
Kiuchin= Kutchin.
Kichnikwe= Havasupai.
Kuce’-le-ta’/-ta= Kushletata.
Kud-witcaca= Kutawichasha.
Kueh’a= Komoyue.
Kuenytigu-haka=Cayuga.
Kueé’/qa=Kueha, Komoyue.
Kue’xa= Komoyue.
Kuée/xamut=Guetela.
Kugalukmut, Kugalukmute= Kugaluk.
Kugmiut= Kunmiut. :
Kuhn=Tulkepaia.
Kuhnauwantheew=Conoy.
Kuhni kwe, Ku’h-nis= Havasupai.
Kuhns=Tontos. Z
Kuw’htche-té’yka= Kotsoteka.
Roniaanie =e yhashti.
Kuicha= Komoyue.
Kuik= Atnik.
Kuikawkuk= Hawikuh.
Kuikli= Kwik.
Kuikni= Molala.
Ki-i-lité=Kuilitsh.
Kuilka= Kaskaskia.
Kuilkhlogamute= Kuilkluk.
Kuille-pates=Quileute.
Kui-much-qui-toch= Kimsquit.
Kuin-ae-alts= Quinaielt.
Kuinskanaht=Koiskana.
Kuisaatin= K wilchana.
Kuitare/-i= Pawnee.
Ku-ite=Kuitsh.
Kuizan= Yuma.
Kujata=Kiatang.
Kujéédi= Kuyedi.
Kuju-kon= Kouyou.
| Ki’kanis‘hyaka-hanoq=Kukinishyaka.
so he
—
BULL. 30]
Kukanuwu=Huna.
Kukapa=Cocopa.
Kikettan=Kokhittan.
Kukhn-yak=Cooniac.
Kukhpagmiut=Kopagmiut.
Kuk-ke-wa-on-an-ing= Wequadong.
Ku-kua=San Marcos.
Kii’-ku-tci, Kii’-kute wun-wii= Kukuchi.
Kukuth-kutchin=Tukkuthkutchin,
Kukuts, Kukutsi= Kukuch.
Ku-kwil’, Ku-kwil’jfinné, Ku-kwil’-tiin junné= Mi-
shikhwutmetunne.-
Ka ‘lahi= Kuhlahi.
Kulahuasa=Calahuasa.
Kula’ Kai Po’mo= Keliopoma.
Kula-napo, Kulanopo= Kuhlanapo.
Kula’pten’elt= Quelaptoulilt.
Kuldo, Kuldoe= Kauldaw.
Ku-lees, Ku-leets=K ulleets.
Kul-hil-atsi= Kadohadacho.
Ki-lis’-kite hite/lim=Taltushtuntude.
Kulj-khlugamute= Kuilkluk.
Kulkuisala= Koksilah.
Kulkumic= Kulkumish.
Kullas Palus, Kullespelm, Kullespen= Kalispel.
Kulluk= Kulukak.
Kul’-meh= Yiikulme.
Kulo=-téwa=Konglo.
K'ulpa ki’ako= Kretan.
Kulsage= Kulsetsiyi.
Kilsam-Tgé-us, Kuls-Tgé-ush= Kulshtgeush.
Kulua, Kulwa=Koroa.
Kulwoguwigumut=Kulvagavik.
Ki-man-i-a-kwe=Comanche.
Kumas’ jainné= Kimestunne.
Kumbatkni, Kimbatuashkni, Kumbatwash=Kum-
batuash.
Kum-cutes, Kumkewtis= Komkyutis.
Kumnom=Nuimok.
Kumshahas, Kumshewa, Kumshiwa=Cumshewa.
Ku/-mu= Kunipalgi.
Kumumbar=Cumumbah.
Kun=Tulkepaia, Yuma.
K°'u/na=Skedans.
Kutaii-tdéa= Kungaii.
K’’unaké/owai=Kona-kegawai.
Kunana=Nahane.
Kufétdi-tdoa— Kungfetdi.
Kungeeg-ameuts, Kiungigemut= Kungugemiut.
Ki-nis’ yinné= Alsea.
Kun la’/nas= Kuna-lanas.
Kunmiun=Kunmiut.
Kinmid’/lin— Kangmaligmiut.
Kun na-nar-wesh= Arapaho.
K’ in-nu’-pi-yu’= Kunnupiyu.
Kunoagon=Connewango.
Ku"pi-tdéa= Kungpi.
Kungit= Gunghet-haidagai.
Kunshak bolukta=Concha.
Ku"ta-witcaca= Kutawichasha.
Kin-tdoa= Kun.
Ku"tsa-tdoa= Kungtsa.
Ku"tsei-tdéa= Kungtsei.
Ku "tsoa-tdéa= Kungtsoa.
Ku’nu-haya’/nu= Potawatomi.
*Kiuin-in-ah’=Tahltan.
Kunwicasa= Kutawichasha.
Kun,yit=Gunghet-haidagai.
Kunya-tdoa, Ku"ye-tdoa= Kungya.
Kunyi-tdoa= Kungyi.
Kun’-za= Kanze.
Ku66lt-e=K wantlen.
Kuostgru= Kuosugru.
Ku-di’-mig¢l-ta’/= Kupimithlta.
Kupi"-tdoa, Kupi-toda=Kuping.
Kupinimiun=K opagmiut.
Kirahi’yi= Kulahiyi.
Kuraintu-kwakats= K waiantikwokets.
Kurtz= Kurts.
Kupvik= Kopagmiut.
Kuts=Coos.
Kus=Okuwa.
Kusa=Coos, Creeks.
Ku’sa-niina’hi=Creek Path.
Ku’sawet’/yi=—Cusawatee.
Kuscarawaoks, Kuscarg wocks=Cuscarawaoc,
Kus-ché-o-tin= Kezche.
KUKANUWU—KU/YAKINCHI
1079
Kusch-ké-ti= Koskedi.
Kuschkukchwak-miiten= Kuskwogmiut.
Bus gla’ yinné/=Salwahka.
usha=Coosha.
Kushacton= Coshocton.
Kushak=Coosha.
Kushak Chitto=Conchachitou.
Kushak osapa=Conshaconsapa.
Kushak tikpi=Conchatikpi.
Kushang= Kashong.
Kushcushkec= Kuskuski.
Kushichagat= Vagitchitchate.
Kush-Kish= Usal.
Heasbeuchkoe} Kushkushking, Kushkuskies=Kus-
uski.
Kushocton=Coshocton.
Kushokwagmut= Kuskwogmiut.
Ku/shpélu= Kalispel.
Kushutuk= Kashutuk.
Kusil=Cascil.
Kusilvuk= Kusilvak.
Ku-si-pah= K osipatuwiwagaiyu.
Kusi-Utahs=Gosiute.
Kuskaranaocke, Kuskaraweck=Cuscarawaoc.
Kusk-édi= Koskedi.
Kuskeiskees= Kaskaskia.
Kus-ke-mu= Koskimo.
Kuskogamute, Kuskohkagamiut= Kuskok.
Kusko ktiax tana= Kuskwogmiut.
Kuskokvagamute, Kuskokvagmute= Kuskok.
Kuskokvakh= Kuskokvak.
Kuskokwagamute=K uskok.
Kuskokwigmjuten=Kuskwogmiut.
Kuskokwim= Kulchana, Kuskwogmiut. :
Kuskokwimer, Kuskokwimjuts, Kuskokwims, Ku-
skokwimtsi= Kuskwogmiut.
| Kuskoquimers=Kulchana.
Kuskovak, Kuskovakh=Kuskokvak.
Kuskuschki, Kuskuskas= Kuskuski.
Kuskuske= Kaskaskia.
Kuskuskees, Kuskuskies, Kuskuskin, Kuskusko
Town, Kuskusky= K uskuski.
Kuskutchewak, Kuskutshewak, Kuskwogmut=Ku-
skwogmiut.
Kius-me’ 3fiinné=Coos.
Ku-so-cha-to-ny= Kosotshe.
Kuspélu= Kutenai.
Kussilof= Kasilof.
Kussoe= Coosa.
Kusta Haade=Kiusta.
Kustaloga—Custaloga’s Town.
u/-su-me/ yuinné= Kosotshe.
utanas, Kitani= Kutenai.
Kutani, Kitanis=Kitunahan Family.
KutchaaKuttchin, Kutcha-kutchi= Kutchakutchin
Kutch’-d-kutch’-in= K witchakutchin.
Kutchan= Yuma.
Kutchia Kuttchin= Kutchakutchin.
Kutcitciwininiwag= Kojejewininewug.
Ku-jou-wi/-t’¢é= Kutshuwitthe.
K’u-td6éa=Ku.
Kutenae, Kutenay=Kutenai.
Kutkwutlu= Katkwaahltu.
Kutlik=Kotlik.
Kutneha’, Kutona, Kutonacha, Kutonaqa, Kutonas=
Kutenai.
Ku-towa=Ku.
Ku-t’qin= Kutchin.
Ki’ts= Kurts.
Kutsha-kutshi= Kutchakutchin.
Kutshi, Kutshin= Kutchin.
Kutsnovskoe= Hutsnuwu.
Kuttelspelm= Kalispel.
Kuttoowauw=Cherokee.
Kutzén= Yuma.
Ku’/-u-ki=Sacaton.
Ku-i/-sha=Creeks.
Kiuts=Kuts.
Ku-ux-ews= Kiyuksa.
Kuvahaivima=Serranos.
Kuwahi’= Keowee.
Kiu-wa’-ku-che= Koakotsalgi.
Ku-we-vé-ka pai-ya= Yavapai.
Kiiwhaia= Kuhaia.
Kuwichpackmuten=Ikogmiut.
Kuwtinmiun= Kowagmiut. nt
K!u’/xinedi= Kuhinedi.
| Kuyni-kue= Havasupai.
| Kuyakinchi= Koyukukhotana,
1080
Kuyalegees= Kailaidshi.
Ku Ya-mung-ge=Cuyamunque.
Kuyawas= Kiowa.
Kuyukak=Kuiukuk.
Kiyukantsi= Koyukukhotana.
Kuyuktolik= Koyuktolik.
Kuytiku-haga—Cayuga.
Kuyukuks, Kuyukunski= Koyukukhotana.
Kuyutskoe= Kuiu.
Kuzlakes=Tluskez.
Kvieg-miut, Kvieguk-miut=Kviguk.
Kvigathlogamute= Kvigatluk.
Kvigmut= Kwik.
Kvigukmut=Kyiguk.
Kvikh= Kwik.
Kvikhagamut=Kvikak.
Kvinghak-mioute, Kvinkhakmut=Kyinkak.
Kviougmioute= Kwik.
Kvishti= Paguate.
Kwa=Kwahu.
Kwa-ai’-te’ I= K waitshi.
Kwaaksat= Hoh.
Kwa’g'ul, Kwagutl=Kwakiutl.
Kwahada, Kwa’hadi= K wahari.
Kwahadk‘=Quahatika.
Kwahare tetchaykane= K wahari.
Kwahkewlth=K wakiutl.
Kwahnt-len=K wantlen.
Kwahu winwt, Kwa/-hi-wiin-wi=Kwahu.
Kwaiantl=Quinaielt.
Kwaihantlas Haade=K weundlas,
Kwaitlens=K wantlen.
Kwakiool= K wakiutl.
Kwakiutl=Wakashan Family.
Kwa/kok'tL=K wakokutl.
Kwakoom=Kukwakum.
Kwa/kowénéx= K wakowenok.
Kwa-kuhl=K wakiutl.
KwakuqEmal ’énéx= Kwakukemalenok.
Kwakwakouchiouets= Wakouingouechiwek.
K!walasints= K walasints.
-Kwa-le-cum=Saamen.
Kwalhiokwas=K walhiloqua.
Kwa/li=Qualla.
Kwaliokwa=K walhioqua.
Kwalin’yi=Qualla.
Kwan-le-cum=Saamen.
Kwantlin, Kwantlum, Kwantlun=Kwantlen.
Kwan wun-wi=K wan.
Kwapa, Kwapa-¢egiha, Kwapa-Dhegiha—Quapaw.
Kwashillas, Kwasila=Goasila.
Kwa-ja/-mé yinne’= K watami.
Kwat-kewlth= K wakiutl.
Kwat-seno, Kwats’enoq, Kwatsino=Quatsino.
K’ watimati/-tené= K watami.
Kwat-zi-no=Quatsino.
Kwauaenoq, Kwa-wa-ai-nuk, Kwa-wa-a-nuk=Guau-
aenok.
Kwaw-kewlth=K wakiutl.
Kwaw-kwaw-apiet, Kwawkwawapilt=Koquapilt.
Kwaw-kwelch= Kwakiutl.
Kwaw-ma-chin=Quamichan.
Kwaw-she-lah=Goasila.
Kwawt-se-no=Quatsino.
Kwayo winwt, Kwa/-yo win-wi=Kwayo.
Kwe-ah-kah= Komoyue.
Kwe-ah-kah Saich-kioie-tachs= Kueha.
Kwédéch’= Mohawk.
Kwe-deé-tut—Quileute.
Kweé-ahogemut=K wiahok.
Kweegamiut= Kwik.
Kweet=Quaitso.
Kwégamut= Kwik.
Kwéhts-hu=Quaitso.
K-we’k'sot’énog= Koeksotenok.
Kwenaiwitl=Quinaielt.
Kwe-nét-che-chat, Kwe-nét-sat’h= Makah.
Kwent-le-ah-mish= K wehtlmamish.
Kwéres=Keresan Family.
Kwetcap tutwi= Kuchaptuvela.
Kwe’/tEla=Tsimshian.
Kwetso= Quaitso.
Kwe/-wi-iih wiin-wi, Kwewu winwi=Kwewu.
Kwi-ah-kah= Komoyue.
Kwichag-mit= Kiatagmiut.
sole oe ae Kwichpacker, Kwichpagmju-
ten, Kwichpak Indians=Ikogmiut.
Kwick-so-ten-o= Koeksotenok.
Kwigalogamut, Kwigalogamute=Kwikak.
Kwigamiut, Kwigamute= Kwik.
KUYALEGEES—LA BARRANCAS
[B. A. B.
Kwigathlogamute, Kwigathlogumut=K vigatluk.
Kwi-ha=Kueha. re
Kwikagamiut, Kwikagamut—Kwikak.
Kwikapa=Cocopa.
Kwikh= Kwik.
Kwikhluagemut=K wikluagmiut.
Kwikhpag’emut=K wikpagmiut.
Kwikhpagmut=Ikogmiut.
Kwi’/koaénox= K wikoaenok.
Kwikotlem=Coquitlam.
Kwiksot’enoq, Kwik’-so-tino=Koeksotenok.
Kwi‘kwitlEm=Coquitlam.
Kwikwi/lit= Watlala.
Kwil-aic’-auk= K wilaishauk.
Kwille-hates, Kwilléhiut, Kwilleut, Kwilleyhuts,
Kwilleyute=Quileute.
Kwillu’chinl=Cathlamet.
Kwinaith, Kwinaitl, Kwinaiult, Kwinaiutl’=Qui-
naielt.
Kwinishtkineihaki=Queenashawakee.
Kwi/nobi, Kwin-yap win-wi=K wingyap.
Kwistyi=Paguate.
wi sut/-qwit=Kthutetmetseetuttun,
witara/-a= Pawnee.
Kwitchia-Kutchin= K witchakutchin.
Kwi’tctenEm=K wichtenem.
Kwiteydna= Yuma.
Kwithluag’emut=K wikluagmiut.
Kwittcha-Kuttchin= K witchakutchin.
Kwohatk=Quahatika.
Kwois-kun-a’= Koiskana.
Kwokw60s=Coos.
Kworatems=Kworatem.
Kwoshonipu=Chimariko.
Kwout=Kuaut.
Kwowahtewug= Mandan.
Kwsi-30i-30u/= K wsichichu.
Kwi’da= Kiowa.
Kwil-ai-cau-ik=K wulaishauik.
Kwil-hat-iin-nite’/=K wulhauunnitsh.
Kwulkwul=Nayakololay.
Kwil-laic=Kwullaish.
Kwil’-laq-t’au-ik= K wullakhtauik.
Kwulseet=Colcene.
Kwil-tci’-tci-tcéck’= K wultshitshitseshk.
Kwil-4sai-ya=K wultsaiya.
Kwun Haade=Skedans.
Kwun Lennas=Kuna-lanas.
Kwiis-atel/-qtin yin/né= K wusathlkhuntunne.
Kwis-se’-yin=K ushetunne.
Kwiu-teh-ni=K waiailk.
Kwit/-ti-tcun’-t’sé= K wuttitshuntthe.
Kwygyschpainagmiut=K winak.
Kyagantaiahounhin= Aleut.
Kyacks=Kake.
Kyahagah=Cayahoga.
Kyahuntgate, Kyahwilgate— Keyerhwotket.
Kyakima, K’ya/-ki-me= Kiakima.
Kya-kuina= Kk wakina.
Kyanamara=Gallinomero.
K‘ya-na-thlana-kwe= Laguna.
K’ya-na-we=Kechipauan,
Kya/nusla=Kianusili.
Kyaukw=Tillamook.
Kyaways= Kiowa.
Kycu-cut=Kyuquot.
Kye-use= Cayuse.
Kyewaw=Kiawaw.
Kygani=Kaigani.
Kyganie=Skittagetan Family.
Kyganies, Kygany, Kygargey, Kygarney=Kaigani.
Kyia‘hl= Kyialish.
Kyia/Itkoangas=Kialdagwuns.
Kyiks’adé= Kiksadi.
Kyis=Kichai.
Ky’ it’st’a=Kiusta.
Kyoose=Cayuse.
Kyo’p’énoq= Koprino.
Kyristin8ns—Cree.
Kyspyox=Kishpachlaots.
Ky-uk-aht=Kyuquot. .
Kyu/-kite hitclim=Takelma.
Ky-wk-aht, Ky-yoh-quaht= K yuquot.
Laa/laqsEnt’aio, La/alaxsEnt’aio—Laalaksentaio.
| Laaluis=Tlaaluis.
La-ap-tin= Nez Pérces.
La Barrancas= Barrancas,
eT
BULL. 30]
Laboba=Saboba.
La Boco del Arroyo=Boco del Arroyo.
La Canada=Santa Cruz.
Lacane= Lacame.
La Canoa=Canoa.
Laccaya=Sakaya.
Lac Court d’Oreille band, Lac Court Oreille Band, Lac
Court Orielles, Lac Court Orville, Lac Coutereille=
Lac Court Oreilles.
Lac de deux Montagne, Lac de Deux Montagnes—
Oka.
Lac du Flambeau= Wauswagiming.
LacgEnEmaxiy=Tlashgenemaki.
Lachal-sap= Lakkulzap.
Lachaways= Alachua.
La-ches=Tachi.
La Cienega, La Cienegia, La Cienguilla—Cienega.
Lack-al-sap= Lakkulzap.
Lackaway= Alachua.
Lack-Bows=Sans Arcs.
Lackweips=Lakweip.
La Cloche=Chibaouinani.
Laco=Lageay.
Lacomnis=Sekumne.
La Concepcion=Purisima Concepcién de
Asinais.
La Concepcion Bamoa= Bamoa.
La Concepcion de Quarac=Quarai.
La Conception=Ossossane, Totiakton.
Lacopseles=Tlascopsel.
Lacota, La-cotahs= Dakota.
Lacquesumne= Lakisumne.
Lac qui Parle band, Lacquiparle Indians= Mdeiye-
dan.
La-Croix= Anamiewatigong.
Lac Shatac—Chetac Lake.
Lac Traverse band=Kahra.
La Dalle Indians,
Indians.
Ladaxat=Hladakhat.
Laek que lib la, Laek-que-lit-ka—Lekwiltok.
La Encarnacion, La Encarnacion del Sutaquison=
Sudacson.
La’enuxuma= Laenukhuma.
La Estancia= Estancia.
La Fallorine= Munominikasheenhug.
La Feuille’s band= Kiyuksa.
La Follovoine=Munominikasheenhug.
La Gallette=Oswegatchie.
Lagana= Laguna.
La Gattell—Oswegatchie.
%a'gi=Hlagi.
Lagoons=Tolowa.
Lagouna= Laguna.
La Gran Quivira=Tabira.
Laguna=Tatagua. ~
Laguna del Capitan Pablo=San Pablo.
Laguna del Hospital=Camani.
Laguna de San Pablo=San Pablo.
Lagunas=Timpaiavats.
Lagune, Lagunians, La haguna= Laguna.
Lahama=Lahanna.
La Have, La Heve=Le Have.
Eahayi’kqoan= Yakutat.
Lahouita=Kawita.
Lahtohs= Methow.
Laich-Kwil-tacks=Lekwiltok.
Laida, Laidennoj= Kasnotchin.
Laitanes=Ietan.
La Jolla=La Joya.
Lak, Lakamellos=Clear Lake Indians.
La Kar=Ietan.
Lake Calhoun band=Kheyataotonwe.
Lake Indians=Dwamish, Lower Kutenai, Seni-
jextee, Timpaiayats.
La’k!élak, La’k!elaq—Clatsop.
Lake of the Two Mountains=Oka.
Lake Winnebagoshish band = Winnebegoshishi-
wininewak.
Lake Winnipeg band=Nibowisibiwininiwak.
Lakhamute=Ugalakmiut.
Lakmiuk=Lakmiut.
Lakota= Dakota.
Lak»’-an=Klukwan.
La’kuilila=Walas K wakiutl.
Lalachsent’aio= Laalaksentaio.
La Laguna=Camani.
La’Lasiqoala, La’Lasiqwala=Tlatlasikoala.
La/lauiLEla=Lalauitlela.
los
Ma <6 we
LABOBA—LAW ANAKANUCK
1081
La/legak=Tlalegak.
LaLela/min=Tlatlelamin.
Laleshiknom= Kato.
La Litanes=Ietan.
Lal Linches=Talinchi.
‘La ‘lo-algi= Hlahloalgi.
‘La ‘lo-kalka= Hlahlokalka.
La Loup=Skidi.
Lama= Lema.
La-malle=Chelamela.
La Mar=Omaha.
Lamasket= Namasket.
Lamatan= Huron.
La Merced= Merced.
La Mesa=Temalwahish.
Lamikas=Rancocas.
Lamoines= Laimon.
La Montagne= Onondaga.
Lamparacks=Ditsakana.
Lam xei’yat=Wakanasisi.
Lana=Tano.
Lanahltungua, La’-na xé’-gAns=Lanahawa.
Lanaxk=Tlanak.
Land Pitches=Sanpet.
Lanecy=Lipan.
Lanegados= Anegados.
Langley=Kwantlen.
L’Anguille= Kenapacomaqua.
Langundowi-Oteey, Languntoutenuenk, Languntou-
tenunk= Languntennenk.
Lanos= Manso.
L’anse= Wequadong.
‘Lanudshi apala= Hlanudshiapala.
Laousteque=Texas.
La Paddo=Comanche.
Lapahégi= Arapaho.
| Lapan, Lapanas, Lapane, Lapanne=Lipan.
La Dalles Indians=—Dalles |
La-pap-poos, Lapappu=Lapapu.
La Pienés House Indians=Tukkuthkutchin.
| La Plais=Comanche.
‘Lap-‘lako= Hlaphlako.
La Play, La Playes=Comanche.
Lapointe, La Pointe band, Lapointe du S(ain)t. Es-
prit=Shaugawaumikong.
la Pong= Ponca.
La Ponite Chagauamegou=Shaugawaumikong.
La Porcelaine= Metoac.
Lapototot= Lopotatimni.
La Prairie de la Madelaine, La Prairie de la Magde-
laine= La Prairie.
La Présentation=Oswegatchie.
La Purificacion de la Virgen de Alona= Halona.
La Purisima de Zuni=Zuhi.
La Purissima Conception=Cadegomo.
LatqaLala=Tlakatlala.
La’qaui=Lakaui.
Laquaacha= Yukichetunne.
Laq’uyi’p=Lakweip.
Laramari=Tarahumare.
L’Arbrech-roche, L’Arbre Croche, L’Arbre
Waganakisi.
la Ree= Arikara.
Large Hanga= Banga.
Large People=Chito.
La’ri’hta= Comanche.
Lar-li-e-lo=Spokan.
La Rochelle=Ossossane.
La Rosario=Santa Rosario.
Lartielo, Lar-ti-e-to’s Nation=Spokan.
Las Barancas, Las Barrancas=Barrancas.
La Soledad=Soledad Indians.
La Sone=Sonoita.
L!a’sq!énox"= K laskino.
Lastekas, Las Tesas, Las Texas, Lasticas=Texas.
Last Lodge= Kanze.
Lasues= Dakota.
La’-ta-da= Dhatada.
Latchione, Latchivue— Alachua.
Lat‘gat°wat=Upper Takelma.
Latiléntasks= Adirondack.
La Tinaja, La Tinaoca=Tinajas.
Lati-u, Latiwe=Molala.
La Tota=Tota.
Latsop=Clatsop.
Lauanakanuck= Lawunkhannek.
Lau’itsis=Tlauitsis.
Bawa’k=Klawak.
Lawanakanuck, Lawenakanuck, Lawunahhannek,
Lawunakhannek= Lawunkhannek.
Cruche=
1082
ba/xayik—= Hlahayik.
Eaxq !'xo-an= Hlukkuhoan.
La’xsé= Haailakyemae.
Lay-skik= Kloo.
Layamon= Laimon.
Laydanoprodevskie= Ledyanoprolivskoe.
Laylekeean= Lelikian.
Layma= Laguna.
Laymon, Layména, Laymones=Laimon.
Laysamite= Lesamaiti.
Lazars=I]linois.
La Zoto= Oto.
Leta’/méctix=Seamysty.
LdA‘Idji tama’-i=Tlduldji.
Leaf Bed= Wahpekute.
Leaf (Indians), Leaf Nation, Leaf Villagers= Wah-
peton.
Leapers=Chippewa.
Leather Village=Koserefski.
Lecatuit=Likatuit.
Lecawgoes=Secawgo.
Lecha (Indians) =Gachwechnagechga.
Lechavaksein, Lechawaxen=Lackawaxen.
L’Ecureuil=Ecureuil.
Leda’unikacisga= Lunikashinga.
Lee-Biches=Shivwits.
Leeca=Ceca.
Leech River=Pillager.
Lee-ha-taus=Ietan.
Lee Panis, Lee Pawnees=Lipan.
Leequeeltoch=Lekwiltok.
Left hand= Assiniboin.
Legionville=Shenango.
Legs=Three Legs Town.
Lehigh (Indians )=Gachwechnagechga.
Le’-hu wun-wu=Lehu.
Leja-ga-dat-cah= Lejagadatkah.
Lek’a’mEl= Nicomen.
‘Lekatchka= Hlekatchka.
‘Le katska= Hlekatska.
Lekulks=Sokulk. :
Lékwildatx", Lé’kwiltoq=Lekwiltok.
‘Leldin=Tlelding.
Lé’lewag ila= Lelewagyila.
Lé/Lgét, Le’/Lqéte=—Tletlket.
LEma/itEme= K]umaitumsh.
Lematica=Lilmalche.
Lemerlanans= Paouites.
Lemparack= Ditsakana.
Lenais, Lenalenape, Lenalinepies, Lenap, Lenape,
Lenapegi, Lenappe, Lenappys, Lenawpes=Dela-
ware.
Le-nay-wosh=Tenawa.
L!éne/di=Tlenedi.
Lenekees=Seneca.
Lenelenape, Lenelenoppes, Lenepee, Leni-Lenape,
Lenna-lenape, Lennape, Lennapewi, Lenni-lappe,
Lenni-Lendpe, Lenni-Lenndpe, Lenno Lenapees,
Lenno Lenapi, Lenno-Lennape, Lenopi, Lenoppea=
Delaware.
Lentis= Lentes.
Leonopi, Leonopy= Delaware.
Leon’s Creek= Lions Creek.
Lepan, Le Panis=Lipan.
Lepeguanes= Tepehuane.
Le Plays=Comanche.
Le’q’Em=Tlekem.
Les Caribou= Attikiriniouetch.
Les Chaudieres=Colville.
Les Coeurs d’Alénes=Skitswish.
Les Folles, Les Fols= Menominee.
Les gens des caruts= Watopapinah.
(les) Honctons, (les) Jantons= Yankton.
Les Mandals= Mandan.
Les Missouris= Missouri.
Lesnoi, Lesnova= Liesnoi.
Les Octata, Les Octotata=Oto.
Lespaia=Encinal.
Les pancaké= Kansa.
Les Pongs= Ponca.
Les Radiqueurs=Shoshoko.
Lesser Osage= Utsehta.
Les Souliers=Amahami.
Letaiyo winwu=Letaiyo.
Let-e-nugh-shonee=Iroquois.
Letniki-Takaiak=Takaiak.
Let-tegh-segh-ni-geghtee= Onondaga.
Leunis, Leutis=Lentes.
Lewis River Band= Klikitat.
%A/XAYIK—LITTLE TALISI
[B. A. BE.
Lewytos=Liwaito.
Leyza= Leyva.
Lezar=Illinois.
Egagi’-lda—Skidegate.
Ega/i=Hlgai.
Lga-iu’=Skidegate.
LgA/nxAn=Tlgunghung.
Zga’xet gitina’-i= Hlgahet-gitinai.
£ga’xet-gu-la/nas= Hlgahetgu-lanas.
Lgulaq=Tlegulak.
Lhtaten=Sekani.
Lia=Sia.
Liahtan Band=Ietan.
Lia/icaLxé= K tlaeshatlkik.
Liards Indians, Liard Slaves= Etcheridiegottine.
L'Iatan=Ietan. :
Lichaltchingko=Shilekuatl.
Lichtenau= Agdluitsok.
Lickawis= Yikkhaich.
Lidlepa=Lidlipa.
Zi’elAn=Hlielung.
Lienkwiltak, Liew-kwil-tah=Lekwiltok.
Liguaytoy=Liwaito.
Li-hit’= Ponea.
Li-icks-sun=Tateke.
‘Li-i-katchka= Hlekatchka.
Li-kwil-tah, Likwiltoh=Lekwiltok.
Lillibique=Lilibeque.
Lilowat= Lillooet.
LiluseEltstiy = Hliluseltshlikh.
Lilyuit= Lillooet.
him a’l na/as xa’da-i= Hlimulnaas-hadai.
Limonies= Laimon.
Linapis, Linapiwi= Delaware.
Liniouek= Illinois.
Linkinse=Sinkiuse.
Linkville Indians=Shuyakeksh.
Linnelinopies= Delaware.
Linneways= IIlinois.
Linni linapi, Linnilinopes, Linnope=Delaware.
Linpoilish=Sanpoil.
Linslow=Siuslaw.
Lintcanre=Thlingchadinne.
‘Lin-tchanpe= Lintchanre,
Linways= Illinois.
Lion= Hiyaraba,
Lion Eaters=Tanima.
Lipaines=Lipan.
Lipallanes= Lipillanes.
Lipane=Lipan.
Lipanes del Norte=Lipanes de Arriba.
| Lipanes del Sur=Lipanes de Abajo.
Lipanes Llaneros, Lipanis=Lipan.
Lipanjen-né=Lipajenne.
Lipanos, Lipau, Lipaw=Lipan.”
Lipiyanes=Lipillanes.
Lippans=Lipan.
LigLa/qEtin=7liktlaketin.
Lishu=Sesum.
Liisti’=Tlistee.
Littafatchee, Littafutchee,
futchi.
Little Alkonkins= Montagnais.
Little Beard’s Town= Deyonongdadagana.
Little Chehaus, Little Chidha—Chiahudshi.
Little Colpissas=Okakapassa.
Little Crow’s band=Kapozha.
Little Eufauly=Eufaula.
Little Falls band=Inyancheyakaatonwan.
Little Foolish Dogs= Hosukhaunukarerihu,
Little Girl Assiniboines=Itscheabine.
Little Hit-chetee= Hitchitudshi.
Little Lakes= Mitomkai Poma.
Little Mingoes= Huron.
Little Nation of the Algonquins=Weskarini.
Little Oakchoy, Little Oakjoys=Okchayudshi,
Little Ockfuske =Oakfuskudshi.
Little Osage, Little Ossage=Utsehta.
Little Prairie iIndians=Mascoutens.
Little Rapids=Inyancheyaka-atonwan.
Ljttle Robes=Inuksiks.
Little Sawokli=Sawokliudshi.
Little Shuswap, Little Shuswap Lake=Kuaut,
Little Six’s band=Taoapa.
Little Suswap Lake=Kuaut.
Little Swaglaw=Sawokliudshi.
sass Talisi, Little Tallassie, Little Tellassee=Ta-
asse.
Littefutchee= Litte-
—
BULL. 30] LITTLE
Little Tellico, Little Telliquo=Tellico.
Little Tioux=Tiou.
Little Town=Tanwanshinka.
Little Ufala= Eufaula.
Little Valley=Vallecillo.
Livangelva=Livangebra.
Liver Eater band, Liver-eaters=Tanima.
‘Liwa’hli=Huhliwahli.
Li-woch-o-nies=Tawakoni.
Lix'si’wet= K liksiwi. -
Li-yan-to=Siyante.
Lkatamix=Kedlamik.
Lkamtci’n=T]kamcheen.
Lkamtci/nEmux=Lytton band.
*ka-tco=Ilkatsho.
ku’men, Lku’/ngEn=Songish.
Llamparicas=Ditsakana.
Llaneros=Gohlkahin, Guhlkainde, Kwahari.
Llano= Huchiltchik.
Llano del Azotado—Tutuetac.
Llégeenos= Diegueno.
Lleni-lenapés= Delaware.
Lleta=Isleta.
Lliamna=Llymna.
Lligunos= Dieguefio.
Ll’ inkit=Tlingit.
Ll-mache, Ll-mal-che= Lilmalche.
Lo=Lu.
Loafers=Waglukhe.
Locklomnee= Mokelumne.
Locko=Chukalako.
Lockoportay= Lutchapoga.
Lock-qua-lillas=Walas Kwakiutl.
Lockstown= Logstown.
Lock-wearer=Tsishu Sindtsakdhe.
Lo-co=Tontos.
Locollomillos=Clear Lake Indians.
Lodge-in-the-rear= Kanze.
Lodges charged upon= Ahachik.
Lofka’s barrabora= Lofka.
Logan’s village= Wapakoneta.
Loggs Town=Logstown.
Loh-whilse=Quaitso.
Lokagine, Lékadine’=Loka.
Lokuashtkni= Warm Spring Indians.
Lo’kuili/la= Komkyutis.
Lokulk=Sokulk.
Loldla=Lolsel.
Loloncooks, Lo-lon’-kuk=Lolanko.
LoLowtig=Klukluuk.
Lomavigamute, Loma wigamute= Lomavik.
Lone Eaters=Nitawyiks.
Lone Fighters= Nitikskiks.
Lo-ne’-ka-she-ga= Lunikashinga.
Long Falls=Skoiyase.
Long Haired Indians=Crows.
Long House Town=Chukafalaya.
Long Island Indians= Metoac.
Long-isle= Eel River Indians.
Longs Cheveux= Nipissing.
Long Swamp= Anatichapko.
Long Swamp Indians= Big Swamp Indians.
Long Swamp Village=Ikatikunahita.
Long Tail Lodge Poles=Inuhksoyistamiks.
Long Tom=Chelamela.
Long-tongue-buff= Laptambif.
Long Town=Chukafalaya.
Long-wha= Tonkawa.
Lonsobe=Tomsobe.
Loo-chau po-gau=Lutchapoga.
Loochoos= Kutchin, Loucheux.
Loo-coo-rekah=Tukuarika.
Lookout Mountain= Lookout Mountain Town.
Lookta-ek= Alaganik.
Loolanko= Lolanko.
Loomnears=Tumna.
Loo nika-shing-ga= Lunikashinga.
Loonsolton= Honsading.
Loo’s= Mahican, Skidi.
Lopas=Tolowa.
Lopillamillos=Clear Lake Indians.
Lopotalimnes, Lopotatimnes, Lopstatimnes= Lopo-
tatimni.
Loquilt Indians= Lillooet.
Loqusquscit, Loqusqusitt= Loquasquscit.
Lorett, Loretta= Lorette.
Lorette=Sault au Recollet.
Loretto= Lorette.
Los Adeas=San Miguel de Linares.
TELLICO—LUIJTA
1083
Los Angeles= Pecos.
Los Coyotes=Pachawal.
Los Dolores= Dolores, Santa Maria de los Dolores
Los Leuceuros= Los Luceros.
Los Mecos=Comanche.
Lotchnoay, Lotchway towns= Alachua.
Lo’tlemaq=Lotlemakh.
Lototen=Tututni.
Lou=Skidi.
Louches=Tukkuthkutchin.
Loucheux=Kutchin, Nakatcho.
Loucheux-Batards= Nellagottine.
Louchioux= Kutchin, Loucheux.
Louchioux proper=Tukkuthkutehin.
Louchoux= Loucheux.
Loupelousas=Opelusa.
Loupes=Skidi.
Loupitousas=Opelusa,
Loup Pawnees=Skidi.
Loups= Mahican, Skidi.
Lowaniwi, Lowanuski= Lowako.
Lower Algonkins= Montagnais.
Lower Brulé, Lower Brusle=Kutawichasha.
Lower Coquille= Mulluk, Nasumi.
Lower Chehalis= Wenatchi.
Lower Creeks=Seminole.
Lower De Chutes= Wiam.
Lower Enfalla= Eufaula.
Lower Gens de fou=Hankutchin.
Lower Indians=Tatsakutchin.
Lower Kahltog, Lower Kaltag=Kaltag.
Lower Kootanais, Lower Kootanie, Lower Kootenay=
Lower Kutenai.
Lower Kvichpaks= Magemiut.
Lower Mohawk Castle=Caughnawaga, Teaton-
taloga.
Lower Oakfuske=Oakfuskee.
Lower Pend d’Oreille=Kalispel.
Lower Rogue River=Tututni.
Lower Sauratown=Cheraw.
Lower Shawnee Town=Lowertown.
Lower Sioux=Santee.
Lower Sissetons= Miakechakesa.
Lower Spokan, Lower Spokanes=Skaischiltnish.
Lower Ufale= Eufaula.
Lower Ump-kwa, Lower Umpqua=Kuitsh.
Lower Wahpeton, Lower Wakpatons=Inyancheya-
kaatonwan.
Lower Yakima=Skaddal.
Lower Yanctonais=Hunkpatina.
Lower Yanctons= Yankton.
Lower Yanktonai, Lower Yanktonnais=Hunkpa-
tina.
Low-him=Lohim.
Lowland Brulé=Kutawichasha.
Lowland Dogs=Thlingchadinne.
Lowlanders= Kaiyuhkhotana.
Lowlanders, Lowland people= Kutchakutchin.
Lowwshkis= Lowako.
L!pé/lEqe= Palux.
Zqe’/not la’nas= Kagials-kegawai.
qo’ayedi= Hlkoayedi.
Lrak= Irak.
Ltaoten=Tautin.
7 tat-’ tennne=Sekani.
ar Ltavten=Tautin.
thagild—Skidegate.
Lth’ait Lennas= Hlgahetgu-lanas.
Penn ree ante
thyellum Kiiwe= Hlielung-keawai.
Ltsxéals= Nisqualli.
Ltuiskoe=Lituya.
Lu=Lunikashinga.
Lucayasta= Lukaiasta.
Luchepoga= Lutchapoga.
| Lu’-chih=Ruche.
Luchi paga, Luchipoga, Luchipogatown=Lutcha-
poga.
Luck-a-mi-ute, Luckamuke, Luckamutes=Lakmiut.
Luckasos= Kosotshe.
Luckiamut, Luckiamute, Luckimiute, Luckimute=
Lakmiut.
| Luckkarso=Kosotshe.
Lucson= Tucson.
Lucuyumu=Lacayamu.
Lugh-se-le=Sanyakoan.
Lugua-mish=Suquamish.
Luianeglua=Livangebra.
Luijta=Lintja.
1084
Luiseyove=Quisiyove.
Lukahs=Succcaah.
Luk‘-a-ta-t=Klikitat.
Liukatimu’x=Ntlakyapamuk.
Lukawis, Lukawisse= Yikkhaich.
Lukemayuk=Lakmiut.
Lukfi= Lukfa.
Lukhselee=Sanyakoan.
Lukkarso= Kotsotshe.
Luknax’a/di=Tluknahadi.
Lukton=Luckton.
Lulak= Lulakiksa.
Lululongtuqui, Lululongturqui=Lululongturkwi.
Lumanos=Tawehash.
Lummas, Lumme, Lummie,
Lummi.
Luni=Zuii.
Lunikaci*ga= Lunikashinga.
Lu-pa-yu-ma, Lupilomis, Lu-pi-u-ma=Clear Lake
Indians.
Euqa’xadi= Hlukahadi.
L!u’q!oedi= Ylukoedi.
Luq!u/lEm=Cloquallum.
Lurcee=Sarsi.
Lusolas=Susolas.
Lusthhapa=Lushapa.
Lutchapoga=Tulsa.
Lute’-ja= Rukhcha.
Lutmawi, Lutnam= Modoc.
Lutnami, Lutuami=Lutuamian Family, Modoc.
Lutuanis, Lutumani, Luturim=Lutuamian Family.
Luuptic=Luupsch.
L!uxa/caiyik-an=Tluhashaiyikan.
L!xin As=Tlhingus.
Lxungen=Songish.
Lyach-sun=Tateke.
Lyacksum, Lyacksun=Tateke.
Lytton=Tlkamcheen.
Lummi-neuksack=
Maa/mtag‘ila=Maamtagyila.
Maanexit= Manexit.
Maaquas= Mohawk.
Maasets= Masset.
Maastoetsjkwe= Hopi.
Mabile= Mobile.
Ma-biic-sho-roch-pan-ga=Shoshoni.
Macachusetts= Massachuset.
Macadacut= Mecadacut.
Macaiyah=Nkya.
Macanabi= Mishongnovi.
Macanas=Tawakoni, Tonkawa.
Macanoota, Macanootna, Macanootoony’s, Macano-
tens= Mikonotunne.
Macaque, Macaqui, Macaquia= Matsaki.
Macarisqui= Macariz.
M’Carty’s village=Tushquegan.
Macau, Ma-caw= Makah.
Macayah=Nkya.
Maccaws= Makah.
Maccou= Maccoa.
Mac-en-noot-e-ways,
tin= Mikonotunne,
Macetuchets, Macetusetes= Massachuset.
McGillivray’s Town=Talasse.
Machaba= Machawa.
Machachac= Mequachake.
Machachlosung=Wyalusing.
Machaha= Machawa.
Machakandibi= Michacondibi.
Machalla= Machawa.
Machamadoset, Machamoodus= Machemoodus.
Machandibi, Machantiby= Michacondibi.
Machapungas= Machapunga.
Machaull= Venango.
Mac-ha-ves, Mac-ha-vis= Mohave.
Machayto= Macheto.
Machecous= Creeks.
Machégamea= Michigamea.
Machelusing= Wyalusing.
Machemeton= Mechemeton.
Macheyes= Mayeye.
Machias Tribe= Passamaquoddy.
Machicans= Mahican.
Machichac= Mequachake.
Machies tribe= Passamaquod dy.
Machigama, Machigamea= Michigamea.
Machilimachinack, Machillimakina= Michilimacki-
nac.
Mac-en-oot-en-ays, Mac-en-o-
LUISEYOVE—MAGTATE
[B. A. B.
Machilwihilusing, Machilwilusing= Wyalusing.
Machimucket= Massomuck.
Machingans= Mahican.
Machkentiwomi= Mechkentowoon.
Machkoutench, Machkoutenck, Machkouteng= Mas-
coutens.
Machmadouset= Machemoodus.
Machochlasung, Machochloschung= Wyalusing.
Machoeretini=Conestoga.
Machonce’s village, Machonee’s village=Macho-
nee.
Machopeake= Matchopick.
Machopo= Mochopa.
Machua= Machawa.
Ma-chuck-nas, Ma-chuc-na= Michopdo.
Machwihilusing= Wyalusing.
Macjave= Mohave.
Mackacheck= Mequachake.
Mackahs= Makah.
Mackalassy= Muklassa.
Mackanaw= Michilimackinac.
Mackanootenay’s Town, Mackanotin=Mikono-
tunne.
Mackasookos= Mikasuki.
Mackatowando= Manckatawangum.
Mackelimakanac= Michilimackinae.
Mack-en-oot-en-ay= Mikonotunne.
MacKenzie River Eskimo= Kopagmiut.
Mackenzie's River Louchioux= Nakotchokutchin.
Mackilemackinac, Mackinac, Mackinaw=Michi-
limackinae.
Mackéye, Mackiye=Creeks.
Mackwaes, Mackwasii, Mackwes= Mohawk.
McLeod’s Lake= Kezonlathut.
Mac-not-na= Mikonotunne.
Maco comaco, Macocanaco= Macocanico.
Macoiya= Mayaca.
Macomilé= Menominee.
Maconabi= Mishongnovi.
Macono= Nasoni.
Mac-o-no-tin= Mikonotunne.
Maconsaw=Seek’s Village.
Macoutins= Mascoutens.
Macoya= Mayaca.
Macqs, Macquaas, Macquaaus= Mohawk.
Macquaejeet=Bevthukan Family.
Macquas, Macquaus, Macques, Macquess= Mohawk
Macqui=Matsqui.
Macquis, Macquiss= Mohawk.
Mactcinge-ha wai"=Ute.
Mactotatas =Oto.
Macueques = Hopi.
Madaha= Anadarko.
Madan= Mandan.
Madaouaskairini—Matawachkarini.
Mad-a-wakan-toan, Madawakanton=Mdewakan-
ton.
Madawamkee= Mattawamkeag.
Madawgwys=Welsh Indians.
Maddy Band=Chemapho.
Madéqsi= Puisu.
Madnaguk=Lincoln.
Madnussky = Ahtena.
Madoc= Modoc.
Madocian Indians=Welsh Indians.
Madocteg = Medoctec.
Madogiaint, Madogians= Welsh Indians.
Madowesians= Dakota.
Mad river Indians= Batawat.
Maechibaeys= Mohawk.
Ma-étsi-daka = Mitcheroka.
Mag-a-bo-das= Putetemini.
Magagmjuten= Magemiut.
Magalibo= Maguhleloo.
Magamutes= Magemiut.
Magaugo=Maguaga.
Maga-yute-sni= Magayuteshni.
Magdalena, Magdalena de Buvuibava=Buquibaya.
Magdalena Tajicaringa=—Tajicaringa.
Magemutes=Magemiut.
Magenesito= Yagenechito.
Maghai= Mayeye.
Magimit, Magimiiten, Magmiut, Magmjuten, Mag-
mutes, Magmutis=Magemiut.
Mago= Mayo.
Magoncog= Magunkaquog.
Magmonkkomuk=Magunkaquog.
Magrias=Tano.
Magtate= Mactati.
BULL. 30]
Maguago, Maguagua= Maguaga.
Maguas=Tano.
Maguawgo= Maguaga.
Magueck= Mequachake.
Magui= Hopi.
Maguncog, Magunkahquog, Magunkakook, Magun-
koag, Magunkog= Magunkaquog.
Maha=Omaha.
Ma-ha/-bit-tuh= Petenegowats.
Mahackeno= Mahackemo.
Mahackloosing=Wyalusing.
Mahacks, Mahacqs= Mohawk.
Mahaer, Mahagi=Omaha.
Mahah=Skidi.
Mahaha=Amahami.
Mahahs=Omaha.
Mahakanders, Mahakans= Mahican.
Mahakas, Mahakes, Mahakinbaas, Mahakinbas,
Mahakobaas, Mahaks, Mahakuaas, Mahakuase,
Mahakuasse, Mahakwa= Mohawk.
Mahan=Comanche.
Mahan=Omaha.
Mahana=Comanche.
Mahane=Klikitat.
Mahaniahy= Wyoming.
Ma-ha os= Mohave.
Maharha=Omaha.
Maharhar= Amahami.
Maharim= Meherrin.
Mahars=Omaha.
Mahas Maha’s=Omaha, Skidi.
Mahatons= Manhattan.
Ma-hau—Mahow.
Mahaukes= Mohawk.
Mahawha= Amahami.
Mahaws=Omaha.
Mahckanders= Mahican.
Mah-een-gun=Myeengun.
Mahegan= Mahican.
Mahehoualaima= Mahewala.
Maheingans, Mahekanders= Mahican.
Maheouala, Maheoula= Mahewala.
Maherin, Maherine, Mahering, Maherrin, Maherring,
Maherron=Meherrin.
Maheyes= Mayeye.
Mahhekaneew, Mahicanders, Mahicanni, Mahic-
canni, Mahiccans, Mahiccon, Mahicon, Mahigan,
Mahiganathicoit, Mahiganaticois, Mahigane, Ma-
higgins, Ma-hik’, Mahiken, Mahikanders, Mahik- |
kanders, Mahillendras, Mahinganak, Mahingani-
ois, Mahingans, Mahingaus= Mahican.
Mahlemoot, Mahlemutes, Mahlemuts=Malemiut.
Mah-ma-lil-le-kulla, Mah-ma-lil-le-kullah, Mahma-
tilleculaats= Mamalelekala.
Mahna-Narra= Mandan.
Mahnesheet=Malecite.
Mahng= Mong.
Mahnomoneeg, Mahnomonie= Menominee.
Mahoc, Mahocks=Manahoac.
Mahogs= Mohawk.
Mahongwis=— Iroquois.
Mahonink, Mahony Town= Mahoning.
Mahoras—Tamaroa.
Mahpiyato= Arapaho.
Mahsihk’ku ta= Masikota.
Mah-tah-ton= Matantonwan.
Mah-tee-cept, Mahtilpi= Matilpe.
Mahtopanato= Watopachnato.
Mahtulth-pe= Matilpe.
Mahuames= Mariames.
Ma/“hwaw*= Mowhawa, Moqwaio.
Ma‘hwawisowag= Mowhawissouk.
Mahycander= Mahican.
Mahzahpatah= Mazapeta.
Mai-ai/-u=Muaya.
Maiama= Miami.
Maicanders= Mahican.
Maifeckij a. Maigeckijni—Maitheshkizh.
Maigo‘, Maigo‘gine— Maitho.
Mai-déc-kiz-ne—Jemez.
Mai-deh= Maidu.
Maidéski/z, M9idéski/-ni= Maitheshkizh.
Maidnorskie= Ahtena.
Maieces= Nayeye.
Maiera= Mayara.
Maieyes= Mayeye.
Maikans, Maikens= Mahican.
Ma/ingan= Mingan.
Senge, Ma‘ingan= Myeengun.
MAGUAGO—MALLEYES
1085
Maises= Manso.
Ma’-i-sin-as=Sans Arcs.
Maison Moctecuzoma, Maison Moctecuzuma, Maison
Moteczuma=Casa Grande.
Maisqui= Matsqui.
Maititfs= Metis.
Maif6‘, Maito’‘dine‘=
Maiydkma— Makoma.
Maize gens=Atchialgi.
Majabos= Mohave.
Majanani= Mishongnoyi.
Majave= Mohave.
Majoa= Mahoa,
Maj-su-ta-ki-as= Musalakun.
Majunkaquog= Magunkaquog.
Ma'‘kadawagami ‘tigweyawininiwag = Mekadewag-
amitigweyawininiwak.
Makadewana-ssidok=Siksika.
Makagamute, Makag’/mut= Makak.
Makah=Omaha.
Makahelousink= Wyalusing.
Makaitseek= Klamath.
Makamitek= Makomitek.
Ma'‘kandwawininiwag, Makandwewininiwag= Pil-
lagers.
Maya®= Makan.
Makans, Makas= Makah.
Ma-ka/-tce= Makache.
Makato, Makato’s Band= Mankato.
Makaw=Makah.
Makawto= Mankato.
Makehalousing= Wyalusing.
Makeymiut, Makeymut, Makeymute= Makak.
Makha= Makah.
Makicander, Makihander, Makimanes= Mahican.
Makinang= Michilimackinac.
Makingans= Mahican.
Mak-in-o-ten= Mikonotunne,
Makis= Hopi.
Mak-kah= Makah.
Makki= Makak.
Maklaks=Lutuamian Family.
Maklykout= Maklykaut.
Maknootennay, Mak-nu’ téne’=
Makonee= Machonee.
Maitho.
Mikonotunne.
| Makooshenskoi, Makooshin= Makushin.
Makostrake= Mequachake.
Ma-k6-ta= Dakota.
Ma’kotch= Makache, Mankoke.
Makoucoué= Makoukuwe.
Makoueone= Amikwa.
Makoueoue, Makoukoué, Makoukoueks=Amikwa,
Makoukuwe.
Makouten, Makoutensak—Mascoutens. °
Makquas= Mohawk.
Makskouteng= Mascoutens.
Makunkokoag= Magunkaquog.
Makuschinskoje, Makushinsk, Makushinskoe, Ma-
kuski= Makushin.
Makwaes= Mohawk.
Ma-kwis’-so-jik= Makwisuchigi.
Ma/’-k’ya-na, Ma-kya-ta= Matyata.
Malaca, Malaccas= Malaka.
Malacite= Malecite.
Mal-a-hut= Malakut.
Ma-lak’-ka= Malaka.
Ma/lakyilatl—Spukpukolemk.
Malala= Molala.
Malamechs, Malamet, Malanas=Marameg.
Malatautes=Oto.
Malchatna= Mulchatna.
Malecetes, Maléchites= Malecite.
Malegmjuti, Maleigmjuten, Maleimioute= Malemiut.
Maleléqala= Mamalelekam.,
Malemukes, Malemut, Malemutes= Malemiut.
Maleqatl— Malakut.
Malesit= Malecite.
Mal-hok-ce= Malhokshe.
Malhoming, Malhominis, Malhomins, Malhominy,
Malhommes, Malhommis= Menominee.
Malicans= Maliacones.
Malicetes, Malicites=Malecite.
Maliconas, Malicones= Maliacones.
Maliegmut, Malimiut, Malimuten, Malimyuit=Ma-
lemiut.
Malinovskie lietnik=Nuniliak.
Malisit= Malecite.
Mallawamkeag= Penobscot.
Malleyes=Mayeye.
1086
Mallica= Malica.
Malmiut=Malemiut.
Malomenis, Malomimis, Malomines, Malominese,
Malominis, Malouin, Malouminek, Maloumines=
Menominee.
Malowwacks=Metoac.
Malpais= Milpais.
Maltnabah= Multnomah.
Mal-tsho’-qa-mut=Maltshokamut.
Malukander= Mahican.
Maluksilag=Maluksilak.
Malzura=San Mateo Malzura.
Mama=Omaha.
Mamakans Apeches= Mescaleros.
Mamakata’wana-sita’-ak—Siksika.
Mamaleilakitish, Mamaleilakulla=Mamalelekala.
Mamaléeléqala=Mamalelekala, Mamalelekam.
Mama-lil-a-cula, Ma-ma-lil-li-kulla= Mamalelekala.
Mambe, Mambo=Nambe.
Mameag, Mameeag= Nameaug.
Ma’-me-li-li-a-ka= Mamalelekala.
Mamelute= Malemiut.
Mamenoche= Wiminuche.
Mam-il-i-li-a-ka= Mamalelekala.
M’amiwis= Miami.
Mamnit=Namoit.
Ma-mo a®-ya-di, Ma-mo ha®-ya, Ma-mo ha-ya"-di=
Alibamu.
Mamskey=Matsqui.
Manacans= Monacan.
Manaché= Mono.
Managog, Manahoacks, Manahoacs,
Manahocks, Manahokes= Manahoac.
Manakin= Monacan.
Manamet, Manamete= Manomet.
Manamoiak, Manamoick, Manamoyck, Manamoyet=
Manamoyik.
Mananexit= Manexit.
Mananiet= Manomet.
Manatee= Minatti.
Manathanes, Manathe, Manathens= Manhattan.
Mancantequuts=Maquantequat.
Manchage, Manchauge= Manchaug.
Manchokatous=Mdewakanton.
Ma¢inka-gaxe= Mandhinkagaghe.
Ma»cka e/nikaci’ya= Manshkaenikashika.
Mandals, Mandams, Mandane, Mandanes, Mandani,
Mandanne, Mandaus= Mandan.
Mandawakantons, Mandawakanton Sioux=Mdewa-
kanton.
Mandens= Mandan.
Mandeouacantons= Mdewakanton.
Mandes= Manta.
Mandians, Mandin= Mandan.
Mandoages=Nottoway.
Mandon= Mandan.
Mandongs= Nottoway.
Mand:= Mandan.
Man Eaters=Attacapa, Tonkawa.
Maneetsuk= Manitsuk.
Manelopec=Watopapinah.
Manessings= Minisink.
Ma-ne-to-pa, Ma-ne-to-par= Watopapinah.
Manetores= Hidatsa.
Maneus= Malecite.
Mang= Mong.
Mangakekias, Mangakekis,
KonkKia= Mengakonkia.
Mangeurs de Cariboux=Etheneldeli.
Mangoacks, Mangoags, Mangoako, Mangoangs=Not-
toway.
Mangus Colorado’s band= Mimbrenios.
Manhanset tribe, Manhassett= Manhasset.
Manhates, Manhatesen, Manhattae, Manhattanese,
Manhattes, Manhattons= Manhattan.
Manheken, Manhigan-euck= Mohegan.
Manhikani, Manhikans, Manhingans= Mahican.
Manhpiyato= Arapaho.
Ma»/quy¢i"/tax’wa"= Manhukdhintanwan.
Man-hum-squeeg= Wabaquasset.
Maniataris= Hidatsa.
Manikans= Mahican.
Manikwagan= Manicouagan.
Manilla= Mobile.
Manissing = Minisink.
Manitaries= Hidatsa.
Mank= Mong.
Makato’s band= Mankato.
Manahoaks,
Mangakokis, Manga-
MALLICA—MAQUIS
[B. A. Ev
Manki=Makak.
Mankikani= Mahican.
Mannacans= Monacan.
Mannahannocks, Mannahoacks, Mannahoags, Man-
nahoaks, Mannahocks, Mannahokes= Manahoae.
Mannamett, Mannamit=Manomet.
Mannamoyk= Manamoyik.
Ma nahindje=Tadzhezhinga.
Mannatures= Hidatsa.
Manna-woustt=Manosaht.
Mannissing= Manisink.
Man-oh-ah-sahta= Manosaht.
Manomanee, Manomines, Manominik= Menominee.
Manominikaciyag= Munominikasheenhug.
Manook City= Maynook.
Ma/noosath, Manosit= Manosaht.
Manostamenton= Menostamenton,
Manrhoat, Manrhout= Kiowa.
Mansa= Manso.
Ma*satha=Upankhchi.
Mansano= Manzano.
Manses= Manso.
Manskin= Monacan. ,
Mansoleas, Mansopela, Mansopelea= Mosopelea.
Mansos= Apaches Mansos.
Ma*’ya= Modoc.
Mantaas= Manta.
Mantachusets= Massachuset.
Mantacut= Montauk.
Mantaes, Mantaesy= Manta.
Mantanes= Mandan.
Mantantans, Mantantons, Mantanton Scioux, Man-
tantous= Matantonwan.
| Mantaoke= Montauk.
Mantaquak= Nanticoke.
Mantauket= Montauk.
Mantautous= Matantonwan.
Mantaws= Manta.
Matéra/»=Cherokee.
Mantes, Manteses= Manta.
Mantinacocks, Mantinecocks, Mantinicocks= Mati-
necoc.
Manton= Mandan, Mento.
Mantopanatos=Assiniboin.
Mantos= Manta.
Mantoue, Mantouecks, Mantouek, Mantoueouec=
Mundua.
Mantoweeze= Mantowese.
Mantuas= Munsee.
Ma"tu enikaci/ya= Mantuenikashika.
Mantukes, Mantukett= Nantucket.
Ma»’-yu-we= Mento.
Manumit=Manomet.
Manuncatuck=Menunkatue.
Man-wa-ta-niyn= Mandan.
Manxo= Manso.
Ma-nyi’-ka-q¢i’= Manyikakhthi.
Ma*yinka-gaxe= Manyinka.
Mayinka jinga= Manyinkazhinga.
Ma*yinka tanga— Manyinkatanga.
Many Medicines=Motahtosiks.
Manzana= Manzano, Mishongnoyi.
Manzos= Pueblos.
Maouila= Mobile.
Mapeya=Sandia.
Mapicopas= Maricopa.
Maq=Marhoo.
Maqaise, Magas= Mohawk.
Maqe-nikaci’ya= Makhenikashika.
Maqpi/ato= Arapaho.
Maquaas= Mohawk.
Maquache Utes=Moache.
Maquaes, Maquaese= Mohawk.
Maquahache= Moache.
Maquais, Maquaise= Mohawk.
Maquamticough= Maquantequat.
Maquarqua= Mayaca.
Maquas, Maquasas, Maquase, Maquash, Maquass,
Maquasse= Mohawk.
Maqude=Iowa.
Maquees= Mohawk.
Maquelnoteer, Maquelnoten= Mikonotunne.
Maques, Maquese, Maquess, Maquesyes, Maquez=
Mohawk.
Maqui= Hopi.
Maquichees=Mequachake.
Maquin= Maquinanoa.
Maquis, Maquoas= Mohawk.
BULL. 50]
Maquoche Utahs=Moache.
Maquois= Mohawk.
Maquot= Pequot.
Mara= Twenty-nine Palms.
Marachite=Malecite.
Maracopa= Maricopa.
Maramoick= Manamoyik.
Mar-an-sho-bish-kb= Dakota.
Marashites= Malecite.
Marata= Matyata.
Marayam=Serranos.
Marcpeeah Mahzah, Marcpeeah Mazah= Makhpiya-
maza.
Marc pee wee Chastah= Makhpiyawichashta,
Marechhawieck= Marychkenwikingh.
Marechites= Malecite.
ee wieck, Marechkawink= Marychkenwik-
ingh.
-Marecopas= Maricopa.
Mareschites= Malecite.
Mar’hoo= Nemah.
Marianes, Marians, Mariarves= Mariames.
Marimiskeet= Mattamuskeet.
Maringayam, Maringints=Serranos,
Marisizis= Malecite.
Maritises= Manta.
Marlain, Marlin=Staitan.
Mar-ma-li-la-cal-la = Mamalelekala.
Maroa, Marohans=Tamaroa.
Marospinc, Marossepinck= Massapequa.
Marota=Tamaroa.
Maroumine= Menominee.
Ma-rpi-ya-ma-za= Makhpiyamaza.
Marraganeet= Narraganset.
Marrarachic=Nararachic.
Marricoke= Merric.
Marsapeag, Marsapeague, Marsapege, Marsape-
quas, Marsepain, Marsepeack, Marsepeagues,
Marsepeake, Marsepeqau, Marsepin, Marsepinck,
Marsepingh, Marsepyn, Marsey= Massapequa.
Marshpaug, Marshpee= Mashpee.
Marsh Village Dakotas, Marsh Villagers—Sisseton.
Marta= Matyata.
Mar-til-par=Matilpe.
Martinez=Sokut Menyil.
Martinne houck= Matinecoc.
Mary River, Mary’s River, Marysville=Chepenafa.
Masagnebe, Masagneve= Mishongnovi.
Mesaguia, Masaki= Matsaki.
Masalla Magoons= Musalakun.
Masammaskete= Mattamuskeet.
Masanais= Mishongnovi.
Masapequa= Massapequa.
Masaqueve= Mishongnovi.
Masaquia= Matsaki.
Masarquam= Mayaca.
Masathulets= Massachuset.
Masauwuu= Masi.
Masawomekes= Iroquois.
Mascaleros= Mescaleros.
Mascarasi= Macariz.
Mascautins= Mascoutens.
Maschal= Mashcal.
Mascoaties, Mascontans, Mascontenec, Mascontens,
Mascontins, Mascontires, Mascordins, Mascotens,
Mascotins, Mascouetechs= Mascoutens.
Mascouteins Nadouessi=Teton.
Mascoutens=Saint Francis Xavier.
Mascoutins, Mascoutons=Mascoutens.
Masep’= Kadohadacho.
Masepeage= Massapequa.
Ma-se-sau-gee= Missisauga.
Masetusets= Massachuset.
Mashamoquet, Mashamugget, Mashamugket=Mas-
somuck.
Mashantucket=Maushantuxet.
Mashapauge, Mashapawog= Maushapogue.
Mashapeag, Masha-Peage= Massapequa.
Mashikh=Mashik.
Mashkegonhyrinis, Mashkegons, Mashkégous= Mas-
kegon.
Mashkoutens=Mascoutens.
Ma-shong’-ni-vi, Mashéniniptuovi= Mishongnovi.
Mashpah= Mashpee.
Mashpeage= Massapequa.
Mashpege, Mashpey= Mashpee.
Mashquaro= Musquarro.
Mashukhara=Shasta.
Masiassuck= Missiassik.
MAQUOCHE UTAHS—MATAWANG
1087
Masichewsetts= Massachuset.
Ma sih kuh ta=Masikota.
Masi winwiu, Ma-si’ wun-wi=Masi.
Mas-ka-gau= Maskegon.
Maskasinik= Mascoutens,
Maskego, Maskegonchirinis, Maskégous, Maskégo-
wuk, Maskigoes, Maskigonehirinis=Maskegon.
Mas-ko-ki=Creeks, Muskhogean Family,
Masko’ki Hatchapala= Upper Creeks.
Mask6ki Hatch’-4ta= Lower Creeks.
Maskokilki=Creeks.
Maskouaro=M usquarro.
Maskoutechs, Maskoutecks, Maskouteins, Maskou-
tenek, Mask8tens, Maskoutens= Mascoutens.
Maskoutens-Nadouessians=Teton.
Maskoutins, Maskuticks=Mascoutens.
Masonah Band= Nasumi.
Masphis= Mashpee.
Masquachki=Creeks.
Masquarro= Musquarro.
Masquikoukiaks, Masquikoukioeks= Maskegon.
Massachewset, Massachisans, Massachuselts, Mas-
sachuseuks, Massachusiack, Massachussets, Mas-
sachusuks, Massadzosek, Massajosets=Massa-
chuset.
Massakiga= Arosaguntacook.
Massamugget=Massomuck.
Mas-sang-na-vay= Mishongnovi.
Massapeags= Massapequa.
Massapee= Mashpee.
Massapegs= Massapequa.
Massasagues, Massasaugas= Missisauga.
Massasinaway= Mississinewa.
Massasoiga= Missisauga.
Massasoits, Massasowat, Massasoyts= Wampanoag.
Massassuk = Missiassik. :
oo Massatuchets, Massatusitts=Massa-
chuset.
| Massauwu= Masi.
| Massawamacs, Massawomacs, Massawomecks, Mas-
sawomees, Massawomekes, Massawonacks, Mas-
sawonaes = Iroquois. ;
Massawteck= Massawoteck.
Massechuset= Massachuset.
Masseets= Masset.
Masselans= Mosilian.
Massepeake= Massapequa.
Massesagues= Missisauga.
Massetta, Massettes= Masset.
Massetusets= Massachuset.
Mass hade= Masset.
Massicapanoes= Monasiccapano.
Massillimacinac= Michilimackinac,
Massinacack= Massinacac.
Massinagues= Missisauga.
Massinnacacks= Massinacac.
Massorites, Massorittes, Massourites= Missouri.
Massowomeks= Iroquois.
Masstachusit= Massachuset.
Mas-tcal= Masheal.
Mas-tute’-kwe = Hopi.
Ma-su-ta-kaya, Ma-su-ta-kéa= Masut Pomo.
Matabantowaher= Matantonwan.
Matabesec, Matabezeke= Mattabesec.
| Matachuses, Matachusets= Massachuset.
Matages= Kiowa Apache.
Matahuay, Matajuiai= Mataguay.
Matakees, Matakeeset, Matakeesit— Mattakeset.
Mataki’la= Maamtagyila.
Matalans= Mitline.
Matale de Mano=Saboba.
Matamaskite= Mattamuskeet.
Matampken= Matomkin.
Matamuskeet= Mattamuskeet.
Mataouachkariniens, Mataouakirinotiek, Mataouch-
kairini, Mataouchkairinik, Mataouchkairiniouek,
Mataouchkairiniwek, Mataouchkarini= Mata-
wachkarini.
Mataouiriou, Mataovan= Mattawan.
Matapa= Matape.
Matapaman=Mattapanient.
Matapoisett= Mattapoiset.
| Matassins= Mistassin.
Matathusetts= Massachuset.
Matauwakes= Metoac.
Matavéke-Paya= Walapai. :
Matawachkairini, Matawachwarini= Matawachka-
Trini.
Matawang, Matawin Indians= Mattawan.
1088
Matchagamia= Michigamea.
Matchapangos, Matchapongos,
Matchapunko= Machapunga.
Match-clats=Muchalat.
Matchedach= Matchedash.
Matchemnes= Machemni.
Matche Moodus=Machemoodus.
Mat-che-naw-to-waig= Iroquois.
Matchepungo= Machapunga.
Matchi Moodus=Machemoodus.
Matchinadoaek=Iroquois.
Matchitashk= Matchedash.
Match-itl-aht= Muchalat.
Matchit Moodus=Machemoodus.
Matchoatickes= Matchotic.
Matchopeak= Matchopick.
Matchopongo= Machapunga.
Matchot= Matchut.
Matebeseck= Mattabesec.
Matechitache= Matchedash,
Matelpa, Matelthpahs= Matilpe.
Mat-hat-e-vatch=Chemehuevi.
Mathatusets, Mathatusitts, Mathesusetes=Massa-
chuset.
Mathiaqua= Mathiaca.
Mathkoutench= Mascoutens.
Mathlanobes, Mathlanobs= Multnomah.
Mathomenis, Mathominis= Menominee.
Maticones= Maliacones.
M4-ti-la-ha= Matillija.
Matilden= Medilding.
Ma-tilh-pi= Matilpe.
Matiliha—Matillija.
Ma’tilpis= Matilpe.
Matilton=Medilding.
Matinecocke, Matinecogh, Matinecongh, Matinicock,
Matiniconck, Matinnekonck, Matinnicock= Mati-
necoe.
Mat-jus=Chemehuevi.
Matmork la Puerta= Matamo.
Matninicongh= Matinecoc.
Matokatagi=Oto.
Matole= Mattole.
Mato-mihte, Ma-to’-no-make= Matonumanke.
Matontenta= Oto.
Mato-Numangkake,
manke.
Matoolonha, Matootonha, Ma-too-ton’-ka=Metuta-
hanke.
Matopelo’tni=Three Rivers.
Matora= Mento.
Matotantes=Oto.
Matotiswaning =Otusson.
Matoua= Mento.
Matou-ouescarini= Matawachkarini.
Matoutenta=Oto.
Matowacks= Metoac.
Matowepesack= Mattabesec.
Matox= Matchotic.
Matpanient= Mattapanient.
Matsigamea= Michigamea.
Matsi/shkota= Masikota.
Mats-nik’¢’/= Matsnikth.
Matsuki= Matsaki.
Mattabeeset, Mattabeseck, Mattabesett, Mattabe-
sicke= Mattabesec.
Matchapungos,
Ma-to’ nu-man’-ke= Matonu-
Mattacheese, Mattacheeset, Mattacheest, Matta-
chiest, Mattachist= Mattakeset.
Mattachucetts, Mattachusetts, Mattachussetts,
Mattacusets= Massachuset.
Mattakeese, Mattakeeset, Mattakesit= Mattakeset.
Mattanawcook= Mattinacook.
Mattapament= Mattapanient, Mattapony.
Mattapanians= Mattapanient.
Mattapanient=Mattapony.
Mattapany= Mattapanient.
Mattapeaset= Mattabesec.
Mattapomens, Mattapoments, Mattaponies= Matta-
pony.
Mattapuist, Mattapuyst= Mattapoiset.
Mattasoons= Amahami.
Mattassins= Mistassin.
Mattathusetts= Massachuset.
Mattatuck= Mattituck.
Mattatusetts= Massachuset.
Mattaugwessawacks= Dakota.
Mattawankeag= Mattawamkeag.
Mattebeseck— Mattabesec.
Mattecumska, Mattemusket= Mattamuskeet.
Mattetuck= Mattituck
MATCHAGAMIA——-MEAT-WHO
[B..A. B.
Matthiaqua= Mathiaca.
Mattikongy=Naraticon.
Mattinacock, Mattinnekonck=Matinecoc.
Mattoal= Mattole.
Mattouwacky, Mattowax= Metoac.
Mattpament= Mattapanient.
Mattschotick= Matchotic.
Matu-és’-wi skitchi-ni-ik= Micmac.
Mat-ul-pai= Matilpe.
Matuwacks= Metoac.
Matza-ki, Matzaqui= Matsaki. ;
Maubela, Maubila, Maubile, Maubileans, Maubil-
ians= Mobile.
Mauchage, Mauchaug= Manchaug.
Maudaus= Mandan.
Maudowessies= Dakota.
Maugaugon= Maguaga.
Maughwawame= Wyoming.
Mauguawogs, Mauhaukes, Mauhauks, Maukquog-
ges= Mohawk.
Maumée, Maumes, Maumies= Miami.
Mau-os-aht= Manosaht.
Mauquaoy, Mauquas, Mauquauog, Mauquauogs,
Mauquaw, Mauquawogs, Mauquawos, Mauques=
Mohawk.
Mauraigans, Mauraygans= Mahican.
Mausalea= Mosopelea.
Mausand= Mishongnovi.
Mauscoutens= Mascoutens.
Mauton= Mento.
Mauvais Monde des Pieds-Noirs=Sarsi.
Mauvila, Mauvilians, Mauviliens= Mobile.
Mavaton= Maraton.
Mavila, Mavilians, Mavilla= Mobile.
Mawada¢in= Mandan.
Ma-wahota, Ma-waqota= Mawakhota.
Mawatadan, Mawatani, Mawatayna= Mandan.
Mawchiggin= Mohegan.
Maw-dan= Mandan.
Mawhakes, Mawhauogs, Mawhawkes= Mohawk.
Mawhaws=Omaha.
Mawhickon, Mawhiggins= Mohegan.
Mawkey= Hopi.
Mawmee= Miami.
Mawques= Mohawk.
Mawtawbauntowahs= Mdewakanton.
Mawyk=Natick.
Max=Nemah.
Maxa-bomdu= Putetemini.
Maxa-yute-cni= Magayuteshni.
Maxe=Kdhun.
Maxul=Masbeal.
Maya= Mayo.
Mayacmas=Makoma.
Mayaco= Mayaca.
Mayacomas= Makoma.
Mayaguaci= Mayajuaca.
Mayaintalap—Serranos.
Mayanexit= Manexit.
Mayarca, Mayarqua= Mayaca.
Maydishkishdi= Mayndeshkish.
Mayeces, Mayees= Mayeye.
Mayekanders= Mahican.
Mayes= Mayeye.
Mayganathicoise= Mahican.
Mayimeuten=Magemiut.
Maykanders= Mahican.
Mayoahe= Kiowa.
Mayon=Wayon.
Mayrra= Mayara.
Mazahuas=Omaha.
Mazames= Mazapes.
Mazaquia= Matsaki.
Ma-za-ro-ta= Magayuteshni.
Maz-pegananka— Mazpegnaka.
Mazquia, Mazuqui=Matsaki.
M’cheudmi, M’cheuwami, M’chwauwaumi=Wyo-
ming.
WM’ chwihillusink= Wyalusing.
Mdawakontons, Mdawakontonwans, M’day-wah-
kaun-twan Dakotas, M’day-wah-kauntwaun Sioux,
M’daywawkawntwawns, Mdeiyedan, Mde-wa-
han-ton-wan, M’dewakanton, M’dewakantonwan,
WW’ de-wakan-towwans, M’de-wakant’wan, Md-Wa-
kans, Mdwakantonwans= Mdewakanton.
Meadow Indians= Mascoutens.
Me-a-me-ai-ga, Meames, Meamis= Miami.
Meandans= Mandan.
Meantacut, Meantaukett, Meanticut= Montauk.
Meat-who= Methow. *
BULL. 30]
Mecaddacut= Mecadacut.
Mec-a-no-to-ny= Mikonotunne.
Mecaiwa=Pesawa.
Mechayomy= Wyoming.
Mech-cha-ooh=Tooksetuk.
Mechecaukis= Foxes.
Mecheckesiouw= Meggeckessou.
Mechecouakis= Foxes.
Mechemiton= Mechemeton.
Mechias= Machias.
Mechimacks= Micmac.
Mechkentiwoom= Mechkentowoon.
Mechuouakis= Foxes.
Mecita= Hasatch.
Mécontins= Mascoutens.
Mecosukee= Mikasuki.
Mecoutins= Mascoutens.
Méc’-tcé= Meshtshe.
Mecuppom= Wecuppom.
Me-dama-rec= Bidamarek.
Medaquakantoan, Medawah-Kanton, Med-a-wakan-
toan, Medawakantons, Medawakanton Sioux,
Medawakantwan, Medawaykantoans, Me-da-we-
con-tong, Med-ay-wah-kawn-t/waron, Medaywa-
kanstoan, Med-ay-wa-kan-toan, Medaywokant’-
wans= Mdewakanton. .
Medchipouria= Mosopelea.
Me-de-wah-kan-toan, Medewakantoans, Medewakan-
tons, Mede-wakan-t’wans= Mdewakanton.
Medicine= Hanga.
Medildin= Medilding.
Mediwanktons= Mdewakanton.
Mednoftsi= Ahtena.
Medocktack, Medocteck, Medoctek, Médocthek, Me-
doktek, Medostec= Medoctec.
Medsigamea= Michigamea.
Medwakantonwan= Mdewakanton.
Meehayomy= Wyoming.
Me-em-ma—Chimariko.
Meendua= Mundua.
Mee-ne-cow-e-gee= Miniconjou.
Meesee Contee= Amaseconti.
Meeseequaguilch= Miseekwigweelis.
Mee-shom-e-neer= Mishongnovi.
Meesucontu= Amaseconti.
Meethco-thinyoowuc= Kainah.
Meewa, Meewie= Miwok.
Meewoe= Miwok, Moquelumnan Family,
Megancockia= Mengakonkia.
Megesiwisow*= Mikissioua.
Mégezi= Mgezewa.
Meggeckesjouw= Meggeckessou.
Meghay, Meghey, Meghty= Mayeye.
Me-giz-ze, Me-gizzee—Omegeeze.
Meguak, Megual, Megue= Mohawk.
Megum, Megumaawach= Micmac.
Megwe= Mohawk.
Meherine, Meherins, Meheron, Meherries, Meher-
ring, Meherron= Meherrin.
Mehethawas=Cree.
Mehihammers= Mahican.
Mé’h-teh= Meta.
Meidoo= Maidu.
Meihites= Mayeye.
Meipoutsky= Meipontsky.
Me-jé-ra-ja= Michirache, Tunanpin.
Me-ka’/= Mikaunikashinga.
Me-ka-né-ten= Mikonotunne.
Mekasousky= Mikasuki.
Me’-ki-tetin’-tin= Mekichuntun.
Melattaw=Amalahta.
Melecites= Malecite.
Melhominys= Menominee.
Melicite= Malecite.
Méli’-lema= Tenino.
Melisceet= Malecite.
Meliwarik= Milwaukee.
Mellataw=Amalahta.
Melleki, Melleoki, Melloki— Milwaukee.
Melomelinoia, Melominees= Menominee.
Mel’/oopa=Nawiti.
Melotaukes= Montauk.
Melwarck, Melwarik=— Milwaukee.
Memacanjo=Miniconjou.
Membrenos=Mimbrefios.
Memesoon=Comanche.
Memilounioue= Miami.
Meminimisset= Menemesseg.
Memis= Miami.
3456—Bull. 30, pt 2—07——69
MECADDACUT——MESHA WI8UTCIG!
1089
Mém-koom-lish=Meomkumlis.
Me’/mogg'ins= Memoggyins.
Memonomier= Menominee.
Menaches= Moache.
Menamenies= Menominee.
Menataukett= Montauk.
Menatopa= Watopapinah.
Me-nau-zhe-tau-naung, Me-nau-zhe-taw-naun—Me-
nawzhetaunaung.
Mencamis- Miami.
Mencherink=Meherrin.
Menchokatouches, Menchokatoux—Mdewakanton.
Menchén=Huron.
Mencouacantons, Mendawahkanton, Men-da-wa-kan-
ton, Mendeouacanton, Mendeouacantous=Mdewa-
kanton.
Menderink= Meherrin.
Mendewacantongs, Mende Wahkantoan, Mende-Wa-
kan-Toann=Mdewakanton.
Mendoerink= Meherrin. :
Mendoucaton, Menduwakanton=Mdewakanton.
Mendwrink—Meherrin.
Menekut’thégi— Mequachake.
Me-ne-sharne = Minisala.
Menesinks, Menessinghs= Minisink.
Menetare, Menetarres— Hidatsa.
Mengua, Mengues, Menguy, Mengwe, Mengwee,
Mengwi= Iroquois.
Menherring, Menheyricks=Meherrin.
Men-i-cou-zha = Miniconjou.
Meniolagamika = Meniolagomeka.
Menisink, Menissinck, Menissing,
Menissins= Minisink.
Menisupérik=Minesetperi.
Mennisink, Mennissincks= Minisink.
Mennominies= Menominee.
Menoequet= Menoquet.
Men of the Woods=Nopeming.
Menoga= Menoquet.
Menomenes, Me-né-me-ne-uk, Menomenies, Menom-
inie, Menominny, Menomoee, Menomonees, Me-
nomonei, Menomones, Menomonies, Menomonys,
Menonomees, Menonomies= Menominee.
Menowa Kautong, Menowa Kontong=Mdewakan-
ton.
Menquagon= Maguaga.
Mentakett= Montauk.
Mententons= Matantonwan.
Mentoake= Montauk.
Mentons= Mento.
Mentonton=Matantonwan.
Mentous= Mento.
Menumesse = Menemesseg.
Menuncatuk, Menunkatuck, Menunketuck, Menun
ketucke, Menunquatucke=Menunkatue. ,»
Meontaskett, Meontawket= Montauk.
Meosigamia= Michigamea.
Mequa= Mohawk.
Meracock= Merric.
Meraquaman= Meracouman.
Mercedes= Merced.
Mer-com= Mershom.
Merechkawick, Merechkawikingh= Marychkenwi-
kingh.
Merhuan=Menequen.
Mericock, Mericoke, Merikoke= Merric.
Merimichi= Miramichi.
Merocomecook= Rocameca.
Meroke= Merric.
Meronocomoco= Werowacomoco.
Merrakwick= Marychkenwikingh.
Merriack, Merricocke= Merric.
Merrimacks= Pennacook.
Merrimichi= Miramichi. :
Mersapeage, Mersapege= Massapequa.
Mertowacks= Metoac.
Mé/-rxét-ke= Meetkeni.
Mesa de Galisteo=Heshota Ayathltona.
Mesa Encantada= Katzimo.
Mesa of Galisteo=Heshota Ayathltona.
Mesasagah= Missisauga.
Mescale= Mescales.
Mescaleres, Mescalers, Mescallaros, Mescaloro Apa-
ches, Mescalos, Mescaluros= Mescaleros.
Mescate= Mescales.
Mescateras, Mescolero= Mescaleros.
Meshagak=Nushagak.
Méshawi8utcigi= Mashawauk,
Menissinges,
1090
Meshawn= Meeshawn.
Mesh e ne mah ke noong= Michilimackinac.
Meshik= Mashik.
Me-shing-go-me-sia, Me-shin-gi-me-yia= Meshirgo-
mesia. .
Meshipeshi= Msepase.
Meshkalé kué= Mescaleros.
Meshkwa'‘kihagi= Foxes.
Meshones= Methow.
Me-shong-a-na-we, Meshongnavi, Me-shung-a-na-we,
Me-shung-ne-vi= Mishongnovi.
Mesigameas= Michigamea.
Mesilimakinac= Michilimackinac.
Mesita, Mesita Negra= Hasatch.
Meskeman= Meshkemau.
Meskigouk= Maskegon.
Meskwa ki‘agi= Foxes.
Mespacht, mempent Mespaetches, Mespat, Mespath,
Pope ill, Mespat Kil, Mespats-kil= Mas-
peth.
Mesquabuck= Mesquawbuck.
Mesquit= Mesquite.
Mesquita, Mesquittes= Mesquites.
Messachusetts, Messachusiack= Massachuset.
Messagnes, Messagues, Messasagas, Messasagies,
Messasagoes, Messasagues, Messasaugues, Messas-
sagas, Messassagnes, Messassagues= Missisauga.
Messathusett= Massachuset.
Messawomes= Iroquois.
Messcothins= Mascoutens.
Messenacks= Foxes.
Messen-Apaches= Navaho.
Messenecqz= Foxes.
Messesagas, Messesagnes, Messesago, Messesagues,
Messessagues, Messessaques= Missisauga.
Messiasics= Missiassik.
Messinagues, Messisagas, Messisages, Messisagues,
Messisaugas, Messisaugers, Messissagas, Messis-
sauga= Missisauga.
Messorites, Messourites= Missouri.
Messthusett= Massachuset.
Mestecke= Mystic.
Més-té¢l-tin= Mestethltun.
Mestick= Mystic.
Mestigos, Mestizo= Metis.
Metabetshuan= Metabetchouan.
Metackwem= Metocaum.,
Metacumbe=Guarungunve.
Metaharta= Hidatsa.
Metapa= Matape.
Metapawnien= Mattapanient.
Metchagamis, Metchigamea, Metchis= Michigamea.
Met-cow-we, Metcowwee= Methow.
Metea’s Village=Muskwawasepeotan.
Metehigamis= Michigamea.
Meteowwee= Methow.
Meterries= Meherrin.
Métésigamias= Michigamea.
Methau, Methews, Methoms= Methow.
Metlah Catlah, Metlahkatlah= Metlakatla.
Metocunent= Metocaum.
Me-too’-ta-hak= Mandan.
Metotonta= Oto.
Metousceprinioueks= Miami.
Metouwacks, Metowacks= Metoac.
Metsepe= Maspeth.
Metsigameas= Michigamea.
Metta8akik— Mattawamkeag.
Metutahanke= Mandan.
Meuntacut= Montauk.
Mewahs=Miwok.
Meweé Sagaagan Wénénéwak=Miskwagamiwisag-
aigan.
Mexicans= Pueblos.
Méye= Mayeye.
Meyemma=Chimariko.
Meynomenys, Meynomineys= Menominee.
Mezcaleros= Mescaleros.
Mezquites= Mesquites.
Mhikana=Mahican.
Mi-ah-kee-jack-sah= Miakechakesa.
Mi-ah’-ta-nés= Mandan.
Mialaquo=Big-island.
Miamee, Miames, Miamiha, Miamiouek= Miami.
Miamis de la Grue= Atchatchakangouen.
Miami town=Kekionga.
Miankish= Piankashaw.
Miantaquit= Niantic.
MESH AWN—MIKASI-UNIKACI"GA.
[B. A. BL
/
Miayuma=Mahoyum.
Micanopy, Micanopy’s town=Pilaklikaha.
Micasukee, Micasukeys, Micasukies, Micasukys=
Mikasuki.
Micéwa=Misshawa.
Mi-caws=Makah.
Miccasooky, Miccosaukie, Mic-co-sooc-e=Mikasuki.
Michaelovski Redoubt=Saint Michael.
Michalits=Muchalat.
Michalloasen=Wyalusing.
Michelimakina, Michellimakinac = Michilimacki-
nac.
sag Michéquipi, Miche-Miche-Quipy—Metsmets-
op.
Michesaking= Missisauga.
Michiagamias, Michigamias, Michigamis, Michi-
gania, Michiganians, Michigans, Michigourras=
Michigamea.
Michihimaquinac= Michilimackinac.
Michilemackinah, Michilimacquina, Michilimake-
nac, Michilimakina, Michilimakinac, Michilima-
kinais, Michilimakinong, Michilimaquina, Michi-
limicanack, Michilimickinac, Michillemackinack,
Michillemakinack, Michillimacinac, Michilsimac-
kinacks, Michillimakenac, Michillimakinak,
Michillimaquina, Michillmiackinock, Michi Mac-
kina, Michimmakina, Michinimackinac= Michili-
mackinac.
Michinipicpoet= Etheneldeli.
Michisagnek= Missisauga.
Michiskoui= Missiassik.
Mich-la-its= Muchalat.
Michlimakinak= Michilimackinac.
Michmacs= Micmac.
Michoapdos= Michopdo.
Michonguave= Mishongnovi.
Micibigwadunk= Michipicoten,
Mi-ci-kqwit-mé yinné= Mishikhwutmetunne.
Micilimaquinay, Micinima’kinunk= Michilimacki-
nac.
Mici’/qwit= Mishikhwutmetunne.
Mickasauky, Micka Sukees, Mickasukians, Micka-
sukies= Mikasuki.
Mickemac= Micmac.
Mickesawbe= Mickkesawbee.
Mickmacks, Mickmaks= Micmac.
Mick-suck-seal-tom= Micksucksealton.
Mi-glauq/-tcu-wiin’-ti=Klikitat.
Mi-¢la’/-us-min-t’ ¢ai’= Mithlausmintthai.
Micmacks, Micmaks= Micmac.
Micongnivi, Mi-con’-in-o-vi= Mishongnoyi.
Miconopy=Pilaklikaha.
Mi-con-o-vi= Mishongnovi.
Mic-pa’p-sna= Mishpapsna.
Mic-ta-pal-wa= Mishtapalwa.
Mic-ta-pa-wa= Mishtapawa.
Mictawayang= Mishtawayawininiwak.
Middle Ant Hill= Halona.
Middle Indians=Tangesatsa.
Middle Mohawk Castle=Canajoharie.
Middle Place= Halona.
Middle Spokomish=Sintootoolish,
Middletown= Middle Village.
Midewakantonwans= Mdewakanton.
Miditadi= Hidatsa.
Midnodskie, Midnévtsi= Ahtena.
Midu= Maidu.
Miednoffskoi, Miednofskie= Ahtena.
Miembre Apaches, Miembrenos, Miembres= Mimbre-
fos.
Mi-em-ma=Chimariko.
Mienbre= Mimbrefios.
Miggaamacks= Micmacs.
Migichihilinious= Migechichiliniou.
Mi’gisi=Omegeeze.
Migiu, Migiugui= Miguihui.
Migizi= Omegeeze.
Miheconders, Mihicanders= Mahican.
Mih-tutta-hang-kusch, Mih-Tutta-~-Hang-Kush=Me-
tutahanke.
Mika-ati=Shoshoni.
Mikadeshitchishi= Nez Percés.
Mika nika-shing-ga= Mikaunikashinga.
Mikanopy=Pilaklikaha.
Mika’ q‘e ni’ kaci’ ya=Mikakhenikashika,
Mika qla jinga= Mikaunikashinga.
Mikasaukies= Mikasuki.
Mikasi-unikaci»ga= Mandhinkagaghe,
—_—<
BULL. 30]
Mikasuky= Mikasuki.
Mika unikaci"ga= Mikaunikashinga.
Mikemak= Micmac.
Mik-iara= Amaikiara.
Mikikoues, Mikikouét, Mikikouet=Nikikouek.
Mikinac= Michilimackinac.
Mi‘kina’k= Mikonoh.
Mi‘kina‘kiwadciwininiwag, Mi'kina‘kiwadshiwini-
niwug, Mi‘kina‘kwatciwininiwag= Mikinakwa-
dshiwininiwak,
Mikissoua= Mikissioua.
Mikkesoeke= Mikasuki.
Mikmacs, Mikmak= Micmac.
Mikouachakhi= Miskouaha.
Mi’ kowa= Mehkoa.
Miksuksealton= Micksucksealton.
Mi’-ku-lite’= Mikulitsh.
Mi’-kwun-nu’jinné’= Mikonotunne.
Mi‘kyashé=Shoshoni.
Milbauks-chim-zi-ans=Tsimshian.
Mileo-to-nac= Melejo.
Milicetes, Milicite=Malecite.
Milky Hollow Ruin= Milky Wash ruin.
a Indians, Millbank Sound Indians=Bella-
ella.
Mille Lac band= Misisagaikaniwininiwak.
Milli-hhlama=Tenino.
Milowacks= Metoac.
Miltinoma= Multnomah.
Milwaukie= Milwaukee.
Mimai= Mimal.
Mimbrenas, Mimbrerenos, Mimbres, Mimbres
Apaches= Mimbrefios.
Mimetari= Hidatsa.
Miminimisset= Menemesseg.
Mimvre= Mimbrefios.
Mina‘ kwat= Menoquet’s village.
Minataree, Minatares, Minatories= Hidatsa.
Mincees, Minci= Munsee.
Minckquas= Iroquois.
Minckus= Conestoga.
Mincquaas= Iroquois.
Min-da,-war-car-ton= Mdewakanton.
Mineamies= Menominee.
Minecogue, Minecosias, Minecougan, Mi-ne-kan’-
zus= Miniconjou.
Mineoes= Mingo.
Minésupé’rik= Minesetperi.
Minetaire, Minetarees, Minetares= Hidatsa.
Minetares of the Prairie=Atsina.
Minetari, Minetaries, Minetarre= Hidatsa.
Minewagi= Milwaukee.
Mingaes= Iroquois.
Mingo= Mingko.
Mingoe, Mingos, Mingwee=Iroquois.
Miniamies= Miami.
Miniamis= Menominee.
Mini-cala=Itazipcho.
Mini-can-gsha= Miniconjou.
Minicau= Piniquu.
Mini-Conjou, Minicoughas, Minicoujons, Mini-kan-
jous, Minikan oju, Minikanyes, Minikanye wozupi,
in-i-kan’-zu, Mini-kiniad-za, Minikom)oos, Mini-
konga, Minikongshas, Minikoéju= Miniconjou.
Mi"i/niyk‘a cin’a= Mininihkashina.
