Yh VY tj, Ly
VL
Mike dbs VIVES CLISIILESS
SA, ?EoE
LG
LG
YG:
KG
Z
LY
ZY
Z
1%
2G:
ZG
GY
%
4
Z
Z
MMV
SSNS
QQ Qn TT
tot an at eae A daa
se Wy es Sane oe PP ‘ , ee
iy ‘— by! 9)
“s
is
, a
ae,
Ween iia
pn
, ae a AS
y s ote
ctw tht ¥ "i Z
Wie he
¢
& :
oat! “~~.
a }
+
a tel)
¢
‘ *
.
i
4
¢
i
s ~ ‘
.
ae
as
7
~ ‘
‘
“
‘a
i a
-
ae
?
‘
; i ieee tar ay Tk
ey ;
} oe A
i
a, My 7
a
2
.
(eX
ie) “>
ne
RAT «
raat the
“i
‘
i
.
.
te -
-
4
/
‘
.
7
A ov
.
oT)
‘
‘
|
é ‘ i
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
BULLETIN 34
PHYSIOLOGICAL
AND-MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
AMONG THE INDIANS OF SOUTHWEST-
ERN UNITED STATES AND
NORTHERN MEXICO
BING
ALES HRDLICKA
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFIOE
1908
' pe ae he ae
~ 4 ss eos}
a : i ame
YOLTAN
LD
hy
a i
av
es bs
, lo oe
: — ‘S
=e
- me .
ag Coed .
- a ~~ tee
ae a ,
ae
i a ee
J
par
Hi
i
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Bureau oF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY,
Washington, D. C., May 2%, 1905.
Sr: I have the honor to submit herewith the manuscript of Bulle-
tin 34 of the Bureau of American Ethnology, entitled ‘‘ Physiological
and Medical Observations among the Indians of Southwestern United
States and Northern Mexico,” by Ales Hrdlitka, Assistant Curator in
charge of the Division of Physical Anthropology, United States
National Museum. This bulletin comprises the results of extended
researches and personal observations among a large number of tribes
occupying the arid region of the Southwest and deals with matters
of great importance to the aborigines and to those agencies, govern-
mental and otherwise, interested in promoting their welfare, as well
as to the science of Anthropology at large.
Respectfully,
W. H. Houmss, Chief.
The SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Washington, D. C.
1eBt
py Ki
>8
ec kee
ETA aca
i= Le eens
. eat he ea . piv e PAS be
Ree ids) Gus
CONTENTS
Pemlearent ine (ROR eee merrier kc Seite Nee okn tien ceca sane ah iy hae. S
Mie eneralsenyvINGOmmMembes. = ener. 5 aes es ere So haters Ao Wein Savers are cfs Slee oe. -
iiieeinucdian populations. 0.62 sere tee Ele. 2 a ccf once an) eae Eee a
SAVERS MO divISTONStOliMextht bess... set 4. cei seer ee asc Sth eos SL
Mherrslocationsand moans ica letypes se ae 4 ai ee em ass vsvays ion = = ee
RpisercOna Wen wangnnii emt ke Foe ao cS ey eee Soa eee Se ls
Slatkin neta ae ene Sere hs Sa eee Rate SEe oo Ga Ae
DDE TMGDS TSE, Se, Sie leg see ee gee a Se
Occupations...-.... ac FRY at ee Ae ee io Tm See a
DP Pmmres yintd Pee eye ea Se Frey cp et oe enya su inte PAL Se gt holes siecle skid
Vile All coh oliera aii sem ete et en een Sates Shaye eisep ete ae
VIII. General habits of life, character, and social condition........: , area aia
CS. TRAE) GaAs SE 2S ee ee ee nen es CIS en eg oe eee
ROGER MOM IOISeKEs sas Feta 2 ie Ba Ree Ne ees Soa
opUlartamunnaCGseee = . ao yeaa atts ys ee hi eee mek a Sele
Srin@: Gi TRHIONULIGS 2 2 GBs ceae teks ise actie a ae eae eee ere ae
Reprod Chlone. <= 45. S.25 5 5/3 Se Se Gg REE Cer me ee
AGIA ete meres aise aa hacia sane eee Sas eats Soe 33S
Sterile women; preference of sex; gestation..............-...--
Labor; multiple and abnormal births; placenta; reappearance
Gia MCA RUAIOM cen sah rs oc So FIER Se ii oi cee
Wetailleia blessyesen seer: eee Cee Se, we ee ee
Early attention to the infant; nursing and feeding.............-
Later attention to the child; head deformation..........-....--
Physiological observations:on. children. 2-. ¥.<22-862.5.-252...5..-5
(GCvaVet eal Seve Scream ee te ae Poy re mreynne me Ce Barer
Spe cuisnnal es onschiGnenon ia. Naha ty ese etn at to
WhildrencobmnowlenCe actin oe ets ose gee Nee Se
Jad Teer te Sees SE I IEE eS Pee Eee Bak eee eee
Rulsevancdanes piravlome tps ta Mee he ey See Sn ote eer
SINESeN i ne oS ie ABs ae gee Oe ey are es
ihocomotioniandepeechieusay ss ae0 524. Se es eee
Children whose age could not be ascertained.......-.-.-.----
AP PLOMUMATOUROL ACES srs a tee SoA ee Les Oe ate ase
Pulse, respiration, and temperafure.......-....-.-----
Muscular honeer ms see. es dee wail. Nee eS cel ee
(Giro wit time mee teernt eee emery ts ee eA ees ok ee he
Eleigin: Bnb= ame pr SOhIa eink sae a elec a es
Weight .....- Fe te arm ee a ie tana pene citol S 5
CerowiehisOl ue eenGn den soo sees eta tend oe eS ha
Grampa tmevinGess <5 me). Sr ye ee as Se ee chee
Dentition considered in relation to stature.......-..---
Wentalvamomeies ow eek SNe dak Soe Nelo
LECH) O Ss yee Oe ses es el
iNdolescencerimimalle:s beards. sss. 5 2256-2 s-= eas on
General résumé of physiological observations on the Indian
GENT Rn ao errors SAE Us Soa reo Sat Sh Sete ae
100
101
101
108
12
112
114
116
120
122
123
125
128
129
VI CONTENTS
IX. Physiology—Continued. Page
Physiological observations on,adults....-- 55 eee eee eee 132
Staturer .2 sec ssc e nec eS Dae ee oe ee revere 132
Pulse; respiration;‘and temperature. 0. .2c cases ese eee eee ee 138
Résumé of the data shown in the preceding tables, and
COM parison: with: whites sac: a ese ee ee ee 141
Muscular forces. 2s eee ee Oe ee 143
Summary of the principal results of instrumental determinations
on itheadhuilt. 262% 2 sak he i BY ee ae eee ee ee ae 152
Murthervo bserv ati ons 02 oi eee: ae Re ee ae ene ee ee 153
The skin.and:itsiappendages: 9:35. 2.00 72. ea2 ence eee 153
Special Senses... of 4 Sal Sass aes ae, Sree eC ee ee 154
Sleep rand! dreams: -- 48s. thei. Se eee eee 154
Mentalvand!) merous powerssso> Seca sere eee eee 155
Wana es joie ceecne ee = Srey see eens Sees! SoS ic ome ea ee ee 155
Wigestion, 5s esstees eee TEES Se chines 3 Tam pees ee aaa ee 156
Obesity. 2 Legere 2 acer si Sete ee ee se ee reece, ae rarest ae cars 156
Menstruation (in adults) and climacterium........-...-.....-.- 157
Si -5 (wl bin ge are Ey cep Sterne Aa Hea Laas 1S tor
Gray Mess: <2 ict est SP ee eae eee ene tte pee 159
bess:oftairs 2. 2 Seen eee rie rae eee ee eee 161
eX; Notes‘on social abnormalities:c25. .e te ete ces son nee eee 163
Artificial abortions 22252 tue ae ne el ape terrane sea Ap sdk ie ut cae ee 163
Details’ 20 g.\5s 2522 3 eat ee ae ee ee esc cee aero ee ee 163
Artificial sterility. 2 tse-0 seen ae Soe se ee eee eee 165
Tnfamtierdes 555, sccoe Sse Ae oie a oe etre re eee peepee 165
0) 000, ae Ie SE i Se Ree GE tae hen aT eA AGG HSCS Waa oue 166
UTC x2 oy se eae es ee ne ee wae ee re 171
So; ‘(Medical observations. = -3,52 35 3 ae be aoe see eee seer 172
Patho gemiy Sas ck Be aes ei eee Bee ae ete eer at eee 172
Diseases among the Indians of the Southwest and of northern Mexico. 175
SUMMA sash ee eee ae eee ee ee er ere Gri 187
Alloumisinal 42 Se seh: See Se es Se een eee ee ree 192
Diseases among Indians in various parts of the United States...... 197
CAMS Tn Sinise oe seers = EIS On Se eer ee i 198
Gober =: os Setnanehe cee LO eee ot ee eee 199
GretINIsTa AS eek ee Say Shes Fore eat een ele are ee 201
Un Samity eases Aiea Baers 2 Sk eo AVG ri ei a ee Sree ee ee 201
Epilepsy 2. 28ers SNe ee ae ee 202
Wi OGY 5 eo 2 hota Dee ore ee 204
Deaf and dumber. 2 ae ee ee see Reg eo ° 206
Spinal: curvatures: >. 5.235284. 0 Ba eee ae ee eee 208
Mubercullosiscc 23225632. e eae ee ae ee ee 209
Phiysiciaiis’ notes: << 22sis0s GiS2 ste Penne ee sae ee eee 213
XII. Indian conception of disease, its prevention and treatment; folk medi-
cine and *medicine-men - 24-27 = sce eee ete Se aera 220
Medicine=menizi 22 e534. cece Oe ee eee see eeaeine 221
Meédicine=-womlener Sas. 222 se ton ee epee eee Sees 224
Trikal details... 232355. Gee Sa cecic ees cee eee eee ee eeeeee ae 224
Prevention.) 3t cea. cke oe ce ae hee ae elie tes Ee eee 229
Mollemedicine) en seen eons ea etre ees a ee -231
CONTENTS Vil
Page
J TONEAS ELE phe 2 5 CP tS aS a ec 255
EN IN EUR RESTING BIS eet MS es 5 SR ye iy ey ey 257
B. Tables of detail measurements and observations..................---- 266
ieindisarechultren/ot knowl AGES: --6co2-2 lees ee eee See eee eee 266
Table 1. Measurements, and physiological and other data... ...-. 266
(a) oan trlGaeApACReNTG st) 7g a- Ante cee Mh oe bl ciel 3 x or 266
(D) eiirray (GO sp2) he ease ae VEL ere 2 oes seein 2 - 266
Meaindian children’ of approximated ages-..+22.:.22-.--22---2-- 62+. -- 267
Table 2. Detail measurements: height, weight, head ..........-. 267
(a) PACE" WO Vide ce. ae oe fee Re Cte ee eho Sas a oe 267
(Ome ipac hese lpnemertetreer soe sane Se EEE ee eek we 271
(Oe BTU Seti Ooh 7S ee eae ern eat me ee te eg ne a 276
GD) deetrnser ard [Si sae aie eter gar Saya et gn ne 279
Table 3. Face measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature;
LOCC RE ek So SERGE cobs o Ooe ae ASO OIG Re OE ar eee 283
(a) Ammacherbouass tc bees, aati < farses = eee ee Bee 20d
(Oo) eAvaaeieycirisyaees spb serene at. c| ee See ar rak Saye 2 6 5 59 287
(CE) Lees | CONS es ee GRE tats ae APO a RAD a Se cena 292
(ED) STEDNCT sear d [Sh SSI gine ee Sen Oe Ree 295
Table 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject.................-...- 299
(a) earpaelee pos cr teen eM beh eh sare ASE ee ccs IY 299
(DP) ENTE) OO ya acct ate es AE TE eRe a eh be 322
Table 4 (Female). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstrua-
UOT os eh is enc ee ce gS RR ONE CaN PRO PO a a i COR See et 310
(DN GURY CREME: 5 oes 8 in ase eet nl ea Mc ate ee ae gs 310
(d) Pima girls....... She es hohe ie ee tx elt Se ERE ea a 330
Miblels Abstract ol measurements: -~-222.2.. 5222. 5-.5.62022 82 22 342
(a,b) Apache......- aah ese aaa went Sn SER es ee 342
CMG) meni e tr ne ee ee Sn eae Un 2k ESE R 345
eelevend tanec cilities ase tots pee ee ae ce eet a tee cts ee 348
Table 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration..........-.. 348
(QyaWihitetiniver Apaches a eon. set fe ny ree ee A 348
(O) See vall Oboe eee eee BN See Be RN ie UR ANE 350
(GRRE DOS pee ei ree tetera ee ee he er pec 2 ar 352
(UDC Le Wey oy pe a IN ee Rete an A ea ot eA a 355
(Oe a ee ee Bs eet ee on ae re ee PRR ON ee Peto 357
(Gj) EET OR SSS tt CM A oie yt ergo ng eo oh a eee Seed 359
(eri elit cle eae we ee ae i Ape tony So OR Re oe te ee ee eg 361
UPN) SUUEN NCO) CP ea 2 ec patel ip det Ae A Se rage Ee Eg 363
(ime Mohave aumene: aeeees ap ane eer lsn 2 ACen kel ess Ae 365
(Cn NRO Sa eae te Eee ast tek Behe Zeeman al Ot Segoe cur gear et a cee 366
(NY. SEVEN ES Soe cace ie By a es ae te A ee pe er ae 367
i eiilaraliniinanemetn. ay wee ce ame We eae ole fC uy eB s te: 368
(270) MEP UEC RO reer bnew ees SN tee tre a te Rote tye Sore oe ne Sed 369
(EO fio Trailers a eee ts SOE a ORO Fie casey ie Se waa ANS 370
UO) “ARENT ERVEY CO Yes en ees ey Wet oo shee eR ce Ree 370
maples. bests ot muscular strength, im: kilosy: 22.0. .2.. 20.2206 372
(CQ) ADAG CE cept re rere gee lense more ae ay) SRN Ie Pe 372
Ca)» APOE 0 Kass aes ME Ny De Re a 374
a) TEIGTOT. Som rhe ee ga Ste ONS rE it Se ae Se Ee 376
(GI PACSUN 2 ee, Ria See SE age ale RG aoa ee ae 378
(2) ICO INN Sao Bea Seca aegis eo es a ee 380
VuL
CONTENTS
APPEN pix—Continued.
B. Tables of detail measurements and observations—Continued.
IJt. Indian adults—Continued.
Table 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued. Page
Cf), Nain ss ep A ee ne Oia a a gs ee 382
(q) Maricopa.....-. Eta eo BE eee ae ee ee ee oth alae 383
(BR) Papago) ot snes Jen ase oe See ene eae yee Lae 383
(t) Pima soso eee a a eae ee eee ley eee 387
(9) Corea Sasa. 2 4 yee x ard igs age ee me ee ea 389
(&) "Barascom: fi. 2 eva eae ee nr eee ne tate 390
(2) Oto... 22. oa Sa ca Sree ene er ere Bae ee 392
2. |) PAGHE CR ean Scene Does to Se eee eee es 394
Yable 8. Data pertaining to‘prayness.-. 22-545) =. se ee eee 397
(ay Apache." sori. G5 eee cee eee ee eee ea 397
@) Puchlos ies 2- sg.082 Shee A oe ee ee ee eee 398
(e) Dati. As ee es Le Ra a ee 399
(dj Mohave: csraha oes 3 ae So ee eon teers ee eee 400
te) Mumia s: Sates 84 sie ee et Se ere ate a a 400
Gf) Maricopa <285 26 26 OAs ss Sarees ee ae eee 401
Ce gan och: ey ere Breer cant Sheps 2 Oe ee a 402
(CR) SBa pags 2a i. Aa ee ee A Oe aria Pape a ee 403
(a) Marg uate Sale et SSeS So aay tite Ch yee ane See Se 403
(4) Maralumare™ s:5o.c0t Sect cc cee tees oe eee ie ae 404
Ch) OGRA ES SS aS ne Se ele a ae ee ee o Lone 6 AOE
PRO ommiies ee ee ee ouDate siss ge eer eee ee oe ee 405
(Gn) WRarasGo 22% 25. ine aes bare oor ee eee Oe ae 405
(RN WATUCE aS Se Sas oe sae wore ae te ee ne eee 406
EV. Indian’ children andsadulitss. .2. 224-20. 5-eee sae ee eee 406
Table 9. Reports on various pathological conditions among the
Indians of the United States, by agency and school
phYSicians. . 2: 2 ose hee ee ee eee 406
C; “Bibliography ’. 22.2.2 2. se o- 8 2 oS st eee eee ee eee 407
ANG Ox et Sukie de bees faa ee Go ec oie aes oe ae 427
ILLUSTRATIONS
tate. Groups of, ELuichol in native costumes. 52... ....2.+-.5.--+-2-+--
II. Typical Indian dwellings—Navaho, Pueblo, Apache..--.......-.--
iii Wanter dwellingsot thewiavaslipal.=20 2225.2 .J..c5. Jockos = ee
HWY LEW OPATOIG Inj) ESAS Me ae lee rp a eae a
V. Adobe dwellings of the San Xavier Papago. ......-.....---.-----
aleoiey may Cele se .. = Herne wean mee eis cs Sok Sec Soe es cule e So
VII. The Yuma village in the lowlands, at Fort Yuma, California... .-.
VIE. A Seri dwelling, Sonora...........-....-.- A a Son ee
Ie \ohaves Onata and: Wagul dwellimes:2* 5.4. <\-S22se.0-52-es ss
Ree chichimer.. sauichol; andiCoracd-wellings: \.. 42 2222.0 se code al
Sele Orommedwellimes sEMidaleo. 2 = S525. oe os Cae c seo e oe ne se sn
aewawrcevdmecllinoss MGrelossas. cscs .c.< sce ecew weed ote eos tomes es
XIII. Pulse-rate in relation to stature, in the Indian child............-.
XIV. Respiration and temperature in relation to stature, in the Indian
esa ee re peek ga = eS ee nee e dee
XV. Muscular force in hands and arms in relation to inte. in the Indian
CEB ST: (CAs yey gl VS) eee SSN eee Bi oy an eae a Oe
XVI. Muscular force in hands and arms in relation to stature, in the Indian
: Elbaloh (GER) ss Sak las SI AT, Rey eee aa Se ee re ee a an
XVII. Height sitting in relation to stature, in the Indian child...........
XVIII. Weight in relation to stature, in the Indian child...............--
XIX. Mean cephalic diameter (cephalic module) in relation to ‘stature, in
(Hasek Dome re EL OTN (eh Eee ao ole ee Se
XX. Cephalic and facial indexes in relation to stature, in the Indian child.
meen oharrerenstic: Lndian ‘beards: = -2: 22-5. 2- a2 5<.-ce-hi fants eset eee
Meee oOvese soutmern Ute 2.25 ess sei. 22 2. de eee
Peeenlemais Shot indians s25 soon. aka Sono wt soo Se cb ee se Sees nd
Pewee Navaho. showing wrinkling». 202. 2sche. $2 nc tS oee dace ce se ees
peer Se ETT IG pores ne ee See SSeS Ss Pacem Sysicaos es fad
Tei SGt ct OIMOS i ae eee se ate oe La eck Geise cence cet
XX VII. Medicine-man; Walapai hut for the sick; remains of Southern Ute
CE SGU he ae hg a oe
XXVIII. Objects used by decisis -men in healing ceremonies...........--
Fiaure 1. Ancient Pueblo skull, showing in a high degree effect of lateral
occipital compression... ... - Bete eit Saas ne pe a
2. A supernumerary tooth (x) occurring with some frequency among
dite ea pAciesaNCsbNORe WMA a= =e ec te oe hoes eon de dae eS eS
Psge
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
102
106
(2
112
114
116
118
122
154
156
156
158
158
196
224
23%
80
124
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
AMONG THE INDIANS OF SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES
AND NORTHERN MEXICO
By Aves HrpiiéKa
I, INTRODUCTION
From 1898 to 1905, in the course of six expeditions,? the writer
visited nearly all the Indian tribes in southwestern United States
(exclusive of California) and in northwestern Mexico. These expe-
ditions were made primarily in the interest of physical anthropology,
but, as a physician, the writer had exceptional opportunities for
acquiring information of a physiological and medical nature. The
results of his observations, accompanied by data the accuracy of
which seems clearly established, and including various relevant tests
and measurements, are herein presented.
The tribes visited comprised the following:
In southern Colorado: Southern Ute (with a band of Paiute in
southeastern Utah); in New Mexico: Jicarilla Apache, Navaho (also
in Arizona and southern Utah), the Rio Grande Pueblos of Taos, San
Juan, Jemez, Santo Domingo, Sia, and Isleta, and the western Pueblos
of Laguna, Acoma, Acomita, and Zufi; also the Mescalero Apache;
in Arizona: Hopi Pueblos, White Mountain and San Carlos Apache,
Mohave (eastern, or Yavapai, and western), Havasupai, Walapai,
Papago, Pima, Maricopa, Yuma (mostly in California); in Sonora:
Opata, Yaqui, and Mayo; in Chihuahua: Tarahumare; in Durango:
Tepehuane; in Tepic: Cora; in Jalisco: Huichol, Tepecano, remnants
of the Teul “Mekkos,” and Nahua (Tuxpan); in Hidalgo: Otomi;
in Mexico: Mazahua, Otomi; in Michoacan: Tarasco; and in
Morelos: Aztec (Tlahuiltec).
Opportunities for observation varied with the tribes. Among some,
intelligent aid and sympathetic cooperation were experienced, while
«The five earlier expeditions were conducted under the general direction of Prof. F. W. Putnam, for
the American Museum of Natural History, New York; the sixth was made under the auspices of the
Bureau of American Ethnology. The expenses of the second, third, fourth, and fifth expeditions were
generously borne by Messrs. Frederic E. Hyde, jr., and B. Talbot B. Hyde, of New Yurk City; and the
writer takes this occasion to express again his indebtedness to these gentlemen, and his appreciation
of the liberal spirit with which they have furthered the interests of American anthropology.
3452— Bull. 34—08——1
2 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
among others these great helps were partly or wholly lacking; hence
the notes for different localities are not of equal interest or extent.
The data concerning medical practices, which among the Indians are
largely thaumaturgic in character and of minor importance from the
medical point of view, are especially incomplete. To acquire a thor-
ough understanding of some of the features of Indian life herein
touched on would require unusual opportunities and years of patient
labor in a limited field.
One of the main results of the present studies is the accumulation
of evidence that in many points of physiological nature, as well as in
those relating to medicine, there is much similarity among all the
tribes visited. This likeness extends, so far as can be judged from
data and observations on other tribes, far beyond the region already
outlined. Another point of even greater importance is the growing
evidence of similarity, though never reaching full identity, of the vital
processes in Indians and whites.
In elaborating these data the writer has arranged the text by sub-
jects rather than by tribes. The report is prefaced with brief notes
of a more general nature on conditions which determine the welfare
of the native population, as an outline of these conditions is neces-
sary to a full appreciation of the physiological and medical studies
presented,
Il. GENERAL ENVIRONMENT
The region inhabited by the tribes to which these studies relate
lies between latitude 38° and 18°, west of the Rio Grande and the
Mexican Central railway and east of the Rio Colorado and the Gulf
of California. Much of this vast area, particularly in the north, is
arid, but, on the whole, the aridity decreases from north to south. It
is characterized by numerous isolated mountain groups or ridges, in
which erosion has carved rugged canyons, some of great depth, between
which extend large level plateaus, or Ilanos.¢ The slopes are usually
steep, so that most of the rainfall is speedily drained off through the
canyons and narrow valleys. The plateaus, mostly sandy, are coy-
ered more or less with grass and other sparse vegetation, but are
unfit for cultivation in the absence of artificial irrigation; but the
river bottoms everywhere afford rich arable lands. The mountain
summits and the numerous high table-lands are in some instances
almost barren, but more often they are covered with stunted oak or
cedar. On some of the great mesas, however, particularly in Mexico,
beautiful forests of oak and pine extend for many miles.
a A thorough geographic, geologic, and climatologie summary of this whole area is wanting. Contri-
butions to this subject, however, will be found in Hayden’s, Wheeler’s, Emory’s, and Powell’s,
contributions, and in the Pacific Railway Surveys. See N. H. Darton’s Catalogue and Index of Con-
tributions to North American Geology, 1732-1891, Bulletin 127, United States Geological Survey, Wash-
ington, 1896,
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 3
The general surface geology of the tract appears to be quite simple.
In the northern part the formations are largely Jura-triassic, with
some volcanic features, while farther south the exposed rocks are
either of volcanic origin or are limestones or granites. The highest
plateaus are evidently remains of old extensive plains, the valleys,
canyons, and other depressions being products of erosion. At pres-
ent voleanic activity exists only in the extreme south of the area
dealt with in these studies, in Mexico, but hot springs are found
throughout the region. Earthquakes, while occurring occasionally,
are rarely destructive, except in the vicinity of the volcano of Colima,
in Mexico.
The elevation of the areas inhabited by the Indians some or all of
the time varies from a little above the sea level along the Pacific
coast to about 8,000 feet in the interior. The large plateaus range
in altitude from 3,000 to 5,000 feet, the highest mesas reach about
10,000 feet above the sea, and a few of the peaks rise above this
elevation. The plains are settled only where there is a constant
water supply, and the highest mesas are inhabited, if at all, only at
intervals. The climate of this territory, with a few exceptions, is
characterized by marked uniformity. From southern Utah and Col-
orado to the City of Mexico, except in the more southern coast area,
the period corresponding to the fall, winter, and spring of the middle
Atlantic seaboard constitutes the dry season. During this season
vegetation 1s dormant and animal life scarce. - The air is very dry
and clear, and excessive evaporation takes place. The valleys and
the lowlands in general are hot in the daytime, the temperature in
the shade often exceeding 95° and 100° F., but the nights are invari-
ably cool. In the more elevated portions of the vast area under con-
sideration the temperature during the day in the dry season is always
bearable and often very pleasant, while the nights are cold. During
the winter months the temperature falls below the freezing point.
From January to March the dry spell is somewhat interrupted and
snow and rain fall at irregular intervals. Only rarely is the rain-
fall at this time heavy. Along the Pacific slope of Mexico, in south-
ern Sinaloa and Tepic, precipitation is more frequent and there is a
source of additional moisture in the dews. In October, for example,
at the beginning of dry weather in the latter region, the writer’s party
was greatly inconvenienced by unhealthful morning dews that were
quite equal to moderate showers.
During the dry season there occur frequently on the sandy pla-
teaus, particularly those of New Mexico and Arizona, more or less
violent and protracted ‘‘sandstorms.’”’ These result, directly or
indirectly, in much physical suffering to the Indian, though only
exceptionally are they dangérous to life. They interfere also with
agriculture.
4 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
In May in the south and extending to July in the north the main
season of rain begins. The dry stream beds become, inmany localities,
seething, muddy torrents; water collects in every depression; vegeta-
tion springs up with remarkable celerity; animal life in many forms
rapidly increases, and the whole life of the people changes. The
rainy season has various phases, according to which the activities of
the natives are regulated. In some localities heavy thunder showers
are of almost daily occurrence, with intermissions of clear weather.
The mornings are generally clear and bright, but as the day advances
heat and moisture increase, and about midday thunder and rain
begin. At times the downpour continues from two to four days
and nights, with scarcely an intermission. Night rain is not rare.
Notwithstanding this the nights are often cool and comfortable,
particularly in the highlands, but elsewhere they are generally hot.
In the lowlands near the coast the moisture-laden atmosphere
becomes very oppressive and debilitating, and good sleep is often
impossible. The rainy season lasts, with more or less regularity,
until the end of September. In the more arid parts of the region,
in the north, the rains are less frequent and regular than farther
south, and during some years practically continuous drought, econom-
ically very serious for the Indian, is experienced. The greatest
rainfall occurs along the western coast of Mexico. This period,
besides affecting profoundly the life of the natives, exercises also
a great influence upon their well-being, thought, and culture.
The sources of water supply for man in this region are springs,
pools, and streams; but during the dry season many of these become
exhausted. This entails great hardship. on the white man and his
domestic animals, but usually affects less the native, who is better
acquainted with the scattered springs and water pockets and in case
of necessity moves to a more advantageous location.
The waters found in this vast region possess a variety of charac-
teristics. Many pools and streams, especially in the northern part,
are charged with mineral products, chiefly with the salts of the alka-
line metals, and often they contain also considerable clayey matter.
A few of the springs yield good, clear water, but numerous others
are more or less charged with mineral substances. Sulphurous and
other springs of various temperatures are found mostly in the moun-
tainous parts of northern Mexico. No really poisonous springs have
been observed. The springs, especially those containing hot sul-
phurous waters, are frequently utilized by whites for bathing, and are
highly regarded locally for their medicinal properties. A good example
of such springs is found at Chapala, Mexico. Water containing
hydrogen sulphide is also used as a curative agent by some of the
Indians, both internally and externally, though without rational
knowledge of its properties.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 5
The fauna and flora of the region are diminishing in importance
to the Indian. The dangerous animals of prey as well as the larger
game are, in many localities, being thinned out or exterminated, and
the cultivated products of the soil are gradually superseding more
and more the roots and seeds of wild plants used for food. There
remain the smaller noxious animals, the parasites and insects (ticks,
lice, worms, mosquitoes, flies, ants, spiders, centipeds, etc.), scor-
pions, and snakes, and also the ivies and other poisonous plants.
These impose on the native not only a considerable struggle, but also
much danger to health and even life.
II. INDIAN POPULATION
In the vast region which has been briefly described there are still to
be found somewhat more than 100,000 Indians of pure blood. This
aboriginal population, as well as the much more numerous white and
mixed elements, increases, generally speaking, in density from north
to south. In southwestern United States all the tribes, with the
exception of a portion of the Papago, reside on reservations. The
densest native population is found in Mexico, along the Rio Mayo
in Sonora, in the Otomi country of the state of Hidalgo, and in the
Tarasco region of Michoacan. The territory southwest and southeast
from that covered by this paper has an Indian population that largely
outnumbers the whites. Available official data give the numerical
strength of the tribes studied as follows:
Population
A. UNITED STATES TRIBES VISITED
Tribe. 1890.4 1900.0 1903.0 1904.¢ 1905.0 1906.5
hee Soubherns Utes: 6 ac2=-h-2. soe € 985 € 995 941 | 962 € 887 | 845
II. Apache: |
White Mountain............... | (a) 1,928 2,028 2,058 2,090 | 2,072
DAM OatlOsmes: vaseae es eee (f) 2,542 g 2,578 2,226 2,148 | 2,145
MOstnlerol sack oe eens ee 513 482 439 h 452 460 460
AGH wl eRe as eyes Sal Ne WOE ae ae 808 | 815 774 782 795 784
a Bleventh Census.
b Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
¢ Special reports of agents and Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
dYn the enumeration of 1890 the White Mountain, Fort Apache, and San Carlos Apache are stated
to have numbered together 4,041 individuals, which is undoubtedly an underestimate.
e The Report on Indians of the Eleventh Census contains the clause: ‘57 Southern Utes have recently
been removed to the Uinta agency, Utah.’ Some of this number, apparently not counted with the
Southern Ute in 1890, may have returned before 1900, thus causing the seeming increase in the tribe.
In 1905 the Southern Ute are reported as follows: Fort Lewis school (unallotted Ute), 502; Southern
Ute school (Capotes and Moache), 385; in 1906: Fort Lewis school (Wiminuche, unallotted), 464;
Southern Ute school, 381. ;
f/San Carlos, 1,066; Coyoteros, 489; and Tontos, 667; in addition to which there were 2 San Carlos
and 2 Tonto pupils in the school at Phoenix. :
9 1902.
In the 1905 and 1906 counts are apparently included the Lipan, about 25 individuals, who formerly
lived about the Santa Rosa mountains, northern Mexico.
6 “BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Population—Continued
A. UNITED STATES TRIBES VISITED—Continued
Tribe. 1890. 1900. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906.
ge Wiala Dalia. soccer eee eee nee 630 584 520 514 520 513
Wb! selavasupaic: sol 262. teancce eases | Sete eee 250 237 207 174 166
UPTON avah oie Sect ase eee 17,204 | 21,826] 23,054] 27,379] 28,544 28, 607
DVie Pueblos alls sossee nee cee eecieas 10,283 | 410,015 10,881 10,526 10,870 11,076
ODL. Sa) 0-.ae east eee eee eee 1,996 61,832 1,860 1,878 b 2,150 62,150
ZANTE eee Bese oo ete eee ee ees 1,621 1,523 1,547 1,521 1,514 1,514
Rio Grande littorale........... 6,766 6, 660 7,124 7,127 7,206 7, 412
N18) oF Oe Cees 4ernecn Sern nOAcho NSaancecbal bosesodqoe d 4,422 4,790 4,823 4,981
Wi Rimes scree ee ere operat SE se ee asd SI 4,464 4,350 4,450 € 3,840 3,900 3, 936
Walle Mianicopan tet) scene eee cere cee 315 345 360 403 350 344
VIDE Mohave tesa. saaclt ote seeectemct FZ O00ME see teectel eect nsec D628 il eee cence 1,843
IX. Yuma:
On Yuma reservation........- 1,208 634 654 656 675 807
On San Carlos reservation..... 240 (?) (?) (1) a2 a2
B. MEXICAN TRIBES VISITED
Latest
Tribe. official Estimates.
data.j
Xs OPAtas se ace snes a tea cee See 44 Pure-bloods probably fewer than 1,000; numerous
mixed-bloods.é
D:G) ERK 0 [be aes A a Sm Aes a 14,051 | Whole tribe (including pacific Yaqui and the mixed-
bloods) not far from 20,000 in 1902; fewer to-day.
aNo count of this tribe is absolutely accurate, but a continuous increase is very probable.
bIn these enumerations no account was taken of the Hopi living off the reservation, who in 1903
numbered 350. If this number was about the same in 1900, 1903, and 1904, which is probable, then the
total number of Hopi for those years was, respectively, about 2,182, 2,210, and 2,234, and the total of all
Pueblos in 1900 about 10,365. In 1905 the Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs gives: Hopi
at Hopi school, 2,000; Hopi at Western Navaho school, 150; Report for 1906 gives the same data.
c For early accounts of the population of various pueblos, including Hopi, and for those of the Navaho,
see the Report on Indians, Eleventh Census, 1890, Washington, 1894; the various reports of the Com-
missioner of Indian Affairs; and H. H. Bancroft’s History of Arizona and New Mexico. For popu-
lations of the separate Rio Grande pueblos, see the Report on Indians, Eleventh Census, 407, and
the Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 292, 1890 (also other reports of the latter series).
Detailed data of the Twelfth Census (1900) on Indian population are not as yet available. For some
of the results of this enumeration see first and second Population volumes.
d Rarlier estimates more uncertain. No accurate count exists of the Papago off reservations and
none at all of those in Mexico. The 1905 figures include the 1904 count of the Papago under the San
Xavier farmer, with a new count of those at the Pima school.
e The 1904 Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs gives the number of Pima as 3,840; as there
was no epidemic in the tribe during the year, and as the count agrees with that of 1905, the former esti-
mates can not be correct; the agent’s report for the year offers no explanation.
f No accurate census of the whole tribe available. At the Colorado River agency the Mohave num-
bered 640 in 1890, 662 in 1900, 649 in 1901, 523 in 1902, 510 in 1903, 508 in 1905, and 494 in 1906. No expla-
nation of the gradual loss is given, and but limited data are available concerning other portions of
the tribe (Fort Mohave, Needles). The 1904 count at Fort Mohave shows 892 individuals; that in
1905, 856; that in 1906, 829. The total population of the tribe for 1904 includes 228, and that for
1906, 520 Mohave, or Yavapai, known as “‘ Mohave Apache.’’
g Approximate.
h None; removed.
i The 1905 Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs gives also 60 “Yuma in Arizona,”’ probably
the “Yuma Apache.” ‘The 1906 report gives 27 ‘‘ Yuma Apache”’ at Camp McDowell.
j Kindly furnished, as “the latest official numbers” in November, 1904, by Dr. Antonio Penafiel,
the general director of Mexican statistics.
k For literature on earlier estimates of the numbers of Opata, Yaqui, and Mayo ste author’s Notes
on the Indians of Sonora, Mexico, American Anthropologist, 0. s., V1, no. 1, Jan.—Mar., 1904.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 7
Population—Continued
RB. MEXICAN TRIBES VISITED—Continued
Latest |
Tribe. official | Estimates.
data. |
Xo IMay Om eats ei Soo ee a 17,172 | About 20,000.
RST eNO UINBTC se os open oo aloe 19,778
XIV. Tepehuane:
SE EEE au Nh eerate and southern included, 3,000 to 4,000.
Durangoxtes ose cece ese: 3,221 |{
NOVO DCCAN OES 2a. ona h ciate oe | ens he | 300 to 400.
GV IPENTIGHOIS see less een 3,818 | 3,000 to 3,500.
ROVE COraa sees se S655 SSS oRas | 3, 187 | 3,000.
VA NGM Ua oF. ceed She gos ee hoe] Saempcardan | Several thousand; close estimate very difficult.
TENS TATASCO so icc= ose se = EB ee 41,012 |
XX. Otomi:
Ei dal rows en eetee tciacen: | 98, 281
IMEeRICO ces dsoc tot est | + 55,201
RONG EM aAM MU Ay #.5,< Ss cache sein aac 45, 797
XXII. Tlahuiltec (Aztec): Morelos... 26,566 | No longer exist as tribal entity ; accurate count
| impossible.
The proportion of mixed-bloods differs in the various tribes. It is
insignificant in most of the northern tribes and in those of the Sierras,
quite small in some of the Rio Grande pueblos (for example, Santo
Domingo) and among the Yaqui and Mayo, and moderate among the
Opata, Nahua, and Otomi. But even among the latter there is no
dearth of pure-blood individuals and even whole families. It was
full-bloods alone who received attention. The recognition of mixed-
bloods is not generally difficult after proper experience has been
acquired,
IV. SUBDIVISIONS OF THE TRIBES <4
Terr LOcATION AND Puysical. TYPES
The Southern Ute, or, as they call themselves, Nu-chi-uh or
No-o-che, comprise the bands known as Capotes (‘mountain people’’),
Moache (‘plains people’), and Wiminuche (‘‘poor people”’). All
these live in southern Colorado, in the semiarid region about Ute
mountain, Mesa Verde, and the Fort Lewis school, and in the shallow,
now well-watered, valleys about the agency at Ignacio. The Wimi-
nuche, the strongest of the three bands (estimated to number 500 in
1899), occupy the country about the Navaho Springs subagency
(around Ute mountain and a part of Mesa Verde) and the Fort Lewis
school, and have until recently retained their primitive habits and
customs. The other two bands live near Ignacio and are somewhat
more civilized.
@ For further details consult Handbook of American Indians, Bulletin 30, Bureau of American
Ethnology.
8 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
The people generally known as Apache, but who call themselves
N’dé, are to-day confined to three reservations in the Southwest. Of
these the largest is in southern Arizona, and its two divisions are
known as the White Mountain and the San Carlos Indian reserves;
the second is the Mescalero reservation, lying largely in the Sierra
Blanca of southeastern New Mexico; and the third is the Jicarilla
reservation, situated in northwestern New Mexico. Besides these
there are 98 Chiricahua prisoners of war at Fort Sill and a band of
155 so-called Kiowa Apache under the Kiowa agency, Oklahoma;
a small free band of Chiricahua are believed still to be in the moun-
tains of northern Chihuahua. The Apache segregated on the White ~
Mountain and the San Carlos reserves, in Arizona, include the tribes
known as Tontos, Pinalefos, Mimbrefios, Coyoteros, and Gilefios,
together with settled Chiricahua and remnants of tribes or bands for-
merly known to the whites under still other appellations. It is
doubtful if these divisions were at any time separate tribes in the
strict sense of the term; more likely they were bands living more or
less apart and were given the above-mentioned names by the Mexicans.
Besides the foregoing subdivisions of the Apache there are found in
the Southwest two other Athapascan tribes, the Navaho in New
Mexico and Arizona, and the Lipan until 1904 around Piedras Negras
and the Santa Rosa mountains near the Mexican boundary in Chi-
huahua, but now removed to the Mescalero reservation in New Mex-
ico. The Lipan, reduced to about 30 individuals, are a true branch
of the Apache. The Navaho, notwithstanding the practical unity of
language and doubtless some Apache mixture,-are much more closely
related both physically and ethnically to the Pueblos.
There are also two small tribes in northern Arizona who speak the
Yuman language, but physically approximate very closely the true
Apache, namely, the Walapai (in their own language #-pa) and the
Havasupai. Small bands in Arizona known as the Mohave Apache or
Yavapai, and the Yuma Apache, both now located mainly at the
old Camp McDowell, are very nearly pure contigents respectively of
the Mohave and the Yuma. Until recently they lived on the San
Carlos reservation, but held aloof from the Apache and acquired
neither their blood nor their language.
The Apache group is one of great interest in that it presents a
clearly defined physical type, radically different from that of most of
its present neighbors, as well as from that of the ancient inhabitants
of the same territory. Examination of the living, as well as of the
skeletal remains, shows remarkable homogeneity, notwithstanding a
slight Mexican admixture through former captives. The Jicarillas
a The names of these bands, and the localities which they occupied, have been summarized by Ban-
croft, Native Races, 1, 473 et seq. For other bands see the author’s Notes on San Carlos Apache,
American Anthropologist, n. s., VI, no. 3, July-Sept., 1905, 480.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 7)
alone seem to have mingled to a somewhat greater extent with other
tribes. They intermarried in quite recent times with some of the
inhabitants of Taos pueblo and with the Ute, but the majority
still distinctly show Apache type. The Walapai and the Havasupai
seem to be almost entirely free from foreign mixture.
The Havasupai, popularly known also as Supai and as Coconino,
live most of the year in the deep, narrow Cataract canyon through
which flows a tributary of the Colorado; but on the approach of
winter they move to the surrounding mesas, where they construct
dwellings of primitive form and devote themselves to hunting.
The Navaho, calling themselves Di-né, are an independent, self-
supporting tribe who live on and considerably beyond the borders of
a great semiarid reservation extending over parts of Colorado, Utah,
New Mexico, and Arizona. With the exception of the much-mixed
Cherokee, this is the largest tribe in the United States, and in every
way one of the most promising. The writer visited this people in all
parts of their domain. Notwithstanding their mixed Indian origin,
the Navaho possess a characteristic physiognomy, a great degree of
uniformity in physical features, and practically the same habits
throughout their extensive territory.
Through the writing of Fewkes, Stephen, Mindeleff, Owens, Voth,
Hough, and others, the Hopi are among the best known of the
indigenous peoples of southwestern United States. The tribe lives
in seven villages, of which five are very old and two (Sichomovi and
Hano) are historic; with the exception of Oraibi none of the viliages
occupies its prehistoric site. Hano was settled about the year
1710 by Tewa people from near the Rio Grande, and its people al-
though only partially assimilated with the Hopi are officially classed
with the latter. These seven pueblos are situated on three high
neighboring mesas, nearly 7,000 feet above the sea level, in the sandy,
dry, arid region of northeastern Arizona. The Hopi are a poor
sedentary people, subsisting almost entirely by agriculture; and
in their physical characters they closely resemble the Zuni.“
The Zuni, or, as they call themselves, Shiwi or Ashiwi, are a large
southern branch of the Pueblos. These Indians, well known through
the studies of Cushing, Mrs. Stevenson, and others, occupy a reserva-
tion situated a little more than 30 miles south of Gallup, New Mexico.
They live in one large old village (called by them Shiwinakwin),
built in an extensive plain traversed by a small stream—the Zui
river. They occupy also, in outlying fertile valleys, the villages of
Ojo Caliente, Nutria, and Pescado, where but few live permanently,
but to which numerous families move during each farming season.
a@¥For an account of recent disturbances affecting Oraibi and resulting in the establishment of an
additional settlement, see Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1906 and especially Report
for 1907.
10 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
The . Papago (in their language O-o-tam or Pa-pa-ve O-o0-tam)
occupy more than 20 small villages 7 along the frontier of Arizona
and Sonora. The largest of these settlements is San Xavier, south
of Tucson. More or less isolated rancherias extend southward to
near the Rio de Altar, in Sonora. A small separate body of Papago
are settled west of Torres, a station on the Sonora railway a short
distance south of Hermosillo. The tribe has a slight Spanish admix-
ture, but preserves to a great extent its independence and many
primitive habits. Being closely related in language to the Pima,
the Papago were supposed to be physically identical with them, but
such is not the case, although there is considerable blood relationship
between the two tribes, due to intermarriage.
The Pima know themselves as Ak-ki-nal-tam-o-tam (‘river peo-
ple”’, referring to the Gila, their principal stream). They have inter-
married with the Papago and to a slight extent with the Maricopa
also. ‘The Pima are a very interesting tribe physically, being closely
related in this respect to the ancient people of southern Utah in the
north, the Tarahumare in the south, and the great race of American
dolichocephals in general.
The Pimas Bajos, or Nevome, still live along a part of the upper
Rio Yaqui, as well as in certain localities about Ures (e. ¢., Pueblo
Viejo), and a few of this tribe are found in the district of Magdalena,
in Sonora.
The Mohave know themselves as Mk-ha-ve (pronounced by some
mak-ha-ve, a-mak-ha-ve, a-mok-ha-ve), and are separated into two
groups. One of these is on the Colorado River reservation, the other
and larger about Needles and Fort Mohave. A closely related tribe,
formerly known as Yavapai, but now officially called Mohave Apache,
are settled on the Verde and at old Camp McDowell. The Mohave,
who are of almest pure blood, are physically related to the Yuma
and some of the Pueblos, as well as to the Mission Indians of Cali-
fornia.
The Yuma (who eall themselves /u-tsa-ni) number more than 800,
divided into three bands. One of these, numbering fewer than 30
individuals, is at Camp McDowell; another, of about 50 persons, is
settled on the eastern bank of the Colorado near the boundary
line; and the third, the main body of the tribe, live in the low, allu-
vial, hot region along the western bank of the lower Colorado, mainly
in the neighborhood of the school at Fort Yuma, California. While
closely allied physically to the Mohave, many exhibit characteristics
of physiognomy which remind the observer of the Navaho.
The remnants of the Opata are found principally along the San
Miguel river, in Sonora, but they are met with also at many points
aSee the Map of Papago Indian towns by C. W. Wood, facing p. 142, Report on Indians, Eleventh
Census, 1890, Washington, 1894.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 1]
farther west, in their ancient territory. This people is disappearing
through voluntary amalgamation with the Mexicans. ¢
The still numerous Yaqui remained centered along the lower Rio
Yaqui until a comparatively recent date, but they are now scattered
over the larger part of southern Sonora. Physically the tribe is
related to the Pima, but it contains some Mayo and other admixture.
The Mayo, the largest tribe of Sonora, oecupy practically the same
region as they did in the sixteenth century—the lower part of the
Mayo valley and much of ancient Ostimuri.
The Tarahumare are a populous tribe of Chihuahua, and are still
in a primitive condition. They live in the barrancas and lower lands
of a very rugged country situated largely in the Sierra Madre.
Numerous families inhabit caves during at least a portion of the
year.
The Tepehuane, or, as they call themselves O-o-dam, the tradi-
tional invaders who formerly ranged over the territory from southern
Chihuahua through Durango to Jalisco and Tepic, now consist of
two moderately large groups of about equal size, one in the extreme
north and the other in the extreme south of their former territory.
Tue northern group, of which but Jittle was seen, is concentrated
mainly in the district of Guadalupe y Calvo, but scattered families
are found in the mountainous country along the Rio Colorado and
thence southeastward as far as the dependencies of Santiago de
Papasquiaro. The center of the southern Tepehuane domain is the
rough, elevated, healthful region in southern Durango, southwest of
Mezquital, about the tributaries of the river of the same name. The
principal settlement in this district is Huktir, or, as it is more com-
monly known, Santa Maria de Ocotan.? é
The Tepecano, a small but interesting tribe, probably a branch of
the Tepehuane, live at and about Askeltan, in‘the valley of the °
Rio de Bolafios. The reason usually given for this prejudice is that such animals “‘ do not taste good, ’ but the real
cause must undoubtedly be sought in the now largely forgotten cosmogonic and religious views of these
tribes. Some of the San Carlos men said the taste of fish to them was such as to make them vomit;
they did not like even to think of it. One of the men gave a more graphic explanation; he said “‘ the
fish is a very peculiar animal; he has scales like a snake, wings like a bird, and swims in water,” incon-
gruities which to the Apache mind suggest grave doubts as to its suitability for food. A White Moun-
tain Apache said the people are afraid of eating fish for fear that they would get sick and perhaps die;
beavers are not killed and eaten because then “ the rivers would dry up.”
HRDLICKAJ PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 21
gather many wild plums, as at Taos, among the Tarahumare, Cora,
and other tribes. Among the natives of northwestern Mexico and
southern Arizona the place of the peach is taken mainly by the very
digestible and nourishing fig-like pitahaya and various other fruits of
the cactus. This region produces also many other wild fruits, includ-
ing berries.¢ Numerous fruits are used, crushed in water, as drinks.
All the Indian tribes eat greens, bulbs, and roots of many varieties.
The Mexican Indians eat the tender leaves of the cactus; and among
the tribes who still live in a more primitive fashion many kinds of
native seeds serve as food. The pod of the mesquite, the screw bean,
and the mescal® are additional important articles of diet. Bread of
the mesquite bean is used, especially by the Mohave and the Yuma,
and it is found also in several forms in Mexico. The acorn is eaten
only sparingly.
Milk is either disliked or is used but little, and of their own initiative
the Indians make neither cheese nor butter. Coffee, on the other
hand, has come much in vogue among the tribes of the Southwest.
It is used black and sweetened, and is often drunk to excess; in course
of time the ‘‘coffee habit”? will probably produce evil consequences.
Often this beverage is taken as a substitute for more substantial diet.
There is no knowledge of danger in the use of coffee, which is given
without stint to individuals of all ages, occasionally even to young
infants.
Among most of the tribes, particularily those not restricted to
reservation life, the quantity of food available varies very much at
different periods of the year. No Indian raises much, even if good
land can be had; consequently only in rare cases, as among the
Pueblos, do the natives have much left to eat, or even for seed, at the
-endof the year. After even an ordinary harvest for atime food is every-
where abundant. Among some of the Indians, particularly the Tara-
humare and other Mexican tribes, frequent feasts are held at thisseason,
at which much of the food supply is consumed. If the harvest is abun-
dant, the store of corn may last until the next crops are gathered,
but, as before stated, this is seldom the case. Consequently it hap-
pens that in springtime the Indians not infrequently suffer from want.
If the season is poor and the demand for their labor by the whites
is shght, the suffering may be severe. Under these conditions the
Indians use as food many articles unknown or repulsive to the white
man. A peculiar feature is the universal and often detrimental eat-
ing of unripe fruit, especially unripe melons. It may be observed
in all tribes and particularly among the young. The mothers give
a The fruits are widely known by the same names. They include among others platanos, naranjas,
ciruelas, wamuchil, nanche, manzana, membrillo, chirimoya, wayava, zapote, copalcojote, tejocote,
and lapulin. For references see Bibliography.
b Made probably from several species (as yet undetermined) of agave.
22, BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
such fruit freely to the smallest children, even though other food may
be plentiful.
Tribal details —There were until recently perhaps greater irregu-
larities in food among the Southern Ute, particularly the Wiminuche,
than among any other tribes of the Southwest. For a short time after
the distribution of the biweekly ration or after a successful hunt food was
consumed in excess; then followed want and often actual hunger until
the next food supply became available. Until lately the people were
averse to farming, and not many vegetables or fruits could be gathered
from the surrounding semibarren country, though it affords some
edible roots. The conditions here outlmed must have had, of course,
an unfavorable effect on the constitutions of these Indians.
The Apache, though poor, are now seldom, and then only to the
extent of certain individuals, reduced so that they suffer from hunger.
Those of White Mountain, Arizona, and those of San Carlos still know
numerous plants and fruits with which they could eke out an exist-
ence in times of necessity (see Appendix), but which now, under
ordinary circumstances, they use but little.
The San Carlos Apache, one of the tribes among whom the subject
of food was given especial attention, depend chiefly on meat and
wheat. From wheat flour and baking powder they make large, thin
tortillas, 10 to 12 inches in diameter, such as are met with in Sonora.
These they toast for a few moments on a tin heated over coals and
then eat them warm. Another bread, said to have been in general
use before wheat came into vogue, is made by mixing corn meal and
water and baking the batter. These Apache plant but little corn
and most of it serves for the preparation of tesvino.
The meals in this tribe are seldom much varied or very abun-
dant. In numerous instances the people have at midday simply
tortillas and black coffee, sometimes with the addition of canned
fruit or jam. For ashort time subsequent to ration days (for the aged
only), or after the killing of beef, meat is boiled for the midday and
evening meals, into a kind of stew. The evening meal is usually the
most substantial. At the San Carlos school the articles of diet most
preferred by the children were, first, beans; second, sirup and bread;
third, meat; and, fourth, coffee. None of the children are immoderate
eaters. As good and well prepared as the school diet is, however, the
homemade articles are always a delicacy to the children—much as in
our asylums.
The Mescaleros live quite irregularly and are becoming more and
more dependent on the grocer. They hunt to some extent; even when
not in great want, they eat occasionally the fresh, sweetish inner
bark of the*pine. This is pounded to a pulp, which is baked in the
form of cakes.
The Jicarillas live much as do the Mescaleros; they also use the
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 23
inner bark of the pine for food. They still tabu fish and fowl, but
no longer show any objection to milk, or at least not to milk in con-
densed form.
The Walapai eat no lizards or snakes, nor do they eat dogs or
coyotes, but they like the flesh of the badger. They eat also the hawk
but not the eagle. Field mice are “good.” This tribe does not eat
fish, saying that they smell bad, but there is, as with the Apache
and some Pueblos, a mythical background for this peculiarity.
Regarding beaver, the Walapai say they never had any; should they
get one, they thought it very likely they would eat it. They eat the
fox and even the wild cat, but naturally these articles of diet are
scarce. They used to eat horse flesh, but do sono more. Only a few
of the Walapai drink milk. They do not care much for mutton or
goats’ flesh, and have never eaten the flesh of the burro or the mule.
They use no tree bark for food. In winter venison is an important
feature of their diet.
During the writer’s visit in the winter camp of the Havasupai the peo-
ple had some fresh meat of deer and antelopes. They were well sup-
plied with dried peaches and various seeds, which, after the manner of
the Walapai, they usually prepared and ate in the form of mush.
The Navaho, besides tabuing fish, avoid eating bacon. The latter
was given them during the captivity of a portion of the tribe at the
Bosque Redondo, and as many died at that time the bacon was sus-
pected of being the cause.
The Hopi and the Zuni make a peculiar corn bread (piki in Hopi,
hewe in Zuni) by baking in a thin layer on a hot stone a liquid dough
composed of well-ground corn and water. They consume many
melons and fresh or dried peaches. At festivities they make corn-
meal tamales. In common with all the other Indians of the South-
west, they. have acquired the habit of using flour and baking powder,
as well as canned fruit, and of drinking at their meals considerable
quantities of weak, sweetened, warm, black coffee. They also hunt
rabbits for food. Meat in general is very scarce
The Zuni and the Rio Grande Pueblos, besides preparing corn food
in many other ways according to their old usages (see the writings of
Cushing and Mrs. Stevenson), make corn bread and wheat bread, and
tortillas, as well as other dishes, in the Spanish fashion; apart from this
they live much like other Southwestern Indians. The Zuni engage
more in hunting than any of the other Pueblos.
The Isletas raise considerable fruit, including grapes.
The Papago, besides planting corn, wheat, beans, and other things,
and making use of native fruits (as saguaro, yucca fruit, and tunas),
mescal, and mesquite and screw beans, eat also various greens and
seeds. Those living farther from the white settlements naturally de-
24 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
pend on native foods to a greater extent, especially when the cereals
become exhausted. They sell dried yucca fruit to the Pima. Like
‘the Pima, they make pinole from parched wheat.
The Pima are great wheat growers. Occupying a very fertile val-
ley, when the water supply is sufficient their crops leave but little in
the way of food to be supplied; nevertheless, they are acquainted
with, and use on occasions, many of the native edible fruits, greens,
and roots (see Appendix). Formerly the Pima successfully hunted the
deer. They also ate a certain kind of lizard, and rats likewise were
included among their edibles. They never had an aversion to fish,
clams (which formerly abounded in the Gila), or any other aquatic
animal, and the younger members of the tribe have no objection to
pork, poultry, eggs, and milk. They do not eat dogs, cranes, fish-—
hawks, eagles, buzzards, crows, or snakes. Pork, although eaten, is
not sought for, and but few pigs are kept.
The Pima school children show a preference for beans, sirup,
meat, and bread, in the order here given. They care but little for
oatmeal and rice. None of them are immoderate eaters.
The Mohave live largely on the products of the soil. They eat
dogs (‘dogs best meat”’), however; also game and meat of all kinds,
and on occasions badgers, lizards of one species, and even coyotes. An
important article of their diet is bread made from the mesquite beans,
and they utilize the screw bean also for food. There is a species of root
that only the “braves” are permitted to eat. Allen® reports that
“they will not eat the meat of the beaver, claiming that if they do
their necks will swell;’’ but they have no aversion to fish or any
other aquatic animal as food.
The Yuma along the Colorado raise a limited amount of corn, wheat,
and beans, and many melonsand squashes, and utilize, in large quan-
tities, the mesquite beans, from which they make mush, or bread.
They help to sustain themselves by fishing.
The Opata, Yaqui, Mayo, and Tepehuane live almost wholly on the
products of agriculture, though they also keep some poultry and cat-
tle, and gather wild fruits, including an abundant supply of pitahaya
and tufia.” At a certain time of the year the Opata fish in the rivers
for a species of minnow which they eat. The Yaqui eat the flesh
of the burro and the horse. The Yaqui and the Mayo living near
the sea do considerable fishing.
The Tarahumare, under the pressure of frequent needs, have learned
to eat animal and vegetal substances of great diversity. They raise
some potatoes, chile, and sugar cane. The flowers of the squashes
are 2 dried and kept, and from. thers) is sande a kind of porridge. Meat,
aG.A. Allen, Manners and Customs of the Mohav es, “Rapert of the Bruineonian Institution for 1890,
615, Washington, 1891.
b For native Mexican fruits see Rose (Bibliography).
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 25
particularly venison, is much relished among this tribe. | They also
like the flesh of feld mice, which they skin and roast suspended
on sticks near the fire. They occasionally eat various small animals,
including skunks, lizards, locusts, grasshoppers, frogs, water beetles,
and even larve.* From corn they prepare tortillas, also round cakes,
each about three-fourths of an inch thick, called “moon bread.’’
Occasionally they make Mexican-like bread from wheat flour. They
eat the blood of animals after preparing it over the fire. Their meat
is sometimes eaten almost raw, but usually it is well roasted or other-
wise cooked. The Tarahumare living near streams dive into pools
and lance fish; they also shoot fish with arrows armed at the point
with a number of nopal spines, catch them with nets, or drag for them
with blankets. At times they drain the lagoons and kill the fish with
stones; and they also have recourse to poisoning fish with certain
plants. Crawfish, too, are caught and eaten. The domestic animals
kept by the Tarahumare are chickens, cattle, sheep, and some goats;
they have also a few turkeys, but no ducks or geese. Besides the
domestic fowls they eat various wild birds, and eggs of both classes.
Wild fruits are abundant in season.
The Huichol plant maize, beans, melons, and chile, and gather wild
fruit of many varieties. Various edible roots are also included in
their dietary. They hunt chiefly the deer and the squirrel. Those
near streams gather crawfish, which they impale on sticks and broil.
They trap fish, which are spitted on sticks and roasted, usually over
night, near a slow fire. Some of the Huichol own good cattle.
Though quite as primitive as the Tarahumare, these people, according
to general report, suffer actual want but seldom.
The Cora are very adept in making fine seedless, or almost seedless,
“tamales” from the fruit of the pitahaya, which grows in great sips
dance in the canyon of the Rio Jesus Maria and neighboring barrancas.°
Platanos, red and yellow, ciruelas, and other native fruits are eaten
in considerable quantities, and fruit is also brought from the coast
by traders. The Cora also raise crops of corn. They are good
hunters, accustomed to using the rifle. The Rio Jesus Maria
affords them edible fish, particularly a kind of catfish ALONE as
a“'They eat almost anything that lives—polecats, mice, rats, snakes, nna big tree lizards or iguanas,
frogs, fish spawn, grasshoppers, and certain kinds of larve, even those of the dragon flies taken out of
the water.’—Hartman. See also Lumholtz, Unknown Mexico.
+ The nutritious fruit is gathered in large quantities by means of long poles on the ends of which four
little sticks are soarranged as toformasmallreceptacle. The pitahayasarecarefully tornfrom the limbs
of the cactus, laid on the ground, deprived of spines with the help of little branches, and brought home
in baskets. The women remove the skins, and the luscious inside fruit is then slowly boiled. While
boiling most of the very numerous small black seeds are removed. When cooked the mass is spread
on stones to cool, finally assuming about the consistency of the inside ofaripe fig. 1t is then divided
into portions of from about 3 to 4 ounces each, which are wrapped in clean corn husks. In this form the
“pitahaya tamales’? are preserved for consumption. With care they will last for several months, or
even for a whole year. The writer has brought a quantity of them to New York without appreciable
loss of their delicious flavor
26 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
“Dbagre.’’ The more eastern Cora do not eat the squirrel. Some
of those of Jesus Maria make cheese, after the manner of the Mexi-
cans. Poultry and eggs are quite plentiful in some of the villages.
When a deer is killed and can not be consumed fresh the carcass is
placed in a large hole in the ground, which has first been thoroughly
heated, and then covered with grass and branches; the meat thus
becomes slowly and thoroughly baked. The Huichol cut such meat
into small pieces which are strung on cords and dried and afterward
hung inside the hut until needed.
A very large proportion of the food of the Otomi consists of tortillas,
beans, and chile. As is the case with all the tribes living in the
maguey region, they regard pulque as food, and apparently this-
liquid has some nutritious value. On the public road a little beyond
Fajayucan the writer came across an Otomi family engaged in roasting
and selling pigs’ ears, snouts, and other articles of diet, with pulque,
to the passers-by; yet pigs are rarely seen in the typical Otomi set-
tlements. Tufia is very common, pitahaya scarce. In many districts
the food of the people is much like that of the poorer Mexicans in the
same localities.
The Tlahuiltec, though living for centuries near the whites, still
avoid milk,and no hogs are seen in their village. Maize, melons,
squashes, cane, and various fruits, eggs, and beef, with an occasional
chicken, are the principal articles of diet.
(For further data concerning foods see Appendix.)
VII. ALCOHOLIC DRINKS
The alcoholic drinks peculiar to the Indians of the Southwest and
of northern Mexico are mainly produced by fermentation of corn,
mescal, and maguey. The corn liquor is usually known as tesvino
(also as tesvin, tizwin, or tulipi); it is ordinarily (with fermentation
not carried to the extreme, and in the absence of vegetal excitants,
narcotics, or other liquor) a weak alcoholic beverage with a slight
nutritive value, and is not a strong intoxicant. The mescal plants,
comprising several species of agave, give colorless liquors known as
mescal and tequila; the first is often spoken of simply as vino.
Another liquor, called sotol, is made from the dasylirion (Rose).
These are all distilled beverages and are usually ardent and strongly
alcoholic, particularly the tequila. The common maguey, or century
plant, yields the well-known pulque,® a milky, sourish beer, the alco-
holic percentage of which depends on the duration of fermentation.
The knowledge and use of tesvyino and mescal extend into Arizona,
pulque and the maguey liquors being made only in the more southerly
aAgaves yielding juice from which pulque is made are of several species, the most common being A.
atrovirens.
HRDLICKA) PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS ALS
part of the region here considered. Besides the above some of the
Indians occasionally prepare fermented liquor from the pitahaya, from
mesquite beans (Mexico), from native grapes, and from other fruits,
or from honey. The whites have introduced whisky into the north,
and the impure and intoxicating sugar-cane rum, locally known as
aguardiente, among the southern tribes.
The Ute, Navaho, and most of the Pueblos, Walapai, Havasupai, and
Mohave have at present no native alcoholic beverage. The Isleta
make some grape wine.
The White Mountain, San Carlos, Chiricahua, and Mescalero Apache
make tulipi or tesvino,® to which are generally added as ‘‘medicine,”’
to augment the effects of the drink, small quantities of several roots
of native plants.
The writer took special pains to ascertain the ‘‘medicines”’ added by
the San Carlos Apache to the tesvino and the reasons for their use.
The number proved large beyond expectation, but the results of the
inquiry why each particular substance was employed were rather dis-
appointing; the openly avowed purpose of the majority was to ‘‘make
more drunk.”’ The individual articles and reasons for their use are as
follows:
I-2é lu-ku-hi (‘crazy medicine”: Lotus wrightii); the part used is
the root; they say, it ‘‘makes us more drunk.”’
Chil-ga-le (‘‘make noise’: Cassia couesii); part used, the root;
‘‘makes the tulipi stronger.”’
I-zel-chih, a plant that was not identified, is also occasionally added
to the tulipi to make it stronger and more intoxicating.
I-ze-du-ghu-zhe (‘medicine sticks’’) ; root occasionally added to the
tulipi to make it ‘‘taste more bitter—stronger.”’
Sas-chil-tlah i-zé, sas-chil (Canotia holocantha) ; a plant with a root
of aromatic taste, that is often added to the tulipi‘‘ only to make it taste
better ;’’ the root is chewed occasionally ‘‘just like candy.”’ The seeds
of the plant, after being roasted, are also used for the same purpose.
Ga-chuh pi-tla-hi-ya-he (“‘under-it-the-jack-rabbit-makes-his-bed’’) ;
root occasionally added to the tulipi ‘‘to make it stronger.’ The
same is true of the roots of me-tei-da-il-tco (Perezia wrightii), and
thli-he-da-i-qga-si (‘‘horse-eats-it’’).°
Besides the above, the San Carlos Apache occasionally put into the
tulipi some of the inner bark of the mesquite, which ‘‘just makes
the drink taste sweeter and better, so we like to drink more of it.”
@ See author’s Method of Preparing Tesvino among the White River Apache, American Anthropolo-
gist, n. s., VI, Jan.-Mar., 1904, 190-191. The Mescaleros are reported by their agent to have made no
tesvinv since October, 1897 (Report of the Commissioner of Indian A ffairs, 1900, 291). The San Carlos,
Tonto, and Coyotero Apache continue to make the beverage. Some among them have recently com-
menced to mix it with whisky.
+ The collected samples of some of these plants were not in condition to permit identification.
28 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Among the White Mountain (Arizona) Apache an occasional addition
to the tulipi consists of the root of Datura metaloides.
The only native drink besides tulipi which the San Carlos Apache
make is the pitahaya wine. When the fruit is plentiful quantities of
it are put into large jars. The pressure of the soft fruit causes an
abundant supply of the juice to trickle out; this is poured off and
allowed to ferment.
The Mescaleros used to make an intoxicating drink from the inner
bark of the pine or mixed this with the tulipi.
The only native alcoholic drinks among the Papago are the sawado,
sacuaro, or haren, made by fermenting the molasses of the pitahaya-like
fruit of the saguaro, and mescal. The haren takes two days to make,
and it lasts in good condition one day and one night. The first day it
is not very intoxicating and is said to leave few or no bad effects; after
that it grows more alcoholic, and its effects are more unpleasant.
To make it strong without so much of the bad taste the Indians
cover with blankets the jar in which it ferments. The Papago make
mescal and they also get mescal and sotol from Mexico. semen - 6 1 5 3 | 0 3 3 | 1} 2 0
27 | Elderly woman, past | | |
menopause......----- 8 6 | 2 4 | Ss 1 4 | 3 | 1 0
28:|, Old Woman ee. --2--- 3 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 1 1 | 1 0 | 0
295 |o= 2 LOM eee ater ieee 9 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 6 3 | 3 0
30:25... doesent ves 4 ahaa) 2 | te) Pees is ates | | 0
Bi te MOS oS omnes eae 8 3 5 | Lite 0 ares 5 0
32 esas GO Use nen aaa ees 6 2 4 | 4 2 | 2 | 2 | 0} 2 0
a Cause: In all instances, carrying heavy loads.
+ Both female children; 1 miscarriage due to fall, other, to carrying too heavy load of wood.
e Cause: riding horseback.
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
Detailed family data—Continued
SAN CARLOS APACHE—Continued
45
Total Living. Dead. | Mis-
seers chil- Sloane, | es
No. Subject. | dren | Boys-| Girls. riages
Borne Total.) Boys. Girls. | Total.) Boys.| Girls.| and
: } | causes.
Nee | 2
33 | Woman about 50....-..- 9 7 2 6 | 4 y 3 3 | 0 | 0
34 | Woman about 45... ... 8 4 fel een 5 | 4 1 3 0 3 0
Ky Paseo Ones eees see. ai 2 | O° 2 | 2 0 | 2 0 0 0 a (7)
DoewOld woman = ./22:-..-- - 9 | 4 | 5 4 2 | 2 5 2 | 3 0
SY/| pees Ose ces ce. te | Bajo 1 1 0 4 | 3 i 0
Total (37 women).| 258 | 138| 120] 103 55/48 | 155 83 72 | 8
iets | zi Leer ly le ee eee
a Mother had syphilis; not counted with the others.
RECAPITULATION
[87 San Carlos Apache women]
| Percent- |
| Percent-| age of | :
| Ratio
pete Vee ety «hn os mints age of | number aes
Subjects investigated. Total. total of living See
born and Ty :
dead.
ING GEEL VON TF] OFS) 2) 0 cc lee ete aes tae ene RS ee C25Se| Se ees ers oho he cee a
(Sipe catch ae eee eae se een a RS I ieRe lee “Sak SOs Mont weet. 115
GHEIS) -. 2 het at Ben see Oe Ge ABE = aera ae 120 AGS OO Saco Se eetellena lee cine
well SIRs stehe reba a ser aCe a SOBRE Aer s ccs eases tear 103 BUS Oa fee conaese| sone Seeeee
VEO ATS & a Sie eee Ne ae eS BS Re Ss ie an ar 35. 39. 85 53. 40 114.6
(GUMS So pa Se ee Oe eed Ge Se eee i a oe ene 48 40. 00 AG GO il eee eee
i ovigenll Clie rol 2 eS ea ne edge erates Mie ae ee aes tee a er 155 CONOR 2a cree Se et
; =
HES (RV Semen Sere Oe ae oh (ore oS cl Aa eta iang'c bse Sestec - LESS ae soe as 83 60.15 53. 55 115.3
(GOASY 5 sac hog ate SOE Ree ee eee ee ety es ea ee 72 60. 00 OFA Siena
a Average 7 (6.97).
Miscarriages: 8 in 36 women = 22 per 100 women, or 1 to 32 normal births; and 7 in 1 woman, due
to specific infection.
PIMA
Total Living. | Dead yee
is Ne chil oo ee Mis:
No. Subject. aren Boys.|Girls. | a | . car- | Twins.
isaran.-\ | Total.|Boys. Girls. | Total.|Boys. Girls. riages.
ee: t 4 | aoe oe: ‘
1) Woman about 70..--. 6 2 4 2 2 0) 4 | 0 4 0 0
2} Woman about 55. ....| 3 1 2 1 it 0 | PN og 10) 2 0 0
3) Woman about 60..... i2i|*sowghl "A Gridley sagt face CMa ea ge 0 0
Ay Beene CORE cite 10 2 8 3 0 3 | ioe 8 0 0
Oy, Old woman.) 22. c8:. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
6 | Woman about 60__... 1 5 6 1 5 | 0 | 0 0 0
7 | Woman about 55 or 60. 9 Tal 2| Piles Dil S00) lector fe eels wt 10 0
8 | Woman about 70..... fe (ao pS Bile yeas 794) oe eee | 6 | Sh enG 0
9 | Old woman........... 10 Ck ea: Seeley) |. 2 203 0 0
10 | Woman about 55..... Ga eo ae 0 | 0 | Oo | 0 | 0 0 0
11 | Woman about 70...-. 7 | 3 4 3 1 2 | 4 2 2 0 | 0
46 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY | [BULL. 34
Detailed family data—Continued
PIMA—Continued
| a | | Living. Dead. |
| qo | ip ENG | att aE che Mis-
No.| Subject. aren Boys. Girls. car- | Twins.
| iva | Hae ladies Total. | Boys.|Girls.| riages.
| |
| |__|, —. — | |
12 | Elderly woman......- 6 & 4 3) 1 2 3 1 2 0 0
13> ROld woman oe sees 11 5 6 2 if 1 9 4 5 0 0
1425 Ome ate omens 10 6 4 2 1 1 8 5 3 0 0
15 es doe aac ee 5 4 1 2 1 1 3 3 0 0 0
16 | Woman about 70...-. 100) Steines 4} 3 TR Me eet eee i a Fay 0) 0
17 | Old woman.........-: Malle ac 1 Saleen 1 | 2 2 0) 0 0
18 | Woman about 60....., 12} 4 8 2 1 a = ad) Byles 7 | 1 | 1 pair.
19, Woman about 45 | | |
| (daughter of pre- [ | | | |
| Cedine) meee beer | 5 3 2) 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1| 2 | 0 0
20 | Old woman........... We Balsa ty Site wAllicd y eae en) a8 ape es 0 0
21 Woman 55 to 60...... ears Se Si 3 1 2 Shoe 1 1 0
22 | Old woman......-- = ol 0 0 0 | 0 0} 01 @ |) @ (a) (6) 0
23 | Woman about 60..... 5 5 OF ie se slsia- ele eee 90 4 4 0 0 0
24 | Woman about 50..... 12 oes Biss 3 6 2 dele ON 0
25 | Woman about 65. __.. | 9 2 7 | tg ome) 1 | 8 2 6 0 0
26 Woman about 60. ...- 4 itl paeaee3 2 Oneue2 2 1 1 0 0
27 | Woman about 65..-_- 4 1 3 uh | 0 3 0 3 0 0
28 Woman about 80..... Tle Aili NOK in a sehen hs Care alae a 0. 0
29 Woman about 55...-. Bale moblcee eset weer soe aco ae 7S Peal ad dec 0: ye
30 | Woman about 65._... 6 4 2 | 2 1 | 1 AS 1 0 0
31 | Old woman...._...... 9 6 3 | 4 4 0 Rites =) 3 0 0
2 Woman about 60..... 2 1 i 1 0) 1 1 ihe) 0 0
33° Woman about 65-.._. 9 5 4 0 0) 0 9 | 5 4 0 0
Ug Nat aats (cyte ae ok acne 7 3 An 5 Oe 93) aes ol meal ie 0
35 | Old woman..........- nee Os ee lee pe Dea Cicer my cine See 0. 0
Total (35women)| 246| 130| 116|° 83| 48| 35 163 | 82] 81 4 | 1
i =D AOS ee ee | | | |
a Not 1 living child. b Girl.
RECAPITULATION
[35 Pima women]
| = Percent-
ercent-| age of Rati
atio
Ader pen a age of | number at
Subjects investigated. Total.) ‘total ofliving ae
born. and ere
dead.
Motall Binthsoces 2 2.x isee ase ee eee ee ee ee TIS SAG MIE ner ete | eee ease |= eee
BOyR ce hue whe nue eg ene nA a keen ti eae Iason En iboats ie Sea ae 2
Girls! ee hee i re RE = a Scio re eee eee 116 BOND ens. 2 oo 2 |. See
Motal suaviyine> ol Ie a eee ae elle) eee eee ViPongs Me saeyal |" 7.7
|
BOS te one We oe Re ae oR eI ot ae Ce RIA TD | 48 36.92 57. 83 137
Gils’ ue eee ee a ae ee Dee ee | 35 30.17 EY eily/9| ese oe
|
Total died: pole.ti ts See ee Ree ee See ee ee eee 163 66.26 feces onl ace
13,0 ieee ee eee Aer ae eR Wee ee TTL 82 63.08 50. 31 101
Girls ee ee oe ee ee ee eee 81 69.83 AOW69! | oe ace
a Average, 7.03.
Miscarriages: 4 in 34 women = 12 per 100 women, or 1 to 61 normal births; and 6 in 1 woman, due to
specific infection.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 47
REPRODUCTION
In this chapter are taken up the more direct observations among
the tribes, which, it seems to the writer, begin logically with data
relating to reproduction and. the first stages of the life of the Indian.
The notes on the several topics included under this heading are, as
with other subjects, necessarily somewhat combined with matter
relating to the habits and views of the people.
MARRIAGE
Marital life among the Indians of the southwestern United States
and northern Mexico is entered into on the average at an earlier
age than among the whites. While not generally a result of
mutual attraction, a degree of mutual pleasing, at least, is usually
considered essential to the union. The practice of obtaining a wife
by rape does not exist. Voluntary loss of chastity on the part of
the unmarried woman, while not very frequent, is not regarded as a
serious obstacle to future marriage. Often, though less directly than
among whites, the girl exercises the right of acceptance, and the
married woman the privilege of separation.
The married state among all the Indians visited has been in the
past and still is less stable than among the whites, though hardly
less moral. There is no polyandry. In former years polygamy
was general among the Indians of southwestern United States, and
among most of the less civilized tribes of northern Mexico; it still
exists among the latter, and only recently, under compulsion, is it
being abandoned by the Apache and other tribes in Arizona and
New Mexico. There are reasons for believing that obligatory
defloration of marriageable girls, promiscuous sexual intercourse,
and possibly even pederasty (ceremonial) still take place occasion-
ally in a few of the tribes. Since polygamy ceased the separation of
husbands and wives end their remarriage to others are particularly
common among the Indians of southwestern United States. Such
conduct is not regarded among these tribes as in any way deroga-
tory to toe participants.
Intermarriage of near relatives is not known among any of the
tribes visited, even where the exogamous clans have ceased to exist.
It is not uncommon, however, for the more distant cousins to unite
in marriage, or for a woman to bear children to her stepfather or to
her sister’s husband. Among the smaller tribes, as the Havasupai
and some of the Pueblos, there must of necessity be considerable
intermarriage among more distant relatives.
Among the Southern Ute, according to information given by the
Indians themselves, sexual life begins at an early age; but marriage
does not seem to be entered into generally quite as early as among
48 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
the Navaho and some of the other Indian tribes visited. It is not
rare to find in the tribe unmarried men and women more than 18 and
even 20 years of age. Polygamy, though infrequent, is still met with.
Leaving or changing wives or husbands is not uncommon, especially
among the Wiminuche. Sexual morality in general in 1900, at the
time of the writer’s visit to the tribe, was of a rather low order.
Among most of the Apache the event of a girl reaching puberty is
an occasion for a feast which her parents give, announcing her arrival
at womanhood.? According to statements made to the writer by
men of the tribe, only a few girls attain the age of 16 years or more
without marrying; he saw, however, two girls not yet married, each
of whom was surely more than 18.
Among the Apache as well as among the Navaho the girl is given
to a husband after he has.made gifts of horses and blankets to her
family,’ but the woman is not bought as a passive chattel. Among
the White Mountain Apache the accepted young man is allowed to
live sexually with his prospective wife for some time before marriage °
takes place, and they can separate if not mutually satisfied. The final
marriage is very simple.
It is not rare for a young man to marry a rather old woman. The
writer witnessed one such instance as late as 1905. The explanation
given of this is that on the one side the woman secures a young,
strong man to work the fields, while on the other side the woman is
usually one having a daughter approaching maturity, who also in the
course of time becomes the man’s wife (or concubine).
in which friends are called to participate. They kill a cow and have ‘‘lots of coffee and bread,” and
beat the drum the whole day. The first menstruation day is a fortunate day, and the people pray
that all may be well with the girl, and that she may become a good and healthy woman and a good
mother. They also pray for general plenty. Although the feast serves as a notice that the girl has
become a woman, marriage may not be arranged until much later. The San Carlos Apache no longer
observe the feast.
b Marriages among the Apache are now often the result of mutual liking. The exceptions are mostly
in the case of old men who secure wives much younger, or young men married by older women. By
some of the old people the girl is given less choice than by others more decidedly affected by modern
views, the marriage arrangement in such cases being principally the affair of the parents. The father
and mother of the girl are approached by the parents of the boy, and there are four talks concerning
the marriage, after which a decision is given. The husband to be must furnish a number of horses,
cows, saddles, blankets, buckskins, and other things of value, which are, or should be, divided
among the bride’s relatives. In return the people of the bride are expected to supply certain things
of value for the bridegroom’s relatives. By this arrangement both parties are often in the end nearly
even; but there is opportunity for the exercise of selfishness or greed.
e The marriage is arranged by intermediaries who are usually old men. These go to the house of the
girl’s parents and arrange the barter. When this is concluded, the bridegroom is at liberty to come
every night to the wife’s camp,or she to his, until a khuva (typical native hut, pl.11,¢) is built by the
girl. If both parties are content, then the marriage is considered as concluded. If not, they may sep-
arate, the articles given are mutually returned, and their relations are at an end.
Among the Jicarillas marriage takes place in the following manne1: A young man desiring to marry
a certain girl goes to her father and makes arrangements for obtaining her. If everything is satisfac-
tory, he buys cloth for a tipi, a supply of calico, and whatever is needed for housekeeping. He takes
these to the house of the girl’s parents. With the assistance of her mother and perhaps her sister, the
girl makes up the cloth into a tipi and the calico into dresses. When all is ready, the tipi is set up
and without further ceremony the bridegroom joins his bride in their new home. The relatives of
the girl receive but little compensation,
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 49
Divorce is easily accomplished in the tribe, and the man and
woman remarry, usually without difficulty. There are cases even at
the present time in which comparatively young men educated in white
schools have had a half dozen‘or more wives.
As to polygamy, there were in 1890 among about 600 married
Apache men on the White Mountain and Fort Apache reservations
87 who had two and nine who had three wives each.“ At the time
of the writer’s visit in 1900 the number of polygamous marriages, as
a consequence of the efforts of the agents, was much smaller. Among
the San Carlos, Jicarilla, and Mescalero Apache polygamy appar-
ently has ceased to exist.
There is prostitution among the White Mountain Apache and also
among the San Carlos Apache, with the whites as well as intratribal,
and the same is probably true of the Mescaleros. Among the Jica-
rillas, however, mainly from the fear of a possible introduction of
venereal diseases, the women are threatened with death for sexual
transgressions with white men and shun such relations. The fact
that a girl has borne a child before marriage does not bring her into
great discredit among any of the Apache.
Among the Navaho girls marry quite early (after puberty), but
the young men, obliged to accumulate some property before they can
obtain brides, marry at later ages. The writer has seen several
brides of from about 14 to 16 years of age, and, on the other hand,
has met a number of adult individuals of both sexes who, though in
normal health, were still unmarried. Some of the richer men still
have two or, rarely, three wives. In one of the families living near
Pueblo Bonito, a Navaho is married to two sisters.
All the Hopi women, the writer was told by the chiefs, marry, as
do all the men; they could recall but one man who remained his
whole life single. Marriage results often from mutual attraction,
though the arrangements belong to the parents. It may take place
at any time after puberty, a at present a girl is seldom married
before her sixteenth year.
The Zuni girls marry in some cases soon after puberty?’ (which
takes place mostly at from 11 to 14 years of age); the majority, how-
ever, marry at from 15 to 18. Sexual indulgence is said often to
precede marriage; illegitimate children, however, are considered
disgrace.
The Papago girls in the more civilized villages marry, on the aver-
age, rather later than the girls of the nonreservation Papago and
those of some other tribes. At San Meavier ine writer was re
ee on Indians, Eleventh Conata, 1890, 150, a ee 1894.
» According to Mrs. M. C. Stevenson (The Zuni Indians, Twenty-third Annual Report of the Bureau
of American Ethnology, 303), marriages in the tribe also take place before the girl has reached puberty
(belated puberty ?).
3452— Bull. 34—08——_4
50 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
that a marriage before the sixteenth or seventeenth year on the part
of the girl, and the twentieth on that of the young man, is rare.
Marriages are arranged by parents ‘‘when they think the boy or girl
ready to marry,” the feelings of the parties not being always heeded.
Individuals who never marry are but few.
Marriage among the Pima, according to Chief Antonio Azul, takes
place sometimes from love, but perhaps more often by the will of
parents. The first menstruation is regarded as indicating fitness for
marriage. Some of the girls, especially before the large boarding
school was established, married at as early an age as 14. In one
case both the young mother and her child were pupils in the agency
school.
The Mohave young men and women do not live together before
their marriage. There is, however, but little restraint on sexual
relations. Not afew girls have one or more children before marriage,
mostly by their brothers-in-law or stepfathers. There is but little
shame attached to this practice, and such girls marry the same as
others. The father is made to take care of the illegitimate child,
which is usually called by some ancient name.
Among the Yuma on the Colorado, according to reliable reports,
sexual relations with girls are usually established soon after puberty
and quite irrespective of marriage. Prostitution, especially with
whites, appears to be tolerated; at least, there are indications that
it is not uncommon.?
Among many of the Mexican tribes much that related to marriage
has been more or less altered by views resulting from contact with
whites and change in religion. On the whole, a moderately early
marriage (girls 16 to 18, men 18 to 21) is favored. Among the least
civilized tribes the conditions are much like those among the major-
ity of the Arizona and New Mexico Indians. Chastity in a girl is not
held very high. The fact that a girl has a child before marriage, or
has been divorced, is, where church influence does not reach, of little
hindrance to marriage. Some intratribal prostitution is everywhere
freely acknowledged, and wherever the natives live near the whites
mixture, both clandestine and by marriage, is prevalent. Very early
marriages (13 to 15 years) take place occasionally among the Tara-
humare, Huichol, and probably among others of the more primitive
tribes. Among the Tarahumare old men seek to marry young girls.
Among the Cora the parents of the young man approach those of the
young woman whom they believe to be suitable for their son, and if
an agreement is reached the couple are married even if not known to
each other. Polygamy is still prevalent among the Tarahumare,
a Compare accounts in the Reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and those in the Report on
Indians, Eleventh Census, 1890. Although exaggeration must be guarded against, the evidence as to
the dissolute life of at least some of the Yuma women is ample.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 5]
Tepecano, and Huichol, and to lesser degrees among the Cora and
Tepehuane. It has disappeared wherever the white man’s religion
has gained a firm foothold.
The life of the married Indian is ordinarily, as the writer had a
chance to observein many localities and instances, one of quiet and
contentment rather than of active, demonstrative happiness, and often
one of greater independence -of action of both parties than among
most whites. It is decidedly a more primitive, more natural family
life, one of less mutual regard as well as helpfulness. In some tribes
the husband exercises more authority over his wife than in others,
In most tribes if the woman displeases her husband, or if he becomes
jealous, she is lable to be maltreated by him. Among the Huichol, for
example, a man beat his wife because she permitted herself to be
measured by the writer against her husband’s wishes; the woman was
old and it could hardty have been a question of jealousy. Unfaithful-
ness on the part of the wife, if detected by the husband, is generally
punished corporally. Among the Apache, until about twenty-five
years ago, In some instances the jealous husband or the female relatives
cut off the unfaithful wife’s nose;* in rare instances the husband
killed her.
After marriage, conception with the Indian woman occurs usually
without much delay. There were no signs of any important differ-
ences, either in this respect or in the periods between successive
pregnancies, as compared with the average white woman.
Further peculiarities of the sexual life of the people could not be
inquired into with profitable results. From various indications the
subject does not offer much of unusual interest.
There are no mutilations of the genital organs, with one possible
exception. An artificial production of the so-called ‘‘mujerados,”’ for
purposes of ceremonial pederasty, among some of the Pueblos was
reported, but it is not known whether this is still practised.?
STERILE WOMEN; PREFERENCE OF SEX; GESTATION
Women sterile by nature occur in every tribe, but the proportion is
always small.
There are only a few childless women, known as ka-tu-a-wit, among
the Southern Ute. The people have no definite theory concerning the
condition.
Some naturally sterile women were met with among the White
Mountain and other Apache. There is no special term by which
off, but this practice seems to have been abandoned in later years, for, ona visit among them and after
observing about 3,000 Indians, I saw only seven women so disfigured, and they had reached or passed
the middle age.’’—Special Agent Stephen Whited, Report on Indians, Eleventh Census, 1890, 150.
Four women, all above 50 years of age, with their noses cut off, were seen by the writer in 1905 at San
Carlos. It was said that most of the mutilations were the work of the other women of the tribe.
6 Hammond, W. A., Sexual Impotence in the Male, New York, 1883.
ee ies
52 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
others designate such women except tu-il-sih-ta (‘‘never-get-a-child’’),
and, as elsewhere, not much attention seems to be given to the condi-
tion. At San Carlos sterility in women is well known, and is believed
by the women to be the men’s fault. A ‘young woman who, though
well developed and healthy looking, and menstruating regularly,
remained sterile, was pointed out to the writer. Her first marriage
was dissolved on account of the sterility, on the supposition that the
man might be the cause of it. She was given another husband, with
whom she has now lived for more than two years, but there has been
no conception. Among the Navaho, Zuni, and Papago women ste-
rility is rare. A few sterile women were pointed out to the writer
among the Pueblos and the Pima, and several such, known as
cha-aik (‘‘barren”’) were living at the time of his visit among the
Mohave. On the First mesa of the Hopi there were in 1900 four
women who, although married for more than ten years each, had
never become pregnant. Among the Tarahumare sterile women are
called ‘“mules.”’ The Cora told the writer that occasionally one of
their women has no child until the third or fourth year after marriage,
and a few have never borne any. Similar accounts as to childless
women were heard in all the other tribes. The opinion that the male
may be the cause of the childless marriage was met with in several
tribes besides the Apache.
All the young Indian wives want to have children. In some in-
stances they prefer boys to girls; in others they desire children of
both sexes.
Usually, though not always, the White Mountain Apache woman
desires a boy. In this tribe when a pregnant woman wants especially
a boy or a girl, she calls on a medicine-man or woman, who plays on
the violin, uses certain incantations, touches the woman’s abdomen,
and gives her to take internally some of the much used sacred yel-
low tule pollen (hadntin). Women who wish to have children, or who
want more children after being unfruitful fora time, are sometimes given
by a medicine-woman a cluster of the eggs of a certain spider; this
dose is handed to a relative to put into meat or other food without
being cooked or otherwise prepared, to be given the patient without
her knowledge. It is supposed that the many eggs of the particular
spider referred to will bring about conception—in other words, that.
the prolificness of the spider will induce a similar condition in the
woman. The San Carlos and the Tonto Apache women want girls as
well as boys, for the former would soon be able to aid the mother in her
domestic duties.
On one occasion the Walapai women were observed by Doctor Per-
kins, their agent, to cut off, with avidity, the feet of a gopher; they
said that the feet are boiled and eaten by young women in order
‘‘to have many boys and girls.”
GEPAE TREN. OF ARTHRUPR OBA
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 53
As to preference of sex among the Pima, formerly, when the people
used to fight, the women say they wished for boys; now they wish
more for girls, who can cook for them and help them in other ways.
They believe that if a woman will eat one seed of the gourd which is
commonly used for water she will have a boy.* The Zuni want many
children of both sexes; only a few of those asked with regard to sex
showed any preference,’ and the same may be said of the Mohave.
The Tarahumare desire boys much more than girls. A woman who
wants a boy will sing during the sexual intercourse ta-wr, ta-ur.
They want boys because they may become great foot racers or even
governors.
Pregnancy in its earlier stages generally interferes in no way with
the woman’s habits of life and occupation in any of the tribes, but
it is very rare in any Indian settlement to see a woman near her
term working hard, or even to meet her outside of the dwelling.
Functional disturbance and diseases of pregnancy are much less fre-
quent and less serious than with white women.
There are some curious notions about gestation as well as about
the unborn child. In all the tribes the pregnant woman must observe
certain tabus. :
The Apache women believe that with both boys and girls gesta-
tion lasts during a period of from nine to ten moons, the time being
counted by the new moon and from the last menstruation. The day
of the new moon is fortunate for the child. It is believed that boys
who begin to walk on that day will be fast runners. The women
know.no means of determining the sex of the child in utero.
The San Carlos Apache pregnant woman keeps about her usual
duties as long as she is physically able to do so. She avoids no work
from precaution. Beyond ordinary care the younger people know of
no special tabu for her, but among the less civilized element of the
tribe she is not allowed to be visited by strange people who might
frighten her. She may eat anything she likes, and does not need to
abstain from looking at an animal being killed or at blood. Some
women have a little morning sickness, but others have none at all,
suffering, on the whole, but little.
Among the Hopi the pregnant woman must not see blood or any-
thing else likely to frighten her. The gestation period is counted by
moons, and the rather prevalent opinion, perhaps based on the slight
excess in size of the male child, is that it lasts longer with a boy than
a Tn case a child is born dead to a Pima woman and she does not want any more children, the-body
is buried with the face covered with wrappings and with the head deep in the little cave which is cus-
tomarily made at the base of the grave. If, on the other hand, the mother desires to have more chil-
dren, the face of the dead baby is not covered and the body is placed so that the head is directly under
the shaft of the grave. Much faith is put in these expedients.
b Occasionally, when either a boy ora girlis specially desired, the people visit certain shrines to pray
for the object of their wish. See Mrs. M.C. Stevenson, The Zufi Indians, Twenty-third Annual Report
of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 294.
54 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
with a girl. No sign is much relied on as an indication of the sex of
the unborn infant. Transgression in some of the tabus may result
in the child being born an albino.
The pregnant Zuni woman “must be guarded from the sight of
moving water, fish, and water reptiles no less than from fierce and
fearful things.”?* The period of gestation is supposed to be ten
lunar months in the case of a boy and nine lunar months in that of a
girl. The mother has no means of determining whether she will
have a boy or a girl. Artificial abortion, the people believe, is apt
to be followed by sterility.
The Pima have no definite ideas as to the period of viability of
the fetus. They feel it, and hence know it must be alive. They have
no means of determining the sex. The tabus of a pregnant woman
among the Pima do not allow her to see a sick person, because it
may cause the latter’s stomach to swell and perhaps cause his death,
Even the husband of the pregnant woman must not visit the sick,
There seems to be no idea that the sick person may have an injuri-
ous effect on the mother or her infant. Further, the pregnant woman
is not allowed to eat impure things, particularly food that may have
been touched by vultures or coyotes, nor must she look on anything
that is regarded as bad. This does not include fresh blood. The
pregnant woman takes no special precautions on account of her condi-
tion. She works as long as she is able to do so. She has no special
diet until near confinement, when she eats sparingly. Most of the
pregnant women have a little morning sickness, but there are also a
good many who have none. Some have only slight nausea, without
vomiting. The principal midwife in the tribe never knew of a case
of really severe vomiting due to pregnancy.
Among the Papago also gestation is believed to last one lunar
month longer in the case of a boy than in that of a girl. ‘There is
no telling” about the sex of a child before its birth, except in the case
of boys “by the long time they stay in.”
With the Mohave, gestation is supposed to last regularly ten lunar
months. It is believed, however, that if a new conception takes
place soon after the birth of a child the subsequent fetus will grow
very slowly, and the gestation may be prolonged to a whole year.
In some of the Mexican tribes the women have largely adopted
the Mexican views on these points, while in others the notions of the
people are much like those of our Indians. The Tepecano, for
instance, believe that the period of gestation for a boy lasts nine
(calendar) months, but only seven or eight for a girl. Nowhere is
much eliane e plac val on any special sign as to the sex of he unborn.
Hennes in W. Matthews’s Tenineecnanie Tea of American Folk-Lore, 1X, 1898, 110. See also
Mrs. M. C. Stevenson, The Zuni Indians, Twenty-third Annual Report of the Bureau of American
Ethnology, 296.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 55
Among the Opata, in Sonora, the fetus is believed to breathe, air
gaining access to it through the vagina. Should the latter be occluded
in any manner the child would lose its breath and die. An Opata
woman recently testified to this effect in a case of suspected infanticide
before a court.
LABOR; MULTIPLE AND ABNORMAL BIRTHS; PLACENTA; REAPPEAR-
ANCE OF MENSTRUATION
Much has been said about the ease with which the Indian
woman undergoes childbirth. From what the writer has learned and
observed, and from what he knows of the subject in the case of white
women, however, it is his opinion that a healthy Indian woman of
normal physique, with a normal child, on the average suffers
quite as much and as long as does the normal white woman under
similar conditions. The differences lie in the facts that the Indian
women as a rule are well built; that most of them are used to outdoor
life, and are healthy, strong, and very patient, and that, as com-
pared with the whites, a larger proportion of the children are abso-
lutely normal. Owing largely to these same factors the puerperium
in the Indian woman is often a very healthful one, and return to the
ordinary mode of life is quite rapid. There is no indication of any
Jess organic sensibility in the Indian woman, comparing her always
with other women of similar social position. Nor are all the labors
of Indian women easy. Dystocia is well known, and manual assist-
ance is often needed and employed.
There is generally but little visible preparation for the event of
childbirth. The woman walks about, at least within the dwelling,
and does more or less work up to the time when the pains have well
set in. Sometimes she is urged to walk or stand up to the last stage
of labor. She then reposes in different positions on a skin, a mat, or a
blanket, or on warm sand spread on the ground. Delivery takes
place while the woman is squatting, or on her knees, or on hands and
knees or elbows, or lying down; frequently she holds on toan attendant,
or to a sash, rope, strap, or stick which is fastened somewhere near
for the purpose. Ordinarily the only assistant is the mother or some
other female relative of mature years, but more than one woman or
person may be present. In most tribes there are older women who
are reputed especially apt helpers, a sort of midwives, who are ex-
pected to aid spiritually as well as physically.
The assistance given is everywhere substantially the same, con-
sisting mainly of pressure or kneading with the hands or with a
bandage about the abdomen, the object of which is to give direct aid
in the expulsion of the child. The procedure, which is not always
gentle, accomplishes very probably the same result as the kneading
56 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
of the uterine fundus under similar conditions by the white physician,
namely, more effective uterine contractions.
Among some tribes steaming the lower part of the body is occasion-
ally resorted to as a help to speedy delivery. Decoctions, especially
that of cedar (Juniperus sec.), are drunk, particularly among the
Pueblos; and there are prayers and ceremonial observances, as well
as appropriate fetishes. Internal examination of the patient is
resorted to only when she is in great distress. When strong manual aid
is needed it is given by the husband, a brother, or a medicine-man.
After birth the cord is usually cut and tied. Delivery of the placenta
generally follows in a short time, on the average more promptly than
among the whites.
To determine the exact progress of labor would require numerous
precise personal observations impossible for the stranger to make,
and information obtained through mere inquiry is necessarily unsatis-
factory.
After confinement the woman remains on the skin or mat as long
as exhausted or weak. The generative organs, external and atone
receive no special attention or merely Sapecial cleansing. —
in exceptional cases, the woman generally rises earlier than is the
custom among whites; not seldom the first, but usually the second
or third day; and she does not take as much care against exposure as
the white woman. The period of her confinement to the house
differs among the various tribes, and is a matter of purely religious
custom.
There are well-authenticated instances in which an Indian woman
has given birth to a child on a journey, and after a shorter or longer
time has resumed travel, or where she brought forth one day and was
at work the next. Similar cases, however, occur among the whites.
Among all of the’tribes after childbirth the mother is dieted in dif-
ferent ways. This observance is partly prophylactic, partly religious.
Abnormal positions of the child are infrequent, but their occurrence
is well known and dreaded among all the tribes. The same may
be said of puerperal troubles, which, however, are also rare, the
puerperium being freer of pbnownnliie and diseases than among
whites. Twins are not uncommon; triplets are very ‘rare , and are
regarded as something uncanny; a more than three children at a
birth none of the persons questioned had ever heard. Monstrosities
are rare, but occur among all the tribes; if of a pronounced kind the
child is not allowed to live.
The delivery itself is nowhere surrounded with much secrecy, and
female members of the family, in some instances also male relatives
and even children, may be present.
Tribal details. Among the White Mountain Apache after childbirth
the woman, unless too weak, runs about among the bushes outside
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 57
the hut in order that ‘‘the blood may not clot.’ The first day she
partakes of a little soup or gruel, but as soon as she begins to resume
her customary occupations—that is, from the second day on—she
may eat what she likes.
The San Carlos woman is delivered in the kneeling position, with
the limbs well apart. A helping woman, kneeling or squatting
behind, puts her arms about the upper part of the abdomen of the
patient and presses upon the uterus. If the progress is not satisfac-
tory, the patient has to rise and walk toward the east, then to the
north, then to the west, and finally to the south. This procedure is
believed to hasten delivery. Sometimes but not often there is trouble
with the placenta. If it does not appear, the old woman attendant
presses on the abdomen and kneads the fundus of the uterus. Only
in very exceptional cases will she touch the genitals. If no other
help remains, a woman especially skillful in such emergencies is called.
She takes the cord between two fingers and, following its course,
introduces her hand and with one finger tries to loosen the afterbirth
(this was illustrated to the writer very skillfully by one of the old
women), or she may introduce her hand with a little knife with which
she tries to obtain a better hold on the placenta and help in tearing
it away. Even with these expedients she may fail entirely. Another
way is to pull on the cord and work little by little. When the cord
breaks, however, there is trouble, and several women in the tribe are
remembered as having suffered much or as having died from illness
consequent on a retention of the placenta. External aid (kneading
and pressure) is always relied upon most, internal manipulation
being almost abhorrent to the people. After confinement the San
Carlos woman is rot allowed to go about as does the White Mountain
woman. She either lies quiet or, according to an old custom, there is
built in the hut a little separate fire, from which, after a while, the
remaining wood and ashes are taken away and the heated earth is
covered with grass. The woman lies on her abdomen upon the grass
and is well covered up, remaining thus for some time. This is done
particularly when there is profuse hemorrhage. There is no definite
number of days of seclusion. The mother is kept indoors until she
feels well. A child is sometimes born in a temporary habitation or
on the road, and sometimes it is impossible, from other causes, for
the woman to remain indoors for any considerable length of time.
For the first day or two the mother eats nothing ‘‘strong’’—no beef
and no salt. After four days her face and hands are washed. In
eight days she is completely bathed and then can eat anything that
is to be had. If the woman is not well after delivery, more care is
taken with her diet. She is given only a little bread or coffee or
a The placenta is wrapped up in an old cloth and buried or otherwise disposed of, so that no animal
can get atit. Should it be eaten, it is believed that the child may not live.
58 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
gruel. On the other hand, if strong, she can soon eat almost every-
thing, even with salt. She is never given any tulipi, however.
When asked about the occurrence of twins in the tribe most of the
San Carlos women said it was quite rare, and they could refer to no
recent instance. When asked about triplets, they usually answered
with a laugh, saying that they were not dogs to have so many.
None of them had heard of any such occurrence in the tribe. The
only instances of congenital abnormalities among the San Carlos
Apache learned of by the writer were a harelip and a case of imperfo-
rate anus. When a deformity is considerable, the infant is usually
allowed to die. In the tribe, however, there is a man who has no
external ears, but simply an opening on each side into the head.
He was born thus. No one could remember any instance of multiple
breasts or limbs.
Among the Mescaleros a woman in labor kneels on the ground with
her limbs separated, while another woman kneels behind her and
from time to time presses on the abdomen. Old women assist in the
labor. When the delivery is difficult, they give some medicine, press
and knead the abdomen, and often endeavor to remove the child
manually. No one except the attending woman is allowed to be
present. The placenta is wrapped up and buried. After labor the
woman observes no special diet and eats almost anything she desires.
No fixed period for her to stay indoors was observed. One Mescalero
woman is known to have had three children at a birth. One was a
monster without arms and another had only one eye. Both of
these were killed. This occurred about thirty-five years ago.
Among the Lipan the position of the woman in labor is on her
knees with limbs well separated, aid being given by an attendant
who from behind holds back her shoulders. The placenta is so dis-
posed of-that it may not be disturbed by beasts of prey. A cradle
board is made when the child is four days old. The woman is not
allowed to go out before four days have elapsed. The baby is shown
to the sun soon after birth, but is not taken out until 2 weeks old.
These old observances, however, are being slowly abandoned.
Among the Navaho generally only the old women assist, but when
the childbirth is difficult one or more men may be called in, who
aid the woman in labor by encircling her abdomen with their
arms, endeavoring to hasten the birth. A medicine-man is occa-
sionally called in to aid with pressure and also with “medicine” and
incantations.@
aA curious case was reported to the writer by Doctor McKee, formerly physician to the Hopi and
Navaho at Keams canyon. She was called to attend a Navaho woman who thought that confinement
was delayed.- On arriving she found the patient at about the end of the seventh month of pregnancy
and with absolutely no signs of approaching labor. The doctor was informed that, according to the
calculation of the woman and her relatives, the time for the confinement had passed and for two
days the men in the family had been aiding the woman to be delivered by pressing her abdomen. For-
tunately the manipulation had not been violent enough to injure either the mother or her infant. The
child was born nearly two months later.
HRDIICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS og
Especially reliable information was obtained in this line among the
Pima from an old midwife known as Mary, sister of the chief, Antonio
Azul. She comes from a family of chiefs and learned her vocation
from her mother and sister. She is in every way comparable to a
country midwife among the whites, and is called on to aid in most of
the confinements in her neighborhood. According to this woman the
preparations for labor among the Pima are very simple. The woman
at term is directed to walk as long as possible, as the delivery will be
easier than if she takes to her bed on the approach of the first pains.
When walking becomes impossible she is placed in a sitting posture
on a little bedding or merely a cloth. If the progress is then satis-
factory she is let alone until the child is born. In some cases the
patient sits on the ground with the knees drawn up, and inclining
slightly backward on a helping woman, who sits behind her. Occa-
sionally a depression is made in the ground in front of the woman to
receive the baby. The practice differs with different families. If the
birth does not take place promptly, the midwife squats or kneels,
takes the woman on her lap, puts her arms around her abdomen,
and bears down with all her strength. When the patient writhes a
little, she shakes her moderately from side to side, and if satisfactory
progress is not made the midwife goes in front while the husband
from behind presses on the abdomen of his wife with all his strength.
The midwife never examines the patient internally, and she does not
pull on the child, as this would be contrary to custom. My informant
never had a case where success did not attend the expedients men-
tioned, although the time might be long. If the placenta does not
follow the, birth directly or within a short time, as it usually does,
the cord is tied and the midwife commences pressing on the uterus
and kneading it—a practice which is usually successful. She does
not pull on the cord or introduce her hand. In one instance a
peculiar treatment for retained placenta was administered by a
female helper. The confined woman was made to pull herself up
on a rope suspended from above. When she was nearly erect, she
was told to open her mouth and into this the midwife quickly intro-
duced, as far as she could, one of her fingers. The object was to in-
duce a violent effort at vomiting while the woman was in that
peculiar position, with the muscles of the upper part of her body,
as well as those of the abdomen, well contracted. The effort,
whether by inducing great and sudden pressure on the uterus or a
reflex relaxation of the os uteri, succeeded, the afterbirth being
promptly expelled. The placenta is buried by the women.
Attentions to the Pima mother after labor are also very simple.
If she is in good health and seems well, as is often the case, she is
left entirely to herself. For the first few hours she receives no food
60 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 34
and is not washed. After that she can have a little food when she
likes. If she is weak or inclined to faint, she has to be fed at once
and is given warm soup made from flour and water. Formerly she
was not washed until sixteen days after labor, but now the cus-
tomary time is four days, provided there is no danger of her
catching cold; but meanwhile she cleanses herself somewhat with dry
cloths. No medicine is given, except in cases where the woman
feels ill.
Formerly a Pima woman after delivery tabued salt for eight days
or more. At present there is no observance of any special diet,
except that for the first day or two she avoids whatever is considered
‘“strong.”’
Accidents to a mother after delivery are not frequent. When
there is too much milk, the midwife relieves the pressure with
her hands. The mother is seldom able to nurse her babe at once;
often the milk does not appear for two and occasionally for even
three or four days. Meanwhile the child is given some simple diet.
The writer’s informant never knew of the birth of a monster. She
knew, however, of an infant without arms born to a Pima woman;
it was not allowed to live. Her own grandson shows a congenital .
defect of finger nails; so small an abnormality would not be con-
sidered sufficient cause for disposing of the child.
Only one case of- triplets had occurred in the tribe within the recol-
lection of the persons interviewed. In this case all three children
lived to advanced age and died within recent years.
No case of deformed pelvis was known in the tribe.
Difficult and long labor, the old Pima think, is due largely to the
fact that women do not now always make sufficient effort to hasten
birth. Difficulties are especially noticed in the women who have
adopted to the greatest extent the ways of the whites.
Among the northern Papago assistance in delivery is given by
older female relatives. During the later stages of the labor the
patient, who sits down on the ground, aids delivery by raising herself
by means of a cord fixed to the wall or ceiling. After confinement
the Papago woman in some localities is expected to stay indoors
for two or three weeks, a custom probably of Spanish derivation.
Several years ago a Papago woman at Sacaton had a retention of
the placenta. When all ordinary means had failed, the white agency
doctor was called, but the woman refused to have the afterbirth
removed manually or with the aid of instruments, and died some
days afterwards.
Among the Maricopa the position in labor and the ordinary usages
connected with delivery are like those among the Pima; no depres-
sion, however, is made in the ground in front of the patient, as is
done at times among the latter.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 61
The Hopi woman, if her health is good, goes about her lighter
duties to the last and, if no complications develop, takes actual rest
for a day or two only after confinement. She is delivered in most
cases in a kneeling or squatting position, on sand covered with rags.
She stays at least four days indoors, in obedience to a religious
custom, and observes a stipulated diet.¢
Methods of delivery in the Rio Grande pueblos and among the
Zuni are given by Mrs. M. C. Stevenson in The Sia (Hleventh Annual
Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 132-148, and The Zuni Indians
(Twenty-third Annual Report of same Bureau, 297 et seq.).
Jn an ordinary confinement among the Mohave the. little help that
is necessary is given by the older women among the relatives or
acquaintances. When the labor is difficult a woman is called in
‘““who knows how to help.’ There are several such women in the
tribe, and they have to be paid like the medicine-men. Most labors
are completed within half a day; some last up to two days. It is
believed by Mohave mothers that more pain is suffered in the case of
a girl, a boy being easier to deliver. The mother eats nothing the
first day, drinking only warm water or a little soup. With her first
child the mother abstains from meat and salt for one month. With
successive children this time of abstinence is reduced to three or two
weeks.”
There is but little preparation for parturition among the Tara-
humare, and the labor usually does not last many hours, though
there are exceptions. The woman ties a sash about her waist, and
the tightening of this, which may be repeated, is supposed to aid the
delivery. Unless suffering from some accident the mother leaves the
dwelling within a few hours to wash herself.
Among the Opata labor lasts usually from eight to eighteen hours,
but instances are known of duration of but a few minutes, while, on
the other hand, in a small number of cases several days elapsed
between the first occurrence of pains and the delivery, without pro-
a At Oraibi, according to H. R. Voth, the parturient woman assumes a kneeling position with both
hands on thefloor. At themoment of birth the woman is usually left alone. When the child is delivered
the mother chews juniper twigs and some warm corn gruel isgiven her. If the delivery of the placenta
is retarded, the attending woman gently presses and kneads theabdomen. If that fails, she resorts toa
little broom (or brush) made of stiff grass, and with this gently strikes the hips and back of the patient,
at the same time pulling lightly on the cord. The mother is not allowed to eat or drink anything cold
throughout the lying-in period. Mr. Voth gives also, besides other details, an interesting account of
aid in difficult labor and ima case of retained placenta. A woman was in labor for two days and a night
and was exhausted. Directed by an Indian called to help, the husband of the patient knelt, placing
both of his hands on the floor. The woman was then laid across his back, but somewhat to one side
so that a downward pressure was applied to her abdomen. At the same time the helper applied gentle
pressure with his hands on both sides of the abdomen. The child (dead) was expelled in a very short
time and the woman’s life saved. In another case where the placenta was retained, manipulation and
pressure were employed on the uterus, an old woman meanwhile pulling gently on the cord.—See
H.R. Voth, Oraibi Natal Customs and Ceremonies, in eld Columbian Museum Publications, Anthro-
pological series, VI, no. 2, Chicago, 1905.
b The placenta and blood clots are placed in a cloth and buried by the women in some out-of-the-way
spot, although there appears to be no superstition connected with the act.
¢ The placenta is buried deep and a stone is laid over it, so that dogs may not eat it.
62 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
longed interruption in the pains. There are but few cases in which
labor is atypical and really difficult. Among nearly 50 cases in which
he assisted, Doctor Alderman, the principal informant of the writer
among this tribe, had but one feet presentation. In labor the woman
usually kneels or squats with knees apart. She is attended by her
nearest female relative, but other women and even men and children
may be present. The event is not considered one requiring great
secrecy. A light shawl is tied about the woman’s abdomen, over the
fundus, and tightened as much as ‘‘two women can draw,” or a large
pad of cloth is laid over the uterus and bound there tightly with a
bandage. During the pains (at any period of the labor) a helping
woman takes the patient, who has assumed a kind of sitting posture,
by the hips and shakes her quite forcibly to and fro. This manipu-
lation is repeated at intervals until the child is born. Sometimes
two women, one on each side, alternate in pressing strongly on the
fundus. The placental portion of the cord, after severing, must be
fastened in some way to the mother’s thigh, otherwise, it is believed,
it might recede and be lost within, when the mother could not be
delivered of it and the afterbirth. The placenta, however, seldom
causes trouble. The toilet of the mother is restricted to drying
with pieces of cloth, washing being delayed until the period of the
‘“‘dieta”’ has passed.
After delivery the woman usually remains four or five days in bed,
but she observes a diet for forty days, during which time she must
not wash or comb her hair. Under the ‘‘dieta’’ chile, beans, fresh
meats, and certain other articles may not be eaten. The woman sub-
sists solely on a little dried meat, chicken, eggs, and a few other
simple nonstimulating foods, with but a smali allowance of salt. It
is probable that this limited diet is in part, though not wholly, the
result of Mexican influence. |
Among the Tepecano parturition is generally accomplished with
the aid of one or more related or friendly older women. ‘There are
no professional helpers and the woman in childbirth is not secluded
from her family or friends. The ordinary labor lasts about twelve
hours, but there are not a few cases in which the duration is less and
some in which it is greater. The woman is delivered squatting on
her knees and toes, or on knees, toes, and hands, with the lower limbs
well separated. In difficult labor the husband or brother or helping
woman encircles the patient’s abdomen from behind with the arms
and tries to expel the child by pressure, which is continued without
intermission as long as possible. If this treatment does not accom-
plish its purpose, a medicine-man is called and proceeds with the
woman in labor much as with any other patient; that is, prays and
exerts his magical powers in his wonted way, but gives her at the
alt is buried with no special care or secrecy.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 63
same time a decoction of ‘‘herba buena”’ or ‘‘rosa de castilla,’’ and
may himself try abdominal pressure or kneading. The abdomen of
the delivered woman is bound with the ordinary broad sash, a cus-
tom probably acquired from the Mexicans. The woman is urged to
remain in bed as long as possible, and she generally stays indoors
eight to fifteen and even thirty days.
The Huichol women in labor are assisted by older women, as among
other Indians. As soon as able afterwards they wash themselves
all over.
Among the Nahua, most of the Tarasco, and the Tlahuiltec the
observances as to help, cleanliness, diet, and other matters of medical
interest concerning the woman before, during, and following delivery
are more or less modified by Mexican usages.
The primipara receives everywhere a special attention and is more
bound than a multipara to observe diet and other customs.
In order to obtain more exact information respecting the duration
of labor and other matters relating to childbirth, the writer questioned
directly a number of Apache and Pima mothers. It was found almost
invariably that after proper introduction and explanation as to the
inquiries to be made the woman was willing enough to give all the
information at her command, but in many cases her remembrance
of long-past events was so imperfect that a portion of the data
could not be utilized. The best answers were those relating to the
length of labor (it being possible in almost every instance to learn the
approximate time of the day or night when the pains began and
when the infant was born) and those relating to the last child.
The results, so far as the duration of labor is concerned, show con-
siderable individual variation in both series; yet it will be noted from
the table below that there is in both series a tendency toward
groupings of frequencies, which are quite similar in the two tribes. In
nearly 29 per cent of the 35 tabulated cases among the Apache and 23.5
per cent of those among the Pima, the labor lasted only two hours or
less; labor of between seven and twelve hours’ duration among the
Apache (31 per cent), and seven to ten hours among the Pima (32 per
cent) forms the second and largest group; while the third group
embraces the prolonged labors, of more than one day’s duration (17
per cent among the Apache and 17.6 per cent among the Pima).
(oP)
rs
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Duration of labor @
San Carlos Apache. Pima.
Duration. | Cases. | Remarks. Duration. | Cases. | Remarks.
lh ounce Pa saceria- : 3 i Ph Oui Ss S322 cee ae 4 i
EE OUTS ie ote sere 3 |/10=28.6 per cent. ito 2hourss-22 2. 1 |\8=23.5 per cent.
DHOULSE cere seme 4 | AHOUTS eee Shee co 3
ZtOSMOUTS =e ee 1 | SHOUTSS Sees 2
AN OULSHe' ere esses | 2 | ANOUTS 2 eee Seve 2 |
MOVIES exe ema gelateele ae Le OHOUTS Sees eee 1 |
GHOULS: ...5 22stec-2-< 1 GhOUTSSe sees ee oe 3
@NOUESE 2S. acleee ee | 3 6ito 7hours==--ees 1
SOULS ae see seer | 3 (MHOUTSEeee eee eee 2 |/11=32.4 per cent.
Sho MROULSE Sse eoeene | 1 (-11=31.4 per cent. Shoursteeeee see 3 |
1OMOUTS= = Aceeea- ees) ») | 1OhOUns=e=seee eee 2
A2O UTS eee eee 2 1h OUTS eee ee i}
{OUTS S= ee se aceer ene | P2ihOwnrs 222 eee | 1 |
VWShOUrss creek eee iL ZO RO UNS Reser eae 1
22NOUTSE eo -eeee see 1 Zo NOUS == Heereeeee 1
DAT OUTS ene oe ail se eet 1 | 24hOUnS= 25 oe 2 |
2 days and 1 night... 1 | | 3 days and 2 nights. 2 }6=17.6 per cent.
2 days and 2 nights... 2 |p6=17.1 per cent. 4 days and 2 nights. 2 |
4 days and 3 nights... 1
Gay Shee eee 2 Sassen 1 |
|
a More detail tables will be found at the end of the chapter.
In the majority of the cases the labor with the first child was pro-
longed; there is, however, but little uniformity as to duration in this
or other series of births (see detail table). In eight families where
records of more than one child, including the first, were obtained, the
labor in the first case was longer than in the second in four, about
equal in one, and shorter in three instances. The longest labor (seven
days) occurred with the third child; the two next longest (each four
days), one with a first and one with a second child.
The delivery of the placenta took place in all but two instances
within less than one-half hour after the birth of the child. In the
majority of the cases the interval was very short—one or two pains—
“a very short while,” ‘‘a short while.” In one case, however (first
child), the afterbirth was delivered only after a delay of four hours,
and in another (fourth child) after five hours. There is no suggestion
of any relation between the promptness of the delivery of the child
and that of the placenta, or between this and the order of birth of
the child (first, second, etc.).
Another point in the inquiry may be considered in this place,
namely, the reestablishment of the menses after childbirth. There
were collected only 21 reliable records of this class, but there are in
addition a number of others of negative nature, showing the time (age
of the infant) at which menstruation has not yet reappeared. The
data, given in a table below,? show much irregularity. While in indi-
a See also the details at the end of this chapter.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 65
vidual instances the function was reestablished as early as the fourth or
the fifth month, in numerous cases it did not manifest itself again
until after the tenth or twelfth month, or even later. In the same
woman the regularity is probably greater (though there are excep-
tions), but accurate records are lacking.
Reappearance of menstruation after childbirth
Tribe. Cases. Tribe. Cases.
SAN CARLOS APACHE. | PIMA.
Menstruated for the first time after— Menstruated for the first time after
GHNONGHS eee. ste ee Re ore eee ae 2 || SUNONGUS seme meee rane sas Ate os oe 1
((1NOCO} UE ORS ie I ees eee cee ee 3 ABTAVOTUGINS eRe corse royase epeictos SorS = ha. 3YSr= 1
STI OMULMS ree cise eta Np ore Pe 2 Gunonths saan aaron eee oes 1
IK Tea Voy ay NaS} S See Rar ar Pee ee ee 1 | komt MSc 26 cepa aee ae eos oo 1
IDA TKOLM NO eens = a a eee oS ee Sane 1A} 2M ONG NS aS oy os eee eect sie 2
SHEN ON UWS eee seas me See © Aen SEO ee 1 || PAsIMONUNS ase ee coon here e 2
TASTY OU LS Seren Once cee ree tc ater 2
Gs Ont Bere seek cox hs ee eee eae 1
Has not menstruated yet after— Has not menstruated yet after |
2 Uren OVORH NG ia eg Jere Seer eee 1 DENLOnth sy Gi ay Seer ae eee I
Gon ns Wha rol aviSen See ccei wens 2e\- 1 || Grnronths Old ay Saesses ree eee 1
Uf TESOL eG =, OL a inn A enn ae ee 1 MEMO TUG IS emer etn se Lie eS Pe UR oe 1
eDVOUGRS OID V Ss. 2.-ce nae e Sek on il ff TiO WALINS UC GING eases Sosa Sas escce | 1
SmNOMEO Sul Gay Sate == eo See ee 1 Smonth sus day Sees oe =e 1
ORONOTUG LS So ese. oops eich os eacicae 1 Shin ONS) 24sC ays eta eee eee ere | 1
iibmonths lOldaysse se < 224 Sa. tas ccae it BOOUTELOsMONTNS sees eee eee ese Saeee 1
hismonbhs 20rd ayigee sce ss. eee oe 1
ZAMOR GIS aaa oe te 2 Sea 1
IPA GO MATEO BC ae a Sa eee ae oe 1
US VMOMNUNSaeee- 2 oe See eee eee 1
The detailed data relating to individual labor cases and kindred
subjects are as follows :
’
3452—Bull. 84—O8 a)
[BULL. 34
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
66
‘asnedouour 10y ysnoue
pio Alpivey «*AOuvUseId =Mou ON
-1B04 [ UL PayeNAYsUOUT ‘p]TYo ys1y IeqyW
‘sABDP Z IOI [YUN PTY oy} osanu Jou
pip UBUIOM oY} ‘Yols Suleq ‘pavy 10qeB'T
“SyQMOUT Z ATINY LOF YUL pA ING pH
‘siesuy eq WIM paaour
-a1 oYS Yor ‘equsoeyd oy} peyover
eys Tun dn 4t pamoyjoy pue sid
-UY 9[PpluUL puB pUOdes ey Wee yEK
p10 ey YOO ‘eurod you pom vyUeD
-vid oy} USM “UBUIOM SuIpUe}e plo
pu s,M0:3)
lieigearies cars aled ee me Dy cae SIMOoY ST 109TV
an Gr ASD COHN
a pet aa es Sep T roiy:
pee Sa |p seg see aeonee aseoes| das ny aoa ond Vi
“7 "soqnUlU Moy Vy
--Imoy ¢ uUBYY sso]
aS ASSES eat Fe Riel ai Stestel ee (cig Sie) See) <8) ape peigial aie eae teas ii n'a Aep [ Jay
Bes sABDP § YJUOU T
--"sABD QT SYQUOUL g
|
|
|
|
|
~-sABp OT SYQUOUL TT |
Spas Aep WQUuINn
*AIOATLOD
alojeq YU pey
SABD [BIOAVS LOT
“"-"s9qynulul Moy VW
“*pityo 19478
SqUSUIOUL Moy VW
Tieear Sekoge uoos AIO A
eae eA ivi (CIM ey cS = Nake ew 2 Avp T 1augV
Bd ch Agha i eed een ain ela | ake Saoe ee | (EL oe ck a RP ee Le SInoYy OT 109 Vv
*s010U SNOoUTTADSTIL
*prryo eyy
Jo a8 ‘yo JOU JT
*AIOATTOP
I9q]B
syyuoy
“m0T1e
-Nijsuoul Jo vouviveddeay |
—sUllqueoul
UdATS JURJUT
|
|
—oesinu
0} UISeq PINOD
|----seqnUTUL Mey y
|
—uey A peyjedxo
|
|
| BY{UVOBI I
|
aie aca sinoqd fF
gel ae SInoy ST
th an Me Inoy T
[henge sinoy ZI
sige fehe SInOoy $Z
oie anoy [
“yystu
T pue skep %
Sera ooo co tose Gos roy ea eno Oats Goer Jed BO mre amc OO nel mr OOO On Moa mO Moe ECO s rh oon eodn BaGer Ec [atotats iatais simoy §
“-"sinoy Z 09 T
Seen sinoy ZI
‘sq q stu
€ puv sAep F
wile =: SINOY 77
*sinoy 8
aaa sainoy OT
Spates SInoy Z
BeGusteier sInoy ¢
*1OQRT
jo uoleing
paOpe= a eeps 771 GT.
