- Mw) aeclp ee Sania Danas Sofa Saeed wpe tease $ + wt eiette ; ND SA 5 . ‘ ' , 4 3 crL rene eciheaehaat Lateran tf \ 4 ‘ Sap ; ve ; otis Shey ‘ Wpere’s . A M3 . ae wate rats ee ; pirgperee ce sate Hest any ch s Re BAe aN gl Pei Mate of Mat Neeh el Self AEA nessh paid Coos ce iw 2 ones Bete ae Te se setae HARVARD UNIVERSITY ee ITAS|E LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology — = Ae i Bits Ai A a i) it f ay ra ; H we sen ahi val ih i ha ah 1) - ml wid i ip } hye Wl He f ny) ap a a @ i ‘st | or “ry 9 Sine ey fa arr \ D ‘ " ve i ¥ ay LP \ is eo eile op ier hy ae ‘ ” “ ms iL en ' i. \ ae a bie iad ine } ' 7 i A } by oe, bol OM ee a 14 uy ye Oe -" led Aree we fee 8 cag. |) Ae : a ia Ba ar te Gee aes PAR, ND O87 | \ j fy Aap 4 » sé vq q ( ‘ 7 ~~ i q 4 ] rey’ } KON ~ ‘ L, Cal i ah 4 is ’ he ae) a mh) i ry ‘ f y “fj a y ' o 9 ‘ t , m at n : - hi i ih. a. . Plus) 2 | it a n? Saree 7 os ii a We fe ea ae A ee se A Comparative Study of the Egg-White Proteins of Passerine Birds ' MUS. COMP, 2008. LIBRARY, fuck b 1D JUN5 1870 Charles G. Sibley? 2 : Bulletin 32 oe PEABODY ‘MUSEUM | OF NATURAL HISTORY — YALE UNIVERSITY chee A Comparative Study of the Egg-White Proteins of Passerine Birds CHARLES G. SIBLEY Peabody Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology, Yale University BULLETIN 32 e APRIL 1970 PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY YALE UNIVERSITY NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT Bulletins published by the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, are numbered consecutively as independent monographs and appear at irregular intervals. Shorter papers are published at frequent intervals in the Peabody Museum Postilla series. The Peabody Museum Bulletin incorporates the Bulletin of the Bingham Oceano- graphic Collection, which ceased independent publication after Vol. 19, Article 2 (1967). Publications Committee: A. Lee McAlester, Chairman Theodore Delevoryas Willard D. Hartman Keith S. Thomson Thomas Uzzell Alfred W. Crompton, ex officio Editor: Jeanne E. Remington Asst. Editors: Nancy A. Ahlstrom (editor this volume) Elizabeth G. Weinman Communications concerning purchase or exchange of publications should be ad- dressed to the Publications Office, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale Uni- versity, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A. Printed in the United States of America x * Bulletins published by the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, are number intervals. S Museum Pc * ,Spiaco[d,, peor prnoys ‘prom Ise] ‘suT] UIOWOg ‘/6 adseg ‘Cc *(QUIZITOqUIS JOU) SUTTENpAeS ST SNUTeTYDUADOI_, “PR aseg “F “UIUING] ea1g = oAg {UIWINGTEAD = AO {PIOONUIOAO = WO {(ULWING[CUOIOAG = ) ULTLaJSUPTIOAQ = 1], {(UT[NGOTSoLIeUIOAQ =) BT JWauoduIOD = gT-D ‘juTOd uotjeoljdde=y :sainsiy asoy} Loy spuoeseay ayy ol ppy °7 “sty ‘ST ased pue TT “sty ‘ET adeg on "ST, osed sjusurspaymouyoy 098°" *,, prdad pynoys g-/ SOUT] ‘,,STeITalej,, Topun ‘TT aseg ‘Zz ‘(IuIdner, Jou) ,,tuIdnesyL,, peat pynoys gz Worl ‘soinsiy Jo istry °T osed suloey -‘T "UUOD ‘UdAPH MON ‘AITSTSAIUG) aTeA ‘AXOISTH TeANIeN Jo winasnpy Apoqesag ‘ve UloT [NG ‘Spilg oUlLesseg Jo SuIoJOIg s1lYM-S8yq oui Jo Apnig sanereduion vy “QL6T °9°O ‘AeTqIS epusppy jo BIeILT A ~~ S vo Om sar SES) 8 7s a oz ‘ SS ek oS eS San a) © OR i] t° fx) ne) (3 0) AS 6 eS 8 Sb alee y oa ira) i EG A'A = oS 3 3 8 One aa hy AH ban Ay Ws Org > Aa CONTENTS AEST AOP MEIC U SRA DION GS hae ciate osha inh otedaial sesohe! oie aiestebel lose oictond tense atone ABSTRACTS (ENGLISH, CERMAN, RUSSIAN) i... ac cre ctsele sia cieierin = INGE RODUGAIONG 5:55 255 2 cies Sara's erenere vee Averys aeieiees Slaves) iwitens cus) sen et=| oneal PROTEIN MOLECULES AS A SOURCE OF DATA FOR CIENSS TET GA TION) (Sh tot aus cae rsic es ale spe wien eee uc yoleleee dene s Pie) <1 eo ccaen athe Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Proteins: - 2... 