Minipata= Minnepata.
Mini-sala=Itazipcho.
Minishup’sko= Dakota.
Minisincks, Minising= Minisink.
Miniskuya kiduyn, Miniskuya kigun,
kite’u2== Miniskuyakichun.
Minissens= Minisink.
Minissi= Munsee.
Minissingh, Minissinks= Minisink.
Ministeneaux=Cree.
Minisuk= Minisink.
Minitare, Minitarees— Hidatsa.
Minitares of the Prairie=Atsina.
Minitari= Hidatsa.
Mini'tigunk= Menitegow.
Mi"-ke’ ga"/-ye=Minkekhanye.
Mi"-ke yin’-e=Minkeyine.
Minkhotliatno= Mentokakat.
Minnake-nozzo, Min-na-kine-az-zo, Minnecarguis,
Minne-caushas, Minnecogoux, Minnecojous, Minne-
congew, Minnecongou, Minneconjon, Minneconjos,
Minneconjoux, Minnecoujos, Minnecoujou, Minne
Coujoux Sioux, Minne-Cousha, Minnecowzues=
Miniconjou,
Miniskuya-
MIKASUKY——MISKUAKES
1091
Minneh-sup-pay-deh= Minesetperi.
Min-ne-kay’-zu, Minnekonjo= Miniconjou.
Minnessinck= Minisink. ar ;
Minnetahrees, Minnetahse, Min-né-ta-re, Minne-
tarees, Minnetarees Metaharta= Hidatsa.
Minnetarees of Fort de Prairie, Minnetarees of the
Plains, Minnetarees of the Prairie=Atsina.
Minnetarees of the Willows, Minnetaroes, Minnetar
res= Hidatsa.
| Minneways=ILllinois.
Minnicongew, Minni-kan-jous, Minnikanye Woz-
hipu= Miniconjou.
Minnisink, Minnissincks, Minnissinke= Minisink.
Minnitarees, Minnitarees Metaharta=Hidatsa.
Minnitarees of Fort de Prairie=Atsina.
Minnitarees of the Willows, Minnitaris, Minntaree=
Hidatsa.
Minoia= Aminoia.
Minokantongs=Mdewakanton.
Minominees, Minominies, Minomonees, Minoniones,
Minoomenee= Menominee.
Minoosky= Ahtena.
Minoquet=Menoquet.
Minowakanton, Minowa Kantong=Mdewakanton.
Minowas=Iowa.
Minoway-Kantong, Minoway Kautong, Minow Kan-
tong= Mdewakanton.
Minoya= Aminoya.
Minquaas, Minquaes=Conestoga, Iroquois.
Minquaos=Conestoga.
Minqguas=Conestoga, Iroquois.
Minquase, Minquays=Conestoga.
Mi»’qudje-ints’e= Manhazulintanman.
Minques, Minquinos, Minquosy=Conestoga.
Minseys, Minsimini, Minsis= Munsee.
Mi"tciratce= Michirache.
Mintou= Mento.
Minusing= Minisink.
Minisky=Ahtena.
pes fi a aeta-¢ataji= Zhanhadtadhis-
an.
Mixa-sa"-wet'agi= Minghasanwetazhi.
Mi>xa/ska= Minghaska.
Mit xa’ ska i’ niyk‘aci"’a= Minghaskainihkashina.
Miook= Miwok.
Mipacmas= Makoma.
Mi’-p’cun-tik= Mipshuntik.
Mipegoes, Mipegois= Winnebago.
Miquesesquelna=Niquesesquelua.
Miqui= Hopi.
Miracopas== Maricopa.
Miramis= Miami.
Mirimichy= Miramichi.
Mirocopas= Maricopa.
Mirrachtauhacky= Montauk.
Mi-sal-la Magun= Musalakun.
Miscaleros= Mescaleros.
Miscelemackena, Misclimakinack=Michilimack-
inac.
Miscolts=Miskut.
Miscothins, Miscotins= Mascoutens.
Miscott= Miskut.
Miscouaquis= Foxes.
Misham=Mishawum.
Mi-shan-qu-na-vi= Mishongnovi.
Mishawomet=Shawomet.
Mishinimaki, Mishinimakina, Mishinimakinago,
Mishini-makinak, Mishinimakinang, Mishinimak-
inank= Michilimackinac.
Mishiptonga=Kawaika.
Mishkemau= Meshkemau.
Mi-shong-i-niv, Mi-shong’-i-ni-vi,
Mishongnavi, Mishongop-avi,
Mishongnovi.
Mishowomett=Shawomet.
Misiassins (Petits)=Mistassin.
Misilimakenak, Misillimakinac= Michilimackinac.
Misinajua=Misinagua.
Mision de Nacogdoches=Nuestra Sefiora de Guada-
lupe de los Nacogdoches.
Mi-sis=Omisis.
Misisagas, Misisagey= Missisauga.
Misiskoui= Missiassik.
Misitagues= Missisauga.
Mis-kai-whu= Miseekwigweelis.
Mis-Keegoes=Maskegon.
Miskigula= Pascagoula.
Miskogonhirinis= Maskegon.
Miskuakes=Miskouaha.
o é Fy
Mi-shong-in-ovi,
Mi-shon-na-vi=
1092
Misku-Gami-Saga-igan-anishinabeg = Miskwagami-
wisagaigan.
Miskwadasi= Meskwadare.
Miskwa-ka Mewe Sagdagan Wenenewak=Miskwa-
gamiwisagaigan.
Miskwiam=Musqueam.
Miskwukeeyuk= Foxes.
Mislimakinac= Michilimackinac,
Misonk= Miemissouks.
Misouris= Missouri.
Misqueam= Musqueam.
Misquito— Mesquite.
Missada, Missages= Missisauga.
Missaq uogues= Nesaquake.
Missasagas, Missasago, Missasagué, Missassago, Mis-
sassugas, Missaugees= Missisauga.
Misselemachinack, Misselemakinach, Misselemak-
nach= Michilimackinac.
Missequeks, Missesagas, Missesagoes, Missesagues,
Missesaques, Missiagos= Missisauga.
Missilikinac, Missilimachinac, Missilimackinak,
Missilimakenak, Missilimakinac, Missilimakinak,
Missilimaquina, Missilinaokinak, Missilinianac,
Missillimackinac, Missillimakina, Missilmakina=
Michilimackinac.
Missinasagues= Missisauga.
Mission de St. Joseph=Goiogouen.
Mission Montezuma=Casa Grande.
Mission of the Holy Ghost=Shaugawaumikong.
Mission Point=Restigouche.
Missiosagaes= Missisauga.
Missiouris= Missouri.
Missiquecks, Missisagaes, Missisages, Missisagis,
Missisagos, Missisagues, Missisaguez, Missisa-
guys, Missisak, Missisakis, Missisaque, Missisa-
quees, Missisauges= Missisauga.
Missiscoui, Missiskouy= Missiassik.
Mississaga, Mississagets, Mississageyes, Mississa-
gez, Mississagies, Mississaguas, Mississague, Mis-
sissaguras, Mississakis, Mississaques, Mississau-
gers, Mississauges, Mississaugies, Mississaugues,
Mississguas= Missisauga.
Mississinaway= Mississinewa.
Mississipone= Misesopano.
Mississippi bands= Kitchisibiwininiwug.
Missitagues= Missisauga.
Missoori= Missouri.
Missopeno=Sopone.
Missounta, Missouria, Missourians, Missourie, Mis-
souriens, Missouries, Missouris, Missourita, Mis-
sourite, Missoury= Missouri.
Misstassins= Mistassin.
Missuri, Missurier, Missuris, Missurys= Missouri.
Mistapnis, Mistasiniouek, Mistasirenois, Mistasi-
rinins, Mistassini, Mistassinni, Mistassirinins=
Mistassin.
Mi’stavii/nit=Hotamitanio.
Mistick= Mystic.
Mistigouche= Restigouche.
Mistissinnys= Mistassin.
Mi’-sun= Misun.
Misuris= Missouri.
Mita= Meta.
Mitahawiye=Kitkehahki.
Mitaui= Methow.
Mitchigamas, Mitchigamea, Mitchigamias=Michi-
gamea. :
Mitchinimackenucks= Michilimackinac.
Mitchitamou= Mistassin.
Mitc-hi-yu= Michiyu.
Mi-tci’-ra-tce= Michirache.
Mitc-Ka-na-Kau= Miscanaka.
Mithouies= Methow.
Mitiling= Kalopaling.
Mi-til’-ti= Medilding.
Mi’tlmetle’ltc= Mitlmetlelch.
Mi-toam’ Kai Po-mo=Mitomkai Pomo.
Mitshopda= Michopdo.
Mitsita= Wichita.
Mitutahankish, Mitutahankuc= Metutahanke.
Mitysén=Tonkawa.
Mivira= Quivira.
Mi’-wa, Mi/wi=Miwok.
Mi-wok= Moquelumnan Family.
Miyamis= Miami.
Miyi=Mayeye.
Mizamichis= Miramichi.
Mkatewetitéta=Siksika.
MISKU-GAMI-SAGA-IG.AN-A NISHIN ABEG—-MOHEAG
[B. A. B.
Mnacedeus= White Indians.
Mnakho-tana=Unakhotana.
Moacha= Yuquot.
Moachet=Mooachaht.
Moacks= Mohawk.
Moadassa= Muklassa.
Moadoc, Moahtockna= Modoc
Moak= Mohawk.
Moal-kai= Boalkea.
Moan’-au-zi= Mono.
Moan-Kopi=Oraibi.
Moassones, Moassons= A bnaki.
Moatakish= Modoc.
Mo/atcath= Mooachaht.
Moatok-gish, Méatokni= Modoc.
Mo-a-wa-ta-ve-wach=Tabeguache.
Moawk= Mohawk.
Mobas= Movas.
Mobeluns, Mobilas, Mobileans= Mobile.
Mobilians=Creeks, Mobile, Muskhogean Family.
Mobiliens= Mobile.
Mocalasa= Muklassa.
Mocas= Hopi.
Moccasin-with-holes= Bannock.
Mochgeychkonk= Mechgachkamicec.
Mochgonnekoneck=Shinnecock.
Mochi= Hopi.
Mochicahuy, Mochicohuy= Mochicaui.
Mochies= Hopi.
Mochila= Mochilagua.
Mochomes= Delaware.
Mochop= Mochopa.
Mockhoeken= Hockhocken.
Mo-cko’-yi= Creeks.
Mockways= Mohawk.
Mocogo, Mocosa, Mocoso, Mocosson= Moquoso.
Mocquages, Mocquayes= Mohawk.
Moctesuma=Casa Grande.
Moctezuma=Oposura.
Moctoby= Moctobi.
Modanks, Mo-docks, Modoes,
Mo/dokni, Modook= Modoc.
Mo-é-ka-ne-ka’-she-ga= Manyinka.
Mo-é-kwe-ah-ha=Chedunga.
Moelobites= Moctoby.
Moencapi= Moenkapi.
Moenemines Castle, Moeneminnes Castle=Mone-
mius.
Moeng8ena= Moing wena.
Moen-kopi= Moenkapi.
Mennitarris= Hidatsa.
Moeroahkongy= Meletecunk.
Mo-e-twas=Palaihnihan Family.
Mogall, Mogallones= Mogollon.
Mogekin= Mohegan.
Mogeris= Hopi.
Mogianeucks= Mohegan.
Mogin= Hopi.
Mogino= Moquino.
Mogkunkakauke= Magunkaquog.
Moglushah town=Mugulasha.
Mogogones, Mogoll, Mogollone= Mogollon.
Mogolushas= Mugulasha.
Mogoso= M oquoso.
Mogoulachas= Mugulasha.
Mogoyones= Mogollon.
Mogozo= Moquoso.
Moguachis= Moache.
Mogui= Hopi.
Moguino= Moquino.
Mohaakx= Mohawk.
Mohacé= Hopi.
Mohacks, Mohaco, Mohacqs, Mohacques, Mohaes,
Mohaggs= Mohawk.
Mohagin= Mohegan.
Mohags= Mohawk.
Mohahve= Mohave.
Mohaks, Mohakx= Mohawk.
Mohansick= Manhasset.
Mohage, Mohaqs, Mohaques= Mohawk.
Mohaskahod= Mahaskahod.
Mohaucks, Mohaugs, Mohaukes, Mohauks=Mo-
hawk.
Mohavi, Mohawa= Mohave.
Mohawcks= Mohawk.
Mohawe= Mohave.
Mohawkes, Mohawques, Mohaws= Mohawk.
Moheag, Moheagan, Moheaganders, Moheéages, Mo-
heagues= Mohegan.
Modok, Mo/dokish,
BULL. 30]
Moheakanneews, Moheakenunks, Moheakounuck,
Moheakunnuks, Mohecan, Moheckons, Mohecon-
nock, Mo-hee-gan= Mahican.
Moheegins, Moheegs, Moheek, Moheganicks, Mohe-
gen, Moheges, Mohegin= Mohegan.
Mohego= Mohawk.
Mohegs, Moheken= Mohegan.
Mohekin, Mo-he-kun-e-uk, Mo-he’-kun-ne-uk, Mohe-
kunnuks, Mohekunuh= Mahican.
Mohemenchoes, Mohemenehoes, Mohemonsoes= Mo-
hemencho.
Mohetan=Moheton.
Mohicander, Mohicands= Mahican.
Mohican Johnstown= Mohickon John’s Town.
Mohican™, Mohicans, Mohiccons, Mohickan, Mohick-
anders, Mohicken= Mahican.
Mohicken Village=Mohickon John’s Town.
Mohickons= Mahican.
Mohigan, Mohiganeucks, Mohiganie, Mohigens,
Mohiggans, Mohiggen, Mohiggeners, Mohighens,
Mohigin= Mohegan.
Mohigon= Mahican.
Mohigoners= Mohegan.
Mohikan, Mohikander,
Mahican.
Mohineyam=Serranos.
Mohingans, Mohingaus= Mahican.
Mohkach= Mokaich.
Mohk ta hwa tan in=Mogtavhaitaniu.
Moh-kuh’= Makan.
Mohoakk= Mohawk.
Mohocanders= Mahican.
Mohoce= Hopi.
Mohocks, Mohocs=Mohawk.
Mohogans= Mahican.
Mohoges, Mohoggs= Mohawk.
Mohogin= Mohegan.
Mohogs= Mohawk.
Mohokanders= Mahican.
Mohokes, Mohoks= Mohawk.
Mohoning= Mahoning.
Mohontowonga= Manckatawangum.
Mohoqui, Mohotze= Hopi.
Mohoukes, Mohowaugsuck, Mohowawogs, Mohowks,
Mohox= Mohawk.
Moh-tau-hai’/-ta-ni-o= Ute.
Mohtawas=Kansa.
Moh-ta’-wa-ta-ta’-ni-o=Sihasapa.
Mohuache, Mohuache Utahs, Mohuache Utes=
Moache.
Mohuccons, Mohuccories= Mahicen.
Mohucks= Mohawk.
Mohuhaches= Moache.
Moi-ka-nika-shing-ga= Manyinka.
Moingoana, Moingona, Moins= Moingwena.
Mojaoes, Mojaris, Mojaur, Mojave= Mohave.
Mojual-ua= Mojualuna.
W’ okahoki=Okahoki.
Mékai=Calapooya.
Mokaiqch, Mo’/-kaitc=Mokaich.
Mokalusha=Imongalasha.
Mo-katsh= Mokaich.
Mokaus, Mokawkes= Mohawk.
Moke=Calapooya.
Mokee= Hopi.
Mokelemnes= Mokelumne.
Moke maklaks=Calapooya.
Mokes= Hopi.
Mokhabas= Mohave.
Moki= Hopi.
Molalalas, Molale, Molalla, Molallah, Molallalas,
Mohikonders, Mohikons=
Molallales, Molalle Indians, Molallie, Mo-lay-
less= Molala.
Molchatna=Mulchatna.
Moleaaleys, Molealleg, Mole Alley, Moleallies=
Molala.
Molejé—Santa Rosalina Mulege.
Molel=Molala.
Molele=Molala, Waiilatpuan Family.
Molelie, Molell, Mollalas= Molala.
Molloua, Moloa, Molona=Homolua.
Mélsem= Malssum.
Moltnomas= Multnomah.
Molxaves= Mohave.
Mominimisset= Menemesseg.
Monachans= Monacan.
Monache, Mo-na-chi= Mono.
Monahasanugh, Monahassanughes= Monahassano.
Monahegan, Monahiganeucks, Monahiganick, Mo-
MOHEAKANNEEWS—MONUHCHOGOK
10938
nahiggan, Monahiggannick, Monahigganie, Mona-
higgens, Monahiggon, Monahigon= Mohegan.
Monahoacs= Manahoac.
Monakin= Monacan.
Monamoy, Monamoyik= Manamoyik.
Monanacah Rahowacah, Monanacans= Monacan.
Monas= Mono.
Monasiccapanoes, Monasiceapanoes, Monasickapa-
noughs, Monasukapanough= Monasiccapano.
Monatons, Monatuns= Manhattan.
Moncey= Munsee.
Mondaque= Anadarko.
Monecoshe Sioux= Miniconjou.
Mon-eka-goh-ha— Mandhinkagaghe.
Monemiu’s castle=Monemius.
Monengwanekan=Shaugawaumikong.
Mongontatchas, Mongoulacha, Mongoulatches—Mu-
gulasha.
Mongsoa LEithynyook,
Monsoni.
Monguagon= Maguaga.
Monhagin= Mohegan.
Monhauset= Manhasset.
Monheagan, Monheags, Monhegans, Monhege, Mon-
hegen, Monhiggin, Monhiggons, Monhiggs= Mohe-
gan.
Monimoy= Manamoyik.
Moningwanekan=Shaugawaumikong.
Monis= Menominee.
Monkey Indians= Hopi.
Monloua= Homolua.
Mon-mish=Samamish.
Monmuchloosen=Wyalusing.
Monnesick= Minisink.
Monocans= Monacan.
Monoes= Mono.
Monohegens= Mohegan.
Monomeni= Menominee.
Monomete= Manomet.
Monomins, Monomonees= Menominee.
Monomoy= Manamoyik.
Monomunies= Menominee.
Mo-no’-ni-o= Mandan.
Mono Pi-Utes= Mono.
Monquoi= Hopi.
Mons= Mous.
Monsaunis= Monsoni.
Monsays, Monsees, Monseys, Monsi= Munsee.
Monsiemakenack= Michilimackinac.
Monsies= Munsee.
Monsonabi, Monsonavi= Mishongnoyi.
Monsone, Monsoni= Mousonee.
Monsonico, Monsonies= Monsoni.
Monsopela= Mosopelea.
Monsounic= Monsoni.
Mons8pelea, Monsoupelea= Mosopelea.
Monsys= Munsee.
Montacut= Montauk.
Montagnais=Chipewyan, Nahane.
Montagnais of Lake St, John=Chicoutimi.
Montagnaits= Montagnais.
Montagnardes= Montagnard.
Montagnards, Montagnars= Montagnais.
Montagnees=Chipewyan.
Montagnes=Chipewyan, Montagnais.
Montagnese= Mikinakwadshiwininiwak.
Montagnets= Montagnais.
Montagneurs= Onondaga.
Montagnez=Chipewyan, Montagnais.
Montagnois, Montagrets= Montagnais.
Montagués= Montagnais, Onondaga.
Montaignairs, Montaigners, Montaignes,
gnets, Montainiers= Montagnais.
Montake, Montaks= Montauk.
Montanaro, Montaniak= Montagnais.
Montank, Montauckett, Montaug, Montaukett, Mon-
taukut, Montauque= Montauk.
Montawanskeag= Mattawamkeag.
Montekakat= Mentokakat.
Monterey=San Carlos.
Montezuma=Casa Grande, Casa Montezuma.
Montezuma Pueblo= Pueblo Pintado.
Monthees, Montheys= Munsee.
Montoake, Montocks, Montok— Montauk.
Montotos=Nutunutu.
Montoweses= Mantowese.
Mont-Pelés= Monts Pelés.
Montucks= Montauk.
Moénuhchogok= Manchaug.
Mongsoa-eythinyoowuc=
Montai-
1094
Monument, Monumet=Manomet.
Monunkatuck= Menunkatuce.
Monymoyk= Manamoyik.
Monzoni= Monsoni.
Mooacht-aht, Moo-cha-aht= Mooachaht.
Moochas= Motsai.
Moogunkawg= Magunkaquog.
Moohags= Mohawk.
Mooklausa, Mooklausan, Mook-lau-sau= Muklassa.
Moolalle= Molala.
Moolamchapa= Mulamchapa.
Mooleilis= Molala.
Moon/-au-zi= Paiute.
Moon-calves= Menominee.
Moon’-cha=Tunanpin.
Moons= Mous.
Moonyville Saw Mills=Moodyville Saw Mills.
Mooqui= Hopi.
Moor-i-ohs, Moo-ris= Murek.
Moose-deer Indians, Moose Indians, Moose River In-
dians= Monsoni.
Mooshahneh, Mooshanave, Moo-sha-neh, Mooshongae
nay vee, Mooshongeenayvee, Moo-song’-na-ve=
Mishongnovi.
Mootaeyuhew= Mataguay.
Mo-o-tza= Hopi.
Moouchaht= Mooachaht.
Moq, Moqni= Hopi.
Moquaches= Moache.
Moquaes= Mohawk.
Moqua Indians= Hopi.
Moquakues, Moquas, Moquase, Moquauks, Moqua-
wes= Mohawk.
Moquelumne= Moquelumnan Family.
Moquelumnes= Mokelumne.
Moques= Hopi.
Moqui= Hopi, Mohawk, Walpi.
Moquian Pueblos= Hopi.
Moqui concave= Moenkapi.
Moquinas, Moquinos, Moquins, Moquitch, Moquois=
Hopi.
Moquopen= Mecopen.
Moquy= Hopi.
Morahicanders=Mahican.
Morahtkans= Mohegan.
Moraigane, Moraiguns, Moraingans=Mahican.
Morai-uh= Murek.
Moranghtaouna= Moraughtacund.
Morargans= Mahican.
Moratico, Moratocks, Moratoks=Moratoc.
Morattico—Moraughtacund.,
Morattiggon= Moratiggon.
Moratuck= Moratoc.
Moraughtacud= Moraughtacund.
Morheton=Hahatonwanna,
Morhicans= Mohegan.
Morias= Murek.
Moricetown= Lachalsap.
Mo-ri-ohs= Murek.
Morisons= Monsoni.
Morlal-les= Molala.
Morqui= Hopi.
Morshevoi, Morshewskoje, Morzaivskoi, Morzhevs-
koe, Morzovoi= Morzhovoi.
Mosack= Masac’s Village.
Mosanais, Mosanis, Mosasnabi, Mosasnave=Mish-
ongnoyi.
Moscalara= Mescaleros.
Moscama=Mocama.
Moses’ Band=Sinkiuse.
Moshamoquett= Massomuck.
Moshanganabi= Mishongnoyi.
Moshkos= Foxes, Mascoutens.
Moshome=Nayaho.
Moshongnavé= Mishongnoyi.
Mosi= Hopi, Kadohadacho.,
Mosicha= Hopi.
Moskoky=Creeks.
Moskwas=Mooskwasuh.
Mosonique= Mousonee.
Mosopelleas, Mosopolca, Mosopolea= Mosopelea.
Mosquaugsett= Mohawk.
Mosquies= Hopi.
Mosquitans= Mascoutens.
Mosquitos=Mascoutens, Mosquito Indians.
Mossette= Masset.
Mossonganabi, Moszasnavi= Mishongnoyi.
Motantees=Oto.
MONUMENT—MUCKKOSE
[B. A. B.
Motarctins=Mascoutens.
Mo-ta-to-sis, Mo-ta/-tots=Motahtosiks.
Mo’tawas=Kansa.
Mo/tclath= Muchalat.
M6-ts= Hopi.
Motschicahuz= Mochicaui.
Mots6nitaniu= Woksihitaniu.
Motssum= Mutsun.
Motiutatak=Oto.
Motuticatzi= Mututicachi.
Mouchatha=M ooachaht.
Mougolaches, Mougoulachas= Mugulasha.
Mouguis= Hopi.
Mouhaks= Mohawk.’
Mouingouena= Moingwena.
Mouloubis= Moctobi.
Mountacutt= Montauk.
Mountain=Chipewyan.
Mountain Assinaboins—Tschantoga.
Mountain Comanche= Apache.
Mountaineer=Chipewyan.
Mountaineers= Montagnais,
daga.
Mountain Indians=Chipewyan, Etagottine, Koyu-
kukhotana, Montagnais, Tenankutehin, Tu-
techonekutchin.
Mountain-men=Tenankutchin.
Mountain Sheep-Eaters=Tukuarika.
Mountain Sheep Men=Abbatotine.
Mountain Stoneys, Mountain Stonies=Tschantoga.
Mountaneers, Mountanees= Montagnais.
Mourigan= Mahican.
Mousas= Mouisa.
Mouskouasoaks= Malecite.
Mous-o-neeg= Mousonee.
Mousonis= Monsoni.
Mouuache Utes=Moache.
ow Mouvilla, Mouville, Movila, Movill=Mo-
ile.
Mowaches= Mooachaht.
Mowacks, Mowakes, Mowaks= Mohawk.
Mowatak= Modoc.
Mo-watch-its, Mowatshat= Mooachaht.
Mowelches= Wimilchi.
Mowhakes, Mowhaks, Mowhakues,
Mowhauks, Mowhauogs,
hawks= Mohawk.
Mowheganneak= Mohegan.
Mowhemcho, Mowhememchuges, Mowhemenchouch,
sedadapani ie Mowhemincke = Mohemen-
cho.
Mowhoake, Mowhohs= Mohawk.
Mowi’ats= Moyvwiats.
Mowill= Mobile.
Mo wis si yu= Moiseyu.
Mowitchat=Mooachaht.
Mow-mish=Sahmamish.
Mowquakes= Mohawk.
Mow-shai-i-na, Moxainabe, Moxainabi, Moxainavi=
Mishongnoyi.
Moxi= Hopi.
Moxionavi, Moxonaui, Moxonavi= Mishongnoyi.
Moyaoncs, Moyaonees, Moyaones, Moyaons=Moya-
wance.
Moyave= Mohave.
Moyencopi= Moenkapi.
Moyoacks= Nottoway.
Moyoones, Moyowahcos, Moyowance= Moyawance.
Mozamleeks= Mozeemlek.
Mozaqui=Matsaki.
Mozeemleck, Mozemleks=Mozeemlek.
Mpaktam=Npiktim.
Mrh=Murek.
Mshawomet=Shawomet.
M’shkudan’/nik=Prairie band of Potawatomi.
Muabe= Moenkapi.
Muache=Moache.
Muahuaches, Muares=Moache.
Mii’atokni= Modoc.
Muca= Hopi, Oraibi.
Mu-ca-la-moes= Mescaleros.
Mucclasse=Muklassa.
Muchalaht, Muchlaht=Muchalat.
Muchquauh, Much-quauh=Makwa.
Mii-cin’-t’a yanné=Coos.
Muckalucs= Klamath.
Muckeleses= Muklassa.
Muckhekanies= Mahican.
Muckkose, Muck-Rose= Maukekose.
Montagnard, Onon-
Mowhaugs,
Mowhawkes, Mow-
BULL. 30]
Mucogo= Moquoso.
Mucogulgee=Creeks.
Muddy River Indians=Piegan.
Muenkapi= Moenkapi.
Mu-gua= Hopi.
Muhekannew, Muhheakunneuw,
Muhheconnuck= Mahican.
Muhheconnuk=Stockbridge.
Muhheeckanew, Muh-hee-kun-eew, Muhhekaneew,
Muhbhekaneok= Mahican.
Muhhekanetk= Mohegan.
Muhhekanew= Mahican, Stockbridge.
Muhhekaniew, Muhhekanneuk, Muhhekanok, Muh-
hekenow, Mubhekunneau, Muhhekunneyuk, Muh-
kekaneew= Mahican.
Muihibay= Muiva.
Miu-i-nyan wun-wu=Muiyawu.
Mikaluk= Klamath.
Mi-ke= Hopi.
Mukeemnes, Mukelemnes= Mokelumne.
Mukickans= Mahican.
Muk-im-dua-win-in-e-wug= Pillagers.
Mukkekaneaw= Mahican.
Mukkudda Ozitunnug=Siksika.
Mukkundwas= Pillagers.
Muk-kwaw= Makwa.
Mukmacks= Micmac.
Muk-me-dua-win-in-e-wug= Pillagers.
Muk-ud-a-shib=Sheshebe.
Mukundua, Muk-un-dua-win-in-e-wing, Muk-un-dua-
win-in-e-wug, Mukundwa=Pillagers.
Muk-wah= Makwa.
Mul’-cin-tik= Mulshintik.
Mulege, Mulexe=Santa Rosalia Mulege.
Muleyes= Mayeye.
Mulknomans= Multnomah.
Mul-lat-te-co=Numaltachi.
Multinoma, Multnomia= Multnomah.
Mumaltachi= Numaltachi.
Mum-i’-o-yiks=Mameoya.
Mumtrahamiut, Mumtrahamut,
Mumtrak.
Mumtrekhlagamiut, Mumtrekhlagamute, Mumtre-
lega= Mumtrelek.
Min-an’-né-qu’-janné= Klikitat.
Munceys= Munsee.
Munchie, Munchies= Hopi.
Muncies, Muncy= Munsee.
Mundaywahkanton, Munday Wawkantons=Mde-
wakanton.
Mundwa=Mundua.
Mungwas= Iroquois.
Munhegan, Munhicke= Mohegan.
Munina=Ninilchik.
Min-kqge’-tin= Kheerghia.
Munnucketucke= Menunkatuc.
Mun-o-min-ik-a-she-ug= Munominikasheenhug.
Munqui concabe= Moenkapi.
Munsays= Munsee.
Munsee settlement= Hickorytown.
Mun-see-wuk, Munses, Munsey, Munseyis= Munsee.
Munsey Town=Wapicomekoke.
Munsi, Munsies, Munsy= Munsee.
Muntake, Muntauckett, Muntaukett= Montauk.
Mi‘-tci’/-nye=Munchinye.
Mu"-tci’-ra-tee=Tunanpin.
Miun-ya’u-wu=Muiyawu.
Muoe=Muoc.
Muqui= Hopi.
Muqui concabe= Moenkapi.
Muracumanes= Meracouman.
Muradicos=Shoshoko,
Murderer’s kill Indians= Waoranec.
Murdering town=Kuskuski.
Mur-iohs=Murek.
Murphy=Quanusee.
Murthering Town=Kuskuski.
Mur til par= Matilpe.
Muruam= Mariames.
Musaleros= Mescaleros.
Mu-sal-la-kun=Musalakun.
Musaogulge, Muscagee=Creeks.
Muscagoes=Maskegon.
Muscalaroe, Muscaleros, Muscallaros=Mescaleros.
Muscamunge=Mascoming.
Muscogee=Creeks, Muskhogean Family.
Muscogeh, Muscogulges, Muscolgees=:Creeks.,
Musconogees, Muscononges= Maskegon.
Muscoten, Muscoutans= Mascoutens,
Muhbheakunnuk,
Mumtrahamute=
MUCOGO—NA-AI’
1095
Muscows, Musgogees=Creeks.
Musha’/ch=Moshaich.
Mu-shai-é-now-a, Mu-shai-i-na, Mushanganevi, Mu-
shangene-vi, Mushangnewy, Mushanguewy, Mu-
sha-ni, Mushaugnevy= Mishongnovi.
Mushkeags, Mushkigos= Maskegon.
Mushkodains, Mush-ko-dains-ug= Mascoutens.
Muskagoes, Mus-ka-go-wuk= Maskegon.
Mus-ka-le-ras, Mus-ka-leros= Mescaleros.
Muskantins= Mascoutens,
Muskeegoo, Muskeg, Muskeggouck= Maskegon.
Muskegoag= Maskegon, Nopeming,.
Muskegoe, Muskegons, Muskegoo, Muskego Ojib-
ways=Maskegon.
Muskegos=Creeks.
Muskeleras, Muskeleros= Mescaleros,
Musketoons= Mascoutens.
Muskhogee, Muskhogies=Muskhogean Family.
Muskigo= Maskegon.
Muskingom, Muskingun, Muskinkum= Muskingum.
Musk-keeg-oes= Maskegon.
Muskogee= Creeks.
Muskoghe= Mascoutens.
Muskogolgees, Muskohge, Muskohogee, Muskokes=
Creeks.
Muskoncus= Muscongus.
Mus-koo-gee=Creeks.
Muskotanje= Mascoutens.
Mus-ko-ta-we-ne-wuk= Paskwawininiwug.
Muskoutings, Muskulthe, Muskutawa—Mascou-
tens.
Mus-kwa-ka-uk, Muskwake= Foxes.
Musqua=Creeks.
Musquabuck= Mesquawbuck.
Musquacki, Mus-quack-ki-uck= Foxes.
Musquahanos= Musquarro.
Musquakees, Musquakes, Musquakies, Musquak-
kink= Foxes.
Musquash= Wazhush.
Musquatans, Musquaties=Mascouten.
Musquattamies= Foxes.
Musquattimay=Welegcens.
Musquawkée= Foxes.
Musqueeam, Musqueom=Musqueam
Musquetens= Mascoutens.
Musquiakis= Foxes.
Musquins, Musquint=Oraibi.
Musquitans= Mascoutens.
Musquito= Mesquite.
Musquitoes= Mascoutens, Mosquito Indians,
Musquitons= Mascoutens.
Musscovir= Missouri.
Musshuntucksett= Maushantuxet.
Mussisakies= Missisauga.
Mustac= Mustak.
Mustassins= Mistassin.
Mustees= Metis.
Mustegans= Maskegon.
Musteses= Metis.
Mutawatan=Ute.
Muthelemnes= Mokelumne.
Mutistal= Mutistul.
Mutseen= Mutsun.
Mut-sha=Motsai.
Miutsiana-tiniu= Kiowa Apache.
Se cane Family, Moquelumnan Fam-
ily.
Mutsunes, Mutzun, Mutzunes= Mutsun.
Muutzicat=Muutzizti.
Muwa=Miwok.
Mu-wi=Mugu. .
Muxlasalgi= Muklasalgi.
Mu xtsuhintan= Apache.
Muyx-tzi’-entan=Querechos.
Muzaque, Muzaqui= Matsaki.
M-Wai-ai-kai=Wiwekae.
Myacmas, Myacomaps=Makoma.
Myalaname= Pueblos.
Myamicks, Myamis= Miami.
Myanexit= Manexit.
Mynckussar, Myncqueser=Conestoga.
Mynomamies, Mynomanies, Mynonamies=Menom-
inee.
Mystick= Mystic.
Na. For all names beginning with this abbrevi-
ation and followed by Sa, Sra, or Sefiora, see
Nuestra.
Na-ai’= Nahane,
1096
Na-aic’/=Naaish.
Naa/‘igine, Naa‘idine‘=Naai.
Na-ai-ik=Naaik.
Naalem=Nehalem.
Na‘a‘lgas xa’da-i= Naalgushadai.
Naamhok=Amoskeag, Naumkeag.
Naamkeeks= Amoskeag.
Naamkeke= Naumkeag.
Naamskeket=Namskaket.
Na-ané-ottiné, Na an-ne=Nahane.
Naantucke= Niantic.
Naa-nu-aa-ghu=Nanyaayi.
Naas=Chimmesyan Family.
Naaskaak= Naasumetunne.
Naas River Indians=Niska.
Naass=Chimmesyan Family, Salishan Family.
Naaticokes= Nanticoke.
Naatsi= Naasumetunne.
Nababish= Nabobish.
Nabadaches, Nabadachie, Nabdadatsu, Nabaducho,
Nabaduchoes= Nabedache.
Nabaho, Nabahoes= Navaho.
Nabaidatcho, Na-ba’-i-da’/-tt= Nabedache.
Nabajo, Nabajoa, Nabajo Apaches, Nabajoe=Na-
vaho.
Nabakoa=Nibakoa.
Nabari=Nabiri.
Nabat’ hii ti’ei= Nabatrituei.
Nabato, Nabaydacho=Nabedache.
Nabbehoes=Navaho.
Nabedoches, Nabeidacho, Nabeidatcho, Nabeitdacho,
Nabidacho= Nabedache.
Nabijos=Navaho.
Nabiltse=Hupa.
Nabites, Nabiti=Nabiri.
Nabittse—Hupa.
Nabobask, Nabobic=Nabobish.
Nabojas, Nabojo= Navaho.
Nabojoa=Navojoa.
Nabsquassets=Nobscusset.
Nabuggindebaig=Choctaw, Salish.
Nabu/aak=Nabukak.
Nacacahoz=Natchitoch.
Nacachao, Nacachas=Nacachau.
Nacachez=Nacisi.
Na-ca-ci-kin= Hano.
Nacado-cheet= Nacogdoches.
Nacamere= Nacameri.
Nacanes= Detsanayuka.
Nacao=Nacau.
Nacar=Nacori.
Nacassa, Nacassé, Nacatche=Nacisi.
Nacaune=Detsanayuka.
Nacaxes=Nacau.
Na-cé-doc= Natchitoch.
Nacha= Natchez.
Nachee=Natchee, Natchez.
Nachees=Necoes.
Nachés= Natchez.
Naches=Neche.
Nachez= Natchez.
Nachillee=Netchilirmiut.
Nachis= Natchez.
Nachitoches, Nachitock, Nachitooches, Nachitos,
Nachittoos, Nachittos=Natchitoch.
Nachodoches= Nacogdoches.
Nacholchavi/gamut=Nakolkavik.
Nacholke, Nachy=Natchez.
Nachtichoukas=Natchitoch.
Nacitos=Natchitoch.
Nacoches=Nacachau.
Nacochtant=Nacotchtank.
Nacocodochy, Nacocqdosez,
ocheet= Nacogdoches.
Nacodoches=Nacogdoches, Nuestra Sefiora de la
Guadalupe.
Nacodochitos, Nacogdochet, Nacog-docke=Nacog-
doches.
Nacoho=Nacau.
Nacomen=Nicomen.
Naconomes= Detsanayuka.
Nacoochee=Naguchee.
Nacooks=Souhegan.
Nacori Grande=Nacori.
Nacostines= Nacotchtank.
Nacosuras=Nacosari.
Nacota= Assiniboin.
Nacotah= Dakota.
Na-co’-tah O-see-gah=Itscheabine.
Nacodissy, Nacod-
NA-AIO/—NAHACASSI
Na-co’-ta Mah-to-pa-nar-to= Watopachnato.
Nacotchtant=Nacotchtank.
Nacpacha=Necpacha.
Nactchitoches, Nactythos= Natchitoch.
Nacume jinné, Nacumi=Nasumi.
Nacunes=Detsanayuka.
Nadaco, Nadacoc, Nadacoe= Anadarko.
Nadacogdoches= Nacogdoche.
Nadacogs, Nadaho, Nada’ko, Nadaku, Nadaku
hayanu= Anadarko.
Nadas, Nadassa=Natasi.
Nadatcho= Anadarko, Nabedache.
Nadawessi, Na-da-wessy= Dakota.
Nadchés= Natchez.
Nadchito, Nadchitochés, Nadchitoes=Natchitoch.
Naddouwessioux= Dakota.
Nadeche= Nabedache.
Nadechés= Natchez.
Nadeicha= Kiowa Apache.
Nadesis= Dakota.
Nadezes= Natchez.
Nadiousioux, Nadissioux= Dakota.
Nadiisha-déna’= Kiowa Apache.
Nadocogs= Anadarko.
Nadoeses, Nadoessi, Nadoessians= Dakota.
Nadoessi Mascouteins= Iowa.
Nadoessious, Nadonaisi, Nadonaisioug, Nadonech-
iouk, Naonessioux, Nadonessis, Nadooessis
=Dakota.
Nadooessis of the Plains=Teton.
Nadouags, Nadouagssioux, Nadouaissious, Nadou-
aissioux, Nadouayssioux= Dakota.
Nadouc, Nadouches= Natasi.
Nadoiiechio8ec, Nadouechiouec, Nad8echi8ec, Na-
douechiouek, Nadouecious, Nadouecis, Nad8eBis,
Nadouesans, Nadouesciouz, Nadouesiouack, Na-
douesiouek, Nadouesioux, Nadouesiouz, Nadoues-
sans, Nadouesse= Dakota.
Nad8esseronons sédentaires=Santee.
Nadouessians, Nadouessies= Dakota.
Nadouessi-Maskoutens=Iowa.
Nadouessions, Nadouessiou, Nadotiessiouak, Na-
aoheemenee Nadouessious, Nadouessioux=Da-
ota.
Nadouessioux des prairies, Nadouessioux Maskou-
tens=lowa.
Nadouessis, Nadouessons, Nadouessoueronons, Na-
doussians, Nadoussieux, Nadoussioux, Nadouwe-
sis, Nadovesaves, Nadovessians= Dakota.
Nadowa= Huron.
Na-do-wagé, Nadowaig, Nadowas=Iroquois.
Na-do-wa-see-wug, Nadowasis, Nadowassis, Nado-
waysioux= Dakota.
Nadowé=Iroquois.
Nadowesee, Nadowesi, Nadowesioux, Nadowessi,
Nadowessiern, Nadowessies, Nado-wessiouex, Na-
dowessioux, Nadowesteaus= Dakota.
Na/dshir’ tii’/ei= Nachurituei.
Nadsnessiouck= Dakota.
Nadsonites= Nasoni.
Nadsoos, Nadsous= Nanatsoho.
Na/da‘li’=Natuhli.
Nadussians, Naduwessi, Nadvesiv=Dakota.
Naehiaok—Cree.
Naékin=Naikun.
Naékun k-éraua/i= Naikun-kegawai.
Naélim, Na-e’-lam=Nehalem.
Naembeck, Naemkeck, Naemkeek=Naumkeag.
Naemschatet=Namskaket.
Naé’/nasx'a=Naenshya.
Nae-oche=Naguchee.
Na-fhi-ap, Nafiad, Na-fi-ap, Nafiat, Nafihuide=
Sandia.
Nafoli=Eufaula.
Nagail, Nagailas Indians, Nagailer=Takulli.
Na’/gas=Nagus.
Nagateux=Naguatex.
Nagcodoche=Nacogdoches.
Na-geé-uk-tor-mé-ut, Naggiuktop-meut, Naggo-ook-
tor-me-oot=Nageuktormiut.
le a ae Naghikhlavigamute=Nakol-
avik.
Nag-miout=Nak.
Nagodoche, Nagogdoche= Nacogdoches.
Naguadacé, Naguateeres=Natchitoch.
Naguatez= Naguatex.
Nagunaba= Nagonabe.
Nagusi=Nacisi.
Nagu‘tsi’=Naguchee,
Nahacassi=Nacisi.
[B. A. B.
4
BULL. 30]
Nahajuey—Nahuey.
Nahamcok= Naumkeag.
Nah‘ane, Nahanés, Nahanies, Nahanies of the Up-
per Stikine=Tahltan.
Nahanis= Nahane.
Nahan-’né, Nahannie=Nahane.
Nahantick, Nahanticut= Niantic.
Nahanxudtane= Nahankhuotane.
Nahardakha= Nayuharuke.
Nahari=Nabiri.
Naharuke, Nahasuke=Nayuharuke.
Naha-~’tdinné= Etagottine.
Nahathaway=Cree.
Nahaunie, Nah-aw’-ny= Nahane.
Nah-bah-too-too-ee= Nabatutuei.
Nahchee= Natchez.
Nah-choo-rée-too-ee= Nachurituei.
Nahcoktaws=Nakoahtok.
Nahcotah=Dakota.
Nah-dah-waig=Iroquois.
Nahdawessy=Dakota.
Nahdooways= Iroquois.
Nahdowaseh= Dakota.
Nahdoways=Iroquois.
Na-he-ah-wuk=Sakawithiniwuk.
Naheawak=Cree.
Nahelem= Nehalem.
Naherook= Nayuharuke.
Nahhahwuk, Nahiawah=Cree.
Nahicans, Nahiganiouetch, Nahiganset, Nahiggan-
neucks, Nahiggonset, Nahiggonsick, Nahiggon-
sycks, Nahigonset, Nahigonsick= Narraganset.
Nahioak=Cree.
Nahiri=Nabiri.
Nahjo= Navaho.
Nah-keoock-to, Nah-keuch-to, Nah-knock-to, Nah-
kwoch-to= Nakoaktok.
Nah-ma-bin= Namabin.
Nah-moo-itk= Namoit.
Nahodiche= Nabedache.
Nahopani=Nakhopani.
Nahordikhe= Nabedache.
Nahotogy=Norwootuc.
Nahoudikhé= Nabedache.
Nalhpahpa=Nakhpakhpa.
Nah-park-lu-lik=Napaklulik.
Nah-poo-itle=Cathlapotle.
Nah-rah-bé-gek= Norumbega.
Nah-shah-shai= Hano.
Nahtooessies= Dakota.
Nahto-tin=Nataotin.
Nah-t’singh=Natesa.
Nahucke= Nayuharuke.
Nahudiques= Nabedache.
Nahum-keag= Naumkeag.
Nahwahta=Nakoaktok.
Nah-witte, Nahwittis=Nawiti.
Nahy=Natchez.
Nahyssans= Monahassano, Tutelo.
Naiack=Nyack.
Nai-a-gutl=Naagutl.
Nai-a-kook-wie= Nayakaukaue.
Naiantukq-ut=Niantic.
Naicha, Naichas=Neche.
Naichoas= Natchez.
Naieck=Nyack.
N’a/iEk=Naaik.
Naiemkeck=Naumkeag.
Naihantick—Niantic.
Nia’k; ewanqiX = Niakewankih.
Naikoon=Naikun.
Na-iku’n gé’/gawa-i= Naikun-kegawai.
Na-im-bai, Na-imbe, Na-i-mbi=Nambe.
Naintilic=Niantilik.
Na-isha Apache, Na-i-shan-dina= Kiowa Apache.
Nais percez= Amikwa.
Nai-te’-zi=Zuii.
Naitticke= Natick.
Na/izha’n=Lipan.
Naiz Percez= Amikwa.
Najack, Najeck, Najeek—Nyack.
Nakaidine, Nakaidine=Nakai.
Na-k’ ’al nas xa’ da-i=Nakalnas-hadai.
Nakasas=Nacisi.
Na-ka-si/-nin=Nakasinena.
Na-kas-le-tin=Nikozliautin.
Na/-kat-qai’ yinné=Nakatkhaitunne.
Nakawawa, Naka-we-wuk=Cree.
Nakazéteo-ten=Nikozliautin.
NAHAJUEY—NAMYOK
1097
Na-ka-ztli= Nakraztli.
Na-ka-ztli-tenne= Nikozliautin.
Naked Indians= Miami.
Naketoe’s, Naketosh, Nakitoches=Natchitoch.
Na/k-oartok= Nakoaktok.
Nako’dotch, Nakodo’tche, Nakohodétse=Nacogdo-
ches.
Nakoktaws=Nakoaktok.
Nak'‘o/mgyilisila=Nakomgilisala.
Na-ko-nies=Detsanayuka.
Nakonkirhirinous=Nameuilini.
Nakoontloon=Nakuntlun.
Nakoozétenne=Nikozliautin.
Na-ko-poz’/-na=Nikapashna.
Nakoshyé/ni= Nakoshkeni.
Nakota= Dakota.
Nakot!a/t=Necotat.
Nakotcho-Kuttchin, Na-kotchp6-ondjig-Kouttchin,
Nakotchpo-ondjig-Kuttchin= Nakotchokutchin.
Na-Kotchp6-tschig-Kouttchin= Kutchakutchin.
Nakoukouhirinous= Nakkawinininiwak.
Na-~’kra-ztli-’tenne=Nikozliautin.
Na’kraztti=Nakraztli.
Naks/-at= Mohave.
Naktche= Natchez.
Naki=Nakankoyo.
Nakudotche, Nakihédotch— Nacogdoches.
Na-kum=Nakankoyo.
Na-kutch-oo-un-jeeh, Na/-kitch-w/-in-juk ki’tchin=
Nakotchokutchin.
Na/-kit-qe’ yinné’= Nakatkhaitunne.
Nayiut-t’cu/-me=Nakwutthume,
Nakwahtoh, Nakwartog, Na’k!wax-datx,
kwok-to= Nakoaktok.
Nalal se moch=Natalsemoch.
Na’/‘lani=Comanche.
Na’la/ni= Kiowa.
Nalatchwaniak=Norridgewock.
Nalatos=Nulato.
Nalatsenoch= Natalsemoch.
Na/lekuitx= Nalekuitk.
Nalo-tin=Nulaantin.
Nal’-te-ne-me’ jinné, Nal’/tené yinné/=Naltunne-
tunne.
Naitu’ck-an=Nahltushkan.
Nalwetog=Norwootue.
Namaaskeag= Naumkeag.
Namabas=Nanibas.
Namakaus= Navaho.
Namanamin, Namananim=Kathlaminimin.
Namaoskeags= Amoskeag.
Namasakeeset= Mattakeset.
Namascet=Namasket.
Namaschaug=Amoskeag.
Namaschet, Namascheucks=Namasket.
Namaske= Amoskeag.
Namassachusett, Namassakett, Namassekett=Na-
masket.
Namatakeeset= Mattakeset.
Na-ma-we’-so-uk=Numawisowagi.
Namawinini= Nameuilini.
Namawisowagi=Numawisowagi.
Namba, Nambéhun=Nambe.
Nambeke= Naumkeag.
Nambi= Nambe.
Namcet=Nameaug.
Name’/= Nama.
Nameage= Nameaug.
Nameanilieu= Nameuilini.
Nameeag= Nameaug.
Namekeake= Amoskeag.
Nameock, Nameocke, Nameoke=Nameaug.
Name8ilinis= Nameuilini.
Naméug, Nameugg=Nameaug.
Namewilinis= Nameuilini.
Namgauck=Norridgewock.
Nami Te=Nambe.
Namkeake=Amoskeag, Naumkeag.
Namkeg= Naumkeag.
Nammiog= Nameaug.
Nam0o/itk= Namoit.
Namollos= Yuit.
Namowit=Namoit.
Nampé=Nambe.
Namset= Nauset.
Namskeket= Namskaket.
Nam-tainin=Num.
Namyok=Nameaug.
Na/’-
1098
Nanaa/ri= Nanyaayi.
Nanabine/na"= Nakasinena.
Nanacgéjis= Nanashthezhin.
Nanaganset=Narraganset.
Nanaguami=San Rafael.
Nanahas, Nanahaws= Navaho.
Nanaimuk, Nanainio= Nanaimo.
Nanasté/zin=Nanashthezhin.
Nanatan=Nonotuce.
Nana-tdéa= Nana.
Na/na-tlu’gin’/=Nanatlugunyi.
Nanatscho=Nanatsoho.
Na/na-tsu'gin’= Nanatlugunyi.
Na-na-wa-ni= Nanahuani.
Nancaushy Tine=Nikozliautin.
Nanch-agetan=Ankakehittan.
Nancokoueten= Nassauaketon.
Nancymond=Nansemond.
Nandacaho, Nandako, Nandakoes,
Nandaquies= Anadarko.
Nandawissees= Dakota.
Nandell’s village=Nandell.
Nandoesi, Nandoessies= Dakota.
Nandoquies= Anadarko.
Nand-o-wa-se, Nandowese, Nandowessies=Dakota.
Nandsamunds=Nansemond.,
Nandswesseis= Dakota.
Nandtaughtacund=Nantaughtacund.
Nanduye= Nanticoke.
Nanemonds=Nansemond.
Nan-gche-ari= Nanyaayi.
Nanhegans= Mohegan.
Nanheygansett, Nanhigansets, Nanhigganeuck, Nan-
higganset, Nanhiggansick, Nanhiggon, Nanhig-
gonset, Nanhiggonsicks, Nanhiggonticks, Nan-
higgs, Nanhigonset, Nanhigonsick, Nanhygansett,
Nanhygansit=Narraganset.
Naniabas=Nanibas.
Nanihiggonsicks=Narraganset.
Na/nita=Comanche,
Nanitch=Sanctch.
Nanitomen=Nonantum.
Nak’ haa"séine/na"= Nakasinena.
Nanne Hamgeh=A bikudshi.
Nanni=Nunni.
Nannogans, Nannogansetts=Narraganset.
Nannortalik=Nanortalik.
Nanoa=Maquinanoa.
Nanohigganeuks, Nanohigganset, Nanohiggunsets=
Narraganset.
Nanoni’ks-kare’/niki= Cheyenne.
Nanoos, Nanoose=Snonowas.
Na"pa"ta= Panhkawashtake.
Napa"ta énikaci/ya=Nanpantaenikashika.
Nan’pataqtsi=Panhkawashtake.
Nanrantsoak, Nanrantsouak, Nanrants8ak, Nan-
rantswacs, Nanrantswak=Norridgewock.
Nansamond, Nansamund=Nansemond.
Nanscud-dinneh= Naskotin.
Nanseman, Nansemun=Nansemond.
Nansi=Naansi.
Nansoak ouatons, Nansouaketon, Nansotia Kotons=
Nassauaketon.
Nantalee=Natunli.
Nantansowak=Norridgewock.
Nantaquack, Nantaquaes, Nantaquak—Nanticoke.
Nantautacund=Nantaughtacund, *
Na»-tdo’‘a=Nang.
Nantekokies= Nanticoke.
Nantegets, Nantequits=Niantic.
Nan-te-wé-ki=Seneca.
Nantakokies, Nantico, Nanticock, Nanticoes, Nan-
ticoks, Nanticooks=Nanticoke.
Nantigansick= Narraganset.
Nantihokes, Nantikokes, Nantikokies, Nantiocks,
Nantiokes, Nantiquacks, Nantiquaks= Nanticoke.
Nantiyallee=Nantahala.
Nantley Tine=Natliatin.
Nantoue= Mundua.
Nan-towa= Nang.
Nantowees, Nantowes =Iroquois.
Nan’jse waspe= Nanzewaspe.
Nantuckett, Nantucquet= Nantucket.
Nantue=Nanticoke.
Nantukes, Nantukett= Nantucket.
Nantunagunk=-Ontonagon.
Nantycokes= Nanticoke.
Nantygansick, Nantyggansiks=Narraganset.
Na-nua-li-q’mut, Na-nu’-a-luk’=Nanualikmut,
Nandaquees,
NANAA’RI—NARRATICONGS
[B. A. B,
Na wuine/na"= Nawunena.
Nanzaticos= Nansattico.
Naodiché, Naonediche= Nabedache.
Naotetains= Nataotin.
Naouadiché, Naoudiché, Naoudishe= Nabedache.
Naouchlagamut=Nauklak.
Naoudoouessis= Dakota.
Naouediche, Naouidiche, Naouydiches, Naovediché=
Nabedache.
Napaches=Napochies.
Napachiakachagamut=Napakiak.
Napahaiagamut, Napahaiagamute,
miut, Napahayagamute=Napakiak.
Napaimiut, Napaimute— Napali.
Napaiskagamut = Napaiskak.
Napao=Navaho.
Napaskeagamiut, Napaskiagamute=Napaiskak.
Napetuca= Napetaca.
Napeya, Na’pfé’ta=Sandia.
Napgitache, Napgitoches=Natchitoch.
Na-pi-ap=Sandia.
Napicnoca=Nanipacna.
Na-pi-hah=Sandia.
Napissipi=Nabisippi.
Napituca=Napetaca.
Naponsett=Neponset.
Napossa=Napissa.
Nappa-arktok-towock= Nageuktormiut.
Nappikomack= Nappeckamak.
Napuat=Carrizo.
Napyosa, Napyssas=Napissa.
Na q!a’las xa’da-i= Nakalas-hadai.
Naaq¢eit ‘a-baji, Naq¢e-it ‘aji=Nonhdeitazhi.
Monee ane Noch ieee Sindeagdhe.
Na q!ée/dats xa/da-i= Nakeduts-hadai.
Na-qi/-tin tan’/né= Nakhituntunne.
Naqkyina=Lakweip.
Naqoa/ix=Nakoaik.
Na/q’oaqt6q, Naqoartoq= Nakoaktok.
Nagqo’/mgilisala, Naqgomqilis=Nakomgilisala,
Na qons xa/da-i= Nakons-hadai.
Nagopani=Nakhopani.
Na/-qo-tea tinné= Nakhochatunne,
Naqotod¢a ayadi= Nakhotodhaanyadi,
Naqpaqpa=Nakhpakhpa.
Naquetank= Wechquetank.
Naquitoches=Natchitoch.
Naquizcoza=Nacogdoche.
Naragancetts, Naraganset, Naragansicks, Nara-
ghenses=Narraganset.
Naragooe=Norridgewock.
Narakamig8=Rocameca.
Narako’s= Anadarko.
Naranchouak, Naranchouek, Narangawock, Na-
rangawook=Norridgewock.
Narankamigdok epitsik arenanbak=Abnaki.
Naransett= Narraganset.
Narantsoak, Narants8ak, Narantsouans, Narant-
s8uk, Narantswouak=Norridgewock.
Nar-a-tah=Comanche.
Naratekons=Naraticon.
Narautsouak, Narauwings=Norridgewock.
Narcotah= Dakota.
Nardichia= Kiowa Apache.
Naregansets=Narraganset.
Napahayaga-
_Narent Chouan, Narentch8an=Norridgewock.
Nar-go/-des-giz’-zen= Akonye.
Narhigansets, Narhiggansetts, Narhiggon=Narra-
ganset.
Napi-an-ottiné= Nahane.
Naricanset= Narraganset.
Naricon= Naraticon.
Naridgewalk, Naridgwalk—=Norridgewock.
Narigansets, Narigansette, Nariganssets, Narigen-
set, Nariggansets, Narighansets—Narihgansets=
Narraganset.
Naris=Nariz.
Narises= Narices.
Nar-kock-tau= Nakoaktok.
Nar-ode-sé-sin= Natootzuzn.
Narogansetts, Narohigansets= Narraganset.
Narponset= Neponset.
Narrackomagog= Rocameca. ‘
Narragancett, Narragangsett, Narraganses, Narra-
gansett, Narraghansets=Narraganset.
Narrahamegock, Narrakamegock= Rocameca.
Narrangansett= Narraganset.
Narraticongs, Narraticonse, Narratikonck=Nara-
ticon,
BULL. 30]
Narregansets, Narrhagansitt, Narricanses=Narra-
ganset.
Narridgwalk, Narridgwock= Norridgewock.
Narrigansets, Narrigonset=Narraganset.
Nar-rit-i-congs= Naraticon.
‘Narrogansets, Narrohigansets, Narrohiggansets,
Narrohiggenset, Narrohiggin, Narrohiggonsets,
Narrowbiggonsets, Narrowgancett, Narrowgan-
neuchs, Narrowganneucks, Narrow Ganset, Nar-
rowganssits, Narrowganzet, Narrow-Higansetts,
Narrow Higgansents=Narraganset.
Narsak=Narsuk.
Narsh-tiz-a= Pima, Zufi.
Nar-wah-ro= Delaware.
Narwootuck= Norwootue.
Narygansetts= Narraganset.
Na. Sa. (For all references beginning with either
of these abbreviations, see Nuestra Sejiora. )
Na s’a’gas qa’edra= Nasagas-haidagai.
Nas-ah-mah= Nasumi.
Nasahossez= Nacogdoches.
Nasal=Nisal.
Nasamonds= Nansemond.
Nasas=Nazas. '
Na s'a’yas qa’etqa= Nasagas-haidagai.
Nascah, Nascars=Niska.
Nascha=Neche.
Nascopi, Nascopie=Nascapee.
Nascotin, Nascud, Nascud Denee, Nascud Den-
nies= Naskotin.
Nascupi=Nascapee.
Ne Senora del Socorro=Socorro del Sur.
Nashaue, Nashaway, Nashawog, Nashawogg—
Nashua.
Nashédosh, Nashi’tosh=Natchitoch.
Nashkali dinné= Mescealeros.
Nashkoten= Naskotin.
Nashlizhé=Zuii.
Nashoba= Nashola.
Nasholah=Nashobah.
Nashocopawaya=Nashwaiya.
Nashope= Nashobah.
oe Nashouohkamuk= Nashanekam-
muck.
Nashoway= Nashua.
Nashoweya=Nashwaiya.
Nash tei’se=Pima.
Nashtézhé=Zuii.
Nashuakemmiuk=Nashanekammuck.
Nashuays, Nashuway, Nashuyas=Nashua.
Na-si-ap=Sandia.
Nasitt=Nauset.
Nasitti=Natchitoch.
Naskantlines=Halaut.
Naskapis, Naskapit=Nascapee.
Naskoaten, Nas-koo-tain=Naskotin.
Naskopie, Naskopis, Naskupis=Nascapee.
Na-sku-tenne=Naskotin.
Nas-o-mah, Nason=Nasumi.
Nasone, Nasony, Nasoris, Nasoui=Nasoni.
Naspapees= Nascapee.
Naspatl, Naspatle, Naspatte—Chaicclesaht.
Nasqa=Niska.
Nasqually=Nisqualli.
Nasquapees, Nasquapicks=Nascapee.
Nasrad-Denee= Naskotin.
Nass=Chimmesyan Family, Niska.
Nassamonds=Nansemond.
Nassaquakes=Nesaquake.
Nassaque=Negusset.
Nassauakuetoun=Nassauaketon.
Nassawach= Nashua.
Nassawaketon=Nassauaketon.
Nasse=Chimmesyan Family.
Nasshaway= Nashua.
Nassitoches= Natchitoch.
Nassomtes, Nassoni, Nassonians, Nassonit, Nasso-
nites=Nasoni.
Nas-sou= Nasumi.
Nassoway= Nashua.
Nastic=Nostic.
Nasto’ qé’gawa-i= Nasto-kegawai.
Nas-ti’-kin-me’ yinné= Nestucca.
Nasuia kwe= Ute.
Nasya’=Niska.
Na’taa’=Comanche.
Nataché=Natasi.
Natacooks=Souhegan.
NARREGANSETS—NATION OF THE OTTER
1099
Natafé, Natagees, Natages=Kiowa Apache.
Natahauriz=Nitahauritz.
Natahé’, Natahi/n=Mescaleros.
Nata-hinde=Nataini.
Natajees, Natajes, Natale=Kiowa Apache.
Na-tal-kuz= Lathakrezla.
Na-ta/"=Konglo.
Na-ta/-né= Mescaleros.
Natano=Hupa.
Natao=Adai.
Nataotin Tine=Nataotin.
Na/-ta-rxi’-li-i/ yinné’= Natarghiliitunne.
Nataskouan=Natashquan.,
Natassi=Natasi.
Na-taw-tin= Nataotin.
Na-tcé tiinné=Takelma.
Natche= Natchez.
Natcheek=Nuchek. »
Natchees= Natchez.
Natché-Kutchin=Natsitkutchin.
Natches, Natchese= Natchez.
Natchetes=Natchitoch.
Natchets=Natchez.
Natchidosh, Natchiloches, Natchites, Natchitoches,
etua teenie Natchitotches, Natchittos=Natchi-
toch.
Natchon=Tulkepaia.
Natchoos=Nanatsoho.
Natchou=Tulkepaia.
Natchw’ri-ti’ei= Nachurituci.
Na’ tci-tce’= Nachiche.
Natcotetains=Ntshaautin.
Na-tcté- yinné=Takelma.
Na-teul’-tiin, Na-tciitel’ yinné’—Natutshltun.
Na-t’cu yunnée’=Natthutunne.
Na-tdo’a=Nang.
Nateekenskoi= Nateekin.
Nate’-l’i’-ate téne’= Natarghiliitunne.
Natenéhima, Nat-e-né-hin-a= Dakota.
Nate-ote-tains= Nataotin.
Nathannas= Nahane.
Nathehwy-withinyoowuc, Nathé-wywithin-yu=
Cree.
Nathoso, Nathsoos=Nanatsoho.
Naticks= Niantic.
Natics= Natick.
Natieka, Natiekinskoe=Nateekin.
Natik=Natick. ry
Natilantin=Natliatin.
Natilivik=Netlek.
Natio Euporum, Natio Luporum=Loup.,
Nation d’ Atironta=Arendahronons.
Nation de Bois= Missisauga, Ottawa.
Nation de Fourche=Nassauaketon.
Nation de Iroguet=Ononchataronon.
Nation de la Folle Avoine= Menominee.
Nation de la Grué=Pepicokia.
Nation de la Loutre=Nikikouek.
Nation de la Montagne=Onondaga, Seneca.
Nation de la Roche=Arendahronons.
Nation de l’Isle= Kichesipirini.
Nation de l’Ours=Attignawantan.
Nation de Mer= Winnebago.
Nation de Petum=Tionontati.
Nation des Chats= Erie.
Nation des Loutres= Amikwa.
Nation des Monts pelez— Monts Pelés.
Nation des Ours=Attignawantan.
Nation des Pierres= A yoyelles.
Nation des Porc epics= Kakouchaki.
Nation des Sorciers= Nipissing.
Nation du boeuf=Santee.
Nation du Castor=Amikwa.
Nation du Chat=—Erie.
Nation du Chien=Cherokee, Ofogoula.
Nation du Feu= Mascoutens.
Nation du Grand-Rat=—Cree.
Nation du petum=Tionontati.
Nation du Porc-Epics=Piekouagami.
Nation du Rocher= Arendahronons.
Nation Neuht= Neutrals.
Nation of Bread= Pascagoula.
Nation of Fire=Mascoutens.
Nation of Stinkers= Winnebago.
Nation of the Beaver=Amikwa.
Nation of the Dog=Ofogoula.
Nation of the great Water= Assiniboin.
Nation of the Marshes= Monsoni.
Nation of the Otter=Nikikouek.
1100
Nation of the Porcupine=Kakouchaki.
Nation of the Rocks=Avoyelles.
Nation of the Snake=Shoshoni.
Nation of the Willows=Havasupai.
Nation of Tobacco=Tionontati.
Natio perticarum=Conestoga.
Natique= Natick.
Natividad Navajoa=Navojoa.
Natividad Pitiqui= Pitic.
Natle=Natleh.
Natleh-hwo’tenne=Natliatin.
Natlé-tpa-Gottine= Kawchogottine.
Natliautin, Natlo’tenne=Natliatin.
Natni, Natnihina= Dakota.
Na/-to=Sa.
Natoonata=Nutunutu.
Natorase=Natora.
Natotin Tiné, Na-to-utenne=Nataotin.
Na/towéwok= Nottoway.
Na-to-wo-na= Dakota.
N’atgélpte/tenk=Natkelptetenk.
Na-t’qlo’ zinné=Natthutunne.
Nat-qwin’-tce=Natkhwunche.
Natrias=Nutria.
Natsagana=Abnaki.
Nat-sah-i= Natesa.
Na‘ts-asan’/tlinyi=Pine Log.
Natschitos=Natchitoch.
Na-tsik-ku-chin, Natsik-kitchin=Natsitkutchin.
Natsilik— Netchilirmiut.
Nat-singh=Natesa.
Natsitoches=Natchitoch.
Neracbecks Natsohok, Natsohos, Natsoos=Nanat-
soho.
Natsshostanno=Natchitoch. :
Néa-tsticl-ta’ tanné’/= Natsushltatunne.
Natsytos=Natchitoch.
Nattechez= Natchez.
Nattick= Natick.
Nattse-kouttchin=Tukkuthkutchin.
Nattukkog=Souhegan.
Natuagi=Ilroquois.
Natuck= Natick.
Natuesse, Natuessuag= Dakota.
Natuikinsk=Nateekin.
Natulaten=Notaloten.
Natykinskoe, Natykinskoje= Nateekin.
Nauajo, Nauajoa—Navaho.
Nau-chee= Natchez.
Naudacho= Anadarko.
Naudawissees, Naudewessioux, Naudoessi= Dakota.
Nau-do-ques= Anadarko.
Naudouescioux, Naudotessi, Naudouisioux, Nau-
douisses, Naudouwessies= Dakota.
Naud-o-waig= Iroquois.
Naud-o-wa-se-wug, Naudowasses= Dakota.
Naudoways= Iroquois.
Naudowesies, Naudowesse, Naudowesseeg, Naudo-
wessi, Naudowessies, Naudowissies= Dakota.
Naudtaughtacund= Nantaughtacund.
Naudussi, Nauduwassies= Dakota.
Nauéte=Nawiti.
Naugdoche= Nacogdoches.
Naugvik= Paugwik.
Naumkeak, Naumkeck, Naumkeek, Naumkek,
Naumkuk=Naumkeag.
Naumskachett=Namskaket.
Nauné, Na-u-ni=Comanche.
Naurantsotak, Naurautsoak, Naurautsouak=Nor-
ridgewock.
Nausamund=Nansemond.
Nauscud Dennies= Naskotin.
Nauseag= Negusset.
Naushawag= Nashua.
Nausit, Nausites=Nauset.
Na-ussins= Navasink.
Nautaquake= Nanticoke.
Nautaughtacunds=Nantaughtacund.
Nauticokes= Nanticoke.
Nau-tle-a-tin=Natliatin.
Nautowaig, Nautowas, Nautoway=Iroquois.
Nauvogalokhlagamute, Nauwogalokhlagamute =
Nanvogaloklagak.
Navadacho= Nabedache.
Navago= Navaho.
Navahéa=Nayojoa.
Navahe, Navajai, Navajhoes, Navajo, Navajoas,
Navajoes, Navajoos, Navajoses= Navaho.
Navakwi=Navawi.
NATION OF THE PORCUPINE—NECAIT
[B. A. B.
Navaoso= Navaho.
Navecinx=Navasink.
Navedacho= Nabedache.
Navejo= Navaho.
Navekwi=Navawi.
Navenacho= Nabedache.
Navesand, Navesinck, Navesinks= Navasink.
Navést-pai= Havasupai.
Navidacho= Nabedache.
Navidad de Nuestra Senora=Chilili.
Navidgwock= Norridgewock.
Wavijoes, Navijos= Navaho.
WNavisinks, Navison= Navasink.
Naviti=Nabiri.
Navoasos= Navaho.
Navogame, Navogeri= Nabogame.
Navohoua= Navojoa.
Navone=Lipan.
Nawadishe=Nabedache.
Nawas=Nawaas.
Nawathi/néha= Nawunena.
Nawdowessie, Nawdowissnees= Dakota.
Na-wee-tee= Nawiti.
Nawes=Nawaas.
Naw-moo-it=Namoit.
Nawsel, Nawset, Nawsits=Nauset.
Na-wuth-i-ni-han=Nawunena.
Na xawa’s xa/da-i= Nahawas-hadai.
Naxna/xula=Naknahula.
Nayuaiy=Nakoaik.
Nayack=Nyack.
Nayaerita—Cora.
Nayajuaca= Mayajuaca.
Nayakxalcix=Nayakkhachikh.
Nayantacott, Nayantakick, Nayantakoogs, Nayan-
taquist, Nayantaquit, Nayantiaquct, Nayanticke,
Nayanticks, Nayantiks, Nayantuk, Nayantu-
quiqt, Nayantuquit= Niantic.
Naya’qctaowe= Neahkstow.
Nayari, Nayarita, Nayariti=Cora.
Naybé, Naybi=Oraibi.
Nayeck=Nyack.
Nayhantick, Nayhautick— Niantic.
Nayhiggonsiks= Narraganset.
Nayowee=Nayuhi.
Naytasses=Natasi.
Na yu/ans qa’edra, Na yu’ans qa’/etqa—Nayuuns-
haidagai.
Naywaunaukau-raunuh= Missisauga.
Nazacahoz=Natchitoch.
Nazadachotzi= Nacogdoche.
Nazaganset= Narraganset.
Nazanne=Comanche.
Nazatica= Nussamek.
Nazeteoten=Ntshaautin.
Nazone= Nasoni.
Nazpercies= Nez Percés.
Naz-te’-tci-me’ yunné=Nestachee.
Naz-te’-zi= Zuni.
Naz-tik’-e-me’ yinné=Nestucea.
N’cai’tc, N’cal’tc=Nthaich.
N’cék’p’t=Nesikeep.
N’cickt= Nsisket.
Ndakotahs= Dakota.
Ndakun-dadéhe= Karankawa.
Ndatahe’ = Mescaleros.
Ndaton8atendi= Potawatomi.
N’day=Apache.
N. D. de Querca=Quarai.
N. D. du Secour=Socorro.
N’De=Apache.
Ndu-tch6-ottinne= Etcheridiegottine.
Ne-ah-coxie= Neacoxy.
Neahkewankih= Neahkowin.
Ne-ah-ko-koi= Nayakaukaue.
Neahkowin=Niakewankih.
Neah Waatch=Neeah.
Neamitch=Dwamish.
Neantick, Neanticot, Neanticutt, Neantucke=Ni-
antic.
Neaquiltough=Lekwiltok.
Neashawanak= Newichawanoc.
Né-a-ya-og’=Chippewa.
Nebadache= Nabedache.
Nebagindibe=Salish.
Nebedache= Nabedache.
Nebicerini= Nipissing.
Nebome=Nevome.
Necait=Niciat.
BULL. 30]
Necaragee, Necariages=Amikwa.
Ner’c’asath=Neshasath.
Necceaquake= Nesaquake.
Neccope=Skopamish.
Necha=Neche.
Nechacohee, Nechacokee= Nechacokee.
Nechao-tin=Ntshaautin.
Nechas=Neche.
Nechecolee= Nechacokee.
Nechegansett= Pennacook.
Nechegansitt= Narraganset.
Nechjilli=Netchilirmiut.
Ne-ci’-he-nen-a= Kiowa.
Necketo, Necketoo= Kutauwa.
Neck Locust= Locust Necktown.
Neckpercie= Nez Percés.
Necomanchee= Nickomin.
Ne-com-ap-oe-lox=Spokan.
Neconbavistes= Nekoubaniste.
Ne-co-ni-ac, Ne Coniacks=Cooniac.
Ne coon=Naikun.
Necosts=Nacotchtank.
Necta=Neshta.
Ne-cul-ta=Lekwiltok.
Neé’dan xa/da-i= Neden-hadai.
Nedouessaus= Dakota.
Neds-percez=Amikwa, Ottawa.
Neeah=Neah.
Ne-e-ar-gu-ye, Ne-e-ar-guy’-ee= Neagwaih.
Nee-caw-wee-gee= Neecoweegee (band),
Neecelowes, Neecelows=Neeslous.
Needle Hearts=Skitswish.
Ne’ekalit, Ne’ekan=Nabukak.
Neekeetoo, Neeketoos=Kutauwa.
Ne-e-no-il-no= Montagnais.
Neepemut=Nipmuce.
Neepercil= Nez Percés.
Neepmucks, Neepnet=Nipmuc.
Ne-er-che-ki-oo, Neerchokioo= Neerchokioon.
Neersaquake= Nesaquake.
Nee-wam-ish= Dwamish.
Negaouich, Negaouichirinouek = Negaouichirini-
ouek.
Ne-ga-tcé=Chippewa.
Negheariages, Neghkareage, Neghkereages=Ami-
kwa.
Neguadoch=Natchitoch.
Neguascag, Neguaseag, Neguasseag, Neguasset=
Negusset.
Neguia Dinais=Ntshaautin.
Nehalems, Nehalim, Nehalins= Nehalem.
Nehanes, Nehanies, Nehannees=Nahane.
Nehannes=Ahtena, Nahane.
Nehanni=Nahane.
Nehanticks= Niantic.
Neharontoquoah= Oneida.
Nehaunay=Nahane.
Nehaunees=Athtena, Nahane, Tutchonekutchin,
Nehaunees of the Chilkaht River=Takutine.
Ne-haw-re-tah-go-wah= Oneida.
Nehe Marthla’s Town=Neamathla.
Ne-heth-a-wa, Nehethe’-wuk, Nehethowuck, Ne-
hethwa=Cree.
Nehiroirini= Montagnais.
Nehiyaw, Nehiyawok=Cree.
Nehkereages= Amik wa.
Nehogatawonaher= Nehogatawonahs.
Nehum-kek= Naumkeag.
Neideniba, Neidenivas= Naideni.
N’e/itk=Naaik.
Ne-i/lem=Nehalem.
Neine Katléne= A htena.
Neipnett=Nipmuc.
Neita=Neche.
Neitchilles, Neitschillik> Netchilirmiut.
Nekaa’tko= Nukaatko.
Nek-’’a’/men=Nicomen.
Nekaslay, Nekaslayan, Nekasly=Nikoziiautin.
Ne-kat-sap=Nkattsim.
Nekekowannock= Newichawanoc.
Neklakapamuk, Neklakussamuk=Ntlakyapamuk.
Né-kon hadé=Naikun.
Nekuaiy =Cathlanahquiah.
Ne-kum’-ke-lis-la=Nakomgilisala.
Nekwun Kuwé=Naikun-kegawai.
Nelcelchumnees= Nelcelchumnee.
Neloubanistes= Nekoubaniste.
Neltu’schk’-an=Nahltushkan.
Né/ma=Nemah.
NECARAGEE—NETSCHILLUK INNUIT
1101
Né/maLnomax= Multnomah.
Nemascut, Nemasket=Namasket.
Nemausin, Neme‘né=Comanche.
Ne/mé-re’yka= Tonkawa.
*NE/mgés=Nimkish.
Ne-mil-ches=Wimilchi.
Nemiseau=Comanche.
NeE’/mk‘ic=Nimkish.
Nemonsin, Nemosen,
manche.
Ne/mqic, Némqisch= Nimkish,
Nemshan, Nemshaw, Nemshoos, Nemshous=Nim-
sewi.
Nénachtach=Tenaktak.
Nenawehks, Nenawewhk, Nena Wewhok=Cree.
Ne’nélk:’énodx=Nenelkyenok.
Neneme‘kiwagi= Nanamakewuk.
Nenénot=Nascapee.
Nennortalik= Nanortalik.
Nenpersaas= Nez Percés.
Nenstins= Ninstints.
Nentégo= Nanticoke.
Nentegowi, Nentico= Nanticoke.
Nenuswisowagi=Nanussussouk.
Ne-o-ge-he, Neojehe= Missouri.
Neosho-Senecas= Mingo.
Ne-o-ta-cha= Missouri.
Neotetains=Ntshaautin.
Nepa=Snapa.
Nepahkomuk=Nappeckamak.
Nepeelium= Nespelim.
Nepegigouit=Nipigiguit.
Nepe’kuten=Napakutak.
Nepercy=Nez Percés.
Neperinks= Nipissing.
Ne persa=Iowa.
Nepesangs, Nepesinks, Nepessins= Nipissing.
Nepgitoches=Natchitoch.
Nepicerinis, Nepicinquis, Nepicirenians, Nepicirini-
ens, Nepiscenicens, Nepiseriniens, Nepisin, Nepi-
singuis, Nepisirini, Nepisseniniens, Nepissens,
Nepisseriens, Nepisseriniens, Nepissings, Nepissin-
gues, Népissiniens, Nepissiriens, Nepissiriniens—
Nipissing.
Nepmets, Nep mock, Nepnet=Nipmuc.
Neponcett, Neponsitt=Neponset.
NeEqa/umin=Nikaomin.
Neragonsitt= Narraganset.
Nerdlarin=Navialik.
Neridgewalk, Neridgewok, Neridgiwack, Neridg-
wock, Neridgwook, Nerigwok=Norridgewock.
Ner-mon-sin-nan-see= Nawunena.
Nerot=Noot.
Ner Percees=Nez Percés.
Nerridgawock, Nerridgewock=Norridgewock.
Nesaquack, Nesaquak, Nesaquanke= Nesaquake.
Nescope=Skopamish.
Neselitch=Siletz.
Neshamani, Neshaminas, Neshamines, Neshami-
nies=Neshamini.
Nosietcah=Nesietsha.
Nes-i-kip= Nesikeep.
Neskainlith=Halaut.
Neskaupe=Nascapee.
Nesonee= Asahani.
Nespectums, Nes-pee-lum=Nespelim.
Nes Perces=Nez Percés.
Nespilim=Nespelim.
Nespods=Chaicclesaht.
Noas’qollak= Neskollek.
Nesquallis, Nesqually=Nisqualli.
Nessawakamighé=Saint Francis.
Nessequack, Nessequauke=Nesaquake.
Nestackee, Nestockies, Nestucalips, Nestucals,
Nestuccas, Nestucka, Nestuckah, Nestuckers,
Nestuckias=Nestucca.
Nesykep=Nesikeep.
Ne-ta’-ka-ski-tsi-pap’-iks= Nitakoskitsipupiks.
Netches= Natchez.
Netchillik= Netchilik, Netchilirmiut.
Netchillik Eskimo, Netchillirmiut=Netchilirmiut.
Netchiolumi, Netchiolumy=Netlek.
Netcimut’asath=Nechimuasath.
Netelik=Netlek,
Netid!iwi=Netchilirmiut, Netlek.
Netiulime, Netiulumi, Netlik—Netlek.
Netschilluk Innuit=Netchilirmiut.
Ne-mo-sin, Nemousin=Co-
1102
Netsepoyé=Siksika.
Netsilley=Etchaottine.
Net-tee-lik= Netchilirmiut.
Nettinat=Nitinat.
Neu-chad-lits, Neuchalits, Neuchallet=Nuchatlitz.
Ne-u-cha-ta= Missouri.
Neuk-sacks= Nooksak.
Neukwers=Nuchwugh.
Ne-u-lub-vig=Neutubvig.
Neum, Ne/-uma, Né/-ume=Comanche.
Neumkeage=Naumkeag.
Neuses, Neus Indians=Neusiok.
Neustra Senora de Belem=Belen.
Ne-u-tach, Neu-ta-che= Missouri.
Neuter Nation, Neuters, Neutral Nation, Neutre
Nation= Neutrals.
Neutrias=Nutria.
Neutrios= Neutrals.
Neuusiooc=Neusiok.
Neuwesink=Navasink.
Neu-wit-ties=Nawiti.
Nevachos= Nabedache.
Nevadas= Yupu.
Nevadizoes= Nabedache.
Nevajoes= Navaho.
Neversincks, Neversinghs, Neversink, Nevesin,
Nevesinck, Nevesings, Nevesinks=Navyasink.
Nevichumnes= Newichumni.
Nevisans= Navasink.
Newashe=Nawaas.
Newasol pakawai=Pakawa.
Newasons= Navyasink.
Newatchumne= Newichumni.
Newatees=Nawiti.
Newboyant=Nuvujen.
Newcalenous= Wea.
New Camero Town= Newcomerstown.
Newchawanick= Newichawanoc.
Newchowwe=Nuchawayi.
New civilized band= Farmers’ band.
New/-dar-cha= Missouri.
Neweetee, Neweetg=Nawiti.
Newesinghs, Newesink=Navasink.
Newettee= Nawiti.
Newgeawanacke, Newgewanacke= Newichawanoc.
New Gold Harbour Village=Haena.
New Gummi Lurk=Nugumiut.
New-haw-teh-tah-go— Oneida.
New Hernhut=Ny Herrnhut.
Newi-cargut=Nowi.
Newichawanick, Newichawannicke, Newichawan-
nock, Newichawanocks, Newichewannock, New-
ichuwenoq, Newichwanicke, Newichwannock,
Newickawanacks=Newichawanoc. .
Newikargut=Nowi.
Newitlies, Newittees, Newitti=Nawiti.
New Keowee= Keowee.
New Kitzilas=Kitzilas.
New Morzhovoi= Morzhovoi.
New-o0/-ah= Kawaiisu.
New River=Chimalakwe.
New River Indians=Comeya.
New Salem= Pequottink.
New Sevilla=Sevilleta.
Newton= Newtown.
New Ulukuk=Iegtigalik.
New Westminster=Skaiametl.
New Yamacra= Yamacraw.
New Yarcau, New-Yaucas, New-yau-cau, New Yauco,
Neu-yau-kau, New York, New Youcka=Niuyaka.
Nexa/di= Nehadi.
Nextucas= Nestucca.
Nexume/ntc=Nickomin.
Neyantick= Niantic.
Neyetse-kutchi, Neyetse-Kutchin, Neyetse-Kutshi=
Natsitkutchin.
Neyick=Nyack.
Neyiskat=Nsisket.
Neyuning-Eit-dia=Neiuningaitua.
Ne-yu-ta-ca= Missouri.
Nezierces, Nez Percé Flat-Heads=Nez Percés.
Nez Perce Kayuses=Cayuse.
Nez-Perces= Amikwa.
Nez Percez= Amikwa, Nez Percés.
Nezpercies, Nezperees, Nez Perse, Nezpesie, Ne
Pierces=Nez Percés.
Nez-quales, Nez qually=Nisqualli.
Neztrucca, Neztucca—Nestucca,
NETSEPOYE—NIKW’SI’
’ [B. A. B,
Neganudéne =Oldtown.
Nhikana= Mahican.
N-hla-kapm-uh=Ntlakyapamuk,.
N’homi’/n= Nehowmean.
N’ hothotko’/as= Huthutkawedl.
Nhumeen=Nehowmean.
Niabaha=Kiabaha.
Ni-ack=Naaik.
Ni-a-kow-kow=Nayakaukaue.
Nia’/ktiqupeneke=Quelaptoulilt.
Niantaquit, Niantecutt, Nianticut,
Niantic.
Niantilic=Niantilik.
Niantique, Niantucuts=Niantic.
Niaqonaujang=Niakonaujang.
Nia/rhari’s-kirikiwa/shiski= Arapaho.
Nia/xaqce=Neacoxy.
Nibenets=Nipmuc.
Nibissiriniens= Nipissing.
Ni-ca-o-min=Nikaomin.
Nicariages, Nicariagua=Amikwa.
Nicaugna= Nacaugna.
Nic-com-sin= Nkamchin.
Ni/chihiné’/na= Kiowa.
Nichoras=Nixora.
Ni’ciatl=Seechelt.
Nickariageys= Amikwa.
Nick-el-palm=Ntlippaem.
Ni/-ckite hitclim=Dakubetede.
Nicoamen, Nicoamin= Nicomen.
Nicochi= Nichochi.
Nicohés= Dooesedoowe.
Nicojack=Nickajack.
Nicola=Nkamchin, Zoht.
Nicola (Upper) =Spahamin,
Nicolai’s village=Skolai.
Nicola Mouth=Nkamchin.
Nicomen, Nicomin=Nikaomin.
Nicondiché= Nacaniche.
Nicouta-meens, Nicouta-much=Ntlakyapamuk.
Nicpapa= Hunkpapa.
Ni/-ctu-we-yil/-stic-tin=Nishtuwekulsushtun.
Nicudje= Missouri.
Niculuita= Wishram.
Nicute-much=Ntlakyapamuk.
Nie-chum-nes= Wikchamni.
Niéntkén= Brotherton.
Niere’/rikwats-kiniki= Cheyenne.
Nieskakh-itina=Unalaska.
Nieuesinck, Nieuwesinck= Navasink,
Niforas, Nifores=Nixora.
Nig-a-lek= Nigaluk.
Nige-tanka=Nighetanka.
Nigh tan=Nightasis.
Nigh tasis=Kung.
Nigik= Nikikouek.
Nigiklik-miout=Nigiklik.
Nigoras=Nixora.
Nigouaouichirinik— Negaouichiriniouek.
Nihaloitih=Tlakluit.
Nihantick= Niantic.
Nih/-a-o-¢il’-a-is=Oohenonpa.
Niharuntaquoa, Nihatiloendagowa=Oneida.
Ni-he-ta-te-tup’-i-o— Kalispel.
Ni/yka wakan’jayi’/=Kdhun.
Nihouhins=Atka.
Nijaos= Nacau.
Nijor, Nijoras, Nijores, Nijotes=Nixora. ;
Ni‘ka=Nekah.
Nikaas=Nestucca.
Ni-kai’-a=Nkya.
Nika-da-ona= Nikapashna
Nikas=Nestucca.
Nikhak=Nikhkak.
Nikhtagmut=Niktak.
Nikhi-khuin=Atka.
Nikic= Noquet.
Nikicouek=Nikikouek.
Nikie= Noquet.
Nikikoues=Nikikouek.
Nikolai=Skolai.
Late iehag Be Nikolaief.
Nikolskoje, Nikolsky=Nikolski.
Nikozliantin= Nikozliautin.
Nikutseg’, Nikutse’/gi=Nickajack.
Ni’/kwasi= Nucassee.
Nikwatse’gi= Nickajack.
Nikw’si’= Nucassee,
Niantigs=
BULL. 30]
Nilakskni maklaks=Nilakshi.
Nilaque=Big-island.
Nilco=Anilco.
Niménim=Comanche.
Nimetapal=Nimitapal.
Niméte’ka=Tonkawa.
Nimikh’-hin’=Atka.
Nimilolo=Nimoyoyo.
Ni-mi-ou-sin=Comanche.
Nimipu=Nez Percés.
Nimkeesh, Nimkis= Nimkish.
Nimollollo=Nimoyoyo.
Nimpkish=Nimkish.
Nim’-shu, Nim-sirs, Nimskews, Nim-sus=Nimsewi.
Nitam=Comanche.
Ninantics= Niantic.
Nindahe=Tidendaye.
Ninimu=Ninumu.
Ninniwas=Chippewa.
Ninny-pask-ulgees=Ninnipaskulgee.
Ninstance, Ninstence=Ninstints.
Ninstints people=Gunghet-haidagai.
Ninvaug=Ninvok.
Niojoras= Nixora.
Niouetians=Nawiti.
Nipan—Lipan.
Nip-a-qua-ugs=Nesaquake.
Nipeceriniens= Nipissing.
Nipegons= Winnebago.
Nipercineans, Nipicirinien, Nipisierinij—Nipissing.
Nipisiguit=Nipigiguit.
Nipisings, Nipisingues, Nipisinks,
Nipissing.
Nipissa= A colapissa.
Nipissingues, Nipissins, Nipissiriniens, Nipissiri-
niooek, Nipistingues= Nipissing.
Te, Nipmucks, Nipmug, Nipmuk, Nipnet,
ipnett=Nipmuc.
Nippegon= Winnebago.
Nippsingues, Nipsang=Nipissing.
Ni-q¢i’-ta"-wa., Niqdhi ta°wa"= Nikhdhitanwan.
Nique=Nigas.
Ni’ris-hari’s-ki/riki= Kadohadacho.
Niscotins= Naskotin.
Nishamines= Neshamini.
Nishgar, Nishka=Niska.
Nishmumta—=Tsimshian.
Nishrams=Tlakluit.
Nisigas Haadé=Nasagas-haidagai.
Nisinckqueghacky=Nesaquake.
Nis-ione= Nasoni.
Nis-kah=Niska.
Niskahnuith, Niskainlith—Halaut.
Niskap=Skopamish.
Niskwali=Nisqualli.
Niskwalli=Nisqualli, Salishan Family.
Nisqualies, Nisqually=Nisqualli.
Nissaquague, Nissaquogue= Nesaquake.
Nis-se-non=Nishinam.
Nissequake, pore nena Nee aes.
Nissione, Nissohone, Nissoon, Nissoone=Nasoni.
Nistigione=Canastigaone.
Nistoki Ampafa amim=Nestucca.
Nisucap=Nesikeep.
Nitahaurithz=Nitahauritz.
Nitakh=Nitak.
Nitches= Natchez.
Nitcheta= Wichita.
Nitchihi= Kiowa.
Nitchik Iriniouetchs, Nitchik Iriniouetz, Nitchiks=
Nitchequon.
Niten aht=Nitinat.
Ni-the-wuk=Cree.
Nitinaht, Ni’tinath=Nitinat.
Nitlakapamuk=Ntlakyapamuk.
Nitlpam=Ntlippaem.
Ni-to-atz=Lathakrezla.
Nittanat=Nitinat.
Nittauke=Natick.
Nitten-aht, Nittenat, Nittinahts, Nittinat—Nitinat.
Ni-udje’=Niudzhe.
Niunas=Comanche.
Ni-u’-t’a-tci, Ni-at’ati’= Missouri.
Niuyaya=Niuyaka.
Niva-ka’=Chippewa.
Ni’wa¢é=Tsishuwashtake.
Ni’wa2-ci/-ke=Niwanshike.
Ni-wittai=Nawiti.
Nixe-tanka=Nighetanka,
Nipisiriniens=
NILAKSKN1 MAKLAKS—NOLL-PAH-PE SNAKES
1103
Nixlu’idix= Wishram.
Nixwa’xotsé= Wharhoots.
Ni-yank’-ta-ke’-te te/-ne=Ataakut.
Nizore=Nixora.
Njith=Tukkuthkutchin.
*kai/a, Nkaih=Nkya.
Nkaitu’sus=Atchitchiken.
N’-kam-sheen, Nkamtci’/n=Nkamzhin.
Nkamtci/nEmux=Spences Bridge Band.
Nkatsam, N’ka’/tzam=Nkattsim.
N’kau/men=Nikaomin.
N’k'lpan=Ntlippaem.
N’koakoaé’tko= N koeitko.
Nko’atamux=Ntlakyapamuk.
Nkuaikin=Nkoikin.
N’k'u’/kapenate=Nkukapenach.
Nku/kimamux= Upper Thompson Indians.
Nkumcheen, N’kum’tcin=Nkamchin.
N-ku-tam-euh, Nkutémiyu=Ntlakyapamuk.
Nuak‘a/pamux, NLak'‘apamux’o’é=Lytton Band.
NLip’pa’Em=Ntlippaem.
Niki/us=Ntlkius.
Nnéa-gottine=Nigottine.
Nné-la-gottiné, NNé-lla-Gottiné=Nellagottine.
Nni-Gottiné, Nni-ottiné=Nigottine.
Noaches= Yokuts.
Noachis= Nasones.
Noadiche=Nabedache.
No-ah-ha=Towabhah.
Noam-kekhl, Noam-kult=Yukian Family.
Noan’-kakhl=Saia.
Noapeeming=Nopeming.