“eye |-*" Op--"*) ST
/ eeureg |" op: FT
ifeickei= VW ~"puodeg | ET
| 10 Dein te OD ins a
[ODS a) 00m sci
eyeureg |" op"*""| OT
“918 |"-- Op---"| 6
-ejeuleg |--° Op---7] 8
Perle Ne amo ag: ie
ORK aiaes op} 9
PODreallinn op-"""|¢
|
- a] BUILT ler O DES: p
Camis ts
ale
[ieee LEI “"* sity | T
‘pio |.
vos | BRR | 2s
N
NYUATIHO TVOCIAICGNI :‘AHOVdV SOTUVD NVS
sasuayy £WoiDjID'T—sa]OU IL}a18qQ
SaTaVil TIVLad
.
67
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
]
HRDLICKA
“qystu [119 | |
SUMIOUL WOT P[TYO YQUIM YQIM IOqGVy “7777777 7- SUPUOUMP ps ore e ae | ies pia he te Cis a aes ie (ig eee ceca Wea ieceoe sie 2 aie ase, o's |S fcse/evacets SUMO) Zal paakO Deak O Pike
= s SABDIZ ISU IUOULO) || a ses og Sea a ae ears nas Avp § uy Ay | "seynuru Moy BUT |----"**° anoy T |-~* op-**-|"* yuey,
| ‘soun i
aalctcate native rine sia helenae Siig a ae eee ee oT MONG UT IT Aa SIMOUIAaNOC ys |aos OTC VE mena UUNT S|
“doqs 04
qyuBM JOU PIP UO IOpjoO {aul} oUrRS |
UBHUGTP [UD HLOg, JO 5OMI | ASIN: COU OMe os tee ey en ei reo eke po Pisa salsa ris sarc Sioimate icieleeiaie ie) iste orcas ailicies PItyo 1eqyeysne |---- "°° smoy 9 |**" op---*|}> YqsIg
JOSEISUAG} 9) (Wai SE Ao Co\n0n | PORES eee BESS SES 2S aaC aun or Sec SoOaosu pee s5) bobo 0br nce bh ionaaes||annocic sinoy g |-°* op---*|--> WaT
“eyueor|d Jo ATeAlep |
PIERO SU PLOY POST WellO Mes MICO Eye AED) Gi SUIO UL [ipelllaos vc aes stall noes a nin Sa ve ie alate careers cleerton | = nite sinoy ¢ynoqy |--"--- SsmMoy CT |" eeulagq |-"* op-**-
| “10VBM YT | e
| aomnt [Boseul 973 |
| -U] B ‘197RM PUB “$74 8Tu
“AI1VAOS JOU NG ‘BuO, 10GeRT | Se eae ebay L ainoy yo dnos ulqy, |"---"* skep ¢ Joy | “inoy~uvyyssoyT | g puv sAvp Z |--- op---*|--- op---*
[ecetecee ees SUELO LIN Gs |e ast a [cana [PUL §,ANO0) {2-759 > SAP 6 103} V |° °° “soynuTUT-Mey y |----7*° SUMO HEY ILL Gy ojoVOIR2> (0) 9)205°
ees elke elo eT AGM aia Cay al Canes Coma TES le ect een ph ora ae SIH favo loca ne eap oe a GUT aXOl |
Wana iseeiae ein ae vl 9 Ptr reterescecerecsceleceeceseetereseeeres|seecseeceerseseseeels-sganog 03g [occ opre tls opts:
weyais eee Seni sness tases g Wtotnec tees encet ese e|eee sere ee reecececteeledessersteeserseeees[eseeeeesmoy y [oe op-t-'|-* opt"
*(9TGBq JxoU ,,‘SOT[IUIV] UT,, “SUJUOUL eT ul ‘Aouvu |
99S) SUOISSTULIOJUT YIM ‘eIeAes IOqey -Seid jxeu dIOJeq SesusUI ON | Cas seg BOT Re ees eta a Seg ey eer oe OL skvp ere nO Dna
“ut “d Of°01 | |
10 OT 07 ‘urd g ‘pyIyo puodes YYIM IOGBYy 77 TACO CLL eet leceschaceinee rar anaes ea ea SINOY OF Jo |" “Sey Mey V |" “sanoy FT 09 T |* a[BuIE |--- Op7---
seg ge SANG DiC PUL O ULL tase aaa shah i aterm eel | opr es aisle Birate ie ecies per BoCRO Aap Sa Rc oe OoC SIMO OT ae OD ewan palm L
‘pazAyered Ayyeied poureurer
‘asIB[ SBM P[ITyO ‘uoW4Rqueseld prey | | | |
‘peulioy TAA eyJOUL ‘poIp AlIveu | ‘sqystu
‘A19AOS AIOA SBM LOGP] SOABYOJ IOYIOIW | pide caters soos wake bie RC IC) NCE OI a ie gorge aces peice lac fie er relecheacroar as @ pus step ¢ |-=20p:7-s43: (Oy 2295
[nero reece ect tees teres eee eee ees Vekabetegetehe falas Cormiet oh oiaic JESS RuRin Soa EbRE Seep dod cr OL oHo sono nance. sainoy $1 ++ op BaBo ere OD as
UI SOO iT ON ei MO eo eo Pn SACS Sars 5 eal Hein Cro Oe cae (ie ols Sues grag ae eal ase TEL OUR Cy esas OyoPQ" se. OD was
JOR is PRD AB ORS Geo OU och eect Ob ar acu coumedeces Wesepemeer as ee see See Sece =) aoe oseea est Seen OUNy esc Ol ON |v" opto
pO ROSE Menara |S oRuacAcoaG aon cncnce Wemuateerae gs IRS VEC Cred Stcparode: ““-sanoy 607g ~ efeuleg |--* op----
ve
ee
1é
0€
&%
oc
ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
BUREAU OF AMERICAN
68
‘sAep g rdiye yun - | | | |
aU 9Nq peyxtoM ‘sABp F SIOOPUT pleyg |---- 7 - suqoM 6 | Sheesh Saal ee > para RUS NOG) ete shep 6 Joyy |" -"seynurur Moy W --7 777 - sinoy g |""* Op**~*|" WaINog | gz
*[BULIOU U0TY | | |
-isod ynq ‘aB1v[ SBA pTIya ‘ut0g seM | |
pltyo weayM MOUY you pip ‘snotwsu0d | | |
-UN 9UrBd_q JSP PAIBMOJX ‘Suo0, AIBA “syjuoUr CT ul ‘AouvU | | Vv
TOMMANGMESOISSTULLO TUL OLONOS LOCA, |\n-oOld FXO OLOTSq| SOSWOUN (ON fi sse cms sec eee ss )e|n ime Gaur mmee ne eur eelnee oreo) ne semanas | Ge et corks SAG Di = 5) O Dine aol a LL ale
ae tne i ela aie a Aca ial ana iO Hl aaer hae eG Raia kes TE BNC 3 lee tageieae Gait S lesen aera ae Tae OURpy aan OGG ie DLOOO a ROT
*Y]TUI S,M09 WO SABMTRB poy |
pryo ‘Avp YYW} IO YIU sLOJoK
TO AQUEH [Ue OOS OULEOIS AE MIGKGTULOOG [lea |e sao sie Mais ae nah he [tue coe ea ys eg ee CR eg aia le rama lg aG | Se iia aa aod sInoy ZO} ~avuIay ~~~ 4SIIA | 6
SHITINVA Ad :‘HHOVdV SOTUVO NVS
ee ee ee ee eee IBvah T BRS Fh te Paraiso ate |e ee Bete ge nara 4a lag ay once anes aia ats lee Pale eae ae pia linn gh eat a |
con onvencdc sosenceaass 8 4 ae ae koe Ree ea ee pine ee ce Wes eee a
HO SoCo CROCS ZI BARE ers ees parte ee eres oan Rue ged ee Siac
Bee oe oae a1 Pagar Get eo ee es era ae eae cea
|o------ ee eee eee eee Ol 00 tittrttettettrtttes: |= wwe cee cere cece eel one e eee w eee ee eens es (pee el ae gag
[Soeekis sea See apaaee te Fl 0 cert tettestesces Jose terete sees eee ose aa reer aan PB ac eePauebener a5 exo eos
heen Oe aetc coset eats 9 ee Sale chee rere ctatnalloe Seite eee ce leiters le Bige Sy saeeees Seer ae hale isee sete Soe lepapinrsaee
ee ee SAB DIG Tinh COVA TA ce meet ene | aria oie cis ogee es ar 7c a ecagerieg ar aki ch ge cnc ai Sic aA lat ade msc aa =
FaHEPOSenrAneHe anes ee ! BIRDS oes o ese eel) Gc gc So a G00 anrcf soc Oe ob oa. beer ee ao Sri io NOU. cao rh
| | |
|= —- = a SS
pry oua Beg | |
jo ode ‘yoh you JT | , - a nan . ; lx.
: ae yQuoyy dUIIU ROUT osinu ucYM poledxe IOQ®] re pga |.
BOTOU SHOeUe OOS TN. UeATS JURTUT 0} ulgeq pmnog BUI jo uwoeang aS yorum | ON
“m01e
-nijsuoul Jo vouviveddvay
aTIHD V dO HLYIG GAHL YALAY NOILVOAYLSNAW AO AONVUVAddVAY OL SV VLIVG TVNOILIGGY
ponuuojN—-NYUdATIHO TVOACGIAIGNI -‘d@HOVdV SOTUVO NVS
ponunu0j—sasuagy £u0217D}90'T—sa}]0U 90192)18QQ
penutydo)—_SaTaVl TIVLad
ry)
6
RVATIONS
~
wy)
OBST
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAT
HRDLICKA]
‘SUIUOUL g ynOgB !ApvBeITB 4190) UOT] [TB pVy PITYO a
tT YOIS sea {Buysnvyxe ‘suol I0OqByT
‘UBTOM Io
“SUJUOUL FT NOG’ {ATV OF UBZeq PTIYO Woy AA v
F
ae Mearae iad So ae hee oe £ -Yjoue Aq pesInN | * Avp YANO ~~~“ seynurur Moy V ier ae SiInoy F \eanese eV SI FAL
[iste aia eae age alr =e ital ala not ane as |e seca ks Eres Nae tC lita aed 5 Na | ek ae S1INOY G eeeclIN. Pon) en mead eT,
| po aacaane aa mae ene | | 7 en eS econ oR ac gM Rani macgt Opie ae) ete a SogNulUL Moy WY |" *"” simoy 9 PSS@ press es 3) eae ()
| Se ti NE AG i a A a a a et arte ABP pINL |**1noy § uvyysso’y lie “->" sinoy ¢ |nace@yaooe Se BOOS LAU 1
\ieretdee aie aie cas aaa Ck Te eae are gos as a tape a ae eS (Qos Moy T inoqy |" eeuaq | --op---"| g
| “moy si
SS Ba pee cea ho hli ie m g| Og Sie Dean is ae Sek | He ats sinoy9u[ ~°*""""-uoos AloA | T UBYyy sso’T I- “"Op°-" "|" "puodag | 2
"Id]JB SYooM *s7ysiu
Bch hie ceed em ee ease lepers panacea ee MT oa cup > Scat age aa Forge ea eerie oa | € pue skp 7 | 8IBW | Op" *- "| 9
| | , | ‘sqysyu
‘aloaes ATOA 40 ynq ‘BuO, TOqBTT | ----- | OL |" [UE pesuepuopH | -- ~*~ ~~ INGTON AEDES) IB Oe inoy } | Z puw sdkvp ¢ | ofvuleg | -op*--| ¢
gs teach ie acts Ma hea ae al rah Series Se rapt aie enero ng heeteadl ices (QRS | eipatacike SIMOUIR |; oO Pines ss O Diseaalay,
Screg abet ey haarchon gs a |F lala ee SL [LUE SAN OG) | ame nA NUL O fun linemen a ne OD ane ea a SST OTEGal emcicro] CTA (eam Deca |
| | | ‘UL Jos IOG |
| | | “RL oxojoq STE
[Pena ts “ee 9 anaraine ak Sac SMA ar pey--uoos AloA | seqnuyur BO Te Wall panes sinoy 9 |" a[Buleq |°- "Op" -*| Z
Ate gate pci hela ae atte 7" "HITE pasuepuo) SISOS TYNE O) ASMA [Pee PAO Fe OSI OS ESAS SHALL | oes eNAWE || oo asmaEr |} 4
NAY TINO TVOACIAICNI :VWId
ae OR ee 9 BN iS a fa NN ara Se PBT Sd ANOLE MUON WEA PALO] OOS | PO ONAN AT, 0G
Recipe eS 1 iat T pasar Rona |e ee ete Wao lle teen ty kh PAA SE RE oA A tls Bao thee ada eS sinoy J |" aby "-“pucosag ST$a
WS ekg reps seas eR Pe eared | agin acs iS lle toe oe Pa gare rg es acca dele a ais a Ae sAep Z% | o[vulag |--* ASAT | OT
Repapeeaswen gc Criaiiee Gn beha sas sso ycads eG att ines aero Sa asd eee Sou ciuahe alae a Sols sinoy J |----8TBW |“ PAMUL | ez
feb tee Meee pico seek «ga. (ea ane Soe a ere | ror em gas ialip hare r aa any peer arp SIMOY § 07 |" e[BUIEy |- :puodeg pla
pent NS Ee SEG tire ae | ee aes ia eas baie ee at > Sra linc r-o, Vn eae heme eg cae ene ini Wine Pants nn mre ieee) ) COROT RM wmat(O) Oh Heard han) the Pally |
OSKBD GU) SUACOUL UE = cma cmsipame Ty een alco EAE ULL QIANG | rea ce ODay ieoqag ce Inog Ty |--- op: ---|-- qyuey, a
iets ba vend ea ube Pe RS se Se COOSA CseubquogqoanCaricnege (frou niaeleny, TPOS“Gyca NE io osanhende, |) AND)
hese ogee ice Co ie te a ar ahaa aa Smeak “ED | eed ane er ear (em PITY 10778 YSN | -- sInoy yg - eeUlag ~ YYYSIA ze
estaeemae "are om i= or Peace ey tag ae Sollee eInoy ST Ieypy ~~ 7" Gano) Oe bee or soy gI /“*" op**** *“puoaag Me
2S Se are ay ok age aaa ah he V8 (parm ns gaa ee k= ee a INCE) TSHR, POMS oe grcBeaies eee OUG a aon OD aecaliaie qsitg | 2 |
[BULL. 34
ETH NOLOGY
OF AMERICAN
BUREAU
N~
| sAep 72, syjyuOug |>---- "~~~ 9afJOd Yovyq HBA
‘TOPE
Cede ge CALS SUQUOUL 2 95529 °55- | WIS, «OTA. ATT
‘sq.UOUL 9 ynog*B AouRUseId Mou ‘su
“ABP YAXIS [119 .. AIP,,
SisBoiq faaAes ATA JOU ING ‘SUOT LOGBT
“ABP J[BY-ouo pouTeUL
-31 BjusoR[d plTyo puodes 104 YJIM
“qUslt
[[® Mou ‘sABp ¢ TOF yNOGB O8 You p[nog
v |
sABp Gaye leseac a teeta ka |
¢ syjuour QT 1BdA T}, 2H
|
|
*$910U SNOOUPBT[VOSIPY
“--sBp OT syquoUr ¢ fee erator ana YIU Ss ,MOC |
Se sBABDAOGESUTMOUL Oils) ce cgels - HUI pesuopuoy
edo ASPNGED OCEYIESILO GOK GRO ONCE Nica ee Stan PSE rule ORS SSS |
if
wlataletelahy) =i: slei= (Piste: sinrat= atsile Om ciete tr poy fa ies icp oioes Src oc
eh cates yjuoul [ | °°" "* "|" “x TUT pasuspuog
She AVR Dis GTS UOC OLLI: Qe linens a naceaci | nee ay Y[IW s,MOd
Eile seien tne aar eames FI Ae a Mek sce nae aa ee
ee es sABp ¢ sed Hariaden| ane anoanaeerise names
\epamnen SAU TON CANS UT ICC) CUT | nna cana neha a aa
Bea ree an Se eer ZI Rose woeeuen Reece
_ “£r0AH ep | P
Se DIUSouy aqye
jo 038 "9904 40u JI syquoyy | —9sullqUuBeul
Sa is | weals queyuy
“UOTYR |
-nijsuour Jo vouvrvedd bay
poke cag SIMO OS) (tees pe LOOSPATON leane = SiN OU §) | nOP eres OD a enal 10z
| |
peerings SINOY OZ |" ed0U0 4B 4AsOUITY ~~" ""- -MOUT | --o[BW | -Op- ~~) GZ
: F -qqanog |
eee i fs Soke | “anoy | UBYssoT ““" ~~ “simoy FZ Paeee ah sl ve
| op | 86
*(sanoy OF) ABp
puodes JO pua JV “seynuIU GT JNOqGY ~--sMoyZO1T “Oop "|" "op *7*. Zz
oe ees eo ABP WBXIg | soyNUIWOT INOqy |°-**---*sdep F | efeureg |---op----| Tz
|
Feta ae te oo Ska oak a | a SOJNUIU OT |" ~~“ “sanoy Zt |" “aVy |" ° “Op -* "| 02
ea bee sInoy GT |" “Inoy;uBvyyssey ~~-"--“sinoy g |" eeueg |---op--~*| 6T
Bn eis sInoy gZ |soyNUIULGT yNOqYW | -----sanoy og |°"*-eTBW |°*"Op****| ST
aay OR ABP UIT | ys aSS UNI Case = SSeS IMO Ui ia gODs ds aes eODs awels AE
jean anes sinoy OL |seqnumm ¢ uma”, |----*-**anoyT |---op*-**|-*-op----| oF
“(LOqB] OF
dn pyryo 10ur10fJ | |
pasinu) woos Alo A. pce Mane ists SInoy IT | o[Bulay |--"Op--~*| eT
ta sae AB DAO Vii ae Manes tee sae ess me SIUOULCGH ly ae O[BING| ae sD LIU seh
| “pry | |
"""sInoYy ¢ WIGIIA | oN} ToRye ysne |---->-- sinoy ¢ |* o[BUI8g =~“ puodeg | ET
—asinu — Wey poTjedxa *IOGRT act ‘PITGO | on
0} UlZeq pnog BUILT I jo uolRing . Ss Oy AA N
penunwoj—-NAUGATIHO TYOCIAICNI :-VWId
ponuluo,)—sasuayy £W0rppJOV'T—89]OU 91.192]8QCQ)
penunuo)—SaTaVil TIVLAG
ins
(fal
AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
PHYSIOLOGICAL
KA]
c
HRDLI
“ABP YYXIs oy [UN ,, AIP ,, p[tyo ATVAe
YIM sjsBorq ‘pry oys (g) plo AreAa
WIM olaAes AIOA Jou ynq ‘suo, 10qR’T
*Aouvuseid MON v
‘sso, 10 NOY % UII ‘TTB WIM
WOOs ourRO BAUR {TTB YIM SABD FOF
€ poABlop Os[R SUIsIMU {UoIpIYd 190Y [[B
YILM snyy faleAes you ynq ‘BuO, 10qR’T
‘sep ¢ JOUR TI} HIT ySsnous you pry]
*‘SoqNUTUL OT WEY Sse UI yNO
aulBd SABATR BJUDRId ‘peysiqeyiso s!
Y[MUL JO MOY vloyeq sABp F 07 g SABATY
|
FB AC Ek spiel Sacra |e
bem sar es hice pts eve eae | ¥
|---sAep 0g suymourg |---7---->-
| e(w.oi ble. eels aiala:e sisieinis [ate ars | rat
|
MNO crac eS See See |e aeeawe ae
|--sSep 0g sujuourzg |-------7 7"
|
>-sX"p 21 suquour y |------- ~~~
[ame eoe Ga: ics Sekl| a -2 see
cic Cady pate SABDIST neha seas
|
|
Se SB Pe are ie
| ‘URTIOM Jo
| -qqoue Aq posinn lege ees“ (ODieetans ice iat bas a sea OD espe er aan sinoy fF |°°“Op--°"|""puodeg | TIrg
Acces YUL s, MOQ ----*- ABP YANO |" *“soyNUTUE Moy YW |°°-" “SIMO G |°--- OTB |" ~~ IsITA | §
|
gg ee > OP lps ett OD i 2: | SOINTIUL OMINOG VW | sisres wAepIP -=-op--+-|---paryg, tall
|"* [TUL posuepuog |**--- >> Awp yyXig |" -anoy § urgyTM | 7 7 skep g |" o[Bulag [7 ~~ 4sdIy | ¢ ly
SHITINVA Ad :-VWId
“(LOqeT [1QUN | |
pry surpoooid |
BS ag spears posint) uoos AIO A. [PUES bee coute pobatice ae SAN OUlG | esOTB Ny ina O Di aa me
Se Sada RRS | [nah SVN Oird ARNE aa SO SSO EROS IASON BOSS SO AMON CA | sop": |* Tat ce
sqyst |
** ¥[IW pasuapuoy |--- ~*~ GHA poyR Reh ig IO RECO SSA SOS SG kan Z pus skep ¢ |°--op---"|---op-*-"| ge
| *(sanoy OT ynoqe | | il
Raich ay te lect: ae (UT) )) AVG Di OFCUIB IS em eas a ODe te sane rome ODE ges OSUO Ts ato STS Ree
eS HTS; MOON | oas eA BP UMNO l|mas eee sae OPeee asle aa Re IMOUM Alam Ola rile amc TT as ee
Pantin 6s a7 Maren Ceaee lee y a8 ge sinoy ZI |°** soynura Moy y |"°"*"*“sanoy Pp |" o[euteg |---op"*~"| T¢
Ban aaa eer (inne ee ABD [LOM T Wa line cei Seen OOS ALLOY al oiaa a iciene EEL O Uli Seis laine] Of )e mee ial ianicnar © [Osaemens |)
eS ae YIU S,MOD | -*--skBp 7 JON W |°°“soynuTUT OT 09 g |" ‘sanoy 2 019 |" "Op" -*"|" "Op" *~*| 6
‘soyn
Bee ides erate aera see ie ann aS sinoy 0% | -UTUL OT Uey4 ssoT | -"-- "Op" *>-*)" 7" OTB | Op" *- 7] 8a
“(prrqo sno
-lAo1d 8 SUISINU
you) Uloqd SBA :
PIiqo WoyM ATTar :
aE ce VONEAUE” BiodoXo)s> LAU UE eee ae SOO aA MONICA ee yEAOPRIOE Wee ONO” || kA
[BULL. 34
AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
OF
BUREAU
72
“Aouvusoid MON v
nN | noy ? uvyy | | op yqino F | 174
‘SAB DICH 9 er Cie ce ks le oe seca reiier ce RM AE Pe ma fu eee ai lead O Diae anc bes
su syjuol OT Ios i 2 | | SSo[ UTYFIA ee eee re. e[euey |" Op -”” ‘| ral 2
Pag orp ae ae “yqUuOUIT |--~~~~*-~"|"* "¥]TUL pasuapuog ee "777" ""sinoy 8Z | seynuyurey ynoqy |"""""~sinoy OZ |" -"" eTeW pa oe
ee Sa Tee MWe ee al phe tee eee ate sho) al ees sanoy ¢ UIJIM |** pllyo 109ye ysn |--- sanoy ¢ |°"-Op*~**|*"puooag | et}
| | *(sinoy |
| “oF qnoqe) Aep | | ;
~--sABp OT syQuoUr¢ Fem Neat pe MUL Ss, MOD | puoses JO pus 1V |°seynuUIUI Gy, ynoqy |°*"sinoy zo], * o[Buleg |° ~~ pIIQy | (ee
pie immite sein iciz/atcys/atotcr a ichr)am a amass ia oie on |(S ease eh Riese gar tran clea ICS mien caret im step celia il ehh sth i ateoe is a (eo sinoy Z |~"" Op"""*|" “*puovag | IT
SP OET TANTS OSTEMESH (RUC OND DUC aha > Sra eee a alia ale ara ah aioe | acai En et SoYNUIM OT UIIIM | 777” sinoy ZI |" ofPW | "PAL | 02
Reaper se ere iS ee masse FI Fe ee eT IS aH al stator ACH 0} Or Sal ee mata aie Sa AVONG (NCS). |r Cs) (CAREC Rlle: | OLUCOME ST -MhiCOyt
‘soyn | ;
rroig tietsis tis aaasie miele sia stay ot 9 OO GEOR REO IO ISSR S SSR OOP rIE Dregs SSE Ao quand AMepeneh an gui Gy |p emm= o hia cona Tepe |e KOpgIe OOS Saka AE heyy
“10qBI |
GUSH LOB, aRSAM EH ofsPi RSM NI DiS) Jp SYN der || RRO SE LES IN a at beatae le a a a el Uae ee it SATO UG Tae Bae el eS So ee Ee sinoy 9 |""""98[BW |" PAT | 61
PDILUDMOLATONTTO PRL OTB jalll OUT (UO ULO ieee Racal acctcete aces pct Oetker cries cay erage a Peta a ainda! aif i> IIR akess SSI oe a teal ae cag sinoy € |" “Op~ ~~ "|" “~puoves | 6 >
WVU} SSO] UIUAIA TTR UIIM ByUCORld SAwp fiji seeps tae a aa ag aise aie fy Mica aai Oa Oy Sak (ken 2s ee ge ae el apr sAep f |° o[vulog |" ~~ 4siIy | 9
pity ey} [UN [Tur Ysnoue you pey{
*AIOAITO
jo age o4 40u Jon || ‘Tout F eum adxa “10Q¥B *prrgo
po Dalene MN) goa quejuy | oxuigoq pinoy | viueottg | ouonting | 8 | yorum | “ON
“UO11B | |
-nijsueuml JO vouvivedd vay | Py |
penulyuojO—SaTTINVA Ad -VWId
ponunuoj—sasuapy £W017D,9D'T—S89}0U 92.199789Q
penulyuo)—SaTaVL: TIVLad
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 13
EARLY ATTENTION TO THE INFANT: NURSING AND FEEDING
The treatment of the newborn child among the Indians herein
dealt with, so far as it is of physiological or medical interest, is every-
where quite simple. After being cut and tied, the cord is wrapped
in a piece of fabric or, in some instances, simply laid upon the abdo-
men. A bandage is sometimes placed about the child’s abdomen.
The infant is taken in charge by the grandmother or another old
woman, and is then washed or rubbed, in some tribes given a taste of
a sacred food or drink, and laid to sleep at first on bedding and later
on a cradle board. As soon as the mother’s flow of milk commences
the child is nursed. No difference was found anywhere between the
manner of nursing or feeding the male and the female infant.
With the Apache newborn infant the cord is usually tied an inch
or a little more from the body and then cut about the same distance
farther away. But little or no wrapping is used. In four or five days,
if all goes well, the cord falls off. The child is then cleansed somewhat
or washed with warm water.
About San Carlos, in families in which the old customs still prevail,
the child receives its first thorough bathing after four days have passed
and is then taken out of doors for the first time, this course being pur-
sued especially with the first child. A woman recently confined, on
being asked why she did not wash or take out her baby until after
four days, could give no reason other than that in case of the first
child the old folk make the mother wait so long. One San Carlos
woman told the writer that her babies when born were washed with
warm water as soon as it could be made ready. In some instances
the children were washed by a woman attendant and in others by the
mother herself. At first the child is laid in a warm bed improvised
from old clothing, but it is put into the cradle as soon as the latter is
made, usually during the first or second day. In no case do the
women put anything into the water in which they wash the babies.
A Tonto Apache mother of nine children said that her infants were
washed with warm water soon after birth. Among this tribe the cord
is tied with a clean string about an inch from the body and covered
with some of the ‘‘cotton”’ and powder of the root of a certain plant
(me-tci-da-al-tso, Perezia wrightii), which make it heal quickly. If
soreness develops more of the same root is applied. In a day or two
a cradle board is made on which the babe is placed. Among the San
Carlos people ashes or clay are never used in cleaning the newborn
child. With the more careful mothers infants are washed daily, or
nearly every day.
Among the Mescalero Apache the cord is tied about 14 or 2 inches
from the body and then cut. The cradle board is made after the birth
of the child, which is laid thereon the second or third day.
74 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Among the Jicarilla Apache the cord is tied and cut much as among
the whites. It is then wrapped in rags and the child is incased in a
goatskin. After four days the infant is taken out of the skin and
given its first bath.
Among the Lipan the cord is tied about 14 inches, and is cut about
4 inches, from the body. Ordinarily nothing is applied to the end,
but should it become sore horse excrement is burned and used as a
remedy. When the cord is attended to and the child is cleansed
somewhat with warm water, it is held in turn to the four points of the
compass; then it is wrapped in some old soft cloth and laid on a skin
or bedding spread over weeds known as f¢lo-til-spai. In former times
the toilet cf the newborn infant, after the cord was tied, consisted of
a simple washing with warm water, which was brought in the horn of a
buffalo. The baby’s bed was always made over some of the ¢lo-ti-
spai. The mother was not allowed to nurse the infant for at least
two days.
The Navaho tie the cord about 14 inches from the body and cut
it at a somewhat greater distance, much as among the Apache; the
remaining part of the cord is usually allowed (at least in some parts
of the reservation) to lie on the skin without any covering, unless
soreness Is apparent. :
Among the Hopi the cord is cut and tied. The child is washed
with a little luke-warm water or soapsuds (made from the soap-weed)
and then the skin is rubbed all over with wood ashes. Occasionally
a whitish clay is also used for the rubbing.t | The washing and rub-
bing are repeated daily until the skin is sufficiently clean. This is
the practice in a few other pueblos also. At Laguna, according to the
writer’s informant in the village, only the clay is used. The Zuni
cut and tie the cord and use soapsuds and ashes, in 2 manner similar
to the Hopi.’
The Pima generally cut the cord about 14 inches from the body
(the women indicate the breadth of three fingers), and then tie it.
Further attentions to the infant are as follows: It is carefully handled,
washed with warm water as soon as possible, wrapped in something
warm, and placed on a little bedding on the ground or ina bed. Ifa
cradle is obtained or made, which is not frequently the case, this is
used for several days only until the baby is stronger, after which the
usual swing is prepared for it. To prevent soreness of the cord the
Pima apply powdered bark of the mesquite, finely ground red pigment,
probably ocher, pulverized dry grease wood (Covillea tridentata)
mixed with fine dry mud from the river, or the dry spores of a little
puffball fungus, a-te (“carries-earth-on-head,’ Tylostoma). Occa-
aCompare H. R. Voth, Oraibi Natal Customs and Ceremonies, Field Columbian Museum Publica-
tions, Anthropological serics, VI, no. 2, Chicago, 1905.
bCompare Mrs. M. C. Stevenson’s accounts in publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 75
sionally the navel becomes sore, but heals under these applications.
A band is put around the child’s abdomen, the extremity of the
cord is laid on it, and another band then passed over it. If the
mother can not nurse the infant soon,it is fed on a little pinole
and water or diluted milk. No teas or medicines are given and no
clay or ashes is used.
Among the Papago some tie the cord, others cut it within 2 inches
of the body and then apply live coals or a burning stick to stop
the bleeding. In the latter case there is no tying.- The northern
Papago have no cradle boards. After being washed, the newborn
child is put on a bed made of blankets or cloth and kept there until
two or three weeks old. After that it is put into the hammock, which
is hike that used among the Pima.?
Among the Maricopa the cord is cut and tied. Cradle boards,
much like those found among the Apache, are in general use in this
tribe.
Among the Mohave the cord is squeezed out so that “no blood
remains inside,” and then tied and cut off about 14 or 2 inches from
the abdomen. It is covered or wrapped a little and generally falls
off in a few days without trouble. The child is washed in warm water
as soon as possible and is then rubbed with hot sand. There is no
rubbing with ashes.
Among the Tarahumare the medicine-man ‘“cures’”’ the cord; after
cutting the cord he ties it, and applies a covering of palo santo. The
body of the newborn infant is rubbed with sour liquid called
““mancha.”’
Among the Opata the cord is tied with a piece of calico or cloth, about
6 to 8 inches from the body, and is then cut. A rag is wrapped around
the cord, which is allowed to fall down between the legs, after being
further protected by a bandage. There is no washing. When a child
is barn the common custom is to wipe it with a dry cloth. Assoon as
the child is dressed it is applied to the breast. If it does not nurse it is
taken away and given manzanilla (camomile) tea. In many cases after
the child receives the first attentions its head is thrown back, or it is
held up by the feet, and the midwife applies the ball of the thumb to
the roof of the mouth, pressing it up with considerable force. This
treatment is called “palidar”’ (forcing up the palate); it is for the
purpose of raising the ‘‘mollera” or ‘‘mojera’”’ (anterior fontanel).
Falling of the mojera is supposed to be a very common complaint of
childhood, and sometimes older people also are afflicted with the
same trouble.
Among most of the remaining Mexican tribes opportunities to
obtain details on the various points under consideration were lacking.
a The name of the babe is selected by an old man, so that the child may live as long as the latter.
76 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
The nursing® of the infant presents one characteristic feature,
found among all the tribes visited: It is generally prolonged much
beyond the period customary among the whites. Nursing is begun
from within a few hours to several days after confinement, according
to the flow of milk, and, unless a new pregnancy intervenes, the
infant is not wholly weaned until 2, 3, or even 4 or more years old.
The reasons usually assigned for this custom are that “it is good for
the infant,” “it makes the child strong and healthy,” ‘it wants it,”
and ‘‘does not want to give up.”’ There are rare instances in which
a mother nurses the newly arrived infant as well as the last preceding
child. The infant does not live exclusively, however, on the mother’s
milk, except during the first three to eight months; after this stage,
which differs in duration with the various. tribes and with cireum-
stances, it receives in addition more or less of the food forming the
diet of the mother.
The Indian woman, particularly in the uncivilized tribes, has gen-
erally breasts of but moderate size, which produce a fair but not an
unusual quantity of milk. A few instances were learned of in every
tribe in which the secretion was insufficient, but such cases are rarer
than among the whites of the larger cities. When the child can not
be nursed by the mother recourse is had to goat’s or cow’s milk, it
may be fed on what the people consider light diet, or another woman
may nurse it. When a new pregnancy supervenes nursing is usually
stopped, although, as mentioned above, there are exceptions to this
custom. After they get teeth and run about some children wean
spontaneously; in other cases the woman must absent herself for
a time or apply some substance to her nipples, the bad taste of
which does away with the child’s desire to nurse. In some of the
tribes included in the writer’s researches the beginning of nursing is
purposely somewhat delayed on account of peculiar notions of the
people.
Details —For the first five or six months the Apache baby gets
only mother’s milk; later on it receives a little food of any kind
eaten by the mother. The nursing is continued until after the child
walks, unless there is a new pregnancy; but even the latter does not
always cause an interruption. The ordinary method of weaning a
child is to put a little red pepper on the nipples. If the mother has
milk very soon after confinement, she begins to nurse the baby when
it commences to cry; in some cases, however, she delays “until the
baby’s mouth gets all clean.” If milk does not appear promptly,
the child gets nothing for about a day, and it is then fed on milk or
something else that is not ‘‘strong.’’ The results of special inquiry
as to the appearance in different women of milk sufficient for nursing
a See also notes on pp. 66 et seq.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 17
and the substances on which the child is fed when lactation is delayed
are here summarized : 4
San Carlos Apache
Woman could begin to nurse after birth of
Grist Child fed meantime on—
One very soon, had milk before delivery ...........
One within one-half day (about 6 hours) ........... |
One after a night (about 10 hours).................
COnIGranternlGNOUNS sce sae ot jase ce ew iaee eee ceases
One iter ise NOMESR asc naacemnceeccet ace cae wsetceneabe
MMreearwor 24 NOULS a. - So cee citecm Aan cowakiwiss Saree es
Wrremiiteceo NOUTS2 ae ae ote Soto ce ca sense Seca cee ——
(ONT S) HTLTSy Oe Se Is A eee ry ag Thin soup of flour and water and a little meseal
juice with water.
CNA iben SOVOTANG AV Ss s5 Myst os JS kes aa Weak coffee.
Three (one mother) ninth to tenth day............. Cow’s milk.
It happens only very rarely that an Apache woman after delivery
is permanently without milk or with but little milk. In such a case,
or if the mother dies, » nursing woman among her relatives helps in
caring for the baby, or it is brought up on fresh cow’s milk or on
condensed milk and other liquid diet. The nursing is especially
prolonged when the child has been sick or if it is weak. The Apache
women do not continue to nurse children for long periods with the
aim of preventing by this means new conceptions. If a nursing
woman becomes pregnant anew, in many instances she does not stop
nursing. A few nurse the last preceding baby until the new one is
born, and rarely a mother nurses both children at the same time.
The flow of milk does not seem to stop because of pregnancy.
Among the San Carlos people feeding begins generally about the
time the baby commences to sit up (after the seventh month). At
first the child usually gets something ‘‘light,’’ as coffee, milk, soup,
crackers, tortilla, or fruit. One of the women said that she ‘would
not think of giving the baby anything solid to eat before it could
chew.”’ When the child begins to eat, however, it gets everything
it desires of what can be provided, including even candy. The
earliest case of additional feeding of the nursing infant was recorded
among these Apache in a girl of 83 months, but was almost the rule
among older children (see details in Appendix).
Some of the women among the Mescalero Apache do not begin to
nurse the child until two days after it is born and is ‘cleaned out.”
Among the Hopi a boy was pointed out to the writer who, though
he must have been nearly 5 years old, was still occasionally nursing.
The Zuni infant begins usually to receive articles of diet other than
the mother’s milk after it is 4 months old.
@ From the detail table with the chaptcr on Labor, pp. 66 et seq.
78 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Among the Pima women detailed inquiry as to the appearance of
sufficient milk and the feeding of infants pending its appearance was
made as among the San Carlos Apache, with the following result:
Pima
Women could begin to nurse after birth of child- Child fed meantime on—
Two at once; nursed older child up to the time of labor...............- | a
Mwoationce: nad mull beforecdelivenys 9 seee == eee aan eee ae oe
Omenaiieniaul OURS pee mre ese cre aes era ee eeere | ——
Oneiaiter 6 Nours $3553 ~ See ae re ee eee lo ae oe ere ate -——
Pwo ater IOWOuUTSE asic ws a eee ae Seen eee eee ee ena eee eee —-
Oneratter lS WOUtS = sae as o2 Seon ceo tee orto ee Ce ee a aa ARs, See —-
Onesatter2OMOUTS == css ee eee cre oe ean ne See | A little warm water,
One after:20\ hours: sees eee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee a
Mm WowilverAiday: (Q4HOUrs) es | aa merce oe ees Soe ecto See eee ene se
Onelattenosihours === ee nes eee ee ee een COMET ke
Oneratter s6hourss scat 22-2--- ee 23 | 2 1 ra TG ER Soe coll ee a
NEGRO Ga See teroe Bone cece ee 50 30 40 80.0 13 | 43.0
Hopi: |
JONG iret GES Sar RB RG IES eee 123 | 45 43 25.0 12 27.0
Cinte Wrehre ee aoe ae ee aa Goer PASSE tee Seo Ship 28K Op eer oe Hehe ear
Avi asa eee oe Bsa ae aeaeine Dae | 60 | 30 11 18.0 3 | 10.0
Oe nnaGer Pe UGHOSey oss.c8 css ose os 266 | 30 | 95 36.0 | 6 | 20.0
[ERODE Dak Seer s a eee Ean ee ae ee 50 . BDH eos Sees le] Scat eae | 1 | 3.0
Pima: :
ANGI eS ais 6 Se eens iets a al 53 30 2 Cel eae atc eee oe
(Childrenbesasot ess Sec aee sete een. es 115 144 | 11 9.5 5 3.0
Mnneiame meee te ee a Ny een 40 30 | 3 7.5 2 7.0
Mohave: |
PACHCLIGS Eon ee epoca one ne a ie te see 85 | 41 | 38 45.0 IL 27.0
Ghildisenhe terse bo serae scat ashes 25) | 25 | 2 8.0 1 0
Yuma: leg
ACU Seer ape py SS Se eh P ee FY 29 5 | 16 55. 0 3 | 60. 0
Oiilirentye Ae he en aS | 20 30 | 3 15.0 2 | 7.0
(OOH Aaa Se eRe Sere eee ee 31 Pea eas gee ee LN Ee ai hoes et es Lear ei 9 2
WEIUT SoS a eae eR ie ie 52 | 34 | 6 15 2) 6.0
LY DCs eka oe epee ee eee | 52 | 30 2 4.0 | 1 3.0
THORN OR spe ede Gee een Rees tre | 23 | 10 | 1 | cA On eee cee [ake araeets
Hepeiiianecs 1s fetta a ee oe | 40 TT se eb es «eae eee hg ee ican Cael edi
REDECAIIO sete ses koe ae soc Sete nee Eas CHa ce eg eee 2 TOSS Eeee walls oe eis ee
Elplie lia lppenss set 5952 i0. 24S. e827 -| 29 | 19 3/ 10.0 | 2a 10.5
CORNEA 5352 ae nee on | 53 | 11 | Bb le eeel 5.08 (Senin stl oes Sete L
NGIOUDS Soe a eee ea ae CUR en eee 2 | AN OUIN eee sete et)
ELA TASCOR Ee ae Stee eae ee te aye ee 50 | 30 | 3 6.0 | 2 | 7.0
\QOHO Ss « Ree ne tet TE a Ste ee 62 25 | 1 | PAM 4 eee c= Beason Aeee
ESTERS gs Sel ees Te eae 4 Rs cee | etek a
pin Ibe Ce er eee ieee Sa ae es a 54 31 9 17.0 4 13.0
suo tale MUL erent oo 1,954} 984 429| 22.0 139 u4
i |
84 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
The principal physical effects on the skull of this deformation are
as follows: The antero-posterior cranial diameter is shortened, the
extremes of shortening ranging from a few millimeters to about
3cm. The breadth and height of the skull are augmented, the for-
mer by up to 2 cm., the latter 14cm. The size, capacity, weight, and
thickness seem to be unaffected, or but slightly altered. The vault,
and occasionally also the base, of the skull show. more or less asym-
metry; in a few instances the compression is wholly unilateral (see
fig. 1). The facial bones proper suffer but little, but the orbits are
modified in the more pronounced cases of compression.
The exact effects of the deformation on the brain form and gyra-
tion to a large extent remain still to be determined. Intracranial
casts show mainly a flattening and spreading of the occipital lobes
and a compensatory augmentation or prominence of the part poste-
rior to the central fissure. The majority of the fissures must be
changed more or less in direction.
PHYSIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON CHILDREN
GENERAL
Thorough anatomical, physiological, sensimetric, and psychological
studies of the Indian child are most desirable and promise valuable
results, but thus far contributions to these subjects are very limited.
They consist, in fact, of no more than small series of physical meas-
urements. The writer made it a point, especially during his last
expedition, to inquire into a few particulars of the Indian child’s
development and functions, with the following results.
Indian children of all ages are, as a rule, well nourished; excep-
tions are rare, particularly among nursing infants. Up to the time
they begin to walk the babies spend much time in sleeping, and,
being less subject than white chiJdren to minor digestive and other
disturbances, they are on the average more quiet and less restless.
When they begin running about, they are active at all times of the
day. Their first teeth begin to cut mostly during the sixth month,
and the process is usually accomplished without noticeable difficulty.
The functions of crawling, sitting, and walking manifest themselves
nearly as among whites, though individual peculiarities are met with.
The Indian child is not backward in talking, although he does not
receive quite as much teaching or exercise in this particular as the
white child.
Growing Indian children are plump, and many have very pleasant
features. When at home or alone they are playful; in general, how-
ever, they are somewhat more shy and less demonstrative, exuberant,
or moody than white children. There are comparatively little fight-
ine. little feud, and very little care or prolonged unhappiness among
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 85
them. The school children appear on the average better nourished
than those of the whites. According to the general testimony of the
teachers, and from personal observation, they are easily managed;
but owing to lack of attention at home, they require considerable care
in the matter of cleanliness. Like white children, they manifest an
organic need of abundant and varied physical exercise, without which
their health suffers.
Mentally, as a rule, Indian children appear to possess somewhat
less initiative and to be slightly less bright than white children, ‘but
there are numerous exceptions. They show much natural patience.
They learn well, though more by memory or imitation than by the
exercise of reason. Here, however, there are again exceptions, and
the fact that the Indian children have to learn in a language different
from that in which they are brought up may be largely responsible
for their apparent shortcomings. They are apt in learning English,
and those who are long in school speak it without unusual accent.
Not a few learn more than one language, particularly the languages
of other tribes. They generally make rapid progress in drawing,
music, history, and geography, and were it not for their peculiar ways
of viewing things, acquired from their elders, they would show apti-
tude for natural science; but they find difficulties with grammar,
and especially with higher arithmetic.
The school children, particularly the girls, are by nature fond of
dressing nicely. They are not, in general, quite as demonstratively
affectionate, emotional, impatient, and sentimental as white children
of similar age, and have not yet to the same degree the white child’s
ambitions, but most if not all of these differences are the result of
home training and influence. Really vicious children seem to be un-
known among the Indians here dealt with. The chief transgressions
are untruths, little thefts, and fighting, while among the children
attending school not far from their parents’ homes there is some
truancy. Among the older pupils—those above 16—transgressions
are also comparatively rare, although serious wrongdoing, as insub-
ordination, violence, loss of chastity, and other offenses, now and
then occur. ‘‘Bad habits” (self-abuse) have not been observed
among the Indian school children by any of the teachers or matrons
questioned on that point.
The foregoing observations are applicable to the children of all
the tribes studied. A few special notes concerning the Apache and
the Pima children, particularly those attending school, were made
by the writer on his last expedition.
At San Carlos the children generally learn to walk before they can
speak more than a few simple words; but thereafter they quickly
learn to talk. Children between 1 and 3 years of age are occasionally
seen to go about on the ground on their hands and knees. Walking
86 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
on all fours also occurs.¢. Some children do not either crawl or walk
on the hands and feet. A woman told the writer of a little child who
walks, although only 1 year old.
Near one of the dwellings of the San Carlos the writer came across
a peculiar contrivance put up for teaching a little child to walk. It
was a horizontal bar, crudely made, 4 feet long, fastened 20 inches
from the ground to three small vertical posts. The whole appa-
ratus bore the long name of ci-ma-ni-dn-co me-yi-no-di-ta. The
parents thought that their baby, who was about a year and a half
old, was backward in learning to walk, so they put up this con-
trivance, which is said to be used also by others under similar circum-
stances. The child was seen to grasp one of the vertical posts and
lift itself until it got hold of the horizontal bar, when it walked along.
The San Carlos Apache children of from 1 to 4 years of age are
usually quite neglected in the matter of cleanliness. Even profuse
nasal discharges are often disregarded.?
The school children are an active and happy lot. They greatly
enjoy and benefit by all sorts of exercise provided for them. There
is little trouble in the San Carlos schools on account of quarrels.
Occasionally there are dissensions or fights, but there are no brutali-
ties, feuds, long-lasting bad feeling, or jealousies. The elder girls are
motherly to the younger, and all are quite unselfish. As a rule the
children are not given to lying, though in every class there will be
found a few, especially girls, who can not be fully trusted. Some of
the school children, particularly girls, will steal little articles when
they have an opportunity. The girls seem always prone to take
vaseline, which they rub into their scalps, supposing that it makes
the hair grow better. Occasionally one will abstract something of
value. For this wrongdoing, however, their home training, which is
not so good as in other tribes, is responsible.
The children are not inordinate eaters, even when the food supply
is unlimited. A few, however, habitually take more than they can
consume. Under discipline they are clean. Both girls and boys
show aptitude in singing and declamation, and have agreeable, fairly
strong voices. The girls are less shy and backward than those in
some of the pueblos. The San Carlos children are not much afraid
of darkness. One of the school girls ran a distance of several miles
at night from the school to her home. Yet they believe in spirits
a%Ina Yuma hut the writer saw an infant of mixed blood about 2 years old run on all fours; he saw
also a similar case of a full-blood child about 18 months old among the Maricopa, and before that of an
older full-blood infant among the Huichol in Mexico. In every instance the child moved with the arms
straightened and the legs bent forward but slightly at the knees, much after the manner of a quadruped.
A more common form is that in which the child moves on its hands and knees. (See C. Lumholtz,
Unknown Mexico, 1, 90, and following plate; but in that publication the frequency of the phe-
nomenon is possibly overestimated.)
b These discharges are removed by the mother or others, among all the Indians, with the thumb and
forefinger, in a characteristic manner.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 87
who may visit them at night. They speak very seldom of dreams.
Nightmares are infrequent. On different occasions two of the school
girls had each a dream of spirits. One dreamed of being carried away
by a spirit, and when she told of this on awakening it was observed
that all her companions believed the story and went so far as to show
to the matron alleged traces of the presence of the spirit, but there .
was no panic. Among the children from about 12 years of age
upward it was noticed that they like to be up late in the evening
and to stay in bed late in the morning. None of the healthy children
ever sleep during the day.
The Pima school children are easily managed, more so than the
Apache, and they are not so noisy. They are somewhat given to
falsehood, but very seldom steal, and are in general quite timid.
The school girls pilfer marrow, fat left in the pans, and vaseline, and
at night rub these substances into their hair ‘‘to make it grow thick.”
The children are affectionate, and sensitive to slight, neglect, or repri-
mand. They do not like to be alone, and the girls are easily fright-
ened. In the memory of the present teachers (a period of about three
years) there was one panic in the Sacaton school. It occurred among
the girls returning from evening school. Catching sight of a white
dog dying, they ran screaming all over the school grounds.
The children of the more primitive tribes (as the Huichol, Cora,
Tarahumare), especially those who seldom see strangers, on being
approached either scatter instinctively in all directions and_ hide
most effectually behind plants or rocks, or lie in hollows; if caught
before they can make their escape, they burst into angry crying and
struggling.
The Indian children usually play in groups. There is less laughing
and screaming, as well as less crying, among them than among
ordinary white children, though they are by no means stolid or
voiceless. On occasion they show much agility and endurance.
Among the Indians punishment of children is not totally abstained
from, as is usually believed, but it is only manual and light. Scolding
a naughty child is common. More severe chastisement of children,
even stepchildren, is absolutely unknown, except rarely.in case of
drunkenness on the part of the parent or guardian, and no child is
ever abandoned to become a public charge.
SPECIAL STUDIES ON CHILDREN
Desiring to learn mere precisely the conditions of development of
Indian children, the writer went from dwelling to dwelling, among the
San Carlos Apache and the Pima, two tribes representing, as before
mentioned, the most dissimilar physical types, and into the schools,
conducting a line of special examinations. At the outset the serious
88 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL, 34
obstacle of a frequent lack of proper age records was met with, par-
ticularly with older children, and this necessitated a division of the
subjects studied into two series, one in which the age could be and the
other in which it could not be accurately ascertained. The series in
which the age was known is restricted to 54 Apache and 80 Pima
children of both sexes, mostly infants, while the group in which the
age was more or less uncertain embraces 392 Apache and 310 Pima,
nearly all school children, ranging from the earliest school age to late
adolescence. Owing to differences in the stage of development, the
points of inquiry differed a little in the two series. In the first series
they were height, pulse, respiration, dentition, sitting, standing, walk-
ing, speaking, nursing, and food; in the second series, height, weight,
principal head and face dimensions, pulse, respiration and tempera-
ture, dentition, manual strength, puberty (in girls), and the appear-
ance of beard. The results of the investigations follow.
CHILDREN OF KNowNn AGE
Height.—Owing to the sensibilities of the mothers, it was not con-
venient to measure the length of any of the infants under 1 year of
age, and among the Apache there were difficulties even with the
older children at home. The table below gives the data secured, and
also similar observations on white children for purposes of comparison
(those of Bowditch are on children of American parentage).
Average height, in centimeters.
« Boys. Girls.
White. Apache. Pima. White. Apache. Pima.
SiPagte ati Een we ie ae Susie a LAE
Age. bo Age. & Age. % Age. & Age. & Age %
eo oO Oo oO oO oOo
ss ss rd Fa | = iam
Years. y. m.d. y. m. d. | Years. | y.m. d. y.m. d.
al 69.60 1011) 72.0 |1 8 0) 77.20 | 1 | 69X00; Emaar | By SAS rial 1 016 | 70.60
BASS [po TANTS ihe tan Bebe oi |akeca youn] hse ease eae es serene taken pros neers & 1 514] 77.00
| | | | 1 6 0| 72.50
| | 110 5 |- 74.80
| 110 5] 75.20
111 0.| 79.70
aQ T9460), ces Slates 2 0 0| 75.50 2 78.00) +2) 1180191230), 23) 081) s82550
B43 |, SS.A0 rt ets alee 2 1 0| 87.60 2345 | 185 sal eee Reeereed emai adin eS!"
152970. SSOSR0} [ee see estate ea be maple ie at 2 814/| 87.00
DOR 20F VEO SU ull pers = ee | eae iaeeemere | (Rare 210 0 90.80
{Dy QUA SERGE TOM | ccc Sell steak peter Np, we yy Seth
a3 86.00'|.....-- sec 4 3 5 010218950741 3 SSA008 bee econ lease aes 3.010 89.30
Bess4e) 91s 90! ee seeee Sees Sel O) ala fee 7150 loot guloye sc. es J-------| 8 2 0} 92.70
3 MOWI3 E8400" Sas eee dO I Ps | seep 3 4 0} 94.50
[Bu Oi) 8M 10: lect ae AY ae eek oot belo 3.10 0- 108.00
[eS SAO OG SOu 2 emcee as eet ee yer [ce eaten | eect || eee are
aLandois and Stirling, Human Physiology, 4th ed., Philadelphia, 1892, 471.
+ Daffner, F., Das Wachstum des Menschen, 2d ed., Leipzig, 1902, 323.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS &9
Average height, in centimeters-—Continued
Boys. Girls.
White. Apache. Pima. White. Apache. Pima.
» = oa | =) - =
po] Eo q | qQ He] te]
Age. i Age. 58 Age do Age. ih Age. ay Age oo
ce i ss ees Ee sa
| |
Years. | y. m.d. | y.m. d. | Years. | y.m. d. | y.m. ad.
alge ads lg O0n oe sos = Perea Saat) Pesce eel" | mak ate os sear (Acne tells Se Poke ae eee (meni
| BiedaA0),09: 80,|o ao ks a7 eet eal Sot dealt atk Salat 2. |--227-
b4 (RN aii) te's Se he ee WAY wag e/a fea ae Sm AS Lu ee tac aa 4 40 | 91.80
a4. 43 OOROSs omer s oC teee les oe seme es See =o E50 Ne GONOT Sees ae oe 4 6 07} 104.50
PI THIN Ree: By al de ea ee) PRP 4 9 7| 103.50
Auva=20103:00) sea seeeee serene | ates ll eae 411 0| 103.30
4G ONL 101-00")... ee Roe ae: abe Sr Pere |) eal 20)! 105.70
BIS eli SOOO) ease oe eee ae 5 O11} 105.40} 5 OTHOO Ieee alee 5 318 | 103.60
CERCPSISHON) ee setae | eae sl acts tap ars tet Ae 8 5340) HOOsCOM sca. aya feen bert: 510 0 | 111.30
c5-6 TOG, 00h tee of | Pasaas [Us pe ae tal ae og ec Weal C1 | Lace a
b6 104.60 | 6 6 20 {105.00 6 4 0| 117.70 Gres SL0Sn20N2 See leo ete 6 7 0| 113.60
a6, 41 | 108.50)|..-..--- eeeneietslie ee a ona sieel ce PACAP BGo id bate eee nc ac Aine bs Deak
C67 LI DLOGeeeeps sel ees oe 2 oe CREOLE RIN OA00s eeG= 7a 11O.G0slee te ee aee (Met. Henly amare |b ee
SLES TI, 1 ee ee eee oe cer ame eee (Pos) eae IBY eke aa 7 4 7{ 117.50
| | 7 915 | 118.30
Dike na OY (ud Meese a ae BoP 0428.00) 80". <| aa3s00) [eae Wiis 8 0 0) 119.30
COL) 8 | MPP) BIN ee se eel ee eee Reed See: | s9 T2251 Once eee aa en he et es eee
Pere Sere Uniies tee ke sche ey 1O= Nir ISTO Secs eee. 10 6 11 | 136.20
| | | 10 8 0 | 136.10
b12 TSG SOOM Bese epee tl tee ae [Coes eae 12 182) 70yjaaeese sel een |12 1 8] 138.40
12-12 E70) Pe i ator el gta en ee 12-13 4 AO eaten ce eer | 12 1 8 | 140.00
| | |12 9 0| 149.60
SEIS Shae eae eam here eee eeeeeee hirtalSep PTSBEE Dt te cdc ns ott 6 13 0 0 | 151.20
Bete eres IAMON\ Ss 22 ac o|e.202%- [aes est haere SST OR 0 D2 ae ae ee Pea ae peo
Adults | 172.20 |:....... NERO |S eee BL gone eee 157-70, |222-. SS eI56050)||Bes ee a | 156.90
| | | | | |
aDafiner, F., Das Wachstum des Menschen, 2d ed., Leipzig, 1902, 323.
b Landois and Stirling, Human Physiology, 4th ed., Philadelphia, 1892, 471.
¢ Bowditch, H. P., The Growth of Children, Twenty-second Report of the State Board of Health of
Massachusetts, Boston, 1891.
Even though much less complete than desirable, the foregoing table
shows plainly the surprising fact that with only a few exceptions the
Indian children dealt with of both sexes, and at all ages up to 13—that
is, up to or nearly up to puberty—are somewhat taller than the
average white children of corresponding sex and age. This fact has
further significance: as the stature of the adults of the several groups
of whites and Indians included in the table is nearly alike, it necessa-
rily follows that either the growth of the Indian child suffers at
some period in or during the whole adolescence a relative retarda-
tion, or that the adult height is reached earlier, growth im stature
stopping sooner, than among the whites. The matter resolves itself
into new problems of much interest, which furnish a strong incentive
for further investigation.
Pulse and respiration.—The tests for pulse in infants which could
not vet sit freely were made while they were lying down and quies-
90) BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
cent, by listening directly to the heart beats; in the older children
as a rule the radial pulse was examined, with the subject invariably
in a sitting position and quiet. Respiration was counted in the same
position and, wherever there seemed to be any danger of developing
nervousness, before taking the pulse. In general, every reasonable
care was used to obtain data only from children in normal condition,
mentally and physically. None of the results of any examination
were tabulated or analyzed in the field, to avoid the formation of any
preconception; most of the conditions were learned by the writer only
while finishing the various tables and comparisons.
As to the quality of pulse, it was found frequently in those under 3
or 4 years of age to be slightly irregular in rhythm; later on such
irregularities are rare. In a few instances a slight systolic hushing
sound was present, as it is in not a few white children, without appar-
ently any actual valvular defect. No organic lesion of any nature
was met with.
Respiration was often found to be irregular, the child holding its
breath for a while and then, to compensate, breathing more rapidly
than on the average. This holding of the breath, which calls for
much patience on the part of the examiner, is subconscious and
occurs even in very young infants.
The following table gives the main results as to the frequency of the
heart beat and some comparison with that in white children :¢
a For detail data sce Appendix.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
HRDLICK A]
9ZT SOT
zel O01
PPI iat
09r at
“umn | “uma
-IXBAy | -TULW
"S681 ‘SS8T ‘BUeL ‘UeTTeqR, pun Uszeq “oIsdyq pun “soporsdy “wWoywUY g ‘THST ‘VIudtepelyd “po wp ‘ABopois- saa aeea Sl Bosup Olen
Tae PAPE Sats PES Se OD mane |paauet tees aR DS ACe TRO ter |
Se Cee eee ODaui ays ba oe BOL TRO NTT
Re he ght Qi }PIOIOIA |-"7>>~~->""-sIBod TT 019 OL
p SUI puB slopuRey “> * SIBOA (OT
E cceynaie ae So ereeS op-7-7-|:77">-"77-==-s18aX OT 016
Se aie ae ces oa =O Dinan al pai ae aT S BOLE GONE S:
FOS ee i sar a wat ge ODrsvuallie oa Sam pak nak SUCORE RON)
Sats Bralee tchalon ata ODS axes ons haat pees 1019
Q UpPlOLOLA |~ spot 901 ¢
yp SUIIG pus slopuey |---77- 7 SIBod G
Rie ae ghee GUDLOLONAY ssa sae SUG OANC TON r
p BUILAIWS puB slopuR’T | Siri cseadsan sy a “"s1R0d F
ee ies wane QaPIOIOIA |°7-- °° °° >>" Saeed F 07 §
p BUI[IIYG puB slopuR’T | SANA Saran cron sipod
cee natin Oe gs QIUPIOLONN ions l ewer aseone Olle
psui[LQ pus siOpUBT |e ee es SIBod G
qUPlOLOLA sivok Z 07 T
DGG Sop Us SO PUil mse aman sls ae wees oo Ivo |
ates gS palate QOPIOLOUAN ene sues meen BONNTONO
PSU Pus SIOPUBT | > UIOG MON
Aquoywny
“SOU AL
ponunuojy—aynuru wad aye ‘asyng
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 93
With newborn San Carlos Apache and Pima, in the waking state,
the pulse is somewhat more frequent than in the average newborn
white, reaching 160 or more beats per minute; but the heart slows
down, especially during the first six months, and the averages for the
whole first year show but slight differences from those of whites.
The children of the two tribes are, during the first year, in respect
to pulse ratio, much alike.
In children above 1 year of age the Apache show, so far as the
limited material indicates (up to 6.55 years), more pulse beats per
minute than the Pima. The number of observations is small, but
the fact is too uniform to be wholly fortuitous. The average fre-
quency of the heart beat of the Apache child during the second and
third year of life also exceeds a little that of the white, while among
the Pima the frequency of pulse is slightly greater only during the
second year, falling below the average in whites after that age, and
remaining below it through all years thereafter. As will be seen from
the data on the second series of children, the Apache child even-
tually reaches the same condition. The whole phenomena may be
summarized thus: Both Apache and Pima children start in life with
a somewhat higher rate of heart beat than that of white children of
similar age; this relative frequency appears to last during the first
three years among the Apache, but only up to the end of the second
year among the Pima; after this period the pulse of the children in
both tribes falls and stays permanently below the average in white
children. °
The sexual differences between the two tribes are slight and some-
what irregular. At the same age the Apache show a somewhat
higher pulse rate in the female; among the Pima the reverse seems
to be the case ina number of groups, but the average age of the girls
in these groups is greater than that of the boys; hence comparison
becomes unsatisfactory.
As to respiration in the children of the two tribes, considered sep-
arately and compared with whites, the conditions set forth in the next
table ® will be seen to be related to those observed with pulse.
@ See also detail data in the Appendix.
O4
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Respiration, rate per minute
)
[BULL. 34
Whites. San Carlos Apache.
Males Females
| li | 3 if : 3 a
ye aN sco oo oD - = z ake, 5p pee : a2
Age. Authority.| ees ie Veil = is 5 = ISIE I reais 5 Pam iste (aie:
ation: | 2 | Sh toe 3 = log bp ws | Sle
erates ces sa} @& | & jee a aa |e|&
£5) = Gasol sree Sie eae ® Scan salle
pes) 3) > Seyi visi a | 3 > PA} Boos
| < < a | 2 14 = | = a\|a
New] a 3 Vierordt... 30-44 | | | |
ewborn....-..- Jierordt.. 30-
¥ | S11 | 0.49 year..| 46.8| 34] 60) 9|0.57year..| 50.8 | 36| 66
Otolbyears.-.5 | Quetelet - - 44 | |
| | |
year 22h os-2e2% | . | |
: \icromae” 28 | 3 | 1.57 years.| 38.7 30} 44) 6) 1.72 years. 30.7 | 24 | 36
1to2years...... | | |
| | |
QViOULS Es eee nae | , | |
Jf aieeotte Niels 6 | 2.51years.| 35.8| 20| 52 47) 2.63years.| 31.2/19| 52
2to3years...... |
Siyeares seers Y | | |
4g i Wiccardte 25 | 3) 3.27 years.) 28.0 24| 34, 2 |.3.52years_| 21.5 | 21 | 22
3 to 4years...... ' |
AT CHT Saas eee eee | |
y [erie re (nase te cl eee os alee aloe 1 | 4.08 years.| 22.0 |....|.---
4to 5years...... | |
SsVeCRTS. eens se
y Nheeaeteles 2 DG mel shane ane ee Merete ee 1 | 5.67 years.| 22.0 |....|..--
5 to6 years. .-- -- | | |
Give aS Saeco ee | |
a eee 2 28°90; Ail. 6: Sovyearss|ASasOulenec | sees |e eee ee i poee
6to7 years.....- | ie |
1 | |
Whites. Pima
Males Females.
Paiieee ice pe ee
: 7 |O 2 ks irs s bee =
Age. Authority. Respi irs S Boies. 5 meet > 738 1|8|&
ration. |> = & tia | S 58 a fs |3/2
2s a3 aa| & | & 22 FS aa|@|&
ae 5 pe esi eps & Beet dailies
hess > Pa) = Ss |S S| > Se SS
Ia ae lace Neel aiat ee oe < |3\4
E: SS SSS SS —
- | | | |
Newborn ......- Vierordt..| 30-44 | ye |
Ee 9 | 0.47year..| 40.4| 30| 52| 10| 0.51year..| 44.4 | 32 | 58
Otolwyeant se. | Quetelet - - 44 | | |
IaaeiPn een ae ee coe aes dueres Heeercue (es
~Vierordt. - 28 | 2 | 1.48 years.! 38.0 36} 40} 7 | 1.63years.| 34.3 | 27) 43
1to2 years..-..- | | | |
Dyeanse a: 2a | ; ¢ a lage oh = alter
poked Ae eee ats 3 Seb oe 6 | 2.26 years.! 28.0 23) 34] 3) 2.47 years.| 28.7 | 26 | 32
2todyears...... | | | |
| |
SVMERIS ic sock ass | | “ | |
Ae \ vieeeate® 25 |} 6 |-3.1) years.' 27.0 DES ie a Pah | ee 3.43 years.) 24.5 | 21 28
3to4years..... (I | | at
A OUT Saas = nen | | :
Ma | Babe oat ees eh aes 3 | 4.41 years.| 23.7 22 25 6, 4.69 years.| 25.2 | 23 28
4to 5 years. ..... | | |
OVOCVLESS- oc e |
ae \uetelsee 26) 1|5.03years.| 26.0 ......|....- 1] 5.83 years.| 24.0 |....|....
5to6years.....- | | |
OWearsee ae eee = | | 7 a
Ne ae ae 28-20 | 2 | 6.57 years.) 21.0 20 | 22| 1] 6.58 years.} 22.0 Z
6to7 years....../{ | : | | |
CEE | | | |
De ae oat Neen, 9-00. laie: seg PCS pailone meee | 2| 7:57 years.| 23.5. 22 | 95
7 to 8 years...... | | |
Syenrse eae eee | |
rs ASAE ERE 28-20 | 1 | 8.16:years.| 20.0:......).-..- | 1} 8years....| 23.0
8to9 years. ...../f latees| |
|
EGOS Se Cu ee ll FORA A, Sones DRED Ih. Neck see See eat eee On incl ee | aan eee Kt see Pee le ed || No iS
9to 10 years. ..-_- if | |
(Oiearss...- -- |) :
i Fete SS See 28-20) lc SO resets cre, Seen Leys rey eee eeeeee | eee 2 | 10.59 years} 22.5 | 20) 25
10 to 11 years. ... | | | 7 |
ll years......... | alee es Dae tee ener Mee ogee ieeact (Du eee eagle oe
11 to 12 years. .. .|{
|
12’ years....:..... |
ree tain Malate Glave 282200 Oe EU SRE Sele ee eee lemme 3) 12.32 years] 21.7 | 20 23
12 to 13 years. .. | | ae ele
13 years......... | irs See B20) ||P oe oR eee ea es 1 | 13 years...) 17.0 lee
| 5 \ |
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 95
During the first year the respiration of the Apache children is
somewhat more frequent than that of the Pima, and in the infants
of both tribes it is more rapid in the females than in the males; dur-
ing the second year the frequency is nearly the same in the two
tribes, and in both it is greater in the male, but the average age of
the females in this group is higher; during the third year the fre-
quency of respiration is again greater in the Apache and is also
somewhat greater in the Apache males than in the females; during
the fourth year the rate of respiration in the two tribes is about
equal and in both greater in the males, but once more the average
age of the female subjects is somewhat greater, so that the figures
are not directly comparable. Comparison with whites is difficult
on account of a lack of good data obtained under similar regulations.
If the old Quetelet figures and some of those collected by Vierordt
be taken as representative, then respiration is more frequent than
in the whites until at least theeend of the fourth year among the
Apache males and the end of the third year among the Apache
females, and during at least the second year among both sexes of the
Pima. After the fourth year the rate diminishes, probably fall-
ing in both tribes and in both sexes (see data of the second series
of children) slightly below the average in whites, and thereafter
remains for a long period nearly stationary. The relatively higher
rate during the earlier infancy of the Indian children corresponds
to some extent with their more frequent pulse rate at that period.
It is to be regretted that the groups are. not larger and the results of
the investigations more conclusive.
The ratio of pulse to respiration was found to vary within com-
paratively wide limits among the smaller infants, even though there
was no excitation or sickness. There was no chance to study prop-
erly the variation in single individuals. The following figures show
the ratio at different ages of the Indian infants. Precise and ample
data for white children for comparison are wanting, but from the
observations made it appears that a large majority of cases among
the whites are within the range of 2.5 to 4.5 pulse beats to 1 respiration.
Pulse-respiration ratio, according to age
APACHE
< 2 SR SS ee 8 ee ee : ee
Male. | Female.
|
oe oe | Average.) Minimum. | Maximum. eee | Average. Minimum. | Maximum.
0 tol year....... | 9 2.89 | 2.00 4.94 9 2.85 2.18 4.44
1 to 2 years......| 3. 21 2.59 3. 60 5 4.09 3.05 5.00
2 to 3 years...._. | 6 3. 42 2.31 4.90 4 4.03 2.54 4. 80
3 to 4 years...._.| 3 3.84 2.82 | 5.00 | 2 5.37 5.00 5.73
4to 5 years...... [Pag ba A ee, |e ee | i DSU seer eae Saal iene Soe ets
BROMO ROOTS ise se Ain = a hi e Niier Sad Bhs eee 1 ZC) Val Set See ee ee eee
6.to 7 years...... 1 SPE teeter fetter | eyaiat Res ater | oto ett ns eaetosate caval Saye Sioa = oc laae cle Sa diae
~~ -— = a
96 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Pulse-res piration ratio, according to age—Continued
PIMA
| Male. Female.
a oe Averace.| Minimum. Maximum. ae | Average. Minimum. Maximum,
PSM IG | cana girl | ee tis . | eS
Oto dsyear--as4- 9 3.47 | 2.77 | 4.20 10 2.97 2.24 4.12
1 to 2 years. ..... 2 3.02 | 2.70 3.33 6 3.37 2.79° | 4.00
2 to 3 years.....- 6 3.82/| 3.00 4.95 | 3 | 3.30 3.07 3.65
3 to 4 years...... 5 | 3.51 | 2.91 4.00 2 3. 72 3. 43 | 4.00
4 to 5 years...... | 3 4.00 3.84 4.09 | By 3. 43 2. 86 | 3.75
5 to 6 years... -.. | 1 BET (Cal Re eerie a= es oe eee | 1 | 350s hss aoc eee
6 to 7 years: ....- 2 4.16 | 3.82 4.50 | 1 Serf ba eae eur eek hee!
TAOS EE sullecseded|bosacecens asia eette ae, Abba | 2 3.67 | 3.60 3.73
8 to9 years.....- 1 O: MON aoe eens Sauna semana 1 SU ABM Se ow aoe ban See ee
a oye (Win ek) (See Ee Sor De Seep see eee rhea cain oe more rool (ase eet a (cio oe Roma oone eo |S toober 35 <
KORO GULA nieces Base oscl eoncesor| sae rest can Phacocsesass 2 3.39 2.88 3. £0
Mito? yeatsss.4\\ Ss eare lees oe Stee eee ctor alle cee ete ps octamer arene fas ets okey al et nica oe
LOOM Snveal sees es sel aee eee ne [pepe A ae ee fol earns ain! 3 3.44 3.13 3.70
| '
The data show that up to the end of the fourth or fifth year the ratio
of pulse to respiration increases somewhat in all the groups with age;
this means that respiration suffers a relatively greater retardation
during this period than the heart beats. Among both the Apache
and the Pima the number of pulse beats to each respiration during
the first year is higher in the male children. After that age the con-
ditions, with some exceptions, remain the same among the Pima, but
are reversed among the Apache, the number of pulse beats to every
respiration being greater in the girls than in the boys; the number of
sases, however, is not sufficient to justify definite conclusions.?
Teeth.—Among the San Carlos Apache the youngest child with one
or more teeth was a girl in whom both lower middle incisors appeared
at 24 months, and among the Pima a girl who had both lower median
incisors fairly developed at 4 months and 13 days. Among the
Apache the oldest infant without teeth was a girl of 7 months, and
among the Pima a boy of 7 months and 20 days. In general, the
appearance of the first lower middle incisors takes place at about the
same age as in whites (5? to 6} months, D.).?
The upper median incisors follow the lower and appear in whites at
from 7 to 74 months (D.); among the Apache the youngest child in
which both these teeth were erupted was 7 months and 20 days, among
the Pima 7 months and 17 days, but in both children the teeth had
been out for some days. Delayed eruption of these teeth is rare
among the Apache, but seems to be frequent among the Pima; the
oldest subjects in whom the eruption of the upper median incisors had
not taken place were a 124 months Apache girl and a Pima girl of
the same age.
aCompare table Pulse-respiration ratios, in relation to stature, p. 105.
bDaffner F., Das Wachstum des Menschen, 2d ed., Leipzig, 1902, 175-176. D. = Dafiner. Compare
also with Welcker, Arch. f, Anthropol., 1, 114.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 97
Among the whites the teeth that appear next are the upper lateral
incisors, the eruption of which takes place during the ninth month.
These teeth had just broken through in an Apache girl of 7 months
and 20 days and in a Pima boy of 7 months and 17 days, while the
oldest children in whom both were still lacking were an Apache girl of
14 months and a Pima girl 1 year and 16 days old. The average date
of eruption is-probably very close to that in whites. Again retardation
was more frequent in the Pima.
The lower lateral incisors, which in white children erupt on the
average during the latter part of the tenth month (D.), were seen
earliest in an Apache girl of 8} months and in a Pima girl of 9 months.
The oldest Apache child in whom both were lacking was 124 months;
the oldest Pima child 18 months and 2 days old. In three instances
one or both of these teeth were out before the upper lateral incisors.
Among whites the teeth which appear in most instancesnext after the
incisors are the upper and then the lower anterior premolars, and the
average time of their eruption is the thirteenth month. The canines
follow, appearing on the average from the middle to the end of the
fifteenth month (D.). Among the Apache children in two cases all
the anterior premolars were out before the appearance of any of the
canines, and there are indications of similar precedence among the
Pima, the order of eruption thus agreeing with that in whites. As
to the time of appearance, in the Apache the anterior premolars were
not present in any child up to 14 months, but were found in all
of 163 months and older, while in the Pima the teeth were not erupted
in any subject up to 15} months, and were present in all but one
(where the lower were still within the gums) of the children of 174
months and older. The eruption of these teeth appears to take place
somewhat later in the Indian than in the white child. The canines
were seen first in an Apache girl of 19 months 10 days, all being
present in every older child, and in a Pima girl of 174 months, being
present in all but two older subjects (of 18 months and 18 months and
2 days respectively). Here again a comparison with white children
indicates some retardation in the Indian. Unfortunately the number
of Indian children studied is very limited and the point can not be
considered as decided.
The posterior premolars, which appear in whites between the twen-
tieth and the thirty-third month (D.), were all present in an Apache
child of 19 months 10 days, and in another of 20 months; these had
not all erupted in three Indian children of from 22 to 23 months of
age and were wholly lacking in one of 25 months, but were all present
in every case from 26 months upward. Among the Pima none of
these teeth were found in children of 2 years or younger; the two
lower were present in a boy of 25 months, and were just appearing in
another of 26 months and 9 days, but were all present in every sub-
3452— Bull. 34—08
_
(
98 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
ject above this age. While the average age among whites at which
the eruption of the first teeth is completed is about 2? years (D.), it
appears that in the Indian child this occurs earlier.
The whole subject of the first dentition may be briefly summarized
thus:
All the teeth of the first dentition appear in the same order in the
Indian child as in the white.
All the incisors erupt on the average at about the same age in the
two races.
The appearance of the first premolars and the canines seems to be
somewhat belated in the Indian.
The eruption of the posterior premolars and the completion of the
first dentition are accomplished earlier in the Indian than in the
Caucasian.
Between the end of the first dentition and the appearance of the per-
manent teeth there is in Indians as well as in whites a considerable
interval, after which appears the first molar. The eruption of the
molars takes place during the latter part of the fifth year (D.). An
Apache girl of 5 years and 8 months had all four of these molars, and
the same is true of the next and last Apache child of known age,
namely, 6 years 6 months and 20 days. In the Pima the youngest
child with all four first permanent molars erupted was a girl of 4
years and 11 months; all four of the teeth were present in every
child of 6 years and 4 months.
The permanent median incisors appear in whites at from 6} to 7}
years, the lateral ones at from 7? to 8} years (D.). A Pima boy of 6
years 9 months and 20 days had both lower median incisors; one
of 7 years 4 months and 7 days had the left upper lateral tooth, but
none of the other three, and all the children from 8 years onward
had, with one exception, the whole set of permanent incisors. - It is
plain that so far as the eruption of these eight teeth is concerned
there is little if any difference between whites and Indians.
The permanent canines appear in whites during the twelfth year
(D.). Both of these teeth in the lower jaw were present in a Pima
girl of 10 years 6 months and 11 days, and all four were erupted in
another Pima girl of 10 years and 8 months; they were just appearing
in a girl of the same tribe of 12 years and 1 month while none were out
in the case of her sister, but these two children were twins and not
robust.
The permanent bicuspids appear in whites, the anterior during the
eleventh and the posterior during the twelfth year (D.). The ante-
rior ones were all found in a Pima girl of 10-years 6 months and 11
days and in another of 10 years and 8 months, and each of these
children had also (in one just appeared) the left upper posterior
bicuspids. In the twins before mentioned (of 12 years 1 month and
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 99
8 days) there were as yet no permanent bicuspids; while all eight
were present in the two Pima girls of 12 years and 9 months and 13
years of age.
Of the second permanent molars, which appear in whites during
the fourteenth year (D.), both lower and left upper were already
present in a Pima girl of 10 years and 8 months, the left lower (just
broken through) in one of the twin girls (of 12 years 1 month and 8
days) and the lower right in the other, while all four were out in the
girl of 12 years 9 months and 13 days.
The following is a brief résumé of second dentition:
The incisors appear in the Pima at about the same age as in whites,
and the same statement is probably true with regard to the perma-
nent first molars and both bicuspids.
The canines seem to appear somewhat earlier in the Indians than in
the whites, but there were not enough cases in the series to decide
this point.
The second molars apparently erupt earlier in the Pima than in
white children.
The shedding of the teeth is dealt with in the detail tables in the
Appendix.
The subject of dentition will be considered again in connection
with the second series of cases, in which the children whose exact age
could not be ascertained are arranged according to stature.
Locomotion and speech.—Sitting: This particular investigation
relates to the period at which the Indian child is able to sit without
support. From the data gathered it appears that this period is the
latter part of the eighth month among the Pima and during the ninth
month among the San Carlos Apache. The difference between the
tribes is undoubtedly due to the greater bodily freedom enjoyed by the
Pima child, which is not confined to a cradle board like that in use
among the Apache.
Crawling: This follows soon after the child is able to sit alone, or
from about the ninth month.
Standing: The ability of the infant to stand while holding to some
support manifests itself very nearly at the same time as the ability
to sit without assistance and to crawl. The ability to stand freely
was recorded in all the Apache children of 14 months or older and in
all Pima: of 154 months (no subjects between 124 and 154 months
were examined).
Walking: In both tribes the acquirement of the power to walk is
nearly contemporaneous with the ability to stand freely, soon after
the child is 1 year old. It appears that all the healthy Apache as
well-as the Pima children of 15 or 16 months can walk alone at least
a few steps and that all run about quite freely before the age of 2
years.
100 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
The functions just mentioned show practically no differences in
the two tribes selected, and are very nearly alike in the time, order,
and methods of their manifestation as in the case of normal and
healthy white infants. Retardations, however, which are quite fre-
quent among white children taken at large, are apparently very rare
among the Indians.
Talking: The youngest Apache child seen who could say one or two
simple words (‘‘ mama,” ‘‘ papa’’) was nearly 104 months old; in infants
older than 1 year the ability to say a few simple words is general.
At about 2 years of age, sometimes earlier, the child begins to employ
a few simple combinations of words and gradually improves until the
fourth year, when it talks quite well. Among the Pima the youngest
child seen able to say afew words was a girl of 174 months. Twin sisters
of 22 months and 5 days could each say “papa” and ““mama”’ only,
but a girl of 23 months not only knew more words but already em-
ployed very simple combinations (as ‘“‘mama, bread;” “papa, water”’).
After they are 2 years old the Pima children in general, like the
Apache, use the words they know with a slight idea of connection,
and thereafter improve, until toward the end of the fourth year they
speak quite properly.
As compared with whites, it seems that in the beginning of the
function of speech and in the ability to learn the Indian child is in
no way backward. It is quite certain, however, that the average
white child gets more exercise in talking and that after the second
year it knows a greater number and variety of words.
Defects of speech, as stammering or stuttering, have never been met
with by the writer in any of the tribes visited.
CHILDREN Wuose AGE CouLp Nor BE ASCERTAINED
The number of subjects in this series exceeds considerably that in
the previous category ; the approximate ages embraced are from about
the fourth year to advanced adolescence.
In the absence of age records it is necessary to choose another basis
of comparison, and the most suitable one for the present purpose is
stature. The correlation of stature and age in both sexes among the
whites being well known, it is possible to assign to each division of
the Indian children also an approximate age.
The investigation of this series of children was extended somewhat
so as to include determinations of temperature and muscular force,
some observations as to puberty, and especially a number of meas-
urements of the body besides stature, which may be expected to
throw light on several important lines of development. All these
data, and those on pulse and respiration, are supplemented by other
data on the adults of the same people, secured by the writer,
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 101
Approximation of age.—For the sake of brevity and facility of ref-
erence, classification by stature and the probable corresponding ages
of the Indian children are given in the following table, in precedence
of other data. The estimates are based on the records obtained of
children of the same tribes of known age, and on Bowditch’s and
Quetelet’s measurements of whites; it may be added they are doubt-
less imperfect.
Approximations of age to stature among Apache and Pima children
Height. Males. | Females. | Height. | Males. | Females.
| | <
Years. | Years. || Years. Years.
ROWPONTOQICDIS Ae ec a ess 1=19 | 1-13 | 180) 16) TERMS) (elas canta 10 -12 10 -124
ROOISO OCI ee cess Sees 222| 12-3 || 140to 149.9em................ 12 -14 124-14
DOPOOo Vem ens eee: Operate lean oh 14a7)| ls bOtOplg\ Giemsa ee | 14 -154 | 14-adult.
OOO OD Ooms ose ee P16f | AE 62 |) 160 Cole. 9.cnts.2- 154-18
AG OMILO Diente mae sae a eee JE Shi |. 63> 84 || 170 to 175 em................. | 18-adult.
$20 bon29 Qicmee ses. sence - 8 -10 83-10 || |
i HI
Pulse, respiration, and temperature.—Pulse in relation to stature:
The next table gives the average pulse rates by stature as collected
by Volkmann for whites, and the average, the slowest, and the most
rapid pulse in corresponding groups of the Indians;* and plate x11
shows in a graphic manner the changes in pulse rate with age among
the Indians.
Pulse rate in relation to stature
Whites. 6 San Carlos Apache.
Males. | | Females.
Stature. Males. ote Average | Mini- | Maxi- | Pots Average | Mini- | Maxi-
puise. | mum. | mum. | pulse. | mum. | mum.
AOMOWD Vicming actos oS 5 a5 116.5 1 Le Tata Sor SRS BS cee pecs Nera eel Pea ney | eae ee
SO OS Olcme Sar. 52225- LO SOD ese ee eaeene oe ata Nee eee a poeta ol cece oteealhces tote kiececkte
90) fo;99:Oiemben certs a. 6-2: | 106.6 2 88 84 G2; | eras Ine ee weet ed ce AN
100) Go 109:9'emier So =. = 101.5 4 88.5 78 104 2 86.5 79 | 94
MO oatOOiemmas hs ess... 93.6 5 81.2 66 92 11 86.2 76 | 93
HAO GOMN29:O) cms - = - sree be = = 92.2 18 73 64 84 21 79.5 66 | 90
SOOM SO O(Gmise= AS a0... oe 87.7 30 72.6 58 84 22 76.3 62 90
VAD GORIAG!9) CINe <<. = Of particular value are those of Dementyeff, in Razvitie mishechnoi sili chelovieka, etc. (Develop-
ment of Muscular Force in Man in connection with his General Physical Development), 1 vol., 8°, Moskva,
1889, with bibliography. See also Kotelmann, messungen an Hamburger gymnasisten, Zeitschr. d.
Konigl. preuss. statist. Bureaus, 1877; and Riccardi, P., Intorno a la forza muscolare di compressione,
(mano diritta e mano sinistra) studiata in una serie di maschi Bolognesi, Rassegna di sc. med., Modena,
1887, 11, 206-214. The data obtained by Riccardi are abnormally high.
ceHrdli¢éka, A., Anthropological Investigations on One Thousand White and Colored Children of
Both Sexes, New York and Albany, Wynkoop-Hallenbeck-Crawford Co., 1899, 45-47,
110 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Comparison as to force between the Indian children and the white children of the New
York Juvenile Asylum
Pressure, right hand: Traction.
White chil-| White chil
Stature. dren, New | dren, New |
York Juve-| Apache. | Pima. | York Juve-| Apache. | Pima.
nile Asy- | nile Asy- |
lum. lum.
aa — ————| —_—— |
MALES. kg. | kg. kg. | kg. abs || aga
[LOGO 29 OICIN eee eee eee eease = asses 11.0-15.0 | 12.5 13.4 7.0-12.0 | 3.5 3.1
130 TOWS9 CM essere s-sse ee = = eee eee | 15.0-17.0 14.8 | 15.9 12.0-14.0 5.6 5.4
140 kGOnI49!9 cman saat nerer | 17.0-24.0 | 18.9 19.4 | 14.0-16.0 | 9.2 | 8.4
na Ola oye Way) 49) 6) 00 le ee eee ae eee 24.0-32.0 | 25.9 28.6 | 16.0-21.0 | 15.1 14.2
|
FEMALBS. |
120i OR 2O;Ole Tne cen eee eee 10.0-12.5 ili il 9.5] 6.5- 9.0 el 1.4
TSOKFOSISO OC Mae er epee see eee .-| 12.5-17.0 13.8 11.9 9.0-10.5 3.9 2.4
NAOKG O49 OCT ae erence rete ois peseeio ators | 17.0-21.0 19.6 17.2 10.5-13.0 9.4 5.8
The white children of both sexes within the heights included are on
the average slightly superior in pressure force to the Indians of
similar stature and markedly superior in traction force. The height
groups of the somewhat retarded Juvenile Asylum children represent
an average age probably from one to two years greater than that of
the children in corresponding stature groups of the Indians, and on
this account the series is not satisfactory.
Tests on older adolescents have shown the persistence in the
Indian of a somewhat inferior pressure force; the traction power,
however, increases rapidly in the Indian subjects after they have
been employed in physical labor and may equal that of whites of
similar ages or statures and occupations. ¢
The differences in force between the subjects of the two tribes
under comparison are very clear and in thesfemales quite marked.
The Apache children on the whole seem the more vigorous; they are
in all the groups superior in traction, and the females surpass the
Pima females in every particular. Curiously, however, the Pima
boys show in all the groups and in both hands a slightly sreeter aver-
age pressure. Possibly this feature has been developed by differences
in occupation afforded the school boys on the two reservations.
Force in Pima boys contrasted with that in Apache boys, main groups
| Average excess in Average
Pima boys in pressure.) deficiency
Stature. in Pima
Right | Left boys in
hand. hand. traction.
kg. kg. kg.
120i COWLZYO Cin ee oe ee octet eer ieee se eh Rem cee oe eee +0.9 +1.3 —0.4
ASOLCO SOLO Tera teate att sensi eee eerie eaten ie eee eee = tl + .8 =
140 to 149.9em_....- Fe oats Sioa adem Soe ts See ae eke Oe ee ee 3 8 th = 8
150 60.1150. 9 Cm eos ese ee tee ee tec ike eS ae oe | ILO) ee — 9
T6000 W169:9:eml See eee eae eee oe et eee ee ee ees +2.1 + .3 — .l
aSee the subject ana Adults, p. 143,
——
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS Lit
Force in Pima girls contrasted with that in Apache girls
Average deficiency in Average
Pima girls in pressure. deficiency
Stature. eee | in Pima
Right Left girls in
hand. hand. traction.
kg | kg kg
TPAD Te\. PAS) Le Grates Gabo cob SOOCUDOCTOUUS Ce CEUODE COC SCO COORD ED aCEaeese —1.3 | —0.6 | =007
USgie URE VOGIT 6 wes Ae SAE BOS Sse BOCES aC OSE enn tea oe Eat ae — .4) == Gl| =.5
“lyiis Tg Git ae Sa Ia SR 2.4 | 2516 of
is? Sag LEE ee cece an I ga eee ea = 2.14) =2.0 = oy
The sex differences in both tribes under consideration are pro-
nounced, particularly between the taller girls and the young men of
corresponding size.
Another class of observations of value which, were there sufficient
data on other children, would make possible very interesting com-
parisons, is on the pressure force of the hands and the arms with
relation to the weight of the body. Dividing each of the force records
by the weight gives the fraction of kilogram of the former to each
kilogram of the latter. The average results of this class obtained
from the data on the Indian children examined by the writer are
given in the succeeding table, and in the curves to be found on plates
XV and XVI).
Average force, in grams, for each kilogram of weight, in the principal stature groups
APACHE
Male. Female.
antares Pressure. | i Pressure.
Right Tete Traction. Right Lett Traction.
hand. hand. hand. hand.
LIPAU HG) LIAS INO 165 00 ee es ee a ed 422 372 118 402 344 76
HOOKbORISO Ol GIMEM ase as 2a 2 k2- soe eae seek e 446 416 169 419 362 118
LAOH ONLAOLOIeMI ee tsa foe See nae 475 415 231 477 426 228
USO HO) NGG erode oe ee eee = ae eee een 536 491 Bile, 477 421 281
AGOGO 169 Oem ss 25 Ss 2 Ee Seah eee lee 621 578 387 471 422 316
ORO MIG Cina setae ates weacetiee ce mee 699 625 ADSM eee eee eee ni ane lee aaseeeee
|
PIMA
: : s
EU OREZO OIC Mae eerycc ete ce cece sn ces 480 | 441 111 369 336 | 53
ISRO) Giles Bak ee ae ee ee 486 | 446 165 409 357 73
AOS UOMAD Orermmars face ued so ea qe eee 491 | 430 213 401 347 135
POOKCOR 59:9 cme Sea Ge oe | 584 | 494 289 425 372 215
LEO Os GO LOcm eens sore ee 669 | 595 393 472 416 271
HOO LO) Cottons een ee ee ae 707 |
595 BYKS)| Sonosbosael ae Sbe soe Sep caesar
The main features brought out by these force-weight comparisons
(pls. xv, xvi) are much like those obtained by contrasting force
with stature. There are seen again the preponderance of male over
female and the somewhat greater strength of the Apache of both
Lr BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 34
sexes in all respects except in so far as pressure force among the
boys is concerned; in this last-named characteristic the Pima youth
are superior.
Of special interest are the hand-pressure results obtained from left-
handed individuals. It was found that among the 13 left-handed
Apache the right hand was stronger in 5, the left hand in 8, and
among the 9 left-handed Pima children the right hand was stronger
2, the left in 7. -On the other hand, there were a number of right-
handed children in whom the pressure force in the two hands was
equal, and in 12 right-handed Apache and 7 Pima the left hand was
the stronger. The cases are given in detail below. The irregulari-
ties agree with what was before observed by the writer as the result
of investigations among the white children of the New York Juvenile
Asylum.
Pressure force in left-handed and in exceptional right-handed individuals
Bee Aa =n Right-handed individuals
Left-handed individuals. | (exceptional).
Pressure force |) | Pressure force
(in kilograms). | Gn kilograms). in kilograms).
No. —_—__——_—_—__— No
Right | Left Right | Left
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
| |
524n|, Apache boyas- cess cmeee TSLOM) Sy0G0) O41, eAmache boyic see sea eee 19.0 20.0
529 |... (0 0 ee ener ete soe 16.0 18.0 || 548 pace GOS se Seer eens ae 17.5 18.0
ee oe OO: eS. Wo eee 22.0 22.5 || 553 |-.--- (Oy ears Se Sey eS 20.0 20.5
Houmas CONE Se meena te eae 2355 alpm24e0 OOS. Ieee (S(O she toe en ualebere Sly 24.0 25.0
597 SO abe eeeee ce eee | ~32.0 OALOM Pods | oer Clo ee peat Saale reas 23.0 26.0
GLSiaieeeee OO) jake ase cbeomeenee | 42.0 2.5 || 590 |....- GOs eee ae ees See 32.5 Bylo
633 |... .- (CK eerS ones ae eosin ese 43.5 | 39.04) 601 |.-.-- dOSs 3 Sesser tr eee 39.0 40.0
G89R eae One ee eee ee ao ae AMONG 43 95q| Olle seer COR Eye ee Seer 30.5 35.0
642 |:.... CO Loan a re Reino ce Sere Al PSs | sor Onl wO22g|seeae DOs cee coher eee ee 3155 35.0
(07) Apacheseinie sae ssea-. 5 - se Sede eel4207| NGoAs eeees GOs teen cee eee 31.0 34.0
763 Ee eee (OO Rees ae eee | 1G505| SAG 25m etOm A pach erp: se eee ne eee 12.5 13.0
(VN pees DO: Fase aeron-tocee sepiose 29.5 Pp De\ CEU |ssaee Gowns Sa cee see 19.5 20.0
Phil eae gees (6 Co eereris ate eal eee ane ens DIE Diy <250h OS) eeeee GO ee Passo eee ee 17.5 19.0
NS Zeal pee" ONisete eerie ato ee i120), | 2 208-105 u|Sbimiashoye nae sceeerer ems 15.0 16.0
ISHS edo tate” Sates Brow [oe 3 del R560) ON eee Giles ee Oa, Rei 14.5 16.0
1548 eee dose srt eee ee eee I als356) LGAs 4 Aaa eS a COS arena eee 15.0 1525
LOS aes GO ee eee 24750 e23r 0h ||P On see GOs Aeaee Se Sea 15.0 16.0
NSO: /22 22. GOR So es eaten tee ee 23.5 25502298) Mena esr ee eee 5.0 6.0
107) Goer CO as ae een a 35.0)) 36.0) ||) 651) Soke GG Eire ee eae eee | 16.5 17.0
204 Eee GOe ae a eeeese sake ieee STE DE oSe On| |pouiln eer OX0) mGuane eee aas Hearse 25.0 25.0)
244° | Pim arin... =n een oppo 9.5), 1220
B28) lee oe GOs. 355252 eaeeee ae ee | 18.0 20.0 |
Growth.—The lack of records of actual age makes all determina-
tions based on this criterion impossible, which is particularly regret-
able in so far as it concerns the period near puberty; it is known
that, at this time, white girls surpass the boys in both stature and
weight.
Height sub- and supra-ischia.—The average percentages of the height
above ischia (height sitting) in the children of the two tribes were
as follows (see also pl. XVII):
a Anthropological Investigations on One Thousand White and Colored Children of Both Sexes, New
York and Albany, Wynkoop-Hallenbeck-Crawford Co., 1899, 44-47.
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 34 PLATE XV
Stature in em. Adults
105 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
to to to to to to to to
109.9 119.9 129.9 139.9 149.9 159.9 169.9 175
—_—_— oC" oo — —— ———_ —— — — ———
Dynamometer oe
records, in kg. ses TCS
male
45 45
Apache,
female
45 45
25 3
15 p
5
b ioiesecres me awcore eG ..
Pressure (maximum) in right hand —— W— Pressure (maximum) inlefthand ..... Pee Hon
MUSCULAR FORCE IN HANDS AND ARMS IN RELATION TO STATURE
IN THE INDIAN CHILD
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 34 PLATE XVI
Stature in em. Adults
105 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
to to to to to to to to
109.9 119.9 129.9 139.9 149.9 159.9 169.9 175
Dynamometer
f =
records, in kg. Pima,
male
45 45
35 | —- 35
25 25
113) 15
5 5
| Pima,
female
45 45
3D 35
25 25
15 15
5 5
Pressure (maximum) in right hand ——— Pressure (maximum) inlefthand ..... Traction
MUSCULAR FORCE IN HANDS AND ARMS IN RELATION TO STATURE
IN THE INDIAN CHILD
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL
AND
MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
Height (sitting) supra ischia in relation to stature
113
San Carlos Apache. | Pima. E Beers On spAahe
Stature. =, ao EEN
Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. | Male. | Female.
cm. cm. em. cm. cm. cm.
UO) ral ONT ee ne eee 55. 1 55.8) 55.6 54.5 —0.5 +1.3
iO) oN PLN Soils Se eas eee 54.6 54.2 | 53.7 54.0} + .9 ree
SU) ey One 6 Rk ee ee ee ee ae 53.8 53.8 5208) |= 529) +1.0 + .9
iO) AG) LIC CMe erat ae ee 52.3 53.3. | 52. 3 | 52.8 | 0 +.5
A50 Re IGG ciar ae Ae a Sone SoMa eee ait y| 53. 5 | 2. 4 53.3 | nS + .2
BEM gNOOQlenis om atom. aac ckcees ces see 52.3 52. 4 | 52.3 52.6 | 0 = 39
Peper ee! ee Ss 53.21 52.8| 52.9 Bethe Sen. 3 5
The height of the Apache above the ischia, it is seen, exceeds that
of the Pima in both sexes and in most of the stature groups, but the
differences are too small to be of much importance. It is difficult
to account for this peculiarity, which extends to the adults; it is
possibly connected with former differences in nutrition in the two
tribes, which were in favor of the Pima. The thickness of clothing
worn by the school children was practically the same, and a like
statement may be made regarding the conditions under which the
measurements were taken.
Rate of increase of height.above ischia for each 10 em. increase in stature
| Apache. Pima.
Stature. = =: Se ae
| Male. | Female. Male. | Female.
|= =: | SSS) ae
| |
| - cm. cm. cm. | cm.
FOU ICORIZO Olen een re et aN oes a ee eee5ad +3.9 +5.6 +5.0
Std) HOV DIS} tail geese Suh cle eB NN ea A i eee ace +3.0 +43) +34 | +4.1
TNC FG) TAG) aa ees ee De a Be ge ae +3.6 +4.7 | +4.3 +5.2
LIN GM Oem Os 5 seen Ses Soe ee ee eee eee +4.7 +4.8 +5.3 +5.1
POW G90 CI aap ne neat - Sey ccies os zac sine ae Somelaet +5.9 $2.0 +5.3 +3.3
Rmiicarh tries ese) eee NN Ses Pe Asan Rs Wes cata | ANT seee ee 2
|
There is noticeable slowness in growth of the upper part of the body
in all divisions between the heights of 130 and 139.9 cm.; there is a
period of relatively rapid growth from 140 to 159.9 em. of stature in
the females and from 150 to 169.9 em. in the males; then a decrease,
particularly in the females, is again apparent.
The percentage of the height supra ischia to the total height, as
shown by the accompanying figures, diminishes in both sexes and in
all the groups up to the stature of 150 cm., corresponding to about 14
years of age, a condition which points to a relative preponderance up
40 that age of the growth of the lower limbs. Thereafter the upper
part of the body shows in most of the groups a slight augmentation in
its relation to the whole stature, in other words a condition which
3452—Bull. 834—08——8
114 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
clearly indicates at these periods a relatively diminished growth of.
the lower limbs.
Variations in percentage of height supra ischia to total height in 10-cm. groups of latter
Apache. Pima.
Pees z Between stat-
mpegs WARS SPM oes Male. | Female.| Male. | Female.
| Per cent.) Per cent.| Per cent.) Per cent.
AST110 GO M19:9 cmixe 2 oes Fon cee iarantcect Sees AVand eB ease. —0.5 —1.6 —1.9 —0.5
Bs120'toul29 Olome se set oe ae ae LAeeE ES See BrandiGzese- — .8 —.4 — .9 —1.1
C.a130 GornlsoGiemibnee see es sce see ee solercnatsl IDs oo ose —1.5 — .5 — .5 —.1
Da 40 HO 49: Ole ese ee oe see Reece eee iDranouby tease — .2 + .2 + .1 + .5
BF) USO POM SOO cms eas oes coe eee oem eee ee EK and F...... + .2 —1.1 —.1 —.7
F. 160 to 169.9 em. (or adult in females). ....--
Go i70iem: tovadult imiimalesss 22 sees eee lp Bee ae al tnee? ioe tice ae
As to the percentage of the body above the ischia to the whole
stature in the male and the female children, the following differences
appear: E
Excess of females over males in ratio to height of body abeve ischia
Stature. Apache. | Pima. Stature. Apache. | Pima.
Per cent.| Per cent. Per cent.| Per cent.
ATO OMG: O emer aes see oneee +0.7 —09) || 150 to 159:9\em sce - seen eeu + .4 +0.9
20 CORIO Ofer see eee —.4 = 3 ))||1G0kb0 160:0/emmeeerer eee ae eet ee
NEMO UISHO (ange tas Goes 0 + .1 a gits ee tee Ie Bry,
140 Gow 49!9\ emi ase eee ae +1.0 + .5
|
In most of the groups, in the females the percentage of the height
of the body supra ischia is slightly greater, and that of the lower
limbs slightly less, than it is in themales. Thisconditionis especially
marked in the stature divisions of 140 to 149.9 and 150 to 159.9 cm.,
or in children from a little more than 12 to a little more than 15
years of age. These statures and years embrace in the Indian girls
of the tribes included in the present studies almost the entire period
of puberty.
Weight.—All the children were weighed bareheaded and in their
ordinary school clothing, of moderate weight, not exceeding at the
maximum about 4 kilograms.¢ The average results in the main
stature groups are given in the following table, accompanied by the
weights of white children of similar statures. The data for the latter
were obtained from Professor Bowditch’s tables? on Boston school
children of all nationalities.
a The stature of the subject was invariably measured with the shoes off and the weight with the
shoes on.
b Bowditch, H. P., The Growth of Children, Lighth Annual Report of State Board of Health, Massa-
chusetts, Boston, 1877, 40-47. This valuable work contains references to German and English children.
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Stature in em.
105 110
to to
109.9 119.9
——“—_— Ss» ———————
51g
59d,
70
2:
/
53%
54% |
55%
56
oO
to
53%
56%
HEIGHT SITTING
BULLETIN 34 PLATE XVII
Adults
120 130 140 150 160 170
to to to to to to
129:9 139.9 149.9 159.9 169.9 175
eee SS
Boys ——-— Girls
IN RELATION TO STATURE IN THE
Pima
INDIAN CHILD
mn
z
-
a
eS
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 115
Average weights of white and Indian children by stature groups
Whites. San Carlos Apache. Pima.
Stature. SSS _— ——|-— : =
: Male. Female. | Male. | Female.) Male. | Female.
kg kg. kg. kg. kg | kg
OCC) ZO OIC seit sararw nit a les arm ony 24.0-29.0 | 23. 4-28.2 | 29.6 27.6 27.9 26. 5
PAUMEG 30.0 Cll sacra erselate eimai scm ==> 29. 0-34.9 | 28.2-34. 5 | 33.2 | 32.9 S257 | 32.8
Prue MOO cnleaee Non dees pees fe A Sol Rene + .9
|
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 34 PLATE XVIII
Stature in em. Adults
Grams of weight Apache
per cm. of stature
400 400
350 350
300 300
250 250
200 200
Pima
400 400
390 350
250 250
: :
Boys ——-— Girls
WEIGHT IN RELATION TO STATURE IN THE INDIAN CHILD
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 1a Grd
The increase of the length of the head continues, it is seen, without
much irregularity throughout childhood and adolescence. The most
pronounced augmentation occurs in the males between the period of
later adolescence and that of adult age; this change is undoubtedly
due to the development of the region of the frontal sinuses and the
elabella.
In the Pima of both sexes and of all the stature groups the antero-
posterior diameter of the head is longer than in the Apache, but this
is a result of a difference in shape of the head and not in its size as a
whole.
In the males the length of the head at nearly every stage is a little
greater than in the females of the same stature. The difference is
quite uniform during childhood and earlier adolescence, but becomes
more marked at the completion of growth, owing in the case of the
adult males to excess of development in the region of the frontal
sinuses.
Data bearing on the subject, arranged by stature groups, is here
set forth:
Diameter lateral maximum
San Carlos Apache. Pima. | Ente Lie Beceesin males
Stature. ¢ a ae az z : SNS fis
Male. | Female.| Male. | Female.| Male. | Female. | Apache. | Pima.
he Gn. cm. cm. cm. cm. | Cie. Neue em.
110 to 119.9 em......- 15. 2 14.7 14.0 | 13.5 —1.2:| —1.2 +0.5 +0.5
120 to 129.9cem....... |reesetiee I} > Saag I2Oe> It) SRT = —1.5 SSE EEG
130 to 139.9 cm..-.-.-- | 15.1 15. 0 13.8 | 13.7 —1.3 | —1.3 | + .1] + .1
140 to 149.9em-....... | 15-2 15.1 | 13.9 | 13.9 —1.3 | —1.2 + .1 0
150 to 159.9 cm..--..- 15. 6 15. 3 | 14.2 | 14.2 —1.4 | 11 + .3 | 0
160 to 169.9 em......- 1559" (S55 258 | 1: Ol pee ee SOM see ae eA eis See TRA Sst
AGUItS? = a0 5= | 15.8 15.5 | 14.7 | 14. 4 —1.1 | Sigal | + .3 | + .3
| | | |
The maximum horizontal breadth of the head follows the growth
of the body somewhat less regularly than does the length. There is,
apparently, but little advance in this dimension in the lower stature
groups, the main increase taking place after the children have reached
the height of 150 em. This condition may be observed in all the
divisions.
As to differences between the two tribes, the conditions are the
reverse of what they are with respect to the length of the head. As
to sex, in males the breadth of the head, like its length, is at nearly
every point in growth a little greater than in the females of the same
height. In both the tribes dealt with in this paper the differences are
least in the case of children ranging from 140 to 150 em. in stature.
118 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Height of head (biauricular line-bregma)@
Wak ie San Carlos Apache. ma tere | rover Apache. Baxces ae
| Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. | Apache. | Pima.
| em. em. | cm. cm. | cm. cm. | cm. cm.
110 to 119.9em_.....- | 12.7 12.5 | 12.8 | 12.44 +401 Ol eet 2 +0.4
120 to 129.9em......- | 12.8 12.6 | 12.8 12.5 0 a ie (ne coe ao) +3
130 to 139.9 em_....-. | 12.8)| 12.3 13.1 | 12.6 48) ES) | ees fo
140 to 149.9em....... 13.0 12.8 113.99) |- gs She cok ah reel eet ea Bi
150 to 159.9em_....-. | 13.3 | 12.9 13.3 1Beiy | 0 HE |) se LY
160 to 169.9em....... (rt ee ce p> HSeRseceee an 32 Cee Feels
Adults-..-2.:. 185 |. * 360 |-e = 1388 13.4 | 4.3 fix |e ee ee
a Obtained by a spreading and a sliding compass. The branches of a suitable compass d’epaisseur
are introduced well into the auditory meati and allowed to rest on their floor. The expansion of the
instrument is noted, with the scale held over the bregma region; the distance from the bregma region
to the lower edge of the scale is measured by the rod of the compas glissiére, and a simple arithmetical
process gives the biauricular line-bregma height. With practice the measurement becomes easy, rapid,
and at least as reliable as the measure of the same height by any other method. With due care, par-
ticularly as to the temperature of the instrument, the branches of the compass in the ears cause but very
little discomfort. The writer has used this method for many years with satisfactory results.
The preceding tables show that the height of the head increases
slowly and quite regularly up to full adult age. In nearly all cases
it is slightly greater in the Pima than in the Apache, the difference
being most marked in the adults. In the several stature groups this
measurement is found to be greater also in the males than it is in the
females.
To summarize: (1) It is found that in the Apache and the Pima
the three principal diameters of the head increase slowly and without
much irregularity throughout childhood and adolescence until full
adult life. In this important phase of development there is no radical
difference as compared with the whites.
(2) The proportion between the three diameters differs in the two
tribes. The Apache children and the adolescents of both sexes and of
all stature groups show less length, decidedly greater breadth, and
less height of the head, than the Pima.
(3) Sex differences in the two tribes are uniform, showing through-
out the period of growth and into adult life a slight excess for the
males in all the diameters.
The relation of the three head diameters to one another may be
shown to advantage throughout the different stature groups by rep-
resenting the measurements in their relation to their mass taken as
100, as in the succeeding table. These measurements show how small
are the changes in the relative values of the three dimensions through-
out a large part of the period of growth. This is manifest also in the
indexes calculated from the measurements (see general tables at end
of chapter).
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Stature in em.
105 110 120 130 140
to to to to to
109.9 119.9 129.9 139.9 149.9
ee — OO sO
14099
130°%o0
BULLETIN 34 PLATE XixX
Adults
150 160 170
to to to
159.9 169.9 175
140°%op
Apache
130% 99
120° /o0
110%
100° 9
90),
140 oo
1309/9)
120°), x)
110%
100%o9
90°/o0
120/59
110%/oo
100%
90! ‘loo
140% 99
Pima
130%
120%o9
110°%o9
100°%/oo
90° iv)
Boys
MEAN CEPHALIC DIAMETER
STATURE (S=1,000) IN THE
(CEPHALIC MODULE)
— — — Girls
IN RELATION TO
INDIAN CHILD
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 119
Per centum relations of the three principal cephalic diameters, by stature groups
(The three measurements combined= 100)
s = =
Diameter antero-poste- | Diameter lateral ee see
rior maxim. | maxim. Height of the head.
Stature. =) Pees: t aici | Apache. | ] pees, | peepee I ima.
alo. | Ee lagcia | Fe- ala| Fe- ala | Ee- | pi enioen ees ,| Fe-
Male. male. Male. male. | Male. male.} Male. male. Male. male. Male. male.
BR SFE oe . EE bes. x
| | |
MIO GOALO:O end: 223/550. -5% 37.9 38.4 | 39.8 | 39.9 | 33.8 | 33.2 31.4 | 31.3 | 28.3 28.4 | 28.8 28. 8
20 TOne2o Gems. —- sci. 0 l= 38.3 37.9 | 39.8 | 40.2 oo. 4) heen! ale4e |) 80!9) 1) 28:3 28.5 | 28.8 28.9
TIONGO Wee OCDE: =... ae os < 38. 5 38.5 | 40.2 | 40.1 | Sone Govoe| cnr | ole, IP 28.2 27.7 | 29.1 28.7
WAGON 4gSieme 2...) - 38. 2 38.4 | 40.3 | 39.9 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 30.6 | 31.1 | 28.5 28.3 | 29.1 29.0
US Uae Ate res 38.1 38.3 | 40.1 | 39.6 | 33.4 | 33.5 | 30.9 | 31.4 | 28.5 28.2 | 29.0 29. 0
ipo oo.9'em ..-.---.-.- chat haa Meee ANN OM ass4— = BRE Gulloane tes Oi eres eS ys ees a a8 ES Ee
Adults............| 38.95 | 38.0 | 40.2 | 39.7 | 32.9 | 33.7 | 30.8 | 31.2 | 28.15 | 28.3 | 22.0] 29.1
| | |
The mean of the three principal diameters of the head is known as
the cephalic module. This indicates the size of the head and is of
much use as a concrete figure in the study of head growth. It is con-
venient further in contrasting the size of the head with the stature.
The module and its relations to stature are given in the following
table and curves (pl. xrx). Of the conditions which these data reveal
the continuous growth of the head until full adult life, the slight
excess in the size of the Apache head as compared with the Pima head,
and of the male head as compared with that of the female, have
already been shown.
The module-in-relation-to-stature figures show that the head in
relation to the height of the body is largest in the smallest—that is,
in the youngest—children, the proportion decreasing steadily with age.
In adult and in some of the groups of adolescent females the proportion
of head to stature rises and finally exceeds considerably that found
among adult males, a fact which shows that head growth in the young
women continues even after the cessation of growth in height.
Size of the head, as expressed by the mean diameter of the head, or cephalic module, by
stature growps
spe ee J Cephalic module in relation to stature
Cephalic module. | (stature=1,000).
Stature. | Apache. | Pima. Apache. Pima.
Male. Female. | Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female.
< = == 52) £
Chile ROT cm. cm.
110 to 119.9 em... ___. 14.9 14.6 |° 14.8 14.9 128 126 131 130
120 to 12y:9'em.-...2_.| 15.1 14.8 14.8 15.1 118 118 117 120
130 to 139.9 em...._.. 15.1 | 14.6 15.0 | 14.6 112 111 110 108
140 to 149.9cm....... 15.3 | 15.1 15.1 | 14.8 105 104 104 102
150 tys\i9.9 em... ..- 15.6 | 15.2 15.3 15 100 | 98.9 | 97.9 98.1
160 to 169.9 cm_....-.. 15.8 | 15.5 15.5 15.4 96 95.6 93.7 94.9
170 to 175.0cm......- Il eden WEE cep cod ate GSR (eee CLG eecbiceeae
Ad wtsss5.2.2 | 16.0 15.35 15.9 | 55815 94 | 97.9 | 92.3 98.1
120 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Size of the head, as expressed by the mean diameter of the head, or cephalic module, by
stature groups—Continued
Apache compared with Pima. Males compared with females.
. alk ‘Module in relation : | Module in relation
Stature. Cephalic module. ee aati | Cephalic module. | état ate:
Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. | Apache.| Pima. | Apache.| Pima.
aS -- | —- = || ==
cm. cm. | cm cm | |
110 to 119.9em....... +0.1- —0.3 —3 —4 | +0.3 —0.1 +2.0 +1.0
120 to 129.9em....... eS ah, S078 seh |e 2 2) fhe! = 8 3040)| sone
130 to 139.9em....... ell £0 +2 +3 5 ord +1.0 +2.0
140 to 149.9em....... a2 + .3 etal Tee ys sae var + .3 +1.0 +2.0
150 to 159.9em....... + .3 + .1 +2.1 +.8| +54 ep Dl ae eeoled eee
160 to 169.9em......-. + .3 are ad! +2.3 + .7 + .3 + .1 + .4 —1.2
170 to 175.0em......- ath 52 bainele Race SSL SBy| bee Oe |we gee Se ol ean ee stien a seme |------2---
dults e275 522 +.1{ +.0] 41:7] -— .2| + .65| + .55|. -—3.9| —58
| | |
Growth of the face.—The measurement of the face was restricted to
its two principal dimensions, namely, height and maximum breadth.
The height, measured with the compass d’épaisseur (Mathieu), is
the distance from the lowest point of the chin in the median line,
the compass being applied with some firmness, to a point corre-
sponding to the nasion. The location of this point is not difficult to
determine with fair accuracy if the investigator has a working
acquaintance with the location of the naso-frontal suture in chil-
dren’s as well as in adults’ skulls.¢
The breadth is the maximum bizygomatic diameter, measured also
with the compass d’épaisseur. This measurement offers no special
difficulty in subjects of any age.
The data obtained are arranged in the succeeding form:
Growth of face, by stature groups
Height of face. | Diameter bizygomatic maximum.
Stature. Apache. | Pima. | Apache. Pima.
Male. Female. | Male. Female. Male. | Female. Male. | Female.
cm. cm. em. cm. cm. | cm. | em. cm.
110)t0:119:9 en. --- 5... 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.1 12.8 12.6 12.0 | ai ley/
120 to 129.9cm....-.. 9.8 9.7 10.0 9.9 13.1 12.9 1243) 12.2
130 to 189.9cm....... 10.0 10.0 10.4 10.2 TH 13.2 12.8 | 12.5
140 to 149.9em....... 10.5 10.5 10.7 10.8 13.7 | 13.6 13.0 | 13.0
150 to 159.9 cm..... --| 11.1 10.9 1153 11.2 14.1 14.0 13.5 13.5
160 to 169.9cm....... 11.6 11.4 11.9 11.5 14.6 14.4 13.9 13.8
170 to 175.0 cm. ..*... 1 Se Se eee ele LE Die Soe ee iE Sh | Ba oeete ce | ASD |i eek ee
Pes — |
AGUItS Asee es 2 11.8 10.8 12.3 TID 14.9 | 14.1 | 14.5 | 13.8
a The writer prefers the nasion point as the superior terminus of the facial height measurement to
either the obelion or crinion (hair line). The former is always uncertain and the latter is particularly
difficult to determine in the younger children, in some of whom much of the forehead is covered by a
rather long hair-like down.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 11
Growth of face, by stature groups—Continued
Apache compared with Pima. Males compared with females.
ae : ic ae Diameter bizygo vs ees | Diameter bizygo-
Stature. Height of face. nine IEE. | Height offace. | ret ere
Male. Female. Male. | Female. | Apache. | Pima. | Apache. | Pima.
==
em, ecm. | cm. cm. | ecm. | cm. cm. cm.
110 to 119.9cm....... +0.0 | +0.2 | +0.8 | +0.9 | +0.1 +0.3 +0.2 +0.3
120 to 129.9em....... — .2 ee ema S80 |eetaaad! seaplane + .2 + .1
| |
130 to 139.9em.....-. — .4 SoA eee) iain ot Glee = a er + .1 + .3
140 to 149.9 em...-... — 2 S| EET STA ey tb +0 —.1 + .1 +0
150 to 159.9cm. ....-. | — .2 — 3 | 5) 16) =e aol “2 + .2 + 1 +0
160 to 169.9 em....--- — .3 — .1] + 7 + .6 + .2 + .4 +. .2 + .1
170 to 175.0em....... 22h US see oee Nie See ce tS Sa tel lab A Rete bce. eee ee a
| _ —— a
Aduitges2-. 2. Sei eepeievilin es ale y ton 88 SETA) |) ates ofS + .8 | + .7
| | |
The foregoing measurements demonstrate, as do those of the head,
gradual growth of the face among both the Apache and the Pima,
without much irregularity in both principal dimensions, up to a fully
adult age.
Except in the youngest children, the Apache face is somewhat
lower and especially broader than the Pima face, characteristics which
aeree with the difference in the length and the breadth of the head
in the two tribes.
In most of the groups of the children both dimensions of the face
in males are greater than in the females, but the differences are
sheht—much shghter than in adults. It is seen from the figures
in the foregoing table that, in the two tribes under discussion, the
growth of the face in the males continues longer than that of the
stature, though perhaps not beyond the age at which it ceases in the
females.
An interesting comparison is that between the cephalic and the
facial index * during the growth period. The cephalic index in the
males decreases slightly with age, but not in the females; the facial
index in both sexes increases with age, in all probability by reason
of the growth of the alveolar processes and teeth, the face becoming
relatively higher with the increase in stature. As to sex differences,
the cephalic index, on account of the development of the frontal
sinuses, becomes eventually lower in the males, while the facial index,
on account of the greater development in the males of the lower
jaw, becomes higher in this sex in adolescence (for graphic illustra-
tion, see pl. xx).
diam. lateral max. of head 100.
diam. ant. post. max.
facial height X 100
aci i CXS ae a
Facial index diam. bizygomatic max.
a Cephalic index=
122 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Relation in form between head and face, by stature
Cephalic index. Facial index. Males as with
Sees Male. Female. | Male. | Female. dex (inmales), d seen
cn fe eee es ee wie entero cp herbal Mi nal.
eye i roy eel exten eral sel ar eee ay 5
ps cto lees ee fae Pt fe -Yof-" = < Ay
| | | | |
ATO OWISSfeme s2e eee 89.7 | 79.5 | 87.1 | 78.6 | 73.3 | 78.3 | 73.7 | 77.8 | +2.6 | +0.9 | —0.4 +0.5
120 FO 29:9 ome ease | 86.9 | 79.5 | 88.4 | 76.9 74.9 | 80.2 | 74.8 | 81.0 | —1.5 | +2.6] + .1 — .8
130:to 139°9 em) 2--. 22% 86.5 | 76.2 87.7 | 77.5 | 75.6 | 81.9 | 75.7 | 82.3 | —1.2 | —1.38 | — .1 — .4
140) to 149°9vemi 2-2. = 5 87.5 | 76.4 | 86.5 | 76.4 | 76.6 | 81.6 | 77.4 | 83.2 +1.0 |} +0 — .8 —1.6
150 to 159:9 em: -.--... 87.6 | 77.2 | 87.5 | 79.2 | 78.9 | 83.7 | 77.8 | 83.1) + -1 | —2.0} +11 + .6
160' Go 169:9)em): = 2222 -:- 86.9 | 77.3 | 87.8 | 78.0} 80.0 | 85.3 | 79.4 | 88.5) — .9 | — .7] + .6 +1.8
LWOiGou75 cmees 2-2 -)22 S573) Baeiee [Pca a rests SOO te Beco cess erie Wr tha | ete | ed Shale toa
AGES Soc os eee 84.9 | 76.4 | 88.7 | 78.8 | 78.8 | 84.6 | 76.4 | 83.7 | —3.8 | —2.4 | +2.4 + .9
Dentition considered in relation to stature.—Dentition in Indian chil-
dren was considered to some extent with the records of subjects of
known age. In the series now under consideration we can follow the
eruption of the permanent teeth, but, as accurate ages could not be
determined, the progress of second dentition must be compared with
stature. This procedure is not illogical, but has the disadvantage of
a lack of similar data for white children, while records on the progress
of dentition by age in whites are plentiful.
On the basis of what is known of the height of white children at
different ages it is possible to convert the records by age into those
by stature, and the author has followed that course, utilizing Bow-
ditch’s and Daffner’s data, but the resulting figures can not claim to
be more than approximations to accuracy.
The following table affords some basis for comparison:
Second dentition in relation to stature
Whites,@ ap- San Carlos Apache. Pima.
Permanent teeth. pear in aver- aS x . te eh er > Ss
age aU aDOUN Male. | Female. Male. Female.
Height. Height. | Height. Height. Height.
Hirst molarss-. 2. -«.=- LO5icmiae eee 1OGiem eee | LOG:Giemss oe ee 104-115em... | 108 em.
Median incisors. ...... 115-120 em....| 110-123 em....| 106.6-122 em...} 110-125 em..-.} 108-122 em.