2.620» 4c ‘he Technique of Plectrophoresis ~ ci -0 se eee = ae aire eel oe VAT AUS ec mes Sarees ls, oda credo cle PAG Rea enahD Letteue Core toy Shee uokoeer tafe seagate t= The Interpretation of Electrophoretic Patterns ..............-++--++-- Taxonomically Non-Significant Variation ........+..+eeseeeee eens WDenmatwrattOny <2 Maisie le atte ala ores yoo el te eth ate ot anole mete aceltaedinia ds Sample Concemtratiomics..% <0 cic atch eee) elo leet PATTAE ACES cop.c ie 1a sce Yah'c/6 so" bis al wue's ane ay alge ola tay ores acevo mete chee) aA iiausts nae canst aac Maxonomically, Significant Vaniation 204.5 on; oa ns 2 ee oer tete Ditterencesvin’ Number ob Proteims soc +a erate DMifferencesin, the Mobilities of Proteins: <7... 605-9 6 ae ee The Taxonomic Significance and Limitations of Electrophoretic Data .. Blectropworeticu Goincidencen cy tea. oe sina ois aes onsite See COMM. EES EMC! Wego ie ato ict ancl al chstol foy 215) hon toachel aWetieio he tah ce-ch lee tener oiete gar Internal Standards for Comparisons, -\ c)-0. 202 ost eee Ape Pattern T VPes:.ssst ie scie tg o'Ss sl ehsvon Seer wrayniensy raise) eral eyes aie ZAMS ATI. VLC W POURES: Fe 9 67-2 Neneh sts 5) che yale ar sss Tapenecr cea gaferseo) Atle Ieteh cae) Sicha THE NON-OSCINE PASSERINES (SUBORDERS EURYLAIMI AND SIRVIROAINIIN Ds oo as ad ceed ead AE EERO yeaa eee NG BN ye Historical Review of the Classification of the Non-Oscine Passerines ... the Present Classifications: <7 —vayos.c a ies yore res soe ee etenoial te derancbenet waren enake ANIMES) SLUGY Ob The SVT Zee asim «75-0 te eee asic ee eon ppherBos White Proce Data, .\eleieis cts oasis ebay ar pefars ecto ete ere lorem (or tere Hamuily urylamnidae,. Broadbills: <0 7222. reqs ee iets rel Family Dendrocolaptidae, Woodereepers 2%... 3he-c2 i. hese Family Murnarnidae, (Ovenbirds 2.2056 ascot ene teiaotl occ aie see Hamily ,Fornicanidaes Amtbinds oir. niet ci) ibiete ele she ee cielo mi ehoie Family Conopophagidae, Gnateaters and Ant-pipits ............... Family whinocryptidae) apaculos eit ice - yrraie is teiel= aoe else he Bamily.@otunpidae,, (OuMmMeas. < sie 1 stses.werci hemi aneniaeiers es ee ale erin eke « Hamaiuly peiprdae, sMianakans; 5. oy. « ancieu so ieeisets © erie cogsre tenets hl Family Phytotomidae (Plant-cutters! ye te: oe oe. ss >see eee 66 Family Mimidae, Thrashers and Mockingbirds .. 2... .--225-..-)e 67 Family “urdidae, Whrushes: .. sca .c5 secs eee ase 68 Bamily Zeledonitdae,, Wrenthrushes:..: <2. s'ou- sos oo ee 12 Family Sylviidae, ‘Old World Warblers ~. ....- 35.2. +25. - une eee a2 Family Regulidae, Kinglets ....o%20ku aces ses sician iene Rete a2 Family Muscicapidae, Old World Flycatchers . ....:..:2..a0c-ehee 73 Family, Prunellidae,| Accentors) 22 (22 a.ncasce see ee eee 74 Family Motacillidae, Wagtails and Pipits,...-.........-.+-- seer 75 Family: Bombycillidae; Waxwings: sic. gisi1.0.% Scie Se see ee 76 amily, Prilogonatidae, Silky Flycatchers....5..c26 5.07. osmenee ee 76 Family: Dulidae, Palm: Chats) «a: 2. s/s. ci’. sm ae ele ciseiglerhs he pacers ieee 76 Family, Artamidae, Woodswallows, .......201). d--e-ee ede en eee 77 Bamily“Lantidae, Shrikes. 