Noatagamutes=Noatak, Nunatogmiut.
Noatches= Natchez.
Nobows=Sans Arcs.
Nobscussett, Nobsquasitt, Nobsquassit, Nobsqussit=
Nobscusset.
Noga, Noca¢ine=Notha.
Nocanticks= Niantic.
Nocao=Nacau.
Noccocsee=Naguchee.
Noces= Yanan Family.
Noche= Yokuts.
Noches Colteches=Kawaiisu.
Noches Pagninoas=Bokninuwad.
Nochi= Yokuts.
Nochways=Eskimo.
Nocké=Noquet.
Nocodoch= Nacogdoches.
No-co-me, Noconee, Noconi, Noconi Comanches, No-
coo-nees= Detsanayuka.
Nocotchtanke=Nacotchtank.
No-cum-tzil-e-ta=Nokyuntseleta.
Noddouwessces= Dakota.
Nodehs= Navaho.
Nod-o-waig, Nodoways=Iroquois.
iw a Dl Bid Nodoweisa, Nodowessies = Da-
ota.
Nodswaig=Iroquois.
Nodways= Eskimo.
Noghelingamiut=Nogeling.
Noguets=Noquet.
Nohannaies, Nohannie, Nohannis=Nahane.
Nohar-taney= Mandan.
Noh-chamiut=Nochak.
Noh’-ga= Makan.
Noh’hai-é= Etagottine.
Noh’hané, Noh’hanné, Nohhannies=Nahane.
Nohomeen=Nehowmean.
Nohoolchintna=Nohulchinta.
No-ho-ro-co=Nayuharuke.
Nohtalohton=Notaloten.
Noh-tin-oah=Hupa.
Noi Mucks=Nuimok.
Noi-Sas= Yanan Family.
Noisy Pawnees=Pitahauerat.
Noi-Yucans=Noyuki.
No-kaig, No‘ke=Noka.
Nokes, Nokets=Noquet.
Nokhakate, Nok-khakat=—Nok.
Noklich=Nuklit.
N’okoié’kEn=Nkoikin.
Nokoni, No-ko-nies=Dtsanayuka.
Nokonmi=Pomo.
Nokrotmiut=Nokrot.
Nokumktesilla=Nakomgilisala.
No-kusé= Nokosalgi.
No-la-si= Wolasi.
| Noll-pah-pe Snakes=Walpapi,
1104
Nolongewock=Norridgewock.
Noltanana, Noltnacnah, Nolt-nat-nahs, Noltonatria=
Naltunnetunne.
Nolumbeghe, Nolumbeka= Norumbega.
Nomasényilis=Nomasenkilis.
Nomee Cults= Yukian Family.
Nomee Lacks, Nome-Lackees= Noamlaki.
Nomenuches= Wiminuche.
Nominies=Onawmanient.
Nommuk=Nummuk.
Non=No.
Nonandom=Nonantum.
Nonapeklowak=Nunapithlugak.
Nonaticks= Nonotuc.
Nonatum=Nonantum.
No-na-um=Nauniem.
Nondacao, Nondaco= Anadarko.
Nondages=Onondaga.
Nondaque= Anadarko.
Nonoaba= Nonoava.
Nonotuck=Nonotuc.
Nontagués, Nontaguez= Onondaga.
Notto-wa’-ka=Seneca.
Nooatoka Mutes, Nooatoks=Nunatogmiut.
Noobimucks=Normuk.
Noochahlaht, Nooch-aht-aht, Noochahtlaht, Nooch-
a ent, Nooch-artl-aht, Noochatlaht=Nuchat-
itz.
Noocheek=Nuchek.
No-o-chi, No-o-chi-uh=Ute.
Noocleet=Nuklit.
Noodlook= Nudlung.
Noogsoak= Nugsoak.
Nooherolu= Nayuharuke.
Nooh-lum-mi= Lummi.
Nook-choo=Nukchu.
Nooke= Nuk.
Nooklulmic, Nooklulumu, Nooklummie, Nookluola-
mic= Lummi.
Nookmete, Nookmut, Nookmute=Nuk.
Nook-saak, Nook-sac, Nooksack, Nooksahk= Nook-
sak,
Nool-ke-o-tin=Nulaantin.
Noo-na, Noona-agamute=Nuna.
Noonah=K wahari.
Noonanetum, Noonatomen= Nonantum.
No-6nch=Ute.
Noonitagmioots=Nunatogmiut.
Nooscape=Niskap.
Nooscope=Skopamish.
Noosdalum=Clallam.
Noo-seh-chatl= Nusehtsatl.
Nooselalum, Noostlalums=Clallam.
Noo-taa=Noota.
Noo-tah-ah= Mono.
Nootanana=Naltunnetunne.
Nootapareescar= Noota.
Noothum, Noothummie= Lummi.
Nootka=Skittagetan Family, Chimakuan Family,
Chinookan Family, Salishan Family.
Nootka-Columbian= Nootka, Salishan Family.
Nootkahs=Salishan Family.
Nootsak= Nooksak.
Noowoo Mutes=Nuwukmiut.
Noo-we-tee, Noo-we-ti= Nawiti.
Noo-wha-ha=Towahhah.
Noowoo=Nuwuk.
Noowook=Nuvung, Nuwuk.
Noowootsoo—Seamysty.
No Parfleche= K utaisotsiman.
Nopas= Unharik.
Nopemen d’Achirini, Nopcmetus Anineeg, Nope-
mings, Nopemin of Achirini, Nopemit Azhinne-
neeg, Nopiming daje inini, No‘pimingtashineni-
wag=Nopeming.
Nopnat=Nipmuc.
Nopochinches=Nopthrinthres.
No-pone= Noponne.
No’qEm=Nokem.
Noquai=Noquet.
Noraguas=Nixora.
Norambegue= Norumbega.
Norboss=Norbos.
Nord otiests= Dakota.
Norembega, Norembegua,
bega.
Noridgawock, Noridgewalk, Noridgewoc, Noridge-
wock, Noridgwoag, Noridgwock=Norridgewock.
Norimbegue=Norumbega.
Norembegue = Norum-
NOLONGEW OCK—NOYA-KAKAT
[B. A. E.
Normok=Normuk.
Norragansett= Narraganset.
Norredgewock= Norridgewock.
Nor-rel-mok= Normuk.
Norridegwock, Norridgawock, Norridgewalk, Nor-
ridgowock, Norridgwsak, Norridgwocks, Norridg-
wog, Norridgwogg, Norrigawake, Norrigewack,
Norrigewock, Norrigwock, Norrijwok, Norriwook,
Norrywok=Norridgewock.
Nortenos= Piro.
Northampton Indians=Nonotuc.
North Bend=Kapachichin.
North Dale Indians= Klikitat.
Northern=Chimmesyan, Esquimauan, Koluschan,
Skittagetan Family.
Northern Apaches=Jicarilla.
Northern Arapaho= Nakasinena.
Northern Brule= K heyatawichasha.
Northern Crees=Sakawithiniwuk.
Northerners=Khwakhamaiu, Tahagmiut.
Northern Indians= Etheneldeli.
Northern People= Northern Assiniboin.
Northern Pimas= Pima.
Northern Uttawawa=Cree.
North River=Chuckchuqualk.
North Susseeton=Kahra.
North Thompson=Chuchchuqualk.
North Yanktons=Upper Yanktonai.
Norumbegua, Norumbegue= Norumbega.
Norwidgewalks=Norridgewock.
a Norwottock, Norwuthick=Norwoo-
ue.
Nosa, Noser, N6-si= Yanan Family.
Nossonis= Nasoni.
Nostlalaim=Clallam.
Nota=Notha.
Nota-4=Ute.
No/adine ‘= Notha.
Notaglita=Notaloten.
N’ota-osh, No-taw=Comanche.
Notawasepe, Notawassippi= Natowasepe.
Notch=Ute.
Notchee, Notches= Natchez.
Notchitoches=Natchitoch.
Notinnonchioni=Iroquois.
Notketz=Noquet.
Notley=Natuhli.
No-toan’-ai-ti= Nutunutu.
Notomidoola=Notomidual.
Notonatos, No-ton-no-tos, No-to-no-tos, No-ton-toos,
Notoowthas, Notototens=Nutunutu.
Notowegee= Nottoway.
No-tow-too= Nutunutu.
Notre Dame de Betsiamits=Bersiamite.
Notre Dame de Ganentaa=Gannentaha.
Nottawagees= Iroquois, Seneca.
Nottawa Sape, Nottawasippi= Natowasepe.
Nottawayes= Nottoway.
Nottawegas= Iroquois.
Notta-we-sipa= Natowasepe.
Nottawessie= Dakota.
Nottely town=Natuhli.
Notteweges=Iroquois.
Nottoweasses= Dakota.
Nouadiche= Nabedache.
Nouga=Kawchodinne.
Nouidiche= Nabedache.
Nouitlies=Nawiti.
Noukek= Noquet.
Noulato=Nulato.
Noumpolis=Numpali.
Nouquet=Noquet.
Nousaghauset= Narraganset.
Noutka= Nootka.
Novadiche=Nabedache.
Novajos= Navaho.
Nove Ulukuk=Iegtigalik.
Novisans= Navasink.
Novokhtolahamiut= Novoktolak.
Novola= Anouala.
Nov-seh-chatl=Nusehtsatl.
Nowamish=Dwamish.
No-wha-ah=Towabhah.
Nowikakat=Nowi.
Nowodaga=Nowadaga.
Nowonthewog=Norwootuc.
Nowyawger=Niuyaka.
No’-xunts’itx= Nohuntsitk.
Noya-kakat=Nowil.
BULL, 30]
Noyatagameuts=Nunatogmiut.
Noyers=Ousagoucoulas,
Noyoee, Noyohee=Nayuhi.
Noyokakat=Nowi.
Noza, Nozes, No-zi= Yanan Family.
Nozones= Nasoni.
N’pEk’/tem=Npiktim.
N’pochele, N’poch-le, N’pockle=Sanpoil.
Npuitci’/n=Npuichin.
Nqa‘ia=Nkya.
Ngakin=Nkoikin.
Ngqa’ktko=Nkaktko.
Ngqau’min=Nikaomin.
Nqoe’itko—Nkoeitko.
Ngoi’kin=N koikin.
N’qua-cha-mish=Nukwatsamish.
Nquakin=Nkoikin.
N Pee me mel N’ Quentlmaymish= K weht]ma-
mish.
Nquipos=Niquipos.
N’quutl-ma-mish=K wehtlmamish.
Nra del Socorro=Socorro del Sur.
N.S. See Nuestra Senora.
Nsekats=Clackama,
Nsr’qip=Nesikeep.
Nsietshawas, Nsietshawus, Nsirtshaus= Tillamook.
Nsqa’qaultEn= Nskakaulten.
N’squalli=Nisqualli.
Ns tiwat=Clackama.
Ntaauo-tin=Nataotin.
N’tai/kum= Ntekem.
N'ta’/-ko=Nkaktko.
Ntcé’kus=Nehekus.
Ntcéqtceqkékinnk, Ntcé’qtckeqqokenk= Nchekchek-
kokenk.
Nté’qem=Ntekem.
N’tlaka’/pamugq, N-tla-ka-pe-mooh, Ntlakya’pamuq=
Ntlakyapamuk.
NtsaLa’/tko=Ntstlatko. ‘
Ntshaantin=Ntshaautin.
Ntil-mtce’-ci= Mulluk.
Nuaka’hn= Missisauga.
Nubenaigooching= Nopeming.
Nucaki= Kisakobi.
Nucasse= Nucassee.
Nucekaa yi= Nushekaayi.
Nuchalkmy=Nuhalk.
Nuch-a-wan-acks= Newichawanoc.
Nuchawayi= Yaudanchi.
Nuchig’/mut=Nuchek.
Nuchimases=Newchemass.
Nu-chow-we=Nuchaway.
Nuchusk=Nuchek.
Nuckasee= Nucassee.
Nucleet=Nuklit.
Nuclucayette, Nuclukayette=Nuklukayet.
Nuestra de Senora de los Remedios de Galisteo=
Galisteo,
Nuestra Senora de Belem, Nuestra Senora de Belen=
Belen.
N{uestra] S[enora] de Guadalupe, N. S. de Guad-
alupe de Alburquerque de los Nacogdoches, N. S.
de Guadalupe de los Nacodoches, N. S. de Guad-
alupe de Nacodoches=Nuestra Senora de Guad-
alupe de los Nacogdoches.
Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de los Mansos del Paso
del Norte, Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe del Paso
del Rio del Norte, Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe
del Passo= E] Paso.
Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de Pojuaque=Pojoa-
que.
Mncatrs Senora de Guadalupe de Teuricatzi=Teuri-
cachi.
Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de Voragios=Taraichi.
Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de Zum, N[uestra]
S[enora] de Guadalupe de Zuni= Zuni.
Nuestra Senora de Guadelupe del Sur—Nuestra
Sefiora de Guadalupe.
N{uestra] S[enora] de la Assunscion de Zia, N. §.
de ta Asumpscion de Zia=Sia.
Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion Arizpe= Arizpe.
Nuestra Senora de la Belen= Belen.
Nuestra Senora de la Soledad=Soledad.
Nuestra Senora de Loreto de Voragios= Loreto.
Nuestra Senora de los Angeas de Pecos, N[uestra]
Senora] de los Angeles de Pecos, Nuestra Senora
de los Angeles de Porciincula, N.S. de los An-
geles de Tecos= Pecos.
3456—Bull. 30, pt 2—07——70
NOYATAGAMEUTS—NUNDAWAS
1105
Nuestra Senora de los Dolores= Dolores.
Nuestra Senora de los Dolores del Saric=Saric.
Nuestra Senora de los Dolores de Sandia=Sandia.
Nuestra Senora de los Remedios= Remedios.
Nuestra Senora de los Remedios de Beramitzi— Bana-
mitzi.
Nuestra Senora del Pilar de Nacogdoches=Nacog-
doches.
Nuestra Senora del Socorro=Socorro, Socorro del
Sur.
Nuestra Senora de Pecos, Nuestra Senora de Porti-
uncula de los Angeles de Pecos= Pecos.
Nuestra Senora Guadalupe de Zuni=Zuii.
Nuestra Sonora de Monserrate=Nonoava.
Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas=San Fran-
cisco de los Tejas (or Neches).
Nueua Granada, Nueva Granada= Hawikuh.
Nueva Sevilla=Sevilleta.
Nuey-kech-emk= Niueuomokai.
Nugh-Kwetle-babish= Kwehtlmamish.
Nugh-lemmy= Lummi.
Nugh-sahk= Nooksak.
Nugumeute= Nugumiut.
Nugumut=Nuwukmiut.
Nuhiyup=Tulalip.
Nuh-lum-mi= Lummi.
Nw‘ik‘=Nuiku.
Nu/ixtac= Niukhtash.
Nuk'‘a’aqmats= Nukaakmats.
Nukaa’tqo= Nukaatko.
Nukamok=Unisak.
Nukan=Nuokan.
Nukatse’gi= Nickajack.
Nukeza= Nucassee.
Nukfalalgi, Nukfila=Timucua.
Noa/kuHits=Nukits.
Nukh-lésh= Lummi.
Nuk-h6otsi=Timucua.
Nu-klac-i-yat, Nuklakyet=Nuklukayet.
Nukluag-miout=Nukluak.
Nukluhyet, Nuklukahyet, Nuklukaiet, Nuklukye-
to=Nuklukayet.
Nuksahk= Nooksak.
Nnktisém= Dakota.
Nu-kuints’, Nu-kwints= Unkapanukuints.
Nuk wul tuh=Nakoaktok.
Nulaantins=Nulaautin.
Nulahtuk=Nulatok.
Nulakhtolagamute=Nuloktolok,.
Nula’to-kho-tan’/a=Nulato.
NuLié‘ix=Nutltleik.
Nult-nort-nas, Nul-to-nat-na, Nultonat’-tene=Nal-
tunnetunne.
Nulukhtulogumut=Nuloktolok.
Numa=Comanche, Nama, Paiute.
Numa= Nama.
Nimabin, Numa-bin=Namabin.
Nu-mah-ka/-kee=Sipushkanumanke,
Numakaki, Numakshi= Mandan.
Nu-mal-tachee=Numaltachi.
Numanas= Pueblo de los Jumanos.
Numangkake= Mandan.
Num-a quag-um=Namakagon.
Nimawisowugi=Namawesouk, Namasissouk.
Num-ee-muss= Hupa.
Numepo, Numepoes, Nu-me-poos= Nez Percés.
Numi=Nambe.
Numipu= Nez Percés.
Num-kés= Nimkish.
Numleki= Noamlaki.
Nummastaquyt=Namasket.
Nummok=Nummuk.
Numpang=Nunnepoag.
Nim-tainin=Num.
Nunachanaghamiut, Ninachara gamut, Nunaeho-
gumut=Nunochok.
Nunaikagumute=Nunaikak.
Nunakachwak= Karluk.
Nunakhtagamute=Nunaktak.
Nunalik=Nuniliak.
Nuna-mish=Dwamish.
Nunatagmut, Nuna-tangmé-un,
Nunatogmiut.
Nunatochsoak= Nunatarsuak.
Nunato’gmut, Nuna-tung-méin=Nunatogmiut.
Nun-da-wa/-o-no’, Nundawaronoh=Seneca.
| Nundawas=Nundawao.
Nunatanmiun=
1106
Nin/dawe’gi—Seneca.
Nun/daye'li=Nantahala.
Nundowaga=Seneca.
Nu’nEmasEgq4lis=Nunemasekalis.
Nunivagmut, Nunivagmute, Nunivak people=Nun-
ivagmiut.
Nunjagmjut, Nunochogamute=Nunamiut.
Nunseys= Munsee.
Nuntaly=Nuntaneuck.
Nuntewa, Nuntewes= Iroquois.
Nuntialla=Nantahala.
Nunyt’/-gunwani’ski=Talking Rock.
Nuo Yaucau=Niuyaka.
Nuptadi=Ruptari.
Nuqa’axmats=Nukaakmats.
Nugqa’lkH, Nuga/IkmH=Nuhalk.
Nuge=Nukhe.
Nugiage=Nuquiage.
Nuqtu=Dakota.
Nuqueno= Nootka.
Nu’-q’wit-teu/-tin=Nukhwuchutun,
Nures=Nuri.
Nurhantsuaks=Norridgewock.
Nuscheé-kaari= Nushekaayi.
Nuschké-tan= Wushketan.
Nusconcus, Nuscoucus= Muscongus.
Nusdalum=Clallam.
Nushagagmut=Nushagagmiut.
Nushalt,agakni=Nushaltkagakni.
Nushegagmut= Nushagagmiut.
Nushegak=Nushagak.
Nushergagmutes= Nushagagmiut.
Nusiok=Neusiok.
Nuskarawaoks=Cuscarawaoc.
Nusk’’E/lstemH=Nuskelst.
Nu-sklaim, Nus-klai’/-yum=C'allam.
Nuskoncus, Nuskoucus= Muscongus,
Nu-so-lupsh=Cowlitz, Kwaiailk,
Nusq!r/Ist=Nuskelst.
Nuss-ka=Niska.
Nustoc=Neusiok.
Nusxeé’q!=Nuskek.
Nuta= Yaudanchi.
Nutaa= Mono.
Nu-tca-’tenne=Ntshaautin.
Nutca’tlath= Nuchatlitz.
Nut-chu’/=Nuchu.
Nu’-tcu-ma/-tin yin/né= K thutetmetseetuttun, Nu-
chumatuntunne.
Nut-él—Sotstl.
Nut-ha= Mono.
Nutue/intskonée=Tkeiktskune.
Nuthesum= Mutsun.
Nutka= Nootka.
Nu’tl’£/1=Sotstl.
Nutltle’iq—Nutltleik.
Nutonetoos=Nutunutu.
Nuts= Ute.
Nutschek=Nuchek.
Nutuntu=Nutunutu.
Nuvuk, Nuvukdjuaqdjug=Nuvung.
Nuweta=Mandan.
Nuwichawanick= Newichawanoc.
Nu-witti= Nawiti.
Niwidkmut, Nuwung, Nuwinmiun=Nuwukmiut.
Nuxa’lk:!=Nuhalk.
Nuxe=Nukhe.
Nuyitsom, = Nukitsomk.
Nuyu’/hi= Nayuhi.
Nvrvmbega= Norumbega.
N-wa-ih=Nkaih.
Nwa’/-ka=Ontwaganha.
N’ Wamish= Dwamish.
Nwasabé= Navaho.
Nx’omi’n= Nehowmean.
Nytusum= Dakota.
Nyakai=Nkya.
Nyantecets, Nyantecutt, Nyanticke=Niantic.
Nyavapai, ’Nyavi Pais= Yavapai.
Nyeck=Nyack,.
Nygykligmjut—Nigiklik.
Nyhantick= Niantic.
Nyiskat=Nsisket.
Nypagudy=Nipaguay.
Nypissings, Nypsins= Nipissing.
Nyu‘-sa-ru/-kan= Nursoorooka.
Nzis-kat, Nzyshat=Nsisket.
NUN’/DAWE’GI—OCHESOS
[B. A. E.
Oabano=—Ouabano.
Oaboponoma= Hoabonoma.
Oacpuaguigua=Saric.
Oadauwaus=Ottawa.
Oajuenches=Cajuenche.
Oaka Loosa=Okalusa.
Oakanagans=Okinagan.
Oakbusky=Oaktuskee.
Oakchog, Oakchoie=—Okchayi.
Oakchoieooche=Okchayudshi.
Oakchoys=Okchayi.
Oakfuskies, Oakfusky=Oakfuskee.
Oakgees=Okchayi.
Oakinackene, Oakinagan=Okinagan.
Oakiuskees=Oakfuskee.
a Saran 8 ba
Oaklafalaya=Oklafalaya
Oak-li-sarcy=Uktahasasi.
Oakmulge, Oakmulgee old fields, Oakmulgee old
towns, Oakmulge fields, Oakmulges, Oakmulgis,
Oakmulgo=Ocmulgee.
Oak-pa-pas= Hunkpapa.
Oakpuskee=Oaktfuskee.
Oak-tar-sar-say, Oak Tarsarsey=Uktahasasi.
Oaktashippas=Octashepas.
Oaktaw sarseg=Uktahasasi.
Oaktchoie=Okchayi.
Oanancock=Onancock.
Oanoska=Ohanhanska.
O'aquima= Kiakima.
Oate-lash-schute=Ootlashoot.
Oathkaqua=Onathaqua.
0a-tish-tye=San Felipe.
Oat-la-shoot, Oat-lash-shoots, Oat-lash-shute=Oot-
lashoot.
Oatsees= Yazoo.
Qbekaws=Abihka.
0-bén-aki, Obenaquiouoit= Abnaki.
Obidgewong=Chippewa.
Obika= A bihka.
Obiki= Walpi.
Obinacks= A bnaki.
Objibways=Chippewa.
Obunegos= A bnaki.
0-bwah-nug= Dakota.
Ocages= Osage.
Ocahumpky=Okehumpkee.
Oca 'amigawininlweg-Oschek kere ae
wak.
Ocala, Ocale, Ocali=Olagale.
Ocameches=Occaneechi.
Ocanes=Lipan.
Ocansa, Ocapa=Quapaw.
Occaanechy=Occaneechi.
Occahanock= Accohanoc.
Occaneches, Occaneeches= Occaneechi.
Occha, Occhoy=Okchayi.
Occone=Oconee.
Occoneachey=Occaneechi.
Occouys= Oconee.
Occuca=Ocuca.
Oceti Sakowin = Dakota.
Oc-fus-coo-che=Oakfuskudshi.
Oc-fus-kee=Oakfuskee.
Ocha= Hoko.
Ochahannanke= Accohanoc.
Ochanahoen=Ocanahowan.
Ochangras= Winnebago.
Ochasteguin, Ochatagin, Ochataiguin, Ochategin,
Ochateguin, Ochatequins= Huron.
0-ché= Odshisalgi.
O-che-au-po-fau, Ochebofa—Talasse.
Ochecames, Ochecamnes= Yachikamni.
Ochecholes=Ochechote.
Ocheeaupofau=Talasse.
Ochees= Yuchi.
Ocheeses=Ocheses.
Ochekamnes= Yachikamni
Ochekhamni=Okechumne.
Ochelaga= Hochelaga.
Ochelay= Hochelayi.
Ochenang=Chenango, Shenango.
Ochente Shakoan, Ochente Shakons= Dakota, Seven
Council Fires.
Ocheobofau=Talasse.
Qcheo’s band=Tuziyammos.
O’chepé’wag=Chippewa.
Cchesees= Lower Creeks, Ocheese.
Ochesos=Ocheese.
—~
BULL. 30]
Ochessigiriniooek, Ochessigiriniouek, Ochestgooetch,
Ochestgouetch, Ochestigouecks=Oukesestigouek.
Ocheti Shaowni= Dakota.
O-che-ub-e-fau, Ocheubofau=Talasse.
Ochi=San Juan.
Ochiakenens, Ochiatagonga—Shawnee.
Ochiatenens= Wea.
Ochie ‘tari-ronnon=Cherokee.
Ochile= Axille.
Ochinakein=Okinagan.
Ochineeches=Occaneechi.
O-ching-i-ta= Uchiyingich.
Ochipawa, Ochipewa, Ochipoy,
Chippewa.
Ochivitas= Wichita.
Ochlewahaw=Oclawaha.
Ocho= Hoko.
Ochocumnes= Yachikamni.
Ochquaqua, Ochtaghquanawicroones, Ochtayhqua-
nawicroons=Oquaga.
0-chuce-ulga=Ochisialgi.
Q0-chunga-raw, Ochunkgraw, 0O-chunk-o-raw=Win-
nebago.
Ochus= Achusi.
Ocita=Ucita.
Ocka=Okchayi.
Ock-co-witth= Wishosk.
Ockfuskee= Oakfuskee.
Ockha, Ockhoys=Okchayi.
Ockinagees=Occaneechi.
Ocki Pah-Utes, Ocki-Pi-Utes=Agaihtikara.
Ockiwere=Chiwere.
Ockmulgo—Ocmulgee.
Oc-la-wa-haw, Oc-le-wau-hau-thluc-co=Oclawaha.
Ocoina=Bovoyna.
Ocon, Oconas, Oconery’s, Ocones, Oconis, Oconnee=
Oconee.
Ocosaus=Arkokisa.
Ocpack=Okpaak.
Ocquagas=Oquaga.
Ocsachees=Osotchi.
Octaaros= Winnebago.
Octageron=Ostogeron.
Octagouche= Restigouche.
Octagros= Winnebago.
Octata—Oto.
Octchagras= Winnebago.
Octguanes= Yuma.
Octi=Agaihtikara.
Octibea= Yazoo.
Octiyokny=Okitiyakni.
Octoctatas— Oto.
Oct ists= Ottawa.
Octolacto, Octolatas—Oto.
Octonagon Band=Ontonagon.
aha Octotales, Octotas, Octotata, Octotota—
to.
Ocumlgi=Ocmulgee.
0-cun-cha-ta= Kanchati.
Ocunnolufte=Oconaluftee.
Ocus=Achusi.
Odagami, Odagumaig—= Foxes.
Odahwah, Odahwaug=Ottawa.
Odakeo=Odukeo’s band.
6dami=Tepehuane.
Odawas=Ottawa.
Odchipewa=Chippewa.
O-de-eilah, Ode-i-lah= Kikatsik.
Odgavigamut=Ugovik.
Odgiboweke=Chippewa.
Odiak—=Eyak.
Q-dish-guag-um-eeg, Odishkwagami, Odishkwa-Ga-
mig, O-dish-quag-um-eeg, O-dish-quag-um-ees,
Odishquahgumme= Nipissing. .
Odistastagheks— Mascoutens.
Odjibewais, Od-jib-wag, Odjibwas, Odjibwe, Odjibwek=
hippewa.
Odji’ wage —Gewauga.
Odshi-apofa=Talasse.
Odsinachies=Osotchi.
O-dug-am-eeg, Odugamies, 0-dug-aumeeg= Foxes.
O’éalitq, Oealitx—Oealitk.
Oekfusaet=Oakfuskee.
0é’Litz=Oetlitk.
G@nné= Eskimo.
Oenock= Eno.
Oenrio—Ouenrio.
Oenronronnons= Wenrohronon
Oetbatons= Wahpeton.
Ochippewais =
OCHESSIGIRINIOOEK—OLOG8EN
1107
Oe’tlitq=Oetlitk.
€tsenhwotenne=Natliatin.
0-e’-tun’-i-o—Crows.
Oeyendehit= Neodakheat.
Ofagoulas, Ofegaulas, Offagoulas, Ofegoulas, Offo-
goula, Ofugulas=Ofogoula.
Ogablallas=Oglala.
Ogahrit-tis= Miskut.
Ogalalab Yokpahs, Ogalala Dacotas, O-ga-la’-las,
Ogalallahs, Ogalallas, O’Galla, Ogallah, Ogallala,
Ogallalahs, Ogallalla, Ogallallah, Ogallallas,
Ogallallees=Oglala.
0O-ga-pa—Quapaw.
Oga P’Hoge, Og-a-p’o-ge= Kuapooge.
Ogavimamute=Ugovik.
O-ge-chee, Ogechi, Ogeeche— Ogeechee.
Ogeelala—Oglala.
Ogeetches= Ogeechee.
Ogehage—Conestoga.
Ogellahs, Ogellalah, Ogellalas=Oglala.
Oghguagees, Oghguago, Oghkawaga, Oghkwagas,
Oghquaga, Oghquago, Oghquajas, Oghquuges=
Oquaga.
Oghrekyonny=Ohrekionni.
Ogibois—Chivpewa.
Ogillallah—Oglala.
Og-la/-la=Oglalaichichagha,
Oglala-h¢a= Oglala.
Oglala-icicaga,Oglala-ite’itcaxa=Oglalaichichagha
Oglala-qtca=—Iteshicha.
Oglallah=Oglala.
Oglemut, Oglemutes=Aglemiut.
Ognitoa—Oquitoa.
Ogoh pe=Quapaw.
Ogoize= Bannock.
Ogolawla=Oglala.
Ogoleegees= Kailaidshi.
Ogolegees= Hogologes.
Ogowinagak, Ogowinanagak= Kvinkak.
Ogsadago—Teatonaloga.
Oguahpah, O-guah-pas, Oguapas=Quapaw.
Ogue Loussas=Opelousa.
O’Gullalas=Oglala.
Og’/tlmut—Aglemiut.
Ohah-hans-hah, O-hah-kas-ka-toh-y-an-te = Ohan-
hanska.
Ohamiel, Ohamille=Ohamil.
Ohanapa=Oohenonpa.
Ohanock=Ohanoak.
Ohantonwanna= Yanktonai.
Ohavas=Onavas.
Ohdada=Oglala.
0-he-nompa=Ohenonpa.
Ohenonpa Dakotas, Ohenonpas=Oohenonpa.
Ohete-yoe-on-noe=Okitiyakni.
Ohey-aht=Oiaht.
Ohguago=—Oquaga.
Oh-hagamiut=Oknagak.
Ohhisheu=Owaiski.
Ohiat=Oiaht.
Ohikkasaw=Chickasaw.
Ohke=San Juan.
Ohk to inna=Oqtogona.
Ohlones=Olhon.
Oh-nah=Ona.
Ohnowalagantles=Onoalagona, Schenectady.
Oho-homo= Dakota.
Ohonoagesu, Ohonoguaga, Ohonoquaugo=Oquaga.
Ohotoma= Pima.
Oh-pah=Opa.
Ohquaga—=Oquaga.
Ohquage—Osguage.
Ohque=San Juan.
Ohsarakas=Saratoga.
Ohshahch=Oshach.
Ohuaqui, Ohuqui= Pojoaque.
Ohyaht, Ohyat=Oiaht.
Oiatenon, Oiatinon= Wea.
Oiatuch=Oiaht.
Oi-cle-la— Waitlas.
Oigoien—Goiogouen.
Oil Spring=Tecarnohs.
Oiogoen=Goiogouen.
Oiogoen, Oiogoenhronnons=Cayuga.
Oiogoien, Oiogouan—Goiogouen.
Oiogouan, Oiogouanronnon=Cayuga.
Oiogouen=Cayuga, Goiogouen.
Oiogouenronnon=Cayuga.
Oiog8en—Goiogouen.
1108
Oiogouin=Cayuga, Goiogouen.
Oioguen, Oiogwen=—Goiogouen.
Oiougovenes=Cayuga, Goiogouen.
Oi-ra-uash=Querechos.
Oitapars=Oapars.
Oiudachenaton=Oughetgeodatons.
Oiyotl=Ayotl. :
Oiyurpe=Oyukhpe.
Ojachtanichroenee= Wea.
Ojadagochroehne=Catawba.
Ojadagochroene=Cherokee.
O-jang-ge P’ho-quing-ge=Shipapulima.
Ojatinons= Wea,
O-je-bway, Ojeebois, Ojibaway, Ojibbewaig, Ojibbe-
ways, Ojibboai, Ojibeways, Ojibois, Ojibua, Ojibwa,
Q-jib-wage, Ojibwaig, O-jib-wa-rek, Ojibwas, Ojib-
ways, Ojibway-ugs, Ojibwe=Chippewa.
Oji Caliente=Aguas Calientes, Warm Spring
Apache.
0j-ke=San Juan.
Ojo Benado= Pitchaya.
Ojo Caliente=Aguas Calientes, Hawikuh, Kiapk-
wainakwin.
Ojo Caliente Apaches= Warm Spring Apache.
Ojo de Pescado= Pescado.
Ojogouen=Goiogouen.
Ojongoveres—Cayuga.
Ojo Percado, Ojo Pescado, Ojo Pesoado= Pescado.
0-jo-que=San Ildefonso.
Ojos Calientes=Kiapkwainakwin, Ojo Caliente.
0j-po-re-ge= Abechiu.
0j-qué=San Juan.
Ojuaque= Pojoaque.
Oka alhtakala, Oka-altakkala, Oka-attakkala—Oka-
altakala,
Okadada=Oglala.
O kaga-wicasa=Okaghawichasha.
Okahno= Honsading.
Oka Hoola, Oka Hoolah=Okahullo.
Okahumky=Okehumpkee.
Oka Loosa=Okalusa.
Oka Lopassa=Oka Kapassa.
Okames, Okams=Kansa.
Okanagam=Okinagan.
Okanagan=Nkamaplix, Okinagan.
Okanagon, O-kan-a-kan, Okanakanes, Okanaken=
Okinagan.
Okanandans, O-kan-dan-das=Oglala.
O’Kanies-Kanies=Okinagan.
Okanis=Kansa.
Oka-no= Honsading.
Oka talaia, Okatallia—Okatalaya.
Oka-tiokinans=Okitiyakni.
Okatlituk=Oetlitk.
Okaxa-witcaca=Okaghawichasha.
Ok-chai, Okchoys=Okchayi.
Ok-chin’wa=Oktchunualgi.
Okdada= Oglala.
Oke-choy-atte= Alibamu, Okchayi.
Okecoussa=Okalusa.
Okee-og-mut, Okeeogmutes=Okiogmiut.
Oke-ho= Hoko.
Oke Lousa, O0ké loussa=Okalusa.
Okenaganes, Okenakanes=Okinagan.
Okenechee=Occaneechi.
Okeno= Hoko.
Oke-noke, Okenope= Honsading.
Okesez=Ocheses.
Oketayocenne, Okete Yocanne, O-ke-teyoc-en-ne=
Okitiyakni.
Okfuski=Oakfuskee.
Okfusku’dshi=Oakfuskudshi.
Okhaganak=Okiogmiut.
Okha Hullo=Okahullo.
Okhata Talaia—Okhatatalaya.
Okhogamute=Oknagak.
Okiakanes, Okinaganes, Okinahane, Okinakain, Oki-
nakan, Okinakane, Okina’k’éen, Okinekane, Okin-e-
Kanes, O-kin-i-kaines, Okinokans, 0-ki-wah-kine=
Okinagan.
Ok-kak=Okak.
Okkiadliving= Ukiadliving.
Okkiosorbik=Okiosorbik.
Okkokonimesit=Okommakamesit.
Okkowish= Agawesh.
Oklahaneli, Okla-humali=Oklahannali.
Oklevuaha, Oklewaha=Oclawaha.
Okmulge, Okmulgee, Okmulgi= Ocmulgee.
Oknagamut, Oknagamute=Oknagak.
OIOGOUIN—OMAHANES
[B. A. E.
Oknaka=Oglala.
Oknanagans=Okinagan.
Oknavigamut=Uknavik.
Okoelaihoelahta=Watakihulata.
Okohoys=Okohayi.
O’kok=Okak.
Okonagan, Okonagon=Okinagan.
Okonee= Oconee.
Okonegan=Okinagan.
Okoénhomessit=Okommakamesit.
Okéni= Oconee.
Okoro= Arikara.
Ok6tsali=Ocota.
Okpiktalik, Okpiktolik=Opiktulik.
Oksak talaya=Osuktalaya.
Okshee= Klamath.
Oktchayi=Okchayi. ~
Oktchayu’dshi=Okchayudshi.
Oktibbeha= Yazoo.
Okuaho=Toryohne.
Okuvagamute=Okivogmiut.
Oku-wa/-ri=Sia.
Okuwa-tdéa, Okuwa-towa—Okuwa.
Okwhiske=Oakfuskee. s
Olacatano=Olagatano.
Olacnayake=Oclackonayahe.
0O’-lah-ment/-ko=Olamentke,
Olalla=Oraibi.
Olanches= Yaudanchi.
Olashes=Ola.
Olasse= A tasi.
Olata Ouae Utina=Utina.
Olchone=Olhon.
Old Castle=Canadasaga.
Old Chilili=Chilili.
Old Colony Indians= Mashpee.
Old Cusetaw=Kasihta.
Old Estatoee= Estatoee.
Old Field=Gatagetegauning.
Old Fort Hamilton=Nunapithlugak.
Old Gauché’s gens= Watopachnato.
Old Harbor=Nunamiut.
Old Indian Village= White-eyes Town.
Old Matacombe=Guarungunve.
Old Merrawnaytown=Chatoksofke.
Oldnass=Niska.
Old Oneida=Ganowarohare.
Old Osonee=Osonee. i
Old Peach Orchard Town=Pakan-Tallahassee.
Old Shawnesse Village=Shawneetown.
Old Showonese Town=Chartierstown.
Old Suwanee town, Old Suwany Town=Suwanee.
Old Tal-e-see=Talasse.
Old Town=Outaunink.
Old Town, Old Town Village=White-eyes Town.
Old Tuni= Heshota Ayathltona. I
Old Yazoo Village= Yazoo.
Old Zuni= Heshota Ayathltona.
Oleachshoot= Ootlashoot.
Oleepas=Ololopa.
Olelachshoot=Ootlashoot.
Olelato—Olulato.
Olgatano—Olagatano.
Olhones=Olhon.
Olibahali=Ullibahali.
Olibahalies=Alibamu, Ullibahali.
Olilefeleia=Oklafalaya.
Olinacks= A bnaki.
0-lip-as, O-lip-pas=Ololopa.
Olitifar=Littefutchi.
Oljon=Olhon.
0l/-la=Ola.
Olla-jocue= Aiyahokwe.
Ollemon Indians=Olamon.
Olle-pot’l=Tsewenalding.
Olleppauh’1-kah-teht’1= Medilding.
Ollo’s= Oto.
Olocatano=Olagatano.
Ololopai=Ololopa.
Olomanosheebo= Romaine.
Olompalis=Olumpali.
0l-0’-wi-dok, 01l’-o-wit, 01l-o-wi’/-ya=Olowitok.
01/-po-sel=Olbosel.
Olwere=Chiwere.
Olwiya=Olowitok.
Oma-a=Omowuh.
Omackasiwag=Omushkasug.
Omaha heaka, Omahahs=Omaha.
Omahanes=Okinagan.
BULL, 30]
Omahaws, Omahuas=Omaha.
Omail=Ohamil.
Omaka, oer mabe.
Omameeg= Miami.
0-man-ee=Mdewakanton.
O-man’-ha, O-mayn-ha-lica=Omaha.
Omanisé=Ommunise.
O’manits’énéx=Omanitsenok.
Omanomineu, Omanomini= Menominee.
Omans, Omaonhaon=Omaha.
Omaschkasé Wenenewak=Wazhush.
Omashkekok= Maskegon.
Omatchamne= Machemni.
Omate’s= Onondaga.
Omato= Huma.
0’-mau=Okuwa, Omowuh
Omau’/-hau=Omaha.
0-maum-ee= Mdewakanton. '
O-maum-eeg= Miami.
Omawhaw, Omawhawes=Omaha.
Omawuu=Omowuh.
Omeaoffe, Omeaosse, Omeaotes=Omenaosse,
Omee Towns= Maumee Towns.
Omenak=Umana.
O’mené= Nootka.
Omi=Ahome.
Omianicks, Omie= Miami.
Omikoues=Amikwa.
Omissis—Onmisis.
Omitaqua=Omitiaqua.
Omkwa= Umpqua.
Ommas= Huma.
Omochumnies= Machemni.
Omoloa= Homolua.
Omouhoa, Onowhows=Omaha.
Ompaam= Patuxet.
Omuhaw=Omaha.
0-mun-o-min-eeg= Menominee.
Omush-kas, 0-mush-kas-ug=Wazhush.
Omush-ke-goag, Omushkegoes— Maskegon.
Omutchamne, Omutchumnes=Machemni
Onabas=Onavas.
Onachaquara=Anacharaqua.
Onachas= Washa.
Onachee=Onnahee.
Onachita= Wichita.
Onadago— Onondaga.
Onadahkos, Onadaicas, Onadakoes= Anadarko,
Onaghee=Onnahee.
ie Onagonque, Onagunga, Onagungees—
Abnaki.
Onahe, Onahee, Onahie=Onnahee.
Onancoke=Onancock.
Onandaga, Onandages, Onandagos, Onandgo, Onando-
gas=Onondaga.
Onankok= 9Onancock.
Onantagues= Onondaga.
Onaouientagos= Weendigo.
Onapien, Onapienes=Onapiem.
Onaucoke=Onancock.
Onaumanients=Onawmanient.
Onawaraghhare—Ganowarohare, Oneida (vil.).
Oncapapas= Hunkpapa.
Onchechaug= Patchoag.
Onch-pa-pah= Hunkpapa.
Oncidas=Oneida.
Onckeway=Uncowa.
Onconntehocks= A bnaki,
Onc-pah-pa, Oncpapa= Hunkpapa.
Ondadeonwas=Cherokee.
Ondages— Onondaga.
Ondataouaouat=—Ottawa.
Ondataouatouat=Illinois.
Ondatauauat, Ondatawawat—Ottawa.
Ondatouatandy= Potawatomi.
Ondawagas—Seneca.
Ondiakes= A bnaki.
Ondiondago—Onondaga.
Ondironon=Aondironon.
Ondoutaoiiaheronnon=Ondoutaouaka.
Ond8ta8aka=Ottawa.
Oneachquage=—Oquaga.
One-capapa= Hunkpapa.
One-daugh-ga-haugh-ga—Onondaga.
Onehohquages—Oquaga.
Oneida Castle—Ganowarohare.
Oneiout= Oneida (vil.).
Onejages= A bnaki.
OMAHAWS—ONONDAGAES
1109
Onejagese=Sokoki.
Onejoust=Oneida (vil.).
Onendagah—Onondaga (vil.).
Onengioure=Caughnawaga.
Onenhoghkwages, Oné. hokwa’ge=Oquaga.
O-né"-ta’’-ké=Onondaga.
Oneout= Oneida (vil.).
Oneugi8re, Onewyiure=Caughnawaga.
Onextaco=Onixaymas.
Oneydoes= Oneida.
Oneyoté=Goiogouen, Oneida (vil.).
Onghetgechaton, Onghetgéodatons—Oughetgeoda-
tons.
Ongmarahronon, Ongniarahronon, Onguiaahra—Ong-
niaahra,
On-gwa-no"'-syo"’/-ni’ = Iroquois.
Oniactmaws, Onias=Wea.
Oniasontke, Oniasont-Keronons= Honniasontkero-
non.
Oniatonons, Oniattanon=Wea.
Onie-le-toch=Oealitk.
Onieoute—Oneida (vil.).
Oni’hae, O-ni-’ha-o—Omaha.
Onillas= Wea.
Oninge, Oningo= Venango.
Onioen=Goiogouen.
Onionenhronnons, Oniouenhronon—Ca yuga.
Onipowisibiwininiwag—Onepowesepewenenewak.
Oniscousins= Wisconsin.
Onkapas=Oyukhpe.
Onkdaka=Oglala.
Onkinegans=Okinagan.
Onkowagannha=Ontwaganha.
Onkpahpah, Onkpapah= Hunkpapa.
Onlogamies= Foxes.
Onnachee=Onnahee.
Onnagonges, Onnagongues, Onnagongwe, Onnagon-
ques= A bnaki.
Onnandages, Onnatagues—Onondaga.
Onnatucks=Onuatuc.
Onnayayou= Honeoye.
Onneloté=Goiogouen.
Onneiou, Onneioute=Oneida (vil.).
Onnei8theronnon= Oneida.
Onnenatu=Deyodeshot.
Onnentagues=Onondaga.
Onnentissati=— Onentisati.
Onneyatte, Onnie8te=Oneida (vil.).
Onnogonges, Onnogongwaes= A bnaki.
Onnoncharonnons=Ononchataronon.
Onnondaga= Onondaga.
Onnondage=Onondaga (vil.).
Onnondages, Onnondagoes,
daga.
Onnondague=Onondaga (vil.).
Onnondagues=Onondaga.
Onnondaqué= Onondaga (vil.).
Onnongonges= A bnaki.
Onnoniote=—Oneida (vil.).
Onnonlages, Onnontaé=Onondaga.
Onnonta’e, Onnontae, Onnontaghé, Onnontagk, On-
nontagué—Onondaga (vil.).
Onnontaeheonnons, Onnontaeronnons, Onnontaghé,
Onnontagheronnons= Onondaga.
ares tal Onnontagué=Onondaga,
vil.).
Onnontaguehronnons, Onnontaguese, Ononntaguez
Onnontatae=Onondaga.
Onnontcharonnons=Ononchataronon.
Onnontoeronnons=Onondaga.
Onnosarage Castle=Ganowarohare.
Onnotagues=Onondaga.
Onnutague= Kanagaro.
Ono=Ona.
0-no-a’-la-gone-na=Onoalagona, Schenectady.
Onoaughquaga=Oquaga.
Onoconcquehagas= A bnaki.
Onocows= Konkau.
Ono-dauger—Canandaigua.
Onoganges= A bnaki.
Onoghguagy, Onoghquagey—Oquaga.
Ono ongoes, Onogonguas, Onogungos— A bnaki.
Onohoghgwage, Ono oghquaga, Onohoquaga, Onoh-
quauga—Oquaga.,
Onokonquehaga= A bnaki.
i fa Onondades, Onondaéronnons—Onon-
aga.
Onondaga Castle—Onondaga (vil.). ;
Onondagaes, Onondagah, Onondagas, Onondagers,
Onondages, Onondagez—= Onondaga.
Onnondagues=Onon-
Onondaga
1110
Onondagharie=Onondaghara.
Onondaghé, Onondagheronons, Onondagos, Ononda-
gues, Onondajas, Onondakes, Onondawgaws, Onon-
degas=Onondaga.
Onondowa’= Nundawao.
O-non-é-ka-ga-ha= Mandhinkagaghe.
Onongongues= Abnaki.
Ononhoghquage=Oquaga. ;
Ononiioté= Oneida (vil.).
O-no/-ni-o=Arikara.
Ononioté=Oneida (vil.).
Ononjete, Ononjoté=Oneida (vil.).
Onontaé, Onontaehronon, Onontaerhonons, Onontae-
ronons, Onontaerrhonons, Onontaez, Onontager,
Onontages, Onontaghés, Onontagué, Onontagueron-
nons, Onontagueronon, Onontaguese, Onontahé,
Onontaheronons= Onondaga.
Onontakaés=Ottawa.
Onontake, Onontatacet=Onondaga.
Onontchataranons, Onontchataronons, Onontchatero-
nons=Ononchataronon.
Ononthagues= Onondaga,
Onontiogas=Onnontioga.
Onoontaugaes= Onondaga.
Onoquagé, Onoquaghe=Oquaga.
Onossky= Ahtena.
Onothaca=Onathaqua.
Onoundages= Onondaga.
Onoyints=Oneida.
Oophi enikaciya= Anpanenikashika.
Onquilouzas= Opelousa.
Ontaanak=Ottawa.
Ontagamies= Foxes.
Ontagués= Onondaga.
Ontaonatz—Ottawa.
Ontaraeronon, Ontarahronon= Kickapoo.
Ontastoes=Conestoga.
Ontationoue= Nottoway.
Ontdwawies= Ottawa.
Ontehibouse=Chippewa.
Ontoagannha, Ontéagaunha=Ontwaganha.
Ontoouaganha= Ontwaganha.
Ontotonta=Oto.
Ontouagannha, Ont8agannha, Ontouagennha=Ont-
waganha.
Ontponies=Ontponea.
Onttaouactz— Ottawa.
Ontwagannha=Ontwaganha.
Onuatuck=Onuatue.
Onug-anigemut=Onuganuk.
Onughkaurydaaug=Seneca.
O-nun-da’/-ga-o-no, Onundagéga=Onondaga.
Onundawaga=Seneca.
Onundawgoes=Onondaga.
Onuntate-ha’ge—Juniata.
Onuntewakaa=Seneca.
O-nya-de-a‘-ka"/-hyat= Neodakheat.
Onyapes=Quapaw.
Onyauyah= Honeoye.
Ooailik, Ooallikh=Ualik.
Oochepayyan=—Chipewyan.
Oocooloo-Falaya=Oklafalaya.
Oocuca=Ocuca.
0-o-dam=Tepehuane.
Ood-za-téu= Utsehta.
Ooe-Asa=Tawasa.
Ooe-Asah=Ooeasa.
Oofé-ogoolas=Ofogoula.
Oogahlensie, Oogalenskie=Ugalakmiut.
Ooganok= Uganik.
Oogashik= Ugashik.
Oo-geoo-lik= Ugjulirmiut.
Ooglaamie, Ooglamie= Utkiavi.
Ooglit, Ooglitt=Uglirn.
Ooglovia=Uglovaia.
Oogovigamute, Oogowigamute—=Ugovik.
Oogueesik Salik, Ooguensik-salik-Innuits=Ukusik-
salirmiut.
Oo-gwapes=Quapaw.
Oohaiack= Akhiok.
Oohanick= Uganik.
Oohaskeck= Uhaskek.
Oohenoupa=Oohenonpa
0-6-ho-mo-i’-o, 0-ohomo-yo= Dakota.
Oohp=Navaho, Walapai.
Oohpap= Maricopa.
Ooiak, Ooiatsk= Uyak.
Oo-innakhtagowik, Ooinukhlagowik, Ooinuktago-
wik=Uinuk.
ONONDAGHARIE—OPOTO
[B. A. E.
Ookagamiut, Ookagamute=Ukak.
Oo-ka-na-kane=Okinagan.
Ookevok= Ukivokmiut.
Ookhogamute=Oknagak.
Ookivok=Ukivokmiut.
Ook-joo-lik= Ugjulirmiut.
Ook-tau-hau-zau-see= Uklahasasi.
Ookwolik= Ugjulirmiut.
Oolukak=Ulukakhotana.
Oo-ma-ha=Omaha.
Oomenak= Umana.
Oomiak-soak= Udluhsen.
Oomi-nu’-tqiu= Himoiyogqis.
Oomnak=Nikolski.
Oomoojek Yutes=Eiwhuelit.
Oonakagamute= Unakagak.
Oonakhtolik= Ungalik.
Oonalakleet= Unalaklik.
Oonalaska=TIliuliuk.
Oonalga, Oonalgenskoi= Unalga
Oonaligmute= Unaligmiut.
Oonancock=Onancock.
Oonangan=Aleut.
Oonangashik= Unangashik.
Ooncows= Konkau.
Oongenskoi= Unga.
Oon-harik=Unharik.
Oonoghquageys=Oquaga.
Oonongashik= Unangashik.
Oonontaeronnons=Onondaga.
Oop=Apache, Navaho, Walapai.
Oopap, Oopas= Maricopa.
Oopungnewing=Operdniving.
Ooqueesiksillik— U kusiksalirmiut.
Ooscooches, Oosechu=Osotchi.
Oosemite= A wani.
Oo-se-00-che, Ooseoochee= Osotchi.
Oos-ké-ma= Eskimo.
Oosoomite= A wani.
Oustanale, Oustanalle, Oostanaula, Oos-te-nau-lah,
Oostinawley= Ustanali.
Oostomas= Ustoma.
Ootagamis= Foxes.
Ootam= Pima.
Oote-lash-shoots=Ootlashoots.
Ootivakh, Ootiwakh, Ootkaiowik=Utkiavi.
Ootkeaviemutes, Ootkeavies= Utkiavinmiut.
Ootkooseek-Kalingmeoot= Ukusiksalirmiut.
Ootooka Mutes, Ootookas=Utukamiut.
Ootslashshoots= Ootlashoot.
06-tyi-ti=Cochiti.
Oouiatanons, O8iata8atenon= Wea.
Ooukia=Cahokia.
Oo-yapes=Quapaw.
Oozinkie= Uzinki.
Op= Apache.
0’-pa= Upan.
Opala=Opata.
Opanock=Ohanoak.
Oparsoitac— Upasoitac.
Opas= Maricopa.
Opasura=Oposura.
Opatas cogtiinachis—Coguinachi.
Opatas teguimas=Teguima.
Opate, Opauas=Opata.
Opea= Peoria.
Opechisaht, Opecluset, Ope-eis-aht—Opitchesaht.
0O-pe’-ki= Walpi.
Opemens d’Acheliny=Nopeming.
Openadyo, Openagi, Openagos, Openangos= Abnaki.
Opendachiliny=Pawating.
Openoches= Pohoniche.
Opet-ches-aht=Opitchesaht.
Opetsitar—Opitsat.
Opii— Hopi.
0-pi-ji-que, Opijiqui=— Walpi.
Opililea, Opilike, Opil’-‘lako=Opilhlako.
0-pil-thluc-co=Opilhlako.
O’pimittish Ininiwac=Nopeming.
O’pimmitish Ininiwuc=Cree.
Opings= Pompton.
Opisitar—Opitsat.
Opistopea=Opistopia.
Ople-goh=Takimilding.
Opocoulas=Ofogoula.
0-po-nagh-ke= Abnaki.
0-po-que=San Ildefonso.
Opoteppe=Opodepe.
Opoto—Oputo.
BULL. 30]
Oppegach, Oppegoeh=Opegoi.
Oppenago= Abnaki.
Op-pe-o= Opegol.
Oppernowick=Operdniving.
Oppe-yoh= Opegoi.
Opposians=Opossian.
Opquive, Opquivi=Walpi.
O-puh-nar’-ke= A bnaki.
O-pth nika-shing-ga=Upan.
Ogomiut=Okomiut.
Oquacho, Oquago—Oquaga.
O-qua-pas, Oquapasos=Quapaw.
Oqué-Loussas=Okalusa.
Oquitod=Oquitoa.
Oquwa, Oquwa-tdéa=Okuwa.
Orabi=Oraibi.
Orages= Osage.
Oraiba, Oraibe, Oraiby, Oraiva, Oraivaz, Oraive,
Oraivi=Oraibi.
Orakakes=Orapaks.
Orambe, Orante=Oraibi.
Orapack, Orapakas, Orapakes=Orapaks,
Orarians= Esquimauan Family, Eskimo.
Orawi, Oraybe, Oraybi, Orayve, Orayvee, Orayvi,
Orayxa=Oraibi.
Orcamipias, Orcampion, Orcampiou=Orcan.
Orcoquisa= Arkokisa.
Orcoquisac=San Agustin de Ahumada.
Orcoquisacs, Orcoquizas= Arkokisa.
Ore=Opata.
Oregon Jacks=Ntekem.
Orehbe, Oreiba=Oraibi.
Orendakes= Adirondack.
O-rey-be, Oriabe, Oribas, Oribe, Oribi=Oraibi.
Orientales= Penateka.
Original Pueblo=Aridian.
Orisca, Oriska, Oriske=Ganowarohare.
Orista, Oristanum= Edisto.
Oriva=Oraibi.
Orixa= Edisto.
Orke’=San Juan.
Orleans Indians=Karok.
Orondacks, Orondocks, Orondoes= Adirondack.
Orongouens=Cayuga.
Oron-nygh-wurrie-gughre=Onoalagona.
Oronoake, Oronoke=Woronock.
Oroondoks, Oroonducks= Adirondack.
Oropacks, Oropaxe=Orapaks.
Oroyson=Oroysom.
Orp= Apache.
Orquisaco= Arkokisa.
Orribies=Oraibi.
Orroyo= Pueblo del Arroyo.
Ortithipicatony= Tippecanoe.
Oruk=Arekw.
Orundacks= Adirondack.
Orunges= Mahican.
Orville=Lac Court Oreilles.
Oryina=Oraibi.
Osaéch-hano=Oshach.
Osaga= Osage.
ee e des Chenes, Osages of the Oaks=Santsuk-
in.
Osagi=Sauk.
Osaginang, Osaginawe=Saginaw.
Osaij= Hopi.
Osaki, Osankies=Sauk.
Osapa chitto—Sapa Chitto.
Osarge=Osage.
Osark=Ozark.
Osasigi=Osage.
Osatoves= Uzutiuhi.
Osaugeeg, Osaukies=Sauk.
Osault St Louis=Caughnawaga.
0’-saw-kee=Sauk.
O-saw-ses= Osage.
Osay= Hopi.
Osaybe=Oraibi.
Osayes=Osage.
Oscameches= Occaneechi.
Osceola’s Town=Withlako.
Oscillee=Ocilla.
Oscoochee=Osotchi.
Osédshi maklaks=Osage.
Oseegah=Itscheabine.
Ose-larneby=Assilanapi.
Oseooche=Osotchi.
Osett, Osette=Ozette.
Osevegatchies=Oswegatchie.
OPPEG ACH—O-THUN-GU-RAHS
Lili
Osewingo—Chenango.
Osh-a-chewan=Osetchiwan.
Oshahak= Dakota.
0’-sharts, Oshatsh—Oshach.
Oshawanoag=Shawnee.
Osheraca= Foxes.
O’shetchiwan=Osetchiwan.
Osheti Shakowin= Dakota.
Oshibwek= Chippewa.
0-sho-na=Oshonawan.
Osht-yal-a=Ostyalakwa.
Osiguevede=Osiquevede.
Osinies=Ozinies.
Osinipoilles= Assiniboin.
Osipees=Ossipee.
Osita= Wichita.
Ositchy=Osotchi.
ah age a Oskemanitigous = Oukiskimani-
touk,
Oski holba=Escooba.
Osmaxmik’é/lp=Osmakmiketlp.
Osochee= Osotchi.
Osoli=Oraibi.
Osooyoos= Nkamip.
Osotonoy, Osotteoez=Uzutiuhi.
Osoyoos=Nkamip.
Ospa=Ospo.
Osquisakamais=Oskquisaquamai.
Ossachile=Osachile.
Ossage= Osage.
Ossalonida=Assilanapi.
Osseegahs=Itscheabine.
Osse-gon= Ashegen.
Ossepe=Ossipee.
Ossernenon, Osserrion, Osseruenon=Caughnawaga.
Ossikanna=Seneca.
Ossineboine, Ossiniboine, Ossnobians= Assiniboin.
Ossonane, Ossosandué, Ossosané, Ossossaire=Ossos-
sane.
Ossoteoez, Ossotéoué, Ossotonoy, Ossotoues, Ossot-
teoez, Ossoztoues= Uzutiuhi.
Ossuchees=Osotchi.
Osswegatche=Oswegatchie.
Ostandousket=Sandusky.
Ostanghaes=Ostonwackin.
Ostiagaghroones, Ostiagahoroones=Chippewa.
Ostonoos= Ustanali.
Ostretchees, Osudshi, Osutchi—Osotchi.
Oswagatches, Oswagatic, Osweatchies, Osweegachio,
Osweegchie, Oswegachys, Oswegatches, Oswegat-
chy, Oswegatsy=Oswegatchie.
Oswichees, Oswichu=Osotchi.
Oswingo—Chenango.
Oswitcha, Oswitche, Oswitchee=Osotchi.
Otagamies= Foxes.
0-ta-har-ton=Otekhiatonwan.
Otahas=Ottawa.
Otakwanawe"runé"=Oquaga.
Otama= Pima.
Ota-na-sa-ga—Canadasaga.
0.tan.gan= Winnebago.
Otaoas=Ottawa.
Otaopabine= Watopapinah.
Ota8ais, Otaouaks, Otaous—Ottawa.
Otasee, Otasse=A tasi.
Ota’tshia widishi/anun=Otachia.
Otauas= Ottawa.
Otaulubis=Outurbi.
Otawa, Otawas, Otawaus, Otawawas—Ottawa.
Otaydchgo= Nanticoke.
Otchagras, Otchagros= Winnebago.
Otchaqua=Oathaqua.
Otchenti-Chakoang= Dakota.
Otchepése, Otchipoeses, Otchipois,
Otchipwe=Chippewa.
0-tchun-gu-rah= Winnebago.
Otcitca konsag=Outchichagami.
Otee toochinas=Otituchina.
Otehatonwan, Otehi-atonwan—Otekhiatonwan.
0-tel-le-who-yau-nau, Otellewhoyonnee= Hotalihuy-
ana.
Ot’el’-nna= Eskimo.
Otchipoises,
; Otenmarhem, Otenmarhen=Ointemarhen.
Otentas=Oto.
Oteqi-ato>wa=Otekhiatonwan.
Ote-toe, Oteuta, Otheues, Othoe, Othonez,
Othoues, Othouez, Othoves=Oto.
0-thun-gu-rahs= Winnebago.
Othos,
1112
Otiara8atenon= Wea.
Otickwagami= Nipissing.
0-til’-tin= Kutchakutchin.
Otina=Utina.
Otinanchahé=Joasseh.
Otisee=Atasi.
Otissee=A tasi.
Otjibwek—Chippewa.
ikea vik Utkiavi.
tot k!ial na’as xa/da-i— Otkialnaas-hadai.
Otkiavik, Otkiawik, Ot-ki-a-wing, Otkiwik="Utkiavi.
Otma= Attu.
Otmagra= Winnebago.
£0t na’as xa’da-i= Otnaas-hadai.
Otno-Khotana, Otnox tana—Ahtena.
Otoa=Toalli.
Otoctatas, Otoctotas, Otoe, Otoetata—Oto.
Otogamies= Foxes.
0-toh’-son=Oglala.
Otok-kok=Utuka.
Oto-kog-ameuts= Utukamiut.
Otokotouemi=Otaguottouemin.
Otomie=Omaha.
Otondiata, Otoniata, Otoniato—Tonihata.
Otonkah= Winnebago.
Otonnica=Tunica.
Otontanta= Oto.
Otopachgnato= Watopachnato.
Otopplata, Otoptata—Oto.
Otoseen=Atasl.
Ototantas, Ototata=Oto.
Ototchassi= Uzutiuhi
Otouacha=Toanche.
Otoutanta, Otoutantas Paoté=Oto.
Otowas, Otoways=Ottawa.
Otseningo, Otsiningo, Otsininko—Chenango.
Ots-on-waeken=Ostonwackin.
Otsotchaué, Otsotchoué, Otsotchove,
Uzutiuhi.
Otstonwackin=Ostonwackin.
Ottagamies, Ottagaumies= Foxes.
Ottah-wah, Ot-tah-way, Ottaouais, Ottaouets=Ot-
tawa.
Ottapoas=Chippewa.
Ottar-car-me, Ot-tar-gar-me= Foxes.
Ottasees=A tasi.
Ottauwah, Ottawacks, Ottawacs, Ottawaes, Ottawa-
gas, Ottawaies, Ottawak=—Ottawa.
Ottawa lake men=Lac Court Oreilles.
Ottawas of Blanchard’s Creek, Ottawas of Blanch-
ard’s Fork=Blanchard’s Fork.
Ottawawa, Ottawawaas, Ottawawe, Ottawawooes,
Ottawaws, Ottaway, Ottawwaws, Ottawwawwag,
Ottawwawwug=Otltawa.
Ot-tech-petl=Otshpeth.
Otter, Nation of the=Amikwa.
Ottersea, Ottesa, Ottessa—Atasi.
Ottewas=Ottawa.
Ottigamie, Ottigaumies, Ottiquamies— Foxes.
Ottisse, Ottissee= A tasi.
Otto, Ottoas—Oto.
Ottoawa=Ottawa.
Ottoes=Oto.
Ottogamis= Foxes.
Ottoos, Otto’s, Ottotatocs, Ottotatoes—Oto.
Ottova, Ottowaes, Ottowais=Ottawa.
Ottowas=Oto, Ottawa.
Ottowata, Ottowaus, Ottowauways, Ottowawa, Otto-
wawe, Ottowaws, Ottowayer, Ottoways, Ottowose,
Ottwasse= Ottawa.
O‘tu’ginti=Oqtogona,
0’-tu-kah=Utuka.
O-tun-nee=Crows.
Oturbe=Atarpe.
Otutaches=Oto.
Oua= Wea.
Ouabaches, Ouabachi= Wabash.
Ouabans=Ouabano.
Ouabash Nations= Wabash.
QOuabenakiouek, S8abenakis, Ouabenaquis, Ouabna-
quia=Abnaki.
Ouacé=Ouasouarini.
Quacha= Washa.
QOuachaskesouek= Wachaskesouek.
Quachegami= Wachegami.
Ouachibes=Ouachita.
Ouachipuanes=Chipewyan.
Quachites=Ouachita.
Quachtanons, Ouachtenons, Ouachtunon= Wea.
Otsoté=
OTIARA8ATENON—OUGAPA
[SB AS
Ouadbatons, Ouadebathons,
Battons= Wahpeton.
Ouadiche= Nabedache.
Ouaepetons= Wahpeton.
Ouae Utina=Utina.
Ouagoussac= Foxes.
Ouagoussak= Wakoawissojik.
Ouainco= Waco.
Ouaioumpoum= Wiam.
Ouakichs= Nootka.
QOuakicoms, Ouakikours= Wahkiakum.
Ouak8iechi.ek=Chisedec.
Ouakouingouechiouek= Wakouingouechiwek.
Quali=Ouasouarini.
Oualla-Oualla, Ouallas-Ouallas=Wallawalla.
8anabegoueks= Winnebago.
QOuanahinan= Kannehouan. »
Ouanchas= Washa.
8an8inak= Wewenoc.
Ouaouackecinatouek= Huron.
8a8aiation= Wea.
Quaouechkairini, Ouaouechkairiniouek— Weskarini.
Ouaouiartanons, Ouaouiatanoukak, Ouaouiatenonou-
kak= Wea.
Ouaouiechkairini, 8a8iechkarini8ek— Weskarini.
Ouaotiyartanons= Wea.
Ouapamo= Wapoo.
Ouapeontetons= Wazikute.
Ouapetons= Wahpeton.
Ouapetontetons= Wazikute.
8arasteg8iaks= Malecite.
8arinakiens= Wewenoc.
QOuaroronon=Ongniaahra.
Ouasaouanik=Ouasouarini.
Ouasiconteton= Wazikute.
Ouasitas= Ouachita.
Ouasouarim=Ouasouarini.
Ouasoys= Osage.
Ouassi=Ouasouarini.
Ouassitas= Ouachita.
Ouatabatonha= Wahpeton.
Ouatanons= Wea.
Ouatawais=Ottawa.
Ouatchita= Ouachita.
Ouatemanetons=Ocatameneton.
Ouatenon= Wea.
8atoeronnon, Ouatoieronon=Sauk.
Ouatonons= Wea.
Ouatoudx=Ottawa.
Quattonon= Wea.
Oubenakis, 8benakis= Abnaki.
Oubestamiouek= Bersiamite.
Oucahipoues=Chippewa.
Oucatonons= Wea.
Ouchage=Osage.
Ouchaouanag, Ouchawanag=Shawnee.
Ouchee= Yuchi.
Ouchessigiriniouek, Ouchestigotiek, Ouchestigouetch,
Ouchestigouets= Oukesestigouek.
Ouchibois, Ouchipawah, Ouchipoe, Ouchipoves=Chip-
pewa.
Ouchitaws= Wichita.
Ouchuchlisit, Ou-chuk-lis-aht=Uchucklesit.
Oudebaetons= Wahpeton.
8eanohronons= Wenrohronon.
Oueas= Wea.
Ouedle=Uedle.
Semess8rit, Ouemessourit= Missouri.
Ouenabegouc= Winnebago.
Ouendat, 8endat= Huron.
Quenebegonhelinis=Ouinebigonhelini.
Quenebegons, Ouenebigonchelinis, Ouenibigonc, Oue-
nibigoutz= Winnebago.
8enrio=Ouenrio.
Quenro nation, 8enroronons= Wenrohronon.
QOuentouoronons=Seneca.
8e8eskariniens= Weskarini.
Oueperigoueiaouek= Weperigweia.
QOuescharini= Weskarini.
Oueschekgagamiouilimy = Oschekkamegawenene-
wak.
Ouesconsins= Wisconsin.
Ouesperies= Uzutiuhi.
Oufe Agoulas, Oufé Ogoulas, Oufe Ogulas,
ouglas, Oufi-Ougulas=Ofogoula.
Oufotu=Uzutiuhi.
Ougagliakmuzi-Kinaia= Knaiakhotana.
Ougalachmioutsy, Ougalentze= Ugalakmiut.
Ougapa=Quapaw.
Ouadebatons, Oua de
Oufe-
iain
BULL. 30]
Ougatanous= Wea.
Oughalakhmute, Oughalakmute, Oughalentze—Ugal- |
akmiut.
Oughquaga, Oughquageys, Oughqugoes=Oquaga.
Oughquissasnies=Saint Regis.
Oughtella=A waitlala.
Ougnagok— Unga.
Ougpauk=Okpaak.
Ouguapas=Quapaw.
Ouh-papas= Hunkpapa.
QOuiagies— Mahican.
Ouias, Ouiatanon, Ouiatenons, Ouiatinons, Ouiato-
nons, Ouiattanon, Ouiattons, Ouicatonans= Wea.
QOuichaatcha=Osage.
Quichitaws= Wichita.
Ouichram=Tlakluit.
Quidachenaton, Ouidaougeouaton, Ouidaougeouma-
ton, Ouidaougeounaton, Ouidaugeounaton =
Oughetgeodatons.
QOuidiches= Nabedache.
Ouileute=—Quileute.
Ouillas= Wea.
QOuillequegaws=K walhioqua.
Ouimiamies= Miami.
Quinepeag, Ouinipegong, Ouinipegou, Ouinipegouec,
Ouinipégotiek, Ouinipigou= Winnebago.
Ouioen=Goiogouen.
Quioenrhonons, Ouiouenronnons=Cayuga.
Ouisconsins, 8iskonche, Ouiskonches= Wisconsin.
Ouispe=Ofogoula.
QOuitanans, Ouitanons, Ouitatotnons= Wea.
Ouitcitas= Wichita.
Ouithloko=Withlako.
QOuitimaus= Wea.
Oujalespious, Oujalespoitons, Oujalespoitous=Ouja-
tespouitons.
Oujatanons= Wea.
Oujatespouetons=Oujatespouitons.
aanees— Okchayi.
Oukinegans=Okinagan.
Oukivak=Ukivok.
Ouknadok=Uknodok.
Oukouingouechiouek= Wakouingouechiwek.
Oukskenah= Klamath.
Oukviktoulia=Opiktulik.
Oukwak=Ukivok.
Oulchionis=Dulchioni.
Ouloulatines=Olulato.
Ouma= Huma.
Oumalominis, Oumalouminek, Oumaloumines, Ouma-
louminetz= Menominee.
Oumamens, Oumami, Oumamik= Miami.
Oumamiois=Bersiamite, Oumamiwek.
Oumamioucks=Bersiamite.
8mami8ek, 8mami8ekhi= Oumamiwek.
Oumamiwek=Bersiamite.
Oumanies= Miami.
Oumaniouets, Oumanois=Oumamiwek.
Oumaominiecs= Menominee.
Oumas= Huma.
Oumatachiiriouetz=Oumatachi.
Oumeami, Oumiamies= Miami.
Oumisagai= Missisauga.
QOu-missouri= Missouri.
Ou-Monssonis= Monsoni.
Ounabonims= Menominee.
Ounachkapiouek, Ounadcapis= Nascapee.
Ounagountchaguélioug-iout=Jugelnute.
Ounag-touli= Ungalik.
Ounalaklik= Unalaklik.
Ounangan=Eskimauan Family.
Ounasacoetois= Nassauaketon.
Ounascapis= Nascapee.
8natchatazonons=Ononchataronon.
Ouneiout, Ounejout=Oneida (vil.).
Ounepigous= Winnebago.
Ounescapi= Nascapee.
-Ounga= Unga.
Ounhann-Kouttane= Unakhotana.
Ounikanes=Amikwa.
Ounneiout=Oneida (vil.).
Ounnenatu=Deyodeshot.
Ounontcharonnous, Ounountchatarounongak=Onon-
chataronon.
Ounspik—Ofogoula.
Ountchatarounounga=Ononchataronon.
Ouoghquogey=Oquaga.
OQuoguens=Goiogouen.
Oupapa=Quapaw.
OUGATANOUS—OUTOUAGANNHA
1113
Oupapinachiouek, Oupapinachi8ekhi,
i8ku= Papinachois.
Ouperigoue ouaouakhi= Weperigweia.
Oupouteouatamik= Potawatomi.
Ouquagos—Oquaga.
Ourages, Ouragies= Mahican.
Ouramanichek=Oumamiwek.
Ouraouakmikoug= Outaouakamigouk.,
Ouristigouche= Restigouche.
Our Lady. See Nuestra Sefiora.
Our Lady of Sorrows and Saint Anthony of Sandia=
Sandia.
Ouroctenon= Wea.
Ous=Osage.
Ousaki, Ousakiouek=Sauk.
Ousasons, Ousasoys= Osage.
Ousatannock Indians, Ousatunnuck=Stockbridge.
Ousauches=Osotchi.
Ousetannuck=Stockbridge.
Ousita= Wichita.
Ousolu= Uzutiuhi.
Ousontiwi, Ousoutiwy=Uzutiuhi.
Ouspie, Oussipes=Ofogoula.
Oustaca, Oustack, Oustacs=Westo.
Oustanale, Oustanalle=Ustanali.
Oustestee= Ustisti.
Oustonnoc=Stockbridge.
Outabitibek, Outabytibis— A bittibi.
Outachepas=Chippewa.
Outagami, Outagamie-ock, Outagamiouek, Outag-
amy= Foxes.
Outaganons= Wea.
Outagomies= Foxes.
8tak8ami8ek, Qutakouamiouek, Outakouamiwek=
Attikamegue.
Outantes=Oto.
Outaois, Outaoise, Outaonacs, Outaotiacs=Ottawa.
Outa8acs, 8ta8acs, Outaoiiaes, 8ta8aés—Ottawa.
Outaouae Sinagos—Sinago.
Outaouagamis= Foxes.
Outaouagas, Outaouaies, Outaouais, Outa8ais, 8ta-
8ais= Ottawa.
Outaouak of the Sable=Sable.
Outaouaks=Ottawa.
Outaouaks Sinagaux=Sinago.
Outaouan, Outaouaos, Outaouas, Outa8as, 8ta8as—
Ottawa.
Outaouasinagouk=Sinago.
Outaouas of Talon=Otontagan.
Outaouats, Outaouaus, Outaouax, Outaouays, Outa-
oues, Outaouis= Ottawa.
8ta8kot8emi8ek— Otaguottouemin.
Outaouois, Outa80is—Ottawa.
Outaouoisbouscottous, Outaouois
Bouscouttou.
Outaoutes, Outa8uas, Outaovacs, Outaovas, Outa-
owaies= Ottawa.
Outapa=Ibitoupa.
Outarwas=Ottawa.
Outatibes=A bittibi.
Outauaes, Outauas, Outauies, Outauois, Outavis,
Outavois, Outawacs, Outawais, Outawas, Outa-
wase=Ottawa.
Outawas Sinagos=Sinago.
Outawawas, Outaway, Outawies, Outawois—Ottawa.
Outaypes=Ibitoupa.
Outchibouec, Outchibous=Chippewa.
Outchichagamiouetz=Outchichagami.
Outchioung, Outchiouns=Uchium.
Outchipoue, Outchipwais=Chippewa.
Outchitak-Mioute= Uchtak.
Outchouguets=Outchougai.
Outduaocis= Ottawa.
Outehipoues—Chippewa.
Outemiskamegs=Temiscaming.
Outentontes=Oto.
Outeonas=Ottawa.
Outias= Wea.
Outichacouk= Atchatchakangouei
Outigamis= Foxes.
Outimacs=Ottawa.
Outina=Utina.
Outinon= Wea.
Outiskouagami, Outisquagamis— Nipissing.
Outitchakouk=Atchatchakangouen.
Outlaw=Pinutgu.
Outoagamis, Outogamis= Foxes.
Outontagans, Outouacks, Outouacs=Ottawa.
Outouagamis= Foxes.
Outouagannha=Shawnee.
Oupapinach-
Bouscouttons=
1114
Outouais, Outouaouas=Ottawa. :
Outougamis= Foxes.
Outouloubys=Outurbi.
Outouvas, Outowacs=Ottawa.
Outpankas, Outponies=Ontponea.
Outsotin= Hwotsotenne.
Outtagamies, Outtagaumie, Outtagomies= Foxes.
Outtamacks, Outtaois, Outtaouacts, Outtaouatz,
Outta8es, Outtaouis, Outtauois, Outtawaats, Out-
tawas, Outtoaets=Ottawa.
Outtongamis, Outtouagamis— Foxes.
Outtouatz—Ottawa.
Outtougamis= Foxes.
Ouxeinacomigo=Sinago.
0-iixtxitan—Osage.
Ou yaku Ilnige= Aoyakulnagai.
QOuyapes, Ouyapez—Quapaw.
Ouyas, 8yas, 8yatanon, Ouyatanons= Wea.
Ouyatespony=Oujatespouitons.
eae nn 8yatonons, Ouyattanons, Ouyaws=
ea.
Ouyopetons= Wahpeton.
Ouyslanous= Wea.
Ovadebathons= Wahpeton.
Ovagitas= Wichita.
Ova’/gots=Wharhoots.
Ovas=lowa, Jova.
Ovedsitas= Wichita.
Overhill Creeks=Upper Creeks.
Ovkérok= Ukivok.
Ovvendoes= Owendos.
Owago—Owego.
Owaha, Owahas=Omaha.
Owandats= Huron.
Owaragees= Mahican.
Owassa= Hiwassee.
Owasse wi'dishi’anun=Owasse.
Oways= Kiowa.
Oweantonoge= Weantinock.
Oweatumka= Wetumpka.
Oweckano, 0-wee-kay-no, Oweekayo— Wikeno.
Owegé, Owegey, Owegi, Owegy, Oweigey=Owego.
Owekofea=Weogutka.
Op eneRuneas, Owenagunges, Owenagungies—Ab-
naki.
Owendaets, Owendats= Huron.
Owendoes=Owendos.
Owendot= Huron.
Owen’s River Indians= Kotsava.
Owens Valley Paiutes=Petenegowats.
Owenungas= A bnaki.
Owhat, Owhat-td6a=Okuwa.
Owhillapsh= K walhioqua.
Owhu, Owhi-tdoa=Okuwa.
Owia-lei-toh=Oealitk.
wilapsh= K walhioqua, Willopah.
Owitchees=Osotchi.
Owit-lei-toh=Oetlitk.
Owongos= Kowanga.
Owseecheys=Osotchi.
Oxiailles=Okchayi.
Oxitahibuis—Ojiataibues.
Oxmulges=Ocmulgee.
Oxomiut=Okomiut.
Oxquoquiras=Arkokisa.
Oyachtownuk Roanu= Wea.
Oyadackuchraono, Oyadagahroenes, Oyadage’-ono,
0-ya-da/-go-o-no=—Cherokee.
Oydgamut=Kuskwogmiut.
Oyaghtanont= Wea.
Oyak=Kuskwogmiut.
Oyanders= Mohawk.
Oyatage-ronon=Cherokee.
O-ya-tay-shee-ka, Oyate-citca, Oyate si¢a—Oyate-
shicha.
Oyatonons= Wea.
Oyaudah—Cherokee.
Oydica=Oydican.
Oyelloightuk=Oealitk.
Oyer-lal-lah=Oglala.
Oyique=Oyike.
Oynondage= Onondaga (vil.).
Oyoa=Iowa.
Oyogouins—Cayuga.
Oypatoocoola, Oypat oocooloo—Oypatukla.
Oytapars, Oytapayts=Oapars.,
Oyty-aht=Oiaht.
Oyulpe, Oyugqpe=Oyukhpe.
Oyyatanous= Wea.
OUTOUAIS—PADOWAGAS
{B. A. 2.
Ozages= Osage.
0-zai=Oraibi.
Ozajes, Ozanges=Osage.
Ozanghe'darankiac—Sagaduhoc.
Ozaras, Ozarrar= Maricopa.
Ozas= Osage.
Oz-ash= Wazhazha.
Ozaukie=Sauk.
Ozeailles=Okchayi.
Ozembogus=Ozanbogus.
Ozenick=Ozenic.
Ozenies=Ozinies.
| Ozi=Oraibi.
Ozimies=Ozinies
Ozinieke=Ozenic.
Ozotheoas, Ozotoues= Uzutiuhi.
Pa-a’-bi-a=Payabya.
Paachiquis= Pacuaches.
Paaco=Paako.
Paalat=Pajalat.
Paanese=Saponi.
Paante=Panthe.
Pa Bda-ska=Salish.
Pabierni/n=Keresan Family.
Pa-¢a’/= Patha.
Pacaha=Quapaw.
Pacahuches= Pakawa.
Pacamas=Pacana.
Pacamteho, Pacamtekock, Pacamtekookes=Pocom-
tue.
Pacanacot= Pokanoket.
Pacanas= Pacana.
Pacanaukett, Pacanawkite= Pokanoket.
Pacanche= Pakanchi.
Pacanokik= Pokanoket.
Pacaos=Pakawa.
Pacarabo=Cheyenne.
Paccamagannat= Paccamagannant.
Pacer band of Apaches= Kiowa Apache.
Pacha, Pacha, Pachac=Patzau.
Pachagues=Parchaque.
Pachai= Patzau.
Pachajuen=Pataguo.
Pachalaca, Pachalate=Pachalaque.
Pachales=Pachal.
Pachalgagu=Pachalaque.
Pachami, Pachamins= Nochpeem.
Pachanga=Temecula.
Pachany=Tankiteke.
Pachao= Pakawa.
Pacha Oglouas, Pacha-Ogoulas= Pascagoula.
Pachaques= Parchaque.
Pachaug, Pachaxa=Patzau.
Pacheena, Pacheenett, Pachenah= Pacheenaht.
Paches= Apache.
Pachgatgoch=Scaticook.
Pachimis='l'ankiteke.
Pachoches= Pakawa, Parchaque.
Pachough=Patchoag.
Pachquadnach= Wechquadnach.
Pachtolik= Pastolik.
Pachules=Pachal.
qagin= Pawnee.
aadi"-maha®=Skidi.
Pagin-diza= Arikara.
garin wasabé= Wichita.
ackachooge= Pakachoog.
Packamins=Tankiteke.
Packanoki, Packanokick= Pokanoket.
Packemitt=Punkapog.
Pack-wans=Pekwan.
Pacoas=Pakawa.
Pacomtuck=!’ocomtue.
Paconekick= Pokanoket.
Pacos=Pakawa.
Pacotucke= Pawcatuck.
Pacotucketts=Wamesit.
Pacpoles= Pacpul.
Pacuaches, Pacuas=Pakawa.
Pacuchianis=Pacuachian.
Padacus=Comanche.
Pa-dai-na, Pa-da/-ni, Padani Masteta— Pawnee.
Padanka, Padaws, Padducas=Comanche.
Pad-gee-li-gau=Padshilaika.
Pa-dje’ ga-dzhi»=Padzhegadzhin.
Padokas, Padoncas, Padonees, Padoo, Padoucahs,
Padoucas, Padoucee=Comanche.
Padowagas=Seneca.
a
BULL. 30]
Paduca, Paducahs, Paducas, Paduka=Comanche.
Paegan=Piegan.
Paego= Pecos.
Pa-e-guns=Piegan.
Pae-qo, Paequiu, Pae-quiua-la— Pecos.
Pa-erks= Eskimo.
Pae-yoq/ona= Pecos.
Pagago= Papago.
Pagampache, Pagampachis—Pahvant.
Paganavo—Cheyenne.
Pagans=Piegan.
Pagasett=Paugusset.
Paghhuntanuck= Pauhuntanue.
Pagnati=Paguate.
Pagnines= Paisin.
Pagninoas=Bokninuwad.
Pago= Pecos.
Pagonotch= Paiute.
Pagos= Pecos.
Pagosines=Paisin.
Pagouitik— Pawating.
Pagowitch, Pagowits— Navaho.
Pagsin=Paisin.
Paguaches= Pacuaches.
Paguachis=Pakawa, Pacuaches.
Paguampe=Pahyant.
Pagui=Tagui.
Paguichic, Paguichique—Pagaichi.
Pagu-uits, Pa/-gu-wets= Navaho.
Pagwaki=Pequaw ket.
Pag-wa-nu-chi= Uinta.
Pa-ha-hi’-a= Payabya.
Pa-ha-sa-bé= Mescaleros.
Pa-ha-sea, qgahatsi= Pahatsi.
Pah Baxa, Pah-bax-ahs=Pabaksa.
Pah-Edes= Paiute.
Pa-hed-ke-teh-a Village=Papakeecha,
oe Pahatsi.
ah-huh-hach-is= Pohoniche.
Pahi Mahas=Skidi.
Pah-kah-nah-vo—Cheyenne.
Pahkee=Siksika.
Pahk-wans=Pekwan.
Pahlachocolo=A palachicola.
Pa‘hlai=Cochiti.
Pah-lo-cho-ko-los= Apalachicola.
Pahmetes= Paiute.
Pahneug= Pawnee.
Pahnutes Utahs=Paiute.
Pa-ho-cha, Pa-ho-dje, Pa-ho-ja—Iowa.
Pahés’-hadsho= Baboen li
Pahouitingdachirini, Pahouiting8ach Irini=Pawat-
ing.
Pah8tet=Iowa.
Pah Ranagats, Pah-rdn-né, Pah-Reneg-Utes=Paran-
iguts.
Pah-ri-sa-pah= Paiute.
Pah-to-cahs=Comanche.
Pah-Touts= Paiute.
Pahuanan=Paguanan.
Pahuata=Paguate.
Pahucae, Pa-hu-cha—Iowa.
Pahui=Tagui.
Pahusitahs, Pah-Utah, Pah-Utes=Paiute.
Pah-Vantes, Pahvants, Pah-Vauts, Pah Vents, Pah-
vontee=Pahvant.
P’shwia‘hliap=San Ildefonso.
Pah-witing-dach-irini, Pahwittingdach-irini= Pa wat-
ing.
Pa/-i= Pawnee.
Paia, Paiaia, Paialla—Payaya.
Pai a’ti= Paiute.
Paiaya=Payaya.
Pa-ifan amim=Alsea.
Pai-Ides= Paiute.
Pai’-in-kqwi/-t’¢u=Paiinkkhwutthu.
Paik=Siksika.
Paikanavos, Paikandoos—Cheyenne.
Paikawa, Paikawan=Pakawa.
Paiki= Paki.
Pailishs=Copalis.
Paillailles=Payaya.
Paille Coupée=Buckaloon.
Pailsh, Pailsk=Copalis.
Pail-uk-sun=Sailupsun.
Paimjut, Paimut, Paimute=Paimiut.
Painé= Pawnee.
Pain-pe-tse menay= Dakota.
Paint Creek Town=Chillicothe.
PADUCA—PALM SPRINGS
| Palaquechaune,
1115
Painted Heart Indians=Skitswish.
Painted Indians= Pintados.
Paisans, Les=Seneca.
Paisau=Patzau.
Paiuches= Paiute.
Paiugan, Paiuguan—Payuguan.
Pai’-u-i-yu’-nit t’¢ai= Paiuiyunitthai.
Paiulee, Paiutes, Pai-yu’chimi, Pai-yiadshi,Pai-yu’ts¥
=Paiute.
Paiztat=Patzau.
Pajalache=Pachalaque.
Pajalaches, Pajalames=Pajalat.
Pajalaques=Pajalat, Pachalaque.
Pajalat, Pajalatames, Pajalites—Pajalat.
Pajaritos—Troomaxiaquino.
Pajaro Pinto—Tshirege.
Pa-jeh=Patki.
Pajoaque, Pajuagne, Pajuaque— Pojoaque.
Pajuate=Paguate.
Pajuguan= Payuguan.
Pakabaliyi—San Juan.
Pa’/-kab nyi-mi, Pakab winwi, Pa/-kab wiin-wi=
Pakab.
Pakachoag= Pakachoog.
Pa/-ka-mal-li= Pakamali.
Pakanas=Pacana.
.P4-ka-na-vo, Pa-ka-na-wa—Cheyenne.
Pakanawkett= Pokanoket.
Pa-kan/-e-pul=Tubatulabal.
Pakanoki, Pakanokick= Pokanoket.
Pakan’-Talahassi= Pakan-Tallahassee.
Pakashoag, Pakaskoag=Pakachoog.
Pakatucke=Paweatuck.
Pakauds= Pequot.
Pakawai=Pakawa.
Pake= Paki.
Pa‘kegamang=Pokegama.
Pakeist=Pekaist.
Pakemitt, Pakenit=Punkapog.
Pa/kiut-léma= Yakima.
Pak-ka-na=Pacana.
Pakoango= Unami.
Pakodch-cog=Pakachoog.
Pakomit= Punkapog.
Pakota= Dakota.
Pa-kua=Pakwa.
Pa-kuh’-tha=Iowa, Pakhtha.
Paku’parai, Pakuqhalai=San Juan.
Pak-wan=Pekwan.
Pa/-kwa wun-wi=Pakwa.
Pakwik= Paugwik.
Pakwiti=San Ildefonso.
Pa’l-ab=Cochiti.
Palache, Palachees= Apalachee.
Palachicolas, Palachocalas, Palachoocla,
chooc-la, Pa-la-chooc-le, Palachuckolas,
chuola= Apalachicola.
Palagueques, Palaguessons=Palaquesson.
Pa’ lahuide=Cochiti. :
Palaihnih=Palaihnihan Family, Shastan Family.
Palaihnihan, Palaik—Shastan Family.
Palaiks=Palaihnihan Family.
Palainik—Shastan Family.
Palana winwi=Palanya.
Pa-la’-ni= Pawnee.
Palanshan, Palanshawl=Tsulamsewi.
Palaquechauré, Palaquechone,
Palaquesones, Palaquessous=Palaquesson.
Palatcy= Apalachee.
Palatka=Pilatka.
Palatkwapi=Palatkwabi.
Pa-la-wa’=Palewa.
Palawi=Coyoteros.
Palaxy= Apalachee.
Pal-e’-um-mi= Paleuyami.
Palewa=Palawa. :
Pa ‘lizen ab ponin=Chiricahua.
Pallalat=Pajalat.
Pallalla=Payaya.
Pallalts=Pilalt.
Pallatapalla=Paloos.
Pallaya—Payaya.
Pallegawonép—Tubatulabal.
Pallet-to Pallas=Paloos.
Pal-li-ga-wo-nap’=Tubatulabal.
Pallotepallers, Pallotepellows=Paloos.
Palma=Pauma.
Palma’s rancheria=San Dionysio.
Palm-kech-emk= Pan.
Palm Springs=Sechi.
Pa-la-
Pala-
1116
Paloas, Palloatpallah—=Paloos.
Paloguessens= Palaquesson.
Palona, Palonnas= Palomas.
Pallotepallors, Palooche, Paloose, Palouse=Paloos.
Palquesson= Palaquesson.
Paltatro=Paltatre.
Paltocac= Partocac.
Pa/lu= Paviotso.
Pa-lin-am wun-wi=Palanya.
Palus= Paloos.
Paluxies, Paluxsies= Biloxi.
Palvas= Paloos.
Pal-wish-a=Badwisha.
Pamacacack, Pamacaeack, Pamacocack=Pamaco-
eac.
Pamanes= Pausanes.
Pamanuk, Pamanuke, Pamaomeck= Pamunkey.
Pamaquid= Pemaquid.
Pamareke= Pamunkey.
Pamassa, Pamasus= Wichita.
Pamauke, Pamaunk, Pamaunkes, Pamaunkie=Pa-
munkey.
Pamauuaioc=Pomouic.
Pamavukes=Pamunkey.
Pambizimena= Dakota.
Pameik= Pomeioc.
Pames= Pausanes.
Paimisahagi=Pamissouk.
Pamit= Pamet.
Pamitaris’ town=Pimitoui.
Pamlicough= Pamlico.
Pammahas=Skidi.
Pamnaouamske, Pamna8amske= Penobscot.
Pamnit=Pamet.
Pamonkies= Pamunkey.
Pamozanes= Pamoranos.
Pampapas= Pamposas.
Pampe Chyimina= Dakota.
Pamphleco, Pampleco= Pamlico.
Pampoas, Pampopas, Pampos= Pamposas.
Pamptaco, Pamptecough, Pamptego, Pamptichoe,
Pampticoe, Pampticoke, Pampticough, Pamptu-
cough, Pamtico, Pamticough= Pamlico.
Pamua=Pauma.