Lateral incisors....... 120-123 em. ...| 117-129 cm....| 115-124 em....| 115-129 em-....} 117-126 em.
First bicuspids:..:..- LUSSsCmie see 118-145 em_.--| 115-142 em..-..} 125-141 em_...| 129-144 em.
Second bicuspids...... 135.5-142 em...| 123-150 em_...) 117-141 em....} 125-153 em....| 129-144 em.
Canines* e222 seeee eee 135.5-142 em...| 125.5-141 em...) 117-142 em... .|' 127-145 em... ..} 125-145 em.
Second molars......-- | 146-152 cm... al 130-145 em-.--| 126-145 em...) 127-145 em. ...| 127-148 em.
Phird molarss2. - == | When nearly | 165.1 em. to 157.3 em. and | 164.2 em. and | 150.2 em. and
full grown. full grown. upwards. | upwards. upwards.
a Approximations from data of Daffner (average ages of dentition) and Bowditch (average statures
of Boston white school children of all nationalities) .
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 34 PLATE XX
Stature in cm. Adults
105 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
to to to to to to to to
109.9 119.9 129.9 39.9 149.9 159.9 169.9 175
—~S6 eel (omental aeeieestiil —<—<—$_$—
95 95
Cephalic
90 90
Apache
85 85
80 80
Pima
75 75
70 70
Facial
70 70
75 75
Apache
80 80
Pima
85 85
90 90
— Boys ——-— Girls
CEPHALIC AND FACIAL INDEXES IN RELATION TO STATURE
IN THE INDIAN CHILD
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 123
The figures in the column of whites are not exactly the same as
those for the Apache or the Pima children; they represent the average
approximate stature at which the various teeth appear (the smaller
stature corresponding to the earlier, the greater stature to the later,
teeth of the same kind), while the figures relating to the Indians deal
with the presence of the teeth, the smaller stature being that at which
one or more of the teeth concerned were observed for the first time,
and the greater that after which all the teeth of the kind dealt with
were present regularly.
Notwithstanding the difficulties of proper comparison, the pre-
ceding table is quite instructive. With one or two exceptions there
appear to be no great discrepancies between the whites and the In-
dians. The eruption of the first permanent molars seems to occur ¢
little earlier in the whites, but it must be remembered that the num-
ber of the Indian children available for comparison was small. The
incisors and the bicuspids appear at nearly the same statures in both
races. The canines erupt possibly a little earlier in the Indians, and
the second molars are decidedly earlier in both of the tribes than in
white children. The appearance of the last molars is by no means
retarded in the Indians—rather the reverse—but here comparison by
stature must be given up, for the heights touch a point where inclu-
sion of adults is possible. Retardation and nonappearance of the last
molars occur also among the Indians, but are decidedly less frequent
than among the American whites.
The differences in second dentition in the two tribes are insignifi-
cant. As to sex, there appears to be a little advantage as to prompt-
ness with the females. This is natural in view of the fact that certain
statures for this sex represent slightly older individuals than they do
for boys.
Dental anomalies.—Two instances only of a dental anomaly were
met with in the first dentition, but quite a large number were noticed
in the second. A great majority of the abnormalities (all but two)
were in the upper jaw and the pre-canine region, consisting mostly
of supernumerary cusps or teeth.
The anomalies attending first dentition were in one case the pres-
ence of six instead of four incisors (case 464, p. 124) and in the other
(case 659, p. 124) a partial confluence of a lateral incisor and a canine.
With these may be mentioned persistence of the left lateral lower
milk incisor and absence of the tooth of the second dentition,
observed in one instance in advanced adolescence (case 626, p. 125).
The anomalies connected with the second dentition, besides that
just mentioned in case 626, were of two varieties, both characteristic
and of more than common interest. The first variety, occurring in
124 BUREAU -OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
more than 5 per cent of the cases in both tribes, consists in the pres-
ence of an additional cusp on one or both the upper lateral incisors.
In the Indians the upper incisors of the second dentition are ventrally
deeply concave and shovel-like, differing in this respect from the form
usually found in whites. With this character (thus far apparently
ignored) it is occasionally found that the median point ventrally on
one or both the lateral (very rarely median) incisors develops into a
cusp, which when more pronounced gives the tooth nearly the appear-
ance of a bicuspid.
The second variety of anomaly is a characteristic supernumerary
dental element between or in the neighborhood of
the upper median incisors. This tooth, designated
‘““x”’ in the author’s notes, presents in a large majority
of cases a typical form (fig. 2). It has only a mod-
erately long root and a regularly conical, more or less
sharp, enamel-covered, free extremity. It erupts
seemingly about or slightly after the appearance of
the median incisors, and may be displaced forward,
backward, or laterally. It is found in children of
Fig. 2. A supernu- :
mary tooth (x) oc- both tribes and both sexes, and occurs also among
» ] vith s 3) . .
A Dstae with some. other Indians. In one instance (case 831) there were
requency among
the Apache and two of these strange teeth. There is very little, if
Dai pee any, chance of this anomalous tooth being confounded
with a persistent first meisor.
The writer has arrived at no definite explanation respecting either
the supernumerary incisor cusps or the ‘‘x”’ dental element. Very
rarely one or the other is observed in whites. The cusps may be
regarded as in line of further specialization, while the “x” tooth
seems to be a reversion to an ancient (carnivora, or more remote)
feature, perpetuated and perhaps to a certain extent locally multi-
plied through heredity.
The following list gives in detail the cases of all except the cusp
anomalies. The percentage of occurrence of ‘‘x”’ in the two tribes
examined is even somewhat larger, for undoubtedly in a number of
instances not detected or otherwise learned of the displaced extra
tooth had been removed before an opportunity was had to examine
the child.
Dental anomalies, by individuals
464. Mescalero boy, 112.6 cm. tall (approximately 6 years old): Has in the upper jaw
6 teeth anterior to the canines, 4 being first dentition incisors and 2 supernu-
merary. The extra tooth on each side is small and so much like the lateral
incisors, also smaller than usual, that it was impossible to say which was which.
659. San Carlos girl, 118.3 cm. tall (approximately 7 years old): The right lower
lateral incisor and the neighboring canine, both of first dentition, are smaller
than those of the opposite side and so close together that they appear like one
tooth. All the upper front teeth are in a symmetrical arch and not crowded.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 195
661. Mescalero girl, 119.4 em. tall (7 to 8 years old): In the place of the right upper
median incisor and in front of the canine there is a not-fully-developed (quite
recently erupted) conical tooth (x); in‘appearance this tooth is exactly like
the supernumerary elements observed in corresponding locations in other
examples.
676. Mescalero girl, 126 cm. tall (approximately 9 years old): A supernumerary,
somewhat conical dental element (x) erupted about two months ago, ventrad
to the median incisors and near the median line.
507. San Carlos girl, 133.4 cm. tall (approximately 10 years old): A supernumerary
conical tooth (x) exactly between the upper median incisors.
738. San Carlos girl, 143.7 cm. tall (approximately 12 years old): A supernumerary
conical dental element (x) ventrad of the upper median incisors and near the
median line.
313. Pima girl, 144.3 cm. tall (12 to 13 years old): In the place of the right upper
lateral incisor is a small conical tooth (probably x).
546. San Carlos boy, 145.3 cm. tall (12 to 13 years old): A supernumerary conica
tooth (x), which was found ventrad of upper median incisors and near the
median line.
558. San Carlos boy, 148.5 cm. tall (approximately 13 years old): A supernumerary,
somewhat conical tooth (x) in front, just above the two upper median incisors;
it points forward and downward.
167. Pima boy, 148.6 cm. tall (approximately 13 years old): A typical conical super-
numerary tooth (x), just ventrad to the right upper median incisor and partially
displacing it.
785. San Carlos girl, 151.4 em. tall (13 to 14 years old): A supernumerary conical tooth
(x) between and slightly ventrad to the upper median incisor.
359. Pima girl, 153.8 cm. tall (approximately 14 years old): A supernumerary, some-
. what conical tooth (x), which was wedged in obliquely between the upper
incisors.
827. San Carlos girl, 158.3 cm. tall: A supernumerary, somewhat conical tooth (x)
situated between the upper median incisors, and displacing the left one back-
ward.
586. San Carlos boy, 158.3 cm. tall: A supernumerary tooth (not remaining from first
dentition), incisor-like but somewhat smaller (x?) between the left median
and the lateral upper incisors.
592. San Carlos boy, 159.1 cm. tall: A supernumerary, irregularly conical dental
element (x) ventrad of the left median upper incisor.
831. San Carlos girl, 159.7 cm. tall: Two quite conical supernumerary teeth (x, x)
between the upper median incisors; all incisors and canines were partially dis-
placed.
833. Mescalero girl, 160 cm. tall: A supernumerary conical tooth (x) in the place of
the left lateral upper incisor, which had been lost as the result of caries some
months before.
205. Pima boy, 165.3 cm. tall: A supernumerary conical tooth (x) in place of the left
median upper incisor, which had been lost as the result of caries several years
before.
626. San Carlos boy, 167.6 cm. tall: A persistent first dentition incisor in place of the
left lateral lower incisor.
Puberty.— Investigations on this subject were restricted to girls and
of necessity were reduced to the mere facts of the state of develop-
ment of the breasts and of the existence or nonexistence of men-
struation.
126 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
The earliest signs of the development of the mamme, appreciable
in children when dressed, were noticed in girls of 135 em. and above
in height among the Pima, and in those of 140 cm. and above in the
Apache, these statures representing approximately the age of from
11 to 12 years. From this period (see detail tables in the Appendix)
the breasts grow slowly until in later adolescence they reach propor-
tions which, in whites, would be termed moderate, and in general
they remain thus throughout life. Mamme of excessive size have
not been met with among the Indians.
The data concerning the establishment of the monthly periods were
furnished by the school matrons, nearly all of whom keep a written
record of the menstruating girls. Where any doubts arose they were
easily settled with the aid of the matrons and of some of the older
pupils. In a few instances, in which the function manifested itself
first during school life and during the service of the present matron,
the exact date of its beginning and the circumstances attending this
occasion could be learned. In most cases, however, all that could
be found out was that the girl in question had been menstruating for
at least so long, the term named being generally that of the personal
acquaintance of the matron with the pupil. In consequence of these
conditions, and of the total absence of accurate age records, compar-
isons with white girls, the data pertaining to whom deal with the
age at which menstruation begins, can not be direct or fully satisfac-
tory. Any greater difference that may exist should, however, be
significant.
The conditions found in the two tribes are set forth in the follow-
ing table:
Menstruation (established)
San Carlos Apache. Pima.
Approximate cor- |- [nn annnnt E i Fn eS Bere *e!
Stature. responding age | Num- | Number | Num- | Number |
in the Indians. | ber of | menstru-| Per cent. ber of | menstru-) Per cent.
| girls. ous. | girls. ous.
Wip toss eminem eee Up to 11 years ...| iY fal ARISES SIS ec See | BO ulieeaecnres es | Peete
35:1 to 140'em...-.---~-- | Di [Dees 1 NN Oa 2 2 L
135.1 to 140 em asee events | 1 a 9.5
TAD Hho MA Diemneeneeeee ee | 19 b2 10.5 13 6 46.2
TAD GOROUICIM ee tse 12 to 13 years...- | 34 11 32.4 20 15 | 75.0
150M Stow SbICMmeeee esses 13 to 14 years. .... | 37 | 29 78.4 | 27 25 92.6
WUC MEN Otlas secsesso- | ee 19 19} 100.0 | 9 9 100.0
-A bove 14 years. ..};
160.1 to 166cm..........- | Nees 12 92.3 5 5 100. 0
a Farliest at 142.2 cm. b Karlest at 138.4 em.
It is seen that the conditions are not alike among the San Carlos
Apache and the Pima, a larger proportion of the Pima girls menstru-
ating early. This indicates that on the whole the function is estab-
lished earlier among the Pima, a condition which may be due to
differences in climate, present and past, in the habitats of the peoples,
BRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS LT
the present and probably also the former regions inhabited by the
Apache being the higher and cooler.
As to comparisons with whites, we can utilize Dr. J. R. Chadwick’s
data on a large series (575) of American-born white women living in
Boston. From these data it appears that the American girl in
Boston commences to menstruate in nearly four-fifths of the cases
between 13 and 17, which, according to Bowditch’s measurements,
correspond to heights of 149 and 157 cm., respectively. The maxi-
mum frequency of commencement of the periods, as well as the
average of the setting in of the function, falls between the fourteenth
and fifteenth years, this age corresponding to 155.9 cm. of average
stature. In more than 40 per cent of the Boston young women
menstruation had not begun until after the fifteenth year or the 155.9
em. stature mark (average) had been passed. If attention is now
directed to the table dealing with the Indians, it is seen that in the
stature group of from 145.1 to 150 em., corresponding to about the
thirteenth year of life, in one-third of the Apache and in three-fourths
of the Pima girls examined menstruation had already become estab-
lished; in the next group, statures of from 150.1 to 155 em., or
thirteenth to fourteenth year of age, puberty was fully established in
nearly four-fifths of the Apache and in more than nine-tenths of the
Pima female pupils; and in subjects above 155.1 cm. in stature, or
approximately 14 years of age, only a single girl out of 46 as yet did
not menstruate. The figures leave no doubt as to the fact that
menstruation in the Apache, and especially in the Pima, commences
earlier than it does in the American-born white girls of Boston.2 A
more desirable comparison would be that of the Apache and the
Pima with white girls born in Arizona, but no suitable observations
on white children have been made thus far in that region. Reports
on some of the southern races in the Old World, though differing
with various authors, indicate an earlier average beginning of men-
struation than is encountered in the temperate zone, and especially
in the colder regions.°
Once well established, the menstruation in the Indian woman is
generally reguiar. Neither its beginning (puberty) nor its monthly
recurrence, with rare exceptions, occasions much difficulty. The
periodicity and duration, as well as other characteristics, correspond
closely with those commonly met with in healthy white women.
The notes on the recurrence of menses which appear in the follow-
ing table were taken in 1901 among the Mohave school children by
the matron:
aIn H. P. Bowditch’s The Growth of Children, Eighth Annual Report of State Board of Health of
Massachusetts, Boston, 1877, 12. See also Charles Roberts, The Physical Maturity of Women, The
Lancet, July 25, 1885.
b Among the Yuma a school girl menstruated at 6 and another at 8 years of age. A menstruating
Hopi girl was seen who could not have been more than 9 or at most 10 years old.
cSee H. Vierordt’s Daten und Tabellen, 2d ed., Jena, 1893, 328-329.
128 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Menstruation (commencing days) of Mohave girls, at Fort Mohave school, in the first
half of 1901
|
Numbers designating pupils. Age.| Jan. Feb. Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.
zs . | 2
Nase |
fee ON EES De ree kl NE TED Rak RU Gil s-se Sak D7| he kel JOD ena | eae 4
DAL fotes St! one ai Rein Se Okey penis Oy ame iat 2 7 12 | 19 | Sif, |_ te muee
Ce eNO ee Ae le ee ds ethin olle ere. ul Qi) ase 29 26 | Oy pal ea i
Bie nag Rte Mme 1 Ee CRE NE eee BERR u 22 Oe ste ee 29 palletes
BE oth hak m tb Gue ee cat Se eA RE ERE Boa USS oe 7 OT eee ae cl 6
Giotciot, Sco eg ene Soe A eee cae ee 12 2) 24 Peale ee ee 20 12
Ripe een MN Iu acy Seen, Bie her Wr Ne I NG ee ee 12 2 Dish eres aes PAS ares | Ae
ESA Lag a gd eek eae ee 12 Shenae 10-26 | 27 24 21
Gerth eas 4 Ras ere ey tek Pe eee ea 12 14 Dill Beare | ital eee 13
LOSS i Pe eee ar prte oe ras eee Tn Ce eee oe 12 16 8 DB dl ere: Sige 10 10
LeU Ray BU kL, nc a Min NA eh me RE TRIG Sat ese | eee one |= ee nce 25 24 21
TOES eases. SMa red acs 28 at fy See RS eee ee 12 23 17 17 12 9 6
Sth ys Ah tee Acne Sle eh wee ere A Le he ate ae 12) pean ae Digi ene aed teem is 27 22
TORE CLR Bea Mere ee A uM sh Ss Aa ial eee liens Vee Regen 13 oo ust eas
A ee Nate Se a oP oP at 13 6 Beate 8 2 1
eee Tee Pe Ree SO CT a eal 13 Ta ee 28 CiIAOLS seeds Pe 12
a 7ich ie a OMe tar ek 8 pee oe ce enamels 2 13 15 7 12 15 10 2
Tce aries ere SE ee cee taken culls ae AY 133 Soest [eee pil aes ee 19 24
ihe eot ree ae) ES Reina AN fa a eal Sel nat 13a atte 21 Opi eb 315 ereee
DUA ree aks RCA CUS I RRUR ASHE fe Aer yee wt gt 14 6 27 29 24 24 21
DAs utd be hate b hat Rare Ow ae gene Cee as 14 ll LOR see ee Thi ye = ae 26
DON ETE 2 Ay pe gee dete Ba ea a ial 14 11 | 17 | 16 15 8 4
CE aaa ihe Bite bie tee Gide) sree Oetprel Sn Ne OALS e |e a 16 9) 10 | 17 10 10
BM voles: SSNs a EL ae Hee Seas Sabre e eaasten| 14 PA ba Ss eS aes if A. 2 S* SG en eines
1st Jigen ty a Rg eal ce teks 26 Cree Leet Ste 145 Geese 18 | 20 15 O38 eee)
Op Regen Te Cote eT Mae eRe RO eae! 15 5 2 10 19 23 21
D7. Cote iy jE De. Wal oR Se eA Sy el 15| 5-28 21 19 12 | 10-24 19
Og PAT TUBENS Bole saa Ny See Bie Ps AP hee 15 6 9 | 14 14 10 12
Ci a ened te uy eer peuintn wSyeaeE Coe SN Ge he bs oF 15 16 10 | 160 |") AISBOh| aes heer 12
Ogle te Bre Oni See hte" Al cee, 5 ie ante ty at 16 7 10 | 10 17 19) | See
BIg Ate, Sa eta ange ae ee 16s eee D6 eee 2 3 4
SOR ye vibe ate LARA) Rel bP Rat Weta ead a tees 17 10 4 | 1853/2 S5 255 dee ee | ee eee
95 Pepe hn eivret iy SCE NAB ts TAGs) TA PET io! ieee | Sn on ee | 16-| 58 Fase 3 13
BUF NL ahh nie SN a ee reat Pe ae ema | Seach | Aaa taser Lae | 16 18 31 22
BT ais EN pes ON OR A Dard Rn Nec oete e sed apeeg |S lee pe a let rl DBnl pesos OY as Gree 2
As to changes in the form of the body, it was observed among the
noncivilized tribes that, for several years after puberty, up to the
apparent age of from 15 to 17, the bodies of the girls remain lithe and
of somewhat masculine form, with small legs and thighs, small pelvises
and in general with but little development of adipose tissue. Above
18 years the women are generally married, and often mothers, and the
feminine characters of the body approach more closely those in aver-
age white women of similar age. Among the more civilized tribes,
particularly on United States Indian reservations and in schools, the
girls often begin to grow stout and rather shapeless soon after puberty.
The Pima offer here a good example.
Adolescence in male; beard—The male adolescent shows generally
fair development of musculature, symmetry and plasticity of form,
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 129
and a state of good nutrition. Stout individuals have not been seen
among the males in any tribe before fully adult age. The youth, par-
ticularly in the uncivilized tribes, develop high capacity for walking
and running, as well as for other exercise; and they augment their
natural endurance by training.
Beginnings of beard appear first on the upper lip, and then on the
chin, during about the fifteenth to the sixteenth year; hair on the
sides of the face, usually very scarce, appears much later and may
remain absent.
Special examination as to the appearance of the mustache among
the Pima showed (see detail tables, Appendix) down in a few indi-
viduals below the stature of 160 cm. (corresponding to about the end
of the fifteenth year), and readily perceptible down to sight mustache
in all above that stature.
From the first the beard is more scanty, there being less hair for a
given area, especially on the sides of the face, than among the whites,
and its growth is very slow. It is like the typical beard of the
Malay and the Mongolian. The majority of the young men eradicate
with tweezers every hair that appears on the face and, continuing to
do so, appear glabrous to an advanced age or even throughout life.¢
This condition is never wholly natural. If not interfered with, the
mustache attains the length of from about 14 to 2 inches (3 to 5
cm.), and the chin whiskers 24 to 3 inches (6 to 8 em.). The former
is usually shorter and scanty mesially, acquiring the greatest length
above the corners of the mouth.
GENERAL RESUME OF PHYSIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE INDIAN
CHILD
In order to facilitate a review of the results of the physiological
investigation on the Indian, particularly the San Carlos Apache and
the Pima children of all stages of growth, a recapitulation of the main
facts is here appended.
Locomotion and talking
The functions of locomotion and talking manifest themselves in
the Indian child (Apache and Pima) on the average about as follows:
Sitting free, eight to nine months.
Crawling, nine months.
Standing free, fourteen months.
Walking, fifteen months.
Talking: Commencement (single words) at about 1 year; some con-
nection, toward end of second year; talking well at 4 years; excep-
tions more in direction of precocity than of marked retardation.
a The reason sometimes given for this is that the hair is ugly, or that it is not liked by the women
because it scratches, but the men for the most part merely follow the tribal custom without knowing
the cause of it. It is with them a deep-rooted fashion.
3452—Bull. 34—08——_9
130 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Heart action, lung action, heat production
Pulse: The average heart beat was found more frequent in the
newly born and in the very young Indian children than in white
infants of similar age; but after the third year it is invariably slower
than in the whites.
There are some tribal differences, but they are of minor character.
Sex differences were found to be not pronounced during the earlier
years of the Indian children, but after these reach the age of 5 or 6
years the pulse in the female is slightly quicker than in the male.
Respiration: Racial, tribal, and sex differences are not pronounced
during the earlier years.
From the age of about 6 years and onward there are only slight dif-
ferences between the respiratory rate of the Indian and that of the
white child.
Between the tribes the Apache show a slightly slower respiration
than the Pima, but the difference diminishes with age.
In females more than 6 years old the rate of respiration is through-
out slightly in excess of that in males.
The pulse-respiration ratio increases up to about the fifth year; in
older children it is throughout lower than in the whites; it is lower in
the Pima than in the Apache children; and, except during the first
year of life, is slightly lower in the males than in the females.
Temperature: The mouth (sub lingua) temperature of the Indian
children of school age and of adolescents was found to differ but little
from that in children and adolescents among the whites.@
There are slight tribal and sex differences; in most of the stature
groups the females show a little higher average temperature than
the males of corresponding divisions.
Muscular potency
Muscular force: The pressure force and, in younger subjects, also the
traction appear on the average slightly inferior to those in whites.
There are some tribal differences.
Sex differences are pronounced, especially among the adolescents,
the males being in all three tests the stronger.
The right hand in right-handed persons, the left hand in left-handed
persons, is generally the stronger.°
Growth
Body, height sub- and supra-ischia: The proportion of height above
the ischia to total height diminishes up to about the fourteenth year
of age; in subsequent years it shows a slight augmentation.
Tribal differences are quite insignificant.
a See Temperature in adults, p. 142. b See Muscular force in adults, pp. 146 et seq.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS Lick
In females above 130 cm. in stature the percentage of the height
above ischia in total height is on the average slightly greater and that
of the length of the lower limbs slightly less than the same in the
males of corresponding statures.
Weight: The weight of Indian children and adolescents is in general
slightly greater than that of whites of corresponding statures.
There are some tribal differences in both sexes.
The boys are the heavier for all statures up to the approach of the
period of puberty, when they are overtaken by the girls.
Growth of the head and face: The growth of the head and face in
all principal dimensions proceeds without any marked diminution at
any period throughout childhood and adolescence, ending only at some
time in the adult life.
The absolute proportions of the principal head and face diameters
differ much in the tribes; they are all larger in the males than in the
females.
The size of the head and also of the face, as compared with stature,
diminishes with growth, as in the other races.
Cephalic ee decreases slightly (the head Reconnine relatively
longer) with growth in the males, but not in the females; ficial index
increases (the face. becoming relatively higher) with growth in both
sexes,
Teeth
First dentition: All the teeth of the first dentition appear in the
same order in the Indian child as in the white.
All the incisors erupt on the average at about the same age in the
two races.
The appearance of the first premolars and canines seems to be some-
what belated in the Indians.
The eruption of the posterior premolars and the completion of the
first dentition are accomplished earlier in the Indians.
Second dentition: The incisors, both bicuspids, and the first molars
appear at about the same age as in whites.
The canines.seem to appear a little earlier in the Indians.
The second molars erupt decidedly earlier and the third possibly a
little earlier in the Indians. Retardation in the eruption and the
nonappearance of the last molar are less frequent in the Indians than
in the whites.
There are no pronounced tribal or sex differences.
Puberty
Breasts: Development of the breasts commences in the Apache and
Pima girls during the twelfth year.
There are some tribal differences.
132 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Menstruation commences earlier in the Indian than in New England
white girls, and retardation is less frequent.
Tribal differences exist.
In the males the beard begins to appear on the upper lip and soon
afterward on the chin, from the fifteenth to the sixteenth year; on the
sides of the face much later. It is more scanty than in the whites,
especially on the sides of the face.
Children and adolescents of the other Southwestern tribes, so far
as examined, correspond in all essentials, except in the absolute
measurements of the body, with the Pima and Apache.
PHYSIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON ADULTS
The observations that 1t was possible to secure on adults may be
divided into those obtained by the aid of instruments and those
gathered in other ways. The former, which receive precedence in the
text, included many measurements that will be more properly treated
of in other publications. All the data relate only to normal, full-blood
individuals, others having been excluded.
STATURE
The growth of the body is a definite function of the organism and
adult stature is its culmination The subject of growth will here be
dealt with from this viewpoint only.
The following table gives the results of the writer’s measurements
of normal and healthy adults between about 20 and 60 years of age
in 38 tribally or geographically distinct groups. All the heights were
taken with the subjects barefooted and bareheaded, by means of
a square and Broca’s graduated plane, suspended 1 meter above a
solid, level surface. The numbers of subjects, though too small
in some instances, may be considered on the whole as fairly suffi-
cient; and the results of measurements agree in every case with the
more extensive visual observations.
Average statures
| Males. | Females. | Differ- Ratio
Tribe | : ; Tae = _ ence — (female
: leases: Centi- Gasca C enti- (in centi- | stature=
| meters. | meters. BECO] 100).
Maricopa os aae— cae See ee eee 40 174.9 30 160.4 14.5 108. 4
PY 20 oer > Ee een eae ieee 37 | 472.2 5 161.7 10.5 106. 5
PUMA te ee See ee ee eee ae 53 171.8 30 157.4 14.4 109. 1
Mohave (Needles and Fort Mohave) ..-....-- 45 171.6 25 158.5 13.1 108. 3
TicanillavAyp a Chie sees eens een a Ua eee eee | se cccoe [ee eee
INI VaOle teenie eons sere eine ane Se eCee 50 171.3 | 30 157.3 14.0 108. 9
WihipeRivercAtpa ches ae a= s asses ane eae 52 | Alea || 30 | 157.2 13.9 108. 8
PAD ABO Se: Cee cokes ae eae ohn te ee 50 | 170.9 30 155.9 15.0 109. 6
lavas Dallas. cece a asa eee Eee eee 10912 T7088 Pisce ee Allee NAA eee ee leseeemeeae
Yavapai Mohave (San Carlos)...............| 40} 170.4 | 15 | 159.9 | 10.5 106. 6
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 133
Average statures—Continued
Males. Females. | Differ- Ratio
Tribe. Centi- Gee (Peescun cane
| Cases. meters. | Cases. meters. | meters). i 100).
ami GamloswAmachewere= eosnt maa. eS 43 169.6 20 157.1 | 12.5 108. 0
SEENTIOT SEB A eerie ne 50 169.6 | 33 | 154.2 | 15.4 110.0
NVR Riise suse Sasa yet ee ees lene eee 35 | 168.6 | 10 159.6 | 9.0 105. 6
PSietam tie Dlose sr). oss fen ae ocean eine 30 LG SxS Pa cerecece lsticeees a alnemniacncchekawnace ae
Mescailloro-Apaches. =... fa. 25-2 sane 25 LOO iba locas Se cisiadis sins seers SA ree orl ae any ee eee
ENE eae a re 53 167.3 30 | 155.2 11.1 107.8
ROP OGL Biter eth lacs olen seiko See ee He es reese 30 167. 0 20 155.0 12.0 107.7
SDD Ora Nel UT Oa Ee ae es Soe CRE oecre Se aeee 50 166.85 20 153.7 13. 15} 108. 6
fSHiim,J te ho el EAB Te) of Kot Ve alee cee areas ee aa re BW Mey Ne Sasocoe eedeen-eoc| Seepeeemgee \eses=eeese
PAnNvoMOOMINneOVvPUeCDIOS =... so s.-5 2. o-ce sees 40 eel aSse ne Sk a ea A ee eee
Mepehuane (Souther) - .2 <2. $4222.25. 482 eae 40 165.3 15 151.6 eer 109. 0
COM ANE UG DLOS notice cose selec some serisag8 14 165.0 Pea | Se ere ee Roo ec eth Soe e
IN (MD ae Ee a hes IU ae ee on eae ene Ree 50 GBs [eee cemeleceer Se ae ene ant eae geet
STADIA Coe ea. See seein dos aeeseowie ces at 23 164. 2 10 | 152. 7 WD 107.5
BRA OSURUED OS a= San yao eee see eee 38 U6 oe cH ah ea ae Sees Ree See ee geen ae
Ein Ea tg Sa ter ae ee ee ea ee S34 164. dh 2 Os |S) 9182.2 11.9 107.8
ENO DUMERUIC LOS ian pe ces Se ace ce ws a he ee 60 163.8 20 150. 7 i EE 108. 7
Pena ee DOSS so aces eee ee eee | 65 163.7 30 153.8 9.9 106. 4
Butte ueblosss? 2s) oe) ee i fet EO) TESS 5) 180 150. 4 13.1 108. 7
‘Eieyitcl Yay See oe eee en 30| 163.4 9} 154.3 9.1 105.9
Tun codes Ge eee eee eee ed 50| 163.1 | 30] 150.8 12.3 108. 2
CONTCOW apo Gu Het cE (0) VPS ee ie ee te = es ee 12 16258) Gees Eyes ev eM emer star lence pe i
IMEC ZEUS DIOS) se eee eee ee neat elas ene 40 1238 7a tem oe | ee ah aoe Hine gent Bae (Spo ie i Be
(SUG), EWE ODOR) 2 Riya ce hee ee eke ee a eer ee 7 Noe ee ese alle Seta ta | EM ratte ne Meroe Ce
PALO OUND) ib. Se 02a cise Sete eee 50 161.0 30) 148.9 12h 108. 1
MEV Ci G0 DSS Es eS Oe Bee et Sey eee ee 41 ING) O52) Fes ies orca hee es be lL ee een a te a
FROHE CATO Lm maser eae oN ee kee ae Sek ere 25 WG) ret i apes es a |e SE ee tes aos | bean kere
On Or ie (ELL BO) eee ahs oe eee oe Sees aes 50 158.5 25 | 147.3 11.2 107.6
' 1
The tribes have been arranged by the average stature of the men,
beginning with the tallest, and this adjustment brings out remarkable
features.
The tallest four tribes are those of the hottest and lowest portion
of the Southwest, the valleys of the lower Gila and Colorado. Other
tribes of these lowlands, the Cocopa as well as the Seri, are tall people,
and, as the table shows, the Papago and Yaqui (among the latter of
whom are many tall individuals) are not much shorter. The tribes
do not all belong to one physical type. The Maricopa, Yuma, and
Mohave, with probably the Cocopa, form one group (moderate brachy-
cephals), while the Pima and to a certain extent also the Papago and
Yaqui belong to another (moderate to pronounced dolichocephals),
with Seri uncertain. oa
| = : nas ~ +
| ee) = © a wy
| a~| = E ilies
| \ oS go ay = x S
Absolute oe os 3 ; < ‘ S = a :
measurements. | & : ZS g a Es a cS =I < A
> eg — ° i 5 =| n n = oD
= = = [arse 4 S wa aS & wa S) S LV
Pho meee Ss. | ollie lee fe | Sol oa
Batts erie e) io Byala eerie lite tee: ol ok hey oles
a | ao |S 5 Z S Ay an) = n a =
| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct. P.ct
Rae omOMBor leeds) |ue2ap! |e sema|s ocd - ee 2v hie sere |Estsds| hececelncartse|aaness |e acclea|efeees jaeaes tie |e
185 to 180.1 em... ... WeONON eed Be Te iliteD Dh ee eee ee a SeOn tern Outen eae OR be saas VeeOsOb eae
180 to 175.1em...... 30.0 | 27.0 | 26.4 | 17.8 | 32.5 | 22.0 | 25.1 | 30.0 | 10.0 | 12.5) 9.3 | 20.0} 17.1
175 to 170.1 em... --. 27.5 | 35.1 | 32.1 | 40.0 | 22.5 | 42.0 | 23.2 | 32.0 | 60.0 | 40.0 | 34.8 | 32.0| 22.8
170 to65.em): Yo. - 10.0 | 24.3 | 22.6 | 28.9 | 32.5 | 26.0 | 26.9 | 16.0 | 10.0 | 35.0 | 39.6 | 18.0| 31.5
165 to 160.1 em... ..- 10.0} 5.4} 11-3] 88} 10.0 | 10.0 | 17.3 | 14.0 | 20.0) 7.5] 16.2 | 18.0) 20.0
HGOMO: 15p=Wemles a a|sen-se Deitel se cioael| Se ao se PLB Rector 195 GnG: ON Sees Petey ere 10.0 8.6
ASOLO OOM CINE Barto |S ee ase |b eee arsa edt bese Sleasee- Boer (eter gee [Uae ieee ne ol war
Average stature of |
the bribes-c sss 174.9 |172.2 |171.8 |171.6 171.3 |171.3 |171.1 170.9 170.6 170.4 |169.6 169.6 | 168.6
} |
a See especially Topinard, éléments d’anthropologie générale, 1885, 458-460.
136 BUREAU: OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Variations in stature (males) by stature groups
£3) SSA GS
(=) > = n LP) onl is =
| 4 Sic | Seles a] oe a |e
Absolute g | a Solos omnes Sar
measurements. = a " A= = 50 Si 2 ? 2 S
to . Zz P io S| o 3 S Z a}
=) 2 oS = | q q q ey 1D 5 = =
A a ale § Ss 6 = a & 3
3 a a 3 5 z s Ee z 1
° re) ler) A 8 =
a) (5) = o 5 3 a 3
ial soahres eae paul ENS Se Cus hee | een net lh en oer
4 = = S) n n a = a Z a - Oo
PP» cta\ PN Ct. WP aCe |ePxChVees CEs | el ee nGL |e Che) elon Clan eeea Chey | l= Coss Plat Ghent
TS7eo tO Som kemer serene leer 1. Qia| ee ah se Sl seal aoc a | tess (Ree ee eres | coke al Seer eee
185 to 180.1 em...-.- Neeser lemiere te tect! Sasa meey: BA eee Dub rigors Ale oe ee pn Weta
TSO COMO sCmMis- aa 3.3 S(O) || cl eBalle Bazeall Ot = Beh xe he De, OF a eeteeee 7A Ul eae 5.3 1.9
L7Srco L70-emy 22 26.8 DVM OE TG Aa) GAO) | POR Tel IPR bs sO I aoace 620.) 18:0"), 105 11.4
LVOLtOnlo5slicme qe. -- 50.0 | 28.0 | 33.9 | 30.0 | 38.0 | 24.2 | 45.0 | 42.5 | 57.2 | 32.0 | 43.4 | 15.8 30.9
N6SscOM G0 eivem peer 2s We 7 \83220 | Lod 33.3 2805)- 18. 2) | 32.5.1 53010 | 28.5 | 46.0 | 17.4 | 34.3 35.9
1GOntowloonl ens ce see 3.3 8.0 ONE TOKO) | 16200! sie 2) alON ON zed aes ALON lneler de oda VEZ;
SPY Me MEDI Crt sw eeee|deasr |e aeete Wirsaseleseae= AY OBS ONS5 | sare Meee |ehoe ees Bees Si 7a pa 1.9
Average stature of |
THeOGTIDe ee 168.3 167.5 167.5 |167.0 166.8 |165.9 [165.6 |165.3 165.0 /164.3 |164.2 |164.1 | 164.1
— = — Ss a = — oe Olt a —— oe
SSS opule Ral S S
S n | S = wy S ma
> ° > 7 ~ iS)
Absolute = ee pS, ; : iS Teed Ba Soe sie ee bia ole de!
measurements. | < or S S S ¥ es 2 4 = a =
| @ Ay 'o VS LY | 3 rH a ay ° en]
ae 8 = a ° ‘ a o al 5 5 =
iam Aq Ay fetit Salles sor ga N 5 os q 3 =
a =} ‘4 'S a = o) i) ® S o i
& | 3 Sa nS iS) g ey : a, iS)
iS a 3 5 a = 5 ic N x o Pp
q 4 N ian a (e) 5 12) <4 = i= ie)
| | cima a | | Vel . oe Loe
P. ct, | P. ct.| P. ct. | Pct. | Pict, | P, ct, | Pot.<\P, cts P. ct) "P. cts) Pl ct | eee.
AStebito 185. kcue ne ee see ares se Ie Paras (Seat a eetye Gol ets Peis seen eae (Mover eos Fes
185 FOU SOMemea os ean aee Hie regenera: LB See arses eres Je Apes a ps aae | oP ASAE|Soesaa|aas=3) 2.5552
TIESLO) ayes era orb wee gee se (ice IN eA tear Ls me a OR Yi ae et Sa oe jee no aoa Sea eels ee ALON | wes ah |e
oO) WOM Cie = 15.0 6.1 V7 Gat WerlONOs| So cee cr ore say | se ae 2.0 9:85). a Saeres
170'to'165:1 em--.<-. 23.4 40.0 | 33.3 aoe) | 20.0 | 33.3 | 22.5 | 14.3 | 18.0 | 26.9 | 12.0) 8.0
165 to 160.1 em..-.-- 38.3)| 29.2 | 26.6} 40:0 | 38.0} 50:0'| 27.5 |) 57.2 |-26.0 | 29.3 | 40:0) | 36:0
160 to 155:1 em’... --- 16.7 18.4 23.3 | 16.7 | 30..0 16.6 | 35.0 | 28.6 | 46.0 | 17.1 | 36.0) 32.0
155) to) 15051 em. ss. 6.7 6.2 5.0 | BOS ee | See ee 2215) emese 8.0 | 14.6 | 12.0 | 240
Average stature of |
thHestribessa: see e 163.8 | 163.7 | 163.5 | 163.4 | 163.1 | 162.8 | 162.7 |162.4 |161.0 |160.9 |160.2 | 158.5
| | | |
EE
HRDLICKA]
Variations in st
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
ature (females) by stature groups
Lo} o e ) |
Bd 3 8 |
a ws = feel lacs
n . |
F Ss r¥) & a S ey | |
c~ oP S) Z 5 : qd «| ‘
Absolute measure- | & og] 3 Fa iayee| ees SpA exer iin Peal
ments. ve = oi nc a 8 |S 3 3g |a&& && lates S
a ee | Gl oa} a o | 5 UP Rs Select Hi RN os
iS a pea ep a | o i) a z Y — ay
ee eer ese (ee | ae ae Sle alts Voth os
3 Eg eerie | Oa Wel ts a | 3 | oe | oe | 2
= val aw |e 5 Ai AY qjia4 2) al S
Perch |\P. ct.) P. ct. | P. ct.\ Psct.| Pict.\-Poct:|\ P. ct. | P-ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.\ Pct. | P: ct:
UDF iho) THO A eS 5 ASE oh besuinsl eacooe Bosees Bosses Eseses He Seae Mesos Meese Me amlerd Meese ae 10.0
AOMCONL6o-1CM. >.<. =< | 10.0 | 20.0 Seti || 20s On eee ee 3.3 BRO) la eetae eters 6.7 DFO bears celsetene
16a 00. T6031 em 2. 43h eCOnOn| sane |m20sObh anaes QB Neasaul ZnO) |e ae. 40.0 | 20.0} 9.1 30.0
MBO bONM DD: Gm... ==): = Boro LOOM e2Oa a |p2es O glen se ae OO; 0) dao) 4080glhocca=| 46.7 | 40.0 | 33.4 60. 0
155tbO) WOOL CMs. 22 Gig jleeenoe SOS On a24 Oh ae 1657-82050 32627 eee. Gee |RoosOk| 4 ononle cen
UG Oi rtoy a Yost NCe3 0 0 eee Sic the oroce 6.7 Se ON eees= Giie wLOSOM PS taal enee ae sere eel 1p eee
145 to 140.1 cm ......|.--..-|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|-- 2-2 - [ee eee |e eee ]e eee
EVO (opal yore ashes Seal aeten Soc eens opens eS eee BSSeEe) SSSnee Renee | See meeis| eee Meno nn een: Meee
Average stature. 160. 4, Gl (157-4 \15855. |5 2. Mista Lote se) LOos9) | pee 159.9 |157.1 |154.2 | 159.6
| —— — = —— ———
ene
: eS D S oO ;
FS alta este itera fs S
a | 3 ei es ee ele S cS ;
iS} = @ =} ° oS. = a
Absolute measure- | 3 z : 8 5 AY Tapes | a TS g ie}
ments. @ ° =~ S g 8 OS) post 3 e :
esas hacen eee ere lass a | Ete space A Bales | eS
Fu = = o =) ° 3s a 3 =I a a
a FS ° S aq 5 Qa | sy 2 4 i
S) = =) let i=) s nD
5 Dn | ma es} 3 q 2 Le (o) oq H fo) s
a Oe pa ey i) = ‘Ss ey ro) Ss os} os} °
A = a | o n n mn le < A a a Ss)
P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P. ct
TERS Los TADS Cora Sa cea et el eae ee ia a5 BROreel beacic SASres| facet Sa seeo aseooe) Aneess| Scaasek
Ono MGoulGm) 2252-0 |ss2 52 .|'o- =a ONT liserc | meee | aes seiusiss es Sostsecl seas. leslsieeel icecee|eciccics| ees
Pebsuor GOshcm see a|l e220 ee mm Os 7( GRU" CaO) Seco Beco haasea| Pace el boson) Mo eees| Beees | Serer
TOORGOML55 ACM ee eens |. 2 -- | 40..0 EX) sesh (0) Sees es oS ise Se sece [ete os 2OLOR ES cee 10.0
Pasiboyls0: em | .2=-= IS Sse Sere 33.3 | 20.0 | ZOE Oi Sete eee HSS Si Gesees eosess 60508 ae 70.0
WHUECOSP45: Iwemy= 522k oe |ek coos TSrSahlosO: pes aOulelsse ones ae Bos 4 lee ee | sco ae 2000S eee 20.0
PASI UORLAO eM sane | a eee sol IE aye Ds Oia hems Obi | keener) ere oegel het oom [erate iste | teers alse as etal eine [eee ee
TA (He: TRY Gams Sa ls 2 ee Re se al sa Seon Reeser anes cee Soe Sel sc ote Meio ot eee! [eee eas
Average stature.|......|.----- 155. 2 |155.0 153. (| Hess eases MSHI Ce eaters ieee 52a |seseas 152.2
Ee ieee & 8g
> Ss 5 > Vv
SN Onn | 2 = 5
D : fs F =| =
Absolute measure- | & 3 i S S i 2 2 E S
ments. 3 & 2 S) S = £ a : : ra
2 Co) = 5 wa} = as (=) a0}
= 3 =| me ° L Ay © n 5 a i
py =| a sg 9 = § 5 gif uel S =]
= oo S) esl | ev A 3 S ra) =|
= & rs} g=| B ° | Pe N a 3
° 3 5 S) 3 +e 5 & N sS co) ~
re ea] 4 N ea] a ie) 5 n <4 a a (2)
IDS GE) TES || SRE \) Tis | TER |i S22 Gin |) 2a Paarl dee ais PEN ora ea ail LS eae
UCP HO WELT Gita: in SN eS oP | AR i De ne cnt ee PV eae ce ce ee ea eee
TOMO MGS ems: 22 -|sance ce BUR a et sel bere aa By (eke etal ees ret Moe ae teeming Seal neces IS
L6d5iGon60-em= 2-2 = 6.8 jay ee ae 10.5 Soy be opee po cocre lesen C8 dial aocder neces Eoeac
160 to 155:1 em... -. TSS see L Osea 2050) | 212 1 DER, Wie a ce (re || ae Seioi ill eaisiselel| slerslete = |eterai= ete
as tor50el emi ss. | Sls Ob 4020) | 2657 57.9 2D On eeeete ce lence. See crete BLO (all eee cel mrcrae 16.0
150 oO 145: Liem.—s 25 38. 0 Dose ators) 10.6 SOLON | Rote celle ee eealisaoe a= Cn dl Bore beeaes 56.0
145 to 140.1em...... 10.4 33.3) OsS7ful ee Ses Be Sos ace SSbU ae a Beenee TGS Ga ose Nes sot 24.0
WAUEEOR S7eGlCMs 5 see alee tere Se SEA |e sae Scere alse 228 = [eioskee Chet eee Beoee 4.0
PAVELTSSLAbUTOM TOO Loon Sa lel nOedn doe Sel 1 GOnSa| ee cers ler eet ae oon 1 eee) eed beets 147.3
138 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL, 34
PULSE, RESPIRATION, AND TEMPERATURE
The subjects of pulse, respiration, temperature, and muscular
strength in adults received special attention in most of the tribes
visited. The methods of examination and the instruments used were
the same as in similar studies on children and were described in that
connection.
Special care was taken to segregate the data for entirely healthy
and normal individuals from observations on those who were not
in full health or wholly normal. The chief guide in this process of
separation was the condition of the tongue,® only those individuals
being classed as healthy in whom the organ was normal. Records
secured on other than fully healthy and normal persons, though
not always exceptional, were kept and are given separately (see
detail tables, Appendix).
The following tables give the principal data on pulse and respira-
tion, as well as temperature, arranged on the basis of stature, the
tallest heading the columns. In the more analytic tables only those
tribes are included that gave the larger numbers of healthy individuals
suitable for that particular comparison.
Average, minimum, and maximum pulse, respiration, and temperature in adults in good
health
Males. | Females.
Tribes, arranged by |Num- Num-| /Num- Num- Num- /Num-
stature, beginning | ber ber | Res- | ber | Tem- | ber ber | Res- | ber | Tem-
with the tallest. of |Pulse.| of | pira-| of | pera-|| of |Pulse.| of | pira- | of | pera-
sub- | sub- | tion. | sub- | ture. || sub- | | Sub- | tion. | sub- | ture.
jects. jects. jects.| jects. jects. jects.|
Maricopa: | | oF. | ee
Average......... | { 65 | | 16 | i{ 98.6 | 73 | | 17 98.5
Minimum........ 10 56 | 10 | 14 10 |; 97.2 3 |, 72 3 |) 14 3 98.3
Maximum. ...... | 72 | | 18 99.2 | 76 | 18 | 98.7
Yuma: |
| | |
Average......... | 61 | { 17 '{ 98.1 | 66 | 15. llccrwal (eames
Minimum...__... 12 54 |p 12} 14 |} 12 |) 96.3 11 Eee eae pte Welt aaes os eee
Maximum....... | | 72 | | 22 99.1 | Ries | neis cee |Jn a eeee
Pima: | |
ANVCTASC 3255442 | 63 | | 18 | 98.5 | 67.5 | Wao { 99.2
Minimum........ |b 24 48 | 23 |). 16 |> 24 |: 97.3 4}, 60 |p 4) 16 4\{ 98.9
Maximum....... | He Sze Ht sea 99.4 72 il 19 | 99.5
Mohave: | |
Average......... | | 61 18 | | 98.6 | 62 | 19 98. 4
Minimum........ | 13 | 54 13 14 Nl ere Sere 3 |) 51 3}; 18 | 1 escoee
| | |
Maximum....... | | 66 | | 22 | | Se Rites | | 70 | 20 a0] | eS
Apache: : |
|
ASVETAPe. a2) fs ee 62 | | 16 98.8 | 65 | er 98.8
Minimum........ 20 54 |} 20 | 14 20 | 98. 4 | 7 |) 60 | (ON ane 4) 7 |) 98.6
Maximum....... | 72 18 99.4 || | 72 | 18 98.9
a The Indians, even the children, are not given to complaining. In many instances they say they feel
well when there are plain signs of a different condition. This characteristic, which has often been
mistaken for a lack of feeling of physical pain, is due to the naturally healthful nervous system,
capable of much endurance, and to tuition. Owing to this peculiarity, mere questioning of the
Indian as to his health can not be depended on,
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 139
Average, minimum, and maximum pulse, respiration, and temperature in adults in good
health—Continued
Males. Females.
Tribes, arranged by |Num- Num- Num- Num- Num-} Num-
stature, beginning | ber ber | Res- | ber | Tem- || ber ber | Res- | ber | Tem-
with the tallest. of |Pulse.| of | pira- | of | pera- || of |Pulse.| of | pira-| of | pera-
sub- sub- | tion. | sub- | ture. || sub- sub- | tion. | sub- |) ture.
jects. jects. | Jects. || jects. jects. jects.
| | |
Navaho: . | | oF, oF
ANVOLS SO ccicece es 67 | 17 | '{ 98.6 73 19 98.9
Minimum........ 31 52 30 14 32 |, 97.6 12 |; 62 TS) L6n- yh, wale 97.¢
Maximum....... | | 78 | 21 | 99.4 78 | | 2% | ‘| 99.4
Papago: | |
AVeOTAZO W<-.-)-5 | | 61 | | 18 | 98.8 | | 69 18 | | 99.2
Minimum. .....-- 23 D2 22 | 16 21 |, 97.8 9 |, 54 8 14 9 |) 98.2
Maximum...-.... | 72 | 21 \{ 99.8 | | 78 20 | 99.9
Yaqui:
“Average... .....- | 65 17 | | 99.3 | [ eee se | See | aoe
Minimum......-. 7 51 7 15 Sa ORNS litem ates oe alweette leone fo pce ees
Maximum......- | | 72 | | 20 | || 99.9 [eee | Bac: l| cate
Tarahumare: |
IASVRLAL Oe on | | 65 | | 19 | | 98. 2 | |! | | 18.5 | | 98.8
Minimum.......- se) 54 18 15 18 |; 96.2 | 7 |, 64 6 16 Te OUT.
Maximum....... | 78 22 99. 2 | | 78 | 20 | | 99.4
Hopi: | |
Average........- | | 60 | 17 | | 98.6 | 67 | | 19 | | 99. 4
Minimum.,__..-. 34 48 32 14 |> 34 |) 96.9 | 16 |, 56 14 13 > 16 |2 98.6
Maximum....... 74 20 99.6 il 78 22 | | 99.8
Laguna Pueblos: | |
Average........- 58 \(eeeLon | { 98.6 \{ 57 16 98.7
Minimum......--. | 16 51 16 | 12 | 16 |, 97.1 | 3 56 3 | 5 3 | 98.6
Maximum....... | 68 IL 18] | 99.1 ‘| 58 17 || 98.8
Zuni:
Average.......-- | BT | 17 | | 98.5 | ' | 16 | 99.1
Minimum..._... -|p 26 44 |> 25 | 14 25 |; 97.4 | 3 |, 58 34 15 3/2 99.0
Maximum....._. | 68 19 | | 99.3 | 68 | * | 17 | \{ 99.2
Huichol: | \
ASVOTAZE a= oe | | 64 18 98. 1 68 | 19) || 98.7
Minimum..-_...-- | 16 54 16 | 15 17 [ss | 10 62 | 11 16 | ll | 98.3
Maximum....... | 74 | 22 98.9 il 76 | Val | "99.3
Tarasco: | |
ANVOTA LE 52.5 255-5 59 17 | | Boe | 66 17 | | See
Minimum...._..-.- 8 | 24} 8 BESSA = Sear ot dee es 3 | 60 Sal cael Gi allie a Kee
Maximum....... I 62 20))|) enn ese \{ 71 20 | SER ce
Otomi: | |
Average........- perdi | 17 | | 98.9 Soe Wiccee alt (aren a agers | peel
Minimum......-. 4| 58 |p 4 16 WE Ne cizrecere| | peeiearsl| iscee ee hi oesecl esecce hee earl sae see
Maximum....... | | 70 18 eeu | | Renee | Bees Hee elites
140 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Pulse, respiration, and temperature in relation to stature in adult males
Tallest compared
Tallest 6 individuals. Shortest 6 individuals. with: shortest in-
dividuals.
Tribe. . | Aver- Aver-
Aver- | Aver- = a age Aver- | Aver- ae ae age Respi-| Le™
age | age | Ss tem- | age a ae tem- | Pulse. Baling pera-
height. | pulse. | vation. De height.| pulse. mation pares ture.
cm. OF cm. : Oya Da,
PEMA Sac socee ae 178.4 | 65.0 18.0 98.4 | 166.1 63.0 18.0 98. 2 +2 | +0.0 | +40.2
Apache (White
RUIVeL)iseee eee 178.3 | 63.0 17.0 98.8 | 166.65 | 59.0 16.5 98. 7 +4/4+ .5, 4.1
Na aihoee eee e= Wee 66.5 | 17.0 98.7 | 164.9 64.5 18.0 98. 6 +2) —1.0 eur all
Papagor ss. .a2 176.3 | 62.0| 18.0] 987 | 160.4 | 57.0) 19.0] 989] +45| 1.0) — .2
FVOpIC Seen steer 1728 6240 17.5 98.6 | 156. 4 54. 0 18.6 98. 4 +8|/—.5| + .2
(Abie eS aera 169.4 | 60.0 17.0 98.6 | 154.4 53.0 18.0 98.3 ‘+7 | —1.0| + .3
‘Excess of average pulse, respiration, and temperature in females over males
Pulse per esp Tempera-
Tribe. minute aaete ture sub
(sitting). (sitting). lingua.
oF.
Navaho s.« <..sjoc pecs sacmeic esis se ase nase wal aoe aa ete werent wistnela cise cise ote +6 +2.0 +0. 3
Pa PAGO) ats asace tame nck Besetine as wae tee eR ee SSR O ESE eae eae +8 | + .0 + .4
PATAAUMATEC. 22 ociscwe She ae see are ce eee eee see ee cee eee emeeer +8 | = .5 + .6
1S Cay ss Se ee Te As DEN ay le em Papa ok ao a +2.0 Suse
ICH Olas ra see Fens none eee oe once eee eee ce ok ooo Pome eae ape | +1.0 + .6
be |
Pulse, respiration, and temperature in connection with time of day, in males
| Early compared
Earliest 6 in the day in each tribe.) Latest 6 in the day in each tribe. | with late tests.
|, Be) S la Nee ; 3
Tribe. z Rg ae et Eg gs | g 3
Time. Sp Te | &8 Time. a | Ss SS | 3 =
a )6e|86 plese e seule malic Je
| & | se| ea Seo tal poses aie
anezet All cases that might have been affected by any injury were excluded. The lack of a larger part of
any finger was seen to diminish the power of pressure in the hand having the defect.
[BULL. 34
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
144
Gone 49 SBN ee UMUIIXB YL
Ros ec ences as TANUATUTTY
Selsey citrate lee OBBIOAY
Fi aaa sqoefqns JO LaquInN
:(UIB{UNOW o31y MM) vyowdy
jn at WIM UTX BY,
----=-sqo0afqns JO 1aquUInNN
LOARYOYW
Be Oy. ie eae WNUWUIXB I
Gece ge WIN UNLUT
od eg SE eee maT © asBIOAV
Se sqoofqns Jo 1equInN
:BUILg
pee a RSS cp top UWINUILX®B
ry ee a Paha ULNULLUT AL
ere Bh aks ad ERRET as aSBBIOAV
aes st sqoofqns JO 1aquUINN
:Bun A
DSA SOC UINUIIXB I
one gag nc a aie UUINUITUT YL
Be asi Se - Sachata irae OSBIDAY
Sods sqoofqns JO 1aquUInN
:edooneyy
“AIVW
SSS altnecen pacer cola ence lier teas cial Soe at ae weeny 10.68 ole |osr joes |oer |oot [ove [ow [sss
ei Ress Re RIL Weer eal lie Senioalh sana a| heme wel ONN n MCHSGradOeyG. Mt0-Gaant | 4OnGe o-ge oes |e |0GE
ears acer Ame ean yes eee GeGge kOseG: | Os0T e7e. OSs) leaSS =. \no.8e) \ ener | FGF SiGe) Ahoar = S057
iis Vn anrtearescces (at o-7s| [tel i I II II II 9 9 9 oe | we
| | |
G FG 6g | 998 | OSe MGuree ORS | OFS GGG: hOLeVauy G Lye ONpee OL SBS = NONE = KOsLE. SoNONtS
0°11 ose | 0°08 | cP | 06 GEG Ta ONGC | OWZT en NONOG) HOSS: NONCGa MOLES ee NORGE OSCE eneSGe. sal iSrae
| | i
0°FS OOF |ose |sr {I
ve ; Sica lleed Mor lcoroTe alieten a | Oreo = \ cogs [uSGie | GS8Ge CGekem WGiOle, \OnSiae NeeSee ae: | Nn oean
o-9% OT | 007 | 09 3 | |
| || 2 8 8 OL Ola) 0 8 Sik ies ra rat a
¢ 0G Give Guccae |L0Seas|s0;2e. eel SOS —iOrer™ =| OKOS. 21) O-Sel Se O-RY) Ozcee. | O27 Sieh sO Tees) Oey at Sagy
O11 00g |S:6e | 0s j| oS OuO Tea KOS Tee | SAU ORSGe | OKOG Men KORG Een S82 = GNGGun MOWAT SeNOT6Ge aINOREe
0-8 OLr | ogg | Ze | OO NGM AN PEE ee I RIS EE NOE ives I Jace EPR AN RSIHE
i| 11 ZI ai ral rae | ZF €1 ia | FT &I eI eI
ep ae eset ere wera eS ove |oor |our |oee |eue jour |sie |oor |os¢ joe |ozs | 0-09
Baa osteo s ial aerscker si oe ROBT ei MOMCG pen CE GGimen GH GTa a ORGCNR NG56G. eu isOeTGe | O08 | Que Soe MOST e |RORIG ane RORES
ea easter oes pekias a(S Ni GetemelVe Gee tne Ty Ol o°egar \norigh) \iScae. 4 Baga |SoNOR NWO de- NOGRS sei OsOY 2 A Ler
Sa cea gib ae aie] hie ese ee (Paes ee F F 8 8 8 if 7 7 gI ral &I
POO ae eg Sa eal lina dee tl GEG eI OSGGE AiGeLe allOECE ees OlShee JGECGe AIESOR) ONG) NOsT9s = OOS) i fOr09) saleGaRG
BPO eC algebras eco ae ces: OST WGkee Weer Oro Ghee S\-cs0R OKOR. /S8e- Oe 0's {NORE <| 079
Soe eg ie oa aed ce a 0:08 | 6s ets | r9e ror | oor 2) 9:96 | ues, | 6S7Y -| 66s | Er | 6°87
cau hacen Soa ean le 2 L L L 8 | 8 ST CT GT Or Or Or
|
"SAK |
== | | | = ke
crore gee Wysny rn | -uoy | “HeT MSR) yoy | HT ‘U31H | yoy | “HOT WS | -goy | “eT eres
-OBLT | Fis OS V 081, | |) ORG, =0),G:1']}) | ee nen OCA Picows rhs ees
| “OUNSSIL “dINSSOI dq “ounssold “oinssold “oINSSol qd
‘STRNPLAIPUL pepuBy-JoT “saBadk 09 03 0G *saBak 0¢ 01 OF ‘siBak OF 03 0F -sieak OF 07 0Z
abn pup aunjnjs 70qgru) fig ‘supsbopry Ur ‘aosof Loynasnyy
145
79)
MEDICAL OBSERVATION
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
HRDLICKA]
6G
9°83
itd
1G
¢°6r
G95
0
0
"GE
“6G
OF
GG
SP
Gog
COL
8°&6
Bi mane ag Tee ne ai eae ae pe WIN UU,
Sis Pale ta gis GOS Aa dsVIOAY
Se ee as at Ca ct ree) sjoefqns Jo 1aquInN
1001ZV
BOREL OD eI bea Rae ORC ia UMUWIXB I
paets Gs nies! hola mice efelota sinless aa cial WINUITUTY
Deas ne Litera SS ae a ree OsBIOAV
hot kee ay iy SS sjyoa(qns Jo 1aquinN
LO0SBIB
igh aaa ee ae ees sqoafqns Jo 1aquinN
TUNZ
[ieee koe athe Foc et pee ahs UIMUIX BIL
ae Cia cae OR SEDO IAOC VOC UINUITUT
Solin girs 2 ie oe i aa hee a osRIOAV
Pieee eer sOe AS sqoofqns Jo 1aqumN
:(vunse’]y) sojqeng
hae Rica phage ata AS ote ene -* TUN UIX BY
fi inte Be ae Ee sy oe ag WINUITULY,
[Se 8a ae ee i rer -- >" 98BI0OAY
Pac geaey Dale es ae te Fac ea sqgoofqns JO 1aq uN N
| doy
lee eee ini aa dL aia CSE OS 0.0 WIN UX BIL
Bee age Gre eile OSI aA ORO ODS WIN UITUTY,
[Renae OME BRP e oie Siskin) Oe She ciate iar OSB.IOAW
FROSreeaSESh Sardceo doc sjoafqns Jo 1equinN
:B109
ae eae tp ere C ERP ops E ce WIN UITUT YL
eee sia Sees ore se ho SS a aSvIsAVy
Rt RO a sqoo(qns JO 1aquImMN
osedeg
3452— Bull. 34—08——10
[BULL. 34
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
146
iP | we ese [peas le oe | CS alae ie Baa) Ih aa ae 0'ST 0°8Z 0'8Z C'sT | 0°96 CrOse i Saer | G66 | GRIER Sy) age Fo 8G I eae oe epee te TIN X BY,
rk re ie kecey fa ok ah cae 1 Pap eas Gate ere Gch GOT ¢'6L | 0oL | 0°91 0°ST O'8 061 0°GS Resa; cy ae. sae Se pa eeaE canaeta UT UT UL y
pee oats Weewenerligce wameaiice gouges One "| s0)397 O6r |8 Bl |\oe | 6°78 cage | 816 | 8°98 lor UEOG ORG. Ila eaactic ht Ai) Goat shes abies GOngIC Any
cece ees cere eee sere e ee] eects Ni lT I ! 8 8 | OL OL OL | ¢ Gg ¢ Turse ane se es seoss===sqoolqns Jo requ Ny
| | | /OARYOW
eg iin RQ OMOa elkOsOb. -|'GuteacsOsoctyel Osten -|KOreaeee |G ceaeeMNOFRIAY \\\osbaus \On6Gie fee: ee tecne eee eg es UMN UTX BY
10% Gri) Oven 9089 ost | Ost | 09 OLOT SE MSE Oee NINOLS MINORS Tea ORG the Ili as aieanimame ee ore cGr as sicagtas TUN UU
Sagres test icra saage saltageg Giles NIERLT AS OBS Nal if Bile Secon MBAR ORL. 8 Bical Vistar LOL, ei 2h cGloi| WOE Soin alles oilee amar itan cs i 6 elim noe Ay
cence eee cere eee foameei ne Scar cnieg G G |9 9 9 OL Or Or L L Vive [OSS = etka ta lMo patsia ko) arstojeon Ni
| i | | | BU
shbRacon necomacs gpeeerlarew Weer oa alaanerncal race ail a> sere a|e posal tar 0-8 | 0-62 Ooze | 0°81 GEIZe AMGEN \ll-stiacs tal aia pe eee er oe SUTIN CR EN
OOO in ea tara [febsdesssa) ii shore Sicscielis | olegéia cream (ese {niche /sisiel [elisha iaie fe (el) Seine me ali aimsrin oer CG 0°91 002 |0F OvLTS HIRG ROTATE Si Se oii Sa oi haa es OTT TEDL EE IAT
ASR oR SER ron Baader Seana ae Nec cael ps tea eins Soman MO Oo “Orde oa gee 6|ose |e | ser | 0-88 pai eerie te Gees cen CCUG
saarocar (ope tg SRS e gE DOr Wome Memeo oan karina ( I re Z Z Z Z |Z iz SNS telia Lalo patsin to} acs\o oda a
| | | | | : ‘ Bun X
Ser graek fale er i MOPS INO Ea SICRTC SN Olatey || ONO (Oke MONOG! = /ADFGE re) Os0h es a KONG2E Sl TOSTE ea IACaAe Meshes ant Seced ie a9 (0000- 5194
veeeees fetes ieee lag csenHuGue ume ObUTe | OST Y «| Gele be il Onn aOrcmea Orde \KOvOce Onna cI Gcein, NINSapGr |stats lesa sasr ee see alee tee a ULI
SEB SS Gar Jarepesasleee ss sctcc ss lease SS |e |98 |For | 98 | BHT WOareat” |. T8Gek. | Bact Nog Late OxOgmale te sac e Sar OL game aos aaa,
ee Cee eee Cee 6 ¢ e F |g ¢ ra rat ra Or Or Or Trrstesssesesssess=ssqgafqns JO equim N
| | | | | | sed ooleyy
| | | | | “‘HIVNGA
| |
O'TG 0'FE SVE | 0G | O-1e ¢ TE 0°16 | 0'FE 0°68 0°ES OFEGR sNONG Gen een ses ae eo eee “UM UTX B
0S 0ST ¢ ‘OT | GL OcLT ORGS Sere CFG 0°08 CTL OFS 0°96 leakirg sc poets | cei aaa es ates UOTLULTOL Ay
O°eL | 0°66 0°82 09 E°TT 4 °&@ 1°96 Sian L°G6 £46 91@ | 7°08 8-tE G°8T o6e =| £8 eens ag cee ce Cage "7" "OBBIOAY
| 91 ot LT er FL erie (te 9 9 Or Chie NOI lesen an ake “as sqoofqns Jo 1aquInN
| e :1U1010
"SLT | | | “panuiyw99—a TVW
|
‘uoy | “HT Ge eee -uoy | “WET | TSI) -uoy | ‘OT | TUB] yoy | MOT |USA| ego | “MOT | 08TH
SOUT i mana ae ORE Vil -oery, 5 SOUT | ene eee CD ELT) RT em oe oan || OUT Sant
aINSsolg aanssolg | ‘ormsserg | ‘eamssord, aainssolg
*S[UNPIAIPU! pepueYy-qor'y | “saved 09 03 0¢ *savadk 0¢ 04 OF | “saupod OF 01 08 “savadk OF 01 0%
ponutyuo)—abp pup ainjn)s yogis) fig ‘supsbopry
UL ‘asof Lj nosng,
AL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
Y
J
PHYSIOLOGIC
HRDLICKA]
Gc OL
cay
Ov’
Ge
G
G‘¥S
Gor
$06
9
061
0'sT
8ST
GT
01S
O'FL
6° AT
OL
LOOSBIV
BRE COE par moe Se UINUTX BY,
Be aa SAS fe nies acs Sige gape TIN UTUTL
PRS Oo ERAT ateY tibet io peri e har e OSBIOAV
Soren eh eee Whe ~-=-sqoefqns Jo lequUmMN
sTUNZ
PRE EA ORE Oda er EOD UWMUIXB
piper yet paae emo an sinaay ae vrir UINULUT,
Nee eS a ie ea Ae ea he OSRIOAV
BA siete ae aes arse Ge sqoofqns JO LequUImMN
:(BuNSe’T) soTqeng
pea plat enema ge Sai ole a ee ULL CLL
Dig ets ae re ea ee ee ga UWMUUT
Perse age oars Ac coud Coarse souk Se sake OSVIIAV
Se on ES eae ee eo sqyoofqns Jo tequIMN
1d0xL
aoa eat aerated a Dee > TOM UX BL
STR Ag Sica sae Ii Se aca ae WIN UTUT AL
A ade oe iene nic ohh AS oot: OSBIOAV
PIR SINS aS ISAS sqoe(qns JO 1equInN
:B10Q
Bene ae pce ane ipo rinE O- TWNUNY CW,
3 Pe SSIS BS eae ae ea WIN UU,
BP RATE Gree pi ee a eee OSB IOAV
SPRISIE LS Si CoN a ae sqoefqns JO 1aqunN
:osedeg
Doge tee gee Jal CRS ee WIN ULTUTY,
pS ts 2s oiekn ae on aimee errs Sale fe OSCVIOAV
Stage Se rage Sere i Garam te sjoafqns Jo 1aqunN
:(UreyUNOW O71 A) eyoRdy
[BULL. 34
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
148
Ripe) BSc a 9 ial 5 ate seb pie cho ee Shel injn\cha. ate BOA W
ear cs oa iene oo sqoalqns JO Laquinn
:TU1019,
RRA, ghee Go) age ok eee Seo WIM UITUT YL
Peta Ti a pag cm amie Chr ---98BIOAV
Pape ae Pes age a sqoofqns Jo aquinN
1001ZV
*ponul,u0d—a 1VWa
Nl |
0°81 GIS | 9-8
0% 0'8 | O11
gar | 9°91 Bay TEL Nason eur
Becks relene 25c8 I | T | Ol P P ia
| |
soma as i ep aa Get | O'ST G9 | OTT GOL 06I
Rhea teh | Ie ssabe oer O5eL )205er 0% 0% CES a OROT
ROPERS be BSE | 8ST 5G GT eI 0-81
wana: Oe aeeg| ¢ le L L L | 2
| | |
eee ial oe aed d | —
‘uoy | MOT | dust 91 | 308 | enon ‘uo | 301 | usta |
SOG [hal tarot gs eae | -OBL, —UENW F | Peas Gln Le Os i peer
“OINSSOL “OMMSSOL | “OINSSIL “OIMSSOL “OINSSald
“STUNPLAIPU! papuRy-joT | “siBak (9 02 OG | *savod 0G 01 OF “sIvad (fF 02 08 *suvak 0F 03 0Z
ponuluoj—abp pun aunjojs yoqu) fig ‘sumibopry wr ‘aos0f njpnosngy
HRDLICK A]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
149
Additional force measurements (males only), taken in the U.S. National Musewm “
20 to 30 years. 30 to 40 years.
: Pressure. | Pressure.
date: Sub- | ; = Trac- | Sub- |—— a pe Trac-
ject. | Right | Left | tion. | ject.) Right | Left | tion
| hand. | hand. | hand. | hand.
kg. | kg. kq. | kg. kg. kg.
Sift ee dhe eatepall 34b6 |" BLS: |e oc (Meats SI. / kod R=
WR O MIME. sets ceo acs cc oe rate e weininle oie isnieOsc foc IASI Cols oe 9 EE ee ec Pe
Muscopee Creeks... ..-2-.---25¢2+--.-- Nee eetelS c57s0) |i e490 0! eee SIO) i Aga ee 29.0
(CRATE 2 ene Sabre eee ener ii) PERO. LELOAIS CAUO eae | oo ae cd ee Cene Pan eee
(OREO 3 SER Coven Ss sec meee Ueno se a sepese ses 2 46.5 40.3 22.0. 3) 41.2} 35.3 20.7
1 ESTERS sale ee eta ey peat] a eae [Ln aah eat eet eyie Ieee vee fate peetSeSalh 237-0 21.7
Sane TS Ra eee en ee ene eT ie aU pe Sn pas Crea ee el ee | Ze A el
‘Sh UBS Se gee og dh den Dae See SAP ao ten ase Sl Soeesa)] Gece See looecaser lsccacemc be Sn) es Sage
Wenatchee) Us ty-- seen meses sae cet ios ati 1 46253), oL.0 ASAT a es SS eal ee eee | SP eae ee aso
Urgent, (ho 5 a 2 dan ce book two Geer Spee se] Seca bean Sace pr esaeene |p segecad hececr lo smsperer [Denner Reo Soece
| |
40 to 50 years. 50 to 60 vears.
ae > ressure. > ressure.
Pxibe, Sub- Oris al sie Se Trac- | Sub- |- : zs Z ——_—|eR'rae=
ject. | Right | Left | tion. | ject.| Right | Left | tion.
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
kg. kg. kg. kg. | kg. kg.
(Clive: Tatheo ged eteqet cee prnoshaGs sacs. ed seul sl i gee TR sl eR ee
| Esa La ey ae ae Hey be Wet AbaO: I Ve4oeOsie 1420. O)|nen a2 eRe Ieee 2 tece ee
Muscogee Creeks.........-.--2-222-+---- | yr4%0; |e eoe5i th © 1.08) 0 -2s\) 30-8,» 860 || 24.5
OWMDINNE a seee ee ep seees oenenese Spee ee Bae mes | Saeaaeee ISS 1 sn ec i aed Nera en te
‘ORRIEOIS 26 5a Sey Jegeeh seSe genet eeo eens s | 2 44.0) 37.5 25.7 3 43.0 37.3 24.7
iFiie LA See oa 38.0 | 92:5 |" 22.0] 2] 28.5] 245] 16.3
fS\SUONE CE eh ek A et ee a eee eB Se ee ieee gael acs | arGes leet es Asia) ener cae | era eet
SSR Co Ue erage epee eee eta Lidia tot | es al Bele R585 SI. Silie sAT
Wena teCheen =e amae cc ns cie ce is ele ee J eyataa Oe (erent Se ena Ro stett. > |--2222--|------]--------|--------[- 2-2-8
Wola) Mp5. de esoe cuasent ene eee hea al Eee a ee (sae Thi 2). 6 LG) 22.0
a See also L. Manouvrier, sur les Peaux-Rouges du jardin d’acclimatation, Bull. Soc. @ Anthropol. de
Paris, 3 sér., Vit, 1885, 313.
b Left-handed.
Differences in muscular force in the tallest and shortest men in certain tribes
Tallest 5 individuals in each tribe. Shortest 6 individuals in each tribe.
: | Average Nes | Average :
Tribe. Sub- | Aver- Aver- pressure. |+ aed Sub- |Aver-| Aver-| pressure. ee
jectm ee elena trac-| ject.| 26° | 88° |C. trac-
Jeet. | age. |height.|Right| Left | i47 | 2°" | age. |height./Right) Left 45)
| hand. hand. , hand./hand. ~~~
, | cm. kg. | kg. | kg. cm. kg kg. | kg.
HMO DIOSS = are opens ets. fa 5 | 28 | 170.3 | 42.9 | 40.4 | 24.1 5 27 | 158.3 | 35.2 | 33.6 20.2
ARCHES eee Hare tee ae 5} 27 | 179.5 | 48.8 | 44.9 | 30.5 5 27 | 166.0 | 42.1 | 40.4 | 27.6
d it] OF: 220 ee 5 is ae 5 | 241! 177.6 | 39.6 | 34.0'| 25.7 b) 28 | 162.7 | 34.6 | 33.0 25.6
SATASCOL ee oe epee eee 5 | 29 | 170. 38.7 | 34.2 | 24.3 | 5 | 24 | 158.5 | 34.0 | 29.5 16.7
Aztec (Morelos) ...-.--.-- 5 28 166. 32.7 | 31.0 | 23:0 | Bl) 28a 565201 29-3) 25.9 20.5
el a5
Sex differences are pronounced in all the tribes and at all ages.
The following table gives the differences in 12 of the tribes arranged
by average stature, beginning with the tallest:
150 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Average female force in relation to male force (male force=100)
[Adults of all ages]
Pressure. | Pressure.
Tribe. Right | Left oe | Tribe. | Right | Left oe
hand. | hand. | hand. | hand. |
| Per ¢i.| Per ct.| Per ct. | Per ct. | Per ct. | Per ct.
Maricopa) =) -o5 ae 54.8 Daou) ASe7al| MEOpiasss sae =e Fes ease = 685001 “eeu 63.4
Pinna tke c= ee eee ee Veee5onG 57.7 | 43:1 || Pueblos (Laguna)....... 58.3 58.4 | 66.9
Mohavedce eee 62: ile Goutal = FOS ez oe sr renae | 64.2] 65.9 65.5
Apache (White Mountain) 56.6 56.1 62.7 TA TaSCON een te ese ae te | 59.4 56.2 28.8
PADALO mere ae bees | Gye, 53.0 All? Smilli AZ eC bee eda ae eee ere 55.4 54.8 28.6
COrdsces eet ee ena G50 Tole 72" Ont SRAON || OF OTM = tkees ay ees | 60.2 | 56.8 40.0
|
The figures show no characteristic difference in the relation of
force in women to that in men in tribes of widely diverging average
statures.
The pressure force in the females equals, it is seen, in the right hand
from 54 to 66, in the left hand from 53 to 73, per cent of that in the
males in the same hands. In half of the tribes the differences in the
left hand are less than those in the right, pointing to a relatively
greater strength in the left hand in the women of these tribes. This
point will be brought out more clearly in a subsequent paragraph.
There isa much greater difference between the two sexes in traction
force than in pressure, owing to a greater variation in this respect in
the women. This test gave abnormally low results in the Tarasco
and the Aztec women.
It might be objected to the above table that, simce in some tribes
more of the older individuals were examined than in others, it includes
groups of varying average age, to which fact may be due some of the
variation. In consequence, a similar table was made of individuals
of the same tribes, but ranging only between 20 and 30 vears of age:
Average female force in relation to male force (male force=100) in subjects between 20
and 30 years of age
Pressure. | | Pressure. |
Tribe: Right | Left tee Tribe. Right | Left mes
hand. | hand. \ , band. hand.
Per ct. | Per ct. | Per ct. Per sct.\VPeT. Cha theracus
Maricopa: !-- | | males. >
pee es eS Oe = ; 5: = | ————E
| Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | | Per cent. Per cent. | Per cent.
Maricopa. ss. se. 86.6 e1see 4c?" IB IGyolte he a eee | 87.8 | 89.3 = 115
iho eee 87.5 9.7! —2.7 || Pueblos (Laguna). Gaal Me DST Ape tls
MOH Ves secre seca 87.7 84.6 +3.1 TAU R a e Se ® 95.7 | 94.9 | +0.8
Apache (White lSNanaSCOMsas ase sees | 88.6 | 81.1 | te 7/ 5}
Mountain)........ Gals. Gara: 20/2 Ketone oe feecca tale MgO. 75-8) 282
PAR EO oe cose. Gi74|) ewB8.8)|\-— EDR Otomicse. ce. | 90.5 89.0 5
Sink eee 86.4 | 95.5 | ~9.1 |
The figures indicate that differences in this respect between chil-
dren and adults, and between tribe and tribe, are not great (within
a See also detail cases in the Appendix.
6 Differences in the percentage of the left-hand force compared with that in the right hand, in the
two sexes. The males show in most groups a larger percentage, or less difference, in the power in
the two hands than the females. the left hand in the male being in such instances stronger than
in the female, both absolutely and in comparison with the right hand.
152 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY {pute 34
11 per cent). The relatively strongest left hand is met with among
the White Mountain Apache and the Laguna Pueblos. In the chil-
dren, particularly the Apache, is traceable a slight relative gain in the
force of the left hand with increase in stature (i. e., In age). No
characteristic difference is perceptible between the tallest and the
shortest people. As to sex differences, it is seen that the left hand is
relatively, as well as absolutely, stronger in the males, in both the
Apache and the Pima children, in every stature group but one. Among
the adults, however, in nearly half of the tribes, the left hand shows a
somewhat greater relative strength in the females than in the males.
The cause of this must be sought in some peculiarity of the work of
the Indian woman, as the old fashioned corn grinding on the metate,
in which both hands are used alike. The reader will be aided in this
connection by a reference to the individual cases cited in the tables of
Appendix.
SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL RESULTS OF INSTRUMENTAL DETERMINA-
TIONS ON THE ADULT
Stature: The tribal differences in the average stature of the south-
western and the north-Mexican Indians are large, amounting to 17
em. in the men and 14.5 em. in the women.
The range of differences within the tribes amounts in both sexes
to from 20 to 30 cm.
The differences in the same tribe between the sexes range from
15.5 to 9 em., being greater in the taller peoples.
Pulse: The pulse rate in all the tribes and both sexes is slower than
in whites; it shows no distinctive differences among the tribes, but
within the same tribe is slightly more rapid in the tallest individuals,
in the females than in the males, and in old age.
Respiration: The rate of respiraton is very nearly as in whites;
there is a slight excess in females over males, and in young over old
individuals.
The pulse-respiration ratio is generally less than 4 to 1, and hence
lower than in the whites.
Temperature: The sublingual temperature, but littlé different in
the young of the two races, is slightly lower in adult Indians than
in whites; it is slightly higher in the females than in the males, also
in young than in old adults.
Muscular potency, so far as tested, is a little inferior to that in
average, normal whites; it declines from about 40; in the right-handed
it is greater in the right hand and in most of the left-handed greater
in the left hand; it is greater in tall tribes and in tall individuals
than in short ones; and on the average is less by more than one-
third in the female than in the male.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 158
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS
THE SKIN AND ITS APPENDAGES
The color of the skin of the adult Indian in the Southwest and
northern Mexico is brown of various grades, enlivened, particularly
on the cheeks in the younger individuals, by a transmitted shade of
the circulating blood. It corresponds most closely, though not
exactly, to colors 21, 28, and 42 of Broca’s scale, with some indi-
viduals of lighter and some of deeper brown. The females on the
whole are lighter. The individuals who habitually go dressed and
clean are lighter than those who wear little clothing or those who are
neglected. Those who live in the hottest districts have appreciably
darker skin than those in colder regions. Old people are usually
dark skinned, owing partly to age, partly to exposure and lack of
cleanliness. The boarding school children are in general perceptibly
lighter than those out of school. Individuals who travel or work in
the hot sun acquire a deeper shade of color on the exposed parts.
Finally, there are in full-blood adults individual inborn differences in
the color of the skin, ranging from more yellowish than brown to
almost chocolate, the causes of which are not evident. Darker areas
of pigmentation correspond in location to the same in other races
(areola, armpits, etc.); their shade is usually blackish brown or black-
ish with a bluish tinge. The mucous membranes are red with a dark
bluish tinge. The hair on all parts of the body is black, but is subject
to more or less discoloration on prolonged exposure to the sun. The
only irregularities of pigmentation met with in full-blood Indians were
discolorations of scars, a very few instances of localized defect in color
of the skin (vitiligo) or hair, and albinism (see pp. 192 etseq.). Freckles
were seen in mixed-breeds only.
As to other qualities: The skin of the adult Indian is generally
healthy and, before the signs of senility have advanced, supple. The
corrugations on the dorsum of the hands are decidedly more pro-
nounced in all Indians than they are in whites, and the difference is
observable already in early childhood. But there are no corrugations
in the Indian on the neck comparable to those frequently seen in white
outdoor workmen. In the aged a great wrinkling of the skin of the
face takes place (see Senility, pp. 157 et seq.). The emanations and
secretions of the Indian skin do not have in any part of the body, oron
the whole, any racial odor distinct from that in whites. Sweat is not
profuse, except in the more corpulent and in those more used to com-
fortable life. Under apprehension, such as was occasionally seen in
those who were measured, sweat breaks out generally in adults and
a The skin in most of the Mescaleros, for instance, who live in a comparatively cold region, is lighter
in color than in other Apache, even where there is no suspicion of blood admixture. Some of those
of the younger generation who wear clothing and wash themselves regularly retain hardly more of the
yellowish brown than can be found in some whites alon¥ the Mediterranean.
154 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
also in children, over the point of the nose, occasionally also along the
eroove under the nasal septum and about the nasal ale. Sweating
hands are met with much more rarely than among whites.
The hair on the head attains in the Indian adult, male or female, the
length of from 1 to 3 feet (30 to 90 cm.). In certain tribes, as the
Navaho, fine long hair is rare; in others, for example, the Pima, it is
quite common. The beard, as mentioned before (see chapter on Chil-
dren), if allowed to grow, reaches the maximum length of from about
1} to 3 inches (5 to 8 cm.) (pl. xxi). In many of the adults who go
bareheaded the hair on the head becomes more or less brownish or
rusty in color. This discoloration is usually somewhat irregular and
most pronounced superficially. In those tribes in which only the
women commonly go bareheaded the discoloration is nearly restricted
to this sex.
The nails, generally strong and healthy, presented no special features.
In old age the toe nails are occasionally left to grow. until they look like
deformed, dull claws. :
SPECIAL SENSES
Sight, hearing, smell, and taste in the adult Indian, so far as could
be ascertained by the writer’s own observations, differ but little, if any,
from the same functions in the whites. In the uneducated Indian with
healthy eyes and ears sight and hearing are generally very good, but
in no way phenomenal. Among the educated glasses are often neces-
ary; and in some of the older persons the sense of hearing is more or
less defective.
Smell, though not naturally obtuse, is in no way especially exercised,
and through habit the people become rather indifferent to bad odors,
appearing to lack the faculty of perceiving them.
A few observations were made with an xesthesiometer on the sensi-
bility of the skin, but owing to numerous difficulties the tests had to be
abandoned. So far as they went they showed no marked difference
from the condition ordinarily obtaining among laboring whites. ‘The
beard region was found to be less sensitive than the neighboring parts
of the face.
SLEEP AND DREAMS
The adult Indian passes ordinarily somewhat more time in sleep
than the civilized white man; but the writer is well satisfied by numer-
ous observations that the Indian shows greater capacity than the aver-
age white man for enduring loss of sleep without ill effects. It is
almost a rule in ail the tribes to prolong ceremonies, dances, gambling
parties, and other meetings throughout the night, and sometimes
through several nights, or several nights and days. On such occasions
some sleep is taken during the day, but it generally amounts to little;
SGuYvV4ad NVIGNI OILSIYALOVYVHO
SAHOVdV—Guv3sd ALNVOS LYVHMAWOS IWOLO—OYV3Ad IWOldAL
IXX 31V1d +¢& NIL311NG ASOTIONHL]A NVOIYSAWV SO NVAYNE
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 155
yet the usual effects are seldom observable and never complained of.
As to dreams, about all that can be said on the basis of the writer’s
inquiry is that they are frequent and variable, and but rarely of a
terrifying nature. @
MENTAL AND NERVOUS POWERS ?
The mental powers of the adult Indians seen are generally good,
but in no way extraordinary. Both men and women have very good
memories, but they are not equally well developed in all directions,
and even where developed they often depend on a definite sequence
in what is remembered. Their powers of perception are good, but
their reasoning is rather slow; they show good powers of imitation
and adaptability ;° their mental endurance appears remarkable in
ceremonies and on other special occasions, but ordinarily they tire
after an hour or even less of such moderate, though unusual, brain
exertion as they undergo while being questioned. Very dull, as well
as especially gifted, individuals occur but rarely. Differences among
individuals, between the sexes, and even among tribes are noticeable,
but their range is somewhat less than among whites.
Nor is the nervous control of the Indian extraordinary. Often, at
the beginning of the measuring of a subject, a perspiration broke
out on him and the pulse became temporarily irregular. All the
normal reflexes of the whites exist also and in about the same force
in the Indian.
Both the mental and nervous powers of the Indian could best be
expressed in general by the term “‘healthy,” the former being in
many directions in a more or less undeveloped condition.
VARIA
The manifestations of yawning, snoring,’ eructation, and flatus are
all about as common in the Indian as in the white man. Sneezing,
however, is very rare and hiccough even more so.
a Dreams are believed to be, in a way, realities. In the dream the soul leaves the body, travels, and
has various experiences. According to an account given the writer by a Mohave, which agrees with
the views common in most, if not all, of the Southwestern tribes, ‘‘ the soul (in the dream) sees the old
people, and sees or does many different things.’’ “It is possible that the soul after thus leaving the
body, likes it much more where it has gone and stays there. In this case the body soon dies without
any doctor being able to help it.’”’ Dream revelations, especially those of certain persons, or if repeated,
are believed in, being looked upon as the experiences, desires, or dictates of the soul, or the wishes or
message of some spirit, and have a considerable effect on the Indian’s thought and action. The
people fear to have bad dreams, especially those of the dead.
b See also chapter dealing with general habits and character, and the general remarks on children.
¢ A rernarkable example of individual adaptability, as well as aptness, can be seen in one of the Apache
at San Carlos. For many years the man has been wholly blind (from ophthalmia), but he walks about
alone, rides a horse, and even a broncho, has built himself an adobe house, and shoes his horse alone.
The man is less than 40 years of age, and for his intelligence was chosen as one of the judges of the tribe.
@ Moderate snoring is quite trequent and occurs even in the young. At San Carlos the writer saw a
baby a few months old which was an habitual snorer; the cause of this could not be determined.
e When an Apache sneezes, ‘‘some one calls his name.’”’ Noisy eructation is indulged in, often without
any restraint.
156 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
DIGESTION
A moderate degree of hunger is often and easily endured among
the Indian adults. A loss of a meal or two is very frequent, particu-
larly among the noncivilized, and is thought nothing of. On the
other hand, as mentioned before (see Food, pp. 21-22), the Indian’s
capacity for food is quite large, and during feasts he may eat to a degree
that among the whites would be considered excessive. The choice
and preparation of food are in the majority of cases quite inferior.
All this, which, with the general liking for fat, would severely tax
ordinary powers of digestion, is supported with comparatively little
difficulty by the full-grown Indian. Disturbances of the stomach or
the intestinal tract are common enough, but they are generally of
a light character, yielding readily to simple means of relief. Even
in the children the digestive powers are strong, but excesses and
improper diet have more effect than with the adults. (See Diseases,
pp. 175 et seq.)
OBESITY
Especially well-nourished individuals, females and also males, occur
in every tribe and at all ages, but real obesity is found almost exclu-
sively among the Indians on reservations, who have recently changed
their mode of life, becoming more sedentary in habits, with less of out-
door exercise, and among adults of less than 60 years of age. There
are differences in the proportion of fat individuals even among the
tribes on reservations, and there are also differences in the relative
frequency of the abnormal condition in the two sexes. Monstrous
or truly pathological obesity has not been encountered. The weight
of the stoutest individuals seen would not exceed 300 pounds (140 ke.).
The tribes in which most stout persons were seen are the Pima,
Southern Ute, Papago (San Xavier), and Maricopa. The condition
is quite rare among the Pueblos, who have been of sedentary habits
since ancient times. The Navaho and the Yuma men are notably
lank.
Among the Pima it is largely, but not exclusively, the women who
erow very stout, and similarly among the Maricopa. Among the
Papago moderate obesity was noticed in some men as well as women.
Among the Southern Ute the condition predominates to a marked
degree in the men. (See pls. xx, XxmII.)
The role played by food in the production of obesity among the
Indians is apparently indirect. The Pima, Maricopa, and the San
Xavier Papago had usually a sufficiency, if not plenty, of food, but
the Southern Ute since known have been most irregularly nourished,
even now frequently suffering from want. But the men in this tribe
used to be hunters. This mode of life they had to abandon on the
reservation, and it is probably the change from their past active
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 34 PLATE XxXIl
AN OBESE SOUTHERN UTE
SNVIGNI LAOLS OML
NVWOM VUld NVW ODVdWd
IWIXX ALW1d +& NILSTING ADSOIONHLA NVOIMSWV SO NV3AYNG
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS sw
outdoor life to the present state of not a little indolence which is the
prime cause of their obesity.
Among the Mexican Indians throughout the region covered higher
grades of stoutness have not been encountered.
MENSTRUATION (IN ADULTS) AND CLIMACTERIUM
The menses in Indian women differ in principal characteristics and
duration but little, if at all, from those in healthy whites (see also under
Observations on children). Scanty or very profuse or habitually pain-
ful menstruation is heard of much less often among the Indian
than among the American white women. At San Carlos the writer
met a healthy Apache multipara who menstruated regularly and
quite profusely eight to ten days every month, but there were gen-
erally no severe pains or any serious after effects.
The menstruating woman is generally to some extent tabued, and
for this reason mainly remains about the house; but she observes no
special precautions.¢ There are no clear notions as to the nature
and cause of the flow.’
Recurrence of menstruation after the birth of a child, which shows
much irregularity, was touched upon in the chapter dealing with
labor, where detail cases are given.
As to menopause, the almost general lack of accurate knowledge of
age prevents any extensive inquiry with profit. From what could
be observed and otherwise learned on the subject, nothing appeared
that would indicate important differences between Indian and
white women; complications of the period and pathological sequelee
attributed to it are very rare in the Indian.
In men the sexual and even the procreative powers are occa-
sionally seen to be preserved at the apparent age of from 60 to 70.
SENILITY
The signs of age are believed by some to be manifested earlier
in the Indians, particularly in the women, than among the whites.
According to the writer’s observations, and comparing the Indians
with whites living approximately alike, this idea is not correct.
Among the Indians, both sexes show more often than among the whites,
especially those of the cities, whom we are most accustomed to see,
effects of rough outdoor life, and these are often accentuated by
neglect of personal attire and cleanliness, but an actual earlier physi-
a Jt is believed that if such a woman crossed a field its products would suffer thereby, etc. The cata-
menial discharges are received into a fold of old cloth or into the infolded skirt (frequent among tlfe San
Carlos Apache). Some of the Hopi women, according to the local physician, introduced during the flow
a piece of old calico into the vagina. The soiled articles are never washed or used again for any purpose.
Among the Apache they are bundled up and put into or under bushes. Hygienic motives play little
part in all these observances.
> One belief is that the new moon is in some way influential; ‘ that it makes the woman new.”
158 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
ological senility does not exist. This sets in very gradually, in a
similar way and at about the same period of life as with average
normal whites; and it follows a more natural course, the many debili-
ties of age seen among the whites being certainly less frequent among
the Indians.
Advanced senility is seldom seen in individuals under about 70.
It is characterized by some bending and emaciation of the body, iron-
gray or yellowish-gray hair, and especially very numerous wrinkles
on the neck and face. (Pls. xxtv, xxv.) There is wrinkling at the
instep and particularly just below and above the knees, also about the
wrists, the elbows, and in front below the neck. Muscular strength
is diminished, but many old individuals preserve not only a healthy
appearance, but also capacity for walking considerable distances,
carrying quite heavy burdens, long rides on horseback, and severe
exertions at their ceremonies. A few individuals met with among
the tribes visited had reached the age of at least 90 years, yet not
one of these was either much demented or helpless; most of them,
though poor in dress and other possessions, and occasionally neglected,
at least partially provided for themselves or gained their subsistence,
while all who were with their families helped the younger generation.”
The teeth, which in general are less subject to caries than among
white Americans, become much worn down, and some are lost by
becoming loose, while the gums and alveoli diminish through
atrophy. Owing to the diminution of the alveoli and the adipose tis-
sue, the chin looks more prominent, prognathism disappears, and the
face is shorter. A peculiar feature is a decided increase in the nasal
index, the nose apparently becoming both shorter and broader. ‘The
malar bones, the fat under which has largely disappeared, are mark-
edly more prominent than at any other period of life. The eyelids
lose their lashes and generally become narrowed, adhesions taking
place at the canthi, particularly the external, through a low-grade
chronic inflammation. Thesclera becomes markedly dirty yellowish in
color, with reddish capillary streaks. The arcus senilis is well marked.
The hair not only changes color,’ but also becomes thinner and bald-
ness, though much more rare and less extensive than in white Ameri-
cans, may be seen in some over the front or on the top. The
breasts in women atrophy considerably and hang down like loose
bags. The legs and thighs get smaller in both sexes, the latter so that
a At San Carlos many of the old people come regularly every ration day distances ranging from 1
to 15 miles, and carry away on their backs their apportionment, weighing from 20 to 40 pounds. At
home even the blind work at whatever they can. They help in cooking and with children. At Talklai
an Apache woman, old and completely blind, was found by the writer making a basket with cat’s claw
decoration (specimen, with another made by her, now in the U. 8S. National Museum). A striking
feature at San Carlos is the fact that many of the old women of the tribe are unusually short, measuring
less than 5 feet. This was not noticed elsewhere. The whole form in such womenis small. The women
of the present generation show in general stronger frames and higher statures. Probably the precarious
life of the old Apache, with more scanty food and other privations, explains the change.
b Snow-white hair or beard was not seen in any instance,
BULLETIN 34 PLATE XXIV
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
NAVAHO, SHOWING WRINKLING
i-
} Sis
ae ees
SNVIGNI G3adV
o1gand Nvar
(206L) WANA LS3010 3HL NVS SHL LV (LHSIY SHL NO) NVW 183010 SHL
AXX 3LV1d +e NIL311ING ASOIONHLA NVOIMAWY 3O NVauNA
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 159
they no longer touch in their upper fourth in the median line, but
leave a marked subpelvic space. No decisive evidence was obtained
as to hardening of the arteries; it is certainly not common.
With a still further advance in age the sight and hearing get
weaker, the speech (mainly perhaps through the loss of teeth) becomes
less intelligible, and the mind enfeebled, while the skull shows signs
of absorption;* these signs are precursors of the nearing end.
Several of the phases of senility were studied in detail, as muscu-
lar force, appearance of grayness, and baldness. The lack of proper
age records was again felt severely and can be replaced only by ap-
proximations.
The data on muscular force were considered with that subject in
adults. It was there seen that a decline in force takes place in numer-
ous individuals even before 40, and is general and progressive after
that age. The same conditions obtain among whites.
Grayness.—Special attention was paid to this subject in fourteen
of the tribes. A few gray hairs may now and then be seen on the
Indians even in advancing childhood, but these are due to abnormal
conditions affecting the individual follicles. Exceptionally the begin-
ning of real, progressive grayness will be met with in young adults.
In general, however, the decoloration is slower and of a less degree
than in whites. There -are many old individuals in whom the hair
still retains in part the original color. In some of the old Indians
the hair is decolored irregularly, being gray and yellowish. The fol-
lowing data show the results of a direct examination in this line: °
a The signs of senility in the Indian skeleton are as follows: The skull shows a worn condition and
often extrusion (due to alveolar atrophy) of the remaining teeth, and absorption due to disappearance
of both alveolar processes; rarely there is a characteristic bilateral antero-posterior depression over the
parietal bone at some distance from the median line, due to absorption of the diploé; and there is syn-
ostosis of sutures. In the rest of the skeleton may be seen a general lightening of the bones, with
thinning of the compact tissue; ossification of costal cartilages and ensiform appendix; marginal
exostoses on long bones and especially on the vertebre, and occasionally a fusion of vertebra or
pelvic bones through the marginal exostoses.
6 Detail data in the Appendix.
160 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Grayness
ieueel eee No gray hairs. Few gray hairs. pyle gray-
Approximate age. examined. ;
Male. Female.| Male. Female. | Male. Female. Male. | Female.
20 to 30 years:
APaAChe: sass ss 32 12 32 12s ok Meal jas eteer a osecece =o |(eaeeeeeee
RGeblOsSeee eee 46 a 46 21) lo .2 stale eas eoseeac| Ore Gases Ec eeaeeeee
Papago........-- 29 11 22 rT il es SOG Bre ee Net
PIM ADEE eee aac 13 a 12 7 Dy see sek aaa Sees |
Maricopa. .--..--- 10 10 10 Ql eeeeS sete | ti eee el eerie cS =
Mohavete= =: s.-< 13 5 13 Oy Eas Ste 2 tose eae | Mi cers seen
AUIS eS oso oee 13 2 13 Ql decease eeeceee ose | sees See ee eee
SWaqleeee ses ser USS Boe onece nel acenerete eet NE ener ts See eee eee Oe -
Tarahumare..... 9 a 9 | Ci d| apse 8 eS Oe sel Beene oll aSer ate soc.
Cores Jase s-8 ee 17 4 16 3 1 tS 25 22a
Manascolee == a 26 8 25 8 1, eases 2 | SAO eee na eee
Otomieenss--sss- 10 7 9 7 5 Roe Rea eee ee eet ithe oc = j
Aztee (Tlahuil- |
fee) see ease 23 bly 22 11 1 Renee teeta Stee ceo oc
Notalis! 225223 259 105 246 | 103 13 22 aseone es | ee eee :
Por centae. ecco -ealkarae Cones semae tes 95 | 98 5 One eae
80 to 40 years: z ce
eA ACHE eeees-= ek 3 8 3 Siege. cy acele Ween eeee| sccm. | Ae eee
Bueblosse222. 2 - 33 13 32 12 i i) ARSeeeeee esse asooc
Papazor sesso 2 11 12 7 9 3 2 1 1
jaja): Reis eee 14 11 7 5 5 5 2 1
Maricopa.....-.. 15 12 8 8 5 2 2 2
Mohaivels.- 2-522 9 10 5 6 2 4 2H oe eae
MADMIN SS poet sonar 4 2 ces 1 1S peers arae| Sees 1
WAQUILE 2 Ae see 5-2 Dal are Sere 1 erecta tly Seer eee ra beeen Cm el reas alles
Tarahumatre..... 4 1 AS Baa INN oe ek eo Sade He a | a
Coral a-Aermecaee 3 9 31 Poe eee IS SAee Ions Se asoreosal| ss ose stasc
Mara scorn. Sse se 10 10 7 6 | 2 4 Mel eee t
Otomisaenses se 6 5 5 1 Be ececeots.e 1
Aztee (Tlahuil-
tec) es/stsss 19 8 li | 8 Talsse eee 1: ke Se
Motaleetasseate 138 95 102 68 27 21 9 6
IRericents scasec eRe see at eee 73.9 71.6 19.6 | PRA 6.5 6.3
40 to 50 years: =i =
Apache 7... hske- 11 6 9 1 | 2 | Bh Paamereeoe 2
Pueblostereeseese 22 20 12 | 6 8 11 2 3
IPapaeor-eseance. 9 AM cae. at 1 4 2 5 1
PIM > Sees ahs 14 7 3 1 tM eget eee ate 6 6 |
Maricopa... .-.-..- 8 Gales Bale eee Beles oeiysseere 3 4
Mohave.......... 14 10 1 2 3 1 10 7 |
Abi eee eS 8 1 Di | ens Ste Jed Ey aa Pr a 4 pratt
Yaqui seine peo ao eee Se Ae Hs | Lie a ee | tao So a DAEs ae
Tarahumatre..._- 1 ae eee ee eel Caer eee melee eee alee en ecllca tee se ae UG Rese eee ee
Cora): 22-2 as Ace 17 3 10 2 SuEceosesens 4 i |
Darascoss esses" 8 | 7 2 3 .
Otomisse---osse 15 11 6 2 7 4 2 5
Aztee (Tlahuil-
TEC) sseeces ce 8 8 5 1 3 | DS Se aeetes | 5
otal .eee se 135 81 50 19 44 | 25 | 41 37
Peri Centaee tne at aos ese eased Sense eee 37 23.4 32.6 30. 8 30. 4 45.8 :
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 161
Grayness—Continued
=
| Number of sub-
jects of thatage | No gray hairs. Few gray hairs. | “4V@ aaaee SLED
Approximate age. examined.
Male. | Female. Male. Female. | Male. Female. | Male. | Female.
50 to 60 years:
Apache. ..-.-.--.- 1 (pe eoecoone WEnocbac see 1 | Wiboroaceisse 3
Pueblos-......-.- 19 6 De eres =o 5 2 13 4
[Ape yes aso 1 6 bdbrhasdonl Koseaaeupe| socoseouse lSeecua sane 1 3
[aie epee tes 12 Gul eesc ten oe smear sta| Pej aacileteee [pec ee cee 12 5
Maricopa. -....-- 7 Saleh ote wea |eece mcs hoe |oeoeee ctee besoaaas- 7 3
IM ONAVE!.... s<-5--- 9 1 hl root sees Iaotecaoss Saseetin ban See ec 9 | 1
PYAUITG = (= os <= = Calaneesoceos Hee aeeaeicel Hommes aoc bc eearsr oe Soreee Sere A) lcm ascees ss
WEN ae eaded Spseceaces Se eeahnwe enous: Cancoesbea) Bashonceds | teranerccs| SccCenEeee Aaa
Tarahumare....- 9,| DAlectts ea O Ae ae A a ey aes 7 | 2
(COTE Seagal eases B jee senses [eee sees ee|eee ees ees 1 |......-.-- i Bes epee
atASCO.2 2-1. -- 6 OM Recuet Sac Seasetinsee | Nee sok ws 4 5
Otomisee 2 soe: 19 DSc. Samic SaiAl Se Seen | Dilaeweae cee 16 2
Aztee (Tlahuil- |
MOG) eet 4 A} AP e ane eedl eons Scene moessoruer jocece tees 4 | 3
Ch 99 34 | Tees, | 14 | 84 31
(ST ar hg eee eel Coe te ee es le Pcidets| 8.8 84.9 | 91.2
1 | |
SUMMARY
Grayness
Number of sub- atae
| jects of thatage | No gray hairs. Few gray hairs. Adx neat A
Approximate age. | eXamined. :
| Male. | Female. Male. | Female. | Male. Female.| Male. Female.
|
' Per cent.| Per cent.| Per cent. Per cent.! Per cent.| Per cent.
20 to 30 years........ 259 105 | 95 98 5 pers A eee
30 to 40 years........ 138 95 | 74 72 20 22 6.5 6
40 to 50 years.......- 135 81 | 37 23 33 31 30 | 46
20'to 60: years.........- 99 34 Vig Ae er es 14 9 | 85 91
It is seen from the above table that before the age of 30 (approxi-
mately) the percentage of individuals beginning to be gray @ is very
small, and that between the ages of 30 and 40, three-fourths, and
between 40 and 50, more than one-third of the men and one-fourth
of the women have no gray hair at all, or only so very little that
they need not be considered.
The differences between the tribes are not great enough to have
particular significance. In individuals above 30 grayness seems -to
prevail slightly more in the females than in the males.
Loss of hair.—Baldness, though not invariably a sign of aging, may
best be treated in this connection. It is, in any form, very uncom-
a The term ‘‘few’’ was used, in want of a better one, for all cases where stray gray hairs could be seen
without a special search. ;
3452—Bull. 34—08——11
62
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
mon in Indians, particularly in adults below 50 and in the females.
Even when present the condition is rarely pronounced. A special
inquiry on this point resulted as follows:
‘ Baldness
Males. Females.
No. | No.
Tribe. sub- | sub-|
jects Remarks. jects | Remarks.
exam- exam
ined. | ined
Apacheses=acee==-- 52 | No. 41, moderate; frontal s:22--------- SOR ac odvochoss nee eae
Pueblos.....-.---- 60 | No. 25, some baldness, vertex; No. 40,| 30 |.............-..--2-----------
some frontal baldness; No. 88, con- |
siderable frontal baldness.
Opie acheter ecto 60 | No. 20, moderate anterior baldness; | 30 |.--.2--.-----------=--ssee--2s
| No. 32, bald, anteriorly; No. 46, some |
anterior baldness. |
7AVVIN BRR SoBAOROee (6108) ie tone So eats Seer Bea AB NGE EE 80). cscs cease co aancee see eeeeee
Papagoseerere sac 50 No. 9, slight baldness on top; No. 18, 30 No. 58, slight baldness on
some thinness on top. | top.
IPiM ase eho aeke ce 53 | No. 11, some lossin front; No. 38, some- | 30 |i, SA ee Oe
what scarce all over; No. 49, some
calvitia on top.
Maricopaeecs-42=-- 40 | No. 2, considerable superior baldness; 30) sce sass seeaS aor ener eee
No. 6, some scarcity over vertex;
No. 16, some scarcity over frontal
region.
WIEN eneapocose | 45 | No. 38, moderate, frontal .-.....--....- 26 |.....-5-22 22222222 e eee ees
NAUDGNNE Kee ocee Roe WO: illic Sate Al mere See Poel REAL fa Ne 5) nae sae races Foe eee
Waquillssos 2. a-ee LOH | ee ae brreitiee isd Bee ctises ce aes anemone ets 12'-|9. ec chsh ac OO See ee ee ee eee
Tarahumare....--. | 23 | No.8, some baldness over frontal...... 10.) - == - 2222-22222 2 22s e eee eta
inch ole reece == 28? sate Sak atk ue no a ats eR RE REE ee eae e 19: |icde Sesee betes ob ee eee
WOrasc- cater cee 50 | No, 12; thinness, general; No. 20) some) |) ~ 10) 222.2522 22-ose25 seen eee
thinness, general; No. 25, some thin-
ness, general; No. 27, some thinness,
general; No. 34, thinness, general;
No. 35, quite thin, especially over
frontal; No. 39, thinness, general;
No. 44, thinness, general; No. 45,
slight thinness, general.
SPAT aSCO ns orc aaacee 50 | No. 4, many lost (not through pres- 90! ek eecetles salt feces ae tee
| sure); No. 23, some lost over frontal
| and top.
Otomiles 22-2. 55-- 50 | No.5, a considerable number lost, front 25 ul | Seok ede ce Mae eeee ae eee
and vertex; No. 17, many lost; No. 28,
many lost over frontal.
PNZLOC eis cre cian cee 54 No. 2, many lost over frontal] bone; 30
No. 49, many lost over frontal bone.
a Many men of this tribe show a thinning of hair over the frontal bone at the spot where passes the
strap which holds the burdens they carry. Such baldness, being of mechanical origin, was not included
in the above data.
The above table shows that out of 718 physically well-preserved —
males below 65 years of age, 33, or 4.6 per cent, showed some degree
of baldness; among 377 females there was but one who was slightly
bald (2.6 per thousand).
[BULL. 34 —
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 163
‘As to location, in 13, or 38 per cent, of the total cases the calvitia
was-frontal; in 12, or 35 per cent, it was on the vertex; in 2, or 0.6
per cent, it extended over both front and vertex, while in 7, or 2 per
cent, there was general thinness.
The largest proportion of cases was found among the male Cora,
and in all these the baldness (thinness) was general. These people
do not carry burdens on the head or back. What influence syphilis
or other diseases may have had, particularly in this tribe, could not
be determined.
X. NOTES ON SOCIAL ABNORMALITIES
The foregoing chapter concludes the necessarily deficient: physio-
logical observations, and the writer will now approach the pathology
of the tribes. In this connection it is necessary to touch on, first of
all, the unpleasant subject of social abnormalities, which often have
a direct connection with disease, injury, or even death.
ARTIFICIAL ABORTION
Desire for and love of children are universal among the Indians.
Nevertheless artificial abortion is practised among all the tribes vis-
ited, and is told of by the older men or women without much hesi-
tation. The causes of the practice are shame or fear in the unmar-
ried, and among married women inability through poverty to provide
for the family, or a loss of many previous children, or a desire to
be rid of concomitant physical difficulties and necessary subse-
quent cares. The occurrence is more frequent in the unmarried,
notwithstanding the fact that among most of the tribes early illicit
sexual intercourse is not very uncommon and the additional fact that
the bearing of children by unmarried women brings no particular
discredit and is but a slight obstacle to future marriage.
Nothing definite was learned as to the period of gestation at which
abortion is preferably induced; but it seems probable that no efforts
are made before the fetus has betrayed viability. The means em-
ployed are mainly some form of direct physical violence spose to
the abdomen; occasionally one hears of an ingestion of some ‘‘medi-
cine.” In most instances it appears that the prospective mother is
aided in the execution of her design by another woman, by a medicine-
man, or by the husband. There was found nowhere much fear of
serious bodily consequences, which suggests that these may be more
limited than under similar circumstances among white women.
DETAILS
Among the San Carlos Apache the means for induction of abortion
are mainly mechanical (e. g., pressure, as over an edge of a box or
a rock). Some of the old people are said to know a strong medi-
164 BUREAU. OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
cine which produces the desired result. The attempt is always made
in secrecy.
Among the White Mountain Apache abortion is usually produced
by leaning on a rock or a stout stick, or by manual pressure applied
to the fundus of the uterus.
Among the Mescaleros, according to information given to the writer
by Dr. W. McM. Luttrell (in 1900 the agent of the tribe), as well as
by others, abortion was not very rare. For this purpose the women
swallowed certain vegetal substances, particularly large doses of the
fermented acid juice of the inner bark of the pine; or they tried to
destroy the fetus by violent pressure upon the abdomen. In a few
instances a stick or a bent wire was said to have been used, being
introduced by another woman into the uterus; this practice was not
heard of elsewhere, and it is possible that it did not originate with
the Indians.
Among the Jicarillas, according to Mr. Johnson, the agent, and
Doctor Murphy, the physician of the tribe, abortion is but seldom
practised, and only in the case of unmarried women. For this pur-
pose certain herbs and plants found in that part of the country are
used; what they are is a secret with the old women of the tribe. It
is very probable that the herbs are aided by physical means.
Among the Navaho, Hopi, and other tribes manual or bandage
(sash) pressure is applied to the woman’s abdomen with the object
of crushing or expelling the fetus. The Zuni woman drinks some
decoctions, but if these fail, has recourse to pressure.“
Among the Pima, as with some other tribes, there are remark-
ably few half-breeds. It is said that this is partly due to the fact
that in most cases where a woman becomes pregnant by a white
man an abortion is induced. One well-known attempt of this nature
occurred very recently (see under Infanticide, p. 166). Mr. Alexander,
the agent, was told by the Indians of another case where abortion
yas induced by burying the woman up to her waist in the earth.
In an eighteenth century Pima confessionary are the following sug-
gestive questions: ‘‘Have you drank, from a desire to kill the child
within you, sanari or anything else?” ‘‘Or have you placed (with
the same object in view) a very hot stone upon your abdomen?”
‘‘Or have you lain for a length of time upon your front?” ‘‘Or
have you lain a long time in the sun?”’ ‘“‘Have you abstained for a
long time from eating, wishing that the baby in you dies of hunger?”
ee Have you aided anouer® woman to kill her unborn infant?”
aA re ssteainine influence in this tribe is the belief that the woman who induces abortion is likely to
lose the capacity of having more children. According to information given to the writer by Dr. E. J.
Davis, the agency physician, so great is this fear that as soon as a mother becomes aware that her
daughter is pregnant with an illegitimate child she at once assures her that all will be well and that
she must not interfere with it. When the old women learn of a recent case of abortion on the part of
a young woman, they place her at once in warm sand for ten days to prevent her “‘ drying up.”
A method favored in this tribe [Zuni] is for the woman to grasp her gravid uterus through the
abdominal wall and twist and squeeze it until she succeeds in detaching the fetal connections.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 165
Among the Mexican Indians the writer heard more about ‘“medi-
cines’”’ and less about violence as a means of inducing abortion;
but among most of the Mexican tribes observed, on account of their
contact with whites and their adoption of Christianity, investigation
of subjects of this nature is usually unsatisfactory.
~ Among the Opata, according to Doctor Alderman, abortion is some-
times attempted, principally from two causes—first, the rapidly in-
creasing family without corresponding means of support, and second,
the shame that comes to the unmarried women from having children.
The old women give various roots and herbs which they claim are
infallible. One is a tea made of rosemary and the “ocean arte-
misia.”” They administer these, then place the woman on her back
and knead her abdomen until pains are brought on. Then they place
her on her knees, take a position before her, and holding her by the
hips, shake her back and forth with all their force, as in normal
labor. If this is not successful the first time the whole process is
repeated.
ARTIFICIAL STERILITY
There is a very general belief among the Indians visited that sterility
may be artificially induced. To produce this result the women desir-
ing to have nomore children take internally certain harmless substances
(see chapter dealing with medicine), which to the Indian are repre-
sentative of sterility. The San Carlos Apache believe that artificial
sterility can be induced, but the means is not generally known. It is
supposed to be some variety of root. One of the women applied to
the writer for a “medicine to make her have no more children.”’
When questioned as to the propriety of such a proceeding, the answer
was that when one child after another is born and dies, or when a num-
ber of children, one after another, are born dead, something should
be done to end this unfortunate state of affairs.
Among the White Mountain Apache a woman desiring to have no
children, or to stop bearing, swallows now and then a little of the red
burned earth from beneath the fire. This means, which is much
believed in, is used mostly by the dissolute unmarried, but also by
sickly or very poor married women. Some of the Huichol women
drink a decoction of a certain plant to prevent childbearing. Cora
women, for the same purpose, take internally the scrapings of the
male deer horn.
INFANTICIDE
Among the Apache, Pima, Mohave, Navaho, Zuni, and Tepecano,
information was obtained from some of the Indians themselves that
no deformed or monstrous child (though such are very rare) is allowed
to live, and similar statements concerning other tribes were received.
It is said that a deformed child is smothered, or carried away and
166 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
left in the brush, or buried alive. But there are also instances of
the purely criminal infanticide—of the killing of a normal child by its
mother or some of her near female relatives. As a rule the child in
a case of this kind is either a mixed-blood (with an American, or
white Mexican, or, rarely, a negro father) or the mother is an unmar-
ried girl, ashamed of her condition.
One of the San Carlos men informed the writer that the newborn
infant who “has no father’? (meaning a halfbreed) is sometimes thrown
into brush and abandoned. Onespecific case was mentioned. Among
the Mescaleros, according to one of the tribe, if a monstrous child is
born—a very rare occurrence—it is killed. Half-bloods also in most
instances are not allowed to live, being destroyed either by induced
abortion, or by choking immediately after birth. The latter act is
very infrequent and is effected by the grandmother or some relative,
not the mother.
Among the Pima, according to Chief Antonio’s sister, infanticide is
rare. Quite recently one of the educated girls became pregnant by a
white man. As the gestation advanced to near the end, she was
observed to have a rope hanging from the roof, upon which she pulled
herself up and then dropped down. On another occasion she was seen
to run wildly against the door and strike it with her abdomen. Finally
a live child was born, but it died the same night. The cause of death
was not learned. In another case, about 1860, a young mother
killed a child 4 or 5 months old. She was “a bad woman who ran
much with white men”’ and eventually contracted syphilis and died.
She was seen to take her child with her on the road and while walking
far from the village throw it up into the air and catch it. This she
repeated several times until once she did not extend her arms and the
child fell to the ground. It became unconscious and she went to the
graveyard near by where she wanted to bury it. Just then it began
to cry again whereupon she killed it, probably by choking.
At Zuni five specific instances were heard of in each of which a
newborn infant came to death through its mother. In two of these
cases the children, born out of wedlock, were supposed to have
been killed purposely very soon after birth. In three other instances,
which may not have been intentional, the babies were suffocated by
their mothers rolling upon them at night.
CRIME
The most frequent and most serious transgressions among the
Indians here dealt with, at the present time, are deeds of violence due
to intoxication. In their normal state the Indians will deceive and
some will steal, and these lapses embrace by far the greater part of
their criminality. Juvenile offenders of serious grade are rare, and the
same is true of female adults, even if those spoken of in the preceding
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 167
chapter are included. The motives of love, which among the whites
are responsible for many serious transgressions, exist, with the excep-
tion of jealousy, in less force and to less extent among the Indians, par-
ticularly among the unmarried. The fewer wants of the Indian, and
the absence of the habit of hoarding property, general among most
of those of the Southwest and of northern Mexico, mean the lack of
the principal incentives to theft and robbery. Neither is revenge,
except temporarily, a very strong motive. It’ used to be considered
obligatory among some tribes, including the Apache, to avenge the
murder of one or more of their number by killing some of the enemy,
but there is no evidence that beside this custom of war there existed
within any tribe itself anything like blood vendetta. Among the
predisposing causes to violence the first place belongs to jealousy,
especially sexual, and the second to the sentiment of real or supposed
wrongs. Ifsuch feelings are present and emphasized by liquor, they
may result in a fight or murder.
According to the criminal statistics of the Eleventh United States
Census, 1890 (Report on Indians, 96-97), out of about 130,000 Indians,
there were confined in various prisons on June 1 of the census year, 322
prisoners—307 males and 15 females. Of these, 166 were single, 138
married, and only 4 were less than 15 years of age. The table of the
offenses was as follows:
Crimes. | Males. |Females.
iW iensesa tains tabhe mOveENUClAWiet «o-oo aciencicas scot: sesiseck sv eos oeaseeescen ae LOS. ete soe
(NiGHTS SYS Ege YS a Tl a 2 ee Pe eee el SuEAL ees
RERIUGYe =~ oscc- c 845 Sar ES Shen Oo coe Bote ae ee Sanco: eae a ee Hes at a ees Ste eae
J NGI GINS = so sete SaaS 5 0CCSE EEO eee ae tee ea eee SEBO CSS Se aneaeae By [anne sabe
IP OLARICHOTL. = 5 eGeqe poe Se BOISE Bae ere OSES OE IIE EEE sees oe | Re 1
WOBURN ETO Te OT EG (DON? JE Aes eee SAE cc ae Inn Ie i cry ee oe 5D [Neat eters
PHONG. Ma OR MODEL OI 5 85S. APOE Ar ger ae ete Pe Sete RS ae eR ee ee SCE 9 | 8
UO ENE OMeNSes asain st pubic mMOrals* eo... .2 5-224 e snes ee aehe eae ecb ss Dre Stet aetoue
DINO TO Or lveCONGIIG learn ce ora cr ler Ae isn eke aot Paic se ate eio me oe Sale eens eteeancke Se Bil aeeactere
Milouheniofensesiacainst public peace: 4.3042... 5..2- 225s ee A nee. | Oe erro tae
\Y GISIRTNINON. S Seidg cated etre a eas DOC ABER Ee ESE aE SC I Ae Pe eee SR ee ee 4 1
Miloubermoenses against: public policy... ....-=<-s:---s+- Senor D. Pablo Genaro Santibanez, in Mezquitic, Jalisco.
cFor much of the information regarding this subject among the Otomi, the author is indebted
to Sefor Licenciado Ysaac Rivera, judge of Tula.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS aera
indifference. In the Ixmiquilpan district the proportion of homi-
cides among the Otomi is even greater than among those of the Tula
district.“
SUICIDE
Suicides occur among most of the tribes visited, but on the whole
they are rare, especially among the women.
No instance of death by suicide was learned of among the South-
ern Ute.°
Among the White Mountain Apache one or more cases of self-
destruction occur every year. The means vary. Some individuals
accomplish their purpose by means of a knife, others with a rope, gun,
or poison, and some jump from a cliff. The main cause of self-
destruction is despondency, or, as the Apache expressed it, ‘‘his
people would not give him anything in his need;”’ ‘‘all her relatives
dying, she would die also,” etc. A man may kill himself when his
wife dies, or a wife may take her own life when her children die,
and sometimes suicide occurs during intoxication.
On the San Carlos reservation suicide is rare. Only two definite
instances could be learned of by the writer. In one three men prison-
ers who were to be hanged the next day strangled themselves in the
prison by tying cords about their necks, while the second case, which
occurred about ten years ago, was that of an old woman who had an
altercation with her daughter and in the following night strangled
herself with a rope.
Among the Jicarillas suicide is infrequent. A man shot himself
after having accidentally inflicted a wound from which he was threat-
ened with slowly bleeding to death.
Among the Navaho rare instances of suicide occur from destitu-
tion, despondency, or drink.
Among the Papago suicide is seldom heard of. The means are
stabbing, shooting, and hanging.
Among the Pima suicide is rare. During his life Chief Antonio saw
three such instances himself and heard of several others. All of
these were men, and all shot themselves.
No recent case could be learned of among either the Mohave, Yuma,
or Zuni.
Among the Tarahumare occasionally a despondent individual ends
his life by hanging.
an many of the less civilized tribes there are other forms of native punishment for crime besides
that of death, which seem to be reserved only for those believed guilty of witchcraft. The most
common punishment (Yuma, Fepehuane, Tepecano, Huichol, etc.) is castigation; another is
incarceration with, or more often without, food and drink. Among the Huichol, in addition to all
the above punishments, is found that of confining one foot of the criminal in a heavy perforated plank
or log. The punishment is apparently meted out to both sexes alike.
5On June 30, 1904, the agent of the tribe reports “one suicide . . . the first one known among the
Southern Utes.”” Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1904, 174.
2 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Among the Huichol suicide, though infrequent, occurs in both
sexes. The cause is mostly jealousy, destitution, or domestic
troubles. The usual method is by hanging.
Among the Otomi, Mazahua, and Aztec suicides are infrequent.
The most common means is hanging.
In no instance has the writer heard of a suicide by drowning.
XI. MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
PATHOGENY
Numerous agencies capable of affecting the Indian’s health have
already been mentioned in other connections.