2c. « «isis ayes deeteel eda tame eee 78 Ramily, Prionopidae,. Woodshrikes .25../.....00 fencer: cee 79 Family, (Gyclarhidae, .Peppershrikes. 2)..2i..-1-1122 ci) ochcmietsnee crete tne a9 Family Vireolaniidae, ‘Shrike-vireos, 2...) .J2.9202 5008 oe aceon 79 Family, Sturmidae, ‘Starlimes:25.io3% sew ciel. aw sare © ce ce etch ete Rene 79 Family Meliphagidae,, Honey-eaters) 3.2 <..0< ss sceneries tone 81 Famuly, INectarintidae,. Sunbirds : %):2: tits. bee ohana eee 83 Famualy, .Dicaeidae, .Flowerpeckers |. 226.35 joneten sce eee eee 83 Kamuly Zosteropidae,. White-eyes? as 0.).5..... «ence tee ee wee eee 84 Kamily Ploceidae; ‘Weaverbirds, Waxbills’ ..2. -.0:20.025 68 sacs goes 85 Subfamily Bubalornithinae, Buffalo-weavers ................00: 85 Subfamily *Ploceinde; Weaverbitds’: 2.) 21.20 astern oes 85 Subfamily Estrildinaes Waxbills; 2 Sst 4. Joc ckaooes~ een ee ee 85 Subfamily Viduinae, Widow-birds © yi... ess sido oie os 86 Family -asseridae, “SparrOw- Weavers © ..s.sraje.e1+ < <.2\<). iit wal’: it me be naa (eae: HOE FPR ; 1= ey ioe a eee milion ut I Dias Lo Mae’ & mea iid dai hat ny ry SAD Matyi 0h) 2h be a nits _ _ * ital, a a} (ane bad cat \ se 79 >@ +] yr & co ’ ' atheage . | | , 2 = mm frontalis — = | fo jer =. | Asthenes humicola oo | | | = - = a modesta ; etm - ee baeri ee A Pan wae — 2 ranioleuca pyrrhophia i , Phacellodomus rufifrons | Sclerurus caudacutus SER eA eeeel Philydor rufus FIGURE 8. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Eurylaimidae, Dendro- colaptidae, and Furnariidae. Taraba major | Thamnophilus caerulescens ” doliatus i punctatus Lhosbaauues o thee eeitaagy Dysithamnus puncticeps Myrmotherula axillaris _ & . oo . @ Phaenostictus mcleannani Gymnopithys leucaspis Formicivora grisea Conopophaga lineata Platypsaris aglaiae Chiroxiphia caudata Phytotoma rara FIGURE 4. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Formicariidae, Conopo- phagidae, Cotingidae, Pipridae and Phytotomidae. Tyrannus tyrannus ” melancholicus Pitangus sulphuratus ” lictor Sayornis phoebe r nigricans Contopus virens Elaenia flavogaster ” spectabilis ” albiceps Empidonax difficilis ” traillii FIGURE 5. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Tyrannidae (part). FIGURE 6. Starch GQ TTT Myiobius barbatus Idioptilon margaritaceiventer Myiarchus tuberculifer Myiozetetes similis Neoxolmis rufiventris Serpophaga subcristata Platyrinchus platyrhynchos Leptopogon amaurocephalus Knipolegus cabanisi ” aterrimus Machetornis rixosus Mecocerculus leucophrys el electrophoretic patterns of the Tyrannidae (part). Pitta erythrogaster Menura superba Acanthisitta chloris Alauda arvensis Eremophila alpestris Melanocorypha calandra Galerida malabarica Y. cristata Calandrella cinerea Lullula arborea Tachycineta bicolor Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Riparia riparia FIGURE 7. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Pittidae, Menuridae, Acanthisittidae, Alaudidae and Hirundinidae (part). Riparia paludicola ” tahitica ” aethiopica ” albigularis Cecropis semirufa . < - . 7 s ; " cucullata ms abyssinica is daurica " senegalensis Petrochelidon pyrrhonota ” fulva ” spilodera Dicrurus aeneus WB adsimilis FIGURE 8. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Hirundinidae (part) and Dicruridae (part). Dicrurus adsimilis Oriolus oriolus Irena puella Corvus coronoides uy) corax " corone ” albus " frugilegus 1 monedula " brachyrhynchos ” bennetti Garrulus glandarius Cyanocitta cristata Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Pica pica FIGURE 9. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Dicruridae (part), Orio- lidae and Corvidae (part). Cyanopica cyana Gymnorhina hypoleuca Strepera melanoptera Grallina cyanoleuca Diphyllodes magnificus Parus bicolor palustris ey 2 ater y major . 3 - ~~ = co ! ” caeruleus e . “~~ = Psaltriparus minimus Panurus_ biarmicus Sitta carolinensis FIGURE 10. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Corvidae (part), Cracti- cidae, Grallinidae, Paradiseidae, Paridae and Sittidae (part). Sitta europaea Climacteris picumnus Tichodroma muraria Certhia familiaris — a Macronous gularis Stachyris erythroptera Turdoides plebeja Pomatorhinus montanus Pellorneum capistratum Picathartes gymnocephalus Campephaga phoenicea FIGURE 11. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Sittidae (part), Certhi- idae, Chamaeidae, ‘Timaliidae and Campephagidae (part). Campephaga phoenicea Phyllastrephus terrestris Pycnonotus barbatus " milanjensis ” importunus ” leucotis Hypsipetes philippinus Cinclus cinclus Troglodytes troglodytes ” aedon Cistothorus palustris Thryothorus pleurostictus Thryomanes_ bewickii Toxostoma curvirostre ” rufum FIGURE 12. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Campephagidae (part), Pycnonotidae, Cinclidae, Troglodytidae and Mimidae (part). Mimus polyglottos ” saturninus " gilvus Dumetella carolinensis Melanotis caerulescens Erithacus rubecula ” megarhynchos Phoenicurus phoenicurus Saxicola torquata Oenanthe monticola My lugens ” leucura hispanica FIGURE 13. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Mimidae (part) and Turdidae (part). Turdus migratorius ” ” wD VISCIVOrUS a grayi | m libonyanus y falklandii ” rufiventris ” pilaris ” merula ” albicollis " nudigenis ‘ fumigatus " leucomelas ” olivaceus ” philomelos : plumbeus FIGURE 14. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Turdidae (part). Catharus fuscescens Hylocichla mustelina Erythropygia leucophrys Cossypha caffra Copsychus saularis | £ ° i | | = * Sylvia communis ss: oir : ; — . @ ‘ curruca i & « ye | — . 7 " atricapilla ise ee a ae = 2 melanocephala pee . ‘| sé. - | " nisoria pee . 62 borin FIGURE 15. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Turdidae (part) and Sylviidae (part). . ° Cisticola aberrans — | J dé ayersii | 3 is z tinniens : 3 y galactotes | B |S x textrix #f . u juncidis 2 ' " fulvicapilla i , | Phylloscopus collybita { . a | ; : | * | ” trochilus bi | . | =? . 2 or ” sibilatrix | ow ss — t oe Passer melanurus se i 7 oe . 2 : ” domesticus ia > i -— ; : Ci _ i= # - is " ” montanus is = t + —_ y hispaniolensis rt . 7 e = > Philetairus socius (1 oe j a = ” ” 1. ‘2 oom . el Montifringilla nivalis CT a : Vireo olivaceus eos : & * Carduelis carduelis ” chloris FIGURE 24. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Viduinae, Passeridae, Vireonidae, Fringillini and Carduelini (part). Spinus tristis Acanthis cannabina Serinus sulphuratus Pyrrhula_ pyrrhula Carpodacus purpureus Loxops virens Cardinalis cardinalis Pheucticus ludovicianus 5 te t } Cyanocompsa cyanea ms 2 cyanoides | z i | . —— | Loxigilla violacea lt: a +. | = oe «(|| Sicalis flaveola | 3 > » . , | & § - | co —_———- Saltator maximus | >: a : . = >: > a aurantiirostris FIGURE 25. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Carduelini (part), Dre- paninini, Cardinalini and Emberizini (part). 4 Geospiza fortis = |= A ; magnirostris | e ee . Phrygilus fructiceti iz ~ Coryphospingus cucullatus |= at Arremon flavirostris Junco phaeonotus Spizella passerina Zonotrichia querula uy capensis Melospiza melodia lincolnii W NTL LLL Tete, TTL LLU tr georgiana rr bs Poospiza melanoleuca Embernagra platensis Calcarius pictus Plectrophenax nivalis FIGURE 26. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Emberizini (part). ~~ ll Emberiza schoeniclus —— 3 | — ‘ " cirlus | = tl | — 4 citrinella ke i alll : _ | uy flaviventris > @¢ => - = , H calandra a e ee Tanagra chlorotica — : | = j Tangara cyanoventris has ~ ” icterocephala a |z « : \z a Thraupis cyanoptera bd aot " iscopus ” sayaca ” bonariensis Tachyphonus coronatus Schistochlamys ruficapillus Habia gutturalis ” rubica FIGURE 27. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Emberizini (part) and Thraupini (part). Piranga olivacea Tersina viridis Vermivora celata Dendroica petechia ” ” mv caerulescens pore: ae “ii ” A — pensylvanica saa —- — Icteria virens | ll Beal Setophaga ruticilla = — - * Geothlypis trichas " 12a er = Coereba flaveola Zeledonia coronata Molothrus ater FIGURE 28. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Thraupini (part), Parulini, Coerebini, Zeledoniini and Icterinae (part). ad Molothrus badius Scaphidura oryzivora Cacicus cela Zarhynchus wagleri Quiscalus quiscula Cassidix mexicanus Euphagus cyanocephalus Agelaius thilius u phoeniceus ” icterocephalus " ruficapillus we Icterus galbula I £ i chrysocephalus | = ” gularis |} = |= (= Pezites militaris \= | = Pseudoleistes virescens FIGURE 29. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of the Icterinae (part). Furnarius rufus Synallaxis frontalis ” brachyura Asthenes_ baeri Geositta cunicularia 5-418 Thamnophilus doliatus Furnarius rufus _°e Tyrannus tyrannus Ps | Se me Os oa Sayornis phoebe Platypsaris aglaiae ‘ i i : | x co FIGURE 30. Starch gel No. $-239 showing variation in the patterns of the Fur- nariidae and No. S$-418 comparing the Formicariidae (Thamnophilus), Furnart- idae (Furnarius), Tyrannidae (Tyrannus, Sayornis) and Cotingidae (Platypsaris). Estrilda temporalis Passer domesticus Poephila guttata Vidua macroura Lonchura striata Poephila guttata Spinus tristis Melospiza georgiana Agelaius icterocephalus Cyanocompsa cyanoides Poephila guttata Ploceus capensis " jacksoni Vidua macroura Passer melanurus Spizella passerina FIGURE 31. Starch gel No. S-435 comparing several estrildines (Estrilda, Poe- phila, Lonchura) with Vidua, Passer, a cardueline (Spinus) and an emberizine (Melospiza). No. S-661 comparing several fringillids (Agelaius, Cyanocompsa, Spizella), ploceids (Ploceus, Poephila), Viduwa and Passer. S-1830 Certhia familiaris Aegithalos caudatus ww Motacilla capensis aa Muscicapa striata * * _ Ai si Theat pede) et Urolestes melanoleucus Chlorophoneus sulphureopectus Nilaus afer Fr ater Laniarius ferrugineus Lanius collurio ” senator F Boas a Pos: FIGURE 32. Starch gel No. S-1830 demonstrating the similarities between the egg-white proteins of Certhia and Aegithalos. No. S-1986 indicates the similarity between the Motacillidae and Muscicapidae and the variation within the Lani- idae. Dendroica petechia Agelaius thilius Pheucticus ludovicianus Fringilla coelebs Cardinalis cardinalis Zonotrichia capensis Carduelis carduelis Parus major Furnarius rufus Sayornis phoebe Knipolegus cabanisi Troglodytes aedon Synallaxis frontalis Asthenes humicola Thamnophilus caerulescens FIGURE 33. Starch gel No. S-2088 to demonstrate similarities and differences within the Fringillidae. No. S-2207 compares a wren (Troglodytes) with Parus and with representatives of several groups of non-oscine passerines. Grallina cyanoleuca Gymnorhina tibicen Dicrurus adsimilis Oriolus oriolus Campephaga phoenicea Phyllastrephus terrestris Pycnonotus barbatus ” milanjensis