Pamunkies=Pamunkey.
Pamunky=Pamacocac.
Pana= Ponca.
Panacas= Pacana.
Panack= Bannock.
Panagamsdé= Penobscot.
Panagues= Pamaques.
Panahamsequit= Penobscot.
Panai Proper=Chaui.
Panaite, Panak= Bannock.
Panaloga=Comanche.
Panampskéwi, Panamské= Penobscot.
Panana= Pawnee.
Pananaioc= Pomouic.
Pananan= Pawnee.
Pananarocks, Panannojock, Pananuaioc= Pomouic.
Pana-ompskek, Panaomské, Panaonke, Panaouames-
ké, Panaouamké, Panaouamsde, Pana8amsdé, Pan-
aouamské, Pana8amské, Pana8amsket, Panaouams-
quée, Panaouanbskek, Panaouanké, Panaouaske,
Panaoumski, Panaounké, Panaouské=Penob-
seot.
Panaquanike= Quinnipiac.
Panaquid= Pemaquid.
Pana’s= Ponca.
Panascan= Pasnacanes.
Panasht= Bannock.
Panawamské, Panawamskik, Panawaniské=Penob-
scot.
Panawanscot=Oldtown.
Panawanske, Panawanskek= Penobscot.
Panawapskek=Oldtown.
Panawopskéyal= Penobscot.
Panayki= A bnaki.
Pancacola= Pensacola.
Pancaké= Kansa.
Pancas= Ponca.
Pancasa, Pancassa= Wichita.
Pancaws= Ponca.
Panches=Tabeguache.,
Pandoga, Pandouca—Comanche.
Panea Republicans=Kitkehabki.
Paneas= Pawnee.
Paneassa= Wichita.
Pa-nee=Chaui.
PALOAS—PAOUTEES
[B. A. B.
Panego= Panequo.
Pa-nel-a-kut=Penelakut.
Paneloga, Panelogo, Paneloza=Comanche.
Panemaha=Skid1.
_ Panes= Pawnee.
Panetoca, Panetonka=Comanche.
Pangkaws, Patyka= Ponca.
Path’ ka wacta’ye= Panhkawashtake
Pani= Dakota, Pawnee.
Pania= Ponca.
Paniaisa= Wichita.
Pania Loups=Skidi.
Pania Lousis, Pania Luup=Skidi.
Pania-Picque, Pania Pique= Wichita.
Pania Republican=Kitkehahki.
Panias= Pawnee.
Panias Loups=Skidi.
Panias proper, Panias propres=Chaui.
Panias républicains, Panias Republican—Kitke-
hahki.
Paniassas= Wichita.
Panies= Pawnee.
Panimachas, Panimaha, Panimaha's, Pani-Mahaws,
fetes hi, Panimakas, Panimalia, Panimalis=
idi.
Panimassas= Wichita.
Panimoas, Panimoha=Skidi.
Pan/-in= Pawnee.
Panionassa, Paniouassa, Panioussa, Paniovasas=
Wichita.
Panipiques, Panipiquet, Paniques=Tawehash.
Panis= Pawnee.
Panis Blancs= Pani Blane, Pawnee.
Panisciowa= Pineshow.
Panislousa, Panismahans, Panis Mahas=Skidi
Panis noirs, Panis piques= Wichita.
Panis Republican= Kitkehahki.
Panis ricaras= Arikara.
Panivacha=Skidi.
Pani-wasaba, Panjas= Wichita.
Pan’-ka, Panka, Pan’ka"= Ponca.
Pankapog= Punkapog.
Pank unikaci® ga= Pankunikashinga.
Pannacks, Pannah, Pannakees= Bannock.
Pannamaha=Skidi.
Pannaouamské, Panna8amski, Panna8anskeins, Pan-
na8apské, Pannawanbskek= Penobscot.
Panneh= Allakaweah.
Panniassas= Wichita.
Pannimalia=Skidi.
Pann8anskeans= Penobscot.
Panoirigoueiouhak= Pawating.
Panomnik= Panamenik.
Panouamké, Panouamsdé, Panotamské, Pan8am-
ské= Penobscot.
Panoucas=Comanche.
Panoiimsqué, Panouske, Pan8umské= Penobscot.
Panpacans= Panpakan.
Panquiaug= Pyquaug.
Pansacolas= Pensacola.
Pantch pinunkansh=Chitimacha.
Pa tdda= Pang.
Pant-ham-ba=San Cristébal.
Panther gens=Tangdhangtankaenikashika,
Pantico, Panticoes, Panticoughs= Pamlico.
Pants Mahas=Skidi.
Panukkog=Pennacook.
Panumits=Serranos.
Pdan-wa= Pangwa.
Panwapskik= Penobscot.
Pan’-wa wiin-wi, Panwi winwui=Pangwa.
Pany, Panyi= Pawnee.
Panyi puca=Arikara.
Panyi wagéwe= Wichita.
Panys= Pawnee.
Panzacola= Pensacola.
Pa 0-bde’-ca=Salish.
Paoducas=Comanche.
Paola= Puaray.
Paomet= Pamet.
Paoneneheo, Paoninihiiu, Paonis= Pawnee.
Paonte=Panthe.
Paontetack= Pontetoc.
Paoté=Iowa.
Paouichtigouin, Paouitagoung, Paouitigoueieuhak=
Chippewa.
Paouitikoungraentaouak= Pawating.
Paouitingouach-irini= Chippewa.
| Paoutées, Paoutés, Paoutez—Iowa.
BULL. 30]
Papabi-cotam, Papabi-Ootam, Papa’bi-Otawas, Papa-
bos, Papabotas= Papago.
Papaconck= Papagonk.
Papaga, Papagi, Papago-cotam, Pa-Pagoe, Papagoes=
Papago.
Papagonck= Papagonk.
Papagoose, Papagos= Papago.
Papagos Arenanos=Sand Papago.
Papah-a’atam, Papahi-Ootam, Papah’o, Papahotas=
Papago.
Papajichic—Papagichic.
Papajos, Papalotes, Papani, Papa-Otam, Papapootam,
Papap Ootan, Papap-Otam= Papago.
Papasquiara=Papasquiaro.
Papavicotam, Papavos, Papawar, Papayos= Papago.
Papechigunach= Restigouche.
Papelotes= Pupago.
Papenachois= Papinachois.
Papia Louisis=Skidi.
Papigo= Papago.
Papikaha=Quapaw.
Papillion=Skwailuh.
Papinachaux, Papinaches, Papinachiois, Papinachi-
8ekhi, Papinakiois, Papinakois, Papinanchois, Pa-
pipanachois, Papiragad’ek= Papinachois.
Papitsinima= Dakota.
Papivaches= Papinachois.
Papka, Papkamiut= Kuskwogmiut.
Pa’pk’um=Popkum.
Paponeches= Papinachois.
Papounan’s Town=Wyalusing.
Papshpiin-‘léma=Kalispel.
Paga’mali=Pakamali.
Pa’-qga=Pakhtha.
Paqocte, Pa’-qo-tce=Iowa. °
aaqpu’ iniqki‘acta= Pakhpuinihkashina.
Pa-qu=Paako.
Paquaanocke=Poquonnac.
Paquakig=Pequawket.
Paquanaug, Paquanick= Poquonnoc.
Paquatauog= Pequot.
Paquatuck, Paquatucke= Pawcatuck.
Paquea= Piqua.
Paquirachic= Pahuirachic.
P’a-qu-lah= Pecos.
Pa’-qu-te, Pa’qujsé=Iowa.
Para=Puretuay.
Parabuyeis=Tawehash.
Parachoocla, Parachuctaus= Apalachicola.
Paraconos= Pamuncoroy.
Paracossi=Tocobaga.
Paraji=Paraje.
Paranagats=Paraniguts.
Parant Utahs=Pahvyant.
Paranukh=Shiywits.
Paravan Yuta=Pahvant.
Parawan Indians, Parawat Yutas=Paruguns.
Paray=Puaray.
Parblos= Pueblos.
Pare aux Vaches=Pokagon.
Parchacas=Parchaque.
Parchiquis=Paachiqui.
Pa-rees-car= Pariscar.
Ear je-of-bh-phn-gi— Crows.
Parkeeh=Siksika.
Par-lar-nee= Pawnee.
Par-le-sick= White People.
Parocossi=Tocobaga.
Partocae=Partocac.
Par-too-ku=Comanche.
Parusi= Paiute.
Parvain, Parvan, Par Vans=Pahvant.
Pasagoula= Pascagoula.
Pasaju=Patzau.
Pasamaquoda= Passamaquoddy.
Pascaganlas, Pascagolas, Pascagoulas, Pasca Ogoulas,
Pasca Oocolas, Pasca-Oocoolos= Pascagoula,
Pascataquas=Piscataqua.
Pascataway, Pascatawaye, Pascatoe=Piscataway.
Pascatoe, Pascatoways, Pascattawaye—Conoy.
Paschtoligmeuten, Paschtoligmjuten, Paschtoligmii-
ten= Pastoligmiut.
Paschtolik=Pastolik.
Paschtuligmiiten= Pastoligmiut.
Pascoboula, Pascogoulas= Pascagoula.
Pascoticons=Conoy.
Pasceg-na= Pascegna.
Pasha= Paska.
Pasheckna=Pascegna.
Pashilqua, Pashilquia=Cayoosh Creek.
PAPABI-COTAM—PATOW AMACK
LELT
Pashingmu= Pascegna.
Pashéhan=Iowa.
Pashtolegmutis, Pashtolits—Pastoligmiut.
Paskagoulas, Paskaguna= Pascagoula.
Pas-ke-sa= Poskesas.
Paskwawiyiniwok=Paskawininiwug.
Paso, Paso del Rio del Norte=E] Paso.
Paspagolas= Pascagoula.
Paspahegas, Paspahege, Paspaheghes, Paspaheigh=
Paspahegh.
Paspatank= Pasquotank.
Paspatanzie=Pastanza.
Paspihae, Paspihe= Paspahegh.
Pasptanzie= Pastanza.
Pasquasheck= Pasquasheck.
Pasquenan=Pakana.
Pasquenock, Pasquenoke= Pasquenoc.
Pasqui=Tasqui.
Pasquuasheck= Pasquasheck.
Passacolas=Pensacula.
Passadunkee= Passadumkeag.
Passajonck, Passajongh, Passajonk—Passayonk.
Passamacadie, Passamaquoda, Passamaquodda, Pas-
Samaquoddies, Passamaquodie, Passamequado,
Passammaquoddies= Passamaquoddy.
Passaquenock, Passaquenoke= Pasquenoc.
Passataquack=Piscataqua.
Passayunck=Passayonk.
Passemaquoddy, Passimaquodies— Passamaquoddy.
Passinchan=Iowa.
Passing Hail’s band=Ohanhanska,
Passinogna= Pasinogna.
Passo del Norte=E1 Paso.
Passoi-Ougrin= Pasukdhin.
Passonagesit= Massachuset.
Pass-see-roo— Pasara.
Pastalac, Pastaluc=Pastaloca.
Pastalve=Pasalves,
Pastannownas, Pasta-now-na=Castahana,
Pastias=Pasteal.
Pastol’iak, Pastol/iakh=Pastoliak.
Pastolig’mut= Pastoligmiut.
Pastoloca=Pastaloca.
Pasuchis= Paiute.
P’asuiap= Pojoaque.
aasu’x¢i2, Pasukdhi==Pasukdhin.
Pasuque= Pojoaque.
Pasxa=Patzau.
Patacales=Pastaloca.
Patagahan, Patagahu, Patagua, Pataguan,
tague, Pataguinta=Pataguo.
Pa-taiina= Paw.
Patamack= Potomac.
Patanou= Potano.
Pataquakes, Pataque=Pataguo.
Patarabueges, Patarabueyes, Patarabuyes, Patara-
byes=Tawehash.
Patasce— Pataotrey.
Patas-negras=Siksika.
Patavo=Pataguo.
Pat-a-wat=Batawat.
Patawatamies, Patawatimes, Patawattamies, Pata-
wattomies= Potawatomi.
Patawe=Patwin.
Patawoenicke, Patawomeck, Patawomekes=Poto-
mac.
Patchague= Patchoag.
Patchal=Pachal.
Patchawe=Patwin.
Patcheena= Pacheenaht.
Patchgatgoch=Scaticook.
Patchica=Patica.
Patchisagi— Apache.
Patchogue= Patchoag.
Patcina’ath= Pacheenaht.
Pa-tco’-ka, Pa-tco’-ya-ja=Comanche.
Pa-tdo’a=Pa.
Pa-tdd’a= Pang.
Patesick= Karok.
Pa-tes-oh= Djishtangading.
Paticos= Patica.
Patih-riks= Karok.
Patisch-oh=Djishtangading.
Pat-ki-nyi-mij, Pat/-ki-wiin-wi=Patki.
Patlapiguas=Potlapigua.
Patomacs= Potomac.
Patonca=Comanche.
Patowamack, Patowmeck, Patowomacks, Patowo-
meek, Patowomek= Potomac.
Pa-
i
1118
Patrantecooke= Pocomtuc.
Patroniting Dach-Irini= Pawating.
Patsjoe= Navaho.
Patsuikets=Sokoki.
Pattawatamies, Pattawatima, Pattawatimees, Patta-
watimy, Pattawatomie, Pattawattamees, Patta-
wattomies, Pattawattomis= Potawatomi.
Pattawomekes= Potomac.
Pattiwatima= Potawatomi.
Pattsou=Patzau.
Pa-tu-atami= Potawatomi.
Patuckset=Patuxet.
Pa-tith-ki, Pa’-tu-ka, Pajunke=Comanche.
Pa/-tun wun-wu=Patung.
Patusuc, Patuxite=Patuxet.
Patuxunt= Patuxent.
Patuyet=Patuxet.
Patweens=Patwin.
Pat-wish-a= Badwisha.
Patzar=Patzau.
Pauanas= Pawnee.
Paucatuck, Paucatucke= Pawcatuck.
Pa-uches= Paiute.
Paucomtuck, Paucomtuckqut=Pocomtuc.
Pa-u-da= Paiute.
Pau-e-rats’= Pueblos.
Paugasset= Paugusset.
Pauhoochees= Iowa.
Pauhuntanuck= Pauhuntanuc.
Paukanawket=Pokanoket.
Paukwechin= Panquechin.
Pauline’s band=Walpapi.
Paumet=Pamet.
Paunaques= Bannock.
Paunch Indians= Allakaweah.
Paunee= Pawnee.
Paunee Loups=Skidi.
Paunee Piqié= Wichita.
Paunee Republic= Kitkehahki.
Pauns= Winnebago.
Paiioirigoteieuhak, Pauoitigoueieuhak, Pauotigou-
eieuhak= Pawating.
Pauquatuck= Pawcatuck.
Pauquiaug, Pauquog= Pyquaug.
Pauray=Puaray.
Pausanas= Pausanes.
Pautawatimis, Pautawattamies, Pauteauamis=Pota-
watomi.
Pa-utes= Paiute.
Pautuket= Wamesit.
Pautuxuntes= Patuxent.
Pau-Utahs= Paiute.
Pauvans, Pauvante=Pahvant.
Pauwagta=Pawokti.
Pavant Utahs, Pavant Yuta=Pahvant.
Pau-woc-te= Pawokti.
Pauzanes= Pausanes.
Pavilion, Pavillon=Skwailuh.
Pa-vi-o-tsos= Paviotso.
Pavlooskoi, Pavlovsk=Pavlof.
Pavlovskaia= Kenai.
Pavlovskoe= Pavlof.
Pavlovsky gavan= Kodiak.
Pawactas=Pawokti.
Pawateeg=Pawating.
Pawaustic-eythin-yoowuc=A tsina.
Pawcompt= Pocomtuc.
Pa-weapits= Pawipits.
Pawha’hlita=San Ildefonso.
Paweteké Wenenewak=Pawating.
Pawgassett, Pawgasuck, Pawghkeesuck=Paugus-
set.
Pawi=Tagui.
Pawichtigou-ek= Pawating.
Pawik= Paugwik.
Pawilkna=Coyoteros.
Pawha’hlita=San Ildefonso.
Paw-is-tick I-e-ne-wuck=Atsina,
Pawistucienemuk=Atsina, Pawating.
Pawistuck-Ienewuck= Atsina.
Pawitagou-ek= Pawating.
Pawkanawkuts= Pokanoket.
Pawkeatucket= Pawcatuck.
Pawkees=Siksika.
Pawkunnawkuts= Pokanoket.
Pawkunnawkutts=Pokanoket, Wampanoag.
Pawlowskoje= Pavlof.
Paw-luch= Palus.
Pawmet=Pamet.
Pawnawnees, Pawne= Pawnee.
PATRANTECOOKE—PE-CLA
[3B alae
Pawnee=Lipan. 4
Pawnee Loup, Pawnee Loupes, Pawnee Maha, Paw-
nee Mahaw, Pawnee Marhar, Pawnee Mohaw,
Pawnee O’Mahaws, Pawneeomawhaw, Pawnee
0O’Mohaws=Skidi.
Pawnee Pick, Pawnee Picts, Pawnee Piquas=
Wichita
Pawneer— Pawnee.
Pawnee republic, Pawnee Republican= Kitkehahki.
Pawnee-Rikasree=Arikara.
Pawnees republic= Kitkehahki.
Pawnee Tappage, Pawnee Tappahs, Pawnee Tap-
paye=Pitahauerat.
Pawnemaha=Skidi.
Pawni, Pawnye= Pawnee.
Pawpoesit= Poponesset.
Pawtucket, Pawtucketts, Pawtukett= Wamesit.
Pawtuxunt= Patuxent.
Pawzas= Pawnee.
Paxahitos= Pajarito.
Paxatatch=Pajalat.
Paxchales= Pachal.
Pa’xodshe=lowa.
Payuddo améti= Walapai.
qaxu’ ux¢ir’de= Paghuukdhinpe
Payabyeya=Payabya.
Payaguanes= Payuguan.
Payaguas=Payaya.
Payahan=Payuguan.
Payai=Payaya.
Payairkets= Eskimo.
Payalla=Payaya.
Payangitchaki= Piankashaw.
Payankatanks, Payankatonks=Piankatank.
Payavan=Payaguan.
Payay, Payayasa, Payayes=Payaga.
Paycines= Paisin.
Paygans=Piegan.
Payin= Pawnee.
Payi»-matha»’=Skidi.
Payi"’qtci, Payingtsi=Chaui.
Paymas= Pima.
Paynutes, Payoche= Paiute.
Pa-yo-go-na, Payoqona= Pecos,
Payories= Peoria.
Payseyas=Payasa.
Paysim= Paisin.
Paystravskoi= Eider.
Payuaque=Pojoaque.
Payuchas, Payuches, Payukue= Paiute.
Payugan, Payuhan, Payuhuan=Payuguan.
Payupki=Sandia.
Payutas= Paiute. /
Payutes= Paviotso.
Payutsin dinné= Paiute.
Paza, Pazac, Pazajo, Pazaju=Patzau.
Pazaticans= Nussamek.
Pazau, Pazaug, Pazhajo=Patzau.
Pazuchis= Paiute.
Pea= Wea.
Peacemaker=Chizhuwashtage.
Peach Orchard Town= Pakan-Tallahassee.
Peacott= Pequot.
Peadea= Pedee.
Peagan, Peagin, Peaginou, Pe-ah-cun-nay=Piegan.
Péahko= Pecos.
Pe-ah’s band of Utes=Grand River Ute.
Peahushaws, Peanghichia, Peanguicheas, Pean-
guichias, Peanguischias, Peanguiseins, Peank-
shaws, Peanquichas, Peanzichias Miamis=Pian-
kashaw.
Peaouarias= Peoria.
Peaquitt, Peaquods, Peaquots= Pequot.
Pearls-people=Kretan.
Peau de Lievre= Kawchodinne,
Peauguicheas= Piankashaw.
Peaux de Liévres= Kawchodinne.
Peaux d’Oreille=Kalispel.
Pecaneaux=Piegan.
Pecankeeshaws= Piankashaw.
Pecan Point=Nanatsoho.
Pecari= Picuris.
Pecas= Pecos.
Pecawa= Piqua.
Peccos= Pecos.
Pecegesiwag= Pashagasawissouk,
Pechanga=Temecula.
Pechir=Piechar.
Peckwalket=Pequawket.
Pe-cla=Peshla.
ee ee OOO
:
|
BULL. 30]
Pe-cla-ptcetcela= Peshlaptechela.
Peco= Pecos.
Pecoates, Pecoats,
Pequot.
Pecompticks, Pecomptuk= Pocomtuc.
Pecora= Picuris.
Pecotts= Pequot.
Pec-quan=Pekwan.
Pecuarias= Peoria.
Pecucio, Pecucis=Picuris.
Pe-cuil-i-gui= Pek wiligii.
Pecuri, Pecuries=Picuris.
Pecuwési= Piqua.
Pecyou= Peeyou.
Pedadumies= Potawatomi.
Pe-dahl-lu= Petdelu.
Pedanis= Pawnee.
Pedees=Pedee.
Pedgans=Piegan.
Peducas=Comanche.
Pee-allipaw-mich= Puyallup.
Peegans=Piegan.
Pe’ekit= Nabukak.
Peelig= Pilingmiut,
Peel River Indians, Peel’s River Indians, Peel’s
River Loucheux=Tatlitkutchin.
Peenecooks=Pennacook.
Peequots= Pequot.
Pegan, Peganes, Pe-gan-o, Peganc-koon, Peganoo-
eythinyoowuc= Piegan.
Pegans=Chabanakongkomun.
Pe ga’-zan-de= Nez Percés.
Pegoa= Pecos.
Pegods= Pequot.
Peg8akki, Pegouakky= Pequawket.
Pegoucoquias= Pepikokia.
Pegwacket, Pegwackit, Pegwackuk, Pegwaggett,
Pegwakets= Pequawket.
Pehenguichias= Piankashaw.
Pe-hi’-pte-¢i-la= Peshlaptechela.
Pehires= Pehir.
Pehqwoket= Pequawket.
Peht-sau-an= Djishtangading.
Peh-tsik= Karok.
Pehumes= Peinhoum.
Peici, Peicj]= Pecos.
Peigans=Piegan.
Peihoum, Peihoun=Peinhoum.
Peiki=Siksika.
Peikuagamiu=Piekouagami.
Peimtegouet= Penobscot.
Peisacho= Peissaquo.
Pe-ji-wo-ke-ya-o-ti=Shoshoni.
Pejodque= Pojoaque.
Pekadasank= Pakadasank.
Pe-kan-ne, Pekanne-koon= Piegan.
Pe ya/-san-yse= Nez Percés.
Pekash= Pequot.
Peki/neni= Potawatomi.
Pekoath, Pekoct, Pekot= Pequot.
Pek8anokets= Pokanoket.
Pek8atsaks— Pequot.
Pekoweu= Piqua.
Peku= Pecos.
Pékuégi= Piqua.
Pe’’kwilita’=Picuris.
Pe-lac-le-ka-ha=Pilaklikaha.
Pelagisia— Piankashaw.
Pelajemén= White People.
Pelaklekaha, Pelaklikhaha=Pilaklikaha.
Prlatle=Pilalt.
Pel’catzék= Pelkatchek.
Pelchin=Pelchiu.
Peledquey=Pilidquay.
Pelican Lake band=Sukaauguning.
Pe-j'ka-tcék= Pelkatchek.
Pel-late-pal-ler, Pelloatpallah, Pelloat pal'ahs, Pel-
lote-pal-ler= Paloos.
Pelly Bay Eskimo=Sinimiut.
Peloose, Pelouches, Pelouse, Pelouze=Paloos.
Peluches= Apalachee.
Pelus, Peluse=Paloos.
Pema= Pima.
Pematnawi=Lorette.
Pembina band=Anibiminanisibiwininiwak.
Pemblicos= Pamlico.
Pem-bul-e-qua= Pebulikwa.
Pemedeniek= Huron.
Pemetegoit= Penobscot.
Pecods, Pecoites, Pecoits=
PF-CLA-PTCETCELA—PEORES
1119
Pemlico, Pemlicoe= Pamlico.
Pemmaquid, Pemmayquid= Pemaquid.
Pemos= Pima.
Pemplico= Pamlico.
Pempotawuthut, Pempotowwuthut=—Schodac.
Pemptagoiett— Penobscot.
Pemptico= Pamlico.
Pems-quah-a-wa= Tippecanoe.
Pemtegoit= Penobscot.
Penacook= Pennacook.
Pe-na-doj-ka= Penateka.
Penagooge= Pennacook.
Pe-nai’-na= Pawnee.
Penakook= Pennacook.
Penalahuts=Penelakut.
Penal Apaches=Pinalefios.
Pena’leqat, Penalikutson=Penelakut.
Penandé, Pena/nde= Penateka.
Penaquid= Pemaquid.
Penard= Foxes.
Penasco Blanca=Pefiasca Blanca.
Penaské= Penobscot.
Pen-a-tacker, Penatakas=Penateka.
Penaubsket, Penboscots, Penboscut= Penobscot.
Pengacola, Pengocolos= Pensacola.
Pend d’Oreilles Lower, Pend d’Oreilles of the Lower
Lake, Pend d’Oreilles of the Upper Lake= Kalispel.
Pendena= Pinalenos.
Pends-d’oreille, Pends Oreilles=Kalispel.
Penduhuts= Penelakut.
Penechon= Pineshow.
Penecooke= Pennacook.
Penelakas, Penelethkas, Penetakees, Penetakers,
Peneteghka, Penetéka, Penetéka-Comanches,
Pene-teth-ca, Penetethka, Penetoghkos, Penha-
tethka, Pen-ha-teth-kahs, Pén’-ha-téth’-kas=Pe-
nateka.
Penichon= Pineshow.
Penicoock, Penicook=Pennacook.
Pén/ikis= Abnaki.
Penikook= Pennacook.
Peniteni= Pimitoui.
Penition=Pineshow.
Penkapog= Punkapog.
Pen loca=Comanche.
Pennacokes, Pennacooke, Pennagog, Pennakooks=
Pennacook.
Pennatuckets=Pentucket.
Pennecooke, Pennekokes, Pennekook, Pennekooke=
Pennacook.
Pennelakas, Penne-taha, Pennetekas=Penateka.
Pennicook, Pennikook= Pennacook.
Pennobscot= Penobscot.
Pennokook= Pennacook.
Pennoukady= Passamaquoddy.
Penny Cook, Penny-Cooke, Pennykoke= Pennacook.
Penobesutt, Penobscotes, Penobscotts, Penobscut,
Penobskeag, Penobsots= Penobscot.
’ Penol, Penoles= Acoma.
' Penon=E! Pefnion.
Pensicola= Pensacola.
Pentagoet, Pentagoiett, Pentagonett, Pentagouet,
Pentag8et, Pentagouetch, Pentagovett, Pente-
goét= Penobscot.
Penticutt= Pentucket.
P-r/ntlate=Puntlatsh.
Penttakers= Penateka.
Pentuckett=Pentucket.
Pentug8et= Penobscot.
Peoiras= Peoria.
Peok8agamy=Piekouagami.
Peola, Peonas, Peonies= Peoria.
People in a Circle= Detsanayuka.
People of the Desert= K wahari.
People-of-the-flat-roof-houses=Querechos.
People of the Fork= Nassauaketon.
People of the Lake= Mdewakanton.
People of the leaf, People of the Leaves=Wahpe-
ton.
People of the Leaves detached= Wahpekute.
People of the Lowlands= Maskegon.
People of the Pheasants=Sipushkanumanke.
People of the Prairie= Paskwawininiwug.
People of the River= Wahpeton.
People of the Shot Leaf=Wahpeknte.
People of the Willows=Havasupai.
People of the Woods=Sakawithiniwuk.
People that don’t Laugh=Kutaiimiks.
Peores, Peorians, Peoryas= Peoria.
1120
Peouanguichias= Piankashaw.
Peouarewi, Peouarias, Peouarius, Peowaroua, Peou-
caria, Peoueria, Peouria, Péeouryas= Peoria.
Peoutewatamie= Potawatomi.
P’e’/paLénéx= Pepatlenok.
Pe’pawiLéenoéx= Pepawitlenok.
Pepchalk= Peepchiltk.
Pepepicokia, Pepepoaké=Pepikokia.
Pepht-soh= Djishtangading.
Pepicoquias, Pepicoquis, Pepikokis, Pepikoukia=
Pepikokia.
Peptchorl= Peepchiltk.
Pépua-hapitski Sawanogi=— Absentee.
Pequa=Pequea.
Pr’qaist= Pekaist.
Pequakets= Pequawket.
Pequants= Pequot.
Pequanucke= Poquonnuc.
Pequaquaukes= Pequawket.
Pequatit, Pequatoas, Pequatoos, Pequatt= Pequot.
Pequauket, Pequawett=Pequawket.
Pequea= Piqua.
Pequeag= Pyquaug.
Pequeats= Pequot.
Pequehan=Pequea.
Pequente, Pequents, Pequetans, Pequets, Pequett,
Pequid, Pequims, Pequin, Pequite, Pequitoog,
Pequitts, Pequoadt, Pequod, Pequoids, Pequoite,
Pequoits= Pequot,
Pequot= Nameaug.
Pequote, Pequotoh, Pequoyts= Pequot.
Pequt Nayantaquit—Niantic.
Pequts, Pequtt, Pequttéog, Pequuts, Pequuttoog,
Peqvats, Peqwit= Pequot.
Perces= Nez Percés.
Pergniak, Perignak, Perignax=Pernyu.
Periqua= Perigua.
Permavevvi= Pimitoui.
Perocodame=Terocodame.
Perouacca, Perouarca, Peroueria= Peoria.
Perriu, Perun=Tionontati.
Pescagolas= Pascagoula.
Peskadam8kkan, Peskadam-ukotik, Peskadaneeouk-
kanti, Peskamaquonty= Passamaquoddy.
Pe-sla= Peshla.
Pe-sla-ptecela= Peshlaptechela.
Pesmaquady, Pesmocady, Pesmokanti, Pés-ta-mo-
katiGk—= Passamaquoddy.
Pestriakof, Pestriakovo, Pestriakowskoje, Pestrya-
kovskoe= Eider. ;
Pestumagatick= Passamaquoddy.
Pétaa-kwe=Aiyaho.
Pe-ta-ha/-ne-rat= Pitahauerat.
Petaluma—Chokuyem.
Péta® énikaci‘ka=Petanenikashika.
Petaro= Petao.
Petawomeek= Potomac.
Petaz, Petgares=Petao.
Petchisagi= Apache.
Pé-tdoa=Pé.
Petenegowat Pah-Utes= Petenegowats.
Peterarwi, Peteravak, Peteravik—Pituarvik.
Pethahanerat, Pethowerats=Pitahauerat.
Petikokias=Pepikokia.
Petit Corbeau’s band=Kapozha.
Petite Nation, Petite Nation des Algonquins= Wes-
karini.
Petit Osage= Utsehta.
Petits Algonquins=Weskarini.
Petitscotias=Pepikokia.
Petit-sick=Karok.
Petits Os=Utsehta.
Petit Talessy=Talasse.
Petit Zo=Utsehta.
Petlenum=Chokuyem.
Petonaquats=Petenegowats.
Pe-tou-we-ra= Pitahauerat.
Petowach, Petowack=Pituarvik.
Pe’tqa® i‘niqk acie’a=Petkhaninihkashina.
Petquottink= Pequottink.
Petsaré=Petao.
Pe’ 4se iniyk‘aci»’a= Kanse.
Petsikla=Karok.
Pet-tan-i-gwut= Petenegowats.
Pettikokias= Pepikokia.
Pettquotting= Pequottink.
Petuneurs=Cayuga.
Petuneux=Tionontati.
Petzare=Petao.
PEOU ANGUICHIAS—PIJMOS
[B. A. E.
Peuple de Faisans=Sipushkanumanke.
Pewins= Winnebago.
Pe+ x/-gé=Jicarilla. .
Peyakwagami= Piekouagami.
Peyaya=Payaya.
Pey metes Utahs= Paiute.
Pey-utes= Paviotso.
Pe-zhew= Besheu.
Pethi-wokeyotila—Shoshoni.
Pezo= Pissuh.
Pez Perces=Nez Percés.
Phalacheho= Palacheho.
P’hallatillie=Tubatulabal.
Phampleco= Pamlico.
Pharaona, Pharaones=Faraon.
Pheasants=Shiyotanka.
Philip’s Indians= Wampanoag.
P’ho, P’ho doa= Po.
P’Ho-juo-ge=San Ildefonso.
Phonecha= Pohoniche.
P’ho-se= Poseuingge.
P’Ho-zuang-ge= Pojoaque.
Pia=Sia.
Piagouagami= Piekouagami.
Piah band=Grand River Ute.
Piakouakamy, Piakuakamits=Piekouagami.
Pialeges= Kailaidshi.
Pianaua=Pinawa.
Piancashaws, Piangeshaw, Pianguichia, Pianguisha,
Piankashaws, Piankaskouas, Piankeshas, Pianke-
shaws, Piankichas, Piankishas, Piankshaws, Pian-
quicha, Pianquiches, Pianquishaws=Piankashaw.
Pianrias, Piantias= Peoria.
Piaqui= Pahquetooai.
Pi-auk-e-shaws, Piawkashaws=Piankashaw.
Pi-ba=Sa.
Pi-ba nyi-mt, Piba winwi, Pib-wun-wii=Piba.
Pic= Wichita.
Pi’-ca= Pisha.
Picaneaux, Picaneux= Piegan.
Picanipalish= Puyallup.
Picaris, Piccuries=Picuris.
Pichar, Pichares=Piechar.
Picheno= Pischenoas.
Pichmichtalik= Pikmiktalik.
Pichons= Pisquows.
Pichouagamis= Piekouagami.
Pi-ci’-kse-ni-tup’-i-o=Shoshoni.
Pickan= Piegan.
Pickar= Piechar.
Pickawa, Pickaway, Pickawee, Pickawes= Piqua.
Pickawillany=Pickawillanee.
Pickovagam= Piekougami.
Pickpocket= Pequawket.
Picks= Wichita.
Pickwacket, Pickwocket= Pequawket.
Pigl/-kwi-tsi-aus’= Pith] kwutsiaus.
Picoris= Picuris.
Picos= Piro.
Picoweu, Picque= Piqua.
Picqwaket= Pequawket.
Pictoris=Picuris.
Picts=Pickawillanee.
Picuni, Picuri, Picuria, Picuries, Picux=Picuris.
Picwocket= Pequawket.
Pidees= Pedee.
Piecis= Pecos.
Piedes= Paiute.
Piedgans=Piegan.
Pieds-noirs=Siksika.
Pie Edes, Pi-eeds= Paiute.
Piekané, Piekann=Piegan.
Piekouagamiens, Piekovagamiens—Piekouagami.
Pierced-nose= Nez Percés.
Pierced Noses=Iowa, Nez Percés.
Pietmiektaligmiut=Pikmiktalik.
Pieutes= Paiute.
Pigans=Piegan.
Pigeon Roost=Padshilaika.
Piggwacket, Pigocket, Piguachet= Pequawnet.
Piguicanes= Piguiques.
Pigwachet, Pigwacket, Pigwackitt, Pigwocket, Pig-
woket, Pigwolket= Pequawket.
Pihir= Pehir.
Pihniques= Piguiques.
Pi/h-tca=Pihcha.
Pihuiques=Piguiques.
Pijiu=Pissuh.
Pijmos= Pima.
BULL. 30]
Pikani=Piegan.
Pik-cak-ches=Pitkachi.
Pike=Siksika.
Pi’-ke-e-wai-i-ne—Jicarillas.
Pikhta=Pikta.
Pikierloo=Pikirlu.
Pi-ki-il-t’¢e= Pikiiltthe.
Pikiudtlek= Pikiutdlek.
Pikiulaq=Pikiulak.
Pikkawa= Piqua.
Pikmigtalik= Pikmiktalik.
Pikmikta’ lig-mut=Pikmiktaligmiut.
Pikogami=Piekouagami.
Pikoweu= Piqua.
Pi-kun-i= Piegan.
Pikuria= Picuris.
Pilabo, Pilaho—Socorro.
Pilgans=Piegan.
Pillar Rock=Tlalegak.
Pilleurs, Pilliers=Pillagers.
Pilopué=Socorro.
Pimahaitu= Pima.
Pimai/nis=Pemainus.
Pimal= Pinalefos.
Pima-Papabotas= Papago.
Pimas Bajos, Pimas de el Sur—Nevome,.
Pimases= Pima.
Pimas frijoleros= Papago.
Pimas Gilenos, Pimas Ilenos, Pime, Pimera, Pimes,
Pimese= Pima. f
Pimeteois= Pimitoui.
Pimez, Pimi, Pimicas= Pima.
Pimikshi= Pinalefios.
Piminos=Pemainus.
Pimitconis, Pimiteoui, Pimiteouy=Pimitoui.
Pimo, Pimo Galenos, Pimoles, Pimos Illios—Pima.
Pimytesouy=Pimitoui.
Pin-a-au= Pinawan.
Pinal, Pinal Apachen, Pinal Apaches, Pinalino, Pinal
Lenas, Pinal Leno, Pinal Llanos=Pinalefos.
Pinals Apaches= Pinal Coyotero.
Pinana, Pi-na-ua, Pi/-na-wa=Pinawan.
Pimbigo', Pinbigo¢ine, Pin bifé‘, Pin bito‘dine‘=Pin-
bitho.
Pinchon, Pinchow=Pineshow.
Pinchy=Pintce.
Pinclatchas=Pilaklikaha.
Pincos= Pima.
Pine-Band=Wazikute.
Pinechon= Pineshow.
Pin-e-hoo-te= Pinhoti.
Pineifu=Chepenafa.
Pine Indians= Natchez.
Pinelores, Pinery=Pinalefios.
Ping-gwi= Picuris.
Pingoshugarun, Pinguishugamiut=Pinguishuk.
Ping-ul-tha=Picuris.
Pinichon= Pineshow.
Pininéos= Pinini.
Pininos= Pima.
Piniocagna= Pimocagna.
Piniscas= Acolapissa.
Pinkeshaws= Piankashaw.
Pinnancas= Pinanacas.
Pinnekooks= Pennacook.
Pinneshaw= Pineshow.
Pinoleno, Pinolero, Pinoles, Pinol-Indianer, Pinols,
Pinon Lanos, Pinon Llano Apaches—Pinalefios.
Pinoshuragin= Pinguishuk.
Pintadi=Pintados.
Pintado= Pueblo Pintado.
Pintagoné= Penobscot.
Pintahs=Paviotso.
Pintos=Pakawa.
Pinuélta=Picuris.
Piohum=Peinhoum.
Piorias= Peoria.
Piou=Peinhoum.
Piouanguichias= Piankashaw.
Piowaroua= Peoria.
Pip=Piba.
Pi-pas, Pipdtsje= Maricopa.
Pipos-altos= Pima.
Piquachet=Pequawket.
Piquag=Pyquaug.
Piqua Town=Pequea.
Piquaug= Pyquaug.
Piqued=Pequea.
Piquiag—= Pyquaug.
Piquitin=Vitic.
Pir, Pira, Piri= Piro.
3456—Bull. 30, pt 2—07——71
PIKANI—POAM POMO
1121
Pirigua= Perigua.
Pirj= Piro.
Pirnas= Pima.
Piruas= Piro.
Pisacack= Pissacoac.
Pisanomo=Perinimo.
Piscahoose= Pisquows.
Piscao= Pescado.
Piscaous= Pisquows.
Piscataquaukes=Piscataqua,
Piscataway, Piscatawese=Conoy.
Piscatchecs= Pitkachi.
Piscatoway, Piscatowayes, Piscattawayes=Conoy.
Piscattoway=Piscataway.
Piscatua=Conoy.
Pischoule, Pischous=Pisquows.
Pisch quit pas=Pishquitpah.
Piscous= Pisquows.
Pisgachtigok=Scaticook.
Pishakulk= Dakota.
Pishekethe= Psakethe.
Pishgachtigok—Scaticook.
Pishiu= Besheu.
Pishquitpaws, Pishquitpows=Pishquitpah.
Pisht, Pishtot, Pishtst=Pistchin.
Pishwanwapum= Yakima.
Pisierinii, Pisirinins= Nipissing.
Piskwas, Piskwaus=Pisquows.
Pispiza-wi¢asa=Pispizawichasha.
Pisquitpahs, Pisquitpaks=Pishquitpah.
Pisquous, Pisquouse= Pisquows.
Pissacoack= Pissacoac.
Pissaseck, Pissassack, Pissassees— Pissasec.
Pisscattaways=Conoy.
Piss-cows= Pisquows.
Pist-chins= Pistchin.
Pistol Rivers=Chetleschantunne.
Pi-ta’/-da= Pawnee.
Pitagoriciens, Pitagoricos=Pythagoreans.
Pitahawirata=Pitahauerat.
Pitanisha, Pi-tan’-ni-suh=Tubatulabal.
Pitanta=Serranos.
Pitavirate Noisy Pawnee tribe, Pitavirate Noisy
tribe= Pitahauerat.
Pit-cach-es, Pit-cat-chee, Pitcatches, Pitchackies—
Pitkachi,
Pitchaya-kuin=Pitchaya.
Pitchiboucouni, Pitchiboueouni,
Pitchibourenik.
Pitchinavo= Wichita.
Pit-cuch-es= Pitkachi.
Pitehiboutounibuek= Pitchibourenik.
Pitiaches= Pitkachi.
Piticado= Peticado.
Pitit Creek= Koiskana.
Pit-kah’-che, Pit-kah’-te= Pitkachi.
Pi'tona‘kingkainapitcig— Beton ukeengainubejig.
Pit River Indians=Shastan Family.
Pitt River Indians=Palaihnihan Family, Shastan
Family.
Pi-u-chas= Paiute.
Pi-utah= Paviotso.
Piute= Paiute.
Pi-utes= Paviotso.
Piute Snakes= Paiute Snakes.
Piva=Piba.
’P’ kai’st= Pekaist.
Pkiwi-léni= Miami.
Pkqul-lu’-wa-ai’-t’¢e=Pkhulluwaitthe.
Pku-u’-ni-uqt-auk’= Pkuuniukhtauk.
Plaikni=Paviotso.
Plai’‘kni= Klamath, Modoc.
Plain Assineboins=Assiniboin of the Plains.
Plain Crees= Paskwawininiwug.
Plainfield Indians—Quinebaug.
Planidores=Coaque.
Plankishaws=Piankashaw.
Planwikit=Playwickey.
Plascotez de Chiens, Plat cété de Chien, Plats cotee
de Chiens, Plats-cétes-de-Chien—Thlingchadinne,
Plats-cétés-de-chien du fort Raé—Lintchanre.
Plats-cétés de Chiens, Plats cotez de Chiens=Thling-
chadinne.
Playsanos=Gabrielefio.
Pleasant Point—Sebaik.
Pleureurs=Coaque.
Pluie (Lac la) Indians=Kojejewininewug.
P. Machault= Venango.
Poala=Puaray.
Poam Pomo=Ballokai Pomo.
Pitchib8renik—
1122
Poanin=Apache.
Pobalo= Pueblos.
Pobawotche Utahs=Tabeguache.
Poblagon= Poblazon.
Po-ca-gan’s village, Pocagons Vill. = Pokagon.
Pocan= Ponca.
Pocanakets, Pocanakett, Pocanauket, Pocanawkits,
Pocanoket, Pocanokit= Pokanoket.
Pocasicke, Pocassett, Pocassitt—Pocasset.
Pocataligo= Pocotaligo.
Pocatocke, Poccatuck= Pawcatuck.
Pochapuchkung= Pohkopophunk.
Po chis hach cha= Potchushatchi.
Pochoug, Pochoughs=Patchoag.
Po-chuse-hat-che= Potchushatchi.
Pociwi winwi=Poshiwu.
Pockaguma=Piekougami.
Pockanockett, Pockanoky=Pokanoket.
Pockentallahassee, Pockentalleehassee= Pakan-Tal-
lahassee.
Pockonockett= Pokanoket.
Pockuschatche= Potchushatchi.
Pocompheake, Pocomptuck, Pocomtakukes, Pocom-
tock, Pocomtuck= Pocomtuc.
Pocontallahasse= Pakan-Tallahassee.
Pocotaligat= Pocotaligo.
Pocou aie Pocoughtronack = Bocootawwo-
nauke.
Pocumptucks, Pocumtuck= Pocomtuc.
Pocuntullahases= Pakan-Tallahassee.
Po-da-waud-um-ee, Po-da-waud-um-eeg = Potawat-
omi.
Podunck=Podunk.
Poenese= Pawnee.
Poeomtucks= Pocomtuc.
Poes= Potawatomi.
Pofuaque= Pojoaque.
Poga, Poge= Kuapooge.
Po-ge-hdo-ke= Nez Percés.
Pogodque= Pojoaque.
Pogouaté, Poguaque, Poguaté=Paguate.
Po-hah= Washakie’s Band.
Po-ha-ha-chis= Pohoniche.
Pohanti= Paguate.
Pohas= Bannock.
Poh-bantes= Pahvant.
Poh-he-gan= Mahican.
Poéhoi= Washakie’s Band.
Pohoneche, Po-ho-ne-chees, Pohoneechees,
neich-es, Po’ ho-ni-chi= Pohoniche.
Po-hua-gai=San Ildefonso.
Pohuaque= Pojoaque.
Pohuniche= Pohoniche.
Poils leué= Missisauga.
Pointe des Esquimaux= Esquimaux Point.
Pointed Hearted Indians, Pointed Hearts—Skitswish.
Point Pinos=Guayusta.
Point Pleasant=Sebaik.
Poissons blancs=Attikamegue.
Poitoiquis= Poitokwis.
Pojake, Pojanque, Pojanquiti, Pojaugue— Pojoaque.
Pojnati= Pajuate.
Po-jo= Pohoi.
Pojoague, Pojodque, Pojouque, Pojuague= Pojoaque.
Pojuaque=Paguate, Pojoaque.
Pojuate, Pojuato— Paguate.
Po-juo-ge, Po-juo-que=—San Ildefonso.
Pokagomin=Pokegama.
Po-ka-guma= Pokegama.
Pokahs=Washakie’s Band.
Pokanacket, Pokanocket= Pokanoket.
Pokanoket= Wampanoag. .
Pokanokik= Pokanoket.
Po-ke-as= Poskesas.
Pokeesett= Pocasset.
Po-ke-gom-maw, Pokeguma= Pokegama.
Poke-koo-un’-go= Unami.
Po-ken-well, Po-ken-welle= Bokninuwad.
Pokeset, Pokesset=Pocasset.
Poketalico— Pocotaligo.
Pokkenvolk= Hopi.
Pokomtakukes, Pokomtock= Pocomtuc.
Pokonatri= Pohoniche.
Pokoninos, Po-kon-wel-lo= Bokninuwad.
Pokwadi, Po’kwoide= Pojoaque.
Polachucolas= Apalachicola.
Polagamis=Tubatulabal.
Polanches= Paloos.
Pole-Cat band= Hokarutcha.
Pole people=Wazikute.
Po-ho-
POANiN— POSONWU
[Bese
Pollachuchlaw= Apalachicola.
Pollotepallors=Paloos.
Polokawynahs=Tubatulabal.
Polonches= Paloos.
Poliksalgi= Biloxi.
Polulumas= Pomulumas.
Pol-we-sha= Badwisha.
Poma poma, Poma pomo, Pomas=Ballokai Pomo.
Pomecock, Pomeiock, Pomeioke, Pomejock=Po-
meioc.
Pomo= Pima.
Pomonick, Pomouik= Pomouic.
Pomparague= Pomperaug.
Pona= Misesopano, Puna.
Ponacks= Bannock.
Ponacocks, Ponacoks= Pennacook.
Ponanummakut= Potanumaquut.
Ponarak= Dakota.
Ponars= Ponca.
Ponashita, Ponashta= Bannock.
Poncahs, Poncan, Poncar, Poncarars, Poncaras, Pon-
care, Poncares, Poncaries, Pon/cars, Poncas, Pon-
caw, Ponchas= Ponca.
Ponchestanning=Punxsutawny.
Ponch Indians=Allakaweah.
Poncrars, Poncye= Ponca.
Pond D’Oreilles, Pondecas, Pondera, Ponderays, Pond
Orrilles, Ponduras= Kalispel.
Pone Pomos=Ballokai Pomo.
Pongkaws, Pongs, Poniars= Ponca.
P’onin=Apache.
Ponis= Pawnee. ,
Ponishta Bonacks= Bannock.
Ponka, Ponkahs, Ponkas= Ponca.
Ponkeontamis= Potawatomi.
Ponkipog= Punkapog.
Ponobscot, Ponobscut= Penobscot.
Po-no-i-ta-ni-o—Cheyenne, Southern.
Pononakanit= Punonakanit.
Pons, Ponsars= Ponca.
Ponteatamies, Pontedtamies, Pontewatamis, Ponto-
wattimies, Poodawahduhme= Potawatomi.
Pooemocs= Puimuk.
Pooesoos= Puisu.
Po-o-ge= Kuapooge.
Poogooviliak, Poogovellyak= Puguviliak.
Poo-joge=San Ildefonso.
Poollachuchlaw= Apalachicola.
P6-o-mas=Siksika.
Poong-car= Ponca.
Poonook= Punuk.
Poor= Honowa.
Poo-reh-tui-ai= Puretuay.
Poosoonas= Pusune.
Popaghtunk= Papagonk.
Popcum=Popkum.
Popeloutechom= Popelout.
Popinoshees= Papinachois.
Popolo Bruciato—Tzenatay.
Popponeeste, Popponessit— Poponesset.
Poquannoc, Poquannock= Poquonnoc.
Poquaté= Paguate.
Poquatocke, Poquatucke= Pawcatuck.
Pore-Epic Nation=Piekouagami.
Poquonock= Poquonnoc.
Porcupine=Tukkuthkutchin.
Porcupine People=Piekouagami.
Porcupine River Indians=Tukkuthkutchin.
Porcupine Tribe= Kakouchaki.
Port de la Heve=Le Have.
Port Graham= Alexandrovsk.
Port leue’/= Missisauga.
Port Madison=Suquamish.
Portobacco, Porto-Back, Portobacke, Portobaco= Po-
topaco. ‘
Port Orchard=Dwamish, Suquamish.
Port Orford=Kosotshe.
Port Orford Indians=Kaltsergheatunne, Kwatami.
Port Orfords= Kaltsergheatunne.
Port Stuart Indians= Ahealt.
Port Tabago= Potopaco.
Port Townsend=Chimakum,
Poruches= Wiminuche.
Poscoiac= Pasquayah.
Po-se= Poseuingge.
Po-si’-o, Posiwuu, Po’-si-wi wun-wi=Poshiwu.
Pos-ke-as= Poskesas.
Poskoyac=Pasquayah.
Posociom= Upasoitac.
Posonwii, Posowe=San Ildefonso.
BULL. 30]
Po-suan-gai= Pojuaque.
Pota-aches= Potoyanti.
Potameos Indians—Tututni.
Potan=Potam.
Potanons= Wea.
Potanou= Potano.
Potanumcecut= Potanumaguut.
Potapaco, Potapoco=Potopaco.
Potatik= Poodatook.
Potatoe=Ahalakalgi.
Potato Town=Nununyi.
Potatuck= Poodatook.
Potauncak= Potaucao.
Potavalamia= Potawatomi.
Potavou= Potano.
Potawahduhmee, Potawatama= Potawatomi.
Potawatamie tribe of Indians of the Prairie—Prairie
band of Potawatomi. Mire ’
Potawatamis, Potawatimie, P6-ta-wa-td’-mé— Pota-
watomi.
Potawatomies of St. Joseph=St Joseph.
Potawattamies, Potawattimie, Potawattomies, Pota-
watumies, Po-ta-waw-tod/-me, Po-ta/-wét me, Po-
tawtumies= Potawatomi.
Po-tdéa, P’o-tdéa=Po. ;
Potenumacut, Potenummecut=Potanumaquut.
Poteotamis, Potéoiiatami, Poteouatamis, Potewata-
mies, Potewatamik= Potawatomi.
Potick, Potik—Potic.
Potiwattimeeg, Potiwattomies— Potawatomi.
Potoachos, Potoancies, Potoencies— Potoyanti.
Potomack Indians, Potomeack— Potomac.
Po-tosh’, Potowatameh, Potowatamies,
mies= Potawatomi.
Potowmack= Potomac.
Potowotamies= Potawatomi.
Potoyantes, Po-to-yan-to, Poto-yau-te= Potoyanti.
Pottawatameh, Pottawataneys, Pottawatimies, Pot-
tawatomies, Pottawattamies, Potta-wat-um-ies,
Pottawaudumies, Pottawotamies, Pottawottomies,
Pottewatemies, Pottiwattamies, Pottowatamies,
Pottowatomy, Pottowattomies, Pottowautomie, Pot-
towotomees= Potawatomi.
Potzua-ge= Pojoaque.
Pou= Potawatomi.
Poualac, Poualak, Poualakes= Dakota.
Pouan= Winnebago.
Pouanak= Dakota.
Powankikias=Piankashaw.
Pouarak= Dakota.
Pouderas= Kalispel.
Poueatamis, Poués, Pouhatamies— Potawatomi.
Pouhatan= Powhatan.
Poujuaque= Pojoaque.
Poukas= Ponca.
Poulteattemis, Poulx, Poulx teattemis, Pous, Pou-
tauatemis, Poutawatamies, Poutawottamies, Pou-
téamis, Potiteaotiatami, Pouteatami, Pouteatimies,
Pouteauatamis, Pouteotamis, Pouteotiatami, Pou-
teouatamiouec, Poute8atamis, Pouteouatimi, Pou-
teouetamites, Pouteouitamis, Pouteouotamis, Pou-
teouatamis, Poutewatamies, Poutoualamis, Poutoii-
amis, Poutouatamis, Poutouatamittes=Potawa-
tomi.
Poutoucsis= Biloxi.
Poutouotamis, Poutouwatamis, Poutowatomies, Pou-
tuatamis, Poutwatamis, Pouutouatami, Poux,
Pouz= Potawatomi.
Povantes=Pahvant.
Povate= Paguate.
Povoli=Buli.
Povuate= Paguate.
Powakasick= Pocasset.
Powcatuck= Pawcatuck.
Powcomptuck=Pocomtuc.
Powebas= Kawita.
Powells town= Withlako.
Powhatanic confederacy, Powhattans= Powhatan.
Powhawneches= Pohonichi.
Powhoge=San Ildefonso.
Powmet=Pamet.
Powquaniock= Poquonnoc.
Powtawatamis, Powtewatamis, Powtewattimies, Pow-
towottomies= Potawatomi.
Poxyuaki= Pojoaque.
P’oyam=Poiam.
Poye-kwe= Poyi.
Poytoquis, Poytoquix=Poitokwis.
Poze=Potre,
Potowato-
PO-SUAN-GAI—PUK-TIS’
1123
Pozos de Enmedio= Posos.
Po-zuan-ge, Pozuang-ge, Pozuaque= Pojoaque.
Prairie Apaches= Kiowa Apache.
Prairie Chicken clan=Seechkaberuhpaka, Sipush-
kanumanke.
Prairie-Crees= Paskwawininiwug.
Prairie Grossventres= A tsina.
Prairie-hen people=Seechkaberuhpaka, Sipushka-
numanke,
Prairie hens=Sipushkanumanke.
Prairie Indians=Paskwawiriniwug, Prairie Kieck-
apoo.
Prairie Wolf=Shomakoosa.
Prairie-W olf People= Mandhinkagaghe.
Premorska, Premorski=Chnagmiut.
Prescado= Pescado.
Prickled Panis= Wichita.
Priest’s Rapids=Sokulk.
Primahaitu= Pima.
Primoske, Prinoski=Chnagmiut.
Printed Hearts=Skitswish.
Projoaque= Pojoaque.
Prominent Jaws=Oqtogona.
Pronaria, Pronereas, Pronevoa= Peoria
Prophet’s Town=Tippecanoe.
Protasso, Protassof, Protassov— Morzhoyoi.
Prouaria= Peoria.
Provate=Paguate.
Province de Sel, Provincia de la Sal—Coligoa.
Pruara=Puaray.
Psaupsau=Patzau.
Pschwan-wapp-am=Shanwappom.
Pshawanwappam= Yakima.
Pshwa/napim=Shanwappom.
Psinontanhinhintons, Psinoutanhhintons—Psinou-
tanhinhintons.
Pt. Coweta= Kawita.
Pte-yute-cni, Pte-yute-sni— Pteyuteshni.
Pti’/tek= Petutek.
Ptuksit= Munsee.
Puaguampe=Pahvant.
Puala=Puaray.
Puallip, Puallipamish, Pualli-paw-mish, Pualliss=
Puyallup.
Pudnag, Puans= Winnebago.
Puants=Metsmetskop, Winnebago.
Puara, Puarai, Puary=Puaray,
Pucaras—Arikara.
Puc-cun-tal-lau-has-see= Pakan-Tallahassee.
Puckanokick= Pokanoket.
Puckantala, Puckautalla, Puckuntallahasse= Pakan-
Tallahassee.
Pudding River Indians=Ahantchuyuk.
Pueble Blanco= Pueblo Blanco,
Pueblo Colorado=—Pueblo Pintado, Tzemantuo,
Wukopakabi.
Pueblo de Jumanos= Pueblo de los Jumanos.
Pueblo de las Canoas—Shuku.
Pueblo de las Ruedas= Kuuanguala,
Pueblo de las Sardinas=Cicacut.
Pueblo de los Santos Apostoles San Simon y Judas=
Upasoitac.
Pueblo de los Siete Arroyos=Tenabo.
Pueblo de Montezuma, Pueblo de Ratones= Pueblo
Pintado.
Pueblo de Shé=She.
Pueblo de Tunque=Tungge.
Pueblo Ganado= Wukopakabi.
Pueblo Grande=Kintyel, Pueblo Pintado.
Pueblo of the bird=Tshirege.
Pueblo quemado=Tzenatay.
Pueblos of the Médano= Medano.
Pueblo viejo=Oapars.
Puerito= Puerto.
Puerta de la Purisima Concepcion=Concepcion.
Puerta San Felipe=San Felipe.
Puertecito=Waputyutsiama.
Pugallipamish, Pugallup= Puyallup.
Puget Sound Group=Chimakuan Family, Salishan
Family.
Pughquonnuck= Pauquaunuch.
Pugupiliak= Puguviliak.
Puiale= Puyallup.
Pui’--mim=Puimem.
Pu’-i-mok=Puimuk.
ujuaque—Paguate, Pojoaque.
ujuni=Pusune.
Pukaist’/= Pekaist.
Puk-tis’/=Omaha,
1124 PULACATOO—QOATSE [B. A. BE
Pulacatoo=Pulakatu. Qaisla’=Kitamat.
Pulairih—Shastan Family. Q!a’/ketan= Ankakehittan.
Pullaeu, Pul-la/-ook—Unalachtigo. Qak’sineé= Kaksine.
Pulpenes, Pulpones=Bolbone. Qa-lak’w’/=Khalakw.
Puma= Pima. Qala’/ltq=Hellelt.
Pumames, Punanes= Punames. Qalda/ngasal= Huldanggats.
Pi-nan’/-nyu-mu=Puna. Q’ale’ts= Kutleets.
Pun-ash, Punashly= Bannock. Qalgui/tga’ xet gitina/i— Kahlguihlgahet-gitinai.
Pii-na/wun-wu=Puna. Qa/logwis= Kalokwis.
Punca, Puncah= Ponca. Qa/itcalan=Kahltcatlan.
Puncapaugs, Puncapoag=Punkapog. Q'attcane’di=Kahltcanedi.
Puncas, Puncaw, Punchas, Punchaws= Ponca. Qalto, Qaltso¢ine= Khaltso.
Punckapaug=Punkapog. Qalukwis— Kalokwis.
Puncksotonay=Punxsutawny. Q’anikilaq=Qanikilak.
Pi/n-e= Puna. Qa’pnish-‘léma=Topinish.
Pungelika=Erie. Qapqapetlp= Kapkapetlp.
Punjuni=Pusune. Qa’qamatses= Hahamatses.
Punka= Ponca. Qa-qa-to"-wa"= Chippewa.
Punkapaog, Punkapoge, Punkepaog, Punkipaog, Qa’ qawatilik‘a—Kakawatilikya.
Punkipoag, Punkipog= Punkapog. ; Qaqio’s=Kekios.
Punknot=Tukpafka. Qaq!o’s hit tan—Kakos-hit-tan.
Punkotink= Pungoteque. Qa-quima=Kiakima.
Punkqu=Punkapog. Qa-ra-ta’ nu-man’-ke— Kharatanumanke.
Pun-naks= Bannock. Qarmang=Karmang.
Punquapoag, Punquapog=Punkapog. Qarmaqdjuin=Karmakdjuin.
Punta=La Punta. Qarussuit=Karusuit. _
Punt-ledge=Puntlatsh. Q’ash-tré-tye=San Felipe.
Pun-ye-kia=Encinal. Qassigiaqdjuaq—Kiassigiakd) uag.
Punyistyi= Punyeestye. Q!a/sta qe’gawa-i= Daiyuahl-lanas.
Punyitsiama=Cubero. Qa’/tcadi=Katcadi.
Puotwatemi= Potawatomi. Qatcxa/na-ak!=Katchanaak.
Pura=Puretuay. Q!a’tgu hit tan—Ketgohittan.
Purames=Punames. Q!a/tkaayi= Katkaayi.
Puray=Puaray. Qatq!wa/aitu=Katkwaahltu.
Purblos, Purbulo= Pueblos. Qaudjuqdjuaq—Kaudjukdjuak.
Purificacion= Halona. Qauitcin=Cowichan.
Purisima Concepcion=Cadegomo, Concepcién de | Qauitschin=Salishan Family.
Nuestra Sefiora. Qaumauang=Kaumauang.
Purisima de Babicora=Babiacora. Qaupaws=Quapaw.
Purisima de Zuni= Zuni. Qawi’/ltke= Wiltkun.
Pur-tyi-tyi-ya—Casa Blanca. Qawpaw=Quapaw.
Puruai, Puruay=Puaray. Q¢asi ux¢in, Qdhasi ukdhi=— Khdhasiukdhin.
Pushune= Pusune. Q!eckunuwu=Keshkunuwu.
Pu/-shush= Puisu. Qeqertaujang=Kekertaujkang.
Pu-sit-yit-cho=—Casa Blanca. Qrk'wai/akin= Kekwaiakin.
Pusuaque=Pojoaque. Qé/tamix=Kedlamik.
Pusuna= Pusune. Qrila’tl=Kelatl.
Putavatimes, Putawatame, Putawatimes, Putawato- | Qé/les=Keles.
mie, Putawawtawmaws= Potawatomi. Qr/lkEtos= Kelketos,
Pu’te-ko-hu= Puchkohu. Qe-mini-tca", Qemnitca=Khemnichan.
Putewata, Pttewataday, Putewatimes=Potawa- | Qé/nipsen=Kenipsim.
tomi. Qén-tdoa=Kang.
Putos=Copeh. Qé’qaes=China Hat.
Putowatomey’s, Puttawattimies, Puttcotungs, Putte- | Qeqertaqdjuin—Kekertakdjuin.
watamies, Puttowatamies, Puttwatimees—Potawa- | Qeqertaujang=Kekertaujang.
tomi. Qeqgerten= Kekerten.
Puukon winwu=Puukong. Qeqertuqdjuag—Kekertukjuag.
Pu/-un-t’¢i-wa/-tn= Puuntthiwaun. Qé/qios= Kekios.
Puyallop, Puyallupahmish, Pu-yallup-a-mish, Pu- | Qetlk’oan— Hehlkoan.
yalip= Puyallup. Qeuontowanois=Seneca.
Puyatye=Tano. Qeyata-oto"we, Qeyata-to-wa"— Kheyataotonwe.
Puyon= Winnebago. Qeyata-witcaca— Kheyatawichasha.
Puzhune, Puzlumne=Pusune. Qézonlathit—Kezonlathut.
Pwacatuck, Pwoakatuck, Pwocatuck, Pwockatuck, | Qiassigiaqdjuag—Kiassigiakdjuag.
Pwouacatuck= Pawcatuck. Qichun= Yuma.
Pyanai= Modoc. Qicinzigua—Gyusiwa.
Pyaklékaha=Pilaklikaha. Qid¢ énikaci’ya—K hidhenikashika.
Pyankashees, Pyankeeshas, Pyankehas, Pyanke- Qidneliq=Kidnelik.
shaws, Pyankishaws= Piankashaw. Qimissing = Kimissing.
Pyatonons= Wea. Qinaboags, Qineboags— Quinebaug.
Py-eeds, Pyentes= Paiute. Qingaseareang— Kingaseareang.
Pyquaag, Pyquag=Pyquaug. Qingmiktug= Kingmiktuk.
Pyros= Piro. Qingua= Kingua.
Pytoguis= Poitokwis. Qinguamiut= Kinguamiut.
Py-ute=Paviotso. Stonepioke— aaa
Q’i-ra-vash=Querecho.
A P = Qi-ta/nu-man’-ke= Khitanumanke.
Qa-am-o te-ne=Khaamotene. Qivitung=Kivitung.
Qa’age—Kaake. | ae Qltla/sEn=KItlasen.
Qacka" qatso, Qacka qatso¢gine— Khaskankhatso, Q’ma/shpal=Skitswish
Qaclij, Qaclijni= Khashhlizhni. Qmé ckoyim Qmuski/Em= Musqueam
Qa/gials qé/gawa-i= Kagials-kegawai. Qnicapous— Kick apoo ‘
Qa gutl—K wakiutl. Qnivira—Quivira.
Qahatika—Quahatika. Qoaiastems= K waustums.
Qa-idju—Kaidju, a ; Q’oa/Lna=Koatlna.
Qai’-dju qegawa-i= Kaidju-kegawai. Qoa’ltca—Koalcha.
Qailertetang=Khailertetang. Q’oa/px= Koapk.
Qa-i-na-na-i-té yinné’/= Khainanaitetunne. Qoasi/la=Goasila.
Qaiskana’/=Koiskana, Qoatse=K watsi.
BULL. 30]
Qodlimarn= Kodlimarn.
Qoé’qoaaindx= Koekoaainok.
Qoé’qomatixo= Homalko.
Q’oe/téndx= Koetenok.
Qoé’xsot’éndx= K oeksotenok.
Qo-ganlani= K hoghanhlani.
Qoiastems= K waustums.
Qoi’k:axtendx= Koikahtenok.
Qoigoi= Koikoi.
Qoke’dé= Hokedi.
Qolé’/lagom= Kolelakom.
Q’0’ Lénéx= Kotlenok.
Q’0’m’éndx= Komenok.
Q’o/mk-utis= Komkyutis.
Q’o/moyue= Komoyue.
Q’o/mqutis=Komkutis.
Qona’/= Kona.
Qonaga‘ni= K honagani.
Qo-on’-qwit-3in/né= Khoonkhwuttunne.
Qo-Qai’a= Kokaia.
Q’0’qa-itx= Kokaitk.
Qordlubing= Kordlubing.
Q‘o’-sa yin’-né= Khosatunne.
Qo’sqémox, Qésqimo= Koskimo.
Qo’-ta-tci= K hotachi.
Qotiskaim=Kotlskaim.
Qotl’-ta-tce’-tcé= K hotltacheche.
Qouarra=Quarai.
Qo’ute nas :had’a’i= Kouchnas-hadai.
Qq’uéres=Keresan Family.
Qra=Khra.
Qra’ hun’-e=K hrahune.
Qra’ yre’-ye= Khrakreye.
Qra’ pa ¢a®= K hrapathan.
Qra’-qter= Nachiche.
Qsa/loqul= Ksalokul.
Qsa/psEm=Ksapsem.
Qset-so-kit-pee-tsée-lee=Shipaulovi.
Qsonnontoans, Qsonnontonans, Qsonontouanes=Sen-
eca.
Qta/-lat-li’ yinné=Khtalutlitunne.
Qtlumi= Lummi.
Quaahda=K wahari.
Quaasada=K oasati.
Quabaag, Quabaconk, Quabage,
baug.
Quabajais, Quabajay—Serranos.
Quabakutt, Quabaog, Quabaquick, Quabauke, Qua-
boag, Quaboagh, Quabog, Quaboug=Quabaug.
Quachita= Ouachita.
Quach-snah-mish=Squaxon.
Quack= Aucocisco.
Quack-ena-mish=Squaxon.
Quackeweth, Quackewlth, Quackolls=K wakiutl.
Quacksis= Foxes.
Qua-colth=K wakiutl.
Quacoratchie, Quacoretche=Quacoshatchee.
Quacos=K wakiutl.
Quaddies, Quaddy Indians= Passamaquoddy.
Quadodaquees, Quadodaquious= Kadohadacho.
Quadoge, Quadoghe= Huron.
Quados—= Huados.
Quadroque=Atrakwaye.
Quagheuil= K wakiutl.
Quaguina= Kiakima.
QuahadaComanches, Quahadas, Quahade-Comanches,
Quaha-dede-chatz-Kenna, Qua-ha-de-dechutz-Ken-
na, Quahades=K wahari.
Quahkeulth=K wakiutl.
Qua-ho-dahs= K wahari.
Quah-tah-mah, Quah-to-mah= K watami.
Quaiantl=Quinaielt.
Quaiirnang= K uaiirnang.
Quai-iunough=Guauaenok.
Quai-l-pi= Walpi.
Quaineo= Waco.
Qua-i-nu=Guauaenok.
Quaitlin=K wantlen.
Qua-kars= Komoyue.
Quakeweth=K wakiutl.
Quakoumwahs, Quakouwahs= K watami.
Quak-s’n-a-mish=Squaxon.
Quakyina=K wakina.
Qualatche=Qualatchee.
Quale=Guale.
Qualhioqua= K walhioqua.
Qualicum=Saamen.
Qualioguas=K walhioqua,
Quallatown=Qualla.
Quabagud=Qua-
QODLIMARN—QUE-LAI’-WLT
|
1125
Qualliamish, Quallyamish=Nisqualli.
Qual-quilths=K wakiutl.
Qualquioqua=K walhioqua.
Quamitchan=Cowichan.
Quanatusset—Quantisset.
Quandarosque=Ganeraske.
Quanis Savit=San Juan Capistrano.
Quanmu=Quanmugua.
Quannepague=Quinebaug.
Quanoatinno, Quanoatinos, Quanoouatinos, Quanou-
atins= Kanohatino.
Quans= Kansa.
Quansheto=Conchachitou.
Quantisick—Quantisset.
Quant-lums=K wantlen.
Quanusee=Tlanusiyi.
Quanutusset=Quantisset.
Quapas, Quapau, Quapaws-Arkansas, Quapois, Quap-
pas, Quappaws=Quapaw.
Quaquima, Readein Kiakima.
Quaquiolts= K wakiutl.
Quara, Quarac=Quarai.
Quarlpi—Colville.
Quarra=Quarai.
Quarrelers=Kutchin, Tukkuthkutchin.
Quarrellers=Tukkuthkutchin.
Quarro=Quarai.
Quarrydechocos=K wahari.
Quartelexo—Quartelejo.
Qua-saw-das= K oasati.
Quash-sua-mish=Squaxon.
Quasmigda=Bidai.
Quasosne=Saint Regis.
Quasquens= Kaskaskia.
Quasson tribe= Manamoyik.
Quataquois, Quataquon= Kiowa Apache.
Quat-china= K wakina.
Quate=Guale.
Quathlahpohtles, Quathlahpothle,
Quathlapohtle=Cathlapotle.
Quathl-met-ha=Comeya.
Quatiske, Quatissik—(Quantisset.
Qua’tl=Kwantlen.
Quatoges, Quatoghees, Quatoghies, Quatoghies of
Loretto= Huron.
Quatokeronon=Sauk.
Quatomah, Qua-tou-wah=K watami.
Quatseeno, Quatsenos=Quatsino.
Quatsinas=Goasila.
Quat-si-nu=Quatsino.
Quattamya=K watami.
Quataenog=—Guauaenok.
Quaupuaw=Quapaw.
Quawbaug, Quawbawg=Quabaug.
Quaw-guults=Kwakiutl.
Quawlicum=Saamen.
Quawpa=Quapaw.
Quawpaug=Quabaug.
Quawpaw=Quapaw.
Quaw-she-lah=Goasila.
Quaxule=Guasuli.
Qua-ya-stums= K waustums.
Quayneos= Kannehouan.
Quazula= Ute.
Qube= Khube.
Quga pa sa"= Khudhapasan.
Qu¢gagqtsi i’niyqk‘acir’a— Hangkautadhantsi.
Qiu¢ iniyk‘acir’a—Hangkaahutun.
Queackar= Komoyue.
Queakhpaghamiut=K weakpak.
Quebaug=Quabaug.
Quebec of the Southwest= Acoma.
Quebira=Quivira.
Queeakahs, Quee-ha-ni-cul-ta—Kueha.
Quee ha Qna colt, Quee-ha-qua-coll— Komoyue.
Queékagamut=K wikak.
Queenapaug=Quinebaug.
Queenapiok, Queenapoick— Quinnipiac.
Queen Charlotte’s Island=Skittagetan Family.
Queen Hester’s Palace or Town=Sheshequin.
Queenhithe, Queen Hythe, Queenioolt=Quinaielt
Queerchos=Querechos.
Queesché= Paguate.
Queets, Queet-see= Quaitso.
Quehatsa= Hidatsa.
Quehts=Quaitso.
Quejotoa, Quejoton=Quijotoa.
Quejuen=Tulkepaia.
Que-lai’-wlt=Quileute.
Quathlahpotle
1126
Quelamoueches, Quélancouchis, Quelanhubeches=
Karankawa.
Quelelochamiut=K weleluk.
Quellehutes—Quileute.
Quelotetreny=Quelotetrey.
Quelquimi=Quelqueme.
Quemado= Pueblo Quemado.
Quemalisi—Santa Teresa.
Quemaya4=Comeya.
Quemults=Quinaielt.
Quenait chechat, Que-nait/-sath—=Makah.
Quenebage, Quenebaug=Quinebaug.
Quenebec Indians= Norridgewock.
Quenepiage, Quenepiake= Quinnipiac.
Queniauitl=Quinaielt.
Quenibaug=Quinebaug.
Quenipisa= Acolapissa.
Quenishachshachki= Queenashawakee.
Quenistinos=Cree.
Que’-ni-ult, Quenoil, Quenoith=Quinaielt.
Quenongebin= Keinouche.
Quenopiage=Quinnipiac.
Quenté=Kente.
Queoués coupées= Kishkakon.
Quepas, Queppa=Quapaw.
Quera=Keresan Family.
Querchos, Querechaos, Quereches, Querehos=Que-
rechos.
Querepees= Quinnipiac.
Querelleurs=Tukkuthkutchin.
Queres, Quereses=Keresan Family.
Quéres Gibraltar= Acoma.
Querez, Quéris=Keresan Family.
Queristinos=Cree.
Queros=Keresan Family.
Querphas=Quapaw.
Quer’quelin=Nayakololay.
Querra=Quarai.
Quesadas, Queseda= K oasati.
Quesnel, Quesnelle Mouth—Chentsithala
Quetahtore=Carrizo.
Queues coupées=Kishkakon.
Quevenes= Kohani.
Quevindoyan=Ossossane.
que Vira=Quivira.
Quevoil=Quinaielt.
Queyches= Kichai.
Queyugwe, Queyugwehaughga—Cayuga.
Quezedans= K oasati.
Quhlicum=Saiimen.
Qui a han less= K weundlas.
Quiamera=Guayoguia, Mecastria.
Quiaquima, Quia-Quima=Kiakima.
Quiarlpi=Colville.
Quia-shi-dshi= Kiashita.
Quia-tzo-qua=Kiatsukwa.
Quiaviquinta=Quiviquinta.
Quibira=Quivira.
Quiburio=Quiburi.
Quicama, Quicamopa=Quigyuma.
Quicapause, Quicapons, Quicapous= Kickapoo.
Quicasquiris= Wichita.
Quichaais, Quichais, Quicheigno, Quiches= Kichai.
Quichuan= Kiowa.
Quicimas=Quigyuma.
Quicinzigua=Gyusiwa.
Quick-sul-inut=Koeksotenok.
Quicoma, Quicona=Quigyuma.
Quicunontateronons=Tionontati.
Quidaho= Kichai.
Qui-dai-elt—Quinaielt.
Quidehaio, Quidehais= Kichai.
Quieetsos=Quaitso.
Quie ha Ne cub ta=Kueha.
Quiemltutz=Tionontati.
Quiennontateronons=Tionontati, Westkarini.
Quiennontaterons=Nipissing.
Quietaroes=Coyoteros.
Quieuindohain, Quieuindohian=Ossossane.
Quigata=Quigaute.
Quigualtanji, Quigualtanqui, Quiguas—Quigalta.
Quiguata, Quiguate=Quigaute.
Quigyamas, Quihuimas=Quigyuma.
Quiilla=Coila.
Quilahutes=Quileute.
Quilaielt=Quinaielt,
Quila’pe=Willopah.
Quilcene=Colcene.
Quilehutes=Quileute.
QUELAMOUECHES—QUISQUATE
[B. A. B,
| Quilh-cah=Guhlga.
Quiliapiack, Quilipiacke=Quinnipiac.
Quil-i-utes, Quillahyute, Quillayutes, Quillehetes,
Quil-leh-utes=Quileute.
Quilleoueoquas, Quillequaquas,
Quillequeoqua=K walhioqua.
Quilleutes, Quilleyutes, Quillihute—Quileute.
Quillipeage, Quillipiacke, Quillipieck, Quillipiog,
Quillipiuk, Quillipyake=Quinnipiac.
Quilliutes, Quilloyaths—Quileute.
Quillypieck= Quinnipiac.
Quilochugamiut=K wilokuk.
Quil-si-eton—K wilsieton.
Quimac=Quigyuma.
Quimado= Pueblo Quemado.
Qui’/-me=Cochiti.
Quimipeiock= Quinnipiac.
Quimis=Quems.
Quinabaag, Quinaboag—Quinebaug.
Qui-nai-elts, Quin-aik, Qui-nai-lee, Quin-aitle, Quin-
aiult, Quinaiutl=Quinaielt.
Quinaoutoua=Quinaouatoua.
Quinapeag, Quinapeake=Quinnipiac.
Quinaquous= Kickapoo.
Quinault, Quinayat=Quinaielt.
Quincapous= Kickapoo.
Quinchaha=K winak.
Quinebage, Quineboag=Quinebaug.
Quinechart= Makah.
Quinehaha, Quinehahamute—K winak.
Quinepage=Quinebaug.
Quineres, Quinets= Karankawa.
Quinetusset= Quantisset.
Quingas= Keresan Family.
Quingo— Venango.
Quingoes= Cayuga.
Quingoi= K wingyap.
Quinhaghamiut= K winak.
Quinibaug, Quinibauge=Quinebaug.
Quinielt, Quiniilts, Quinilts, Quiniltz—Quinaielt.
Quinipiac— Quinnipiac.
Quinipisas, Quinipissa= Acolapissa.
Quinipieck, Quinipiuck= Quinnipiac.
Quiniquissa= Acolapissa.
Quinira=Quivira.
Quiniult, Quiniutles=Quinaielt.
Quinnabaug=Quinebaug.
Quin-na-chart, Quinnechant, Quinnechart=Makah.
Quinnepaeg, Quinnepas, Quinnepauge, Quinnepiack,
Quinne-py-ooghq, Quinnipauge, Quinnipiak, Quin-
nipiéucke, Quinnipiog, Quinnipioke=Quinnipiac.
Quinnipissas= Acolapissa.
Quinnopiage— Quinnipiac.
Quinnuboag=Quinebaug.
Quinnypiag= Quinnipiac.
Quinnypiock, Quinnypiog,
piace.
Quinguimas=Quigyuma.
Quinshaatin= K wilchana.
Quinskanaht, Quinskanht= Koiskana.
Quinsta=Gyusiwa.
Quintay, Quinte—Kente.
Quinticoock=Connecticut.
Quinults=Quinaielt.
Quinypiock—= Quinnipiac.
Quiocohanocs, Quiocohanses=Quioucohanoc.
Quioepetons= Wahpeton.
Quiohohouans= Kiowa.
Quiopetons= Wahpeton.
Quiouaha, Quiouahan= Kiowa.
Quioyaco= Quiotraco.
Quipana= Pawnee, Kipana.
Quipano= Pawnee.
Quiqualtangui, Quiqualthangi—Quigalta.
Quiquimas, Quiquimo, Quiquionas=Quigyuma.
Quiquogas=Cayuga.
Quirasquiris= Wichita.
Quirepeys= Quinnipiac.
Quires, Quirex, Quiria—Keresan Family.
Quiriba—Quivira.
Quiripeys=Quinnipiac.
Quirireches=Querecho.
Quiriribis= Huirivis.
Quirix, Quiros=Keresan Family.
Quirotes=Quirogles.
Quiscate=Quiscat.
Quiseyove=Quisiyove.
Quis-kan-aht= Koiskana.
Quisquate=Quiscat.
Quillequeognas,
Quinopiocke= Quinni-
BULL. 30]
Quitcac=Cuitoat.
Quitepcomuais, Quitepiconnae=Tippecanoe.
Quitoa, Quitoac—Cuitoat.
Quitobac=Bacapa.
Quitobaca=Quitovaquita.
Quitoeis= Kichai.
Quitoks=Quitoles.
Quito Vaqueta=Quitovaquita.
Quitres, Quitreys=Kichai.
Quits=Quaitso. F
Quitseigus, Quitseings, Quitseis, Quituchiis=Kichai.
Quitways= Miami.
Quitxix, Quitzaene—Kichai.
Quiuira, Quiuiriens—Quivira.
Quiumziqua, Quiumzique, Quiunzique—Gyusiwa.
Quiuquuhs=Cayuga.
Quiusta—Gyusiwa.
Quivera, Quivica, Quivina, Quivire, Quivirans, Qui-
virenses=Quivira.
Quivix=Keresan Family.
Quiyone=Koiaum.
Quiyonghcohanock, Quiyougcohanocks, Quiyough-
cohanock, Quiyoughqnohanocks=Quioucohanoc.
Quizi= Kichai.
Qujanes= Kohani.
Qumault=Quinaielt.
Qundj-ala"— Khundzhalan.
Qune’tcin= Kunechin.
Qin-e’-tcu-3a’—K hunetchuta.
Q’0/-ni-li-i’-kqwit=Khuniliikhwut.
Qunk-ma-mish= K weht]mamish.
Qunnipiéuk, Qunnipiuck, Qunnipiug, Qunnippiuck=
Quinnipiac.
Qunnubbagge=Quinebaug,
Qunjsé= K hunditse.
Quoanantino= Kanohatino,
Quoaquis—Coaque.
Quoboag, Quoboge—Quabaug.
Quodadiquio=Kadohadacho.
Quoddies, Quoddy Indians= Passamaquoddy.
Quoisillas=Goasila.
Quoitesos=Quaitso.
Quo-kim=Cajuenche.
Quonahasit, Quonahassit=Conohasset.
Quonantino=Kanohatino.
Quoneashee=Tlanusiyi.
Quonoatinnos=Kanohatino.
Quoquoulth=K wakiutl.
Quoratem=K woratem.
Quor-ra-da-chor-koes= K wahari.
Quotoas=K wotoa.
Quouan=Kohani.
Quouarra=Quarai.
Quppas=Quapaw.
Quqoa’q=Kukoak.
Ququ/lEk'=Kukulek.
Qurachtenons= Wea.
Qusisillas—Goasila.
Quss-kan-aht= Koiskana.
Qusutas—Ute.
Qiuts hit tan—Kutshittan.
Quunnipieuck= eetauipine.
Qu-win’-kqwit=Khunkhwuttunne.
Quya=Khuya.
Quyegu jinga—K huyeguzhinga.
Quyunikacinga—Husada.
Qvinipiak= Quinnipiac.
Qvivira=Quivira.
Qwai’ctin-ne’ yin’/né=Khwaishtunnetunne.
Qwa'-s‘ a-a/-tin=Khosatunne.
Qwapaws=Quapaw.
Qwa’/qwat/=Hwahwatl.
Qwec’ yinné=Khweshtunne.
Qweenylt=Quinaielt.
Q!wé’qolen=Nayakololay.
Qwe’q"sot !enox"=K oeksotenok.
Qwikties= Miami.
Qwiltca’na=Kwilchana.
Qwin’-ctiin-ne’-tin=Khwaishtunnetunne.
Qwic-tcu/-migl-tiin 3in/né=Kaltsergheatunne.
Qwii/lh-hwai-pim=Klikitat.
Qwin-rziin’/-me=Khwunrghunme,
Rabbitskins=Kawchodinne.
Raccoon= Mikaunikashinga.
Raccoons Village= White Raccoon’s Village.
Rackeaway= Rockaway.
Racoon Village=White Raccoon’s Village.
Racres=Arikara.
QUITCAC—RED PEOPLE
1127
Ra-dro-y9e= Rathroche.
Radiqueurs—Shoshoko.
Raguapuis—Bagiopa.
Rahum=Rahun.
Raicheshnoe= Riechesni.
Rain Pueblo=Chettrokettle.
Rainy-lake Indians= Kojejewininewug.
Raiz del Mesquite= Mesquite.
Ral-la-wat-sets= Kalawatset.
Ramaya=Santa Ana.
Ramocks= Rancocas.
Rampart=Maynook,
Rampart Indians=Trotsikkutchin.
Ramushouuog=Ramushonogq.
Rancheria de la Pasion de Tucavi=Tucavi.
Rancheria de los Gandules= Moenkapi.
Rancherias de la Pasion= Pasion.
Rancherias de Santa Coleta=Santa Coleta.
Rancho Hediondo= Hediondo.
Rancokas=Rancocas.
Rancokeskill=Ramecock.
Rankokas=Rancocas.
Rankokus Kill>Ramcock.
Rapahanna, Rapahanocks= Rappahannock.
Rapahos= Arapaho.
Rapid Indians=Atsina.
Rappahanoc= Rappahannock.
Rappaho= Arapaho.
Ra-ra-to-oans, Ra-ra-t’wans—Chippewa.
Heretangh, Raritangs, Raritanoos, Raritanus=Rari-
an.
Rarondaks= Adirondack.
Rasaoua-koueton=Nassauaketon.
Rasauweak=Rasawek.
Rasbi/nik= Razboinski.
Rascal, Rascal Indians=Tututni.
Rascals’ Village—Sotstl.
Rassawck, Rassaweak, Rassawek—Rasawek.
Rat Indians=Tukkuthkutchin, Vuntakutchin.
Ratirintaks— Adirondack.
Rat-je Kama Tse-shu-ma=Haatze.
Rat nation=Wazhush.
Ratones= Pueblo Raton.
Rat people= Vuntakutchin,
Rat River Indians=Tukkuthkutchin,
Rat tribe= Kake.
Ra-tya, Rat-ye Ka-ma Tze-shuma=Haatze.
Rain=Rahun.
Raven= Petchalerulipaka.
Raventown=Kalanuyi.
Ravin Indians=Crows.
Ra-we’ qa’ ye=Rawekhanye.
Rawe/yapa= Pochotita.
Rayados=Tawehash.
Raychevsnoi=Riechesni.
Raymneecha= Khemnichan.
Rayouse=Cayuse.
Razbinsky, Razboinik= Razboinski.
Rehich-ée/di= Hokedi.
Real de Bacanuchi=Bacanuchi.
Real de Nacosari= Nacosari.
Rea Ratacks=K likitat.
Recars=Arikara.
Rechahecrians, Rechehecrians—Cherokee.
Recheshnaia= Nikolski.
Rechgawawanc, Rechkawick, Rechkawyck=Man-
hattan.
Rechkewick, Rechouwhacky, Rechowacky = Rocka-
way.
Reckawancks, Reckawawanc, Reckewackes, Reck-
gawawanc= Manhattan.
Reckheweck= Rechquaakie.
Reckkeweck, Reckkouwhacky, Reckomacki, Reck-
onhacky, Reckowacky= Rockaway.
Redais=Bidai.
Red Apaches= Apache.
Redcaps=Opegoi.
Red crayfish=Chakchiuma.
Red eagle=Tsishuwashtake.
Red Fox= Foxes.
Red Grounds=Kanchati.
Red House=Chichilticalli.
Red Indians=Beothukan Family.
Red Jacket Village=Tekisedaneyout.
Red knife, Red-knife Indians, Red Knives=Tatsa-
nottine.
Red lobsters=Chakchiuma.
Redoubt St. Michael=St. Michael.
Red people=Suwuki Ohimal.
1128
Red Round Robes=Mokumiks.
Red Shield=Mahohivas.
Red-stick= Mikasuki.
Red Town=Chichilticalli.
Red Water band=Itazipcho, Minisha.
Red Willow Indians=Taos.
Red Wing=Khemnichan,
Redwood Indians= Whilkut.
Redwoods=Huchnom.
Ree=Arikara.
Reed= Kushiksa.
Reese River Indians=Nahalgo.
Refugio= Nuestra Sefiora del Refugio.
Re’/-ho=Tuluka.
Reiners= Foxes.
Re-ka-ras, Re-ke-rahs=Arikara.
Rek-qua=Rekwoi.
Remedios Banamichi= Banamitzi.
Reminica Band= Khemnichan.
Remkokes= Rancocas.
Remnica, Remnichah= K hemnichan.
Renais= Foxes.
Renapi= Delaware.
Renards= Foxes.
Renarhonon= Arendahronons.
Renars, Renarz= Foxes.
Renecuey=Senecu.
Re-nis-te-nos=Cree.
Renni Renape= Delaware.
Republic, Republican, Republican Pawnees, Répub- |
liques= Kitkehahki. |
Requa=Rekwoi.
Retchechnoi= Nikolski.
Rewechnongh= Haverstraw.
Reweghnoncks= Manhattan.
Reyataotonwe= K heyataotonwe.
Reyes de Cucurpe=Cucurpe.
Reynards= Foxes.
Rhagenratka—Neutrals.
Rhea=Arikara.
Rhiierrhonons= Erie.
Riana= Kiowa.
Ricapous= Kickapoo.
Ric’-aras, Ricaree, Ricaries, Ricaris, Ricars, Ric-ca-
ras, Riccaree, Riccarrees= Arikara.
Rice Indians= Menominee.
Rice Makers= Munominikasheenhug.
Richara=Arikara.
Richibouctou=Richibucto.
Rich Prairie Dog= Achepabecha.
Rickapoos= Kickapoo.
Rickaras, Rickarees, Rickerees= Arikara.
Rickohockans=Cherokee.
Rickrees, Ricora= Arikara.
Riechesnoe= Nikolski.
Ri-ga-ta-a-ta-wa— Kheyataotonwe.
Rigibucto= Richibucto.
Rigneronnons, Rigueronnons= Erie.
Rihit= Ponca.
Rikaras, Rikkara=Arikara.
Ri-kwa=Rekwoi.
Rinak=Rirak.
Rinconada= Aritutoce.
Rio Grande de Espeleta=Oraibi.
Riquehronnons= Erie.
Ris=Arikara.
Rishebouctou, Rishebucta= Richibucto.
Rising Sun Folks, Rising Sun men= Etheneldeli.
Ristigouche, Ristigutch= Restigouche.
Rito de los Frijoles=Tyuonyi.
Rittenbenk=Ritenbenk.
River Crows= Minesetperi.
River Indians= Mahican.
River that flles=Wakpokinyan.
Rjatscheschnoje=Nikolski.
Road Indians= Ninnipaskulgees.
Roakeway= Rockaway.
Roasters= Dakota.
Robber Indians= Bannock.
Robbers= Pillagers.
Roccamecco= Rocameca.
Rocher de Bout= Roche de Beeuf.
Ro’é’/hilit= Eskimo.
Rockamagug, Rockamecook= Rocameca.
Rockaway=Rechquaakie.
Rockeway= Rockaway.
Rock Indians= Kumbatuash.
Rock of Katzimo= Katzimo.
Rocks=Jatonabine.
RED
ROUND ROBES—SACKS
[BrAsa
Rockway=Rockaway.
Rocky Mountain Indians=Nahane, Sekani,
Rocomeco= Rocameca,
Rodinunchsiouni= Iroquois.
Roger's river, Rogue Indians=Tututni.
Rogue River=Shasta, Takelma, Tututni.
Rogues= Pillagers.
Rogue’s River=Tututni.
Roil-roil-pam=K likitat.
Roinsac= Kaskaskia.
Rolling Bullet=Huhliwahli.
Romanons= Romonans.
Rondax, Rondaxe= Adirondack.
Roode Huis=Chichilticalli.
Rooktsu=Roktsho.
Rooptahee, Roop-tar-ha, Roop-tar-har—Ruptari.
Rooskoos Tokali= Pooscoostekale.
Root Diggers=Ditsakana, Shoshoko.
Root-Eaters=Ditsakana, Shoshoko, Yambadika.
Rop-tar-ha= Ruptari.
Roquai=Noquet.
Roque-choh= Roktsho.
Rosa Hawicuii= Hawikuh.
Rosario—Jiaspi, Santa Rosario.
Rosario Nacameri= Nacameri.
Roskeemo= Koskimo.
Rothfisch-Manner=Tluskez.
Rouameuo= Rocameca.
Rouinsac= Kaskaskia,
Round Heads=Tétes de Boule.
Round town people= Yuchi.
Roving Dakotas=Gens du Large.
Rowanans= Romonans.
Rrayados=Tawehash.
Rsarsavina=Sobaipuri.
Ruas=Tigua.
Ruhptare=Ruptari.
Ruibnaia=Ribnaia.
Rumachenanck= Haverstraw.
Rumsenes, Rumsien, Runcienes=Rumsen.
Runicas=Tunica.