Irritations of many kinds and an occasional graver disorder are
caused by parasites and insects. The most troublesome of these
pests, besides the ubiquitous mosquito, are various minute insects
found in the warmer and wetter parts of Mexico that burrow into
or under the skin. A large number of a species of mites are apt to
cause fever, and individuals of another variety, which have a partial-
ity for the toes, cause local suppuration which, if neglected, results
occasionally in the loss of a toe. Fortunately the areas of distri-
bution of these insects are restricted. They cause much suffering
among the Huastec, east of the Otomi (Hidalgo) region. The bites
of certain Mexican ants are very painful. Bites or stings of spiders,
centipeds, scorpions, snakes, particularly the rattlesnake, and the bite
of the Gila monster, which is of rare occurrence, are additional causes
of painful and sometimes dangerous conditions. Scorpions, scarce
in Arizona and New Mexico, abound in southern Sonora, Sinaloa,
Durango, Jalisco, and Tepic, and stings by them are quite common.
They are occasionally fatal to children and may cause death in
debilitated adults.” Venomous snakes are numerous only in certain
localities and are more common in the wet than in the dry season.
Bites by snakes other than the rattlesnake were not heard of, but
those inflicted by the latter are not rare. The writer saw two Indians,
one a child and the other an adult, recently bitten by rattlesnakes.
Both of these recovered. He also heard of a number of similar cases
among the Indians as well as among mixed-bloods and whites, but in
none of these instances did the bite prove fatal. Recovery is usu-
ally attributed to the administration of ‘‘medicine”’ or employment
of other means, to be described later, but more probably it depends
a The scorpion sting, which the writer once experienced himself, produces lotally an immediate and
intense burning, then a moderate and slowly extending swelling and tumefaction, with numbness and
a high degree of hyperesthesia of the parts near the wound. In the writer’s case the numbness lasted
several days and slight local dysesthesia was Telt mucn 1onger. Systemic symptoms in ordinary cases
may be wanting, or there may develop a feeling of constricnon in the throat, accompanied with diffi-
culty in breathing and an unpleasant sensation in the head. ‘The initial symptoms are nearly the
same in all, but the graver ones differ with individuals. The worst effects are said generally to follow
the sting of the small white or reddish scorpion. A large black variety is feared but little.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 14:
on the nature, quantity, and place of introduction of the poison.
Bites of the Gila monster, tarantula, and centiped, although much
spoken of, are very rare and are probably never fatal. Intestinal
parasites are heard of but seldom.
The harmful plants of the region covered include, besides such
vegetable poisons as aconite, datura, etc., and poisonous fungi, species
that act only on some whites, as well as on some Indians, in a manner
similar to poison ivy or sumac; and there are also plants that act,
only on a somewhat prolonged contact with the skin, like canthari-
des (vesicants). Of these plants the only ones that were occa-
sionally heard of as having caused harm to anyone, without being
administered as medicine or poison, were those that act by contact,
principally species of Rhus. The Indians are sufficiently acquainted
with the qualities of many of the harmful plants to avoid them.
Tobacco is cultivated by some of the Mexican tribes (e. g., the Tzra-
humare) and grows wild elsewhere (e. g., in the Otomi region,
Hidalgo), it is smoked by the men in all the tribes, but nowhere to
excess. The preferred way of using it is in the form of cigarettes,
made usually of a little tobacco and much corn husk. It is probably
never the cause of any sickness. A species of datura is occasionally
added to tesvino by the White Mountain Apache, and in another
form is said to be used by the Walapai and the Zuni. Peyote is
taken among most of the Mexican tribes, above all by the Huichol,
and also to a slight extent by the Papago and Pima. Nothing
apparently is known by the Indians visited of the use of any other
narcotic plants.
The dry season throughout is, naturally, the more healthful one.
The diseases that develop during this season comprise milder forms
of malaria, or calentura, numerous cases of ophthalmia induced mainly
by flying sand, and in the colder localities a moderate number of
affections of the bronchial system, lungs, and pleura. During the wet
season malarial disorders become prevalent and more dangerous.
Their frequency and gravity increase from the north southward; they
are particularly serious along the lower stretches of the Pacific coast.
Epidemics are more common and fatal during the rainy season, and
the same is true of arthritic troubles and of gastro-intestinal disorders
in adults and particularly in infants. On the whole, the rainy season
is the period of danger to health and one of increased mortality.
drregular meals, imperfect preparation of food, and the nature of
some of it, as the apparently much relished unripe fruit, give rise to
frequent gastro-intestinal disturbances.
Excesses in food and especially in drink, where they occur, are
quite as prolific sources of digestive disorders as they are in whites,
but serious consequences of either are met with but seldom. The
Indian drinks readily to excess on all favorable occasions, and yet
174 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
there were seen, especially among the Arizona and New Mexican
tribes, no such slaves to drink, such constant and craving topers,
as occur among the whites. The conditions are worse in this respect
among the Aztec, Otomi, and Tarasco, and it is there only that one
meets with the alcoholic tremor, the mental obtuseness of the
drunkard, and‘ inherited nervous affections, due to alcoholism, in
the progeny.
Want of proper clothing, bed covering, and shoes in the women
results undoubtedly in some physical discomfort, but on the whole
does not seem to have the effect it might have on people accustomed
to other conditions. The women go barefooted in any kind of weather.
They were seen by the writer to wade thus in snow slush. They pay
very little attention to wet and cold weather, and the children expose
themselves to rain with much pleasure. Catarrhs sometimes follow,
and the exposure is probably not always without ill effect on the
female pelvic organs, yet really serious consequences seem to be rare.
In several instances in the schools it appeared that the reverse
condition, namely, a more abundant clothing than usual, had a bad
effect on the health of the children.
As to occupation, there is none among the male or the female
Indians that leads to either disease or deformity. The carrying ofs
water jars on the head by the girls tends to make their bodies straight
and symmetrical.” It has no effect at all on the form of the skull.
Contact with whites, besides leading to drunkenness, is responsi-
ble for the introduction of venereal diseases, and where this contact
is greatest, as in some parts of northern Mexico, it is chargeable with
the spread of contagions. ‘The lack of hygienic precautions is largely
responsible for the spreading and sad effects of numerous diseases
among the tribes. Among the most striking examples of this is the
prevalence of ophthalmia and consequent blindness, and the spread of
pulmonary tuberculosis. An irritation of the eyes results from the
sand that is blown about during the dry season almost daily in some
localities, or from the smoke within the dwelling, or from an infec-
tion. In some individuals recourse is had to remedies, but more
usually the eyes are simply cleansed and rubbed with a piece of any
convenient old rag, and the people continue to follow their usual
vocations. The writer saw a middle-aged woman more than half
blind through ophthalmia trying to cook for the family and to work
at the same time in the smoky khuva on a basket, the price of
a Little girls, naturally very playful, are early employed in helping in the household, particularly
with the younger children, which they often carry on their backs. Owens (Natal Ceremonies of the
Hopi Indians, Jour. Amer. Ethnol. and Archexol., 1892, 11, 164), speaking of the Hopi, thought this
too severe a strain, tending to produce the numerous bowlegs he saw among the women. But this
is anerror. The writer measured and examined more than 50 adult women of the tribe (one of the
measurements taken being the maximum circumference of the leg, when generally the whole limb up
to the knee was exposed), and also numerous girls, and did not observe a single instance of bowleg-
gedness. He observed no case of stooping shoulders, or other acquired deformity, and did not see a
tibia or a femur with abnormal curvature among either the Hopi or other Pueblos. =
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 175
which was to bring needed provisions. No precaution is taken against
communication of the trouble to others in the dwelling. Unless a
white physician interferes, such cases are generally allowed to run their
course, the end being often total blindness. The percentage of
blind in some of the tribes is appalling. As to pulmonary tubercu-
losis, a patient with the disease lies in the hut which is common to
the family, and often in immediate proximity to other members.
Next to him is usually placed a piece of a broken vessel, into which
he expectorates, but often he expectorates simply into the ashes on
the floor of the dwelling or out of the door. In eating and drinking
he uses the same utensils as the other members of the family, and
his food is the same. The family feels the gravity of the disease,
but it is usually in absolute ignorance as to its nature and the
danger of contagion.
In general, ignorance among the Indians, as elsewhere, must be
regarded as the most potent pathogenic agency.
DISEASES AMONG THE INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST AND OF
NORTHERN Mexico
The subject of diseases among the Indians was approached through
*direct observation and inquiries and, near the conclusion of these,
through an official circular requesting information on a number of
important pathological conditions from all the physicians of the United
States Indian service.
Direct investigation into disease among the Indians met with numer-
ous difficulties not ordinarily encountered elsewhere. There is much
distrust of the white man and shyness, especially on the part of the
women, in his presence. Other impediments are the antagonism of
the Indian medicine-men; the scattered condition of the people; the
limited time for observation; and the difficulties of language and of
obtaining accurate descriptions of symptoms. Besides it is very often
impracticable to make the chemical tests and microscopical examina-
tions essential to the proper recognition of numerous morbid condi-
tions. These limitations prevented more or less effectually in the
different tribes many desirable and detailed observations. Yet in
numerous instances at least some of the distrust was overcome, and
the writer visited the sick in their houses and had others come for
medicine. Other sources of information were individuals who con-
sented to be measured and the chiefs, resident physicians, or other
authorities, from whom much was learned in response to interroga-
tions. The records concerning the various tribes, though made in the
_ main without preconceived opinions, and some of them gathered several
years apart, show not a little uniformity. There are also special fea-
tures with certain of the peoples, and these are likely to be increased
in number and accentuated with the increase of knowledge. It is
176 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
hoped that the deficiencies in these records will stimulate further
scientific inquiry into the subject wherever opportunity offers.
The Southern Ute are subject to various digestive and pulmonary
disorders, including consumption. Insanity is very rare, and no one
could tell of having seen a case of epilepsy in the tribe. Convulsions
in children occur. There are but few cripples, and in every case
seen the deformity was due to some accident. Many children die
from ‘‘colds”’ and intestinal diseases. The cases that came under
the writer’s observation consisted mainly of more or less chronic dis-
orders of the digestive organs; there were also several cases of cough,
one of pulmonary tuberculosis, two of enlarged prostate, several
instances of sore eyes, and a fracture of both bones of the forearm.
Syphilis and gonorrhea exist, but it was. not possible to ascertain to
what extent. There was no trace of rachitis or of any pathological
cranial deformation.
Among the Apache in Arizona and New Mexico the disease that is
assuming the greatest importance is pulmonary consumption. There
isscarcely another tribe in the Southwest or in northern Mexico in which
tuberculosis is so prevalent. On the San Carlos reservation, among
a population of a little more than 3,000, there occurred from 1901 to
1903, according to Dr. R. H. Ross’s report to the Indian Bureau, 255
deaths, of which 95, or over 36 per cent, were due to different forms
of tuberculosis. The writer found tuberculous glands or recent scars
due to them in more than 6 per cent of the school children at San
Carlos.
Among the Mescaleros the conditions are even worse. The deaths
and causes of death among this people, who number about 450 indi-
viduals, during the five years ending July, 1903, were, according to
Dr. W. Harrison’s report to the Indian Bureau, as follows:
SCHOOL CHILDREN
nee Tuber- | Pneu- | ae Other
Year. culosis. | monia. |@8tTitis causes.
1898-99 3... Sey Seas soca te eee See oe Bee Een eee 2 Pace kee eel eae see 2
1SOG“1900 Eee eee Av Tene ee ae ee ea ECR Se Ae eee ane ade Fae | ap eee
NG OQORI9ON cee cic kes et ne cial eee oe REC eee em I ae pt ens ae 0
OOM HO aa feresk 4 Soret Sint ee Se eee Sie es eee AE ee Bae a\2 DAlGometonees lbaoradovcc
KS 0 a oe eRe a Sear EEN ml Mee ACen, MMR cane So cacy tee a4 | PON) Sei Se EET oe |,’
OTHERS OF ALL AGES
SOB HOO iia aie cet eres elo tae Sie Sheeting Sate ae oe Sree aE EP ee 4 ill | oe ee 83
1899-1900. sft ett eacoe emotes Gina Muale Soe Sees eeee eee eeeee Giese eesleoaeere ee 3
1900-1901 alas latte ew Dale ae Bes eis See eames Cee eee EEE eee 4 Lalkesceheeade 5
VQ RH 2 oars aid sn eaSie awe hess Spears Pore lind aera a ee EI ee ee ne Zr 1 1 1
1902-3 site sae ea cee eae ee ote oh ee OF See Le eee 6 2 2 2
a All boys.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS jane
During the writer’s stay with this tribe in the early part of 1905
several of the school children suffered with various forms of tuber-
culosis, two dying of tubercular meningitis.
On the White Mountain (Arizona) reservation cases of tuberculosis
are less common, but are more frequent again among the Jicarillas (see
the statistical portion of this chapter).
Both epilepsy and insanity are occasionally encountered among the
‘Apache. The writer’s Apache interpreter at White Mountain (Ari-
zona), about 35 years old, had known personally five epileptics—three
young men and two young women. Dr.S. D. Bell, in 1900 the White
Mountain (Fort Apache) agency physician, during the time of his stay
on the reservation, saw two cases of epilepsy, both in young men,
and three of insanity—one in an old man, one in a middle-aged man,
and one ina schoolboy; information was also obtained of one middle-
aged man and one child imbecile. Insanity in the female sex was
said to be very rare, as among other tribes in the Southwest and
northern Mexico.
One of the writer’s White Mountain Apache guides had a boy who,
from nervousness, could not eat the red-fleshed pitahaya; “it looked
to him too much like blood.”
It was denied that the tulipi causes any sickness, although an excess
of it induces vomiting. The after effects are weakness and headache,
but these seldom last more than half a day; there is no loss of appetite,
rather the reverse. In nursing women there seems to be no great
effect on the quantity of the milk, but the writer has seen nursing
infants who were made more or less sick by such milk.
On the San Carlos agency there were, in the early part of 1905, two
old men partially insane. One of these was entirely harmless, and was
said to have ‘pretty good sense,’”’ but would often walk about singing
aloud and acting queerly. He was laughed at by the others, and
took this ridicule good naturedly. The other man was also quite
harmless, but was said to have a tendency to steal and also delu-
sions. The writer observed both cases and diagnosed them as light
forms of dementia.
A San Carlos man was seen who had paresis of both legs. He could
extend and contract his limbs, but could not stand up. He had fallen
from a horse a number of times, but did not connect any of these
accidents with his ailment, which began very gradually about seven
years ago. The condition of the patient at the present time is about
stationary.
As to nervous affections in children, there were in January, 1905, at
the San Carlos school, four of the larger girls who suffered from
nervous spells which, from the description given, were hysteria. The
attacks, according to the matron, were in all quite alike in the main
particulars. They began with crying aloud and profuse shedding of
3452—Bull. 834—08 12
178 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
tears; then there would be excitement, or a stage of semirigidity.
In no case was a real loss of consciousness or a total loss of self-control
noticed. One of the girls, after some preliminary crying or excite-
ment, would throw herself on her bed in a sort of stupor. Two other
girls each had once a spell of a similar nature. The girls, in general,
seem to be well acquainted with the condition. They are not fright-
ened by it, but when a case occurs run to the patient, press hard into
the pit of her stomach, and rub her wrists and eyes. Several girls
at the Rice school had occasional “crying spells,’ but no motor
symptoms.
No case of chorea was noticed in either the San Carlos or the Rice
school, and but one of an apparently organic nervous trouble (Rice
school), which consisted of a form of aphasia in a half-grown girl.
At San Carlos a Mohave (Yavapai) child about three years of age
was in a partially palsied condition, as a result of the severe labor
attendant on its birth. Up to about 11 years of age incontinence of
urine, apparently of nervous origin, is occasionally met with in the
Apache and other tribes, in children of both sexes; the trouble dis-
appears without treatment. ,
Among the Mescaleros a high-grade imbecile boy was seen, about 12
years old. His father was dead and his mother a consumptive. The
mother says that the boy when about 8 months old was frightened by
a whirlwind and became as he is. Two other feeble-minded boys
were heard of.
Among the Jicarillas there were in 1903, according to Mr. Johnson,
the agent, several deaf and dumb children. These children, although
born of apparently healthy parents, have been thus since birth. In
1904 there were in the tribe two insane men—one 35 and one about 45
years of age. One of these became insane through drunkenness.
Among the White Mountain Apache, and to a less extent among the
Jicarilla Apache, goiter occurs, but no case of this affection was seen
or reported among the San Carlos or the Mescaleros. No information
of cretinism could be obtained.
One boy was found on the San Carlos reservation, having a partly
anterior and partly lateral spinal curvature apparently of tuberculous
origin; he did not appear to be a full-blood.
Smallpox scars are comparatively rare among the Apache; this is
rather strange in view of the former extensive contact of the tribe
with the Mexicans. Pneumonia and bronchitis occur in all branches
of the people, and the same seems to be true of malaria.
A case of apparent elephantiasis of the scrotum in a San Carlos
Apache was observed in 1904 by Doctor Ross, the San Carlos agency
physician.
Affections of the breasts or nipples incident to nursing are much
more rare among all the Apache than among white women. Pelvic
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 179
affections are also rare. A San Carlos woman had uterine and lum-
bar pains in the seventh or eighth month of pregnancy; she had
suffered in a similar manner for about a month before her previous
child was born; though wanting relief she would not be examined.
In only one small child on the San Carlos reservation, out of about
500 seen, were there present distinct signs of malnutrition, and none
such was met with among the other Apache.
The Apache school children complain little of itching in any part
of the body; but the spines of the xez cactus (Opuntia leptocaulis)
often produce a hard swelling that itches. Among the larger boys in
the San Carlos school four cases of gonorrhea occurred within a year;
there were none among the girls.
Impetigo contagiosa in children is quite common among all the
Apache. It seems to occur in all parts of the body. A Mescalero
girl.was seen who was much affected with it about the ears, and a
small abscess developed in the right cheek. A case of herpes zoster
was seen in a Mescalero about 75 years old. Numerous cases of warts
on the hands existed at the time of the writer’s visit among the
Mescalero school children.
Among the Walapai, stomach and intestinal disorders were found
to be common in the adults as well as in the young; in this respect
the school children fared much better than those in the camp. Con-
sumption is not rare, and according to Doctor Perkins, the agent, it
is sometimes very rapid in its course. In one case which the Doctor
noticed, the patient succumbed in two months. At the beginning of
1902 an epidemic of pneumonia developed among the school children;
it was attributed indirectly to the introduction of steam pipes and
more abundant clothing. In the early part of 1904 an epidemic of
measles visited the school and spread to the Havasupai, causing a
large number of deaths among the children. Venereal diseases are
not rare in the tribe, but reliable data were not obtainable.
The Navaho, except perhaps those around Fort Defiance, are a
healthy tribe. The country they inhabit is among the most salubri-
ous regions in the Southwest. The most common disorders in the
tribe are those affecting the digestive tract. Like other Indians, the
Navaho have learned within recent years to make an inferior kind
of bread in which they use much cheap baking powder; besides this
the bread is not baked well, and being eaten in large quantities
indigestion necessarily results.
The increasing use of large quantities of black coffee must also have
a bad effect. Headache, not infrequently complained of, and ver-
tigo, prevalent to some extent, are probably largely due to disturb-
ance of the digestive organs, although. they sometimes follow pro-
longed exposure to the sun of the habitually uncovered head. Signs
of syphilis, especially the tertiary signs, are very rare. The writer has
180 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
treated or observed one case apparently of typhoid fever, one of mitral
insufficiency, one of infantile paralysis, and one of a moderate degree
of dementia and light tremor (in an old man); no other nervous
diseases, or insanity, idiocy, epilepsy, or rachitis, were encountered.
Tumors are said to occur, though they are rare; and the same is true
of female diseases of a serious nature. Rheumatic pains, particu-
larly in the lumbar region, are quite common in elder people. They
lead occasionally to stooping. Whooping cough occurs in children.
In 1897 there was an epidemic of smallpox. Malaria is not common;
however, the writer had occasion to treat two plain, though not very
severe, cases of intermittent fever. Simple ophthalmia and irritation
of the eyes are quite common. Chronic ophthalmia, granular lids,
and narrowing of the orbital orifice by adhesion proceeding from the
canthi, are met with in some of the aged. Total blindness is very
infrequent. Some young men between 18 and 25 suffer with facial
acne. According to Mr. Wallace (formerly a druggist, now with a
trader on the northern part of the reservation), the Navaho, like
other Indians, expose themselves much in winter; as a result colds
are frequent, and being generally neglected, lead sometimes to more
serious pulmonary troubles. Not a few children die each winter
from the results of exposure and other privations, and in summer
from the eating of unripe fruit or other injurious food.
The most common diseases among the Hopi are ophthalmia and
gastro-intestinal disorders. The ophthalmias are most often directly
or indirectly the result of irritation produced by wind-blown sand.
The fine sand enters the eyes, and as these are generally rubbed with
unclean hands or pieces of clothing inflammation is soon produced
and kept up. As a result, a comparatively large number of persons
become more or less blind. Gonorrheal ophthalmia and trachoma are
met with also. There is some rheumatism, which, however, does not
lead to any deformation. Senile arthritis, causing stiffness of the
spine and stooping, is also met with. At the writer’s visit there were
on the first two mesas at least five cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.
In every case the disease was of the active type and attended with
considerable sweating and high temperature. Among the women of
Mishonenovi four cases of goiter were seen and others were heard of,
but in the other Hopi villages the writer found but one case of this
affection. Chiefs Hani and Caloqui assured the writer that, at the
time of his visit (1900), there were no insane, idiot, deaf and dumb,
congenitally blind, or congenitally deformed, persons among the Hopi
on the First mesa, but there were several imbeciles in the other
villages. An epileptic lived there some years ago, and another was
learned of at Oraibi. One man living on the First mesa was partially
deaf (cause unknown), and one had defective speech.
Of diseases among the Hopi children there were seen several cases
of favus, three of chicken pox, three of dry eczema, two of scrofula,
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 181
one of strabismus, numerous instances of conjunctivitis and some of
cough; none of congenital syphilis, spinal or limb deformation, or
rachitis,
Among the Zuni the most prevalent and fatal diseases are those of
the intestinal tract (enteritis of different forms but not typhoid),
pneumonia, tuberculosis (particularly pulmonary), and various infec-
tions. Some cases of diphtheria developed in the winter of 1901-2.
Smallpox occurs occasionally and is very serious; 250 Zuni died of
it in winter of 1898—99, and it has been the chief cause of the decrease
of Zufi population. The writer has seen many lighter gastro-
intestinal disorders, some chronic arthritis (in the old), and numerous
sore eyes; also a case of hard but painful ventral tumor in a woman
of middle age. According to the official report of Mrs. J. A. Palin,
field matron, there occurred among the Zuni in the fiscal year 1901-2,
51 deaths; during the year 1902-3 there were 56 deaths (18 babes,
13 girls, 10 boys, 6 women, and 9 men), of which 3 were due to
diphtheria, 3 to consumption, and the others chiefly to influenza
with complications, and intestinal diseases. One case of varicose
veins (moderate degree) was seen in an elderly Woman, and she
said that some other women were similarly afflicted, though the
cases were not severe or numerous. Only one individual was learned
of, a full-blood boy 9 years old, who was apparently congenitally deaf
and dumb. The writer could find no epileptic, though epilepsy has
occurred in the tribe. var
In 1900 there was in the Zuni village a girl ‘‘exhibitionist,” who on
several occasions stripped herself nude and thus ran about in public.
Information was obtained about one individual, a man of about 25
years of age, with a mild form of insanity. Another young man,
healthy at the time of the writer’s visit, has had several spells of recur-
rent mania. No idiots exist or have been known in the tribe, but
light degrees of feeble-mindedness occur now and then. Twelve blind
individuals were found; in all the condition had been acquired
through smallpox or inflammations. Venereal diseases exist, to
what extent could not be ascertained. Serious tertiary signs were
seen in none, those of congenital syphilis probably in one.“
« According to Mrs. M.C. Stevenson, a case of lupus or epithelioma exists now in the tribe in a woman.
Mrs. Stevenson believes that perineal lacerations are frequent.
The following letter was recently received by the writer from Dr. E. J. Davis, the Zuni agency
physician:
“During the two years of my stay among the Zuni I have gained but little direct knowledge concern-
ing diseases among their women. I am rarely consulted in cases of gynecological lesions. They are
not, I feel safe in saying, as prevalent among these people as among American women.
“The men seem to be free from the ravages of venereal diseases to the extent with which many other
tribes are cursed though they are occasionally infected. I have not seen an acute case of syphilis.
The prevailing diseases are gastro-intestinal; affections of upper respiratory tract in winter season;
and a large number of cases of simple conjunctivitis. The children have, in addition to the above, a
number of cutaneous disorders, prominent among which is impetigo contagiosa.”
See also Yarrow, H.C., Medical Facts relating to the Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Rocky Mountain
Medical Review, Colorado Springs, 1880-81, 1, 191. S
182 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
The Papago appear to be healthier people than some of the other
Southwestern Indians. In 1902 there were no blind, deaf or dumb,
idiots, epileptics, or hunchbacks in the San Xavier district. There
was one insane. No one of the informants could tell the writer of a
person afflicted with goiter. Pulmonary tuberculosis is well known
and feared, but cases of the disease are not numerous.
Among the Pima tuberculosis in its different forms, including scrof-
ula, is quite frequent. According to an estimate made by the writer
while with the tribe in 1905, there are about three persons, mostly
young,” with developed pulmonary tuberculosis, to each 1,000 per-
sons in the tribe. Deaths due to tubercular diseases of all classes are,
according to Dr. A. E. Marden, the resident physician, more numerous
than those from all other causes combined. According to statistics
submitted by this physician to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, the
sanitary condition in the Pima boarding school from 1898 to 1903 was
as follows:
1898-1899—Pupils, average, 175.
jpidemic of measles, 150 cases, | death.
1899-1900—Pupils, average, 180.
Epidemic of measles, 53 cases, no deaths.
Pneumonia, 4 cases, no deaths.
1900-1901—Pupils, average, 240.
2 deaths from tuberculosis.
; 2 deaths from enteric fever (typhoid).
1901-1902—Pupils, average, 275 to 325.
2 epidemics of grippe, 75 and 32 cases, 2 deaths.
Epidemic of enteric fever, 24 cases, 3 deaths.
3 deaths from tuberculosis.
Besides the above, there occur among the children a moderate num-
ber of cases of trachoma, numerous instances of conjunctivitis in all
forms and quite numerous instances of impetigo contagiosa. During
the writer’s first visit at Sacaton in 1902 the disease list of Dr. W. K.
Callahan showed the following cases treated, and the order in which
they developed, during the month of January:
Case. | Disease or injury. | Case. Disease or injury.
BOVers See Notes on the Indians of Sonora, Mexico, American Anthropologist, n.s., V1,no. 1,Jan.-Mar., 1904.
°
186 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
seems to be very rare, and among such of the Tarahumare as were
seen there was no instance of any degree of scrofula. There is no
rachitis. In the numerous Tarahumare skulls and other bones
examined the only pathological conditions, excepting a few injuries
were senile arthritis, a few cases of dental caries, some marks of
inflammatory or suppurative process about the alveoli, one small
osteoma on the dorsal surface of the frontal bone, and one abscess
in the superior maxilla. Among the less recent bones, as among
similar osteological remains of the Indians of other tribes in the
Southwest and northern Mexico, there was not a single suggestion of
rickets, syphilis, tuberculosis, or cancer.
Among the southern Tepehuane during the dry season ordinarily
there is but little sickness. The most frequent disorders, besides
digestive troubles, are headache, muscular rheumatic pains, calenturas
(malarias), and acute chest diseases. Epidemics are rare.
Among the Tepecano, in Jalisco, the most frequent causes of death
among the adults are ‘‘fever’? (in all probability severe malaria or
typhoid), calentura (mostly less severe malaria), dysentery, and ‘‘a
chest disease of brief duration, accompanied with pain and fever’’
(probably pneumonia). The mortality of children is large, being due
chiefly to intestinal disorders. Calentura is also said by the people to
be not infrequently fatal among children. Smallpox has appeared
occasionally, causing numerous deaths. A certain percentage of
women die as the result of accidents or from diseases while pregnant,
during labor, or in the puerperium. The most common minor affec-
tions are pains in the muscles, back, or joints, headaches, some
vertigo (the last-named mainly the effect of drinking to excess, which,
however, is not frequently done), and conjunctivitis. Tumors occur
infrequently; of what nature they are could not be learned. Insanity
is very rare, and is believed to be incurable.¢
The diseases which the Huichol are mostly subject to are calenturas,
gastro-intestinal disorders, dolores costales (pleurisy or pneumo-
nia), and muscular or lumbar rheumatic pains. The writer was told
of individuals who died of some acute affection ‘‘of the head’’ accom-
panied by severe vertigo. Dysentery occurs; it is very probably, in
some cases at least, of malarial origin. Most children who die suc-
cumb to diarrhea, most adults to diseases affecting the respiratory
organs, other than tuberculosis, which, although it occurs, is rare.
Among ten young to middle-aged men who were interrogated as to
the different sicknesses they passed through since their childhood, in
two the answer was none; in one, occasional headache, calentura,
some pains in the stomach; in one, smallpox, calentura, cough; in
one, some form of enteric fever, calentura; in one, stomach troubles
and occasionally vertigo; in one, smallpox, stomach trouble, and
aSee also The Religion of the ‘‘ Chichimees,”’ etc., American Anthropologist, n.s., V, no. 3, July-Sept.,
1903, 385.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 187
occasional headache; in one, stomach disorder; in one, calentura,
pneumonia, or pleurisy; and in one, pneumonia or pleurisy, pains in
the back, vertigo, and stomach disorders. Among all the Huichol
seen not one was blind, but there was found one deaf and dumb child.
The most common disease among the Cora is calentura. Outbreaks
of smallpox are not infrequent and are much feared. Intestinal dis-
orders among infants are common. Pulmonary tuberculosis, though
not unknown, is rare.
Among the Tarasco the minor gastro-intestinal disorders were met
with most often. However, there was but little opportunity among
this tribe for extended observations.
The Otomi (Hidalgo), besides being commonly subject to digestive
disorders of lighter grades, show more often than other Indians
visited, excepting the Aztec, the common ill effects, both inherited
and acquired, of the abuse of intoxicants. Epilepsy and other
neuropathic conditions are met with quite frequently; but there are
districts in which the people are sturdier and healthier.
Among the Tlahuiltec, according to personal observations and the
information of the ‘‘padre’’ who works among them, the most com-
mon diseases, besides the frequent effects of alcoholism, are various
calenturas and pneumonia. In consequence of the abuse of aguar-
diente many individuals show tremors, premature feebleness, and
other disorders. In their largest village there are but a few really
old people. The health of the women, who drink less, is superior to
that of the men.
SUMMARY
The preceding details and the general information obtained in the
study of Indian diseases may be summarized as follows:
On the whole the health of the Southwestern and north Mexican
noncivilized Indians is superior to that of the whites living in larger
communities. The advantage of the Indian lies principally in the
greater freedom from those various morbid conditions that arise
through deficient inheritance, from those that in the white race
frequently accompany such processes or periods of life as teething,
puberty, menstruation, gestation, puerperium, menopause, and senil-
ity, and from malignant growths; while the only disadvantage of the
Indian consists in a possibly weaker resistance of his system to a
few of the contagions.
Of afflictions of definite parts of the organism among the Indians of
the Southwest and northern Mexico it is possible to give the appended
information.
Pathological conditions of the blood are very rare, but anemia is
occasionally met with in the latter stages of malaria, or, in a light
degree in some of the taller school girls, who have become debilitated.
aSee also chapter dealing with medicine and treatment, and individual notes in detail tables.
188 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
As to the blood glands, the spleen suffers secondarily in malaria, as
in whites. The thyroid degenerates occasionally into goiter, particu-
larly in certain regions and individuals (almost exclusively females).
Lymph glands are apparently the seat of but one affection, namely,
scrofula. Even this is rare among the more primitive peoples, but
a moderate number of examples can be found in every tribe of the
more civilized Indians.
The prostate gland was found enlarged in a few instances.
Affeetions of the breast glands are much less common in Indian
than they are in white women.
Diseases or defects of the circulatory apparatus are very infre-
quent. Among more than 2,000 individuals examined the writer found
but 3 cases of organic heart trouble (all valvular insufficiencies) and
not one pronounced instance of advanced arterial sclerosis. No
definite information could be obtained about any case of apoplexy,
though some rather sudden deaths are remembered. Varicose
veins are rare. Direct examination in many hundreds of indivi-
duals failed to show one very pronounced instance. Hemorrhoids
are also infrequent. No case of a nevus came under the observation
of the writer.
Diseases of the respiratory apparatus are, on the other hand,
relatively common and cause numerous deaths. Among the non-
civilized tribes the chief of the more serious of these affections is
pneumonia; among the tribes on the road to civilization this begins
to be rivaled by pulmonary consumption. This latter disease,
which in all probability was extremely rare, if it existed at all, in
the prehistoric Indians, and was seldom seen up to a century ago,
is gradually becoming everywhere more common, even among the
Indians of the Sierras. It attacks especially the adolescents and
younger adults. It follows a very rapid course in some individuals
and moderately rapid in others, and is nearly always fatal; in a few
only it becomes chronic. Judging from descriptions, pleurisy is not
uncommon at certain seasons, while milder grades of bronchitis and
allied affections are met with quite often during the cold weather.
No instances of severe asthma, of ‘‘false,”” or of membranous croup
were encountered.
Disorders of the digestive apparatus are very common, but they
are rarely, except in infants, of a serious nature.
Contrary to all expectations, typhoid is very rare.
Forms of bloody diarrhea or dysentery, often probably of malarial
origin, attack the Indians, children as well as adults, in certain
localities, especially in the lowlying parts of Mexico.
Intestinal parasites (tapeworms) are heard of but seldom.
No ease of appendicitis, peritonitis, ulcer of the stomach, or of any
crave disease of the liver, was observed.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 189
Constipation, while by no means as common as among the whites
(and especially as among white women), was heard of quite often.
An occasional case of dropsy shows the occurrence of nephritis.
Kidney disorders in pregnancy and eclampsia appear to be rare.
Diseases of the sexual organs, excepting syphilis and gonorrhea, are
very seldom alluded to, or indicated by any external signs, among
those who approach or are approached by the physician. The
women usually deny their existence. Perineal and uterine lacera-
tions, prolapsus, and other morbid conditions presumably should
be rather common, but whatever evidence is obtainable in the mat-
ter contradicts such an opinion. Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and
metrorrhagia occur, though rarely.
Venereal diseases, while carefully guarded against—in some instances
with apparent success—prevail more or less in the tribes near rail-
road centers and near larger white settlements. Notwithstanding
the unhygienic condition of the Indians, neither syphilis nor gonor-
rhea is commonly attended by great destruction of tissue or grave
general consequences. The bones of the syphilitics, however, ulti-
mately become affected as in whites. In women syphilis generally
conditions premature births, and the infants are usually dead. Inher-
ited signs of syphilis in living children are very uncommon.*
With few exceptions, diseases of the skin are restricted to cases of
eczema, favus, or ulcers (pemphigus, and especially impetigo con-
tagiosa) in the children, acne in adolescents or young adults, and
some ulcers, due to neglect, in the older.
Of nervous and mental disorders headache is quite common; ver-
tigo is heard of occasionally; hysteria of light-to-moderate form is
met with occasionally in growing-up girls; tremors occur in those
addicted to drink; epilepsy and weak-mindedness are quite rare,
though perhaps not more so than among whites; insanity and paraly-
sis are very infrequent, and high-grade idiocy is almost unknown. Of
-many nervous or mental pathological conditions nothing at all could
be learned.
Diseases and defects of the sense organs include numerous opthal-
mias, some trachoma, and occasionally a cataract. Strabismus is
very rare. Narrowing of the lids in consequence of chronic inflam-
mation of the conjunctiva is common in old people. Corneal ulcera-
tion and opacities are not infrequent. In every tribe, but particu-
larly among some of the Pueblos, there are found a number—in some
instances a relatively large number—of individuals who have lost
their sight in consequence of some eye affection. In a few the cause
has been an attack of smallpox. Minor disorders of vision are com-
mon among the more advanced Indian scholars. Ear diseases and
aIn the older burials in the Southwest and northern Mexico, the bones show no syphilis, or at
most a very few doubtful cases.
190 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
defects of hearing are quite rare, even in the aged. In a few tribes
there are from one to several deaf and dumb.
Dental caries is not rare, though much less frequent than among
the whites. It is usually a premolar or a molar that is affected.
Occasionally the gum or alveoli become involved, resulting in sup-
puration. Necrosis of importance was not seen in the living or in
the bones examined. Defects of the palate in an Indian of full blood
have not been met with, and but one minor case of harelip came
to notice.
Of contagious and infectious diseases not before specially men-
tioned, the most dangerous, and one by which none of the tribes
visited has been spared, is smallpox. Localized epidemics of measles
are quite common. The disease attacks both children and adoles-
cents, and occasionally, usually in the absence of proper treatment, is
attended with mortality much greater than is the same disease among
whites. Where early hospital treatment was afforded, the fatal or
even grave cases were rare. Scarlet fever, curiously, seems to be very
uncommon, if it occurs at all in these regions. The writer could
learn of no case of it either personally or from the resident physicians
or from the Indians. Whooping cough, on the other hand, is not very
rare; it does not seem to be more severe or dangerous than it is
among the whites. Diphtheria of moderate severity existed in 1902
and at other seasons in the Albuquerque school; it also occurred
within recent years at Zuni. Influenza has been reported from a
number of localities among the Southwestern Indians. Pneumonia,
in isolated cases, has appeared in an epidemic form. Parotitis is
seldom heard of. Malaria, known as ‘‘fever,’’ frios, or calentura,
occurs more or less, in various forms, among all the tribes. Usually
it is not fatal in the north and on the highlands, but assumes more
dangerous, including hemorrhagic and not infrequently fatal, forms
in the valleys and especially in the lower coast lands of northern
Mexico. Leprosy is not heard of, but there were observed a few
cases of a condition allied to elephantiasis. The pinto malady was
not met with, though among the Mexican Indians there were
allusions to its existence farther south (Guerrero, etc.)
Malignant diseases, if they exist at all—that they do would be
difficult to doubt—must be extremely rare. The writer heard of
“tumors,’’ and saw several cases of the fibroid variety, but has
never come across a clear case of an epithelioma or other cancer;
nor has he as yet encountered unequivocal signs of a malignant
growth on an Indian bone (see notes in Bibliography).
Rheumatic affections are quite common, but are very seldom of a
serious nature. They seem to be restricted to the muscular variety,
lumbago, and the arthritis of senility. Of rachitis, or osteomalacia,
not a trace was encountered either in the living or in the bones, and
though goiter exists, there was found no case of cretinism.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 191
Hernia is rare, and the few cases seen or heard of were nearly all of
the umbilical variety and nearly all in children.
Pathological obesity does not exist (see Obesity, pp. 156-157).
For albinism, which is restricted almost entirely to the Hopi and
Zuni, see special section at the end of the chapter.
Fractures of bones are infrequent, more rare than among white
people.
In general, then, the morbid conditions that occur frequently, and
those that occur more rarely among the Southwestern and the north-
Mexican Indians than among average white Americans, are as follows:
Frequent among Southwestern Indians
Affections of the gastro-intestinal tract. | Smallpox; measles.
Affections of the respiratory organs. | Malaria: dysentery.
Affections of the eyes. | Pemphigo contagiosa (in children).
Muscular rheumatism and senile arthritis. |
Rare among Southwestern Indians
Anemia. | Dental caries.
Affections of breasts. Cancer.
Diseases of heart, arteries, and veins. Rachitis.
Asthma. Hernia (femoral, inguinal).
Affections of the liver. | Idiocy (high-grade).
Affections of the female sexual organs | Insanity.
(including those of pregnancy and _ Nervous diseases (excepting epilepsy).
puerperium, and lacerations). - Scarlatina.
Many affections of the skin. Bone fractures.
A few special remarks may be made in this place concerning syphilis
among the Southwestern and the north-Mexican natives before
the advent of whites. As already remarked, the disease in the Indian
affects the bones as it does in the whites, and in some of the recent
cases, of which there are good examples from Alaska, the destruction
of the bony tissues, particularly in the skull, is great; if, therefore,
syphilis existed before the Spaniards reached this country, signs of
it should be at least occasionally discovered in the ancient burials.
But the bones and particularly the skulls from the old burials are,
generally, free of signs characteristic of the disease; and this is true
of the bones from ancient graves in California, the Northwest coast,
and other localities, exclusive of the southeastern mounds. If this
easily communicable disease existed for any length of time before the
whites (Columbian and post-Columbian) came, it is difficult to see
how, with the well-known widespread intercourse among the Indians,
whole great regions could escape it. It may be remarked that signs
of the disease are absent also from the older burials from Peru and
other localities in South America. From some of the regions men-
tioned the osteological collections are extensive and have been made
in a thorough manner.
—
ie)
bo
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
ALBINISM
In studying the defects of pigmentation we meet with two appar-
ently related classes of phenomena. One is a regular, more or less
complete and extended congenital lack of the usual pigmentation, or
what may be termed albinism proper; the other being a generally irregu-
lar, more or less incomplete and extended, depigmentation occurring
at some period during life, and known more commonly as vitiligo.
Both of these conditions, originally probably neuropathic, yet seem-
ingly radically different, were met with among the Indians visited, but
in the southwestern United States the cases found are comparatively
few innumber and restricted toa few tribes, while no instance of either
condition was encountered among the Mexican Indians, with the
exception of the Tarahumare, among whom an albino was found by
Hartman,” and possibly the Mayo, among whom are said to occur,
far down the Mayo river, individuals with light hair, skin, and eyes.
The Mexican Indians are much scattered, however, and all detailed
inquiry is very difficult.
Among the Hopi and the Zuni albinism has been known since early
historic times, and apparently shows no tendency toward either a
marked increase or a marked diminution. The writer learned of one
case of complete albinism among the Navaho? and of another at Isleta,
besides which he saw a woman 50 years of age, a partial or atypical
albino (yellow hair, but moderately brown skin), among the Southern
Ute, and a case of vitiligo in a male Papago of about 55 years.
Finally, in four full-blood Mohave girls at the Fort Mohave school
were seen lighter, but not quite vitiligo-like, spots on the exposed
portions of the otherwise normal-looking skin.
The writer made it a point to see all the albinos among the Hopi,
and was able to measure all but one as well as to inquire somewhat
into their family history, for at the present time the condition is
doubtless propagated to some degree through heredity. Among the
Zuni he was able to examine but two of the men (see pl. xxvi).¢ As
the Hopi and Zui tribes are closely related physically and as the
albinism occurring among them is of the same nature, the data
relating to them will be presented conjointly.
The writer found among the Hopi (March, 1900) 11 and among the
Zuni (same year) 6 albinos. The proportion to the whole population
was 5.5 per thousand among the Hopi and 3.8 per thousand among
the Zuni.
Of the Hopi albinos, 3 were males and 8 females; of the Zufi, 3 males
and 3 females; total, 6 males and 11 females. Nine out of the total
aC. W. Hartman, The Indians of North-western Mexico, Congrés international des Américanistes,
1894, 128-129, Stockholm, 1897.
b Bourke (p. 460) mentions an albino family among the Navaho.
¢ See also notes on the Zuni albinos in Mrs. M. C. Stevenson's The Zuni Indians, Twenty-third Report of
Bureau of American Ethnology.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 193
17 albinos were children, 8 adults. All 17 were complete albinos, but
of slightly differing shades. There was found in the two tribes no
instance of partial albinism or vitiligo.
The general appearance of the albinos in both tribes was much
alike. Their physiognomy, irrespective of their slightly variant color,
differed from that of the other Indians. Their skin seemed to be of
ordinary texture, but more sensitive to exposure than in the full
colored. It was pink or white with a slight flush, and the exposed
parts usually showed a more or less pronounced sun discoloration,
much like the ordinary sunburn among the whites. On the body the
skin looked absolutely normal; on the face, neck, and hands, in the
adults, however, it was rather redundant and wrinkled, or in folds,
giving these parts in some cases myxedematous-like appearance.
The lips were in many somewhat irregular, exfoliating, cracked, or sore.
The hair ranged in color from that of the unbleached flax fiber
(pale yellowish) through various shades of yellowish and brownish—
always with a slight golden luster—to medium brown. In no in-
stance was there any trace of red in the hair. The eyebrows and
eyelashes as a rule were lighter than the hair, in some cases practically
colorless. The consistency and quality of the hair showed no features
strikingly different from those found in ordinary Indians of the same
tribes.
The eyes were light gray or light blue to moderate gray-blue, with
sclera white—very much like eyes of similar shades in blond white
people. Inno case was the iris colorless, with pink reflection, as in the
albino rabbit. In every instance there was a more or less marked
nystagmus and heliophobia. The vision was not strong, but short-
sightedness was not noticed.
Owing to the blinking eyes and the more or less abnormal skin,
the face was generally somewhat sheepish in expression, reminding
one of the faces of some epileptics. In most of the adults the nose
was thicker than the average, while in the majority of cases the lips
were thickened and, as already mentioned, somewhat irregular in
shape. These conditions are undoubtedly very largely the effects of
irritation by wind and sun. In four cases the teeth were somewhat
crowded or irregularly set. In one of the Zufi men half of the teeth
had been lost. In no case was there found any decided retardation
in dentition or any anomalies of the teeth. The palate was in all
fairly regular.
Measurements of the body showed that neither the children nor
the adults differ much from normal individuals of similar age and full
color. In no instance were there seen signs of scrofula, congenital
syphilis, or rachitis. The pulse, respiration, and temperature in two
of the albinos, who were in perfect health, approached closely the
average of the tribe; in other individuals these tests were interfered
3452—Bull. 340813
194 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
with by various minor disorders. All those, however, who could be
tested for strength by the dynamometer were found to be weaker than
average full-colored individuals of the same age in the same tribe.
Among the Hopi the albinos are known as ko-lo-ko-cha-te (white
people). Neither among the Hopi nor among the Zuni are they ostra-
cized or looked on as inferiors. They marry full-colored individuals
of the other sex, but they themselves are generally ashamed of their
condition. They are not inclined to play or to take part in the life
of the village as others do. In associating with them the writer found
all of them to be sensitive, bashful, and easily irritated or made to
cry. With two exceptions among the men, they appeared from
slightly to moderately submedium in intelligence; the testimony of
teachers and others agreed with this conclusion.
An inquiry into the family history of an Indian is seldom very sat-
isfactory. According to the scanty and perhaps not always reliable
data obtainable, in most instances the albino was the second child
of the mother; in one case he was the third; in one case the eighth
(last). In the nine cases (children) here considered the father, the
mother, and all the other children were of normal color. In one
family the second and sixth children were albinos; in one family the
second and third; and finally one woman had three children, all
albinos. In all these instances the father, mother, and remaining
children, where such existed, were full-colored. The albinos married
to full-colored individuals seldom raise any, and never large, families
of their own. This point seems of importance and needs further
attention. The Indians have no rational idea as to the cause of
albinism, and have not noticed that it runs in certain families.¢
There is among the Hopi considerable intermarriage of distant rel-
atives, but marriage is regulated by the clan system, which prevents
all close interbreeding; on the whole this factor is not greater or even
as great as in some still smaller tribes, for example, the Maricopa,
among whom no albinism has been recorded. There are indications
that the actual, original cause of the condition lies in the nervous
centers, and is of a degenerative nature, being propagated in the tribe
through hereditary influences. No definite clue as to any special
predisposing or exciting cause has been found in connection with the
series here reported. Prolonged lactation of the youngest in common
with a previous child was considered, but this is frequent among all
Indians and takes place with all the children in families where only
single albinos occur. Careful and detailed observations in this line
should be made in future by the resident physicians in particular.
The following are the results of the examinations of Hopi and Zuii ~
albinos 1 in detail; the Hopi subjects are arranged by villages.
a Tti isa “supposed consequence of transgressing some tabus by the pregné ant woman, or of making, in
an erroneous way, certain Os or prayer sticks; but the majority of those questioned had no expla-
nation.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 195
(1) Kivanochwuinima (Pueblo of Mishongnovi): Girl about 10 years of age. Father
and mother normal; only albino in the family; is the third child. Hair straight,
unbleached flax color, with slight golden reflex; eyelashes and eyebrows very pale;
eyes grayish blue, light yellowish about the iris; face pinkish white, exactly as in
many white blonds. Features regular, expression slightly sheepish. Teeth regular,
second dentition fairly advanced; all front teeth and first permanent molars (in all 24
teeth) fully erupted. Hands and feet slightly dusky (sunburn). Height, 131.3 cm.;.
diameter antero-post. maximum of head, 15.8; diameter lateral maximum of head, 14.2;
height of head (biauric. line-bregma), 13.0; -face height to nasion, 9.7; face height tc
crinion, 15.4; diameter bizygom. maximum, 12.7. Occiput slightly flattened. Body
normal. Intelligence slightly below average (teacher’s estimate).
(2) Maina (Mishongnoyi): Girl about 14 or 15 yearsold. Father and mother normal;
the other children normal; is the second child of the family. Hair straight, flax color,
eyelashes and eyebrows lighter. Eyes medium blue. Face pinkish white; hands
and feet show effects of exposure. Teeth normal, 28 of second dentition erupted.
Face normal. Is not very bright in school; intelligence in general slightly below
medium. Height, 151.5cm.; diameter antero-post. maximum of head, 17.6; diameter
lateral maximum of head, 14; height of head (biauric. line-bregma), 12.7; face height
to nasion, 11.2; face height to crinion, 16.4; diameter bizygom. maximum, 13.2.
(3) Komaiaunima (Mishongnovi): Girl between 15 and 16 years of age. Father and
mother normal; only albino in the family; is the second child, both the first and third
normal. Hair straight, medium to light yellowish brown; eyebrows and eyelashes
light flax color. Eyes grayish blue. Color of face and body: exactly as in white
blonds, 1. e., pinkish white. Shows sunburn on exposed part of limbs and on face.
Features normal. Expression not very bright. Intelligence not above the average,
possibly shghtly below. Teeth normal, 28 second teeth fully erupted. Height, 151.5
cm.; diameter antero-post. maximum of head, 17.3; diameter lateral maximum of head,
14.4; height of head (biauric. line-bregma), 13.55; height of face to nasion, 11; height
of face to crinion, 17.9; diameter bizygom. maximum, 13.4.
(4) Naqualashtiva (Mishongnovi): Man about 30. Parents normal. Four children;
is the second. No albino relation. Fairly well nourished. Face slightly dull, net
Indian-like in type. Hair straight, very light brownish; eyebrows and eyelashes
nearly colorless; eyes grayish blue. Nystagmus (lateral). Very slight, if any, com-
pression of the occiput. Lips thick. Upper lip somewhat defective in middle line,
notched—a slight degree of harelip. Intelligence fair. No upper wisdom teeth;
lower incisors irregularly set, crowded. Sexually potent. Genitals slightly sub-
medium in size, normal in shape. Body normal. Had a wife; no conception; did
not livelong together; was jealous. Height, 173 cm.; diameter antero-post. maximum
of head, 18.4; diameter lateral maximum of head, 15.6; height of head (biauric. line-
bregma), 14.35; face height to nasion, 11.8; face height to crinion, 19.4; diameter
bizygom. maximum, 14.1.
(5) Shakwentiva (Mishongnovi): Man about 33 years of age. Parents normal; had
five children; subject is the second. No albino in family or relatives. Hair
straight, light brownish. Eyes more grayish than blue. Body well developed;
medium (for Hopi) height. Face coarse, like that of some epileptics, not Indian-like;
some strabismus, nystagmus (lateral). Somewhat sheepish expression. Intelligence
fair, but certainly not higher. Would not be measured.
(6) Puliasnima (Shupaulovi): Girl about 6 years old. Father and mother normal;
has an older albino sister, a bright child, at Phoenix; family of six, first child normal,
second Kuéasnima, the albino in Phoenix, the third normal, fourth normal, fifth normal,
sixth albino, Puliasnima. Hair is straight, of a very light flax color. Eyebrows and
eyelashés very light (not white). Eyes clear medium blue. Face very pinkish and
blond; hands and feet somewhat darker (sunburned). Features ordinary, not of the
regular Indian type. Lower incisors crowded, otherwise teeth and dentition normal.
Not bright. Height, 108.3 cm; diameter antero-post. maximum of head, 16.6; diam-
196 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
eter lateral maximum of head, 12.8; height of head (biauric. line-bregma), 12; face
height to nasion, 9.3; face height to crinion, 14.9; diameter bizygom. maximum, 11.3.
(7) Sivenka (Shupaulovi): Woman about 28 yearsold. Father and mother normal;
family of five or six children; is the second child; all the other children normal. Hair
flax to light brown in color, straight; eyelashes very light flax color (not white). Eyes
grayish blue. Skin light, pinkish white. Features normal; look ordinary. Not
very bright. Teeth normal; dentition normal (32 second teeth erupted). Hands
and feet quite small, somewhat sunburned. Body (nude) normal, color exactly as
in whites. Rather frail, but not emaciated. Breasts submedium, approach conical
in shape; nipples quite well developed, areola light, but slightly darker than sur-
rounding skin. Genitals, externally, normal, covered with thin, not very long, light
flax-colored hair. Stature, 151.8 cm.; diameter antero-post. maximum of head, 16.0;
diameter lateral maximum of head, 14.2; height of head (biauric. line-bregma), 13.15:
face height to nasion, 11.1; face height to crinion, 16.5; diameter bizygom. maximum,
12.6. Head normal, as in all the albinos, but shows a quite marked cradle-board
occipital flattening. Married three years to a full-colored Hopi; no conception.
(8) Sikiahoinima (Shongopovi): A girl about 7 years old. Parents normal; had
three children; subject is the second. No albino among relatives. Very well nour-
ished; face quite bright, nice; otherwise very similar in every particular to the other
albinos. Hair straight, light brown in color. Eyebrows and eyelashes lighter. Eyes
bluish. Skin as that of a white child. Cries and sobs at slight provocation. Teeth
normal; dentition normal (for that age). Height, 100.7 cm.; diameter antero-post.
maximum of head, 15.7; diameter lateral maximum of head, 13.4; height of head
(biauric. line-bregma), 12.35; face height to nasion, 8.8; face height to crinion, 14.6;
diameter bizygom. maximum, 11.9.
(9) Lominimka (Shongopovi): Woman about 35 years of age. Parents normal; had
two children; subject is the second. No relatives albinos. Fairly well nourished;
features regular, not Hopi-like. Hair straight, of flax color; skin pinkish white. Eyes
bluish. Teeth normal; dentition normal. Intelligence fair. Height, 145.1 cm.;
diameter antero-post. maximum of head, 17.0; diameter lateral maximum of head,
14.6; height of head (biauric. line-bregma), 12.5; face height to nasion, 11.2; face
height to crinion, 18.4; diameter bizygom. maximum, 13.5. Hada male child by a
full-colored Hopi; the child, which was brought to the writer, is full-colored and
looks exactly like other normal Hopi children.
(10) Komaweniouma (Oraibi): Man about 55 or 60 years old. Stooped, but well
developed and healthy. Parents and family normal; mother had four children; he
is supposed to have been the second. Intelligence fair. Nystagmus. Color pink-
ish, as in others. Flax-colored, straight hair. Face, albino type, wrinkled.
(11) Oleson (Zuni, pl. xxvr): Male about 35 years of age. Parents normal.
Isthe seventh of eight children. All the rest of the children and all relatives full-
colored. Skin pinkish white; where exposed it is dusky and furrowed. Hair light
brown. Eyebrows and eyelashes lighter. Eyes gray. Features quite coarse, but
body is well developed. The face shows sunburn, the forehead, protected by the
hair, is white. The skin of the neck is much corrugated. Theskin on the hands lcoks
like that after scalding. Is left-handed. Eyes blink in light (as in all the described
albinos). Some lateral nystagmus. Had been married and had one child by his
wife; the child was full-colored. Height, 162.7 cm.; diameter antero-post. maximum
of head, 17.7; diameter lateral maximum of head, 14.3; height of head (biauric. line-
bregma), 13.75; face height to nasion, 11; face height to crinion, 17.2; diameter
bizygom. maximum, 13.45. Pulse (6.30 p. m.), 48; respiration, 18; temperature,
98.8; present state of health normal. Pressure force, right hand, 37 kilos; left hand,
38; traction force, 19.5 kilos (Mathieu dynamometer).
(12) Cumashki (Zuni, pl. xxvi): Man approximately 45 years old. Parents
full-colored, normal. No albinism in relatives. Is the third child out of six, four
of whom were normal. A boy albino, second child, died. Color of skin closely
similar to that of whites, except on the face, where it is quite rosy. Hair pale yellowish,
PLATE XXVI
BULLETIN 34
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
OLESON
CUMASHKI
ALBINOS
ZUNI
HRDPLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 197
"Wyebrows and eyelashes nearly colorless. Eyes light blue. Is very well nourished and
ir yeneral normally developed. The skin, however, of the face, neck, forearms, and
l.gs has a somewhat myxedematous appearance. Teeth somewhat irregularly set,
much worn, nearly a half lost through caries; impossible to determine whether or not
the dentition was complete. The eyes show lateral continuous nystagmus. The man
is of fair intelligence and good-natured. The lips are slightly thickened and irregu-
larly curved. The subject was never married. Height, 166.8 cm.; diameter antero-
post. maximum of head, 18.8; diameter lateral maximum of head, 15.6; height of head
(biauric. line-bregma), 14.7; face height to nasion, 11.2; face height to crinion, 18.3;
diameter bizygom. maximum, 15. Pulse (3 p. m.), 64; respiration, 16; temperature,
99; present state of health, normal. Pressure force, right hand, 30 kilos; left hand,
same; traction force, 20 kilos (Mathieu dynamometer).
The thickness and quantity of hair in all the albinos is about the
same as in those full-colored.
DISEASES AMONG INDIANS IN VARIOUS Parts OF THE UNITED STATES
The second part of the inquiry into diseases among the Indians
consisted, as before mentioned, in inquiries addressed by the Bureau
of Indian Affairs to the physicians in the Indian Service. These
inquiries were extended to all the reservations and schools in the
United States. The list to be reported on, arranged by the writer,
was in the following form:
Report of Dr. , physician at agency (or school), under date of io
on diseases, etc.
[Abbreviations: C.=children; A.=adults.]
Albinism, com- | "albinism, a Re cure Insanity,? all
plete. partial. | Goiter. Cretinism. eee:
Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. | Male. | Female.| Male. | Female. |. Male. | Female. |
C.|A.| c. | A.) ¢.|A.] C. | AC | CHIE ha Spas ice PAG ees Lae |e: | A.| CG. | A. |
= a | \= = | =< | =
aa | lea (fee 21 | (hee) |
| | | | | |
ee | eta js aes
ond CRC LS pee ealen dL | lah |
Epilepsy, all Idiocy, all | BAS . | Monstrosities, Spinal curva-
forms. grades. | Deafand dumb. | all varieties. tures.
Male. | Female.| Male. |Female. | Male. | Female. | Male. | Female.
| | 7 | | | | | a i ae | a
| | eport individ- | Nature) nature
C.|A.| €.) Ae] C.| A.| ©. | AL] c.fA. foc. | a. DACRE rece ery (in of de
| ieee eel ity, | foxmity.
| | | | | | | | J
Capaiein r= = | a Ee PMCRaE sl 5
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | |
| |
aloes 2 Pui pile ad | | |
_Tubereulosis. Pires 82 Lae _| Latest census
ey | Bones and joints. ‘Glandular: oF unilbe
Male. Be Female. Vee asec Male. | Female.
|i : =f Ree -| Male. Her s|
© || e | a. | ¢ Re ace ee: Sion Se [Reeves
: | - 2 = | : —— w |
| | | | | | | |
|
ies tis Parl eons | apie | | |
a Vitiligo.
b Record each case separately, giving sex, age, and principal symptoms.
198 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Reports were received from 102 localities, and in numerous in-
stances these were accompanied by additional data or by explanatory
notes. The reports are not, however, equally accurate. It was
evident that the physicians endeavored to give as far as possible
correct information, but on many of the larger reservations it is
exceedingly difficult to do so. The physician and those who could
aid him in filling out the blank have usually a good knowledge of
those natives only who live within a moderate distance of the
agency, and the data concerning those in the remote parts of
the reservation can not but be defective. The reports from the
schools and the smaller tribes are more reliable, and so probably are
those on albinism, insanity, and the deaf and dumb, conditions
known widely among every people. On the whole, it will be well
to regard the data here presented as approximate; further, it
should be remembered that, unfortunately, these data pertain to
a population embracing both mixed-bloods and full-bloods, although
the former are not numerous.
The detail reports are given, tabulated alphabetically by the
tribes, in the Appendix; the separate notes from the physicians,
some of them very interesting, are added to this a ree In abstract,
the reported conditions were as follows:
Albinism complete existed in only—
1 Cheyenne (male adult), at the Seger school, Okla., in population of 551.
1 Crow (male adult), at the Crow agency, Mont., in population of 1,826.
10 Hopi (2 male and 2 female children, 3 male and 3 female adults), at the Hopi agency,
Ariz., in population: of 1,878
1 Menominee (male child), at the Green Bay agency, Wis., in population of 1,283.
5 Navaho (1 male child, 2 female children, 1 male and 1 female adult), at the Navaho
agency, N. Mex., part of the tribe, in population of 12,000.¢
1 Papago (female child), at the Phoenix Indian school, Ariz., in population of 725.
1 Laguna Pueblo (male child), at the Laguna agency, N. Mex., in population of 2,102.
4 Zuni (2 male and 2 female adults), at the Zuni agency, N. Mex., in population of
1,521.
In all there were 24 complete albinos (8 male adults and 5 male
children, 6 female adults and 5 female children) living at the end of
1904, and 21 of these were among the Indians of Arizona and New
Mexico.
Partial defects of pigmentation were reported in—
1 Cherokee (male adult), at the Eastern Cherokee school, N. C., ina population of 1,453.
3 Blackfeet or Sioux (2 male and 1 female adults), at the Cheyenne River agency,
S. Dak., in a population of 2,477.
1 Sioux (male adult), at the Fort Peck agency, Mont., in a population of 1,651.
] (tribe ?) (female adult), at the Kiowa agency, Okla., in a population of 3,675.
3 Menominee (all male adults), at the Green Bay agency, Wis., ina population of 1,283.
1 Navaho (male child), at the Navaho agency, N. Mex., ina OS eo of 12,000.
@None reported from other nen of the tribe. There is pene Eaaustute among the Ng Navahes
which mcy possibly account for some of the albinos.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 199
1 Osage @ (male adult), at the Osage agency, Okla., in a population of 1,895.
1 Papago (male adult), at the San Xavier settlement, Ariz., in a population of 514.
1 Piegan (male adult), at the Blackfeet agency, Mont., in a population of 2,059.
1 (tribe ?) (male adult), at the Warm Springs agency, Oreg., in a population of 786.
1 Southern Ute @ (female adult), at the Southern Ute agency, Colo., in a population of
962.
1 Winnebago (male adult), at the Omaha and Winnebago agency, Nebr., in a popula-
tion of 1,085.
In all 16 cases of partial defects of pigmentation, among which were
13 males and 3 females, and 15 adults with but 1 child.? It is plain
that the condition differs essentially from the congenital albinism
proper, which occurs in both sexes in nearly an equal proportion.
It is also much more scattered and corresponds in no way with true
albinism.
Goiter: The instructive reports on this pathological condition are
as follows—
6 Apache (1 male adult, 1 female child, and 4 female adults), at the Fort Apache
(White Mountain) agency, Ariz., out of a population of 2,058, or 2.9 per thousand.
1 Apache (female child), at the Jicarilla agency, southern Colorado, in population of
782, or 1.3 per thousand.
2 Cherokee (male adults), at the Eastern Cherokee school, N. C., in population of
1,453, or 1.4 per thousand.
36 Cheyenne (8 male and 28 female adults), Tongue River agency, Mont., out of popu-
lation of 1,408, or 25.6 per thousand.
1 Cheyenne (female adult), at the Seger school, Okla., in population of 551, or 1.8 per
thousand.
151 Blackfeet or Sioux (24 male and 127 female adults), at the Cheyenne River agency,
S. Dak., in population of 2,477, or 61.4 per thousand.
1 Chippewa (female child), at the Leech Lake agency, Minn., in population of 3,387,
or 0.3 per thousand.
2 Chippewa (female children), at the Mount Pleasant school, Mich., in population of
about 300, or 6.7 per thousand.
1 Coeur d’Aléne (female adult), at the Colville agency, Wash., in population of 577,
or 1.7 per thousand.
12 Crows (1 male child, 5 male and 6 female adults), at the Crow agency, Mont., in
population of 1,826, or 6.6 per thousand.
7 Sioux (2 male and 5 female adults), at the Fort Peck agency, Mont., in population
of 1,651, or 4.2 per thousand.
8 Indians (all female adults), at the Fort Berthold agency, N. Dak., in population of
1,210, or 6.6 per thousand.
3 Indians (all female children), at the Genoa school, Nebr., in population of about
300, or 10 per thousand.
4 Hopi (all female adults), at the Hopi agency, Ariz., in population of 1,878, or 2.1 per
thousand.
4 Oneida (1 male and 3 female children), at the Tomah school, Wis.,in population of
150, or 26.7 per thousand.
4 Oneida (1 male adult, 2 female children, and 1 female adult), at the Oneidaagency,
Wis., in population of 2,055, or 1.9 per thousand.
@No report, but subject known personally to the writer.
bIt is very probable that quite a number of cases belonging to this category were not reported.
Nevertheless the condition is by no means frequent.
200 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
14 Menominee (5 male and 9 female adults), at the Green Bay agency, Wis., in popu-
lation of 1,283, or 10.9 per thousand.
2 Mission Indians (both female adults), at Round Valley, Cal.,in population of 643,
or 3.1 per thousand.
| Navaho (female adult), at the Navaho agency, N. Mex.,in population of 12,000, or
0.08 per thousand.
a]
2 Navaho (female adults), at the Navaho school, Ariz., out of population of 493, or
4.1 per thousand.
1 Osage (female adult), at the Osage agency, Okla., in population of 1,895, or 0.5 per
thousand.
| Pawnee (female adult), at the Pawnee agency, Okla., in population of 606, or 1.6 per
thousand.
3 Piegan (1 male and 2 female adults), at the Blackfeet agency, Mont., in population of
2,059, or 1.5 per thousand.
3 Rio Grande Pueblos (all female adults), at the Santa Fé agency, N. Mex., in popu-
lation of 566, or 5.3 per thousand.
6 Shoshoni or Arapaho (2 male and 4 female adults), at the Shoshoni agency, Wyo.,
in population of 1,659, or 3.6 per thousand.
1 Sioux (female child), at the Chamberlain school, S. Dak., in population of about 70,
or 14.3 per thousand.
2 Sioux (female adults), at the Lower Brulé agency, 8. Dak., in population of 470, or
4.3 per thousand.
8 Sioux (8 male and 5 female adults), at the Pine Ridge agency, S. Dak., in popu-
lation of 6,690, or 1.2 per thousand.
39 Sioux (2 male children, 5 male adults, 3 female children, and 29 female adults), at
the Rosebud agency, S. Dak., in population of 4,977, or 7. per thousand.
2 Sioux (1 male and | female adult), at the Sisseton agency, S. Dak., in population
of 1,874, or 1.1 per thousand.
10 Sioux (4 male and 6 female adults), at the Standing Rock agency, N. Dak., in popu-
lation of 3,514, or 2.8 per thousand.
5 Sioux (1 male Ea 4 female children), at the Yankton agency, S. Dak., in population
of 1,702, or 2.9 per thousand.
3 Sioux (all adult females), at the Crow Creek agency, 8. Dak., in population of 1,025,
or 2.9 per thousand.
28 Ute (11 male and 17 female adults), at the Uinta agency, Utah, in population of 791,
or 35.4 per thousand.
1 Southern Ute (female child), at the Fort Lewis school, Colo., in population of 178,
or 5.6 per thousand.
] Yuma (female adult), at the Fort Yuma reservation, Cal., in population of 650, or 1.5
per thousand.
In the aggregate there were reported 376 cases of goiter, from 36 locali-
ties, “while from 66, or nearly two-thirds of all the localities heard from,
goiter was absent; the proportion of cases to the total Indian popula-
tion was 3 per thousand. Of all the cases 21 per cent were among the
males and 79 per cent among the females, showing that among the
Indians goiter is four times as prevalent among the latter. It is
well known that the female sex also is more lable to this affection
among the whites and other races.’ Seven per cent of the cases were
a Goiter is also quite prevalent among the women at the La Pointe, Wis., Chippewa agency, but
accurate data from that locality are wanting.
bFor a summary of data on goiterin various parts of the world see Hirsch, Handbook of Geographical
and Historical Pathology, London, 1885, 11.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 201
among children and adolescents, showing that in quite a number of
instances the condition starts before the period of growth is completed.
The extent of the disease in different tribes is indicated below. The
detailed data make it plain that goiter does not depend on any con-
dition inherent in the tribes, but is due to purely local agencies, the
nature of which is not yet well known.
Goiter among Indians—pro portion per thousand of population
Per Per
Tribe. | State. thou- Tribe. State. thou-
sand. sand.
Blackfeet and Sioux ... | South Dakota..-.-| 61.4 || Mission Indians. ....-..-. M@ gitornigesces a. 3.1
(ONED)- eet Se epe ee aera | Winns. bieohsedae 35.4 || Apache (White Moun- | Arizona .........- | 29
Omeidaecsasscc sseesa sets Wisconsin. .....-- 26.7 || tain).
(Cheyenne... sen eee Montana = tees: 25.6 | Sioux (branch) .--..-: - South Dakota.... 2.9
Sioux (branch)........- | South Dakota...) 14.3 GO area (eee donee eee ee 2.9
Menominee!) = 22 son. 22a. |) WASCODSIN::) 222 )--7- 10.9 |; GORE ee ese sa He North Dakota. ..- 2.8
Indians (Genoa aclicelia| Nebraska........- LOOM @ElOptereeeeee == mae ee INOVANN ob ocdoes al
Sioux (branch)......... SoutheD akotaeess|) aie Sal |e ONCId Bees see ne -eeao = WiASCOnSINe= sees 1.9
@hippewaiecgsese cc sacs Michigan........- Gi ||pCbeyenne =. sa4-es-e--- Oklahoma........ 1.8
WOW SS. corjieeccse ccs mee MOnpanga =. oe. | 6.6 | Coeur d’Alénes........-. Washington. ...-. ZL
Indians (Fort Berthold | North Dakota....| 6.6 | Pawnee.............-.- Oklahoma. ....... (Peat
agency). WePiegan sae ferns se Montana......... ial
Southern( Ute. --------... Colorado.....-.-- Ae@.|| Newbee opebeecaboseccee California........- (ee leso)
Rio Grande Pueblos....| New Mexico.....- Oxo, s@herokease ss. sece North Carolina...) 1.4
Sioux (branch) .....---. South Dakota..... 4.3 | IAD ACHP a evens ee Southern Colo- ee}
Op Soe Sete cere Montana se seus. 4.2 | rado.
Naval ose ee ae I SHUR oe oe eee | 4.1 || Sioux (branch)......-- South Dakota....| 1.2
Shoshoni and Arapaho..| Wyoming.....-.- | 3.6 | COME eerie Aas Sara eeee Osis se eae at
|
Cretinism, notwithstanding the prevalence of goiter, is a very rare
condition. The reported cases were: ¢
1 Indian (female adult), at the Fort Belknap agency, Mont., in population of 1,234.
1 Navaho (female child), at the Navaho agency, N. Mex., in population of 12,000.
1 Winnebago (male adult), at the Omaha and Winnebago agency, Nebr., in popula-
tion of 1,085. :
In all these localities goiter is very rare. In many tribes in
which goiter is relatively common cretinism is entirely absent.
Insanity: The reports on insane Indians show more or less rare
instances of this condition in all parts of the country. They em-
brace the following: |
1 Apache (male adult), at the San Carlos agency, Ariz., in population of 2,553.
1 Apache (female adult), at the Fort Apache agency, Ariz., in population of 2,058.
1 Apache (male adult), at the Jicarilla agency, Colo., in population of 782.
1 Apache (male adult), at Fort Sill, Okla., in population of 298.
3 Blackfeet or Sioux (1 male young, 1 male and 1 female adult), at the Cheyenne
River agency, S. Dak., in population of 2,477.
1 Indian (male adult), at the Colville agency, Wash., in population of 457.
10 Crows (7 male and 3 female adults) ,at the Crow agency, Mont., in population of 1,826.
2 Iroquois Oneida (female adults), at the Oneida agency, Wis., in population of 2,055.
a\ few cases are said to exist also among the Chippewa in northeastern Wisconsin.
BOs, BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
2 Indians (1 female, young, and | female adult), at the Kiowa agency, Okla., in popu-
lation of 3,679.
1 Nespelim (male adult), at the Colville agency, Wash., in population of 457.
2 Navaho (male adults), at the Navaho agency, N. Mex., in population of 12,000.
2 Osage (1 male and 1 female adult), at the Osage agency, Okla., in population of 1,895.
2 Piegan (male adults), at the Blackfeet agency, Mont., in population of 2,059.
4 Pima and Papago (all male adults), at the Pima agency, Ariz., in population of 6,600.
1 Pueblo (female, young), at the Laguna agency, N. Mex., in population of 2,102.
2 Shoshoni or Bannock (1 male and 1 female adult), at Fort Hall, Idaho, in
population of 1,351.
1 Shawnee (male adult), at the Sauk and Fox agency, Okla., in population of 491.
2 Sioux (male adults), at the Devils Lake agency, N. Dak., in population of 1,013.
1 Sioux (male adult), at the Pine Ridge agency, S. Dak., in population of 6,690.
1 Sioux (female adult), at the Rosebud agency, S. Dak., in population of 4,977.
1 Sioux (male, 21 years old), at the Sisseton agency, S. Dak., in population of 1,874.
2 Sioux (female adults), at the Standing Rock agency, N. Dak., in population of 3,514.
1 Sauk and Fox (male adult), at the Sauk and Fox agency, Okla., in population of
581.
1 Tulalip (male adult), at the Tulalip agency, Wash., in population of 1,451.
1 Ute (male adult), at the Uinta agency, Utah, in population of 791.
1 Indian (male adult), at the Umatilla agency, Oreg., in population of 1,196.
Summary: There were reported in all, 48 cases of insanity of all
forms, from 26 localities; no cases existed in 76 localities. Of the 48
cases, 33 were among males and 15 among females, which is in the
proportion of 220 of the former to 100 of the latter. It is evident
that insanity in the Indians predominates in the male sex, being
more than twice as frequent as in the females. Among the whites, the
female insane exceed the male in the proportion of 104 to 100. Of
the 33 males, but one, and of the 15 females, only two, were young, all
the rest, 94 per cent, being adults.¢ There is but one tribe in which
the proportion of insane is large, namely, the Crows, where there is
one insane to every 183 individuals of the population. The total
Indian population reported upon amounting in round numbers to
125,000, the proportion of insane is 1 to 2,730 of population, or 0.38
per 1,000, against 1 to 552, or 1.81 per 1,000, among the whites.”
Epilepsy, all forms included, is somewhat more common among the
Indians than insanity. The following cases were reported:
1 Apache (male adult), at the San Carlos agency, Ariz., in a population of 2,523.
1 Apache (female adult), at the Fort Apache agency, Ariz., in a population of 2,058.
1 Apache (male), at the Mescalero agency, N. Mex., in a population of 460.
1 Arapaho (male adult), at the Cantonment, Okla., in a population of 237.
2 Cherokee (1 male and | female adult), at the Eastern Cherokee school, N. C., ina
population of 1,453.
3 Cheyenne (all female children), at the Cantonment, Okla., in a population of 528.
1 Cheyenne (male child), at the Seger school, Okla., in a population of 551.
3 Blackfeet or Sioux (1 male and 2 female adults), at the Cheyenne River agency,
S. Dak., in a population of 2,477.
2 Chippewa (1 male and 1 female adult), at the Leech Lake agency, Minn., in a popu-
lation of 3,387.
aThe 21-year-old Sioux are more properly counted with the adults than with the young.
b See the Report on the Insane, etc., Eleventh Census, 1890, 7, Washington, 1895.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 203
2 Chippewa (1 male adult and 1 female child), at Mount Pleasant, Mich., in a popu-
lation of 300.
2 Indians (1 male child and 1 female adult), at the Colville agency, Wash., in a popu-
lation of 708.
1 Crow (male adult), at the Crow agency, Mont., in a population of 1,826.
2 Sioux (female children), at the Fort Peck agency, Mont., ina population of 1,651.
1 Indian (female adult), at the Fort Belknap agency, Mont., ina population of 1,234.
2 Indians (1 male child and 1 male adult), at the Fort Berthold agency, N. Dak., in
a population of 1,210. ;
5 Indians (2 male children, 2 male adults, and 1 female adult), at the Flathead agency,
Mont., in a population of 1,835.
1 Indian (male child), at the Genoa school, Nebr., in a population of 310.
2 Hopi (1 male and 1 female child), at the Hopi agency, Ariz., ina population of 1,878.
1 Hupa (male child), at the Hupa Valley agency, Cal., in a population of 414.
1 Kickapoo (male child), at the Potawatomi agency, Kans., in a population of 199.
1 Indian (female child), at the Klamath agency, Oreg., in a population of 1,164.
10 Menominee (3 male children, | male adult, 3 female children, and 3 female adults),
at the Green Bay agency, Wis., in a population of 1,283.
1 Mission Indian (male child), at the Round Valley agency, Cal., in a population of 643.
1 Mohave (female child), at the Fort Mohave agency, Ariz., in a population of 892.
1 Omaha (male adult), at the Omaha agency, Nebr., in a population of 1,287.
1 Oto (male child), at the Oto agency, Okla., ina population of 364.
2 Osage (2 female adults), at the Osage agency, Okla., in a population of 1,895.
1 Paiute (female adult), at the Nevada agency, Nev., in a population of 494.
7 Piegan (1 male child, 3 male adults, 2 female children, and 1 female adult), at the
Blackfeet agency, Mont., in a population of 2,059.
1 Pima (female child), at the Pima agency, Ariz., in a population of 6,600.
1 Quileute (male child), at the Neah Bay agency, Wash., in a population of 730.
2 Shoshoni (male children), at the Lemhi agency, Idaho, in a population of 470.
3 Shoshoni or Arapaho (1 male child and 2 male adults), at the Shoshoni agency,
Wyo., in a population of 1,659.
3 Shoshoni or Bannock (1 female child and 2 female adults), at the Fort Hall agency,
Idaho, in a population of 1,351.
1 Sioux (female child), at the Chamberlain school, 8S. Dak., in a population of 153.
1 Sioux (female adult), at the Devils Lake agency, N. Dak., in a population of 1,013.
4 Sioux (1 male child, 2 male adults, and 1 female adult), at the Lower Brulé agency,
S. Dak., in a population of 470.
/17 Sioux, Oglala (6 male children, 1 male adult, 8 female children, and 2 female
adults), at the Pine Ridge agency, 8. Dak., in a population of 6,690.
23 Sioux, mixed (4 male adults, 7 male children, 7 female children, and 5 female
adults), at the Rosebud agency, S. Dak., in a population of 4,977.
4 Sioux (1 male child, 1 male adult, 1 female child, and 1 female adult), at the Sisseton
agency, S. Dak., in a population of 1,874.
4 Sioux (male adults), at the Standing Rock agency, N. Dak., in.a population of 3,514.
6 Sioux, Yankton (2 male and 4 female adults), at the Yankton agency, S. Dak.,
in a population of 1,702.
5 Sioux, Lower Yankton (4 male children and 1 female child), at the Crow Creek
agency, S. Dak., in a population of 1,025.
2 Ute (male adults), at the Uinta agency, Utah, in a population of 790.
3 Walapai (1 male child, 1 female child, and 1 female adult), at the Truxton Canyon
agency, Ariz., in a population of 514.
2 Indians (1 female child and 1 female adult), at the Warm Spring agency, Oreg., in a
population of 786.
4 Winnebago (1 male child, 1 male adult, 1 female child, and 1 female adult), at the
Omaha and Winnebago agency, Nebr., in population of 1,085.
204 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
In all, 146 cases, very probably all of grand mal in various degrees,
in 47 localities. No cases were reported from 55, or a little more than
half of the schools and reservations. The proportion of epileptics to
the total Indian population would be 1.17 per thousand, which is
quite near the mean proportion among whites. In central and
southern Kurope, according to Hirsch’s summary,“ an approximate
estimate would put the average frequency of the disease at about 1 or
1.5 per 1,000 inhabitants. In France it ranges in the various depart-
ments from 0.5 to 3.4, and among Italian conscripts from 1.3 to 5.1
per thousand. The tribes most afflicted with the disease are:
Epileptics Epileptics
per 1,000. per 1,000.
owermbrulé Sioux son ssee eee 870" |<¥ an ktoniSlouxac2 2 See ee ee 3.5
Menomumeerise 5-de acts ene eee at Zev Rte gam Mh t9 U2 3 Ais eee eae 3.4
IWiallaipanie tha aes tee ie Pelee wae d.8 | Flathead Agency Indians..........- 257
Cheyenne (Cantonment).........-.-- Der tale eben ariS1@ UKs ones eS 2.5
ower ManiktonsSlouxeass22 sess ee 49> |" Shoshoni and Bannock: 25. sae" De,
Sioux (Rosebud agency)...........-- A='62,/NSISSCLOD SIOUKS: oA2 5. 35a ee Dail
Winn elbalggins: Ac. cate Sos tee era ey,
It is noticeable that half of the tribes where epilepsy is prevalent.
are branches of the Sioux and that 10 of the 13 tribes live in cold
regions.
Among the 146 epileptics 76 were males and 70 females; that is,
nearly equal proportions of the two sexes. As to age, 35 of the males
were adults and 41 adolescents and children,while among the females
32 were adults and 38 young. It is evident that the disease develops
in most cases during the period of growth.
Idiocy, all grades of feeble-mindedness included, is, it appears,
widely distributed. The reported cases were as follows:
5 Apache (1 male child, 2 male adults, and 2 female children), at the Fort Apache
agency, Ariz., in a population of 2,058.
3 Apache (all male children), at the Mescalero agency, N. Mex., ina population of 460.
1 Apache (male child), at the Jicarilla agency, N. Mex., in a population of 780.
2 Apache or Kiowa (1 male adult and 1 female child), at Fort Sill, Okla., in a popula-
tion of 298.
3 Arapaho (2 female children and 1 female adult), at Cantonment, Okla., in a popula-
tion of 237.
1 Cheyenne (male adult), at Cantonment, Okla., in a population of 52§
1 Cheyenne (male child), at the Seger School, Okla., in a population of 551.
1 Indian (female child), at the Cheyenne and Arapaho agency, Okla., in a population
of 1,297.
4 Indians (1 male and 3 female adults), at the Cheyenne River agency, 8. Dak., ina
population of 2,477.
1 Coeur d’Aléne (male adult), at the Colville agency, Wash., in a population of 577.
3 Crows (2 male children and 1 female child), at the Crow agency, Mont., in a popula-
tion of 1,826.
2 Indians (1 male and 1 female adult), at the Fort Peck agency, Mont., ina population
of 1,651.
a Handbook of Geographical and Historical Pathology, 537, III.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 205
1 Indian (male child), at the Fort Belknap agency, Mont., in a population of 1,234. »
2 Indians (1 male adult and 1 female child), at the Flathead agency, Mont., in a popu-
lation of 1,835.
1 Indian (male child), at the Grande Ronde school, Oreg., in a population of 352.
8 Hopi (3 male children, 1 male adult, 3 female children, and 1 female adult), at the
Hopi agency, N. Mex., in a population of 1,878. ;
2 Iroquois, Oneida (male adults), at the Oneida agency, Wis., in a population of 2,055.
11 Menominee (3 male children, 4 male adults, 3 female children, and 1 female adult),
at the Green Bay agency, Wis., in a population of 1,283.
2 Navaho (male children), at the Navaho agency, N. Mex., ina population of 12,000.
1 Omaha (male adult), at the Omaha agency, Nebr., in a population of 1,287.
1 Osage (male adult), at the Osage agency, Okla., in a population of 1,895.
2 Paiute (1 male child and | female adult), at the Carson school, Nev., in a population
of 494.
3 Piegan (1 male child, 1 male adult, and 1 female child), at the Blackfeet agency,
Mont., in a population of 2,059.
4 Pima or Papago (1 male child, 1 male adult, 1 female child, and 1 female adult), at
the Pimaagency, Ariz., in a population of 6,600.
1 Potawatomi (male child), at the Sauk and Fox agency, Okla., in a population of 609.
1 Pueblo (male child), at the Santa Fé school, N. Mex., in a population of 225.
1 Pueblo (male adult), at the Santa Fé agency, N. Mex., in a population of 566.
4 Pueblos (1 male child, 1 female child, and 2 female adults), at the Santa Fé school,
N. Mex., in a population of 924.
1 Quileute (male adult), at the Neah Bay agency, Wash., in a population of 730.
1 Shoshoni or Arapaho (male adult), at the Shoshoni agency, Wyo., in a population
of 1,659.
* 1 Shoshoni (male child), at the Western Shoshoni agency, Ney., in a population of 509.
~ 1 Sioux (male child), in the Lower Brulé agency, S. Dak., in a population of 470.
25 Sioux, Oglala (11 male children, 2 male adults, 11 female children, and 1 female
adult), at the Pine Ridge agency, S. Dak., in a population of 6,690.
11 Sioux (5 male children, 3 male adults, and 3 female children), at the Rosebud
agency, S. Dak., in a population of 4,977.
2 Sioux (1 male and 1 female child), at Sisseton agency, S. Dak., in a population of 1,874.
1 Sioux (male adult), at the Standing Rock agency, N. Dak., in a population of 3,514.
2 Sioux, Yankton (female children), at the Yankton agency, S. Dak., in a population
of 1,602.
9 Ute (4 male children, 3 male adults, 1 female child, and 1 female adult), at the Uinta
agency, Utah, in a population of 791.
1 Walapai (male child), at the Truxton Canyon agency, Ariz., in a population of 514.
5 Indians (2 male children, 1 male adult, and 2 female children), at the Warm Springs
agency, Oreg., in a population of 786.
2 Yuma (1 male child and | male adult), at the Fort Yuma school, Cal., in a popula-
tion of 650. :
Greatest proportion of idiocy
Per 1,000. Per 1,000.
Arapaho. (Oklahoma). ...:-....-2-.- 12ShebPueblosn(Samtarv WG) uss 3 2 eS 22 4.3
LOS EEL IC a (2) ae ee 1.4 | Sioux (Pine sRidge)-2-2 2-25. Boul
Menominee (Wisconsin) ..........- 8.6 | Chippewa (Wisconsin)......-......- 7)
mpache (Meéscalero)). 2... .5...--2,- 6.5 | Apache (Fort Apache)............- 2.4
Warm Springs agency (Oregon) .... 6.4 | Sioux (Rosebud).............----- 202
Renter vases fc cil Sete 2 REF st! 3 4.3
The tables show, besides other facts, that there is some, but not a
general, agreement between the proportion of idiocy and other neuro-
pathic conditions in various tribes,
206 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
The total number of cases of idiocy of all grades reported is 134,
which amounts to 1.07 per 1,000 population. Among the whites in
the United States the proportion was, in 1890 (Eleventh Census), 1.55
per 1,000 population.
Of the 134 cases, 84, or more than three-fifths, were males; 50, or less
than two-fifths, sama, giving the proportion of 168 to 100. Among
the whites squnnaneied by the Eleventh Census the proportion of
male to female idiots was 118 to 100. Sixty per cent (51 individuals)
_ of the male and 74 per cent (37 individuals) of the female idiots were
children and adolescents. Many of the cases of idiocy under con-
sideration are in all probability due to diseases and neglect in early
childhood.
The deaf and dumb among the Indians are rather numerous. The
reported cases were as follows:
1 Apache (male adult), at the Fort Apache agency, Ariz., in a population of 2,058.
1 Apache (male child), at the Jicarilla agency, N. Mex., in a population of 782.
1 Apache or Kiowa (male adult), at Fort Sill, Okla., in a popula.ion of 298.
4 Cheyenne (1 male child, 1 male adult, 1 female child, and 1 female adult), at Canton-
ment, Okla., in a population of 528.
1 Cheyenne (male child), at the Seger school, Okla., in a population of 551.
1 Indian (male adult), at the Cheyenne and Arapaho agency, Okla., in a population
Oe 2977
2 Indians (male adults), at the Cheyenne River agency, 8. Dak., in a population of 1,477
1 Chippewa (female adult), at the Leech Lake agency, Minn., in a population of 3,387.
4 Cour d’ Alénes (2 male and 2 female adults), at the Colville agency, Wash., in a popu-
lation of 577.
5 Crows (2 male children, 2 male adults, and 1 female a at the Crow agency, Mont.,
in a population of 1,826
2 Indians (1 male and | female adult), at the Fort Peck agency, Mont., in a population
of 1,651.
2 Indians (1 female child and 1 female adult), at the Fort Belknap agency, Mont., in
a population of 1,234.
6 Indians (5 male adults and 1 female child), at the Flathead agency, Mont., ina popu-
lation of 1,835.
1 Indian (male child), at the Fort Shaw Industrial School, Mont., in a population of
315.
1 Hopi (female child), at the Hopi agency, N. Mex., ina population of 1,878.
_1 Iroquois, Oneida (male child), at the Oneida agency, in a population of 2,055.
1 Indian (male child), at the Kiowa agency, Okla., ina population of 3,675.
1 Kiowa (female child), at the Rainy Mountain school, Okla., in a population of 102.
2 Menominee (1 male and | female adult), at the Green Bay agency, Wis., in a popula-
tion of 1,283.
1 Mission Indian (male child), at Round Valley, Cal., ina population of 643.
2 Navaho (1 male and 1 female adult), at the Navaho agency, N. Mex., in a population
of 12,000.
1 Nez Percé (female child), from Idaho, in a population of 1,578.
3 Omaha (1 male child, 1 male adult, and 1 female adult), at the Omaha agency, Nebr.,
in a population of 1,287.
2 Oto (1 male child and 1 female adult), at the Oto agency, Okla., in :, population of
364.
1 Osage (male), at the Osage agency, Okla., ina population of 1,895,
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS -°- 207
3 Piegan (2 male adults and 1 female child), at the Blackfeet agency, Mont., in a popw
lation of 2,059.
1 Pueblo (male child), at the Santa Fé agency, N. Mex., ina population of 566.
2 Shoshoni or Arapaho (1 male child and 1 male adult), at the Shoshoni agency,
Wyo., ina population of 1,659.
1 Sioux (male child), at the Devils Lake agency, N. Dak., ina population of 1,013.
1 Sioux (female child), at the Lower Brulé agency, 8. Dak., in a population of 570.
25 Sioux, Oglala (15 male children, 4 male adults, 5 female children, and 1 female
adult), at the Pine Ridge agency, 8S. Dak., in a population of 6,690.
13 Sioux, mixed (3 male children, 5 male adults, 4 female children, and 1 female
adult), at the Rosebud agency, 8S. Dak., ina population of 4,977.
7 Sioux (1 male child, 2 male adults, 2 female children, and 2 female adults), at the
Standing Rock agency, N. Dak., ina population of 3,514.
4 Sioux, Yankton (1 male adult, 2 female children, and 1 female adult), at the Yankton
agency, 8. Dak., ina population of 1,702.
3 Sioux, Lower Yankton (1 male child and 2 male adults), at the Crow Creek agency,
8. Dak., ina population of 1,025.
2 Ute (1 male and | female child), at the Uinta agency, Utah, in a population of 791.
1 Ute (male child), at the Southern Ute agency, Colo., ina population of 403.
1 Indian (male adult), at the Umatilla agency, Oreg., in a population of 1,196.
1 Walapai (female adult), at the Truxton Canyon agency, Ariz., ina population of 514.
The above reports embrace 113 cases in 39 localities; in 63, or three-
fifths, of the schools and reservations deaf and dumb were not found.
The proportion of deaf and dumb per thousand population is 0.87 in
the Indians, against 0.68 in the United States whites.* The excess in
the Indians is very probably chargeable to neglect and improper treat-
ment of diseases of the organs of hearing, and not to a greater propor-
tion of deaf and dumb born. The influence of climate and heredity is
suggested by the facts that nearly all the tribes in which the condition
predominates live in cold regions, and that the majority of these
belong to one people—the Sioux.
Deaf and dumb per 1,000. Deaf and dumb per 1,000.
Cheyenne (Oklahoma)............-- 7.6 | Sioux (Rosebud agency)............ 2.6
CosumdvAlénes =: =. es uss tis cz we GzOuMoloux (Mamktom). ss. ces seciaes eens Zao
pounce (Omlalayet at ela oats 2 Scie Satie MO MaAn Ae eee owen ocala Sen eis er Se a ae)
Flathead Agency Indians (Montana). 3.2 | Sioux (Standing Rock, N. Dak.)..... 1.9
Sioux (Lower Yankton)............. Za PEN CU AM sete ce Aomtawa ave pie oc ose aes ti 1.5
rows: (Montana)ei2-2 20 cect. Bol
Among the total 113 cases 74, or 65.5 per cent, were males, and 39,
or 34.5 per cent, were females, which gives the proportion of 190 to 100.
Among the whites, according to the data of the Eleventh Census, the
proportion of male to female deaf and dumb was only as 116 to 100.
The cause of this marked discrepancy between the two races \s not
apparent.
As to age, among the males 38, or a little more than half, among the
females 10, or one-fourth, were adults, the remainder being adoles-
cents and children.
2 Report on the-Insane, Eleventh Census, 1890, Washington, 1895.
208 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Spinal curvatures: Under this heading are included curvatures of
every variety without distinction as to the cause. It is safe to say
that a large majority of the cases are due to tuberculous disease, and
some are ce result of injury. The following cases of spinal curvatine
were reported:
1 Apache (male), at the Rice station, Ariz., in a population of 210.
1 Cheyenne (female), at the Seger school, Okla., in a population of 551.
1 Indian (female), at the Cheyenne and Arapaho agency, Okla., in a population of 1,297.
2 Cour d’ Alénes (female), at the Colville agency, Wash., in a population of 577.
1 Indian (female), at the Colville agency, Wash., in a population of 708.
7 Crows (5 males and 2 females), at the Crow agency, Mont., in a population of 1,826.
3 Indians (2 males and | female), at the Fort Peck agency, Mont., in a population of
1,659.
1 Indian (male), at the Fort Belknap agency, Mont., in a population of 1,234.
1 Indian (male), at the Genoa school, Nebr., in a population of 310.
1 Indian (male), at the Hayward training school, Wash., in a population of
5 Hopi (3 males and 2 females), at the Hopi agency, N. Mex., in a population of 1,878.
2 Iroquois, Oneida (1 male and | female), at the Oneida agency, Wis., in a population
of 2,055.
1 Indian (female), at the Kiowa agency, Okla., in a population of 3,675.
3 Menominee (all males), at the Green Bay agency, Wis., in a population of 1,283.
10 Nez Percés (4 males and 6 females), from Idaho, in a population of 1,578.
1 Paiute (male), at the Carson school, Ney., in &@ population of 494.
1 Piegan (female), at the Blackfeet agency, Mont., in a population of 2,059.
3 Pima (1 male and 2 females), at the Pima agency, Ariz., in a population of 6,600.
1 Pueblo (male), at the Laguna agency, N. Mex., in a population of 2,102.
1 Pueblo or Navaho (male), at the San Juan agency, N. Mex., ina ee of 7,000.
2 Pueblos, mixed (1 male and 1 female), at the Santa Fé school, N. Mex., in a popula-
tion of 924.
1 Shoshoni (female), at the Lemhi agency, Idaho, in a population of 470.
2 Shoshoni or Arapaho (1 male and 1 female), at the Shoshoni agency, Wyo., ina
population of 1,659.
1 Shoshoni (male), at the Western Shoshone agency, Nev., in a population of 509.
3 Sioux’(all males), at the Chamberlain school, 8. Dak., in a population of 153.
| Sioux (female), at the Indian school, Pierre, 8. Dak., in a population of 150.
5 Sioux (2 males and 3 females), at the Lower Brulé agency, 8. Dak., ina population o1
470.
14 Sioux, Oglala (4 males and 10 females), at the Pine Ridge agency, S. Dak., in a popu-
lation of 6,690.
3 Sioux, mixed (2 males and 1 female), at the Rosebud agency, 8S. Dak., ina population
of 4,977.
2 Sioux (males), at the Yankton agency, S. Dak., in a population of 1,702.
3 Sioux (all females), at the Crow Creek agency, 8. Dak., in a population of 1,025.
2 Indians (1 male and | female), at the Umatilla agency, Oreg., ina population of 1,196.
2 Walapai (1 male and 1 female), at the Truxton Canyon agency, Ariz., in a population
of 614.
7 Indians (4 males and 3 females), at the Warm Springs agency, Oreg., in a population
of 786.
1 Zuni (female), at the Zufli agency, N. Mex., in a population of 1,521.
The total number of cases amounts to 96, from 35 localities. No
cases of spinal curvature were reported from 66, or very nearly two-
thirds of the schools and agencies. The number of Indian population
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 209
to which the 101 reports apply being in round numbers 113,000, the
proportion of the individuals with spinal curvatures per 1,000 popu-
lation is 0.85.* There were found no suitable data on the whites that
could be utilized for comparison, but there is no doubt that the pro-
portion of cases of deformities of this nature in the Caucasian race is
larger.
As to the nature of the curvatures, kyphosis seems to be the most
frequent, then comes scoliosis, and then lordosis.
As to the sex, 48, or exactly the half of the 96 cases, were males and
48 females.
The tribes in which the deformities were most frequent were as
follows:
Spinal curvatures
Per 1,000. | Per 1,000.
Sioux (Chamberlain).-......--..-- 19.6 | Sioux (Crow Creek agency)--..-.--- 2.9
Sioux (Lower Brulé)..............-- NONGH EQ pit aer yt ete ret ee eee 2.7
Warm Springs Agency Indians, Ore- Menominee? a) ao ee Se 2.3
EDT ad = Gece ts mite ene Rees aay ea Segre oloun (Oplala)asa cen sae. fae opal
ING ZBIRCLECS Ss: freee. ate eee 6.3 | Fort Peck agency, Mont:.......-.. 1.8
(CHRON Gs aes Ses cee 3.8
If the data on tuberculosis be referred to, it will be seen that there
is much correspondence between the prevalence of that condition and
the frequency of spinal curvatures, pomting to the tubercular origin
of the latter. The simple character of all of the curvatures whose
nature was specified (see detail table in Appendix), speaks also more
for tuberculous than for rachitic origin of deformities of this kind.
Tuberculosis.—Separate reports were called for on pulmonary
tuberculosis, on that of bones and joints, and on the glandular form,
or scrofula. It is with these diseases that, physicians reporting
encountered most difficulty, owing to the size and scattered popula-
tion of some of the reservations, and to uncertainty regarding cases in
the early stage. On this account a number of answers given were
merely estimates, which did not accord with the mortality among
the same people, and had to be excluded. Even the remaining data,
moreover, should be taken as less accurate than those on other
morbid conditions. The following columns give the various agencies
and schools arranged according to the prevalence of pulmonary
tuberculosis. It is noticeable that among the localities with the
highest proportion of the disease are several schools; this is due to
some extent to the small population of these places, in which every
case means a considerable proportion of the whole, but also to other
reasons.
a Two reports, one on the La Pointe Agency Chippewa and the other from the Navaho agency, both
referring to a larger number of cases, had to be excluded pending further inquiry.
3452—Bull. 34—08——14
210 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Frequency of tuberculosis
| Tuberculosis
| (per 1,000).
Designation. Agency or school. | Pu. Bones ee
| mo- | and Giang
| nary. | joints %
Paiute So feo aee eee Hortrbidwell:schools Calen---sa-= eee 68.9 17.2 103.4
(O}=1 1212 ese aS Serta OsagevAgency;schoolt Okla n: -se ene ee ere G8 2i| soseeee 30.3
RUIP Os eae atistsat eee seal Se | Hupa Valley agency, Cal: ..-...-.2-2.-:..-.--. 60.4 24.2 193.2
Menomineceiss--ses-e2-s5- ee | (Green Bayvagency, WiS2.22 See2- cme eee ieee 58.4 1.6 | 32.7
Indians tenes ce eee | Grand Junction school, Colo..........-...-.--- 47.1 | 9.4 84.9
Quingielt AS Saseseeee ee bose Puyallup racency,cWiasheeeee ses ee eee SOS Zales oa 14.5
Cheyentie: 2 Aiea 8 | Seger school; Okla. 2. 4 = ka ee 34,5.|| $25-45)"e asad
Sioux (O ola alee ee ee | Pine Ridgeagency. Ss Dakss ener sses ees se oe 30.8 | 6.8 | Died
Chippewaie+25-o- aseeseee- cae Mount Pleasant school, Mich.-...-.-...-- eee SSO i odeecsee ate)
Silo eae Ue eet sora +. 2 .|auower Bruoleszencys oD akeee. 4 esha oe eee 29:8] 4.2 42.5
Sioux (mixed) see nee eee Rosebud agency, Ss Dakee.- 22s. 5. sees ese D9N7 |e re 26.1
MIOCENE Ree ee aster eee Colorado River-egency, Ariz ..........-.-2.+-.- 29:5 | been o- 11.8
Sioux (Lower Yankton)..... Crow. Creek aeency= SD ake ae 2e sae aaa ee 26.3 | 9 34.1
Witesk. ses SE SAS o can Wintayagency, Witahe.o5- eee -ee sees eeeee ---| 20.3 | 6.3 37.9
Imdlanses-- fone eee egse cs Rorwheckagency Montess =e ses- ee eeeeneeeeee 24.2 | 4.2 15.7
OtOee sees ace rere oe ee Otovagency, Okla 32 ae fee wrere ne eee. PANELS a eee ee 2.8
Sioux@Yankton) 22222522222. Yanktoniaeency, ps a kee eee reese 21.7 2. 5.8
@heyennes- 2-3) nee see Cantonment. Olas er. sree een ee ee ae 1839) Sw5i4oy fe Osa
Os, ar2 Hees ES ets) eae Tongue River agency, Mont......./...---.-..-- 17 O08 ete cece eee
Pate rs s22Se thee oes sei Nevadaarency, Nevenean cesses sere esas cease 16.3 | 3.2 8.1
Apaches s22 sit peace see Mescalero agency, N. Mex....-.-2-...-.--2---+: 15.2 | 4.3 | 8.7
Iroquois (Oneida) ..........- MomahySchoolswiSh.«-4s20 shoe. See eee ae 13 onl eee | 80.0
Crows 05-62 inate soe secon Crow agency, Months 2.055245 sass eee 13.1 | 5 | 18.6
Potawatomi -cet 22-2 asa" Sauk and Fox agency, Okla. -..-. soe eee hese 1S S10 See ee
FIOpIS So sient eos aaa ee \eblopivapency, IN& Mex. cea letter eee eer 12.7| 13.8 | 9.1
InGaAs 23 952 Sect es Se cece | Shawnee agency, Olkl9,.< L2)24 a4-Geeseeeen eee 125632 eee | aes. aera
Witet Sein sew ele ener) ForwLewis school, Colo..............-..------- 112)|), 5:6) eee
Wrala pals 4-2 20) ons ease Truxon Canyon agency; -AviZ sce o a eee 9.7 | 5.8 31.1
Sauksand Moxes2 sp 2-222" = Sauk and Poxagency; Okiawate es epee es aes SUG.) eee eens
INTO MNO cba to Ses see eee ese Cantonment, Old a2 eae ape ee ee eee 8.4| 16.9 29.5
Pawnee rc as-is sae soe Pawnee/agency,.Okla: jija-.-< sees eeeeenen | 8.2 | 1.6 14.8
Slot ree ate ee Ss Abe | Devils uake agency, NeDak.. tes eeees ees 7.9 | 19) sn woe
Shoshoni@== sees seers ecre WestermiShoshoni, Neviss--. sees eee eee 7.8 | 9.8 17.6
ING ans ose eee ee ae Wimatillajagency, Oregess a = ss --eeeeee eee Teon J] 37.6
Shoshoni and Bannock...... Rorteklall id ah Omer ae sess ee eee ee | 7.4 | 31, 8.1
Chippewaese see ee eerne eae MViermilion Wake school Wises. sees see=se= | (CY bates, 6.2
Quileute 25 sees a ee | Neah Bayraigency, Waste ese nee sees ere 6.9 | see ese 1.3
SlOuUsey cena. ae ee ee re Imdianischool Pierre; Si Dak oe season Guzen 166.7
12a th: bos eae eee SS ER Se dee Pimaragency; AviZ.3- eee eee eee eae eee 6.5 | 1.1 12.7
Mission Indians... -.--. pe tet Round Valley. Caltese 2 eee eee Sule altees 6.2 3.1 4.6
TndidmSes Senet. 88 sae eie Grande monde school, Oxregeecn--.-een ee ae | Oy fal Besse - 8.5
\iiahnbars) ofeyexo\e ene ape el Te Tee Omaha and Winnebago agency, Nebr--.....--..- | 5.5 1.8 5.5
KickapoO.: =... 25. as.teceo=s Potawatomi and Nemaha agency, Kans....... 5.0 | 5.0 | 10.1
Miridiamsre: 2 sot \FL 551 wee Flathead agency, Mont...) --2 420-062. -2- ee 49) a7 4.9
Picgameren ser Stict. 5:62 eee Blackieetiagency, Mont see ssse 2 seeee eee eee | 4.8 | 2.9 8.3
Sloumsseese ceo. ee eee Standing Rock agency, N. Dak.....-.-.-------| 4.5 | 2.0 | 22.7
Shoshonis.22..--.-..-- Aree Lemhilapency, Idahos... +-.-seeeees---2 eee | 4.3 ya ot
In diamist Seana tase cance acc ColvillelagencyaiWiashea= == see eee eee | 4.2 | 5.9 32.5
PUebloskeeeeceseee erick czas Sante Fé school, N. Mex......- ao aA mere Ok | 4:0 '\|ctacees|neceeee
Imdigns ss eee eer eee oe Cheyenne and Arapaho agency, Okla. .......-- | 3.9 | 2.3 12.3
Coeur d’Alénes.........---..| Colville ageney Wash... 20) os scoe | go5 |e evel | ages
APAChe F. 2.<:0). This, he
said, was a very valuable stone, a little of which rubbed off and
administered to a patient would cure almost any disease. The stone
was originally much larger, he said, but had already served many
sick people, and in this way had become reduced to its present size.
The edges of the stone (the specimen is now in the American Museum
of Natural History) show, in fact, numerous marks due to rubbing,
but as to the great virtues of the stone the shrewd old medicine-man
must have known, for he gladly sold it for half a dollar.
Only a few of the vegetal remedies used in the tribe were obtained
by the writer.
E-na i-zé (‘white man’s medicine’: Chrysothamnus greene)
erows to about 1 foot in height. It is found in many parts of Arizona.
Some of the Navaho use it in measles and chicken pox. They
break up the tops of the plant and put them into lukewarm water;
after steeping the mixture somewhat the whole body of the patient
is rubbed with the liquor, afterward being well covered. The erup-
tion is said to darken rapidly and to dry up, the patient promptly
recovering. The writer’s informant, a Navaho, cured thus a year
ago his own wife and two children.
Ti-khos i-zé (Ephedra viridis) is used by the Navaho as a remedy
for cough. They drink a decoction made from the tops. The
Apache, who use the same medicine for the same purpose, call the
plant tha-ha-ne-tsa-i.
Soreness about the point of attachment of the umbilical cord
may be healed by the use of two roots; one of these is known as
i-2é hl-kav and the other as i-zé ha-dje-ny.
A very elaborate medicine outfit of a Navaho shaman is in the
Field Museum of Natural History. According to a check-list kindly
furnished to the writer by Dr. Geo. A. Dorsey, the articles contained
in this outfit are as follows: 4
4 painted buckskin masks. 1 stick 5 inches long, wrapped with
1 bunch of large eagle feathers. woolen yarn.
12 plume sticks. 4 miniature bows.
3 bundles of mixed feathers. 2 horn cups
16 bundles of turkey feathers. 1 flaked quartzite implement.
2 fine old bull-roarers. | 1 clam shell.
2 rawhide rattles. _ | 2 chipped fiint implements.
1 gourd rattle. | 2 chipped jasper implements.
1 rawhide rattle, similar in form to that of | 2 flat horn-tipped implements.
the Hopi Snake and Antelope priests. | 1 bundle of fire sticks.
1 bone whistle. 1 necklace of hawk talons.
1 stick 7 inches long, wrapped with buck- | 1 square piece of buckskin.
skin. | 1 goatskin bag.
a This medicine-man’s outfit, collected by A. Montzheimer among the Navaho in New Mexico, was a
gift of Mr. E. E. Ayer to the Field Museum of Natural History.
240 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
2 badger’s feet. | 2 quartz pebbles.
1 small modern Hopi feed bowl. _ 1 fossil oyster.
1 lot of dried juniper berries. | 2 wristlets of eagle and hawk talons.
1 lot of dried and chopped up internal | 56 small buckskin bags, containing red,
organs, unidentified. | blue, and black mineral paints; white
1 lot of friable sandstone. and yellow earth; roots and_ herbs;
2 lots of bone. along with numerous vegetal pow-
1 large blue-glass marble. ders, unidentified; pieces of abalone
8 lots of herbs and seeds. shell; 1 piece of quartz; 1 quartz crys-
1 lot of indigo. tal; 1 lot of carbonated copper; 1 piece
1 lot of vegetal mold. of specular hematite; a glass pendant
1 stemless clay pipe. from a lamp; gnarled vegetal stems;
8 buckskin bags, containing paints, 1 notched stick; and a pair of wide cop-
earths, etc. per tweezers.
10 small lots of Indian corn. 1 buckskin bag, resembling the Apache
1 cone of stalagmite. “split” bags.
According to many indications the Navaho practise but little sur-
gery. The resident traders report that Navaho medicine-men occa-
sionally cut into the skin of a sick person and suck the wound;
but this is done to make the patient believe that his disease, or its
evil principle, is really being extracted. According to information
obtained at Chaco, cases have been known where abscesses were cut
open by medicine-men and the pus was sucked out.
The Hopi use numerous herbs and other objects as remedies, but
most of these seem to be employed fetishistically or from some
fancied resemblance to the disease or the diseased organ.” Thus the
yayauimkia squirts ashes or soot, products of fire, on inflamed skin;
he also cauterizes with a piece of live coal. Clematis and Cowania,
because of their hair-like fibers, are used for restoration of the hair
(Hough); a decoction of the many-spined thistle is given in dry
pharyngitis, in which the patient feels as if he had a thistle in the
throat; a twist of a piece of wood in the hands of the medicine-man
cures “twists” of the body (convulsions); the skin of a weasel,
which glides readily through a small hole, and a conch shell, whose
inhabitant comes out easily, kept in the room of a womai' to be con-
fined, are charms for easy labor. Some of the teas seem to be used
with more reason, but in view of the motives underlying the em-
ployment of other “remedies,” it is difficult not to feel suspicious
even here.
At some of their ceremonies the Hopi drink or rub themselves with
mixtures which are supposed to be ‘‘good medicine,” preventive of all
illness; this through their magical power. The washing by the
women of their limbs with urine belongs very probably to the same
category.
After the Snake dance the participants, who have that day abstained
from food, drink “‘for purification”? a decoction made of a number
a See J. W. Fewkes’s A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist, 1X, no. 1, Jan., 1896,
15-21, and W. Hough, Environmental Interrelations in Arizona, ibid., XI, no. 5, May, 1898, 133-155.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 241
of herbs, which soon acts as an emetic. The vomiting is supposed
to clean the body spiritually as well as physically.¢
At times the headmen make a special ceremony, the purpose of
which is a wholesale prevention or cure of diseases.
The splinters from trees struck by lightning have, among the Hopi,
a reputation for great efficacy in the treatment of fractures; they are
not used as splints but as fetishes.
A peculiar method of treatment, which Doctor Fewkes saw, was a
tight bandaging of a sore limb with a rope. At times, it is said,
even the body may be thus wound about. The reason or object of
this treatment was not learned. (Compare notes on the Mescaleros,
in this chapter.)
Two antidotes for snake bite were heard of among the tribe: A
secret decoction of a number of herbs, which is drunk,’ and the appli-
cation to the wound of the ventral surface of the disemboweled snake.
The Zuni also have numerous herbs and roots which they use as
remedies. Many of these were collected, and will eventually be
described, by Mrs. Stevenson.
All persons among the Zuni recovering from critical illnesses are
said to be adopted into the medicine order. Those who have been
struck by lightning and have survived are believed to have special
powers for setting fractures.
There are practised in the tribe rubbing and also wound healing °¢
and tooth pulling. Fractures are treated with splints. Pifion gum
is much in favor in treatment of wounds, being applied to the sur-
face or put within.
Among the Papago the treatment is the same as among other
tribes, mostly by incantations, partly by herbs. Open wounds are
always treated with powders, gum, or decoctions, which chiefly in-
duce suppuration,- and healing by granulation. In fracture there
may be applied to the injured limb some supposedly healing sub-
stances, but it is also tightly bound up in sticks corresponding to the
splints used by the civilized practitioner. Cauterization is used in
the tribe in acute or localized pains. A bit of cotton or a little cot-
tony parasitic ball from the Lycium andersoni is burned on the skin
over the sore spot.”
In acute indigestion the Papago boil for a little while some of the
red earth taken from beneath the fire; after being strained a little
a See descriptions of the ceremony by Stephen, Fewkes, and Hough.
b See also Report on Indians, Eleventh Census, 1890, 198, Washington, 1894.
c Interesting cases of this have been described by F. H. Cushing in A Case of Primitive Surgery, Sci-
ence, June 25, 1897, and by Mrs. M.C. Stevenson, Twenty-third Annual Report of the Bureau of American
Ethnology. Other treatment is also described by Mrs. Stevenson.
. /“TIn acute local pain they [the Papago] sometimes put a piece of cotton on the flesh and burn it there,
repeating the process on a new spot at a little distance.”’ C. W. Wood, special agent, in Report on
Yndians, Eleventh Census, 1890, 146, Washington, 1894.
3452—Bull. 34—08——16
9492 _ BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
salt is added, and the mixture is then given to the patient to drink.
He has to take this remedy three times, always at mealtime, and
he gets nothing or at most very little to eat.
In chronic indigestion the white inner bark of the mesquite is
secured, pounded as fine as possible and boiled, salt being added to
the decoction; the sick person takes a dose of it early every morning,
before breakfast. It tastes bitter and salty.
A little Papago child was met who had on each temple what
resembled a plaster. It was explained that this was put on as*a
remedy for headache. It is made from ordinary flour alone, and is
supposed to ‘‘stop the air from going in through the temples.”’
The greasewood (sho-sho-go-i: Covillea tridentata) is used as a
remedy for contusions. The women boil the leaves, add consider-
able salt, and wash the contused part with the decoction while still hot.
Powdered root of the sé-wi-dje (canaigre: Rumex hymenosepalus)
is put on sores, especially on sore lips. The juice of the mesquite
tree is a remedy for sore eyes. The Papago boil this juice and put
some of it at ordinary temperature into the eye. They also use this
for soreness of the eyelids.
In earache the San Xavier people boil a hen’s egg quite hard; a
small hole is made at one end and covered with a rag, and the egg is
then applied to the sore ear.
The cricket, dried and ground up, is taken internally as a remedy
for dysuria; it is also given for the same complaint to horses.
The Papago, like the Cora in Tepic, employ the flesh of the rattle-
snake in consumption. They kill a rattlesnake, dry the flesh, and
use it as powder, a small quantity of which is put into the patient’s
food while it is cooking and without his knowledge. They believe
it sometimes cures the sickness.
The peyote is eaten in small quantities by the Papago, but its use
is probably not entirely medicinal. The root of the wd-wish is used
in colds. They break it up, boil it, and drink some of the decoction
hot. It makes them sweat. After drinking the tea they cover up
and remain indoors. Medicine among the Yumas, California Medical Journal, San Francisco, 1898, xvi, 135-140.
250 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 34
wounds, fractures, etc. The peyote was well known to the Opata, as
well as to the Yaqui. Treatment by incantation and sucking was
also practised.
Old Opata women cure with such herbs as the peppermint, rosa de
castilla, etc. Camomile, red lead, and metallic mercury are pro-
cured from the dealers and used quite indiscriminately. Doctor
Alderman knew of a child who was given a decoction of a mixture of
native herbs, which resulted in death a few minutes later. Some of
the old women’s mixtures are said to contain twenty or more ingre-
dients, as barks, thorns, roots, leaves, flowers, seeds, nuts, grass, and
domestic supalies as anes rice, anh sugar, tea, pepper, and egg-
shells. These are sometimes boiled in water, milk, wine, or vinegar.
Such concoctions are given even to babies.
For snake bites the people employ a lactescent cathartic plant
called golondrina. Scalds and burns are sometimes treated by the
application of dog excrement.
In flooding, the Opata women set fire to mescal wine, into which,
when warm, is dipped a piece of muslin; this is aun duice as far
as possible into the vagina. This treatment is sometimes, though not
generally, effectual.
Among the Tarahumare the ancient methods and means of curing
are as yet fully preserved.¢ The curing of diseases and injuries is
carried on by native medicine-men, who, at the same time, represent
intermediaries between the people and deities. The treatment is
partly medicinal and partly suggestive and metaphysical. There are
limited attempts at surgery. Medicinal plants are known generally
and are often employed without consulting a medicine-man. Certain
roots are used for disorders of the stomach. For malaria the Tarahu-
mare employ tascate sabino; for dolores costales (‘‘pains in the chest’),
palo mulato, or kopalkin; for syphilis, chuhkaka or chukuchic, both
externally and internally; and for many diseases the peyote. They
have no very reliable remedy for stopping the flow of blood. In frac-
tures they use peyote; they also cut off the heads of a number of small
lizards (gartichas) and, after opening their bodies, bind as many as
possible over the fractured part. The larger open wounds also are
treated with peyote. In this manner, the writer was told, the Tara-
humare cured a serious arrow wound in one of the medicine-men. In
syphilis they use a small animal known, after the Mexicans, as escula-
pion, and the tarantula, cooking one or both of these and smearing
the patient’s body with the decoction. Ina case of orchitis attended
by much swelling the medicine-man applied chewed peyote, and a
speedy cure resulted after one application. In some diseases the odor
of the tascate sabino 1 is wafted t to the pocue
a See also Hartman, The Indians of New Mexico, “Congres International des Amine Stockholm,
1897; and C. Lumholtz, Unknown Mexico, New York, 1902.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 251
In snake bites the wound may be sucked, but the principal remedy
is the peyote. Sometimes a piece of hot coal or burning wood is applied
to the wound and the patient is given to drink an infusion of charia
or fresno (ash).
The Tarahumare to-day seem to know nothing about trephining,
an operation which was performed among them in the past to a limited
extent.“ The only actual operation learned of was castration. In at
least one case within recent years this was inflicted as a punishment
upon the lover of a married woman.
The materia medica of the Tepecano consists of many herbs, and,
when these fail, are employed prayer, songs, and ceremonies. The
herbs most commonly used are palo amargo (native cinchona), herba
de San Antonio, and oak leaves, for calentura; palo mulato, mainly for
pains; hiculi (peyote, obtained from the Huichol), vervena, rosa de
castilla, the root of ko-ho-te, and the seed of ci-ci-va.
The practice of surgery is not developed to an extent beyond that
already indicated, but broken bones are given proper care.
In difficult labor the patient is given to drink a decoction of herba
buena or rosa de castilla.
The Huichol?® use but a few remedies except the all-important
peyote or hiculi. There is no isolation of patients. The sick rely on
the hiculi and the medicine-man, who treats by prayer, incantation,
and passes over the aching part with saliva. When the patient does
not improve, he lies in the sun, in the hope that it will help him.
When a person dies of any disease, everything in the hut is washed,
and the body of the dead is washed with pochote water, in imitation
of the holy water of the Catholics.
The spring water of certain caves, particularly of the sacred cave
near Santa Catharina, is believed to have curative power. The
Huichol wash themselves with the water, which contains sulphureted
hydrogen, and drink of it with a jicara (small bowl made from a
gourd), which is always to be found at the little pool. ¢
The writer was told by the Huichol that they practise but little
surgery. They treat wounds with applications of water and with the
hiculi, and stop the flow of blood with lime juice and water; they
also apply to open wounds plasters of fat. The people offer in
a See Lumholtz and Hrdlitka, American Anthropologist, x, 1897, 389 et seq. The anatomical and
anthropometric description is by the writer.
b See also C. Lumholtz, Unknown Mexico, New York, 1902.
cA young Huichol, who came to this cave for cure, was seen by the writer to divest himself of every-
thing except his breechcloth, approach the little pool, and offer aloud along prayer, after which he drank a
small bowlful of the water, with his hands applying more of the water to his body. It was a very im-
pressive performance. The cave is situated in a most rugged canyon and is difficult of access. At the
main entrance are shrines containing many sacred arrows and other offerings. Inside are numerous
decorated prayer sticks, shields, and other symbolic objects deposited by the patients. The cave is
nearly dark, but dry pine splints are always ready near the entrance for use as torches by the visiting
sick or convalescents. A Huichol family in gala dress was seen to visit the cave to offer thanks for some
benefit received. The secret of the location of the cave is jealously guarded, and the only way the writer
could induce a Huichol to guide him to it was to pose himself as a patient.
952 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
sacred places, in specially constructed little houses or shrines, but
also in caves and on high rocks, many interestingly decorated prayer
sticks, asking the deities for cures.¢
The Cora, like the Huichol, are extensively treated by their medi-
cine-men with prayers and incantations, sucking of the affected
parts, and pretended neutralization of the bad blood of the disease
by means of fumes of a cigarette blown on the sore parts or saliva
smeared thereon during incantations.
Rhi-ik is a talega, or pouch, made from the cuirass of the armadillo.
Such a pouch is not only used as a receptacle for a few special articles,
but is supposed to have medicinal powers of its own. Small pieces
cooked in water are a remedy for pains in the stomach.
In consumption, which, though rare, occurs in the tribe, the patient
endeavors to find a rattlesnake and to cut off his head and tail before
the reptile is angered. The body of the snake is then washed,
toasted, and dried and a piece of it is taken with each meal.
A bed is made of the leaves of the mos-to-chi, an aromatic tree
smelling somewhat like mint, for patients with frios (malaria).
Sweating is employed in rheumatism.
A decoction of gartichas (small lizards) is used for pains in the
shoulders and body.
Snake bites are cured by the Cora in the following manner: As
soon as possible after a bite is inflicted a pig is caught and, its snout
having been cut off, the raw surface is applied to the wound; some
of the animal’s blood diluted with warm water is drunk.
A gunshot wound is treated with slaked lime. When fractures
occur, reduction and healing are aided by the use of splints and
bandages. No surgery is employed.
The Otomi of Hidalgo continue to use many native remedies.
Some of these have been adopted by the neighboring Mexicans.
For rabies the Otomi (and now also the Mexicans) around Atengo
use an infusion of a plant known by them as deshanov.? One leaf of
this plant is given to the bitten person in an infusion. Usually the
leaf is thoroughly crushed and mixed with a cup of hot water. If
any symptoms of rabies have already appeared, the patient is
given two leaves or even three leaves at once, but more would be
regarded as dangerous to life. Among plants more frequently
used is aconite, the leaves of which are pasted on the sore spot in
facial neuralgia or on the temple in headache. Muikle is a green
herb, often specially cultivated, whose leaves when cooked turn the
water red. A decoction of it is used for disorders of the stomach.
Panathi (“hot fire’’) is a caustic plant which grows to 2 feet in height
a See collections in the American Museum of Natural Iistory.
b An educated Mexican of the district to whom this remedy is known. and who himself has admin-
istered it, told the writer the plant is the Fullidora capolinata. The native name translated means
“kills mice”’ (“ mata ratons’’).