Mecocerculus leucophrys Machetornis rixosus Neoxolmis rufiventris Elaenia flavogaster Troglodytes aedon Synallaxis frontalis Cranioleuca pyrrhophia Phacellodomus rufifrons FIGURE 34. Starch gel No. S-2213 comparing patterns of the Grallinidae, Cracticidae (Gymnorhina), Dicruridae, Oriolidae, Campephagidae and Pycnono- tidae. S-2216 showing the similarities among several tyrannids and furnariids and the differences between them and Troglodytes. va , Prinia subflava a ill : the hi j Oena e ~~ ee n Ispanica * Sialia sialis Turdus migratorius Pycnonotus barbatus Phyllastrephus terrestris Nectarinia talatala Zosterops virens Muscicapa adusta Prinia subflava Acrocephalus baeticatus FIGURE 35. Starch gel No. S-2264 showing the “ovomucoid” in the pattern of Sialia and comparing Prinia with three genera of the Turdidae. S-2281 compar- ing the Pycnonotidae (Pycnonotus, Phyllastrephus), Nectariniidae, Zosteropidae, Muscicapidae and Sylviidae (Prinia, Acrocephalus). Sylvia atricapilla Prinia socialis 1 flaviventris ” subflava " maculosa Turdus merula ” ochruros Oenanthe oenanthe Cinclus cinclus oie Phoenicurus phoenicurus Se ‘ — 7 Acrocephalus scirpaceus FIGURE 36. Starch gel No. S-2272 comparing Sylvia with four species of Prinza. No, S-2381 comparing Cinclus with several thrushes and a sylviid (Acrocephalus). Note the apparent “ovomucoid” fraction in Acrocephalus. Pycnonotus Meliphaga Cyanocitta Meliphaga Certhionyx Pardalotus FIGURE 37. Starch gel No. S-2386 to show the similarity between the patterns of Artamus and Sturnus and between Pycnonotus and Dicrurus. No. S-2389 dem- onstrates the similarities among Lichmera, Certhionyx and Pardalotus, the dif- ferences between Nectarinia and the Meliphagidae and the differences between Zosterops and the meliphagids and nectariniids. barbatus Oriolus oriolus Dicrurus adsimilis Sturnus vulgaris Artamus personatus Bombycilla cedrorum virescens cristata penicillata variegatus Phylidonyris albifrons Lichmera_ indistincta rubricatus Zosterops palpebrosa Nectarinia famosa Phylidonyris albifrons Sturnus vulgaris Ficedula hypoleuca Rhipidura leucophrys Sphenostoma cristatum Colluricincla rufiventris Stachyris poliocephala Pycnonotus xanthopygos Parus atricapillus Gymnorhina tibicen Artamus personatus Sturnus vulgaris Sericornis lathami Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Pardalotus rubricatus Certhionyx variegatus Lichmera_ indistincta FIGURE 38. Starch gel No. S-2450 to demonstrate the differences between Sphenostoma and Parus. No. S-2451 indicates that the pattern of Acanthiza is similar to those of Lichmera and Certhionyx. = 7 a 7 4 a¥ , ‘ nm | | : 7 ; . pay Wy: " ” M a ce d : ¥ : : . 19 : t on 7 #3} _, a ny ie 7 | , a if ‘ os : : f | | . » mi oa : ; : Jy Ye i | is a . | | | : re ; | 7 - 7 j * | | ‘ - | § e a i, UF ie, Hud iyi} j cna it ve Cet AA 1 { | eT ; i ‘ f Diy byt ed ql i T ir i pt 0 7 ha a) - 1 i I J iF = . - v i | At 4 it 1 1 Vy t t yey eu ween it) th Te Hig ‘ vais! p hs : mn “ 7 ar 7 i he AN ; - ‘ A 4 ' i 1 1 if ‘ n i ‘ ae ‘ j | i j } ( 1 j 5 f , | ‘ ie! i t f i ‘ ' / i} 1 f i ae | k | 7 i F j *) li ‘ } t 1 Q ri : { iw 7! ak 4 \) \ i i yf i Ver eu a j . : t it U 7 | f fon! t i | i ; i f i j Wy fd ( i] f y j ’ z f } { i 1, } bw) | =| i ST 3 2044 BOUND DEC 1972 Sia err een iarety batintytetg MABE BEL gst pe Se Merge ree sini tes Ma hes ales Sa Om 33 a cs = - - - - a ” eS + = 7 as - oe : ‘ - - aie ste z . : os. antes eae Te earl Mae te = a ft ol whe es ree ee rs tail LEMS i at 2 i Piet os ere eh ree a ~ pane ese ty, te Pa lee ee eee ee eT) o fe Ser ore nk ee Rew .