Runsenes, Runsienes= Rumsen.
Runsiens= Moquelumnan, Salinan family.
Rugtea=Rukhcha.
Ruslen=Rumsen.
Ru/-tce=Ruche.
Ru/-tce yin-e= Rucheyine.
Ru-tcke= Ruchke.
Ruzany=Busanic. a
Rxo/-yi-nés’ tinné/— Rghoeyinestunne.
Ryawas= Kiowa.
Rybnia=Ribnaia.
Rychesnoi= Nikolski.
Rye-Grass-Seed-Eaters—= Waradika,
Ryuwas= Kiowa.
Sda-Kaalituck—Saukaulutuchs.
Saakies=Sauk.
Sa-akl— Yaquina.
Sa-ak-ti-ka-i—Saticoy.
Saalis—Salish.
Saanitch=Sanetch.
Sa-aptin=Nez Percés.
Sa-arcix, Sa arsey=Sarsi.
Saaskies, Saasskies=Sauk.
Sababish=Samamish.
Sabacola—Sawokli.
Sabaguis=Sobaipuri.
Sabanoes=Shawnee.
Sablez—Sable.
Sabsh=Samish.
Sabstnisky=Uglovaia.
Sabuagana Gutas, Sabuaganas=Akanakwint.
Sacalanes=Saclan.
Sacatone=Sacaton.
Saccanesset=—Succonesset.
Saccung=Sawcunk.
Sacenong=Saginaw.
Sachap=Satsop.
Sachdagughroonaw, Sachdagughs= Powhatan.
Sachertelontin=Zakatlatan.
Sachet=Skagit.
Sachi=Sauk.
Sachimers=Sakumehu.
Sa-chinco, Sa-chin-ko= Tait.
Sackanoir= Lakmiut.
Sackawee’-thinyoowuc=Sakawithiniwuk.
Sacket=Skagit.
Sacks=Sauk.
i intel
BULL. 30]
Sackung=Sawcunk.
Sacky=Sauk.
Sa¢l’-réq-tin=Sathlrekhtun.
Sac-me-ugh=Sakumehu.
Sacoes, Saco Indians=Sokoki.
Sacona=Jacona.
Saconet=—Saconnet.
Sacramantenos, Sacramento Apaches= Mescaleros.
Sacs=Sauk. Ay);
Sacunck=Sawcunk. 1
Sddalsomte-k‘iago= Kiowa Apache.
Sadamon, Sadamons=Sadammo.
Saddals—Skaddal.
Seadju’gal la’nas—Sadjugahl-lanas.
Sadujames=Sadammo.
Saeckkill=Sack hoes.
Sae-lies=Salish.
Saelis=Chehalis.
Selé=Tepehuane.
Sa-essau-dinneh= Etheneldeli.
Sagachiganirini8ek—Sagaiguninini.
Sagadahock—Sagadahoc.
Sagahrganirini, Sagaiganinini=Sagaiguninini.
Sagamore John’s Town=Mishawum.
Sag-a-na-gi—Delaware. °
Saganaws=Saginaw.
Sagans—Sugeree.
Sagantwaga - wininiwak = Sugwaundugahwinine-
wug.
Staga’nusili—Sagangusili.
Sagaseys—Sauk.
Sagavog=Sagavok.
Sagayayumnes=Sakaiakumne.
Sagte’=Sagi.
Sagennom=Soyennow.
Sage-nom-nis—Sagenomnas.
Sagetaen-né=Chiricahua.
Saghadellautin—Zakatlatan.
Sagina, Saginang—Saginaw.
Sagitawawininiwag—Sagewenenewak.
Sagiwa=Sauk.
Sagkonate—Saconnet.
Saguaguana=Akanaquint.
Saguanés=Shawnee.
Saguaripa=Sahuaripa.
Saguina, Saguinam, Saguinan, Saguinau=Saginaw.
Saguna= Laguna.
Sagus, Sagust=—Saugus.
S. Agustin=Oiaur.
S. Agustin del Pueblito de Tucson, S. Agustin de
Tuson=Tucson.
S. Agustin Oiaur=Oiaur.
Sagwandagawinini, Sagwandagawininiwag — Sug-
waunduganwininewug.
Sahagi= Dakota.
Sahagungusili—Sagangusili.
Sahajugwan alth Lennas=Sadjugahllanas.
Sahantila—Siksika.
Sahapotins, Sahaptain, Sahaptan, Sahaptanian=Nez
Percés.
Sahaptin=Nez Percés, Waiilatpuan Family.
Sahaptins=Waiilatpuan Family.
Sahawahmish=Sahewamish.
Sa-he’—Cree.
Sahehwamish=Sahewamish.
Sah-halah=Shahala.
Sah haptinnay= Nez Percés.
Sahhihwish=Sahewamish.
Sahi’yena—Cheyenne.
Sah-ku-méhu=Sakumehu.
Sahlalah=Silela.
Sahmamish=Samamish.
Sahmish=Samish.
Sahnchecontuckquet=—Sanchecantacket.
Sah-nels=Shanel.
Sahnikans= Assumpink.
Sahohes, Sa-hone=Saone.
Sah-o-ne-hont-a-par-par=Saone Hunkpapa.
Sahonies—Saone.
Sah-own=Sangona.
Sahquatucket=Satucket.
Sah-se-sah tinney= Etheneldeli.
Sahuaripas—Jova.
Sah-wah-mish=Sawamish.
Sahwaunoo=Shawnee.
Sai’-a-kwa=Sia.
Sai’-az=Saia.
Saich-kioie-tachs, Saich-kwil-tach=—Lekwiltok.
Saiconke—Seekonk.
Saidoka= Modoc.
Sai’-du-ka=Snakes.
SACKUNG—ST. MICHAEL
1129
Saie/kuin=Cree.
Saikiné= Pima.
Saikinné= Papago, Pima,
Sai-létc’, Sai-létc’-ic-me’-jinne=Siletz.
Sailk-sun=Sailupsun.
Sai-nals=Shanel.
Sainct Gabriel=Ossossane.
Sainct Iacques et sainct Philippe=Saint Jacques et
Saint Philippe.
Sainct Iean=Etarita.
Sainct ace=Taenhatentaron.
Sainct Matthieu=Ekarenniondi.
Stainct . Paulus=San Pablo.
S[ainct]. Petrus=San Pedro.
Sainct Pierre et sainct Paul= Ehouae.
Sainct Thomas=Saint Thomas.
Sai-nels-chas-kaw=Shanel.
Sainstkla=Siuslaw.
S [aint]. Antoine de Senecu.
St. Antony=Senecu.
St. Bartholomew=Cochiti.
St. Bigin=Saint Regis.
Saint Coy=Kenduia.
St. Dies=Sandia.
Saint Domingo=Santo Domingo.
St.’d’osquet, St. Douskie, St. Dusky=Sandusky.
Sainte Anne de Ristigouche= Restigouche.
S[aint] Edward=Baipia.
Sainte Marie de Sault=Pawating.
St. Estevan, St. Estevan Acoma, St. Estevan Queres—
Acoma.
Saint Estienne= Kiohero.
St. Eulalie=Santa Olalla.
Saint Frangais=Saint Francis.
St. Francais de Sales=Saint Francis.
St. Francis=Nambe.
St. Francis Borgia=Michilimackinac.
St. Francis de Sales=Saint Francis.
Saint Francis Regis—Saint Regis.
St Francis Xavier des Pres=La Prairie.
St. Francoi, St. Frangois=Saint Francis.
Saint Frangois du Lac=La Prairie.
Saint-Frangois-Xavier=Saint Francis Xavier, San
Francisco Xavier de Vigge Biaundo.
St. Frangois Xavier=Ganowarohare.
St. Francois Xavier a Laprairie de la Magdeleine=
La Prairie.
Saint-Francois-Xavier-de-Biaundo—San
Xavier de Viggé Biaundo,
Saint-Francois-Xavier-des-Prés=La Prairie.
St Francois Xavier du Sault=Caughnawaga.
St. Gregory=Abo.
St.Guillaume=Teotongniaton.
St. Hieronimo=Taos.
Saint Iean=Etarita.
S. Iean Baptiste=Saint Jean Baptiste, Cahiague.
St. Ignatius=Taenhatentaron.
St. Isabella=Santa Isabel.
Saint Jacques, St. James=Kanagaro.
Saint Jean=Deyodeshot, San Juan.
Saint Jean Baptiste—Onondaga (vil.).
Saint-Jean des Chevaliers=San Juan.
St Jerome, S[aint]. Jerome de los Taos, St Jeronimo,
S[aint]. Jeronimo de Taos=Taos.
faint] oachin=San Joaquin.
Francisco
S [aint] Joanne=San Juan.
Saint John=Deyodeshot, San Juan.
St. John of God=San Juan de Dios.
St. John’s=Etarita, Malecite, San Juan.
Saint John’s river Indians, St. John’s tribe= Male-
cite.
St Josef= Patoqua.
Saint Joseph=Gayagaanhe,
Teanaustayae.
St Laurence=Picuris.
St Lazarus=San Lazaro.
St. Lewis, St. Lewisses=San Luis de Apalachi.
S{aint], Lorent=San Lorenzo.
St. Ludlovic de Vacapa=Bacapa.
S[aint], Marcellus=Sonoita.
St Marco—San Marcos.
St Maria—Galisteo.
S[aint], Mark—San Marcos.
S{aint]. Martin, S[aint], Martin of the Opas—San
Martin.
Saint Mary=Teatontaloga.
St. Mary’s=Gannentaha, Santa Maria Magdalena.
Saint Mathias=Ekarenniondi.
St. Mathias de Tuto Magoidag=Tutomagoidag.
Saint]. Matthaeus de Sicoroidag—Sicoroidag.
St. Michael=San Miguel Zuaque, Scanonaenrat.
Patoqua, Sillery,
1130
Saint Michael’s=Kanagaro.
Saint Michel=Saint Michael, Kanagaro, Khioetoa,
Scanonaenrat.
St. Nicholas= Kenai.
St. Orloff, St. Orlova=Orlova.
St. Pablo=San Pablo.
St. Paul= Kodiak.
St. Peter=San Pedro.
Saint Peter’s=Caughnawaga.
S[aint]. Phelippe, St. Philip—San Felipe.
St. Philip de JHS—Terrenate.
St. Philippe, St. Philips, St. Phillipe, St. Phillippe—
San Felipe.
Saint Rene=Onnontare.
Saint Stephen=Kiohero.
St. Yotoc=Sonnioto.
Sai’-o-kwa=Sia.
Saiopines=Tiopines.
Sa-i-sa~’dtinne= Etheneldeli.
Sai-wash=Shasta.
Sai-yu’-cle-me’ yunné=Coos.
Sai-yu’/-sla-me’ jinne, Sai-yiis’-t‘gi-me’
Siuslaw.
Sajay=Xagua.
Sa-jer-0-pan-ga—Skidi.
Sajirit=San Juan Capistrano.
Sakacawone=Secacawoni.
Sakadelontin=Zakatlatan.
Sakahiganiriouek=Sagaiguninini.
Sa‘ka‘o'ganing=Sukaauguning.
Sakatalan, Sakataloden=Zakatlatan.
Sakawes, Sakawis=Sauk.
Sakawiyiniwok=Sakawithiniwuk.
Sakawiyiniw—Sugwaundugahwininewug.
Sakes=Sauk.
Saketon=Sacaton.
Saketupiks=Siksika.
$/4-ke-w’é, Sakewi—Sauk.
Sakhalis=Skatalis.
Sak’hutka=Abihka.
Sakiaqdjung=Sakiakdjung.
Sakiman, Sakinam, Sakinan, Sakinang=Saginaw.
Sa’/ki qé/gawa-i=Saki-kegawai.
$a-kish =Tsahis.
Sakisimme=Lakisumne.
Sa-ki-yu=Sauk.
Sak-ka-ya=Sakaya.
Sak‘la’nas=Sagua-lanas.
Saklans=Saclan.
Sakoa’n=Sukkwan.
Sa/kona=Jacona.
Sakonett=Saconnet.
Sa+k’o+t, Sak‘o’ta=Cheyenne.
Saks=Sauk.
Sakwi’yi=Soquee.
Saky=Sauk.
Salab winwt=Salabi.
Stala/ndas=Salendas.
Salan Pomas=Salan Pomo.
Sat/idAn kun=Sahldung.
Salem Indians= Manta.
Sa/lic=Ntlakyapamuk.
Saligugi=Turtletown.
Salinas=Salinan.
Saline=Ketchewaundaugenink,
Saline Apaches= Mescaleros,
Salish=Salishan Family.
Saliutla—Siuslaw.
Sallenches=Talinchi.
Sallicoah=Selikwayi.
Salmeros=Salineros.
Salmon Eaters=Tazaaigadika.
Salmon River Snakes=Tukuarika.
Salsen, Salses—Salsona.
Salsonas=Saclan.
Salst Kamlups= Kamloops.
Salst syastsitlini—Spokan.
Salsyuyilp=Colville.
Salt City=Matsaki.
Salteur—Chippewa.
Salt Lake Diggers= Hohandika.
Salt Lick Town=Lick Town.
Salt-water band= Lower Chehalis.
Sal-wa’-qa—Salwahka.
Salzon=Salsona.
Sam-ab-mish=Samamish.
Samackman=Samahquam.
yannée=
SAINT MICHAEL’S—SANDEA
[B. A. B.
Sam-adhmish=Samamish.
Samalayuca=Ojito de Samalayuca.
Samam-hoo=Semiahmoo.
Samaripa=Sahuaripa.
Samboukas=Samboukia.
S. Ambrosio Busanic=Busanic.
Samdan=Sumdum.
Sa’/menos=Somenos.
S’a’/mic=Samish.
Sa-milk-a-nuigh=Similkameen.
Samipoas—Sanipaos.
Sam-na’i, Sam-nan=Picuris.
Samokin=Shamokin.
Samoupavi=Shongopoyi.
Samparicka=Ditsakana.
Sampeetches, Sampiches, Sampichya, Sampits, Sam-
puches=Sanpet.
Samtsh=Sanetch.
Sanas=Sana.
San Agustin=Oiaur.
San Agustin del Isleta—Isleta.
San Agustin Oiaur=Oiaur.
Sanakhanskoe=Sanyakoan.
Sanaki’wa=Choctaw.
Sa’nak‘oan=Sanyakoan.
San Aldefonso=sSan Ildefonso.
San Ambrosio de Busanio=Busanic.
San Andres Atotonileo=Atotonilco.
San Andres Chinipas=Chinipa.
San Andres Conicari=Conicari.
San Antonio= Bacuancos, Salinan Family, Seneeu.
San Antonio de la Isleta=Isleta, Isleta del Sur.
San Antonio del Pueblo= Pomojoua.
S[an]. Antonio de Senaca, San Antonio de Sencen,
San Antonio de Seneci, San Antonio de Senecu=
Senecu.
San Antonio de Uquitoa—Oquitoa.
S[an]. Antonio Ilamatech=Ilamatech.
San Antonio of Sinolu=Senecu del Sur.
S[{an]. Antonio Oquitoa—Oquitoa.
San Antonio Seneca=Senecu del Sur.
S[an], Augustin=Oiaur.
San Augustin de Ahumada, San Augustin de Ahu-
mada Rio de la Trinidad=San Agustin de Ahu-
mada.
San Sugnatin de la Isleta, San Augustin del Isleta=
sleta.
S[{an]., Augustinus=Oiaur.
San Bartolomé= Puaray.
San Bartolome Batacosa=Batacosa.
S[an]. Bartolomé Comac=Comac.
San Bartolome de Jongopavi, San Bartolomé de
Jougopavi, San Bartolomé de Xongopabi, San
Bartolomé de Xongopavi=Shongopovi.
San Bartolomeo=Cochiti.
Blan Bernabé Jongopavi=Shongopovi.
San Bernahdino de Ahuatobi, San Bernardino, San
Bernardino de Aguatuvi, San Bernardino de Ahua-
tobi=Awatobi.
San Bernardino del Agua Caliente=San Bernardino. ;
S/an],. Bernardo Aquimuri= Aquimuri.
Sta . Bernardo de Aguatuvi= A watobi.
San Bernardo de Jongopabi=Shongopovi.
San Bernardo Gracia Real=Terrenate.
San Borja=San Francisco Borja.
S[an]. Buena ventura, San Buena Ventura de Co-
chita, San Buena Ventura de Cochiti=Cochiti.
Stan} Buen. de Mossaquavi= Mishongnovi.
aie) Bernardino Gualpi= Walpi.
S{an], Cajetanus=Calabazas.
San Capistrano=San Juan Capistrano.
San Carlos de Carmelo, San Carlos del Carmelo, San
Carlos de Monterey=San Carlos.
S[an]. Catherina—Cuitciabaqui.
S[an], Cayetano=—Tumacacori.
S[an]. Cayetano de Bac=San Xavier del Bac.
San Cayetano de Calabazas=Calabazas.
S[an]. Cayetano Tumagacori, S[an], Cayetano Tu-
mapacori= Tumacacori.
San Cazaro=San Lazaro.
San Christoval—San Cristobal.
Sanchu=Sauchu.
San Clemente=Bejuituuy.
S[an]. Cosmas=San Cosme.
San Cristobel, San Cristoforo, San Cristoval—San
Cristobal.
Sanctuit—Satuit.
Sandea=Sandia.
a)
et
BULL. 50]
Sandedotan=Sandatoton.
Sandesque—Sandusky.
Sand-hill people=Neomaitaneo.
San Diaz=Sandia.
San Diegnito—San Dieguito.
San Diego—Gyusiwa, Tesuque, Uitorrum.
San Diego de Jamez, San Diego de Jemes, San Diego
de Jemez, San Diego de los Emex, San Diego de los
Hemes, San Diego de los Temes=Gyusiwa.
San Diego de Tesuque=Tesuque.
San Diego de Vitorrum=Uitorrum.
San Dieguito=—San Diego.
San Diepo de Pitquin=Pitic.
San Diepo de Uquitoa—Oquitoa.
Sandilla=Sandia.
San Domingan, San Domingo—Santo Domingo.
S[an]. Doonysio—San Dionysio.
Sandoske, Sandosket, Sandoski, Sandosky, Sandouski,
Sandousky=Sandusky.
S. Andres Esqugbaag= Esqubaag.
Sand town=Uktahasasi.
Sanduskee, Sanduski, Sanduskians—Sandusky.
Sandusky Senecas= Mingo.
Sandy Lake Indians= Kahmetahwungaguma.
Saneca=Senecu del Sur.
S[an]. Eduard de Baipia, S[an], Eduardo, S[an].
Eduardo de Aribacpia, San Edvardo de Baipia=—
Baipia.
Sanels—Shanel.
Bian) Estanislao Octam, S{an]} Estanislao Ooltan=
Ooltan.
San Estéban de Acoma, San Estéban de Asoma, S[an].
Estevan de Acoma= Acoma. ’
San Felepe, S[an]. Felip, Sfan]. Felipe de Cueres,
S[an]. Felipe de Cuerez=San Felipe.
San Felipe de Jesus Guevavi=Guevavi.
San Felipe de Keres, San Felipe de Queres=San
Felipe.
Hae). Felipe Gracia Real del Terrenate=Terrenate.
elipo, San Felippe, San Fellipe=San Felipe.
San Fernando Villacata=San Fernando Vellicata.
San Filipé=San Felipe.
San Francisco=Caiman, Dolores, Nambe, San
Francisco de los Tejas (or Neches).
San Francisco de Borja de Tecoripa=Tecoripa.
San Francisco de los Nechas, San Francisco de los
Neches, San Francisco de los Techas=San Fran-
cisco de los Tejas (or Neches).
San Francisco de Nambe=Nambe.
San Francisco de Oraibe, San Francisco de Oraybe=
Oraibi.
San Francisco de Sandia—Sandia.
San Francisco Guazava=Guazavas.
San Francisco Javier=San Francisco Xavier de
Viggé Biaundo.
San Francisco Javier Arivechi=Arivechi
San Francisco Javier Cuchuta=Cuchuta.
San Francisco Javier de Guazava=Guazavas.
San Francisco Javier Reboyco=Robesco.
San Francisco Lajas= Lajas.
San Francisco Nambe=Nambe.
San Francisco Pajague=Pojoaque.
San Francisco Xavier, San Francisco Xavier de
Vigge=San Francisco Xavier de Viggé Biaundo.
S[an]. Francisco Xavier del Bac=San Xavier del
Bac.
San Francisquita=Echilat.
San Gabriel, San Gabriel del Yunque=Gabrielefio,
Yugeuingge.
S[an], Gaetan=Calabazas.
S. Angel=San Angelo.
San Geronimo de los Tahos, San Gerénimo de los
Taos, San Geronimo de Taos=Taos.
San Geronimo Huexotitlan=Huexotitlan.
San Geronymo=San Geronimo.
San Geronymo de los Thaos=Taos.
Sanghikans, Sangicans= Assumpink.
Sangiestas—Saugiesta.
S[an]. Gioachino=San Joaquin.
San Gregorio— Abo.
San Gregoris Jaumalturgo—Jaumalturgo.
Sangut—Saugus. E
Sanhicans, Sanhickans= Assumpink.
San Hieronimo, San Hieronimo de los Corazones=
Corazones.
S[an]. Hieronymo—Taos.
Sanhikani, Sanhikins—Assumpink.
S[an]. Iacobus de Oiadaibuisc— Ojiataibues.
Sanich—Sanetch.
San Ignacio. See S, Ignacio.
SANDEDOTAN—SANKS
1131
San Ignacio—San Ignacio de Kadakaman, Pa-
chawal, Tubac.
San Ignacio Cuquiarachi—Corodeguachi.
San Ignacio de Soniquipa, San Ignacio de Soniquipe=
Sinoquipe.
San Ignacio de Tesia—Tesia.
San Ignacio Guibori=Quiburi.
San Ignacio Onabas=Onavas.
San Ignacio Sinoquipe—Sinoquipe.
San Ignacio Torin=Torin.
San Il de Conso=San Ildefonso.
S[an]. Ildefonso Ostimuri=Ostimuri.
San Ildefonso Yecora= Yecora.
San Ildefonzo, San Ildephonso, San Ilefonso—San
Ildefonso.
San Imirio=—San Emidio.
S[an]. Iosepho— Patoqua.
Sa-nish’=Arikara.
San Isidoro= Pueblo de los Jumanos.
San Isidro— Wilakal.
Sanitika= Arapaho.
San Iuan Baptista=San Juan Bautista.
San Jacinto=Saboba.
alent Javier, S[an]. Javier Bac=San Xavier dei
ac.
San Javier de Batuco=—Batuco.
San Javier del Bac, S[an]. Javier del Bacel—San
Xavier del Bac.
San Javier de Viggé=San Francisco Xavier de
Viggé Biaundo.
San Jldefonso—San Ildefonso.
S[an]. Joaquin. SeeS. Joaquin.
San Joaquin de Basosuma= Basosuma.
San José=Ichenta, San José de los Nazones, Tu-
macacori.
San José Charay=Charac.
San José Chinapa=Chinapa.
San José Commondu=San José de Comondu.
S[an]. José de Joconostla=Joconostla.
San José de la Laguna= Laguna.
San José de Matape= Matape.
San José de Pimas=San José de los Pimas.
San José de Teopari de Ovas=Teopari.
S[an]. José de Tizonazo=Tizonazo.
San José de Tucson=Tucson.
S[an], Josef=Patoqua.
San Josef de La Laguna= Laguna.
S[an], Josefo= Patoqua.
Sfan] José Imuri=Imuris.
S[an] José Matape—Matape.
San Joseph de Commondu, San Joseph de Comondo=
San José de Comondu.
San Joseph de Jemez=Patoqua.
San Joseph de los Nazones=San José de los Na-
zones. ;
San Joseph de los Pimas=San José de los Pimas.
San. Joseph de Soyopa=Soyopa.
San José Teopari=Teopari.
S[an]. Jua, San Juan=San Juan de los Jemez.
San Juan Atotonileo= A totonilco.
San Juan Baptista—San Juan Bautista.
San Juan B[autista], Maguina—Maguina,
San Juan Capestrano=San Juan Capistrano.
San Juan Capistrano—Juanefios, Uturituc.
S[an]. Juan Capistrano de Ulurituc, San Juan Capis-
trans de Virtud=Uturitue.
S[an], Juan Corapa=Corapa.
S[an]Juan de Guachinela= Huachinera.
San Juan de los Caballeros, San Juan de los Cabel-
leros=San Juan.
San Juan del Rio—Toapara.
S{an]., Juan de Mata= Mata.
San Juaneros, San Juaners=San Juan.
San Juan Evangelista Tosonachic=Tosanachic.
S{an]. Juan Guachinera, San Juan Guachirita=Hua-
chinera.
S[an]. Juan Peyotan=Peyotan.
S[an], Juan Quiburi=Quiburi.
San Judas=San Simon y San Judas.
San Judas Tadeo= Tadeovaqui.
San Juris=San Imiri.
Sankaskitons=Sisseton.
Sankawee=Tsankawi.
Sankewi=Sauk.
Sankhicani= Mohawk, Assumpink.
Sankhicans, Sankhikans, Sankihani, Sankikani, San-
kikman=Assumpink.
Sanko—Comanche.
Sankonk=Sawcunk.
Sanks=Sauk.
FIS2 SAN LAIDA—SANTA
San Laida=Saucita.
San Lasaro=San Lazaro.
S[an], Limon Tucsani=Tucsani.
San Lodovic=Sevilleta.
San Lorenzo=Azqueltan, Picuris, San Lazaro.
San Lorenzo de la Santa Cruz=Santa Cruz.
San Lorenzo de los Pecuries= Picuris.
San Lorenzo del Real, S[an]. Lorenzo del Realito=
San Lorenzo.
San Lorenzo de Pecuries, San Lorenzo de Picuries=
Picuris.
San Lorenzo de Tezuqui—Tesuque.
San Lorenzo el Real Pueblo de Zumas=San Lo-
renzo.
San Lorenzo Guepaca, San Lorenzo Huepaca=Hue-
ac.
San Lorenzo Tezuqui=Tesuque.
San Louis de Bacapa=Bacapa.
San Louis Indians=Luisefo.
San Lrcas=Galisteo.
S[an]. Lucas de Galpa=Galpa.
S{an]. Ludlov de Bacapa=Bacapa.
Slanl Luis=San Luis de Apalache.
San Luis Bacadeguachi= Bacadeguachi.
S[an] Luis Bacapa=Bacapa,
San, Luis Bacuancos=Bacuancos.
San Luis Bacupa, San Luis Beltran de Bacapa, S[an].
Luis de Bacapa=Bacapa.
San-Luis de Seuilleta=Sevilleta.
San Luisenians, San Luisenos=Luisefio.
San Luis Gonzaga de Bacadeguatzi= Bacadeguachi.
S[an]. Luis Guebavi=Guevari.
San Luisienos=Luiseno.
S[an]. Luis Obispo Sevilleta=Seviletta.
S[an]. Luis Quitobac= Bacapa.
San Luis Rey=Luiseno.
San Luis town=San Luis de Apalache.
San Marcelo, San Marcelo del Sonoita, San Marcelo
del Xonuida, S[an], Marcelo Sonoydag=Sonoita.
San Marcial=Trenaquel.
San Marcos=Eljman.
San Marcos de Apalache=San Marcos.
S[an]. Mateo, San Mateo Cant, S[an]. Mateo Caut=
Cant.
San Mateo de Saguaripa, San Mateo Malzura=San
Mateo.
S[an]. Mateo Soroydad=Sonoita.
S[an]. Mathias de Tutomagoidag=Tutomogoidag.
Stent Mathias Tutum=Tutum.
San Miguel=Guevavi, Haatze, Mactati,San Miguel
de Linares, San Miguel Zuaque, Taos. See also
S. Miguel.
San Miguel de Cuellar=San Miguel de Linares.
San Miguel de Guevavi=Guevavi.
San Miguel de los Adeas=San Miguel de Linares.
San Miguel de Oposura=Oposura.
San Miguel de Sonoitac, San Miguel de Ssonoitag=
Sonoita.
San Miguel Oraybi=Oraibi.
San Miguel Taxique=Tajique.
San Miguel Ures=Ures.
S. Anna=Santa Ana.
Sannagers=Seneca,
Satona=Sangona.
Sanonawantowane=Cayuga.
San Pablo=Paako. See alsoS. Pablo.
San Pablo del Pescadero= Pescadero.
San Pablo de Tepehuanes=Tepehuanes.
San Pablo Tubutama=Tubutama,
S[an]. Pantaleon=Aribaiba.
San Pasqual=San Pascual.
San Pedro=Acoma, Paako. See also S. Pedro.
San Pedro Aconchi= Aconchi.
San Pedro and San Pablo=San Pedro y San
Pablo.
San Pedro del Cuchillo=Paako.
San Pedro de los Jamajabs=San Pedro.
San Pedro Martyr=San Pedro Martire.
San Pedro-Pablo=San Pedro y San Pablo.
San Pedro Tubutama=Tubutama.
San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuner=San Pedro y
San Pablo.
San-Petes=Sanpet.
San Phelipe, San Phelippe, San Philippi, San Phil-
lippe=San Felipe.
Sanpiche Utahs, San Pitch, San Pitches, Sanpits—
Sanpet.
ROSALIA DI MULEGE [B. A. B.
San Poels, San Poils=Sanpoil.
San Rafael—Guevavi.
San Rafael Indians=Jukiusme.
Sansares Dakotas=Sans Arcs.
San Sebastian Peregrino=San Sebastian.
S[an]. Serafin, S[an]. Serafin Actum, San Serafin de
Actum, S[an]. Serafino del Napcub=San Serafin.
San Sevastian=San Sebastian.
Sa shkia-a-rini= Miami.
S[an]. Simeon de Tucsani=Tucsani.
S) = Simon= Upasoitac.
S[an]. Simon Tucsani, S[an]. Simon Tuesani=Tuc-
sani.
San Simon y Judas de Vpasoitac=Upasoitac.
Sanspoéle, Sans Puelles=Sanpoil.
Santa. See also Sta.
Santa Ana=Alamillo, Galisteo, Punyistyi, San-
tan.
S[an]ta Ana Anamic=Anamic.
Santa Anna=Santa Ana.
Santa Barbara=Salinan Family.
Santa Barbara Indians=Chumashan Family.
Santa Catalina=Cuitciabaqui. See Sta, Catalina,
Santa Catalina Baimena=Baimena.
Santa Catalina Cayamoa—Camoa.
Santa Catalina de Baitrena=—Baimena.
Santa Catarina. See also Sta. Catarina,
Santa Cruz=Santa Cruz de Mayo, Terrenate. See
also Sta, Cruz,
Santa Cruz Bacum=Bacum.
Santa Cruz de Gaibanipitea—Gaibanipitea.
Santa Cruz de Galisteo—Galisteo.
Santa Cruz de Jaibanipitca de Pimas—Gaibani-
pitea.
Santa Cruz de la Canada=Santa Cruz.
Santa Cruz del Cuervo—Gaibanipitea.
Santa Cruz de Nanipacna= Nanipacna.
Santa Cruz de Nazas=Nazas.
Santa Cruz Islanders= Mishumash.
S[an]. Tadeo Batqui, San Tadeo Vaqui, S[an]. Thad-
adeus de Batki= Tadeovaqui.
Santa Dominga, Santa Domingo=—Santo Domingo.
Santa Eulalia—Santa Olalla.
Santa Gertrudes=Santa Gertrudis.
Santa Gertrudis. See Sta, Gertrudis,
Santainas=Santiam.
Santa Madaléna, S[anta]. Magdalena, Santa Mag-
dalena de Buquibava= Buquibava.
Santa Maita= Mata.
Santa Maria=Jesus Maria y José, Santa Maria
Magdalena. See also Sta, Maria,
Santa Maria Baceraca=Baserac.
Santa Maria Batuco—Batuco.
Santa Maria de Galisteo—Galisteo.
Santa Maria de Grado=Santa Cruz.
Santa Maria de Guadelupe=Nuestra Sefiora de
Guadalupe.
Santa Maria del Agua Caliente=Dueztumac.
Renta Maria de los Angeles=Santa Maria Magda-
ena,
Santa Maria de Ocotan=Ocotan.
S[anta] Maria de Secunca, Santa Maria de Suamca,
Santa Maria de Suanca=Suamea.
Santa Maria Guazamota=Guazamota.
phe et atin Magdalen=Buquibava.
Santa Maria Magdalena Soanca=Suamca.
Santa Maria Milpillas=Milpillas.
Santa Maria Mobas=Movas.
Santa Maria Nacameri= Nacameri.
Santa Maria Soamca, Santa Maria Soamnca, Santa
Maria Soanca=Suamca.
Santa Maria Vaseraca=Baserac.
Santana=Santa Ana.
Santanas=Shawnee.
Sant Antonio de Padua=Puaray.
Sant Antonio de Senecu=Senecu.
Santa Nympha=Santa Nynfa.
Santa Olaya=Santa Olalla.
Santa Rosa=Wewutnowhu. See also Sta, Rosa,
Santa Rosa Corodeguatzi=Corodeguachi.
Santa Rosa de Abiquiu= Abiquiu.
Santa Rosa de Coradeguatzi=Corodeguachi.
Santa Rosa de Hauicui=Hawikuh.
Santa Rosa de Santa Maria=Pachera.
Santa oe, de Moleje=Santa Rosalia Mulege.
Santa Rosalia de Onopa=Onopa.
Biante}. Rosalia di Mulege=Santa Rosalia Mu-
ege.
BULL. 50]
Santas—Santee.
Santa Teresa de Guazapares=Guazapares.
Santa Teresea=Tukutnut.
Santa Tulalia=Santa Eulalia.
Santa Ysabel=Santa Isabel.
Sant Buenaventura=Picuris.
Sant Chripstobal=San Cristobal.
Santeaux=Chippewa.
Santee of the East, Santee Sioux—Santee.
Santena, Santeurs=Chippewa.
Sant Francisco de los Espanoles, Sant Gabriel, Sant
Gabriele= Yugeuingge.
Santiago—Cocospera, Pecos, Ojiataibues.
Santiago Cocospera—Cocospera.
Santiago de Oiadaibuisc—Santiago.
Santiago Huires=Huite.
Santiago Optuabo=Optuabo.
Santiago Papasquiaro= Papasquiaro.
Santiago Teneraca=Teneraca.
Santiago Yepachic= Yepachic.
Santian=Santiam.
Santie, Santie bands, Santie Sioux=—Santee.
San Timétéo, San Timoteo=—Tolocabi.
Santisima Nombre de Maria=Jesus Maria y José.
Santisima Trinidad de la mesa del Tonati=Tonati.
Santisima Trinidad de Potam=Potam.
Santisima Trinidad Vicam=Bicam.
Santisima Virgen de los Dolores=Nuestra Sefiora
de los Dolores de los Aes.
Sant Joan=San Juan.
Sant Joan Baptista—San Juan Bautista.
Sant Joan Batista=San Juan.
Sant Marcos=San Marcos.
Santo=—Tontos.
Santo Demingo—Santo Domingo.
Santo Domingo=Quartelejo.
S[anto]. Domingo de Xacoma, S{anto]. Domingo de
Xacoms, S{anto], Domingo de Xacona=Jacona.
§. Antoine de Senecu=Senecu.
San Tomas de Abiquiu= Abiquiu.
§. Antonio—Bacuancos, San Antonio, Senecu.
§. Antonio de Senaca, S. Antonio de Sencen, S. An-
tonio de Seneci, S. Antonic de Senecu=Senecu.
§. Antonio Ilamatech=Ilamatech.
§. Antonio Oquitoa—Oquitoa.
Santo Rosario de Vinatacot= Vinatacot.
Santos Angeles—Guevavi.
Santos Reyes Cucurpe—Cucurpe.
Santo Tomas=Servas.
Santo Tomas de Abicui, Santo Tomas de Abiquiu=
Abiquiu,
Santo Tomas de Sereba, Santo Tomas de Servas=
Servas.
Sant8eronons—Seneca.
Sant Pedro y Sant Pablo=Sia.
Sant Phelipe, Sant Philepe=San Felipe.
ete ee eaneukd in.
ant Xpoval, Sant Xupal—San Cristobal.
Sant Yidefonso, Sant Ylefonso—San Ildefonso.
Sanu, =Sanukh.
San Xabier del Bac=San Xavier del Bac.
San alana Francisco Xavier de Viggé Bia-
undo.
San Xavier de Baca, S{an]. Xavier del Bac=San
Xavier del Bac.
S[an]. Xavier Jes Praiz, S[an]. Xavier des Prez=La
Prairie.
San Xavier de Naxera=San Francisco Javier de
Najera.
San Xavier de Viaundo, San Xavier de Vigge=San
Francisco Xavier de Viggé Biaundo.
San Xavier de Zac, S[an]. Xavier du Bac=San
Xavier del Bac.
San Ygnacio—San Ignacio.
San Yidefonso, San Yldefonzo=San Ildefonso.
San Ysedro, San Ysidro=Wilakal.
San Zavier de Bac=San Xavier del Bac.
Sanze-Ougrin=Santsukdhin.
S!aoda/n=Sumdum.
Sa’ok=Sooke.
Saone=—Sangona.
Saopi= Farmers’ Band.
Saouans—Shawnee.
Saoux= Dakota.
Saoynes=Saone.
Saoyns=Cheyenne,
Sa’pani=Atsina.
Sapa-Pesah=Sapeessa,
Sapa wicasga—Ute.
Sapenys=Saponi.
SANTAS—SATCAP
11338
Sapes= Esopus.
Sapetan, Sapetens=Nez Percés.
Sa-pi-li=Salpilel.
Sapiny=Saponi.
Sapokanikan—Sapohanikan.
Sapon=Saponi, Tisepan.
Sapona Indians, Saponees, Sapones, Saponeys, Sa-
pongs=Saponi.
| Saponickan=Sapohanikan.
Saponies, Saponys, Sapoones, Sapoonies=Saponi.
Sapotans= Nez Percés.
Sapototot=—Lopotatimni.
Sappokanican=Sapohanikan.
By ee Sapponce, Sapponees, Sapponeys, Sapponi,
apponie Town, Sappony, Saps=Saponi.
Sap-suckers= Minesetperi.
Saptans, Saptin—Nez Percés.
Sapwell—Sanpoil.
Saqai/dagi/lgana Inaga’-i—Sakaedigialas.
Saqgui’ gyit’inai’—Sagui-gitunai.
Sa’/qta=Sakta.
Saquaacha=K watami.
Saquan=Sequan.
Saquatucket=Satucket.
Saquechuma=Chakchiuma.
Saquenets—Saguenay.
Saques=Sauk.
Saquetuckett—Satucket.
Saquinam, Saquinan=Saginaw.
Saquis—Sauks.
Saq'té/nedi=Sakutenedi.
Saracatzi=Saracachi.
Sarai=Zuni.
Sarame= Xarame.
Sarani—Sichomovi.
Sardn=Zuii.
Saranay=Sarauahi.
Sarannah, Sarannas=Shavnee.
Saras=Cheraw.
Saraurahi=Sarauahi.
Saraus, Sarau town=Cheraw.
Saravay=Sarauabi.
Saraw Town, Saraws=Cheraw.
Saray=Zuni.
Sarcee, Sarcess, Sarcis, Sarcix—Sarsi.
Sarétika= Arapaho.
Sargenta rucas=Sargentaruka.
Sarie=Saric.
Sarikvihpak=Starik.
Sario, Sarique=Saric.
Sa-rite-ka-e, S4-ri-té-ka= Arapaho.
Sar-lis-lo=Spokan.
Sar-lit-hu=Kalispel.
Sa-ron-ra=Sawuara.
Sarpa-wee-cha-cha= Ute.
Sarra Blanco=Sierra Blanca.
Sarrauahi=Sarauahi.
Sarraws=Cheraw.
Sarrii—Saric.
Sarritehca= Arapaho.
Sarsares—Sans Arcs.
Sarséwi, Sarxi—Sarsi.
Sasa—Cheraw.
Sasaguel=Sasuagel.
Sas-chu-tqéne, Sas-chut-qgenne=Saschutkenne.
Sa-sis-e-tas—Cheyenne.
Sasitka=Siksika.
Sa-sits-go-lons-a=Tucson.
Saskatschawiner= Algonquian Family.
| Saskwihanang, Sasquahana, Sasquahannahs, Sasque-
hannocks, Sasquesahanocks, Sasquesahanoughs,
Sasquesahanougs, Sasquisahanoughes — Cones-
toga.
Sassasouacottons, Sassasouakouetons, Sassassaoua-
cottons= Nassauaketon.
Sassee, Sassis—Sarsi.
Sassory=Nasoni.
Sassquahana—Conestoga.
Sastaghretsy— Huron.
Saste, Sastean=Shastan Family.
Sastharhetsi— Huron.
Sasti=Shastan Family.
Sasuaguel—Sasuagel.
Sa/t=Snakes.
Satanas, Satans—Shawnee.
Satarees—Sugeree.
Satauket=—Setauket.
Satawomeck, Satawomek, Satawomekes= Potomac.
Satcap=Satsop.
1134
Satchap=Clatsop.
Satchap Indians=Satsop.
Sa-tchd-gottine=Satchotugottine.
Sa-tdoa=Sa.
Sat-e-loo’/-ne=Saschutkenne,
Satiroua=Saturiba. :
Satiyomes, Satiyvyomis=Wappo.
Satoriva—Saturiba.
Satos=Uzutiuhi.
Sa-to-tin=Tatlitkutchin.
Satouriona, Satourioua=—Saturiba.
Sa-towa=Sa.
Satrahe=Arikara.
Sat-sa-pish—Satsop.
Sa-tshi-o-tin’=Clatchotin.
Sat-sia-qua, Satsikaa—Siksika.
Satskomilh, Satsq—Satsk.
Sattiquo=Sitiku.
Satuket—Satucket.
Saturiora=Saturiba.
Sauaripa=Sahuaripa.
Sauckeys, Saucs=Sauk.
Saudia=Sandia.
Saufpak=Saopuk.
Saugehans=Souhegan.
Sau-ge-nong=Saginaw.
Saughpileel=Salpilel.
Saughtughtett=Satucket.
Saugies=Sauk.
Saugkonnet=Saconnet.
Saugust=Saugus.
S. Augustin, S. Augustinus=Oiaur.
Sau’hto=Comanche.
Saukatucket=Satucket.
Sau-kau-lutuck=Saukaulutuchs.
Saukee=Soquee.
Saukees, Saukeys=Sauk.
Saukhikins= Assumpink.
Saukies=Sauk.
Saukikani=Assumpink.
Sa-ukli=Sawokli.
Sauliers=Amahami.
Saulteaux, Saulteuse, Saulteux—Chippewa.
Sault Indians=Caughnawaga, Chippewa.
Sault Sainte Marie=Pawating.
Sauounons=Shawnee.
Sau/qtite=Sauktich.
Saura, Saura towns, Sauro—Cheraw
Saussetons=Sisseton.
Sautains—Santiam.
Sautatho=Sitolo.
Saut au Récollet—Sault au Recollet.
Sauteaux, Sauters, Sauteurs, Sauteus, Sauteux=
Chippewa.
Sauthouis= Uzutiuhi.
Saut Indians=Caughnawaga, Pawating.
Sautor, Sautous, Sautoux=Chippewa.
Sautuy =Comanche.
Sauvages de l’Isle=Kichesipirini.
Sauwanew, Sauwanous=Shawnee.
Sau-woo-ge-lo=Sawokli.
Sau-woog-e-loo-che=Sawokliudshi.
Sau-woo-ge-to=Sawokli.
Saux= Dakota.
Saux of the Wood=Seantee.
Sauxpa=Sissipahaw.
Sauyou=Skoiyase.
Savages of the Lake=Senijextee.
Savanahs, Savanaus, Savannahs=Shawnee.
Savannas=Maskegon, Shawnee, Yuchi,
Savannechers, Savannehers, Savanoes=Shawnee.
Savanois= Maskegon.
Savanore, Savanos=Shawnee.
Savansa=Quapaw.
Savanuca= Yuchi.
Savinards=Savinnars.
Savints=Shivwits.
Savonoski=Ikak.
Sa-vour-ras=Sawuara.
Savova, Savovoyam=Sabcba.
Sa-vow-ra=Sawuara.
Sawaams= Pokanoket.
Sa-wakh’-tu=Shawakhtau.
Sawakola=Sawokli.
Sawala=Shawala, Shawnee.
Sawana, Sawanee, Sa-wan-nd-kee’, Sdwano, Sa-wa-
no/-o-no, Sawanoos, Sawanos, Sawanu-haka, Sa-
wa-nu-ka, Sa-wan-wa-kee, Sawanwaki=Shawnee.
Sawara=Cheraw.
Sa-wa-rahs=Sawuara,
SATCHAP—SCENONDIDIES
[B. A. B.
Sawassaw tinney, Saw-cesaw-tinneh, Saw-cessaw-
dinnah= Etheneldeli.
Sawcung=Sawcunk.
Saw-eessaw-dinneh, Sawessaw tinney=Etheneldeli.
Saw-ge-nong=Saginaw.
Sawgus=Saugus,
Sawish=Samish.
Sawkattukett=—Satucket.
Sawkee=Sauk.
Sawketakix=Siksika.
Sawkeys, Sawkies, Sawkis=Sauk.
Sawkunck, Sawkung, Sawkunk=Sawcunk.
Saw-meena=Ntlakyapamuk, Siamannas.
Sawocotuck=Sokoki.
Sawonocas=Shawuee.
Sawons=Saone.
Saw-paw=Skinpah.
Sawra, Sawraw, Sawro—Cheraw.
Sawi-no-ki, Sawwanew, Sawwannoo, Sawwanoo=
Shawnee.
Sa xa/-idAga-i—Sahaidagai.
Saxapahaw=Sissipahaw.
Saxes=Sauk.
S4xlatks= Wasco.
Saxe-koe-koon=Siksika.
Sayaqua-kwa=Sia.
Sayaque—Tesuque.
$a/-yase=Skoiyase.
Saydankooskoi=Biorka.
Say degil=Una Vida.
Say-do-carah= Paviotso.
Sayenagi=Cheyenne.
Say-hah-ma-mish—Sahewamish.
Say-hay=Samamish.
Say-hay-ma-mish, Sayhaywamish=Sahewamish.
Sayi=Klamath.
Sayokenek=Sayokinck.
Say-ona=Sangona.
Sayonstla=Siuslaw.
Sayopina, Sayopines=Tiopines.
Sayousla, Sayouslaw=Siuslaw.
Sayraidneuskoi—Seredka.
Sayuskla, Sayustkla—Siuslaw.
Saywamines=Sawani.
Sa-zé-oo-ti-na—Sazeutina.
S’Balahco=Smulkamish.
Sba-lush=Swinomish.
. Bartolomé Comac=Comac.
. Bernabé Jongopavi=Shongopovi.
. Bernardino Gualpi=Walpi.
. Bernardo Aquimuri= Aquimuri.
. Bernardo de Aguatuvi= A watobi.
. Bonifacius=San Bonifacius.
. Borgia=San Francisco Borja.
S Buenaventura=Cochiti.
S. Buen. de Mossaquavi= Mishongnovi.
Scaacticook, Scaahkook, Scaakticook—Scaticook.
Scabby band=Oivimana.
Scachhook, Scachkoke, Scachkooks, Scachtacook,
Scachticooks, Scackhook, Scackkook=Scaticook.
Scad-dals=Scaddal.
Scad-jat—Skagit.
Scaghkooke, Scaghticoke, Scaghtikoke—Scaticook.
Sca-goines=—Shregegon.
Scagticokes=Scaticook.
Scahandowana= Wyoming.
Scahcooks=Scaticook.
Scahentoarrhonon= Wyoming.
Scahkooks, Scahook=Scaticook.
S. Cajetanus—Calabazas.
S’calam=Clallam,
Scanehaderadeyghroones, Scaniadaradighroonas,
Scanihaderadighroones= Nanticoke.
Scanonaentat, Scanonaerat, Scanonahenrat, Sca-
nouaenrat=Scanonaenrat.
Scarred-Arms=Cheyenne.
Scatacook, Scatakook=—Scaticook.
Scatchae, Scatchat=Skagit.
S. Catharina=Cuitciabaqui.
Scatoneck=Saconnet.
Scattacook, Scattakooks, Scautacook, Scauticook=
Seaticook.
Scauwaga=Skoiyase.
Scawendadeys=Oka.
Scawyase=Skoiyase.
S. Cayetano=1'umacacori.
S. Cayetano de Bac=San Xavier del Bac.
§. Cayetano Tumagacori, 8. Cayetano Tumapacori—
Tumacacori.
Scenondidies=Oka,
NANNNNNMN
BULL. 30]
Sceouex, Sceoux= Dakota.
Sceth-tesesay-tinneh = Etcheridiegottine.
Schaachkook, Schaacticook, Schaahkook, Schaa-
hook, Schaakook=Scaticook.
Schachaméki=Shamokin.
Schachamesink=Shackamaxon.
Schachhenamendi=Shamokin.
Sehachkook, Schachticook, Schackhokes, Schack-
hook, Schackooke, Schackwock, Schacook, Schact-
ecoke, Schacthook, Schacticoke, Schactikook,
Schaggkooke, Schaghkoos, Schaghtacooks,
Ena netcoke, Schagkook, Schagtihoke = Scat-
icook.
Schaha’/= Arapaho.
Schahamoki=Shamokin.
Schahanapan=Shannopin’s Town.
Scha,han,do,a,na, Schahandowa, Schahandowana=
Wyoming.
Schahi=Cree.
Schahkook, Schahook=Scaticook.
Schahswintowaher=Sisseton.
Schaitl=Shaa.
Schakkook, Schakook=Seraticook.
Schanadarighroenes, Schaniadaradighroonas, Scha,-
ni,ha,der,adygh,roon,ees= Nanticoke.
Schaouanos=Shawnee.
Scharoyos=Skoiyase.
Schathsooke, Schaticoke,
cogue=Scaticook,
Schaunactadas=Schenectady.
Schauwunks=Scaticook.
Schavanna, Schaveno, Schawanese,
Scha,wan,ooes=Shawnee.
Schawendadies=Oka.
Schawenoes, Schawenons, Schawnoah=Shawnee.
Schechschiquanuk=Sheshequin.
Schee-et-stash=Schuelstish.
Schenenk=Chenango.
Schengo-kedi=Shunkukedi.
Sche-perrh=Serper.
Sche-woh=Katimin.
Scheyenne, Schianese, Schiannesse, Schians=Chey-
enne.
Schiarame= Xarame.
Schilra=Schira.
S-chinkit=Tlingit.
Schinouks=Chinook.
Schipuwe=Chippewa.
Schischaldinskoje—Sisaguk.
Schissatuch=Seshart.
S-chitcha-chon=Sitka.
Schit-hu-a-ut, Schit-hu-a-ut-uh=Okinagan.
Schitka, Schitka-kon, Schitkhakhoan=Sitka.
S’chizui—Skitswish.
Schkagué=Skagway.
S’chkoé, S’chkoéishin=Siksika.
Schoaries=Schoharie.
Schoccories=Shakori.
Schohare, Schoherie, Schohery=Schoharie.
Schonbrun=Schoenbrunn.
Schotack, Schotax=Schodac.
Schouchouaps=Shuswap.
Schoyerre=Skoiyase.
Schre-gon=Shregegon.
S. Christoval=San Cristobal.
Schroo-yel-pi=Colville.
Schuary, Schuye=Schurye.
Schwarzfussige—Siksika.
Schwo-gel-pi, Schwoyelpi—Colville.
Schyarame= Xarame,
Sciaguan=Siaguan.
Scidi=Skidi.
Scietogas—Shahaptian.
Scieux= Dakota.
Scili=Skidi.
Sciller=Sillery.
Scinslaw=Siuslaw.
Scione Sioux—Saone.
Scioto=Sonnioto.
Sciou=Dakota.
Scious of the Prairies—Teton.
Scioux= Dakota.
Scioux de la chasse=Hictoba.
Scioux des Lacs= Menesouhatoba.
Scioux of the East=—Santee.
Scioux of the Prairies, Scioux of the West=Teton.
Scioux of the Woods=Santee.
Sciuslau=Siuslaw.
Scial-lum=Clallam.
Schaticook, Schauhte-
Schawanno,
SCEOUEX—SEDENTARY NADOUESSERONS
1135
§. Clara=Santa Clara.
Sclavthamuk= Lillooet.
Scocomish=Skokomish.
Scoffies= Nascapee.
Scohare, Scoharee, Scoharies=Schoharie.
Sconta=Skoton.
Scookuk=Chiukak. :
Scootle-mam-ish=Shotlemamish.
Scootuks=Passamaquoddy.
§. Cosmas, S. Cosme=San Cosme.
Scoton=Skoton. ;
Scotticook—Scaticook.
Scott’s Valley Indians, Scott Valley Indians=Iru-
waitsu.
Scouex= Dakota.
Scowyace=Skoiyase.
S. Crux=Santa Cruz de Mayo.
Scungsicks, Scunksik— Foxes.
Scutskon=Nahltushkan.
Scuzzy=Skuzis.
Sdewaetes=Huhliwahli.
SDiaz=Sandia.
S. Diego=—Gyusiwa, San Diego, Tesuque.
S. Diego del Rio=San Diego del Rio.
S Dies=Sandia.
8. Dionysio, 8. Dionysius=San Dionysio.
Sdo-hobe’, S’do-ho-bish=Snohomish.
Sdok’-al-bihw=Snoqualmu.
S. Domingo de Xacomo, 8. Domingo de Xacoms, §.
Domingo de Xacona—Jacona.
S. Doonysio=San Dionysio.
Sdo-qual-bush=Snoqualmu.
Seachkook=Scaticook.
Seaconet, Seaconnet=Saconnet.
Seacos=Shiegho.
Seacotauk/Secatoag.
Seadlermeoo=Sagdlirmiut.
Seahantowana= Wyoming.
Seaketaulke=Secatoag.
Seakonnet=Saconnet.
Seama=Tsiama.
Seanecas=Seneca.
Seapcat, Seapeats=Siapkat.
Seaquatalke, Seaquetalke—Setauket.
Searcie—Sarsi.
Se-a/-sa-pa=Sihasapa.
Seashelth=Seechelt.
Se-ash-ha-pa=Sihasapa.
Sea-side People= Mohegan.
Seatakot. Seatalcott, Seatalcutt, Seatalkot, Sea-
Talkott, Seataucok, Seatauk, Seatauke = Se-
tauket.
Seaticook—Scaticook.
Seatolcotts=Setauket.
Seaton Lake=Seton Lake.
Sea tribe= Winnebago.
Seattle=Suquamish.
Seauex, Seaux= Dakota.
Seawees—Sewee.
Sebaipuris=Sobaipuri.
Sebanoa=Sabino.
Sebassa=Sabassa.
Sebeno, Sebenoa=Sabino.
Seboiak=Sebaik.
Sebollita=Sevilleta.
Seboyeta=Cebolleta.
Se-ca-ca-co-nies, Secacaonies, Secakoonies=Secaca-
woni.
Sécanais—Sekani.
Se-¢ang-Gos=Brulé.
Secassaw—Seccasaw.
Secatague, Secataug, Secatogue, Secatoket, Seca-
tong=Secatoag.
Secawyace=Skoiyase.
Sechelts=Seechelt.
Se-cho-ma-we=Sichomovi.
Sechs Nationen=Iroquois.
Sechumevay, Se-chum’-e-way=Sichomoyi.
Seckoneses=Siconesses.
Secobeck=Secobec.
Secoffee=Nascapee.
Seconett, Seconnett—Saconnet.
Secota—Secotan.
Secoutagh—Secatoag.
Secumnes, Secumni=Sekumne.
Secunnie=Sekani. j
Sedankovskoe=Biorka.
Sedard, Sedaro—Sidaru.
Sedentary Nadouesserons=—Santee.
a
1136
Sedentary Village Indians=Pueblos.
Sedge=Sonoita.
Se-dj’in’-tin tene’/—Thechuntunne.
S. Eduard de Baipia, $. Eduardo, S. Eduardo Baipia,
S. Eduardo de Aribacpia, 8. Edward=Baipia.
Seé=Seh.
See-char-litch-ar=Secharlecha.
See-cho-mah-wee=Sichomovi.
Se-éel’ yianne=Seethltunne.
See-issaw-dinni= Etheneldeli.
Se-ek-pe—Sespe.
Seekta Loosa=Suktaloosa,
Seél=Shanel.
Seelawik Mutes=Selawigmiut.
See-mun-ah= Paraje.
See-oo-nay=Saone.
Seepans=Lipan.
See-pohs-ka-mi-mah-ka-kee,
kanumanke.
Seeseetoan, See-see-ton, Seeseetwaun, See-see-wan,
Seesetoan, See-se-ton=Sisseton.
Seetauke=Setauket.
Seethenskie—Sitka.
Seewas=—Sewee.
Seganiateratickrohne= Nanticoke.
Segantes—Siyante.
Segata-jenne—Chiricahua.
Seginsairn’s Village, Seginservin’s village, Seginsi-
win’s village=Seginsavin.
Segohquet—Segocket.
Segui=Tegui.
Seguna= Laguna.
Sehalatak—Clackama.
Se-héhwa-mish=Sahewamish.
Sehe-perrh=Serper.
Seheries=Skidi.
Sehtsa-ash=Seh.
Se-huapm-uh=Shuswap.
Sri/leqamuq=Stuichamukh.
Seinslaw Eneas=Siuslaw.
Seipa—Seyupa.
Sejen-né= Mescaleros.
Sekacawone, Sekacowones=Secacawoni.
Sekamne=Sekumne.
Sékanais, Sékanais toene, Sékan’-es—Sekani.
Sekioge=Sukiaug.
Sekomne=Sekumne.
Sekonett=Saconnet.
Sekoselar, Sekoselar Innuits=Sikosuilarmiut.
Seksekai=Siksika.
Sekume=Sekumne.
Sekunnet=Saconnet.
Sglakampom=Comanche.
Selawigamute, Selawig’mut, Selawik—Selawigmiut.
Seldom Lonesome= Miahwabhpitsiks.
Selenie= Pavlof.
Sr/Lia=Setlia.
Selish=Salishan Family.
Selloat-pallahs=Paloos.
Selugrue— Wea.
Semag=Sumass.
Semaccom=Samackman.
Sema/mila=Ntlakyapamuk, Siamannas.
Semanole—Seminole.
Semat=Kiowa Apache.
Srmerxa/u=Semehau.
Semia/mo=Semiahmoo.
Semillete=Sevilleta.
Seminolas, Seminoleans, Seminolie, Seminol-ulki, |
Semintiniak=Seminole.
Sem-mi-an-mas=Semiahmoo.
Sempiche Utahs=Sanpet.
Sempoils=Sanpoil.
Senaca=Senecu.
Senacaes, Senacars, Senacas=Seneca.
Senachas=Sukinatchi.
Senacu=Senecu.
Senahuow=Lenahuon.
Senakees=Seneca.
Senalton=Tsewenalding.
Senango=Shenango.
Senasca Blanca=Penasca Blanca.
Sencase=Secmoco.
See-poosh-ka=Sipush-
SEDENTARY VILLAGE INDIANS—SE-TCUQ’-TUN
Sencen=Senecu.
Sendia=Sandia.
Séne, Seneca—Senecu.
Seneca Abeal=Tehononsadegi.
Seneca Castle=Canadasaga.
Senecaes, Senecas=Seneca,
[B. A. B.
Senecas of Ohio, Senecas of Sandusky, Senecas of
Sandusky and Stony creek, Senecas of the Glaize=
Mingo.
Senecca—Seneca.
Seneci=Senecu.
Seneckes=Seneca.
Seneco=Senecu del Sur.
Senecques, Senegars, Senekaas, Senekaes, Senekas,
Senekées, Senekers, Senekes, Senekies, Senekoes=
Seneca.
Senekshaw=Chinokabi.
Se-nel’=Shanel.
Senequaes, Senequas, Seneques, Senequois—Seneca.
Sengekontakit—Sanchecantacket.
Senicaes=Seneca.
Seniczo=Sinicu.
S-nikers=Seneca.
Senis=Caddo.
Senixzo—Seneca.
Sennagars, Sennakas, Sennakers, Sennecas, Sennec-
ca, Senneches, Senneckes, Sennecks, Sennekaes,
Sennekas, Sennekaw, Sennekees, Sennekes, Sen-
nekies, Senneks, Sennekus, Sennequans, Senne-
quens, Senneques, Sennickes, Sennicks, Senontou-
ant=Seneca.
Senor San Francisco=San Francisco de los Tejas.
Senottoway—Seneca.
Senqtl=Senktl.
Senslaw, Senslaw Eneas=Siuslaw.
Sén-téel/-tiin=Sentethltun.
Séntlae—Sisintlae.
SenxL=Senktl.
Se-pa-uad, Se-paé-ue—Sepawi.
Se-peh=Seh.
Sepos, Sépous=Tunxis.
Sepponet=Sapponet.
Septem ciuitatum=Zuni.
Sept Isles=Seven Islands.
Sepunco=Secmoco.
Sepus= Esopus.
Se-qa/-ts’4 yinné=Sekhatsatunne.
Sequapmuq=Shuswap.
Sequatake, Sequatogue—Secatoag.
Se-qiic’-tiin yinné’/—Sekhushtuntunne,
Sequeen=Mattabesec.
Se-queh-cha=Kwatami.
Sequetauke—Secatoag.
Sequins= Mattabesec.
Sequotan=Secotan.
Seqvins= Mattabesec.
Sé-qwit yinné=Nahankhuotane.
Ser-a-goines, Ser-a-goins=Shregegon.
Serannas=Shawnee.
Seranos=Serranos.
Seraphim=San Serafin.
Seratees=Santee.
Seraticks, Seratics= Arapaho.
Seredkinskoje, Seredninskoe—Seredka,
Seretee=Santee.
Sereva=Servas.
Sermalton=Tsewenalding.
Serpent gens= Wesaenikashika.
Serpents=Shoshoni.
Serragoin=Shregegon.
Serranay=Sarauahi.
Serranos=Comeya.
Serrope=Sarrope.
Servushamnes=Serfvushamne.
Serwadling=Sarfalik.
Se-see-toans, Se-see-t’wawns=Sisseton.
Sesepaulaba, Sesepaulabe=Shipaulovi.
Sesetons=Sisseton.
Seshaht—Seshart.
Seshal=Seechelt.
Se-shiu-qua=Seshukwa.
Sesiton Sioux—Sisseton.
Sesquehanocks, Sesquihanowes—Conestoga.
Sessatone, Sessatons, Sesseton—Sisseton.
S. Estanislao Octam, S. Estanislao Ooltan—Ooltan.
S. Estevan de Acoma, S. Estevau de Acama=Acoma.
Sést’sethit—Sasthut.
Sestialik—Sheshalek.
Setaket=Setauket.
Seta koyniname=Walapai.
Setalcket Setauck, Setauk, Setawkett—Setauket.
Se-t’ca/-tin=Setthatun.
Se-tco’-mo-we=Sichomovi.
Se-tciin’ yinné/=Thechuntunne.
Se-teuq/-tin=Sechukhtun.
a
BULL. 30]
Se-tdoa=Se.
Seteomellos=Wappo.
SEtL= Lillooet.
Setokett—Setauket.
Se-to-qua—Setokwa.
Setorokamiut—Sidarumiut.
Setshomavé, Setshomové=Sichomovi.
Se’-tsii-rxe-a/-46= Setsurgheake.
Settacoo, Sette, Settico=Sitiku.
Setuket=—Setauket.
Setusura=Setasura.
Seu-a-rits=Seuvarits.
Seuh-no-keh'te, Seuh-now-ka-ta=Onondaga.
Seuilleta—Sevilleta.
Seven Castles= Seven Nations of Canada.
Seven Cities of Gold=Zuni.
Seven Fires=Seven Council Fires.
Seven Nations of Indians inhabiting Lower Canada,
Seven Nations of Lower Canada Indians, ‘‘Seven
Tribes” on the River St. Lawrence=Seven
Nations of Canada.
Severnik=Sarfalik.
Severnovskia, Severnovze, Severnovzer, Severnovzi=
Khwakhamaiu.
Seviches=Shivwits.
Sevillete, Sevilletta=Sevilleta.
Sevinta=Shiv wits.
Se/-wa-acl-tcei/-tin—Sewaathlichutun.
Se-wah=Katimin.
Sewan-akies= Metoac.
Sewanne=Shawnee.
Sewatpalla=Paloos,
Sewernowskije=Aglemiut.
Sewickly’s old T., Sewicklys Old Town=Sewickley.
Sewoe=Sewee.
Sewonkeeg=Siwanoy.
Sextapay=Salinan Family, Teshaya.
Seymos= Eskimo.
Seymour Creek= Chechilkok.
oe Siuktun.
Se-yu Pae-la, Se-yu-pa-lo—Seyupa.
Seywamines=Sawani.
Sezaro=Sidaru.
Sezaro Mutes=Sidarumiut.
Sfaganugamute=—Sfaganuk.
§. Felip, 8. Felipe, 8. Felipe de Cueres, 8. Felipe de
Cuerez—San Felipe.
S. Felipe Gracia Real de Terrenate=Terrenate.
S. Felipe Uparch=Uparch.
Sfoganugamiut—Sfaganuk.
S. Francais de Sales=Saint Francis.
. Francesco Borgia=San Francisco Borja.
. Francisco=San Francisco, San Francisco Ati
. Francisco Borja Maicoba= Maicoba.
. Francisco del Caiman=Caiman.
Francisco del Mezquital—Mezquital.
. Francisco Javier Batuco—Batuco.
. Francisco Ocotan=Ocotan.
. Francisco Xavier de Bac=San Xavier del Bac.
. Franciscus=San Francisco Ati.
. Fran. Javier Cuchuta=Cuchuta.
. Fran. Javier Reboico= Robesco.
Sfugunugumut— Sfaganuk.
Sg: adze’guatl la’nas—Sadjugahl-lanas,
8. Gaetan=Calabazas.
Sg aga’/ngsilai—Sagangusili.
Sg: a’nguai—Ninstints.
S. Gerénimo=San Geronimo.
S. Geronimo de los Thaos, S Gerénimo Thaos=Taos
S. Gioachino=San Joaquin.
8. +} seal de Abo S Gregoria, 8. Gregorio de Abo=
Sguahguaihtl—Kaquaith.
Shaachkook, Shaak-kooke=Scaticook.
Sha-ap- -tin=Nez Percés.
Shab-eh-nay—Shobonier.
Shabor, Shacco=Shakori.
Shachkook, Shachook=Scaticook.
Shacioes=Shakori.
Shackakonies=Shackaconia,
Shack-a-po=Kickapoo.
Shackaxons=Shackamaxon.
Shackhook=Scaticook.
Shackory=Shakori.
Shacktaus=Choctaw
Shacomico—Shecomeco.
Sha-de-ka-ron-ges—Seneca.
Sha-en=Cheyenne.
Shag-a-voke=Sagavok.
3456—Bull. 30, pt 2-07——72
SE-TDOA—SHASK’-HANOQ™
1137
Shagemamipong, Shag-a-waum-ik-ong=Shaugawau-
mikong.
Shagelook, Shageluk—Jugelnute.
Shagen=Cheyenne,
Shaglook—Jugelnute.
Shagwau Lennas=Sagua-lanas.
Shagwikitoné=—Sagui-gitunai.
Shahahanih=Shahanik,
Shahalahs=Shahala.
Shahamoki, Shahamokink=Shomokin.
Shahan= Dakota.
Shahana=Shahala.
Shahaptain— Nez Percés.
Shahaptan=Nez Percés, Salishan Family.
Shahaptanian, Shahaptemish, Shahapts=Nez
Percés,
Shah-ha-la=Shahala.
Shahlee=Ootlashoot.
Sha-ho—Cheyenne,
Shahomaking=Shamokin.
Shahray-tick-ah= Arapaho.
Shahshanih=Shahanik.
Shahsweentowahs=Sisseton.
Sha-hue=Ishauu.
Shah-woo-rum=Sawuara.
Sha-i-a-pi, Shai-é-la, Shai- én-a=Cheyenne.
Sha-i-ye=Cree.
Shaiyus=Skoiyase.
Shakahonea=Shackaconia.
Shakamaxon=Shackamaxon,
Shakan—Sukkwan,
Shak-a-pee’s band=Taoapa.
Shake-kah-quah= Kickapoo.
Shakhamexunk, Shakhamuxunck=Shackamaxon,
Shakies, Shakirs—Sauk.
Shaklolik=Shaktolik.
Shakopee=Taoapa.
Shakor= Shakori.
Shakpa, Shakpay=Taoapa.
Shaktakook=Scaticook,.
Shakto ligmut=Shaktoligmiut.
Shaktolit=Shaktolik.
Shakwan Haade=Sukkwan.
Sha-la-la=Shahala.
Shalalahs=Silela.
Shalees=Ootlashoot.
Shallalah=Silela.
Shallates=Shallattoo.
Shallees=Ootlashoot.
Shamaken=Shamokin.
Shamanese=Shawnee.
Shamochan, Shamoken, Shamoking=Shamokin.
Shamooinaugh= Nez Percés,
Shanaki=—Cherokee.
Shanana=Dakota.
Shanapins, Shanapin’s town, Shanappins T.=Shan-
nopin’s Town.
Shanawageras=Sonojowauga.
Shanaws=Shawnee.
Shanel-kaya=Shnalkeya.
Shaniadaradighroonas,
Nanticoke.
Shaningo=Shenango.
Shan-ke-t’wans, Shank’t’wannons, Shank-t’wans=
Yankton.
Shan-nack Shdnnakiak—Cherokee.
Shannapins=Shannopin’s Town.
Shannoahs=Shawnee.
Shannok= Micmac.
porary ger Canandaigua.
Shannopen Shannopin’s Town.
Shanoas=Shawnee.
Shanopens, Shanopins, Shanoppin,
town=Shannopin's Town.
Shanung= Micmac.
Shanwans=Shawnee.
Shanwappoms, Shanwappones= Yakima.
Shan-wap-pums=Shanwappom.,
Shaomet=Shawomet.
Shaonois, Shaononons=Shawnee.
Shapalawee, Sha-pan-la-vi, Shapanlobi=Shipaulovi.
Shapash é/ni=Shapashkeni.
Sha- se he -wee=Shipaulovi.
Sharas=Cheyenne.
Sharetikeh= Arapaho.
Shar’-ha=Cheyenne.
Sharp eyed Indians=Kutchin.
Sharshas=Cheyenne.
Shashones=Shoshoni.
Shask’-hanoqg*t=Soshka.
Shanihadaradighroones=
Shanoppin’s
1138
Shasta, Shasta-Achomawi=Shastan Family.
Shasta Costa=Chastacosta.
Shasta Skoton=Chasta-Skoton.
Shasté=—Shahaptian Family.
Shasteecas=Shasta.
Shasti, Shasties=Shahaptian Family.
Shas-ti-ka, Shasty=Shastan Family.
Sha/t=Snakes.
Sha taha=Sha.
Shatasla—Shahaptian Family.
Shatchet=Skagit.
Shatekaro"hyes=Totiakton.
Shateras=Tutelo.
Shatetucket=Showtucket,
Shati=K oasati.
Shatuckett, Shatuskett=Showtucket.
Shauanos=Shawnee.
Sha-u-ee=Shawi.
Shaug-ah - waum -ik-ong, Shaugha-waum-ik-ong=
Shaugawaumikong.
Shaumeer=Saumingmiut.
Shaumoking=Shamokin.
Shaunas, Shauwaunoes, Shavanos=Shawnee.
Shaved heads= Pawnee.
Shaw=Shawnee.
Shaw-a-gan=Sukkwan.
Shawahahs=Shawnee.
Shawamegin=Shaugawaumikong.
Shawamet=Shawomet.
Shawan=Chowanoc.
Shawana=Shawnee.
Shawana Cabbins=Shawnee Cabins.
Shawanahs, Shawanapi—Shawnee.
Shawanapon, Shawanasson=Shannopin’s Town.
Shawanaws, Shawane=Shawnee.
Shawane Cabbins=Shawnee Cabins.
Shawanees—Shawnee.
Shawanee town=Shawneetown.
Shawaneise, Shawanese, Shawanesse, Shawaneu=
Shawnee.
Shawangung=Shawangunk.
Shawanies, Shawanna, Shawannohs—Shawnee.
Shawannoppan=Shannopin’s Town.
Shawannos=Shawnee.
Shawanoe Cabbins=Shawnee Cabilis.
Shawaneese, Shawanoes, Shawanese, Shawanoh,
Shawanois, Shawanons, Shawano’s, Shawanose,
Shawanous, Shawanowi, Shawans=Shawnee.
Shawash=Achomawi.
Shawatharott=Beothukan Family.
Shaways=Cheyenne.
Shawdtharut=Beothukan Family.
Shawendadies=Tionontati.
Shawenoes=Shawnee.
Shaweygria—Hathawekela.
Shaw-ha-ap-ten, Shaw-Haptens= Nez Percés.
Shawhays=Cheyenne.
Sha-wi-ti=Showwiti.
Shawmokin=Shamokin.
Shawneese, Shawnese, Shawnesse, Shawneys, Shaw-
no, Shawnoah=Shawnee.
Shawnoah Basse Ville=Lowertown.
Shawnoes=Shawnee.
Shawnuk= Micmac.
Shawomut=Shawomet.
Shawonese=Shawnee.
Shawonese Cabbins=Shawnee Cabins.
Shawoniki, Shawonoes, Shaw-un-oag=Shawnee.
Shayage—Cherokee.
Shayén, Shayenna—Cheyenne.
Shaytee’s village—Grand Bois.
Sh-chee-tsoo-ee=Skitswish.
Sheaquaga=—Catherine’s Town.
Sheastuckle, Sheastukle—Siuslaw.
Sheavwits=—Shivwits.
She-bal-ne Pomas=Keliopoma.
She-banlavi=Shipaulovi.
She-ba-retches=Seuvarits.
Shebaula-vi=Shipaulovi.
Sheberetches, She-be-riches, She-be-Ucher—Seuva-
rits.
She-bo-pav-wee=Shipaulovi.
Shechart=Seshart.
Shecomeka=Shecomeco.
She-dar-haitch= Asidahech.
Shee-ah-whib-bahk, Shee-ah-whib-bak, Shee-e-huib-
bac, Shee-eh-whib-bak=Isleta,
Shee-p’ah-poon=Shipapulima,
Sheep-Eaters=Tukuarika,
SHASTA—SHI’-OUI
[B. A. E.
Sheep Indians=Abbatotine.
Sheepon-arleeve, Sheepowarleeve=Shipaulovi.
Sheep People=A bbatotine.
Sheepscot, Sheepscuts= Wewenoc.
Sheeshaldenskoi=Sisaguk.
Shegwuu=Katimin,
She-kom=Shigom.
Shekomeko=Shecomeco.
Shell earring band=Inyanhaoin.
She-mo-pa-ve=Shongopovi.
Shenango=Logstown.
Shenawaga= Kashong.
Shenengo=Chenango.
Shemnogiees, Shennoskuankin=Shennosquan-
cin, -
Shé-noma= Hopi.
Sheooke=Suk,
Sheoquaga=Catherine’s Town.
Shepalavé, Shepalawa, She-pa-la-wee, She-pau’-la-ve,
Shepauliva=Shipaulovi.
Shepawees, Shepewas=Chippewa.
Shepeweyan=Chipewyan.
Shepolavi, She-powl-a-we=Shipaulovi.
Shepuway=Chippewa.
Sherwits=Shivwits.
Sheschequon=Sheshequin.
She-sha-aht=Seshart.
Sheshalegamute=Sheshalek.
Sheshatapoosh, Sheshatapooshshoish,
poosh= Montagnais.
Sheshebug=Sheshebe.
She-she-gwah, She-she-gwun=Kenabig.
She-shell=Seechelt.
Sheshoalik, She-shore-lik—Sheshalek.
Shetimasha=Chitimacha.
Shetnak=Chitnak.
Shevenagamute=Shevenak.
Shewamett=—Shawomet.
Shewena=Zuii.
Shewhap, Shewhapmuch, Shewhapmuh, Shewhap-
mukh, She-whaps=Shuswap.
She-wo-na= Zuni.
She’yen, Sheyennes=Cheyenne.
Sh-ha-ha-nih, Shhahanik=Shahanik.
Shian, Shia’navo, Shiannes=Cheyenne.
Shi-ap/-a-gi=Santa Clara.
Shiarish—Cheyenne.
Shidska=Soshka.
Shiastuckle=Siuslaw.
Shi-bal’-ni Po/-mo=Keliopoma,
Shibalta=Nestucca.
Shich-e-quet-to-ny=Tachikhwutme,
Shi-choam-a-vi=Sichomovi.
Shicomiko=—Shecomeco.
Shi-da’-hetsh= Asidahech.
Shi-e-4-la=Cree.
Shie’da, Shienne=Cheyenne.
S. Hieronymo=Taos.
Shiewhibak=Isleta.
Shi-e’-ya=Cree.
Shigapo= Kickapoo.
Shiini=Lipan.
Shikapu= Kickapoo.
Shikene=Stikine.
Shikyaltini= A voyelles.
Shil-an-ottine=Thilanottine.
Shillicoffy=Chillicothe.
Shi-ma-co-vi=Shongopovi.
Shimiahmoo=Semiahmoo.
Shimmuo=Shimmoah.
Shimopavi, Shimopova=Shongopovi.
Shimshyans=Tsimshian.
Shinacock, Shinecock=Shinnecock,
Shineshean=Tsimshian.
Shineyagamute=Shiniak.
Shingis’s Old Town=Saweunk.
Shinglemasy= Meshingomesia.
Shingoes—Shenango.
Shiniagmiut=Shiniak.
Shinicoks, Shinicooks=Shinnecock.
Shinikes—Seneca.
Shinikooks=Shinnecock.
Shiningrua=Shinagrua.
Shinnacock=Shinnecock.
Shin-nu-mos= Hopi.
Shinome= Hopi.
Shinuk-kaha=Schekaha,
Shinyagamiut—Shiniak,
Shi/-oui=Zuii,
Sheshat-
.
.
;
7
E
|
q
a ee
oe” UF a
BULL. 30]
Shi/-pap, Shi-Pap-u, Shi-pa-puyna=Shipapulima.
Shi-pau-a-luv-i, Shi-pau-i-luv-i, Shi-pau’-la-vi, Shi-
pav-i-luv-i=Shipaulovi.
Shipi= Kuta.
Shipop=Shipapulima.
Shi-powl-ovi=Shipauloyi.
Ship-tet-sa=Shiptetza.
Shira-hdno=Schira.
Shishaldin, Shishaldinskoe=Sisaguk. ;
Shishiniwotsitan, Shishino’wits-Itaniuw’, Shi/shino-
wutz-hita’neo=Comanche.
Shish-i-nu’-wut-tsit/-a-ni-o=— Kiowa.
Shiship=Sheshebe.
Shis-Indy= Apache.
Shis-tah-cos-tahs, Shis-tah-koas-tah, Shis-ta-koos-tee,
Shis-ta-ku-sta=Chastacosta.
Shitaikt—Snakes.
Shitaimuvi=Shitaimu.
Shitnak=Chitnak.
Shi-ua-na, Shiuano, Shi-uo-na=Zufi.
Shiu-t’ainin=Shiu.
Shiuwimi-hano=Shuwimi.
Shiveytown=Sisseton.
Shi-vo-la=Zufhi.
Shiwahpi=Siwapi.
Shi-wa-na=Zuni.
Shiwanish=Nez Percés.
Shiwi=Zuii.
Shiwian=Aridian, Zuni.
Shiwina, Shi-wi-na-kwin, Shiwinas=Zuii.
Shi-win-é-wa, Shi-win-na=Sichomovi.
Shi-wo-Kiug-mut=Eiwhuelit.
Shiwona=Zuni.
Shiykaltini=Tamoucougoula..
Shix river=K watami.
Shi-ya ‘Shiyans—Cheyenne.
Shkagway=Skagway.
Shkwim, Shkwin=Sequim.
Shlakatats=K likitat.
Shituja—Lituya.
Shnégitsuish=Snakes.
Shoalwater Bay Indians=Atsmitl.
Shoccories=Shakori.
Shockays, Shockeys=Sauk.
Shocktaus=Choctaw.
Shodakhai pomo, Sho-do Kai Po/-mo=Shodakhai
Pomo.
Shoe Indians=Amahami.
Shoemeck=Talaniyi.
Shoenbrun=Schcenbrunn.
Shoenidies=Oka.
Shogleys, Shogteys=Sawokli.
Shokpay, Shokpaydan, Shokpedan=Taoapa.
Shokumimleppe=Shokumimlepi.
S'Homahmish=Shomamish.
Shomhomokin, Shomoken, Shomokin,
Shamokin.
Shomonpavi, Shomoparvee=Shongopovi.
Shomo Takali=Chomontokali.
Shonack= Micmac.
Shoneanawetowah=Cayuga.
Shongalth Lennas=Stustas.
Shongapave’, Shong’-a-pa-vi, Shongoba-vi, Shongo-
pavi=Shongopovi.
Shonk-chun’-ga-da=Shungikikarachada.
Shononowendos=Cayuga.
Shoo-schawp, Shooshaps, Shooswabs=Shuswap.
Shootamool=Shutamul.
Shooter=Khemnichan.
Shooters in the Pines=Wazikute.
Shootk=Shuuk.
Shoouk=Suk.
Shoo-wha’-pa-mooh=Shuswap.
Shopumish= Nez Percés.
Shoquamish=Snoquamish.
Shorbanaxon=Shackamaxon.
Short hair=Peshla.
Short hair band=Peshlaptechela.
Sho-sho-co, Sho-sho-coes, Shoshokoes=Shoshoko.
Shoshon, Sho-sho-nay, Sho-sho-ne, Shoshonee=Sho-
shoni.
Shé-sho-nee=Snakes.
Shos-shone, Shossoonies, Shothones=Shoshoni.
§’ho-ti-non-na-wa" to/-na—Cayuga.
$’Hotlmahmish, S'hotlmamish=Shotlemamish.
Shou a gan=Sukkwan.
Shoudamunk=Nascapee.
Shoudamtnk= Montagnais,
Shougheys=Sauk,
Shomoko=
SH1/-PAP—SIBOLA ’
1139
Shoushwaps, Shouwapemoh, Shouwapemot—Shu-
swap.
Shouwendadies=Oka.
Shovenagamute—Shevenak.
Show-a-gan=Sukwan.
Showamet=Shawomet.
Showammers=Shawnee.
Showangunck=Showangunk.
Showanhoes, Showannees, Showannoes,
oes=Shawnee.
Sho’wati=Showwiti.
Showatuks= Wunnashowatuckoog.
Showays=Cheyenne.
Sho/witi=Showwiti.
Show-mowth-pa=Shongopovi.
Showomut=Shawomet.
Showonese, Showonoes=Shawnee.
Shquwi=Shruhwi.
Shrotsona=Shrutsuna.
Shua-vit=Suangua.
Shubenakadie, Shubenecadie=Shubenacadie.
Shu-chum-a-vay=Sichomovi.
Shuckers=Shoshoko. =
Shuckospoja—Sukaispoka.
Shu-cu=Shuku.
Shuekospaga—Sukaispoka.
Shu Finne=Shufina.
Shuhiayia’gish=Shuyakeksh.
Shu-hii-ma=Sowiinwa.
Shuitackle=Sintaktl.
Shuitna—Chuitna.
Shuk-hu-nat-chu=Sukinatchi.
Shukku=Shuku.
Shumeia= Yukian Family.
Shumi= Hopi.
Shu-mo-pa-vay=Shongopovi.
Shumuit= Ashismuit.
Shi-miith-pa, Shi-mith-pai-o-wa,
Shung-o-pah-wee, Shung-o-pa-we,
Shung-op-ovi=Shongopovi.
Shunkasapa=Ohanhanska.
Shunk’-a-yu-tésh-ni=Skungkayuteshni.
Shiisshun-wichd4sha=Shoshoni.
Shu-par-la-vay, Shupaulavi,
lewy=Shipaulovi.
Shu-qtu’-ta-qlit’/=Shukhtutaklit.
Shuren=Churan.
Shurts-tun-na=Shrutsuna.
Shu-sho-no-vi=Sichomovi.
Shushwaps=Kitunahan Family, Salishan Family,
Shuswap.
Shushwapumsh, Shuswap-much=Shuswap.
Shutson, Shitsun’, Shutzuna=Shrutsuna.
Shiawhami=Shuwimi.
Shuyaké’kish, Shuyake’kshni, Shuyaké’kshni mak-
laks, Shuyake’-ksi, Shuyéakéks=Shuyakeksh.
Shuyelpees, Shuyelphi, Shuyelpi=Colville.
Shtiyikeks—Shuyakeksh.
Shwanoes=Shawnee.
Shw-aw-mish=Squamish.
Shwoi-el-pi—Colville,
Shwufum=Kenek.
Shyatogoes=Shahaptian.
Shyennes=Cheyenne.
Shye-ui-beg=Isleta.
Shyicks—Shyik.
Shyoutémacha=Chitimacha.
Shy-to-gas=Shahaptian Family.
Shyu-amo=Shuwimi.
Siaban=Siaguan.
8. Iacobus de Oiadaibuisc=Ojiataibues
Siaexer= Haeser.
Siaguane=Siaguan.
Siahs=Saia.
Si/-a-ko=Shiegho.
Siamoeon=Shamokin.
Sianabone, Si/-a-na-vo=Cheyenne
Sianekees=Seneca.
Sians=Saia.
Siapanes=Lipan.
Siatlqeéla’agq—Siatlhelaak.
Siaws=Saia.
Siay=Sia.
Siaywas=Liaywas.
Siba-igewi—Sebaik.
Sibapa=Kitkatla.
Sibapot=Toybipet.
Sibillela, Sibilleta—Sevilleta,
Sibola, Sibolla=Zuni.
Showan-
Shung-a-pa-vi,
Shungopawee,
Shupowla, Shupow-
1140
Sibolletta=Cebolleta.
Si-cabé=Siksika.
Sicacas=Chickasaw.
Sicacha=Chicaca, Chickasaw.
Sicachia=Chickasaw.
Sicanees= Etagottine.
Sicangu=K heyatawichasha.
Sicangu=Brulé.
Sicangu-Kutawica’sa— Kutawichasha.
Sicannees=Sazeutina.
Sicanni, Sicanny=Sekani.
Sicaock, Sicaogg=—Sukiaug.
Si/catl—Seechelt.
Si-ca-tugs—Secatoag.
Sicaugu=Brulé.
Sicaunies=Sekani.
Si-¢a-wi-pi=Tinazipeshicha.
Siccane, Siccanie, Siccannie, Siccony=Sekani.
Sichangus, Si-chan-koo—Brulé.
Si-choan-avi, Sichomivi, Si-chum/’-a-vi, Sichumnavi,
Sichumniva, Sichumovi=Sichomovi.
Si’ciatl=Seechelt.
Sickameen, Sick-a-mun=Siccameen.
Sickanie, Sickannie=Sekani.
Sickenames= Pequot.
Sicketauyhacky, Sicketawach, Sicketawagh, Sicke-
teuwhacky=Secatoag.
Sickmunari=Sichomovi.
Sick-naa-hulty=Siknahadi.
Sickoneysincks, Siconescinque=Siconesses.
Siconi=Sekani.
Siconysy=Siconesses.
Sicopan=Secotan.
Sicosuilarmiut=Sikosuilarmiut.
Sicouex= Dakota.
Sicumnes=Sekumne.
Sicxacames=Sijame.
Sidanak, Sidankin=Biorka.
Sidaru, Sida/runmiun=Sidarumiut.
Sid-is-kine—Tzetseskadn.
Sidocaw=Paviotso.
§i/-e= Klamath.
S. Iean=San Juan.
Sienaguilla, Sienega—Cienega.
Sieouex= Dakota.
Sierra— Caruana.
Sierra Blanca Apaches, Sierra Blancas, Sierra Blanco
peanne; Sierras blancas=White Mountain Apa-
che.
Sié/tcEm=Siechem.
Siete Arroyos=Tenabo.
Siete Cibdades=Zuni.
Siete Principes Ati=Ati.
Sieux= Dakota.
. Ignacio=San Ignacio.
. Ignacio Bacanora=Bacanora.
. Ignacio del Zape=Zape.
. Ignacio de Tubac=Tubac.
Ignacio Guaynamota—Guaynamota.
. Ignacio Mochopa= Mochopa.
. Ignacio Opotu=Oputo.
. Ignacio Sinoquipe=Sinoquipe.
. Ignacio Subaque=Suaqul.
. Ignazio di Kadakaaman=San Ignacio de Kada-
kaman.
Siguipam=Siupam.
Siguniktawak—Sigunikt.
Si-ha-sa-pa=Siksika.
Siha-sapa-qtca, Sihasapa-rca—Sihasapakhcha.
Si-he’-bi=Suhub.
Si-him-e-na=Siamannas.
Si/-hii win-wi=Sihu.
Sikacha=Chickasaw.
Si-kah-ta-ya, Sikahtayo=Sikyataiyo.
Si-ka’k-i=Sikyatki.
S!ikanaxsa/ni=Kake.
Sikani, Sikanie, Sikanni, Sikannie=Sekani.
Sik/-a-pu= Kickapoo.
Sikatsipomaks=Sikutsipumaiks.
Sikcitano=Siksika.
Si-ke-na=Maricopa, Papago, Pima.
Sikennies=Sekani.
Siketeuhacky—Secatoag.
Siknaq’a’dé, S!iknaxa/di=Siknahadi.
Sikne=Seneca.
Sikohitsim=—Sikokitsimiks.
Sikonesses=Siconesses.
Sikosuilaq=Sikosuilak.
Sikoua= Pecos.
NANNNNNNNNN
SIBOLLETTA—SINKAYUS
[B. A.B.
Siksekai=Siksika.
Sik/ses-téne’=K watami.
Siksi¢ela=Shikshichela.
Siksi¢ena—Shikshichena.
Siksikai=Siksika.
Siksinokaiiks—Siksinokaks.
Sikskékuanak=Siksika.
Sikuyé= Pecos.
Sikyataiyo winwi,
taiyo.
Si-kya/-tci, Sikyatci winwa=Sikyachi.
Silawi/nmiun=Selawigmiut.
S. Ildefonse, 8. Ildefonsia, S. Ildefonso=San Ilde-
fonso.
8. Ildefonso Ostimuri=Ostimuri.
Silem=Sillery.
Silka=Coyoteros.
Silla, Sille=Sia.
Sillerie=Sillery.
Silos= Pueblo de los Silos.
Silpaleeis=Salpilel.
Sil/-qke-me’-tce-ta/-tin=Silkhkemechetatun.
Siltaden=Tsiltaden.
Simamish=Samamish.
Simano’lalgi, Simano’la‘li=Seminole.
Simas= Pima.
Simbalakees=Tamuleko.
Sim-e-lo-le=Seminole.
Sim-e-no-le-tal-lau-haf-see=Talahassee.
Simenolies=Seminole.
Simiahmoo, Simiamo=Semiahmoo.
Similikameen=Similkameen.
Similoculgee, Siminoles=Seminole.
Simmagons=Seneca.
Simojueves=Chemehuevi.
Simomo=Simaomo.
Simonde, Simonolays,
nole.
Simpsian, Simseans—Tsimshian.
Sim-i-no-li=Seminole.
Simupapa=Sibubapa.
Sinacks=Seneca.
Sinacsops=Smackshop.
Sinacsta=Sinaesta.
Sinagars—Seneca.
Sinagnia=Imagnee.
Sinagoux=Sinago.
Sinahamish, Sinahomas, Sin-a-ho-mish, Sinahoumez=
Snohomish.
Sinakaidusish=Sinkiuse.
Sinakees, Sinakers=Seneca.
Sinako=Sinago.
Sinaloa=Cahita.
Sina-luta-oin=Shinalutaoin.
Sinamiut=Sinimiut.
Sinapans=Lipan.
Sinapoil, Sinapoiluch=Sanpoil.
Sinarmete=Sinar.
Sinaru=Sinimiut.
Si/-na-rxit-li/-tin=Sinarghutlitun.
Sinatcheggs—Senijextee.
Si/ndat!ais=Sindatahls.
Sindiyui=Kongtalyui.
Sindjalé—Sindzhale.
Sinecas, Sineckes=Seneca.
Sinecu=Senecu del Sur.
Sin-ee-guo-men-ah=Spokan.
Sinekas, Sinekees, Sinekes, Sinekies, Sineks, Sine-
ques=Seneca.
Sineramish=Snohomish.
Singick=Sinuk.
Singos=Sinago.
Sing-sings=Sintsink.
Sin-ha-ma-mish=Spokan.
Sinhioto=Sonnioto.
Sin-hu, Sinhumanish=Spokan.
Sinica, Sinicaes, Sinicker—Seneca
Sinici—Senecu del Sur.
Sinikers=Seneca.
Sinimijut=Sinimiut.
Siniogamut=Sinuk.
Sinipouals=Sanpoil.
Siniques=Seneca.
Sinis=Zuii.
Si ni’-té-li= Nestucca, Tillamook
Si ni’-té-li yinné=Alsea.
Sin’/-ja-ye-ga= Wasabe.
Sinkayus=Sinkiuse.
Si-kya’-tai-yo wan-wi=Sikya-
Simonolays-Crécks=Semi-
Se
a ee
BULL. 30]
Sinkoman=Spokan.
Sinksink=Sintsink.
Sinkuaili=Okinagan.
Sinkumana=Spokan.
Sinnacock=Shinnecock.
Sinnagers, Sinnakees, Sinnakers, Sinnakes=Seneca.
Sinnamish—Snohomish.