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 253
at the base of cactiand bushes or trees. Its leaves applied to the skin
act like cantharides. Twmba-vaquero, a plant known bythe Otomi as
well as by the Mexicans, is used also for rabies. According to the
writer’s informants the bulbous root of this plant isextremely sudorific.
A quantity of the root that can be piled on a piece of money the size
of our 25-cent piece has been known to produce sweating lasting three
days. Trompetia blanca is a plant held in great repute among the
Otomi and some of their white neighbors as a cure for poisonous bites,
including those of snakes. About an ounce of the leaves of this
plant is crushed on a metate and administered, mixed in a glass of
pulque. One dose is said to be sufficient as a rule to prevent
death. Portions of this plant which the writer brought were sent
for identification to Mr. C. F. Millspaugh, of the Field Museum of
Natural History, who pronounced it without doubt “a Rubiad in the
Cinchona bailiwick, and known botanically as Manettia reclinata L.”’
So much for Indian medicine. All that has been said in this chap-
ter, however—and the same statement is applicable to other por-
tions of this paper—affords merely a glance at the multiple concep-
tions and practices of the Indians. A thorough investigation of
Indian notions concerning the various bodily ailments and the means
employed for curing them, with the reasoning that leads to the
selection and mode of use of such means, an investigation carried to
the minutest details would undoubtedly reveal a wealth of additional
data, invaluable to the study of folklore and of primitive men-
tality. There is much here that remains to be brought to light.
And, notwithstanding the ever-increasing encroachments of the
white man’s influence, such investigation is still feasible with most of
the tribes mentioned.
Pee 25 tS issih eases seers
Se een ee Lo eat
; “TE TG TEENS Lo ba ei eer eee eee ea ie pee a
> re TRL ANS? RIGGM Fy a), oe ate Ee ere es a =e te thie Signae
Pe ; ECUMOE trl ath 5, Se ah i ce orn gol nae TOOLS GT:
=a wh pate an eee IAW ls 0) WEG pit bir cae Ng aha Cates Aer ee ae. oe: oe A ted zy 3
a; ts me BePe PSE Bi Cade tna eel adapts = hee if Nias nchaaes ore na ae
Oe
id sifD eee, I we a
Taae sea por 4) :%s, 5 een Sauasek val eer ake Ve amas ESS alee: 2, 8
r J ng ; F i Fy 4 pw: 7 “y, raenae id * i
a i Ae nd
i 7 a>
Mg i oe
\ is
e - “ "i ‘ . 7
a oe k : Agi { . . 4 / Ss ey
Wee tare! Ceo Petits ebac
a ;
ce =i eh epasyl re)
a 3/ GF ¢ “ = }
5 :
. rs i. v
- \
at Lo i 5 re
3 Wet rey Fa
' G 4 F a Bad e we .. trish z AS
: Pal os : a TPE Pi 2 Nags
‘ My Le : we om i i. oo 5: Pa Py: ‘onal 5
Ss 4 “e
™ —ively
By aa a Yet De ey
pete y dee Aas) |X.
A. NATIVE FOODS
B. TABLES OF DETAIL MEASUREMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS
C. BIBLIOGRAPHY
255
A. NATIVE FOODS
Among the San Carlos Apache, Walapai, Pima, and Maricopa, this
subject received particular attention, opportunities for similar investi-
gation in other tribes being less favorable.
In the course of his investigations respecting the principal native
foods of the San Carlos Apache, the writer learned of the following:
Xos-ka-tl (‘spine sewing:” Echinocereus wislizeni) is a large cac-
tus, known more commonly as biznaga. The plant has yellow fruit,
full of small black seeds which are eaten by the Apache after being
parched, ground, and boiled into mush. In extreme thirst the Indians
occasionally have recourse to this plant for the somewhat. insipid
juice it contains. All the Indians in the Southwest are acquainted
with this use of the biznaga.
The seeds of the chos-tha-stha-ne, a high, branching Opuntia, are
used in the same manner as those of biznaga; or the flour made from
the seeds is eaten, followed by drafts of water to aid in the process.
The red doughnut-like fruit of the i-zé bi-né (Cereus greggii), and
even the flowers of the plant, are eaten, and the same is true of the
fruit of the xos-cho-le or xos-de-chu-le (‘round or short thorn:”
Mamillaria grahami), a small cactus provided with fish-like spines,
growing on the high mesas north of Talklai, and of the ‘‘tufas”’ of
several varieties of the flat-leaved chus (‘‘thorn’’) cactuses.
The most valuable of all the cactus fruits, however, is the nol-bia-ga,
borne by the giant cactus (saguaro, a variety of Cereus giganteus).
Every year, even up to the present time, when the fruit of this cactus
begins to ripen many of the Indians move to the locality where the
plant is found, remaining there for two or three months until the last
of the fruit has matured and been gathered. This is a period of
prosperity, and the Indians return home fat. Large quantities of the
luscious fruit are eaten raw on the spot, and what can not be con-
sumed there is dried in the sun, made into large cakes, and carried
home, where it lasts at times for many months.¢
The numerous small black seeds of the nol-bia-ga are also used
alone, being roasted, ground, mixed with water, and eaten as mush.
Another valuable article of food of these Apache is the mescal
(Agave, sp.?). First, the leaves of the plant are cut off, leaving a
a Unfortunately, after six or seven months what is left of these cakes usually has become infested
with worms. Desiring to buy some of this product, the writer was brought, in February, 1905, a large
piece in this condition. The native women and children ate from this piece, however, which preserved
its good color and smell, without any repugnance whatever to the worms,
3462—Bull. 34—08——17 207
258 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
central body, or core, the size of a large cabbage. This is placed in
a hole in the ground which has been thoroughly heated, where it
remains two or three days covered with leafy branches or with grass
and earth. When it is thought to be properly cooked the mescal is
tested through a small hole. If ready to be eaten it is brown in color,
of soft consistency, pleasant smell, and sweet taste, not unlike that
of weak molasses. The juicy, fat leaf bases are then peeled off and
eaten by all. The mescal plant is easily digestible and, as it contains
a large quantity of sugar, must be nutritious. On occasions of great
scarcity of other food mescal alone has been known to sustain the
Apache as well as other tribes, for weeks and months at a time.
The banana-like sweetish fruit of one of the ‘‘soap-weeds,” or
yuecas (probably Yucca schottii), is cooked, the skin peeled off, and
the pulp eaten. If abundant, some of the fruit is dried and preserved
for future use.
Of foods other than the cactuses one of the most° important is
mesquite beans. These are gathered in as large quantities as possible
and preserved. In time they become partially spoiled owing to the
presence of worms, but this does not prevent them being used. In
preparing them for food they are pounded into a pulp, for this process
a cavity being made in any convenient rock; the pulp is then soaked
in cold water, the mass being squeezed out by the hands or through
a basket; the remnants are thrown away, and the sweet liquid is
drunk. Another way of preparing mescal is to let the whole beans
dry, pick out and discard the seeds, pound the pods thoroughly, and
mix with cold or warm water; the dish is eaten as mush, without
boiling.
Regarding roots and bulbs the San Carlos people know but little.
They eat, however, raw or cooked, the small onion-like or radish-like
bulb of the chil-chi(Dichelostemma, var. Brodiaca, capitata pauciflora),
which is very common on the gravelly bluffs and plains of the San
Carlos reservation. These are eaten in the spring, by persons of all
ages. Having collected a supply of these bulbs, the writer, with
Captain Kelley, the agent of the reservation, cooked them with
salt and butter, finding them somewhat glutinous, but agreeable to the
taste and also, apparently, quite nutritious and without unpleasant
after effects. The plant has a blue flower which is also eaten raw.
The leaves of a small plant known as 7-tdn are used as greens.
They are eaten raw, or are chopped up, mixed with a little fat and
salt, and boiled.
Of berries, the San Carlos Apache eat those of the sas’-chil (“soft
wood:” Canotia holocantha), and alsosometimes the small black ber-
ries that grow on a bush in the valleys known as chi-ln-tlézh; those of
a bush known as chin-ko-ja, growing in the mountains; and finally,
though now but rarely, the juniper berries. ‘The red berries of the
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 259
chin-ko-ja are washed and then crushed and dried. For use as
food, they are ground, stirred with water, and drunk, or eaten as
thin mush. The mixture is said to look much like broken-up canned
tomatoes, but tastes much better. It is reputed to be a good food
for sick persons. The juniper berries are boiled and eaten without
seasoning.
Acorns are used as food but little; those from the scrub oak are pre-
ferred to others. They are ground, mixed with chopped-up boiled
meat and soup, and thus eaten. The mixture is said to be ‘‘very
good.” Pifon nuts, when ripe, are gathered in quantities and eaten
raw or roasted; black walnuts, which are somewhat smaller than
those of the eastern United States, are eaten raw.
Of seeds the San Carlos people sometimes use the kloh-tzo and the
nap-tzi, samples of which were not obtainable. The /loh-tzo is said
to look much like rye, but is smaller; the grass from which it is
obtained grows in the mountains where pines are found. The seeds
after being ground are boiled for a short time, and the mixture is
then eaten with a little salt, like mush. The nap-tzi is also the seed
of a grass that grows in the mountains. The seeds are roasted and
well ground; hot water is then added and the mixture is eaten as
mush.
The native foods ofthe Walapai are many. The writer collected a
number of samples (now in the American Museum of Natural His-
tory), but these do not include all that are used, for, at the time of
his visit, no specimens of a few varieties could be found. Specimens
of the following or data concerning them were found:
Ke-th-pi-la, a grass appearing early in summer in the mountains.
The seeds are called iat. The women gather these seeds and save
them in bags for future use. To make them ready for use the seeds
are parched, and ground on the metate; they are then eaten, after
being stirred in cold water into a mush; or more water is added and
the mixture after being well stirred is drunk.
M’-nat is a species of yucca, the same whose brownish root is used
in basketry. The plant has a greenish fruit, from which the Walapai
prepare a kind of dried molasses. The women roast the fruit to a
certain extent on coals, then break it open, pick out and throw away
the seeds, pound the pulp on stones, and spread it on grass in the
sun. After the mass has lain in the sun for a day or two it forms
large cakes, as much as a yard in diameter; these are folded and pre-
served as they are, or are roasted more and then stored away. The
cake is called m’-na-ta-la-va. The Walapai eat this as it is or cooked
more; at times they drink an infusion of it. The taste of the half-
dried m’na-ta-la-va is quite pleasant and preferable to that of the
a Some of the plants here mentioned it was not possible to obtain at the season when the writer vis-
ited the reservation, while others were obtained, but, being without foliage and flowers, could not be
identified.
260 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
somewhat similarly prepared cactus cakes farther south; in whatever
form it is consumed it has no ill effects.
Mesquite beans, or tzi-mu-kwi-la, are used extensively as food.
The pods are crushed on the metate, mixed with water and a little
salt, and the whole is drunk or eaten. The beans also are occasionally
used, being crushed and eaten as mush. No bread is made from
either pods or beans.
The tuna, or prickly pear, the fruit of the ordinary broad-and-flat-
leaved cactuses, is collected, peeled, split, freed as much as possible
from the seeds, and spread upon the grass for drying, like peaches.
When well dried it is usually pounded and broken into smaller pieces,
and thus preserved. In this form the fruit is called h-te’, or he-te’.
Before being eaten it is soaked in water, the mixture afterwards being
stirred. Occasionally the he-te’ is eaten as it 1s; it is never cooked.
A-a, or a-ag, is the fruit of the gigantic cactus, a variety closely
related to the more southern pitahaya. Most of this fruit is consumed
fresh, but some is peeled, then crushed and allowed to dry. It is
eaten fresh or dried and generally without further preparation. Occa-
sionally the dry fruit is soaked in water to make a pleasant-tasting
drink.
E-m-tak is the seed of a certain grass which grows in the mountains.
The seed is gathered during the summer. The women roast it in
baskets by mixing it with hot charcoal; they then crush it on the
metate. After adding water the mixture is eaten in the form of mush
or whey.
E-at, or i-iat, is a berry, the fruit of a low bush that grows in the
valleys. It is gathered in summer. The women spread it on a clean
exposed place, and leave it for a week or ten days in the sun to dry.
In this form it is tied up in muslin and kept. Before being eaten the
dried berries are moistened, crushed, and mixed with cold water.
Sometimes, however, they are eaten dry.
Me-chir-k, or me-chir-ke, is the seed of a bunch grass, which grows to
about 24 feet in height, in the mountains. The seed is roasted with
charcoal, crushed on the metate, boiled, and eaten with the addition
of a little salt, as mush.
Ke-the-e’ is a red berry which grows on a bush whose stems are used
in basketry. The berries are first dried in the sun on the ground. For
use as food, they are crushed, mixed with water, sweetened with mescal
or sugar, and eaten in a more or less liquid state.
S-le is the seed of a grass growing in the valleys in bunches to about
1 foot in height. The seed is gathered in summer. It may be eaten
either raw or roasted. After being crushed on the metate it is boiled,
and eaten as mush; or it is roasted, crushed, and eaten mixed with
water.
Wi-yal, or mescal; similar to plant known under the name else-
where, though the species is undetermined. The Walapai dig large
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 961
holes in the ground in which they make fires of wood. While this
is burning stones are thrown in; these are allowed to remain after*the
fire burns out. After being cleaned, the mescal is placed in the holes
and covered with grass and earth; here it is left usually two days and
nights.
E-kho is the piion nut. These nuts are eaten either raw or roasted,
like peanuts.
The Pima plant pop corn, having learned to do so, they say, long
ago from the Mexican Indians. They roast the pop corn in a pot and
add salt.
Pinole is prepared in a simple manner by roasting and grinding.
Nothing is mixed with it until the pinole is to be eaten, when some
add salt and others sugar.
The mesquite beans are still one of the most favored of the Pima
native foods. They are dried in quantities and preserved in the store-
houses. In preparing them for use as food they are crushed in a
mortar and passed through a sieve; then the women line baskets
with clean cloths on which are placed successive layers of the pow-
dered beans, each layer being sprinkled with water. When the bais-
kets are filled a piece of cloth is tied over the top of each which is
then set out over night. The mass cakes together, and can be kept
for an indefinite time without becoming spoiled or wormy. It is
eaten without further preparation, and ismuch liked. The Pima also
make a sort of dough out of the fresh pounded mesquite beans, which
is cooked in the form of round cakes.
Another very popular food is prepared by roasting and grinding
ordinary corn and mixing the meal with the juice obtained by putting
crushed mesquite beans into cold water which is then brought to the
steeping point. The Pima also drink the mesquite bean juice; ‘‘it
makes them well.”
The screw-bean, ku-u-dje (Prosopis odorata, Prosopis pubescens),
which grows in profusion along the Gila, is also utilized.. The beans
are gathered and dried in the sun. For food they are pounded up
ina mortar and the meal mixed with cold water is left to stand for
five or ten minutes; the liquid is then squeezed into another vessel
and used as a drink.
Mesceal, which is not found in the immediate neighborhood, is used
but seldom; it is baked in the usual manner.
As to cactus fruits, that of the saguaro is eaten in smaller quantities
than among other tribes, the plant being less common. The sirup of
the fruit is much liked.
The fruit of a Cylindriopuntia, growing on the flats near Sacaton,
is used as food to a limited extent, and the same is true of that of
the a-a-dji-naf (‘slender cactus:”’ Opuntia leptocaulis). These small
fruits are eaten raw, the seeds being thrown out.
262 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BuLr.. 34
The biznaga cactus, known by the Pima as tsa-ult, also serves occa-
sionally as food. The top is removed and the inside pulp is sliced
and cooked, usually together with the pods of the mesquite beans;
the combination is said to be very agreeable to the taste.
Still another variety of cactus fruit used is that of the hd-na-mi,
one of the largest of the Opuntias. The rather small, yellowish,
somewhat acid fruit is collected by the Pima as well as by the Papago,
dried and stored for future use. In gathering it women employ two
pieces of saguaro ribs tied together like thongs; they clean off a suit-
able space on the ground where, with the aid of branches from nearby
bushes, the fruit is rolled about the sand until all the spines are
removed.
a The Indians of North-Western Mexico, in Congrés International des Américanistes, Stockholm,
1894, 128. See also C. Lumholtz, Unknown Mexico, New York, 1902.
j 4
CD ee
reaper awe!
PEE ESEE
a > |
-epeee
—£ ol. he
ae ese le A
re we Pras re i aap”.
ey
Boy acheter cope Pan Oe “aie eee ie Aes, 108
ie Faraye weaq | Bs beet H Rit ’ a 4
f j
Nn ous pa i i tn f ag, ‘ Br ite sah
Ate ‘ ’
VW (3 toM
a) H t % a haces
Md ! F : We Ke » Tt et 1) Pee
v ne bi Atrevenl
“ . ro ui , barra
vw
ee
om Ay eB
ene SMT) ) F
| MO Wie Tare lelern | / | .
i ~ AE = ot ri Wh A
Hs. fatwa Fide FS ho i ad bay
y et ea A }
arenes sais anesthe 1a dame
re
Aeli
ee Migat 7
acypent | |
py ei HSU ial j q 4 .. vlan”
% (h) HOLE |t.. fens, | a f ‘ - we
ag o ott aie AF a \ tye ~ ade
he mate
5 Ot... Jdgtat
rma 1)
i" TY, fia} :
i ‘ = , Os Ge! vo ' he? 4 [ of
i & ..idgig? | i i :
; Vtoeiind |] . ;
rag |. . ial} ep :
PA Be: . .tehyloi - : 7
femaed tT) 4
1 Rees omnes t | |
5 te (ie § A ut ¥ oltre. 1)
4% |< ia Oe oe gin) } }
1 vi | | ;
{5 é Yall = ;
. I ..d ORY rt ; ~*~ )
i + 7 ma ii F
; ht ge PT S\ BAe . nore) | 4 é elk
:
f
.
an
O ). teiabst) | *,
prwint
i 2... tind} um) \
TO | ifal st) j :
4 beta} ‘
vn a ao Mat}
i Ae bald't | @ 2) }Of {LL lem..
He ) is... ate:
|. tal)
‘ i atalit Arie ‘ ;
7 Tag Hy) :
! jint} / bs oe | eres
sa ot | Ch ah kind? 8 j ry ., 00.
bad priest r|! f
} im} | j
pes I j i}
bh ba] | { |
i vie, ic o" O.0el fh. it ji | ee A. Ob.
i rgb oy ' } :
{ hal
cy a fit 4... heronerl, |. o
, ww - — , -
ra Ly es yatta A o
SOK (080 Ageg soat oT) =80—P Ih -—taek
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
Il. InpraAn CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES
TABLE 2. Detail measurements: height, weight, head
(a) APACHE BOYS
267
| Record no.
457. .
458 . .
470...
472...
473. .
475. .
480. .
(a) Height.
FN
oo
a
=
c=)
~~
=
a
~
~
aq
on
—
o
a3)
=~
Ro)
7
Height sub ischia
(a-b).
Re wom om e
Ore Ww
>_>
SI. 00
Praranarananraanaana an
Sad come ete oa os OO Cao re OORT alia sae an con
NOPRPWHOHEONONANIOIIDND &
‘3 Head
B gule [Bs
BS : Beals. |32
ae| Deformation | ¢, |= |53 3
: + | (occipitalcom-| %° | oa | 3a
& |a7| pression). | 68 | oH |et 5
0 oO seid moe
So | BOM OS alae ce
== aAXtlA im
kg. |grm cm,
TPRb6 To 152) None ie secle ease
Se eee GoOpesesessjossece
Cot8 aioe ci Seca al| Bee GORE een SS S320
De eumtamn Sac cel ces Glo aseeeead scsnec
TSENG Tepe Lia |e doehess=.. 16.4 ;
20. 435 | 193 | Considerable. .}(15.6)| (15. 1) (12.5)
21.795 | 205 | Moderate..... (17. 1)|(14. 7)| (13.2
Bd otk (Mane None ........-} 16.2 | 14.8 | 12.15
21.319 | 194 | Considerable. .|(15. 8)|(15. 6) | (12. 6)
22.703 | 202 | None ......... 17.1 |‘ 16.1 | 12.9
23.587 | 206 | Considerable. .|(15.7)/| (14. 8) |(12. 5)
22.703 | 197 | None ......:.. 17.1 | 15.0 | 12.5
22.703 | 194 |..... daecen- 3: 16.6 | 15.2 | 12.7
oe el ers Moderate. . .. .|(17. 2)|(15.-4)| (12. 8)
24.948 | 208 | None........- 17.1 | 14.6 | 12.7
23.610 | 197 | Slight........ (16. 6) | (15.3) (12. 8)
Sei spot e|| See ers INONG eee eee elifisos|| LoxOe|el2s9
26.309) |) 21452. 222 (6 Co) peer ee 17.7 | 15.2 | 13.65
282010 |i2a2) |eaee a dope ea 16.9 | 14.6 | 12.4
30. 414 | 246 |..... Goya ae 17.4 | 15.0 | 12.7
27.692 | 223 | Slight.......- (16. 8) (14. 9) (13.55)
29.507 | 235 | Moderate..._- (16. 8)| (14. 8) | (12. 65)
29.030 | 230 | Considerable (16.0) | (15. 8) (18. 05)
29.053 | 229 | Slight........ (16. 8)|(15. 8) | (13. 25)
30. 414 | 239 | None......... 17.6 | 15.0 | 12.35
32.659 | 256 | Considerable. -|(15. 9) (5. 4) | (12. 5)
29.030 | 228 | Slight........ (17. 5)| (15. 3)|(13. 2)
29.030 | 227 | Moderate..... (16. 0) (14. 8) |(12. 9)
30. 414 | 238 | None......... 16.2 ; 15.4) 12.5
27.692 | 216 |..... GOP ese 17.0 | 14.6 | 12.45
29.938 | 233 |... lO Saeco 18.0 | 15.4 | 13.2
29. 484 | 229 | Pronounced . .|(17. 4) |(16. 0) | (12. 95)
2s239))| 210° || INONe <=... 21 17.2.) 15.0) | 12575
29.960 | 232 | Considerable. .|(16. 4) (16. 2)| (13. 0)
29. 938 | 232: | None ........- 18.0 | 15.4 | 12.85
29.507 | 228 | Moderate..... (17. 4)| (15. 7)|(13. 4)
33.566 | 259 | Considerable ..|(16.7) (15. 6) | (12.6)
32.206 | 248 |..... dose cee (17. 3)| (15. 8) | (13. 05)
32.206 | 248 | Moderate..... (17. 0)| (15. 8) | (13. 6)
34.474 | 264 | Slight...._.-- (17. 4)| (15. 5)| (13. 2)
Soeseeealavsck INGne kee esas e| lied losOs |e h2io4
SuRePA Ly Sit)" ae done. Metln LOnOn dale
29.938 | 228 | Slight.......- (17. 2)| (15. 2)| (13. 65)
29.030 | 221 | None......... 17,1 | 14.8 | 12.6
Cephalic index.
| Height-length
index.
index.
Height - breadth
Cephalic module.
268
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[Bu
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES— Continued
Lu. 34
TABLE 2. Detail measurements: height, weight, head—Continued
(2) APACHE BOYS—Continued
PX les 3S Head
Shel ele - - =
3 : ; g 6 5 4 : BS i | s § E
a a> ae Eph e = ko So on I Z
} 3 2 a7 =| Deformation 2 B ay Se : = ey | by Ee
a = a ~ ; # | (oceipitaleom-| 3S | 5a]/a_S] & Bf Ee ea
3 = 3 | is a” pression). 38 oH es 5 = pels lPaaeet |e
Sul hecics Nee eke se (2 |#e5| 2/2 |2 | @
Paes Sie aie Ae, ae So) | Ole
cm. | cm. | cm. kg. \grm cm, | cm, | cm.
499. .| 131.3 | 72.1 | 59.2 | 32.206 | 245 | Moderate..... L720)! 552) (8585) 2S ion [eee a | eee 15.02
500. .| 131.8 | 73.4 | 58.4 | 33.589 | 255 | None .....-...- 17.6" | 15.16 |) 12:85: | 88.164 73202 | 82.37 1) Torso
HOUS | ABTS 73.1 175857) 3.8204) 237 | Considerable: (1628) 522) (1S. 5) eects esa onic eee ote 153917
502. .| 132.6 | 70.7 | 61.9 | 30.867 | 233 | None......... 17.3 | 14.2 | 12.85 | 82.08 | 73.83 | 90.49 | 14.78
603). %.|) 1382216) | 7222) |) 60)4) 31.752) 239) | Slight: 2 25. (1658) (596) | (2565) eee 3 ere nies are 15.02
504. .| 133.0 | 72.6 | 60.4 | 31.298 | 235 |_.._. Osea (165:8))(1456))| (1239) | Seeeee oSee ace asec 14.77
HOS =.4| 13dh20/70542| 6258) So sels) 2b5e = doe sesese (QV aD KG ESO KGBSS5) SS oScnc|oasuesellsacace:| 15.15
HOG es) dessa) Asean eHOul Soe 228 nle242n MOC erate eens Lists))l(Lenend)) (ese) sl erate tere ire) mere | pete 15. 63
507. .| 133.4 | 70.8 | 62.6 | 30.164 | 226 | Slight........ (rab GeO Gea) cosoctollssdasec|ba5s<5- 14. 87
508). .| 13356") 70.1 | 63.5 | 30.845 | 231 |. 2--- dope soe (%2) (4) (3515) Seales seascape ees 15. 02
HOO se 1ssegR N72: 4) Ge 5, || dos9000 |e 208a| NONe sense see 17.5 | 14.7 | 138.0 } 84.00 | 74.29 | 88.44 | 15.07
510. .| 134.0 | 73.1 | 60.9 | 31.298 | 233 | Moderate. .... (ive5) (16:10) KB 255) Serre Beene | eres 15. 68
511..| 134:0°) 72.3 | 61.7 | 32.228 | 240.| Considerable. .|(16.8)| (15. 4)| (13. 65)}.-.----|...----|------- 15. 28
512. .| 134.5 | 73.0 | 61.5 | 32.682 | 243 | Moderate. .... (1675))|(@525) | (2585) eee || ese serra 14.95
513. .| 134.6 | 72.7 | 61.9 | 29. 484 | 219 | Considerable. .!(16.0)|(15.1)| 13.05 |...----]....---|.------ 14.72
514 134.7 | 70.5 | 64.2 | 29.507 | 219 | None.......-- 18.0 | 14.6 | 13.0 | 81.11 | 72.22 | 89.04 | 15.20
515. .| 135.2 | 72.9 | 62.3 | 33.113 | 245 GOSS se 4 16.8 | 14.7 | 12.8 7.60 | 76.19 | 87.07 | 14.77
S16. 2) 135.71 72-1 | 6356) || 345496) 625470 = dons tke 17.5 | 15.0 | 12.6 | 85.7 72.00 | 84.00 | 15.03
517. .| 136.0 | 73.1 | 62.9 | 34.474 | 253 | Moderate. ...- (ie 4) 553) (2575) ee aceeia e eet eee 15a05.
518. .| 136.4 | 72.7 | 63.7 | 37.649 | 276 | Considerable. .| (16. 8)} (15. 4), (1350). |Back IO eS S.J 15. 07
5192.) 13654 |: 73.5. | 62.9) | 34.927 |256'| Nome =. :--.--- 18.1 |) 16:2)) 1254 | 89560") 68.51 | 76.54) Wos5a70
D202 adsoro | MLS) | G4a7, | le 752)| 23d) |e 2 GOmaks-t- 17..2° | 15501), 18.3) | 8721) 7723385) 88367. | loenlin
521. .| 136.5 | 71.8 | 64.7 | 34.020 | 249 Considerable. SLE RG) lacs) L225) ere ee eee | renee 14. 52
522 136.8 | 73.4 | 63.4 | 32.228 | 234 | None...-..-.-.- 17.1 | 15.1 | 13.0 | 88.30 | 76.02 } 86.09 | 15.07
523. .| 137.7 |) 72.4 | 65.3 | 34.927 | 254 | Moderate. ..-- |(16.6)) (15. 4)) (12.8) |--.----]-------]------- 14. 93
624-21 13854 | 73.6) | (64.8) 86.742) 2655/2 = - GOs eee (16. 6)| (15. 4) ((VAE) I asposelssosacalsomecce 14.93
525..| 138.7 | 75.8 | 62.9 | 38.556 | 278 |..... dowiats.. (7e7) (596) (3-4) laces eee | eee 15.57
526. .| 139.0 | 74.0 | 65.0 | 36.742 | 264 | Slight........ (1626) \@1550))\G12595) | See leeeeeeeleeseeee 14. 85
BY705 Ip IBA eB | ae si liste a || Pe INI) aaa sosse 117.9 | 15.4; 12.4 | 86.03 | 69.27 | 80.52 ; 15.23
528 SOT Waals IO4e01 38.102 i273) lees (Vo ete 17.5 | 15.4 | 13.05 | 88.00 | 74.58 | 84.74 | 15.32
529 140:3 | 73.9 | 66.4 | 41.731 | 297 |..... Choe ooeas 17.6 | 15.1 | 12.85 | 85.80 | 73.02 | 85.10 | 15.18
530. .| 140.8 | 74.8 | 66.0 | 36.311 , 258 }..... Got eseee 16.8 | 14.8 | 12.75 | 88.10 | 75.89 | 86.15 | 14.78
531, =| 40:8 | 75.0) 65.8. | 375649) | 267-| Considerable. =|\(17-3)|(G6.3))|2. 2222 | 290.) None’..2--..-- LO Sa oho e269 90.42 | 77.25 | 85.43 | 14.90
D/6)- 4) 153.4 78.3) | 74.9) | 425207) | 275)... -- (6 Ke Karan 18.2 | 15.8 | 13.25 |} 86.81 | 72.81 | 83.86 | 15.75
577 —.| 154.0 | 78.9: | 75.1.) 50.803.) 330:)...-. donee -cee 18:7 | 15.6 | 13.5 | 83.42 | 72.19 | 86.54 | 15.93
578 154.2 | 82.6 | 71.6 | 49.896 | 323 |.---. Gon sce 2 17.8 | 15.0 | 13.4 84.27 | 75.28 | 89.33 | 15.40
579 154.2 | 80.7 | 73.5 | 44.929 | 291 |..-.. owas ee see 17.4 |} 15.6 | 12.8 | 89.66 | 73.56 | 82.05 | 15.27
580. .| 154.4 | 78.2 | 76.2 | 44.453 | 288 |..... (6 Ko) an ene 17.3 | 15.2 | 13.25 | 87.86 | 76.59 | 87.17 | 15.25
581. .) 154.7 | 79.2 | 75.5 | 48.558 | 314 ECON seen 18.4 | 16.2 | 13.9 | 88.04 | 75.54 | 85.80 | 16.17
582 156.0 | 79.8 | 76.2 | 43.568 | 279 |...-- Gow ssteer 18.1 | 14.2 | 13.25 | 78.45 | 73.21 | 92.96 | 15.18
583. .| 156.4 | 82.5 | 73.9 | 48.104 | 308 |...-- Ok sensor 17.4 | 16.0 | 13.3 91.95 | 76.44 | 83.13 | 15.57
584. .| 156.5 | 81.1 | 75.4 | 48.104 | 307 | Slight......... (18:2) 1655) (3v98) I. oc = le ees Pe 16. 22
585. -| 157.9 | 79.1 | 78.8 | 49.011 | 310 | Considerable. .|(17.’4)|(15.6)|(13.15)|....-..!...-..-|....--- 15. 38
586. .| 158.3 | 83.3 | 75.0 | 48.104 | 304 | None......... 18.2 | 15.3 | 13:75.| 84.07 | 75.55. | 89.87 | 15.75
5Sfer| los. 4 ||| 82.9) 7550.4 o0sS0e) |rozke lass - dot.-2=5.% 17.3 | 15.4 | 13.0 |.89.02 | 75.14 | 84.42 | 15.23
588. .| 158.6 | 84.0 | 74.6 | 53.071 | 335 |...-. GOs 2 18.1 1 15.7 1 13.5 | 86.74 | 74.59 | 85.99 | 15.77
270
IL. InpiAN CHILDREN oF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[ BULL. 34
TABLE 2. Detail measurements: height, weight, head—Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
. |3 Head
cae cn Seer ,
| Sues ae ied ip ee eel rp eS
5 ape 25] Deformation 5 ea eer q A ae} S|
e S = as AS ee apa (aed |p eutes | ces on | 58 a
ry 50 - = | (occipitalcom-| § 9 | oa | 38, © ag ie ©
SA lets @. || 2 = || pression). | o8 | oA |es 5 fie epee n=l
3 a0] Z| ‘ep oo | 8b at 5 moe| < “ob "eo |
® => > o o o SO} & oH.a a o o a
eat Soe) Sai Ee aha td o |a cs Ss)
, cm. | cm..| cm. kg. \grm cm, | cm, | cm.
589. .| 158.6 | 83.2 | 75.4 | 57.607 | 363 | None--..----..- 1850} 1620) 1333 89.44 | 73.89 | 82.61 | 15.80
590. 158.8 | 86.9 | 71.9 | 56.269 | 354 | Slight.....--..- (74) si) (25 8) a lee se | ee ene 15. 30
591. | 158.9 | 8221-7628 |53.978, | 340) | Moderate: 2.2 (175.4) (6:.2))(1335a) a2 3 eel ee a oe 155,72
592. .! 159.1 | 82.3 | 76.8 | 53.978 | 339 | Considerable. .|(17.3)| (16. 2)|(13. 55)|.-.....|.-.----|--.---- 15. 68
593. .| 159.4 | 83.1 | 76.3 | 51.710 | 324 | None.......-- 19.0 | 15.7 | 13.0 | 82.63 | 68.42 | 82.80 | 15.90
594. .| 160.5 | 85.9 | 74.6 | 53.071 | 331 |..... domes 17.9 | 15.1 | 18.35 | 84.36 | 74.58 | 88.41 | 15.45
595.. .| 160.5 SiON ocOMl soul Loan ooO reece Goes ees: 17.3 | 15.5 | 12.9 | 89.60 | 74.57 | 83.23 | 15.23
596. :| 161.2 | 86.1) | 75.1 | CO MS25 0ST eee ae. Ko peer WSSON el Gavekort 90.27 | 74.05 | 82.04 | 16.30
597. .| 161.3 | 85.9 | 75.4 | 57.154 | 354 | Slight......... (17. 4)| (16. 9)|(14.05)|_.....-|--.---- ieee 16.12
598 . 161.4 | Sl RON35) S760 79 | oode| eee does seer (EBA KR. 9) (@BS7)) jseeseet beaosed| seacces 16. 27
599. .| 161.5 | 84.9 | 76.6 | 56.723 | 351 | None....----- 18.2 | 15.0 | 12.65 | 82.42 | 69.51 | 84.34 | 15.28
600 - _| 163. 4 | 85.3 78. 1° (454.455 | 333° |=: = doseete see LOSS lbs | se 2 80.51 | 67.69 | 84.08 | 16.13
601...) 163.6 | 84.4 | 79.2 | 55..793-| 341 |. =. dos. a-ses 17.9 | 16.3 | 13.25 | 91.06 | 74.02 | 81.29 | 15.82
602. | 163.7 | 84.3 | 79.4 | 53.094 | 324 }..... dOzs=-2-52 18.9 | 16.6 | 13.65 | 87.83 | 72.23 | 82.23 | 16.38
603. .| 163.8 |-85.5 | 78.3 | 53.071 | 324 |....- (6 COM 18.6 | 15.7 | 13.6 84.41 | 73.12 | 86.62 | 16.30
604. | 164.3 | 87.7 | 76.6 | 58.991 | 359 | Slight....-..-- (@ZE) (GUGEI OI (CS 5e) esas cea Seas onellseecbac 15. 67
605. . | 164.5 86.4 | 78.1 | 63.050 | 383 | Moderate. ...-. (823); (@625) (C3985) | ees |aoer ae aleeeee 16.22
606. .| 164.7 | 82.8 | 81.9 | 56.723 | 344 | None..-.-.-.-.--- 17.8 | 15.0 | 12.95 | 84.27 | 72.75 | 86.34 | 15.25
607... | 164.8 | 86.6 | 78.2 | 58.968 | 358 | Moderate. ..-. (i728) (654) (3.85) ease as| sees ee | eecrrere 16.02
608. .| 165.0 | 89.1 | 75.9 | 59.875 | 363 | Considerable. .|(17. 2)|(16.3)|(13.15)|......-|.-.----|--.---- 16555
609. | 165.0 | 87.2| 77.8) 58,061 \))352°) Slight...-..-_- (854) (1625) GSS)! hes se aa ete 16.25
610. .| 165.1 | 89.3 | 75.8 | 59.444 | 360 | None...._.--- 1SSon| lor 4al dono: 84.16 | 73.77 | 87.66 | 15.73
61-2) 16523") 86.07] 7953"! 5382978) |\s270 25-8 Gos aeeeee 17.8 | 15.3 | 13.2 | 85.96 | 74.16 | 86.27 | 15.43
612. | 165.3 | 85.3 | 80.0 | 58.991 | 357 |..... dO:ie5 22555 18.0 | 16.4 | 13.4 91.11 | 74.44 | 81.71 | 15.93
613. | 165.4 | 82.7 | 82.7 | 55.793 | 337 | Moderate..--. (17. 2) | (A620) (L228) 2a k sees ocala eee 15.33
614. | 165.6 | 87.7 | 77.9 | 55.339 | 334 | None.....---- 17.7 | 15.6 | 12.8 | 88.14 | 72.32 | 82.05 | 15.37
615. .| 165.6 | 85.7 | 79.9 | 56.269 | 339 | Considerable. .|(17.5)|(16.5)|(13.4) |.......|--....- |e oseaat 15.80
616...) 165.7 | 87.1 | 78.6 | 58.991 | 356 |} None..,..- -- 18.6 | 16.4 | 13.35 | 88.17 | 71.78 | 81.41 | 16.12
617. .| 165.8 | 86.1 | TOMA DLAGOTe | {S47 Wanees dOe eco 18.1 | 16.6 | 13.3 91.71 | 73.48 | 80.12 | 16.20
618. .| 165.8 | 88.5 | 77.3 | 62.597 | 378 |..... dose eck 18.1 >) 1558") dss 87.29 | 72.38 | 82.91 | 15.67
619. .; 165.8 | 85.6 | 80.2 | 59.898 ; 361 | Moderate... -. (U77) (655) | 258)h | aaeee sales eee 15. 67
620. .| 166.2 | 88.0 | 78.2 | 60.805 | 366 | None..-.---.-.- 18.5 | 15.4 | 13.3 83.24 | 71.89 | 86.36 | 15.73
621. .| 166.3 | 86.0 | 80.3 | 58 968 | 354 | Considerable. .|(17.0)) (16. 4)|(13.0) |....---|.-.----|------- 15. 47
6225 2] 166.7 87.10 7ONt [e572 l7 60 840 ||P None a. eee 2a) L6KOn | L288 93.02 | 74.42 | 80.00 | 15.33
623. .| 167.0 | 88.3 | 78.7 | 63.050 | 378 |...-. dO tnteee oe 18.8 | 16.4 | 13.45 | 87.23 | 71.55 | 82.02 | 16.22
624..-|) 167.4 | 87.2 "| '80)2°|57., 176.) 341! | Moderate <_< 2)\(1822)\(652))\(i45 05) | Soe eeas ess sees eee 16.15
625. .| 167.5 | 86.8 | 80.7 | 64.411 | 385 | None......--- 18.0 | 15.6 | 13.75 | 86.67 | 76.39 | 88.14 | 15.78
626. .| 167.6 | 89.1 | 78:5 | 67.155 | 401 |...-. GO see 19.7 | 16.4 | 13.7 | 83.25 | 69.54 | 83.54 | 16.60
627. .| 168.0 | 88.1 | 79.9 | 63.958 | 381 |...-. GOn see. ee 19.5 | 17.2.) 13.9 88.21 | 71 28 | 80.81 | 16.87
628 . .| 168.2 | 87.6 | 80.6 | 61.712 | 367 |.-.--. doves sss 18.0 | 15.8 | 18.5 | 87.78 | 75.00 | 85.44 | 15.77
629. .| 169.5 | 87.5 | 82.0 | 58.514 | 345 |..... dO: 2sssea-% 1853) |S a7 a Lsero | Sba7, 75.14 | 87.58 | 15.92
630. .| 169.8 | 84.9 | 84.9 | 55.339 | 326 | Moderate. ....|(16.7)| (16. 2)| (12. 65)|.......|.......|------=| 15.18
631. .| 169.9 | 90.2 | 79.7 | 65.772 | 387 | None.-.------- 18.9 | 16.5 | 13.75 | 87.80 | 72.76 | 83.34 | 16.38
632. .| 170.0 | 87.0 | 83.0 | 59.422 | 349 | Moderate..... (17:9) \(06.6)| (13985) ce clue eee eee 16.12
HRDLICK A] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS eal
Il. InpraAn CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 2. Detail measurements: height, weight, head—Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Pec ‘3 Head
2 3 qi : iif = bo ‘lhe Pare si
Si Ss Debate Wr lami le
, pee lesen] Shes a5 : His lee HN efaee cael aS
3 = = ea Ae Deformation Su | oid Sa tae ow | Bx I
o| 2 | 2 je | & [e2| compression | $5 | £8 jnz6| = | 22 | 32 | 2
ee SS E |e AP|A it a tos aA ba
| |
cm. | cm. | cm. kg. \grm cm. | cm. | cm.
633. .| 170.3 | 88.7 | 81.6 | 68.516 | 402 | None......... 19.1 | 15.9 | 13.5 | 83.25 | 70.68 | 84.91 | 16.17
634. .| 170.4 | 88.5 | 81.9 | 58.514 | 343 |... doses 18.4 | 16.2 | 13.1 | 88.04 | 71.20 | 80.86 | 15.90
635. .| 170.5 | 85.5 | 85.0 | 58.514 | 343 | Considerable. .| (17. 4)|(15. 9)|(13.0) |...--.-|--..---|.-..--- 15. 43
636. .| 170.7 | 87.6 | 83.1 | 60.329 | 353 | Slight......... (18. 6)|(15. 9)}(13.35)|-2..---|--.-2--|------- 15.95
687. .| 171.5 | 92.1 | 79.4! 61.712 | 359 |...-. do Face (L724) (16. Di (3c) | oases. leu aces lee eee 15.58
G58 ©.) Dries 80r) S2e ty |<. tos. 8. Nonexe ites. 19.0 | 15.7 | 13.45 | 82.63 | 70.79 | 85.67 | 16.05
639. .| 172.0 | 89.6 | 82.4 | 66.226 | 385 |..... don ees: 18.5 | 16.3 | 13.9 | 88.11 | 75.14 | 85.28 | 16.23
640. .| 172.2 | 86.7 | 85.5 | 57.154 | 332 |... doprssccee 17.7 | 15.6 | 13.0 | 88. 14 | 73.45 | 83.33 | 15.43
641_.| 172.4 | 88.0 | 84.4 | 73.937 | 429 |..... does eet 19.5 | 15.5 | 13.7 | 79.49 | 70.26 | 88.39 | 16.23
642. .| 173.6 | 92.0 | 81.6 | 68.040 | 392 | Slight......... (18. 3)|(16.4)/ (14.2) |... lee hae Kee ees 16. 30
643. .| 173.7 | 87.7 | 86.0 | 59.875 | 345 | Moderate... .|(17.9)|(16.1)|(13.25)|....-.. Pay eae a Ne 15.75
644. .| 173.8 | 87.2 | 86.6 | 58.537 | 387 | None.-....... 18.5 | 15.8 | 13.55 | 85.41 | 73.24 | 85.76 | 15.95
645_.| 175.3 | 91.2 | 84.1 | 68.040 | 388 |..... doneta. oe 18.4 | 16.0 | 13.5 | 86.96 | 73.37 | 84.38 | 15.97
(b) APACHE GIRLS
646. .| 106.6 | 61.4 | 45.2 | 20.866 | 196 | None......... 17.2 | 13.9 | 12.85 | 80.81 | 74.71 | 92.45 | 14.65
647. .| 108.2 | 59.6 | 48.6 | 19.051 | 176 | Considerable. .|(15.3)|(14.6)|(12.0) |.......]....-./.-..--- 13.97
648 ..! 109.3-| 61.8 | 47.5 | 21.092 | 193 | None......... 16.7 | 15.0 | 12.25 | 89.82 | 73.35 | 81.66 | 14.65
649 ..| 110.2 |.62.1 | 48.1 | 19.505 | 177 |..... dope ae 16.6 | 14.3 | 12.35 | 86.14 | 74.40 | 86.36 | 14. 42
650. .| 110.7 | 62.3 | 48.4 | 20.185 | 182 |..... om tee. 15.7 | 14.2 | 12.6 | 90.46 | 80.25 | 88.73 | 14.17
651..| 111.8 | 62.1 | 49.7 | 22.453 | 201 |..... domes 16.8 | 14.6 | 12.45 | 86.90 | 74.10 | 85.27 | 14.62
652 ..| 113.8 | 63.1 | 50.7 | 22.680 | 199 |..... dosroehe 16.9 | 14.5 | 12.3 | 85.80 | 72.78 | 84.83 | 14.57
653 ..| 114.7 | 64.1 | 50.6 | 22.680 | 198 |..... hi lotoee teas 16.7 | 14.7 | 12.35 | 88.02 | 73.95 | 84.01 | 14.58
654 ..| 115.3 | 64.1 | 51.2 | 24.268 | 210 |._... dome nese 17.4] 14.5 | 12.6 | 83.33 | 72.41 | 86.90 | 14.83
655 ..| 116.1 | 64.8 | 51.3 | 24.041 | 207 |..... dog? 16.7 | 14.8 | 12.3 | 88.62 | 73.65 | 83.11 | 14.60
656 ..| 117.0 | 64.9 | 52.1 | 24.721 | 211 |... domes 18.0 | 14.9 | 12.35 | 82.78 | 68.61 | 82.88 | 15.08
657 ..| 117.3 | 66.6 | 50.7 | 24.268 | 207 | Slight........ (16. 6)| (15. 4)| (12. 45)}. 2... | sememnsl Yaak 5. 14. 82
658 ..| 117.5 | 66.4 | 51.1 | 23.814 | 203 | None......... 16.9 | 15.0 | 12.4 | 88.76 | 73.37 | 82.67 | 14.77
659 ..| 118.3 | 65.3 | 53.0 | 23.814 | 201 | Considerable. .|(16.1)|(15. 4)|(12. 45)|.......|....---]------- 14.65
660 ..| 118.8 | 66.8 | 52.0 | 23.360 | 197 | Slight........ (Gs 7) C154)) (1305) |-2 2 che lyveme alee cee 15.05
661 ..| 119.4 | 65.9 | 53.5 | 23.587 | 198 | Considerable. .|(16.8)|(15.2)|(12.9) |.......|...--..[.....-- 14.97
662..| 119.6 | 65.7 | 53.9 | 26.762 | 224 | None. ........ 16.7 | 15.0 | 12.75 | 89.82 | 76.35 | 85.0 | 14.82
663 ..| 120.2 | 64.4 | 55.8 | 22.907 | 191 |....- dose ae 16.9 | 14.5 | 12.2 | 85.80 | 72.19 | 84.14 | 14.53
664..| 120.3 | 65.2 | 55.1 | 24.948 | 207 | Considerable. .|(16. 1)|(15. 1)|(13.05)|.......|....-..|....-.- 14.75
665... 120.7 | 69.4 | 61.3 | 28.599 | 237 | Moderate..... (GB) (48) 12295)” sce eee 14.78
666 ..| 120.8 | 66.5 | 54.3 | 25.855 | 214 | Slight........ (ose (a laiee 5) (Ge Be) el ee Poe heel 15.10
667 ..| 122.1 | 67.6 | 54.5 | 25.855 | 212 | None......... 16.4 | 14.7 | 12.4 | 89.63 | 75.61 | 84.35 | 14.50
668 ..| 122.7 | 65.3 | 57.4 | 26.082 | 213 |..... dome 16.3 | 14.5 | 12.0 | 88.96 | 73.62 | 82.76 | 14.27
669 ..| 122.9 | 70.3 | 52.6 | 25.855 | 210 |..... doncceee 17.4 | 14.8 | 13.15 | 85.06 | 75.58 | 88.85 | 15.12
670 --| 124.2 | 66.7 | 57.5 | 25.778 | 208 | Moderate..... (1620) |(1593)| (12. 85) | nasal goede 14. 72
671 ..| 124.2 | 67.2 | 57.0 | 25.402 | 205 | Considerabie. .|(15.6)|(15.0)|.......|....-.-|-------|.---+--[-.----
672 ..| 125.2 | 67.1.| 58.1 | 26.309 | 210 | None. ........ 16.6 | 14.6 | 12.05 | 87.95 | 72.59 | 82.54 | 14.42
673 ..! 125.3 | 66.9 | 58.4 26.309 | 210 | Moderate... (17. 0)!(14, 4)}(12.2) |......- [erase ot 272 14.53
272 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ BULL. 34
Il. InpDIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
Tas.eE 2. Detail measurements: height, weight, head—Continued
(6) APACHE GIRLS—Continued
% 2 ® a Has Head
aE d fulz lee |, |e |e oe
a cies H & £ a s = ) = oo 3 S
$$. ¢ = ae | 28 Deformation | 3. a less pol ae sx | Bx |g
A ay Spale Se lho| be S (occipital BO)/aa/3_ 8) o ast i es °
- 7a a | s & || compression).| $5 |S |eeh| 3 $8 | 35 =I
Br lees) eae el ia ae Bee |S28) ae (eee
Sis | Sle ae ve APIS | Speier ete) 2
cm. cm | em | kg grm cm cm. | ecm |
674..| 125.6 | 69.0 | 56.6 | 29.030 | 231 | None...).....- 16.4 | 15.0 | 12.55 | 91.46 | 76.53 83.67 | 14.65
Gio eel 25s ON 678 | O80 29> 20a e2ooe Shit ee ee ae (169) 1(152.2)) | CLZE 8) 5 | Soe es |e ee eee | 14.97
676 ..| 126.0 | 68.3 | 57.7 | 31.752 | 252 |____. (oo iia ete sete (623) C544) CLE), | enters es reat eee | 14.82
677 .-} 126.3. | 71.5 | 54.8 | 28.804 | 228 |____. doseeee 18.3 | 15.8 | 13.2 | 86.34 | 72.13 - 83.54) 15.77
678 -.| 127.2 | 67.7 | 59.5 | 28.804 | 226 }____. dO Sacre 1722" | 14.38) | 12: 86.05 | 74. 42 | 86.49 | 14.93
679 ..| 127.3 | 69.3 | 58.0 | 26.536 | 208 |... .- do.. a ---| 10.85) 14207) 12° 35 | 91.77 | 78.17 | 85.18 | 14, 22
680...) 127.4 | 71.3 | 56.1 | 28.123 | 221 | Slight......-. (6!) 15; 0) @anas)|eo er < | ee oa 14.68
681... 128.2 | 70.8 | 57.4 | 28.577 | 223 | None......... 16.7 | 15.6 | 12.95 | 93.41 | 77.55 | 83.01 | 15.08
682 ..| 128.3 | 70.9 | 57.4 | 32.659 | 255 | Slight........ (627) Gl455)) (1352) al eeeeeee ny a | aaa 14. 80
683 .. 128.3 | 68.8 | 59.5 31. 298 244) Nonen 42-22 17.5 | 14.8 | 18.0 | 84.67 | 74.29 | 87.84 | 15.10
684 ..| 128.7 | 69.8 | 58.9 | 25.878 e205 ae GOR Ee sceee 16.1 | 14.3 | 12.6 | 88.82 |-78.26 | 88.11 | 14.33
685 ..| 128.9 | 70.0 | 58.9 | 27.216 | 211 |...-. doves. 16.6 | 15.0 | 12.35 | 90.36 | 74.10 | 82.34 | 14.65
686 -. 128.9 | 70.4 | 58.5 | 28.804 | 284 | Considerable. -/(15.6)|(15. 6) |(12. 55)|--.----|....-.- Wee .c eens 14.58
687 ..| 129.3 | 68.1 | 61.2 | 30.391 | 235 | Moderate. ...- 16.7 | 15.3 | 13.05 | 91.62 | 78.14 | 85.29 | 15.02
688 ..| 129.5 | 70.1 | 59.4) 27.670 | 214 | None........- 17.4 | 14.6 | 12.5 | 83.91 | 71.84 | 85.62 | 14.83
689 ..| 130.1 | 68.7 | 61.4 | 32.659 | 251 |..... Go fase 17.0 | 14.6 | 12.1 | 85.88 | 71.18 | 82.88 | 14.57
690... 130.4 | 69.1 | 61.3 | 30.381) 271 |e a= don eso 17.5 | 16.1 | 13.35 | 92.0 | 76.29 | 82.92 | 15.65
GOs) Was 7018: 4/59"6)|| 825206) | 245 12. oe Gone aeeece 17.3: | 15.7 |) 1351 5 | 90576 |) 75:72) 835449)" 1537
692... 131.6 | 71.0 | 60.6 | 29.938 | 227 |..... GO\eee 17.5 | 14.4 | 12. 82.29 | 69.14 | 84.03 | 14.67
693. .| 131.6 | 68.7 | 62.9 | 29.711 | 226 |..... dose eeee 16.2 | 15.0 | 12.35 | 92.59 | 76.24 | 82.34 | 14.52
694...) 131.7 | 72.0 | 59.7 | 35.608 | 270 |..--. Go es Jenene 17.4 | 15.5 | 12.95 | 89.08 | 74.43 | 83.55 | 15.28
695. .| 131.8 | 71.0 | 60.8 | 30.867 | 234 |...-.. GOpan--tee 16.8 | 14.5 | 12.30 | 86.31 | 73.21 | 84.83 | 14.53
696. .| 131.9 | 72.2 | 59.7 | 32.432 | 246 | Considerable. .|(15.8) (15.6) | (12.55) Sn tm shs|| Se yoreteraille sets 14.65
697. .| 132.7 | 72.1 | 60.6 | 312072) || 234 | None)==: 2-2-2 17.4 | 14.7 | 12.6 | 84.48 | 72.41 | 85.71 | 14.90
698. .| 133.2 | 70.0 | 63.2 | 29.484 | 221 |..... dow tese 17.4 | 14.6 | 12.9 | 83.91 | 74.14 | 88.36 | 14.97
699.. 133.6 | TO. Dal Goal’ 1131 2OSiI 254 see ee Oe asneoe 17.4 |} 15.0 | 12.75 | 86.21 | 73.28 | 85.0 15.05
700.. 134.0 | Wel | 62.9 | 32.228 | 241 | Considerable:.|(16.8))|(16..5)|(13.7) |2------|.--22-.|--2222- 15.67
701... 134.8 | 71.5 | 63.3 | 30.845 | 229 | None ...----..- 16:6 | 15.3.) 13.15 | 92.17 | 79.22 | 85.95 | 15.02
702. .| 184.8 | 72.8 | 62.0 | 33.340 | 247 |...-- dowaseeee: 17.0 | 14.8 | 12.5 | 87.06 | 73.53 | 84.46 | 14.77
703 ..-| 135.3 | 72.3 | 63:0!) 322206 ||| 238.,|.,. 222 GOs soa 17.7 | 14.7 | 12.9 | 83.06 | 72.88 | 87.76 | 15.10
704... 185.4 74.8 | 60.6 | 31.979 | 236 |..... (Geer ase e 17.63) 15.7% | 13.3) | 89-20:| 75.57, | S471" |W Waxd3
705.- 135.5 75.5 | 60 33.566 | 248 | Moderate. .... C653) @552))\(1Sz4) sS- See a sleeeerees|(- sees 14.97
706. .| 135.6 | 74.8 | 60.8 | 34.474 | 254 | None......... 16.5 | 15.1 | 12.55 | 91.62+| 76.06 | 83.11 | 14.72
ROT | L3H a7) T2edel| 6Sa6e|eob=oel i) 26l|s es doesn es | 17.4 | 15.5 | 12.95 | 89.08 | 74.43 | 83.55 | 15.28
708. .| 135.9 | 74.1 | 61.8 | 35.403 | 261 |.-_.- dos ssa 16.3 | 15.0 | 12.75 | 92.02 | 78.22 | 85.0 | 14.68
709. .| 186.6 | 72.8 | 68.8 | 36.515 | 267 |...-. GO\-eee eee 16.4 | 15.5 | 12.8 | 94.51 | 78.05 | 82.58 | 14.90
710. .| 136.6 | 74.2 | 62.4:) 34.474 | 252 )..--. dover 16.6 | 15.0 | 13.0 | 90.36 | 78.31 | 86.67 | 14.87
Wi. .| 187.0 |_75.7 | 61.3 | 36.764 | 268) |)=_—- GO sees 17.7 | 14.7 | 18.35 | 83.05 | 75.43 | 90.82 15.25
#12). 13751 |) 76.2) 60.9) | 33-566.) 245 ec =. (0 Ko ae 17.2 | 14.2 | 12.35 | 82.56 | 71.80 | 86.97 | 14.58.
GAS= =|) 18Ve2) || (455: )|62—u 2.886 | 240 |...-.. doe sasee L7O4 | V5) 12505 7.36 | 69.26 | 79.28 | 14.88
714. .| 137.3 | 73.8 | 63.5 | 34.474 | 258 |.-.-. dortceeas 18.1 | 14.7 | 12.55 | 81.22 | 69.34 | 85.37 | 15.12
715. .| 137.6 | 74.0 | 63.6 | 33.589 | 244 | Moderate. ...- (623))) GS s3))/C(L2E6)\s| (Serres eee eee 14.73
716. i| 1S7at || @o-0))|) 64.0) | olito2a|- Zola INOneraenerene 17.0 | 14.2 | 12.65 | 83.53 | 74.42 | 89.09 | 14.62
717. .| 138.0 | 7328 | (G4. 25l 292701) 215 ee ne GOreeccee 17.0 | 15.0 | 12.5 | 88.24 | 73.53 | 83.33 | 14.83
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
LIL. Inpran CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
273
TABLE 2. Detail measurements: height, weight, head—Continued
(b) APACHE GIRLS—Continued
| Record no.
~~]
=
10 0)
7A
a 41
nw
= ©
1) 0
722. -
ANNA 4
NwWWN NW
Aare
728 . -
729 . -
730 . -
(Ril
732. -
733. -
734. -
735. -
736. -
Matias
738 . -
739. -
740. -
741. -
742. .
743. -
744...
745. -
746. -
UNIRE
(Cae
749. .
750. -
751. -
752. -
753 . -
754. .
755 - -
756. -
US fer
758 - -
109)
760. -
dolls
. bm] r
s 2 2 & Head. |
Sasa: Ee a | Se aU
3 \ad 3 S3/s |s else we lse
: ~ |'3'2 BH * ele aslaiqn | iS eres jae oie
3 2 | as AS Deformation | =, aH leeg| 4 on | Be
ye ec eal rts | Be Se leua| 2 | 22 | oe
Ble |e | & |e jooPMON eels (e2|) 8 |e" | Ss
> ~ ® o v fea SD fy ‘3 Aa a i) ‘oO
S/|2f ie e |F A’|A | | o | | a
cm. {| cm. | cm kg. grm cm. | cm. | cm.
138.0 | 74.4 | 63.6 | 32.432 | 235 | None.....-..-- 17.2 | 15.6 | 12.95 | 90.70 | 75.29 | 83.01
138.1 | 71.8 | 66.3 | 33.135 | 240 | Slight......... Gills SGP) NUON Wee ates eee eels sees
139.0 | 73.5 | 65.5 | 33.113 | 238 | Moderate. ....|(16.3)|(14.6)|(12.7) |:.....-|-....--[--.----
139;53)| 76:5 | 62.85) 322228 | 231 |) None::.----... 15.9 | 14.2 | 12.35 | 89.31 | 77.68 | 86.97
139.7 | 74.2 | 65.5 | 34.020 | 244 |___.. doe=2 =. - 17.1 | 15.1 | 18.4 | 88.30 | 78.36 | 88.74
140.0 | 76.7 | 63.3 | 40.370 | 288 |..... dopeks ose Tiisou| loc ON oe 91.91 | 75.72 | 82.39
L405 25| 75.0; 165.2; | 31752 1-226) |=. = does seen 17.1 | 14.8 | 12.5 | 86.55 | 73.10 | 84.46
TO E25 iiesale65.0! 412730! e298". GO serene 17.0 | 15.4 | 13.0 90.59 | 76.47 | 84.42
TAQR Ta (d.2 (267-5: | a2. 659) (0232) libs 2 = COOLS Reta 17.2) 14.27] 12.4 82.56 | 72.09 | 87.32
140.7 | 73.9 | 66-8 | 36.288 | 258 |__..-. Okole seine 16.9 | 15.0 | 12.6 88.76 | 74.56 | 84.0
140.9 | 74.8 | 66.1 | 34.247 | 243 | Considerable. .|(15.9)|(15.7)|(13.35)|-...---|.--...-|-----.-
140.9 | 74.8 | 66.1 | 35.834 | 254 | None......... 17.2 | 15.0 | 12.45 | 87.21 | 72.38 | 83.0
141.0 | 75.9 | 65.1 | 34.700 | 246 |...-.. domesS5s-¢- 16.8 14.7 | 12.3 87.50 | 73.21 | 83.67
TISON WieGuOae |ps8.125u0270) 22-2 doeeeenes. 17.5 | 15.7 | 13.35 | 89.7. 76.29 | 85.03
141.6] 77.0 | 64.6 | 36.742 | 259 |_.... domes --te 17.4 | 15.6 | 13.45 | 89.66 | 77.30 | 86.22
142:0 | 77.7 | 64.3 | 44.906 | 316 |..... GG Ee aeoees 17.9 | 14.9 | 12.4 | 83.24 | 69.27 | 83.22
142.0 | 75.4 | 66.6 | 39.486 | 278 | Moderate..... KGS?) GIS er0)@P2E)allise espe lees se ||esocose
142.2 | 75.8 | 66.4 | 39.917 | 281 | None......-... 17.8 | 14.8 | 12.85 | 83.15 | 72.19 | 86.83
143.5 | 76.1 | 67.4 | 40.144 | 280 | Considerable -|(16.7)|(15. 4)| (12.9) |...--..].--.--.]-..--.-
143.7 | 75.7 | 68.0 | 40.824 | 284 | None.......-.. 18.0 | 15.8 | 13.1 87.78 | 72.78 | 82.91
143.7 | 77.1 | 66.6 | 39.486 | 275 | Moderate. ..-- L656) (E555) Goes) ere amar | ences || Seeee =
144.0 | 77.7 | 66.3 | 45.814 | 318 | None........- 17.0 | 14.1 | 12.35 | 82.94 | 72.65 | 87.59
1 OP nao eee Os A2 i 2Ooe |e etre GOS e ees 16.6 | 14.8 | 12.75 | 89.16 | 76.81 | 86.15
144.2 | 75.8 | 68.4 | 34.474 | 239 | Moderate... . (1625) (id=4)) GB205)|| see sel | Seer
144.5 | 76.8 | 67.7 | 35.154 | 248 | None.......-.- 17.4 | 14.2 | 12.3 81.61 | 70.69 | 86.62
145.2 | 76.6 | 68.6 | 37.876 | 261 | Slight......... (geet) 5 s7))i| (12595) see ceee eee eee
145.2 | 75.1 | 70.1 | 35.834 | 247 | None........- 17.3 | 14.6 | 12.25 84.39 | 70.81 | 83. 91
145.3 | 78.3 | 67.0 | 46.267 | 318 |.__-- (6) eSeemeae 17.3 | 15.1 | 12.4 | 87:28 | 71.68 | 82.12
145.3 | 76.4 | 68.9 | 43.319 | 298 | Slight.......- (Gives) (G53) G26)! eS asec lease Boo tacrace
145.3 79.5 | 65.8 | 47.401 | 326 | None.......-- 17.2 | 15.2 | 12.6 | 88.387 | 73.26 | 82.89
145.5 | 80.6 ; 64.9 | 45.360 | 312 |...-- doers 5-2 17.7 | 15.2 | 12.9 | 85.88 | 72.88 | 84. 87
145..5\\| 73.7 |_ 71.8 | 36: 742: | 253 ||... -- domnasses 17.8 | 15.0 | 12.55 | 84.27 | 70. 51 |, 83. 67
145.5 | 75.7 | 69.8 | 34.927 | 240 |_...- Or eaaeae 17.5.| 15.0 | 13.15 | 85.71 | 75.15 | 87. 67
146.5 | 75.4 | 71.1 | 36.288 | 248 |..... Ole mebeoae 16.6 | 15.4 | 12.85 | 92.77 | 77.41 | 83.15
146.6 | 76.5 | 70.1 | 38.102 | 260 |.--.-. Glo eeeereocs 17.4 Tale 1383 84.48 | 76. 44 | 90. 48
146.7 | 75.9 | 70.8 | 41.958 | 286 |..... GOES Shee 17.7 | 15.1 | 12.9 | 85.31 | 72.88 | 85. 43
147.0 | 78.3 | 68.7 | 39.010 | 265 | Moderate. ....! G62) LEO) GLSRS5)) ee oleae ree ae
147.0 | 77.4 | 69.6 | 39.917 | 272 | Slight........ (17. 6)| (15. 9) (13. 2) Bese Geo ated oe
147.3 | 78.3 | 69.0 | 47.651 | 324 | None.......-. 17.6 | 14.3 | 12.8 | 81.25 72. 73, 89. 51
147.3 | 76.7 | 70.6 | 43.546 | 296 |..... (6 oi ae 17.9 | 15.2 | 13.25 | 84.92 | 74.02 | 87. 46
147.7 | 76.9 | 70.8 | 43.546 | 295 | Slight........ UU2)} 5-4) (13.05). 2- 3. ste a 2
148.0 | 79.5 | 68.5 | 41.278 | 279 | None...-..... 17.8 | 14.5 | 12.55 | 81.46 | 70.51 | 86.56
148.1 | 82.2 | 65.9 | (54. 455); (368))..... Wome asec 17.0 | 15.1 | 12.85 | 88.82 | 75.59 | 85.10
148.3 | 77.8 | 70.5 | 41.051 | 277 |....-. Gosssee-2 16.7 | 14.7 | 12.3 | 88.02 | 73.65 | 83. 67
3452—Bull. 34—08——_18
Cephalic module.
15.25
274 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL 84
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TaBLE 2. Detail measurements: height, weight, head—Continued
(b) APACHE GIRLS—Continued
[ one ‘S Head
Ej 3 Sem pera. é,\/c Do ; a r= 3s
Sele Ae Ba) SSS s. | wal wo glee tie
4 : = 2S os Hel (as ici us) ci ee }
} | | al ae Deformation 3s H ae SS 3 & ox iB 4 5
a 7 op z ; pe) (occipital ee i) ose eS iS) Als} id 2
3 3 2 2 FA ae | compression). 38 B Ales Bb ‘a 28/8 ce
S| se as Mee ae Waver | asia |2s3| & | 2 » 4
eel eS oe hee ie ie Aye teen es So. alae es 3S
cm. | cm. | cm. kg. grm.. cm. | cm. | cm.
7622.) 148/3° || 7721 | 71.2 |47. 174 | 318 | None se. 12. 17.8 | 15.3 | 121 | 85.96 | 67.98 | 79.08 | 15.07
763. -| 148.4 | 81.1 | 67.3 | 48.989 | 380 |.__.. domenios: 18.8 | 15.4 | 13.05 | 81.91 | 69.42 | 84.74 | 15.75
764. .| 148.5 | 79.1 | 69.4} 49.669 | 334 |.....do........ 18.3 | 15.4 | 14.2 | 8415 | 77.60 | 92.21 | 15.97
765. .| 148.5 | 79.4 | 69.1 | 44.906 | 302 |_....do.....-.. U7 AT| THIS oe OE Ee ee te cten| e
766. .| 148.5 | 82.9 | 65.6 | 38.556 | 260 |..... douesnes 17.6 | 15.2 | 13.0 | 86.86 | 73.86 | 85.53 | 15.27
767. .| 149.0 | 78.6 | 70.4 | 45.360 | 304 | Slight......-. | C6x4))\(15.10)| 3, 3) Peete |e eave ane 14. 90
768..| 149.0 | 79.1 | 69.9 | 51.710 | 347 | None......... 16.7 | 15.3 | 12.8 | 91.62 | 76.65 | 83.66 | 14.93
769. .| 149.1 | 78.6 | 70.5 | 44.680 | 300 |.....do........ 17.7 | 15.7|135 | 88.70| 76.27 | 85.99 | 15.63
70. .| 149.1 | 80.7 | 68.4 | 40.370 | 271 |..... io eee aes | 17.7 | 15.9 | 12.75 | 89.88 | 72.04 | 80.19 | 15.45
771. .| 149.4 | 80.4 | 69.0 | 46.948 | 314 |._... Gomttes 17.2 | 14.2 | 12.35 | 82.66 | 71.80 | 86.97 | 14.58
72. .| 149.6 | 83.1 | 66.5 | 48.535 | 324 |.__.. do) 16.13
214...) 167.9 | 88.4 | 79.5 | 65.318 | 389 |.._.. QOvseces nee 19.3 | 14.5 | 13.35 | 76.1 | 69.2 | 92.1 | 15.72
215...| 1684} 86.8) 81.6 | 58.061 | 345 Slight sce. ceecs (ERE KOGA GER) egengd bdoecd Soesdee 15. 83
BRDLICK A] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 279
Il. Inpran CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
Tasie 2. Detail measurements: height, weight, head—Continued
(c) PIMA BOYS—Continued
S 3 = Ee Le ‘a at
a |2 d OM ted |W a F &
= 5 Be B ches ania 5 E
a) Hoya Ss ~ me eo oO oo 3 us)
S = Slee a3 Deformation | = F Sy oe : FE E x | EY 5
& & a & e s (occipital com- se 3 3 = a 2 fe 43 2
PiPesPeig les fhe eee a eee) a a ae |e
5 > ~ | 3s So 3D gO} 8 |aho| & | a Ss a
aha (eee ieee es =e |F faye SY tas Oo tm | a )
|
cm. | cm. | cm. kg. \grm.| ° cm. | cm. | cm.
216 ...| 169.5 | 89.6 | 79.9 | 60.782 BOON INOMGis-.5 4. es 18.3 | 14.8 | 18.55 | 80.9 | 74.0 91.6 | 15. 55
217 ...| 169.7 | 90.2 |.79.5 | 55. 566 So tel ate = Gowe sa-eee 17.5 | 14.0 | 13.85 | 80.0 | 79.1 98.9 | 15.12
218 ...} 169.7 | 90.3 | 79.4 | 62.597 Bh Bremer Gok sens} 18.5 | 14.6 13.85 | 78.9 | 74.9 94.9 | 15.65
219 -..| 171.3 | 89.2 | 82.1 | 63.050 SOSh oases Oeste ae 18.9 | 15.5 | 13.5 82.0 | 71.4 87.1 | 15.97
220 ...| 172.0 | 92.6 | 79.4 | 68.040 ale Peabo CKO) Saas BL See alae ate TS SON Gaia ll el Oei 95.5 | 15. 52
(d) PIMA GIRLS
2S He SSA [eae fon ee ele eee eel too a INO TNG etc ao ae en eee [ep tes otal eerie | eee ek I eae (eae er
222 .. COB CAL Mh tea A pee 5 a ay (ee le (6 Ka ie eg hI PS em ee (a a aes le Oe ee
223 | 3 Om eae Eh eel oe, tere | to (WOK Si Ae ky El [ia NI eo tae | eee pe es seers |e aire
224 PGES Ey Ue Fa Se Ae fe (GLa) Ee Ne LN eee ha SA a 0 le eee el [een oer
Fs eh el RRM a i ee) Nera On ae ae Lae eM ry Me ea [ESE 2 Hats
Sapa cll Saya ci tamed ee a a a ies yearn i earth Al ater Woh pecea d
SPF a." Eby gt lle eeeendl ae hag images ae Eo oly sede [osc att aaa Dea eee ei! oe eo ale Se
228 .. C048) Ss | KS as Sal bape al era rN ae CL ce ee eee | A ees | care | ee ee ea ene
DOO Mees el Oconee eliore = cal orci elle ae sellers GXO ee el he Seg al enced Wee ae phe) [SEE Ree [eee eieaat =| Satan
230 107.9 | 59.6 | 48.3 | 18.144 T6SG aes (Choy See 16.6 | 13.3 | 12.0 80.1 | 72.3 90.2 | 13.97
SU STRATOS PRS) a1 eae eet (ieee ea | IEE amen | aera fe Oh Oat Paar | eee call pa eee we | ee en a Oa wb ee AE ee Se
A AOOSGHE Steele etl ee cae epee aes TGR eaten eee aa ae ey 0 Se ae eR
233 ...| 110.2 | 61.2 | 49.0 | 19.051 Waielerce Oko Ee Gseesae 16.5 | 14.4 | 12.9 87.3 | 78.2 89.6 | 14.60
PE YN se [TT E68. A SS (eee | Nt (es G6 Ko \remees se [beacon pes eal be aE air socsaclneesone) Eeesces
235 Te Ui ee oe eel nee Sees es [Een | ene domee eee TPA OD NEVO WAT Petre ota lhe rete Sree fe | oe eeve or |------
230 Tee ULO 2 e see eee a Saline tet = 2 |e (Woes See TOO AS Oh Sa seals | eee RHE ae Mi cee
237 ...| 116.7 | 62.6 | 54.1 | 20. 412 iljlaoese GOees se s52 Ie IST APE) 78.4 | (olen 96.8 ; 14.10
238 . 117.3 | 63.9 | 53.4 | 20. 412 I Ppl eae GOR eae We2 L209) 1205 1 7a0 a 70: 93.4 | 14.05
239 va LA | ee ee |e at eS 2 ey | eo | a ea Os all eee [Etre gare ul ee 8 ea Ure eT | er
DA ie INS. On eee lec eee le oes a RT lene [eee ade oe 58 eeceat al eae en
Syn al ai GCS) epeeoe le ae 1 de oe Fl te 1 hee Loe ea asl ee ge lke | eee |Prewis ao al Sc rent
52. hg Aa 8 a ees ie [ete (ree eel- et Rrra ee ents |e =k os kasd a ak een ea
243 ...| 120.1 | 66.0 | 54.1 | 25.855 pr eee Gone sae Wely | 1338) |} 1229 80.7 | 75.4 | 93.5 | 14.60
244213 1G5..64 |) Dba ie | e4enAO4, | 202 i222 (clo aeee ae 16.8 | 13.1 | 11.65 | 78.0 69.3 88.9 | 13.85
QA5 21) 121.3! | 6457 |, 56.6) 25. 402 COO S es doeeeee 16.9 13. 3) 22) ay || FO 91.7 | 14.13
246 ...| 121.7 | 67.2 | 54.5. | 25. 402 Ze | eee Om aes 17.4 | 14.0 | 12.65 | 80.5 | 72.7 90.4 | 14.68
247 ...| 122.2 | 67.4 | 54.8 | 25.402 | 208 | Slight ........ (algae QUO) (ab ayp Ml eetice allacetes = Ness ae | 14.77
248 ..-| 123.2 | 67.2 | 56.0) | 25.175 204 le INONG = san ee. 16.6 | 13.2 | 12.1 79.5 | 72.9 91.7 | 13.97
249 = .-|| 124.3) | 66.7 | 5726)'| 23.587 1 S27 | pee Goat TE Sw | MRE aP iss Ne7Afetan |) (AS) 98.7 | 14. 42
QO as aa aa ile ml oon eo 030) PAST sess Gore eee: Wat) Loeoul leno 76.3 | 72.9 95.6 | 14. 70
251 ...| 125.4 | 65.5 | 59.9 | 27.670 | 221 | Slight ..:..... (Giz) CIs20)| C2 O)leeesee Resear le oe 3 14. 33
PAPA ol lel 7c) Mees ee Se a oe | EN Ae None = 225-52 UC NMEE Ol Begeee a aoceellscoec Sl hae eels sere
253 .-.| 126.3 | 67.8 | 58.5' | 25.628 DOS eee = GOASs- ne U9 | 13.08| aes 72.6 | 68.7 94.6 | 14.40
254 ...| 126.9 | 69.3 | 57.6 | 26.309 PLA le ese does iets) | eH wSSHy |) yee! || GEE! 92.9 | 14.48
255 ...| 127.0 | 68.0 | 59.0 | 29. 484 PAYA eee Okopae eee 182 1} 1388) | A227 76.2 | 70.2 92.0 | 14.87
256 ..-| 127.7 | 68.3 | 59.4 | 25. 402 LOOM ee GOeseee ese 17.3 | 13.4 | 12.3 Ufo® Malan 91.8 | 14,33
280 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bunn 34
Il. Inp1AN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGEs—Continued
TABLE 2. Detail measurements: height, weight, head—Covtinued
(d) PIMA GIRLS—Continued
Pe Nie a) Head
® | i
Pees ikea a Be lee ge | Se le les eae
g = S| ag &.8 | Deformation an | ox Sa ve Det Nach 8
7 SD LV 3 © | (occipitalcom-| 5S | os | 3s ° g Fics) °
elpceeed seve & |8@| pression). | $5) 58/83) 4 |S] s8 | 3
g jan) | BO | BO Bz 5 moZ | a | £0 ‘eo q
® = = |o v 2 BOs ofa & | Oo o a
rel TESS Piacceee |lse = lf A*)A la So lf | a)
cm. cm. | cm. kg. ‘\grm. Z cm. cm. cm. |
257 ..| 128.1-| 68.2 | 50.9 | 28.577 | 223 | None.......-. 16.7 | 13.8| 12.4 | 8%6| 74.2} 89.9 | 14.30
258 ..| 128.1 | 68.7 | 59.4 | 29.257 | 228 | Slight ........ (17-3) | (1482) G2) eel ee eee 14. 67
259 ...| 128.2 | 69.5 | 58.7 | 27.216 | 212 | None ......... 18.3 | 13.3 | 13.4. | 72.7 | 73.2 | 100.7 | 15.00
260 2.|' 128:7 '|467.16 \-61.1 | 27/916 211 |) 2-.dowe. & 2 18.4 | 13.2] 12.6 | 71.7 | 68.5 | 95.4 | 14.73
Paige |\ ipo Ieee cos eee mn ed ae doe ohec a oh co eee, | see |) ee | ee a
262...) 129.4 | 68.0 | 61.4 | 25.855 | 200 |..... doses sie 17.8 | 13.2] 12.9 | 74.2| 72.5 | 97.7 | 14.63
263 130.3 | 72.3 | 58.0 | 30.391 | 233 |....- doe 17.6 | 13.7| 12.35 | 77.8 | 70.2 | 90.1 | 14.55
264...) 130.5 | 69.4 | 61.1 | 30.618 | 235 |..... dowurate 18.1 | 13.8| 12.85 | 76.2 | 71.0 | 98.1 | 14.92
265 130.6 | 71.7 | 58.9 | 32.206 | 247 |..... Goren aaee 17.3 | 13.6| 12.7 | 78.6 | 73.4| 93.4 | 14.53
QGGie | 3188 | ke. | POE eek He alate ed dok ses | lz=2-| M43) toes lee hls eae
267...) 131.3 | 69.8 | 61.5 | 35.834 | 273 |..... dope tat | 17.0| 13.0] 11.9 | 76.5 | 70.0| 91.5 | 13.97
DER re | PaI 3205) teeeesc Hee ee eae ae La oe owaoas syle shee d eee Seale ot eee ee eee ee
269 ..| 132.3 | 70.4 | 61.9 | 28.577 | 216 |..... dot poe 18.4 | 13.0] 12.9 | 70.6 | 70.1 | 99.2 | 14.77
270 ..| 132.6 | 69.3 | 63.3 | 29.938 | 226 |..... done ase 17.7 | 13.7 | 12.35 | 77.4 | 69.8 | 90.1 | 14.58
271..| 133.3 | 69.5 | 63.8 | 29.030 | 218 |..... dove 117.6 | 13.2 | 12.55 | 75.0 | 71.3 | 9501 | 14.45
Dee STSISS | cer) Ciel WE eee | ede Pees. QOS 2c S| See eS ee en eee
273...) 133.6 | 70.3 | 63.3 | 29.938 | 224 |..... dore.cee 117.5 |139| 12.45 | 79.4 | 71.1 | 89.6 | 14.63
OTA .| 13858)) 7057 063. 14 "88019 | 247A Oosce does: see 1 17.7|13.8| 12.5 | 78.0] 70.6| 90.6 | 14.67
275..| 134.4 | 71.3 | 63.1 | 31.979 | 238 |....- dos }17.2|141] 12.3 | 82.0] 71.5! 87.2 | 14.538
276 ..| 134.5 | 69.1 | 65.4 | 29.030 | 216 |..... domiieees /17.6|14.0| 13.15 | 79.5 | 74.7| 93.9 | 14.99
277 ...| 135.1 | 68.6 | 66.5 | 30.391 | 225 |....- down oe 148.5|141| 13.05| 76.2| 70.5 | 92.6 | 15.22
278..| 135.2 | 72.7 | 62.5 | 39.010 } 289 |_...- doa. 48 117.5|140] 12.8 | 30.0|73.1| 91.4 | 14.43
279..| 185.4) 71.7 | 63.7 | 29. 711 e2k9n| saat dows. 117.6 | 12.8] 12.15 | 72.7 | 69.0] 949 | 14.18
Oaiice |b 135.5: | ae Nieok me Val ea ee |e she Wleeh = pression). SE )8e ist 5 = |5a| 28 A
sj H ; eR |e | 2 |S Ha |s |mee| 4 |= |e | 4
a fae a SS ao|S |sbo| 2 i/o | @ a
ol Sen ale ee ee E |e Be Ao |e Se es Ss)
cm. cm. | em. kg. |\grm. cm. | cm. cm.
302 . 140.2 | 74.4 | 65.8 | 37.649 | 268 | None. ........ 17.0 | 13.8 12.55 | 81.2) 73.8 | 90.9 | 14.45
303 . 141.4 | 71.3 | 70.1 | 34.043 | 241 |..... GO recesses 17.6 | 14.2 13.0 | 80.7 | 73.9 | 91.5 | 14.93
304 . 142.1 | 72.8 | 69.3 | 33.113 | 333 |.-... Goma sss 17.6 | 14.0 12.65 | 79.6 | 71.9 | 90.5 | 14.75
305 ..| 142.3 | 74.7 | 67.6 | 43.546 | 206 |.---- choy See 18.4 | 13.9 | 12.9 75.5 | 70.1 92.8 | 15.07
306 ..| 142.4 |! 76.2 | 66.2 | 36.288 | 255 |..... oXo oemeeets © 18.9 | 14.0 | 13.6 VST ATE Oa ee G7 Le 15.50
307 . 142.9 | 74.5 | 69.4 | 39.010 | 273 |..-..- don asc 17.6 | 13.8 | 12.95 | 78.4 | 73.6] 93.8 | 14.78
308 - PASH GS Pe tete alee ac ae seme oc teres alae ee (0 Ko eS oc VTS ASN VASO) a3 22 oe: |e cui s|laaenee|t seat ce leeco ss
309 . 143.8 | 76.5 | 67.3 | 43.092 | 299 |.-.-- GOx a5 USEON W3E Ss) 12295) |) 76.7, 71.9 | 93.8 | 14.92
310. 144.0 | 74.4 | 69.6 | 45.360 | 315 |.---- Goss tase 18.4 | 13.8 13515 | 7650) |) 74.5 |) 9553) | 15.12
Sh ee Coal 80.6 | 63.5 | 43.115 | 299 |... -- dos s-co22= 17.8 | TSS8h |) QTE 77260 | Te Bale 92545) 14578
312 ..| 144.2 | 76.7 | 67.5 | 41.300 | 286 |.-..- dopeet er 16.9 | 13.6 12.6 | 80.6 | 74.6 | 92.6 | 14.37
313...| 144.3 | 76.0 | 68.3 | 41.504 | 288 |..--- GOs ise 17.6) 13858 |. 12.5 78.4 | 71.0 | 90.6 | 14.63
314...) 144.3 | 76.0 | 68.3 | 40.824 | 283 |.--..- donwasasae 18.3 | 14.0 | 18.25 |) 76.5 | 72.4) 94.6 + 15.18
315. 144.9 | 74.9 | 70.0 | 39.010 | 269 |...-- domacn see 17. 5 a 12.8 | 80.6 | 73.1 90.8 | 14. 80
316..| 144.9 | 76.4 | 68.5 | 39.939 | 276 |.-.--- Goss (Gal | 14.2 12.75 | 83.0 | 74.6] 89.8 | 14.68
317 - 145.3 | 78.3 | 67.0 | 45.360 | 312 |-...-. Gorse 22 45 17.8 | 13.5 13.3 75.8 | 74.7 | 98.5 | 14.87
318 145.3 | 74.7 | 70.6 | 40.824 | 281 |.---- GO so22 cet 17.5 | 13.5 12.55 | 77.1 | 71.7 | 93.0 | 14. 52
319 . 145.6 | 77.3 | 68.3 | 43.999 | 302 |.-.-- Goi se cee= USk65 |) 454 SSG 774 iio 94.4 | 15.53
320 . 145.7 | 76.9 | 68.8 | 43.092 | 296 |----- doy fasmeee 18.0 | 13.5 13.0 76.0 | 72.2 | 96.3 | 14.83
Bo (pee best Gaetan bese Ne hie see (Rs ae doeete. 1S ied oe GIR Sates cease eR RIE oP tet
322 . 146.0 | 74.9 | 71.1 | 47.174 | 323 |...-.- Gowe.cs 552 17.4 | 13.7 | 12.85-| 78.7% 71.0 | 90.1 | 14.48
323 . Te 1 ty | a eee ree eee eee dons ceess WEAN ISS Shilgso8 Sen elloo secs! lsancs 4 \Scqssealpabape
324 . 146.2 | 79.1 | 67.1 | 43.115 | 295 |.--.-- Goesatsect 18. 4 13.9 | 13.15 | 75.5 | 71.5) 94.6 | 15.15
325 - 146.7 | 76.9 | 69.8 | 39.939 | 272 |....- Oly ee aaeee 17.6 | 13.6 | 12.6 | 77.8 | 71.6 | 92.6 | 14.60
326 . 146.9 | 77.6 | 69.3 | 43. 546 | 298 |_.-.-- Goes -tsese 17.0 | 14.6 13.05 | 85.9 | 76.8 | 89.4 | 14.88
327 . 147.2 | 78.9 | 68.3 | 43.546 | 296 |...-. QO sans P2352 1229 76.7 | 75. 0 97.7 | 14. 43
328 - 147.5 | 76.6 | 70.9 | 45.814 | 311 |.---- (0 (OSes 18.2 | 14.0 12.5 76.9 | 68.7} 89.3 | 14.90
329 ..| 147.8 | 80.2 | 67.6 | 47.651 | 322 |...-- Gowec ess 17.8 | 14.4) 13.1 80.9 | 73.6 | 91.0} 15.10
330..| 148.3 | 75.0 | 73.3 | 40.370 | 272 | Some ......... (17. 4)|(14.9)| (12.9) |..---- lie ae epee 15.07
331 . T4804 7Os2! || 78220 |r4Adotls=|—290"| Nome: 2. - 225. 18.6) 13.9 | 12.8 74.7 | 68.8 | 92.1 | 15.10
332.., 148.7 | 78.5 ; 70.2 | 48.104 ; 324 |..... Goea esses 17.6 | 13.6] 12.9 77.3 | 73:3 | 94.8 | 14.70
333 - 148.8 | 78.8 | 70.0 | 48.104 | 323 |.-.-- Go ee cute 17.5 | 14.1 | 13.55 | 80.6 | 77.4 96.1 | 15.05
334 148.9 | 79.4 | 69.5 | 48.989 | 329 Ba OWe= aces V7.2 | 14.2 | 12.9 | 82.6] 75.0| 90.8 | 14.77
335 . 149. 2 | 84.8 | 64.4 | 56.700 | 380 |-.-.--- Gomme Sos" 19.3 | 13.9 | 13.95 | 72.0 | 72.3 | 100.4 | 15.72
336 - 149.6 | 78.5 | 71.1 | 44.929 | 300 |.---- dot. tec ae. 18.6|140] 12.6 75.3 | 67.7 | 90.0 | 15.07
337 . 149.6 | 78.7 | 70.9 | 38.102 | 255 |..--- dorveetas: 17.7 | 14.4] 13.15 | 81.4 | 743] 91.3 | 15.08
338 - 149.6 | 81.8 | 67.8 | 56.723 | 379 |...-- dontaas-<5 18.7 | 149] 13.55 | 79.7 | 72.5} 90.9 | 15.72
339 - TAQ NS eva sere, || eee ci eter NG |e icyell bo lade Goresees IEG) Pes), aeeen ee Aas cocare Srp onre erroe
340 . 150.2 | 82.8 | 67.4 | 47.174 | 314 |_-.-.. Goes sence 18.3 | 13.8 12.95 | 75.4 | 70.8 | 93.8 | 15.02
341 _.| 150.2 | 81.8 | 68.4 | 55.362 | 368 |..--- OW s5anc8-- 17.4) 140) 13.1 | 80.5 | 75.3] 93.6 | 14.83
342. 150.7 | 81.0 | 69.7 | 50.350 | 334 |..--- (O Korea 18.1 | 14.0} 13.05 | 77.3 | 72.1 93.2 | 15.05
343 | 1G OST Sees seo ter ne Gur Ise ae ree One aeee TSAOL ISO ER. ess see jas = |pjaiai=)s| 2am 2] = mi
344 | 151.0 | 81.6 | 69.4 | 47.174 | 312 }...-- Gomeceesse IMEC) eae 13.3 79.7 | 75.1 |. 94.3 | 15.03
345 - 151.0 | 78.1 | 72.9 | 48.558 | 322 |..... doy226-2 TS 2aLav aa AQT a FOS GON Sal 88u20lulon10
BY Sel) “UGG? ee oeeclocccnd Snnqadde toabdloaoua! Onoda meiell ol Meibill) L 4c) il aivisialvinivielssiv'visinleivielyicieleis.vieiv.eisl sieiy/vie'
282
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[ BULL. 34
Il. InpraAn CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 2. Detail measurements: height, weight, head—-Continued
(d) PIMA GERLS—Continued
| Record no.
ischia
sub
(a-b).
(a) Height.
$ | (b) Height (sitting).
| Height
oo
is
i=)
oo
ir
oo
oy | Head
4 al es ho ales re} Ss
2 suje ise | ale |= |e
= Deformation Be YS itch sym (ersten pera fan or I
oe a Hl HM | So 3 at =o | 25 I
lias et (occipital com-| 5° 2 E ag 2 es A 9
ere t= = pression). SH | o Beh | "a pastel erate! =
| [B® | bo ge 8 | ooo | s -\'p Bh a
enor hm | ao|S oHa| & 13 D a
aaa a@|a |f SH ean
kg. \grm. em em cm.
54.455 | 359 | None......... 16.8 | 141] 13.35 | 83.9|-79.5| 947 | 14.75
ole 25 73 3vul | eee GO. ascasee 17.8) |) 1383: 1259) || 745781072) 591) 97200] s14s67,
48. 535 | 319 |..--- dota eae 17.2} 140] 12.6 | 8f.4| 73.3] 90.0 | 14.60
44.453 | 292 |.__.. dowe-eeere 18.0|14.4] 13.3 | 80.0| 73.9] 92.4 | 15.23
57,607) 19878) (ee ee domcese 17.9 | 14.6 | 12.85 | 8f.6| 71.8] 88.0 | 15.12
53.525 | 350 |....- doesn 17.1|140]| 12.7 | 81.9 | 74.3| 90.7 | 14.60
BT-607 | 877 |-b=22 doaeaneeee 18.0) 14.2] 13.25] 789] 73.6| 93.3 | 15.15
ce Ae gach ae overs = cre | 71S 7 Lage Nae a8 eo ee | ee er
| 71.691 | 467 |....- domeeaiee 17.8 | 14.6] 13.35 | 82.0 | 75.0| 91.4 | 15.25
58.061 | 378 |....- (Glipeseee 18.1| 14.5] 13.25 | 80.1 | 73.2] 91.4 | 15.28
BIe25 7 S33 |seeee donsaaete 17.0| 140] 12.4 | 82.3 | 72.9| 88.6 | 14.47
55.793 | 363 |..--- dos aaes 18.8 | 142] 13.1 | 75.5 | 69.7| 92.2 | 15.37
ye Yentgel|oe aa Joe eed O eeee ses ete WISER a1 8a el 24Or evde De eA anise 0
| 41.300 | 269 |....- domeetnes 18.2|13.7| 13.5 | 75.3] 742| 98.5 | 15.13
| 46.267 | 301 |....- doukecases 18.4 | 14.4] 13.4 | 783 | 72.8} 93.1 | 15.40
BOSS72 nszTeteeeee dots ace Sil sl st4-10y)| eS eee oe rete all eae asss5
St oe ee eae ds nee aires lene hc Meters eo ee |e ele nn
44,022 | 286 |....- donee 18.4/14.0] 12.45 | 76.1 | 67.7] 88.9 | 14.95
Bete RS ae Modérate-2..-|(16:9)| (4:8) see, a2 eles: 2c. eee eee
62; 143°] 402 | None...--.--- 17.8 | 14.6 | 13.3. | 82.0) 74.7) 91.1 | 15:23
47.651 | 309 |...-- donee 18.1 | 14.8| 13.6 | 81.8 | 75.1| 91.9 | 25.50
60.329 | 389 |..... dont ae 18.4 | 14.6] 14.0 | 79.3| 761] 95.9 | 15.67
| 46.743 | 302 |2...- domereetse 18.0|14.0| 13.3 | 77.8 | 73.9| 95.0 | 15.10
46. 743 | 301 |..--- dome esos 17.4/ 13.8] 12.45 | 79.3] 71.5| 90.2 | 14.55
| 67.609 | 436 |..... doeercee 18.6 | 14.0] 13.4 | 75.3 | 72.0] 95.7 | 15.33
| 54. 432 | 351 |...-- dorentas% 18.8 14.0| 13.5 | 74.5 | 71.8] 96.4 | 15.43
IPAOROTONI ESOT ee seed Oneee o-ee 188 143] 13.5 | 76.1 | 71.8) 944 | 15.53
Fase AL erred Rha LO) 58 bcais|p 1726 4] NANO |e eae
Ae ae reed eS @Oqaaeoece| 13.6 | Cy eee tere eee Sele
sore Fes |eaes een GOS se. 52a] 1826 (| M4eS eee |e eee | ee
54, 432 | 349 |....- Ghesae eee 18.2] 13.7 | 12:7 | 75.8 | 69:8) 92.7 | 14:87
btemOn| 33ilae ae dowswse 18.2 | 140] 12.751 76.9 | 70.1] 91.1 | 14.98
| 61.690 | 395 |....- Go neeee 18.2 | 14.7] 13.65 | 90.8 | 75.0] 92.9 | 15.52
56.246 | 358 |....- doce 17.0 | 15.0] 13.0 | 88.2 | 76.5 | 86.67) 15.00
61.259 | 390 |.2 22. donee 16.8 | 15.0] 12.9 | 89.3 | 76.8] 86.0 | 14.90
| 58.991 | 374 |..... does ee 17.9 | 142] 13.3 | 79.8) 743| 93.7 | 16.13
See eral ee GO = iye st RUSSIAN OI Sa aS ER ae
61.259 | 382 |....- doy eee 19.5 | 144] 13.9 | 73.8| 71.3] 96.5 | 15.98
56.246 | 350 |...-- doe teem 18.1] 140} 13.1 | 77:3) 72:4) 93.6 | 15:07
ee ee oe ee JOR tae 1G eCss fall ae eee seal = alle ae eee Re
ips Jee nies lose dO ee 17.7/14.5| 13.1 | 81.9|74.0| 90.3 | 15.10
| 70.308 | 429 |..... dose ete 187/138] 139 | 73.8| 74.3 | 100.7 | 15.47
60. 329 |. 367 |...-- does 18.0 | 15.0 | 13.25 | 83.3 | 73.6 | 88.3| 15.42
Sage ee cab ass lo 22-8. | aM ee 9 | ecee ce ee eee |e
HRDLICKA]:
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
283
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGEs—Continued
TABLE 3. Face measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature; force
(a) APACHE BOYS
Face. Physiological data.
; Diam- Tem- Force.
Record no. Tenens pier bi-| Facial Ti f da yulie Peta see Pressure.
ton-na- etleig indore ors a ee te) (sit- | (sub | Trac-
sion). | max. ting) lin- | Right | Left | tion.
gua). | hand. | hand. |
em. cm. oi. kg. kg. kg.
CO en aaa eon soooscod seangecd secedsbe Hsueh 56a0c 110 iP ee Saqceon |boccDoeel bc. ssecce lapaaseee
CO Ree eect) Bee Sare Hemera aemerree VO 20a ye 84 Dah ae Sate a l'S otsrs creer: | cisetse, cheval rareroje ole
BT arm tints sinie a (ee re ce | Sater et | peers ups Wl ainccs- 92 732} iS BORE SCO bOeE BE Sane oc] See
ADS foe sew cicelle ene cob lise aite-a| Seteans hs WLO ip ena se 104 Diet cep eal le asrateratote | eile cae ool else ere wie
450 Sossimnre ene 8.7 MLSS! merseion |e lcLONP ote) 78 22 99.7 4.0 3.5 0.5
AGO SSS ese e 9.0 TZ AOS | e220) sek ear = 78 20 99.8 3.0 Ou ONe es secaee
46 Tree. bees 9.4 12.0 78.33 ORE nate eaege 94 22 99.3 5.0 4.0 1.0
AGQNSs asce 9.0 A2EAS| ec o6- |e LO) Seattle ays e a (136) (32)| (101.5) 5.0 2.5 0.5
AOS ee eames 9.1 12.6 Ueeee) |\P2ro0) De Wl = ae a (102) 21 99.6 6.0 6:00|Eoeeeece
AO dea eae 9.3 ges || CHEE || al japan ae Benes a (128) (26); (100.8) 6.5 4.5 1.0
AGRE ay ees 9.5 1254 eyGnGie) le 50 ps miesse ce 78 22 99.5 4.5 AOS Bee as
406% = eee 9.0 12.4 12208))||-9'50)a). Tle == 2 92 18 99.4 5.0 3e0b | 220)
AGT ore er tse 9.6 TQSOO 742) |e led Sepecmse eee 80 21 99.9 9.5 S20 eo
AGB eee 9.1| 12.6] 72.22! 1.20p.m......| a (140) (24)| (101.2)} 7.5 7.5 | 0.5
C10) ake cae 9.5 TSEON 7S: O8F| 1225p. ames. 54. 90 19 99.9 8.0 6.5 | 0.5
C\Q)te eo Bae 10.0 13.3 | 75.19 | 9.45 a. m.._..- 66 24 99.7 8.5 6.0 1.0
Vig ek Pie toes QS 127. ear Sat) AeA: ames Se a(132)} (26)| (401.3)| 8.5 (iatasal ees ee.
AD aces omnia 9.6 12.8 75.00 | 3.30 p.m | 72 22 98.7 10.0 9.5 3.0
AT Se emencas 9.4 12.4] 75.81 | 10.40 a.m-..... | 80 2 98.9 10.0 8.5 2.5
BAG ae tne 9.7 ieyal U4205)) 10a Me ee | 72 18 98.8 14.0 10.5 2.0
Tainan hs CE SE URED RY in ome reveal a (90) 20 | (100.0)| 8.5 6.5| 2.5
AT Oe tes oe ce 10.7 DSE2/ SLOG te 10230; a). masse 22 64 18; (96.2) 10.0 sone ee.
AMMlscscn cece 9.6 13.2 | 72.73 |_10.10 a.m 75 17 98.2 13.0 12.5; 5.0
y fe epaee ee Seer 9.7 IZEG) |) 26.98) | 4.35 p.m... 72 22 98.9 15.0 {ORB a220
AID Se Be anime oie 9.9 TSSON ashe Oto0 amma a 74 22 (96. 2) 12.0] 10.0 5.5
AROS. SS. ewer 9.8 SEZs Meee raleulaps aes = 8 ok 2 73 20 98.4 12.0 10.5 3.5
48m Sc seeese 10.1 12297 ee29) |b o0la ma =| 72 18 98.9 12.0 11.0 5.0
ee See 9.3 LOE Nert Gave! |h Lie cOka cms Sar 66 20 99.0 15.5 1650) |) "720
ABS Se eee ON 12.8 | 76.78 | 9.05 a.m...-.- 66 20 99.3 16.0 15.0 3.5
CV mee 9.8| 13.0] 75.88 | 11.35a.m....- | @(96)} (23)| (99.9) (9.0)) (8.0); (0.5)
ASD eee see = re 9.7 US On 7462") V5" aa: 222: 72 24 99.4 13.0 11.0 1.0
Ar ee 10.2 | 13-1) 77.86 | 11.058. m..... 84 22} 99.7| a(8.0)| (7.5)| (1.0)
427 eee: SL TOG Hae Oewnine es ee | @(96) Moov | ABs io TED @
ASO i een eee 9.7 DISS 7/ | dO O Ne) (la Ven ses Fes wa 72 16 97.6 12.0 10.0 4.0
ARG aco e oer 9.7 ASSO ede Goa i LOLsO hae mas - == 72 18 99.6 17.5 15.5 | 3.0
490 See een 9.7 13.8 | 70.29 | 10.20a.m....- 66 18 | 99.1 14.0 11.0| 4.0
49 ease ease 10.4 ASSO iO |) LOND tals See- 78 21 99.3 14.5 14.0 8.0
AQ? saan See 9.8 ISOM eee) Ros AD Perle ses a 84 24 | (100.3) 15.0 14.5 2.0
CO eon ae 10.4 EON SO aOe |e 9) tertile se ae 72 19 99.3 15.5 | 015.5 2.5
AO 4 ace meee 9.8 IBEOM eZee hI eh scares 66 21 99.2 10.5 8.5 6.5
AOS So amar 9.7 TOS on Meee on ele ON senile 2c 84 18 98.0 13.5 13.5 6.0
496 boo eee eles 9.5 13.6 | 69.85 | 11.40a.m....- 82 16 98.7 15.0 | 12.0 7.0
AQT eae ene 10.0 BES | Ve MBO ER rtise see 66 17 98.9 14.0 | 13.5 1.0
4QR ere te oe 10.3 L2ESMNSO. 47 Ne 2.oo0p' I= Sa). = a (96), 20 | (100.6) 14.0! 13.5 6.0
a Not in fully normal condition; for additional details see tables on p. 299 et seq.
6 Right-handed.
284
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[BULL. 34
II. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 3. Face measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature;
force—Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Face. Physiological data.
: | Tem- ; Force.
P Diam- c
Record no. ‘Cans pied Di-) Facial Ti aaa pale ation cael Pressure.
fonenac| ie Oo oe Winder: |(-oen. oe tee (sit- | (sub Trac-
sion). | thax. ting). | lin- | Right | Left | tion.
gua). | hand. | hand.
em. cm. oi. Uf P| len 1 tons kg.
499... <2= aoe 10.1 13. 5)|| a4 Slalio: Os aden = ale 72 | 24 99.8 15.0 13.0 6.0
BOOK 22. bases 10.1 1352) |) 76..02.)|"9:40)a. ames 72 20 98.1 12.0 11.0 5.0
G0) SS ase 9.7 13:2:| 73.48, |-4.25 p- mi. =... - a (104) (22)| (99.5) 16.0 15.0 7.0
ONZE ser sees 10.0 12.4} 80.65 | 9.20 a.m-...... 66 16 rise} 13.0 12.0 7.0
OS aeras ee 10.7 TS onl eo neo (eller smaere ere ac. 78 22 98.1 13.5 12.5 11.5
O04 ee eeces-: 9.6 TSI he Wioterzey | WOES IS sane sec 68 16 99.0 14.5 8.5 2.0
Ga) See bomone 10.0 13.6 | 78.63 | 9.20 a.m-...... 7 19 99.3 16.5 15.5 5.0
GN De eset sees | 10.2 13.3 | 76.69 | 10.15 a.m..... 80 17 99.5 15.0} 14.5 7.0
7s eure ete Lal) Rey) GRAS || Brow saeaae a (90) (15)} 99.7] 14.5) 145 5.5
BOSS sac: I 9.0) 1209) |" 96 94 '| Alas p.m... 78 17} 99.5] 14.0] 12.5 5.0
Ee Sep ee aaese 10.0 13.0 | 76:92 | 8.50 a. m-...-.- 78 16 99.3 16.5 | 16.5 7.0
B10 Ss. = sees 9.7 132 5i|) adeehal ol. oO saan e ne a (96) 20 (99. 8) 15.5 14.5 2.5
Dd sees 9.7 1354 Ne W589" | elvan ae een 72 18 99.3 17.0 14.5 6.0
iD aaa eae | 10.0 13.6 | 73.53 | 10.30 a.m..... 72 17 98.8 14.0 14.0 5.0
iG Ree eeaeeae | 9.6 1226), V65195| "4. loupe aoe 72 16 98. 5 13.5 9.5 4.0
O14 es eee: 10.1 Tee ftol!O | itp ele 5 geese 78 21 99.3 10.5 10.5 2.5
3) Se ese 10. 4 DES) Sil eos | Ole. Teeter es 78 19 97.3 17.0 15.0 | 5.5
OG. asec 9.6 13.6 | 70.59 | 10.45 a. m...-. 75 20 98. 5 16.0 15.0 5.5
OURS aaeeee 10.5 URE EY |e the ero omame SS 72 16 98.8 14.5 | 014.5 12.0
DSS. S25 cee 10.0 13.4 | 74.63 | 8.40 a.m.._..- 70 24 99.3 16.0 15.0 6.0
ee cerBonde 10.7 13.9 | 76.98 | 2.40 p.m.-..... 78 24 98.8] 13.0] 513.0 2.0
DEO so aiecidere 9.9 13.0 | 76.15 | 11.40 a.m-.---- 78 (14) 98. 2 14.0 13.5 4.0
77d) ee aes 10. 2 12.8 | 79.69 | 2.45 p. m..---- 72 16 99. 1 14.0 | 014.0 3.5
2 7 ee 10. 4 1S SAS SiiiOle| 2200.) EN= = 66 16 99.6 17.0 16.5 7.5
BABE soos, siersmic 9.3 SS SEN I EELS || Ail oe sete 67 17 99.5 | - 17.0 | 14.5 w5
es os Sai 10.5 13.8:|' 762.09) | 2%p.mi2.=---- 58 16 99.2 | 13.0 | ¢17.0 9.0
Bens = A eee 10.5 13.8 | 76.09°| 3:30\p. m...--- 66 22 99.3 | 19.0 17.0 | 10.5
D2. = selcic 10. 4 AS SD I Wie C4 JO Olam 72 18 99.8 17.0 | 17.0 7.0
Dover Ses cet 9.9 1352, | 76.000) -210\ip. mee. so. a (90) 20 99.8 17.5 | 15.0 5.0
BOS nae erate 10.4] 13.8] 75.86 | 12.45p.m..... a (90) (24)} (99.9)| 16.0] 15.0 2.0
bya) Shape aes 10.6 1335) |/=976. Oe sek aie ee ee 66 23 99.3 16.0 | ¢18.0 eid:
6p, URE aaeaa ee 10.3 14.1] 78.05 | 2.45 p.m..--.-- 72 21 98.9 13.5 10.0 3.0
Go Serta iiGal ASTON Ros 2Ou ee SONp same eee a (84) (22)| (100.2)} 17.5 16.0 10.0
Doe ses. see ee 10.1 TSISHe es lou| el 20 sp senna 62 | 20 99.4 19.0 14.5 5.5
Odes sec «age LORGH gel Ss7|| ery AO lal POND EE eens 84 20 98. 7 24.5 20. 0 9.5
OS4E, Shee ese his) 13.9 | 70.50 | 1.40 p.m.--..-- 61 18 99. 4 17.0 13.0 10.5
He See eee 10.5 13.4 || 78586 || 1.40ip. m------ 7. 18 99.4 20.5 16.0 7.0
5365. 2204 ae 9.5 13.8 | 68.84 | 4.35 p.m-..-.--- 72 18 99. 2 19.0 18.0 5.5
BOT ERR? ard 10.3] 13.6] 75.74 | 12.45 p.m..-.. a (78) (24)| (100.4)| 16.0 | - 13.5 8.0
HS8eea. al seas 10.4 13.9\| 74.82 | 12.55 p.m-_--_- a (82), (16)| (100. 2) 15.0 14.5 6.5
DSO eee scene Ont tl Skill) “7058083 40sp meee. 66 16 98.9 15.0 14.5 6.0
O4ON Ss se8sc.2 10.9 13.4) 81.34 | 2.30 p. m.----- 80 20 99.2 19.0 14.5 6.5
Balin sents Ss 10540 |) 139451 979461.) PStAn as nes a (96) (26)| (100. 4)| 19.0 | 20.0 7.0
aNot in fully normal condition; for additional details see tables on p. 299 et seq.
6 Right-handed.
¢e Left-handed.
HRDLICK A] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 285
II. InpraAn CHILDREN. oF APPROXIMATED AGEs—Continued
Taste 3. Lace measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature,
Jorce—Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Face. Physiological data.
E Diam- _ | Tem- Force.
Hecate ee ca Beer bi- Facial Ti fday Pulse Eton fare Pressure. oa.
| ton-na- eee iiavelexe, || SPA OL Xekaye tog). (sit- | (sub Se oprace
| sion). | mmax. ting). lin- | Right | Left | tion.
gua). | hand. | hand.
em. cm. See kg. kg. ig.
DAD eee ee 10. 2 T3NON os Solel Operon ee | 72 18 99.4 18.5 15.5 6.0
O43 a ee 11.3 V4AZOn SOL e210. Ms. s- 2. | 54 19 98.9 19.0 18.5 12.0
i ee hee RORGr |S 194} t7910. 1-1 S5qp. ms (84) 1G.[2° O8sOn SHR) FASO 7.0
ii eS 11,2 14.1 Ton s\ol Olaemoee 2 te 66 16 99.0 20.0 16.5 6.0
bie |g er ae 10.8 13.4 80760") L.55 pi. 2-2: 72 22 99.3 17.0 | 217.0 12.0
be 9.9 13.7 igsCOnl=2-d0i aT eee | 78 19 99.5 Wo: 17.0 10.0
o465 2. 2a 10.6 13.1 80.92 | 9.10 a. m...__. | 66 16 98.3 17.5 | @18.0 10.0
54952. 2 10.3 13.1 PAB IN 33 Sti eee 72 16 99.1 16.0 14.5 10.0
SOF. 5. 10.7 14.3 V4o-|| 145; aomMes. 2. 49 22 98.8 16:05)) 15.5 8.0
1 Ne eae 10.6] 14.1 | 76.18] 10.10a.m..... 66 LGuheeaGOuss | <2 1Q80ni = 30" |e gee
PAE ae ete ree 9.8 13.8 TANG | Teas ope pene it 20 98. 3 L7S08s< 142.0 10.5
La See 10.5 13.3 782.99: | 3:10 pom. 32: 7 16 98.8 20.0 | 220.5 10.0
bay. eee eee 10.7 13.7 Misael OMe Tel aeerrye eeee ee 660 (15)} (97.6) 18.0 15.0 13.0
DO peepee 10.6 13.6 77. 94 | 11.45 Deeads ee ae 66 17 98.8 1755 17.0 2.0
HOO ne as ene 10. 4 13.6 76.47 | 10.40 a.m..... 66 18 98. 7 19.0 18.0 10.5
BOs. eee 10.0 13.7 UASEDN OID) opiate eee 68 18 98. 4 25. 0 20. 5 16.0
ice epee ee 10.75|.. 140" 76.48") 3p. m--...-2. 63 19} 985| 225] 180 15.5
559- - - oea-e-- 10.6 14.4 73.61 | 10.45. m..... | 78 18 97.6 18.0 13.0 8.0
MON ceases 10.9 13.9 78.42 | 10.15 a. m....- b75 16 97.5 18. 0 16.5 12.0
cy Le a ey ae 10. 4 14.0 74. 29 \ U4 ae m2 52 | 72 17 97.7 25. 0 19.0 11.0
O6225 25 eke 10.9 1ASO TSG tl Olan ss". 54 15 98. 1 24.0 21.5 10.0
SESE pre ctee 11269) /13-5¢-'$5.95" | 11.30.a,m-...- 70 D0 98165 |= -2les ie) 1620 18.5
OOS Saas ee 10.8 13.5 | 80.00 | 9.45a.m_-_.... 64 16 97.0 23.0 16.5 8.0
OGDee meee ee 10.5 13.6 77, a1 | LO 15am 2s 66 18 99. 2 22. 5 19.0 12.0
566 See sssee RO. 1457 ROMTOR STO) seein ae 70 17 99. 3 17.5 15.5 13.5
BOTS ae eees 10.8} 14.3] 76.52 | 11.40a.m..... 57 15 98290 21500) 1955 13.0
a eae 10.1") 14:0.) 72.24 .| 2.35:p; m.<_... 72 19| 984] 240] «25.0 15.5
O69 esas aes 10.7 13.3'} 80.46 | 8.30 a.m...... (84) 18 99. 1 28.5 24.0 9.5
LOM es aes cie 11.6 TAN SolelyLe) Gian mt. =. 002 70 18 99. 2 21.5 20. 5 18.0
YAS momar Ni Gal 14.6 76.03 | 10.50 a.m....- 63 13!) 9829 24.5 22.5 16.5
Masses sae. 10.7 14.1 76.89 | 9.45 a. m._..-.- 66 18 98.9 29.0 23.5 12.5
ie ee 11.2| 14.2) 78.87 | 12.40p.m....- b(84)| (22)| (99.7)| 21.0] 19.5 14.5
STA X veces 10.2 13.3 | 76.69 9.201 ae Me oa 670 16 98. 7 23.0 20. 0 17.0
DTDs. aceite 11.4 1326: ieso-82) | 11 20)a mie. 72 14 98. 7 29.0 23.5 13.0
LY(eeesae en -c G2 14.2 WOISt) sl Olea esate e 78 20 | (101. 2) 27.0 25.5 14.0
{i Pm Se or 11.4 14.6 78.08 | 9.20a.m...... 78 20 98. 8 23.0 | 226.0 12.0
Liffey aee meses = EOF 1420) 78.67 | 9.40 a. m...... 66 16 | 98. 7 23. 0 21.0 15.0
by (Sea ete ubreAL CT i era as bt Lif en 00 oe eee 60 20; 99.4 |e 27.0 24. 5 18.0
580 esas eee 1a, 13.6 | $82.35 | 11.20a.m..... 66 TS ORE CREO 21.0 14.5
Ho) eee ES 14.7 Uren || PAB Woy hte sees 70 16 97.9 25.15 23.0 13.5
DOLE: Ss aasRe8 10.0 USGS alee WOyLos|\.9230)8. Iason 69 21 98. 5 22.0 18.5 | 10.0
Oo eee uate ears 10.9 TSROn ue oorece tle lO) Ps Mees ce 63 18 98. 8 33.0 27.0 25. 5
5845-2223. 22 10 eal LAIR ei Gals leelOl40 asnmle see. |b (60) (16)! (97.1) 24.0 18.5 8.0
a Right-handed.
+ Not in fully normal condition; for additional details see tables on p. 299 et seq.
286
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[BULL. 34
Il. InpIan CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 3. Face measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature;
force
Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Face. Physiological data.
ea _ | Tem- Force.
Hecond ne. eae eter bi Facial Ti : Pulse Ss are Pressure.
ton-na- ee index. | Time of day. tee (sit- | (sub Trac-
SION) >| hax. “| ting). | lin- | Right | Left | tion.
gua). | hand. | hand.
em. cm. SHOE kg. kg. kg.
BSbuee sc see L1i2e)) WSs 78.82) 1.85 psa Ss ~78 23| 99.7| 25.5] 24.5 18.0
BS aan eee W1a3a\" TAs0sy 80) 719.90 asa 2 = 78 94 | 98295) 2800/5 25.5 16.0
BRT oe ses U2ale 1B4Oz|eSOs68n\ 1 AStpsan es =. a72 24) 99.7] 325] 28.0 18.5
BR peer a LOHSH | W182 Sele 78265 [P1035 ps ee-. 54 TS asoaee ee 31.0] 28.0 20.5
Begnece. eR | PNAS GIS ep recta a (86) 20| 99.5] 33.0] 280 12.5
SOURCES ae WE Sel. Vasey 7798-11990 asm. 2. 70 19} 99.6) 325] 037.5 22.0
pot ese 12.0 | 14895|0 845 51-|' 10:20/a,ams oe 78 | 18} 99.0) 22.0] ¢ 22.5 14.0
BODE bee oeeal’ TS SVAN (88510) 9.55 p.m... a (84), 18| 98.9] 23.5] ¢24.5 14.0
HOSReA co ae 1159/5 14a 84.4008: 3hia. messes. 70 22 99.2} 31.0 25.5 14.5
ey 11.2 | 13.9| 80.58 | 910a.m...... 78 | 18] 99.0] 38.0] 33.5 24.0
BOS teaeeeae 11.1 14.8| 75.00 | 1.35p.m...-:. 66 | 19} 98.5| 37.0] 35.0 23.0
BOGE au eeey TOPO ee GE: GGEP | spores a Soe 72 | IEF cae Ssh BYE Od BRAC 19.5
BO aes soe ste|) 12ND Sle = 456i S500 eo 60; memes see 62 18} 98.8) 32.0] ¢34.0 22.0
Ge swees Sia TV SHS M1As5 leo 27499h 4 pean soe 60 18: |), 9835 [0315 20 20.5
BOOUs Wee TONY 18258 Sl 8e 2.45 piami-2 25. POs © 2C14)|_ 98590" 3750) 1380s earooRs
600. Ae SUE Gale yl4eou|erete Goes eee ac esos @ipa| Eee | 35.5| 35.0 | 18.0
COM ee se WG lies Taran S80) 06.1, 3:20 pee meee 66 | 22| 98.9} 39.0} 240.0 15.5
602. ; 12.0] 14.4| 83.83 | 4.25 p.m... 69 19} 99.1 | 30.0] 27.0 12.0
603s. ostos 11.6 | 145] 80.00 | 415 p.m-..---- 72 16/ 988] 40.5] 387.5 20.0
G04 Se notes 11.6) 146) 79.45 | 2.45p.m....-- 78 14° |) 99418) <3150) 427.0 23.0
GOS soe TI Sile. WA2N | SSON 2 OF ips maase oe 62 20) 98.2] 340] 33.5 24.5
G0G2=ec22 282 AUGile os LSa7e|p O45 6la)| 3-45 oumme sees 62 TSS OSN7 le | S145i| bee sONO 30. 5
COM eee TAG i 48490805565 |) 2 10ipe meee 72 16°|°° 98.81 -87)5:|- 32:bal eisaa
Ct ae 118°) 1474) 80.27 | 8.90'a.m. 72 i6| 988] 42.0| 390| 23.5
600Me 25222 11.6| 147] 78.91 | 430p.m.....- 66 16] 982] 38.0] 29.5 27.0
GilGseteeens. LUGE 4530l 80842 |ests0;pemee se 61 | 20; 99.2) 40.5] 35.5 29.0
Glee st u.5|. 142] 80.99 | 11.45 a.m... .2 60 160 |e 99510) ae ee 31.0 20.0
(Gao acanse 11.9 TA 8864) 8 ipo ime soc 69 17| 99.0} 30.5] >35.0 22.0
CISEse ee 12.0| 142) 84.61 | 3.25p.m....-- 66 16] 99.0) 345] 33.0 18.0
Claes 11.3] 142] 79.68 |'2.40p.m....-- 58 | ASI -OSalala Soa5ieset0 24.0
(iI See 10.4 | 15.0] 69.83 | 2.45 p.m...--- 60 17 |“o8y7 |. 35-04) 8L.5 23.0
(ieee || 12.5] 14.8] 84.46 | 3.45p.m_..... 63 24| 99.2] 40.0] 385 21.5
Glee 12.1| 15.3.| 79.08 | 11.45a.m-_.__- 57 16| 97.3) 25.0] 240 17.5
Gis oessss We Qo 14 s3i|e 8824-245 ipsam ee 60 15| 99.3] 42.0] ¢42.5 22.0
GlQNs J. oee: 10.7 15.3 | 60.93 | 3.40 p.m....-. 59 16| 98.3) 340 27.0 19.5
62052225282 12.1 TROT eer OAs oases 58 | ZOM SCOR al ec otao 33.0) 26.0
(alae oe 11.4] 14.9] 76.6 | 2.30p.m-...-- 74 19 | 98.9| 36.0} 35.5] 25.5
22 TING he gl4ehuls S207 | SulSspern se see 60 15| 98.0} 31.5 | 535.0 18.0
G23 eet ae LsOill= LA vrale7et otal Olasames eeeoe 66 20]. 98.8! 39.0] 33.5 26.0
G2daeeee oc. 12.2] 145| 84.14 | 4.50p.m.....- 72 | 20 | (96.7)| 31.0] 0340 28. 0
1d eae 11.8). 148 | 79.78.) 2.15 p. m_..-:- 72 14| 99.5] 40.0| 36.0] 26.0
G26 est aoe LAS els Sule 2609! ||iadiay eee ee 68 17] 98.9) 425] 385 32.0
Gee. em! 12k 1 1eve eveseeth | os Mees Cee @y ols tele SI esa aeeeea el” gee
a Not in fully normal condition; for additional details see tables on p. 299 et seq.
6 Right-handed.
c Left.handed.
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
287
IL. InprIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 3. Hace measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature;
force
Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Face. Physiological data.
l
; eae _ | Tem- | Force.
Record no: laewsae eter bi Facial Time of day Pulse fae | Hare: Preseuree
ton-na- ae ieee as eee eee (sit- | (sub |———____| Prac-
BIOB) lla ngce ting). | lin- | Right| Left | tion.
gua) | hand. | hand. |
cm. em. |) ee tae | kg. kq. kg.