Sinnaques, Sinnecas, Sinneche, Sinneck, Sinneckes,
Sinneco, Sinnecus, Sinnedowane, Sinnek, Sinne-
kaes, Sinnekas, Sinnekees, Sinnekens=Seneca.
Sinneken’s Castle=Oneida fvil.).
Sinnekes, Sinnekies, Sinnekis, Sinnekus, Sinnequaas,
Sinnequas, Sinnequens, Sinneques, Sinnequois,
Sinnicars, Sinnicas, Sinnichees, Sinnickes, Sin-
nickins, Sinnicks, Sinnicus, Sinnikaes,Sinnikes, Sin-
niques, Sinnodowannes, Sinnodwannes, Sinnokes,
Sinnondewannes=Seneca.
Sinnyu=Sinyu.
Sinodouwas, Sinodowannes=Seneca.
Sinojos=Sinago.
Sinondowans=Seneca.
Sinoyeca= Loreto.
Sinpaivelish, Sinpauélish, Sin-poh-ell-ech-ach, Sin-
poil, Sin-poil-er-hu, Sin-poil-schne=Sanpoil.
S’inpikti/m= Npiktim.
Sinselan, Sinselano, Sinselau, Sinselaw=Siuslaw.
Sinsincks, Sinsinegs, Sin-Sing=Sintsink.
Sinsitwans=Sisseton.
Sin-slih-hoo-ish=Sinslikhooish.
Sin-spee-lish= Nespelim.
Sinta’kL=Sintaktl.
Sin-te’-lida wi-ca-sa=Shoshoni.
Sin-too-too, Sintou-tou-oulish=Sintootoolish.
Sinjsax¢ée— Tsishusindtsakdhe,
Sintsinck= Manhasset.
Sintsings=Sintsink.
Sinuitskistux—Senijextee.
Sin-who-yelp-pe-took=Colville.
Sinyaupichkara—San Dieguito.
Sioane=Saone.
Sidki, Si-o’-ki-bi, Si-o’-me=Zufi.
Sionassi—Sconassi.
Sione=Saone.
Sionimone=Sichomovi.
Sionne=Saone.
Siooz, Sios= Dakota.
8. Iosepho= Patoqua.
Siou= Dakota.
Siouan=Siouan Family.
Siou Mendeouacanton=Mdewakanton.
Siounes, Siouones=Saone.
Siouse= Dakota.
Sioushwaps=Shuswap.
Siouslaws=Siuslaw.
Sioust= Dakota.
Sioux=Dakota, Siouan Family, Tiou.
Sioux de |’Est—Santee.
Sioux des prairies=Teton.
Siouxes= Dakota.
Sioux Mindawarcarton=Mdewakanton.
Sioux nomades, Sioux occidentaux=T'eton.
Sioux of the Broad Leaf=Wahpekute.
Sioux of the Leaf=Wahpeton.
Sioux of the Meadows, Sioux of the Plain=
Sioux of the Prairies=Matatoba.
Sioux of the River, Sioux of the River St. Peter’s=
Santee.
Sioux of the Rocks=Assiniboin.
Sioux of the Savannas=Teton.
Sioux of the Woods, Sioux orientaux—Santee.
Sioux-Osages—Osage.
Siouxs= Dakota.
Sioux sédentaires—Santee.
Siouxs of the Lakes=Mdewakanton.
Siouxs who shoot in the Pine Tops= Wazikute.
Sioux-Tentons, Sioux Teton=Teton.
Sioux Wahpacoota=Wahpekute.
Sioux Wahpatone= Wahpeton.
Siowes=Saone.
Si-oxes= Dakota.
Sipan=Lipan.
Siposka-numakaki=Sipushkanumanke.
Sippahaws=Sissipahaw
Si-pu’/-cka nu-man/-ke,
pushkanumanke,
Siquitchib= K watami.
Sira-grins=Shregegon.
Sircie—Sarsi.
Sirinueces, Sirinueses=Shawnee.
Teton.
Sipuske-Numangkake=Si-
SINKOMAN—S. JEROME DE LOS TAOS
1141
Sirkhintaruk=Sargentaruka,
Sirmilling=Sirmiling.
Siros= Piro.
Siroux= Dakota.
Sisaghroano= Missisauga.
Sisapapa=Sihasapa.
Sisatoone, Sisatoons, Siseton, Sisetwans—Sisseton.
Sishat=Seshart.
Sishu=Sesum,
S. Isidoro Numanas= Pueblo de los Jumanos.
Si’ sinLaé=Sisintlae.
Sisin-towanyan, Sisi toan, Sisitons, Sisiton way, Si-si-
t’'wans=Sisseton.
Sisizha-nin—Shoshoni.
Sisk=Susk.
Si/ska, Siska Flat=—Cisco.
Sis- -ky- -ou=Karok.
Sisoquichi=Isoguichic.
Sis’-qas- -li/-tan= Siskhaslitun.
Sis’-qiin-me’ yinné= Yaquina.
Sissatones, Sissatons, Sisseeton, Sissetoans, sisse-
tong, Sissetonwan—Sisseton.
Sissipahau=Sissipahaw.
Sissisaguez—= Missisauga.
Sissispahaws=Sissipahaw.
Sissitoan, Sissiton, Sissitongs, Sissi-t’wan=Sisseton.
Sis-stsi-mé= Sitsime.
Sistasoona, Sistasoone=Sisseton.
Sisticoosta=Chastacosta.
Sistons=Sisseton.
Si-stsi-mé=Sitsime.
Sisumi=Sesum.
Si-tanga—Chedunga.
Sitca=Sitka.
Sitca/nétl=Sichanetl.
Sit-can-xu=Brulé.
Sitcanxu=Sichanghu.
Sitcha=Sitka.
Si-tchom-ovi, Sitcomovi, Si-tcum’/-o-vi=Sichomoyi.
Sitka-kwan, Sitka-qwan, Sitkas—Sitka.
Sitkeas=Siksika.
Sitkhinskoe=Sitka.
Sitleece=Setlia.
Siton=Teton.
Stitqoe’di=Sitkoedi.
Sits-hanoch=Tsits.
Sitsimé= Laguna.
Sitska binohpaka=Seechkaberuhpaka.
Sittéowi= Uzutiuhi.
Sittiquo—Sitiku.
Si-’ twans=Sisseton.
Siuola= Zuni.
Siur Poils=Sanpoil.
Siusclau, Siuselaws=Siuslaw.
Si-vel= Lawilvan.
Sivilihoa=Sibirijoa.
Sivilleta=Sevilleta.
Sivinte=Shivwits.
Sivirijoa=Sibirijoa.
Sivits=Shivwits.
Sivola, Sivolo, Sivulo=Zuii.
Sivux— Dakota.
Si-vwa’-pi, Sivwapi wii wi=Siwapi.
Si-wahs=Katimin.
Siwannoki=Casa Grande.
Siwanoos=Siwanoy.
Siwer= Dakota.
Siwhipa=Isleta.
Siwinna=Sichomovi.
Six=K watami, Taoapa.
Six Allied Nations=Iroquois.
Sixame=Sijame.
Sixes=K watami.
Sixes Old Town=Sutali.
Six-he-kie-koon, Sixikau’a=Siksika.
Six Nations—Iroquois.
Six Nations living at Sandusky— Mingo.
Sixtowns, Six Towns Indians=Oklahannali.
Siya= Sia.
Siyanguayas= Sillanguayas.
Si-yan-ti, Si-yau-te=Siyante.
Siyélpa= ‘Colville.
Siyo-subula=Shiyosubula.
Siyo-tayka=Shiyotanka.
8. Javier, 8. Javier Bac, S. Javier del Bacel=San
Xavier del Bac.
8. Jean=San Juan.
S. Jérome de los Taos, 8. Jeronimo de Taos, S.
Jeronimo de Toos=Taos.
1142
. Joachin=San Joaquin.
Joanne=San Juan.
Joaquin=Basosuma.
Joaquin y Sta Ana (Nuri)=Nuri.
Joaquin y Sta Ana Tepachi=Tepachi.
John=San Juan.
José=San José.
. José de Joconostla—Joconostla.
José del Tizonazo=Tizonazo.
Josef, S. Josefo=Patoqua.
José Imuri=Imuris.
José Matape=Matape.
Joseph de Soy6pa=Soyopa.
Jua=San Juan de los Jemez.
Juan Bautista=San Juan Bautista.
Juan Capistrano, S. Juan Capistrano de Ulurituc=
Uturitue.
Juan Corapa=Corapa.
Juan de Guachinela= Huachinera.
Juan de Mata= Mata.
. Juan Guachinera= Huachinera.
Juan Peyotan=Peyotan.
Juan Quiburi=Quiburi.
Judas Tadeo=Tadeo Vaqui.
Skaachkook, Skaahkook=Scaticook.
Skaap=Khaap.
Skacewanilom= A bnaki.
Skachhooke, Skachkock, Skachkoke, Skachkook,
Skachticokes, Skackkook, Skackoor, Skacktege=
Seaticook.
Skad-dat, Skad-datts=Skaddal. .
Skadjats, Skadjets, Skagats, Skaget=Skagit.
Skaghhook=Scaticook.
Skaghnanes, Skaghquanoghronos=Nipissing.
Skaguay, Skagwa=Skagway.
Ska-hak-bush=Skahakmehu.
Skaigee=Skoiyase.
Skaikai’Eten=Skekaitin.
Skai-na-mish=Skihwamish.
Skaisi= Kutenai.
Skaiwhamish=Skihwamish.
Sk‘a/-jub=Skagit.
Ska-ka-bish, Ska-ka-mish=Skokomish.
Skakies=Sauk.
Skakobish=Skokomish.
Skala/li= Tuscarora.
Skal-lum=Clallam.
Skalza, Skalzi, Skalzy—Kutenai.
Skama=Gulhilgildjing.
Skamoken, Skamokin=Shamokin.
Ska-moy-num-achs=Spokan.
Skanatiarationo, Skaniadaradighroonas, Skaniata-
ratihdka, Skaniatarationo, Skanigadaradigh-
roonas, Skaniodaraghroonas= Nanticoke.
Skaocin=Skauishan.
Skao nans=Sulu-stins.
Sk-apa, Skappah=Skappa.
Sk’a’-qaus=Skakhaus.
Skaquahmish, Skaquamish=Skokomish.
S$ka-ri-ré”’ = Tuscarora.
Skasquamish=Skokomish.
Skatapushoish= Montagnais.
Skaticok, Skattock=Scaticook.
Sk:au/élitsk=Scowlitz.
’Skaui/can=Skauishan.
Skaun-ya-ta-ha-ti-thawk=Nanticoke.
Ska/utal—Skaddal.
Skawaghkees=Oquaga.
Skawah-looks=Skwawahlooks.
Skawendadys=Oka.
Skawhahmish, Ska-whamish=Skihwamish.
Skayshurunu= Foxes.
Ska’-yase, Skayes=Skoiyase.
Skea-wa-mish=Skihwamish.
Skecaneronons= Nipissing.
Skec’-e-ree=Skidi.
Ske-chei-a-mouse=Skecheramouse.
Skee-cha-way=Skitswish.
Skeedans=Skedans.
Skee’-de, Skeedee, Skee-e-ree=Skidi.
Skeelsomish=Skitswish.
Skeen=Skinpah.
Skeena Indians=Tsimshian.
Skeeree=Skidi.
Skeetsomish, Skeetsonish=Skitswish,
Skehandowana= Wyoming.
Skeina=Tsano.
Skekaneronons, Skekwanenhronon=Nipissing.
Skelsa/-ulk= Kutenai.
RANNNAR NNNNNMANW UMMM 02 02
S. JOACHIN—SKRAELINGS
Ske-luh=Okinagan.
Skenappa=Skanapa.
Skenchiohronon= Foxes.
Skensowahneronon=Saint Francis.
Skepah=Skappa.
Skequaneronon=Nipissing. ‘
Skere, Skerreh=Skidi. ’
Sketapushoish= Montagnais. :
§’ke-tehl-mish, S’ketehmish=Sktehlmish.
Sketigets=Skidegate.
Sket-shiotin=Skichistan.
Sketsomish, Sketsui=Skitswish.
Skeysehamish=Skihwamish.
Ske-yuh=Ntlakyapamuk.
Skey-wah-mish, Skeywhamish=Skihwamish.
S’Khinkit=—Tlingit.
Skicoack=Skicoak.
Skid-a-gate—Skidegate. '
Skidans, Skidanst=Skedans.
+ Ski/daoqao=Skidaokao.
Skiddan=Skedans.
Skid-de-gates, Skiddegeet,
Haade=Skidegate.
Skidegattz—Skidegate, Skittagetan Family.
Skidigate=Skidegate.
Skidoukou=Skidaokao.
Skien=Skinpah.
Skighquan=Nipissing.
Skihoah=Skicoak. \
Skilakh=Skilak.
Skillools, Skillute, Skilluts, Skillutts=Skilloot.
Skim-i-ah-moo=Semiahmoo.
Skin=Skinpah7z _ t
Skinnacock=Shinnecock.
Ski/npa=Skinpah.
Skin pricks=Tawehash.
Skiquamish=Skokomish.
Ski-shis-tin=Skichistan.
Sk!i’ sLa-i na-i xada/-i=Skistlainai-hadai.
Skit’a-get, Skit-e-gates, Skit-ei-get—Skidegate.
Skit-mish, Skitsaih, Skitsamiiq, Skitsui, Skitsuish—
Skitswish.
Skittagete=Skidegate.
Skittagets—Skidegate, Skittagetan Family.
Skitt de gates, Skittegas, Skittegats, Skittgetts—
Skidegate.
Skiuses=Cayuse.
Skiwhamish=Skihwamish.
Sk-Khabish=Sekamish.
Sk lale=Stlaz.
S’Klallams, S'Klallan, SKlal-lum=Clallam,
Sklarkum=Sanpoil.
Sk’muc=Kimus.
Skoa/tl’adas=Skwahladas.
Skoch Hook=Scaticook.
Skoffies= Nascapee.
Skog=Skooke.
Sko-har’-le=Schoharie.
Skohuashki= K ohashti.
Skoi-el-poi=Colville.
Skois’chint= Mountain Crows.
Skoi-yace=Skoiyase.
Skokale=Shaukel.
Skokamish=Skokomish.
Sko-ki ha"-ya’/=Creeks.
$ko-kobe’=Skokomish.
Skokomish=Twana.
Skokonish=Skokomish.
Skolale=Shaukel.
Skolsa= Kutenai.
S’Komish=Skokomish.
S’Komook=Comox.
Sko-ne’-ase=Skoiyase.
Skoomic=Squawmish.
Skopa=Tapishlecha.
Sko-pabsh=Skopamish.
Skopah=Skappa.
Skopebaclah, Skope-4hmish, Skope-a-mish=S kopa-
mish,
Sko-sko-mish=Skokomish.
$'Kosle-ma-mish=Shotlemamish.
Skotacook=Scaticook.
Skoton-Shasta=Chasta-Skoton.
Skowall=Skwawahlooks.
Skowliti=Scowlitz.
Skoxwa’/k=Skohwak.
Sk‘qoa/mic, Sk'qo/mic=Squawmish.
Skraelings, Skrellingav, Skrellings,
Skroelingues= Eskimo.
Od
Skidegat, Skidegate
ee ee ee ee ae
_—
-_ ee eee ee ee a
x
Skrellings,
BULL. 30]
Sk-tah-le-gum=Sktahlejum.
Sk-tahl-mish=Sktehlmish.
Skudishéni=Siksika.
Skuakisagi= Foxes.
Skuck-stan-a-jumps=Sktahlejum.
Sk!u’ das=Skudus.
Skuhuak=Skohwak.
Skuksxat=Skukskhat.
Skukum Chuck=Skookum Chuck.
Skulkayu=Skaukel.
Skunk= Hokarutcha, Kunipalgi.
Skunnemoke=Attacapa.
Skunnepaw=Skanapa.
Skuoua’/k*k=Skohwak.
Skuppah=Skappa.
Sku’-rxit=Skurghut.
Skutani=Atsina.
Skuwha, Skuwka=Skohwak.
Skuya’m=Skweahm.
Skuyélpi=Colville.
Skuszy Skt: ;
Skwahw-sda+bé=Squaxon.
Skwai-aitl=Squaitl. S
Skwak-sin, Skwak-sin-a-mish=Squaxon.
Skwa’/-Kwel= Kaquaith.
Skwale, Sk‘wa-lé-ibe, Skwali, Skwalliahmish,Skwalz=
Nisqualli.
Skw-amish=Squamish, Squawmish.
Skwa’/nana=Squannaroo.
Skwawksen, Skwawksin, Skwawksnamish=Squaxon.
Skwaw-mish=Squamish.
Skyit’au’k'o=Skidaokao.
Sky-lak-sen=Skaleksum.
Sky-Man= Makhpiyawichashta.
Skynses, Skyuse=Cayuse.
Sky-wa-mish=Skihwamish.
Sla’aqtl, Sla’‘axL=—Slaaktl.
8-lab’ wunwu=Salabi.
Slakagulgas=Hlahlokalka.
Sla-na-pa=Tzlanapah.
Slaoucud-dennie, Sla-i/-ah-kus-tinneh=Tluskez.
Slavé=Kawchodinne, Thlingchadinne.
Slave Indians=Etchareottine, Ettchaottine.
Slave Indians of Ft Liard=Etcheridiegottine.
Slaves=Etchareottine.
Slaves proper=Etchaottine.
Slavey=Etchareottine.
SLaxa’yux=Upper Fraser Band.
SLaz=Stlaz.
S. Lazaro, S. Lazarus=San Lazaro.
Sleepy Eyes=Chansdachikana.
Sleepy kettle band=Cheokhba.
Sl'e’na la’ nas=Stlenga-lanas.
SLétz=Stlaz.
S$. Limon Tucsani=Tucsani.
SL!i/ ndagwa-i=Stlindagwai.
Slka-tkml]-schi=Kalispel.
S. Lorent=San Lorenzo.
8. Lorenzo=Picuris, San Lazaro, San Lorenzo.
8. Lorenzo de los Picuries=Picuris.
8. Lorenzo del Realito=San Lorenzo.
S. Lorenzo de Picuries=Picuris.
Slosh=Schloss.
Slouacous dinneh, Slouacus Dennie, Sloua-cuss
Dinais, Slouacuss Tinneh, Slowacuss, Slowercuss,
Slowercuss-Dinai, Slua-cuss-dinais, Sluacus-
tinneh=Tluskez.
S. Lucas de Galpa=Galpa.
S. Ludlov de Bacapa=Bacapa.
S. Luis Babi=San Luis Babi.
8. Luis Bacapa=Bacapa.
S. Luis Bacuancos=Bacuancos.
S. Luis de Bacapa=Bacapa.
8. Luis Gonzaga Bacadeguachi=Bacadeguachi.
S, Luis Guebavi=Guevavi.
S. Luis Obispo Sevilleta—Sevilleta.
S. Luis Quitobac=Bacapa.
Sluktla’ kten=Mtlaktlakitin.
Slumagh=Slumach.
Smacshop, Smacsops=Smackshop.
S. Magdalena=Buguibava. —~
Sma-hoo-men-a-ish=Spokan.
Smak-shop=Smackshop.
Sma-léh-hu=Smalihu.
Smalh, Smalhkahmish=Smulkamish.
Sma-lih-hu=Smalihu.
Small-bird gens= Wazhinkaenikashika.
Small Brittle Fat=Inuksikahkopwaiks.
Small People=Iskulani.
zis. v
SK-TAH-LE-GUM—SOGAHATCHES
1143
Small Robes=Inuksiks. :
8. Marcellus, S. Marcelo de Sonoitac, S. Marcelo
Sonoydag=Sonoita.
S. Maria de Sucunca=Suamea.
S. Mark=San Marcos. *
S. Martin, S. Martin of the Opas=San Martin.
Smascops=Smackshop.
S. Mateo=San Mateo.
8S. Mateo Caut=—Cant.
S. Mateo Soroydad=Sonoita.
S. Mathias de Tutomagoidag=Tutomagoidag.
S. Matias Tutum=Tutum.
S. Matthaeus de Sicoroidag=Sicoroidag.
Smelkameen=Similkameen.
Smel-ka-mish=Smulkamish.
Smess=Sumass.
- Michael, S. Miguel=San Miguel Zuaque.
- Miguel Babispe=Babispe.
. Miguel Bacuachi= Bacuachi.
. Miguel de Vavispe=Babispe.
. Miguel Toape=Toape.
. Miguel Yonora= Yonora.
Smilé’kamug=Stuichamukh.
Smilé’qamux, Smilkameen, Smilkamin, Smilkémiy=
Similkameen.
Smith River Indians=K haamotene.
Smith Sound Eskimo=Ita.
S(anta]. M[aria]. Magdalen=Buquibaya.
Smockshop, Smokshops=Smackshop.
Smulcoe=Smulkamish.
S-na-a-chikst—Senijextee.
S-na-ha-em, Snahaim, Snahain=Snakaim.
Snake Diggers= Paiute, Shoshoni.
Snake Indians=Comanche, Shoshoni.
Snake Root ee ostivee:
Snalatine=Atfalati.
Snanaimooh, Snanaimug=Nanaimo.
Snegs=Shoshoni.
Sn. Felipe=Terrenate.
Sniekes=Seneca.
Snihtlimih=Senktl.
Sn Juan=San Juan.
Snoa=Shoshoni.
Sno-dom-ish=Snohomish.
Sno-kwal-mi-yukh, Snokwalmu=—Snoqualmu.
Snonoos, Sno-no-wus=Snonowas.
Snoqualamick, Sno-qual-a-muhe, Sno-qual-a-muke,
Snoqualimich, Sno-qualimick, Snoqualmie, Sno-
qualmoo, Sno-qual-mook=Snoqualmu.
Sno-uo-wus=Snonowas.
Sn Phelipe, S: Philip de queres=San Felipe.
Snpoilixix, Snpuélish—Sanpoil.
Snuk=Suk.
Snu/L’ ElaL=Snutlelatl.
Snxayus,=Sinkiuse.
Snyxumina=Spokan.
Soacatina=Soacatino.
Soayalpi—Colville.
Soba=Pitic.
Sobahipuris, Sobaihipure, Sobaiporis, Sobaipotis,
Sobaipures, Sobaipuris Pimas=Sobaipuri.
Sobal-ruck=Smulkamish.
Sobas=Soba.
Sobaypures, Sobaypuris=Sobaipuri.
Soboba=Saboba.
Socatoon=Sacaton.
Soccokis, Soccoquis=Sokoki.
Soccorro=Socorro del Sur.
Soccouky=Sokoki.
Sockacheenum=Shuswap.
Soc-kail-kit=Sokchit.
Sock-a-muke=Sakumehu.
Sockegones, Sockhigones—Sokoki.
Sock Indians=Sooke.
Socklumnes= Mokelumne.
Sock o par toy=Sakapatayi.
Socktish=Sockchit.
Soclan=Saclan.
Socoas=Shokhowa.
Socokis=Sokoki.
Socollomillos=Clear Lake Indians.
Socoquiois, Socoquis, Socoquois—Sokoki.
Socora, Socoro—Socorro, Socorro del Sur.
Socorro=Aymay.
Socorra, Socorre=Socorro.
Socorro=Socorro del Sur.
Socouky=Sokoki.
Soegatzy—Oswegatchie.
Sogahatches=Saugahatchi.
ANNNNUN
1144
Sogkonate=Saconnet.
Sogo=Soco.
Sogorem=Aperger.
Soguspogus=Sukaispoka.
Sohkon, Soh’-koon=Sawcunk.
So’hl=Sonsa.
Sohmish=Samish.
Sohokies=Sokoki.
Soieenos=Somenos.
Soi-il-enu, Soi it inu=Tsawatenok.
Soisehme=Suisun.
Sok=Sooke.
Sokakies=Sokoki.
Sokaspoge=Sukaispoka.
So-kéa-keit=Sokchit.
Sokes=Sooke.
Sok-kail-kit=—Sokchit.
Sokkie=Sauk.
So-ko’-a=Shokhowa.
Sokokies, Sokokiois=Sokoki.
Sokones, Sokonesset=Succonesset.
Sokoquiois, Sokoquis, Sok8akiak, Sokouakiaks, So-
koueki=Sokoki.
Soktich=Sokchit.
Solackeyu=Solakiyu.
Solameco=Chiaha.
Solano=San Francisco Solano.
Soledad=Nuestra Sefiora de la Soledad.
Sol-ke-chuh=Saltketchers.
Sololumnes=Tuolumne.
Solotluck=Wishosk.
Solumnees=Tuolumne.
Somass=Tsomosath.
Somena=Ntlakyapamuk, Siamannas.
So-me-nau=Somenos.
Somes=Somo.
So/mexulitx—Somehulitk.
Somhotnehan=Somhotnechau.
§‘o-mus=Somo.
Somyotnechau=Somhotnechau.
Songars—Songish.
Songasketons, Songaskicons, Songasquitons, Songa-
stikon, Songats, Songatskitons—Sisseton.
Songees=Songish.
Songeskitons, Songeskitoux, Songestikons=Sis-
seton.
Songhees=Stsanges.
Songhies=Songish.
Songoapt=—Shongopovi.
Soni=Sonoita.
Sonikanik, Soni-k’ni= Wichita.
Sonkaskitons=Sisseton.
Sonkawas=Tonkawa.
Sonnioto=Scioto.
Sonnontoeronnons, Sonnontouaheronnons=Seneca.
Sonnontouan=Totiakton.
Sonnontotieronnons, Sonnontovans=Seneca.
Sonoaitac, Sonoi, Sonoitac=Sonoita.
Sonoma=San Francisco Solano.
Sonomas, Sonomellos, Sonomos, Sonons=Sonomi.
Sonontoehronnons, Sonontoerrhonons, Sonontouaé-
ronons, Sonontotanhrronon, Sonontouans, Sonon-
touehronon, Sonontouons, Sonontrerrhonons=
Seneca.
Sonora=Opata.
Sonorita, Sonoytac=Sonoita.
Sonsobe=Tomsobe.
Sontaouans= Ottawa.
Sontouaheronnons, Sontouhoironon, Sontouhoue-
thonons=Seneca.
So-nus’-ho-gwa-to-war=Cayuga.
Sonwuckolo=Sawokli.
Soo= Dakota.
Sooc-he-ah=Sukaispoka.
Soof-Curra=Tsofkara.
Soo-i-soo-nes=Suisun.
Sookee=Soquee.
Sook-e-nock-e=Sukinatchi.
Sook-kamus=Suk, Kimus.
Soones= Zuni.
Soon-noo-daugh-we-no-wenda=Cayuga.
Soo-pas-ip=Supasip.
Soopis, Soopus= Esopus.
Soo-wan’-a-mooh=Okinagan.
So-pak’-tu=Sopaktalgi.
Sopes, Sopez= Esopus.
Sopono=Sopone.
Sopopo=Soyopa.
Sopori=Sepori.
SOGKONATE—SOW ANIA
[B. A. B.
Sopus=Esopus, Tunxis.
Soquachjck, Soquackicks=Sokoki.
Soquagkeeke—Squawkeag.
Soquamish=Suquamish.
Soquatucks, Soquokis, Soquoquioii, Soquoquiss—
Sokoki.
Soraphanigh=Sarapinagh.
Sorcerers=Nipissing.
Sore backs=Chankaokhan.
Soricoi, Sorriquois= Micmac.
Sorsi=Sarsi.
Sosemiteiz, S-osemity=A wani.
Soshawnese, Soshonees, Soshones—=Shoshoni.
So-so-ba, So-so/-bu-bar=Shobarboobeer.
So/-so-i-ha/-ni=Shoshoni.
Sosokos=Shoshoko.
So-so-na, Sosone, Sosonee, Sosones, So’-so-ni=Sho-
shoni.
Sotaeo=Sutaio.
Sotchaway=Alachua.
Soténna=Sarsi.
Soteomellos=Wappo.
Sothoues, Sothouis=Uzutiuhi-
Sothuze, Sotoes=Chippewa.
Sotomieyos= Wappo.
Sotonis=Uzutiuhi.
Sotoos=Chippewa.
Sotoriva=Saturiba.
Sotos, Sotouis=Uzutiuhi.
Sotoyomes=Wappo..
SotsL=Sotstl.
Sotto=Chippewa.
Soturiba=Saturiba.
Souchitiony, Souchitionys=Doustioni, Uzutiuhi.
Souckelas=Sawokli.
Soudayé=Kadohadacho.
Soues, Souex= Dakota.
Sougahatchee=Saugahatchi.
Sougaskicons=Sisseton.
Sou-go-hat-che=Saugahatchi.
Souhane=Suwanee.
Souikilas=Sawokli.
Souissouns=Suisun.
Souix= Dakota.
Soulier Noir, Souliers=Amahami.
Soulikilas=Sawokli.
Soulteaux—Chippewa.
Soundun=Sundum.
Sounés=Zufii.
Sountouaronons=Seneca.
Souon, Souon-Teton=Saone.
Souquel=Osacalis.
Souricois, Sourikois, Sourikwosiorum, Souriquois,
Souriquosii, Sourriquois= Micmac.
Sous=Dakota.
Sou Saida=Saucita.
Soushwaps=Shuswap.
Sousitoon=Sisseton.
Souteus=Chippewa.
Southampton=Saugeen.
Southampton Indians=Shinnecock.
South Bay Indians=Nusehtsatl.
Southern=Chinookan Family, Nootka, Salishan
Family.
Southern Apaches=Faraon, Gila Apache.
Southern Arapahoes, Southern Band=Nawunena.
Southern Chiricahua=Chiricahua.
Southern Indians=Cree, Mashpee, Maskegon.
Southern Killamuk= Yaquina.
Southern Minquas=Conestoga.
Southern Pimas=Nevome.
Southois, Southouis=Uzutiuhi.
South Sea Indians= Mashpee.
South Sussetons= Miakechakesa
South Thompson=Halaut.
Southton=Shinnecock.
South Yanktons= Yankton.
Souties=Chippewa.
Soutouis=Uzutiuhi.
Souwagoolo, Souwogoolo—Sawok:
Soux=Dakota.
Souyoto=Scioto, Sonnioto.
Sovovo=Saboba.
Sowaams=Pokanoket.
Sowahegen Indians=Souhegan.
Sowam, Sowame, Sowamsett= Pokanoket.
Sowan=Saone.
Sowanakas=Shawnee.
Sowania=Southern Cheyenne.
eS
a
BULL, 30]
Sowanokas, Sowanokees=Shawnee.
Sowans= Pokanoket.
Sow-a-to=—Comanche.
Sowgahatcha, Sow ga hatch cha=Saugahatchi.
Sowhylie=Tsoowahlie.
Sowint winwi, So’-win-wa=Sowiinwa.
Sowi winwu=Sowi.
Sowocatuck=—Sokoki.
Sowoccolo=—Sawokli.
Sowocotuck=Sokoki.
So-wok-ko-los=Sawokli.
Sowonia=Southern Cheyenne.
Sow-on-no, Sowonokees=Shawnee.
Sowquackick=Sokoki.
Sow-wames, Sowwams= Pokanoket.
Soyennom=Soyennow.
Soyopas= Mohave.
8. Pablo Baibcat=Baibcat.
8. Pablo Comuripa=Cumuripa.
8. Pablo Pescadero= Pescadero.
8. Pablo Quiburi=Quiburi.
Spah-a-man=Spahamin.
Spa-ki-um=Spapium.
Spallumacheen, Spallumcheen=Spallamcheen.
Spanish Indians—Churchcates.
Spanish Yuki= Witukomnom.
Spanish Yutes=Ute.
8. Pantaleon Aribaiba=Aribaiba.
Spapiam=Spapium.
Spa’ptsEn, S-pap-tsin=Spatsum.
Sparrowhawks=Crow.
Spatsim=Spatsum.
8. Paulus=San Pablo.
Spa/xEmin=Spahamin.
Spayam=Spaim.
Speckled Pani= Wichita.
§. Pedro=Cumuripa.
8. Pedro de Ixtacan=Ixtacan.
§. Pedro Jicara—Jicara.
8. Pedro Turisai=Turisai.
Spe/im=Spaim.
Spelemcheen, Spellamcheen, Spellammachum=Spal-
lamcheen.
Spena=Dakubetede.
ees Bridge, Spences Bridge Indians=Nskakaul-
en.
S. Petrus=San Pedro.
Speyam=Spaim.
S. Phelipe, S. Philip—San Felipe.
Spicheats, Spicheets=Spichehat.
§’pi-lil=Salpilel.
Split Livers=Tapishlecha.
Spogans, Spokains, Spokane, Spo-keh-mish, Spo-
kehnish, Spokein, Spokens, Spo-kih-nish, Spoki-
neish, Spokines, Spokomish=Spokan.
Spo’/zém=Spuzzum.
Spring Creeks—Bidai.
Spring Gardens=Talahassee.
Spring Indians=Tyigh.
Spring-people=Nushaltkagakni.
Spuggum=Spuzzum,
Spuka’n=Spokan.
Spugpugd/lemQ=Spukpukolemk.
Spu’zum, Spuzzam=Spuzzum.
Sqahe’ne ya’da-i—Skahene.
Sqa-i=Skae, Skway.
S$qaia/lo—Skaialo.
Sqaiagos=Skaiakos.
Sqai’-tao=—Skaito.
Sqa/ma—Sulhlgildjing.
Sq‘a’os=Skaos.
SQaqai’/Ek=Skakaiek.
Sqa/-qwai yu’-tslu=Skhakhwaiyutslu.
Sqéle=Skelsh.
Sqe‘/ltEn=Skelten.
Sqé’na=Skena.
Sqnamishes=Squawmish.
Sqoa’/tadas—Sk wahladas.
Sqohamish=Squawmish.
Sqowi=Shruhwi.
Sqsanitc—Sanetch.
Squa-aitl=Squiatl.
Squabage, Squabang, Squabaug, Squabauge, Squa-
boag, Squabog—Quabaug.
Squ-agh-kie Indians=Squawkihow.
Squaghkies— Foxes.
Squah=Skwah.
Squahalitch Indians—Chilliwack.
Squaheag=Squawkeag.
SOW ANOKAS—STAOCTAN
1145
| Squahk-sen, Squah-sin-aw-mish=Squaxon.
Squah-tta=Skwah.
Squai-aitl—Squiatl.
Squakeage, Squakeays, Squakheag,
Squawkeag.
Squakie Hill village=Dayoitgao.
Squakies=Squawkihow.
Squakkeag=—Squawkeag.
Squakshin, Squakskin, Squaks’na-mish=Squaxon.
Squalli-ah-mish, Squalli-a-mish, Squally-ah-mish,
Squallyamish=Nisqualli.
Squam-a-cross=Squannaroo.
Squamish=Suquamish.
Squamisht=Squawmish.
Squan-nan-os, Squan-nun-os=Squannaroo.
Squa’pamuq=Shuswap.
Squapauke=Quabaug.
Squa-que-hl= Kaquaith,
Squash village=Tutuwalha.
Squa-sua-mish=Squaxon.
Squnpshege aro Squawkihow.
Squatehokus=Squawkihow.
Squatils, Squatits, da cae be
e.
Squakheig—=
Squaw-a-tosh=Colvi
Squawkeague, Squawkheag=Squawkeag.
Squawkey=Squawkihow.
Squawkiehah= Foxes.
Squawkie Hill—Dayoitgao.
Squawkihows= Foxes.
Squawky Hill=Dayoitgao.
Squawlees=Nisqualli.
Squawmish=Suquamish.
Squawskin=Squaxon.
Squawtas—Squawtits.
Squaw Town=Grenadier Squaw’s Town.
Squaxins—Squaxon.
Squay, Squay-ya—Skway.
Squeam=Skweahm.
Squeer-yer-pe—Colville.
Squehala—=Skaialo.
Squeitletch=Squiatl.
Squekaneronons= Nipissing.
Squha’/mEn=Skuhamen.
Squ-hano=Shruhwi.
Squiaelps=Colville.
Squiahla—Skaialo.
Squi-aitl—Squiatl.
Squiatl— Nisqualli.
§’quies’-tshi= Arikara.
Squihala=Skaialo.
Squim bay, Squinbay=Sequim.
Squi/nqun=Skuingkung.
Squint Eyes=Kutchin, Tukkuthkutchin.
Squohamish=Squawmish.
Squorins, Squoxsin=Squaxon.
S. Rafael, S. Rafael Actun, S. Rafael de los Gentiles,
8. Raphaél=San Rafael.
Sri’-gon=Shregegon.
Sroo-tle-mam-ish=Shotlemamish.
S. Rosalia di Mulege=Santa Rosalia Mulege.
S. Sabas=San Sabas.
S. Salvador=San Salvador.
Ssangha-kon=Sanyakoan.
SSaumingmiut=Saumingmiut.
S. Serafin, S. Serafin Actum, S. Serafino del Napcub=
San Serafin.
Ssik-nachadi=Siknahadi.
Ssikossuilar-miut=Sikosuilarmiut.
S. Simeon de Tucsani=Tucsani.
8. Simon=Upasoitae.
8. Simon Tucsani, §. Simon Tuesani=Tucsani.
S. Simon y Judas de Opasoitac= Upasoitac.
S’slo-ma-mish=Shomamish.
Ssokoan hadeé=Sukkwan, Koetas.
Sta. See Santa.
St&-ai’/-in—Stryne.
Sta-amus=Stamis.
Sta Ana Anamic=Anamic.
Sta. Bibiana=Bibiana.
Sta. Catalina, Sta. Catalina Cuitciabaqui—Cuitcia-
baqui.
Sta. Catarina—Cuitciabaqui, Santa Catalina.
Sta. Catarina Caituagaba—Cuitciabaqui.
Stach’in, Stackeenes=Stikine.
Sta. Clara—Santa Clara.
Sta Cruz=Nacori.
Sta Cruz Babisi= Babisi.
Sta. Cruz de Gaibauipetea, Sta. Cruz de Jaibanipitca
de Pimas=Gaibanipitea.
Stactan=Staitan.
1146
Stadacone=Stadacona.
8. Tadeo Batqui= Tadeovaqui.
Sta-e-tan, Staetons=Staitan.
Sta. Eulalia=Santa Eulalia.
Staga’ush = Nestucca.
Sta Gertrudis Saric=Saric.
Sta Gertrudis Techicodeguachi=Techicodeguachi.
Sta-he-tah=Staitan.
Stahl, Stahl-lch=Stlaz.
Sta/iEn=Stryne.
Stailaku-mamish=Steilacoomamish.
Stailans=Staitan.
Stain=Stryne.
Sta Isabel=Tusonimon.
Staitan=Cheyenne.
Staked Plain Indians, Staked Plains Omaions, Staked
Plains Onawas= K wahari.
Stakeen, Stakhin, Stak-hin-kon,
Stakhinskoe, Stakin=Stikine.
Stak-tabsh=Staktamish.
Stak-ta-le-jabsh =Sktahlejum.
Stak-ta-mish, Staktomish=K waiailk.
Stal ndas xa/da-i=Stulnaas-hadai.
Sta. Maria—Galisteo, Suamca.
Sta. Maria de los Angeles de Saguaripa—Sahuaripa.
Sta Maria del Populo Tonichi=Tonichi.
Sta Maria de Uasaraca=Baserac.
Sta. Maria Nacori=Nacori.
Sta. Maria Sahuaripa—Sahuaripa.
Sta Maria Tepuspe=Tepuspe.
St Mario—Galisteo.
Stamas=Stamis.
St Ana=Santa Ana.
Stankckans=Assumpink.
Sta/nta-i=Stunhlai.
St. Antonio—Senecu.
Staq-tiibe =Chehalis.
Staraie Selenie=Staria Selenie.
Star gens= Mikakhenikashika. =
Starikvikhpak, Stari-Kwikhpak=Starik.
Sta Rosa Abiquiu= Abiquiu.
Sta Rosalia Onapa=Onopa.
Sta Rosa Tibideguachi=Tibideguachi.
Starrahe, Star-rah-hé= Arikara.
Starry Kwikhpak=Starik.
Starui gavan=Nunamiut.
Stasa’os qé gawa-i, Stasauskeowai=Stasaos-keg-
awal. ;
Stastas=Stustas.
Statchook=Skatehook.
Statcia/ni=Stahehani.
Sta. Teresa—Santa Teresa.
Stationary Minetares= Hidatsa.
Sta/-tlum-ooh= Lillooet.
Staua’cen=Sewathen.
St!awa’s xa’-idaga-i—Stawas-haidagai.
Stawtonik—Statannyik.
Staxéha/ni=—Stahehani.
Stca’tcuHil=Schachuhil.
St. Cayetano=—Tumacacori.
Stcé/kus=Nchekus.
Stchitsui=Skitswish.
Stcilks=Schilks.
Stcink=Schink.
St Clara=Santa Clara.
St. Croix Indians=Munominikasheenhug, Passa-
maquoddy.
S’tcukosh-=- Nchekus.
St’cu-qwite=Stthukhwich.
Stcuwa’cEl=Sewathen.
St. Diego de Pitquin=Pitic.
Ste’amtshi—Crows.
Stecoe, Steecoy=Stikayi.
Steelar=Skidi.
Stegara, Stegarakes,
Stegora=Stegaraki.
Saree Steh-chass, Stehchop=Stehtsasa-
mish.
Stehl-lum=Stehtlum,.
Steilacoom, Steilakumahmish=Steilacoomamish.
Steila-qua-mish, Steil-la-qua-mish=Stillaquamish.
Stekchar=Stehtsasamish.
Stekini Indians—Stikine.
Stékoa, Stekoah=Stikayi.
Stélaoten, Stel-a-tin=—Stella.
Stell-cha-sa-mish=Stehtsasamish.
Stémchi, Stémtchi=Crows.
Stenkenocks=Stegaraki.
Stent-lum=Stehtlum,
Stakhin’-kwan,
Stegarakies, Stegerakies,
STADACONE—SUC-CO-AH iF
[B. A. E.
Stetch-as—Stehtsasamish.
Stetchtlum, Ste-te-tlim—=Stehtlum.
Stetlum= Lillooet.
St. Eulalia=Santa Eulalia.
Stewarts Lake Indians=Nikozliautin.
S. Thaddeus de Batki= Tadeovaqui.
S Thomas=Tome.
Stiaggeghroano, Stiagigroone—Chippewa.
Sticcoa=Stikayi.
Stichistan=Skichistan.
Stick=Tahltan.
Stickens, Stickienes=Stikine.
Stick Indians=Tagish.
Stickine=Stikine.
Stickoey=Stikayi.
Sticks=Nuchwugh. ‘
Stiel Shoi, Stietshoi=Skitswish.
Stikin=Stikine.
Stili=Skidi.
Stilla=Stella.
Stimk=Crows.
Stincards= Metsmetskop.
Stinkards=Metsmetskop, Winnebago.
Stinkers, Stinks= Winnebago.
Stitchafsamish, Stitcha-saw-mich, Stitcheo-saw-
mish=Stehtsasamish.
Stjoekson=Tucson.
St-ka-bish, St-kahmish, St Kalmish, St’kamish=
Sekamish.
Stlahl, Stlahl-ilitch=Stlaz.
S’tlaht-tohtlt-hu=Comox.
Stlat-limuh, Stla’tliumH, Stla’tliumQ@, Stla’tlumQ@=—
Lillooet.
Stl Enger 1a/nas= Aostlanlnagai, Stlenga-.anas.
Stling Lennas=Stlenga-lanas,
Stobshaddat= Yakima.
Sto Dom. de Cochiti, Sto. Domingo de Cuevas=
Santo Domingo.
Stogaras—Stegaraki.
Stohenskie=Stikine.
Sto-lo-qua-bish, Stoluchquamish, Sto-luch-wamish,
Sto-luck-qua-mish, Stoluckwhamish, Stolutswha-
mish=Stillaquamish.
Stone=Assiniboin, Stone Tsilkotin.
Stone Indians=Assiniboin, Jatonabine.
Stone Kettle Esquimaux=Ukusiksalirmiut.
Stone Roasters= Assiniboin.
Stones—Stone Tsilkotin.
Stone Sioux, Stoney=Assiniboin.
Stoney Creek band=Nulaantin.
Stoney Indians= Assiniboin.
Stonies= Assiniboin, Tschantoga.
Stono, Stonoes, Stonoe tribe=Stonos.
Stony Creek Indians=Assunpink.
Stotonia—Tututunne.
Stotonik—Statannyik.
St’ox=Stoktoks.
’St’qe’l=Sutkel.
St-Queen=Sequim.
Straight Mélale=Molala.
Strain=Stryne.
Street natives=Tlingit.
Strongbows= Etcheridiegottine.
Strongwood Assinniboines=Tschantoga.
Strongwood Cree=Sakawithiniwuk.
Stryen=Stryne.
Stryne-Nqakin=Stryne, Nkoikin.
Strynne, Stryune=Stryne.
Stske/lis=Chehalis.
Stské’etl, Stsk:é’/iL—Stskeitl.
Stue Cabitic=Stucabitic.
Stu/in=Stuik.
Stu’/ikishy é/ni=Stuikishkeni.
Stu/ix'=Stuik.
Sturgeon Indians=Nameuilini.
Stiwi’Hamug=Stuichamukh.
Stxuaiyn=Siksika.
Styne Creek=Stryne.
Styucson=Tucson.
Su=Dakota.
Suagna=Suangua.
Suahnee=Suwanne.
Sualatine=Atfalati.
Suali, Sualy=Cheraw.
Suanaimuchs= Nanaimo.
Su-a-na-muh=Okinagan.
Suanee Old Town=Suwanee.
Suaque, Suaqui=Zuaque.
Subaipures, Subaipuris=Sobaipuri.
Suc-co-ah=Succaah.
~~. ae ee ee
=~ ee” 2
'
BULL, 30]
Succonet, Succonusset=—Succonesset.
Suchamier=Lakmiut.
Sucheen=Stikiue.
Suche-poga—Sukaispoka.
Suchni=Suchui.
Suchongnewy=Sichomoyi.
Suck-a-mier=Lakmiut.
Suckanessett=Succonesset.
Stckémos= Eskimo.
Suckiang, Suckiaug, Suckieag—Sukiaug.
Siicl-ta’-qo-t’¢a’yinné’—Sushltakhotthatunne.
Suco=Acoma, Pecos.
Suc-qua-cha-to-ny=Kwatami.
Su’d¢é= Kadohadacho.
Sudpfoven=Adjuitsuppa.
Sue=Dakota. .
Sufip—=Rekwoi.
Sugans—Sugeree.
Sugar Eater band=Penateka.
Sugar-Eaters=Penointikara.
Sugar or Honey Eaters=Penateka.
Sugartown=K ulsetsiyi.
Sugaus=Sugeree.
Sugg/an—Sukkwan.
Sug-wau-dug-ah-win-in-e-wug, Sug-wun-dug-ah-win-
in-e-wug=Sugwaundugahwininewug.
Suhiayé’/gish—Shuyakeksh.
Suhtai—Sutaio.
Sui=Sowi.
Suil= Dakota.
Suipam=Siupam.
Suislaw=Siuslaw.
Suivirits—Seuvarits.
Suka-ishpégi=Sukaispoka.
Si-ke-tcti-ne’ yanné=Sukechunetunne.
Sukiaugks=Sukiaug.
Sukinatchi=Sukinatcha.
Sik-kwe’-tcé=K watami.
Suksanchi=Chukchansi.
Sukwames, Sukwamish—=Suquamish.
Sulajame—Sulujame.
Su-lan-na=Lulanna.
Sulatelik—Wishosk.
Sulawig-meuts=Selawigmiut.
Sulluggoes=Cherokee.
Sulu’/s=Tsulus.
Sumacacori=Tumacacori.
Sumanas=Tawehash.
Sumas, Su-mat-se=Sumass.
Sumes=Suma.
Sumi=Zuii.
Sum-maun=Sumaun.
Summe= Etah.
Sumonpavi, Sumoporvy,
Shongopovi.
Sun=Mienikashika.
Sunahimes=Snohomish.
Sundia=Sandia.
Sundowns=Sumdum.,
Sun-Flower-Seed-Eaters—Shonivikidika.
Sun gens= Mienikashika.
Sun-hunters=Tabeguache.
Suni=Zuii.
Sun ikceka=Shungikcheka.
Sunis=Zuni.
Sunk=Suk.
Sunkaha napin—Shungkahanapin.
Sunka yute-sni=Shungkayuteshni.
Su*kisad—Sungkitsaa.
Sunne=Zuii.
Sunnekes=Seneca.
Sun-num=Sunum.
Sun-nun’-at= Dakota.
Sunset Indians= Natchez.
Su"ti=Suiigitsaa.
Suny=Zunhi.
Sunyendeand=Junundat.
Si/nyitsa, Siinyitsi=Zufi.
Suoculo=Sawokli.
Suouex= Dakota.
Supais, Supies, Supis—Havasupai.
Suponolevy, Supowolewy=Shipaulovi.
Suppai=—Havasupai.
Suqq°-an =Sukkwan.
Suquahmish=Suquamish.
Su-quah-natch-ah=Sukinatchi.
Su’Quapmuq=Shuswap.
Suraminis=Sawani.
Surcee, Surci, Surcie=Sarsi.
Sumopowy, Sumopoy=
SUCCONET—TAA ASHIWANI
1147
Suriquois= Micmac.
Surra Blancos= White Mountain Apache.
Surrenderers=Showtucket.
Surrillos=Castake. ;
Si-rxis’ té-st‘hi’-tin—Surghustesthitun.
Susaguey—Susuquey.
Susanna=Busanic.
Suscahannaes, Suscohannes—Conestoga.
Sushetno=Sushitna.
Sushwap= Kuaut.
Susoles=Susolas.
Susquahanna, Susquahannocks, Susquehanas, Sus-
quehannagh—Conestoga.
Susquehannah Indians—Oquaga.
Susquehannah Minquays, Susquehanna’s, Susque-
hannocks, Susquehannoes, Susquehannos, Susque-
hanocks, Susquehanoes, Susquhannok, Susqui-
hanoughs=Conestoga.
Sussee=Sarsi.
Susseetons=Sisseton.
Sussekoon=Sarsi.
Sussetong, Sussetons, Sussetonwah=Sisseton.
Sussez, Sussi=Sarsi.
Sussitongs=Sisseton.
Sussitongs of Roche Blanche=Kahra.
Su/-su-ne=Shoshoni.
Sus xa-idAga-i=Sus-haidagai.
Si/tagi’/=Sitiku.
Sutaguison=Sudacson.
Su’-tai=Sutaio.
Sutaquisan, Sutaquisau, Sutaquison—Sudacson.
Su’tasi’/na, Suta’ya, Sutayo—Sutaio.
Suth-setts=Seshart.
Su’-ti=Sutaio.
Sutkhoon=Sutkum.
Sutsets=Seshart.
Sutuami=Lutuamian Family.
Suturees=Sugeree.
Suuk—Suk. J
Suuk-kamus=Suk, Kimus.
Suwanee Old Town, Suwa’ni=Suwanee.
Suwanoes=Shawnee.
Suwarof=Kingiak.
Suworof=Paugwik.
Suysum=Suisun.
Svernofftsi= Aglemiut.
Swa-dabsh=Siamannas.
Swaggles town, Swaglaws,
Sawokli.
Swa-hol=Sasuagel.
Swa-lash=Swalarh.
Swales=Sawokli.
Swali=Cheraw.
Swampee, Swampies, Swamp Indians, Swampy Creek
Indians, Swampy Crees, Swampy Krees, Swampys=
Maskegon.
Swan-Creek band=Wapisiwisibiwininiwak.
Swedebish=Swinomish.
Sweegachie, Sweegassie, Sweegochie=Oswegatchie.
Swees=Sarsi.
Swegaachey, Swé-ga’-che, Swegachee, Swegachey,
Swegachie, Swegachy, Swegatsy=Oswegatchie.
Sweielpa—Colville.
Swetgatchie=Oswegatchie.
Swgahatchies=Sawokliudshi.
Swi-el-pree=Colville.
Swimmish=Sequim.
Swo-Kwabish=Suquamish.
Sxa-nu-ya—Skanuka.
S. Xaver du Bac, S. Xavier, §. Xavier del Bac=
San Xavier del Bac.
S. Xavier des Praiz, S. Xavier des Prez—La Prairie.
Sxqomic=Squawmish.
S-yars=Saia.
Sybaik, Sybayks=Sebaik.
Sycuan=Sequan.
Sy-cus=Saikez.
Sydproven=—Adjuitsuppa.
Syllery=Sillery.
Syneck, Synek, Synekees, Synekes, Synicks, Synne-
kes, Synneks=Seneca.
Syouslaws=Siuslaw.
Sypanes=Lipan.
Syquan=Sequan.
Syuay=Skway.
Sywanois=Siwanoy.
Swaglers, Swagles=
Tda~’di-yal-a-na-wan—Heshota Ayahltona.
Taa Ashiwani—Zuni.
1148
Ta-ah-tens=Tatlatunne.
Taaiya‘hltona ‘Hluelawa=Heshota Ayahltona.
T!a’at= laahl-lanas.
Taaogo=—Tioga.
Taaovaiazes, Taaoyayases=Tawehash.
Ta-a’p-pu=Tapo.
Taasey=Toosey.
Ta-ashi= Apache.
Taas-nei= Knaiakhotana.
Ta’a-t’co’ yanné=Targhutthotunne.
Taatém‘hlanah-kwe=Taa.
Ta-4 té-ne=Tatlatunne.
Tab=Tabo.
Tabta’—Tapa.
Tabaguache, Tabahuaches=Tabeguache.
Tabaroas=Tamaroa.
Tabayase=Tawehash.
Tabechya, Tabeguachis, Tabegwaches, Tabehuachis,
Tabe-naches=Tabeguache,
Tabensa=Taensa.
Tabequache, Tabequache Utes, Tabewaches, Tabia-
chis=Tabeguache.
Tabitibis, Tabittibis, Tabittikis= A bittibi.
Tabképaya=Walapai.
Tab nyi-mi=Tabo.
Taboayas, Taboayases, Taboayazes=Tawehash.
Tabo winwu=Tabo.
Taboyazes, Tabuayas=Tawehash.
Tabrackis=Tabeguache.
Tab wun-wi=Tabo.
Taby=Talasse.
Ta-cab-ci-nyu-mth=Nayaho.
Tacadocorou=Tacatacuru.
Tacamanes, Tacames=Tacame.
Tacasnanes= Pasnacanes.
Tacatacouru=Tacatacuru.
Ta ¢da’xu=Tadhaghu.
Tacci=Dogi.
Tachees=Texas.
Tachekaroreins=Tuscarora.
Taches=Tachi.
Tachi, Tachies=Texas.
Tachigmyut=Unaligmiut.
Tackankanie=Tawakoni.
Tack-chan-de-su-char=Tackchandeseechar.
Tackies=Texas.
Tacnahetca=Tashnahecha.
Tacokoquipesceni=Pineshow.
Tacones=Tacame.
Taconet, Taconick, Taconock=Taconnet.
Tacoon= Yaquina.
Tacopin—Gupa.
Tacoposcas=Taposa.
Tacos=Taos, Tewa, Taku.
Tacoullie=Takulli.
Tacubavia=Tucubavia.
Tacuenga—Cahuenga.
Taculli, Tacullie, Ta-cullies, Tacully=Takulli.
Tacupin=Gupa.
Tacusas=Taposa.
Tadacone=Stadacona.
Taderighrones=Tutelo.
Tades Vaqui=Tadeovaqui.
Tadjedjayi=Tadji.
Tadje jinga=Tadzhezhinga.
Tadje unikaci*»ga=Tadzheunikashinga.
Tadji=Tachi.
Tadoosh=Tadush.
Tadoucac, Tadousae, Tadousca, Tadoussac, Tadous-
saciens=Tadousac. ;
Tadpole place=Tokogalgi.
Ta-dum’/-ne=Telomni. ,
Tadusac, Tadussékuk=Tadousac.
Ta-ee-tee-tan=Tihittan.
Tae-keo-ge=—Tuskegee.
Taencas—Taensa.
Taensapaoas=Tangibao.
Taensos, Taenzas=Taensa.
Tafique=Tajique.
Tagago—Teguayo.
Tagahosh=Nestucca.
Tagas=Taikus.
Tageque=Tajique.
Ta-ge-uing-ge, Tage-unge—Galisteo.
Taghiaratzoriamute=Togiaratsorik.
Tagique=Tajique.
Tagna—Tewa.
Tagnos=Tano.
Tagoanate=Taguanate.
TA-AH-TENS—TAITCEDA WI
[B. A. B.
Tagochsanagechti= Onondaga (vil.).
Taguacana, Taguacanes=Tawakonl.
Taguace, Taguaias=Tawehash.
Taguaio—Teguayo. :
Taguais, Taguallas, Taguayares, Taguayas, Ta-
guayazes, Taguayces, Taguayes, Taguayos=
Tawehash.
Tagui—Kiowa Apache.
Tagukerésh= Apache.
Tagukerish= Kiowa Apache.
Taguna=Laguna.
Tagus=Taikus.
Tagutakaka—Taguta.
Tagwa—Catawba.
Tahagmyut=Tahagmiut.
Tahahteens—Tatlatunne.
Ta-hail-la, Ta-hail-ta=Tlelding.
Tahalasochte=Talahassee.
Ta/hana=Ute.
Tahanas, Tahanos=Tano.
Tahasse=Tawsee.
Tahaten=Tatlatunne.
Ta’hba= Maricopa, Papago.
Tali¢a-pa=Takhchapa.
Tah’/-che=Tadji.
Tah-chunk wash taa=Oyateshicha.
Tahco=Taku.
Tahculi, Tah-cully=Takulli.
Tah-cul-tus=Lekwiltok.
Tahekie, Tahelie=Takulli.
Tahensa=Taensa.
Tahiannihoug=Kannehouan.
Ta-hi-cha-pa-han-na, Ta-hichp’=Kawaiisu.
Tahkali, Tahkallies=Takulli.
Tahk-heesh=Tagish.
Tah-khl, Tahkoli=Takulli.
Tah’ko-tin’/neh=Takutine.
Tah-le-wah=Tolowa.
Ta ‘hli/mnin= Navaho.
Tah-lum-ne=Telomni.
Tahogale, Tahogalewi= Yuchi.
Tahohyahtaydootah=Kapozha.
Tahokias=Cahokia.
Tahontaenrat—Tohontaenrat.
Tahos=Taos. :
Tahsagrondie, Tahsahgrondie= Tiosahrondion.
Tah sau gaa=Tasagi’s Band.
Tahse=Talasse.
Tah-se-pah=Tushepaw.
Tahtl-shin=Talal.
Tahtoos=Huchnom.
Tahuacana, Tahuacane, Tahuacano, Tahuacany,
Tahvaconi=Tawakoni.
Tahuaias, Tahuallaus, Tahuaya, Tahuayace, Tahua-
ae Tahuayas, Tahuayase, Tahuayases=Tawe-
ash.
Tahuglank, Tahuglucks=Tahuglauk.
Tahuha-yuta=Takhuhayuta.
Ta-hu’-ka-ni/=Tawakoni,
Tahulauk=Tahuglauk.
Tahwaccaro, Tah-wac-car-ro, Tahwaccona, Tahwac-
corroe, Tah-wae-carras, Tah-wah-ca-roo, Tah-wah-
carro, Tahwaklero=Tawakoni.
Tahwei=Tagui.
Ta’-ia=Nutria.
Taiahounhins= Aleut.
Ta’-ia-kwe=Nutria.
Tai’-aq=Tyigh.
Tai’-chi-da=Taisida.
Ta-ide= Pueblos.
Taigas—Texas.
Tai-ga-tah=Taos.
Taighs, Ta-ih—Tyigh.
Taiina, Taiinamu=Taos.
Taijas—Texas.
Tai-kie-a-pain=Taitinapam.
Taikishi=Taikus.
Tai-lin-ches=Talinchi.
Taimamares=Tumamar.
Tain-gees-ah-tsa=Tengoratsekutchin.
Tain-gees-ah-tsah=Tangesatsa.
Ta i/niyk‘aci"’"a=Tadhaghu.
Tainin= Pueblos.
Tainkoyo=Nishinam.
Tai’otl 1a/nas=Daiyuahl-lanas,
Taioux=Texas.
Tairtla—Tyigh.
Taitcedawi=Taisida.
~~ Cay ee eee
~~ = en A ee ee ee ee
BULL. 30] i
Tai-tim-pans, Tai-tin-a-pam, Tait-inapum, Taitini-
pans=Taitinapam.
Taitsick-Kutchin=Tangesatsa.
Tai-tzo-gai=Tesuque.
Taiu-gees-ah-tsah=Tangesatsa.
Tai-wa= Pueblos.
Tai/ya=Nutria.
Tai-ya-yan’-o-khotan’/a—Taiyanyanokhotana.
Ta-jua=—Tawa. :
Takadhé=Tukkuthkutchin.
Takahagane=Ontwaganha.
Takahli=Takulli.
Takaiaksa=Takuaiak.
Takai’-yakho-tan’a—Jugelnute.
Takajaksen=Takaiak.
Takali, Takalli=Takulli.
Takama= Yakima.
Takapo ishak=Attacapa.
Takapsintona, Takapsin-tonwanna—Takapsinton-
wanna.
Takas=Taku.
Ta-yas’-i-tce’-qwit—Takasichekhwut.
Takastina—Takestina.
Takawaro=Tawakoni.
Takaz=Tukkuthkutchin.
Tax¢éska utsi’ upcé’/=Takdheskautsiupshe.
Ta-ké¢l’-tin yin’-né=Turghestltsatun.
Takelly, Ta-Kej-ne=Takulli.
Takensa=Taensa.
Ta-késcl’-tsa te’-ne=Turghestltsatun.
Takha-yuna= Aleut.
Takhe=Taos.
Takhtam=Serranos.
Takikatagamute, Takiketagamute=Takiketak.
Takilma=Takelma.
TakimiLdin=Takimilding.
Ta-kit kutchin=Tatlitkutchin.
T’akkwel-ottineé=Takiwelottine.
Takla-uedi= Daktlawedi.
Tako, Takon=Taku.
Takon Indians=Nuklako.
Takoos=Taku.
Ta-koos-oo-ti-na=Takutine.
Takopepeshene=Pineshow.
Takoulguehronnons—Conestoga.
Takshagemut=Takshak.
Taksomut, Taksomute=Takchuk.
Tak-ssi-kan—Tuxican.
Taksumut=Takchuk.
Taktchag-miout=Takshak.
Taktén-tan=Takdentan.
Taktla-uedi=Daktlawedi.
Taktschagmjut=Takshak.
Taku=Takutine.
Ta/k»ane/di=Takwanedi.
Taku-kon=Taku.
Ta-kul-i=Takulli.
Taqu-qwan=Taku.
Ta-ki‘rth=Tukkuthkutchin.
Ta-Kutchi= Eskimo.
Ta-kuth Kutchin=Tukkuthkutchin.
Takutsskoe=Taku.
Tak‘yaiuna-kwe=Takya.
Talabouches, Talabouchi=Talapoosa.
Talac=Talak.
Taladigi=Taladega.
Talagans=Cherokee.
Talahasochte=Talahassee.
Talamatan, Talamatun=Huron.
Talangamanae=Khemnichan.
Talani=Talaniyi.
Talantui=Talatui.
Ta-la-ottine=Chintagottine.
Talapenches, Talapoashas, Talapoosas, Talapouche,
Talapousses, Talapus=Talapoosa.
Talarénos=Tulareios.
Ta‘lasi’, Talassee=Tahlasi.
Talassee=Talasse.
Talatigi=Taladega.
Talawa=Tolowa.
Talchedon, Talchedums=Alchedoma.
Tal-ches=Tachi.
Talch-kuédi=Tahlkoedi.
Talcotin=Tautin.
Talegans, Talegawes=Cherokee.
Talehanas, Talehouyana=Hotalihuyana.
Talémaya=Tututni.
Taleomy=Talio.
Talepoosas=Talapoosa.
TAI-TIM-PANS—TAMALES
i
1149
Tal-e-see, Talessy Petit—Talasse.
_Talesta=Tatesta.
Tal-hush-to-ny=Mulluk.
Tali, Talicies=Talasse.
Talicomish=Talio.
Taliepatava=Taliepataua.
Talikwa=Tellico.
Talimachusy, Talimuchusy=Tallimuchasi.
Talinches=Talinchi.
Talio’mH=Talio.
Talipuges=Talapoosa.
Talis, Talise, Talisees, Talisi, Talisse—Talasse.
Talkoaten, Talkotin—Tautin.
Talkpolis=Takulli.
Talla=Tala..
Tallabutes=Talapoosa.
Talladega=Taladega.
Tallagewy=Cherokee.
Tallahdski—Seminole.
Tallahassa=Talahassee.
Tallahasse=Talassehatchi.
Tallahassee=Talahassee, Talasse.
Talla-Hogan, Talla-hogandi=Awatobi.
Tallapoosa=Talapoosa.
Tallase=Tahlasi.
Tallase=Talasse, Talassehatchi.
Tallasee=Talasse.
Tal la se hatch ee, Tallasschassee=Talassehatchi.
Tallassee, Tallassie=Talasse.
Tallatown=Tala.
Tal-lau-gue chapco pop-cau=Taluachapkoapopka.
Tallawa Thlucco= Apalachicola.
Talledega=Taladega.
Tallegwi—Cherokee.
Tallehassas=Talahassee.
Tallenches=Talinchi.
Tallesee Hatchu=Talassehatchi.
Tallesees, Tallessees=Talasse.
Talle-whe-anas= Hotalihuyana.
Tal’-le-wit-sus= Waco.
Tallibooses, Tallibousies=Talapoosa,
Talliget, Talligewi—Cherokee.
Tallignamay, Talliguamais, Talliguamayque, Tal-
liguamays=Quigyuma.
Talliké—Cherokee.
Tallimuchase=Talimuchasi.
Tall-in-chee, Tal-lin-ches=Talinchi.
Tallion=Talio.
Tallion Nation=Bellacoola.
Tallise, Tallisee, Tallises=Talasse.
Tallium=Talio.
Tallmachusse=Taluamutchasi.
Tal-lo-wau= Apalachicola.
Tal-lo-wau mu-chos-see=Taluamutchasi.
Tal-lo-wau thluc-co=Apalachicola.
Tallpoosas=Talapoosa.
Talltectan=Tahltan.
Talluches=Talinchi.
Tallushatches, Tallusthatches=Talassehatchi.
Tally-hogan=A watobi.
Talmachuesa, Talmachusee, Talmachuson, Talma-
chussa, Talmachussee=Taluamutchasi.
Tal’-ma-mi’-tce=Talmamiche.
Talmotchasi=Talimuchasi.
Talonapi—Talonapin.
Talotlafia taina=Talohlafia.
Tatqoe’di, Tal-qua-tee=Tahlkoedi,
Talsi=Tulsa.
Tal-sote’-e-na=Tatsanottine.
Tal’-tac yinné=Taltushtuntude.
Taltotin=Tautin.
T’altsan Ottiné=Tatsanottine.
Tal’-t‘tic-tin ta/-de=Taltushtuntude
Talu=Talahi.
Talua‘lako=Apalachicola.
Taluits=Talio.
Talula’=Tallulah.
Ta-lum-nes=Telamni.
Talusas=Taensa.
Ta-lu-wa=Tolowa.
Talvoi=Walpi.
Taly=Talasse.
Talyan—Tahltan.
Tamachola=Tamazula.
Tamahle=Tamaili.
Tamaicas=Timucua.
Tamaiya=Santa Ana.
Tamajabs= Mohave.
Tamales=Tamal.
1150
Tamalgi=Itamalgi.
Tama’li=Tamahli.
Tamallos, Tamals=Tamal.
Tamankamyam=Serranos.
Tamarais, Tamarcas, Tamarohas. Tamarois, Tama-
rojas, Tamaronas, Tamarones, Tamaronos, Tama-
roras, Tamaroua, Tamarouha, Tamarous=Tama-
roa.
Tamasabes, Tamasabs= Mohave.
Tamasqueac=Tramasqueac.
Tamatles=Tamali.
Tamawas=Tamaroa.
Tamaya, Ta-ma-ya=Santa Ana.
Tamayaca=7Tawehash.
Tambeché=Tombigbee.
Tamecongh=Tinicum.
Tames=Jemez.
Tamescamengs=Temiscaming.
Ta-me’-tah=Tamali.
Tami=Tano.
Tamicongh=Tinicum.
Tamiquis=Tamique.
Tamitzopa=Tamichopa.
Tamlocklock=Tamuleko.
Tammalanos=Tamal.
Tammasees= Yamasee.
Tamole’cas, Ta-mo-lé-ka=Tamuleko.
Tamoria, Tamorois=Tamaroa.
Tamos= Pecos.
Tamotchala=Tamazula.
Tamothle=Tamahli.
Tamoucougoula=Avoyelles.
Tampacuases=Karankawa.
Tamp-Pah-Utes= Yampa.
Ta-mul’-kee=Itamalgi.
Tamy, Tamya=Santa Ana.
’ Ta-nah-wee=Tenawa.
Tanai=Athapascan Family.
Tanakhothaiak, Tanakhotkhaik=Tanakot.
Ta-nak-tench, Ta-nak-teuk=Tenaktak.
Tanana, Tananatana, Tanan-Kuttchin=Tenanku-
tehin.
Tanasi= Tennessee.
Ta-na-tiu-ne= Kawchodinne.
Ta-na-tsi/-ka—Tanetsukanumanke.
Ta/nawunda= Tonawanda.
Tan-a-ya=Santa Ana.
Tancaguas, Tancagueis, Tancagues, Tancaguez,
Tancaguies, Tancahua, Tancahues, Tancahuos,
Tancamas=Tonkawa.
Tancames=Tacame.
Tancanes, Tancaouay, Tancaoves, Tancaoye, Tan-
cards=Tonkawa.
Tancaro=Tawakoni.
Tancases, Tancavéys= Tonkawa.
Tanchebatchee= Tukabatchi.
Tanchipahoe=Tangibao.
Tanol/-tac yinné=Taltushtuntude.
Tancoways=Tonkawa.
Tand¢a" tan’ya e/nikaci’ya—Tangdhangtankae-
nikashika.
Ta’-ne=Dyani.
Tane=Tanyi.
Tanéks a*ya= Biloxi.
Tanessee=Tawasa.
Tanewa-Comanches, Tanewahs=Tenawa.
Tanga’c, Tangasskoe=Tongas.
Tangeboas, Tangibac, Tangibao, Tangibaoas, Tan-
gibaos, Tan’gipaha’, Tangipahos, Tangipaos=
Tangipahoa. :
ca pene, Tani/banénina, Tani’batha= Kadohada-
cho.
Tanico=Tunica.
Tanignagmjut=Liesnoi.
Taniguag—= Aleksashkina,
Ta nika-shing-ga— Hangatanga.
Tanik8a, Tanikwa—Tunica.
Taniquo=Tanico.
Ta-nish=Arikara.
Taniyumu’h= Paviotso.
Tanjibao—Tangibao.
Tan’-ka-wa, Tankaway=Tonkawa.
Tank-heesh=Tagish.
Tanko=Nishinam.
Tanko Indian, Tanks=Tonkawa.
Tankum=Tanko.
‘Tan-nah-shis-en=Jicarilla.
Tannai=Athapascan Family.
Tanna-Kutchi=Tenankutchin,
TAMALGI—T!AQ°Q!AQA-AN [B.
A. E.
Tannockes=Bannock.
Tannontatez=Tionontati.
T’and’=Kloo.
Tano=Hano.
Tanochioragon=Deyodeshot.
Ta-noch-tench, Ta-nock-teuch=Tenaktak.
Tanoi=Hano.
Tanonan=Tanoan Family.
Ta-non Kutchin=Tenankutchin.
Tanoo=K1loo.
Tanoque=Galisteo.
Tanoquevi, Tanoquibi= Hano.
Tanos=Hano, Pecos, Tano.
Tanquaay=Tonkawa.
Tanquinno=Tanico.
Tansawhot-dinneh=Tatsanottine.
Tansi=Tennessee.
Tansipaho—Tangibao.
Tanta hade=Tongas.
Tantawait, Ta’n-tawats=Chemehuevi.
Ta-tdo/a=Tan.
Tantin=Tautin.
Tantos=Tontos,
Tan-towa=Tan.
Tantsanhoot, Tantsa-ut’dtinné, Tantsawhoot, Tant-
sawhot-dinneh, Tan-tsawot-dinni=Tatsanottine.
Tanu Haade=K1loo. 1
Tan-uh-tuh=Tenaktak.
Ta-nun kitch-n=Tenankutchin.
Tanus=Hano.
a" wa’-k’a wa-ya/-xe=Tanwakanwakaghe.
Ta® wat oinya—Tanwanshinka,
Ta®wa"-jiya—Tongigua.
Tan’wa" ya/xe=Tsishuwashtake.
Ta*wa"-zhika=Tongigua.
Tanxnitanians, Tanxsnitania—Tanxnitania.
Tanyi hanutsh=Tanyi.
Tao=Taos.
Taoapa=Tapa.
Taobaianes, Taobayace, Taobayais, Taobayases=
Tawehash.
Taogarias, Taogria=Ontwaganha.
Taol na’as xa/da-i=Taol-naas-hadai.
Taopi’s band=Farmers’ Band.
Taoros, Taosans, Taosas, Taoses, Taosij=—Taos.
Taos Indians= Moache.
Taosis, Taosites, Taosy=Taos.
Taos Yutas=Moache.
Ta-otin=Tautin.
Taouacacana=Tawakoni.
Taouachas=Tawasa.
Taouayaches, Taouayas=Tawehash.
Taoucanes=Tawakoni,
Taovayaiaces, Taovayases=Tawehash.
Taowa=Tewa.
Ta-o-ya-te-du-ta=Kapozha.
Tao Yutas=Moache.
Tap=Tabo.
Tapage=Pitahauerat.
Tapahanock=Quioucohanoe.
Tapahowerat, Tapaje=Pitahauerat.
Tapakdgi= Klamath.
Tapanses=Tappan.
Ta-pa-taj-je=Tapa.
Tapguchas=Taposa.
Taphulgee=A ttapulgas.
Tapicletca=Tapishlecha.
Tapiel—Japul.
Tapisle¢a=Tapishlecha.
Tapkhak=Taapkuk.
Tapkhakgmut=Tapkachmiut.
Tapkhamikhuagmut=Topanika.
Ta’-po-cka=Tapothka.
Tapoctoughs=Tenaktak.
Tapoosas, Tapouchas, Tapousas, Tapousoas, Tapous-
sas, Tapowsas=Taposa.
Tappa=Pitahauerat.
Tappaan, Tappaanes, Tappaen—Tappan.
Tappage, Tappage Pawnee=Pitahauerat,
Tapparies Comanches=Ditsakana.
Tappaye Pawnee=Pitahauerat.
Tappen, Tappensees, Tappents=Tappan,
Tiaqo=Taku.
Ta-qai/-ya=Takhaiya.
T!a’qdentan=Takdentan.
Ta’qdjik-an=Tuxican,
Taqestina’=Takestina.
T!aqog!aqa-n=Takokakaan,
:
|
.
thon
en ak,
BULL. 30]
Ta-qta=Choctaw.
Taqtci=Takhchi.
aati ki A"pa" ony eer mn ne ee
aquha-yuta=Takhuhayuta.
Taqui=Tagui.
Taquitzata=Ratontita.
Ta-qu’-quc-cé=Tututni.
Taracari=Tareque.
Taracone=Faraon.
Taracton, Taractou=Catskill.
Tarahumara, Tarahumari=Tarahumare.
Taraktons=Catskill.
Taral=Toral.
Tarancahuases=Karankawa.
Taranteens=A bnaki.
Taraones=Faraon.
Tarateens=A bnaki.
Taraumar, Taraumares=Tarahumare.
Tar-co-eh-parch, Tar-co-eh-parh=Takhchapa.
Tareguano=Tarequano.
Tarenteens, Tarentines, Tarentins=Abnaki.
Tapeopmeut=Kopagmiut.
Tarhetown=Cranetown
Tarimari=Tarahumare.
Tarkens, Tarkoo=Taku.
Taromari=Tarahumare,
Taros= Yavapai.
Tarpkarzoomete=Taapkuk.
Tarracones=Faraon.
Tarra-lumanes=Tawehash.
Tarraktons=Catskill.
Tarranteeris, Tarrantens, Tarrantines, Tarrateens,
Tarratines, Tarratins, Tarrenteenes, Tarrenteens,
Tarrentens, Tarrentines=Abnaki.
Tarreor-meut=Kopagmiut.
Tarruraw=Tallulah.
Tartanee=Dadens.
Taruararas=Tarahumare.
Taruraw=Talluiah.
Tarwarsa, Tarwassaw=Tawasa.
Ta-rxe’-li-i-tce’ yanné’, T’a-rxi’-lii tcét' yanné’/=
Targhiliitshettunne.
T'a-rxi’-li-i’ yanné=Chetlesiyetunne.
Ta-rxi"’-‘a-a/-tin=Targhinaatun.
Ta/-rxit-t’co yinne=Targhutthotunne.
Tasamewé= Navaho.
Ta-sa-in= Hopi.
Tascalifa, Tascaluca=Tascalusa.
Tascorins, Tascororins=Tuscarora.
Tasculuza=Tascalusa.
Tascuroreus=Tuscarora.
Tashash= Kadohadacho.
Ta-sha-va-ma= Navaho.
Tashees=Tasis.
Tash-é-pa—Tushepaw.
Tash-gatze=Tashkatze.
Tashi= Mescaleros.
Tashin=Apache, Kiowa Apache.
Tashi/né—Jicarilla.
Tashtye’=Tawshtye.
Tash-Yuta=Moache.
Ta-si/n-da=Tesinde.
Ta sindje ie. a Hangatanga.
Taskaho, T‘as-ka-lé-le‘n’,. Taskalénugi, Taskarorens,
Taskarosins= Tuscarora.
Taskegee = Tuskegee.
Taskigi=Tuskegee.
Ta ‘skigi’yi=Taskigi.
Taskikis= Tuskegee.
Taskiroras, Taskororins, Tasks=Tuscarora.
Tas la’nas, Tas Lennas=Tadji-lanas.
Tasmamares=Tumamar.
Tasnaheéa=Tashnahecha.
Tasne=Knaiakhotana.
Tasquiqui= Tuskegee.
Tassautessus=Chickahominy.
Tassenocogoula, Tassenogoula—Avoyelles.
Tassetchie=Tasetsi.
Tassey=Toosey.
Tassiussak=Tasiusak.
Tastaluga=Tascalusa.
Tastasagonia—Taztasagonies,
Ta/-sun-ma’ junné=Talsunme.
Taszaluza—=Tascalusa.
Tatamitka—Takamitka.
Tatanchaks, Tatancha - kutchin,
Kutchin=Tutchonekutchin.
Tatayka cesli, Tatanka-tcesli=Tatankachesli,
Tatanchoh-
TA-QTA—TAWASSA
1151
Tatarabueyes=Tawehash.
Ta-ta-ten=Tatlatiunne.
Tatatna=Tututni. *
Tatayahukli=Tutalosi.
Tatayojai= Mataguay.
Ta-t’ca’-tun=Tatlatunne,
Tatché, Tatchees=Tachi.
Tatchek=Tachik.
Ta-tci’-qwit, Ta-tci’-qwit-me, Ta-tci’ te’-ne=Ta-
chikhwutme.
T’a/-tcu-qas-li’-tin=Tatshukhaslitun.
Ta-tct-wit'’’=Tachuwit.
Ta-tdo’a=Ta.
Tate’ Ikia=San Andrés Coamiata.
T’a’t’Entsait—Ialostimot.
Tate Platt—Tushepaw.
Ta-te-psin=Kiyuksa.
T’a’/teqe—Tateke.
Tateras=Tutelo.
Tates=Tait.
Tathzey-Kutchi, Tathzey-Kutshi=Trotsikkutchin.
Tatikhlek, Tatitlack, Tatitlak—Tatitlek.
Tatkannai=Takini.
Tatla—Tatlatan.
Tatliakhtana=—Chugachigmiut.
Tatloulgees= Hlahlokalka.
Tatouche=Makah, Tatooche.
Ta-towa=Ta.
Ta-tqlaq/-tin ytin’/-né, Ta-t’qla’-tin=Tatlatunne.
Tatqu’/nma=Soyennow.
Tatsah-Kutchin=Tatsakutchin.
Tatschigmut, Tatschigmuten=Unaligmiut.
Ta-tseh kutch-in’=Tatsakutchin.
Tajse inihk‘aci*”’a=Kanse.
Tatsepa=Tushepaw.
Ta ts’eye=Tayachazhi.
Tatshiantin, Tatshikotin—Tatshiautin.
T’attsan-ottine=Tatsanottine.
Ta-tu=Huchnom. ;
Ta-tze=San Marcos.
Tatzei-Kutshi=Trotsikkutchin.
Tauchebatchee=Tukabatchi.
Taucos=Hano, Tewa.
Taughtanakagnet—Taconnet.
Taugwik=Paugwik.
Ta-ui=Taos.
Taukaways=Tonkawa.
Taukies=Sauk.
Taulasse Viejo—Talasse.
Taupanica—Topanika.
Ta-uth=Taos.
Tauthlacotchcau=Hlekatchka.
Tau-tsawot-dinni=Tatsanottine.
Tatweash=Tawehash.
Taux= Nanticoke.
Tauxanias, Tauxilnanians=Tanxnitania.
Tauxinentes=Tauxenent.
Tauxitanians, Tauxsintania, Tauxuntania—Tanx-
nitania.
Tavaiases, Tavaiazes=Tawehash.
Tavakavas=Tawakoni.
Tavaroas=Tamaroa.
Tavayas=Tawehash.
Tavewachi, Taviachis=Tabeguache.
Tavira=Tabira.
Tavo=Tabo.
Tavoayases=Tawehash.
Tavossi=Tawasa.
Tavoyaces=Tawehash.
Tawaa=Ottawa.
Ta-wac—Tawash.
Tawacairoe, Tawacamis, Tawacani, Tawacanie, Ta-
wa-ca-ro, Tawacarro, Tawaccaras, Tawaccomo,
Tawaccoroe=Tawakoni.
Tawachguano= Nanticoke.
Tawackanie=Tawakoni.
Tawackguano= Nanticoke.
Tawaconie=Tawakoni.
Ta-wai-hash, Tawai’-hias=Tawehash.
Tawakal, Tawakanas, Tawakanay, Tawakany, Ta-
wa-ka-ro, Tawakaros, Tawakenoe, Tawakones=Ta,-
wakoni.
Tawaktenk=Tenaktak.
Tawalemnes=Tuolumne.
Tawanis= Yowani.
Tawaréka=Tawakoni.
Tawas—Ottawa, Tewa,
Tawassa—Tawasa,
1152
Tawatawas, Tawatawee= Miami.
Tawawag, Tawawog=Nameaug.
Tawaws, Taways=Ottawa.
Tawcullies=Takulli.
Tawe/nikaci‘ya=Tawenikashika.
Ta’/-wi-gi=Santo Domingo.
T4-wis’-ta-wis= Dooesedoowe.
Tawitskash= Kadohadacho.
Tawixtawes, Tawixti= Miami.
Tawixtwi= Miami, Pickawillanee.
Tawkamee=Toktakamai.
Ta Wolh=Taos.
Taw-wassa=Tawasa.
Taw-wa-tin=Tautin.
Taw-weeahs=Tawehash.
Taxawaw=Toxaway.
Taxé=Taos.
Taxejuna= Aleut.
Tayelh=Takulli.
Taxemna= Aleut.
Taxenent=Tauxenent.
Taxique=—Tajique.
Taykahe=Apache.
Taykoli=Takulli.
Taxpa= Papago.
Tay-ab-Muck=Tzauamuk.
Tayachquans=Nanticoke.
Tayas—Texas.
Ta yatcaji—Tayachazhi.
Tayberon=Taos.
Taynayan=Santa Barbara.
Tayoga=Tioga.
Tayos=Hainai, Toho.
Tayosap=Tuhezep.
Tay-tet-lek—Tatitlek.
Tayude=Isleta.
Tayunchoneyu= Yoroonwago.
Tay-wah, Tay-waugh=Tewa.
Taze-char, Taze-par-war-nee-cha=Sans Arcs.
Tbutama=Tubutama.
Tc!a’at la’‘nas=Chaahl, Chaahl-lanas.
Tca’ i-ki’/-ka-ra/-tca-da=Chaikikarachada.
Tcaizra winwi, Tcai’-zri-sa wun-wui=Chaizra.
Tc!ak!=Chak.
Tca-ka’/-né>, Tcd-ka’-nha’=Delaware.
Tcakqai=Chakkai.
Tca/-kwai-na=Chakwaina.
Tca/-kwai-na nyi-mti=Asa.
Tcakwaina winwu=Chakwaina.
Tcakwaya’/lxam=Chakwayalham.
Tca-la-cuc=Chalosas.
Tcala-itgElit=Chalaitgelit.
Tcalke=Cherokee.
Tca'lkunts=Chalkunts.
Tcami’=Chaui.
Tcanka-oga"=Chankaokhan.
Tca"-kaxa-otina=Chankaghaotina.
Tca»-kute=Chankute.
Tca"-ona= Wazikute.
Tcants=Chants.
Tca‘ olgaqasdi=Chaolgakhasdi.
Tcapokele=Chapokele.
Rowse’ a-ya-di’, Tca-qta’-ha®-ya’, Tca-ta’=Choc-
aw.
Tcatci’ni=Chatcheeni.
Tca’/tcoHil=Schachuhil.
Tcatrletc=Chatelech.
Tcats xa’da-i=Chats-hadai.
Tca/tua—Chetawe.
Tcawa/gis stasta’-i= Chawagis-stustae.
Tcawa/xamux=Nicola Band.
Tcawi=Chaui.
Tcaxu=Chagu.
Tc’ Eca/atq= Nootka.
Tce-d’i’-té-ne’=Chetco.
Tcedtnga—Chedunga.
Tceewadigi, Tceewage=Tsawarii.
Tcegnake-okisela=Chegnakeokisela.
Tce’/iam=Cheam.
Tce’ i-ki’-ka-ra’-tca-da=Cheikikarachada.
Tce indegotdin—Cheindekhotding.
Toexiwere—Chiwere.
Tceko’altc=Chekoalch.
Tce’-li=Cheli.
Tcé'-mé, Tce-me’ téne’, Tcé-me’ yinné=Cheme-
tunne.
Tc’é/nate’aath=Chenachaath.
Tcontsithal’a=Chentsithala.
TAWATAWAS—TCHESHTALALGI
[B. A. B.
Tce-oqba=Cheokhba.
Tce p’o-cke yin’-e=Cheposhkeyine.
Tceq-huha-to>=Chekhuhaton.
Tcerokiéco—Cherokee.
Tc’és-elt’ic’-tin= Chesthltishtun,
Tc’és-qan’-me=Echulit.
Tcé’/tawe=Chetawe.
Tcetcé’/Imen=Chetchelmen.
Tcétcilg@ok—Chechilkok.
Tcé’-yi=Chetco. :
Tcéti namu=Tcheti.
Tcé’-3i yan-né’=Chetco.
Tcét-lés’-i-ye’ yinné’=Chetlesiyetunne.
Tcét-lés’-tcan yin’/né=Chetleschantunne.
Tce-3o’qa»/-ye=Chedtokhanye.
Tce-jo yin’-e=Chedtoyine.
Tcéts=Chets.
Tcé’tstles—Skaiametl.
Tcét-tan/-né=Chettane,
Tcét-tan’ ne’-ne=Chettannene.
Tcé’ yuinné=Coos.
Tce-tut’ yanné=Chetuttunne.
qeebe We Gueee
Tcewadi=Tsawarii.
Tcé’was=Chewas.
Tce’-xi-ta—Cheghita.
Tcexu’lin=Cheghulin.
Tce yin’-ye=Cheyinye.
Tchactas=Choctaw.
Tcha ginduefte-i=Chagindueftei.
Tchagvagtchatchachat—Chagvagchat.
Tcha helim=Chahelim.
Tchahiksi-tcahiks= Pawnee.
Tchaimuth=Chaik.
Tchai-noh=Tsano.
Tchakankni=Chakankni.
Tchakawetch=Chakawech.
Tcha’kéle Tsiwish =Chakeletsiwish.
Tchakenikni=Chakankni.
Tchakh-toligmiouth=Shaktoligmiut.
Tchaktchan=Chickasaw.
Tcha kutpaliu=—Chakutpaliu.
Tchalabones=Cholovone.
Tcha lal=Chalal.
Tcha lawai—Chalawai.
Tcha ma’/mpit=Chamampit.
Tcha mifu amim, Tch’ammifu=Chamifu.
Tch’ammiwi=Chamiwi.
Tch’ampiklé ami’/m=Champikle.
Tchandjoeri-Kuttchin=Tangesatsa.
Tchanka/ya=Tonkawa.
Tcha ntcha/mpénau amim=Chanchampenau.,
Tchan-tchantu amim=Chanchantu.
Tchan tkai’/p=Chantkaip.
Tchaouachas=Chaouacha.
Tchaoumas=Chakchiuma.
Tcha panaytin=Chapanaghtin.
Tcha pu/ngathpi=Chapungathpi.
Tch atagil=Chatagihl.
Tcha tagshish =Chatagshish.
Tch atakuin=Chatakuin.
Tcha tamnei=Chatamnei.
Tchatchakigoa= Atchatchakangouen.
Tchatchakigouas= Kaskaskia.
Tchatchaking=Atchatchakangouen. 5
Tcha tchambit mantchal=Chachambitmanchal.
Tcha tchannim=Chachanim.
Tcha-tchemewa=Chachemewa.
Tch’atchif=Chachif.
Tcha tchimmahi’/yuk=Chachimahiyuk.
Tcha tchmewa=Chachimewa.
Tcha tchokuith=Chachok with.
Tcha tilkuei=Chatilkuei.
Tchattaouchi=Chattahoochee,
Tcha wayé/d=Chawayed.
Tcha-wé=Chaui.
Tcha wulktit=—Chawulktit.
Tchaykilako=Chakihlako.
Tchayxla/tyksh=Upper Chinook.
Tchaystkush=Nez Percés.
Tcha yakon amim=Yaquina.
Tcha-yamel amim= Yamel.
Tch’ Ayanké/ld= Yonkalla.
Tcha yaxo amim=Alsea.
Tche-a-nook—Cheerno.
Tcheheles=Chehalis.
T’cheh-nits=Chinits.
Tchelouits—Tlakluit.
Tchéshtalalgi= Potawatomi.
BULL. 30]
Tchétin namu—Tcheti.
Tche-wassan=Sewathen.
Tchiactas—Choctaw.
Tchiaysokush= Ponca.
Tchibaique—Sebaik.
Tchicachae=Chickasawhay.
Tchicachas=Chickasaw.
Tchi-cargut-ko-tan=Nuklako.
Tchiduakouwingoiies, Tchiduakouongues=Atchatch-
akangouen.
Tchiechrone= Eskimo.
Tchiglit=Kopagmiut.
Tchi-ha-hui-pah=Isleta.
Tchihogasat= Maricopa.
Tchikachaé=Chickasawhay.
Tchikasa—Chickasaw.
Tchikemaha=Chitimacha.
Tchikeylis—Chehalis.
Tchi-kin’=Pinalefios.
Tchilcat—Chilkat.
Tchilkoten=Tsilkotin.
Tchilouit=Tlakluit.
Tchinik, Tchinimuth=Chinik.
Tchinooks, Tchi‘nouks, Tchinoux=Chinook.
Tchin-t’a-gottiné=Chintagottine.
Tch’ intchal=Chinchal.
Tchin-tpa-Gottine—Chintagottine.
Tchioukakmioute=Chiukak.
Tchipan-Tchick-Tchick=Chippanchickchick.
Tchipwayanawok=Chipewyan.
Tchishe Kwe=Tontos, Tulkepaia.
Tchishi dinné=Chiricahua.
Tchit-che-ah=Chitsa.
Tchitimachas—Chitimacha.
Tcho-ko-yem=Chokuyem, Moquelumnan Family.
Tcho-lo-lah=Chilula.
Tcholoones, Tcholovones=Cholovone.
Tchoofkwatam=Onavas.
Tchouchago—Tutago.
Tchouchouma=Chakchiuma.
Tchoueragak—Squawkihow.
Tchouktchi=Aglemiut.
Tchoupitoulas=Choupetoulas.
Tchoutymacha=Chitimacha,
Tcho’yopan=Choyopan.
Tch-queen=Sequim.
Tchrega=Tshirege.
Tch ta’githl—Chatagithl.
Tchu’hla=Chuhhla.
Tchuka ‘laéko—Chukahlako.
Tchukotalgi—Chukotalgi.
Tchila=Chula.
Tchupukanes=Chupcan.
Tchutpelit=Nez Percés.
Tcia’/kamic, Tciaqamic—Chiakamish.
Te’ib-io=Chubiyo.
Tciéck-rané=Eskimauan Family.
Teiglit=Kopagmiut.
Tcihaci==Kanze.
Tci haci»qtci= Tadzheunikashinga.
oi’-ink=Chiink.
ci’-i-3i=Chetco.
Tciju Wactage—Chizhuwashtage.
Tci’-ka-sa’=Chickasaw.
Tcik'au’ate=Chikauach.
Teikimisi=Tchikimisi.
Te’ilEQué’uk=Chilliwhack.
Toil-ki’-tik=Tthilkitik.
Tecimai’/=Chimai.
Tcim-muk-saite—Chimuksaich.
Toi’nat-li’ yinné’—Tthinatlitunne,
Tcingawuptuh=Ute.
Tei"ju=Chizhu.
Tcinlak=Chinlak.
Tcin-tat’ tene’=Chintagottine.
Tginuk—Chinook.