628s eee ee ep Sal eT deAN ie ST AO yn lee ee ea (Gyn ee iO Sie 45.5) 39.0 29.5
629s eee iat || pale RU recht || els eee (ayaiiei ce ae [athe as 45.0 | 44.5] 26.0
COU. Hie Qe 1d Sel 78N82-|s2A0up+ ma. =. 70 | i6| 98.6] 36.5 | 33.5 17.5
Goleeeee sees Ailey7a |e elses RONG? \o12:80spme. 66 18| 99.5] 450] 440 35.0
pd Bay a 1.6] 145] 80.00 | 1.40p.m...... 72: | L6H 5,98) 7 |, 42" 5} a 80-0)'|"- 2050
Gano eae ocean ti.4| 149] 76.61 | 410p.m...... 62 14| 98.0] 435] 539.0 30.0
Ga See ASH alos Oil! 78467" |k3:550pe me. 5 74 | 19| 100.1/ 40.0] 385 25.5
Gh Res eaces 4 Gilet Aa GN) COs 4b =e) Pee 2 xe (di) || shows eerie eee 36.0} 345 26.5
oe eet mee 12,1) “144. 84208 |'s45a0m. <2. 63 18 98.8] 46.0] 410] 28.0
6875-2 eee te GI Ae eae TANG) | SAO ul eke ye oa Me (G)yomm bpeatees ale eS) 51.5 | 44.0 23.0
G38. aSee ec Le 7i)| © 04 aul) 81825. 280 iam- = —- a(90)} (24)) (98.6), 47.0} 45.0] 34.0
ite ees 12.6] 146] 86.30 | 415p.m...-.. 66 | 18| 985, 440] 543.5) 27.0
BAO Wee eae 121) 91453'} *8462')°3.30p..m-. =... 58 18] 99:6] 31.5] 28.5 22.0
(ie es 12.2] 14.6] 83.56 | 10.20a.m..... 60 16)|2 98: 9)|| “6120: |" 501.0 25.0
GAD ana 12.9] 149] 86.68] 1.25p.m.....: 66 | 20 | 99.3 |- 41.5 | 235.5 27.0
Gases. 11.5 3.:9)| 82.73 |°3.30 p/m. -:--- MOh|2 6 AEGuI 0877). tos 2 Be setetarde |e eee
CR OE Teruel 93907'9| XQ eerie ee oe 64 20| 98.5] 236.0] 345 21.0
ape see 10-6)| ) aio mts \ad0rp.ans:-.2. 60 18| 98.4] 520| 41.5) 280
i |
is (b) APACHE GIRLS
oF aU = sae At Tae Senate eae
Gla Sea ae 9.0] 12.0) 76.00 | 2.35p.m...... a (98)| (26)} (100.4), 2.0 | 2.0 0.5
ese aeee: 9.6| 12.2] 78.69) 9.30a.m....-- 79 20% fee 882. mete eta eee me ae ee
GARNen asses EO) ag || WO tie ee 94 24| 100.4 5.0 | B05, | 5
CAD eee fee OD) TDS AAG: MERI aole sees 93 20} 100.5 TE dan i asa ae ae
6b0s ae 8.5| 12.5] 68.00 | 2.45 p.m...... 86 | 23 | 100.8 330) amen ON rat
Sitter ines Ole) tae es. et | 3140 pean. s-—-- 90 P78 MBL Den hie ACI) CD) eee ae
(Ti ieee ONO Tokai VS pmaShOb apse ee 87 | SM ODE ALO | 5.0 1.0:
Bpotheen ss 9.3] 12.8) 72.66 | 2.55 p.am...... 87 20)\|5 AOONS4| WATE |) as 245 5
Goda tenes ea: 9.6.)) 1258/96. 00. SS pean. 2 90 8 | G-Sile «WG 0r Nh w4x0 5
GOSS etka 9.4| 12.6] 74.60 9.40a.m...... 78 19) --200).271" 12x = satls0 1.0
G56 eee ae 9.34)" 12s6a|> 7$1.970)010:30.a. m_. 2: 76 | 24| 99.6| 140] 135 2.0
Gy See ee 9.2] * 13.30) 69.177 10:20:am.-... 00 19} 99.9] 165] 140 1.5
SG Ir ide OU TIPSY | Gok ie) SUL) G, sane oe a (96) 22| 99.9) ©13.5| 13.5 1.5
650 eee 9.5| 13:3] 71.43 | 9:45a.m...... 81 20'| 99,0] 130! 120 4.0
660s seer GEO TPES WEES a Za) oy tase eee (112); (24)! (100. 1) ioopamrGs5 1.0
BG ae ONO sel Qa 7a leer sana| alle40 yp em @ (122)| (28)|.(100/3)| 13,5) 1105 1.0
Gb2es ans 9.8| 13.0] 75.38 | 9.50a.m-..... 90 2| 99.5|/ 145] 10.0 1.0
Chseeat a |= 913) 712.4 | 76:.00:| 9.40.0. m.-...- a(104)/ (20)| (99.9) 13.5 | 12.0 1.5
olin Lee at | .9.0] 131] 68.70] 3.20p.m...... a(96)| (18)| (100.8), 5.0| 45 5
nie tes [GaSe pelos Dal era TulstOnp: Wc. 90 227 GOsW7ial MaeSasel meres 2.0
(Cena ee [95% 313, Bog yg.) Ota mm. _| 78 | Shi) ogra Si sat =L06S 2.0
@Not in fully normal condition; for additional details see tables on p. 299 et seq. (for boys) and on
p. 310 et seq. (for girls).
b Left-handed.
¢ Right-handed.
288
Record no.
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Jorce—Continued
(>) APACHE GIRLS—Continued
[BULL. 34
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 3. Hace measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature;
a Not in fully normal condition; for additional details see tables on p. 310 et seq.
+ Right-handed.
c Left-handed.
Face. Physiological data.
Height Diam Pulse | Respi- ere eae aie
(men- eyo | Facial | ime of day. (ates ration | ture Pressure.
ton-na-| Tiotic | mdex. ting). (site |, (sub Trac-
S101) al eras. ting).| lin- | Right | Left | tion.
gua). | hand. | hand.
cm. cm. | ce kg. kg. kg.
10.0 13.0 | -76..92 | 10-35 a. m-.-.-- 88 19; 100.6 14.5 13.5 1.0
9.0 129) 69.77 1) LOLS aim ee 66 18 99. 5 13.5 8.5 3.0
9.7 | 12267) 7698 | 1010%a2 me. 84 18 99. 5 17.5 16.0 2.0
OF 2 206 78202) C20 Dt ae a (102) (27); (101. 5) 8.0 6.5 1.0
OF3) > 12. 95)) (72509))\ 10s Sia. Meso 1 20 98. 2 7.5 6.5 2.0
9.6 12.8 7000 li SO0Np ase 86 26| 100.0 15.0 14.5 1.0
10. 2 12.8 79.69 | 10.30 a. m-_-.. 80 25 98. 7 11.5 9.5 2.0
10.3 13. 452762875) OspsIe ase ees a (90) 22 99. 5 10.0 8.5 1.0
9.9 1304) 762100 | 10 SA0 tapes 85 18 99. 3 12.0 115 3.5
10. 0 13.5 | 74.07 | 9.30. m--...-- 84 22 99. 9 11.0 10.0 2.0
9.8 13.0 | 75.38 | 10.45 a. m-....- @ (108) (19)} (100.2)! 14.5 13.5 2.0
9.7 VSS Oe uer poe snub aed soya ote 75 17 99. 8 11.0 7.5 4.5
10.0 12.8 Ykspa be Pallats ye OE: Yes 6 ogee 78 24 99. 9 8.0 6.5 .5
9.4] 12.8] 78.44 | 9.30a.m-...-. 84 18 | 98.9 9.5 8.5 4.5
ecceeie 9. 2 13.4] 68.66 | 11.40 a.m--... 78 17 98. 2 11.5 11.0 4.0
10.1 12.9 T8329: || U LOKas me 42 80 22 98.°7 10.0 8.5 3.0
10.0 TSHON ea? GIO Zit soso ee a 76 26 99. 9 9.5 9.5 2.0
9.5 12.5 76.00 | 9.45 a. m...... a75 20 | (100. 3) 12.5 10.0 1.0
seeeei- 9.8 IPAM URE 1 Ug oi aioe 78 20 99. 4 6.5 5.0 | 2.0
9.8 13.4 | 73.13 | 10.30.a.m-.-.- 84 20 98.7 | 13.5 10.5 2.5
9.8 13.1 *4.81 | 9.50 a. m--...- 76 23 98.8 | 12.0 9.5 2.0
eaened 9:5 8 sco Gay nape = eee 72 18] 99.7| 9.0 7.5 1.5
9.6 1D See OnOOs | ale 20 ips me eee 75 17 99F A 5|)_ 450 10.6 5.0
9.8 VSS As| Seen LesOnps Tere 72 24 99. 2 14.5 12.5 5.5
Seed 10.0 13550 Pw77s00 PA 20 epee ees (88) 20 99. 8 16.0 12.5 2.0
9.4 IDC Nal) WAU NON areal eae see 72 21 99. 8 15.0 13.0 4.5
9.4 TBE OGuOL) lie -all Sisters 72 17 99.6 13.5 11.5 4.0
9.9 ra OO0! Neo Oem ais = 79 16 98.7 13.5 10.5 3.0
9.8 money eee eas peri eee 70 22| 98.8] 12.5] 10.0 2.0
sae 9.4 Soil wheel | Lala spatines==|/sre4(90) (23)| 98.9 14.0 13.0 2.0
9.7 VS22)|| oul 400 sO ene ae 7 22 99.4 10.5 8.0 1.0
QGil 129) eek eo pemee aeees a (90); (19) (100.4) 15.5 | 12.5 5.5
Bemaec 9.6 2 VAat8: | ela OOsp)l=——)---51|) (90) 20 98.9) 138.5 11.5 5.5
10.2 Ae OF 8S), | MO tae ae =e oe 62 20 97.9 10.0 9.0 2.0
10.2 ~67|) 80595) ||| Li 20!almi< ==). 72 16 99.3 12.0 10.5 3.5
10.0 BOI Me rihotel dell) WO) ish ao a eee a (90) (19)) (100.3) 14.5 11.5 3.0
10.0 74°) 74.68: |) 10. 55)a. mm Sos 82 21 99.7 14.5 13:5 2.0
10.0 Toul Galen Os Ob tert eae a (92) 20 99.3 13.0 10.5 2.5
10.2 TONS BAOO 4 caeet eee Set We | ae eaciaas mre aa ee | 13/0). 12:0 3.5
9.6 SOhletpereneSeantarae sees 90 20| 98.8] 014.0] 14.0 8.0
10.1 TSEA |S 7OnO7. | OnOU Pete onsen 84 20 99.4 15.5 | ¢14.0 4.0
1003) |) AS53772 2:00 psa eee 78 180) :OGSTe |< 14801 meatus 3.5
10.7 1336 | 86.08" |"8.30 amas. 2-22 a (96) 20 98.6 14.5 11.5 6.5
9.9 13.1 T6007 |) 8.45) ade 2 eI 74 20 98.2 14.0 12.0 4.5
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
259
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 3. Face measurements, pulse, respiration, temperature;
, i) ,
Jorce—Continued
(b) APACHE GIRLS—Continued
Face. Physiological data.
F | Tem- Force.
Record no. | oor eter bi Facial . i Pulse | Pine aa Peeeee Oe:
‘ton-na- nee index.| Time of day. Aa hy Galt = |) aie aye
sion), | mae Ey ting).|| line?) Right |. Bett ||. ton.
gua). | hand. | hand.
J ae r = | | = =
cm. cm. | Yap kg. kg. | kg.
a 2 eRe ete 10.8 13.9 thsota LOLA S ae Ws <= 78 24 99.5 12.6 12.0 2.0
ei Dies Rees 10.4 12.9 | 80.62 | 10.45a.m..... a78 18 (97.0) 13.5 115 4.0
WB w = Aas ste dae 10.0 13.4 | 74.63 | 11.05 a@.m..... 78 22 100.1 15.0 14.5 3.0
(fi es se 10.1 USSR heed On| Alte bigemsos oe a78 18 (97.8) 14.5 13.0 8.0
WSS a ncwmne= 9.8 NSTAG Ra Sel'S | bee Sees see (G)ig eee cca bowcee ss 14.0 11.0 2.0
W632 SS Soe 152 10.4 12561)" (8204) (1-50) pe me... 78 20 99.1 14.5 10.0 5.5
Ul eee erentte 10.6 12.8 2.81 | 11.15 a.m..... 84 22 99.8 15.5 14.0 4.0
TSE Se eae LOSQNs wetSeve| veeus) |eSebsraemece--- (90) 22} 98.9| 14.5| 13.5 3.5
CO Soe Sesh 9.7 ASeDile eco| Qroold. Mss c= 72 22 99.4 | 012.5 13.0 3.0
Ue Une hl aaneter 10.0 13.4 74.68 | 9.05.8. 1. =... (90) 22 99.2 15.0 11.5 5.5
(fetes elena 9.7 12.8 (oo78, | L. 30 prs... a (96) (22)| (100.1) 14.5 12.0 7.0
TOD = wees 10.4 13.6 16-47 \9.30 eM. -. <<< Ui 17 98.2 12.5 11.5 3.0
W238. 2 eee ess 10.2 13.3 otc) | Eke Uezigncdlennae 67 15 98.5 18.0 D5 10.5
Ce ee ee 10.3 13.1 WOROO "ler tee msc een astets (ON *Sesce cna eaemscCe asacet on aoc coe See eacce
Tore ee Sere 10.4 14031) 74529) || 9.50.a.m... 52. 70 20 99.1 16.5 14.5 3.0
W2O6sa Snes 10.1 13.4 76.87 |'2.45p.m...-.. 76 18 98.6 13.0 12.0 2.0
WO Sesh shee. 9.8 IZL2 NI We-ee || 4300p Ms. <2 3 84 17 99.1 18.5 17.5 11.0
(as ee 10.4 1356) W647 | 9:45:80... 70 14 98.2 17.0 16.0 12.0
(CERES ee ee 10.2 ls H7/ St eS 10)9100 eeeaeaooe 84 18 99.2 19.5 18.5 11.0
HOU Samer eee 9.3 136; 68.88) 9.15 a.m: =... 80 18 99.0 14.5 135 7.0
3 Berane 10.3 1354) })) 76287" |'3.30) p.m. ss. a (90) (24)} (99.5) 16.0 16.5 12.0
feeec2 eo ho2 10.7 13.45] 79585) | 8.35/81... 2.2 78 21 97.2 15.0 14.0 7.0
URS Ie See See ee 11.2 ISIS S¥ee1, 3205 p.m... 2-2 68 25 99.8 14.5 13.0 7.0
(oe Beane 10. 2 1338 |) 73.91" |) 3.°40'p:m. -...; a (90) (22)} (99.8) 18.0 14.5 4.5
TOs meow aert 11.2 skal 80260) | 125. aom. 2 72 21 99.7 19.0 16.0 8.0
MBO ese aesoeets 10. 4 DSHS) ose: |plOs15 asemis.< 72 17 98.1 | 018.5 18.5 10.0
UR Cpeeemerse 10.9 14.0 (WT || Oe encee 76 17 99.5 | 619.5 20.0 13.0
OSes cemyisioe 10.6 T3538 | e79570!)| Le SOip ams 22. 76 18 98.3 15.0 14.0 4.5
Ue neers 10.3 13.6 75.74 9.25 a.m Sareea 68 19 98.1 18.5 17.0 7:5
WAQ es Saee seas 10.6 13.4 V9ELO)|) 215 pemMe =... @ (82) (14)} (98.4) 16.5 16.0 13.0
WAL oi Scns; 10.5 ISe20 |b 9.00) | LS40 p.m = se 74 18 98.8 15.5 14.0 6.0
Dee ee CO Pie CU hae J Ge ec 80 18| 98.8] 15.0] 14.0 4.5
MASE eos sewer 10.4 TOU 229) | AO Si aame.../ 82 18 98.3 19.0 17.0 10.0
(CC eer 10.2 TSe2aheneess | -20) pe mesa. 74 20 98.9 17.5 16.0 9.5
TES. scene 10.8 13.0] 83.08 | 11.45a.m..-.. 75 18 97.2 25.0 23.0 10.5
(ere ee 10.6 ae Daley Ob! | 2 pains sso o..2 76 20 99.4 24.5 21.5 12.0
WAT 302 ecee? 10.6 13.4 79-105) 9-40) a.m. 2 - 78 22 98.7 18.0 17.0 5.5
(48. <25 3585 10.4 1353: |) 7820) | 4:30)sp..m-.... 78 22 99.9 23.0 20.5 7.5
W4Os oo ceed 10.8 LSONlevoeee | loo Dems. —-.- 75 22 99.9 21.0 20.0 7.0
(2 Uapesaconce 9.6 LSE reece | 2.50) Ps MM 5.2 60 18 98.7 20.0 18.0 10.5
MONE -.2ia'mefee sie 10.2 1353) 76.69 || 8:30) a. m=. . =. - 84 21 99.5 16.0 13.5 4.0
MOL doen 10.4 PSe2a\e 78e79))| Ve sOaam.- =. 72 18 98.1 22.5 20.0 8.0
(CS Rae eae 10.7 13.6 (feinéies || MO) Fs aco ee a (90) (21)| (99.9) 22.5 a bet) 4.0
WO4 eee ae 10.2 ISso vocog ) 1015 ame -- (yp Ae Secs ask cate 2 16.5 15.0 7.5
a Not in fully normal condition; for additional details see table on p. 271 et seq.
b Right-handed.
3452—Bull. 34—08——19
290
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[ BULL. 34
IL. InprIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 3. Face measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature;
force—Continued
(b) APACHE GIRLS—Continued
Face. Physiological data.
. Tem- Force.
piccond 22. pos eter Dr Facial | mime of day BELS® Rion ture, Pressure.
ton-na- ae index iin ee ae fe (sit- | (sub Trac-
sion). | max ‘| ting).| lin- | Right | Left | tion
gua). | hand. | hand
cm. cm. or. kg. kg. kg.
[D0 ss soeeene 10.8 VEE PRs) O45 oy ones eee a78 22 99.9 22.5 17.0 5.5
(iiiiseasceooce 10.6 13.8 | 76.81 | 4.40 p.m...... 78 22 98.7 17.0 12.0 9.5
WO Ns ses steetcicle 10.0 TSS FOE rab ip somlerece a78 225 aee eres 19.0 16.0 5.0
WOSsem a5 ocisl-e 11.3 1829" | *SlE29 2740 peamee oe. - 72 16 98.3 | 517.5 19.0 12.0
Uo BeOS Saas 10.0 1393 e519) Ab plane ae 84 18 98.1 24.5 18.5 13.5
100 a= seen 10.6 14.1 76.18 | 11.454. m.._- - 68 17 98.7 23.0 21.5 12.0
(AO ees 4 ame 10.8 1328) || 78226" || 1402p ans. a2 84 17 98.5 25.0 22.5 16.0
(hi) See eee 11.4 1410) 80585" | 4:05psmi-s-5.- 72 18 98.3 22.5 18.0 11.0
163% | 3520) p: mi... 5... a (90) (16)| 98.8 32.0 29.0 20.0
Beit ea GH? AMR B27 07 J ee es oe (ONP> | ERS od ae ea mers 2k be ak eel ere
SOLS esc | 10.5 14.5 | 72.41 | 9.10a.m...... 70 16 98.6 25.5 23.0 12.5
B82 wa soce aa 11.0 14.2; 77.46 | 11.05 a.m..... 58 18 98.5 35.0 31.5 18.0
8380. ca se ae 11.0 IS SH os dee Oo lo asm sccc cs 82 20 99.3 26.5 23.5 16.5
8342 \5c Sensis 11.2 13.8 | 81.16 | 9.20 a.m...... 78 20 98.9 30.0 28.5 21.0
BS0¥'. sates 11.4 14.2 | 80.28.) 4.45p.m...... 68 16 99. 2 33.5 29.5 17.5
S365 5 Sse cace 11.4 TOSOR OROOHl Sspst=* cs - = 62 22 98.9 33.5 30.5 19.0
SS occu 11.3 14.2 | 79.68 | 11.054a.m..... 72 16 98. 8 27.5 22.0 14.5
838. oc seee see 10.5 45S) | eoees) | AspsaMl= 522 84 19 98.7 22.5 20.5 18.0
CS eee eee 11.4 1455s) 7Gae7 | 10a. m3... 82 16 98.5 24.0 21.0 14.0
S420 se a seee 11.0 14.3] 76.92 | 8.45 a.m...... 56 18 98. 4 26.5 25.5 16.0
to} UIA or ae 10.9 14.3} 76.22 | 4.45 p.m...... 79 18 98. 2 23.5 21.0 17.0
Daas ae DES: e FARA BNET yee = (Gye eee ec ireh ey [ot eae lore font UE!
4Not in fully normal condition; for additional details see table on p. 271 et seq.
b Right-handed.
292
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY |
[ BULL. 34
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TaBLE 3. Face measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature ;
force—Continued
(b) APACHE GIRLS—Continued
Face. Physiological data.
if
: Dine _ | Tem- Force.
Record no; Gen eter BE Facial | ime of da vats fetion hes Pressure.
Le "YE, | index. TO ireys (st (sub |— Trac-
‘| max. g). | lin- | Right | Left | tion.
gua). | hand. | hand.
cm. cm. ooh kg. kg. kg.
bY Beebo see 11.5 14.1 | 81.66 |) 10.454. m-...- 68 17 97.8 31.0 30.0 26.0
84452 Bot a2 13.0 1459) (87225 4) Veale 66 14 98.3 29.5 24.0 23.5
BADE Ao - Ree 11.9 1456) 81561) 20'aomie. = 72 18 98.8 25.5 22.0 20.5
846-22 eee. 11.4 14345) “V9SL7 || 3,00) psme-= =. 84 18 98. 4 29.0 27.5 20.0
(c) PIMA BOYS
aE ees peace Gmetad icpoecae OST Ova: sleet 108 Poth eS er EOS aera lern a cia m=
BORE. Pre elcome oS sace coal oc eects los seeeuseeceeiere (GV Foc ee Sel sauces |e beet a sceereets | Seer
See ace eae Se eee ee | Some eel wanes S:d0 lames 114 pal ete | SI [meeP a cee let i i
oe Eee SeSinisal Reece cal Geecorslasceacec 10a. De ot 79 30). esstMee|steeceed ce oeeeen Ceeeeoee
S502 5. 8ee a 8.4 10.8 77.8 | 2.40 p. m....-- 80 26 O988i)) asec nel ateboe eS oeeeeee
ee ae are Weed eee ae esc pocecosc WeO en eee = 96 265 |s2 Sane fellc Sees lee es | eee
BRASS re Beeseeccd Sacasend bescooue 10:10a. mie.-)-; 81 22 ee eee ee ee |
SS san enens 9.3 ME, 1950 | QiainMree sss 72 26 99.2 3.0 2.0 0.5
BOU EA tees sso eere) ashes Lelaseeeeee 3:05 p. M-~ 5... 78 2614) 28 See eel eee eeeenere
QOL ss ce222 9.0 12.0 7O80 ||\"3:0\psime eee 82 29 | 100.3 3.0 a Re oeaticc
Ope ReBomeee sapeccan lsceernas tescacccs Sia. deep eee 86 EN Sal Pera peae Beraseod hacedccic:
OD age Sasa 9.0 12.1 V4s4s)| 2250hp sansa eases 90 24 100. 3 2.5 2.5 5
OS an Se Soe Se ee seta reese lle sete els = 10.30'a. m=..-- 80 7p eee eee rte ESP aa ral: com acoc
Bea eS 9.9 12.0 GLA EBy) Notes Secomee 80 28 | 100.3 4.5 3.5 Oo
O52 ee ect es 9.2 12.0 UREBCh ied Oeil, aera son 72 26 99.7 5.0 5.0 1.0
CORSO eae Restese el Cena csc| Seas cae Dips ses alters a (102) 28 ||: ASS Jo 35263 | eens | Seeeeeee
OUsc cece. se 9.4 11.8 79.7 | 2:30 p. m-.--.-- 72 26 99.5 5.5 4.0 2.0
CEE tae Be eers se Mere] Sees ciae AME Mss 2 cic 88 DE): ook nad paste <| eee Sees
gota sk Gobel a Sal ye Selo tee 2 Slatin. ase 84 go. ale ORR ile tate eee
100. Se. sees 9.3 12.1 7609 | 2.10. MA. a (96) (26)| (100. 6) 5.0 6.0 1.5
HM 5 ee Se ASL OR Re tee (aye) kc eal ea eee ee
NOD 555 SNe See ea Son anes Shilsiyo paces ser 84 OH Ges eal ae ele eet all tees
LOS oa. soe eee | ees see Sesmeccis| Deans 4°20}PeMa--55 a (96) 759) Peer al REE Aa eal see ocad| eso. co-
10” Se ge (PR Ue (eee Mee ae 9.05y8); meee 84 72 ee Se Meese Seseae orca a
MOSS secceese 9.8 12.7 Wee | 2.05 p. We... 22 90 22 99.8 | 515.0 16.0 4.5
LOG. «.. os.cc5 8% 10.5 12.2 86:1 | 145sp. mise 82 22 99.7 16.5 13.5 2.0
10) epee Re 9.6 12.5 76:8 | Dianm.- = sss. 72 22 99.8 7.0 | 5.5 5
LOS: oe ebaee 10.3 13.4 (6a0, | 10%45; amis se. a (96) (30)| (101. 5) 16.0 14.5 4.0
1 ee ate 10.5 12.6 88xe! | WalOspom asses a (96) (26)| 99.8 16.0 12.5 2.0
HNO! ven ..ceoere 10.0 12.1 82.6 | 11.15 a. m-..... 78 18 99.9 | 614.5 16.0 1.0
ih eee os 10.0 12.6 79.4 | 10.20 a. m..... 76 20 99.5 15.0 12.0 2.0
1) eee 9.8 12.7 ot? Were Gees ossae 74 20 99.4 11.0 9.0 1.0
101s eee 10.1 12.6 80.2 | 9.20 a.m..--.. 80 18 99.4 15.5 15.5 7.0
10 eee 10.0 12.0 83.3 | 11.30 a. m.-.-..- 70 24 99.7 | 615.0 15.5 3.0
NG ers sec 10.5 12.5 84,0) ||| 2:30p. me- o-. - a72 22 99.9 14.5 11.5 3.0
WG ce. ssa e8 10.0 12.7 78.7 | 2.40 p. m.....- 68 18 99.6 | 14.5 13.5 4.5
ib ly Peers 10.2 12.8 Toko sl Ol ae eTt eect 72 24 99.6 1 12.0 11.5 7.0
aNot in fully normal condition; for additional details see table on p. 276 et seq.
b Right-handed.
HRDLICKA]
force—Continued
(c) PIMA BOYS—Continued
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
293
Continued
TABLE 3. Face measurements ; pulse, respiration, temperature ;
Record no.
Respi-
ration
(sit-
ting).
co tw
o
bwhy wb wv
bo
Face
Diam- |
rey eter bi-| Facial : a eS |
ton-na-| 2Y8° | index. Time of day. | (sit-
sion) matic ting). |
max. |
|
cm. cm. |
OEP 43225) 61.2.) 10.65a-m.....| 70
POROBE A 1SSOnh 2Oee ee ae. a: | sane
9.9 13.0 7652) JONOas mi... | 73
10.0] 12.4] 80.6| 9.40a.m...... 72
HOSE |) Sele S089 h251 5p. ms. 83
HVLOh 234 8 8984 | 130ip nme 60
HOSGHIEN L520 GO5S, |e2s55ype mess 5: 60
EORG0 (DSI, SELON Te 30i parm se » (96)
LORA ee 4elt 858) 1105401 mes. D85
LORE kos 10h GOS Osean oe 74
10.4| 12.4] 83.9 | 10.30a.m..... 72
Ge 7m a12. Or) eee ON lelonpen= ss55= b (96)
LOHAN S195) SP SO86"|) 1e30ipeame see 82
1025) eel S204) SOr8) | 9:50am =. ._2- 68
1OLON = 13e30 75e2) |) 4:40 pam... b (92)
10.0} 13.0] 76.9] 11.45a.m..... 72
LONG en 128 Onles GdeS- |p hlvaeane =: S22 69
TOHAe £3227 || 78884! 1-40ype me 5... b (86)
LOU See 1249) Gey el 5Ope m= je. = 62
1ORSH |e 122 4u|ee 88eteW8:40!as moose 78
LOUSS|) SoS! Sale ses)| 3 Obpam: 4_-- 72
LOE A) 12872 Re! oars | 72
1OC45) eS84e|) 776: | 3spsm...- 22 76
LOSA ||) 12568) 6409"! Alpe mie. 32 5.. 72
11.1 DATA Sties ||| lel sams ss 7
10227) 12ST ees lebbipsam. (90)
10303) 1320) | Mee7GnOn|sS:40' ame se. -- 68
LONG 12ESH\ 8858) | 7.45mi. - 22: 7
1OL2))) > L2ESE a 7987 Seab ao ss 66
TQUSY, 1D ABR SAI al eh ote ee (0)
1058"|| 13048)" *80.6))|| 3:35 psme..-2- 68
10545) 1265 er82h5) |V4'SOpame. 2 60
10s 7a A2SSs me OSHGa| Oona nee 69
WG | TEE | CHCA || IE ee sre eee 72
1Q825 ee Siva ergen| Seb dias s. 78
Die tay el Seae | ee oees) | 4o1 pe meee 68
10.6 13.2 OES Au eM 2 a3 acer 65
ORME |) S125Si) “78890 |7-5asm!. 5.5. | 6 (82)
10.9 1PGH | e8Ged) || Sa0taeme a |. 278
OSH |ewl2= 9) | eS See 3:30) perme. = (84)
LOUD 13805) 27825) | S10va. mie = 72
TAA | L228 ee ote) 20 pecan = 70
LOSSY | 12s | erseeall) 4:50) pemeee ce 72
10545| 13825|) 7838) 9:30)a, moos. -- 72
a Right-handed.
> Not in fully norma! condition; for additional details see table on p. 276 et seq.
ce Left-handed.
Physiological data.
Tem- Force
pera-~ SS =
ture Pressure.
(sub |————______| Tya¢-
lin- | Right | Left | tion.
gua). hand. | hand.
oF, kg. kg. kg.
99.6| 16.0] 16.0 9.5
99.3| 415.0) 16.0 4.5
99.6| 15.0] 14.5 2.0
99.7| 15.5] 15.0 4.5
99.6| 17.0] 13.5 1.0
99.6 | 15.5] 15.0 3.0
99.2} 15.5] 13.5 3.0
(100.1)} 13.5] 13.0 4.0
98.7] 15.0) 140 6.5
98.7 16.5 | 15.5 3.5
99.1) 17.5] 15.0 8.0
(100.0)| 19.5| 17.0 10.5
99.6| 17.0] 15.0 6.0
99.6| 18.5} 17.5 8.0
99.8/ 15.5] 13.5 2.5
99.6] 16.0] 14.5 7.5
99.5| 16.0! 15.0 4.0
99.5| 16.0] 15.0 5.5
99.7| 16.0] 15.0 5.0
99.5] 11.0] ¢12.0 4.0
99.2) 16.5] 15.5 5.0
99.7| 13.5] ¢15.0 3.0
99.7| 16.5] 14.0 4.0
99.4] 15.5] 14.5 5.0
100.0| 18.0) 14.0 8.0
| 99.8] 17.5] 14.0 6.0
99.7| 14.5] 11.5 11.0
99.9! 18.5] 14.5 9.0
99.5 | 22.0] 19.0 9.0
| 100.1) 18:0] 15.5 12.0
99.9| 16.5| 16.0 7.0
99.2} 20:0} 19.5 8.0
99.9| 16.5] 14.0 8.0
99.7| 19.0} 17.0 8.0
99.7| 18.5] ¢15.0 11.0
99.2] 15.5] 13.5 7.0
(100.0)} 20.0} 15.0 5.0
9927 | -17-00| 15.0 8.0
99.3| 18.5] 15.5 4.0
99.5| 145] 10.5 7.0
99.9} 16.5] 15.5 6.0
99.5| 416.5] 16.5 8.0
98.0) |. 52180") 17.5 9.5
294
Record no.
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
(BULL, 34
II. Inpran CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 3. Face measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature,
Jorce—Continued
(c) PIMA BOYS—Continued
Face. Physiological data.
: = Force.
Holga Ri eutee | Bam Be :
{men, |"rygo- | Fail | time ot day. | (sits | Teton) bore | Preceure
: matic ting). | ,\ Su 7 Trac-
sion). | max. ting).| lin- | Right | Left | tion
gua). | hand. | hand.
cm. em. OF. kg. kg. kg.
10.9 13.1 88221) 90D an eee ae 62 21 99.7 18.0 15.5 10.5
10.6 13.4 Heat Wrest Vay haa tole Aste 64 18 99.1 19.0 17.5 6.5
10.8 13.2 81.8 | 3.15-p.m...-.- 72 20 99.6 23.0 22.5 12.0
10.1 13.0 Tore || eLOUl Okawari ars 66 20 99.3 21.5 14.5 7.0
11.4 13.4 | Soul 8-40 'a. se 72 “24 99.8 27.0 20.0 12.5
11.0 13.4 82e1 3| \9r4biaz me sae 75 18 99.9 21.5 21.0 6.5
10.6 13.7 Viey || (d-40spe se. 68 22 99.2 24.5 | @23.5 8.0
11.3 13.0 86297) LO spsme 22 66 PA 99.5 22.5 21.0 14.0
10.2 13.3 UGisi || Oup sei eres 64 23 99.4 21.5 19.0 5.0
11.0 13.2 7028) 1-40 pe aaan ea b 72 (27) 99.9 | ¢17.0 17.0 10.5
10.3 12.9 TIES || 2-cosPe Meee eee 72 20 98.9 19.0 18.0 6.5
LOIOH|: Gish Pelee Sd ae eae ace eee | 24.5] 19.0] 10.5
10.9 13.2 AO! || eo: 40 hayes 60 18 98.9 25.0 22.0 15.0
10.6 | 12.8 958il|| 1Olasm. 2 eee b (84) (24)| (99.9)| 23.5] 19.0 14.0
11.0 12.7 8661] A 40 ip sams. 66 23 | (100.2) 20.5 19.0 12.5
10.7 13.4 TORS ASO ip Meese b (82) 22 99.3 21.5 17.5 6.0
10.9 | 13.5 8057 )\ Mops e eee 70 25 99.6 24.5 19.5 15.5
TV05}| 1358 79,7 | 2-45). m.-.-.- 62 20 98.9 23.5 22.0 11.0
LOE 74 || 1358 802% |, 2.30ip. me... b71 18 99.9 23.5 | 425.0 14.0
11.9} 12.8 9259 | 2:20'p. m......- 72 24} (100.1)| — 24.0 20.0 10.5
11.4 13.3 8o.7| 10:20'9) Same eee 66 18 99.4 28.5 22.5 14.5
10-2) 13:2 irr NV Pe) Dept ea ic b64 18 99.9 | 24.5 20.0 11.5
11.6 14.6 T924 | (loa. Wes 60 21 99.0 39.5 36.0 20.5
11.4 13.2 86.4 | 9.154. m.....- b (90) 20 99.4 27.0 24.5 15.0
TFSi | Beale Sond eeneee eee Gy tals Selle | 28.0] 26.0] 10.0
11.5 14.4 (EER CAD) Oats SaGne 54 20 99.3 34.0 25.5 10.0
12.0 | 14.0 Soa || 1LOSb0 jam S. 22 b72 24 99.1 41.0 31.5 22.0
12.0) || 13°38 87/409\(,8- 301s AUS =terere 65 22 99.5 33.5 27.5 21.0
11.6 | 14.0 82.3 | 4.45 p.m.....- 62 20 98.9 43.0 33.5 23.0
15 1351 8068) 4p meee seeee b (84) 20 | (100.1) Babe 29.5 14.0
11.0 13.7 80334) 0.30) dette er = 60 18 98.5 39.0 35.5 30.0
11.1 14.6 76.0) 10:30Ka.n ee 64 16 99.3 47.0 44.0 24.0
10.7 | 13.9 TOO) NeSih miler epee ae 64 16 99.3 28.5 24.5 16.5
12.5 13.8 9026 ||| 10°40%a). mise 67 18 99.6] 31.5 25.0 21.0
12.3) 14.2 | 86.6) 1.45p.m...... b72 235) (9905y| “S35! > 2055 18.0
11.3 14.0 80.7 | 3.55 p.m.....- 62 20 99.2 35.0 | 236.0 20.0
12.3,| 14.7 SBiif LZ by ae Deere ore 64 15 99.4 44.5 37.5 24.5
12.8 13.8 PRY le D5 Wl eam cace b72 24 99.7 38.0 37.0 24.0
10.9 13.7 (CIN) Br eaele aoa cos 58 18 99.0 28.0 24.0 18.0
115721) = 1355 TG al ae etre eae (2). Ges eel = a ee
11.6 14.3 81.1 | 325) De silaceee 66 20 99.5 42.5 39.5 28.0
Ih dare GINO: |e eee eet a eee (Ge att ale eee 37.0| 33.5 20.5
12:3 | 13.6 90.4 | 10.45 a. m-_-..--| 78 22; 99.8 37.5 | 238.0 21.5
11.2 13.8 SIZ 7.20 ae sera 78 20 98.8 38.0 26.0 21.0
a Left-handed.
bNot in fully normal condition; for additional details see table on p. 276 et seq.
¢ Right-handed.
HRDLICK A]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
Jo)
Il. InpIaAn CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 3. Lace measurements ; pulse, respiration, temperature ;
Jorce—Continued
(c) PIMA BOYS—Continued
Face. Physiological data.
|
A Tem- Force.
Record no. | Gee eter i Facial | ,p; Pulse Hates one preegures ek
\ton-na- ie index.| Time of day. son (sit- | (sub Trac-
SiO) laine 8); | ting). | lin- | Rignt | Left | tion.
. gua). | hand. | hand.
|
cm. em. OR: kg. kg. | kg.
206s =e see 12.6 13.7 92500 e740 asm - oy a76 22 99.6} 40.0 33.5 27.0
PA eee 11.6 1355 SOE9) | inode TOs ae =5 74 20 99.0 39.5 35.0 27:0
2082. Seeeecer 11.9 14.0 CO ROn MAS penWMcacie er ae 55 22 99.6 | 35.0 32.5 | 19.0
21 Rene Se oe 11.85) 14.3 82.97 |) 3.15 p.m. -- 56 16 99.3 | 38.0 36.0 | 26.0
V2 Eee oe (GRAN (458) les cee Wa SMa sae e a 66 15 99.1) 42.5 38.0 | 14.0
7 eer ance ly elt 14.0 Glepen eso: te Tees oe 66 20 99.4 | 30.0 28.0 20.0
Me Seciemoes 12.5 14.6 Sore HE Voie Dee 72 18 98.9 39.0 31.5 21.0
PAS ae ecosee 12.8 13.8 Qo a eeeaic Sos (@) lee eRe 2 42.0 34.0 27.0
4s cesses 12.3 14.4 85.4 | 3.10 p.m....-.. a74 20 99.8 44.5 36.5 29.0
QO ses tosma= 12.4 14.0 88.6 | 4.30 p.m...... 60 17 99.5 42.0 41.0 25.0
216... Sepak 12.0 13.5 88.9 | 8.45.a.m...... 60 18 99.8 43.5 37.0 25.0
YAY Gee 11.5 13.7 88.9 | 8.20 a.m...... 60 20 99.4 39.0 35.0 16.0
2185 sos seeese 12.6 14.3 88.1 | 4.40 p.m...... a70 18 99.7 45.0 41.0 24.0
PAK es ae 12.2 14.6 SScGn | Ome Ile .alaeee a (72) 18 99.3 45.5 38.0 24.5
77 | EE ae 12.2 13.8 88.4 | 3.45 p.m. ....- a (74) 19 99.3 47.0 40.0 25.0
|
(d) PIMA GIRLS
aE ee era | nae seee lle acitbomc esses 8.45 a. m-....- 105 Dy ort ae S| Seen ois Sal | ered Sears
TAIN SSeS asl hs ae le eee | a ACerS ee cr. 102 DA ete Ss ete oe || ee ate
Oe EA Bee pee osoed Eaeeneee Sea ease Ova ene. = Wats) ebpasaeal tM eesese toe Gonae| actoseoe lsaaeeeac
Pp NE ge ie 2 [rae |e el eae L015 a. m).-2. 100 SON eee eys| paseeena eset celaseaneae
CA REE eee GRO obee) CSE Ees eee Seppe oisate se 95 OAs eis oS 42 BOS SaGe cl HoeetsObe aaeee eros
Dain rates ial ae saeist a | Sarena oie soe's palleeyeyatlan ee cece 86 Ole Reese ae ae eaea moses n aeemaace
Daas ete al ccitse aye = esas | ose dere 4:30) p: MM: <-/.<:. 99 OD eee ae Reet at eerie Roreemeer
ZO Beas Sees | we See al at ote elea tee ise Ola Meee eee (a) 2G) 25 Gamsee | siecle le seers | owes ee
ng oe eS | eae Oe | Sa eee 1G i f8 ede 96 77 Oneal ee asan Bae Senne capers
OU) Soe tees ares 9.2 11.5 SOL04| i205 P.M 2 2)-/-5 96 28) Bocce Soe | ne See eee se ookeaee
Veena Wie etl (arbpmeceeesir Mie 9) fem ae a 1-a0ipei 2 96 OO SCA wake oe) OREN | Date VES Paes
1D See EERE Rieti ie 2) Been 10.30 a.m... a (114) CT a eet RENAE cel ae el eat
oes semades 9.0 12.0 7620>)\73230) ps BV... 84 28 GOOG | Sis coterie lamers | tema loere
U2 eee eel eee emcee (eee (ean | lipemia eee 8 102 DI (Rae | mane 2 clade AIS ae
OES Sonee| MEBESECE] Cran aa oe KaeaBaee JOM Oia m2. a (110) Bo hae (0 UG ese. sl meee eRe rseaer
OG ss ee eA eee & < ciee toa cren, SSS 1EO: 20 :aenttl == te a 86 374 |) DELUGE) oeseseso|loccedsad|aaacceee
AVOCA SSS 9.3 11.5 8059) | Nil 45.a. mS. 78 21 99.5 2.5 2.0 | 0.5
238 Scene 9.0 11.6 Mi: | MES oa, me see . 84 22 99.6 b5.0 6.0 2.5
OS eam ac Eee cc SUSEHe ae) HUBER Ea Gate eee (CONS eB eShc SaBedaes| Seecered scceanee Saeeeeee
2 eee SE al Bee Sic ee|| Jospooae| Sa OCe al eee es eee al Resear Seer Ieee ce | deyae tee | eae
2 8 A ec Eee os eee | (ere ee LOW See 78 DAN rey syacetcpata| sitio atotavetell Steere Bleiele sible Se aise
DAD. soe Sata meta ee oe AI Cee 25 (pei see 84 22t |e sais tae lee Se tebe |e eaaecea|Smechce
243 pee beSed 9.9 12.2 Stee UA5speme <5. a (96) 20 99.8 7.5 7.0 -0
pads Shee ot 9.0 11.8 1625, |\.9.55 8. Mi -2.- = 76 24} 100.2 9.5 | ¢12.0 | 1.0
21: Ree oe 9.7 12.4 Sree Onde Trey n tae. < ‘72 18 99.5 7.0 | 6.5 1.0
aNot in fully normal condition; for additional details see table on p. 276 et seq. (for boys) and on
p- 279 et seq. (for girls).
b Right-handed.
c Left-handed.
296
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[ BULL. 34
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 3. Hace measurements, pulse, respiration, temperature;
Sorce
Continued
(d) PIMA GIRLS—Continued
Face. Physiological data.
Disa _ | Tem- Force.
BecOrd 0: ene pee Me Facial | pime of da as ration oo Pressure.
ton-na-| YEO | index. | Me Aa. (sit- | (sub |— Trac-
sion). | “max. | ting). | lin- | Right | Left | tion
gua). | hand. | hand.
cm. em. ORs kg. kg. kg.
DAG ISS fax 10:0) |) 12.0.5 88iee"| 10. 25ia. mn. 5 a(90)| (27)| (100.3)) 6.5 4.5 1.5
PY cele ne Ie 10.3] 12.4] 83.1 | 11.05a.m..... 84 24] 99.8 5.0 4.0 5
panels eed CA (aes 0 Lae d: NAA oe sts ee 80 20} 99.8 7.0 6.0 5
AD er as SB) 11.7 Wesel A Ae. a a76 24| 100.1 6.5 6.5 5
250 ee ree LOWE 1256, "8 8523)" | 2'80 5p Mme eee a 82 23 | 99.6 9.0 8.5 of
Dat Aes 10.2] 12.2| 83.6%| 10.05a.m..... 78 24| 10002 12 12051" = 1s 1.0
DED te sea ote sos bnaee, wa eS Soe Wes ena eps 5 78 93.) Gor8i/t2. toca sc heen ee eee
Ase aah a hy! 935°) 12:2) 77290) 10.25 aeme 12 a 86 OD 10028325. 2a alts ee eee
DEA ob sae 9.7) 9, 123078! ore Olas mn ca. | 72 21| 99.5] 11.5] 11.5 5
25pm eto: 9.851) 12 :2c lie sors.01'7-40 ame. 85 25| 99.6] 12.5] 10.0 2.0
DEG 2 9.05, 11.8 N= 8329, 4 10:a5:aem 2. 78 S-| 99.7) © 13/57b 1325 |) eq
D5 ohana: S 10.0: |) 12.4 9256%.| 10.30\a. m-_ 2. 72 1899.1" |= - 142015 - 1985 1.5
Dae oF ih 1010: | 12381 78) | 3.40;p.am hs. 72 23| 99.6] 12.5 7.5 5
250m pete 10.5:|" 12:2} 86:1'-| 10,25a.m_... 78 21 | 100-2; 13.5 | 12:5 2.0
DE0Ee sees Qt |) 12/4 79ee . | 10.saom 8. 78 20) 99.5 7.5 7.0 1.5
DG teat Bee eae ee aa eels OO oam eee 84 90 bor eso WO. aise ine ae ee
DGD meen 52 Ge 10.2| 120] 85.0 | 925a.m...... 7 27 |, (O947a| = E104 unadde@ 5.0
DES ences. s 1OLt0)) W224 Sieke | 235 praises. 84 18} 99.9) 10.0 9.5 5
D4 a ease. 10.1 |p 4907 | 7955.9) 40:40am... 76 20]; 99.6} 13.5] 13.0 2.0
PAS ae 1010, |, 1961 79.4! 2.15 pean soe. 280 16| 100.0} 120] 100 1.0
DGB rae Seer Ally ete el aentaad| Sepa Ses 11.50a.m..... @ (O06) 9 (25) \(LODsd) Ie. 22sec: | Seas) Se eee
GU see See 10:3, |. 12:1] 86. 0'|| 10,50ialsami=.5-. a (86) 20)!|| £9987 = 1401) dG 1.5
TORS ae Atop A | ED 10.15.m..... 80 DANS el se See |e es
DOG e eat ee 10.9] 12.1] 90.1 | 10.15a.m..... @(108)| (28)| (100.5)| (7.0)} (3.0)/ (5)
(| eee 10.0| 12.4] 80.6 | 10.05a.m..... 69 23| 99.8| 145] 14.0 2.5
righ Oe eee 10,0: |) ©12.2/|_ “82:0,|10:55,a.0m- 4-5 72 22\, 100:1 |" 14.5 |b 1150 3.0
DFO im ne Aline 2 eee |i. ee 10.30 a.m..... 80 1S: Woon det eteree ake eee
07 1 A ood 10,2). 1224) 82s9he 250 pam. so 78 24 100.1 6.5 5.5 5
7 Vetus 9.6, |}, .12:8)|), 75.0) 2|y2:45 gash 2 84 20) 99.8] 13.0] 11.0 1.0
7k Na Aa N Oro |, 12) 25)) 27 2G Al gant sae 70 21; 98.9] 140] 13.0 5
Diba aes ses 10.8.) 12.7, |), 85.04 |'3:p) mis eo... a84 20) 99:9:| 13.0) 115 3.0
OTe sed 10,21)" 124) 82/3) 10.45ia.m 2p. a(84)| (24)| (100.4)} 12.5] 13.5 4.0
Tiere Lael: OMG NEA a ees ne 7 inpre ro e (ee ae ener caine 6! 14.0] 11.0 1.0
DO: ee os 10.7| 12.0] 89.2 | 4.05p.m...... (90) 16| 99.5] 120] 10.0 2.0
2) Was Rene eg] ee rt Ree (PN C2 2 11.55a.m..... 72 DOs COO a Ok: ae ee
DBI g A oy 1057.) 12.6 M8409) 9) 11. 10fae mise a84 20; 99.2} 14.0] 13.0 2.0
Tao ne og 1082: | 1226), 80s Siw Brace eee 6.10% $30 20084) AAS On dae 1.5
eae es 10:3: 2°1256 | 81/70) 97-45 asa. 2s. 72 20) 99.7] 15.5] 145 2.5
0-2 We baa eae [vee eal Se eee | 10.45 a, m..... 70 BMD 0 reel ameter ate
TREO A ees 10/0: 18.00), ‘76iae2|:3:45 pam: 2 72 18| 99.9 7.0 5.5 5
ee EN LOSS) 12.07 N15 s09e 63 pre ae 78 2.| 99.9. 16.5.) - 10.5 2.0
7) a a a TONS yo 2.8 Neto seen Tsp eae a ee 72 25.|: 99.6,| 120) 14.0) '1k@
DR se a SN. ce aif: ce Paul en a | 9.45 a.m...... 71 DM hi OO Be. ce Bae tees ae ee
Roles tas 10:3 |... 13.0), 79.8) | S4daqmees so: 78 22)|, 100:8:| 12:5) 32.5 6.0
DOOR 7. ome 1056! 12-63) Ghd ["Si55 qn. meee eee 72 21° 99.8! eal 125 1.0
« Not in fully normal condition; for additional details see table on p. 279 et seq.
HRDLICKA]
(d) PIMA GIRLS—Continued
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
297
Il. InprAn CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TaBLE 3. Face measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature;
force—Continued
Face. Physiological data.
. | Tem- Force
Record no. eee eter h i Facial Ti td Pulse Aes ae Pressure.
ton-na- ae indexg|c ee oe ey (sit 7) (sub) == |
sion). | max. ting). lin- |. Right | Left |
gua.) | hand. | hand
cm. cm. OUR. kg. kg.
2Okee oso ssses 10.3 11.8 Seoul) G05 a. Mes. =-- 7 22 99.5 13.0 10.0
1 ee aser 10.0 12.3 81.3 | 8.30 a.m....-. 78 20 99.4 15.5 13.0 |
203: <:<.5- see 10.2 12.3 Cea eS LO ema a (82) (22)} (100.1)} 14.5 12.0
Pat): Ros See 9.8 12S |a = 81500|08-20:ancm= se 5: 78 | 18 99. 4 15.0 12.0
2OD* cesses 10.3 12.0 85.8 | 9.45 a. m...... a (90) 20 | (100.1); (9.0)} (5.0)
DOGS sna) alae 10.1 12.1 8950) |) 9.39.8. Mes. a (92) 20 | (100.1)} 12.5 10.5
Oi emesis 10.6 13.6 Hoe) | Ohl is olga ts sae 72 23 99. 4 14.0 10.5
LORE Pe a 9.9 IPA T NS = Wiles Eile onus oeeo a (78) (36)| (100.0)| = 13.5 12.5
DOOE 3 Se eee 10.7 12.0 89524 lho On pegtine eee 72 24 99.8 16.0 14.0
B00. 2.2 Ss56% 10.2 12.5 81.6 | 11.30a.m...-.. 72 18 99.6 20.0 16.5
AOR See s-ee-8 11.0 12.7 86.6 | 11.40 a.m..... 74 20 99.6 15.0 14.0
B02 aes 10.6 12.7 obey || Ul) ysis soos. 72 24 99.9 16.0 13.5
BOS5. 25a 10.1 13. 2 76.6 | 10.50 a. m-..... 78 19 99.0 12.5 10.0
Bil: bone nn Se 10.3 13.0 (be ble: Gye igsrleoene 68 16 99.6 15.0 13.5
Hise Se eemee 11.6 13.3 SVorsal| aller, si Beasasce 72 16 99.5 17.5 16.5
P306-5 cS -Se 10.6 12.6 8401 ||9:55'a. mi’... a (100) (26)| (100.5)| (12.5)| (8.0)
Ne LGR ae rae 10.3 13.0 79.2 | 11.458. m..-.- 66 23 99.3 14.0 12.5
Be a See Os SEES boas] AES EE ee BeeeSe ee 1110; a. me == 62 18 QONORE Sareseeilbitcig- ik =
BOD s 0.55 10. 4 12.6 82.5 | 8.45 a. M...... 76 24 99.7 16.5 15.5
See ceeaes 10.9 13.1 83.2 | 10.25.a.m-....- 70 28 99.2 16.5 14.5
Ci Sol oes 10.6 13. 2 SOG Wn Ob GENS ASE eae 84 21 99.5 19.5 14.0
B1Ie ae een eee 10. 4 12.7 81-9-|-9:05\a. M-.-... a (88) 23 99. 4 14.0 10.5
SIS Fes -faiceee 10. 4 13.0 SOLON) OS iam S<- 74 22 99.9 14.5 12.5
S14a se. 365% 10.6 13.1 80.9 | 8.35a.m-..... a (90) 24 99.5 17.5 15.0
SIS R ene ce 10.6 12.6 84.1 | 4.40 p. m.-..... 78 22) 100.4 17.5 15.0
Oh eee, See 10.6 12.9 OLDE WC Dont meine soee a (90) (16)) (100.0); 18.0 16.5
Bi Vs See res 11.0 12.6 87.3 | 4.10 p. m..-..-- a (102) (22)|} (100.0); 18.5 18.0
SISh eceraae 10.5 13.1 80.1 | 4.10 p. m....-- 75 18 99. 7 19.0 15.0
LOB eh esac he T5 13.3 S6y05| 3:15). me. 23. 72 24} 100.0} (17.5)) \®)
S205. eee eee 11.3 12.4 Cli! Nitekeay ig p10 baa ees 72 24 99. 5 18.5 15.5
CPA eco SBoee na SpSeters emarans|Ssctecrs OVbiae mMeeee.- a74 Gl, 9852" |2- a atecallasnrree
Caer ae 10.2 12.9 TOR LOE Oh ers T= ie 72 16 99.2 22.5 20.5
Se en es aon Se| SOBRE ON Me noes «| brimes ade LQ ees a (84) 18 99% Sh cc Smale sere ae
Cy See ean 11.2 12.9 86.8 | 9.10 a.m...... a72 19 99.8 19.5 13.0
CU ReneS Se 10.7 12.9 8259 ||| 9:25iasm <5. = a (86) 22 99.3 15.0 13.5
BLO ea = = eee 10.6 13.6 Weg) | 4.30ip> MS. - = 78 22 99.9 14.0 12.0
OUisoelsaeenee 11.0 12.2 90.2 | 9.35a.mM.....- 72 18 99.6 16.5 | ¢ 14.5
SOS BoB aBoc ee 10.3 13.2 78.0 | 10.40 a.m..... 78 18 99.5 18.0 20.0
GP beprnbebas 10.8 14.0 (ies | AUR Pap cole seee 66 22 99.4 22.0 18.5
OU eae 10.6 13.5 78.5 | 10.35 a.m..... 76 22 99.9 20.0 17.5
30 linea are 10.5 13.3 7829)|' 1.30) p.m. a= 72 18 99.8 13.0 12.5
GRY Sere SSene 11.0 12.9 85.3 | 4.40 p.m...-..-. a72 25 99.7 18.5 17.5
ht Cee eee eee 10.4 13.2 ticles Pall KE Toace leer 60 21 99.5 12.0 10.0
bbs ssi Je Pa iles 13.0 8659) || 3.30)p> ma... =: -| 68 20! 100.1 20.0 18.0
aNot in fully normal condition; for additional details see table on p. 279 et seq.
» Sore finger.
¢ Left-handed.
Trac-
tion.
298
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[ BULL, 34
Il. Inprian CHILDREN oF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 3. Face measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature;
Jforce—Continued
(d) PIMA GIRLS—Continued
Face
Record no. roe eter Di Hagin
ton-na- eee index
sion). max
cm. cm.
BoD Fee Aen Bates 12 14.1 85.8
SH baaeaeepoe 10.6 12.8 82.8
SEY Gpoosaaecs 10.9 13.0 83.8
Ree Snoeonee 11.5 13.7 83.9
BOO 2 sate ae eet dooeeasdlisapcssoc
S40 Stee access 11.0 13.2 83.3
GAL aS aseee = 11.3 13.2 85.6
SY ier Se eee 11.4 1B 87.0
SAB ore eee ere cers ae || Seaeieee te Stare ee
Be ee eros 10.8 13.8 78.3
B45 se eemekrase 11.0 13.2 83.3
GAGs eaten eameee leeeee aoe nese aoe
SY eine ae 11.2 13.9 80.6
Gy ae emer 11.3 12.9 87.6
B49 oot. sce ete 11.4 13.1 87.0
B00 cee scones 11.0 13.5 81.5
ao peas 10.9 13.8 79.0
85) peep 10.6 12.9 82.2
EC emer 1122" |e5 1A.6 4p 8258
Ci ieee tere toes woes eee ee me
5D OSS eee eS) AREA CEG
BOOKS teem ee 11.4 13.3 85.7
OO le mee sinieciee 10.8 12.9 83.7
Bhi: Pea Beerae 11.2 13:7 81.7
B00! se cecal 10.6 13.4 79.1
B00) ee cis sersee 11.4 13.1 87.0
SOLE aco 11.2 13.8 81.2
ODS were 10.9 13.4 81.3
BOSE {ea aie se tee eae cle sckeeen|ereterge eete
S64 Te) TBS | yey?
S65. So cek Saeco eer Ser eee erate
S6p tae a cee UTES.) PARES AT
OO Meaee sec ce 10.9 13.6 80.1
S08. sea. eee 11.8 13.5 87.4
3695 e es 3-cs8 10.9 13.4 81.3
370 eee Wal 13.0] 85.4
BTet co mias sabe Si) 1492 79.6
Sia sasee Seen 11.6 12.9 89.9
Bist secs scee 11.3 13.6 83.1
Ol Aware: a ateiccie |e sjaececleeisieosce | y-tee ee
BlOvrecaemce-|SaseareelSoeseeee |Reeeees
ST One's Lnsese| Sceserec| seme toes seeeeee
Slit eccasens 10.6 13.8 76.8
Sieepeaoraee 2 12.7 88.2
S79 ec aces ce 11.8 14.3 82.5
Time of day.
Physiological data.
Tem- Force.
Wone | ton Pats Pressure.
ting). | dingy. | Gime. | Ri Bh
ght | Left tion
gua). | hand. | hand.
oy nt kg. kg. kg.
67 20) <9 le 20555 Gah metas
078 19 | (100.5)| 15.0] 10.0 6.5
66 184 99576 |) = 2Os5al) 1580 4.5
78 Dey || mean ee es ONES Il alah} 12.5
72 Diels -O954ule sacs | See
72 20| 98.9] 20.5] 18.0 14.5
72 18|_ 99.6] 16.5] 14.5 10.5
72 18 99.9 21.0 18.0 1285
a (80) (22) (GOSS) be neeeess ener en ee
72 21| 99.6] 23.5] 20.5 9.5
a (90) 22| 99.6| 18.0] 13.5 2.0
76 172) 90874 a Le ss ee
a (84) 1Qu|= SOORD HP MISEON ares 12.0
72 7a) GOS60l Ny e2285ul 2080 14.0
78 24| 99.2} 18.5] 15.5 13.0
68 19| 99.7] 018.5] 17.5 5.5
84 145] ) FOQNON| 625i at7<0 6.0 .
a(90) (24)| (100.1)| 19.5] 17.5 10.0
72 22| 99.6| 26.0] 22.5 18.0
70 17 | OO NOE eae el penis ese
63 18| 99.2) 29.5] 26.5 17.5
80 24] -99.7| 27.0| 24.5 8.0
78 20| 99.9] 22.5] 19.0 9.5
84 22] 99.9] 29.5} 24.5 14.0
(COND Bal hae eee a ss a 18.0} 14.5 8.0
(yO San eee 9975 1880 7.0
78 20} 99.3) 21.0] 18.0 13.5
72 201) “9956 22850 a7. 9.0
a (98) (26)\|/- (100"5)\| 2852s eee
78 20| 99.5 i 21.5| 19.5 12.0
60 Gs ey en erst panes el eee et
72 20| 99.3] 27.5] 20.0 8.0
74 19] 99.1] 19.5] 18.0 6.0
63 20) 99.4] 28.5] 24.5 12.5
a78 20 | 99.9] 25.0] 28.0 15.0
76 20| 99.1] 21.5] 20.5 8.0
78 19| 99.7) 025.0] 25.5 13.0
74 22) 99.6| 22.5| 21.0 9.5
a78 205| 0 999ul 235i es2I0 12.0
70 SON SOoush bes seal Saeeee seer
72 16° = 996i |e: 2-0 At eoee eee
72 | TOMI 9OUSR es | eee ae
66 200), 992241) 23200 2010 12.0
a (86) 18| 99.4] 26.0] 22.5 16.0
72 17| 98.9] 27.5] 26.5 19.5
@Not in fully normal condition; for additional details see table on p. 279 et seq.
b Right-handed.
HRDLICK A] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 299
Il. INDIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 3. Face measurements; pulse, respiration, temperature;
force—Continued
(d) PIMA GIRLS—Continued
Face. Physiological data.
ent | Diam- | ai) some beatae eres ta
Record no. ee eter bi- Facial Ti Sasi Pulse een ae Pressure. |
fonena- |) Seer, | index. |) “OS Hop). (Site). (@uib) |=— ee Sc
sion). | max ting). | lin- | Right | Left | tion.
: gua). | hand. | hand. |
cm. cm. | SOF kg. kg. kg.
S80! So csa Bees 11.3 13.8 S159.) 4-50) pass = a72 20 100.1 20.0 17.5 12.0
SOL sere ee lokal 13.8 80.4 | 7.40 a. m...... 66 23 99.7 (b) (20.5)! (b)
SOL ce aaa sas 11.4 13.9 82.0 eo geen DLberats at 58 24 98.9 28.0 25.5 20.0.
Se Eee one eae Seer! Sean ene | 10.40 a.m..... 64 DY NEES) CT RER AS orl a repel ea SP
Odes asec 11.6 14.0 82.9 | 11.30a.m..... a72 22 99.6 26.0 23.5 | 16.0
Ho es Ree 11.4 13.5 84.4 | 9.40 a.m...... 7 19 99.1 33.0 29.5 20.5
hPa sacks SeaecSee aceeaer [besecees | 11.15 a.m..... 60 18 QOE 5 |*. eee [Beceem laeeSsooc
Bol conmceiaee 11.6 13.4 86.6 | 4.20 p.m-....-.. a (86) (20)| (100.5) 27.5 21.0 12.0
988 oo oseoses é 11.6 13.6 She SN 210 ps Winans ese a (84) (24) 99.5 28.5 26.0 15.0
S80 i Scewtecce 11.2 14.3 78.8; | 8.50) a. Mm... ..- 66 22 98.8 31.5 29.0 18.0
SOO E Soi sees | peternser etic vielline eres Se 10.50 a. m-..... 62 17 gl (ers ate Beare See ceee
4 Not in fully normal condition; for additional details see table on p. 279 et seq.
6 Right hand sore.
TABLE 4 (Male).¢ Teeth; condition of subject?
(a) APACHE BOYS
Ree- | Teeth.c
ord Position. a ; Condition of subject. @
no. First. Seeond.
Right... 7 ess eae
ae ight. .] 1
455 reap ee ope (+)
Lower, {Risht--|1| 2 a Lae +
left [1 52 ee JACI Ne ea a a
ADGU eer sae see All 20. [sl Po ee ee Fa | a (+)
AD Tal ie fhe eas Caer ones ee All 20. sBdlistaleveleea Beal ee ees eee (+)
CSI | ee rs All 20. SSalocsl hind val eee eed lee (+)
CU | sepa ope RE en? fe All 20. aoe cos meee Sap se Bed are ee (+)
Right. } oe
par ight All 20 8
ne ihetta-- All 20. ue 8 (+)
{Right. All 20. Lee | 8
Lower |
Left... All 20. Ree 18
i |
Sc ere aia eaa
461 Hee Pe) Met ocr . (+)
Lower, jright--| 1 | 2 COM | (idl ene her el Dae
Teeter tieoelar iva lop Me le lef Segal
a The continuation of Table 4 (Male) will be found on p. 322 et seq.
b See also table on p. 283 et seq.
ce Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateralincisor; 3,canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9,second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
: 7 aba (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
ata).
300
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[BULL. 34
II. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGEsS—Continued
TABLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject —Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Ree-
ord
no.
Position.
Teeth.b
Second.
Condition of subject. ¢
462
464
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
jRight..
Upper..
| Be abetth
Lower. {
Right. .
former -(rett
fRight..
[Left....
(Right...
Wette..-
Lower..
Upper...
Lower..
Lower. 4
See =
fe uetteees
Lower. |
[Right ..
=> |heft-238
{Right..
Right. .
ettse..
Upper..|
|
Right...|---
eftzo.|2--
Right. .j...
feel orate |e
fRight..|...
= (Wettee a|ee
Right22|5--
Lett..sc}ox
Right .|---
eit..24|22-
(Right..|......
= |\Dettso seclisae
* (Left... -22..|
Right 1-1...
ateftsee=|=e
Right..|...
Ss eente se |ase
Right. 4. ele
mI OLG: eel eee! oars
fRight..)...]...
ral Battes a\eeiont
e
NOweonennewnonnd wd WY bw
a
Nw hw Wh bh
a See also table on p. 283 et seq.
b Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
ee hk
ae ke ee ke ee ee ee ee ee
ake PR ROR RR ROR OR RP PR ROR
4
ov or Gr Or Sr Or Ot Or Gu Ot Sr Or Gt Gr Gtr St Gt Gr Gt Ot Gt ot ot
5
or or or ot
or or or Sr Gr Gr ot Gt ot ot
a — a a oa aS
.
0 CO CO OO
CmamomnnmnmmwmwmmmmMmm~m~mniMmimimniDmTIiDwmwniDmniDwmwniwmniDwnmw—mniDmniDmniwmiwmninwwmnm w
oo
Not fully well.
~|; Tongue coated.
Tongue slightly coated.
(+)
(+)
(+)
Ras . quite well,
(+)
(+)
Not quite well.
(+)
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
301
Il. Inpran CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 4 (Male).
Teeth; condition of subject “—Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Rec-
ord
no.
Position. =
Teeth.
Second.
Condition of subject. ¢
473
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
a See also table on p. 283 et seq.
Upper.
Lower. -
(Upper...
Lower.
|
|
ess
li rer.
pper..
es
Upper.
Hee
Upper. -
ee
Upper.
re
Upper.
Be
Upper.
ee
Upper..
ee
ee
Lower...
ese
te ite
a 4
ees peter
Right..|..~
Left...
f Right...
sleetteee- aisles
fRight..|...| 2
alinettseee |e
{Right..
Nlitett==-
(Right... sists eis
a ethan eeeal os
RighGes\tes| sas cele
seed Sh ras oll rele
a aie Ee alect
Right. .| 1 |
[1
bo bw
Beftec ze |hes lace
jRight..
blitettze=e| Sao eee
Right s2|see|< 5s) e|
124201 Sa eeelscol noe
(Right. ..
eit soul te len alee
ew alas
hettzs Jaslene
eee |
Left
fRight..|...).-
liiette see Peel
Right... onl esas
de veteliee
Right. .}...].
eee Biaells
WWOWwWwWwHwHnwnHnwwnwww:
w
wWwwwwwwww w
ae ee ee ee
ae me
Pelave
FSS Sunt SS SG SG SCS STS
‘
4 |
oe
AnnAnnannannanannnaanaan;n:
aAanannannnanaanana:
Or or Or Or or NH oo oH oH ot on
7
a a a a a a a i i i a a a a a RR
bw:
:
a
bo |
ww wow
>
~~]
wowww:
.
DAA:
: NI
NNN NNNNNNN NNN NNN NNNNNNNNYNNNNN NN WNW WD
a. Goes ww oo | eran ’
Bal merats rs ier
co CO
C0 00 00 WO WH OH HOO OOO OC
oo
CmmemmDMrBmBDBMDBDIMmMDImMOBDTBDIDBDIDBDIwDIDwmDnmwmnnmnnBnnwnwnwnmo nn oo
oe
-weel---
(+)
(+)
Tongue slightly coated.
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(Gs)
Not quite well.
b Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, aaterior bicuspid; Us posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar: 9, second molar; 10 (= x), third molar.
c Symbol (+) Means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
302
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[ BULL. 34
Il. Inprian CuitpreN oF ApPPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject *—Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
mee Teeth.d
ord Position. ae eae Condition of subject. ¢
[Upper..{igtt. 2/314] 5 1 | |---|-+-| 8
ae Left. << [22-213 \o-<|°3 1 |aa|=-|.6 8
ieee Right..|...|...| 3] 4] 51] 2| 8 (+)
Wettescafe tee 3 4 oie 2 8
Upper..{Right..|...)..., 3) 4] 5]1) 2 8
He lasers, 2 eels x) aul ea4) Sse Bee sel a
Lower... Right |3|4)5]1/2 AS) Bre Ese a
| ett Wat 4s Biel Wee oat stele
[Upper.. Right. . a ees bis te | ese ese
ee (weit. --|---|--.| 3 |---| 5] | 2/2216", pes
Neower. {Bish ~ 3) 4) 5]1)2 8
Left. 3 |/4-| Se |e 8
Upper. .{Right 13[4)5)1)2 8
ee (Left... |3|4 511) 2| 8 an
Lower. {Right 13 (4) 501 | 2 ees
| Left... 3} 4|5]1) 2]..-|. 8
Upper. . {Right be Seay Dales 8
eS letty: lecaponltes Sean eaeles 8 Ee
‘LLower..[Right..|------ --- 4) 5]1/ 2) 3). 8
| atte a: 4| eae 7alvial folgleodbey Beal eaal|
upper. {ight a he |5]1|2]3/6]...)8
490. Wettise <<] )o2-leee | 5]1|2|3/6)-..)8 es
lrower.{ien Palla sy (ea eee
Lefts: [ences l-ne[85 [0 | 2°38) 6-478
| (upper. .{Right-.|---|---|--- SSW ales eGneecles
in (lefties 22/5 ees: |}5]1/2)/3|6]-..)8 ne
| Repo oee is sh atti Mae ech ae eae jsf 2 | 2 6|7|8
| litetieees BeetlSoaleoleoe ane if |) & Cues
(upper. ./Right..)---|--- 3 |...) 5] 1 | 2 6 |.2.1'8
re | Teeth tln|elee oles Nec eb a Nn Wa 2 Veal Oa| een eae @
etree. (Bieht.-|-s. |e steefpen(BIf | 21/346 | igBil hee
Vet? |e 2.)2-21 ceo 21/3) eleaes
(upper. .[Right..|-..}---)------) 59 2|316|...1 8
aes | ett se lees (ee renee Poni lal 2ule3 16/2 1Es BS
Lovet eee Kiedis a ROPE MNGY Reals
Teeftee: Heda loc see Wee cRDHAEL pe ish NGr leaps
(Upper. .{Right..|.-.|---|--- 4\5]1|2 8
il | lLeft....]...]---| 3] 4] 5] 1) 2 8 s
Fives (RIE ieee. 4|5]1|2/3|...)---|8 )
|efts - S)2e Ieee SL pe eSulGned jes
Upper..| Right. .|--.|--- 3/4/1511) 2 8 :
ws | [Left....]..-]---1 3 | 4] 592) 2 8 ae
power. (biebte|---|---) oi Aa\ou eye 8
Left....]...|-.-| 3) 4] 5] | 2 |---|---|---[ 8
Upper. fRight..|---|---|-+-}-+-].5 Ul 2 | ccanOy aes
w | \Left....|-..|--.[ 3] 4] 5] 12 |---|---|---] 8 es
Lower, jrisht-tWaje--le-| Vey teeta oe eleealezel ee
Niet seinem aes Peasy) (aa e eel es Sele lkise
a See also table on p. 283 et seq.
> Explanation: 1, median incisor;
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspi
c Symbol (+) means in good health and norma,
data).
2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
d; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; LOi(=x) 5 third molar.
1 state; has reference chiefly to Table3 (physiological
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 303
Tl. InptaAn CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGEs—Continued
TaBLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject ~—Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Teck Teeth.b
ord Position. = Condition of subject. ¢
no First Second
Upper../Right..|...|...| 3 5} 1|2 Gil fea) (8) |e
ce tivatt eet Iee alae clus tol oele (61a: egal. 5
mille ree Rienteste. cei 4.5 04.12 Ras (4)
POSE eye see aT 2 es Pa Pe 1
prs ete alee eae) oe] seat tay 28/3 Bari (8. |
Ina tite sees een | Hl Se Gil eel Sil osetia. |
498 iret ee Salta louise ealecl gal. Tongue slightly coated.
Teoh eel eal seieacenloeed ok 2h Sil BAL Til isal.
Upper..f Right.) 3) 318 92) Se Pe ee)
E : hed
ee _ Weft....)...].--) 8 )--) 571) 2]. 6 }.-.] 8 |.-.)--. (+)
Teg were) pele Wier | earl me | salen | Ol L271) S| Oller) Balace|- =a
NOB sacl cells eset lodellecd (non EMEC Ge ke
Sees de ligt elo
mm = ht Bede ot om ile. a
Lower. .}*18 = lecles Sigel |
Left... Emel (27-3), Galea Bi |< 2) |
Upper... {Right : 1.2/3) 6 8 |. |
|Left.. aS QeleSh |G) |h7a|| Sule since
Ol | | i ll.
ie (Right Bi e2| siecle ip te
Left. BL 2) 36) 2-218 |
Upper..| Right. ji 2 6|7|8| :
5 Psettenes|2ee|ee alee 2 6 7) 8|---|.-.| (+4)
Lowor..{Right 5] 1 2 Giles lesa haenes
Left SHEL, 2 |e | Gel net |e ae
ae 4/5}1,2/ 31. | 8} 9].
hese 2|3| |
ae Left. a3) iB 3|6]...| 8| 9 |. (+4)
oe Right... IES =) (GAGA) We So ee pl 3
Left... ean eS ig eens) |-celeee Si ls
Upper. je an | 3] 4) 5]1) 2 OS ale ee eee
| 3 | 2 pealece
ne Olathe see 22] lS) a | at | 8 |---| (4)
acces (Right... A ee eel eee | (alate Sileecieee
(Lett...) 22]ec./ 35) 4) 80 1) 2 a1) (aa ee
Taper (Riene nels. CV TESS! Antal eet gee eae a ae
ae (Left....)...|... Bhi 2a a3] Lae) 4 Sille (+)
. Lower. .(RiBbts-|ome|-22h3) 4b t12 8
lett 222 | cee eae eer ean Raney he ele sls ela sBt (oot
| |
oe {Rights |. -) | 4b 41 2) 3 ABalle Seclk es
| PUP ees Be aise ZN AS) | hy (ces | ea ee tc
506 ieclee | (+)
(eae {Right. Alb | (al SOARS AE Os (esl! 4335 eae ee
| (Lett... eee alPR tire 271 e@el |: |.
one ia atl elle) (aT ME rt Wal
| (Left... Brie swt) | el Ga BS a Te ae
507 i eae | (+)
| ee pee Pig 1 23 hed 7) | 9 [2
"| Left alae 423/671 8)8
Teeee Right. Sih ad (USO) | ERI Ra Ss a
“"|Left.... 3/4]/5]1 2|...| [8 |.
508 : | | (+)
Lower. (entree a).4limi[ 2 |'2 | | Weulesela
Letts: lee Tee A Ue lee SS eee
a See also table on p. 283 se seq.
b Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar: 9, second molar; 10 (= x), third molar.
a “ Syubo! (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
ata).
304
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[ BULL. 34
Il. InpIAN CurpREN oF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TaBLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject ~—Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Ccntinued
Rec- Teeth.b :
ord Position. Condition of subject. ¢
no. First. Second.
| [ie
Rightesleccloesiealece ween ch ilee Baral Baleecleee
‘a UEEer Ate ea ee SRG fete (gl cela ae Ge
I epeaeks eas li Ay ab ea) 3 Oe [Silecelens
| *\heft.-. |. Bes, ale Pew Ge eels eee
Right ilelsiel7is 9 |.
{Upper ee sa )2! 356i) TiI8)) 9 lcclleoreenen
Bacall fee Ohe Geely Che es one
prone Lett ..[ee-| 57112] 376-18] 9 |.
Right AS al eoe PSM ale |h2nleee sO al -e4 hoa see leee
- Weta oe Ag Vaal eologle sea: lesalacalecs i
ee fRight..|... al gileaale peas alee at alee SA eles
*-|Left.. Alig lgs| e5 hate) alee alee ee Baleeinas
{Right BV eles: erie es Pe el ee re
eeleeeas " |Left... Vad eesb Ble Ota pM ae
ama {Right Bla a pall | eee ers eS lees [ee
Left veeleef4 [BT] 2 ]---)--/--- 8 aks
Right. DAL Ry el ANG [ile Belial @ Hesell oleac sec
sg Upper =-tpete 2) 3 |...) 5]1]...|..- | 6 | 8 RAILS ae
ae Ae aie J---| 4) 512) 2) 3] Seales
Wettesae| HES REA 5s POR ES Ne Selle IRSalseclzee
DUA Se ieee sistas sete ote |_..\...|...] Allexcept last molars. (+)
Up or, {Right 3/4/5911 | 2 ale 3/889] eters
e. \Left.. |3|4|5]1)2 ol aloe ee iy
Lower, /Right S| Anaya [2 a St ealeee
|Left.. HSaleaule5al tell 20 eee eee ae Sel eealeee
Nearer ee 1 Qysteliellalesaeciee
oP | Left... ---1) 2) 3) 6| FAAS eel oe a
eae {Right ---| 4] 591] 2 |---]------] 8 |---|
|Left. eer HET) sg es fees Pec
taser eter essa ee Allexcept last molars (+)
[ATS Ree e eae eeasccoee E55 bac ged Scullooc Allexcept last molars (+)
upper.., ent tosh teal 7: \eeleee| Se
26 Left. fe 23s Ga| te eSUNO) face a
Lower. | Right: : (ah OSG rel ven Oh tee
Left... Fae at 2 Sa Geez HOR | see
Gpete fRight |3)4/5]1] 21 SAS ee Bee
cae |Left....|...|--.] 3] 4] 591 | 2 |---|---[-- ALS Ne 5 Ch)
Lower, {Right- J 4] 591) 2) 3 )-..|..1 8 |---/---
| Lefi- ois aeapel al) aloe cele ea | ROM oetene
+ |
sates Le | |4/5]1 eel Bleu eesiece
eo eft.. (4) 5]1 Aes e Sale a
ae ees SSE 4) ty} [al ae Pal oe Begins
eetts: Mey eles] ||) ES clbsaleec B|eedlboe
upper. J Right SiR ta pee |e) jay sab .| 6 |...] 8 |--.].--
a |Left.. | 3 )4] 591 | 2)--c}e-s)2- Silex (+)
Lower, right |...,5}1/2]3]6)...) 8].
"Left a4 PON WSR lee. Silaee laa
a See also table on p. 283 et seq.
b Explanation: 1, median inciso
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, pos
e Symbol (+) means in good health and norma,
data)
.
r; 2, lateral incisor; 38, canine;
terior bicuspid: 8, first molar;
l state; has reference chiefly to
9, second molar;
4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
10 (=x), third molar.
Table 3 (physiological
il
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 305
II. InpDIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject*—Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Rec- Teeth.b
ord Position. —= = rail Condition of subject. ¢
no. First. Second.
| | |
Biptiess| (0213-4 pL (2 bees. Ie sesWe She esl
fore alae Weoley eee ee eae
ee | Rignt..|...|...13) 4/591] 2 |---|... eaelbghlied:leccles Cx)
a a 3/4) 5]1|2|...).. We lparieeele
Gay Oe er eee ..-|---|---|:--|---[ All except last molars. (+)
tae Ie--[-a-f--p2 [2 [3] 6] 7] 8]--.[...
|Left. Sh Raul Pop Lal oe enlace tee | 8
a8 Bee fee | |..., 5$1/2]3) 6 - 18 |. oe
~~ [Left eles} Oileda| 2 Sea [8]
Right al) SAIS des [orl Ip iee lLe = sales
= To al |.--[3| 4) 5]}1|2 elerele an
rower. jright--|---|---]3|4|5]1| 2 2a alae
-"lLeft.. alee peal si ets a lea tlealeeenles IL.
OL i eewiee cee ee eee pesl Io ll ESL ae Allexcept last molars. | (2)
828) Sancioe net easeseaees -..|---|---].--|---§- All except last molars. Not quite well.
Right Weiler eee Gree Sel: Ou hac
Upper fear lesa i ttegla! Neale) tee |''g | cou):
rae Dish ae ale uets (2 |) Oya: )k0: |e. >
HOt Gheee [eerie seal ee |p DIM 2 Ih Si) Beall S|. 91].
DSO emece mace eeciss ce ass wee{e==|==-|--=]- Ali except last molars. (+)
Upper eae So See Sil eonese hOulesele Sale |
Left-. ll Se Eel ay | aU a ed asi eal Set Se ee
531 | Right Ae Pale) (eh iil | Not long after lunch.
Lower. | ae ea) ig aber ee ee so eee end
goer: ee Peale A 2S See Gu ical cule
Left... Seb let G2) NSeliGr leaals Sie
382 Lower, /Right- 5]1/2/3)6|...) 8) 9|...| (+)
|Left... SUSU 2N Sal kOe IReaIS ln On|ecet
Upper..| ni TO SGN) POS eee
Left... Henle Sel Gall Zee Sa ipOn eee! ie?
533 Right. 2) eee isl. DI Tongue whitish.
Lower-trete | boo) i) pile aa ic a ca eee
Dod eee maces. tae Bente thee leo ALS So Sc Peer ea eed ees ea (+)
Upper re | 571] 2)3/6 |...) 8] 9 |...)
Left... S| all ONES TNGS 8| 9
0 NN ower. {Rent |..41/2}3]6|7|8|9 a
(Betts i) Wee ae eecleea pnt ont 34 6x17," 8.|/9) |.
DaGw| ee sama wee ssi Sosleaclecclaec|---§ —Alliexcept last molars (+)
ere eae : Bela hon eee Gules Sil
Left... 571/2/3/6 Sisk eee!
537 Right. slileals3le alkane Shortly after lunch.
eee (ers 4|5]1j2|3 ls |9
ir leGodee socbarpogoaue |...] Allexcept last molars. do.
Upper... uEM*- Sige, (elie ds aa hee (Sileocises
a8 Mette) eee] ecl-oleee op 1 ye2i/'3 (60-2 .| 8. ee
Lower. [ent ecellcaallecescal Dy | fee] Shy) a ea sae)
Ni elsdellsellccel eel) Pabelneaull SNUG) | eee el E31 Me)
>
a See also table on p. 283 et seq.
+6 Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
F c ee (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
ata).
3452—Bull. 34A—08——20
306
BUREAU
OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
II. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
Tasux 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject “—Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Reec- Teeth.6
ord Position. = ae = Condition of subject.c
no. First. Second.
7 “8 | : 4
_ [rarer allseclk ele | 3a eae 9
Upper...) ° |
Meltzo22 BS 2 tdi NOs let S8a9
540 | ; | G:)
Lower. .pisht 1/2}3|6|7/8|9
(Left 1|2/3|6|7|8]9
D4 aoc tecccsae eee ne |- Allexcept last molars. Not quite well.
O42 oeahemictioseemece sleet Allexcept last molars. (4+)
DSB nec asse cece cay ee .--|---|-.. Allexcept last molars. (+)
Right 2 : OM eee HGS ee 5
Upper..| ig 3 541 2 al Sule Ones
el Left. Bip BE eS ha be-all Lia Lab) el oe
| Right PGs (Tee ne cal eS Seal es Ce)
Lower. . [hee pea
Left... ey restel seat anil (Oval) eee ol bee Sag) Ee
Right |
Iqopper2) ig Ales) ec e Le SES)
Piel |Left.. Beep [53] 260 (et 168
| fRight oe es ee aaa eS Fea aes ee ee Se)
|(Lower. . |
etter os |5os) a ANS Ig bay ules MG sles] eS elec
546 ses ae eeanes. face eialcaleee Allexcept last molars. (+)
G47 jee sacae Seen te aero chess Allexcept last molars, (+)
OAS eis ae mere sate aoe oe Ske Se Allexeept last molars. (+)
Upper. . {Right Sila: 12) ese ee [8 are
ieett. os slot dele | Silesian 18 poll ze
549 | | | lel (+)
| iste || 102 HS IG, Te | Sel On| ace
Lower | | |
(ette2 3 |e Ie Li] 2 i)c3,| Se eter Se eal ae
SOON | oar cee secs ete Pee Allexcept last molars. (+)
15 | ees SN eg eae Allexcept last molars. (4+)
O02 hPa cere eee se cree Allexcept last molars. (+)
GEE Nes Sane eee All except last molars. (+)
O98) | Soercomadateronsaca boelse All except last molars. | Tongue yellowish at base.
555 | Aree Seen Nee All except last molars. (+)
556 |oeee sees eee eee eee ee eel All except last molars. (+)
| Right E eo ae} Shiu lene
foprer--fy ee -|- Sule : 1 ; Glees | 9
557 | eft. Ale by) | AU AS a3) (a ee sea (+4)
| fRight..|...|. Wt QU See@se7 88:4"9) ose
Lower. . | |
| [Left. ...|... eel Hela Re IMIR EIRCH Bea
SOStl yee eee ie all All except last molars, (+)
55 Oil Sane ate eee Hells All except last molars (+)
|
SOO RIM Ace eer eee |e All except last molars. (+)
elatioelsesllosalleeuleee AyD [eSHlonlezs| es: |eoul eS
ucpec) ee | | | | |
eel Nicett. scale eee 1)2)3/6)...)8| 9)... (
eel Rightoe lees ee ae lees 16 ese SHIROE ere nSale Onis: 1D
Lower | Na ae likal
Left. Peele ole AE aateoa Bol amaless|nGyl see
DED a aed se 9 oe ee eee ee lee All except last molars. (+)
ES{eU 79 Meee ay EP ne eed Dy boats | oe All except last molars. (+)
54 Beas ee eee ei Ow || Pre |- ee All except last molars. (+)
BB eae mentee coo tal ea Sel ae All except last molars, (+)
171 eg me eee me PR fe Fh aA All except last molars. (+)
[ BULL. 34
a See also table on p. 283 et seq.
t Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
a ¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
ata).
HRDLICK A]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
307
II. InpDIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGEs—Continued
TABLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject “Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Rec- Teeth.?
ord Position. =
no | First. Second.
) | |
Upper. _[Righte-)----2----s-f 1] 2) 3/6) 7 8/9 |..
| sp Uieehtc [le sale lected AN | <2 3) 6) 7 Sulg ie.
ser Reha see eeeteee eee 1) Pan: | GilsoalGhloeclese
Horde Moh le 1/2)3 ol ls Ace
BOS ten essence aeee serail ac i tb All except last molars.
569 Wace one cesesce-= =i |. All except last molars.
DIO! | Socoateaeemes cmisisce aelehaltaetal sere lee All except last molars.
fietebitea|-ec|ee=|eee) es /oe-p i) 2,|>=-) 6) zi | 781], Obl.
lB ietpe le eoue teal ait ait selveailte |e | 0° 2.
ait Right. .| Jil2isiel7isigl..
powe leet ea eC Gal ey emt
BY Pile ee re ae cae eee Sollee sate hore All except last molars.
1S Sse ae at FR Pe Fab fy Pt
Upper... baer Lee ables leaalte Ibe B39 |
et Lower, {Right ales 1|2 vee T ee) ee
ae |Left. ...|- ij2|3|e}7 87|(9) [ae
574 | SaaS te am cee | z All except last molars.
Fay |e in eee Se ea ai All except last molars.
SUG Wi eeretstsr secs ees ches |. All except last molars.
YZ eee Me All except last molars.
578 Re ee ah ly fee de All except last molars.
COMBS eae ec emcees sft. 3 [ Boe All except last molars.
ES De pint Oe Th eee | All except last molars.
io1 le Roe nene coe Doerr | All except last molars.
LST SRA eet es eee -| Allexcept last molars.
Seid pe ee tc oO ci All except last molars.
Sie: | Ge oeeesee nan are ee All except last molars.
Right AGROB SAMGN eee Sule Oyler
Upper ieee 12.36 zislogl...
Pleas (Right 12/3 Sat aan
| Left...-}:-2|2 1|2)3/6]7/8] 9].
S65 | sets a sae oe All except last molars.
OS ig ene. ane All except last molars.
BOSh eserrsaeck oases All except last molars.
Right. .|. Metall eon (Gs ilirval rel) |e
on ees ee | festa) 1s | a3} 6:71-8:19 |...
Teawrer Sal | -} 1 2/3) 6 sel Peed 9 |---|
Left de I82ifedn\ Galt |18/19) | >.
ei) Ecco cecnoshesensone A All except last molars.
| Right is mip aGul eval esuln9,
| Upper. late 2a Sy Ga) F801 Qos
see Lower. [isn A241 36 | 7:|8 |.9)|-
| Left. . 1 Bos Oles ss] Olid
Right... JEL 1) 25) St) eae ae
he Upper. | Jij2]3/6}7/8)9
Right Ae oe cere eee Le ZA Sil Gxleral sa |eon =
|(\ Lower. . .
fee = ea HU ONS AGHie. elt Babee
a See also table on p. 283 et seq.
> Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
Condition of subject.c
(+)
(+)
Tongue whitish.
(4+)
CE)
(+)
eee after lunch,
Tongue slightly yellowish.
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
Tongue slightly coated.
(+)
(+)
Tongue slightly coated.
(+)
Had been running.
(+)
(+)
~-* Tongue whitish.
308 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TaBLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition. of subject —Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Seen — — — a
Rec- Teeth.
ord Position. = = Condition of subject. ¢
no. First. Second.
MB once sessesccsosecs All except last molars. (+)
10 AY St a eae All except last molars. (+)
BODO t\vanete ccs ...|.--|.--|---].--] All except last molars. (+)
ee ee ee | ee ees eee en IeSt hGalllecal lesa Boa ee
ene Viento ee (Se (al el | nS eR | Ball O| a
Riphibe:|seelge 3. see een a) 2) eB ea S001 es
Lower... |
Watt: ool cclece|s halos eel |e Sie Bi|-9.|_ 2
EXSY saeaeoonen ¢deoceses ...|-.-|..-|---|---| All except last molars (+)
dower third molars
about to appear).
03) | be conedepessosseour All except last molars. (+)
EXO)! | bo cecanseseosasmace All except last molars. (+)
(G00) baneaacSéesussegesd|sua|o-<
Upper. | te 1/2/3/6|7/8|9|x
oe Lower. {iat 1/2/3/6]7/8|91.- SS)
Left. Thy eZ ein On| eee oa| no
Right fal eSaRGh aval RSal20 2
re ie le 1/2\3le6l7\siai. ee
Righten|see| sacs S23 MOM aT eSRLOn ex
| Lower. tote 1}2|/3|6|)7|/8|9|x
(HN emacocrsences sense All except last molars. (+)
621 igre PA eee All except last molars. (+)
622i Ssecpeeres terrestres All except last molars. (+)
(Uh Ree eet Se eens ella AR Be All except last molars. (4+)
a See also table on p. 283 et seq.
b Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar;
¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal stat
data).
9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
e: has reference chiefly to Table (physiological
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 309
II. Inpran CHILDREN or APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject “—Continued
(a) APACHE BOYS—Continued
Reec- Teeth.b
ord Position. Condition of subject.c
no. First. Second.
G24 aancte reine se see [eealeee Allexcept last molars. (+)
G25 cme senate sect ea asclseclise All except last molars. (+)
Up ei ASH ee 1 | PN GA AES Iles
626 eitess.|0i2|5. 3 ABZ eOuh ye thal (6O) ex: es
Lowes fihightes|eas|se D2 on Onl leon Ob lex
Left. 2 1 | 3/6/7)8)| 9]
G27 Se acer ese ws acral ac aicie All except last molars. Sore throat.
G28 CEA ee cates essen | Nee Allexcept last molars, Not quite well.
Uppe fRight=.|:..|-2. 2 ale3e Salk 78a. S
ea | [Watt £ lef. 1/2/3/6)7)8/9).. Hoe
cae eas es eee 1);2/3/6/7|8)9|x ;
Leite 5|2e.|58: Sb) Ecol sey PRLS SSH INGI ZAllatss NAGA Se
G30) caetecn ence wceelsce| See --.|--.].-.[, All except last molars. (+)
GSM BoobooqhoceseaeaoeE) Gaal Bee scc|ead|iane All 32. (+)
Ga2 Sac ae here ose les crel| erence --.|--.|--.[ Allexcept last molars. (+)
GSS il ean ce easecesisiecelecal seals 5 SaiPaiste | e's All 32. (+) -
Gace boscsseguosscqocere tee lee ---|---|---[} All except last molars. (+)
GS5h | Bete mee acres tect sacl Seca --.|--.|--.[ Allexcept last molars, Not fully well.
US Del bsapeocee aonecacesalsaa| sod siete ts All except last molars. (+)
Upper. | HEM: real kes 15525 EST Gull 7 |8|9 2
637 Wettzrna| sees | VSP eRe Shan) elite’ | 9) X ilnot quite well.
Lower... RiEHt Eoulsss J1/2i3i6l7\sio |
Beftess|-. ales $l) 2:)3)6)7)8 | 9) x
Gnper ea Bore efeys 2) 213) 6) 71-8 | 9] x
638 cee el 1/2) %)6) 7) 8) 9 | | pains in chest,
Lower... Soe |ber Zo OM aale Sali |eae
Welt. oos\scie |S ---|---[---f1]2/3/6/7/8/9| xi
131) Bate Sees RCC acee Bee mee rate --.|---|---[ All except last molars. (+)
G40 Bi aee oon. cie toto stl ee |S Seal lbsal exe All 32, (+)
Rie hte |see see i 1) SNe. Pell eI ae)
ee Upper. tr te eas P| 2a!) es |e | 2 ‘
Lower... ti Sa ee SMe Qe eS aiGN Hid JS: Ob]! 3x
Left. . MO e2ra nS! || On} ad {18.4 .9) ||pox
Upper. tare 5 Spl eZilsal Oni) at \leSi1 9) feos
642 Left. . i SP i Ziad ON] e081) 9! | x (4)
Lower..f 7 F 1} 2 | 35/65/09 //18")|| 9) || 3
12 ees he) eS ferlesel see fal Akon (Bie 78)1) 9) ex
G43 Meenas saeoeestee --.|--.]--.]--.]-.. All except last molars. (+)
Upper. | EM Tees SseleGul wrlas Ee
644 Left. i 1}2/)/3/6)7/8/9 | x es
Right MN PAA haha) ACC ote ete | B-<
Lower. :
10D Sel baal seal Seal Heelaee LZ SAMOn ie The SuleOie x
Upper. .[ HE : 1 (oz Sh PG) a8 9 x
645 Left DeZa Sai ONl taller 09 |e - ex
Lower..[ tt A!) 2) 3 | 6.) 7 | 8|9|x »
Left. se ealee enone es
a See also table on p. 283 et seq.
> Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior prerrolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar, 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
4 c an (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
ata).
310 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
TI. InprAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 4 (Female).* Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstruation?
(b) APACHE GIRLS
g Teeth.c
E Position. Condition of subject.7| Breasts. Menstruation.
z First. Second.
ae rman
Upper. | Right. : 2 3 4 | -| 8).
646 Left ..|..| 2| 3] 4 AS|ee (ee :
Lower. -|Biehts | 9| 3 4 lees Not quite well: .---...|-.------- | Ruse saeossesoce¢
| lLeft ..|..| 2| 3] 4| a1]. .| 8).
[Opper.-[Right. Ao. |... dlgsles
647 Left .. All 20. NeShes (EY © Sellinet. 3s Pe eee
Hees Sethe! All 20, SSSI: (en
lteft ..) An 20 138i.
Pore ae ee poles iaA .| 8)..
648 | Left ..|..| 2} 3] 4) 5f..|.. Nclicd (Ce ea ee eeeSarae |S sescattyeie mares >
Houbes |S ..| 2} 3] 4) Sp a).. aS\ee |
Left ..!..| 2| 3] 4) 5p 1). Bes]
[or 1 2| 3| 4| &..| lig) ©
649 Left -.) 1| 2} 3] 4) &.-|. as) fae (CIS) ees ee eee ee eee
BIO _.| 2| 3] 4) ap a].- ales |e |
Left ..|_.| 2| -3| 4| 8 1)..). -| 8}.
Upper..{Right.| All 20. alle BIESiEx
650 | luett..) Aug. |..). iPele Gb) a ae
one All 20. ee |
Left ..| All 20. | 8)...
Epes eae All 20.
651 | Left ..| ALL 20. | (CEE Pa ue Pee eRe aeee
cee All 20. | 8|..
bettie. Aji 20. : 8). .
| [Prt All 20, AB Ibe
652 | Left ..} All 20. -| 8}.- (Suse es || semnentete leeemoncocesccncc
: Ces All 20. Nee
Left...) All 20. elletcline
Upper foe 1| 2| 3| 4| bes Be
653 Left ..| 1| 2| 3] 4| Bal! bi aecitae GE) DNL ee eee
ae ie .-| 3] 4) 5 1) 2]. .| 8}. - |
1759 sles eel el ces (all Pea eee Giice
pepe ane i) 2} 3)..| | rales
654 | Left ..| 1 | Fel eal elle esi (Coys teen elses oo 35 si eeeeaesoseaacs=
Lower..}]Right.|..|..| 3) 4) 5{ 1)-- -| 8}.
feral 3| 4| of 1l.. | 8).
|(Upper. .JRight.|..| 2) 3) 4) 5) 1)-- Asie
655 | lueft ..|..| 2| 3] 4) of 1). -| 8. (cS a See
| SOs 1] 2| 3] 4) |. | 8). |
Left ..| 1} 2] 3| 4] 5.|.-]..]..|--] 8|-
CE aa 4 1) 2)..)..]--] 8).
656 | Left ~.|--|-.|/ 3|-< 1) 2)-.| 6/--) 8 (CS ee P pacearsct | paeerecss kecacsc
|\Lower..{Right...|..| 3) 4)...1) 2)..|..|..| 8).
(weft ..|..1..]..J..1.04! 2) 3] 6! 7 ai...
aThe continuation of Table 4 (Female) will be found on p. 330 et. seq.
b See also table on p. 287 et seq. ; ; ;
cExplanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10(=x), third molar.
aSymbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
311
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 4 (Female). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstrua-
tion*—Continued
(6b) APACHE GIRLS—Continued
g Teeth.b
Position. ] Condition of subject.c | Breasts.| Menstruation.
3 First. Second.
ioe]
aaa lene
|(Opper- ae 3] 4) oe i}. .|..].-|..] 8i.-
657 | | Left -- --|--| 3) 4 pee -| 8|-. (rd) RUA ge ath ars es Sn | rear Cs ae a
Lower..{Right.|..|..| 3) 4) 5) 1)..)..|../--] 8).
| (weft ..}..]..| 3.4) af a) 2}..]-]..] sh.
[Upper.. B(Rightleele ee 1 AY SY Gl saltleal ee
658 (Left .. aN Pe ..| 1) 2 3 6. Sic os |eLODP ile Conted see ren ee ee ree s|Peaa ese a= goo ee
\Lower..[Right,| ..|.-|--] a1] 2) 3) 6-.| a1...
(weft ..|..]..|..|..] fa] 2) 3] 6|..! 8l.
Upper. en All 20. je lesltaieales
659 | Left ..| All 20. -| 8)-- Ee et Le a alll ere ttle cae
Lower../Right.|° All20. [.-./..}..|..}:.| 8|--
shed AIDDOL SU See Neg]
Upper... {Right. ..|-. 3! 4| 5y..|.- ae All) HIS
660 | (Left - i=) 2.3 45 1-. Ne clies 8)..)-- Laisa Cold ie Sa ee oae eles Re elt Se ye ee ee
\\Lower..{Right.|..|.-| 3) 4 Tel oc ise ec Al
ee shee oh 4) Sad 2peels |. | Sloe
| ce apa | 2 5| 4 i -- = Sisal
661 | Leit .- 2) 3) 4 of. .).- Sed te 8)... Not iquiteswellsetssh-win sere easel baceece cee sees
Lower.. {Right a rolpétebao tl eo |e |ealeal Steal
sae AV 3) 74) eal Qle el gi
| ei ea -| 3] 4 1 2)-.)- Allasio
662 | Hettres|-|.1.3) 4a th 2) |2\--1 Sic. CS EEO leleotes |e Gel
Lower.. (Right. .| 3] 4 1) 2). Bits pes
fea -| sts] 3-4-2} 2} .| 8].
|\(Upper..(Right-|..| 2) 3) 4 1\. ARS|Ss
663 Last Pe chaeteae|- ill || Not quitejwell..c2.-.c|c4. elles. 2. Be...
Lower. i ees -| 3} 4! TP Ale = 8} SAE
| Left - -a|)o) 4 1j 2 % 8.
| (Upper... Fee -| 2) 3) 4 -| 8}2-|-
664 | re -| 2) 3) 4 realign ie a Sze rite Tongue Somewhatu ls soseeee hesaoce ee aee ee
Lower.. ee --|--| 3) 4) of 1) 2). -| 8)-- coated.
\Left - .| 3) 4 1) 2)..) -| 8)..
cae (Right. -| 3) 4 ofa] 2}..|..)..) 8h.
665 (Lett -| 3} 4) 1 2)..1.).) 8h. CS eee oes. ere Re
Veeeeee ‘ee 4| & 1) 2] 3)..|..| 8).
Left -. Sa leaiee! 2S eel aol Slee
Upper..fRight.|..| 2) 3, 4) 5 1). | 8).
666 | (Left ..)..| 2) 3) 4) 1 .| 8). (EB eee ae Reng ce Lag Scott ae
Lower..JRight.| 1] 2] 3) 4| 5. .). ANS Ps oe
ehies| ees eAlope olen ee lSlen| 55
Upper. .| Right al. 1 2|..| 6|..| 8].
667 | Left . 3i-=| 1) 2)--) 6)..) 8 (2 Maen Phere. 3) otis | Da
|Lower..[Right.|..|..] 3 4) 1 2......) 8).
jaz Left 13! 4 UN ee )88152
a See also table on p. 287 et seq.
b Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5,
posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
c Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
312
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[ BULL. 34
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TaBLE 4 (Female). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstrua-
tion’—Continued
(b) APACHE GIRLS—Continued
g Teeth.
Position. Condition of subject.¢ | Breasts., Menstruation.
& First. Second.
Bile = <
[Upper Jee BA Nes] eve tar | Ye eye iced ae
668 Left - PAWS Al) Petites ee} ell ital ae Golan. Ce
lower. ieht | 4} sta] 2} 3i..|..] si.
Left --| 4) S17 alee sellics) lec
Right eS Al lea eee lee Slee
= Ga | 3} 4) sf al 2f..f..J..) s.. ie oe
oe eg Seta il Aleseal all ales
Left. =: -| 3} 4) 5} 1) 2)... 158] 6
upper-left ‘ : 4 : 1 sls ail tiles
eft . c 4 1] 2)... lteter ee A
670 eee : ce tal al fal ol. dlr Malleg Stomach disordered’: |t-2----e|>-eeee eee
ia libett =: =| 3) 4) 5) 1) 2). . EPs) /5
upper. .[ Right .| 3] 4) sya] 2}..|..)..| sl.
at | Left -. .| 3} 4) 5) 1) 2).. .| 8].. GOL cle er
Lower..[ here Blesiwalesy fl eo |ee eel allies ee
Left - .| 3] 4) 5} 1) 2)... S53 fate
Right Bl eSI rAle5 yee eee lee (eS |e
= ee | 3} 4) ofa) 2i..).|../ sh. as
wae eee | 33a) Jey ai Oe lee ealegipe
Left .. -| 3] 4) 5) 1) 2).. allt) [a
Upper “jBight -| 3} 4) 5) 1) 2). 2|S)ee
xo | |Left -. 2|-3)°4}-5) 1 2). 2) 2-].-1 8). GOL ie Neal
Lea oe --| 4) 51] 2) 3)..)..| 8)...
Left . Sl alton al 2]e ee ee Sle
pee jRight | 5) 1) 2) 3) 6l..| 8...
| Left ODN LIES Gl estas |ee lee abies
674 3 SyStolichmurnmur sine s| ooo ete eee atelier
ee ee Al py elle2l3| sella S| eee |
Left . BGs Wallies aCe Pitel ac
| Upper. .JRisht 1| 2| 3] 6| 7 8).
675 | | Left - 1) 2} 3] 6 8). (Ga Ste a
Lower,,{Right 1| 2] 3] 6..| 8
[Left . rsa 1) 2) 3] 6) 7 8
: (Right 31 ep L212) 67] Slee
PORE «att |..|--f 4] -2]..| 67] ai.
as | Right | 4) 5 1) 2i_.|..|..] 3l.. ed me gc
q
Position. Condition of subject.¢c Breasts.| Menstruation.
3 First. Second.
—S
Ee eae.
Upper ee ie he FS a | 3 yl 5 9 = a
Sail lett. .|..)..).-44) 2) 3 6 7) 8 9). cot. cn
les v__ {Right ..|-|-./-.)..,1) 2.36 7 8) 9).
ower. . :
(Left ..|..|..]..]--}-J 1] 2] 3] 6] 7 3 9
MOS Heaie man seenee eal All except last (+) V eitiyt | asocdnecneeectes
molars. small
(G3), |Sxeeecseseeesoced ealeclaceelsd beace (0 Co ee nee | Slightly mervouss-c6 24|Sse- seer |eseee ee eee eee
Mod. 2 Poe oe SS Se a Colle ns Ee ose GOR ee eeoeece | Not-.quiteswelli.2. . << 3|b.22ceeo4/eocnsceseeeeeeee
(tis Meno sacer ebossoseleelnc poled paces Oe. sceceeence | Tongue “slight ly |---2-5-=- | First time this
| coated. | month.
{Right 1| 2| 3) 6| 7] 8| 9)... |
756 eae (Left . | Z| 2 6 78...) (+) Small! |it eee eee
Peers {Right =) 2 8)/6)-7) 8) 9
: |Left. 1 2| 3) 6 7] 8| 9}...
LOW | aerate ee pts All-.excepti/ lasts), Dongwel ssa p Init allay vee) ens ater are erstelare etetereiaiar
molars. coated.
108) ||staxsae esos Some eel yates |ec| Se ae posane Clone ahem (+) Vier ye \.co5-secteemsecs
small.
Tg eect tp teas Nl 8S Ne eae doe eee (+) Small... Yes, for 6
| months.
(Act) Ree ater sacema an salselee ir bere dose sas saeeas (+) Very | Yes.
small.|
(50 (acerca es se eter eal ae al does (+) i:do-.| Nes,- tems
| months.
FAG | Paeer ee sem | el | oe ln Ghovseeiees area | (+) ..do..| Yes, for 15
months.
MOSH Satire ace Besos UBS ia | eae eae dome eta (By nlc eee
WO4M 2 eee he mecsyste tale Alacle | eteneeses OSs Seance (+) Ver Yoo eee cee
| small
Diy Rie pesca an anand fea ibel ieee dove arts. Tongue. someiw hia t |225....s4|526- = eee
coated.
(oA | ee a alee ae Oo ties (+) Small..| Yes.
MO tial evo seieoe weer Ns Pel eae [6 (oer eee (+) Cold morning ...|....do..; Yes -for 5
| months.
MOS oan ohn eee ter elena slice eee Conse sees (+) Moder-| Yes, for 11
ate. months.
(ho) nl ee ROS seo eases cle saisclae Pacer (6 (eRe ARE oe (+) Smoallza) fesse = eee eee
MAO Na tvoceyeretetats evecare otal] 24 Sa larsi[ee ee Berar AOS ee eee Not quitenwelle 2a ssee|hoeceeees|-oee reer eee
TUM WS ore ot wrettsecisomee|e alee lera| Sele paes ie dOvas2-ssensas Tongue; sig hati sys |= sees eee
| coated.
(14) BRAS era cee ea melee iselisd Sanne dows ts saseee (+) Moder-| Yes, for 14
ate. months.
MUS? hens eats e acter lates as| selec — ease Cote scsssao css (+) WO2Yj ieee seas Pasco
small.'
a See also table on p. 287 et seq.
b Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
c Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
HRDLICKA]
.
Ll. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
319
Continued
TaBLE 4 (Female). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstrua-
tion’—Continued
Menstruation.
: (b) APACHE GIRLS—Continued
S Teeth.0
z Position. Tae Condition of subject.c| Breasts.
3 Second.
io]
ACR Ss a ee a ae ea 9 | All except last | Had no breakfast... .|--..-----
molars. |
UO | Boweccaetoanatesellosllesleelieellod Beedte dO2-ca2 saeess (+) Small..|
CLO) |xcvarrntare aint Steceioe eel ea| ee! aban GOs costes noose (+) Very
small.
TNS SSE eae caso Seles el eliza! emer GOsS Aes (+) Small..
FAT ee ea SS | does ace (+) Pedae.|
TC SSSA S CBee none rel el Seer ea ae [Seeks GOES H ats Su (+) =-d0s 5
T8014 | Bement secon Yel Soe a ae domme leases | (+) Cold morning....|----do-.
abe {Right 1) 2| 3) 6. | 8 9)..|
781 Gee ese nba (+) Moder-
jRight.|..). J 1] 2) 3} 6| 7 8| 9)...
eso lireree: le. | 12 3)6..| 8 91.. aren
OO oe see See Reel EN fal All except last | Tongue whitish.....-. Sh dome
molars.
(5S, | Gee oeteeneeeteee ce Sel Galas Seeee OM are statis: (+) Pe dors
Oe Saas ope aenanosese sells pe| bdlse Seoee Ona seeie =e = (+) Very |
small.
(8s35)-|| 55S aS Se lsetleal|Sclec| oq boeet= Gosek ee Not quite well (hys- |....do-.|
teric spells).
(iid Roe ses estosnccod Paes Pelican SESac Oe aasestenoe (+) _.do.
CEH Pls Sa SE Eo ee tel ya hoe orl eae One eeeeneeees | (+) Cold morning ....|....do |
(fe GaSe eG epese cased hel Hel Solaelee Eases GOS eeeacto ae (+) Moder-
ate.
{f= lg ete a tk Messeaea O95 ral pe E-Allee LOae dose aGt eek IsNotiwellictcec2. 02-5. seme
70) bers dees cae soeoene eltelEelosiian Canes dora ss (+) Cold morning ....} Small
CONE ea eee nares st ale) eelice | [eae doen aeece so | (+) Moder- |
ate.
eee : y 2) | 4 7| 8| 9.
792 oe = Falla at ae (+) Small...
Lower, {Right -| 1) 2} 3] 6 7) 8) 9)...
|Leit --1 1} 2| 3} 6| 7] 8) 9}...
1954 | eee Shenk ce | | All except last (+) dors
molars,
(QO 4 | Ba Seite Seis ee ee Pies une dow tae teres (+) --do..|
(MBB eecaesnen sacse sod beac te eclee beeen GOW amass (+) Moder-
| ate.
HO6i Dre nore Saas jel sserie [Be ae files Aree (+) Small...
. 4See also table on p. 287 et seq.
5 Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
Wiles: Lom 24
months.
Yes, for about
2 years.
Wes, efor 16
months.
Ves. tor 12
months.
Yes.
Yes,
Yes.
Yes, over 18
months.
Yes, over 18
months.
es phoresis
months.
NEC Tope (33
months.
laXae'se Lor 2
| months.
| Yes.
3820 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGEsS—Continued
TaBLeE 4 (Female). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstrua-
tion*—Continued
(6) APACHE GIRLS—Continued
S Teeth.b
“Ss Position. | 7 ~ | Candition of subject.¢ | Breasts.| Mens :ruation.
8 First. Second.
[ex
WOT ede act se aiceeser -| All except last (+) Small..| Yes, for 10
molars. months.
OSE Ete eat coach. Bala eelea| os Godse GOn Rees aeacee (+) -...do..| ¥es, ‘over’ 18
| | months.
OOM PRs ae osc geseiee Pails allns| eae esters dor eaaeotiaase GE)2 yt ME S&Sea ce Yes.
SOOM e esatacaecesom se allele rel Mallee see dO nsateachen-s (CD hE er eentee beet ccscaccde ss.
BOM |e =, Sia a Saieinericeees eee) (Se Ie Ve (ede dope Stress (+) Moder | Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4. anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6 anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
4 c¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 8 (physiological
ata).
*
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 325
II. Inp1an CuHr~preN or APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject*—Continued
(c) PIMA BOYS—Continued
Rec- Teeth. 6
ord Position. eee = a a Condition of subject.c
no. First Second.
|
1 Fed se Pea [el eS) eal (see ee | Pa A
es el sole P| (a a eae ee Pa [
me ower, {Right SS toy laa aa es ae tsale | (+)
(Left. . |3/4/5 91/2 Jefe 8 |.
Right 3h) 4s | 2 see
- [eat PsN Eee) fe ae one FEN eee a
Lower..{ Right lesrledi i Soncds IkOv seeba Blo. Sh lee
Left. . eS leeu le og Upsles| ates eee Sea Silk
Upper..{Right Asi Ae .5) le. 2 slSale
18 | |Left. - ai SP Sal co il asd (51, 102 se 2 : eS)
[eee [Right..|. |. Eire | Teel eel a
WReit:.- 4-212 | PD SAGA FAS ees
[Upper..{ Right | eMey e2r les \a7s Be.) |e
es (Left. . | | AU Le Ch Se eee eve eSaleQule ES
teowor. [Ri | | ite 2ehiat | 6 lez lee |corle
Left... ee Mel QS Gulez lS 1.9) |
Right. =\lc 4/5 }1) 2] -| 8
- Upper [rete j...[3]4/5]1]2 aun as
Lower. .{Right- 4/541] 2 Sule
ma lWettene a|2 ssn 3/4/5]1]2 ea ne Ie
Richtecle- |e 2 5]1|2 Gres lest ls
fie [PPP cect ocb es |i de test. ees
egece: Wien aiece3 5411/2 GaSe
eallivette- SE ea) (lal ee pees ee ens
Right . esa bate OSG all ea 6
(Upper. fin 5 fae (2h) 3° (6 |) 88|e 2
i Ione BES ese ee Pte | 22 (ESL. |e tess ee |e (+)
Left. Peeters) o cM Ne2i 13 (16 har Sh Or 12
Upper..JRisht Neseliae | 5 A fa-.|e-- LEME
ie | liiekt eels a 90 canis Iie eae eae fe) Fee eee es
eed oy He llocol| sh |code! (TE IIe lee a) eal Sh eee bape
Peewee ett cae sles hale patio | | eae 8 |.
Ishi tas Ren ee Shee 5 Mle Qeteen| (6 8
i ewer ee al sleet 511/2/3]6|...|8 as
Tower ruents alae leaclne (2-2, 5/2 [31 6 8
PRES IR lS cllseclles oll GS | aed v 2) WSEAS Ae ele
Upper. [Right |--)-- Bical | fal (eed ee At eee
125 | pe eet aap colo ae Tongue slightly coated.
eee [SRD sos ee fez) 3) el ae ees a | Pee
[bets eee salle lsh (GP eee aa Bea veins)
Uppers fete 1/2/3/6/7/8/9 |...)
a3 | Dente nA ete MRT WD W630 (6: (v7! | 8119 “| en
LLower. .PRIEPE Joffe te eS GU rr Ss | Out |
Teetts Ales lee leiice: BAR a eo G3 Gale elas egny=
a See also table on p. 292 et seq.
> Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar: 10 (=x), third molar.
¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
826 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY fun. 34
II. Inpran Cuitpren or ApproxmmaTED AGES—Continued
TABLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject —Continued
(c) PIMA BOYS—Continued
Rec- Teeth.b
ord Position. Condition of subject. ¢
no. First. | Second.
|
|[Upper. Hee eke : , : - : viele
oF at Sy a =|) & lene - weele
a a Se ar 541/2/3]6|...) 8/9]. oH)
Sarena Oe Baal eelineell ts (al OS Gee Soll
peer heer ahare 3/4/5]1/2 Besa
128 | Ay ere Fase Pay Ws) (bl AAG eles eee (+)
ieee ee ars 3/4 )5 91] 2 SASH
Wett-se |e lL sesileadl ea etalee cera Spa SMe se 2
Upper../Right..|...|...[ 3 |...) 5 [1 | 2 |...) 6 |..-/ 8 |. |
129 liveftesee le iba. 3 eae 5 1 2 iGa pace] San wie E < p :
| _ | ; x |; Exercised shortly before.
Tower 2 pighte-|i.-|2 lea 4) biel 213 | 8] 9 a
Wil eoalsa Sel aS at) AlESHIe
(Upper. .{Right..|...]... 3 |...) 591 | 2 6) Sasleeale
a0 | iene Le |- |e eet Os) e le Ale Ne (+)
Lower | Right. -|:-cl.sc|- 2! 4 Wout 2 SESE
Wali sa lesalesale cele p@,| (sep) Beal eS el eee ee
oper [EP sr pe la SU Lo QalS Glass |s80 120i ees
131 Meftece =| eee) Se eet eee SOA Rla Quis |Gil eee 4s (+)
rere ee od lak Bis) | TU ROARS IN CGH eel psctel
Mebane el Sup eT COMIN |G alee also jt
[opper. A 3/4/5]1]|2 aneaie
Ix 9
132 lowest ; : é a j Al ~\Tongue slightly coated.
Weel eeelecelseall l|e3)| (LIP TS ARSE
Upper. | Mght.-|.--}2--0-/- io) (SBR Rae aia eee
133 | Biren esllesdsaclted LOS TASH Becllte es (+)
Lidar | eM cele ay AWN nGaleeanSElEO
Teefits see aa eels eel eee Niele Omlgoa teal evalsce ole
Upper../Right..|..-|...|...|...] 5 125837 68] Seales 9 |.
co Ugattsc|a ale alacs|eral ee MPLe| 2.13" e@allira| a dole (+)
fn ate fede DNiSaerla7alesalaous
Wistitoe ss Merl eselccleselload| file} | cates ke)
Upper (Rene Sy) elle) | Sf ON eee cli e ars) [le
135 aa cea a : ae : : x =| ealiose : ~"|\"""\\C4-) Exercised shortly before.
peer eie cee Raita oe tales il ajaee “|
(Upper. .{Right..|-..|. Bh ese east bale Re? ses
ee (Left....[......)3/4]5 [1] 2 He Ih (+)
| eaee Rien leslee BEE hg | 0) g s|
Lidetes Ie oie) a aca a ole ea
(Peper. PRE aloe 2}3|6|7|/8!91]..:
ana lett. Vee he els es iigalazlteaonlee (+43
(Paceeecieientc sl |e Galle 21/3156 | a7 8a Onl
IOs oe pellets bese (aL PER | SUNG k Ze NICSE | GY lhe 2
lpper. a) Rieu .|2.-]2-eclfoa- Ty ROSS dnGalez laSelsolel soe
588 Aner Hee SM Ore alee aire laze les on ee (+)
Nieearens 2 lett =| — a [males aleealen. 1/2/3|)6|7)8) 9)...
| Tettseclee lente eee Se Will OSS Galea ele.
a See also table on p. 292 et seq.
» Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar, 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
c Symbol (+) means ingood health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
iis
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS O21
II. Inpran Cuinpren or Approxmatrep AGEs—Continued
TABLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject “—Continued
(c) PIMA BOYS—Continued
Rec- Teeth.b
ord Position. Condition of subject.c
no. First. Second.
Upper..{ ight: -/--}-- Sil eel| Gy] [al Gu iaee (ae |e al
139 | IVa oe elbsal eee | e5| (Poe ea allel | Sele (+4)
Tiree Riches eaeniccela ayia ue ig *
Uideree eee eee cl sta a!liat les kits |---|.
Spee eee: C2 ESHGE eral Sale On| see
1 | BRiticsaloce| eel Sa boelted (ale evan | 2elley hal eee (+)
Lower. ., Right. SA Bea tise See seal (2 34 NES AS Mea bed a)
Left. sos pected (IEW PRM Izabel
Upper..| ight (3/4/5]1/2 8
| Left. ses au[poapeteyor sac! Blegale (+)
Meme ip nta. |e clea | 34-4 5] 1] 2 A Sb
(Wt eae he) |e by (eal peal Oe ele
a ee ed fafa TN SS Gil iter Whey | |G) |e
12 | USI 5a] boe| Bee) goed aeelisael [TE ea eS aaGal esllitey | (+)
Lower..| Right. STL ORGY els} ) eee
Left. a Pau PPI eG (Zed SO ee
Upper..| Right Pele 2)PSaMGale we ESERON |e
10 Left. : 5 (A A ESN NTS) Is (+)
Mowers pright eee ell eee een tle | eS luGaleal cgalcon le
ieee Wl He Ba la. Gelte ley |-8%l-9: |.
Upper..{ Right. . Bee eee eae Susp Ob lnseleGaleealega Guide.
ut | iene Celt IES |e am te |oalaciiea (ey neal git (+)
Boyer yee pease ait DESH Gul eTe esi |e Op eee
Left. a SNPS BN GS Mee lcci Cale
Upper. | Bight See (a CAS Gee IS Ne) |e
us | Left. J1/2/3/6)7) 8/91. (+)
Lower. .| ight. Pipl?) [SSeleGale 7 Sung):
Left. gallecalboaObellsacl | Ta 2 PSN a elles li) AL
pyar | vent a= 314154911] 2 8)
146 | Left. . ale} CL | PAL | 8 (+)
Lower. .| Right See 4o by Md] 9 | 8 i
DSi elec) 4 Lea (S| [Th hil sec pa eee | eee
Uppers ees 6 LT ES ).g
1 | Left. . HU le eal esa tGnlieral Sti O) ee = Sante
Tower.) Bignt Sele selescload esd bat Ie} hell allies a
liens lee ah oli clig tn | gil go):
Beppe Peta. AN BG MALES) |e aoe
us | WEA Se ea Aaselfose seal eee! | ae 2h RES Ca |i itsya Ce al a (+)
Lower... Right foc| Gealee Jaslisad |S Bel Se Ba eI GN le
Ute soclocal celle cele Betliese| | ALY PGRN kp lesa ites ee
Upper. {Right aL We 6)| 7 | S41 Oo] 223
10 | pOeNBents eB ae GE VES We) ee (+)
Lower...| Right F es Jy PASE NS Bed) | Cie ee
Left. . alee gle Seinee| ezalesa| Obie
Upper. {Right aR ee | eon Gein Sa On aes
150 EGlit a melloce|ee aie le toe FSS Ene Tale Se in Qhiles (+)
Cowen. Rien TRONS aon ezalingateon|=
Mgt lise tos Ge ee EIR SueSwNGE ey | Sal Qnleee
a See also table on p. 292 et seq.
> Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar: 10 (=x), third molar.
¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
328
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[ BULL. 34
Il. Inp1aAn CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject “—Continued
(c) PIMA BOYS—Continued
Rec- Teeth.b
ord Position. Condition of subject.¢
no. First. Second
a 2 ; ae
oper, | Blewt=.| 74. Waal ane saz | ae
call [Lett -.-) Fe ee, | SU ee niece sh eo (+)
:
lrower..{ ah eoleer eee} ee) (al z 2 6 kaa 8 Rake
| eit: cease Soe ca | ce eH eas UNM art) Saleealee
\iepper (Right 2|-2 a3 flees SAM elal| alee Gale al Slee alae
152 | Siltettien ee a ete ete! sluibe) se Caza ce ioe be (+)
[eager BP ON 34 Bcc Sal oie
PS Nihette sale sie les te ahaha evil 8 anObale
Upeee (Rigntasles4|)43q)-s410 Well 2 lees6leedl glen oes
en | lteter alec) fe (3) fee es) el sh ce (+)
Pees ee yl Re ie [oa Slee | oa ari Neel gal eal
paliettsee ee | 3]..-[ 51/2 SC SINS} || GN
| _ JRight..|... BS uallee lbp) Wal A} |b) RS Pe ee ese
Oeeer ett {Sulla sell att 21] qeeieeal a eealee
154 eo eal si fees elf set | ella reg lease (+)
ae fIRightes) 222 |ces| Salva 25 itl) h erates : | Sealers
palettes ee Aa get eS sete al eeal- Alles
15S Sets sein eee Allexcept last molars. Tongue slightly coated.
HOG Ale Sera se Rete e aeet so All except last molars. do.
i aes eau Peel alae :
Tipper | a 4 ie u | ie
2 lielttasaaleeky) alec Tel 2A| SEG 7 Bales
157 : | = (e| do.
| Right--|_..)..\_.- 1/2) 3 6/7/ 8/9).
Lower. . 1 |
eits2a-|2=5|secles< 2 1/2)|3)]6 7/8/91].
Ia Pea eh eee ate All except last molars. (+)
SO) Be cree Seite has All except last molars. (+)
Bighitss|se|tee|be Sf Py 29) 21 Sd aso IE
| Uppers) Laws |
| 4 Se otal eel eet Sete eee 2 | 7|8| z
eo | (Left. | 1/2)3)6/7) 8/9 (+)
lower |Right..)...|...)...|... 51/2) 3] 6 7/8 9 |.
“"VWett,...J-cfeo-[2-[--| 51212] 3)6(--| 819.
aL Gilg Se cern se stato se All except last molars. (+)
LG 2M GS eee ete ea oe All except last molars. (+)
HOSS se a ete ee All except last molars. (+)
at eee ne eee All except last molars. (+)
GSU Sectrcmete tects All except last molars. (+)
GOR ot ade tees c Ace oe All except last molars. (+)
LGU) Es ec eres Allexcept last molars. (+)
GS) |e ener 1a eee ee All except last molars. (+)
|
LGD) | ree een en be rarer | All except last molars. (+)
Rightee eee sees By Pat 22) Sele eee salouleee
| U , af |
Bone a llicete eee Loy As paed ete i). sil oats (+)
a0 ; Right lee-|ere|: 5J1/2|3|6|...|8]9 |...
sOWeCL. . | |
Salient: cee 541/2/3/6|.../8| 9].
~ r__{Rleht. ee (1) 2] 36/7) 8) 91.
) se |
I het) Rs cues eee mee | eeseb ea ears) cn B :
171 7 | a Tongue slightly coated.
I _ Right. .}.-- | ape 2.4 36 Sa On eee :
Niet ele Ace ele |. Jaf2fsle|z7{siol.
107 ee eS oe se | All except last molars. (+)
PS qe ers aio icnrcene ver or ies | All except last molars. Not quite well.
a See also table on p. 292 et seq.
b Explanation: 1, median incisor; y
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; §, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
9
“)
lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
HRDLICK A] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 329
Il. Inpran CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject *—Continued
(c) PIMA BOYS—Continued
Rec- Teeth. b
ord Position. a Condition of subject.¢
no. First Second.
ays h| Sieve: Ge eal
Upper. .| te" pee feat Beh) 0 ba
7d if A ents ee ee ee 5f1| 2/3) 6]...)8]...)... (+)
Vaatee ee oe) less J1/2/3]6|7/8]...)... |
pe Wbettes=s}es alee 5 os 3} Val 1) 22718 6 | 7| 8|..-)-
Riehts:| 22.) se. eee Sea eee lea eG |itelceat Ole a
J Tse irl } | see
175 eer Itt. eles Apa eles er nein eee Tongue coated yellowish.
Sie ee bali 5}1/2/3/6|...|8]9 |. =
} [bet <:| alee: oe Pe es (a bea NC I
| upper. JRIht-- +--+ = So fete 727) 3h 6s) a) Se |---|
ire | Whefte -2e[oee[o5<|25- DRS YRS 220 Sa Ng A (+)
reaper [RUBBE-=)-=-|-2-)-=2 -|--J1 2/3) 67 | 8| 9
[Left. ...|..-|.--|---|---]--- G25 oe Oneral S289) een
LE (fl eed en ee a All except last molars. Tongue slightly coated.
178 [Sesescaemesoceeaaes Me ec All except last molars. (+)
WAY) | eee cpcoseascsontcwa| poe aae| eel eer '---{ All except last molars. (+)
180M Ewer een eee esc lecalhs Mesaleel Bw melsieat aie a Tongue slightly coated.
aRPaaa
Right. .|. eee stories | Suleee| a:
a a CURE: aoe | ee ilel3le A 7
eae {Right me ery 1) 2 3 | 6 7|8 9 |--
"| Left Soe Ee fla fal iea ieee t
1 hey I es oe ce Se eee] Medes ae) el Pees bea] Allexcept last molars (+)
USSn | Soeprsers de sates sere Salas el otih ale ee Allexceptlast molars. | Tongue coated.
184 [iectteeeeee eee Peed ele ee ae |. .-| Allexcept last molars. (+)
185 feet teeeeeecetee eee Allexcept inet tielare: Tongue slightly coated.
: Right. .|.. Peed. P24 Se Ge\|eae| Saf Osler
ibis die : eft |2)34 617) 8 Led
186 : | ay |e ‘Not quite well.
lige wee ee Bees ee 1} 2/3 6 | 7 reall
Left o] Se5|/sse}scalead [HL 2) | pee | 70) trl) Uleeee!
187g eee A ea ee eles Ay Allexcept last molars. | (+)
Upper. [Rent sISee 1) Alelelalat|
188 Left... ? Sle L123 36 | th 8 | 9 ....|(+) Exercised one-half hour be-
Lower.(0 Bere Sse mle ahesal 0 7|8|9)x|| fore.
| Left ale B22 3116 |r| lol...
ROR |e ts on wee Pesala te: .|.... All except last molars. (+4)
190 | BER rare au cee b 5 -|---[ Allexcept last molars. (+)
G19) | Ree aes Siaseieee -| Allexcept last molars. | Tongue coated.
TGPS| C4 ae Py lea Allexcept last molars. | (+)
193 POSS BESeeeHEeeeeoa ees Bee Geqlecsecs All except last molars. (+)
1 EY 1S ae es ay ene Pe PO ea (oe forse eas Eee Allexcept last molars. | (+)
TOD) Aske cene eee een sae le es hae -| All except last molars. | (+)
196) |o See eee k sacl fet Bs : All except last molars. | Tongue slightly coated.
Del ore etme a ene aee as sie : Allexcept last molars. (+)
Tre Pee, 5s ie Saeed etl sal elie 2 Allexcept last molars. | (+)
199 Seca beet | aa heal Beas z Allexcept last molars. | Tongue slightly coated.
200 | See ne Senne 5) |S Pes a -| All except last molars. (+)
7 N10 | pete eh eae Sarto (LS ed Cd ee Allexcept last molars. | Not well.
a See also table on p. 292 et seq.
b Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
330
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
(BULL. 34
Il. Inpran CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TasBie 4 (Male). Teeth; condition of subject “—Continued
(c) PIMA BOYS—Continued
Rec- Teeth. 0
ord Position. : = Condition of subject.¢
no. | First Second.
7 == pee ee”
703 | cae OR ei BU oe else All 32, (+)
RAShitss|ssciaee Quiltec 7 oT ee
upper. [Re 1/2/3|6|7]8|9 | ¥
ae Lefts 26) ease sf-f1] 2) 3/6) 7/8/91 on
ee aime es UPON aslCGh azaeeel Oulexue veh mee) a
Lower. NS ese Neel feo |
| Dettoesejeastocale- aimee lee D E25) 3a 6h 7 elnSep Seles:
D0d Ucar n rotate Blane All except last molars. Tongue coated.
205 |.------------------ é Allexcept last molars. | do.
|
eee fea 1 Ah ah Che Zee be th edt
Upper |
Left. . Dos teGi) odin eSal eo blues :
206 i | Tongue slightly coated.
| elt | 14) 25) Sale 7 8 NON x
Lower.
- {Lett : LG 2a cSuNO UIE SO a ex
|
20 (| eee eta meee All except last molars. (+)
DOS ils aaves Bem cms cee ae All except last molars. (+)
DOW etinee tec ee ee Allexcept last molars. (+) g
PAO Gee am sees pcteacets | .|..-[ All except last molars. | Tongue coated.
Dita pease eae Seas eee | ee All 32. (+)
212 |....--------------- Allexcept last molars. | Tongue slightly coated.
D138 Bee eh See a eee |e Allexcept last molars. | Stomach disordered.
QUA OE See ee ec sc ope ae |S oe [ee lie | stecel eee Allexcept last molars. | Tongue coated.
OT OG see ye See eee eee | se lise ! All except last molars. (+)
2G || Wee eee ose pices | Snel ane eel see Allexcept last molars. (+)
Diliiia |S eee s ce ER eee SAG eee fae aie All except last molars (+)
(eft lower third mo-
| lar about to appear).
OANA Snes ere tae asl rel toeent See eee eee Allexcept last molars, Tongue slightly coated.
DOU Pees eet ee ce oe | sere eee cele All 32, Sore throat.
OP VE een op nstites, epee ce =| an Allexcept last molars. Tongue coated.
aSee also table on p. 292 et seq.
bExplanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6,anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10(=x), third molar.
¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
TABLE 4 (Female). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstru-
ation*’—Continued.
(d) PIMA GIRLS
S Teeth.c
& Position. Sp iil 77 | Condition of subject.@ Breasts.) Menstruation.
8 First. Second.
ia
774 El EA en es eee All 20. EB leesl| esta me (+)
DODN bie aia, seas eicteistateye sie All 20. eles See ()
ALO eee eee eae All 20. Sliphthymerrvouses == .4|-—seescee | seeeeneewiceetemeet
Dail ane tara tiene All 20. (+)
iy | Lye eee ace alae a All 20. (+)
DOG alee ese Som oe All 20. (+)
DLT poe a Sie es sae ee All 20. (+)
228 A205 A) Getsiexcited’: 3.4495. jase tenia sass See eines
——_
aThe first part of Table 4 (Female) will be found on p. 310 et seq.
b See also table on p. 295 et seq.
eExplanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar, 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
daSymbol + means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
HRDLICK A] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 331
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TaBLE 4 (Female). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstrua-
tion “—Continued
(dq) PIMA GIRLS—Continued
|
S Teeth.b |
Position. | Condition of subject.c | Breasts.) Menstruation.
8 First. Second.
: |
el é
220) | (We eee eee est Hones. ad Lele ele eel ee) Beet (+)
Right.) 1) 2| 3| Aliya
(Epper aes 123 BES imal ae
230 ee [Rie 4 2 3 iia Somewhat weak....-.. Leseteae | Sosesenceetee ae
Left ..|..| 2) 3 Ssalsaieaieal(tcioaliee
Right.| All 20... .§--].- Srila lisa saloon
Upper.-| rare All 20.... ne
et eae UUZOE2 8}. .
LIAS) NN | Relea sel eal all tele
fRight.) All 20.....J..|../..|..|.-1 8).-
232 OPE itt Sato Ce fl cli lhl Tongue coated: ......|......--- en Rane snc ee
| Tawes Dee AN202255-§-=|--)==1=-1-=|9|-- :
Metta AO see fes|os|eeleal eel Sez
i e| VANE aoa EGE eI ES aisle
a Upper sce ADO: =e Palvaleal sala: ws
(Lower. | Meh AU 208 eee lew te |e Slee
Watt cel ANE aaad Sale alestea lee
Right.| All 20 =WeSlee
ie pper a All 20 | al.
ae | Right.| All 20 8 (+)
|| Lower. | ae
befits (PAC 20 sees nee salleal cel Se ee Ee
D8 UY eae one ee aoe Se eae eee lees lecleclas|ec| MNOG mulliy wells 28 Lika ee ee tee once yecaeele
G8 Gels ae ee aE Se CAS clea etalle| |e tea (a ee ee a ee (000 5 peer, eee Pe || Seg rae Pde Mela eee ee
Right. 2} 3) 4 THe Blech Slaa H
a Upper ees 2| 3} 4| oy aj_.|..|..1..| sl. re
lower, { Right. 3) 4) 5p 1) 2)..|.)..] 8}.
|Left ..|..|..| 3| 4} sf a} 2}.-|..|..| gi.
Right.|..|..| 3) 4] 5 1). al Ee
PPP aes 3) aly al -|.-|..|-.| sl. os
“lower Jrieht-\--|--]--| 4) 9 4] 2) 3)--)--] 8)--
“(Left |. -|2-|°3) 4) 6) 1-2). .)-] 8].
| Upper. .JRisht|--|-- 3) Aloe 1 21.) 38h.
|Left ..]..|..| 3] 4} 5) 1) 2). Ase ee
20 Hie {Right.|..|..] 3) 4) of a) 2..]..)..] 8)... ISTO AT Hae eho soe Soca seat ease
7 Left --|.-]-.|| 3] 4) af 1] 2). .].-| 8).
iippee ee All 20. f.. 4 Se.
240 OER lia ee shel Ophthalmig ese cop selene enon ne hos
Lower, /Right.| All20. |. aESiee
"iiett 2) cA 20: Rabel. A Glee
Right.|..| 2| 3] 4) 59 1)-- aGlee
Upper-fr (| Sialaaay ete| | eh
art Lower.) Right-|--|--|--|--|--J 1] 2--|--[--] 8-- (+)
[Left ..}--|--! 3) 4) sil 1! 2. NES h
a See also table on p. 295 et seq.
b Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; &, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
332
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[BULL. 34
II. InpIaAn CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGEsS—Continued
TABLE 4 (Female). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstrua-
tion *—Continued .
(d) PIMA GIRLS—Continued
Record no.
Position.
Teeth.b
First. Second.
Condition of subject.¢
|
|
244
245 |
|
m1
|
247
|\ Lower. -}
felsiets 3)
249 |
|
250 |
|
to
or
ere
Upper. -
Lower.
Upper.
Lower.
Upper.
Lower. .
Upper.
Lower.
Upper.
Lower.
Upper.
Lower.
Upper. .
Lower. .
Upper. .
Lower. -}
Upper. -
Lower. ..
Upper. -;
Lower. .
fRight.|..|..
alReftea|eale=
fRight.|..|..
y floss ele -
fRight.|..|..
Settee sale.
{Right.
(Wett,..|22)"2
fRight.|..|..
eit s3\S3)=2
Right...
i ett. =\=-
{Right. sale
j|Dett=-). -\=-
jRight. sl
| |ettss |
jRight.
fRight.|..|..
[uett se)selee
pl lett eel) se
(Right. de
[Left -.|
(Right. sels
) [left .-|_-|--
Right.|. .|- -
bo
to bo
WwWwWwwnwnwwwww ww
Se se
a
Now nwnnwn nbd:
Le)
vo
Bee ee Pee
:
i
5 ih ras
bo .
e)
NYY NY DYN NYY DY DD
ww ww ww www we
oo
i i a a
tot
Co 8
2)
= eo
mawmwoowonwnoow wo
mamnnnn wo
(2)
bo
Go CO OO
2)
bo
(°e)
CHOMmNDMDMDNDNHH MH HO WO WO OW Ow Ow,
Now w bw
2.2)
sae!
a See also table on p. 295 et seq.
> Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6,anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly f Table 3 (physiological
data).
AleRe aes
(+)
Tongue slightly coat-
ed.
(+)
(+)
Tongue coated .......
Ge)
(+)
(+) Weak looking. .-.
Breasts.
Menstruation.
Tongue slightly coat- |---------|----------------
ed.
(+)
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS oes
Il. Inpian CuHItpREN or APPROXIMATED AGES Continued
Taste 4 (Female). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstrua-
tion*—Continued
(d) PIMA GIRLS—Contiaoued
S Teeth.d
= Position. Sa Condition of subject. | Breasts.) Menstruation.
8 First. Second. |
a |
fRight.|..|..| 3) 4] 5) 1] 2). 8.
eee tert tel.) sled ea al ale _|._|2.|-she.
xe {Right.|-.|.-|.-| 4] 5p 1) 2) 3]--1--| g|.- Pe) OU cee aan cies
ees Inset asles te (esbah aaa) 2) Si--|-- [tal
fRight.|..|..| 3| 4) 5] 1) 2). sg) eel
Bae tere. |e.) 3h teen 2. 3\..|.-|
a | (Right.|..[..|-.| 4| 5 1) 2) 3)-.|-.] 8) 9 Soo MM cro ba at ae
powe= leet ._|--|."|..| 4).64 1) 2). 3|-.|.-| 8) 9
| Right.!..|..] 3} 4, 5) 1} 2). Aa:
‘|fvpper-jrer 3| 4| of | 2..|..|..| 8.
Hai | fRight. a| A} ol 3i..|..| al. Cae (4) -\ls Fae gees teen
owt Lett 4| A 1] 2| 3].-|.-| 8|.-[--
Olt oe eta mae aoe eae oe Allexcept last (Go) NeeeBascodleupeccacnqceecte
molars.
Right 3) 4| 5) 1] 2! gi.
| Upper. -{ rere |_|..| 3} al fa) a)_-|.-|..| al.
ed (Right | 4} af 1] 2} 3l.|..] 3). Sh rc kar sprain soe
Blatt al sf 1] 2\..|.-|.-| 3\--
Right 3) 4) 5) 1} 2). Ales
[over -tret Sicalest alo) seal Welles
2H | Right 3| 4| sf 1] Qi. Bile SM Ie Nee i aa
Lower. [ete 3| 4| af | al. 8)...
| Upper..{ RE 3| 4| 5) 1) 2|..|..|..] 3|-. |
| Left . es (fa Re i
250 i| Right 3\ | sf 1] al... al. CEU soe IBS sere arse core she eke
| Lower. | iy SA Poelegieaieele ei siecle
| Right.|.- 1) 2} 3] 6| 7] 8| 9--
| Upper.-|rett. | i 2\..| 6..| 3l ol.
oot Ate eee 1| 2! al 6 7| si gl. CM BO 8 etek lca gear"
> Letts eel fall, 4b SYGATE
Upper. {Right 4| 5) 1| 2|..).)..! 8.
ae | (Left . -| 5} 4) 2/..| 6)..| 8). ose | pened palate 2
$ ame dee ce) & fall ea Gaels
|Left - wll ZAG aA Sa et Nee
Right.|..|_-| 3] 4| af 1) 2/..|..)..| 8).
Upper-lrrt, | 3| 4| 5 a] 2)..|..|--] 8|.-
als pRight.|..|..| 3) 4| 5 1) 2). |. Ge se Gnd cncamaleen se ate
Se alia lecle halal ea} a) 2)-<)2h.} 8)...
Right.|..| 2} 3|..| 4p 1)..|..| 6..| si.
Upper. ore _-L-| 3} 4} sha] al__|el..| si.
zbe 5 Right.|--|_-|_-}--|| 5)-1} 2}. -|\6]--| 8I.. a fg 2 aa
ower. freee | |_|} shal al sl el! 8...
a See also table on p. 295 et seq.
b Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
a i eve (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
ata).
304 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Il. InpIAN CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TaBLE 4 (Female). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstrua-.
tion’*—Continued
(d) PIMA GIRLS—Continued
S | Teeth.b
re | Position. Condition of subject.¢ | Breasts.) Menstruation.
8 First. Second.
fs
ue 7 ere ee és
Right.|..|..|..|..; 4 11 2! 3 6|..| 3).
oo | ewer: in lL afalal alel..| gf. MS
265 Rignt.|_.|..|..|..) 4] 2l al el.| sl. Tongue: whitish. -..222)|52:cececeleesun seeeereeee
| HOwer =r att (lala lea eteolaledl tales
ali) | Soopers scans lee he --fe-|>-|--]--]- | Not fully well.......- \Saoacaacd |SSeSsasccascos sc
laure Rights s\- 3) 4 Ae oll ealipes|
=| lnett .. Salerro) 4) Op 21. alee 8-2.) Tongue ‘somewhat ||. - 2 onan seeee see
281 __ fRignt.|..|..|..| 4 5] 1] 2L3)-.|.| 8 coated.
Mee anette eles -.| 4) 3 3} 3\__|__| 8
Upper--lrett LLL dala dal lal
268 Right.!..|..!..|..! a! al at |.! sl. Go eM bearer eng
aie oa 1 2 3| 6l__| ai.
Nee Right.|ea\o4|rsleaeOae le! 3\ Gest Slee les|
yore [nett _.|.-| 3l.-| af al al..| el] al.
269 | fRight.|..|..|../..| 9 a] 2l al 6|..| 8 Not fully well......-.-|-.-------]--------+-------
| Bees cert | Ne -.|-.| 3} 2} 3} 6)..| sl.
; A RAle alee
orrer-tree tC lscldaa lalla).
210 ee ea ek tt 2| 3)..|..| si. Si ee | ed pea
| “livett | lela 2|- 1 Seal) Ob sisel__|. Sle
Right.|..|.-| 3} 4) 5) 1) 2). Sa |RS ies
| Upper. {ert _.|--] 3\4} of 1} 2-1]. | 8.
271) fRignt.|..|..| 3 4} 1] 2l-|..}.-| al. CES PSRs eS a PSR aaa
OMe Tete IC \S\ alla of lel Kegle
| fRight.|..|_.|..|..|..] 4] 2| 3) 6! 7| gi).
UEP teett \e|--| 3} 4lqil 2) ele lala
272 (Right.|..|..|..|..|.J 1] 2| 3! 6! 7] 8\.- 2)
Lower. . lene
(est ..|.-]2.]-<]--] 8) 4] 2} 3) 6l..| sl--l..
é fRight.|..|..| 3] 4} sf i] 2/..|..|..| 8.
[PBPe-Nirlete o-|2 | albaleal vel ll ols lealoaleg|
273 tower. {Pignt.|- -.| 4) 1) 9 31__|..| ah. Su)
\irettcel!2 al earalenvolaualcalngla
Upper. .{Right|--|-.| 3} 4) 3) 2)..)...) 8.)
| (Left ..|..|..| 3] 4] 5] a) ai. flea
AS IF (Right.|../..| 3 4| af | 21. a). oa
OTS lett Nk | 3) dle aloes Bie
: Right.|..| 2|..|..|..1|-.| 3] 6| 7] si..l.
a ..| |---|.) 1f.-| 3) 6f 7} 8] 91. Very
ze hi __ fRight.|..|..|..|..|:.[)4} 2} 3! 6| 7] gl. C? einai" = ya
sere itet oo es eles lela ley 8.
Upper. {Risht-|--|--] 3 4) 1] 2.-)--|--] 8.-
| \weft ..!..|..) 3] 4! 5p 4) al. |g ..|..] Tongue slightly
218 lu Taps PSS at al lean (cla Yalu iey eo se 8 coatedsh ra holga cht sal |e a ae
ee EN MeetG ele tev lea ea el) 523 6 se ee
@ See also table on p. 295 et seq.
» Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
A ¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
ata).
a
ee ly a
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
335
Il. Inpran CHILDREN OF APPROXIMATED AGES—Continued
TABLE 4 (Female). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstrua-
y ] 2 2
tion’—Continued
(d) PIMA GIRLS—Continued
S Teeth.d
Position. Condition of subject. ¢ | Breasts.| Menstruation.
E Second.
|
Upper... Right.|..|.. 1 al..|..|.. aa
277 (Left ....).- ; 2... 6/-.| 8)..|-- Monpue costedesa- 224 4|2s5eee- eellecmae aes -erl=
Paeeneimisntss4|.1.. 1} 2| 3|..|.. 8).-|.-
iiire tee |e a |oe fl ARS eee tle se
| Upper.. fRight.|..|.. 1] 2. | 6| 7) 8| 9..
278 | (Left ..]..).. 1) 2)..| 6) 7) 8) 9)--) Not fully well........ WAOTIN Ye |paeeceeaeraa=es
Lower. .{Right.)..)..|..|.. U2). 3}, 6)7-) 819, small.
iieett 2s) 12:2 sepa il 6| 7| 8] 9).
Right WON alee
[eee see 1) 2.) 6..| 3i..|.
279 Ieeiean es (+)
| Right 1| 2! 3] 6|-.| 8] ol...
| Lower..| sli ara |
| Left .. 1} 2] 3] 6]..| 8)..|.
980 | eee k= ree rem her al Pt) (Ret AC Ua pelle ales i cal (+) WiGaway | Sacgencusoccosoc
| | | small.
21h eee ad eee oa). All except last MonpleryellowiShs=s.s\o-- CO =| oa. /) Somewhat nervous...| Moder- do.
| Hower eee fe Al 6 4 8 se ate.
\Left ..|--|-./..|..|-.] 1] 2} 3} 6] 7] si 9)-.
0117 ele ete ease Ie ER cesta ie al ei (ES) aes eared es Can
347 ox od EN Oe ..|..]..|..]..J All except last | Slightly nervous. .....| Moder- do.
| molars. ate.
348 | Bt) cic ietree Solnios att Mallen be except last (4) ape ae ae
Get) Eo seceooceasoende | molars.
Si ea poosasseopenesieclodealealed passe GOse = ere cet (+) Very do.
| | small.
1a Is ross os mer eines 2||58\[se|lealled booot COs erecta (+) Small... do.
SGD all> Sete oe aie ence {ape el ae RAT Te doves: ees Tongue coated.....-. oe dose! do.
Sensi Alereae acts eto ie Bel aac Beane 6 (0) Rin ee fee ee (+) Moder- do.
| ate.
354 | Sotadedeenene anise jeejec|ee]--[e epee ee doer eee. (So) RPO eee em skeae oA
OO mere ace eels ae at pee eet eta! eject Go Sey See (+) Moder- do.
| ate. |
BIN OA Raps cr toeepnSobace calles | Sele ghee (Oko) te eaeH Sener (+) = LAO do.
Bor laaeenese gaze eo eee eee eee dapete aie! (+) 5 dos need:
358 oe ee ace teen He icclleell alkssl Ge seta eee, temeremeees (+) eee dore do.
S50 eee eer Se acenoe [ial steal All 32. Sore throat........... eendoee do.
SOOM ae cea Pelee leeler| ar All except laist:| Not wellle..--.-.+..2-- Sm alle eat ae en ceee
molars.
Fst Re tena Pe bales eee Meee dor eee (+) ~ | Moder- do.
| | ate.
SOD LIE sae. Oh eet ees Relea Baebes. OMe es Nat iret (+) Small.. do.
a See also table on p. 295 et seq.
b Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar; 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
A ec Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
ata). \
340 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [wunn. 84
Il. InpDIAN CuiLpREeN oF ApPproxIMAaTED AGrs——-Continued
TasLe 4 (iemale). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstrua-
tion &—Continued
(Jd) PIMA GIRLS—Continued
6 Teeth.t
fe Position. Condition of subject.¢) Breasts,, Menstruation.
cf Viret. Second, |
cos iol |
| { |
COGU ya sins eee nia done oe ty |. | Re INU WO lew ets sate’ aaiy oes nie atele ante {nt ae
DUM wie aiiets aleeiewteryse All except last | (+) Moder-| Yes, over @
molars, fate, | year.
SOD ees Genevisunash es Ne alieg ol aehh ol At loos lalate eetlie (+)
Upper en moll ral lta, wl acd 2 i 6 7) 8 0x
266 | HE ioe elle acl eee irs a 6 7| 8) 9)... es AToder- do
le. eee {Right.|..|..|..]..|..J 1] 2) 3) 6 7) 8 9]... 4 oe :
SV Tat cd|«clan|oeleele ef 3} 2} 8] 6} 7).8) 9% ois:
BOT a ete aeteel sg All except last (+) Snip. |sse>seseeanawsen
molars.
Bt a OR ae el Bape ear | Peer (Oa a eS ee (+) Moder- do.
ale,
upper. (eight Fda eco |e l 2| 3| gl 8 9.
36) | [Weetteaelseleclsclee| aula! 2 3) 6..| 8 9)..| Tongue slightly whit- do. . do.
lower (Right.|..|..|..|..|..J 1) 2) 3) 6 7 8} 9|..| - ish.
UES ola dl ates al elo al 2) 3| 6|'7| 8| 9
BIO les donee cep ones All 32. (+) Peete do,
Bik lis apie cites Ware te All 32, (+) eae do.
OM sia et ye eipiee ale ete gp All except last (+) raptor do.
molars.
Upper... e4* Boel eel ey (et! 2 3 ei 7 8) 9|..
373 { TOE g cllew'lievelle.slere| eal all mains 6 7| 8 9|..| Tongue somewhat |) do... do.
itrawar {Right.|..|..]..\..|..J 1] 2) 3) 6) 7| 8 91x) coated.
*"l Deft ..|..|..|--|-2|--f 2) 2} 3] 6] 7) 8) ol x
BTR codapamen Ele Sale (a. eal ee
BIS tee Set ear pe: C3)... Meee ee eee
B76 lactase. Beceem Meal vahaal-abmalee Co EMM (Sverre rere orn
| Naim RRR IT ESTS All except last (+) Moder- do.
' molars. ate.
a oe bape dee saleeleeleol-o§ | 2] 3) 6) 7] 81 9
; | UDO LB eae | eel eee eet hl el] r| esl ee he
378 5; Tongue coated......- Seer ane do.
Lower. [en waleelee|«f 1) 2) 3] 6] 7] 8] Ox
DOLE ciel el wreltiece level eco WU! Melina Ol cei} tes Olea
Upper. .{ Hehe. le lealechesh 2} 2) 3] 6] 71 Si9
379 { |Left’..|-.|.-|-c|--|»-) 1} 2) 3) 6) 7) 8] 9 (+) Small. do.
ewer fRight.|..|..|..|..].. 1} 2] 3] 6) 7) 8} Ox
[Left ..|..|.-|--|--|--] 1] 2} 3] 6} 7] 8) 9)x
BBA) ae nie ia’ aia ie Sater All except last | Tongue slightly coat- |....do.. do.
molars. ed,
BSL \inasaivelets ves = sie ee BA MARA ee ton beste MOLE tate tere (+) Moder- do.
ate.
Gari paieeeN ota mee eats All 82. (+) oe SO mb do.
BOO ilneina ees pee es awe .1s sw\ee|e|--[e-§ All except last (+) OO a do.
molars.
a See also table on p. 205 et seq.
» Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 8, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, anterior bicuspid; 7, posterior bicuspid; 8, first molar, 9, second molar; 10 (=x), third molar.
¢ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chiefly to Table 3 (physiological
data).
HEDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 341
Il. Inpran Cuitpren or Approximarep AGrs—Continued
Taste 4 (Female). Teeth; condition of subject; breasts; menstrua-
tion®—Continued
(d) PIMA GIRLS—Continued
g | | Teeth) : |
¥ Position a > | Condition of subject.¢ | Vreasts., Menstruation.
g First Second,
|
a: oF ee ‘ Ty Th rane a
384 au veon ae 3 | Pong AUSBUY. Golo |e os ve ced acaoams severe sos
| | | | | A H | lowish.
Be Bales 2 6| 7) 8) 9).
fore leet | E | “7 a i
385 me ScPeE rat tal Tl ft a eat (+) | Moder-. Yes, over 4
F Fag fRight.|..|..\..|..|.. | 2) 3} 6) 7| 8) 9x Lage Jen
ira Fe lle]. 1] 2} 3 67 8 9). j
B86 |. eee eereeeeeeeelee Si ae Bl esl bate: (+) band ae
1.7 fill ary Oe bem pe ey All dome last (7) Moder- do.
| molars. | ate,
BOS ge dercudp os snenalee Hsleclools ets Feet Slightly nervoug.....-|.... do.. do,
3ag | ry Spe EPP or be Ue Pe IOS aoe oe oe oRe (+) i Sao do.
Le EOE APO Fe ea ae) 4 (+) feeeeia do.
} } 4
« See also table on p. 295 et seq.
b Explanation: 1, median incisor; 2, lateral incisor; 3, canine; 4, anterior premolar; 5, posterior pre-
molar; 6, ante rior bicuspid; Gy posterior bic uspid; 4%, first molar; 9, cond molar; 10 (= "*), third molar.
€ Symbol (+) means in good health and normal state; has reference chie ly to Table 4 (physiological
data).
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
342
88x | PLT 6°08 FI 0°08 8€ 68 8Z 9°94 Zé Ook 9€ 6 TL G SL 8 Lith b
6°FI PLT 9 FT ia 9°FI 8& TFL 8% 2&0 LE €°eT 9€ [felt GG 8 °C 8 TOL Fb
81 PLT 8°1L ae 9°IL 8€ Loe 8Z OL LE 0°OL 9€ 8°6 GG F°6 8 0°6 ¥ |
76 LOT &6 vas 96 8€ OOT | 8G Sor | 9E 6IT | 9€ SIT | & 8éI_ | 8 961 | F
0°9L PLL 6 °ST las 8°CT 8¢ 9°CT 83 €°ST 9€ Teast 9¢ TicCleutacG 6 FT 8 9°FI i
678 SFT 8-78 8 6&8 GS 6°S8 £6 6 °S8 ST 08 A 18 or ¢°&8 ¥ 1°98 G
TGd SFT GGL 8 6°GL GS OTe &%@ OTE ST Taees FI 9°SL or 8°7k v hd G
6°78 SFL 98 8 6°98 GG 9°L8 &% Gk cT g°98 FI 6°98 Or 4°68 v | 6°06 ZG
"eT SFT tat 8 ST GS Sec &@ OxeT ST 8°OI ual 8°GT Or L°OL F eral Zz
8°cT SFI 6°ST 8 6°ST G 9°ST & GST ST TST ae GT OL 6 ‘ST. P eZeel G
L°81 SFT 9°ST 8 ST | GS S°LT &% FLT oT ¢°LT FI 21 OL LT F €°91 G
Renee ee |b EES Weta AGS | 8& IT& | 8& | $46 | 98 eeeTg: INGE, | 8&8 | IZ 00g | L 06r |e
Behe yaa Sead | AY) | ae 9°8¢ 8¢ "87 83 | s6e | 9¢ Incas cs | 9°66 IG T& Z | T'06 €
6°9F 09 7 8t | iat ET NA8e 6k7 | 8% [iy Wks Gor | 98 Toh | @& (ie | A3 | ee Nis
F'08 09 €°E8 FI 8°82 | 8€ PPL 8Z £69 LE | T°39 98 ecores GG 61S 8 | L‘OF i
6&9 09 91g FI 6g SE 16g 8Z bo LE 8°89 98 9°79 GG 1 °9¢ 8 | 9°99 Pp
8°06 09 1°88 PI ¢'98 8& 9°08 8Z 6°SL LE 8°62 98 £°69 GG 6°€9 8 #'09 if |
|
*sqool *sqool *sqool *sqool | sqoof | “‘sqoal *sqool *‘Sqool | *squol
‘ase | -qns ‘ase | -qns ‘ase | -qns ‘ase | -qns ‘ase | -qns | ‘ase | -qns ‘oBB -qns ‘ase | -qns | *aBB -qns:
-IdAV | JO Jaq -1aAV | JO Jaq | -1aAVW |JO J0q| -IaAVy | Jo 1aq| -I9AV | JO Jaq} -I9AW | JO Jaq | -1aAY | Jo Jaq | -IaAy | JO Joq| -IaAV | Jo 1oq
-WON -umN -umN -wWnN “WON -uInN -wanN -WnN -wnN
*2 691 “S°GLT 09 OLT “6°69T OF O9T “66ST 04 OST “O'6FT 04 OFT “6'6ET 94 OFT “66ST OF OZI “6'GIT OF UTT | *6°60T 04 8°S0T
‘SUNpV
“(uD Ul) aINnyBIg :shog
ATVW
HHOVAVY (2)
SJUIUWIANSDIUL JO JIDAISGP °G AIAV,
ponuljuo)—sSady GaLVNIXOUddy dO NAUATIH() NVIGNYT ‘TT
Sietrdeir shee iclar ac ee “**XOpUl [BIBT
“7 XBUL OIVBUIOSAZIq IOJOWRI(T
Pet a ele Reader ae Ge ae “44310 H
:00B
easiest - (900'T=01nqB4s)
91N}B1S 01 UOT} RIOT UL BINPOW|W
gO ag ae ajnpour o1yeydeg
uk 5 XopUl YI pvaLq-1Y S10 H
pirate oleae -** XapUl YISUs]-7YSI0
Cae Saas “xepur o1yeyday
a" age = yee eS > IUSIOH
XBUI [B191B[ IoJOUIBI(T
[Reyes sosae = eam ieieieefele] —ir\elebae/aiene ele xXRBul
10110480 d-0190]UB IoJOUIRIG,
:pauojapun po fT
"m6" *9IN}BYS JO ‘wd Jed 4YSIO A
Balle (ee waa re tare a eae aaa BTO IAN
"77s s>">="="=91n]B4S JO 988] UV010g
Bar Saar og BIYOST (NS YY SI0 HL
Sem Reig i 01N]BYS JO VSRJUIIIIT
Peale See “=> "= BIqoOst BIdNs YYBI0
343
DICAL OBSERVATIONS
=
vi
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MI
HRDLICKA]
“RUISeIG PUB 1VROUT AIOJIPN® [BULo} Xo SILI) OUI] UdInJog v
Ore tr Goh «(18 SG Jer GI le er Neerae Ne yae |i ee Or, | OL Og Mts , ogee he wee a sores sess XapUl YSU9[-74sI0H
Msi) cy 8 G8 | SF G98 | 88 LS. | 86 7°88 | GT. B48. N00 S808. | Ct oleae wea aoe ae eee tae srrressss ss xepur omeqdag
0°ST IF ee 8 6 ZI eP SIGE 8¢ €°GI 8Z ZORC Le eSTr GOT Or GEGD |G See ote Ong Rane an aera nam catia eal » {YSIOH
cc. =| ‘IF ¢°ST 8 €°St er TST 68 0°ST 8% 6 FT GT LI or (Aa dle SM male ene ae eee gtk we “"*XBUL [BI0} BT 1dPOULBIC
Lefig As | IF 9°ZT 8 G°LT €P PLT 6€ PsLy 83 8°9L CT O°LT OL 6°91 (ACR ail ee ae Binet es * XBUL 10110}s0d-010}UB LopOUTBIC,
| | | | :peuLLOJopUN pPBoTT
hehe Jn gg | at 4&8 | $S ése | T¢ | tte | ¥e bE | 9G 10¢@ | ¥1 881 | € “oinze4s JO “Wo Ted 4YSTO A
TSR Perens | nls ai 0°SS *¢ Ly Tg 6°SE FE 9°16 9% Sse | wn GROGe eG, FSS oe Sak Sees ig ere aeaeaia eal ereamiaee 1 U1 TO) ANI
GLP | 6G 9°LT ial oor gg Lor TS oor FE 8°¢9 9 arr FI Sy teal Mond Neen eae ea res eT a1N}e4s JO osvy{WOILET
6'8L | 66 Cale; FI be, 8¢ 6°29 T¢ ¥ C9 PE ¢"L¢ 9% GTS FI TLP CE els -E , Seas hh oa ee BIOS! qns FYSIOH
89 | 6% 769 =| FT o°s¢ | 8S Ip Weis SS Ie airs 79 =| 9 8°99 | FT T'99 | & Ferien rir sc oINyR4S JO asV WadIEd
9°C8 63 6 °S8 lal €°C8 8¢ G°LL Tg | 8 °SL FE | $°89 9G 9°F9 FI 6°09 | § I" at ahi Biyost vadns YYsIOy
| | |
*sqzool “sqool *sqool *sqool *sqool | *sqool *sqool ‘sqoal |
‘ase | -qns ‘ase | -qns ‘ase | -qns ‘ase | -qns ‘ase =| -qns ‘ose | -qns ‘ose | -qns ‘ase | -qns
-IdAVy |JO Jaq} -laAW | Jo 1oq| -toAW | JO oq | -IoAV | Jo Jaq | -IoAV |JO 1oq| -IaAW | JO Ioq | -1aAV | JO oq | -IoAV | Jo Jaq
/-unN -UInN -uINN -WINN -WInN -WInN -wnN
“CLST “99T 09 O9T “66ST 01 OST | “6°6FT 04 OFT | “6 6EL OF OFT “6 6ZT OF OZT “6 6IT OF OT “6°60 01 9°90T
“squpy “(uno Ul) 9In}BIg ‘sTITD
aIVNdaA
AHOVAY (9)
| | |
PLE 8S 9°96 €L L°GG 8€ LST | 86 6 @ 9°¢ | 98 G’€ 0G T 8 CEO | Tl acne Be eey Tents ogo *"UOMoBLyL,
‘OF 8¢ €6e | €I 6se | se 1-8 | 8% Grote wii Sen koe Ore “Nog 09 8 ze iW ae Be Oe ----puey yyoT
6 OF g¢ OFF €1 ¥-9E LE 6°SG | 82 6°81 LE 8 FI 9¢ GOL 0G O2 8 oT F | “puey Iysny
:0010F OINSSOI
S°86 L 6°86 IL 8°86 &¢ 6°86 | FS 8°86 GE 6°86 ce 0°66 oT 1°66 9 9°66 g lise eee ee aa ----91n}e10d ute J,
gt L SI II ST €& 6I || 92 8T (9 61 (69 0a 0z 1% 9 1G & | ~*uorpeitdsay
€9 L 9 It 99 ifs 69 | &% 69 GE el 0g e SI 18 g €8 g KiGRiGken Th ont “---9ging
| | : (spool
j -qns |eutiou ut) yeorsorosAyg
—
[ BULL. 34
PST 9 LST €T 9°FI g¢ £6 T¢ 6° FE Wie 9% PT IT ¢‘0 | G CO agen al Soe Or eg RAE EON he ee UWOTJOBI L,
1 “SG 96 0°SG &1 6°16 gg | S20 Tg 61T FE $6 96 6°2 FL 0'¢ Chey, || ea ee Seto Saat as = ae puey 4foy
G9 96 6°26 tae 8°F6 Gg | 9°6T T¢ 8°€I rE | LTT 9% €°6 ial o's (Giri a oc > 9rnqeredura y,
S DE es SI | &I Oley] Tso x6n |. by 0 | 8% TG geG E00 AI 00 (cAm Aan SSDs at Each ese Sao “>>> -toneridsay
5 ¢"¢9 L GL GL GL SF L cr 94 | & 6L 1G 98 II OB: alia) oe eacgieris oe. Ten eAT a mt" Cran eee ee a as[nd
A afqns [BUILOU UT) [BOTsO[oIsAy
5, | (spoalq I 1sO[O]
‘cn 94 Tg 164 PI Brkd 8g ree? cg | 49h | PE 8 Th 9% b 8h FI Oe ANS RPT sae EY ate le aaa el ORE Xopul[BIORT
Ss [yA Tg PPL PI OFT 8¢ 9°€T Gg | Ger rE 6S 9% 9S FI GEST NGC aN cae ees ica ee "77>" XBUL O1QBULOZAZIq IoJOULBIC,
= 8 ‘OL Tg FIL FI | 6°OL 8¢ | $°OT ce | 0°0r rE | 4°6 9 £°6 FI Z'6 ne lah Soh aides ib ae RAR aed corer et da pote JUSIOH
a | | | 1008 J
iS 6°46 1¢ 9°96 FI 6°86 s¢ [HE RR I = yaa Fe peuRSHEs ealae 96T | FT SSI | | (000'T = 01n}B4s) 01N9B4S OF UOT} RIAL UL BTNPOFT
a Ge “ST 1? GGT FI GST g¢ | IST 1¢ 9 "FL | rE | 8°FT GS oF 1 COP NG rae gent | Gimi sete Ante ec She sehen Meteo oisean Sime aynpour opeyday
Tavs) | Ly, 9°98 =| 8 Gu WT AO) NS 0°98 |8G |6%78 | ST 6°78 | OF ORLE: | Gara Pe ees ann Seite Xopul YI pBelq-ysioH
5 | *penulyuoj—poeultoyopun pRay{
5 “sqool “sqool *sqool *sqool | *sqool | *sqool -sqoat 7 “sqool
‘ase | -qns ‘ase | -qns | ‘ode | -qns ‘ose | -qns ‘ase | -qns | ‘ade | -qns ‘ase | -qns | ‘ose | -qns
Dp “IOAV | JOdoq | -1oAV | Jo Joq | -10aAVW | Jor0q| -1aAW | Jot0q | -IaAW |Joreq | -IaAV | Jo .10q| -IoAW | Jo Joq | -19AVW | Jo 10q
= -tnN “InN “WINN -uIn N -uInN | -WInN -UInN -UINN
5 OC LST “99T 04 O9T “66ST 09 OST “GGFT OF OFT | “6°GET OF OET “66ST 04 OZT ‘6°6IT 01 OTT | °6°60T 04 9°90T |
Ps e E nas
“S}INDV
344
“(Ud UL) 81N{BIS iSpy
ponunu0j9—a IVA
penuyu0j—AHOVAW (9) °
penulyuog—spwamainspaut Jo JIDASQP *G ATAV Y,
penuyuoj—sdoy AaLVNIXOUddy JO NAYATIHD NVIGNT ‘TT
345
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
HRDLICKA]
“BUISOIg PUB I} ROU AIOZIPNB [BUI] Xe BUI}OoUNOD OUI] UDAaMYog v
978 | ¢¢ 0°98 G & 98 9% | 4°88 ) 61 {9°78 | 8 6°18 | Lb 6°08 «| FT 68h | F “kh €
|
¢ Fl | €¢ al Zz 6 ET 9% | 2° 61 | 0’ET | 8z 8 OI 1 € OI cas 0ST 4 ¢ TT g
| |
€ OT €¢ aral 4 61 9% Sale 61 JSAVIE Were 7 OL , | 26 0'0L FT F 6 4 6°8 ts
|
Esa | ¢¢ 476 |G 4°86 KG | 6°46 61 TOL | 8% OIT 1G dt | FT Tél. \% 68— |
|
6 ST €¢ LST a c'cT 1G €°ST 61 Est | & OST | 12 8 FL FI 8°FT F € ‘FT €
146 1g S16 |% 686 |ro |7'86 |8t |e re- | B96 | & 716) | en 816 |F ike 3
6 TL Tg 46h G GGL ¥G | OG4 | 81 6 EL 16 GCL £6 4 64 €T 6GkL. | ¥F OTL €
"9d 1g (6°08) |Z kd ¥G Ghee || SL eros oS G9L | 8 96h | ST 964 F 6k €
8°€T 1g L’et G sted 9% € "1 81 GEL | LS Ter ¥G | $2 | Lae 8 GI F € GI €
LE 1g 0°ST G ¥ FT FG al 81 6’EL | SS 8°8T FG OFT | tlt 0 FI F OES: §
G61 1¢ 9°81 G 9 °8T ixG | 81 ST € ‘81 | sz L'8T | ¥G LLY: €I Lt |¥. eZ €
| | | |
Pie iia Sieh “T e86 |% 196 | 16 | 718 | 6L 696 | 8% Ite | 9% 61¢ | HI Isl |¥ “OF | &
Pekin | csr "ike <9 z GL. LG 0 '6F 61 ¢ 6 8% LCs 9% 6°26. | FT ¢°0G i CLL g
Ted eg ia z Use PLC = DAE SIO) WELT SG GR VLG ONSEN SPT ee Tr NE
0-'Ig eg 8°08 z 6°82 L | T'eL 61 1°69 | 8 T $9 1 1°89 | FT F 0 b 6 SF §
669 (3) 669 G 8% 1G | 769 61 § ee 8Z 8 GP KG 4&9 | OT 9°99 ¥ Gag §
T'T6 €¢ 6 06 ZG P98 1G I'18 61 SSL | 8 GIL 1@ T'89 «| FT 679 «6«|F € 1g g
‘sqool “sqoal *sqool *sqool “sqoot *sqool | “sqool *sqool “sqool
‘ode «| -qns | ‘ode | -qns | ‘ode | -qns | ‘ode | -qns | ‘ose | -qns ‘ose | -qns ‘ade | -qns | ‘ade | -qns ‘ase | -qns
-IaAV |JO oq} -IeAy |JO Jeq| -IeAV | Jo 1eq | -IaAV |Jo 1oq| -I9AW [JO 10q| -IOAV |JO Ieq| -IaAVW | JO Joq| -IeAV | JO 10q | -I9AV | JO 10q
-uInN -umnN | -UIM NY -UInN -UIm NV un N -umN -UImN -umN
“SILT “CLT 04 OLT “6°69T 07 09T | “66ST 94 OST “O'6FT 02 OFT *6'6ET 04 OFT “6 6CL 04 OZT “661 01 OTT “6601 94 OOT
“syNpV “(und UT) oINyRIg :sAOg
aAIVW
WHId (0)
BO SDOP DRIED RGIE “**XOpUl [BIORT
"77" XBULOIBVUIOSAZIG L9ZOULVICy
SABO DOOOGS AGES JSS SATS OFT
1008
pe ts “>> (Q00‘T=01N4¥B4s)
01NZBIS Of UOIZVIJoI UL oTNpOPW
ies icles ais be ieee ginpour o1yeydog
“oo 5"*-xXepuUl Yypvealq-7ysIoH
eteeths te Xopul Y}SU9T-IYSIOH
OHS sre esess>*=xopUr oBydeD
SWoktmueety ace are +. 29° DAUSIOL
Iles seen pe XBUL [BIOJBT 1oJOULvIC,
PRES Gog ESC era OB ECORI OO GS 700k
IOT10}8S0d-O101uB = JoJOUTVICT
:pouL1ojopun pBoay,
--m4a6**-9InyeYs JO “UL Jed 4Y3IO A
ID Sen a ere Spee aman ane TO)AN
Loe Sty oInye{s JO osvyuedI0g
HeSoU RE EoD E “*"""*BITOSI QNS JYSIOTT
soo ssss5"""""97ngBIS JO O8BIMODIOg
eae aera “-=" eryost Bidns IUSloyL
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
346
sao [0s *) oso | s seg jee |eeg jee jeer | ve | or | 8 [gt |e s99 | T Bact area. tat shea gs eA ain} 84S Jo adv UAdIeg
C8 0g €°S8 ci 0°S8 Sts 6°92 g¢ Lave | GE ORLOy SiS |; 939 | € 9°6¢ | I Paver tee noe rg epee. sores e ess" Bitost BIdns IYSeTT
| | | | | | | a a. ” =_ eae a ee eee i
| “sqoal “sqoal “sqoal “sqoal “sqoof | ‘sqoal | | -syool | “sqoat |
‘ose | -qns "O50 -qns ‘ose | -qns “98B -qns ‘ase | -qns | ‘asu -qns | ‘ase =| -qns ‘a3B | -qus
-I0AV |JO 1oq4 -19AV | Jo 10q} -1aAV | Jo 1eq| -10AVy | Jo toq | -taAV | JO 1eq | -I9AV | JO Jaq} -IaAV | JO 1oq| -19AV | Jo 1aq
-umN -WInN -WINN -umnN -UInN -UNN | -UInN -UInN
“POLST “SPOT 2 OYT “66ST 04 OST “6 6FT OF OFT “6 68T OF OFT “66ST OF OZT “6 6IT 04 OIT “6601 OF OOT
“squpy “CULO LT) oInyLeys spr)
aIVANda ‘
. VIId (P)
| | = | |
GG | FT L‘¥G G 9 °GG 9G GPL 61 F'8 | 16 | $-o | 26 fh ey | PI O'T 14 ¢'0 Ts OA Sateen eee UOTZOBI J,
8°95 ia 0°68 G GPE 9% GPS 61 0°LT KG 9 FT | 1 € OL ial 8°S ¥ GG Gr =| aa” co ae aes puey yyoT
GIP FI € OF G GSE 9G 9°86 61 VO eae eEG 6ST | 26 Fel FI Land i 0’ G PG eee eee puvy yysIy
| | 9010] oINSsel g
¢°86 xa € 66 G € 66 ing € °66 eT G66 9G 19°66 | GZ 1°66 | rat 6°66 if 8°66 Cpe te Oe ie Spe aes ainyertoduto J,
8T & C81 G 61 ¥G 0% 91 0G 9G 1G 9G GG PI GG 6 9% Oe > all ed sae aia eR ae eek uorzeatdsoy
6¢ FG ee Ale eee 99 ¥G c9 € 69 GG €L GG LL eS ¢ 18 8 c8 Qi, Rae US wit eens Las ac PS asd
: |: (sqoofqns [BUIIOU Ut) [BaIsOTOIsSAy
| | | |
“qool “qool *qoal “qool “qool “qool “pool *qool “qool
‘ase | -qns ‘ase. | -qns ‘asv | -qns ‘ase | -qns ‘osB | -qns ‘ase | -qns ‘ase | -qns ‘asB | -qns ‘ase | -qns
-IaAVW |JO 1oqf -19Ay | Jo oq | -raAy |jo toq| -19aA VW |JO t0q | -toAW |JO J0q| -IaAW |JO Ioq| -IaAVy | JO Jaq | -IaAV |Jo Ioq | -1aAV | Jo oq
-umN -unN -uInN -UInN -WInN -uInN -UINN -umN -mUnN
“STILT “CLT 94 OLT *6°69L 04 O9T “66ST 04 OST “6'6FT 01 OFT =| “6°6ET 04 OFT 66ST 94 OZT “6ST OF OIT *6°60T OF OOT
“sqnpy ‘(ud ul) a1nzeaIg :shog
penunuoy—aA Ty W
penunu0op—VWIId (2)
ponurju0gj—spuawmaunspau Jo JoDSQY °G ATAVY,
ponulyuo’)-—sadoy GaLVWIXOUddY AO NGUaTIH(Y) NVIGN]T ‘TT
347
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
]
HRDLICKA
* -wurfo1q puv 1) Rou ALOJIPNB [BUI] XO SUIQOIUTOD OUT] WoeMyog v
ee Se ecu ee — = —— a — oD ee Ee eee =
SiO 6 gor | ¢ |GIh 4) 76 8°g gs | ¥% 0g | a | 2 z fa aiis: | aeaal | yeaa ie ppt et a 5h) ia) See MOROBLT
8°61 6 8°SG ¢ 6°6T | F& 6°FL €€ Laue 08 | 68 LT | OF GPa |e een | |e bac ael ia eras Lime TPR gy “7 >" puey 4yo'T
(ares 6 £766 ¢ L°G | FE CLT (gs | ¥°S1 0€ | 8°6 LT SL°s G htaecaral dl laeeeirace a Sans meee ma ieee nes puvy Isr
| | | | 19010} VINSSIIT
G66 F £°66 9 ¢°66 6€ ¢°66 ce | 1°66 8Z | $°66 | ST | 6°66, ¢ | igs Sarr cia hg Sta ue acne ace aes a aanyestod wT,
ST i 61 ¢ 0z 6£ reelké cE eekG (9 GS 61 ag 8 8Z T pe aed a eta ae ar eis Seeker wor} BATdsoy
G19 F 99 ¢ cL | 9 ) x? GE | Gb 8Z SL | ST | &8 L 96 T Wlecan es PO ate setts A ek a Can as[ndg
| | | | :(syooqns [BULIOU UT) [BOTSOTOISAY
£°&8 0g o°S8 ¢ | 1&8 GE | 6°S8 cE | § 68 GE | ore | ST | 84h Si 0°08 T ie Rg cr aera te oe Tha ech aa XOPUT [BOB
8°€1 0€ 8&1 ¢ Cisle eS | 0°&T cE | o-ar GE ara ST | et g Ir 1 iy Sei lead 2, Re SR ae XBUL OI} BULOSAZTG OJOUIBI
Cir 0€ CI ¢ GIL ts 8°OL cg GOL GE 6°6 SI 16 € | 66 Titel | nah tank RECN, GK LS ES nin SOO SE ORS SUhoe HET
| :00B
1°86 0€ 6°16 ¢ “1°86 | FE GOI | SE 801 | OéT | ST 0st |& | 6¢ef || 7 ~ (000° T=0.1N7 84S) 0.1N}B4S 0} HOTZ RIAL UT eNpoyy
cE “ST 0€ FST ¢ DeSean ike 8°FT ce 9°FT CE TST ST 6°F1 € | OF (Oe Wy ape eed erate ra \ ah ~-anpouwt oreydag
86 ; OF 6°86 ¢ TG | ¥§ 6% FE Ti GE 7°86 cT 8°S6 g | °06 if rane ee ries RUA? cab tbeN XopUT YP BoeIq-JY S10
Gimme OS Th g 68h FE 9S int STd GE Lh cT 18h € 8? Oe at ae oy ee Sess ~* XOpUT YYSU9T-JYysPOH
8°8k 0€ 0°8k ¢ 664 FE 794 FE GLL (6 6°94 CT or8L 6 € Rec OSsei | NSA Be sab ina Sanat a ph ie oe xepur o1eydey
ySt | OF Pet ¢ {got F§ 6 SL FE 9°SI GE CSL cI ara’ € | 0°SL | aah ERIE Mee em aa eye tce tS oS p YS
PHL | 08 PFT )t GPL &F 6:81 8é L‘8T 9¢ Fel 91 cel ¢ | SG: Se | eee A coc ake a Re “7 7" ""XBULTBIOP Bl IOJOUTBIC
€°ST 0€ Fst L 6°LT &F 8°LT 8€ 9°LT 9€ FLT 9T GLI c | 9°9T ear Pe “777 "7" "XBUL 10T10}S0d-0.10}UB JOJOUBIT
:pewaojopun proxy
Sten S| (A fae I 2 478 | 7 96¢ | SE ere | ce Tié | 8T SLI | § sorenler *-amdB- °° 7-7 777777 ="-9IN4 BIS JO “UD Jed 4 SIOM.
Saale NOE 14 ¥°es ins 6°Gr =| SE t 8°SE GE ¢°9G ST 0°02 g | T'8T T eee, ee See 3 oe pace no es ea aU ONAN
kG 0€ TAT, ¢ Lo ce oLT ce jer GE oor ST 9°oF € ita T Riel on ee ee Otel s TOleaaiuoored!
O°SL 08 6°9L ¢ PVE GE 1°89 ce L°€9 GE 9°1¢ 8T G'S € € "SP 1 POO EOE RICO ORIEN MARDI 10 [AE] AUDEN) ST
348 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
TIL. Inpian ADULTS
TaB_LE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration
(@) WHITE RIVER APACHE
MALE
[In good health]
Rec- Tens Ree
ord Time cf the day. ae ea Pulse.a santa Remarks.
a | lingua).
| “ote as Sea ae tens eee 98.7 59 15
Ai) NOs hat seed eens oan 98.8 64 14
| LO aired e-em: ey (99.3)? 59 18 | Slight indisposition.
Biel SO Pe cies so se ee en eel 99.2 64 16 | After lunch.
Qual AS yp Silas eee yee eet eel 99.1 72 16 do.
e265 up HIM yereso- ce wean Sarees (99.4)? 61 15 | A slight stomach disturbance.
Bali cyt a5 Re ayers oe eee | 99.0 60 16
1 Re Ba a 0 E20 0 Pate ea ee eo oye 98.5 72 17
AUN) Wet Bt bet Yer oo ee ter ee a sear Ee eet ar | 98.6 59 16
OANA 5a el seco oe aes 98. 4 58 17
OI Neo Ul eh oc LS rer ge ee nes A Reed ne Sane | 98.8 59 18
GY) || G)icie eelee oo See ea eee | 98.5 71 16 | Tongue quite white.
Son BOeoO Qe ck s 2) = sees eee ee ee oe 99.0 56 18
OSU Ol Ola aie ee eee eee 98.7 63 18
AQ WC OSSO Nas iis meyers aon ee erent 98.5 62 16
43" ROUAb ya Misa cma see ee eee eee 98.8 68 16
44° (SOLSO vee Ie, Ae Sie ee oe See 98.6 56 16
48) MSW SN. Te = epee aee settee es 98.6 62 16
50) BO ae a Na se ee eo 98.6 54 17
50a eS0 ip amie a ae ee a ee eee 98.7 64 16
FEMALE
[In good health]
C39) UR bac Be ge 0 0 CR ee En Ae Ree a ae 98.9 - 72 18
58a Ola aM. saese cece eee esnceeemes 98.7 66 _ 18
545) 1030 os ais 53 cet ee a ese eee 98.8 60 18
665 Ojai A Sa ea reeene ater 98.8 70 15
Fal aD Me aa teste el top 8 tte mince ee 98.6 62 17
123) Dass sass sea te aes eee eee 98.9 68 17 | Some pains in lumbar region.
TAN ups mise a Aue eee eee pee 98.8 60 16 ;
|
a Taken in sitting position.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 349
Ill. Inpran Aputts—Continued
TaBLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(a) WHITE RIVER APACHE—Continued
MALE
[ Not in perfectly normal condition]
Rec- : ~ a cia Respi-
ee Time of the day. “(sub Pulse. raione Remarks.
lingua.)
Die 9230'S Mtns acco te sacle 98.3 76 16 | Stomach somewhat disordered.
Giles aye tomek ets serosa aia 99.0 72 16 do.
TU) | ee DN 0 Tete cep noe nace = (99.2) 60 16 | A slight sore throat.
1621) VR 1) OF a ye he es (99.3); 6L 20 | Some stomach disturbance.
ya ay Nowe Were Ree Ame a (99.6)| 72 15 | Not fully well.
TAR Sie sere oe eaasa. te ae eseer ee (99.3) 72 16 | Not fully well (stomach).
PAV a ES ton 60 eee ect A Pee 98.8 59 18 | Stomach disordered.
74) eal Sy ob set ere een eeneeaeene Saar 99.4 66 20 do.
2 Biya eM te mat tepee ee arava cietoieyacel 99.3 67 16 | Not fully well (stomach).
iia RL OND a Weleeta— o,eotsteve sini eterno arate toe Seo Sil steiveierote |\sfe stave sere do.
Pole AE G9 50 See oes Seen 99.2 68 20 do
ZOE Se S ip yes. oeia= eeciew ein 99.5 66 19 do
SIG F500 uP eUleys tate eel roren, oes cle ee eee ceieac lees seer [esencisoe Not fully well.
Sy) Picea ieee 2 Sp ostarenSoseecee 99.1 68 16 | Stomach somewhat disordered.
On| LOB eR sere 2's aise oie te eeisisiia =a 98.7 74 19 do.
ae [eal KO a a Te Fou 0 ae es ee ae ae ee 99.4 70 16 | Not fully well.
AQMEANS DIU se)ojs.cfe ae ais re Sapo x c= 2a 99.8 6L 16 | Not fully well (stomach).
NW Of a eI mrrsratse cm aS aise ec race sjasiese 100.2 70 16 | Not well (stomach).
ADT Bie deco oo eisc oe ieisjeiceiss see = 99.8 73 16 | Headache.
FEMALE
[ Not in perfectly normal condition]
DAM EO SOrAMN 2,221. Ne See Re reels Saisie were 98.9 82 17 | Stomach disordered.
Dog | LM OO Kae MA toon a lew tere 99.1 70 17 do.
Gorle2ipamMeean — eec ee seen aee 99.7 69 17 | Head and stomach not well.
69 saps Me ee ee se ee acewee ses oe 99.4 80 16:| Excited (nervous).
WOR V4al orp scllls aeehaae ciewiee Ce tose 98.9 74 19 | Stomach disordered.
(399 :30la. INS oem asgs a seteeiae'as vets 97.6 72 15 | Stomach not well, drank tesvino.
79) la. Mose meee csteee tect cel 99.0 76 17 | Somewhat nervous.
|
350
Ill. Inpran ApDULTs
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Continued
TaBLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(6) NAVAHO
MALE
[In good health]
Hee- : beteeins Respi-
ord Time of the day. (sub Pulse. matical Remarks.
2 lingua).
iL] (67D Sans eo eee te 98.7 | After exercise.
21 Onsite. Be roe eee ” 97.7
3 4| LO asim; 52. Sese-ce eee ee cose 98.4
Ap lila Sl ee he see ce esse eee eer 98.6
Ol eects Geis esas se neces eee 98.5
Gili Zsa eee ance eee ee era 98.6
ia| PaziPD SRNL .= on ae ER eeeesee Pe 98.8
Ou GSspeyM son Seine se kee eee ao 98.9
LO} eee Gots 25 fossa Sees 98.6
1 PN FC: 3) F590 desea epeameegn ear me Ts | 98.8
M3 NOSSO La esINl ene We Seer Seeyaee ee 98.8
A LON as at Se eos ce eee eee oe 98.0
7 His li tn oS 00 ee ae Ra ae 99.0
LS) || Opa aiTTN He. ae Ae LOE ele Shas 99.0
iS fol eee (6 (0 ea oS Sree eee tr ae 98.9
21 Oa peo Soro ee See 98.9
230 G2 = Meese ONS ere eee 99.4
74 0)el De if 0. re eS oi re Aa ee 98.6
30))|| WSO ia Nis, arse Soe sees oe 97.6
2h OlD aN se sen nececnt ot aoc oaeeeee 98.4
SON SOND sds Seen t deine oc ee ie e See ee 98.9
36)}| (ODSME & haat erase caso eee eens 98.7
SS: p2UD AMG sire asia oe Bre ee ee cee ee 97.7
Ci cere do. 98.8
AVG Ole ae ke a ramreeerek ese eehe 98.5
AQ OUP SoTDN ahs et acai is Sion 99.2
GSU LUE: Yo @ OWS meh mst sia Sora pieces re Ae 98.8
AGW Pea eA eos 2s Siok meee Merion 98.3
AT NG: 30)! aI: arte nc eae ee Ceeeiae 99.0
AGH) LOO, ssa Woy sre tas oss ate See ee 98.8
SOAs |= as Oise a ere eee tase ae 98.5
SOD [eli aes See = UE ae eee er 98.8
Le
HRDLICEA]
Ill. Inpran ADULTs-
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
Continued
dol
TaBE 6. Datu on teniperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(6) NAVAHO—Continued
FEMALE
[Zn good health]
ord Time of the day. Man Pulse. | TFiOae Remarks.
no. lingua.) |
| | — rs
Bib UO aeaniseeal ecko tent etek 97.3 62| 20
OPT WUE headless Se Shoe Se Se boece esac 99.2 70 20
GS} hey beads Seah omceee Sa aareeeooS 99.0 (82) 20
LY fal Ra i 00 Bes a essse ae See ES See 99.4 76 | 20
8) f) 2) 05 18S eo oo Jocdess s55dcousanee 99.2 72 23
Gl fee! Testes oS4os Ross cose ooSur See 99.2 74 22
62h 430i a Ms oS o3 sso see ee sees 98.5 75 20
(3a ESO: an 0 ee ee ee ea 98.7 78 16
(oo ree Go sae ee gh eee ec teke- 99.0 76 16
G5y | Sip Mises Silene oats peace as ates 99.1 72 22
Nie | alee Ostia ease ete oS sicicicte oe ro arsine 98.7 72 18
023 | alike Dp eu i\e een poceeeeneaee see 99.0 75 20
18) \s5086 CRON a eo ns ee a eC ne 99.2 70 18
MALE ;
[Not in perfectly normal condition]
OG cous desc a OS Een eRe ee Senses haere lee Se sean Health not good.
TI PSOE 00 Fee ee ee a 2 (99.1) (80) | (16); Not fully well.
NOB MOsp eames sehen: ces ates.c (99.3). (78) (20)| Stomach disordered.
a Tf | Smee Omen oe ee eres ss cto (99.4), (74) (18)| Pains in back and stomach.
Daa aL OVERTIME Sos csr 2h ore = ee por eco (99.0) (S80) (20)} Not fully well.
247). 63D LIN )a cae omer ees (99.5) (68) (18); Stomach disordered.
PAF Pi) Oe UNS ee Ae ee (100.1) (70) (18)
COM ere aint see So ce eeie ayo ous bic ns Ae (99.1) (77) (16)| Not fully weli.
4a lee es ese epee eric cine (99.6) (67) (26)| Stomach disordered.
AQ Ponce ea ce teeta beet wisn (100. 2) (72) (19)| Not fully well.
Ral Olasan at es See tg es (99. 4) (72) (21)| Stomach disordered.
FEMALE
[Not in perfectly normal condition]
ARIES iS Ta eee ee rere (99.5) (92) 48)
Gia MO di ono 00 Wee eee oe eee 99.1 82 21 | Health good (pregnant).
aR AC ON te Sete aris cEreceaeee Se (99.4) (82) (24)| Menses.
OS a leeaD eles Sees eee ae eee ee (100.3) (86) (16) |
GOT Sip ets ss zeae oo eae (99.6) (76) (19)| Stomach disordered.
CY Wey) 04 dl app era io Sape Sob asesooee (99.5) (79) (19)
(Oo)0| feed O50 od Ras eetcoccaoecc saaecEere (99.8) (88) (22)
aug BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
III. Inpran ApuLTs—Continued
TaBLeE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and res pvration—Continued
(c) PUEBLOS
MALE
[In good health]
Rec- . : eee Respi-
ate Time of the day “(sub Pulse. OTe Remarks.
P lingua.)
Dia | RS taieal a =csee pee eee epee ace 99.0 56 15
IO lal eal oe satan aon se oocscossc 97.9 57 17
TAB lice UE 10 ee oe re Sere 98.7 56 17
ASa| etd Day ecm cement 98.7 56 18
145 | Ola SES. oe teen eet | 98.8 59 15
5g) Hl Ola. Wwe ase cme eee * 98.4 57 18
USE PASO eps Tso eee eset e tse eeeaer 98.6 50 16
NGG PSbat ars ye oe epee eerie leit 98.5 60 16
PAC Wala inn Wan eee Sena eects soos 99-1 59 17
SH alin Sta alee Aa rcicraseceriase sitet 97.1 51 12 | Ilad breakfasted; cause?
CVO a an eee eee eee ceaconee 98.9 62 16
8m PLOSO ta aspera ore ete esaerne te aye 98.7 68 16
AZ ADDY soca ceric eben oe ease 98.9 57 16
AG (sei eIMbs 3, So Rice ce Stee ee ae 98.5 58 16 ;
AT | TOO (Ais ors oafarereinow ns sesiane eee 99.1 60 16
40) 4s 050 1 he ARSE Sas SRonae 98.7 66 16
FEMALE
[In good health}
(CO MVAE Ne tee ee ooh oaSaaes ae otoes 98.8 56 16
87-880 Vas Mines. ysoasee = ye Sacer 98.6 58 15
89) | Olas An ssc eee ea emer 98.8 57 17
|
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
Il. Inpran ApuLTs—Continued
TABLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(ec) PUEBLOS—Continued
MALE
[Not in perfectly normal condition]
Remarks.
Headache.
| Stomach somewhat disordered.
do.
| A slight lumbago.
Headache.
Stomach and eyes out of order.
Slight disorder of stomach.
Not fully well.
| Left eye sore; tongue slightly coated.
Stomach somewhat disordered.
Tongue coated.
Stomach disturbed.
Not fully well.
Stomach somewhat disordered.
Not well.
do.
Stomach disordered.
Tongue coated.
Stomach deranged.
do.
do.
| Not fully well.
Not fully well (umbago).
Tongue coated.
Tongue slightly coated.
Not fully well.
Tongue coated.
do.
Tongue slightly coated.
Not well.
| Tongue slightly coated.
| Tem- | |
Time of the day. | CELT | Pulse. | Reso |
lingua). |
FERNY) 0s 13 01 ops Es Rl eT ae 99.7 | 60 16
LP aymuseatecaas see wee oe eee 99.6 | 64 | 20
LBS ees ne ree ces 99.2| 46 20
TURE es rive yse eect ph ee aA 99.2 | 54 | 16
LD GD ye tees RE Wil we 99.4] 60 17
LZELOND ete eeee ese eee cto 99.6 | 54 14
Upper ements Mate te oe 14s 99.2 Ea ecaleg
TANGY) O58 00 ao eb eo Aes eee 99.9 60 16
3H Oy. 6 ste eae eee re ee 99.4 | 44 16
1 O90 09 aS Se sre aoe 99.0 60 19
De ABMs eee ee te ee 99.5 | 62 17
CN eal ar I eee A Rade 99.6 70 | 15 |
LESO ae aw ees oe ee ss 99.2 66 | 14
PAO Salerno ery J ews 99.2 59 | 20
ii KASEI? heer See ee 100.0 58 | 22
DG ayn ee nae eee eee 100.1 70 | 18
DOOD Peer st Nee cee ene 99.6 74 18
QRAQ en Tets 5oe) ee ee 99.7 54 15
NOM Oasis sc es ae aeeoe to 99.3 58 18
ls G5 a0 el ee es ee 99.8 | 65 | 18 |
HELP Sekar 3. San Se G07 |= 8 268; pemeon
PEBONPE DIS sone ee se esses = 99.5 68 | 14
PAROS 7 001 eee tee hats ois EES 99.3 | 62 16
aati taney Aun eae 99.0/ 52]| 15
BEIGE) siete eee eed eee ee 98.9 | 54 | 17
Sabi Opals Meseeer meer sane (99.6) (76)| (26)
7 060 0 0 eS eee e Sor | 99.5 | 59 | 16
BM Tile see eee een are 2 99.2 65 | 16
9:30 aly Ml =). (taco seeeee eee 99.0 63 | 14
ig ar eae eae or Oe wh 100.2 66| 24
PAL byp: Tice hac eee anaes 99.2 SOMA 1G
6albip: Mies. . SSeS een ees 99.4 76 19
1D TS). eA See es 99.7 66 14
ISAS ph hee 99.4 62| 18
Not fully well.
Tongue coated.
Tongue somewhat coated.
3452— Bull. 34—08
23
304
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[ BULL. 34
III. Inpran ApuLttTs—Continued
TABLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(c) PUEBLOS—Continued
FEMALE
[Not in perfectly normal condition}
Tem-
Time of the day. | iat Pulse. Reet | Remarks.
| lingua).
ONS faa ee es eae (99.2) (76) (22)| Not fully well.
B-Ab aeame o ois eec ecto ce cere 99.4 64 17 | Tongue coated.
OV ALAM Fons eae naam er ciore 99.6 66 | 20 | Stomach somewhat disordered.
DNs TS ane soe oie ye 99.6 68 | 24 Bowels not in order.
SUSE Se eee is sosclee see eee (99.0) (84) | (16)) Pains in left shoulder.
Sil Sai PIN Sate yas a ee eee 99.8 59 22 | Stomach disordered.
LOSSOMuneriie coe er Ay os ee eer 99.9 68 20 | Not fully well.
GSN ase ee ee ee a aes 99.2 68 | 19 | do.
PPI ese te vee bere eer 99.1 56 | 18 | Tongue slightly coated.
2°30 iP se sexe Aces aoe ea PES 99.5 60 | 16 | Tongue somewhat coated.
Aspe ee ate ee ee eee 99.5 64 22 | do.
Tiel. MNS Sey yore ace se ese 99.0 80. 17 | Not fully well.
Af 0 \ 60a et ae ere see 99.6 56 19 do.
Sup Hi a ee eee need Ease 99.5 76 | 19 | Not well.
Baye oes alae a Rene Re aes Re ee 99.8 72 16 Tongue coated; pregnant.
Ghoil) | batiesap scecse beasts sesce 100.2 | 640 22 | Not well.
ONAN a2 tee Meise career eee | 100.2 | 71 18 do.
PETC Ss areas eerie AF, eee 99.2 | 54 18 | Probably uterine disorder.
(fe GY: ia 1 ee ee acre ee ete et 99.2. 56 17 | Tongue slightly coated.
SOO TA se eee ya ere | 99.9 | 63 19 Stomach disordered.
UL O fee aTI Ore we ep tee ero eae 99.4 | 84 22 do.
1G UE gto 0 eee ree ts Se ae 99.1 | 68 23. Probably uterine disorder.
S250; e tinea te a eee Seen aa 100.4 | 72 20 | Not well.
Ape Tes Aes: Seek aerate 99.2 78 20 | Not fully well.
Hip RIN ht ate amas tee foe 99.8 84 | 22 do.
MeG0 BAM a 5 foe cee eee 100.0 66 21 | do.
ODS Ftc e Leer eee eee 99.5 68 15 | Stomach disordered.
2) 050 10 a eee eee 99.0 | 58 16 | Tongue slightly coated.
6 pas. Ales hee ee the cate 99.6 68 15 Not fully well.
GV 5up sae eae sce a ee ee 99.8 67 22 | do.
Bias Wer cymes eas eee eee ee 99.1 62 20 | Tongue slightly coated.
Oras See ee ee eee oes 99.2 | 56 15 Tongue yellowish.
LOWS Qa ssa oath ees sees 99.1 68 17 | Tongue slightly coated.
. ‘
HRDLICK A] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 355
III. Inpran ApDuLTs—Continued
TABLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(d) HOPI
MALE
[In good health]
JES . Sens | Respi-
ard Time of the day. “(sub Pulse. | erin Remarks,
| lingua)
Dede OF eT pernete Sercistere Seat iam ee l= | 97.6 56 20
Dull UlesO eis AUN = sree ices aisle steve sts, = sha'ss 98.9 70 (22)
tty pe 0)55 00 ee Re eee mace career 98.8 61 18 |
aR Aisc e 98.0 57 18 |
UU (COD ee adler eeee 99.4 64 18 | Eyes sore.
LOR ae (6 Ko elie ee rest Stee 98.6 73 16
13 | CU Ct 0 a ae ec oy Sy eS | 98.7 55 | 17
WOW | PB ied seein cke ecco sccle cares 96.9 52 16 No breakfast.
UGWS:30) Ge Wye yre seca eal nec na 99.3 54 17 | Had breakfasted.
17 | Gi geMs hs sabre le ecu ej Se5 eee +
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
Ill. Inpran ADuLTS—Continued
361
TABLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(g) PIMA
MALE
[In good health]
|
Tem-
ord Time of the day. | Sit Pulse. | eee Remarks.
lingua). |
Pel SEBO) Mela =.<,2.00e seen Sees 99. 4 66 | 19
S| EEE et a a97.4— 66 16 |
ON UND CaM Sets Ses sess sek wo icre 99.2 48 | 20
Guatisp acs) ato oes. 99.1 66 18 |
ORO CONDE TDs Sates io eie 2 Seem Sais 98.9 63 21 |
LO RSet ON) «eM elapse ic ce eee ws ofan 97.3 | 66 | 17
LIM Reto Tene eae ee ee eee | 98. 8 64 | (22)
RS he rr augue). (66) = oly
eNOS Gare eee ee zs 98.3 | 60. 16
GAL Olsen Ss oe i ie ee 98.3 | 70 | 16 |
MRM TRS Oa reat Selec ve et 198.0 63+ 20 |
Datla ern ema snare Se Me | 98.3 66 18 |
OUND ona etm a ee. oe ees See © 98.0 60 20
DSWKOMS oie aoa Ae poet 22 [st 08.8; 900 9 28 19 |
Pa8)) | SIDS ON a ee ee eee eres 98. 3 | 69 18 |
CIN) (alg es eee Oe | 98.9 66 16
SOMBIE NDOT sia tt hen had aca! | 98. 4 68 | 16
Gio | Gi eee ee ee | 98.7 67 21
Sh) || 2x66) tle BS ocesceaptepcoase aoe 98.7 | 58 18
AQUI POND SIMs eas, sss sarsieeslere asin eeos 98.1 56 | 16
75 Sie AES ee 99:3) . 60)| “18i|
co Dis a eee | 98.8 63 | 20
BORMG ie erro bo Sean es Lo kaee 989 60| 18
On ele pea A oe i eee | 97.5 54 18 | Before lunch.
aA =.
FEMALE
[In good health
| | | ae
GON POA ba. nls oo) ee ee ene 98.9 72 19 |
ee tg Oe eel d nd ro peta | 995 70 16 |
TOR Ee eer an ao ae l= © 199.3 68 18
age G SO as 1's <8 eae ae b= | 99.4 60 17
a8 minutes.
+6 minutes.
c7 minutes.
362 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY ‘ [BULL. 34
Il]. Inpran ApuLTs—Continued
TaBE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(g) PIMA—Continued
MALE
[Not in perfectly normal condition)
Tem-
ord Time of the day. | ae Pulse. eee Remarks.
aks lingua).
AG 2a ee ee 99. 6 75 18 | Tongue somewhat coated.
Te lBIESO np ters as ee ee eee 99.9 48 22 | Not fully well.
8 | V4 6 PEW Ss ectecctes cencle ere 99. 6 68 | 17 | Tongue quite coated at base.
14 O30 La oe ee eee eee 99.1 66 | 18 | Stomach stightly disordered.
NG) Cpe ins Tite oes" cee ey Ee eee 98.9 | 70 | 19 | Tongue somewhat yellowish at base.
Er ila oerT Gan Meee ee ee 99.9 68 27 | Not fully well. :
19 | AAS DON Mtees see sss See | 99. 5 | 80 20 | Not fully normal.
20 | PAGS 050 00 enya Aegean | 99. 4 | 52 | 22 | Some pains over the liver.
21 | NYO SLI fe oe a ae aieyarale ee etcley- tee | 99. 5 | 68 | 20 | Says he is well; tongue clean.
DDO S16 Up oul sre alerts oi aac me eee 100. 2 68 20 | Stomach somewhat disordered.
pa Ya | ee OF Olen ee ae So ate Bs 100.0 72 17 | Tongue slightly coated.
24 | AU4OND sl fe eee eerste 100. 4 66 20. Sore throat.
26 | oe St: oan 00 A ee eee ae 98. 5 y 5 | 14. Some lameness of right lower limb.
O18 LGD eee ne eee sorte aielee nee oe 100. 7 | 74 | 18 Possibly malaria.
Som CARA OND CMI ectemetcn ae see eee | 99. 4 70 23 | Has cold.
SACU Sap IN ees seein es ey eee are 98.9 | 69 19 | Some articular rheumatism.
Hie HS yo ka} O eyo 60 ea oe ei me eee | 99. 6 54 | 20 Stomach somewhat disordered.
ST Fellnsy STOR ov on ey aeets Bee oer ae | 99.7 72 | 22, Pains in back.
Aiba e740 Nas We ese Sale ae See eae ose | 97.6 50 16 | Had not enough sleep.
MSU IQ aan d wt SON Ase Sse ees | 100.4 87-22.) Pains in the chest.
AAS ASO la SIM sees a cee esete ay cme sis | 99. 5 | 74 | 17 | Stomach somewhat disordered.
AG IsIO In Peat Seton eno Se) 100s 72 21 Stomach disordered.
Cv feella leah cos See SoA ee ICE ORES 99. 4 60 19 | Tongue somewhat coated.
7.035 1749 Os 00 bea el eR ee teh AES Se 99.5 66 25 | do.
SUG | Os Srals maces eeioes cise eetorseisiet= OOM: 68 | 19 | Tongue yellowish-white.
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS ° 363
U1. Inptan Abdutrs—Continued
TABLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(g) PIMA—Continued
FEMALE
[Not in perfectly normal condition]
| Tem-
‘ord Time of the day. | S eany, Pulse. Bean Remarks.
ch | lingua). |
cola LOL e Sie nines eye yee ea be “97.6 75 | 22 | Tongue whitish.
SAN ULAL OAT aso. tr bios esha ne 99.6 | 84 16 | Not fully well; probably stomach.
Dot | Med oN Peple sense seco. oe ES 100.8 | 80 20 | Stomach disordered; rheumatism.
Dae ALO Oo aed a,c 52 =e ees ors se 100. 4 64 21. Not well; probably ovary.
OP AME Nee EM os ets rece ahs aeilaiccae LaiSats 99. 5 | 82 23) Tongue somewhat coated.
Lat | UD) ira ee ee eee Se 99. 4 | 78 | 29° Pain in chest.
GED a 10 MENU AR aces ard ete lcrae ote alas 99. 6 | SO 24 | ‘Chest sick.”’
GAM lelinip grit = fesse ete ss: 99.9 | 76 .24 | Tongue somewhat coated.
(aH5) if) Wl el) Ode en ee ee 100.2 78 | 28 Stomach disordered; probably rheu-
| | | | matism in hand.
66 | NG Gh 05504 (lee ee ee nee cer ene 99.9 78 20 | Not fully well.
(Vial Sk3i0) OF foal eas 4 ae eee ee ee | 70 (?) Stomach disordered.
BSE esta oipenMe santana tees ase ees 99.8 74 21 | Tongue somewhat coated.
CAUCE TUE? EET 01 0) eee eee 99. 2 J ge | me Cough.
| 72 | 18 |
12 AG setae Ee ee eens geo 99. 2 88 | 19 | Stomach disordered.
Faull a. IM: Sata eslescette estes 100. 4 70 20 | Probably not fully well.
ZEON “GSE an elo eae posse ae nas aes 100.2 | 74 | 18 | Tongue clean.
Homme SO Me Meneaac sss cb. sees 99. 0 | 72 | 25 | ‘* Never fully well;’’ stomach.
OG) || du oh oe pene sBage pesos 100.6 | 78 23 | Tongue somewhat coated.
=a} TS" pee | 100.5 90 22 | Not well.
Onlin epEMinroe eae Fore oe ee = rs 99. 4 70 19 | Tongue somewhat coated.
SUR Re SO ley RINT sapere otearera tl af ho 100. 2 80 24 | Not fully well; rheumatism.
(h) MARICOPA
MALE
{ [In good health]
;
Th Sipe et oa ee) Gekaiine. 72 17 |
LOM OS Syajumery Soe. ert eae eee 98.8 70 16
fi ORO la arn oo en 97.2 | 7 56] ° 14]
Meo eiG pM". - s5.28: 8 Reel ee 98.4 60u) uz |
AS} AUR UC) 300 eee ae ae Seen eae 98.8 66 14 |
DAM al OA 5raitOls = =e eee See or 98. 2 66 16
SONA SO arms | is eS a ee | 99.2 | 70 16
EL) C0) se ee ete ae ve 9:01 66 16
OO al eLO SO) asain yee eee ee oe altace io 98.8 | 62 18
40 simile samc ee eats eee 98.6 | 63 16
FEMALE
{In good health]
| | | |
COM RUA Siar see eens Se | 98.7 i a Il 18
| 76 ||
UA MISLOWp Me ae eeeee sees oe 98. 5 | ea 18
SOS PLO! a ae. Sess See 98. 3 72 | 14
a7 minutes.
364 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ROLD. 34
LI. Inpran ApuLtTs—Continued
TABLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(h) MARICOPA—Continued
MALE
[ Not in perfectly normal condition]
Rec- ‘ Prevage Respi- ;
ore Time of the day. “(sub Pulse. ration. Remarks.
ee lingua). | |
2 LAS pam eiaeere ac oes a eteecee 99. 4 66 26 | Tongue whitish.
¢ liec SIG O08 ora SR oneaeopeSroahos 99.8 75 | 19 | Stomach disordered.
6)|\t4.30\ prime =e hem cen ote ae eee 99.1 | 69 18 | Some pain in the chest.
8° | SlOla aM. = Se se ko Gias ose gees 98. 4 74 20 | Tongue slightly coated.
OS LO fs. Mien oe Posecoe eae eee 99.8 | 72 14 | Not fully well.
AD AAS ey eM saa /o sos eros ele elateetee 99. 1 70 | 16 Tongue somewhat coated.
133 | SID. Meas cytes oosamec sees 99.2 | 78 | 24 | Some rheumatism.
1 GO HGS oe 1 eee nase atc 97.9 63 21 | Had no lunch.
15 uleo 25 Does saeco. ae eee 99. 4 74 22 | Not fuily well.
1G S| S*p UM eee era ace oes ae 99. 5 68 | 16 do.
AGA Arabi, Miele Seale ente Se eee 99. 4 60 18 | Tongue very slightly furred.
21) | Gosloyps Meer eee nectar eee 99. 6 74 14 | Not fully well.
DP Oem se 2 wea ead we ee: | 9.2 78! 17! Tongue slightly coated.
26) | 30 awa. Gee eee 99°51) O76 15 do.
Bal) WPASIY | o5 Nae oe ec aae SEES 99. 0 | 66 17 do.
285 | eLiD Me 2 one. .sesccescecees Sass | 99.1 | 58 21 | Tongue heavily coated.
29) 1-40 paamicn ee eee ee SAE ee toe 99.6 | 58 15 | Tongue somewhat coated.
SO! P21 Sip edls aoe, ees waco eee 99.6 | 66 18 | Tongue slightly coated.
Chad ie Co, eee Cone eee eared 99.3] 66 20 | Stomach slightly disordered.
FEMALE
[Not in perfectly normal condition]
BYTE ESOS teri eee De ereenoode 99.5 74 21 | Stomach disordered.
B2i PQs Meee ests Se ee eee eee 99.6 64 18 | Tongue slightly coated
A VSuDs Ml s.* oe os soe eee 99. 4 71 | 24 | Not fully well.
55 koe OOsD eles oats seen eee 100. 2 68 | 20 | Stomach disordered.
565]; o.40) Pee hoo os Sete cee a 99.8 66) 15 | Tongue somewhat coated.
57 {i eT een re Te eae | : ee? ee ¥ le romuen somewhat disordered.
LONE i Min nee ne oe ee eal a < 66 19 ||
OO ai Ol We Sock oe oe shee get es cist $9.9 72 19 | Tongue somewhat coated. -
GOr |e sess Sen es bo owe onee eee leeodte soslleeee each terete Not fully normal.
GLY) | SLO SO leva eee tetra Stes stores 96.4 60 16 | Apparently well.
62 Alcan fee Wes ene See ee 99.3 80 14 | Tongue slightly furred.
Citsya| [aa I 040 00 We ees tae ae 98.8 76 20 | Pain in the chest.
(AUN Let) Ua obo Eee Oe conse aeisoece 99. 6 80 14 | Tongue coated.
MOAN CS yp Ue. cea lace ese a teres | 99.5 80 18 do.
13: posLO. Dede cee. = ee ceeescemiese | 99.8 7 18 do.
MOU|4Po Mie concsc cao cone ee eecee 99.8 76 17 | Tongue somewhat coated.
oT Na BS ob 00 ene es ec pe 99.5 74 21 | Tongue slightly whitish.
HRDLICK A]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
III. Inpran Apdutts—Continued
365
TABLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
3 b]
(i) MOHAVE
MALE
[In good health]
Rec Tem- | ;
ord Time of the day. | Seas | Pulse. cette Remarks.
Noe | lingua). | |
SLO Als WO = 5 taste ela si 98.2 58 | 16
Dio Bsa oie. We Nate sere Se eee ee 698.3 64 22
OB RONG tie TN yeoe soee sees see e | 98.6 | 56 15
|
2a} 1p.m
Had breakfasted.
do.
FEMALE
[In good health]
sre re ete cee nn) a. 66 15
a8 minutes,
+6 minutes,
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
Ill. Inpran ApuLts—Continued
TABLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(J) YUMA—Continued
MALE
[ Not in perfectly normal condition]
Rac Tem- ey
on Time of the day. Pee Pulse. arian Remarks.
p | lingua).
f 76
il Ds 100) se ptnabe “ea SeoaeSBeean 98.8 | 79 19 | Tongue clean.
SalbGalolae tien. fees sk ea 8: sco. | 496.6 60 17 | Tongue clean (had breakfasted).
(5), |/$O)2OIE YS fon ee rae seer ae aes 98.6 72 21 | Tongue slightly coated.
iO) | 2270 0a Sees SE Bea are ae ees 99. 4 7 20 | Probably incipient tuberculosis.
Te ie )a COLES Si ee ee eee | 100. 4 72 19 | Not fully normal.
al Nog Daplitin tom .2 pee eetarts -ore a els wisn a | 99.5 68 18 | Tongue clean.
ae | POsQoranlttls meter ele fr os, sorcye, ost es | 99. 1 72 16 | Stomach somewhat disordered.
1G). |) aU le 0 eee oe aeaer ee | 99. 2 63 14 | Tongue slightly coated.
2.0) || Sop ee Sas Sooneoshoos essa 99.3 72 15 | Normal after exercise.
DOM SrA O Mn) SLL meat iyo = ei srotayts Sate | 99. 2 76 18 | Not fully well.
253,20 Vitel ee Saag sano oade Soaaeees | 99.0 63 20 | Tongue coated.
DOR IES OO at Wes eae. sees oe | 097.4 72 17 do,
Bate il ea 0 ee ea eee | 99. 2 72 20 | Headache.
Aconeelyed loi oe = = ae
FEMALE
Not in perfectly normal condition
Not in perfectly l 1
ba nee | OP 11 ele a er ee a | 99.9 76 16 | Tongue somewhat coated.
— — — _ _ — | —— — ——— - —_ — — —
(k) YAQUI
MALE
[In good health]
IHRE yc Pe et a ee essClOOE)" = 72\)| 15:
Di acigancaihs eer. eee ere 99.9 72/ 20
Of POs Pe Ws 2 chars o caeisem eave cietsrosts ele (101. 3)) 72 | 18
Jaleo L SOND SIs acs2 sos eels aoe 99. 6 72 | 20 |
SLAG Gh onsgeRe ea Aanee aes Dee oe 99. 8 ot) 153}
TS 8-30) a)-10! Scorn one sere | 98. 3 57 | 15 |
WS OSSO lB. MW. 2 2:22 ast see aoe store ste 98.9 | 62 | 18 |
| |
MALE
[Not in perfectly normal condition]
(Sih Pasi is oS WE ean oe see bor Seacceae 100. 5 80 15 |} Tongue clean; probably some drink.
Quip Gap MMe. ot eee ecco eee ee 100. 2 68 20 | Tongue whitish.
LO) MGSNS spe We Avs: ornta nee eeee ease. 100. 6 75 20 do.
AGH ONG ale NE Se messi erste sare 99. 2 68 19 | Tongue slightly whitish.
SI )5) UL Ge: ah oo ee erie eee es) eal 99. 4 72 15 | Tongue somewhat coated.
a7 minutes.
b6 minutes.
7
[BULL. 34
368 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
III. Inpran ApuLts—Continued
TABLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(1) TARAHUMARE
MALE
[In good health]
Rec- : Bee Respi- |
ord Time of the day. (sub Pulse. a SGV. | Remarks.
: | lingua). |
| ers |
OW otrsSteretoend weolcteclee sre coiiele desea ce 98. 6 65 17
2) | Garajefersiaes ev so erac Da Sesto eset 97.3 66 | 19
Sneak soe eee ae One nd eona ee 98. 0 68 22 |
eile ne act Raa eee ae | 98. 2 64 18 |
Gi Aa icescettew bene pee ae amerione | 97. 4 66 | 15) Several days after a ‘‘frio;’’ well and
rested when examined.
WU Natemvers sees cee selec ce sb eeean secs 97.6 66 18
Sil lists amie setae Sele se aia \e i Astoeeiciese Ne 96. 2 | 68 18 Two tests of temperature; same re-
| sults. Cause?
1s SP ee sere Semen eee ANN O7 Di lee uvSilvs= 218 |
OR he eaters Bom Ai Nate 5 | 99.1 64 22
VAG Nee bier SNe Nee te eae mars 98.4| 60] (24)
DARE Re eS sees es Nase Se eee 99. 0 64 | 17
TBS eer cee ena, en ee Sot eaten 99.2 66| 22
V1 Ds up eR, Spe SU Rs | le 99.1 58 | 18
1 eee mses Sen tore See See 99. 0 62 | 22
17 | Be yt eee ai a oem 98.8] 66 19
1G ease mscye ns he Ree A aes tau as (@yaruell 66 19 |
20K) lOve sins 55 ee ae ae eee Serer 97.8 | 54 15 | 15 minutes rest after a dance; no drink,
DUT cess eae Be ee ck OB25. | 162) ali
Dg ges Apne ind 1k metinre SeetN 98.4| 68 19
| 1
FEMALE
[Zn good health]
=o 2 eas : Ast SE ee =
O Veiccwiccente sos re ceee eases adees 97.7 78 | 19 Slightly nervous during the tests.
[0 Nae eer IS Sete Rete A eee eee 98. 6 78 19 do.
Gill a ace Se uence Nae One G86) 40) 2201) peado:
CF ee ee re RECN 99.0 | 64| (22)! do.
Bile note wears ealt eee eee 98.9] ~ 78 16 do.
Til ee eh ee eR na Ee 99.3} 70 18 do.
aloe eS ee eee here te 99. 4 70 19 do.
| ena ee nea ee a les
MALE
i [Not in perfectly normal condition]
4 | A eda et: Sete pet OT (100. ml 62| (24)| Not fully well.
Hectic = a hace, ee | 9.6), (68), @8))— do.
dBase ences eens keeps te ee oe | (99.4)} (?) | (22) do.
jo | eee aa
FEMALE
[Not in perfectly normal condition]
| Ta)
Gy Se che ceeeee eee ence eee ee ie (G8) (76) | (24)| Not fully well.
5 ee Se en ae ETE ae nn yeaa iba | (99. 8) (78)| (20), Some headache, and pains in body.
j ee ee eRe fo iL (98. 1)) (21)) Headache.
(88) |
HRDLICK A]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 369
III. Inp1ian Aputts—Continued
TABLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(m) HUICHOL
MALE
[In good health]
Tem-
ord Time of the day. Crean! | Pulse. Roepe Remarks.
lingua.)
POND RAINS ae Bare ent ae mo om. x: t.ere 98. 1 58 19 |
OUIMLOMIN eet o gee cls teats a c.ciye Se cic se 98. 2 56 16
Cesease GOR ca ee eens 98. 5 (2) 16
1 NOES ec eae had ba 07.8 74 16
Wee || BRS Ob a dl gies ae a ee 98. 5 72 (23)| 14 hours after a walk of several miles.
TG |) GS Teiaalns see ae eee Seem | 98. 9 68 22 | At rest.
NGMIBOR RE ee ese ck a eee ea 97.6 66 17 | Fully at rest; had breakfasted.
(al eee LOR e ese eR ee a 98. 0 66 18 | After a walk of about a mile; at rest.
Oe RIOT Meee eee Ul | 98. 0 68 20 | Lhour after a walk of about a mile; at
rest.
743) | SPAS 00 eee eg a eee 98. 3 67 22 | At rest.
aye) CU OS 08 ae ee Se eae 97.7 54 16 | Before dinner, normal; at rest.
Dials GOS aterteae cece Bese 98. 6 66 20 | Normal; at rest.
YA! (OSI aren ee a ee ees ee eee 97.1 56 15 | At rest after a walk, normal; had a
little breakfast.
SLO | NB) Fp 0 rae ae ae 96. 6 58 16 | At rest.
STic||- Si UROCt SAS eR See ee he ae 98.8 72 20 | do.
< (0) 1) B00 ee i enon ee 98. 8 66 19 do.
AN MRD RI ces = yeacis ee news 2 98. 6 62 18 | do.
}
FEMALE
[In good health]
Ws le Bee ae eae aera 98.8 76 | 22 |
eM ert tere Sa comatose tee c iene - 98. 5 62 18
1)" SU te 0 leper Ne are Rae 98. 3 64 22 | At rest.
DOM Bese 7a ea ek Sees es 98.8 74 16 | do.
SAY US Onn 01 oe ee Re wre Ry 98. 8 68 | 22 | Fully at rest and normal.
28) 2) DoT o sam ot steer eas oe aos as | 98. 5 66 17 | At rest.
oA) es Fay 0 ey a ee mace eye eae eat ened (99. 8) 68 (23)| At rest after a walk.
SL i 00 «lees pee eet en mA Ra 98. 6 68 20 | At rest.
ese (PS ieee IRS caste ae ne See | 98. 4 64 Lisl =.dor
345 BO ras sea ear Sane te eee: | 99.3 66 20 | do.
Chyal eeaee OO mee AE ieee oo aes 98. 5 (84) 18 | do.
SOM ELO Tae ea See ea eae AO R= Ok | 99. 3 (82) 22 do.
MALE
[ Not in perfectly normal condition]
bn | BASS Wleenaa eee oer eccie 99. 6 68 19 | Some headache.
4) lO aeymes ane aeee ee emo ciee © 2 98. 6 78 22 | Immediately after a meal.
TOW EAS D Saine =e eee eee aes 98. 5 | (88) (22); Not fully well.
EG) Ro) hen een aaa Cope 99. 2 82 23 | 1 hour after a walk of several miles.
SDS Wee awe apaoeceScoecseeee (99. 3) (94) (21)| Drank some sotol.
OOM DRT he ee eee es | 98. 3 | 76 16 | At rest after a walk.
3452—Bull, 34—08——24
370
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[BULL. 34
Ill. Inp1an Aputtrs—Continued
TABLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
(m) HUICHOL—Continued
FEMALE
[Not in perfectly normal condition]
Tem- |
Ree- é
ord Time of the day. Pee Pulse. re Remarks.
2 lingua).
By 12 Iker en sae Moet eteeee sae sere la (99. 2) (82) (22)| Not fully well.
Oa pPan ao eaesesececse see eeetee 98. 9 (90) (20)| Some headache.
ND LO VaR aM se. oe tat ceee cee Set etme. (98. 4) (90) (24)| Not fully well.
20 pblvarernlos ote ae osha se acces 98. 7 88 19 | At rest. Cause of pulse?
23) LDA sora cerecicec cist ences teeert 98. 8 (90) 18 | At rest; slight cough.
98) | (Olas Was Face secs eae eels 98.9 | 84 22 | At rest; had a little sotol in morning,
about an hour before.
ASO aaites sss, ta heys cosas eee (100. 0) (86) (20)| Some malaria or stomach trouble.
(n) OTOMI
MALE
[In good health]
| | |
6) | TRIG es oie es earn eee 5 aesouc | (?) | 62 16
Alessia anise cs ce | 98.9 58 18 *
17/)| P2ea TOS lon Sansa Asooosdeone | (?) 62 18
STO iGi one haeae es Sar onee Apaar SAaer | (2) 70 16
MALE
[Not in perfectly normal condition]
Walia Wy iis s0tls 5 5 sag cbosaeseac os 98.7 | 72 | 20 | Tongue somewhat coated.
| 72
Fa nocpeerne ee teehee roe 99.6] 72) 22 do.
ell PH TOR ROS Goa eo nbOd Sosceaeense (?) 68 | 17 | Tongue slightly coated.
Ofte MAU a inleege sare aaeancose acs (?) 66 18 do.
a eke Oral menses odadquossdeecs (?) 66 16 do.
: (0) TARASCO
MALE
{In good health]
4:30 Psiso e-seee ec seeeeeae ne aieee eines aes 60 20
(elhteks OC BG ne Sees tae see ca saaanl ae can Sear 52 If
135 LOMO Ase. oc ceeretecete ome leceoae ce os 58 13
14 aI 2 Sod are cio ee wtoste eerie Ss] Sate ate 60 18
PAU) le oe 0 1 Sa Oreemcee- ae Beas se Be See ciat 60 18
240 62 2OMP SWe em watele oie oR Steel a's o/aiei=l=lete 60 16
oY ESOL) oysalS & moe deseesa meee silos bebbonce 58 15
S94 | 1020 fame Ree eh eerek eres ece see 62 19
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 371
Ill. Inpian ApduLtts—Continued
TABLE 6. Data on temperature, pulse, and respiration—Continued
b )
(0) TARASCO—Continued
FEMALE
[In good health]
an . | Tem- |
ord | Time of the day. De iaibs pr ulben | cee ReTianen:
Es lingua).
Ab eSeloraennceere ct 3 sata [EXER oar a oe 60 | 20
Bi [| UMS Jo) Sen Sey eee eRe ete are (ee eee 68 16
Eo /G £00 sgh ee ee ied 16
MALE
{Not in perfectly normal condition]
Reale OPevenlhe 2pneine ore = oetalerniiee Cfo 3) ane eta = 60 | 18 Tongue slightly coated.
TAY} PAPG aSe ea e can oe eeee e eee 48 | 14 do.
CAD || 83510) an cO Ue ee —S5u0-\) © 240i a ere eer 45| 47.5 | 47.0] 27.0
Da a aetna Oe D5 | 15220 (2, 4BG: | *AsOulle Bae sasmeenes eee 45| 37.5| 345] 25.0
Deane eee ete 20's 5845. | 52s0q\" 35M ldpeeee. Lees euemees 45} 41.0/ 43.0] 22.0
oe harem OTs AGO. |'« -30-0:) ) 20s0aI025 et ee ee 50| 285| 33.0] 185
Ste ea ae 58515 AGO Cl Sabi onl 330 Os 407. eee ane ae 45| 48.0] 46.5| 26.0
2) ene eee 30°] 4225 | aQs0" DBeONICSOt: serene we tes 45| 30.5| 32.5| 22.0
BSE ea tae ws D4. S515 | 512034) 03S: Oui Aline weremees ater 50| 35.5| 31.5] 22.5
Yaa ee a ad O85|) 4500! ASNO sual tat ll MAAN ee een ences 50| 340] 29.5] 240
Et lida ene 96.1 9735 lt 33 01h 25, ONeab nee lee ee ee 50| 240] 285] 17.0
ir aeenec nt Sohal aie a 5), beab bel 7 aT e@al SIMONI tarace eee seen 45| 445] 45.0] 32.0
DN pia, oa 30| 45.0} 42.0] 33.0 -
i ee So 26| 40.5.1 43.0] 26.0 Average......)...... 58.1 | 38.0) 24.2
AG eee OE 28 51.5| 49.5 30.0 Minimum. .2 4)... - =. 25.0 24.0 28.5
Tite et gree OE AG 24] 46.0 49.5 30.5 Ma xamtrme ss 5| seneer 48. 0 47.0 32.0
AG ten tre Ea 23| 480] 42.0] 32.0
as ae re 27| 47.0] 440] 31.5
Age: 50 to 60 years
AVOTALC! ces eeeciee 45.8 42.9 29.8
Minimums se. .|s2e2s- 35.0 Bye) 2350))||| a ca
Maximum....|...... 5S: 5olp 52.100) rca OM | G6. sets eae teen 55 | 40.0| 38.0] 285
HRDLICK A] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS B90
III. Inpran ApDuLTs—Continued
TaB_E 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(a) APACHE—Continued
FEMALE
Pressure. | | Pressure.
| eee erale=|| . etl = Trac-
es Riese | Pett | tion. || MRE RO: AES! Right | ‘Lett | tion.
hand. | hand hand. hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years | Age: 30 to 40 years—Continued.
re Bal waaeah mrasee lt canegial Ouse aac ae ee 40| 29.5! 30.0] 18.0
|e eee 26 | ‘ 31. ‘16.
TIES ges sous eae Stee [een toa) Average......|...... 26.9| 26.4| 17.6
is ae Bee enone | Minimum....|...... 17.5] 185] 10.5
60. .-.-22-22--+--5-- 30 | 32.0 28.5 23.0 Maximum: 2 |. 2... 33.5 30.0 25. 0
Rabe eee ee 24| 25.0] 28.51 19:0 ee
(GY (= ae a 28 | 24.0 23.0 20.5 || Age: 40 to 50 years
3G ee 26|- 185] 21.0] 15.0]
COM eee oe. Fz 248) 25.5 | 27.5] 20.5 || 992----- 925... oe 50, 27.0} 23.0) 13.0
Ta Seon eae ee ~ 93 27.5 28.0 DIMOU MO stevstere Serie tee 45 20.5 22.5 23.0
J, Societe 2 eee Ue a (me CNS | nee ee 45| 27.0] 25.5] 19.5
(Shaheen. Piet 24 26.5 22.0 NESOH Pe:5 Seco So sareseasde 45 22.5 21.5 16.0
ROG reso > POS | 25 25.5 23.0 DONO HM losenias Seceises sone 50 23.5 26.0 18.5
—— (2), Se ee 45| 23.0] 21.0] 13.0
ASVCTAPC.. Scjea|o = sci 26.8 25.8 19,6 | a
Minimum....|...... 18.5 21.0 15.0 | AV OTA. SCs... | hose. 23.9 £3. 3 17.2
Maximum....|...... 32.0 32.0 23.0 | Minimum....|...-.. 20. 5 21.0 13.0
Maximum....|...... | 27.0} 26.0] 23.0
Age: 30 to 40 years | Age: 50 to 60 years
l | ar 7
5. SVS See eee TAs. SFL de 8804 en fetal eco eset EU Lt eS aie
328 Ae aa 50] COME Wt ieee ear a Malpensa ee eee
js ae oe anes Sp Mee gab | eeDONOG! S23. Ball to--- carcass a cre Sis Wee alenticaey || eee
TMS SF ion shag bes 40 33.5 29.0 25.0 NN eCiCfBeetee, Seen ae at te 60 19.5 17.5 16.5
ee ee Sb) ERS ea Average......|.....- 17.1| *16.8) 16.6
Those preset a Sas Sill 9 Ea Minimum....|...... 14.0] 12.5] 120
Ee oe Ue on ie eee oD) 8 Oi) Maximum....|...... 19.5} 17.5] 21.0
3
74
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Ill. Inpran Apdutts—Continued
TABLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(b) PUEBLOS
[BULL. 34
MALE
Pressure. Pressure.
Record no. Age.| Right | Left ane Record no. Age. Geienel Sica ie
hand. | hand. | hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 30 to 40 years—Continued.
Loe aneesoe senses ee? iB mie aa 2 Ue ae sb vp tes Sn a 4o| 42.5] 41.0] 265
Be wn oso 2 eo cinn oaln Per Oeste ace al agit ny latent 33| 460] 4401] 266
fee ae eae mel pa 8 24 51.0 50. 0 27.0 at
Ocak ssa cite oes 28 58. 5 54. 0 29. 0 AVClaAge =e kal nace 43. 4 39.1 25.7,
LO esis Seaene ceases 26 48. 0 41.0 30. 0 | Minimuml-=24\>-2222 36.0 | 29.0 20.0
Desc cle sesame ers 30 38. 0 35. 0 18.0 | Maxam Units ca| sete 53.5 | 53.5 30.0
At eee ay 25a enO8e5yl| a ROS Sills Toes a) ees |
1 Bebe cacen Oe et 23| 455] 42.5| 240]
haga oa tee apo? 24] 43.5| 309.5| 28.0]| Age: 40 to 50 years
DIES Sos Boeck ee 30] 825) 32.5) 165] :
7S ies Raia aE 2is| Ad Al eABe || cob ll yaaa nM sdlet Noa | 45) 43.5| 41.0] 22.0
*Y)2 ps bge cas s5ads5ese Bers 2 ORES OOH a iy iO dl eyes Oke emma eee I 25 0)3)\ 42) OF | SON OF eee oan
ClO eee a, ee ere 28 35.0 37.5 21.5 | (ene ee pie ba- wie | 45 31.5 26.5 18.0
OR EELS oar cee 29 44.5 39. 0 ZOHO Qe eee Fo ete | 50 29.0} 31.0} 25.0
Sila eas Wineg ca eter ASN US iRiyL TSORanl | OPO Gey me ene: Fy SOR sani
Sa aaoeeer ecw seis 28 42.0) 37.0 2dO8 NSP. eee ee ue ee | 50| 32.5 32.0 17.5
Te Re Sere 29 46.5 43. 0 ZALO)i eR 7 ioe ee a acl ae 50 | 33.0 40.0 21.0
BS Jao ote ce oeete tee 28) 26.5 26.0 LONOUW SRiaes tke ce ae ees 48 30.0 30.5 22.0
4G Sb eS SSG as a 30| 45.0; 45.0 VEN UD I Oe is ae aetna Ae) 45 | 35.0 32.0 21.0
SOS. Gaareaarerue ts! D8), cdl, © 36 26dl D4 SOM ser emacs fel eoeel eee AB || S0N5ule -Sgnpnlm soaeG
eee eee || 30] (?) SAI0N)'"— LOD NERDS ons at ie see 45.) 36:5) “37.0 2520
I BOs coals Pde Peraenae 50| 35.0] 29.0] 20.0
AV CTA SO foe eel seen rer | 41.8 38.9 23.3 =» aa
Minimum ....|...... | 26.5 26.0 15.5 Average.....|...--- 85.5 34.5 21.9
Maximum. .22}222.-- 58.5 | 54.0 30.0 Minimum ....|...... 29.0 26.5 17.5
Miarxaimigim eee ane 43.5 41.0 25.0
Age: 30 to 40 years tS |
ever apeiron) wo| 360) 3320] 2301 Age: 50 to 60 years
Oe ee eee 35 42.0 36.5 24. 5 ||
SiS ee Pa ae 35 41.0 38. 5 TR OTA Vat eet ce 55 28.5 26.0 13.0
NG sects oe ee 40 40.0 34. 0 20. 0d E20 oe ep aaa ss eecenee 52 34.0 31.5 17.0
OS eieeetce case aoe 32 38. 5 34.5 28 Olelllli2o kee meee Se ee es 55 31.0 30.0 16.0
OB Ee Sees Soa 40 51.0 41.0 2850 iI NQSaeceeaeten eee 55.) 35.5 33.5 18.0
72. eeeette Se cere 37 39. 5 29. 0 OG AO ees ae ea eee 55 | 38.5 33.0 22.0
Di hesitates ee seis 36 53.5 53.5 DO OTIEAD seme: eee emia 65 18.0 15.0 13.0
Slice ee Sekt ise Ae 40 39.5 37.0 23:01} BO Secs eae ae ees 60 29. 5 23.0 16.0
Sa jeieees aeemere eer 35 52.0 45. 0 20), Oll|| KSujcnt Meret seere oar: 60 29.0 24.0 15.0
BO teas cas tee ae eee 32 §2..5 43.5 253.5)1|| BS a eee 60 28. 0 26. 5 17.5
CVI ANE eat a 32 41.5 41.5 25.0 = Se
Far gee ne ee 33 43.5 40.5 26.5 Average.....|.....- 30. 2 27.0 16.4
AGRE RANE Dt, ale 35 40.5 30.5 30.0 Mininiums.ce|eesese 18 0 15.0 13.0
Ceara aliete Bice 39 38.0 33.5 27.5 Maximum....}...... 38. 5 33. 5 22:0
HRDLICKA]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
III. Inpran Aputts—Continued
TABLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(b) PUEBLOS—Continued
375
FEMALE
| Pressure. | Pressure.
Seen ane Trace —__—_——_—_ | Trae-
Record no. Age. Right | Left | tion. Record no. Age. Right | Left | tion.
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 30 to 40 years—Continued.
. cs .
ee 26 5 | |
e Sea ans en | a Se ae =e, WOuceacasceenssee =. 35,], 2125) 2155) elon
inci wate | ; sae Wy BUNS. Cee Wee aS 38) 23.5 | 23.5| 16.0
Gl co eae 28 | 25.5] 22.5] 16.0
i paae Geta ceee 27 20.5}, 180] 15.0 AVETA Sed Sere = /scicine 20.9 20.5) 16.2
lSscksecetseececese 26/ 19.0 16.5 13.0 Minimum! s222|225226 17.5 16.5| 14.0
7S eee 29} 21.5] 240] 140 Maree ieee eee 24.0| 2451 19.5
ime eee fe. 28| 25.0] 23.5| 15.5 || | | |
Ghee ote eta e ee OTe B55 e2seailt L740)
Oiieere Sesh Se 2 sctoe 24.) 2715 24.0 13.0 || Age: 40 to 50 years
Goes gene aoe emees 29| 22.0] 19.5] 16.0]|
9 96.5
ie Roe cea Eta =< es ; Pa : is ; be ee 45| 20.5] 20.5] 12.0
ete oe a mas Bee “oe | Rane Soest 45| 24.5| 20.5] 15.0
SSeS he. el hal sl ipl co ee (i704) = (25:0) |" 2350 Patsae
; oa eee i ae Fe aa fees Nx ae od pM fa 453) 24°08 M21 Onle ad aso
pele iTS ha eae ee as 5 alll (ie ee ae 50] -20.0| 17.0] 12.0
Average.....|...... 59 |) 88:9 || 15.8) 76--------22------2. 45) 20.0) 20.0} 145
ae Beg gic ah ae ae a Average.....|...... 22.3| 2.4 | 18.7
Oe aloe Tat esas y ; ; Minimum....|...... 20.0| 17.0| 12.0
Maximum. ...|....-- 25.0 Zoo | MGR)
Age: 30 to 40 years .
| | Age: 50 to 60 years
ito - Seen. alee NeaOneenli7s bal) eal6rsi lt 145
ia: Te, Bee nae SoHo ON | ese oii1450) || oe
(ise E a ay ae 2 ETM AO es oAN One 18" Oulleidese case ee sea alae Ata ee M is es X
Tile aR eee ee AONE SS5iliy, As Ol 72 ew see | 60| 22.5] 19.5] 13.5
376 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
III. Inpran Aputts—Continued
TaBLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(c) HOPI
MALE
Pressure. | : Pressure.
Record no. Age. ‘Right | Left Teas Record no. Age. Rinne mere ie
hand. | hand. | hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years | Age: 30 to 40 years—Continued
x rei |
| ] :
pee ahs Re. 261942751) 935,05) BOnMniaen 2.) eee see } 32] 44.5] 35.5 | 22.5
Cea ne BOF |.- AIS S A SOSaule Sh Oiayels be eae eres eee 33 | 41.0] 36.5 | 27.0
OSS eee eens 257i). 405051! F SHO), {32 0ih| 4808. oc eee eee 38 | 36.0] 31.0] 24.5
1B ead See Sere 25 | 46.0 | 37.0 OOM RD e eae eeereen eee es 40 35.0 29.0 23.0
Ee eee Ae eee es | 26 39.0 |-- 37.0 2GA0TI 538s see ee 33 35.5 39.5 | 20.0
ee lead ee 28)|' % 37.5; 488254" ©2505 — |
Gee eet ee 28 39.0 | 33.5 26.0 || Average Mooscu|bessos 40.2 85.1 26.3
Lyf ik oe Ring i esleaageO 26 39.5 36.5 29.0 f Minimums. sss 22228 33.5 25.0 20.0
(Kok ech ee am ey Sg 30 88.5 | 38.5 | 25.0 | Maximum. ...|..-... 47.5 45.0 32.5
Deine oon eee 261 42.5]; 42.5] 28.5 || - 7
PA ays Se a ety Sd 27 41.0 40.5 25.0 | Age: 40 to 50 years
By eee eee Pea 24 | 40.5) 37.5] 24.5 |
Sie ee ee | 30| 41.0] 340] 24.0
Che Sk hte th | 28) 25.0) 20.0 12.5 | W9.------eeeeeeeeees 45| 40.0| 36.5| 25.0
ST pany te, eRe Loe 327 43.5 40.5 3000 Ili2eee. ceseceeeanc eee 50 33.0 24.5 19.0
Cnt eNom eae eta aare 2| 360 SyA0) [2 WG) || WS sence osessoSecr | 860 34.0 31.5 19.5
BOseeTe ee. | Sash. Biel Mats i. sasoill abet char e ees enie|'s- 43.1 85.051 1 3280 ea gaeae
ALOE bec, eet | | 43.0) 40.0] 30.0 || 36.--..-.-..------. | 50| 34.5) 23.0} 23.0
AS Gi USE = 10h | 26] 56.0] 525 | 37.5 | Bias acdsarcersseute | 50], 34.0) 38.0) 25.0
; | | -
eo al Moree eae ecco Average...... ie 35.1| 30.9| 26.8
Sire ca. 2 220 evn es Minimum....!...... 33.0 23.0 19.0
Beate Se he tae sees 20 wie euck 23:0 Maximum: ..:!...2.: 40.0 38.0 25.0
Bian ot see gute S55, 82.0)" 272051 |
BO te eee | 25| 55.5 | 46.5 | 35.0 eat &
ie Waal eee cose ine 2 | 48.0] 41.5] 25.0 Ase: 50.1060 years
GOS ee ae 93 | 47.0) 35.5) 31.0 ;
Average. .....|...--- Wo SpE tel 727 Kec PRON Neal ote oA phe Sere a | s5| 33.5| 28.5] 23.0
Minimums. 2l22 2.05 25.0 20.0 1225 Ap eae Cae bh een ae | 60 |e 34.0 27.5 22.0
Marximime: = 22|/" 225 56.0 52.5 Bits) Dae Bene ees ae 60 32.5 22u0) 22.0
fae em otis GOH |= 22855) | 22k0n) 2380
Meet sntoeomens 1208 Se oes Semen | GON 4250) a S6hOule 2250)
Sse Steere a Oe a le G08)" S1G5a) ) 2385s) 2085
a wa ] plc aRs abst: MT eine ge ct 55| 30.0] 25.0] 19.0
Dee eee sisi See see as eis OO 47.0 35.0 29.0 || AOS ky. Mi gat are 60 29.5 29.5 | 19.0
is eee Mee eer e eae | 32 47.5 45.0 29.0 Le aS a 4 55 31.5 26.0! 24.0
Sod doce se Sceesesent ie o8al es nOn enzo 0) e220) eo neeas | eee een 55 |- 35.5 | 26.0°| 22.5
eee [88 fe EO. |e 799.0 82250 poe et ae ee | 60! 36.0] 33.5| 22.0
Die roe east cmie siete | 35 41.0 39.0 SA ONIME RY ou collie ne esiay ae 60 24.0 25.0 14.0
DOR at heer A AO) |) 4255) eS7s0ul, 2 3ik0 | |
23 Se ee ee eee | 35] 45.5! 41.5| 25.0 Average. ....- late 82.4) ert | 21.0
D0 Rae sat oie See | 38| 35.0] 31.5] 93.0 Minimum t2.0|....) 24.0 | 22.0] 14.0
QU Lata ey eerie 35 | 35.0: 25.5] 28.0 Hains ea 42.0] 36.0] 24.0
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL+OBSERVATIONS rer
III. Inpran Aputts—Continued
TABLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(c) HOPT—Continued
FEMALE
Pressure. | Pressure.
Nantes Trac- SnOT car ea ae
EE ede |) Righb |) Dett)|.tion..|| _ Pecordno.. | Age.) Rint || Letts|\tiou.
| hand. | hand. | | hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 30 to 40 years—Continued
Le eae ae 30| 25.0] 22.5] 15.0 ! 9... 2222s sees eee 40 | 25.0) 21.5 | 17.5
Boe saath <= | 2B8 psa cero) 2080) Average. ..... | wo Me, | 24.9] 99.8|- 16.2
2 2
Won aioe =o 4= al 23-0 pt Be } Mininatiml: 4: |se-2 28 20.0 abs) 1285
x i u ce ||
ee ewe a re | ENN Maximum....|...... 33.0| 31.5| 21.0
he 28] 205 | 23:5'| 18:0 | CASA nS Ni pe
W122 2222222 e ee sees 25 23.0 22.0 16.5 Age: 40 to 50 years
Te oh 2%} 26.5 | 23.5) 14.0 || eres eee
ieee sree mare oa SGN pnts POSTON. 154G (|: S2ee ae ees wn 2. ie 50]. “Eseoel. “1308 Tie
omer arr et Gerona 795500 O05: |, 1765, \ S6lis wi -csu- 2-2. es | 45] 32.0] 24.0] 17.0
ee nea he PGE OONOR |? QIMOTI FAG TOL Biiece ees ks 45] 21.5| 21.0] 13.5
| { |
Average. .....|..---- 26.7 | 92.9] 17.2 | Average. .....|...... 22.2| 19.8) 18.8
Minimum....!......| 22. 20.5] 14.0 | Minimum....)...... 13.01}, 1340)|, 00
Maximum. -. i eae 35.0 26.5 21.0 | Maximum. .:.]...... 32.0 24.0 17.0
| |
| : Ta Ta os ae ps iS ai
; ¢ 4 | Age: 50 to 60 years
Age: 30 to 40 years — = — 2 —
. isthe es ar yee 55| 21.5| 21.0] 16.0
| | 67 5 22
Geb Miche Ck Bea WenoTe*| a 2610" ns OIROR|| oleae a> seam Teale 2 oe ae oe
(Si ae hs ea BSH)
(d) ZUNI
MALE
Pressure. || Pressure.