Tci-nuna-wun-wi=Chinunga,
Tcipiya=Tsipiakwe.
Tcipu=Chippewa.
Tcirue*-haka— Nottoway.
Tci’-sro win-wai=Chisro.
Tcitcilé’/Ek=Chichilek.
Tei’ tla-ta’mus—Chitlatamus.
Teitqua’ut=Okinagan.
Tcits-hets=Chehalis,
reba =Ch arene.
ckippewayan=Chipewyan.
Tck/ungée’/n= Gikuegen:
Tco-co=Choco.
3456—Bull. 30, pt 2—07-—73
TCHETIN NAMU——TECKAT KENNA
a
11538
Tcoka-towela—Chokatowela.
Tco’ko=Sarsi.
Tco’/maath—=Chomaath.
Tco/-na-ke-ra=Chonakera.
Tcon-o, Tcon wiin-wi—Chongyo.
Tco’-ro wiin-wi, Tcosro winwa—Chosro.
Teo0-wa’/-tce=Tthowache.
Tco/-zir=Chosro.
Teqe-k’qi=Nestucca.
TctEma’x=Nemah.
Tcu, Teu’-a, Tcii/-a nyi-mu—Chua.
Tcua’qamuq=Nicola Band.
Teu/-a-wun-wi=Chua.
Tcub’-i-yo wiin-wu=Chubiyo.
Tcubkwitcalobi=Chubkwichalobi.
Tc’uc/-ta-rxa-siit/-tin=Chushtarghasuttun.
Tcuin nyumu=Chua.
Teu’/-kai=Chukai, Nung.
Tcu’ kanedi=Chukanedi. se
Teuk-teuk’ts=Chukchukts.
Te’u-kukq’/=Chukukh.
Tcu-Kutchi=Tsitoklinotin.
Teul-li¢l’-ti-yu=Chulithltiyu.
Toul-tei’-qwit-me’ 4inné/=Thlulchikhwutme-
tunne.
Tcumac=Chumash.
Te’ i-na/-rxtit 4in’‘né=Chunarghuttunne.
Te’unoi/yana=Atsugewi.
Tcun-se’-tin-ne’-ta—Chunsetunneta.
Tectn-se/-tiin-ne’-tin—Chunsetunnetun,
Teiin-tea/-ta-a’ yinné—Chuntshataatunne.
Te’ i/-pite-n ‘u/-ckute=Chupichnushkuch.
Tou-qi’-3a=Thukhita.
Te’a-qu’-i-ya¢l’—Chukhuiyathl.
Te’ i-s-té’-rxut-min-ne’-tiin =Chushterghutmunne-
tun.
Tcit-lés-tcin
schantunne.
Te’lit/-lés-ye’ yainné’—Chetlesiyetunne.
Tciit/-tic-ctin-tcé=Chuttushshunche.
Tc!u/uga=Chuga.
Te’-wai-yok—Chwaiyok.
Tda’-bo=Tabo.
Tda’/-wa=Tawa.
Tda’/-wu=Tung.
Tdha-kke-Kuttchin, Tdha-Kouttchin,
tehin=Tukkuthkutchin.
Tdu’-wa=Tuwa.
Teachatzkennas=Ditsakana.
Teacuacitzica, Teacuacitzisti,
Teacuacueitzisti.
Teaga—Jeaga.
Teagans=Piegan.
Teago—Jeago.
Te-ah-ton-ta-lo’ga=Teatontaloga.
Teakawreahogeh= Mohawk.
Teakuaeitzizti=Teacuacueitzisti.
téne’, Te’ at-lés’-tein-3iin=Chetle-
Tdha-kut-
Teacuacueitzisca=
Teanansteixé, Teanaostaiaé, Teanaustaiae—Tea-
naustayae. . :
Teandeoulata, Teandeouihata, Teandewiata—To-
anche.
Teanosteaé=Teanaustayae.
Teao—Tohaha.
Teaogon= Tioga.
Tearemetes—Tehauremet.
Teates=Tait.
Teat Saws=Utsehta.
Téaytkni maklaks=Tyigh.
Tebas, Tebes=Tigua.
Teboaltac=Jeboaltae.
Te-bot-e-lob’-e-lay=Tubatulabal.
Tebunki, Tebvwaki=Tebugkihu.
Tecamenes, Tecamenez, Tecamones=Tacame,
Tecas=Texas.
Tecatacourou=Tacatacuru.
Te ¢eze gataji—Dtedhezedhatazhi, Dtesanhadtad-
hisham, Dtesinde.
Techahet=Sechi.
Techaquit, Te-cheh-quat=Tacshikhwutme,
Techek=Tachik.
Techichas=Chickasaw.
Techico de Guachi=Techicodeguachi.
Techloel= Natchez.
Téchoueguen—Oswego.
Techpamais= Papago.
Techpas= Pima.
Tecia—Tesia.
Teckat Kenna=Ditsakana.
1154
Tecolota—Tecolote.
Tecom:moni= Wanamakewajenenik,
Teconet—Taconnet.
Tecorichic=Rekorichic.
Tecorino=Tecoripa.
Tecos= Pecos.
Tecua=Tewa.
Tecuiche= Kawia.
Tedamni=Telamni.
Tedarighroones, Tedarrighroones=Tutelo.
Ted-Chath-Kennas, Tedchat-kenna=Ditsakana.
Tedderighroones=Tutelo.
Tede—Athapascan Family.
Tedexenos=Tejones.
Tedirighroonas=Tutelo.
Tee-atee-ogemut=Tiatiuk.
Teegaldenskoi=Tigalda.
Tee-kee-voga-meuts=Tikeramiut.
Tee-kee-zaht-meuts=Tikizat.
Teelalup—Tulalip.
Te énikaciya—Teenikashika.
Te-en-nen-hogh-huut=Seneca.
Teeshums=Tishum.
Teeskege=Taskigi.
Teet=Tait.
Teeticut=Titicut.
Teeton band, Teetonwan,
Tee-twawn=Teton.
Tee-wahn=Tigua.
Té-é-win-na=Hano.
Tefaknaghamiut=Tefaknak.
Teganatics=Tegninateo.
Tegaogen=Taiaiagon.
Tegarondies, Tegaronhies=Totiakton.
Tegas=Tewa.
Tegat-ha=Taos.
Tegazon=Taiaiagon.
Tegesta=Tequesta.
Tegique=Tajique.
Tegninaties=Tegninateo.
Tegoneas=Tegninateo.
Teguaco—Tehueco.
Teguaga, Teguai, Teguaio—Teguayo.
Teguales=Huhliwahli.
Teguas—Tewa.
Teguay, Teguayo Grande, Teguayoqué=Teguayo.
Tegueco—Tehueco.
Teguemapo=Tequemapo.
Teguerichic—Tehuerichic.
Teguesta=Tequesta.
Teguima=Opata.
Tégwas, Tehaas=Tewa.
Tehacoachas=Chaouacha.
Te-ha-hin Kutchin=Teahinkutchin.
Tehamas=Noamlaki.
Tehanin-Kutchin= Knaiakhotana.
Tehas=Texas.
Tehawrehogeh= Mohawk.
Téhawuten=Tehawut.
Téhayesatlu=A lsea.
Tehdakomit=Kiddekubbut.
Teheaman=Tacame.
Teheili=Takulli.
Tehenooks=Chinook.
Tehon=Tejon.
Te-hon-da-lo’-ga=Teatontaloga.
Tehoseroron=Dyosyowan.
Tehotirigh=Tutelo.
Tehoua=Puaray.
Tehownea-nyo-hunt=Seneca.
Tehua=Tejua, Tewa.
Tehuacanas=Tawakoni.
Tehuajo—Teguayo.
Tehuas—Tewa.
Tehuayo—Teguayo.
Téhuimas=Teguima.
Tehuiso—Tehuizo.
Tehur-lehogugh= Mohawk.
Tehutili=Tutelo.
Teh-wa=Hano.
Teiaiagon—Taiaiagon.
Téiaqgotcoe—Teiakhochoe.
Teias=Texas.
Teickibatiks=Tukabatchi.
Teightaquid—Titicut.
Teijaondoraghi= Michilimackinac,
Te‘o‘chanontian= Tiosahrondion.
Teipana=Teypana.
Teisa=Texas.
Teetwans, Teetwaun,
TECOLOTA—TENYE
[B. A.B,
Teit=—Tait.
Teixa—Texas.
Tejago—Teguayo.
Tejaiagon, Tejajahon—Taiaiagon.
Tejano—Coahuiltecan.
Tejanos, Tejas, Teji=Texas.
Te-jinga ¢gataji— Dtesinde.
Tejones—Tejon.
Tejos=Taos,
Tejuas=Tewa.
Tejugne=Tesuque.
Tejuneses=Tejon.
Tekan-terigtego-nes= Mohawk.
Tékapu= Kickapoo.
Té/‘kapwai=Penateka.
Tekeewaulees= Huhliwahli.
Tekesta=Tequesta.
Tekin=Skinpah.
Tekopa=Tsankupi.
Téekuedi=Tekoedi.
Té’-kwok-stai-e= Kik wistok.
Telam=Telamni.
Telamateno®?=Huron.,
Telamé=Telamni.
Telamene=Tehauremet.
Telamoteris=Telamni.
Telassee=Tahlasi.
Telematinos= Huron.
Tel-emnies, Té/-lum-ni—Telamni.
Telhoel=Natchez.
Telhuanas=Hotalihuyana,
Telhuemit=Tlakluit.
Te‘liémnim=Navaho.
Télknikni=Tyigh.
Tellassee=Tahlasi.
Tellihuana= Hotalihuyana,
Tellowe=Talahi.
Telluiana= Hotalihuyana.
Telmocresses=Taluamuchasi.
Temecule=Temecula.
Temeichic=Temechic.
Temeku=Temecula.
Temes, Temez=Jemez.
Temiscamins, Temiskaming, Temiskamink, Temis-
kamnik=Temiscaming.
TrE/mLtEmLEls=Temtltemtlels.
Temolikita=Guayabas.
Temorais, Temorias=Tamaroa.
Tem-pan-ah-gos=Timpaiavyats.
Temqué=Tesuque.
Tena=Tenu.
Te-na-ate—Tenate.
Tenacum=Tinicum.
Tenahna=Knaiakhotana.
Tenah’tah’—Tenaktak.
Te/nahwit—Tenawa.
Ténaina= Knaiakhotana.
Tenaoutoua=Nundawao.
TrEnagqtaq—Tenaktak.
Ten-a-wish=Tanima.,
T’Ena/xtax=Tenaktak.
Tendaganee’s village=Roche de Beeuf.
Tene=Athapascan Family.
Teneraca=Santiago Teneraca.
Tenewa=Tenawa.
Tenge-rat-sey, Teng-ratsey, Teng-rat-si—Tangesatsa.
Tenhuas=Tenawa.
Teniqueches=Serranos.
Tenisaws=Taensa.
Tenkahuas, Tenkanas—Tonkawa.
Tennai=Athapascan Family, Navaho.
Tennakong=Tinicum.
Tennan-kutchin, Tennan-tnu-kokhtana—Tenan-
kutchin,
Tennawas—Tenawa.
Tennis= Zuni.
Ten-penny Utahs=Timpaiavats.
Tensagini, Tensas, Tensau, Tensaw=Taensa.
Tensawattee—Cusawatee.
Tent=Noot.
Tented Pueblo= Hampasawan.
Tentilves=Tutelo.
Tenton, Ten-ton-ha, Tentouha=Teton.
Tentiai= Navaho.
Te-nuckt-tau=Tenaktak.
Tenuha=Tenawa.
Te-nuh’-tuh=Tenaktak. e
Tenuth, Ten-uth Kutchin=Tennuthkutchin.
Tenyé=Navaho.
BULL. 30]
Tenza=Taensa.
Téoas, Teoas=Tewa, Tigua.
Teoux=Tiou.
Tepache=Tepachi.
Tepagui, Tepaguy, Tepahui, Tepave, Tepavi=Te-
pakue.
Te’pda’=IKiowa.
Tepeguan, Tepeguanes, Tepeoanes=Tepehuane.
Tepicons=Pepikokia.
Tepk‘i‘nago— Kiowa.
Tepuias—Tewa.
Tepuspe=Batuco.
Te’qoedi= Tekoedi.
Té-qua=Tewa.
Tequas=Tewa, Tigua.
Tequenonquiaye=Ossossane.
Tequepas=Tequepis.
Tequeste—Tequesta.
Tequeunoikuaye, Tequeunonkiaye=Ossossane.
Teranate=Terrenate.
Terapa—Toape.
Terentines, Terentynes=Abnaki.
Termacacori=Tumacacori.
Terre Blanche= White Earth.
Terrenati=Terrenate.
Terre Rouge=Netpinunsh, Foxes.
Terrino=—Tenino.
Tersuque=—Tesuque.
esa” ee ee eendnkban.
esayan= Hopi.
Tescarorins—Tuscarora.
Teseque—Tesuque.
Teserabocretes=Tsera.
Le-sinde= Dtesinde.
e-sinde-it‘aji= Dtesindeitazhi, Makan.
*éskunilnagai’=Teeskun-lnagai.
Tess-cho tinneh= Desnedeyarelottine.
Tesseusak=Tasiusak.
Tessia=Tesia.
Tessieusak—Tasiusak.
Tessiqdjuaq—Tessikdjuak.
Tessi-Usak=Tasiusak.
Testes de beufs—Tétes de Boule.
Tesuke, Tesuqui=Tesuque.
Tes’-wan=Chilula.
Tetaguichic—Retawichi.
Tetamenes=Telamene.
T’e’/t’aneLendx=—Tetanetlenok.
Tetans=Teton.
Tetans of the Burnt Woods—Brulé.
Tetans Saone=Saone.
Tetarighroones—Tutelo.
Tetarton=Tintaotonwe.
T’a-4a yunné=K watami, Tututni.
Tetaus—Ietan, Teton.
Te-tdoa—Te. .
Tete Coup, Téte-Coupées=Pabaksa.
Tetehquet=Titicut.
Téte Pelée—Comnanche.
Téte Plat—Thlingchadinne.
Tetes Coupes=Pabaksa.
‘Tétes pelées—Comanche.
Tetes Plates=Chinook, Choctaw, Flathead, Salish.
Teticut=Titicut.
T’etliet-Kuttchin=Tatlitkutchin.
Tetoan=Teton.
Tetohe=Talahi.
Teton Bois brile=Brulé.
Tetones, Tetongue—Teton.
Teton-Menna-Kanozo, Té-ton min-na-kine-az/-zo=—
Miniconjou.
Té-ton-o-kan-dan-das, Teton Okandandes—Oglala.
Té-ton-sah-o-ne’, Teton Saone—Saone.
Tetons Brulés=Brulé.
Tetons Mennakenozzo, Tetons Minnakenozzo, Tetons
Minnakineazzo, Tetons Minnekincazzo=Minicon-
jou.
Tetons of the Boise Brule, Tetons of the Burned
wood, Tetons of the Burnt-Wood=Brulé,
Te’-ton-sah-o-ne’, Teton Saone—Saone.
Tetonsarans=Teton.
Tetons Okandandas—Oglala.
Tetons Sahone, Tetons Saone—Saone.
Tetsogi=Tesuque.
T’éttchié-Dhidié= Unakhotana.
T’e-ttlel Kuttchin=Tatlitkutchin.
Te-tzo-ge=Tesuque.
Te-uat-ha=Taos.
Teu-a-wish=Tanima.
TENZA—THESKARORIENS
1155
Teuconick=Taconnet.
Teughsaghrontey=Tiosahrondion.
Teuontowanos=Seneca.
Teuricatzi, Teurizatzi—Teuricachi.
Teushanushsong= Yoroonwago.
Teuson=Tucson.
Teuteloe=Tutelo.
Teu-ton-ha=Teton.
Tevas=Tewa.
Tewa=Hano.
Tewanoudadon=Tewanondadon.
Tewauntausogo—Teatontaloga.
Tewe=Hano.
Te/wEtqEn=Tewetken.
Tewicktowes= Miami.
Te’/-wi-gi=Santo Domingo.
Tewohomony=Tuscarora.
Texenate—Terrenate.
| Texes Lake=Texas Lake.
Texhaya—Teshaya.
Texia—Texas.
| Texja=Teshaya.
| Texon=Tejon.
Texpamais— Papago.
_ Téy-pas’=Pima.
| Teyans, Teyas, Teyens=Texas.
Teyoheghscolea= Dyosyowan.
Teyos=Texas.
Teypama=Teypana.
Teystse-Kutshi=Teahinkutchin.
Teytse-Kutchi—Tatsakutchin.
Te’yuwit=Penateka.
Tezuque—Tesuque.
Tganore‘o ha’ —Ganowarohare.
Tgarihége= Mohawk.
Tguas=Tigua.
Thabloc-ko=Hlaphlako.
Thacame=Tacame.
Thacanhé= Wichita.
The-canies=Sekani.
Thah-a-i-nin=Apache,
Tha’ka-hiné’na, Tha’ka-itin=Kiowa Apache.
Thakhu=Taku.
Thamien=Santa Clara.
Thancahues=Tonkawa.
Tha‘néza‘, Tha‘néza‘ni=Thkhaneza.
Thanonéoha’, Thano»’waru'ha’r=Oneida (vil.).
Thanos, T’han-u-ge=Tano.
Thaos=Taos.
Tha‘paha, Tha‘pahadi’ine‘-=Thkhapaha.
Tharahumara=Tarahumare.
Tharhkarorin= Tuscarora,
Thase=Talasse.
Ne ae
hatce=Tachy. .
Tha-to-dar-hos=Onondaga.
Thatsan-o’tinne=Tatsanottine.
Tha‘tsini= Thkhatshini.
Theacatckkah=Hlekatchka.
Theaggen=Tioga.
Thearemets, Theauremets—Tehauremet.
Thecamenes, Thecamons=Tacame.
Thedirighroonas=Tutelo.
Thegaronhies—Totiakton.
Theguas=Tewa.
Theguayo—Teguayo.
Thehueco—Tehueco.
Thé-ké-né, Thé-kén-néh, Thé-ké-ottiné, Thé-khéne=
Sekani.
Thé-kka-’né=Sazeutina, Sekani.
Thé-kké-Ottiné=Sekani.
Theloél, Theloelles=Natchez.
Themiscamings, Themiskamingues, Themistamens=
Temiscaming.
The Mountain=La Montagne.
The Nation=Upper Creeks.
The Nook=Nuk.
Theodehacto—Totiakton.
Théoga, Théoge—Tioga.
Theonontateronons=Tionontati.
! Thé-Ottiné=Etheneldeli.
Theoux=Tiou.
The people that don’t laugh—Kutaiimiks.
The Rapid=Sault au Recollet.
The Robes with Hair on the outside—Isisokasimiks,
Therocodames=Terocodame.
Thesera Bocretes=Tsera.
The Six=Taoapa.
Theskaroriens=Tuscarora,
1156
Thetliantins=Thetliotin.
The Woman’s town=Pasquenoc.
Thé-yé Ottiné=Etheneldeli.
Thezuque—Tesuque,
Thiaha=Chiaha.
Thickcannie=Sekani.
Thickwood=Assiniboin.
Thick Wood Crees=Sakawiyiniwok.
Thick Woodsmen=Sug waundugahwininewug.
Thihero=Kiohero.
Thikanies—Sazeutina, Sekani.
Thimagona, Thimagoua, Thimogoa=Timucua.
Thing-é-ha-dtinne—Thlingchadinne.
Thinthonha, Thinthonna, Thintohas—Teton.
Thionontatoronons=Tionontati.
Thioux=Tiou.
Thiviment=Itivimiut.
Thlakatchka=Hlekatchka.
Thlakeimas=Clackama.
Thldla’h=Chinook.
Thlamalh=Klamath.
Thla-noo-che au-bau-lau= Hlanudshiapala.
Thlar-har-yeek-qwan= Yakutat.
Thlatlogulgau=Hlahlokalka.
Thicocotcho=Chukahlako.
Thleacatska=Hlekatchka.
Thlea Walla=Huhliwahli.
Thleweechodezeth=U kusiksalirmiut.
Thlewhakh=Klawak.
Thlingcha, Thlingcha tinneh, Thlingeha-dinneh,
Thlingeha-dinni, Thling-e-ha dtinne—Thlingcha-
dinne.
Thlinkeet, Thlinkets, Thlinkit—Koluschan Family.
Thlinkiten=Tlingit.
Thlinkithen=K oluschan Family.
Thijegonchotana—Tlegonkhotana.
Thloblocco-town, Thlobthlocco, Thlob Thlocko=
Hlaphlako.
Thlo-ce-chassies= Klokegottine.
Thlopthlocco=Hlaphlako.
Thlot-lo-gul-gau= Hlahlokalka.
Thlowiwalla=Clowwewalla.
Thluélla’kwe= Pueblos.
Thlu-katch-ka= Hlekatchka.
Thnaina—Athapascan Family, Knaiakhotana.
Thoderighroonas=Tutelo.
Thoig’a-rik-kah=Nez Percés.
Thomé, Thomez=Tohome.
Thompson=Nikaomin.
Thompson River Indians=Ntlakyapamuk,
wap.
Thompsons=Ntlakyapamuk.
Thongeith=—Songish.
Thonges, Thons=Tongigua.
Thops=Tups.
Thoriman=Tourima.
Thornton Party—Eel River Indians.
Thorntown, Thorntown Miamies=Kowasikka.
Thorntown Party=Eel River Indians.
Those that boil their dishes= Waleghaunwohan.
Those that eat crows=Kanghiyuha.
Those that eat the ham=Wolutayuta.
Those that shoot in the pines= Wazikute.
Thoucoue=Tiou.
Thouenchin=Toanche.
Thoya, Thoyago—Teguayo.
Three Canes, Three Cones=Tawakoni.
Three Kettles=Oohenonpa.
Thu-le-oc-who-cat-lau=Tukhtukagi.
Thunder=Inshtasanda, Lunikashinga, Waninki-
kikarachada.
Thunder-being gens= Wakantaenikashika.
Thunder-bird=Cheghita, Wakanta.
Thunder people=Hisada, Kdhun.
Thuntotas=Teton.
Thwlé-lip=Tulalip.
Thwsda’-lub=Clallam.
Thy=Tyigh.
Thycothe=Tukkuthkutchin.
Thy-eye-to-ga—Nez Percés. ,
Thynné=Athapascan Family.
Thysia=Tiou.
Tiach=Tyigh.
Tiachton=Tueadasso.
Tiazo=Tioga.
Tiagotkonniaeston—=Amikwa.
Tia’k!élake=Neahkeluk.
Ti-a-mi=Dyami.
Ti/an, Tian Dnigé=Tiun.
Shus-
THETLIANTINS—TIMAGOA
[B. A. E.
Tiaoga, Tiaogos—Tioga.
Tiaoux=Tiou.
Tiascons=Tirans.
Tiatachtont=Tueadasso.
Tiawco=Nanticoke.
Tibex=Tigua.
Tibihagna=Tibahagna.
Tibitibis=A bittibi.
Tibutama=Tubutama.
Ticapanas=Tyacappan.
Tichaichachass=Paltchikatno.
Tichenos= Pischenoas.
Tichero= Kiohero.
Ti-chom-chin=Tlkamcheen.
Tichuico= Pecos.
Tichuna=Acomita.
qa an=Wazikute.
ickanetly=Tekanitli.
Tickarneens=Siccameen.
Ticmanares=Tumamar.
Ticoleosa=Tikaleyasuni.
Ticori= Picuris.
Ticorillas—Jicarilla.
Ticuic, Ticuique=Pecos.
Tidam=Titlas.
Tiddoes=Caddo.
Tideing Indians=Kiowa.
Tiedami=Telamni.
Tiederighroenes, Tiederighroonas, Tiederighroones
Tiederigoene, Tiederigroenes=Tutelo.
Tiego— Tioga.
T’i-e-kwa-tc'I=Tiekwachi.
Tiengaghamiut=Tiengak.
Tienique= Pecos.
Tienonadies, Tienondaideaga=Tionontati.
Tieton=Teton.
Tieugsachrondio=Tiosahrondion.
Tigaldinskoe=Tigalda.
Tli’gan=Tiun.
Tigara Mutes=Tikeramiut.
Tigchelde’=Tigshelde.
Tigeux=—Tigua.
Tigh=Tyigh.
Ti-gi-qpuk/—Tigikpuk.
Tigitan=Tihittan.
Tignes, Tignex=Tigua.
Tigninateos=Tegninateo.
Tigoeux=Tigua.
Tigouex, Tigouex-on-the-rock= Puaray.
Tigres=Taikus.
Ti-cuan, Tiguas, Tiguasi, Tigue, Tigueans, Tiguero,
Tigues, Ti-guesh, Tiguet=Tigua.
Tiguex=Puaray, Tigua.
Tiguexa, Tiguez, Tiguns—Tigua.
Tihiou=Tiou.
Tihokahana=Pima.
Tihtacutt=—Titicut.
Tihua—Santo Domingo.
Tihuas, Tihueq, Tihuex, Tihuix—Tigua.
Ti IInige—Te.
Ti-ji-s0-ri-chi=Jitisorichi.
Tijon, Tijon Indians=Tejon.
Ti’-ju=Tizhu.
Ti-ka’-ja—Chickasaw.
Tikale’ yastin=Tikaleyasuni.
Tikerana=Tikera.
Tikeranmiun=Tikeramiut.
Tikeraqdjung=Tikerakdjung.
Tikhmenief=Kechemudluk.
Tikirak, Tikirat—Tikera.
Tikolaus, Tik’tilic—Tikwalus.
Tikumcheen=Tlkamcheen.
Ti’/-kwa=Seneca.
Tilamookhs=Tillamook.
TYlawehuide, Ti’lawéi=Acoma.
Tilhalluvit=Tlakluit.
Tilhalumma=K walhioqua.
Tilhanne=Tilkuni.
Tilhiellewit, Tilhilooit, Tilhualwits, Tilhulhwit=Tlak-
luit.
Tilijais, Tilijayas—Tilijaes.
Tillemookhs=Tillamook.
Tillie=Tubatulabal.
T’il’-muk’ tanné=Tillamook.
Tilofayas, Tiloja, Tilpayai—Tilijaes.
Tilpa/les=Kilpanlus.
TYlqini=Tilkuni.
Tiluex=Tiguex.
Tilyayas=Tilijaes.
Timagoa=Timucua,
BULL. 30]
Timbabachis, Timbachis—Timpaiayats.
Timbalakees—Tamuleko.
Ti-méci’ tinné/=Timethltunne.
Timigaming, Timiscamiouetz, Timiscimi, Timiska-
ming=Temiscaming.
Timita=Timigtac.
Timmiscameins=Temiscaming.
Timoga, Timogoa, Timooka, Timooquas, Timoqua=
Timucua.
Timossy—Tomassee.
Timotlee=Tamali.
Timpachis, Timpagtsis, Timpana Yuta, Timpangotzis,
Timpanigos Yutas, Timpanoautzis, Timpanocuitzis,
Timpanoge, Timpanogos, Timpanogotzis, Timpa-
nogs, Timpanotzis, Timpay nagoots, Timpena-
guchya=Timpaiavats.
Timuaca, Timuca, Timuqua, Timuquana, Timu-
quanan, Timusquana=Timucua.
Tina=Tenu.
Tinai=Athapascan Family.
Tinaina=Knaiakhotana.
Tinajas de Candelaria—Tinajas.
ge Finnienos,
Tinaouatoua=Quinaouatoua.
Tinaxa=Tinajas.
Tinazipe-citca, Tinazipe-si¢a—Tinazipeshicka.
Tindan=Quivira.
Tindaw=Teton.
Tinde=Apache, Jicarilla.
Tindestak= Yendestake.
Tindi suxtana—Aglemiut.
Tine-yizhane=Tonkawa.
Ting-tah-to-a, Ting-ta-to-ah—Tintaotonwe.
Tiniéma=Tanima.
Tinina= Knaiakhotana.
Tinjas=Taensa.
Tinlinneh, Tin/liu=Tejon.
Tinna’-ash= Apache.
Tinnats, Tinnats-Khotana= Knaiakhotana.
Tinnatte=Athapascan Family.
Tinnatz-kokhtana= Knaiakhotana.
’Tinne= Athapascan Family.
Tinnecongh=Tinicum.
Tinneh= A thapascan Family, Esquimauan Family.
Tinney=Athapascan Family.
Tinnis= Yennis.
Tinnsals—Taensa.
Tinontaté=Tionontati.
Tinpay nagoots=Timpaiavats.
Tinqua=Timucua.
Tinsas, Tinssas=Taensa.
Tin-tah-ton=Tintaotonwe.
Tintangaonghiatons, Tintangaoughiatons—Teton.
Tinta tonwan, Tinta tonwe=—Tintaotonwe.
Tinthenha, Tinthona, Tinthonha, Tinthow—Teton.
Tintinapain=Taitinapam.
Tintinhos=Teton.
Tinto=Tontos.
ar Tintones, Tintonhas, Tintons, Tintonwans=
eton.
Tin’-zit Kutch’-in=Trotsikkutchin.
Tioas=Tigua.
Tioga Point=Tioga.
Tiohero=Kiohero.
Tiohontatés=Tionontati.
Tiojachso—Tueadasso.
Tionionhogarawe=Seneca.
Tionnontantes Hurons, Tionnontatehronnons, Tion-
nontatez, Tionnontatz, Tionnonthatez, Tionno-
tanté. Tionondade=Tionontati.
Tiononderoge=Teatontaloga.
Tionontalies, Tionontates=Tionontati.
Tiotehatton, Tiotohatton=Totiakton.
Tioux=Tiou.
Ti-pa-to-la/-pa=Tubatulabal.
Tipisastac=Tipsistaca.
Tippacanoe—Tippecanoe.
Tiquas, Tiques, Tiquexa=Tigua.
Tiqui Llapais—Walapai.
Tiquoz—Tigua.
Tirangapui, Tirangapuy, Tiransgapuis—Timpaia-
vats.
Tircksarondia—Tiosahrondion.
Ti-ré-wi—Chiwere.
Tir hit tan—Tihittan.
Tirik= Rirak.
Tirionet=Taconnet.
Tirip’ama=Pekwan.
Tiroacarees=Tawakoni.
TIMBABAOCHIS—TLA’QOM
1157
Tisagechroann= Missisauga.
Tisaiqdji= Yanan Family.
Tiscugas= Tuskegee.
Tishech, Tishechu=Tisechu.
Tishravarahi=Shasta.
Tish-tan’-a-tan, Tish-tang-a-tang=Djishtangading.
Tishyani-hhlama—Tenino.
Tist’/shinoie’ka, Tistshnoie‘ka—Detsanayuka.
Titacutt—Titicut.
Titamook—Tillamook.
Titecute, Titicott=Titicut.
Titji Han-at Ka-ma Tze-shu-ma—Pueblo Caja del
Rio, Yapashi.
Titkainenom=Noamlaki.
Titmictac—Timigtac.
Ti toan, Titoba, Titon, Titone, Titongs, Titonwan,
Titonwans=Teton.
Titsakanai=Ditsakana.
Titsiap=Pueblito.
Titskan watitch=Tonkawa.
Titwa= Miami.
Ti-t’wan, Ti-t’-wawn—Teton.
Tit-yi Ha-nat Ka-ma Tze-shum-a, Tit-yi Ha-nat
Ka-ma Tze-shum-a Mo-katsh Zaitsh= Yapashi.
Ti/-u-a’-dei-ma®, Ti/-u-a-di/-ma"=Tourima.
Tiucara=Tucara.
Tiuhex=Tigua.
Tiutei, Tiuterih—Tutelo.
Ti/vati/ka= Paviotso.
Tiwa=Tewa, Tigua.
Tiwadi/ma—Tourima.
Tiyitiwa huponun=Mescaleros.
Ti yakh’ unin=Aleut.
Tiyaoga, Tiyaogo—Tioga.
Tiyocesli=Tiyochesli.
Tiyoga=Tioga.
Tiyopa-o¢aynunpa,
ochannunpa.
Tiyotcesli=Tiyochesli.
Tizaptanna=Tizaptan.
Tizhgelede=Tigshelde.
Tizuas=Tigua.
Tjeughsaghrondie, Tjeugsaghronde,
rondy=Tiosahrondion.
Tjon-a-ai’=Tung.
Tjughsaghrondie—Tiosahrondion.
Tjuiccu-jenne, Tjusceujen-né=Gila Apache.
Tjuwa/nxa-ike=Klikitat.
T-ka=Kammatwa.
Tkalama=Thlakalama.
Tkanov’eoha’, Tkano»’wart'‘ha’r=Oneida (vil.).
Tkap-qué-na—Ojo Caliente.
Tkauyaum=Tagwayaum.
T’Kawkwamish=Tkwakwamish.
tkée/naAl=Cumshewa.
Tketlcotins=Thetliotin.
T’kitske=Trotsikkutchin.
Tk'koeau’/m=Taqwayaum.
tKo-oh-lok-ta-que=Kalokta.
T‘k’ga/-ki-yu=Tkhakiyu.
Tkuayaum=Taqwayaum.
TkulHiyogoa/ike=K walhioqua.
T‘kil-ma-ca-auk’/=Tkulmashaauk.
Tkulxiyogoa/ike=K walhioqua.
Tlaamen=Sliammon.
Tla/asath= Makah.
Tlackees=Wailaki.
Tlagga-silla—Trotsikkutchin.
Tlaglli= Haglli.
Tlahoos=Clahoose.
Tlahosath=K lahosaht.
Tlahus=Clahoose.
Tlaidas= Haida.
Tlaiq—Tlaik.
Tlaiyu Haade—Hlgaiu-lanas.
Tlakai’tat, Tlakatat—Klikitat.
Tlakimish, Tlakimish-pim=Clackama.
Tlalams, Tla/1/Em=Clallam.
Tlalliguamayas, Tlalliquamallas=Quigyuma
Tlalum=Clallam.
Tlamath= Klamath.
Tlamatl=Lutuamian Family, Klamath,
Tlameth= Klamath.
Tlanusi’yi=Quanusee.
Tla/nuwa—Chattanooga.
Tlao’/kwiath, Tlaoquatch, Tlaoquatsh—Clayoquot.
Tlapan=Apalachee,
Tlaqluit=Tlakluit.
Tla’qom=Tlakom,
Tiyopa- otca"nu"pa = Tiyopa-
Tjguhsagh-
1158
Tlascala=Sia.
Tlascani, Tlaskanai—Tlatskanai.
Tla/ske’nog = K laskino.
Tlastcini, Tlastsini=T lastshini.
Tlatekamut, Tlatekamute=Tlatek.
T’|a4-then-Koh’-tin=Tlathenkotin. ,
Tlatlashekwillo, Tlatla-Shequilla, Tlatlasiqoala, Tla-
tli-si-kwila=Tlatlasikoala,
Tlatsap=Clatsop.
Tlatscanai=Tlatskanai.
Tlats’enog=K laskino.
Tlatskanie=Tlatskanai.
Tlautisis—Tlauitsis.
Tla-we-wul-lo=Clowwewalla.
Tlaxcala=Sia.
Taz tenne=Tatshiautin.
Tlégogitno, Tlegozhitno—Tlegoshitno,
Tlemtle’melets=Clemclemalats.
Tleqeti=Tletlket.
Tyas-Koh/-tin=Tleskotin.
Tig-aio la‘nas—Hlgaiu-lanas.
Tlg-a/it= Hlgahet, Skaito.
Tle-s/itgu la’‘nas—Hlgahetgu-lanas.
Tig-a/it gyit’inai= Hlgahet-gitinai.
Tigaiu la/nas=Hlgaiu-lanas.
Tlialil-kakat=Tlialil.
Tlickitacks, T’likatat=Klikitat.
T’linkets=Koluschan Family.
Tlinkit=Tlingit, Koluschan Family.
Tlinkit-antu-kwan=Tlingit.
Tlinkwan Haadé=Klinkwan.
Tlip-pah-lis, Tlip-pat-lis=Kilpanlus.
Tlitk:/atEwu/mtlat—Shuswap.
Tlizilani—Tlizihlani.
Tik-agilt—Skidegate.
Tl-kam-sheen=Tlkamcheen.
Tlkinool=Cumshewa.
Tlk/inotl la’/nas=Kagials-kegawai.
Tlkumcheen, Tlk-umtci/n=Tlkamcheen.
Tlokeang= Kato.
Ty’o-teene, Tjo-too--na=Klokegottine.
Tisds-me’ yanné= Thlitsusmetunne,
Tlu=Kloo.
T'lu-él-la-kwe= Pueblos.
Tluh-ta-us= Newhuhwaittinekin.
Tlu/tlama’/rka=Assiniboin.
Tmarois—Tamaroa.
Tnac, Tnai, Tnaina, Tnaina Ttynai=Knaiakhotana.
Tnijotobar—Quijotoa.
Toaa=Tohaha.
Toad=Sopaktalgi.
Toaganha, Toagenha—Ontwaganha.
Toags=Nanticoke.
Toah-waw-lay-neuch=Tsawatenok.
Toajas=Tawehash.
Toajgua—Tojagua.
Toak paf car=Tukpafka.
Toalaghreghroonees, Toalaghreghsoonees—Tutelo.
To-alchin/di=Chakpahu.
Toam/-cha=Tomcha.
Toanda, Toando, To-an-hooch, Toanhoock, Toan-
hich, To-an-kooch=Twana,
Toanyaces=Tawehash.
Toao=Tohaha.
Toapuli=Santa Catarina.
Toas=Taos, Tewa, Tigua.
Toasi=Tawasa.
Toataghreghroones=Tutelo.
Toaux=Tiou.
Toauyaces=Tawehash.
Toa-waw-ti-e-neuh—Tsawatenok.
Toayas=Tawehash.
Tobas=Soba.
Tobacco Indians—Tionontati.
Tobacco Plains Kootanie, Tobacco Plains Kootenay=
Akanekunik.
To‘baznaaz, To‘baznaazi=Thobazhnaazhi.
Tobé-a-did= Yakima.
Tobic=Tobique.
Tobikhars=Gabrielefio.
Tobiscanga=Toviscanga.
Tocabatché=Tukabatchi.
Tocaninambiches= Arapaho.
Toccoa=Tagwahi.
Toc-co-gul-egau=Tokogalgi.
Tocconnock=Taconnet.
To-che-wah-coo= Foxes.
Tockwaghs, Tockwhoghs, Tockwocks, Tockwogh,
Tockwoghes, Tockwoughes=Tocwogh.
TLASCALA—TOMALES
{B. A.B.
'
Toco=Toquo.
Tocoah=Tagwahi.
Toco-baja-Chile, Tocobajo, Tocobayo, Tocobogas,
Tocopata, Tocovaga=Tocobaga.
Toctata=Oto.
Tocwoys=Tocwogh.
Toderechrones, Toderichroone, Todericks=Tutelo.
Todetabi= Yodetabi.
Todevigh-rono=Coreorgonel, Tutelo.
Todichini= Thoditshini.
Todirichrones=Tutelo.
Todirichroones=Christanna Indians, Tutelo.
To ‘ditsini= Thoditshini.
To‘dokonzi=Thodhokongzhi.
Toechkanne= Wichita.
To’é’k‘tlisath=Chaicclesaht.
Toenchain, Toenchen=Toanche.
Toné=Athapascan Family.
To-e-ne-che=Talinchi.
Toenenhoghhunt=Seneca.
Teni=Athapascan Family.
Togabaja—Tocobaga.
Togenga—Tongigua.
Toghsaghrondie=Tiosahrondion.
Toghwocks=Tocwogh.
Togiagamiut=Togiak.
Togiagamut=Togiagamiut.
Togiagamute, Togiak Station=Togiak.
Togiarhazoriamute=Togiaratsorik.
Tognayo—Teguayo.
Togo=Soco.
Togobatche=Tukabatchi.
Togunguas—Tongigua.
Togyit’inai=Do-gitunai.
Tohaha=Taraha.
Tohahe=Taraha, Tohaha.
Tohaiton=Totiakton.
Tohaka=Tohaha.
T6‘hani, Tohanni=Thokhani.
Tohiccon, Tohicon, Tohikon=Tioga.
Tohogaleas= Yuchi.
Tohogalias=Tokogalgi.
Tohontaenras=Tohontaenrat.
Tohopikaliga, Tohopkolikies—Tohopekaliga.
Tohotaenrat=Tohontaenrat.
To’-ho-uh=Tohou.
Toibi, Toibi-pet=Toybipet.
Toikon=Tioga.
Toillenny=Heshota Ayahltona,
To-i-nin’-a=Atsina.
Toison=Tucson.
Tojobaco—Tocobaga.
Tokali=Takulli.
Tokatoka=Tohookatokie.
Tokaubatchee=Tukabatchi.
To-ke-ma-che=Tuhukmache.
Tokhakate, Tokio, Tok-kakat, Tok-khakat—Tok.
Tok’oa/ath=Toquart.
Tokoonavi=Tokonabi.
Tokotci winwt, To-ko-tci wun-wi=Tokochi.
To-kum’/-pi=Northern Assiniboin.
Tokiwe= Apache.
Tokwaht=Toquart.
Tola=Nutria.
Tolana=Tolowa.
Tolane=Tocane.
Tolawa=Tolowa.
Tolekopdya=Tulkepaia.
Tolemaro=Tolemato.
Tolenos= Yolo.
Tolera, Tolere, Toleri=Tutelo.
Tolewah=Tolowa.
Tolgopeya=Tulkepaia.
T!o/tk!a=Tohlka.
Tolkepayd, Tolkipeya, Tolkopaya—Tulkepaia.
Tolkotin=Tautin.
Tolli Hogandi=A watobi.
Tollinches=Talinchi.
Tolocchopka=Taluachapkoapopka.
Tolofa=Talofia Ockhase.
Tolomato=Tolemato.
Tolopchopko=Taluachapkoapopka.
Tolowarch, Tolowar thlocco=Apalachicola.
ToLtsasdin—Toltsasding.
Tolujaa=Tilijaes.
To-lum-ne=Telamni
Tomachas=Tawehash.
Tomachee=Timucua.
Tomales=Tamal,
ee
BULL. 30]
Tomaroas=Tamaroa.
Tomasa=Tawasa.
Tomatly, Tomatola=Tamali.
Tombecbé, Tombechbé, Tombeche, Tombeechy=Tom-
bigbee.
Tomeas=Tohome.
Tomé Dominguez=Tomé.
Tomés, Tomez=Tohome.
To-Mia=Santa Ana.
Tomiscamings=Temiscaming.
Tom-i-ya=Santa Ana.
Tommakee=Timucua.
Tommotley=Tamaili.
Tomocos, Tomoka=Timucua.
Tomo/la=Tubatulabal.
Tomothle=Tamahli.
Tompacuas= Pakawa.
Tompiras, Tompires=Tompiro.
Tona-kwe=Tona.
Tonanulga=Tonanulgar.
Tonawando, Tonawanta=Tonawanda.
Toncahiras, Toncahuas=Tonkawa.
Ton/cas=Kutawichasha.
Toncawes=Tonkawa.
Ton-ch-un=Tonchuun. '
Tondaganie= Roche de Boeuf.
Tondamans=Seneca.
Tondo=Tontos.
Tongarois=Ontwaganha.
Tongass=Tongas.
Tongenga, Tonginga—Tongigua.
Tongorias=Ontwaganha.
Tongues= Tonkawa.
Tonguinga=Tongigua.
Toniata=Tonihata.
Tonica=Tonikan Family.
Tonicas, Tonicaus=Tunica.
Toniche, Tonici=Tonichi.
Tonika=Tonikan Family,
Tonikas=Tunica.
Toniquas=Tanico.
Tonitsi, Tonitza=Tonichi.
Tonjajak—Kukak.
Tonkahans, Tonkahaws, Tonkahiras, Tonkahuas,
Ton-ka-hues, Ton-kah-y-ays, Tonkaways, Tonkawe,
Tonkawéya, Tonkeways, Tonkhuas= Tonkawa.
Tonkonko=Siksika.
Tonkowas, Tonks=Tonkawa.
Tonnaoute=Tannaoute.
Tonnewanta=Tonawanda.
Tonniata=Tonihata.
Tonningua—=Tongigua.
Tonnontoins=Seneca.
Tonnoraunto=Tonawanda.
To-noc-o-nies=Tawakoni.
Tono-Oohtam= Papago.
Tonoziet=Tonoyiet’s Band.
Ton-que-was, Tonqueways=Tonkawa.
Tonquish’s village=Tonguish’s Village,
Tonquoways, Tonqus=Tonkawa.
Tons=Taos.
Tonsagroende=Tiosahrondion.
Tonsobe=Tomsobe.
Tont-a-quans=Tongas.
To"-tdoa—Tong.
Tonteac, Tonteaca= Hopi.
Tontears—Tontos.
Tontewaits=Chemehuevi.
Tonthratarhonon=Totontaratonhronon.
Tonto-Apaches=Tontos.
Tonto Cosnino=Havasupai.
Tontoes=Tontos.
Tontonteac= Hopi.
Tontos= Yavapai.
Tonto-Tinné=Tontos.
Tontthrataronons=Totontaratonhronon,
Tontu=Tontos.
Too—Tiun.
Too-an-hooch, Too-au-hoosh=Twana.
Too-clok band=Tutlut.
Too-coo recah=Tukuarika.
Toogelah, Toogoola=Tugaloo.
Tooh-to-cau-gee=Tukhtukagi.
Tookabatcha, Tookabatchee=Tukabatchi.
Took’-a-rik-kah=Tukuarika.
Took-au-bat-che= Tukabatchi.
Took-au-bat-che tal-lau-has-see=Taluamutchasi.
Tookaubatchians=Tukabatchi.
Tookhlagamute=Tuklak.
TOMAROAS—TOTHEOT
1159
Tookseat= Munsee.
Tooleekskoi=Tulik.
Tooleerayos=Tularenos.
Toolukaanahamute=Tuluka.
Toomedocs=Tumidok.
Toomes=Tohome.
Toom-na=Tumna.
Toonoonee=Tununirusirmiut.
Toonoonek=Tununirmiut.
Toon-pa-ooh=Tonebao.
Too-num’/-pe=Tunanpin.
Too-qu-aht=Toquart.
Toos=Taos.
Tooses=Tuskegee.
Toosey’s Tribe=Toosey.
Tootootana=Tututunne.
Too-too-ten=Tututni.
Too-too-te-nay=Tututunne.
Too-too-te-ny=Tututni.
Too-toot-e-ways, Too-toot-na, Too-toot-nay, Too-
tootne=Tututunne.
Too-toot-nie, Too-too-ton, Tootootone=Tututni.
Too-too-to-neys, Too-too-to-nies, Too-too-to-ny,
Toot-toot-en-ay=Tututunne.
Too-war-sar=Tawehash.
Tooweehtoowees= Miami.
Too-wos-sau=Tawasa.
Topa-an=Thkhapaha.
Topacas=Tukabatchi.
Topana-ulka=Toponanaulka.
Topanica=Topanika. :
Topchalinky, Topekaliga=Tohopekaliga.
To-pe-ne-bee, Topenibe, To-pen-ne-bee=Topenebee’s
Village.
Topent=Topeent.
Top-hulga= Attapulgas.
Topia—Topira.
Topingas=Tongigua.
Topinibe=Topenebee’s Village.
Topin-keua, Top-in-te-ua= Hopi.
Topira, Topires, Topiros=Tompiro.
Topiza=Topira.
Topkegalga, Topkélaké—Attapulgas.
Top-ni-be=Topenebee’s Village.
Topnish=Topinish.
Topocapas=Tocobaga.
Topofkees, Topofkies=Tukpafka.
Topoliana-kuin=Taos.
Topony=Sepori.
Topoqui=Topiqui.
Toppahannock=Rappahannock.
Toprofkies=Tukpatka.
Toqua, To scart Ce
Toquaht, Toquatux, Toquhaht=Toquart.
Torape—Torepe’s Band.
Toreman=Tourima.
Toreon, Toreuna=Torreon.
Torim=Telamni.
Torima, Toriman, Torimanes, Torinan=Tourima.
Toriuash=Tawehash.
Toro=Tova.
Torremans=Tourima.
Torreon=Kuaua.
Torsee=Tawsee.
Tortero—Tutelo.
Toruro=Tallulah.
To-sarke=Tosarke’s Band.
Tosawa=Toxaway.
To’-sa-wee, To-sa-witches=Tussawehe.,
Toscororas=Tuscarora.
Tosepon=Tisepan. -
To-si’ko-yo=Tasikayo.
To-si-witches, To-si-withes=Tussawehe.
Toskegee=Taskigi.
Toskiroros=Tuscarora.
Tosoees, To-so-wates, Tosowes, To-sow-witches=Tus-
sawehe.
TostlEngilnagai’=Dostlan-Inagai.
Tosugui=Tesuque.
Totacaga=Tukhtukagi.
Totaly=Tutelo.
Totanteac= Hopi.
Totaro—Tutelo.
Totatik— Poodatook.
To-ta-t’-qenne—Totatkenne.
Toteloes=Tutelo.
Tote-pauf-cau=Tukpafka.
Totera, Toteri, Toteroes, Toteros=Tutelo.
Tothect=Totheet.
1160
Totiakto=Totiakton.
Totierono, Totiri=Tutelo.
Totiris=Catawhba.
Totlgya gyit’inai=Tohlka-gitunai.
Toto=Totoma.
Totonaltam=Azqueltan.
Totonat=Sicobutovabia.
Totones, Totonic tribes=Tututni.
Totonteac, Totonteal, Totontoac=Hopi.
Totora=Tutelo.
Tototan, To to-taws=Tututni.
Tototeac= Hopi.
Tototen, Tototin, Tototune, To-to-tut-na=Tututni.
To '‘tsalsitaya—Thochalsithaya.
To-tshik-o-tin=Trotsikkutchin.
Totsik=Sacaton.
To6‘tsoni=Thotsoni.
Tottero, Totteroy—Tutelo.
Totu=Totoma.
Totutime, Totutune=Tututni.
Totzikala=Totchikala.
Touacara, Touacaro=—Tawakoni.
Touacha=Tawasa.
Touagannha=Ontwaganha.
Touanchain=Toanche.
Touaqdjuaq=Tuakdjuak.
To-ua-qua=Towakwa.
Touashes=Tawehash.
Touch not the skin of a black bear= Wasabehitazhi.
Touchon-ta-Kutchin, Touchon-tay Kutchin=Tutcho-
nekutchin.
Touchouaesintons=T ouchouasintons.
Touckagnokmiut=Tuklak.
Toudamans=Seneca.
Touenchain=Toanche.
Touginga—Tongigua.
Touguenhas=Ontwaganha.
Toukaubatchee=Tukabatchi.
Toukaways=Tonkawa.
Toulaksagamut=Tuluksak.
Touloucs=Ottawa.
Toumachas, Toumika=Tunica.
Toungletats=Lekwiltok.
Tounica, Tounika=Tunica.
Touppa=Toupa.
Touquaht=Toquart.
Tourika=Tunica.
Tourimans=Tourima.
Tous=Taos.
Touscaroros=Tuscarora.
Touse=Taos.
Touserlemnies=Tuolumne.
Tous les Saints=Kandoucho.
Toustchipas—Tushepaw.
Toutacaugee=Tukhtukagi.
Touto Apaches=Tontos.
Toutounis, Tou-tou-ten=Tututunnes
Toux Enongogoulas=Avoyelles.
Touzas=Tuskegee.
Tovares=Tubare.
Towaahach=Tawehash.
Towacanies, Towacanno, Towacano, Towacarro, To-
waccanie, Towaccaras=Tawakoni.
Towaches=Tawehash.
Towackanies, To-wac-ko-nies, To-wac-o-nies, To-
wacoro=Tawakoni.
Towaganha—Ontwagapbha.
Towahach, Towahhans=Tawehash.
To-wa’/-ka=Seneca.
Towakani, Towakarehu, Towakarros, Towakenoe=
Tawakoni.
Towako, Towakon=Ottawa.
To-wal-um-ne=Tuolumne.
Towanahiooks=Towahnahiooks.
Towanda=Twana.
Towannahiooks=Towahnahiooks.
Towanoenddlough=Teatontaloga.
Towapummuk=Shuswap.
To-wa que=Taa.
Towarnaheooks, Towarnahiooks=Towahnahiooks.
Towarsa=Tawasa.
Towas=Hano, Tewa.
Towash=Tawehash.
Towawog=Nameaug.
Towcash, Tow-ce-ahge,
Tawehash,
Toweca=Tawakoni.
Towecenegos=Sinago.
Toweache, Toweash=
TOTIAKTO—TRUE THNAINA
[B. A. B.
Tow-eeahge, Tow-eeash, Towiaches, Towiache-Ta-
wakenoes=Tawehash.
Towiachs=Tawakoni.
Towiash=Tawehash.
Towigh, Towighroano= Miami.
Towih=Taos.
To-win-ché-ba= Holkomah.
Towirnin=Taos.
Towish=Tawehash.
Town Builders, Town-building Indians, Town
Indians= Pueblos.
Town of Relief=Aymay.
Town of the Broken Promise=Tomé.
Town of the winds=Pinawan.
Towns-people= Pueblos.
Towoash, Towoashe=Tawehash.
Towoccaroes, Towocconie, To-woc-o-roy Thycoes,
Towoekonie=Tawakoni.
Towrache, Towzash=Tawehash.
To-ya=Nutria.
Toyagua=Tojagua.
Toyals=Tohaha.
Toyash=Tawehash.
Toyengan=Tongigua.
To-y-lee=Tsoowahlie.
Toyn-aht=Toquart.
To-yo-a-la-na=Heshota Ayahltona.
Toy Pah-Utes, Toy Pi-Utes, Toy’-yu-wi-ti-kut-teh=
Toiwait.
To-zan’/-né=Laguna.
Tozikakat=Nuklukayet.
Tozjanne=Laguna.
T’Peeksin, T’Peekskin=Tapeeksin.
Tpelois— Natchez. —-—
Tqlin-qas’ tanné’=Tkhlunkhastunne
Tqt’a/qumai=Toktakamai-. _
TGia-qnamidh ("ik wale wails -
Tquayaum, Tquayum, Tqwayaum=Taqwayaum.
Traders=Ottawa.
Traht=Tyigh.
Tpa-kfwelé-pttine=Takfwelottine.
Trakouaehronnons=Trak8aehronnons = Conestoga.
Tpaltsan Ottine=Tatsanottine.
Tramasquecook=Tramasqueac.
Tpanane-Kouttchin, Tpanata-Kuttchin’=Tenan-
kutehin.
Tran-jik-koo-chin=Trotsikkutchin.
Tpa-pa-Gottine=Nellagottine.
Trappers= Nanticoke.
Trascaluza=Tascalusa.
Tpathel-ottiné—Takfwelottine.
Tpatsan-Ottiné—Tatsanottine.
Tratse-kutshi=Trotsikkutchin.
Traveling Hail= Passing Hail’s Band.
_Treaber Utes=Cumumbah.
Treacherous lodges= Ashbotchiah.
Trementinas=Tremblers.
Tpendjidheyttset-kouttchin=Tangeratsa.
Trés-qui-ta=Pohoi.
Tresrevere=—Three Rivers.
Tpétlé-(k)uttchin, Tpe-tliet-Kouttchin=Tatlitkut-
chin.
Tpé-ttchié-dhidié-Kouttchin=Natsitkutchin.
Tria=Sia.
Triapé=Triapi.
Triconnick=Taconnet.
Trijaoga=Tioga.
Tpi-kka-Gottineé=Desnedeyarelottine.
Trile Kalets=Klikitat.
Trinachamiut=Trinachak.
Trinity Indians=Hupa.
Tpion-Kouttchin=Tangeratsa.
Trios=Sia.
Tripaniek=Tripanick.
Trivti, Triyti=Guatitruti.
Trizaoga—Tioga.
Troes=Zoe.
Trois Rivieres=Three Rivers.
Trokesen=Iroquois.
Trongsagroende=Tiosahrondion,
Tronontes=Tionontati.
Troquois=Iroquois.
Trout nation= Winnebago.
Trovmaxiaquino=Troomaxiaquino.
Troy Indians= Pocasset.
Troy River=Three Rivers.
Trudamans=Seneca.
True Thnaina= Knaiakhotana.
ST aa
BULL. 30]
Truni=Zuii.
Trypaniks=Tripanick.
Tsaagwi’ gyit’inai’=Djahui-gitinai. |
Tsaagwisguatl'adegai’=— Djahui-skwahladagai.
Tsa-bah-bish, Tsa-bah-bobs=Dwamish. |
Tsaba’kosh=Dakota.
Tsaga‘ha’=Tsaganha.
Tsah-bahbish=Dwamish.
Tsah-ti=Choctaw.
Tsah’-tyuh—Tsattine.
Tsah-wau-tay-neuch, Tsah-waw-ti-neuch, Tsah-waw-
ty-neuchs=Tsawatenok.
Tsaisuma= Washo.
Tsakaitsetlins, Tsakaitsitlin—Spokan.
Tsa-ka-nha-o-né"= Delaware.
T’sakbahbish= D wamish.
Tsdlagi, Tsalakies—Cherokee.
Tsalaygasagi—Chillicothe.
Tsalel, Ts’a -lil-a’=—Silela.
Tsa-lo-kee—Cherokee.
Tsa mpi/nefa amim=Chepenafa.
Tsan Ampkua amim=Umpqua.
Tsan 4-uta amim=Siuslaw.
Tsanh alokual amin=Calapooya.
Tsan halpam amim=Santiam.
Tsa/nish=Arikara. 3
Tsan kliy temifa amim=Tsanklightemifa.
Tsanout=Tsawout.
Tsan tcha/-ishna amim=Salmon River Indians.
Tsan tcha/lila amim=Silela.
Tsan tchifin amim—Tsanchifin.
Tsan tkupi amim=Tsankupi.
Tsan-tpié-pottine=Tsantieottine.
Tsanusi’yi=Quanusee.
Tsa-ottiné=Tsattine.
Tsapxadidlit=Tsapkhadidlit. —
Tsaqtono—Tsaktono.
Tsaragi—Cherokee.
Tsa-re-ar-to-ny=Kaltsergheatunne.
Tsar-out=Tsawout.
Tsashtlas=Siuslaw.
tsata-heni—Tsatenyedi.
Ts’a/-ta-rxé-qe/ yanné’=Tsatarghekhetunne,
T’saten, Tsa-’tenne, Tsa-tinneh=Tsattine.
Ts’atl la’nas=Chaahl-lanas.
Tsa-tqenne=Tsattine. :
Tsatsaquits=Tlatlasikoala.
Tsatsnotin, Tsatsuotin=Tanotenne.
Tsa-ttinne=Tsattine.
Tsauat’énog—Tsawatenok.
Tsa/-u-i=Chaui.
Tsa/umak=Tzauamuk.
Tsaumass=Songish,
Tsauwarits=Tsuwaraits.
Tsawadainoh, Tsawahtee, Tsawalinough, Tsawan-
tiano, Tsa-wanti-e-neuh, Tsawataineuk, Tsa/wa-
tr/énoq, Ts’a’watkéndx, Tsawatli, Tsa-waw-ti-e-
neuk='T'sawatenok.
Tsa-whah-sen=Talal.
Tsawi=Chaui.
Tsa’/-wut-ai-nuk, Tsa-wutt-i-e-nuh, Tsa-wutti-inuh=
Tsawatenok.
Tsaxta—Choctaw.
Tsa‘yiskigni, Tsa‘yiski/dni=Tsayiskithni.
Tschah= Hagwilget.
Tschahtas=Muskhogean Family.
Tschaktaer—Choctaw.
Tscharai=Charac.
Tscha-wa-co-nihs=Chawakoni.
Tscha-wan-ta=Tashhuanta.
Tschechschequannink, Tschechschequaniing, Tsch-
echsequannink=Sheshequin.
Tschernowskoje=Chernofski.
Tschetschehn=Tesik.
Tschih-nahs=Tsano.
Tschihri= Pawnee.
Tschilkat, Tschilkat-kon—Chilkat.
Tschilkut=Chilkoot.
Tschinjagmjut=Chingigmiut.
Tschinkaten=Tenankutchin.
Tschinuk=Chinook, Chinookan Family.
Tschipeway, Tschippiweer=Chippewa.
Tschirokesen=Cherokee.
Tschischlkhathkhoan, Tschishlkhath, Tschishlkhath-
khoéan=Chilkat.
Tschlahtsoptschs—Clatsop.
Tschnagmeuten, Tschnagmjuten, Tschnagmiiten=
Chnagmiut.
Tschuagmuti=Malemiut.
TRUNI—TSIA
1161
Tschugatschi, Tschugazzes, Tschugazzi—Chuga-
chigmiut.
tschukane/di=Chukanedi.
Tschunguscetoner=Tschantoga.
Tschura, Tschura-Allequas=Tsurau.
Tsclallums=Clallam.
Ts/-co=Cheli.
Tsea, Tse-ah=Sia.
Tsé Aminéma=Tyigh.
Ts’éca/ath—Seshart, Tseshaath.
Tse/¢danka/=Haninihkashina.
Tse‘¢eckijni=Tsetheshkizhni.
Tse‘¢qani=Tsethkhani.
Tse ‘déski'/-ni=Tsetheshkizhni.
Tse‘dzinki/ni=Tsezhinkini.
Tseghi=Chelly.
Tségoatl la’nas=Djiguaahl-lanas.
Tsehalish—Chehalis. K
Tse-hwit-zen=Tsewhitzen.
Tse-itso-kit= Mishongnovi.
Tse-itso-kit/-bit-si/-li=Shipaulovi.
Tse‘jingiai, Tse jingiaigine—Tsezhinthiai.
Tse‘jinkini=Tsezhinkini.
Tsekanie=Sekani.
Tsé-kéh-na—Tsekehneaz,
Tsé’kéhne, T’sekenné=Sekani.
Tsé-ki-a-tan-yi=Cueva Pintada.
Tsekum, Tse-kun=Tsehump.
Tsé ‘la/kayat amim=Klikitat.
Tsé-loh-ne=Tselone.
Tsemakum=Chimakum.
Tse-mo-é=Sitsime.
Ts’emSia/n= Tsimshian.
Tse‘nahapi’//ni=TsenahapihIni.
Ts’ E/nq’am=Tsenkam.
Ts’b/ntsEnuk’aio, Ts’r/nts’Enx'qaid, Tsénxq’aio—
Tsentsenkaio. 3
Ts’ée/okuimiX =—Tseokuimik.
Tsepechoen frercuteas=Semonan, Serecoutcha,
Tsepcoen, Tsepehoen, Tsepehouen=Semonan.
Tserabocherete, Tserabocretes=Bocherete, Tsera.
Tse-pottiné—Tseottine.
Ts’e-rxi’-4 yinné=Kaltsergheatunne.
Tse’-Sa do-hpa-ka, Tsé-sa no-hpa-ka= Pawnee.
Tsesh-aht=Seshart.
Tsé Skualli amim=Nisqualli.
Tse-ta-hwo-tqenne, Tsé’-ta-ut’qgenne = Tsetaut-
kenne.
Tsétcah=Tsechah.
Ts’e-t’¢im=Tsetthim.
Tse-tdoa=Tse.
Tse‘thani=Tsethkhani.
Tse-tis-tas’ = Cheyenne.
TsétseLoa’/laqEmae=Tsetsetloalakemae.
Tséts gyit’inai’/—Chetsgitunai.
Tset-so-kit= Mishongnovi.
Tse yu’ ya=Tsedtuka.
Tse-tut/-qla-le-ni/tin =Tsetutkhlalenitun.
Ts’é/uits=Tseokuimik,
Tse-xi/-4 tené= Kaltsergheatunne,
Tsexlten=Tseklten.
Tse‘yanaco‘ni, Tse‘yanaténi=Tseyanathoni.
Tse‘yikehe¢ine, Tse‘yikéhedine‘=Tseyikehe.
Tse‘zindiai=Tsezhinthiai.
T’shah-nee=Tsano,
T’shanasandkue=— Laguna.
T’shashita/-kwe=Isleta.
Tsheheilis=Chehalis.
Tshei-nik-kee=Chainiki.
Tshe-tsi-uetin-euerno= Montagnais,
Tshi-a-uip-a=Isleta.
Tshilkotin=Tsilkotin.
Tshimsian—Chimmesyan Family.
Tshingits, Tshinkitani—Tlingit.
Tshinook=Chinookan Family.
Tshinook, Tshinouk—Chinook,
Tshinuk—Chinookan Family.
Tshi-quit-é= Pecos.
Tshishé= Apache.
Tshithwyook—Chilliwhack.
Tshokfachtoligamut—Shokfak,
Tshokoyem=Chokuyem.
Tshoo-loos/=Tsulus.
Ts-ho-ti-non-do-wa’/-ga’ —Seneca.
Tshugazzi=Chugachigmiut.
Tshu-kutshi=Tsitoklinotin,
Tshya-ui-pa=Isleta.
Tsia=Sia.
1162
Tsi’-a-qaus’=Tsiakhaus.
Tsichoan=Shakan.
Tsiou Sinjsay¢é=—Tsishusindtsakdhe.
Tsi/ou uysé pe¢u»/da—Tsishuutsepedhungpa.
Tsi/ou Wacta/ye=Tsishuwashtake.
Tsiou Wanw’=Tsishusindtsakdhe.
Tsi/ou wehaxige=Haninihkashina.
Tsi-é/-qa we-yagl’=Tsiekhaweyathl.
Tsifeno=Shufina.
Tsi’/hacis— Kdhun.
Tsihaili—Salishan Family.
Tsihaili-Selish—Chehalis, Salishan Family.
Tsihailish, Tsihalis=Chehalis.
Tsi-hadno=Tsina.
Tsi-he-lis=Chehalis.
Tsi’-ka-c€é=Chickasaw.
Tsikanni=Sekani.
Tsi-klum=Tsehump.
Tsiksi/tsi=Tuckaseegee.
Tsik-i-si=—Chickasaw.
Tsikyatitans’=Cueva Pintada.
Tsilgopdya, Tsilgopeya=Tulkepaia.
Tsilhtadén=Tsiltaden.
Tsi/l-ina-inde=Tsihlinainde.
Tsijkoh'ton, T silkotinneh=Tsilkotin.
Tsilla-ta-ut’ tiné, Tsilla-ta-ut’-tinné, Tsillawadoot,
Tsillaw-awdoot, Tsillaw-awdut-dinni, Tsillawdaw-
hoot-dinneh, Tsillawdawhoot Tinneh=Etcheridie-
gottine.
Tsiltarden=Tsiltaden.
Tsimchian, T’simpheeans, Tsimpsean, T’simpshean,
T’simpsheean, Tsimsean, Tsimseyans, Tsimsheeans,
T'sim-si-an/=Tsimshian.
Tsimuna=Paraje.
Tsinadzi/ni=Tsinazhini.
Tsinaghse=Shamokin.
Tsinajini=Tsinazhini.
Tsincobetlo=Tsinthobetlo.
Tsinha=Tsina.
Tsin-ik-tsis’-tso-yiks=Tsiniksistsoyiks.
Tsinsaka¢ni, Tsinsakédni=Tsinsakathni.
Tsinuk= Chinook.
Tsinuk, T’sinuk=Chinookan Family.
Tsinusios=Geneseo.
Ts’iomxau=Tsiomhau.
Tsiphenu=Shufina.
Tsipu=Chippewa.
Tsiqua’gis stastaai’—Chawagis-stustae.
Tsi’-se’= Mescaleros.
Tsistlatho band=Naskotin.
Tsi taka do hpa ka=Seechkaberuhpaka.
Tsitka-ni=Sekani.
Tsitsimé/lEqala=Tsitsimelekala.
Tsitsk= Hagwilget.
Tsi-tska ddo-qpa-ka=Seechkaberuhpaka.
Tsitsumevi, Tsi-tsumo-vi, Tsitimovi=Sichomovi.
Tsitz-hanutch=Tsits.
Tsiwiltzha-e= Osage.
Tsiy/-yxa»/-A—Tzekinne.
Tsji/shekwe=Tontos. -
Tsjoemakakork=Tumacacori.
Tskaus=Sakahl.
Tskiri rah/ru=Skidirahru.
Tsnagmyut—Chnagmiut.
Tsnasogh=Shamokin.,
Tsniuk=Chinook.
Tsces-tsieg-Kuttchin=Trotsikkutchin.
Tsogliakhten, Tsogliakten=Zogliakten.
Tsohke=Sooke.
Tsohkw=Tsako.
Tsoi-gah—Nez Percés.
Tso-is-kai=Chusca.
Tsomass=Tsomosath.
Tsomontatez=Tionontati.
Tsomo/oL=Tsomootl.
Tsonagogliakten, Tsonagolyakhten=Zonagogliak-
ten.
Tsonantonon=Seneca,
Tsonassan=Sewathen.
Tsong=Songish.
Tson-krone=Thekkane.
T. Sonnontatex=Tionontati.
Tsonnonthouans, T. Son-non-thu-ans—Seneca.
Tsonnontouan=Nundawao.
T. Sonnontouans, Tsononthouans, Tsonontooas,
Tsonontouans, Tsonontowans, Tsonothouans=
Seneca.
Ts1/-A-QAUS’—TUCSSON
[B. A. B.
Tson-tpié-pottiné=Tsantieottine.
Tsoo-ah-gah-rah= Nez Percés.
Tsoolootum=Nakuntlun.
Tsoo-tsi-ola=Tsutsiola.
Ts6-Ottineé=Sarsi.
Tsoo-Yess=Tzues.
Ts’otsQE/n=Tsimshian.
Tsouonthousaas=Seneca.
Tsou-wa/-ra-its=Tsuwaraits.
Tsowassan—Sewathen. ~
Tsoyaha= Yuchi.
TsQoagk’a/ne=Tskoakane.
Tsuess=Tzues.
Tsuharukats—Nez Percés.
Tsuk-tsuk-kwalk’=Chuckchuqualk.
Tstlakki=Cherokee.
Tsulula’=Chilula.
Tstn-'na-k¢i’-a-mit’/¢a4a=Tsunakthiamittha.
T’sunuk—Chinook.
Tsu’Qos=Sarsi.
Tsuquanah=Tsooquahna.
Ts’i-qus-li’-qwut-me/ yinné=Dakubetede,
Tstshki=Shrutsuna.
Tsuskai=Chusca.
Tsussie= Yekolaos.
Tstitpéli=Nez Percés.
Ts’uwa’le=Tsoowahlie.
Tsuxodi=Chutotalgi.
Tstyake’ks, Tsuyaké/ksni=Shuyakeksh.
Tsu-yess=Tzues.
Tsuyu gila’gi=Oothcaloga.
Tsxoaxqa/né=Tskoakane.
Ttikigakg—Tikera.
T’tran-jik kutch-in=Tangesatsa.
Ttsé-ottiné= Tseottine.
Ttutaho—Tutago.
Bigand Rey rah ea pEaae, Ttynnai= Athapascan Fam-
i
Tuacana=Tawakoni.
Tu-ad-hu=Twana.
Tuagenha=Ontwaganha.
Tualati, Tualatims, Tualatin, Tuality—Atfalati.
Tu-an-hu, Tu-a-nooch, Tu-a-noock=Twana.
Tuape=Toape.
Tuas, Tu’ata—Taos.
Tu-a-wi-hol=Santo Domingo.
Tubaca, Tubae=Tubac.
Tubar, Tubaris=Tubare.
Tubbies=Choctaw.
Tubeans=Tano.
Tubessias= Yavapai
Tubians—Tano.
Tu-bic wun-wi=Tubish.
Tubirans=Tano.
Tubso, Tubson=Tucson.
Tubuache=Tabeguache.
Tubukhtuligmut, Tubuktuligmiut=Tubuktulik.
Tucan= Hopi.
Tucane=Tucara.
Tucano= Hopi.
Tucanoh=Twana.
Tucaricas=Tukuarika.
Tucayan= Hopi.
Tuccabatche, Tuchabatchees=Tukabatchi.
Tuchano= Hopi.
Tuchapacs, Tuchapaks=Tushepaw.
Tucharechee=Tikwalitsi.
Tuchimas=Tuchiamas.
Tuchsaghrondie= Tiosahrondion.
Tuckaabatchees, Tuckabatcha, Tuckabatche=Tuk-
abatchi.
Tuckabatchee Teehassa=Taluamutchasi.
Tuckabatches, Tuckabatchie, Tuckabatchy, Tucka-
bathees, Tuckafaches=Tukabatchi.
Tuckalegee=Tik walitsi.
Tuckankanie=Tawakoni.
Tuckapacks=Tushepaw.
Tuckapas, Tuckapaus=Tukabatchi.
Tuckarechee=Tik walitsi.
Tuckasegee=Tuckaseegee.
Tuck-a-Soof-Curra=Tsofkara.
Tuckaubatchees, Tuckhabatchee=Tukabatchi.
Tuckis’a/tn=Tushkisath.
Tucknapax—Tushepaw.
Tucksagrandie=Tiosahrondion.
Tucpauska=Tukpafka.
Tucremu=Tucumu.
Tucsares=Tucsani.
Tucsson=Tucson.
BULL. 30]
Tucubavi=Tucubavia.
Tucutnut=Tukutnut.
Tucuvavi=Tucubavia.
Tuczon=Tucson.
Tudamanes=Seneca.
Tiade=Athapascan Family.
Tudnunirmiut=Tununirmiut.
Tudnunirossirmiut=Tununirusirmiut.
Tuecuntallauhassee= Pakan-Tallahassee.
Tii-ei—Isleta.
Tuenho=Hastwiana.
Tueson=Tucson.
Tugiak, Tugiatak=Togiak.
Tugibaytchi— Tukabatchi.
Tugilo=Tugaloo.
Tugson, Tuguison=Tucson.
Tuhakwilh=Tsimshian.
Tu-hau-cu-wi’-t’¢¢=Tuhaushuwitthe.
Tu‘hlawai= Acoma.
Tuh‘-muo=Tucumu.
Tuhoa—Jemez.
Tu-huc-mach, Tu-hue-ma-ches,
hukmache.
Tuhuktukis=Tawakoni.
Tuhutama=Tubutama.
Tu’/hu tane=Clackama.
Tuhivti-omokat=Siksika.
Tuhwalati=Atfalati.
Tuh-yit-yay=Tajique.
Tu’-iai=Santo Domingo.
Tuighsaghrondy=Tiosahrondion.
Tuihtuihronoons= Miami.
Tuinondadecks, Tuinontatek=Tionontati.
Tuison=Tucson.
Cain Tukabatchey, Tukabaytchi=Tukaba-
tchi.
Tukachohas=Piankashaw.
Tukahun— Piros.
u’-ka-le, Ta-ka-nyi=Tawakoni.
Tuka-rika—Tukuarika.
Tu’-kate-kate=Tukachkach.
Tukawbatchie, Tukkebatche=Tukabatchi.
Tuk’/-ko=Takusalgi.
Tukkola=Takulli.
Tuk-kuth=Tukkuthkutchin.
Tik-pa’ ha-ya-di’=Attacapa.
Tukspi’sh, Tukspish-‘léma—John Day.
Tukudh=Tukkuthkutchin.
Tukuhun=Piros.
Tu/-kwil-ma’-k ‘i= Kuitsh.
Tula, Tulara, Tulare Lake Indians, Tulare River
Indians, Tularesin=Tularenos.
Tulas=Titlas.
Tilawéi=Acoma.
Tul’/bush= Mattole.
T’ulck=Tulshk.
Tule=Tularefios.
Tulinskoe=Tulik.
Tulkays=Tuluka,
Tulkepaia venuna tche’hwhale=Tulkepaia.
Tulla=Tula.
T al-li’-miiks-mé yanné=Tillamook.
Tulloolah=Tallulah.
Tu-lo-kai’-di-sel, Tulukagnagamiut=Tuluka.
Tuluksagmiut= ‘Tuluksak.
Tulumono=Tulomos.
Tuluraios=Tularenos.
eee a rotnetunne.
alykapay2=Tulkepaia.
Tuma family=Yuman Family.
Tumangamalum=Gabrieleno.
Tumayas= Yuma.
Tumecha=Tunicha.
Tumeh=Athapascan Family.
Tumewand= Mahican.
Tumican=Timucua.
Tumicha=Tunicha.
Tumitl=Amaikiara.
Timmai mampka wé-i
Spring Indians.
Tum-mault-lau=Tamali.
Tummewatas=Clowwewalla.
Tumpiros=Tompiro.
TumQoa/akyas=Tumkoaakyas.
Tumwater=Clowwewalla.
Tunaghamiut— Tunagak.
Tu’-na-ji-i/=Santa Ana.
Tu’-na‘-p’i7s=Tunanpin.
Tu-huk-nahs = Tu-
peyaktchimmem= Warm
TUCUBAVI—T US-KE-0-WA™
1163 |
Tinavwa=Sia.
Tuncas=Tunica.
Tuncksis=Tunxis.
Tungass, Tungass-kon=Tongas.
Tung-ke=Tungge.
Tungrass=Tongas.
Tunicas=Tonikan Family,
Tu-ni/-cka a*-ya-di’, Tu-ni/-cka ha®-yé, Tunik8a=
Tunica.
Tuniqdjuait=Tornit.
Tunis=Zuni.
Tinné=Athapascan Family.
Tunniakhpuk=Tuniakpuk.
Tunque—Tungge.
Tunscas=Tunica.
Tuntu suxtana=Algemiut.
Tununuk=Tanunak.
Tuolomo=Tulomos.
Tuolumne Indians, Tuolumnes=Tuolumne.
Tuopa=Taos.
Tuozon=Tucson.
Tupanagos=Timpaiayats.
Tupes=Ditsakana.
Tuphamikhuagmut, Tup-hamikva,
Tup-hanikwa=Topanika.
Tuphulga=Attapulgas.
Tup-ka-ak=Topkok.
Tup-kug-ameuts=Tapkachmiut.
Tups=Tupo.
Tuge’-nikaci/ya—Tukhenikashika,
Tuqte’umi=Atuami.
Tuquison, Tuqulson— =Tuscon.
T’u’-qwe-t’a’/gunné’—Tututni.
Turcaroras=Tuscarora.
Turealemnes=Tuolumne.
Turi-ca-chi=Teuricachi.
Turkey-Home, Turkey Town=Pinhoti.
Turkey tribe of the Delawares= de crepe
Turlitan=A tfalati.
Turnip Mountain=Turniptown.
Turn water=Stehtsasamish.
Turrurar, Turruraw=Tallulah.
Turtle gens=Kenikashika.
TurtleMountain band= Mikinakwadshiwininiwak.
Turtle tribe of the Delawares=Unami.
Ti-rxéstl’ tsa’-tun=Turghestltsatun.
Tusabe=Jicarilla.
Tusachrondie=Tiosahrondion.
Tu-sahn=Tzlanapah.
Tusan= Hopi.
Tusayan=Hopi, Tzlanapah.
Tusayan Moqui=—Hopi.
Tuscagee=Taskigi.
Tuscalaways= Tuscarawas.
Tusca Loosa, Tuscaluca=Tascalusa.
Tuscarara, Tuscararo—Tuscarora.
Tuscarawi= Tuscarawas.
Tuscareras, Tuscarooroes-=Tuscarora.
Tuscarorans, Tuscaroras=Tuscarawas.
tusCarorase, Tuscaroraw, Tuscarore haga, Tuscaro-
rens, Tuscarores, Tuscarories, Tuscaroroes, Tusca-
row—Tuscarora.
Tuscarowas= Tuscarawas.
Tuscarura, Tuscaruro—Tuscarora.
Tuscavoroas= Tuscarawas.
Tus-che-pas=Tushepaw.
Tuscoraras=Tuscarora.
Tuscorawas= Tuscarawas.
Tuscorora, Tuscororoes, Tuscoroura, Tuscorure, Tus-
couroro—Tuscarora.
Tu-se-an= Hopi.
Tusehatche.= Fusihatchi.
Tushapaws, Tus-he-pah, Tushepahas,
Tushepaw Flatheads—7Tushepaw.
Tushhanushagota= Yoroonwago.
Tushsaghrendie=Tiosahrondion.
Tushshepah=Tushepaw.
Tush-yit-yay—Tajique.
Tu’sikweo—Tasikoyo.
Tus-kai/-yé, Tus-ka-o-wa”,
rora.
Tuskarawas= Tuscarawas.
Tuskaroes, Tuskarooroe, Tuskarora, Tuskaroraha,
Tuskarorers, Tuskarores, Tuskarorins, Tuskaroro,
Tuskawres=Tuscarora.
Tuskeegies, Tuskeego—Tuskegee.
Tuskege, Tuskegee— Taskigi.
T‘us-ke-0-wa»’, Tuskeroode, Tuskeruda, Tuskeruros,
Tuskierores=Tuscarora.
Tup-hamikwa,
Tushepau,
Tuskararo—Tusca-
1164
Tuskiki, Tuskogee=Tuskegee.
Tuskoraries, Tuskorore=Tuscarora.
Tuskowellow=Tuskawillao.
Tuskroroes, Tusks=Tuscarora.
Tuskugu=Tuskegee.
Tuskurora=Tuscarora.
Tuskwawgomeeg= Nipissing.
Tu-sla, Tu-sla-na-pa, Tu-slan-go=Tzlanapah.
Tusonimé=Tusonimon.
Tiis-qltis’ yinné’=Tuskhlustunne.
Tusquarores, Tusqueroro—Tuscarora.
Tusquittee=Tusquittah.
Tussaghrondie=Tiosahrondion.
Tussapa, Tussapas=Tushepaw.
Tussee=Tawsee.
Tusskegee=Taskigi.
Tussoninio—Tusonimon.
Tustans=Tustur.
Tiis’-ta-tiin qu’/-u-ci =Tustatunkhuushi.
Tusuque=Tesuque.
Tus’/-wa=Fusualgi.
Tusyan= Hopi.
Tutahuca=Tutahaco.
Tu-taiina=Tu.
Tutaliaco=Tutahaco.
Tutaloes=Tutelo.
Tutatamys=Tututni.
Tutchaco=—Tutahaco.
Tut-chohn/-kit-chin, Tutchone-Kutchin, Tutchone-
kut’qin, Tutchon Kutchin, Titch-in-tah’ kutchin,
Tutcone-kut’ qgin=Tutchonekutchin.
Tutecoes, Tuteeves, Tutelas, Tutele=Tutelo.
Tu Thini= Pueblos.
Tuthla-huay, Tuth-la-nay=Acoma.
Tutie, Tutiloes=Tutelo.
Tutiritucar=Uturitue.
Tutloe=Tutelo.
Tutoi band= Nahaego.
Tutoten=Tututni.
Tu-tsan-nde=Lipan.
Tut-seé-was=Tushepaw.
Tutsogemut=Tachik.
Tutsoni=Thotsoni.
Tuttago—Tutago.
Tuttallasee, Tut-tal-leo-see, Tut-tal-lo-see=Tutalosi.
Tuttelars, Tuttelee=Tutelo.
u’-ta=Tututunne.
Tutuhaco—Tutahaco.
Tutulor=Tutelo.
Tutunah=Tututni.
Tutunitucan=Uturitue.
Tututamys, Tu-tuten=Tututni.
Tutu’ téne’, Tu-tu-to-ni=Tututunne.
Tutzose=Tutzone.
Tuuk-soon=Tucson.
Tuvalim=Tubare.
Tuvasak=Toviscanga.
Tuvatei winwi=Tuyachi.
Tavén=Tano.
Tuvoi winwi=Tuvou.
Ti-vii-tei wun-wi=Tuvachi.
Tuwakariwa=Tawakoni.
T;: uwanxa-ike=K likitat.
Tu-wa/ nyt-mi, Tii-wa wun-wu=Tuwa.
Tiwi/-ai, Tawii=Santo Domingo.
Tuwirat=Taos.
Tuwita, Tiwixuide=Santo Domingo.
Tuxaxa=Tohaha.
Tuxeque—Tareque.
Tiaixezé/p=Tuhezep.
Tiyguét, Tiykanne= Wichita.
Tuytchénoyika=Detsanayuka.
Tuytu-kagi=Tukhtukagi.
Tuyétchisk?= Dakota.
Tuzan= Hopi.
Tuzhune=Pusune.
Twa’/ga‘ha’=Ontwaganha.
Twa-ka/-nha’=Chippewa.
Twakanhahors= Missisauga.
Twalaties, Twalaty, Twalites, Twallalty, Twalta-
tines=Atfalati.
Twanoh, Twanug=Twana.
Twechtweys, Tweeghtwees= Miami.
Twé’tini/nde=Tuetinini.
Twghtwees, Twichtwees, Twichtwichs, Twichtwicks,
Twichtwighs, Twichwiches, Twicktwicks, Twick-
twigs, Twictwees, Twictwicts, Twight, Twightees,
Twighteeys, Twighties, Twightwees, Twightwicks,
Twightwies, Twightwighs, Twightwis Roanu, Twig-
tees, Twigthtwees, Twig-Twee, Twigtwicks, Twig-
TUSKIKI—UFALEES
[B. A. BE.
twies, Twigtwig, Twiswicks, Twitchwees, Twithuays
Lwi twitheno = Miami.
Two Cauldrons, Two Kettles=Oohenonpa.
Two-Mountain Iroquois=Oka.
Two Rille band=Oohenonpa.
Two-took-e-ways=Tututunne.
Prowessiie: Twowokana, Twowokauaes = Tawa-
coni.
Tyaiwa/tysh= Lower Chinook.
Tx‘é/ix‘tskuné=Theiktskune.
Tyacappa, Tyakappan—Tyacappan.
Tya-me, Tyami=Dyami.
Tyaoga=Tioga.
Tycappans=Tyacappan.
Tychedas=Taisida.
Tyeachten=Chiaktel.
Tye of Deshute, Tygh, Tyh, Ty-ich, Tyicks=Tyigh.
Tykothee, Tykothee-dinneh=Tukkuthkutchin.
Tymahse=Tomassee.
Tymangoua=Timucua.
Tyndysiukhtana=Aglemiut.
Tyoga=Tioga.
Tyo-na-we"-det=Tonawanda.
Tyo’nesiyo’=Geneseo.
Tyo-non-ta-te-ka=Tiononiati.
Tyopari=Teopari.
Typoxies=Siyante.
Tyschsarondia=Tiosahrondion.
Tzaharagamut, Tzahavagamut,
Tzahavek.
Tzah-dinneh=Tsattine.
Tzeachten=Chiaktel.
Tzedoa=Tse.
Tzéj-gla—Coyoteros.
Tzéj-in-né=Tzecheschinne.
Tzek-iat-a-tanyi=Cueva Pintada.
Tze-kinne= Pima.
Tzen-o-cué=Senecu.
Tze-ojua=Tse.
Tzia=Sia.
Tzibola=Hawikuh.
Tzi-gu-ma, Tzi-gu-may—Cienega.
/Zii=Ssii.
Tzinachini=Tsinazhini.
Tzina hanutch=Tsina.
Tzi-na-ma-a= Mohave.
Tzip-ia Kue=Tsipiakwe.
Tzi-quit-é= Pecos.
Tzi-re-ge—Tshirege.
Tzis-eque-tzillan=Tziseketzillan.
Tzoes= Zoe.
Tzulukis=Cherokee.
Tzahavagamute=
Va-buna-tota=Shipapulima.
U-aha=Omaha.
Valana=Picuris.
UVala-to-hua, Ual-to-hua—Jemez.
Uash-pa Tze-na= Huashpatzena.
Ubate=Tano.
Ubchacha=Oglala.
Ubu= Yupu.
Uburiqui=Imuris.
Uca=Yukian Family.
Ucachile=Osachile.
Ucaltas=Lekwiltok.
Uchagmjut=Uchak.
Uché=Uchean Family.
Uchees=Uchean Family, Yuchi.
Uches=Yuchi.
Uchesees= Lower Creeks.
Uchi/chol=Ochechote.
Uchies= Yuchi.
Uchipweys=Chippewa.
Uchres= Yukichetunne.
Uchulta=Lekwiltok.
Uchys= Yuchi.
Ucista= Ucita.
U-cle-ta=Lekwiltok.
Ucle-tah—Lekwiltok, Ucluelet.
Ucletes=Lekwiltok.
Uclilet= Ucluelet.
Uctetahs=Lekwiltok. :
Vculta=Lekwiltok, Tsakwalooin.
U’-cli wun-wii= Ushu.
Udawak=Ottawa. ‘
Véech-é-neéti= K uhinedi.
UVeena-caw=Huna.
Ufalees, Ufallahs, Ufallays, Ufallees, Ufaula, Ufauley
Ufawlas, Ufewles=Eutaula.
righ ee
BULL. 30]
Ugagog’/mut=Ugagogmiut.
Ugaguk=Igagik.
Ugajuk=Uyak.
Ugakhpa=Quapaw.
Ugalachmiuti, Ugalakmutes, Ugalakmutsi, Ugalen-
schen, Ugalensé, Ugalents, Ugalentse, Ugalentsi,
Ugalentze, Ugalenz, Ugalenze, Ugalenzi, Ugaljach-
mjuten, Ugaljachmutzi= Ugalakmiut.
Ugaijachmutzi = Esquimauan Family, Ugalak-
miut.
Ugalukmute, Ugalyachmusti, Ugalyachmutsi, Ugal-
yachmutzi, Ugalyackh-mutsi= Ugalakmiut.
Uganak=Uganik.
Ugaqpa, U-ga-qpa-qti—Quapaw.
Ugas’hig-mut=Ugashigmiut.
Ugavigamiut, Ugavik—Ugovik.
Ugaypa, Ugaypayti=Quapaw.
Ugiu-ug=Biorka.
eed, eres a
Uglaamie= Utkiavi.
Uglariaq=Uglariak.
Uglivia=Uglovaia.
Ugluxlatuch= Ucluelet.
Ugnasik= Unga.
Ugokhamiut=Uchak.
Ugovigamute=Ugovik.
Uguiug—Beaver.
Uhaiak=Akhiok.
Uh-kos-is-co= Aucocisco.
Uhichako=Ilkatsho.
U-i-kayi ‘lako—Wikaithlako.
UVinakhtagewik=Uinuk.
Vintah Valley Indians, U’-in-tats=Uinta.
Vitanons= Wea.
Vi-ukufki= Weogufka.
Ujange wakixe= Manyinka.
eee seve Oscej0k.
juiapa=Ujuiap.
Uka=Yukian Family, Yukichetunne.
Ukadliq, Ukadlix=Ukadlik.
Ukagamut=Ukak.
Ukag’/emut=Ukagemint.
U-kah-pi=Quapaw.
Ukak=Ikak.
U-ka-nakane=Okinagan.
Uyaqpa=Quapaw.
Uya’qpa-qti= Ukakhpakhti.
Uyagpaqti=Quapaw.
Ukasa, Ukasak=Kansa.
U-ka’-she= Mandan.
Ukdschulik, Ukdshtlik=Ugjulirmiut.
Uk-hoat-nom, Uk’hotnom=Ukohtontilka.
Ukiahs, Ukias=Yokaia.
Ukies= Yukian Family.
Ukiolik= Ukiadliving.
Ukivak=Ukivok.
Ukivog-mut, Ukivokgmut,
miut.
Ukivuk, Ukiwuk=Ukivok.
Ukla falaya=Oklafalaya.
Uknadak= Uknodok.
Ukshivkag-miut=Ukshivikak.
Ukudyata=Ottawa.
Uk-um-nom=Ukomnom.
Ukunadok= Uknodok.
Ukusiksalik, Ukusiksalingmiut, Ukusiksillik—=Uku-
siksalirmiut.
Ukvikhtuligmut=Ukviktulik.
Ukwi’ni, Ukwii/nti=Oconee.
Ulamanusék=Olamon.
Vlastékwi= Malecite.
U-lé-0-wa=Oraibi.
Ulezaiamiut=Ulezara.
Ulibahali=Ullibahali.
Ulkies= Yukian Family.
Ullibalies, Ullibalys=Ullibahali.
Ullulatas=Olulato.
Ulnobah, Ulno mequaegit=Beothukan Family.
Vlokagmiut=Ulokak.
Ulseah=Alsea.
Ultschna=Kulchana.
Ultsehaga, Ultsehua= Eskimo.
Ultz-chna=Kulchana.
Ulucas=Guilitoy.
Ulukagmuts=Ulukakhotana,
Ulukak=Ulukuk.
Ulukuk=Ulukakhotana.
VUlulato=Olulato.
U'lin’/yi=Turniptown.
Ukivokmiut=Ukivog-
UGAGOG/MUT—UP-LA-GOH
1165
U-ma-‘‘ha’’=Omaha.
Umahs= Yuma.
Umanaqluaq, Lares Mrs Umanaqtusq, Umanay-
tuay = Umanaktuak,
U-manhan=Omaha.
Umanos=Tawehash.
Umashgohak=Creeks.
Umatila=Umatilla.
Umbaqua, Umbiqua=Umpqua.
Umeas, Umene= Yuma,
Umerik= Umivik.
Umguas= Umpqua.
Umi‘k=Ahmik.
Umkwa, Um/-kwa-me’ yinné= Umpqua.
Umnak=Nikolski.
Um-nok-a-luk-ta=Umnokalukta.
Umpame= Patuxet.
Umpaquah= Umpqua.
Umpkwa, Umpqua=Kuitsh.
Umpquahs proper, Umpqua Irins, Umqua, Umques=
Umpqua.
Um-too-leaux=Humptulip.
Umudjek=Eiwhuelit.
Unachog= Patchoag.
Unagoungas=A bnaki.
Unagtuligmut=Ungalik.
Unakagamut=Unakagak.
Unakatana, Unakatana Yunakakhotana= Unakho-
tana.
Unaktolik=Ungalik.
Unalachleet=Unalaklik.
Unalachtgo, Unalachtin=Unalachtigo.
Unalaklit= Unalaklik.
Unalaschkaer= Unalaska.
Unalaska=LDliuliuk.
Unaleet=Unaligmiut.
Unalginskoe=Unalga.
Unaliskans=Unalaska.
Unamines, Unamini=Unami.
Unangan=Aleut, Esquimauan Family.
Unatagua, Unataguous, Unataquas= Anadarko.
Unatolik= Ungalik.
Unaungna=Chowigna.
Uncachage=Patchoag.
Uncachogue= Poosepatuck.
Uncaway=Uncowa.
Unchagogs, Unchechauge, Uncheckauke= Patchoag
Uncoes= Wasco.
Uncompahgre=Tabeguache.
Uncoway=Uncowa.
Unc-pah-te=Hunkpatina.
Uncpapa, Uncpappas=Hunkpapa.
Uncpatina=Hunkpatina.
Undatoma/tendi= Potawatomi.
Unéchtgo= Nanticoke.
Unedagoes=Onondaga.
Unescapis, Ungava Indians=Nascapee.
Ungavamiut=Tahagmiut. _
Ungiay6-rono—Seminole.
Uni/in= Unisak.
Unijaima=Unyijaima.
Unikwa= Umpqua.
Un-ka-pa= Unkapanukuints.
Unkar kauagats-Ta-Nouts= Unkakaniguts.
Unka-toma= Unkapanukuints.
Unkée-yuta= Unkcheyuta.
Unkepatines= Hunkpatina.
Unkowas=Uncowa.
Unkpapa, Unkpapa Dakotas, Unkpapas=Hunkpapa
Unktce-yuta—Unkcheyuta.
Unkus Indians= Mohegan.
Unkwas= Uncowa.
Un-nah-tak=Unatak.
Unoktolik=Ungalik.
Unov=San Dieguito.
Unquachog, Unquechauge, Unshagogs—Patchoag.
Unuh=Ona.
Unigin=Esquimauan Family.
Uningun= Aleut.
Un-wu’-si= Angwusi.
Unxus=Tunxis.
UVon-a-gan=Howkan.
Uparsoitac= Upasoitac.
Upatrico=Comupatrico.
Upatsesatuch=Opitchesaht.
Upernavik=Upernivik.
Uphaulie towns= Eufaula.
Upiktalik—Opiktulik.
Up-la-goh=Takimilding.
1166
Uplanders=Plaikni,
Upland Indians= Mohegan.
Up-le-goh=Takimilding.
Upotoi=Apatai.
Up-pa= Hupa.
Up-pa-goines, Up-pah-goines=Opegoi.
Upper Brules=Kheyatawichasha.
Upper Castle=Canajoharie.
Upper Cheehaws=Chiaha.
Upper Chihalis=K waiailk.
Upper Coquille= Mishikhwutmetunne.
Upper Cowetas town=Kawita.
Upper Cree=Sakawithiniwuk.
Upper Dakotas=Santee.
Upper De Chutes=Tyigh.
Upper Esquimaux of Begh-ula or Anderson’s River=
Kitegareut.
Upper Eufalla, Upper Euphaules= Eufaula.
Upper Gens du fou=Trotsikkutchin.
Upper Killamuks=Tillamook.
Upper Klamath=Karok.
Upper Kootanais, Upper Kootanie, Upper Kootenay,
Upper Kootenuha= Upper Kutenai.
Upper Matchodic, Upper Mattschotick= Matchotic.
Upper Medewakantwans= Upper Mdewakanton.
Upper Mohawk Castle=Canienga.
Upper Oakfuske=Oakfuskee.
Upper Pend d’Oreilles=Kalispel.
Upper Platte Indians=Kheyatawichasha.
Upper Puyallup=Tooahk.
Upper Rogue River Indians=Takelma,
Upper Seesetoan=Kahra.
Upper Senecas=Geneseo.
Upper Spokanes=Spokan. -
Upper Tsihalis=K waiailk.
Upper Ufale= Eufaula.
Upper Umpqua= Umpqua.
Upper Wakpaton= Mdeiyedan.
Up-pup-pay=Nez Percés.
U’pqa»=Upkhan. Bite ee
Upsaraukas, Upsarocas, Up-sa-ré-ka, Up-shar-look-
kar, Upsook, Up-sor-ah-kay=Crows.
Uquiota—Oquitoa.
U-qwaiké=Ukhwaiksh.
Ura=Uva.
Uraba=Taos.
Uragees=Mahican.
Urai-Nuints=Uainuints.
Urawis=Unami.
Ure=Opata.
Urriba cuxi, Urribarracuxi=Tocobaga.
Ur’thlaina tai’/na=Urhlaina.
Usauleys, Usawla, Usawles= Eufaula.
Usaya, Usaya-kue, Usayan=Hopi.
U’-se=Ushu.
Usechees=Osotchi.
Usheree, Usherie, Ushery=Catawhba.
Ush-ke-we-ah= Bannock.
Ushkimani’tigog=Oukiskimanitouk.
Ushpi= Ofogoula.
Usietshawus=Tillamook.
Uskee, Uskeemé, Uskeemi, Uskimay=Eskimo.
Uskok=Hiyayulge.
Uskwawgomees= Montagnais.
Usquemows= Eskimo.
Ussagénéwi, Ussaghenick— Montagnais.
Usseta= Kasihta.
Ussinebwoinug= Assiniboin.
Ussinnewudj—=Sarsi.
Us-suc-car-shay= Mandan.
Ustana=Timucua.
Ustenary=Ustanali.
Ustu=Ustoma.
Usuchees=Osotchi.
Usuoke-haga=Oswegatchie.
Usutchi=Osotchi.
Utagamig= Foxes.
Utahs=Ute.
Utaisita—Kadohadacho.
Utamis= Miami.
Uta/mqtamux= Lower Thompson Indians.
Utaobaes=Ottawa.
Utas=Ute.
Utdséta= Kadohadacho.
Utawas, Utawawas=Ottawa.
Utaws=Ute.
Utce-ci-nyu-mth=Apache.
Ut-cha-pah, Ut-cha-pas, Ut-chap-pah=Uchapa.
UPLANDERS—VEACHILE
Utchees=Uchean Family, Yuchi.
Utchis= Yuchi,
Utcitcak=Ojeejok.
Ute=Mogqtavhaitaniu.
Ute Diggers =Puitte.
Utella= Umatilla.
Utiangue, Utianque=Autiamque.
Utillas= Umatilla.
Utilltue=Uturituc.
Utinama, Utinamocharra=Utina.
Utinom=Usal.
Utiqimitung=Utikimitung.
Utkeagvik, Utkeaire, Utkiaving, Utkiavwin=Utki-
avi.
Utkiavwinmiun= Utkiavinmiut.
Utku-hikalik, Ut-ku-hikaling-méut, Ut-ku-sik-kaling-
mé-ut, Utkusiksalik, Utkutciki-alin-méut=Uku-
siksalirmiut.
Utlak-soak=Utlaksuk.
Utnux tana=Ahtena.
Utovautes=Ottawa.
tsaamu= Apache.
Utsanango—Chenango,
Ut-scha-pahs= Uchapa.
Utschies=Uchean Family, Yuchi.
Utschim, Utschium, Utschiun=Uchium,
Utsia—Ute.
Utsushuat=Quapaw.
Uttawa=Ottawa.
Uttewas= Masset.
Utukakgmut=Utukamiut.
Uturicut=Uturituc.
Uturpe=Atarpe.
Uubum= Yupu.
Uuschkétan= Wushketan.
Uvas=Uva.
Uvkusigsalik=Ukusiksalirmiut.
Uwaga’/hi=Ocoee.
Uwaha=Omaha.
Uwarrow Suk-suk=Uwarosuk,.
Uwatayo-rono=Cherokee.
Uwe/len=Ulak.
Uwinty-Utahs=Uinta.
xul=Lipan.
Uyada=Cherokee.
Uye-Lackes=Wailaki.
Uy’ gila’gi—Oothcaloga.
Uzachil=Osachile.
Uzajes=Osage.
Uzela=Osachile.
Uzinkee= Uzinki.
Uzutiuhe, U-zu-ti-u-we=Uzutiuhi.
Va/-aki=Casa Blanea.
Vaca=Baca.
Vacapa=Matape.
Vaccay=Wakokayi.
Vaceraca=Baserac.
Vacupa= Matape.
Vacus=Acoma.
Vagueros=Querechos.
Valachi= Apalachee.
Valencia=Tomé.
Valero=San Antonio de Valero.
Valladolid=Taos.
Vallatoa=Jemez. ‘
Valley Indians=Daupom Wintun.
Valverde=Sempoapi.
Vampe=Nambe.
Vane-ta-Kouttchin= Vuntakutchin.
Vancouvers=Klikitat.
Van-tah-koo-chin, Vanta-Kutchi, Vanta-Kutchin,
Vanta kutshi= Vuntakutchin. .
Vanyume=Serranos.
Vaqueros=Querechos.
Varogio= Varohio.
Vashichagat= Vagitchitchate.
Vassconia= Papago.
Vatepito—Batepito.
Vatica=Vahia.
Vat-qi=Casa Grande.
Vatuco=Batuco.
Va Vak=Casa Blanca.
Vawiulile=Baborigame.
Vaxacahel= Vazacahel.
Vaysaylovskoi=Veseloiski.
Vay-ua-va-vi= Vayuavabi.
Veachile=Axille.
[B. A. B.-
ES eS oe ee
BULL. 30]
Veeards=Wiyat.
Venanga, Venargo, Veneango, Veningo= Venango.
Venizali=Vinasale.
Ven-ta-Kuttchin= Vuntakutchin.
Vermillion=Zutsemin.
Vermillion Kickapoos, Vermillions= Vermilion.
Veselévskoe= Veselofski.
Veshanacks, Vesnacks=Vesnak.
Vesselovsky= Veselofski.
Viandots= Huron.
Viard=Wiyat.
Viaundo=San Francisco Xavier de Viggé-Biaundo.
Vicanque=Autiamque.
Victoria, Victoria de Ojio—Ojio.
Vicuris= Picuris.
Vidaes, Vidais, Vidays=Bidai.
Vieux de la Mer—Nellagottine.
Vieux Desert, Vieux De Sert band—Gatagetegaun-
ing.
Vigge Biaundo—San Francisco Xavier de Viggé
Biaundo.
Villa de los Coragones=Corazones.
Villa farta=Cholupaha.
Village des Chaouanons=Sewickley.
Village des Noyers—Talasse.
Village du Loups=Venango.
Village Indians= Pueblos.
Village of Odd Waters=Kechipauan.
Village of Prarie=Tintaotonwe.
Village of Sixes=Taoapa.
Village of the Basket—Tungge.
Village of the Rainbow=Bejuituuy.
Village of the Two Mountains=Oka.
Village of the White Flowering Herbs=Hampasa-
wan.
Village of the Winds=Pinawan.
Village of the Worm=Puaray.
Village of the Yellow Rocks=Heshotahluptsina.
Ville de Bois=Logstown.
Ville de Jean=Mohickon John’s Town.
Ville des nouveaux venus=Newcomerstown.
Vinango= Venango.
Vineyard Indians= Martha’s Vineyard Indians.
Viniettinen-née=Tontos.
Viningo= Venango.
Vinisahle=Vinasale.
Vinni ettinenne=Tontos.
Vintacottas= Vinatacot.
.Vi-pi-sét=Casa Montezuma.
Vi-qit= Vikhit.
Viranque=Autiamque.
Vi-ra-ri-ka, Virdrika=Huichol.
Virgin River Paiutes=Shivwits,
Vishalika=Huichol.
Vitachuco=Ivitachiico.
Vi'tapatu/i= Kiowa.
Vites=Huite.
Vivais=Bidai. Kk
Vlibahalj=Ullibahali.
Vnchechange, Vncheckaug=Patchoag.
Vnnagoungos= Abnaki.
Vnquechauke= Patchoag.
Voen-Kuttchin=Vuntakutchin.
Vohopiim=Santan.
Volvon=Bolbone.
Voragio=Varohio.
Vosnessensky= Vossnessenski.
Voudt-way Kutchin=Vuntakutchin,
Vozesnesky— V ossnessenski.
Vparsoytac= Upasoitac.
Vpelois=White Apple.
Vpland Indianes= River Indians.
Vrribarracuxi=Tocobaga.
Vsacus= Acoma.
Vtamussack=Uttamussac.
Vtiangue=Autiamque.
Vttamussak—Uttamussac.
Vttamussamacoma=Uttamussamacoma.
Vttasantasough=Chickahominy.
Vturitue=Uturitue.
Vuikhtuligmute= Vuikhtulik.
Vule Pugas=Calapooya.
Vulture people=Suwuki Ohimal.
Waahktoohook=Westenhuck.
Waakiacums, Waakicum= Wahkiakum.
Waakpacootas=Wahpekute,
Waas= Wea.
Waatenilits—Ute.
Wabaage=Quabaug.
VEEARDS—W AGANNES
1167
Wabanackies, Wabanakees, Wabanakis, Wabanika,
Wabanike, Wabanocky=Abnaki.
Wabaquassuck, Wabaquisit= Wabaquasset.
Wabasca=Athapascan Family.
Wabasha band, Wabashaw band, Wabashaw’s band,
Wabashaw’s sub-band=Kiyuksa.
Wabash confederacy, Wabash confederates, Wabash
Indians= Wabash.
Wabasimowininiwag = Wabasemowenenewak.
Wabbequasset= Wabaquasset.
es Wabénaki senobe, Wabenauki=Ab-
naki.
Wabequassets, Wabequisset— Wabaquasset.
Wabigna, Wabinga, Wabingies= Wappinger.
Wabipetons= Wahpeton.
-Wabishesh= Wabezhaze.
Wabisibiwininiwag= Wapisiwisibiwininiwak.
Wabi'tigwayang=Obidgewong.
Wableniéa, Wablenitca= Wablenicha.
Wab-na-ki= Abnaki.
Wabquissit= Wabaquasset.
Wabushaw=Kiyuksa.
Wacabe=Dtesanhadtadhishan.
Wasave=Osage. .
Waodoe ska=Washasheska.
Waoa/oe Want”’= Washashewanun.
Wacacoys= Wakokayi.
Wacalamus=Thlakalama.
Wacamuc=Cathlacumup.
Wacantuck=Wacuntug.
Wacape=Wachape.
Waccamaus, Waccamawe= Waccamaw.
Waccanessisi= Wakanasisi.
Waccay=Wakokayi.
Wacco= Waco.
Waccoa, Waccoam=Woccon.
Waccocoie= Wakokayi.
Waccomassees= Waccamaw.
Waccon=Woccon.
Wacemaus= Waccamaw.
Waseonpa= Wacheonpa, Wacheunpa.
Waceuypa= Wacheunpa.
Wacha= Waco.
Wa-cha-et, Wa-cha-hets= Wechikhit.
Wachamnis=Wikchamni.
Wachas=Washa.
Wachatawmaha= Wakatomica.
Wachaw= Waxhaw.
Wa-che-ha-ti, Wa-che-nets, Wa-che-ries, Waches=
Wechikhit.
Wachipuanes=Chipewyan.
Wach-ki-a-cum= Wahkiakum.
Wachos= Waco.
Wachpecoutes=Wahpekute.
Wachquadnach= Wechquadnach.
Wachuknas=Michopdo.
Wag¢igije=Wadhigizhe.
Wa-ti’-om-pa= Wacheunpa.
Wa-ci-pi=Walpi.
Wa-cissa-talofa=Vasisa.
Wagitas=Wadhitan.
Waciteu"-tci*tca= Washichunchincha.
Wackakoy=Wakokayi.
Wackiacums, Wackkiacums= Wahkiakum.
Wack-sa-che= Waksachi.
Wacksaws= Waxhaw.
Wacksoyochees= Woksoyudshi.
Wacoah, Wacoes= Waco, Wasco.
Wa-come-app=Cathlacumup.
Wacon=Woccon.
Waculi=Tepecano.
Wacumtung=Wacuntug.
Wacuq¢a= Missouri.
Waditada=Oto.
Wadchuset= Wachuset.
Waddapadschestiner= Waddapawjestin.
Waddington Harbour=Wadington Harbor.
Wad-doké-tah-tah=Oto.
Wadjusset= Wachuset.
Wadjuta tanga—Chedunga.
hats rae ts’ey€=Tayachazhi.
Wa-dook-to-da, Wa-do-tan, Wadétata—Oto.
Wadouissians— Dakota.
Waecoe, Waeko= Waco.
Waerinnewangh= Waranawonkong.
Waeuntug=Wacuntug.
Waganhaers, Waganhaes=Ontwaganha, Ottawa.
Waganhas, Waganis=—Ottawa.
Wagannes=Ontwaganha, Ottawa.
1168
Wa-ge’ku-te= Wazikute.
Wagenhanes=Ottawa.
Waggamaw, Waggoman= Waccamaw.
Waghaloosen=Wyalusing.
Waghatamagy, Waghhatawmaky=Wakatomica.
Wagh-toch-tat-ta=Oto.
Waginxak= Waginkhak.
Wagluge, Waglulie, Wagluge= Waglukhe.
Wagmesset= Wamesit.
Wagunha=Ottawa.
Wa/gushag= Foxes.
Wagushagi= Wokoawissojik.
Wa-ha=Wehatsa.
Wa’hah=Wahat.
Wa’-ha’-ha’=Wehatsa.
Wa-la-lé-zo-wen=Waglezaoin.
Wahannas=Ontwaganha, Ottawa.
Wahashas=Osage.
Wa-ha-shaw’s tribe=Kiyuksa.
Wahasuke= Nayuharuke.
Wahatsadsh=Waha.
Wahch-Pe-Kutch, Wahch-Pekuté= Wahpekute.
Wahclellah=Watlala.
Wahcoota=Khemnichan.
Wahga=Wazhazhe.
Wah-hay-koo-tay=Wahpekute.
Wah-ho’-na-hah= Potawatomi.
Wah-how-pum= Wahowpum.
Wahit¢aga, Wahityaha=Potawatomi.
Wah-kah-towah=Chippewa.
Wahkaykum= Wahkiakum.
Wahk-cha’-he-da= Wakchekhikikarachada.
Wah-kee-on Tun-kah=Wakinyantanka.
Wahkenkumes= Wahkiakum.
Wahki=Casa Grande.
Wahkiacum, Wahkiahkums, Wah-kia-kum, Wahkia-
kume, Wahkiakums= Wahkiakum.
Wahkiruxkanumanke=Shoshoni.
Wah-Koo-Tay=Khemnichan.
Wahkpacoota, Wahkpacootay, Wahkpakoota,
Wahkpakota, Wahkpako toan=Wahpekute.
Wahkpa toan, Wahk-patons= Wahpeton.
Wahktoohook= Westenhuck.
Wahkuti band=Khemnichan.
Wahkyecums, Wahkyekum, Wahkyskum=Wah-
kiakum.
Wahlahwahlah=Wallawalla.
Wa-hlak-kui’-kee= Wahlakalgi.
Wah-lal-la—Watlala.
Wah-lik-nas’/-se=Tubatulabal.
Wah-ma-dee Tunkah band=Ohanhanska.
Wah muk a-hah’-ve= Mohave.
Walna=Wakhna.
Wahnookt—Klikitat.
W’a-h‘o-na-ha— Potawatomi.
Wahpaakootah, Wahpaakootas, Wah-pa-coo-la,
Wah’-pa-coo-ta, Wahpacoota Sioux, Wahpacootay
Sioux, Wah-pa-costa=Wahpekute.
Wah’-pah-say’-pon= White Raceoon’s Village.
Wah-pa-koo-ta, Wahpakootah Sioux, Wahpakooty,
Wahpakutas=Wahpekute.
Wahpatoan Sioux, Wahpaton, Wah’-pa-tone= Wah-
peton.
Wahpatoota, Wahpay-hoo-tays, Wahpaykootays=
Wahpekute.
Wah-pay-toan, Wah-pay-toan-wan Dakotas, Wah-
ay-to wan= Wahpeton,
ahpeconte= Wahpekute.
Wahpeeton, Wah-pee-ton Sioux, Wahpehtonwan=
Wahpeton.
Wahpekootays, Wahpekutey, Wahpekuti, Wa-hpe-
kwtes=Wahpekute.
Wahpetongs, Wahpetonway= Wahpeton.
Walipetonwan-lica=Wakhpetonwankhcha.
Wahpe-tonwans= Wahpeton.
Wab-pi-mins-kink= Wapeminskink.
Wah-pi-ko-me-kunk= Wapicomekoke.
Wah-ral-lah=Watlala.
Wahsahzhe, Wahsash=Osage.
Wah-sherr=Wakhshek.
Wah-shoes= Washo.
Wah-si= Wakhshek.
Wahtani= Mandan.
Wah-toh-ta-na, Wahtohtanes, Wahtohtata, Wah-
tok-ta-ta, Wah-tooh-tah-tah—Oto.
Walh-to’-pali-an-da-to, Wah-to-pah-han-da-toh=Wa-
topachnato.
Wah-to-pan-ah, Wah-to’-pap-inah—=Watopapinah,
WA-GE/KU-TE—WALAWALA
[B. A. B.
Wahbupums=Wahowpum.
Wahute band=Khemnichan.
Wah-we-ah’-tung-ong, Wah-wee-ah-tenon= Wea.
Wah-wol=Wowol.
Wahza-zhe= Wazhazha.
Wah-ze-ah we-chas-ta=Northern Assiniboin,
Wahzhazas=Wazhazha.
Wah’-zi-ah=Northern Assiniboin.
Wah-zu-cootas= Wazikute.
Waiam, Waidm-‘lema=Wiam.
Waiilatpu=Cayuse, Waiilatpuan Family.
Waikaikum= Wahkiakum.
Waikemi=Daupom Wintun.
Wai’-kén-mok= Waikenmuk.
Wailakki=Wailaki.
Wailatpu=Cayuse, Waiilatpuan Family.
Waillatpus=Cayuse.
Waiomink= Wyoming.
Wai-ri-ka=Shasta.
Waita/nkni= Warm Spring Indians,
Wait-lat-pu=Cayuse.
Waitshum’ni=Wikchamni.,
Wait-spek= Yurok.
Waiwaiaikai—Wiwekae.
Waiyat=Wishosk.
Wajaja= Wazhazha.
Wajaje=Osage, Ta, Wazhazhe.
Wajingaetage— Wezhinshte.
Wajin’ya énikaci’/ya=Wazhinkaenikashika.
Wajomick, Wajomik—=Wyoming.
Wajuomne= Wapumne.
Wa-ju’-qd¢a— Missouri.
Wak=Casa Grande,
Wa-ka=Wakan.
Wa4-kah=Waha. ; ef
Yaa ey Wakaikam, Wakaikum = Wahkia-
um.
Wakamass, Wakamucks=Cathlacumup. -
Wakanasceces, Wa-kan-a-shee-shee, Wakanashishi
Wakanasisse, Wakanasissi= Wakanasisl.
Wakan’/ta=Cheghita.
Waka"tcara= Wakanchara.
Wakash=Nootka, Salishan Family.
Wakatamake, Wakautamike=Wakatomica.
Wakazoo=Mekadewagamitigweyawininiwak.
Wakcogo=Waccogo.
Wa-keeh’=Wakan.,
Wakesdachi= Waksachi.
Waketummakie= Wakatomica.
Wakh=Casa Grande,
Wakhpekute= Wahpekute.
Wakhpetonwan= Wahpeton.
Waki=Shipaulovi.
Wakiakums, Wakicums= Wahkiakum.
Wakidohka-numak=Shoshoni.
Wakinas=Arikara.
Wako, Wakoe=Waco.
Wakoka-i=Wakokayi.
Wa-kon/-cha-ra= Waninkikikarachada.
Wa-kon/-na=Wakanikikarachada.
Wakootay’s band=Khemnichan.
Wakoquet= Waquoit.
Wakos= Waco.
Wakoshawisotcigi= Wakoawissojik,
Wakouiechiwek=Chisedec. >
Wa-kpa-a-ton-we-dan=Oyateshicha.
Wakpakootas= Wahpekute.
Wakpaton=Wakpaatonwan.
Wakpaton Dakota, Wak-pay ton—Wahpeton.
Wak-pe-ka-te, Wak-pe-ku-te= Wahpekute.
Wak-pe-ton Dakota= Wahpeton.
Wak-po’-ki-an, Wakpokinya=Wakpokinyan.
Waksoyochees= Woksoyudshi. —
Wa-ktce/-qi i-ki/-ka-ra/-tca-da=Wakchekhiikika-
rachada.
Wakuisaske-6ns=Saint Regis.
Wakushég= Foxes.
Wakuta band, Wa-ku-te, Wakute’s band=Khem-
nichan.
Wak-we-ot-ta-non= Wea. P
Walacumnies, Walagumnes= Walakumni.
Walalshimni= Walalsimni.
Walamskni, Walamswash=Chastacosta.
Wa-la-nah=Jemez.
Walapai kwe=Walapai.
Walasi’yi= Frogtown.
Walatoa=—Jemez.
Walawala, Wal-a-Waltz=Wallawalla.
/
BULL. 30]
Walega on wohan=Waleghaunwohan.
Wales=Eidenu.
Walexa-o"-woha"= Waleghaunwohan,
Walhalla=Gualala.
Walhominies= Menominee.
Walinaki=Wewenoce.
Walipekutes= Wahpekute.
Walis-kwa-ki-ool=Walas Kwakiutl.
Wa/litsum=Hahamatses.
Walker River Pi-Utes=Agaihtikara.
Walkers=Shoshoko.
Wallah Wallah=Wallawalla.
Wal-lal-sim-ne= Walalsimni.
Wallamettes=Clowwewalla.
Wallamute=Ugalakmiut.
Wal-la-pais= Walapai.
Wall-a-pi=Walpi.
Wallas=Wallie.
Walla-Wallahs, Walla-Wallapum=Wallawalla.
Walla-Walloo=Wishosk.
Wal-la-waltz, Wallawollah, Wallewahos=Walla-
walla.
Wal’-li=Wallie.
Wallow Wallow=Wallawalla.
Wall-Pah-Pe=Walapai.
Walnonoak=Wewenoc.
Walnut Village—Ousagoucoulas.
Wal-pah-pee Snakes, Walpahpe Snakes, Walpalla—
Waipapi.
Wal-pé, Walpians=Walpi.
Walyepai=Walapai.
Wamakava=Mohave.
Wamanus= Wiminuche.
Wamasit=Wamesit.
Wamasqueaks= Warrasqueoc.
Wambesitts=Wamesit.
Wam-bi-li’-ne-ca= Wablenicha.
Wamenuche= Wiminuche.
Wameset, Wamesut, Wammeset= Wamesit.
Wamnuga-oiy, Wamnuxa-oi9= Wamnughaoin.
Wampa= Yampa.
Wampangs, Wampano, Wam-pa-no-gas, Wampa-
nooucks= Wampanoag.
Wam-pa-nos=Wappinger.
Wampeage= Wampanoag.
Wamponas= Wappinger.
Wamponoags= Wampanoag.
Wampum-makers= A bnaki.
Wamussonewug= Monsoni.
Wanak= Dakota.
Wanama‘kewajink= Wanamakewajenenik.
Wanami=Unami.
Wanamuka's band=Winnemucca’s Band.
Wananoak=Wewenoc.
Wanapim=Sokulk.
Wanats=Huron.
Wanaxe= Wanaghe.
Wanbanaghi, Wanbanaki, Wanbanakkie, Wanb-
naghi=Abnaki.
Wanchas=Washa.
Wandats= Huron.
Wanderers=Detsanayuka, Missiassik.
Wan-dor-gon-ing = Ketchewaundaugenink.
Wandots—Huron.
Wané-asin’tlinyi= Hickory Log.
Wanexit= Manexit.
Wangadacea=Secotan.
Wang’-kat=Howungkut.
Wangum=Wongunk.
ee en teeda = Waninkikikaracha-
a.
Wanjoacks=Nottoway.
Wankatamikee=Wakatomica.
Wannaton=Pabaksa.
Wan-nawega, Wa"-nawexa, Wan-nee-wack-a-ta-o-
ne-lar=Wannawegha.
Wannemuches= Wiminuche.
Wanonoaks= Wewenoc.
Wanoolchie=Wenatchi.
Wantats=Huron.
Wa-nuk’e-ye’-na=Hidatsa.
Waoming=W voming.
Waoranecks, Waoraneky=Waoranec.
WaS8aiation—Wea.
Wapaghkanetta, Wapaghkonetta, Wapahkonetta,
Wapakanotta, Wapakonakunge= Wapakoneta.
Wapakotah=Wahpekute.
Wa’pamétant= Yakima.
Wapanachk= A bnaki.
3456—Bull. 30, pt 2—07——74
WALEGA ON WOHAN—WARRANAWANKONGS
1169
Wapanachki=Abnaki, Brotherton,
Stockbridge.
Wapanaki, Wapanakihak, Wapanayki ha-akon, Wa-
anends, Wapaniy/kyu=A bnaki.
apanoos= Wappinger.
Wapaquassett=Wabaquasset.
Wapasepah= White Raccoon’s Village.
Wapasha’s band, Wapashaw’s village, Wa-pa-shee,
Wapatha=Kiyuksa.
Wapato Lake—A tfalati.
Wapatomica=Wakatomica.
Wapatone, Wa-pa-toone= Wahpeton.
Wa-pa-too-ta=Wahpekute.
Wapatu, Wapatu Lake=Atfalati.
Wapauckanata, Wapaughkonetta,
netta= Wapakoneta.
Wapaykoota= Wahpekute.
Wapeminskink= Woapikamikunk.
Wapenacki=Abnaki.
Wapenocks= Wampanoag.
Wapeto=Atfalati.
Wapingeis, Wapinger, Wapingoes=Wappinger.
Wapings= Pompton, Wappinger.
Wapintowaher= Wahpeton.
Wapo=Wappo.
Wapoghoognata= Wapakoneta.
Wapoomney=Wapumne.
Wapoos= Potawatomi.
Wapoto Lake=Atfalati.
Wappacoota= Wahpekute.
Wappanoos= Wappinger.
Wappato=A tfalati.
Wappatomica=Wakatomica.
Wappatoo=Atfalati.
Wappaukenata= Wapakoneta.
Wappenackie= A bnaki.
Wappenger= Wappinger.
Wappenos=Abnaki, Wappinger.
Wappinck, Wappinex, Wappinges, Wappingh, Wap-
pingos, Wappings, Wappinoes, Wappinoo, Wap-
pinx=Wappinger.
Wappitong= Wahpeton.
Waptai’/lmim= Yakima.
Wapto=Atfalati.
Wa-pu-chu-se-amma= Waputyutsiama.
Wapumney, Wapumnies= Wapumne.
Wa-pi-nah-ki= A bnaki.
Wa’qa-iqam= Wahkiakum.
Wagq#exe-agin—Zhanhadtadhishan,
Waqdynx¢in= Wakhakukdhin.
Wa/-q!Emap=Wakemap.
Waqna=Wakhna.
Wa-qote’/=Iowa.
Wa-qpe’-to--wa2— Wahpeton.
Waranakarana= Naywaunaukauraunah,
Waranancongyns, Waranawancougy, Waranawan-
kongs= Waranawonkong.
Waranoco= Waranoke.
Sia Se Tenee, Waranwankongs= Waranawon-
ong.
War-are-ree-kas=Tazaaigadika.
Waraskoyack, Waraskweag=Warrasqueoc.
Waratcha, Waratka, Waratkass=Wenatchi.
Waraton=Maraton.
Waraye=Osage.
Warbigganus= Wabigganus.
Warchas= Washa.
Warciacoms, War ci a cum, War-ci-4-cum=Wah-
kiakum.
War eagle people=Hangkautadhantsi.
Warenecker, Warenocker=Waoranec.
War-gun-uk-ke-zee= Waganakisi.
Warkiacom, Warkiacum= Wahkiakum,
Wark-pay-ku-tay = Wahpekute.
Wark-pey-t’wawn= Wahpeton.
Warm Spring Indians=Tenino, Warm Spring
Apache.
Warner’s Ranch Indians=Agua Caliente.
Waroanekins= Waoranec.
Waronawanka= Waranawonkong.
Warpaton= Wahpeton.
ba setae ig) Warpekute, Warpekutey=Wahpe-
ute.
Warpeton, War-pe-ton-wan, War-pe-t’wans=Wah-
eton.
arpicanata= Wapakoneta.
Warraghtinooks= Wea.
Warranawankongs, Warranawonkongs=Warana-
wonkong.
Delaware,
Wapaughkon-
1170
Warranoke= Waoranec,
Warraricas= Waradika.
Warraskorack, Warraskoyack, Warrasqueaks,
War-ras-squeaks= Warrasqueoc.
Warrawannankoncks= Waranawonkong.
Warriscoyake= Warrasqueoc,
Warronocke, Warronoco= Waranoke.
Warshas=Washa.
Wartokes=Watok.
Wartoolaharka=Tonanulla.
Warynawoncks= Waranawonkong.
Wasaazj—Osage.
Wiasa’/ba, Wasabaetage, Wa-sa-ba-eta-je—Wasabe.
Wasabe hit‘aji=Wasabe, Wasabehitazhi.
Wasa e’/nikaci’xa= Wasaenikashika.
Wasagahas, Wasage=Osage.
Wasakshes= Waksachi.
Wasama=A wani.
Wasapekent= Wasapokent.
Wa-sa-sa-o-no, Wa-sa’/-seh-o-no= Dakota.
Wasashe, Wa-sa-shis, Wa’sassa—Osage.
Wasawanik=—Ouasouarini.
Wa-sa-wi-ca-xta-xni=Ohanhauska.
Wasawsee, Wasbasha=Osage.
Wascoes, Was-co-pam, Wascopan, Wascopaw, Was-
copens, Wascopums= Wasco.
Wase-ish-ta=Wezhinshte.
Waseju-it aji= Wasedtuitazhi.
Wa-sha-ba= Washabe.
Washacum= Weshacum.,.
Washai’ki, Wash/-a-keeks
Washakie’s Band.
Washas=Osage, Washa.
Wa-sha-she= Osage.
Wash-a-tung=Inshtasanda.
Washaws=Washa, Washo.
Washbashaws= Osage.
Washikeek—Washakie’s Band.
Washington Harbor=Sequim.
Washita, Washittas= Wichita.
Washo’xla=Oto.
Washpcoute, Washpecoate, Washpeconte, Wash-
pecoutongs= Wahpekute.
Washpelong, Washpetong= Wahpeton.
Washpi= Walpi.
Washpotang= Wahpeton.
Wash-sashe=Osage.
Washtenaw= Wea.
Washt Kahapa= White Earth.
Wa’shitse—Sandia.
Wasi¢un-cinéa= Washichunchincha.
Wasita= Wichita.
Wasiu= Washo.
Wasko, Waskopam, Waskosin, Waskows= Wasco.
Was-mil-ches= Wimilchi.
Wa-sob-be nika-shing-ga= Wasabe.
Wassash, Wassashsha=Osage.
Wassawomees= Iroquois.
Was-saws= Washo, Waxhaw.
Wasses=Ouasouarini.
Wastana= Waxhaw.
ji ar ea ea Wasuwicaxtanxi= Passing Hail’s
Band.
Waswigaming=Wauswagiming.
Waswaganiwininiwag= Wahsuahgunewininewug.
Waswarini=Ouasouarini.
Was-waw-gun-nink= Wauswagiming.
Wataga, Wata/gi— Watauga.
Watahpahata= Kiowa.
Watanons= Wea.
Watarees, Watary=Wateree.
Watasoons=Amahami.
Wa-tat-kah=Wabhtatkin.
Watawawininiwok—Ottawa.
Watcape=Wachape.
Watceo=pa, Watceu"pa= Wacheunpa.
Watch-ahets=Wechikhit.
Watchamshwash= Wachamshwash.
Wat-ches= Wechikhit.
Watchusets= Wachuset.
Wateknasi=Tubatulabal.
Wateni’hte=Siksika.
Wate-pana-toes, Watepaneto=Kiowa.
Water=Minnepata.
Wateree Chickanee= Wateree.
Watermelon Town=Totstalahoeetska.
Waterrees= Wateree.
Wathl-pi-e= Walpi.
Watlalla=Watilala.
band, Washano=
WARRANOKE—WAZAZA
[B. A. E.
Watoga, Watoge= Watauga.
Watohtata—Oto.
Watooga=Watok.
Watopana=Watopapinah.
Wato’ta=Oto.
Watpaton=Wakpaatonwan.
Watsa-he-wa=Watsaghika.
Watsequendo=Watsequeorda’s Band.
Wat-so-ke-wa= Watsaghika.
Wattasoons=Amahami.
Watterree— Wateree.
Wat-tokes=Watok.
Wattoogee— Watauga.
Wattos=Wappo.
Wayjzitata=Oto.
Wau-ba-na-kees=Abnaki.
Waubash Indians= Wabash.
Waub-ish-ash-e= Wabezhaze.
Waubose= Maskegon, Sugwaundugahwininewug.
Waub-un-uk-eeg= A bnaki.
Wauch-ta=Tashhuanta.
Waugan=Waugau.
Waughwauwame= Wyoming.
Waughweoughtennes, Waugweoughtannes— Wea.
Wauh-tecq=Wakhtek.
Waukatamike, Waukataumikee, Waukatomike—
Wakatomica.
Waukiacum, Wau-ki-a-cums, Waukiecum’s, Wauki-
kam, Wau-ki-kum= Wahkiakum.
Waukouta band=Khemnichan.
Waulapta, Waulatpas, Waulatpus—Cayuse.
Wau-lit-sah-mosk=Hahamatses. |
Waupacootar=Wahpekute.
Waupatone= Wahpeton.
Wauphauthawonaukee= Wapakoneta.
Wausashe=Osage.
Waushakee’s band= Washakie’s Band.
Wauwaughtanees= Wea.
Wawah=Maidu, Wintun.
Wawaightonos= Wea.
Wawamie= Wyoming.
Wawarasinke, Wawarsing= Wawarsink.
Wawayoutat—Wawayontat.
Wawbunukkeeg=A bnaki.
Wawcottonans= Wea.
Wawechkairini= Weskarini.
Waweenock= Wewenoc.
Wawehattecooks= Wea.
Wawenech, Wawenock= Wewenoce.
Waweotonans, Waweoughtannes= Wea.
Waweskairini=Weskarini.
War cieene ees Waw-gun-uk-ke-zie= Wagana-
cisi.
Wa-wha=Osage.
Wawiachtanos, Wawiaghta, Wawiaghtanakes, Wa-
wiaghtanon= Wea.
Wawiaghtenkook=Tiosahrondion.
Wawiaghtonos, Wawia’hta’/nua— Wea.
Wawijachtenocks=Wawyachtonoc.
Wa’wik'em=Wawikyem.
Wawiotonans, Wawioughtanes= Wea.
Waw-ka-sau-su= Wakasassa.
Wawkwunkizze= Waganakisi. }
Waw-lis-knahkewlth, Waw-lis-knahk-newith—Walas
Kwakiutl.
Waw-lit-sum= Hahamatses.
Wawpeentowahs= Wahpeton.
Wawquoit=Waquoit.
Wawrigweck, Wawrigwick=Norridgewock.
Wawsash, Waw-sash-e=Osage.
Wawyachteioks=Wawyachtonoc.
Wawyachtenoke= Wea.
Waxaus, Waxaws, Waxsaws= Waxhaw.
Wa'ya/hi=Wahayahi.
Waya’hténuki= Wea.
Wayanaes=Cummaquid.
Wayandotts— Huron.
Wa-ya-ti-n6-ke= Miami.
Wayattano, Wayattanoc—Wyantenuc.
Wayaughtanock= Wawyachtonoce.
Waymessick= Wamesit.
Wayomick, Wayoming= Wyoming.
Wayondots, Wayondotts= Huron.
Wayoughtanies— Wea.
Wayunckeke= Wacuntug.
Wayundatts, Wayundotts=—Huron,
Way-yam-pams= Wiam.
Wazaza=Osage, Wazhazha.
BULL. 30]
Wazaze=—Wazhazha, Wazhazhe.
Wazazhas, Wazazies=Wazhazha.
Wa-zha’-zha=Wazhazhe.
Wa-zha-zhe=Osage.
Wa’-zhese-ta—Wezhinshte.
Waz-zi’-ya-ta Pa-da/-nin=Arikara.
Waziya witcacta=Wahziah.
Waziyztz=Wazhazha.
Waz-za-ar-tar=Zaartar.
Wazzazies=Wazhazha, Wazhazhe.
W’Banankee=A bnaki.
Wdowo=Ottawa.
We-a-guf-ka=Weogufka.
Weah=Wea.
Weakaote=K hemnichan.
Weakis=Wewoka.
Wealusing=W yalusing.
Wealuskingtown=Wyalusing.
Weandots=Huron.
Weanohronons= Wenrohronon.
Weashkimek= Eskimo.
Weatauge= Weataug.
Weathersfield Indians= Pyquaug.
Weatog=Weataug.
Weatsa-he-wa=Watsaghika.
Weaus, Weaws= Wea.
Weber River Yutas, Weber Utes=Cumumbah.
Webings= Winnebago.
Webinoche, Webinoche Utahs, Webrinoches=Wi-
minuche.
Wecamses= Wicocomoco.
Wecapaug= Wekapaug.
ecco’s= Waco.
Wechagaskas= Wessagusset.
We-che-ap-pe-nah=Itscheabine.
Wechigit= Wichikik.
We-chil-la, We-chill-la— Wahkila.
Wechkentowoons=Mechkentowoon.
Wech-pecs, Wech-pecks, Wech-peks= Yurok.
Wechquaeskeck= Wecquaesgeek.
We-chummies= Wikchamni.
Weckquaesgeek, Weckquaesguk, Weckquaskeck,
Weckquesicks, Wecks= Wecquaesgeek.
Wecoka=Wewoka.
Wecos=Wa2co. !
Weeah, Weea’s, Weeaws= Wea.
Weechagaskas= Wessagusset.
Weeco= Waco.
Weecockcogee= Withlacoochee.
Weeds= Wea. .
Wee-ka-nahs=Taos.
ee-kee-moch, eekenoch=Wikeno.
We’-e-ko= Waco.
Weektumkas= Wetumpka.
Weelacksels=Wailaksel.
Weelhick Thuppek=Schoenbrunn.
Weeminuche= Wiminuche.
Weendegoag=Weendigo.
Weenees= Winyaw.
Weeokees= Wewoka.
Weepers=Assiniboin, Coaque.
Weepo=Wipho.
Weepomeokes= Weapemeoc.
Weequakut=Waquoit.
Weesagascusett= Wessagusset.
Wee Shotch=Wishosk.
Wee-tam-ka= Wetumpka.
Weetemore= Pocasset.
Weetle-toch=Oetlitk.
Weetumkees, Weetumkus,
tumpka.
Weewaikun=Wiweakam.,
Weewenocks=Wewenoc.
Weewok=Wiweakam.
Wee-yot=Wiyat.
Wegegi—=Wejegi.
We guf car=Weogufka.
We hee skeu (chien) =Heviqsnipahis.
Wehtak=Wiatiac.
Weh-ta-mich=Klimmim.
Weht'l-qua=Wetlko.
Weichaka-Ougrin=Wakhakukdhin.
Weitchpec=Weitspus, Yurok.
Weithspek= Yurok.
Weitle toch=Oetlitk.
Weits-pek=Yurok.
Weji-gi=Wejegi.
Wejiscte=Wezhinshte.
Wekisa, Wekivas, We-kiwa=Wikaithlako.
Weetumpkee= We-
W AZAZE—WE-WARK-KUM
1171
Weéko, Wéku, Wékush=Waco.
Welakamika=Welagamika.
We-la-poth=Tsewenalding.
Welasatux= Wolasatux.
We-la-tah=Picuris.
Welch=White Indians.
Welsh Bearded Indians=Welsh Indians.
Welsh Indians=Hopi, White Indians.
Welwashye’ni= Welwashkeni.
Wemalche, We-melches=Wimilchi.
Wemenuche, Wemenutche Utahs= Wiminuche.
We-messouret= Missouri.
Wemiamik= Miami.
We-mil-che=Wimilchi.
Wemintheew= Munsee.
We-mol-ches= Wimilchi.
Wenango=Venango.
Wenatcha, Wenatshapam, Wenatshapan, Wenatshe-
pum=Wenatchi.
Wenaumeew=Unami.
Wendats= Huron.
Weneaw, Wenee=Winyaw.
We-né-mu= Hueneme.
Wenimisset= Wenimesset
Weningo, Weningo Town= Venango.
Wenot= Yangna,
Wenrio—Ouenrio.
Wenro=Wenrohronon.
Wenuhtokowuk= Nanticoke.
Weocksockwillacum=Smackshop.
We-o-haw=Wiyahawir.
Weoka=Wewoka.
Weoming= Wyoming.
Weopomeiok, Weopomeokes=Weapemeoc.
Wepawaugs=Paugusset.
Weperigoueiawek= Weperigweia.
Wequadn’ach= Wechquadnach.
Wequa-esgecks= Wecquaesgeek.
Wequapaug, Wequapauock— Wekapaug.
Wequehachke= Wappinger.
Wequetank=Wechquetank.
Werawocomoco, Werowcomoco, Wérowocomicos,
Werowocomoco= Werowacomoco.
Wées‘a e/nikaci’ya= Wesaenikashika.
Wesaguscasit, Wesaguscus= Wessagusset.
Wesakam=Weshacum.
Wes‘a nikaci»ga—Shoshoni.
Wesegusquaset= Wessagusset.
Weshakim, Weshakum= Weshacum.,
Wesh-ham=Tlakluit.
Weskeskek, Wesquecqueck= Wecquaesgeek.
Wessaguscus, Wessagusquasset, Wessagussett=Wes-
sagusset.
Wesselowskoje= Veselofski.
Westaugustus= Wessagusset.
West Congeeto, West Congeta, West Congeto, West
Cooncheto=Conchachiton.
Westenhook= Westenhuck.
Western Dog ribbed Indians—Tsantieottine.
Western Indians—Creeks.
Western Mackenzie Innuit=Kangmaligmiut.
Western Shoshones=Shoshoko.
Western Sioux—Teton.
Western Snakes=Wihinasht.
West Imongalasha—Imongalasha.
West Yaso, West Yazoo—Yazoo.
‘We’-suala-kuin=Sandia.
Wetahato= Kiowa.
Weétankni=Warm Spring Indians.
Wetapahato—Kiowa.
Wetcta=Witchah.
Wetctar’= Wetchon.
Wetch-pec, Wetch-peck=Yurok.
We-te-pa-ha’to= Kiowa.
Wetersoon=Amahami.
Wé-t’hlu-ella-kwin=San Felipe.
Wethoecuchytalofa=Withlacoocheetalofa.
Wetopahata= Kiowa.
Wetquescheck= Wecquaesgeek.
WetsagowA»’/=Wetsagua.
Wetshipweyanah=Chipewyan.
Wettaphato— Kiowa.
We-tum-cau, Wetumka, Wetumkee, Wetumpkees=
Wetumpka.
We-wai-ai-kai—Wiwekae.
We-wai-ai-kum=Wiweakam.
We’ wamasq’Em=Wewamaskem.
We-wark-ka=Wiwekae.
We-wark-kum=Wiweakam,
1172
Weway-a-kay=Wiwekae.
Weway-a-kum=Wiweakam.
We-way-a-ky=Wiwekae.
Wewechkairini= Weskarini.
Weweenocks, Wewenocks= Wewenoc.
Wé-wi-ca-sa=Kainah.
Wewoak-har, Wewoakkan, Wewoakkar, Wewoak-
kar Wockoy, We-wo-cau, Wewoko—Wewoka.
Wewoonock= Wewenoc.
We yAn/=Weyon.
Weyandotts= Huron.
Weyat= Wishosk.
Wey-eh-hoo= Yehuh.
Weyet=Wishosk.
Weyoming= Wyoming.
Weyondotts= Huron.
We-yot=Wiyat.
Whacoe= Waco.
Whalatt=Hwotat.
Whampinages= Wampanoag.
Wha-pa-ku-tahs= Wahpekute.
Whapetons= Wahpeton.
Whash-to-na-ton= Khwaishtunnetunne.
Whatatt=Hwotat.
Whatoga= Watauga.
Wheelappa, Wheelappers= Willopah.
Wheelcuttas= Whilkut.
Whe-el-po, Whe-el-poo=Colville.
Whetstone country=Wabaquasset.
Whil-a-pah= Willopah.
Whill Wetz=Cooniac.
Whinega=Huna.
Whippanaps=Abnaki.
Whirlpool= Willopah.
Whishkah=Whiskah.
Whish-ten-eh-ten= Khwaishtunnetunne.
Whisklaleitoh=K ittizoo.
Whistanatin= K hwaishtunnetunne.
White Apple Village=White Apple.
White Bearded Indians= White Indians.
White Bird Nez Percés=Lamtama.
White Cap Sioux= White Cap Indians.
White Clay=White Earth.
White Eagle=Khuya.
White Earth band=Gawababiganikak.
White Fish Indians=Attikamegue.
White-Goose Eskimos=Kangormiut.
White Ground=Ikanhatki.
White Hair’s band=Pahatsi. )
White Indians= Menominee, Hopi.
White Knives=Tussawehe.
White Pani, White Pania= Pawnee.
White People=Stoam Ohimal.
White Pueblo=Nabatutuei.
White River Indians=Klikitat, Niskap, Skopa-
mish, Smulkamish.
White Salmon Indians=Chilluckkittequaw.
White towns=Taluamikagi.
Whittumke= Wetumpka.
Whiwunai= Hopi.
Whonkenteaes, Whonkenties= Whonkentia.
Whonnoch, Whonock=Wharnock.
Whull-e-mooch=Salish.
Whulwhaipum, Whulwhypum=Klikitat.
Whyack=Wyah. ;
Wiahtanah=Waweatenon.
Wi’-ah-ton-oon’-gi= Wea.
Wialetpum=Cayuse.
Wialosing, Wialusing= Wyalusing.
Wiandotts= Huron,
Wiapes=Quapaw.
Wiatanons=Wea.
Wiatiacks=Wiatiac.
Wiaut=Wea.
Wibisnuche= Wiminuche.
Wi bu’ ka pa= Mohave.
Wiccakaw=Wakokayi.
Wic-chum-nee= Wikchamni.
Wiccomisses= W icocomoco.
Wicguaesgeck= Wecquaesgeek.
Wich-a-chim-ne= Wikchamni.
Wichagashas, Wichaguscusset=— Wessagusset.
Wichegati= Wichikik.
Wichetahs, Wichetas= Wichita.
Wi’-chi-kik= Wechikhit.
Wichiyela= Yankton.
Wichumnies= Wikchamni.
Wich-sis=Wakhshek,
Wiciyela= Yankton.
WEWAY-A-KAY—WINDIGOS
[B. A. EB,
Wickabaug= Wekapaug.
Wickagjock= Wiekagjoc.
Wick-a Nook=Wickaninnish.
Wickerscreek, Wickersecreeke, Wickersheck, Wickes-
keck= Wecauaesgeek.
Wickinninish= Wickaninnish.
Wickquaskeck, Wickwaskeck= Wecquaesgeek.
Wico=Waco.
Wicoko winwt, Wi-co-ko win-wu=Wishoko.
Wicomaw= Waccamaw.
Wicomese, Wicomesse, Wicomick= Wicocomoco.
Wicomocons=Secowocomoco,
Wicomocos= Wicocomoco.
Wicosels=Waikosel.
Wicquaesgeckers, Wicquaskaka= Wecquaesgeek.
Wi’cxam=Tlakluit.
Widshiitikapa= Maricopa, Papago, Pima.
Wi'dyu=Ditsakana.
Wiechquaeskeck, Wiechquaesqueck, Wiechquas-
keck, Wieckquaeskecke= Wecquaesgeek.
Wiekagjocks= Wiekagjoc.
Wiequaeskeck, Wiequaskeck= Wecquaesgeek.
BV sehelpouse, Wighalosscon, Wighalousin=Wya-
using.
Wighcocémicoes, Wighcocomoco, Wighcomocos,
Wighcomogos, Wighocomoco=Wicocomoco.
Wighquaeskeek= Wecquaesgeek.
Wigomaw= Waccamaw.
Wihaloosing=W yalusing.
Wihinagut, Wihinast=Wihinasht.
Wi-ic’-ap-i-nah=Itscheabine.
Wikachumnis= Wikchamni.
Wikagyl=Wecquaesgeek.
Wi-kai-lako=Wikaithlako.
Wi Kain Mocs=Waikenmuk.
Wikanee=Wikeno.
Wik-chum-ni= Wikchamni.
Wikeinoh=Wikeno.
Wi’ko=Waco.
Wi’k’oxténdx=Wikoktenok. « }
Wik-’sach-i= Waksachi.
Wik-tchum/-ne, Wiktshom’ni= Wikchamni.
a
* Wi’-ku= Waco.
Wikuedo-wininiwak, Wikuéduuk=Wequadong.
Wikurzh=Wikorzh.
Wi'kwadunk, Wikwed, Wikwedong=Wequadong.
Wi Lackees, Wilacki=Wailaki.
Wi-lak-sel= Wailaksel.
Wilamky= Wetumpka.
Wilana=Picuris.
Wi-la-pusch=Tsewenalding.
Wilatsu’kwe=Coyoteros.
Wild Cat=Koakotsalgi.
Wild Creeks=Seminole.
Wilde Coyotes=Navaho.
Wildlucit= Wyalusing.
Wild Nation=Ettchaottine.
Wild Oats, Nation of the, Wild Rice, Wild Rice Eat-
ers, Wild Rice Men=Menominee.
Wilfa Ampafa amim=Twana.
Wi’-li-gi, Wi’-li-gi-i’=San Felipe.
Wili idshapa= Mohave.
Wili’yi=Willstown.
Willacum=Smackshop. :
Willamette Falls Indians=Clowwewalla.
Willamette tribe=Cathlacumup.
Willamette Tumwater band, Willammette Indians=
Clowwewalla.
Willamotki tituyan=Willewah.
Willa-noucha-talofa= Willanoucha.
Willapah=Willopah.
Willem= Willi.
Willenoh=Willopah.
Willetpos=Cayuse.
Willhametts=Clowwewalla.
Willie= Willi.
Willinis=TIllinois.
Willow Creek Indians=Lowhim.
Wils T.=Will’s Town.
Wima=Mimal.
Wimilches= Wimilchi.
Wiminanches, Wiminenuches=Wiminuche.
Wimosas= Yamasee.
Winatshipim=Wenatchi.
Winbiégig= Winnebago.
Wind=Hutalgalgi.
Win-de-wer-rean-toon=Mdewakanton,
Wind Family=Hutalgalgi.
Windigos=Weendigo.
D
a
BULL. 30]
Wind people=Kiyuksa.
Winds, Town of the=Pinawan.
Windsor Indians= Podunk.
Wineaus=Winyaw.
Winebago, Winebagoe, Winebégok, Winepegouek=
Winnebago.
Winesemet=Winnisimmet.
Winetaries= Hidatsa.
Wingadocea=Secotan.
Wingah=Winyaw.
Wingandacoa, Wingandagoa, Winginans, Wingi-
nas=Secotan.
Winibagos= Winnebago.
eS onewininiwag = Winnebegoshishiwinini-
wak.
Winibigong, Winipegou= Winnebago.
Winisemit, Winisimett, Winisimmit= Winnisimmet.
Winnabagoes= Winnebago.
Winnakenozzo= Miniconjou.
Winnas band, Winnas-ti=Wihinasht.
Winnebager, Winnebages, Winnebagoag, Winne-
bagoe, Winnebagoec, Winnebagog, Winnebagoue,
Winnebaygo= Winnebago.
Winnebigoshish= Winnebegoshishiwininewak.
Winnenocks=Wewenoc.
Winnepans, Winnepaus, Winnepeg= Winnebago.
Winnepisseockeege= Winnepesauki.
Winnesemet, Winnesimet= Winnisimmet.
Win-nes-tes=Wihinasht.
Winnibigog= Winnebago.
Winnibigoshish Lake (band) = Winnebegoshishiwi-
ninewak.
Win-ni-mim=Winimem.
Winnimissett= Wenimesset.
Winnipegouek= Winnebago.
Winnisemit, Winnisimet= Winnisimmet.
Winooskoek= Winooskeek.
Winter Island=Neiuningaitua.
Wintoon, Wintu=Wintun.
Winyo=Winyaw.
Wioming, Wiomink=Wyoniing.
Wiondots= Huron.
Wi’oqg Emaé= Wiokemae.
Wippanaps= A bnaki.
Wiquashex, Wiquaeskeck= Wecquaesgeck.
Wisack, Wisacky= Waxhaw.
Wisagechroanu= Missisauga.
Wisagusset= Wessagusset.
Wiscassett Indians=Wewenoc.
Wisculla=Wiskala.
Wis-cum-nes=Wikchamni.
Wisham=Wishram.
Wishham=Tlakluit.
Wishitaw= Wichita.
Wish-pooke= Yurok.
Wish-ram, Wishrans=Tlakluit.
Wish-ta-nah-tin, Wishtanatan,
Khwaishtunnetunne.
Wi/’-si-ta= Wichita.
Wiskerscreeke= Wecquaesgeek.
Wis-kul-la=Wiskala.
Wissaguset= Wessagusset.
Wissakodewinini= Metis.
Wissams=Tlakluit.
Wiss-co-pam= Wasco.
Wissiquack=Nesaquake.
Wiss-whams=Tlakluit. -
Wis’-tim-a-ti’ téne’/=Khwaishtunnetunne.
Wi Tackees, Wi Tackee-Yukas=Wailaki.
Witahawidata—Pitahauerat.
Witamky= Wetumpka.
Witanghatal=Serranos.
Wi’-ta-pa-ha, Witapa’/hat, Wi/tapaha’ tu, Witapatu—
Kiowa.
Witapiu=Wutapiu.
Witawaziyata—Witawaziyataotina.
Witch-a-taws, Witcheta, Witchetaw,
Witchitaws= Wichita.
Witcitya"pina—Itscheabine.
Witetsaan, Wi-tets’-han=Hidatsa.
Withchetau= Wichita.
Without-Bows=Sans Ares.
Witishayta’nu=Lllinois.
Witoupo, Witowpa, Witowpo=Ibitoupa.
Witqueschack, Witquescheck, Witqueschreek=Wec-
quaesgeek, :
Wi'ts’a=Widja.
Wi'ts’a gyit’inai’—Widja-gitunai.
Witsch-piks= Yurok.
Wish-te-na-tin=
Witchitas,
WIND PEOPLE—WOSCOPOM
1178
Witshita, Witsita’=Wichita.
Witsogo—Tsofkara,
Witsta=Bellabella.
Witumki=Wetumpka.
Witune=Kadohadacho.
Wi-tup-a/-tu= Kiowa.
Wi-uh-sis=Wakhshek.
Wiuini’em=Ditsakana.
Wiwagam=Wiweakam.
Wi-wai-ai-kai= Wiwekae.
Wi-wai-ai-kum=Wiweakam.
Wiwas=Quigalta.
Wiwash= Nanticoke.
Wiwayiki=Wiwekae.
Wiwéaqgam=Wiweakam.
Wi-we-eke=Wiwekae.
Wi’-we-ekum=Wiweakam.
Wiwéq’ae=Wiwekae.
Wi-wi-kum=Wiweakam.
Wiwtyka=Wewoka.
Wiyandotts= Huron.
Wi-yot=Wiyat.
W-ltoo-ilth-aht—Ucluelet.
W-nahk-ta-kook, Wnahktukook= Westenhuck.
W’nalachtko=Unalachtigo.
W’namiu=Unami.
Wnoghquetookoke= Westenhuck.
Wo-a-pa-nach-ki=A bnaki.
Woapikamikunk= Wapicomekoke.
Woas=Uva.
Wobanaki= A bnaki.
Woc-co-coie, Wocke Coyo=Wakokayi.
Wock-soche= Waksachi.
Wocons=Woccon.
Woenoeks= Wewenoce.
Wo-he-nom’/-pa=Oohenonpa.
Wohesh= Pawnee.
Wohlpahpe Snakes= Walpapi.
Wokkon=Woccon.
Wok-sach-e= Waksachi.
Wokukay=Wakokayi.
Wolapi=Walpi.
Wo-lass-i= Wowolasi.
Wolf=Mahican, Michirache.
Wolf Eaters=Coyoteros.
Wolf gens=Kharatanumanke.
Wolf Indians, Wolf Pawnee=Skidi.
Wolf People=Mandhinkagaghe.
Wolftown=Wahyahi.
Wolf tribe of the Delawares=Munsee.
Wolkukay=Wakokayi.
Wollah-wollah, Wollaolla, Wollawalla, Wollawollahs,
Wollawwallah, Wol-law-wol-lah=Wallawalla.
Woll-pah-pe= Walpapi.
Wol-pi=Walpi.
Wolsatux=Wolasatux.
Wolves=Skidi.
Woman helper band=Tonoyiet’s Band.
Woman-o-she Utes=Wiminuche.
Womenog= Wewenoc.
Womenunche=Wiminuche,
Wompanaoges, Wompanoag, Womponoags=Wam-
panoag. ‘
Wonalatoko=Unalachtigo.
Wonami=Unami.
Wong-ge=Jemez.
Naive Wongums, Wongunck, Wongung= Won-
gunk.
Wo-ni-to’-na-his=Brulé.
Woocon=Woccon.
Wood Assiniboines=Tschantoga.
Wood Crees=Sakawithiniwuk.
Wooden-lips=Tlingit.
Wood Indians=Nopeming, Nuchwugh, Tutchone-
kutehin.
Wood people=Hankutchin.
Woods Bloods=Istsikainah.
Wood Stoneys=Tschantoga.
Woopotsi/t= Wohkpotsit.
Woo-pum=Wopum.
Wooselalim=Clallam.
Woo-wells=Wowol.
Wopowage=Paugusset.
Wogqpotsit= Wohkpotsit.
Woranecks=Waoranec.
Woraqa, Wo-rd-qé= Potawatomi.
Workons=Woccon.
Worm People=Esksinaitupiks.
Woscopom= Wasco.
1174
Wos-sosh-e=Osage. |
Wo’tapio= Wutapiu.
Wo’-tko=Wotkalgi.
Wouachita=Ouachita.
Wowenocks=Wewenoc.
Wowocau= Wewoka.
Wowolasi=Wolasi.
hha ea Wohnen =
oyming, Woyumoth= Wyoming.
Wrangell Bay=Kuiukuk.
Wrole Alley=Molala.
Wrylackers=Wailaki.
W. Schious=Teton.
W ‘sha’ natu=Shallattoo.
W'tawas=Ottawa. {
Wo’cketan=Wushketan.
Wub’ ta pi u=Wutapiu.
Wu/-i-t’t-cla’-4=Wuituthlaa.>
Wukayé/ni= Wukakeni.
Wikchamni=Wikchamni.
Wukhquautenauk=Wechquadnach. ,
Wuk-sa’-che= Waksachi.
Wu ‘lastik/-witk=Malecite.
Wulx=Shasta, Upper Takelma.
Wunalachtigo=Unalachtigo.
Wun-a-muc-a’s band=Winnemucca’s Band.
Wun-a-muc-a’s (the Second) band=Kuyuidika.
Wunaumeeh=Unami.
Wunnashowatuckowogs,
Wunnashowatuckoog.
Wi-sa-si=Osage.
Wishqim=Wishram. +
Wishqima-pim=Tlakluit.
Wushuum= Wishram. ;
Wu-so’-ko=Wishoko.
Wut-at=Hwotat. eo
Wute’-elit, Wute’en=Cherinak.
Wutsta/=Bellabella. 3
Wu’turen=Cherinak.
Wyachtenos, Wyahtinaws=Wea. .
Wyalousing, Wyalucing=Wyalusing.
Wyam=Wiam. -
Wyaming= Wyoming.
y-am-pams, Wyampaw=Wiam.
Wyandote, Wyandotte=Huron.
Wyandot Town=Junundat.
Wyandotts=Huron.
Wyantanuck=Wyantenuc.
Wyantenock= Weantinock.
Wyantenuck=Wyantenuc.
Wyapes=Quapaw.
Wyatanons= Wea.
Wyatiack=Wiatiac.
Wybusing= W yalusing.
Wyckerscreeke= Wecquaesgeek.
Wycless=Waitlas. ae
Wycomes, Wycomeses= Wicocomoco,
Wyeacktenacks= Wea.
Wyeck=Wawyachtonoc.
Wy-eilat—Cayuse.
Wye-Lackees= Wailaki.
Wyeluting=Wyalusing.
Wykenas=Wikeno.
Wylachies, Wylackies, Wy-laks=Wailaki.
Wylucing, Wylusink=Wyalusing.
Wyniaws=Winyaw.
Wynoochee= Wenatchi.
Wy-noot-che=Wenatchi.
Wyogtami= Wea.
Wyolusing=Wyalusing.
Wyomen, Wyomin, Wyomink, Wyomish= Wyoming.
Wyondats, Wyondotts= Huron.
Wyquaesquec= Wecquaesgeek,
Wunnashowatuckqut=
Xabotaj, Xabotaos=Tano.
Xacatin=Soacatino.
Xacona, Xacono=Jacona.
Xaeser—=Haeser.
Xa/exaes—China Hat.
Xagua/te=Agua Caliente.
Xa-hé-ta’-no= Apache.
Xai’ma arangua’/s=Comecrudo.
Xaima/me=Cotonam.
Xa/ina— Haena.
Xa-isla’=Haisla, Kitamat.
Xak nuwi’/=Hukanuwu.
Xalay=Zuii.
Xamanao—=Hawmanao.
Xamunanuc= Xamunambe.
-WOS-SOSH-E—Y ABIPALYE
Xana’ks’iala=Kitlope.
XanExEwé’1= Hanehewedl.
Xangopany=Shongopovi.
Xapes, Xapies=Hapes.
Xapira=Xapida.
Xaqua=Xagua.
Xaqueuira=Harahey, Quivira.
Xaram=Xarame,
Xaramenes, Xaranames—Aranama.
Xaratenumanke= Pawnee.
Xaray=Zuini.
Xaslindin— Haslinding.
Xatol=Xatoe.
Xatukwiwa=Wintun.
Xau/-i=Chaui.
Xawdalyapay=Walapai.
Xa’/xamatses=Hahamatses.
Xax’eqt—Kakekt.
Xet koan=Hehlkoan.
Xemes, xemes, Xeméz—Jemez.
Xenopué=Genobey.
Xeres=Keresan Family.
Xharame= Xarame.
Xhiahuam, Xhiahuan=Siaguan.
Xiabu=Hiabu.
Xicarillas=Jicarilla.
Xiguan=Siaguan.
po eget jame.
Xilenos, Xilenos=Gila Apache.
Ximena, Ximera=Galisteo.
Xiomato=Piamato.
Xipaolabi=Shipaulovi.
Xiscaca= Xisca.
Xixame=Sijame.
Xocomes=—Jocomes.
Xoé/x0é=Koikoi.
Xoi/Ikut=Whilkut.
Xommapavi=Shongopoyi.
Xomoks=Comox. .
Xonalis=Yonalus.
Xongopabi, Xongopani, Xongopaui, Xongopavi=
Shongopovi.
Xonoidag=Sonoita.
Xonsadin= Honsading.
Xoq!e/di=Hokedi.
Xougopavi=Shongopoyi.
Xoumanes=Tawehash.
Xowtinkit=Howungkut.
X0o’yalas, Xoya’les= Hoyalas.
Xptianos Manssos= Manso.
Xuacatino=Soacatino.
Xu/adji Inaga’/-i=Skedans.
Xu/adji-nao—Hutsnuwu.
Xuala, Xualla—Cheraw.
Xudmitsan=Quamichan.
Xuanes=Huanes.
Xuco, Xucu=Shuku.
Xudes=Hwates.
Xuikuayaxén= Huikuayaken.
Xumanas, Xumanes, Xumarias, Xumas, Xumdases=—
Tawehash.
Xumatcam=Tepecano.
Xumiexen=Comiaken.
Xumtaspe=Nawiti.
Xumunaumbe= Xamunambe.
Xumupami, Xumupani=Shongopovi.
Xuqua=Xugua.
Xuts! hit tan=Kutshittan.
Xuts!nuwui/=Hutsnuwu.
x't/tx'itkawé1=Huthutkawedl.
Xwa/xots=Wharhoots.
Ya’=Yafngtsaa.
Yaegalas= Umpqua.
Yaai’/x‘aqEmae= Yaaihakemae.
Yaa/kima= Yakima.
Ya-atze=San Marcos.
Yabapais, Yabijoias, Yabipaees, Yabipai— Yavapai.
Yabipai Cajuala— Paiute.
Yabipai Muca=Oraibi.
Yabipais= Yavapai.
Yabipais Cuercomaches=Cuercomache.
Yabipais Jabesua= Havasupai.
Yabipais Lipan=Lipan.
Yabipais Nabajay=Navaho.
Yabipais Natagé= Kiowa Apache.
Yabipais Tejua=Tejua.
Yabipaiye, Yabipay, Yabipias= Yavapai.
BULL. 30]
Yacaaws, Yacamaws= Yakima.
Yacaws=Makah.
Yacco=Acoma.
Yachachumnes= Yachikamni.
Yachakeenees= Ditsakana.
Yachchumnes= Yachikamni.
Yach’ergamut= Yacherk.
Yachies=Texas.
Yachimese= Yachikamni.
Yachimichas=Chitimacha.
Yachou, Yachoux= Yazoo.
Yachtshil/agamiut= Yakchilak.
Yackaman, Yackamaws, Yackaws, Yackimas=Yak-
ima.
Yaco=Acoma.
Yacomans= Yakima.
Yacona Indians, Yacone, Yacons=Yaquina.
Yacovanes= Yojuane.
Yactaché= Yatasi.
Ya-cu, Ya-cu-mé yinné=Chemetunne.
Yacumi= Yacomui.
Ya/das=Yadus.
Yaesumnes= Yusumne.
Ya’/gan=Yagun.
Yagnetsito= Yagenechito.
Yagochsanogéchti=Onondaga.
Yaguénéchitons, Yagueneschito= Yagenechito.
Ya/-ha=Yahalgi.
Yahatc, Yahats=Yahach.
Yah-bay-paiesh= Yavapai.
Yahkutats= Yakutat.
Ya'hlahaimub’ahitilba=Taos,
Yahmayo= Yuma.
Yah-nih-kahs=Ataakut.
comm Yahooskin, Yahooskin Snakes= Yahu-
skin.
Yahowa=Iowa.
Yah-quo-nah= Yaquina.
Yahrungwago= Yoroonwago.
Yahshoo= Yazoo.
Yah-shoots, Yahshutes=Chemetunne,
Yahweakwioose= Yuk weakiwioose.
Yah-wil-chin-ne= Yawilchine.
Ya-idésta= Molala.
Yainakshi, Yainakskni=— Yaneks.
Yais=Eyeish.
Yajumui= Yusumne.
Yakamas, Yakanias, Yakemas, Yakenia=Yakima.
Yaket-ahno-klatak-makanay, Ya’k’et aqkinuqtle’et
aqkts’ma’kinik=Akanekunik.
Ya-ki-as= Yokaia.
Yakimaw= Yakima.
Yakka= Yaka.
Ya‘kla’nas= Yaku-lanas.
Ya’kokon ka’pai=Karankawa.
Yakon, Yakona, Yakonah, Yakone=Yaquina.
Yake/da/t= Yakutat.
Ya-qun/-ni-me/ yinné= Yaquina.
Yakutatskoe= Yakutat.
Yakutskalitnik, Yakutzkelignik—Tutago.
Yakweakwioose= Yukweakwioose.
Yakwu Lennas= Yaku-lanas.
Yak-y-you= Yukweakwioose.
Yalaas= Yazoo.
Yalchedunes= Alchedoma. -
Yale=Shilekuatl.
Yalesumnes, Yalesumni= Yusumne.
Yalipays= Yavapai.
Yailashee, Yaltasse—Yatasi.
Yama= Yuma.
Yamacges= Yamasee.
Yamagas= Mohave.
Yamagatock= Yamako.
Yamajab= Mohave.
Yamakni=Warm Spring Indians.
Yamas, Yamases, Yamassalgi, Yamassecs, Yamassees,
Yamassi= Yamasee.
Yamaya= Mohave.
Yamesee= Yamasee.
Yamhareek=Ditsakana.
Yam-Hill= Yamel.
Yamkallie= Yonkalla,
Yamkally=Kalapooian Family, Yonkalla.
Yamlocklock=Tamuleko.
Yammacrans, Yammacraw= Yamacraw.
Yammassees, Yammonsee, Yammosees, Yammossees=
Yamasee.
Yam-mi’s= Yammostuwiwagaiya.
Yamoisees, Yamossees= Yamasee.
YACAAWS—YA-SU-CHAH
1175
Yampah=Comanche.
Yam Pah-Utes= Yampa.
Ya/mpaini=Comanche,
Yam-pai o= Yavapai.
Yampai-ri’/kani=Comanche.
Yampais, Yampaos= Yavapai.
Yamparack, Yamparakas, Yamparecks, Yamparee-
kas, Yamparicas, Yam’pari’/ka=—Ditsakana.
Yampas= Yavapai.
Yam-pa-se-cas, Yampatéka=Ditsakana.
Yampatick-ara— Yampa.
Yampaxicas=Ditsakana.
Yampay= Yavapai.
Yampequaws= Umpqua.
Yamperack, Yamperethka, Yam-per-rikeu, Yam-pe-
uc-coes=Ditsakana.
Yam-p’-ham-ba=San Crist6bal.
Yampi, Yampias= Yavapai.
Yampirica, Yam-pi-ric-coes=Ditsakana.
Yampi Utes, Yamp-Pah-Utahs= Yampa.
Yanabi=Ayanabl.
Yanckton= Yankton.
Yanctannas= Yanktonai.
Yancton= Yankton.
Yanctonais= Yanktonai.
Yanctonas= Yankton.
Yanctonees= Yanktonai.
Yanctongs= Yankton.
Yanctonie, Yanctonnais= Yanktonai.
Yanctonnais Cutheads=Pabaksa.
Yanctons, Yanctonwas, Yanctorinans, Yanctowah=
Yankton.
Ydnehe=Tonkawa.
Yaneton, Yanetong= Yankton.
Yanga, Yang-ha= Yangna.
Yangtons Ahnah= Yanktonai.
Yanieye-rono= Mohawk.
Yanioseaves= Yamasee.
Yankamas= Yakima.
Yanka-taus, Yanktau-Sioux, Yank toan=Yankton.
Yanktoanan, Yanktoanons= Yanktonai.
Yankton=Brulé.
Yanktona, Yankton Ahna, Yankton Ahnah, Yank-
ton-aias, Yanktonais, Yanktonans, Yank-ton-ees=
Yanktonai.
Yanktongs= Yankton.
Yanktonians, Yanktonias-Sioux, Yanktonies, Yank-
tonnan, Yanktonnas= Yanktonai.
Yank-ton (of the north or plains)=Upper Yank-
tonai.
Yanktons= Yankton.
Yanktons Ahna, Yanktons Ahnah= Yanktonai.
Yanktons of the North, Yanktons of the Plains=
Upper Yanktonai.
Yanktons of the south= Yankton.
Yank-ton-us= Yanktonai.
Yanktoons, Yanktown= Yankton.
Yaockwa-na.-‘syan-ni =Iroquois.
Yannacock, Yannocock=—Corchaug.
Yannubbee Town=A yanabi.
Yanos=Janos.
Yan-pa-pa Utahs= Yampa.
Ya/n-tdoa= Yan.
Yantons= Yankton.
Ya» tsad— Yangtsaa.
Yanubbee=Ayanabi.
Yaocomico, Yaocomoco=Secowocomoco.
Yaogas=Yaogus.
Yaomacoes=Secowocomoco.
Yaopim Indians=Weapemeoc.
Yaos=Taos.
Yapa=Ditsakana.
Yapaches= Apache.
Yapainé=Ditsakana.
Yapalage— Yapalaga.
Ya-pa-pi= Yavapai.
Yaparehca, Ya-pa-rés-ka, Ya’/pa-re’yka, Yapparic-
koes, Yappariko=Ditsakana.
Ya/-qai-yuk= Yahach.
Yaquima, Yaquimis= Yaqui.
Ya-seem-ne=A wani.
Yashoo, Yashu= Yazoo.
Yash-ue=Chemetunne.
Yashu Iskitini= Yazoo Skatane.
Yaskai=Yokaia.
YasL!i/n=Yastling.
Yasones, Yasons, Yasoos, Yasou, Yasoux, Yasoves,
Yassa, Yassaues, Yassouees= Yazoo.
Ya-su-chah, Yasuchaha, Yasuchan—Chemetunne,
1176
Yasumni= Yusumne.
Yastis= Yazoo.
Ya-sut=Chemetunne.
Yatace, Yatache, Yatachez, Yatase, Yatasee, Yatasie,
Yatasse, Yatassee, Yatassez, Yatassi, Yatay=Ya-
tasi.
Yatcheéthinyoowuc=siksika.
Yatchies=Texas.
Yatchikamnes, Yatchikumne= Yachikamni.
Yatchitoches=Natchitoch,
Yates=San Marcos.
Yatilatlavi=Navaho.
Yatl nas: had’a’/i= YehInaas-hadai.
Yattapo, Yattasaees, Yattasces, Yattasees, Yattasie,
Yattassee= Yatasi.
Yatuckets=Ataakut.
Yatum=Yutum.
Ya-tze=San Marcos.
Yauana= Yowani.
Yauktong, Yauktons= Yankton.
Yaulanchi= Yaudanchi.
Yaunktwaun= Yankton.
Ya/un-ni= Yaunyi.
Yau-terrh= Yohter.
Yautuckets=Ataakut.
Yavai Suppai=Havasupai.
Yavapaias, Yavape, Yavapies= Yavapai.
Ya-ve-pe’-ku-tean’=Tulkepaia.
Yavepé-kutchan=Tulkepaia, Yuma.
Yavipai cajuala= Paiute.
Yavipai cuercomache=Cuercomache.
Yavipai-Gilenos=Gila Apache.
Yavipai Jabesua, Yavipai javesua= Havasupai.
Yavipai-Lipanes=Lipan.
Yavipai Muca Oraive=Oraibi.
Yavipai-navajoi= Navaho.
Yavipais= Yavapai.
Yavipais-caprala= Paiute.
Yavipais-Nataje=Kiowa Apache.
Yavipais-Navajai=Navaho.
Yavipaistejua=Tejua.
Yavipay= Yavapal.
Yawéden’tshi, Ya/wédmoni= Yaudanchi.
Yawhick, Yawhuch=Yahach.
Ya-wil-chuie, Yawitchénni= Yawilchine.
Yayka-a=Crows.
Yayecha=Eyeish.
Yazoo Old Town, Yazoo Old Village, Yazoo Village,
Yazous, Yazoux= Yazoo.
Ybitoopas, Ybitoupas=Ibitoupa.
Yeasqui=Casqui.
Ychiaha=Chiaha.
Yeahtentanee= Wea.
Yeannecock=Corchaug.
Yé/creqren=Yesheken.
Yecori=Yecora.
Yecujen-ne’=Mimbrefios.
Yegaha=Dhegiha.
Yeguaces, Yeguases, Yeguaz, Yeguazes= Yguases.
Yehah, Yehhuh=Yehuh.
Yehl= Hoya.
Yeka=Kikatsik.
Yekuk=Ekuk.
Ye-k‘'u/-na-me’ yinné= Yaquina.
Yo-Ku-tce= Yucutce.
Yelamu’/=Yelmus,
Yeletpo—Cayuse.
Yellowhill=Red Clay.
Yellow Knife, Yellowknife Indians, Yellow Knife
people, Yellow Knives—Tatsanottine.
Yellow Medicine’s band=Inyangmani.
Yellow Village=Nachurituei.
Yelovoi=Yalik.
Yemassee= Yamasee.
Yemez—Jemez.
Yemmassaws= Yamasee.
Yen=Yan.
Yendat= Huron.
Yénde’staq!é= Yendestake.
Yendots= Huron.
Yengetongs= Yankton.
Yent=Noot.
Yeomansee= Yamasee.
Yeopim= Weapemeoc.
Yro/t=Noot.
Yep-pe= Yampa.
Yéqolaos= Yekolaos.
Yerbipiame=Ervipiames.
Yesah, Ye-sa, Yesang—Tutelo.
YASUMNI—YOUGHTAMUND
Yetans—=Ietan.
Yéta-ottine—Etagottine.
Yé-tdéa=Ye.
Yeut=Nodot.
Yévepay2= Yavapai.
Yguaces, Yguazes= Yguases.
Whindastachy= Yendestake.
Yi’/ata’tehenko=Carrizo.
Yikirga/ulit=Eskimo, Imaklimiut, Inguklimiut.
Yik’oa’psan=Ikwopsum.
Yi-kq‘aic’= Yikkhaich.
Yik‘ts= Yukuts.
Yita= Ute.
Yitleq=Itliok.
Yiuhta=—Ute.
Yixaqemae= Yaaihakemae.
Ylackas=Wailaki.
Y-Mitches=Imiche.
Ymunacam= Ymunakam.
Ymiutrez=Imuris.
Yncignavin=Inisiguanin.
Yneci=Nabedache.
Ynqueyunque= Yuqueyunque.
Yoacomoco=Wicocomoco.
Yoamaco, Yoamacoes=Secowocomoco.
Yoamity=Awani.
Yoani= Yowani.
Yocalles= Yokol.
Yocovanes= Yojuane.
Yocut=Mariposan Family.
Yoedmani= Yaudanchi.
Yoelchane= Yawilchine.
Yoem= Yuma.
Yoetaha=Navaho.
Yofale, Yofate=Eufaula.
Yoghroonwago= Yoroonwago.
Yohamite= A wani.
Yohios= Yokaia.
Yoht=Zoht.
Yohuane= Yojuane.
Yohumne= Yandimni.
Yo-kai-a-mah, Yo-Kei= Yokaia.
Yoko=Yokol.
Yokoalimduh= Yokolimdu.
Yokod=Yokol.
Yokpahs=Oyukhpe.
Yo-kul= Yokol.
Yokuts=Mariposan Family.
Yolanchas= Yaudanchi.
Yolays= Yolo.
Yoletta=Isleta.
Yol-hios= Yokaia.
Yoloy, Yoloytoy= Yolo.
Yolumne=Tuolumne.
Yom-pa-pa Utahs= Yampa.
Yonalins= Yonalus.
Yonanny= Yowani.
Yondestuk= Yendestake.
Yongletats=Ucluelet.
Yonkiousme=Jukiusme.
Yon-kt=Zoht.
Yonktins, Yonktons= Yankton.
Yonktons Ahnah=Yanktonai.
Yon-sal-pomas= Usal.
Yoochee= Yuchi.
Yookilta=Lekwiltok.
Yookoomans= Yakima.
Yoov’té= Uinta.
Yoqueechae, Yoquichacs=Yukichetunne.
Yorbipianos=Ervipiames.
Yosahmittis, Yo-sem-a-te, Yosemetos, Yo-semety,
Yosemites=Awani.
Yoshol=Usal.
Yoshuway =Chemetunne.
Yosimities= Awani.
Yo-sol Pomas=Usal.
Yosoomite=A wani.
Yostjéemé= Apache.
Yosumnis= Yusumne.
Yota=Ute.
Yotché-eme= Apache.
Yo-to-tan=Tututunne.
Youana, Youane= Yowani.
Youcan= Yukonikhotana.
Youchehtaht= Ucluelet.
Youcon= Yukonikhotana.
Youcoolumnies= Yukolumni.
Youfalloo= Eufaula.
Youghtamund= Youghtanund,
————— ss LC
{B. A.B.
|
|
BULL. 30]
Youicomes, Youicone, Youikkone=
Yaquina.
Youitts, Youitz= Yahach.
Youkone= Yaquina.
Youkonikatana= Yukonikhotana.
Youkon Louchioux Indians=Kutchakutchin.
You-ma-talla= Umatilla.
Youna= Yowani.
Young Dogs=Hachepiriinu.
Young-white-wolf=Wohkpotsit.
Younondadys=Tionontati.
You-pel-lay=Santo Domingo.
You-quee-chae= Yukichetunne.
Youponi-Kouttane= Youkonikhotana.
Youruk=Yurok.
Yout=No6t.
Youtah, Youtas=Ute.
Youthtanunds= Youghtanund.
You-tocketts=Ataakut.
Youts=Ute.
Yowana. Yowanne= Yowani.
Yoways=Ilowa.
Yowechani= Yaudanchi.
Yow’-el-man’-ne= Yauelmani.
Yowkies= Yokol.
Yo-woc-o-nee=Tawakoni.
Yrbipias, Yrbipimas= Ervipiames.
Yrekas=Kikatsik.
Yrocois, Yrokoise—Iroquois.
Yroquet=Ononchataronon.
Yroquois= Iroquois.
Ys=Ais.
Yscanes= Yscanis.
Ysleta=Isleta, Isleta del Sur.
Yslete, Ystete=Isleta.
Ytara=Itara.
Ytaua= Etowah.
Ytha=Yta.
Ytimpabichis=Intimbich.
Yuahés—Iowa.
Yuanes=Iguanes.
Yubas=Yupu.
Yubipias, Yubissias= Yavapai.
Yubuincarini= Yubuineariri.
Yucal=Yokol.
Yucaopi= Yncaopi.
Yucas=Palaihnihan Family, Yukian Family.
Yucatat=Yakutat.
Yuchi=Uchean Family.
Yuchiha=Yuchi.
Yue-la’-li= Yushlali.
Yucuatl= Yuquot.
Yufala, Yufdala hupayi, Yufalis— Eufaula.
Yugelnut—Jugelnute.
Yw’hta=Ute.
Yu-i/-ta= Navaho.
Yu-Ite=Yuit.
Yuittcemo= Apache.
Yu’je ma/ka" tce ubu’qpayé=Yuzhemakanche-
ubukhpape.
Yujuanes= Yojuane.
Yuka=Yukian family.
Yukae=Yokaia.
Yukagamut=Chnagmiut, Ukak.
Yukagamute=Ukak.
Yukai=Yokaia.
Yukaipa, Yukaipat= Yucaipa.
Yukal=Yokol.
Yukeh=Yukian Family.
Yukh=Yaku.
Yuk’hiti ishak—Attacapa.
Yu-ki= Yukian Family.
Yu-xi, Yu’/-ki-tcé yinné= Yukichetunne.
Yukkweakwioose= Yukweakwioose.
Yukletas=Lekwiltok.
Yuko-chakat, Yukokakat, Yukokokat—Soonkakat.
Yukol=Yokol.
Yuk-qais’—Yukhais. A
Yu’-k’ qwi-sti-ya= Yukhwustitu.
Yukikwet’s= Yukweakwioose.
Yukulmey= Yukulme.
Yukuth, Yukuth Kutchin=Tukkuthkutchin.
Yukutneys= Yukulme.
Yu-kwa-chi= Yukichetunne.
Yu'kwilta=Lek wiltok.
Yii-kwin’-a, Yi-kwin’-i-me’ yunné= Yaquina.
Yu/-kwi-tcé’ yinné’= Yukitchetunne.
Yuk-yuk-y-yoose= Yukweakwioose.
Yulas= Ute.
Youikcone,
YOUICOMES—ZE-GAR-KIN-A
1177
Yulata=Taos.
Yullite=Ahtena,
Yulonees= Yuloni.
Yum=Comeya, Yuma,
Yumanagan= Ymunakan.
Yumagatock= Yamako.
Yumanos=Tawehash.
Yumas=Suma.
Yumatilla=Umatilla.
Yumayas= Yuma.
Yump= Yuma.
Yumpatick-ara= Yambadika.
Yum-pis= Yavapai.
Yumsa= Yuma.
Yumyum=Ute.
Yunnakachotana, Yunnakakhotana = Koyukukho-
tana.
Yunque, Yunqueyunk= Yugeuingge.
Yu"ssaha=Dakota.
Yu"taraye-rinu= Kickapoo.
Yu/-nui wun-wu= Yungyu.
Yu-nu-ye=Tyuonyi.
Yu'n-ya=Yungyu.
Yupacha= Yupaha.
Yupapais= Yavapai.
Yu-pi/It= Yuit.
Yuquache= Yukichetunne.
Yuques=Yukian Family.
Yuqui Yanqui= Yugeuingge.
Yuraba=Taos.
Yurapeis= Yavapai.
Yurmarjars= Yuma.
Yu-rok=Weitspekan Family.
Yu-sal Pomo= Usal.
Yusar’/= Yussoih.
Yuta=Ute.
Yutacjen-ne, Yutaha, Yu-tah-kah—Navaho-.
Yuta-jenne=Faraon.
Yutajen-ne= Navaho.
Yutama, Yutamo=Ute.
Yu-tar-har’=Nayaho.
Yutas= Ute.
Yutas Ancapagari=Tabeguache.
Yutas sabuaganas=A kanaquint.
Yutas Tabehuachis=Tabeguache.
Yutas Talarenos=Tularenfios.
Yutawats=Ute.
Yutcama= Yuma.
Yute=Ute.
Yute-shay=Apache.
Yutila Pa, Yutilatlawi= Navaho.
Yutlu’lath= Ucluelet.
Yutoo’-ye-roop= Yutoyara.
Yu-tst-tqaze, Yu-tsu-tquenne= Yutsutkenne.
Yutta=Ute.
Yutuin=Yutum.
Yuvas=Yupu.
Yuva-Supai=Havasupai.
Yvitachua=Tvitachuco.
Yxucaguayo=—Guayoguia, Yjar.
Zacatal Duro=Posos.
Zacopines=Tiopines.
Zages= Osage.
Zagnato= A watobi.
Zagoskin=Ikogmiut. ;
Zaguaganas, Zaguaguas=Akanaquint.
Zaguate, Zaguato—A watobi.
Zaivovois=iowa.
Za-ke=Sauk.
Zana=Sana.
Zanana=Tenankutchin.
Zancagues= Tonkawa.
Zandia=Sandia.
Zandjé jin’ga—Zandzhezhinga.
Zandju/lie=Zandzhulin.
Zanghe’darankiac=Sagadahoc.
Zani=Zuni.
Zanker-Indianer=Kutchin.
Zantees—Santee.
Za Plasua=Saint Francis.
Zaramari=Tarahumare.
Zarame= Xarame,
Zaravay=Sarauahi.
Zatoe= Xatée.
Zautoouys, Zautooys=Uzutiuhi.
Zaxxauzsi/kEn=Zakhauzsiken.
Zea=Sia.
Ze-gar-kin-a= Pima, Zuiii.
1178
Ze-ka-ka=Kitkehahki.
Zeka-thaka=Tangesatsa.
Zeke’s Village=Seek’s Village.
Zemas=Jemez.
Zembogu=Ozanbogus.
Zen-ecu=Senecu.
Zeneschio—Geneseo.
Zeninge=Shenango.
Zennecu=Senecu.
Zesuqua=Tesuque.
Zeton=Teton.
Zi-unka-kutchi, Ziunka-kutshi=Tangesatsa.
Ze-ut=Nodt.
Zeven steden van Cibola=Zuhi.
Zhiaguan=Siaguan.
Zia=Sia.
Ziaban, Ziaguan=Siaguan.
Zi-amma=Tsiama.
Ziatitz=Three Saints.
Zibirgoa=Sibirijoa. :
Zibola=Hawikuh, Zuni.
Bee nctene.
VZi-i=Sii.
na
Zika hakisis=Kitkehahki.
Zill-tar’-dens, Zill-tar-dins=Tsiltaden.
Zimshian=Tsimshian. :
Zinachson=Shamokin.
Zingomenes=Spokan.
Zinni jinné= Kinnazinde.
Zipias, Zippia-Kue=Tsipiakwe.
Zisagechroann, Zisagechrohne= Missisauga.
Zitos=Pueblo de los Silos.
Ziunka-kutshi=Tangesatsa.
Zivola=Zuii.
Zizika aki¢isin’, Zizika-dkisi= Kitkehahki.
Zjen-Kuttchin, Zjén-ta-Kouttchin= Vuntakutchin.
oe=Choiz.
ZE-KA-KA-—ZW AN-HI-OOKS
Zoenji=Zuni.
Zolajan=Sulujame.
ia Ra Ses omit oo eer
Zolucans=Cherokee.
Zoneschio, Zoneshio, Zonesschio=—Genesec.
Zoni=Sonoita.
Zonneschio—Geneseo.
Zopex=Soba.
Zopus= Esopus.
Zogkt=Zoht.
Zoreisch=Tsurau.
Zouni=Zuii.
Ztolam=Sulujame.
Zuake=Suaqui,
Zuanquiz=Quanquiz.
Zuaque=Tehueco.
Zuaqui=Suaqui,
Zue= Dakota.
Zuelotelrey=Quelotetrey.
Zugnis=Zuii.
Zuguato—Awatobi.
Zulaja, Zulajan—Sulujame.
Zuilovaus—Cherpkee,
Zumana, Zumanas, Zumas=Suma, Tawehash.
Zumis, Zun, Zuna=Zuii.
Zundju/lis=Zandzhulin.
Zune, Zunia, Zunians, Zuni-Cibola, Zunie=Zudi.
Zuni Vieja=Heshota Ayahltona.
Zunni, Zunu, Zuny, Zura=Zuii.
Zures=Keresan Family.
Zutoida=Tutoida.
Zu’tsamin=Zutsemin.
Zuxt=Zoht.
Zuyi=Zuii.
Zuze¢a kiyaksa=Kiyuksa.
Zuzeéa wicasa=Shoshoni.
Zuzetca kiyaksa=Kiyuksa.
Zwan-hi-ooks=Towahnahiooks,
[B. A. B.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Notre.—The names of authors and the titles of their papers appearing in maga-
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