Record no. Age. | Right | Left me | Record no. Age.| Right | Left ond
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years | Age: 30 to 40 years—Continued
| | omer ae ae 0
Dee & Bae con. ae 24) 40.0} 40.0} 26.5 } Spat Soe eee 33)| 36508) = S430) aor
OSes a te nsr acer 26) Ase onl) CSOS0K S620) OREo ae ene ee ames 36/2855)" 2870) eae2lno
dhe oF ee sot | 25.1 36:05) taieO) |i? 23,01
Ga. Pike Seen ee a | 6 37.0 33.5 24.0 OO Daa ee ence ce 32 | 38.5 35.0 27.5
he es tack 1 On | o7| 37.0] 31.5| 19.0 || 99----------------- 33 40.0] 37.5 | 25.5
3 Pe eeteserccetscees | Se ee ee Sa Average. ....|...... | 386| 35.1] 24.8
pipe Ree arise | : : Mininwumi.3-\0-...2 28.5 27.0 19.0
Ue ee a Jy 28). (00:0)! 45.0) 26.07); Maximum .. .|...... 50.0| 43.5 | 37.0
Ug Grow: Penn kth. an | 2%} 43.5] 39.5} 30.0
LQheres Mel tees | .29| 47.0| 46.0] 32.0 ;
ee are A |< 301 42:5 | 37-0 | 26-0 Age: 40 to 50 years
PAR § Urdles ct As ORy I fA S05 at SAO ROG Q Nh ena aa
OR the ig Se a ae D371 i 405d CSRtO\ Nis PALO; ll uous ea ee 45| (2) | 32.5] 22.0
Speer tert te 30: 47204). aeObie 82-0 tae eae eo eee 45) 51.5] 46.5| 30.0
oD Ree ee Cae eieaa DBA e-SOKOn|t 3855/5. e230 94a Re ek eee 50 | (2) 28.0! (2)
Be eae eae DON oe AIO S700“ O70WN OTe kon eee 45| 44.0| 42.5] - 27.5
Ma ee | 280). -PS6s01 |: 35209) > 2BN0 p90... eee cae 50| 395] 33.0] - 24.5
LBS Sees ese ree Nee SOME 39205 rs6s0) hea Zos0i| rolls eae meee eens 45\\| 3855, ||— 13250))|) 2180
Vics ae Zonl> 350i < oS500ul’MeNOiisaue esi ae ee 45| 44.0| 36.0] 27.0
A ae eae aac ok Se 2341; 36:08], 37.0)! < 20°0ulleaa eee Bowe ohare | 60! 31.51. 29.0! 25:0
AG 21 oe sees tek 26/2 751258] A202 8150) Il Beas pues ee |. 45h" 35.0) 330s oi ea o0e
59 eee eM le sede |) $200" 440" (S855 1) PASS Hees oo ee ee ah BOM) eae 5 a sO seamen
GE ea ere canenoe 28| 42.0] 41.0) 25.0 ¢ | | |
BE shes ee ea 98| 44.5| 41.0) 27.5 | Average - ..-...----- | 99.7 | 34.1) 24.2
ie te get 30| 43.0| 39.0| 30.5. Minimum... | Brakes: | 31.5 | 28.0] 20.0
| | Maximatma 2 2|--- 522 51.5 | 46.5 | 30.0
Average ..... eee 41.6 | 98.2| 26.6 |
- Minimum. <)--2. | 35.0 31.0 19.0 Age: 50 to 60 years
Maximum ...|....-. [pre Sals, 462051 = SBn0h| lens vane ee a tk ee ae oe
Perce ee atin aioe tet 2s, Sah 55 | 28.0] 27.0] 20.0
decry ae the een 55 | 32.0|~ 23.0] 14.0
; ce eyiecn aot eM ree Gels Co 55| 27.0| 28.0| 21.0
a Sue eis Mees oe oo ol. | (. . < | i= 5
Coes 40] “a0. a0 f arollg Ce en oor ia ae
12.2.2. e esse eee 35} 34.0) 31.5) 22.0] 4 | 55] 41.8] 36.0) 21.5
Mee Bs fo ae Sore Cea EPO iaeeeOd tds weer eet 55} 31.5] 26.0] 15.0
ZEST as ae [eile Meee Oiine susan) SRSOLOAI aug x eesti see 55! 25.0! 25.5! 20.0
a ee BO as ee Oat eee Os UO gare tt see 55| 28.0| 26.0| 21.0
23 eewecaesecawececcsese 33 47.5 38.5 35.0 60 Sl. et 55 26.0 24.5 20.0
Dee PEN oes 32| 38.5| 40.0} 25.0 | |
Ge ies Baar 2 eRe 35 (8720) | 436-0) | 1920 Averages os. lee. 2. 29.3| 26.38} 19.2
Ms Went ger oe 40| 33.0| 27.0] 20.0 Minimum....|...... 25.0| 18.0| 14.0
CORT aI RAD eit 85 36°5.| © 330: 22/0 Maximum. ..|...... 41.5| 36.0| 23.5
}
HRDLICKA |
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
II. Inptan Aputtrs—Continued
TABLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(d) ZUNI—Continued
FEMALE
Pressure.
Record no. Age. ‘Right | Left
hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years
Gilera Sin eect cece = 24 24.0 18.5
(Ons sass See Se ereeces 28 25.0 235.5
Via ae ene Sa eeesees | 30 26.5 25.0
lta Se Meroe wie Soci. 28 33.5 34.5
Sinise aaa Ties ee Lee 24 27.0 26.0
Ch) Sono ae ae eee 27 30.0 25.5
IAVCLEP C= Soc) sse5- 2 27.7 26.5
Minimum: = 2c}25.-2 24.0 18.5
Maximum 22}2-22- = 33.5 34.5
Age: 30 to 40 years
GO ried ani sc aseit eyerstoe 40 30.0 22.0
Te oo es 83 |°30°0| 27:5 |
(i eS eae 35 | heal) 1 w2or0)
SOE Steerayctec r= Ges aret oie 35 | 22.0 1725.
1: earners 40| 19.5| 17.0
Boi Rreacice ccm etre oe 33 19.5 18.0
BORER camer tease aca se 32 | 22.0 22.5
Avera cer veccr|: ee. | 24.4 21.4
Minimum. ...|. <=: 19.5 17.0
Maximum <2|222.-- y 3050 27.5
379
Pressure.
ape Trac-
Recordin. Age.! Right | Left | tion.
hand. | hand.
Age: 40 to 50 years—Continued
oka S|
aes sees tscees 50 20.0 21.5 14.5
Set ole SLE Brelelcis ascot 45 24.0 23.0 15.5
Ser see onset | 50 21.0 19.5 15.0
| Wins ose secieacess seca 50 2255 21.0 12.0
Ae. pee Sate ee 45 23.5 25.0 16.0
{MBs = cck ape ciaereincieete 45 21.0 23.0 18.0
SSiiiosnct vsisec Oe kee 50 26.5 24.0 17.5
Sestoaaweahyece repre 240. 27.5 24.0 20.0
OSE EEECe Tee seisieei|\ 100 20.0 19.0 12.5
ie ese SOSA Scie iee 50 26.0 20.5 22.0
mei ieee Hse he de eetellly e100) 22.0 19.5 14.0
epee Ratios ree 50 20.0 19.5 15.5
a
AN CLARO sexe ances 22.9 21.4 15.9
Minimum =-3|0-.2- 20.0 19.0 12.0
Maximum }). 2). ./.<2 "97.5 25.0 22.0
|
Age: 50 to 60 years
fa aren gis ches ce episiers 55 19.5 21.5 11.0
Fain iaie tajseiee Aen 55 17.0 18.0 10.0
| QoS See sadsSecasacae 55 COI- 1955 10.0
(|, BAe kant ciae cmt r «55 24.5 20.0 13.5
IAMELH ZO. cee eee sells (e0ne! 19.8 api
Minimum: 522\52.2-5 17.0 18.0 10.0
Maxam. 2|s-45- 24.5 21.5 13.5
380 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 8£
III: Inpian Aputts—Continued
TABLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(e) MOHAVE
MALE
Pressure. | | | Pressure.
= eae eae 4 Trac-
Record.no. | Age-| Right | Left. | tion. Record no. Age. | Rignt | Left | tion.
hand. hand hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 40 to 50 years
Eee tae SBMS “S80! 2c SAI5 A gOTsON | aes se ee 47| 47.5 | 43.0) 25.5
1Raen Por tense Ge S263} S05! “Sn Or atau s| mace 1 eee ae aN 50 | 39.0] 340] 23.5
DR iprne gice oe entre DSA ALCOA S7a0al. MDOUo. | elle ee ae Pe eee ee 50'| | 4255°). “S725 \omaimee
Dae eR een Ska 20M = AB OR) & HAMGS IADR OAD t es eee oars! AB) 3580" 13210) ee SRO
Ge FRE AUen Saecae A SVBO) |= Pn azarae noe Lee 45 | 32:0] 27.5 | 20/0
Ae ts tae es wed DNS ERG IE RG} || GR OMI| agg ee P 50 | 41.5 |= 81 0%| 24N0
Bs ceed erg pee Dad Aas Oul 2 S7e5u\" ORO Oeonn se oe 50 | .23.0| 20.0) 23.5
Beet See Te D7a|*SB6On) 88h OOKOul tome. poy ae eee 45| 47.0| 41.0] 29.5
BOW sret eS D5 a\- “S0.5b -BIsOul - ASsOrlaslee, seen ee ae 50} 41.5 | 340] 26.5
dere Se a OS | DAH 4G Ol cd deal O0s0nl| Saees = fener ee 50} 32.5] 30.5] 29.0
AB Be Vite tes 26:1| )) 4820! 395001," 30851! SS Se
Ti ee he et ee | 28 54.0 47.0 31.0 AWVeT AI Ores seer 38. 2 33. 1 23.7
pare eeeeea aes || Minimum ....|..2... 23.0 20.0 17.0
Average. ....~ eee 42.5 87.4 23.5 Maxam: oe 3| ee ope 47.5 43.0 29.5
Minimum....|_..... 32.5 29.5 12.0 :
Maximum....|...... 5450) |) 4720"), 31c0
= = Age: 50 to 60 years
Age: 30 to 40 years
Demers. ue eas * S78 2i508Onl 146508133020) g aoe eee ae 54{ 29.5] 31.0] 23.0
Cee ee ae SPL GRE LUA SPO Gin tee ee Seals bell S220 dG 9.0
Ge eet tetenge wate BSH aa 8b all SSGe54/s ce 24800) (Ome eee see eee 55 | 26.0] 21.0] 15.5
iL ere ain one 403 # S250 1) 2935500 "2450 Wee bee eee ee ee 55] 27.5| 24.0] 12.5
Der eh A AO*| AB Bal 237A 00, eoB4sOu|| 19s sek ee eee 55 | 25.0] 23.5] 13.0
OG eer al Deis 35: | oe Asehal cde ONl" SSOS 5 see eae ae ee 55| 42.0] 30.0] 19.0
DOW eae Generel Bae R700! asus we 23: O)leaTise Oo ees ee 60] 2 26404| 195 5a eos
BD esate eM Ts 35 | 48-0. seiavainlly 23. Onl 4d ace.” 2 ae 55| 325] 285] 245
Avera poses adler 45.9 | 40.9 7.6 | Averageless-|. 5. BS Bu||e 24h. G alle 68G
Minimums |soeeee 32.0 33.0 23.0 Wihvetvoatbesle SAR ee 22.0 19.5 9.0
Maximum.......... | 585] 47.0] 340 Maximum. ...|...... 42.0] 31.0] 24.5
HRDLICK A]
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
III. Inpran ADuLTs—Continued
TaBLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(e) MOHAVE—Continued
381
FEMALE
Pressure. Pressure. |
Trac- —| Trac-
Record no. Age.| Right | Left | tion. Record no. Age.| Right | Left | tion.
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 30 to 40 years—Continued
pling |e RETA eae ba eee ee 33} 29.51 22.0 | 18.5
se eeeteccee esses 30} 31.5) 22.0) (14.0 Average......|......| 2.8] 21.8| 144
vette eee ece tence ee 26 | 27.0) 2185 8.0 Minimum....|......| 15.0] 16.0] 120
Boece are nnn ZONES Nh eee Maximum....|......) 30.5| 26.0] 185
te 5 oe -31.0:| 209511 16.5 s
|
Average. .....-.---- 27.8| 16.7| 10.1 | Age: 40 to 50 years
Minimmum|!.222-22-5- 2250)" 19X00" 9 1880)|
Maximum.......... ETNe il mag Nan) ato NSA to acc ene renee DOr 2220015 222) <2)
Weaver. Oo team umd Bulb (2200 1655) 0
5 NCES deat Jeane 50| 19.5 170)1 91380
Ret aa age vare Sua Oe 45| 22.0] 21.5 7.5
Bee Ue cans eh ee ete ee 45| 33.5] 280! 15.0
Eee bey Noietea A5:\ °9675:\|\ 32305 | 14a
apy Renate ecsatoalt cigce Nit lcmssseco cee wal 745) [> 26:0) 1-25. jletals-0
Beene cio ae i, oy bal oneuses ste eee 50| - 28.0] 22.0] 14.5
ee et! : : 5 ||
2S. bees reese 40] 30.5] 240) 13.0 Average......|......| 24.9| 22.0] - 12.8
eAlajgs-gecseseeo se 40 | 20.0] 20.5) 17.5 Minimuric- cl acl, 195: eS lee weB
| =<
oon ec eee senses. 32} 24.5} 20.0) 13.0 Maximum....|......| 28.0| 28.0] 15.0
Z| eee 360 | 627-5 19 22.0 | “13:0 = Sais
Bee estan see: 35| 27.5) 22.0| 13.0 ieee
oot ey ae 40| 21.0] 20.0] 15.5 || _ : IB Nee ye
ee cere reece tense Soe ede 0) 2109.) 12-0) eg 55 | 19.0 | 15.0 | 10.5
382
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Ill. Inpran ApuLTs—Continued
[ BULL. 34
TaBLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(f) YUMA
MALE
| Pressure. Pressure.
Trac- Trac-
Record no. Age. Right | Left | tion. Record no. Age. Right | Left | tion.
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 40 to 50 years
Dis ek hte Tas tah aio 24 | 47.5 | 43.0 S210 Mian ate stance oe earns 50 40.5 30.5 28.0
Iie ee Open ty Baten a 29) 515 36.5 27.0 Sit Sites: 145 Se ee 50 35.0 37.0 84555)
Hileman cyte ie ates 28 a 28 31.0 41.0 DASOUN GID spa Se aneurcer ee rae 45 | 29.5 25.0 12.5
WAS ccna je ecis sites 27 45.0 36.5 S203] (Pica So eenase eS 50 34.5 S15) 17.0
Ge Se ane ic 25 36.5 (?) EEO Doe os ode Cree ears 45 32.5 28.5 17.0
OSes econ eee | 29 58.5 50. 0 S2H0 IZA Sey es oe eee ee 50 45.0 30.5 27.5
I a eae thee pete 95 || =eABe Bel) ABs 2ONONI OG: ae aes ke eres 47| 46.5 | 32.5] 20.5
1 ie eeeaticestrn char 25 | 42.0 41.0 ZEON N20 ore ks eee. eae 50 47.0 B7GH) 24.5
DRE Ene SES a cu 20 BOAO ei moLO, 21.0 |! |
De ees ee 26 49.5 Ages, 33.0 WV CLAS Cee eae eaeee 88.8} 31.6) 22.6
Ope ee KS, eat 25 35.0 32.0 15.0 || Minimiimys= ss |es=s== PAL 25.0 IPA
ORM ee Ab oe EO 30 60.0 52.0 31.0 || Masami esse | Saee ae 47.0 BYE) Soa0
Die cereic oaies See 27 46.0 40.5 22.0 || —
ALVOTE Per.) casls ace 44.7 40.9 26.0
Minimum. ~ -/|--2.5- Ste Onl easl0) 15.0
Maximum....|....:- 60.0 52.0 33.0 || Age: 50 to 60 years
Age: 30 to 40 years
( ee Se Oe eS 32 55.0 36.5 SL ier sccce cuemnence ese 55 47.5 40.0 | 33.0
1) 3 Ses aes tere recese cer 33 34.0 30.0 21.0 NW nOee se eh Stee eee 53 46.0} 37.5 | 31.0
Sia se, See ste hare wie se | 32 53.5 40.0 2650) Wind eas eee ase 55 42.0 36. 5 32.0
DRre socio ines EAS Ee | 38 45.5 40.0 ASO M| WO Brereton = cle rererstereeerste 60 29.5 29.0 13.0
Average...... ee tas 47.0| 36.6] 25.9 || Average......|...--- $1. 8'|\ “S88 | ees
Minimum.........- 34.0| 30.0] 21.0] Minimum... ...... 29.5] 29.0] 13.0
Maximum... | Seekers 55.0 40.0 31.5 || Maximum.:..|.....- 47.5 40.0 30.0
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 883
Ill. Inp1ian Aputtrs—Continued
TaBLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(f) YUMA—Continued
FEMALE
Pressure. Pressure.
Trac- | So Trac-
Recordno. /Age-| Right | Left | tion. || Record no- Age. Right | Left | tion.
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years | Age: 30 to 40 years
LO Gee Ss aaese pode pee 30 PAS) 2105 TS AOA Uae tsetse rasctacetes 40 32.0 29.0 18.0
Hint RS de Seco e eee 24 16.5 17.0 PASO)S| ley $3) en en ea 32 20.0 16.0 5.0
Average......|.....: 22.0 19.3 8.6 AVOCFAL OC 2-2 alias Se 26.0 22.5 11.6
Age: 40 to 50 years
Dee as eciare Son eee | 50 23.0 | 20.0 15.0
(9g) MARICOPA
MALE
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 30 to 40 years—Continued
| | |
(inne ase SEN aee = | 30 58.0 49.0 33.0 | Plier earn re ese e 5 sie 40 51.5 48.5 34.0
Ce ee Ee | 30 45.0 32.5 22.0 | 7A EE HOO CE ICES 40 43.0 39.5 24.0
WD jojo cianise aasise = sires = he PS 40.5 39.0 205A ada e ee Se ee 32 46.0 40.0 30.0
DB eee ioeeialetewtdia lue29) lie 5825) |e 4450 5 | o3-08 oO es aisrecacle late 38 | 40.5] 36.5) 19.0
2G Neer ee | 28} 50.0 ASRS ele = SIROA|| amas sae oe 35 42.0} 35.0] 24.5
|
ON aCe es PEC | 30 51.5 50. 0 S2E0 NW SSin= aceeeeeatic aes 40 50.0 49.5 36.5
BY a ee eS iaeeers | 29 48.5 44.5 QOS 5 th AO one ee eens yarn 38 38.5 Shs) 22.0
S23 Sec. Bea ce ee l;, 25 48.0 38.0 31.5 || Se ere
15.55 i eae | | 330] 41.5] 36.0] 2 Rook «Beer inate | EIN Bai
5) See Bnd | 96 36.0 27.0 24.5 Minimum: . 22). 52: 32.0 28.5 16.0
aa Maximum -222):2_ 2.2 61.0 57.0 36.5
Average... ..- ees Per gerOue 2tad |. 299) 2 pr Loe ae
Minimum... =| were 36.0 27.0 22.0 Age: 40 to 50 years
Maximum)... -|__...- | 58.5 50.0 36.0 |)
| |
| Pesecsbcsoosensedes 50 46.0 34.5 16.0
Age: 30 to 40 years RL Oe itaeteeeee Sethe 50} 40.5 35.0 22.0
= |i Sboooeuespasde] 50 45.0 41.5 31.0
- | Vk Eee tel ieee ee 45 43.0 40.5 21.0
SS coke caniwe cess 38 35.0 31.0 18.0 OG tee eat i Play So 45 | 47.5 43.5 26.0
3. -.2- 2-22-2222 pid SCN AISR SOU BN eA | 0 pee eee aD 45| 46.0| 42.0] 30.0
Higgs Coeeee eee 40 53.0 43.5 PES UTICOe uns Denne ie ger TF 45 43.5 38.5 | (?)
5
i ss eee eos 35 51.5 46.5 29.0 OF a ne AU ta Me 45 52.5 45.0 32.0
1. Se ae eee anes | 40 38.5 34.0 21.5 Pe A ae ae
Te Sa eS eee | 32 46.0 35.0 32.0 AVeTagere. 2s =|rer a= 45.6 40.1 25.4
TAGS Se ¢ te BE Lae ee Sees 40 46.0 36.0 32.0 Minimum 2222) 22225 40.5 34.5 16.0
2 rene Ss Sear aa 40 61.0 57.0 34.0 Maxamumc = 2|22o2-= 52.5 45.0 32.0
384
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Ill. Inpian Aputts—Continued
[ BULL. 34
TABLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(9) MARICOPA—Continued
MALE—Continued
Pressure. Pressure.
Trac- -| Trae-
Record no. | Age.| Right | Left | tion. IRTOSE Age.| Right | Left | tion.
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 50 to 60 years
i =
De Se eee oy i) ZEROS Sel SRO WOE Gao aanSocccauce 60 | 34.0] 30.5| 22.0
(ere hese 60 47.5 B10) Dba all
[ORs LE Deere 53 35.0 31.5 19.5 || pveruee SSD eC 34. 9 29.7 20.0
ieee Peete 55 30.5 26.5 18.0 gael soadlsssoe= 26.5 22.5 15.0
A oe See ae 55 28.0 25.5 15.0 || Maximum....|.-...- 47.5 36.0 2585
“IG (St an ae a a pI 60 26.5 22.5 17.0
FEMALE
Age: 20to 30 years Age: 30 to 40 years—Continued
eee panne ee eee D4 | 87a) CSIRO) SWTEO 78. eee ae see = 35)|| | 22:0) | 2220) eatene
ae ee 5a NOs) et 4B ll a Saee ISO ncn ecen nee 35| 28.0} 28.0 | 14.5
622 eo aeeeee coon 30 34.0 30.5 20.0 | | 3 Z
| | g A |
Gene ee 30| 30.5] 25.0] 18.0 ap dear a peers) cs ) é ow | Tied
Ate eo veel 98 32.5 97.0 17.5 | Pee Blk ae sre 21.0} 20.0 6.0
Sei hak Oe yl enone ore actreon| Maximum....)....-- 40.0 | 32.0 | 20.0
fi SSPE 29 23.5 30.0 18.0
Vata soos ere bceinc ee 30 28.5 27.0 17.5 Age: 40 to 50 years
(ORB Shoo atesccsreeae 30 30.0 27.5 15.5 me = |
79.2002 2- 2-22-2222 28) |) 620-086 25:0) 1805 54 e aee ee so | 18:0) J4/0ll sto
IANO Rts Sollee oe 30.0 27.6 17.2 ad ie Tek es tes ZY woe | St 2 (2)
Minimum....|...... Beielie ova lle abel) ogo oeaeet sae BY ae tae hace
ap | ea
Maximum....|...-... 37.5 31. OGG0 Ieee eee: eee 45 21.0 | 18.5 | Ue
67:55 38 CoA 50 22.0; 20.0 | 8.0
anes a = | | |
| *' |
: Atvetaceuen sea eaeeee 186° W6SRal = arse
Age: 30 to 40 years
B Op ageieae Minimumes5.s| 2-522 15.0 14.0 Ud)
— all With. dhashbbinee oe| eee ae 22.0 20.0 11.0
Dre ke meer es 40 24.0 25.0 | 17.0 |
Bb Sra iesie eee a are 40 21.5 20.5 12.5 || Age: 50 to 60 years
DOG See aeeree oe ae 35 24.5 2ilieo) 17.0
Qe 9 € 9
ee oe a a = iy - 0 Deg Sey te hae Sa 55 2155 18.5 15.0
Geist aceseias hs oe aS ae FeO leit atten Cae ee ee 55| 21.5| 21.0| 10.0
ES ecmd cee chase ok 210 205 6-0 Me eyes ee ince deate 55 19.0 17.0 3.5
COR Sees ete se eee 35 40.0 32.0 17.0
LO een iee Nets rete oe 38 24.5 24.0| 17.5 AVELALC Sacfcec|- wero 3 20:7 | 18.8 9.5
Moire sein aoe ce eels ee 40 23.5 24.0 13.0 Minimum’: =< <|5..--- 19.0 17.0 SiN)
(Baceckbeacwen se cces 35 31.5 27.0 20.0 Maximum s=|se2ees PAGE 21.0 15.0
HRDLICKA]
TABLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
III. Inpian AbuLtrs—Continued
(h) PAPAGO
385
MALE
Pressure. } | Pressure.
Record no. Age. ‘Right Lett AAS 1 Record no. Age. (Rient are pha
hand. | hand. | hand. | hand.
+> = = == ——— —— ~
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 30 to 40 years
7 | | ae aio l
(ae ee Ely Ibe Seelam Sid fame 977 | cee eee 33| 38.0| 30.0| 24.0
3 Sie ees 20; ener) 20.5) |/- 23.0 | Ricdoe ee Saeee 40| 46.5] 30.5| 18.0
ce cy See i) We eG Nimes” See) | 35| 45.0] 45.0| 34.0
See ae ee Dor eeesstOr ec AveOn| a7eON [dG hohe | 35|° 40.5| 38.0] 32.0
BRN hh cain 26 40.0 | SOM OssONNABE: ot Sk st | 40] 295] 320] 415.0
ie a ee Bere AGi |MSBISN 2055u [100 / veel Loe Ts | 32/ 47.0| 43.0] 28.0
sa eee Sen ISONON | eto Ohl 26.8 ete. ce | 38] 36.0| 425] 25.0
ee ae Gh) ASauS Ie SING D5KON W272. oe. eee 40| 28.0] 26.5| 12.5
ee Saree DOr ee dnt ly oavenme< 8005 | RIOK a2. Jol. Ae Ie 23e2 | 4akay le adoul as o3K0
ieee ies Pio WC ied eae (si meee HT | 8025 | © 24.7 Minimum....|....... 30.0/ 280] 11.5
Wifbabmi lin se eljesee= 34.0 29.0 17.0 Westin, |e. 43.0 38.0 30.0
Pe Maximatim ee sal2 a= ae 48.5 46.0 33.0
| :
Age: 30 to 40 years
2 3 = Age: 50 to 60 years
ha seid Vee ae Bl) 48.5 |. 38:5 25.5
Uh a a eee 35| 40.5| 40.5| 27.0 7
yer oe re: esOneeroo et 205. | T5016. 06. oes stone 55| 34.0| 29.5] 25.0
SE ee Sep eee caren 39 34.0 32.0 25.5 Os See eee sees 55 31.0 27.0 27.0
Oe dee Cease SE Se eS aCee | 40 45.0 38.5 25508 || ol ee eters aaa tei 60 34.5 28.5 19.0
Oh Sos See ROS Seb | 40 42.0 34.0 TSR OMe are ye Nee eee 60 22.5 21.0 13.5)
TD eee Ome Ce nee 27a MATAR ease al) DONG) lise oy ae ee 60| 385} 33.0] 24.0
CBS ee Aes 2 eee eae 33 48.5 47.0 SoS OU elon oe eee ae 55 43.0 36.5 22.5
27 ee BanessoPR MOR Rall (CP Med Gicss. oe do seed 60: 19.5) 185} 7.0
CV ee el ea Se ers DN TORY bull MOIe OM Seyi 8.22. ent: 60!|| 1930.1 1650:|) C2)
MR eo. Pfc Boe MACON 30s) (Pe BOK Ree eee een ee 60r|) “2%5)|| 23,03) 145
ol oe Ae SCRE ee 40 37.5 32.0 AO 20 aecmscciseces as ae 60 29.0 22.5 14.5
20 SOs eAANON el 98: Onli DOO SOEs .c 22s oo 3 oso 55| 27.5] 27.0] 15.0
CU eee oS eee 34 43.5 38.5 Zorn | RASmces nena secs 55 18.0 17.0 5.5
Average. ..... hag saree 40.7 35.0 28.0 Averagresce se Nea. se 28.7 24.9 17.0
Minimum....|.....- 29.5] 28.5] 15.0 Minimum....|...... 18.0| 16.0 5.5
Maximum <. |bs.50- 48.5 47.0 32.0 Maximum: 22/2 2-22. 43.0 36.5 27.0
388
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Ill. Inpran Aputts—Continued
[ BULL. 34
TaBLE 7.—TZests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(i) PIMA—Continued
FEMALE
Pressure. Pressure.
Record no. | Age. Right | Left | tion. mecor a 20: Age-| Right | Left | om
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 40 to 50 years
| |
AR ees eee See 27) 2055") 1650 SHOW Ol see nae scene ene 50") 60) 1850) zee
G7ameas eee 58 5-08 288 2650) ead tose elOnon||50 see seers eee: 50 | 25.0] 21.5] 10.0
GSt ene fot tosh se BN nl) TOO) | EOHING Rese eo ee aie iGO a
TSU a iek sae Coes 290 S210!) 925) | O40} hCG eae sence eee 50} 15.0] 15.5 6.0
[eee ee Don 27E0)||. 2A |e cakes | eo eens ety ere. 50| 260] 21.5| 8.0
7 sci aa 8 Ue SO" 2340/25, Sula paDNON 74tase cee aemee 45| 20.5] 17.0 | 9.0
MDa re Sosa ae 28 19.0 15.0 8.0 |
> AAVOTALC Ee sta|a..-25 YE Ks al | 8.0
INSEE Sees baasee 23.6 19.7 10.7 Minimum: 22|b2-22- 15.0 15.0 6.0
Minimum(\-<22)22-- 2. 19.0 15.0 8.0 Maximum e|sane 26.0 21.5 10.0
Maximum..../4. 1.4: 2050.1 245 14.000 I
Age: 30 to 40 years
Ly Be san ean Pe 40} 23.5] 21.5] 10.0 Age: 50 to 60 years
OB aso See est eee 40 22.0 21.5 7.0 |
OF ars eee ae cee 40 18.5 19.5 12.5
GORSS Jae ee oe 35 20.5 22.0 11.0
O22 artes seer 40 16.5 18.5 15.5
65 See Sen ee cee 40 19.0 16.0 5:03 || O22ec.ctagaeaccoeecse 55 13.0 17.0 5.0
(le etre aoe ar ees 35 20. 5 19.5 fe OUIMBSS = oe te onc ben eer 55 20.0 1315 2.0
dp ee ee en errs aoe 40 23.0 16.5 i SHE eae ceeeecsoccose 55 11555 11.5] 5.0
MD ieee tarceie Sees 35 21.5 19.5 920)! "6k ae see ae eee cee 55 20.0 W725 5.0
CAC sien eles ee 33 25u 23.0 21OFil| (SOS eee eaten set eee 55 17.0 TSAO AS
AVGrager c.5 3} =<. 21.1 19.8 10.9 AAVCTALC. 2c -|e-ooae Thiel 14.9 | 5.7
Minimums. 2|25..2- 16.5 16.0 5.0 Minimum... 2)... 1350s) eats) 2.0
Ma ximimrl- sae" 2535 23.0 21.0 Maximum 232 ~--- 20. 0 W7e5: 11.5
HRDLICK A] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 389
IL. Inpran Apdutrs—Continued
TaBLE 7. Zests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(j) CORA
MALE
(" . Pressure. | | Pressure.
: SS | es ‘ Trac-
Record no. Age.| Right | Left | tion. Record no: Age.| Right | Left | tion.
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 40 to 50 years
De ae eee Sa gha Aan) + 920 |= BOSON |W is we See eck 45| 32.5] 29.0] 20.0
Shit 2 ies aes GMMR AST OU | ols Ol) 2080) ||bebrs one ae ee eee 50| 345] 28.0] 15.5
G0 Syst Ree eee SOefrmsse0) | S254) 2005: Aes xcieen ace. dae 50] 31.0] 20.5] 23.5
Qos ci eee O7aleeraIAOul 33e50ll 2660) || bea se eeee eee 50| 30.0) 29.5 19.5
THRs 22 ae ete Sop eAONOUIE SSUOr | 2 QTM Lees see ane: nose ee 48] 245] 24.5 16.0
Th ce alae A AMO) SEO, BLO Wetes ss eee a eee 50] 34.0| 245] 21.0
DSI A Aan ae ee 22 B15 28.5) 18.5 HES ie Bee oe De ae eee 50] 345] 32.5] 25.0
DAS oe arte area PEN ge OsNO Ins V22400 | CI SLOW 2ac. «skeen dete 450183620) |) 32) On) 1985
Ol the Tee Ee OY SPV Py lh mls ):|| eae eee eae oeneeees 45| 29.0] 20.5| 12.0
Ot AS 5 Sar Po ees Dial 130950|| 2750]! S20) (RSO 452 52-225 once acts 50| 30.0] 30.0; 18.5
DG ae arene DI ESSNON SOOO 22245 7||PS72 aaa ees oe seer 48 -S4kOul" SiLOn|) 62250
SINE ee GE Se de SOME OON OM ee OSe5y | maa] SO) ||pase ee as sac ans ceeeee AS) 3850)|) 21-01) 1820
Alpen ese tere Ph xe DSi MESON Ope ols ba lets ON NSOle melee teers SOse M27bel V28sOulm 1880
ADT fa I DE ||) SW ||, SYR. SVG Cot Re Re oe ne 50| 36.0] 28.5) 19.5
Ape erate oe ee 24s RAosOneeezbe arin, 2055))|| 42s. 2- Ses dons wee oe BORe a310%|) 2 26505\0) 1740
BOR Wes tac ee 23 ATO |) BYE |) GEO |hea5eens-osucsneseee BOM 3ONO) ote Orln (G2)
| | AQ). 5, Dhaene 2s 1 45 29.5 23.0 12.5
IAVETASC =a. -|52o5 2 35.1) 30.9 21.2 ee
Minimum. ...|...... 28.5} 22.9] 13.0 Average.....|-..-.. $1.6) 26.4} 18.8
Maximum: = 1.22522 41.0 38.0 32.0 Minimum....|.. Boe 24.5 20550) at20
= Maximum sen: cocac 36:00) Bd255 25.0
Age: 30 to 40 years
Age: 50 to 60 years
TY a copies | 230 = S600 275 1. 1950
Qe matte ote 28 HeecAOui Ge SN a 21 O.l c 1d Onl 7e eee see et 55| 30.0| 20.0} 14.0
Ai ener: pepe fate 38 36.0 33.0 SOUS IONS SS ees ee 60| 245] 12.5) 15.5
TMi Rear seek eae SEH | eeetie On eer SSi sal) s25sOulliel Qe eee ean ee leeS5rly S4.5ue 2780 17.0
OR ene ee Se 2 rsd mest SOnie mncOsae| e210 200s eee te ee 605}, 2955, |= 23755) 1250
CORN EC aS eet Se phi 35 | (2) DEFOR eG NON 2Tee eee ee tae Babi VS5aOn ee O8N5 4) 2840
SO). OSE a eae ee Sheer soe 5 es SO OMe BOTAO! |S 4a masse kes 2. oe 60| 30.0/ 25.5 | 15.0
iN), 2 a dee BG) ls ASIEN SONY |e eGalal ad ICY a aera ta ae 65| 29.0] 26.0] 13.0
AS NE Pe By Bee OG Ne TSG iil ea seeeanasaanee Boel oleOnle 2450) |) 1255
ASV CTA PO oye =o i= |S-eisict> 33.6 29.0 20. 1 IAVCLA RO amen acece 30. 4 3.4 15.3
Minimum....|....-- 26.5 | 21.0] 11.0 Minimum....)...... 24.5 | 12.0
Maximum...|...... 41.0 38.5 27.0 Maximum’: e\ fc. a6 Bolle 2 23.0
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
III. Inpran ADULTS
Continued
[BULL. 34
TasBLe 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(j) CORA—Continued
FEMALE
| Pressure. z | | Pressure.
f —— -| Trac- || ==> Trac-
Record no. Age. Right | Left | tion. | Record no. Age. Right | Left GiGi
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 30 to 40 years—Continued
Bie Peta he oe Payee rs ae 30 20.5 19.5 AGRO Rts eee, See Se 40 19.5 15.5 10.5
Dedtacco 5 eee eae wees 20 27.0 26.5 18.0 a
Ck Ben 25 21.5 22.0 9.0 AV CTA CS eaten. ilo 2.0.21 41.0 18.7 | 7.0
pret 5 Naheant et eS 98| 19.5 17.5 8.0 || Minimum... .|...--- 19.0 15.5 | 4.5
Maximum~-= - |). 2-22 24.5 22.5 10.5
AVCTAZe). 22. a2 52-1. - 22. 1 41.4 12.5
Mintimum sees 19.5 17.5 8.0 Age: 40 to 50 years
WEpaheolbhohs AA eoeses 27.0 26.5 18.0 FE
(0 ee eestor res 50 18.5 15.0 7.5
Oneveee Coen asses 45 29.0 33.0 15.5
Age: 30 to 40 years | ons
. ase Poe evar ate 45| 21.0] 20.5! 11.5
| AWV@LALC: a eno2 |b nese 22. 8 22.8 11.6
Wegac Secs eae cites | 35 19.0 18.0 6.0 Miriam eel =e 18.5 15.0 7.5
se ae See SDH) eoaeul/: 2255 4.5 Maximum....|.....- 29:0.|' * 33:00] "15s
real. | |
(k) TARASCO
MALE
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 20 to 30 years—Continued
pestle al |
f (See eS oR 30 32.0 21.0 DSS Ol poOee oreo. assests | 23 | 33.0 29.5.| 19.5
WOKS sias fear eeeet a 25 29.0 26.5 IRIS er ete erecta oe | 24 | 30.0 30.5 20.0
Wissen Seeeentt estan 23 31.5 29.0 AS OMS 7igaet eae corte | 26) 31.5 27.0 16.0
1D ee SEERA oRareecte 24 2.5 32.5) 33.0 || 38......--.-......-- 24 | 34.5 28.0 20.5
MQ) Pr iictn seen el es 27 40.5 SER Uae allo meeeee coscconod ae 25| 42.5 35. 5 | 21.5
2) oe eee eee 24 33.0 29.0 2340) |S4lene eee seers 2639.5 30.5 17.5
DA ek ae eee 27 32.5 29.5 26.10) 42 ce Sees ee oe cer 27| 40.5 40.5; 23.5
OAS = BP Ae BBO Bae A 30 39. 5 36.5 2650 Waser acacia 28} 37.5 27.5 1 20:0
DOE Sees ace see cee aek 24 37.0 QSNOn| © Lnabn| Paes 2 epee ee reser 23015 13280 29.0 14.5
0) Oe ae Seer a oe 26 38. 0 27.5 DAO) 48 erro e see reece ses Doni 1420 28.0; 10.0
BO eee ne eens 23 35. 0 32. 5 M5 ||| AD e seeeetacewemersas 30|- 41.0 40.0 31.5
SMa toh elec etic 22 38.0 | 30.5 25.5 cs
COME Pe epee 24 33.0) 30.0 25.0 ANVCTAR OL. cab ci is] 35.7 31.0 20. 2
Go Be ee kM oth | 24 44.5 43.5 28.0 Minimum... else eee) 29.0 21.0 | 5.0
Saint t) he eae 26 | (2) 32.0 16.0 Maximum. ...|...... 44.5 43.5) 33.0
|
a
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS B91
II. Inpran Aputtrs—Continued
TABLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(k) TARASCO—Continued
MALE—Continued
Pressure. 5 Pressure.
—_—_—___—_——_ T'rac- =, (eS —————— | OTe
Record no. Age. Right | Left | tion. Record no. Age. Right | Left | tion.
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 30 to 40 years | Age: 40 to 50 years—Continued
Sa es ee eee 40 32.5 25.5 PAU Med ee oe, 4e ne RP 50 30.0 24.5 12.0
De SOF Osea oncets 40 29.0 27.0 TONED ateeeya reer deer: 50 31.0 30.0 14.0
Wont eee ke okies 37 24.0 23.0 123 Oe | | POS ea es ey sere be 50 24.0 29. 5 18.0
Cen Soe SoC aoe 33 31.0 32.5 17.0 j f =a
i eee 32|. 35.5| 23.0] 22.0 PO VORGESE oc See BeGo ee $2.0; 28.6) 16.7
ea re 33 AVIRA SRR 23.0) | waunut SE) aCeee 27.0 24.5 12.0
ZV mpc ee ee ae 38 36.5 33.5 32.0 Maximum oee|eoe see 34.5 32.0 23.0
G10) Bo ee he 34 31.5 28.0 iyo
Asyera yess alesse SorGH | 82a | 1858 Age: 50 to 60 years
Maniatis sales see 24.0 23.0 7.0 = a.
ee ; fae Pep eer 1 as i alee ge 55| 38.0] 29.0| 22.0
7 ; {Pill Se ace ee OER casos 65 24.0 18.0 19.0
ogee WelGietas ot & Ae. ase 60| 22.5] 17.0] 125
| I WWseesscteccusatoces 58 32.5 24.5 14.5
3-22-22 sees eee e ee Soabeise || (28 OE LoS ergek vn 60| 20.5] 180 4.0
BD PRR Sn aos nos sis 50)| 34.5 31.0 18.0
Lis eet a eee ears 50 33.0 32.0 23.0 ASVOTAZO! <5). =,-)2 esac a7.6 e158 1h. 4
Beem sesetes Gece 46 32.5 24.5 19.5 Minimtm: se s|h- =. -e 20. 5 17.0 4.0
[SSRN Ss nn ae 50 27.0 29.0 13215 Maximum: -. 2... .2. 38.0 29.0 22.0
FEMALE ‘
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 20 to 30 years—Continued
, i wt
re Aaa ae ae Rea e eres 28 19.5 19.5 NGA (Ol Ie Aes cerita, Hosein Sear es 26; 24.0; 23.0 Tao,
a TREY see eat | 30] 25.0] 21.5 TEAi lige sse es aie Rees ss 28} 145] 10.5 1.5
le 3 SABE aaneRaeae | 25 16.5 11.5 3.0 || |
il sade 2 ee EN 28 20.0 13.5 2.0 Cras? boLsenloeeone 21.1 | 17.3 5.6
CL ere 26 21.0 19.5 6.0 || ou Sodlbsecad 14.5 10.5 1.5
oo 30 28.0 19.0 5.0 Maximum. -2|.-.--- 28. 0 23.0 12.0
392
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Ill. Inp1an Aputts—Continued
[ BULL. 34
TABLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(k) TARASCO—Continued
FEMALE—Continued
| Pressure. Pressure.
: Trac- Trac-
yee ecl ilo: | Age. Right | Left | tion. Record no. Age. Right | Left | tion.
| hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 30 to 40 years Age: 40 to 50 years—Continued
Anarene. Oe 85 [ys Se-Btle 0140 lth 9390; [80 soe ek See eee 45 | °20:5)| =1720))) — aap
AL Arash ah ae ae he SONS OR O'| gaa No AO ABA Was tee eee ers 45| 27.0] 195| 55
ere Ue ets A Penabs\ tc b |: S580 fling. COMBE ee et a eae ne nee 50.) 18/15") a0 | oe
set nae ete eE 38} 220] 19.0] 9.0] ae
SE eee 32| 220]. 200] 95 ease aes aa ea | ae
hc A oe, SD 35 29.5 16.0 7.0 Minimum =-2-|2-----| 13.5 9.5 | 2.0
| i | 9 |
RR ee ae) 32| 24.5 20.0 12.0 Miaximiuimebons| eae oee 27.0 19.5 5.5
Vas sear oete che 35 25.0 24.5 6.5
B eects sisters cree oe i 38 22.5 16.0 10.0
§ -----+-------------- 40) 15.5 11.5 7.0 Age: 50 to 60 years
Average Pee en Een eA 20.9 17.4 7.9
Minimam See \e|2 oe 14.5 11.5 2.5 |
Maximum....|....-. 25.0 24.5 MN 2MOY Ge. cec eee eres 60 11.0 7.5 1.5
TA Site cote eee 55 18.0 13e5 4.5
Age: 40 to 50 years Porenaoscessnassecct | -s Ta 13.0 250
toe Wasco sense secre | 60 18.5 14.5 555
Siege a ebb Same | 55] 140] 13.5 4.0
Dit icen teense osc esee 50 14.5 9.5 2.0 |
Comat hae esi 50| 160] 1.5! 30 Average......|...--- 16.2| 12.4 | 3.5
ema oe Ase aset eh cee DOL 2285 16.5 2.0 Minimumesec|eee-e- 11.0 165 | 1
Keene Soe acre po ch ae 45 17.0 15.5 4.0 Maximum....|...... 18.5 14.5 | 5.5
(1) OTOMLI
MALE
Age: 20to 3 years Age: 2) to 39 years—Continued
Dine sate mire eor se je 23 | 39.0 33.0 2020! OVS Sn. coats seems 24 34.0 20.5 18.0
Lot SER roe Saeed 22 33h5 29.0 TOR ONWAQ HC So Ao ec ae 28 33.0 30.0 17.5
LO Sra Sas eae es 26 32.0 32.0 22504 ASE 72 a ee eee ee 25 32.0 29. 5 20.0
pie ae A een ares 22) Ne 26KON|| ms 2480))|eenlibes z
| l. yy 7)
ete i eI Ds 26| 360] 32.0] 23.0 Average.....-/--...- Bot eeeaneale bala
nae an
EV ROL ouRAe eh ero oe 93) 35.0 30.5 18.0 Se Bod leqeaac 26.0 24.0 11.5
Bee ete ee wy 24 | 26.0 24.5 16.0 Maximum....)...-.- 39.0 33.0 23.0
HRDLICKA]
: DI és s—Continuec
Til. Inp1an ApDuLTs—Cont 1
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
TaBLe 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(Ll) OTOMI—Continued
MALE—Continued
393
| Pressure. | Pressure.
Record no. Age. | Right | Gow ice | Record no. | Age. Right Left | ee
| hand. | hand. | | hand. | hand.
Age: 30 to 40 years Age: 40 to 50 years—Continued
| |
1G See Pais oe Orage 38] 30.0] 24.5 | IC NEC A ee oe | 50! 26.0 | 19.0 7.5
lid A aly hae ee 40} 39.0} 30.0] 245 | : | aa ae a
it Le ea 33 39.0 | 29. 5 | 18.0 AVeTage. --'--|.--.-. wlel | 25.7 14.8
it Low wk oe ae 34 34.5 34.0 | 24.0 Mimimitim 22 .5|2- =. 19.0 | 17.0 7.5
oo ees 35 35.0 34.01 21.5 Maximum: <--|-...-- | 31.5 31.0 22.0
GO ues See eee nee ail | SERS BORE PAC : |
Average...... nel, 34.8 30. 4 | 1.6 Age: 50 to 60 years
Minimum....|...... 30.0) 245] 145)
Maximum... . O10) 84208 O70: |! den ee eee 2 Stl) 6Onk" 3045) — 24505) NC?)
Dae eos Sasi De 60! 285] 340] 21.0
Fe BPs “ie Pare, eee hep ee 60| 31.5] 265] 110
Oe ie & Sone A ot | 59] 19.0| 23.0 2.0
Age: 40 to 50 years Leet ey ee, 55| 28.0] (2) (2)
1 eee as eee 1 BSS BERO 29.0 1535,
ts eet eae | 60] 165/| 15.0 5.6
Whi pasate et ep 60| 25.0] 23.5] 105
eee CEN LE OA STi Ae IC ane ee eae | $260:|~ 21-0) "200° %5:0
6.2.22. 22222 ee eee SOy Eero On|) eS Ole V2OION Wo gine a=, | eo} 1901 220] 85
10...-------.------- PO esol eae D Il TOU bog. tte as 56| 28.5] 21.5] 180
IOs SG Boog uGeeeeehe peace] ek RU Oe 2 |b era 60] 26.0] 190] 7.0
20... 2-2-2222 222+ EG LN aE SU cet eras 58| 26.0| 280] 140
Dis col etna eae See zo CACO Me OSC tgs sit ae ani 50 | 98.0| 92.5 7.0
Ne a a, SOR ele Pere OsU) eraesO) i= LEO) yo) ee se 5s5| 345] 300! 155
TH lo her hier Re SA = ABMs 26. Ono 2120"/s AIO Kayes Bee | he Goh sadolls Sol oto
BGR eteth. ee SOMES ZE Bs 2650) | 4-220) fe oo rh 55| 95.51 20.0 9.0
SNS si cM oe alm gs | SO SQN) SRAON = abies pale
AN Seoset ens aos Sask | 42 26.0 23.0 10.5 AV OTAP OS seeslececiee 26.1 23.7 11.3
ADO Se Sciam Sas area | 48 31.0 2TA5 13.5 Minimum.....|...... 16.5 15.0 5.0
AG Soot ctmece secs | 45 28.0 | 30.0 15.5 Maximum..-..|.....- 34.5 34.0 21.0
a ! | “ |
FEMALE
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 20 to 30 years—Continued
| Ae oe See || TSLO | TeRs BONIS eee cee eect ae 251 | 22380) 2055.) 1880
(Os: ae eRe Te 30) een 2495i|| ee 2120) 1220 2
ee Oa 25 19.0 16.5 8.0 ACL BS Oleaee ee meriee al. 4 18.8 9.8
Gees. Se oe i © 26 24.0 24.0 10.0 Minimums =~ seeeee 13.0 12.5 5.0
A Vie eee aS 30 25.0 18.0 ll. 0 Maximum RE een Sees 50 17.0 13.5 10)
AVOTA ZO: -:2fajc)| =) saa: 17.4) 15.4 list! AR Bote cent 45 15.01 13.5 7.0
Minim me eee|eesee = 11.0 8.0 2.0 pe
Maximum....|....-. 23. 5 21.5 13.0 AWWOT AS Cs see na e/eraae 17.7 15.2 6.1
| Minimums sale eoaa- {4.0 9.5 2.5
Age: 40 to 50 years Meximiume ss 4| eee ose 24.5 22.0 11.0
(Cai Sendeescos 5505" | 50 20. 0 18.5 3.5 Age: 50 to 60 years
Gia SaeeeotooseStoe | 45) 14.5 13.0 4.0
| Oe ee gee AN ea) 17.0 12.0 5.5
ae ee oh een oe hoel y 1SI0H, TBO." TOL || re as sseee eee eee | bb) Gr5)|) 1255) emmaas
|
(m) AZTEC
MALE
|
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 20 to 30 years—Continued
Bisse Bee eSEneenanoe 24 27.0 24.0 TS Ol\esosoe cance cesses 29 26.0 23.5 20. 5
AMC ies ote se 26 27.5 24.0 2650 || NWOLS ee os saies Seite 30 27.5 18.5 12.0
bce Meseth puna Rene 29 (?) 33.0 ZOD IO SE Se ee wees Cee 28} 35.5 33.5 27.0
Berge eee Ie nas mealire | 28 29. 5 29. 5 20) OW R8G ae. ec See Oe ee 22 28.0 | 26.5 29.5
1 ee eee ee | 28 29. 0 28.0 ZOO RST occ soe ececes 26 30.0] 30.5 20. 5
DEE eRe os Eoeetecs 30 34.5 32.0 D220 hi 885— 42 -cisscase sts see 28 36.0 30.5 21.0
IV (ee teeta See mere 28 35. 0 32.0 DBO || FBO x = oS eres ese nee 20 30.5 24.5 12.0
1 Pee Sree See | 29 29. 5 24.5 TOW). || POSzrsre sects oe marshes 25 37.5 27.5 21.0
CHIN SESS Renee ROMER PAY 1G) 26.0 20.0 cocgpiessen ar
een eee 30| 320] 250] 18.0 BOARS eo teat ps el Migs
Sauls ear iee toes ba! 24 36.5 31.0 26.0 Een wee cleseeee 26.0 18.5 12.0
FT ee he IR be 29 30.5 29.5 16.0 Maximum. <2 =|: --- 37.5 33.5 29. 5
-- — = | =
GF OAT TREN) OF ATTN IBY
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
III. Inpian ApDuLtTs—Continued
TABLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
(m) AZTEC—Continued
MALE--Continued
395
| | Pressure. Pressure.
= Trac- : Hecate sell paar
Record no. Age. Right | Left | tion. Record no. Age. Right | Left | tion.
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 30 to 40 years Age: 40 to 50 years
|
11 er hare Ae ete AO eats | 20854] ey TOF OHNO St 288 oe tates 50 | 20.5] 20.0! 12.0
Meee ee lst, Oe os Neeson lieeee4 son 1325 | ZCI | UE esses aes See ee 45| 34.0] 31.5] 23.0
OEE eer on oacteanae SiS] (PB ES(Od he Sesh Gil). oile8 Gyaltsen a aeer eee ADA 2055) 23 Olle divas
(Pie sae Wee AGT Name aDe cst MPO U EN SQ YON 2fey Sa Slee | 45] 25.0] 19.0] 12.0
1D, he Seen eee BB | TOG PEO), ERO Ue Wedectce sesnaeaenee 50 | 24.0 16.5 7.5
TO cae BSCeSee RAAT SBF |/ 8 SERN | 8 BORON Ural li enone Seen oe keen 45] 38.5] 35.5 12.5
110) occ eee Ee mene eS eee SON ON me520)i i130 40) es ee eee ee 450) 173250)\| 2180) |) 913820
DDS AS, ah nr are 40.) 30:0) 22.0) 11.0) 52...........-...2.. 50 | 26.5| 23.5] 13.0
| |
TE it See ae | 40] 23.5) 25.5 19.5 | aaa alae a
24 | 40! 27.5 26.5 15.5 Average. .....|.....-. le 2276: 23.8 13.8
41 35 17.0 18.0 10.0 | Minimum: — oj -_5-- 20.5 16.5 7.5
42 38 24.0! 22.0 7.0 Maximum. ...|.....-. |) kkG 35.5 23.0
ss ots Soe eae 32| 25.5) 21.5] 10.0] = ==
SG te" te a 35| 25.5| 23.0] 12.0 Age: 50 to 60 years
AR ARO an ous St yh 2 AON p25) 2S ON OV ON i eh On 55 | 292.51 21.0 7.
ry €
50.22... e sees eee en aed Ose NR SON. Who ke See «aan 55 | 27.5 | 260: 130
BD) 9 2
Billo csecedospauceaad| 35 29. 0 27.5 29.0 geo lem eae 5 SL 55 23.0 21.5 12.0
| FR 2 lee isaeeal| Re eee
SIE Peake iia ees secee pare | Average. .....|...-.. 24.3| 22.8| 10.8
Minimum....|-..-.. FC ea Minimum....|...... 92.5| 21.0| 7.5
: 5 |
Maximum....|...... PS ial a eae | Maximum....|...... 27.5| 26.0| 13.0
396
.
BUREAU. OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Ill. Inpran Aputts—Continued
[BULL. 34
TABLE 7. Tests of muscular strength, in kilos—Continued
e 9 2
(m) AZTEC—Continued
FEMALE
| Pressure. Pressure.
= era c= —| Trae-
Record no. Age Right | Left | tion. Record no. Age. Right | Left | tion.
hand. | hand. hand. | hand.
Age: 20 to 30 years Age: 40 to 50 years
9 : ‘
SHOE Cottey ee 23 oa 13.5 2.0 trea 45 13.5 8.0 | = 0
eeanet cee sees 30 23.5 18.0 Tao) ergot hs 2c 50 16.0 14.0 | Es
SRS ey peas arp Pie pad sh8 ae Suh cutee ee 50] 180] 12.5 6.5
peg Pe er i oe paca Mb ; Meer tee eee 50| (2) 14.0] 2:5
Sigee Fae me mi = = afl cw toc teeheosa een 50.) 13.5-| 15:00|, soa
CAA eS US Asean vi Wye) 16. a Oi Shey Caio 45 16.0 14.0 40
Qe. ---2+---- 222-22 28} 20.0 16.0 Di leree” (kyo e, _ eee sene 50| 11.0 9.5 mone
Te iieee eee ae aoe 27 19.0 16.5 4.0
Unin@eercacdases shoe 29 18.0 18.0 2.0 || INVeTHeess ees | ce ace 14.7 12.4| 3.9
Wecsconsbascoacasons 30 16.5 14.0 2.0 Minimum....|....-+ 11.0 8.0 2.0
\/SEcEa nee Sos neeeosce | 28 15.0 14.0; 2.0 Maximum....|....-- 18.0 15.0 | 1.5
AVELAges. - 222 S0cem| 17.4) 15.7 | 4.6 fi
Minimum —Pee | pees 1255 9.5 2A0
MarximUmines «|ses-5- 23.5 18.5 13.0
Age: 30 to 40 years Age: 50 to 60 years
eee eo 2 40} 19.0] 16.0] 3.0
C2 A ine eee 40| 19.0] 165] 40
1 Ba et See See reese 33 13.5 8.5 2.0
ie Soa Una aese a soee a | 32 10.0 Shows - 1250
DCS ree ee ener ae 35 12.5 10.5 207 |l\ Jee == semeeeenserciet 55 15.0 13.5 3.0
YF eS aa eae ) 40 15.0 14.0 (ea olsnehS cis asec aacios 55 13.5 13.5 | 5.0
ZL Bite ne een sees = 32 16.0 13.0 11. ON (SF aea- nce aa sete 55 13.0 | 13.0) 4.0
Average. .....|-..--- 15.0 12. 4 4.5 Average. ... =. eee 13.8 13.3 | 4.0
Minimum....|.....- 10.0 8.5 2.0 Minimum. ...|..-..- 13.0 13.0 | 330
Maximum. ...}....-- 19.0 16.5 11.0 | Maximise ee 15.0 TSS 5.0
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 397
Til. Inpran AvduLtrs—Continued
TABLE 8. Data pertaining to grayness
(2) APACHE
MALE
No || Few No | Few
gray gray Advancing grayness. gray gray Advancing grayness.
hair | hairs. hair. || hairs.
Noa| Age) No.a| Age No.u Age Degree. No.a| Age} No.a|Age | No.a| Age Degree.
Que le24y||99.-| 45. |New. tah 402 ;|' 28:illo.-2% Pea eka ee p
riya | al | ies 46..| 28 ||....- aaa
33..| 24 || 36.-| 55 |]... Ake 4OE 28! Wace oi Meal has ee
CRE | eee beet | ea bea BBS 20K (is Beat cet =
a | | eee tao | Poe rece | ees aan aber
| 2) | eee eee Were Le >a es | ee ese sealee<
Ee) 03 | eae mA 5 ae 32:21) SOAll ce bacelist au
Tyee ko een ated Lae ADS 30a le elise lll .) (60: || AS bionw tthe esis) “45 Wass 8 elle
| fourths gray. C0) at ba Jl I eh |
B72 | 24all's 225o| seer | 22.. 60 | Moderately gray. 49.21/45 Wese2 ee
1 (Ere es Ve | 34... 60 | Many gray hairs. (V7 Ase eee eee [eo
Ital 23h boone tosoleaeerlsoce Sls =| 48all eens ena eeess
7a 7d es ees, | eral eae lA eee |
Beet? atll Peeee| Bere | eee Bowe 15.1.1/50 ||| ceealee2-\le-cae
Agel eet lee pete | essai 3621502828 |----||/-----
(Secs Ileal ese | eae le ses A= OO U|Soane See | eles
AOE S2 || Saerre rectal esietetaltesione AGE SON ae ele tral stat erere
FEMALE
| teal eae
Cee |e2out Dice 20, d..| 50} About one-halffh..| 35 /|..... bee Apa pase
| gray. jic-=| 40) || Soeetsles- eI |- cea ane
Pe UB e = Pee fa ge Ciel he'll Rega [ee ee ro
Cea Geel | eeoee ace | epcoes eet Poso|N45i|loese lo iccellis,sce| see
Tes fed ees eee eee lee a
a Individual record numbers.
[BULL. 34
405
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS
Il. Inpran Aputrs—Continued
TABLE 8. Data pertaining to grayness—Continued
(l) OTOMTI
MALE
No || Few | No Few
gray gray | Advancing grayness. gray gray Advancing grayness.
hair. hairs. |! hair. hairs.
NoalAge No.) Age} No.1|Age Degree. No.a/ Age) No.a Age No.a Age Degree.
4_..| 22 || 40..| 28 || 16../ 50 | Moderately gray. 30..| 34 || 14..] 58 || 23..| 60 | About one-third
32..| 22 || 13.-| 38 || 36..| 50 do. gray.
oeea|peo: || 62.) 45. | 37..| 52 | About one-sixth J 49..| 35 || 8...] 59 || 24..| 60 do.
i | gray. ROE WSS Lace bese 28..| 60 | About two-fifths
By Sel) PR} | 27 48 || 11..| 55 | About one-fourth gray.
| | gray. 20 640) le ene | eee 2 60 | About one-half
35..| 24 || 5...) 50 | 47..| 55 | About one-third gray.
ie | gray. Dieelll Aliaescessl eas | 1...| 60 | About two-thirds
39..| 24 || 10..| 50 || 42..| 55 | About one-half gray.
| gray. 7 (a7 | a ae 7...| 60 do.
43..| 25 || 20..| 50 |! 26..| 56 | Moderately gray. [9...| 45 |I.....|...- | 18... 60; About three-
19..| 26 | 3g. 50 || 31..| 58 | About one-third fourths gray.
gray. OP) Nae GA eee 44... 60 | Moderately gray.
33. -| 26 || 48..| 50 || 15-.) 60] About one-fifth } 46..| 45 ||.....)....||--.--
gray. Calc oll one aoe | Sone
29..| 33 || 12..| 55 || 17..| 60 | About one-third
gray. | |
FEMALE
| | ] = =
k...| 24 || a...] 35 || b...| 35 | Moderately gray. g...| 30 || w.-| 45 || c...| 50 | Mostly gray.
eal oe | °-- 35 || i...) 45 do. u...| 30 || h...| 50 |] r...| 55 | About one-half
p-..| 25 || j.--| 40 || n...| 45 do. | gray.
v..-| 25 || e...| 45 || x ..| 50] About one-third] s...) 35 ||....- d...| 60 | Mostly gray.
; | ; gray. Wiese 2 Sle osee Seee lasers
q..-| 26 || m..| 45 || 1...| 50 | About two-thirds | y...| 45 ||...../....||.....
| | gray.
(m) TARASCO
MALE
31..| 22 || 48..| 25 || 1...| 35 | Moderately gray. | 37..| 96 ||.....|_...||.....|....
11..| 23 || 45..| 32 || 18..) 50 | About one-sixth | 41.-| 26 ||...../....]/.....
gray. 1 eel eal Bean Saeea ese
30..| 23 |) 40..) 33 || 4...) 50 | Moderately gray. DAN ee 2 (cal eae | peel tress
35..| 23 || 3... 45 || 5...) 50 do. AD OTA lates aleca do ee
44. _| 23 || 28..| 50 || 21..| 50 do. J Ce allez4s0 lleca0| kaetoe|loaare
ela ee 24 [lees 58°) 225 | 60 do. fee Re esac) sera | eon
20..| 24 |] 16..| 60 || 6...| 60 do. Oriel 30 || rsa ba le
26..| 24 ||.....|....|| 18.-| 60 | Mostly gray. 492 SO) Seaha |e oaciieoeee aac
Oza |e24) |I5<< = c|5—-| 1525) (65, About one-fifth 9 46.-| 33) ||. --2.|-.--\|----|----
| gray. EON Rees Sa) | Fe Eo a re ee
33..| 24 ||..... | 45..| 32 | Exceptional.? Die ca earl eal eee Bes
SOE P24 IL = = eae Padre SY (leer ||scael [leans See
$80. | 24 ||... i: ae AMA GR) uealeailee a © 2
HKD) 53||\ ANE eeelseeel|leasee a sealler Ole eee Sec Ie eee nee
A) aI) Py Ree elec a soe 2 Se AON |S. otal cells. sob Sa
ZORA EZON |e ce'|eee oleae Cos fet. ase) eserel | acer (cree
oi te || 4S | [eee eee | I 23 | 506 lle cetrd|es=||e Soe lecer
@ Individual record numbers.
b A small tuft of grayish-yellow hair on left and in front.
406 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [run 34
III. Inpran ApuLtTs—Continued
TABLE 8. Data pertaining to grayness—Continued
(m) TARASCO—Continued
FEMALE
No || Few No Few |
gray gray Advancing grayness. gray gray Advancing grayness.
hair. hairs. hair. hairs. ||
Noa Age} No.a Age) No.a Age Degree. No.a| Age No.a'Age | No.a Age Degree.
i Dalene] 132 jel 50 | Somewhat gray. v2 (30) | Leen ee =| (See oer
26i}|\Bies/4|ea0%)| are. 00 do. eye | lees |----]] acre Beyer
z...| 26 || y...| 35 |] x...| 55 | About two-thirds J t...| 32 |]......... |e pee
| | gray. €---) OD: S-eeclnear | pore
f 28 || n...| 38 || m..| 55 | Somewhat gray. SRS ads | Beet Seal leben
1...) 28 |] k...| 45 | g _.| 60 | About one-eighth J B...| 38 |/.....|.... Hsien he
| gray. Sees (40) ese Bee (Seen chee
y 28 e...| 50) w..| 60 | Somewhat yellow- | 0 ADB: |e iest| ieceine
| | ish gray. Bl 3) CGF ||, ae poke
see |S) | eee iS P...| 60 | Mostly gray. 22 (50)! 5: Wes
(n) AZTEC
MALE
39... 20 | 32 | 29 || 12..| 40 | Somewhat gray. Ey Wea |e bal ftos Ana (See
36..| 22 || 4...| 35 |] 2...| 55 do. 40..| 30 ||....: SEA ae EA
3 24 || 16 35 || 11..) 55 | About one-third | 47..| 30 ||..--- leseellleaeee ose
| | | gray. LARS) |lecese (Bese 0 | ree bt
28..| 24 || 46..) 35 || 29..| 55 | About one-half | 43...) 32 |]... Bee |e -
| | gray. Cee Rac ait (eet ier | Sees
53..| 25 || 51..) 35 |) 31..| 55 do. 15 4) Sbnlle sees |eezel ese
eee) VR ele UN ee See ONES leased bacolesaee
37.-.| 26 || 24 ANNE Sei Oe AB Gitcaces |e ects ete
po tetas eeAs ye fiat: te fenes fee OnE se Qe P8Sh Ie 2 er leeeeleececl=ece
13, -|28, 205.) 95 I) 2.2. BNE ee || ame ee
fs s|) ss eAVeatec sl llSaes= SOLE) BSc occlee-steessc]aciee
35. .| 28 || 52..| 50 j]....- te | PAD eek ise scl
ST pose | eee -||--++= 22...) 40 |]....-|...-||----.|----
7 29 ||----- \|-==-- 44. .| AO! leecteclse cel stewie a sate
18 [20/522 -|22 0 | ee 260/.|""45. l[oe- |. - 2 Weeccel see
Oy elo leat es ieee YU Peale Gia | eee {ee elle ae <
aioe Rolle eke ieee al | ata al
Tate aos jee: (el ee AC
25... 30 eet eee B02 | 50) lescee seen leteae
FEMALE
a PRY Some | 45 | 1 | 50 | About one-third }| b | BF aeeuel eecell leanae
| gray. C233) 30)}(8-< 2 Fie Ja Mare
i 25 |, a...| 50 | p...| 50 do. 154/30 || Soe Saale st ms A
Gece | 20: |e. sen -.--|| V---| 50 | About one-half | k O27 | lPaaee Soe | eee
} | gray. Zin-| BI \eace 223 ae [ef j Pd
ree 27 || 1s see sal s...| 50 | Somewhat gray. ee F683. |Seaeelle etal acrac
Ges 28i| een! |.---|| w. | 50 do. Hee. |"35alce = ae BS a
Weel Z| lessee eeeallli} 55 | About one-fourth | x...) 35 |..... ptr || anes oe
} gray. oll 20) [ese cecliicoode
gz 295 aace | + 55 | About two-thirds ] e 40 WWeeealeeee|| eee |
| gray. Be0 | 400 shee eae |
t Pa jal ee ! n | 55 | Somewhat gray. m..| 45 eee Beall arc lee
a Individual record numbers.
Ate
a ’
}
es 's ee ne
£2 3 mariage kwpisgeeti Dunes
¢ “*
H
harm, fart
tree anes ste ete: hs Keita
oyu es
MA Ro teh es ee Ringe tm
1
}
its
i
|
a
at Satnha sae Bemme lay De teiha ks
| sem oo ser piety ss |
reckon
i Pa a
: my Le esp
get! az
Rabo i Oy |
eet rch i wihatones sanam ten Mill Bog panty stron radial, | ie Sn |
4 Ba phn te | Sta TOW eRe yy Shere fp . J. See
a est moaiule +p dah Boni Blind sawed yoo » offers
it He 1“ 7 hea prey “Dive yet | f Wwiphet ay oa YW AbD 4 ‘we
vi = emmy | he ; Nod paren at Se
“H pana W w. of 1 ae san tal ‘K.toctaelinsit wat I. Dee fatnteO) xipoke "eR
"7 7 i j
t= | etibesiet axa | See ee SAL 8 hoodna 248) bigs ; oa Recep > cena | Sar
moeiete Hf 1 ye ABO Seog st bik ani iT ‘Chenin Setaseley | a
ie Hatt Rh tanga ebsoun Gh 6 Siete %%
Cartilon at - Hatt 8 Jooday biattymng® fot ercpii a won tay [se y
Bae | Dirt greet | Heer ere ca nllatl A seoctirgn OTT yotheed® to ...., oye vy oe
ie | ehariiad >) if. THA 8 Conia mtd e | > (gordoat) xiobd | pW
~ . - . ! | ~
Be seta © citer ils Giles «> . ~TaAT 8 pica Loot) mort potlina teee,t) yunle i se
HE PA Marat) | 88... «tren thee TT ones vqilale’t *. a7 Set ta
‘Wel Aap oc... ... : pave y OAT E Yopege ahi ee TCU aul We “pinta U ee.
ao ( eee Mo ne TFs Sy A o> aR
aed 2.0") -. 019) Joong siwat mot Wo .0.. =< 4— ean AD te
PO ae “BT Yonmgn altnens | nalloW, cereal daltiiqenth | its
2S alle op
ees en a ana erage erties aoleayy ac, ee keep Ne
Mined furans : hire oeemate Seite nig |
halt 2's ‘|, 7 ae ieiciegh duatidarte bas qin)
TLS ts a ae vaiotihar) SoleriveMs logtiok augrt 10%
ie zatt X Laew ha 7 7
on BOM Hi wanaa igus
neni *
inkye ey wre
ROTA THA Th AdeOr Line :
Lhetih ats to ori Niryne Ae
Sane Caen aly ru he en
eee or
(.00b oupg Hal oT) 1B i
|
free een) a
e
i
nv
ae et Be
© *
ea
. oat ‘
Sree
dare sasha,
ee f
. atk 6 Joades nistvedacady
et maf
1TH,
ie |e Doct JOR a oe wants Sacon to Sort Hy loos at Depo rae
org
fe a
A he a are
al > ich, ial
" ben) sil
9 ates, Sissi peeeattci
vreviee etecee wey imma
rirerivsteseii eet ivay DE 7
‘ rete cree ent se dalled abate
445
AA ee ie a
i
(.athio 5 salads heetuets
A PES ovina
oe i Me
> Hae Obey
arr tal i
ioe
mae :
R= Gs = eee 5 ee
fe a eregieny
Onno :
ane ft
C. BIBLIOGRAPHY
The student of matters of physiological and medical interest
relating either directly or indirectly to the Indians will be aided by
a list of references to authors who have dealt with these subjects.
To render this list more serviceable a brief indication of contents is
appended to each title. The list has no claim to completeness; the
publications on the subjects considered in the present paper were
found to be widely scattered and it is certain that some have not
come to the writer’s attention.
ALCALDE, J. G. Recuerdos del americano aborigen. Gac. de san. mil., Madrid,
1884, x, 641, 673, 705, 737; 1885, x1, 1, 33, 65.
Nothing original. Data, résuméd from other works, deal in general with all the
Indians known to the early Spanish. Chapters on food and drinks; on medicine.
ALcocEeR, GABRIEL V. Catalogo de los frutos comestibles mexicanos. An. d. Mus.
nac. de Méx., Mexico, 1905, 2 ép., m1, no. 10 et seq.
Brief botanical references to and identification of Mexican fruits; with biblio-
graphical notes. Gives native names, but nothing further of importance to the eth-
nologist.
ALLEN, W. A. Indians immune to pyorrhcea. Items of Interest, N. Y., 1900,
XxX, 251-252.
Crow tribe. Has never found an Indian with pyorrhea alveolaris. Three illustra-
tions of Indian dental arches.
ANATOMY AND MEDICINE, preliminary remarks on the Indian notions of. School-
craft’s Arch., Phila., 1854, tv, 501-502.
Brief remarks on the subject.
ANDREWS, E. Military surgery among the Apache Indians. Chicago Med. Exam.,
1869, x, 599-601.
AnprRos, F. The medicine and surgery of the Winnebago and Dakota Indians.
Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc., Chicago, 1883, 1, 116-118.
Indian knowledge of anatomy; surgery; snake bites; diseases; treatment and reme-
dies.
Practice of medicine among the Winnebagos. Schooleraft’s Arch., Phila.,
1853, m1, 497-498.
Brief report on diseases, medicine-men, remedies, sweat bath.
AN EXPERIENCE among the red Indians. (From a correspondent.) Lancet, Lond.,
1904, 1, 611-12.
Relates an instance of effectual treatment by Manitoba Indians of the wounded
and inflamed arm of a white man.
BaxrGeErt, JAcos. Anaccount of the aboriginal inhabitants of the California peninsula.
Smithson. Rep. for 1863, 352-369, Wash., 1864; ibid. for 1864, 378-399, Wash., 1865.
Includes observations on physical traits, dwellings, dress, food, drinks, habits,
marriage, children, mental traits, diseases, cures, remedies.
407
408 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Baitey, E. H.S. The delicacy of the sense of taste among Indians. Proc. A. A. A.
Sci. 1893, xu, 311, Salem, 1894.
A short abstract. Tests made at Haskell by chemicals of different taste.
Banpewiger, A. F. Aboriginal trephining in Bolivia. Amer. Anthrop., Wash.,. 1904,
n.s., vi, 440-446.
Notes on the writer’s finds of trephined skulls, and on trephining practised by the
natives of Bolivia to this day.
Barrows, D. P. The ethnobotany of the Coahuilla Indians of southern California.
Chicago, 1900, 1-82.
Dwellings, foods, food plants, drinks, narcotics, medicines, diseases. A detailed
account of value.
Batista, P. Native midwifery in South America and Mexico. St. Louis Jour.
Homeeop. and Clin. Reporter, 1894-5, 1, 332.
Beui, R. The medicine-man, or Indian and Eskimo notions of medicine. Canada
Med. and Surg. Jour., Montreal, 1885-6, xtv, 456, 532.
Cree Indians: Notions on the subjects of medicine, medicine-men, treatment,
witchery, remedies, poisons, labor, surgery, sweat bath.
Eskimo: A few words only on diseases, treatment, and remedies.
Benepict, A. L. A medical view of the American Indians of the Northeast. Med.
Age, Detroit, 1901, x1x, 767-771.
Nothing original except a reference to a supernumerary tooth in an Indian skull
(p. 770), and a few remarks on bones.
Brsnoar, M. Medical customs of the Mexicansand Rocky Mountain Indians. Trans.
Colo. Med. Soc.,-Denver, 1897, 166-169.
A few remarks on Mexican physicians. Not a word on Indians.
Bisseii, G. P. Description of proceedings of the Clalam squaws of Puget sound, in
some cases of difficulty in accouchement. Cal. Med. Jour., Oakland, 1889, x,
227-228.
A few notes on labor, head deformation, and procedure of the Indians in a case of
abnormal delivery.
Boas, Franz. The Central Eskimo. 6th Rep. B. A. E., 1884-5, 399-669, Wash.,
1888.
Includes observations on dwellings, dress, food, habits, social life, parturition,
attention to the new-born, puerperium, medicine-men, treatment of diseases.
The doctrine of souls and of disease among the Chinook Indians. Jour.
Amer. Folk-Lore, Boston and N. Y., 1893, v1, 39-43.
A number of Chinook texts relating to the subjects expressed in the title.
Borven, W. C. The vital statistics of an Apache Indian community. Boston Med.
and Surg. Jour., 1893, cxx1x, 5-10; also Sanitarian, N. Y., 1893, xx x1, 224-237.
Statistics, for a period of five years, on Apache prisoners at Mount Vernon barracks,
Ala. Births, deaths, causes of death.
Boreer, W. ©. Peculiarities of American Indians from a physiological and patho-
logical standpoint. Maryland Med. Jour., Baltimore, 1880-1881, vm, 54-58.
Bourke, Joun G. The medicine-men of the Apache. 9th Rep. B. A. E., 1887-8,
443-603, Wash., 1892.
Treats of the subject in general, including many references to other writers. Medi-
cine-men and medicine-women, remedies, modes of treatment, fetishes; bibliography.
Distillation by early American Indians. Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1894, vu,
297-299.
Notes on native liquors, principally Mexican.
HRDLICK A] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 409
BoussENARD, L. Le ‘“‘médecin” chez les Peaux-Rouges de la guyane frangaise.
Rey. scient., Paris, 1883, xxxu, 656-658. Also Praticien, Paris, 1883, vr, 599-602.
Brewer, I. W. Tuberculosis among the Indians of Arizona and New Mexico.
N. Y. Med. Jour., N. Y., Nov. 17, 1906.
Tuberculosis among the school and reservation Indians in this part of the United
States.
Brinton, D.G. Left-handedness in North American aboriginal art. Amer. Anthrop.,
Wash., 1896, rx, 175-181.
Discussion as to the frequency of left-handedness among the Indians, based on the
evidence of their artifacts.
BucHanan, C. M. Some medical customs, ideas, beliefs, and practices of the Snoko-
mish Indians of Puget sound. St. Louis Cour. Med., 1899, xx1, 277, 355.
Observations on foods, habits, medicine-men, notions of disease, treatment of dis-
ease, knowledge of anatomy and physiology, causation of disease, remedies, sweat baths
and cold baths, poisons, twin birth, ideas of sexual and generative functions, menstrua-
tion, gestation, retained placenta, chastity. Treats mainly of the beliefs and customs
of the people in the above particulars.
Carr, L. The food of certain American Indians and their method of preparing it.
Proc. Amer. Antiq. Soc., Worcester, Mass., 1895; reprint, 1-38.
A general account, mainly of the eastern tribes. A large list of references to
earlier writers.
CHAMBERLAIN, A. F. Maple sugar and the Indians. Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1891,
Iv, 381-383.
Notes on the subject, with references to other writings.
CHAMBERLAIN, Lucta 8. Plants used by the Indians of eastern North America (com-
piled by Russell). Amer. Naturalist, Boston, 1901, xxxv, 1-10.
Enumeration of the plants used, and their uses; list of works from which information
was obtained.
Cuastrey, H. L’hygiéne et la médecine chez les Indiens Guaraunos. J. d’hygiéne,
Paris, 1898, xx, 505-508.
The natives of the delta of the Orinoco: Hygiene, nursing, parturition, medicine-
men, remedies, surgery.
L’hygiéne et la médecine chez les Indiens Quiches (Chaco, S. A.). La
méd. mod., Paris, 1898, 1x, 215-216.
Hygiene, dwellings, parturition, food, diseases, medicine-men, remedies, snake-
bites, surgery.
Cuesnut, V. K. Plants used by the Indians of Mendocino county, California.
Cont. U. 8. Nat. Herbar., Wash., 1900-1902, vir, 295-408.
Round Valley and Ukiah tribes: A valuable detailed account of the plants used,
particularly of those serving for food or drink.
CLEAVES, C. C. Parturition among the Eskimos. Indiana Med. Jour., Indianap-
olis, 1899-1900, xvii, 296; also (the same) in the Pacific Med. Jour., San Fran.,
Dec., 1899.
Northwestern Alaska: Description of an ordinary case of labor.
ConyncHam, E.F. An Indian bath. Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc., Chicago, 1903, xut,
323.
Describes very briefly and pictures a sweat-bath hut among the Salish.
Coox, O. F. Food plants of ancient America. Smithson. Rep. for 1903, 481-497,
Wash., 1904.
Notes on some of the more important native foods, with suggestions as to derivation.
410 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
Covintie, F. V. Panamint Indians of California. Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1892, v,
351-361.
Contains observations on food plants and their use.
Wokas, a primitive food of the Klamath Indians. Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. for
1902, 725-739, Wash., 1904. ;
A detailed account of the use of Nymphea polysepala.
Desert plants as a source of drinking water. Smithson. Rep. for 1903, 499-505,
Wash., 1904.
Notes the use of biznaga cactus juice by the Papago and the Seri.
Cree. An account of medicine and surgery as it exists among the Cree Indians.
St. Louis. Med. and Surg. Jour., 1855, xm, 312-318.
Currier, A. F. A study relative to the functions of the reproductive apparatus in
American Indian women. ‘Trans. Amer. Gynecolog. Soc., Phila., 1891, xvr,
264-294; also in Med. News, Phila., 1891, L1x, 390-393, portion of same article.
A compilation of notes gathered from agency physicians in response to a circular
letter; these relate to more than 30 tribes, but under most of the headings the answers
are not comprehensive.
Subjects: Diseases of reproductive organs in children, puberty, menstruation,
menopause, marriage, conception and gestation, abortion, labor, puerperium, and
pelvic, venereal, and malignant diseases.
Valuable, although lacking exact data and details.
CusHinc, Frank Hamizton. Zufi fetiches. 2d Rep. B. A. E., 1880-81, 3-45,
Wash., 1883. 5
A detailed explanatory account of the Zuni fetishes, many of which are supposed to
possess preventive or curative medicinal properties.
Zuni breadstuff. The Millstone, Indianapolis, 1x, 1884, 1-4, 19-23, 35-38,
55-59, 75-78, 93-95, 107-110, 129-131, 151-153, 173-176, 197-199, 223-227: x, 1-4,
21-24, 41-44, 59-68, 97-101, 119-122, 140-144.
Contains, besides tradition and folklore, much information on Zuni foods.
A case of primitive surgery. Science, June 25, 1897, 977-981.
Zuni: Description of the curing, by two medicine-men of the tribe, of a phlegmon-
ous inflammation of the foot.
Scarred skulls from Florida. Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1897, x, 17-18.
Description not accompanied by illustration; leaves one in doubt as to what was
seen by the author. Interesting remarks on intentional head deformation.
Da Lacerpba, J. B. La force musculaire chez les Indiens. Trans. Pan-Amer. Med.
Cong. 1893, pt. 2, 1297-1298, Wash., 1895.
Botocudos, Cherentes (Brazil): A note on dynamometric tests; a remark on auditory
memory of the Indians.
Dariine and WinpErR. Indian diseases and remedies. Boston Med. and Surg. Jour.,
1846, xxxiv, 9-138.
Indians of the great Manitoulin island, Lake Huron. Brief notes on diseases and
remedies.
De Forest, J.W. History of the Indians of Connecticut. Albany, 1871.
Includes limited data on dwellings, clothing, food, habits, marriage, morals, dis-
eases, treatment of diseases.
Dixon, R.B. The northern Maidu. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., May, 1905,
xvi, 119-346.
Contains observations on dwellings, dress, food, occupations, habits, sports, crimes,
birth, puberty, marriage, medicine-men and their methods.
DomenescH. See Linas, A.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 411
Dow.er, B. Researches into the sanitary condition and vital statistics of barba-
rians. New Orleans Med. and Surg. Jour., 1857, xrv, 335-352.
Eeus, M. The Twana Indians of the Skokomish reservation in Washington ter-
ritory. Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Surv., Wash., April 9, 1877, m1, no. 1, 57-114.
Contains observations on physical traits (including weight and afew measurements),
a few brief notes on physiology, pathology, mentality, foods, drinks, narcotics, medi-
cines, poisons, dwellings, clothing, marriage, parturition, attention to the new-born,
morals, habits. Lacks details.
The Twana, Chemakum, and Klallam Indians of Washington territory.
Smithson. Rep. for 1887, 605-681, Wash., 1889.
Includes observations on dwellings, dress, food, drinks, occupations, habits, medi-
cines, marriage, children.
ExRENREICH, P. Beitrige z. Vélkerkunde Braziliens. Veréffentlichungen a. d.
kénigl. Mus. f. Vélkerkunde, Berlin, 1891, 1.
Numerous notes on mode and habits of life of Brazilian Indians, with observations
of medical interest.
ENGELMANN, G. Labor among primitive peoples. St. Louis, 1882.
Includes data on parturition among the Indians, and bibliographic referenées.
Posture in labor. Trans. Amer. Gynecolog. Soc., 1880, v, Boston, 1881.
Pregnancy, parturition, and childbed among primitive peoples. Amer.
Jour. Obstets., N. Y., 1881, xtv.
Massage and expression or external manipulations in the obstetric practice
of primitive peoples. Ibid., 1882, xv.
Characteristic labor scenes among yellow, black, and red races. St. Louis
Cour. Med., 1882, vim.
Evans, J. P. Twelve months’ practice in the Cherokee Nation West. South. Jour.
Med. and Phys. Sci., Nashville, 1854, m1, 12, 157, 317.
Fewkes, J. Waurer. A contribution to ethnobotany, Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1896,
Ix, 14-21.
List of Hopi food and medicinal plants, with notes on their uses.
FietcHer, Ropertr. On prehistoric trephining and cranial amulets. Cont. North
Amer. Ethnol., Wash., 1882, v, 1-32.
Includes observations on Indian trephined skulls and discussion as to the purposes
of the operation.
FLexion, ©. Some medicines of the Swampee Cree Indians of the north. Canad.
Pharmaceut. Jour., Toronto, 1897-8, xxx1, 126-129.
Notes on the remedies used in the tribe, with incidental remarks on diseases.
FrIEDERICI, GEorG. Der Gang des Indianers. Globus, Brunswick, 1898, Lxxtv,
273-278.
A compilation, with numerous citations, on peculiarities of the Indian foot and
gait. Of but little value; no scientific observations.
Gass, Witt1AM M. On the Indian tribes and languages of Costa Rica. Trans. Amer.
Philos. Soc., Phila., 1875, xtv, 483-602.
Includes observations on physical characters, habits, parturition, attentions to the
child at birth and later, marriage, medicine-men and their practices, foods and drinks,
diseases, remedies.
GAILLARD. Life among the Nez Percez Indians. Richmond and Louisville Med.
Jour., Louisville, 1871, x1, 589-604.
Dwellings, clothing, occupation, sweat baths, diseases, parturition, attentions to
child, treatment of sickness, surgery.
412 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Runn. 34
Gipss, G. Notes on the Tinneh or Chepewyan Indians of British and Russian
America. Smithson. Rep. for 1866, 303-327, Wash., 1867.
Includes observations on physical traits, mental and moral characteristics, habits,
medicine-men, methods of curing, sweat baths, dwellings, dress, food, occupations.
Tribes of western Washington and northwestern Oregon. Cont. North Amer.
Ethnol., Wash., 1877, 1, pt. 2, 157-361.
Includes observations on population, dwellings, dress, food, habits, marriage,
medicine, diseases, head deformation.
Gopparp, P. E. Life and culture of the Hupa. Univ. of Cal. Publs., Berkeley,
1903, 1, no. 1, 1-88.
Includes observations on dwellings, dress, food, occupations, habits, children,
sports, diseases, medicine-men, healing.
Goprrey, G. C. M. The Indian woman in labor. Med. Rec., N. Y., 1894, x1vr,
690.
Brief statements concerning menstruation, fecundity, gestation, labor, placenta,
puerperium, malignant diseases (none seen).
Gorg, J. H. Tuckahoe, or Indian bread. Smithson. Rep. for 1881, 687-701, Wash.,
1883.
Dissertation on tuckahoe, with bibliography. Eastern tribes.
GRINNELL, F. The healing art, as practiced by the Indians of the plains. Cincin.
Lancet and Obs., 1874, xvi, 145-147.
Indian questions from a medical standpoint. Ibid., 1878, xx1, 157-169.
GRINNELL, GEORGE Birp. Childbirth among the Blackfeet. Amer. Anthrop.,
Wash., 1896, 1x, 286-287.
A few notes on preparations for labor and on the treatment of the new-born child,
Cheyenne woman customs. Ibid., 1902, n. s., Iv, 13-16.
Notes on customs connected with menstruation, parturition, attentions to the. new-
born.
Some Cheyenne plant medicines. Ibid., 1905, n. s., vir, 37-43.
Notes on healers; a list of medicinal plants with descriptions of their uses.
GROHMAN. Sitten hinsichtlich Krankheit und Tod bei den Azteken-Indianern.
Schweiz. Bl. f. Gsndhtspflg., Ztirich, 1898, n. F., xm, 84-89.
Modern ‘“‘ Aztec,” Veracruz: Notions and habits of the people concerning sick-
ness and treatment; incidental remarks on diseases.
GROSSMANN, F. E. The Pima Indians of Arizona. Smithson. Rep. for 1871, 407—
419, Wash., 1873.
Includes rather superficial notes on sickness, medicine-men and their methods, mar-
riage, food, drinks.
Harris, G. H. Root foods of the Seneca Indians. Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci.,
1889-91, 1, 106-117.
A discussion of the foods of the tribe, with some references.
HaARSHBERGER, J. W. Purposes of ethnobotany. Botan. Gaz., Madison, Wis., 1896,
XxI, no. 3, 146-54.
Discussion on ethnobotany; no contributions.
Havarp, V. The mezquit. Amer. Naturalist, May, 1884; also a revised reprint.
Description of the tree and its uses.
The food plants of the North American Indians. Bull. Torey Botan. Club,
1895, xx, no. 3, 98-123.
Notes on a large number of food plants, wild and cultivated.
Drink plants of the North American Indians. Amer. Jour. Pharm., Phila.,
1896, Lx vii, 265-268.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 413
Mexican and Southwestern Indians: Notes on plants yielding alcoholic liquors,
those yielding stimulating, exhilarating, or intoxicating principles other than alcohol,
and those furnishing juices or, by infusion, pleasant beverages, more or less used to
quench thirst.
HerrermMan, W. T. Medicine among the Yumas. Cal. Med. Jour., San Fran., 1896,
xvu, 135-140.
Notes on Yuma medicine-men and treatment; but few details. No data on
diseases.
Horrman, Watrer JAMES. The practice of medicine and surgery by the aboriginal
races of the Southwest. Med. and Surg. Reporter, Phila., 1879, xi, 157-160.
The aboriginal medicine-man. West. Lancet, San Fran., 1882, x1, 436, 443.
Sioux, with notes on other tribes: medicine-men and medicine-women, labor and
first attentions to the child, notions of disease, head deformation.
The Midé/’wiwin or ‘Grand Medicine society” of the Ojibwa. 7th Rep.
B. A. E., 1885-6, 143-300, Wash., 1891.
Detailed description of the society, and of the healers who compose it, and their
methods. Numerous citations from other writers.
Pictography and shamanistic rites of the Ojibwa. Amer. Anthrop., Wash.,
1888, 1, 209-229.
Notes on the Ojibwa medicine society and healers.
Shamanistic practices. Univ. Med. Mag., Phila., 1890-91, m1, 73-79.
Ojibwa, with notes on other tribes: Notions of disease, medicine-men, societies,
treatment, medicines, sweat baths, abortion, surgery, self-mutilation, snake bites.
The Menomini Indians. 14th Rep. B. A. E., 1892-3, pt. 1, 3-828, Wash.,
1896.
Includes observations on population, medicine-men and medicine societies, sports,
food, tobacco.
Houper, A. B. The age of puberty of Indian girls. Amer. Jour. Obstets., N. Y.,
1890, xxi, 1074.
Observations on 7 full-blood and 3 half-breed Crow girls of known age. Menstruation
began at from 103 to 144 years.
Gynecic notes taken among the American Indians. Ibid., 1892, xxv, 752;
XXVI, 41.
Notes on puberty and menstruation (including the data given in the last preceding
publication ).
Measurements (weight, height, chest girth, waist girth, hip girth) of 33 Crow girls
and young women of from 12 to 25 years of age; too heterogeneous.
Notes on artificial abortion, especially among the Crows.
Labor—brief notes.
Remarks, not sufficiently substantiated, on increase of Indian population.
Venereal diseases—many reports of interest; also personal observations.
—-— Paperson diseases among Indians. Med. Rec., N. Y., 1892, xu, 177, 329, 357.
Indians (Western) in general: Effects on health of changes in climate and habits;
dress, dwelling, diet; reports on syphilis, scrofula, consumption; reports on other
diseases; surgery; vitiligo, harelip, gray hair, bald heads; intoxicants; medicine
and medicine-men; the sweat house.
Hoven, Waurer. The Hopi in relation to their plant environment. Amer.
Anthrop., Wash., 1897, x, 33-44.
Gives a list of food and medicine plants, with brief notes on their uses.
HropuréKka, Aues. A new joint formation. Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1899, n. s., 1, 550-
551.
414 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ BULL. 34
Description of remarkable resulis of fracture in the bones of the arm of a Ken-
tucky Indian.
Physical and physiological observations on the Navaho. Ibid., 1900, n. s.,
11, 339-345.
Preliminary report. Puberty, marriage, pulse, respiration, temperature, diseases,
disposition, crime, head deformation.
The Aztecs of yesterday and to-day. Harper’s Mag., N. Y., Dec., 1902,
37-42.
Notes on dwellings, dress, habits.
’
The ‘‘Chichimecs” and their ancient culture, with notes on the Tepecanos
and the ruins of La Quemada, Mexico. Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1903, n.s., Vv,
385-440. Portion relating to Tepecano translated by Fehlinger in Globus, Bruns-
wick, 1904, Lxxxv, 292-293.
Tepecano (Jalisco): Dwellings, clothing, occupation, food, social customs, crime,
intellectual qualities, medicine, parturition, attentions to children.
Notes on the Indians of Sonora, Mexico. Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1904, n.s.,
vi, 51-89.
Mayo, Yaqui, but principally Opata: Dwellings, dress, occupation, food, drinks,
crime, marriage, fecundity, parturition, puerperium, medicine, medicine-women,
remedies, diseases.
Notes on the San Carlos Apache. Ibid., 1905, n. s., vit, 480-495.
Dwellings, head deformation, habits.
Diseases of the Indians, more especially of the southwest United States and
northern Mexico. Wash. Med. Annals, tv, no. 6, 1905, 372-394. With discussion
on diseases, treatment, and remedies by Dr. D. 8S. Lamb, Dr. G. M. Kober, Gen.
Forwood, and Dr. E. L. Morgan.
HroucKa, ALES, and Cart Lumunourz. Trephining in Mexico. Amer. Anthrop.,
Wash., 1897, x, 389-396.
Description and illustration of two Tarahumare trephined skulls, collected by
Lumholtz, with details of the find by Lumholtz.
Hunter, J.D. Observations on the diseases incident to certain of the North American
Indian tribes. N. Y. Med. and Phys. Jour., N. Y., 1822, 1, 174-179.
Remarks on the diseases of the females of several Indian tribes west of the
Mississippi. Ibid., 304-315.
Remarks on several diseases prevalent among the western Indians, with some
account of theirremedies and modes of treatinent. Amer. Med. Recorder, Phila.,
1822, v, 408-417.
I. Plains Indians. A letter containing notes on their diseases and treatment, with
names of remedies. :
II. A letter containing observations on menstruation, gestation, parturition,
deformed infants, attentions to the new-born, nursing, diseases, worms.
III. A letter giving observations on several diseases and remedies.
Valuable communications, republished in substance in the following:
Memoirs of a captivity among the Indians of North America. 3d ed.,
Lond., 1824.
Treats of plains tribes (particularly Kickapoo, Kansas, and Osage).
The most valuable account on matters of medical interest among these peoples.
Habitations, habits, food, clothing, occupations, physical and moral condition,
medicine-men, marriage, birth, nursing, crimes and punishment, diseases, treatment
of the sick, medicines, surgery.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 415
Tra, G. W. Medical experience among Indians. West. Med. Rey., Lincoln, Nebr.,
1896, 1, 89-93.
Omaha, Winnebago, Ponca, Sioux: Notes on diseases, puberty, marriage, labor,
puerperium, medicine-men.
JACOBSEN, ApRIAN. Der zweite Typusder Geheimbiinde bei den Nordwest-Ameri-
canern; der Medicinmann und der Kosijut (Schamane). Verhandl. d. Berl.
Gesellsch. f. Anthrop., Berlin, 1894, 104-115.
Northwest coast: Medicine-men, their utensils, treatment, ‘‘ miracles.’’
Jenks, ALBERT Ernest. The wild rice gatherers of the upper Lakes. 19th Rep. B.
A. E., 1897-8, pt. 2, 1013-1137, Wash., 1900.
A detailed account concerning this article of Indian food.
JENNER, E. F. L. Medicines of the Mic-Mac tribe. Pharmaceut. Era, N. Y., 1901,
xxv, 144-145.
A list of remedies, with remarks on diseases.
Jesuir Revatrions and allied documents. Thwaites ed., vols. -txxm, Cleveland,
1896-1901.
Many early observations on dwellings, dress, food, habits, marriage, medicine-men,
treatment of diseases and wounds, and other subjects.
Jones, J. Explorations and researches concerning the destruction of the aboriginal
inhabitants of America by various diseases, as syphilis, matlazahuatl, pestilence,
malarial fever, and smallpox. New Orleans Med. and Surg. Jour., 1877-8, v,
926-941.
Precolumbian syphilis; presents diseased bones from mounds and gives excerpts
concerning the disease from numerous historians.
Jones, P. M. Indian obstetrics in Central America. Brooklyn Med. Jour., 1893,
vir, 97-100.
Honduras: Labor, accidents, puerperium, children, diseases. But few details.
JossELYN, John. New-Englands rarities. Lond., 1672. Reprint, Boston, 1865.
Notes on medicinal plants and other remedies among the Massachusetts Indians,
with indirect references to diseases. Many points of interest.
Juutrus, N. H. Zur Heilkunde der nordamerikanischen Wilden. Mag. d. ausl. Lit.
d. ges. Heilk., etc., Hamburg, 1823, v1, 144.
Treatment of diseases; remedies. Largely after Hunter. '
Kennarp, T. Medicine among the Indians. St. Louis Med. and Surg. Jour., 1858,
xvi, 389-404.
Plains Indians (apparently): Medicine-men, treatment of diseases, surgery, reme-
dies, sweat baths, diseases, puberty, parturition.
Kine, J. C. Obstetrics among aborigines. Codex Med., Phila., 1896-7, m1, 128-133;
also South. Cal. Practit., Los Angeles, 1897, x11, 41-45.
Mission Indians (southern California): Notes on menstruation, early maternity,
labor, accidents of labor, puerperium, native medicine-men.
The article in the Codex Medicus is a reprint of that in the Southern California
Practitioner.
KNEELAND, J. Remarks on the social and sanitary condition of the Onondaga Indians.
Amer. Med. Times, N. Y., 1864, 1x, 4-6.
Diseases, remedies parturition, abortion. Only a few details.
On some causes tending to promote the extinction of the aborigines of
America. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc., Phila., 1864, xv, 253-260,
Onondaga. Practically the same as the preceding.
416 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ BULL. 34
Koutn, J. G. Kitchi-Gami. Lond., 1860.
Ojibwa, mainly: Numerous references to dwellings, dress, food, drinks, habits,
sports, morals, marriage, children, the aged, mental traits, endurance, medicine-men,
their means and methods, sweat baths, tobacco, poisons.
Krauss, F. Die Pueblo Indianer. Abhandl. k. Leop.-Cor. d. Akad. d. Naturf.,
Halle, 1907, Lxxxvu, no. 1, 1-218.
Pueblos: Climate, dwellings, clothing, food, medicine-men and societies, child-
birth. Compilation.
KroeBer, A. L. The Arapaho. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., xvuz, 1902,
1-150.
Includes notes on marriage, habits during menstruation and nursing, men living as
women, insanity.
Kuykenpatt, G. B. Medicine among the aborigines. Med. and Surg. Reporter,
Phila., 1875, xxx, 181-186.
Indians about Fort Simcoe, Washington: Observations on medicine-men, notions of
disease, treatment, actual cautery, feeding the sick, surgery, diseases, parturition,
attention to the new-born, old age, killig medicine-men.
Lacomse, P. La médecine chez les sauvages de l’Amérique du nord. Union
méd. du Canada, Montreal, 1874, m1, 327-331.
Indians of the Northwest: Observations on diseases, medicine-men, remedies,
poisons.
Larirau, J. F. Mceurs des sauvages amériquains. 2 vols., Paris, 1724.
Numerous notes of medical interest.
LAF.Lescue, Francis. Who was the medicine-man? 32d Ann. Rep. Fairmount
Park Art Assoc., Phila., 1904. Reprinted, Hampton, Va., 1905, 1-13.
An interesting account of the Omaha medicine-men by a member of the tribe.
Laker, A. D. The civilized Indian, his physical characteristics and some of his dis-
eases. Trans. Med. Soc. N. Y., Albany, 1902, 285-291.
Iroquois: Remarks on the effects of changed life on the Indian and his diseases.
Lams, D.S. Precolumbian syphilis. Proc. Assoc. Amer. Anat., Wash., 1897, rx.
Observations on mound bones showing signs of syphilis.
Leon, N. Apuntes para la historia de la medicina en Michaocan. Morelia, 1886,
1-47.
Some data from earlier writers relating to matters of medical interest among the
Tarasco: Medicine-men, remedies, how and for what used, bibliographical references.
3iblioteca Bot&nico-Mexicana, México, 1895, 1-372.
Bibliographical, biographical, and critical catalogue of authors and writings referring
to Mexican plants and their applications, from the Conquest to the present time.
A valuable bibliography. Arrangement by authors; no subject index.
Los Tarascos. An. d. Mus. nac. de Méx., Mexico, Oct., 1904, 2 ép., 1.
References to Tarasco medicines, diseases, and medicine-men, based on the writings
of earlier authors, especially page 457 et seq. Enumeration of native vegetal reme-
dies, page 462 et seq.
Lewis and Crark. History of the expedition to the sources of the Missouri river,
thence across the Rocky Mountains and down the Columbia river to the Pacific
ocean. Several editions.
Numerous notes of direct medical interest besides observations on dwellings, dress,
food, and habits.
Linas, A. De la médecine et des médecins chez les Iroquois et les Peaux-Rouges.
Gaz. hebd. de méd., Paris, 1862, 1x, 641, 689.
Abstracts from Domenech’s Voyage pittoresque dans les grands déserts du nouveau
monde. Paris, 1862.
HRDLICK A] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 417
Medicine, medicine-men,.remedies, anatomical knowledge, notions of diseases,
diseases, treatment, hygiene, parturition, attentions to the new-born.
Luoyp, F. Special report on Indians at San Carlosagency, Arizona. (No place), 1883.
Includes remarks on prevalent diseases (‘‘consumption almost unknown”) and on
the medicine-men and their mode of treatment. Reports the shooting of a witch.
Lumuotrz, Cart. Unknown Mexico. Two volumes, N. Y., 1902.
Principally the Tarahumare and the-Huichol. Includes observations on dwellings,
dress, food, drinks, habits, sports, marriage, childbirth, childhood, medicine-men
and their practices.
MacCautEy, ©. The Seminole Indians of Florida. 5th Rep. B. A. E., 1883-4,
469-531, Wash., 1887.
Includes notes on mental traits, marriage, parturition, infancy, childhood, dwell-
ings, clothing, food, habits.
M’CLELLAN, E. Obstetric procedures among certain of the aborigines of North Amer-
ica. Trans. Kentucky St. Med. Soc., Louisville, 1873, 88-100; also Richmond
and Louisville Med. Jour., Louisville, 1873, xv1, 580-592.
Pueblos, Apache, Navaho, Ute: Scanty notes on menstruation and labor. Of but
little value.
McCienacuan, H.M. The practice of medicine among the Indians. Med. and Surg.
Reporter, Phila., 1881, xirv, 338-341.
Grosventres and Assiniboin: Views of disease, medicine-men, treatment, sweat
baths. —
McGexz, WJ. The Seri Indians. 17th Rep. B. A. E., 1895-6, 1-344, Wash., 1898.
Dwellings, clothing, food, occupations, marriage.
Mason, O.T. The Chaclacayo trephined skull. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vi, 410-412,
1885, Wash., 1886.
Description of a trephined skull of a Peruvian Indian.
The Ray collection from the Hupa reservation. Smithson. Rep. for 1886,
205-239, Wash., 1889.
Includes notes on dwellings, dress, food, tobacco, and medicine. Gives a list of
food-plants and remedies.
Maruews, T. W. Notes on diseases among the Indians frequenting York factory,
Hudsons bay. Canada Med. and Surg. Jour., Montreal, 1884-5, xii, 449-466.
Observations on diseases, particularly as to their frequency.
Marruews, Wasnincton. Ethnography and philology of the Hidatsa Indians.
Washington, 1877.
Includes brief observations on dwellings, food, habits, marriage. Touches only
indirectly on matters of medical interest.
The mountain chant, a Navajoceremony. 5th Rep. B. A. E., 1883-4, 379-467,
Wash., 1887.
Detailed description of one of the ceremonies practised by Navaho medicine-men
for the cure of disease.
Navajo names for plants. Amer. Naturalist, Phila., 1886, xx, 767-777.
A list of plants with brief indications of their uses; but little on medicines.
Consumption among the Indians. Trans. Amer. Climat. Assoc., Phila., 1886,
234-241. Further contribution to the study of consumption among the Indians.
Ibid., 1888, 136-155.
Increasing prevalence of the disease, causes, statistics, discussion.
The night chant, a Navaho ceremony. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y..
1902, v1, 1-332.
3452—Bull. 834—08——27
418 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL 34
Detailed description of one of the great Navaho ceremonies practised by the medi-
cine-men primarily for the cure of disease.
Marruews, and J. L. Worrman. Human bones of the Hemenway collection in the
U.S. Army Medical Museum. Mem. Nat. Acad. of Sciences, Wash., 1893, vr.
Includes (pp. 170-173) observations on pathology and (pp. 173-179) discussion of
occipital flattening.
Mays, T.J. An experimental inquiry into the chest movements of the Indian female.
Therapeut. Gaz., Detroit, 1887, x1, 297-299,
Tests on 82 Indian girls. A decided abdominal type of breathing the rule in full-
bloods-unused to restraining clothing.
MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE of the Indian. The Indian as a physician. Schoolcraft’s
Arch., Phila., 1855, v, 445-446.
A note on the distinct varieties of healers.
Meek, E.G. Physical condition of the aborigines, with an account of their practice
of medicine. Hlinois and Ind. Med. and Surg. Jour., Chicago and Indianapolis,
1878, n. s., 1, 310-318.
Choctaw: Diseases, medicine-men, treatment, surgery, snake bites, parturition,
attentions to the child, muscular strength and endurance, suicide.
Moopy, ©. 8. Obstetric customs of Northwest Indians. Alkaloid. Clin., Chicago,
1897, 1v, 560-62.
Describes conduct of labor and first attention to the child among the Nez Percés.
Mooney, James. The sacred formulas of the Cherokees. 7th Rep. B. A. E., 1885-6,
301-397, Wash., 1891.
Formulas, largely medicinal, of the shamans of the tribe, notions of disease, reme-
dies, curative practices, sweat bath. A detailed study.
Cherokee theory and practice of medicine. Jour. Amer. Folk-Lore, Cambridge,
1890, 1, 44-50.
Indian knowledge of food and medicinal plants, notions of disease and of remedies,
manner of choosing and employing remedies, dietary and other treatment of the sick,
tabus, preventive means, names of diseases, medicine-men. A brief but valuable
contribution.
Moraan, L. H. Houses and house life of the American aborigines. Cont. North
Amer. Ethnol., Wash., 1881, rv, 1-281.
Detailed study of native dwellings, particularly those of the Pueblos.
Morice, A. G. Notes... on the western Dénés. Trans. Canad. Inst., Toronto, ~
1894, rv, pt. 1, 1-222.
Pages 127-132 contain an account of esculent and medicinal plants and manner of
using them.
Déné Surgery. Ibid., 1900-1, vir, 15-27.
Notion of disease, bleeding, cautery, vesication, bonesetting, sutures, hernia (none),
gynecological manipulations, parturition and plants used in, sweat bath, operations
on the eyes.
Morris, J. Cu. Relation of the pentagonal dodecahedron found near Marietta, Ohio,
to shamanism; and Frank Hamimron Cusntna. Discussion and remarks on
shamanism. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., Phila., 1897, xxxv1, no. 155.
One paper. Philosophy of shamanism. Cushing’s remarks relate to the Zufi.
Muniz, M.A.,and W J McGrr. Primitive trephining in Peru. 16th Rep. B. A. E.,
1894-5, 3-72, Wash., 1897.
Detailed description of numerous trephined crania of the ancient Peruvians, with
discussion on methods and purposes of the operation.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 419
Murpocu, Joun. Ethnological results of the Point Barrow expedition. 9th Rep.
B. A. E., 1887-8, 3-441, Wash., 1892.
Includes observations on climate, dwellings, dress, food, habits, mental character-
istics, diseases, drinks, narcotics, marriage, social life, fetishes.
Neave, J. L. An agency doctor’s experiences among frontier Indians. Cincin.
Med. Jour., 1894, rx, 875; 1895, x, 611; 1896, x1, 17.
1894: Arikara, Grosventres, Mandan. Notes on native treatment, including sweat
bath, and on the Indian endurance of suffering (sun-dance mutilations).
1895: Notes on personal characteristics of the Indians.
1896: A few observations on the habits of the Indians.
Netson, E. W. The Eskimo about Bering strait. 18th Rep. B. A. E., 1896-7,
3-518, Wash., 1899.
Observations on dwellings, dress, occupation, food, habits, physical characteristics,
tobacco, puberty, marriage, parturition, healers, treatment of disease, sweat baths.
Newserry,J. 8. Food and fiber plants of the North American Indians. Pop. Sci.
Month., N. Y., xxxu, 31-46.
Nicuoras, F. C. The aborigines of the province of Santa Marta, Colombia. Amer.
Anthrop., Wash., 1901, n. s., m1, 606-649.
Includes notes on foods, coca-chewing, suicide, poisons, medicines, medicine-men,
marriage, habits.
Orton, G. T. Scrofula amongst the Indians. North. Lancet, Winnipeg, 1897-8,
v, 214.
Canada Indians: A few words only concerning consumption, scrofula, and syphilis.
Owens, J. G. Natal ceremonies of the Hopi Indians. Jour. Amer. Ethnol. and
Archeeol., Boston, 1892, m, 163-175.
Mainly ethnological. Observations on mothers inaccurate.
Patmer, E. Food products of North American Indians. Report of Commissioner
of Agriculture, Wash., 1870, 404-428.
Enumeration of plants used by various tribes for food; also of peculiar animal foods.
Plants used by the Indians of the United States. Amer. Naturalist, Phila.,
1878, x11, 593-606, 646-655.
Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, California Indians, and references to others. Gives
numerous food plants, identified.
Customs of the Coyotero Apaches. Zoe, San Fran., Aug., 1890, 1, no. 6,
161-172; also in Amer. Jour. Phar., i, 586.
Notes on marriage, morals, twins, parturition, treatment of pathological conditions,
foods, drinks, tobacco.
Pariser, E. Médecine des peuples sauvages. Jour. univ. d. sci. méd., Paris, 1816,
1, 249; m1, 1, 259; 1817, v, 12, v1, 5; 1818, rx, 5.
No original observations. Accounts concerning various Indians, based on reports
of travelers and other writers.
Parker, 8. Journal of an exploring tour beyond the Rocky Mountains. 4th ed.,
Ithaca, N. Y., 1844.
Plains and Columbian tribes. Includes notes on dwellings, dress, food, habits,
morals, marriage, medicine-men and their methods, diseases, mortality.
Parker, W. T. Concerning American Indian womanhood. Ann. Gynecol. and
Pediatr., Phila., 1891-92, v, 330-341.
Chippewa, Ojibwa, Dakota, Algonquin, etc. A compilation of physicians’ and
other writers’ notes concerning puberty, labor, and female diseases.
Parrisu, J. Account of a fever which prevailed among the Indians on the island
of Nantucket, in 1763-4. Eclectic Repert., Phila., 1811, 1, 364-366.
420 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
“Very malignant typhus, or ship fever,’’ introduced by a ship from the south.
A note on deafness and blindness among the Indians.
Perrer, G. H. An unusual Navajo medicine ceremony. Southern Workman,
1904; reprint, Hampton, Va., 1905, pp. 1-10.
A popular account of two ceremonial procedures employed by a Navaho medicine-
man for the cure of a sore throat.
Piorry, P. A. Médecine des peuples sauvages. Dict. d. sci. méd., Paris, 1819,
XXxI, 463-476.
Nothing original or of special value.
Pircuer, Z. Medicine (Indian). Schoolcraft’s Arch., Phila., 1854, rv, 502-519.
Plains and eastern tribes: Diseases, knowledge of anatomy, pathology, remedies,
surgery, snake bites, obstetrics, sweat baths.
Porter, J. H. Notes on the artificial deformation of children among savage and
civilized peoples, with a bibliography. Rep. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1886-7, 213-235,
Wash., 1889.
Includes notes on occipital flattening (incidental). Numerous quotations from
earlier writers on Indians.
Powers, 8. Aboriginal botany. Proc. Cal. Acad. Soc., 1873-4, v, 373-379; also in
his Tribes of California, Cont. North Amer. Ethnol., Wash., 1877, 11, 419-431.
Mainly Neshinam Indians, Bear river, Cal., and Yokuts, Tule River reservation,
Cal. Gives a large number of vegetal substances and their uses (food, medicine,
etc.). Knowledge of anatomy (p. 379).
In the Tribes of California are also observations on dwellings, food, clothing, habits,
crime, medicine, medicine-men, sweat baths, morals, parturition, the aged, height
and weight ot a large number of the California natives.
Prentiss, D. W., F. P. MorGan, and JAMES Mooney. Mescal buttons. Detroit,
1896; reprint from Therapeut. Gaz., Detroit, 1896, 3.s., x11.
Physiological action and therapeutic uses; ceremonial uses under different names
(peyote, hicori, etc.) among the Indians.
Ranke, K. E. Einige Beobachtungen u. d. Sehschirfe bei siidamerikanischen
Indianern. Cor.-Bl. d. deutsch. Gesellsch. f. Anthrop. (etc.), Munich, 1897,
xxvut, 113-119.
Tests on Bakairi Indians of central Brazil. No special natural superiority found.
Ueber d. Hautfarbe d. stidamerikanischen Indianer. Zeitschr. f. Ethnol.,
Berlin, 1898, xxx, 61-73.
A somewhat detailed examination into the color of some South American Indians.
A plate shows the colors observed.
Reacan, A. B. Concerning left-handed aborigines. Science, June 7, 1907, 909.
Found among a population of 231 Hoh and other Quileute Indians 5 (4 men, 1
woman) left-handed.
Ross, J. N. Notes on useful plants of Mexico. Cont. U.S. Nat. Herbar., Wash.,
1899, v, no. 4, 209-259.
Notes on several native foods (maize, chile, beans), on native fruits, and on bey-
erage plants; also on medicinal plants sold in Mexican towns. Gives common
native names and identifications. Touches but indirectly and in a general way on
Indians.
Rupo Ensayo. Anonymous. San Augustin de la Florida, 1863; also translation into
English by E. Guitéras, Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of
Phila., 1894, v, no. 2.
Many observations of medical interest; remedies, foods, drinks, particularly among
the Opata, about 1762.
HRDLICK A] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 40h
Rusu, B. Anoration . .. . containing an enquiry into the natural history of medi-
cine among the Indians in North America, and a comparative view of their diseases
and remedies with those of civilized nations. Phila., 1774. Also in his Medical
Inquiries and Observations, Phila., 1789, 9-56; 2d Amer. ed., Phila., 1794, 9-77.
Indians between 30° and 60° of latitude: Birth and treatment of children, diet,
customs peculiar to sexes, deformities (none, p. 19), diseases, remedies. A few facts
of a general nature, with some speculation.
Russett, Frank. An Apache medicine dance. Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1898, x1,
367-372.
Jicarilla Apache: A description of an elaborate ceremonial cure by a medicine-
woman.
The Pima Indians. 26th Rep. B. A, E., 1904-5, 3-389, Wash., 1908.
Includes notes on food supply (with data on medicinal plants), architecture, cloth-
ing, athletic sports, relations before marriage, marriage, children, medicine-men,
legerdemain, cause, prevalence, and treatment of diseases, medicine songs.
Scoootcrarr, H. R. Introductory remarks on magic, witchcraft, and deemonology
of the American Indians. Schoolcraft’s Arch., Phila., 1853, m1, 483-494.
Includes notes on magic, ete., of healers. See also Schoolcraft’s notes on the Iro-
quois, N. Y., 1848, and The American Indians, rev. ed., Buffalo, 1851.
Suarp, G. The civilization and medicine of the less advanced American Indian
races. Med. Mag., Lond., 1899, n.s., vim, 79, 346.
Suureitpt, R. W. Head flattening as seen among the Navaho Indians. Pop. Sci.
Month., N. Y., 1891, xxx1x, 535-539.
The deformation is not due to strapping of the head or to intentional application
of pressure to the child’s occiput.
Srueson, J. K. Midwifery among the Alaskan Indians. Occidental Med. Times,
Sacramento, 1892, v1, 61.
Brief description of labor and of treatment of new-born among the natives of
southeastern Alaska.
Smatipox, The; a scourge to the aborigines. Schoolcraft’s Arch., Phila., 1851, 1,
257-258. .
An account of an epidemic of the disease among the natives of the Missouri valley
in 1837.
SoRCERY AND MEDICAL MAGIC (Remarks on the practice of) by the Indian priesthood.
Schooleraft’s Arch., Phila., 1855, v, 415-441.
Chippewa, Choctaw: Account of practices of the medicine-men.
Squrer, E.G. Incidents of travel and exploration in the land of the Incas. N. Y.,
1877.
Includes note on a trephined skull from an Inca cemetery.
SremnMetTz, 8. R. Suicide among primitive peoples. Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1894,
vil, 53-60.
Includes data on suicide among the Eskimo and Indians. Bibliographical ref-
erences.
SrerpHEN, A.M. The Navaho. Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1893, v1, 345-362.
Contains observations on dwellings, dress, mode of life, marriage, tabus, notions
and treatment of disease, sweat house.
SreveNnson, JAMES. Ceremonial of Hasjelti Dailjis and mythical sand painting of
the Navajo Indians. 8th Rep. B. A. E., 1886-7, 229-285, Wash., 1891.
Description of one of the great Navaho healing ceremonies.
STEVENSON, Matinpa Coxr. The Sia. llth Rep. B. A. E., 1889-90, 3-157, Wash.,
1894.
Includes observations on healing ceremonies and childbirth.
499 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34
SrevENSON, MarinpA Coxr. The Zufii Indians. 23d Rep. B. A. E., 1901-2, 1-634,
Wash., 1904.
Embodies valuable observations on habits, puberty, parturition, medicine-men and
medicine-women, medicine societies, treatment of disease and wounds, dwellings,
dress, food, drinks, occupations, habits, morality, witches.
Stickney, G. P. Indian use of wild rice. Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1896, 1x,
115-121.
Notes on this article of Indian food, with bibliographical references.
Srockwetu, G. A. Indian medicine. Pop. Sci. Month., N. Y., 1886, xxrx, 649-660.
Philosophy of Indian medicine and medicine-men, conception of disease, treatment,
examples of curing.
SrratH, R. Materia medica, pharmacy, and therapeutics of the Cree Indians of the
Hudson Bay territory. St. Paul Med. Jour., St. Paul, 1903, v, 735-746.
Valuable contribution to the subjects expressed in title, also remarks on labor and
diseases.
Srratron, T. Contribution to an account of the diseases of the North American
Indians. Edinb. Med. and Surg. Jour., 1849, px x1, 269-283.
Canada Indians about Lake Huron (Beau Soleil, Chippewa, and Simcoe), on Great
Manitoulin id., and Iroquois.
Diseases (medical reports, detail), remedies, physiology (nothing definite), men-
struation, deformities.
Swan, ©. Position and state of manners and arts in the Creek or Muscogee Nation
in 1791. Schoolcraft’s Arch., Phila., 1855, v, 251-283.
Includes notes on marriage, diseases, remedies.
Swan, J. G. The Indians of Cape Flattery [Wash.]. Smithson. Cont., 1870, xvt,
1-108.
Includes observations on physical characteristics, population, dwellings, dress,
food, children, medicine-men and their practices, diseases, remedies.
Swanton, J. R. The Haida of Queen Charlotte islands. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., N. Y., 1905, vu.
Contains observations on dwellings, food, habits, puberty, marriage, birtlis (mainly
attendant customs), medicine, shamanism, witchcraft.
Terr, James. The Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist:, N. Y:, April; 1900; 1m, 1-392.
Includes observations on dwellings, dress, occupations, food, sports, habits, popula-
tion, mental traits, birth, childhood, puberty, pregnancy, marriage, death, medicine-
men, medicine, surgery.
Tuorworrn, J. F. Indian practice on the northern coast of California. St. Joseph
Med. Herald, 1886, rv, 1380-131.
“Digger” Indians, Cal.: A few observations on a medicine-man, diseases, labor,
sweat house.
Toner, J. M. Address . . . with viewsof the origin and practice of medicine
among uncivilized races, more especially the North American Indians. Wash-
ington, 1877. Abstract of same in Toner, J. M. Some points in the practice of
medicine among the North American Indians. Va. Med. Month., Richmond,
1877, 1v, 334-350.
A compilation. Medicine-men: Their practices, knowledge of anatomy, physiology,
treatment of wounds and diseases; childbirth; syphilis (with references to early writ-
ings); other diseases; bibliography.
Treon, F. Epidemic influenza among the Sioux Indians. Cincin. Lancet-Clinic,
1890, n. s., xxiv, 160-161. ;
A brief dissertation on the subject expressed in the title.
‘
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 423
TrEON, F. Obstetrics among the Sioux Indian women. Ibid., 12-14.
Brief notes on the conduct and incidents of labor. A few words concerning puer-
peral convulsions.
TuRNER, Lucien M. Ethnology of the Ungava district, Hudson Bay territory. 11th
Rep. B. A. E., 1889-90, 159-350, Wash., 1894.
Eskimo, Montagnais: Includes observations on physical traits, diseases, marriage,
children, dwellings, clothing, food, tobacco, habits, sweat baths.
TurNER,S. 8. Indian medicine-men: the hypnotic countenance. Times and Reg.
N. Y. and Phila., 1890, xx1, 423-425.
Sioux: A few observations on labor and retained placenta, and on medicine-men.
,
Urpina, M. Raices comestibles entre los antiguos mexicanos. An. d. Mus. nac. de
Méx., Mexico, 1906, 117 et seq.
An account of numerous edible roots used by the ancient Mexicans, and also of
several medicinal plants.
Vorn, H. R. Oraibi natal customs and ceremonies. Field Columb. Mus. Publs.,
anthrop. ser., Chicago, Feb., 1905, v1, no. 2, 47-56.
Observations on parturition, medicines used on that occasion, puerperium, atten-
tions to the child.
Wairz, THEopor. Anthropologie der Naturvélker, Leipzig, 1862, m1, 78 et seq.
References to older literature on foods and drinks of the American natives.
Watpron, Martua M. The Indian school in relation to health. Sanitarian, N. Y.,
1896, xxxvu, 303-310.
Hampton: Tuberculosis, trachoma. Preventive means employed at the school.
Wess, Dr W. The Indian under medical observation. Proc. Florida Med. Assoc.,
Jacksonville, 1887, 27-34.
Indian prisoners of several tribes, mainly Apache, at Fort Marion, Fla. Record of
diseases, with remarks.
Wituiamson, T.S. Dacotas of the Mississippi. Schoolcraft’s Arch., Phila., 1851, 1,
247-256.
Medicine, knowledge of anatomy, notions of disease, medicine-men and their prac-
tices, means of curing and remedies, female complaints.
The diseases of the Dakota Indians. Northwest. Med. and Surg. Jour., St.
Paul, 1873-4, rv, 410-419.
Observations on diseases among the Sioux in Minnesota.
Wrison, D. Narcotic usages and superstitions of the Old and New World. Canad.
Jour., 11, 1857, 233-264, 324-344. :
Witson,N.W. Indian medicine. Buffalo Med. Jour., 1901-2,n.s., x~1, 740-49; same
in Merck’s Arch., N. Y., 1902, 1v, 361-365; alsoin Trans. Med. Soc., N. Y., Albany,
1902, 475-483, and in Texas Med. Gaz., Fort Worth, 1902, 1, n. 5, 12-22.
Notes on Sioux medicine-men and treatment during the Pan-American exposition.
Superficial.
Witson, THomas. Arrow wounds. Amer. Anthrop., Wash., 1901, n.s., 11, 513-531.
Illustrated notes on arrow wounds in Indians and others, with references to cther
publications on that subject.
Winper, W. On Indian diseases and remedies; with a return of sick treated at the
Indian establishment, Great Manitoulin island, Lake Huron, in 1841-2. Brit.-
Amer. Jour., Montreal, 1845-6, 1, 255-257.
List of diseases and remedies, with remarks. Includes report of Dr. Darling.
Wirnerspoon, W. W. Collection of honeydew by the Nevada Indians. Amer.
Anthrop., Wash., 1889, 11, 380.
494 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 34°
Wooprurr, ©. E. Diseases of northern California Indians. Med. Rec., N. Y., 1891,
xxxrx, 104-106.
Hupa Valley, Cal., Indians: Remarks on consumption, venereal diseases, rheu-
matism and neuralgia, pneumonia, a case of ‘“‘leucoderma,’’ conjunctivitis, a case of
ovarian cyst, wounds, and Rhus poisoning.
Woopwarp. The Nez Percez on the Indian reservation being destroyed by malaria.
Gaillard’s Med. Jour., N. Y., 1884, xxxvu, 225.
A few statements on diseases in the tribe.
Yarrow, H. C. Medical facts relating to the Zuni Indians of New Mexico. Rocky
Mountain Med. Rey., Colorado Springs, 1880-81, 1, 191-194.
From an account given by Mrs. M. C. Stevenson. Brief observations on children,
diseases, parturition, abortion, menstruation, remedies.
Yartsrs, L. G. Indian medicine-men. Overland Month., San Fran., 1896, xxvumqt,
171-182. :
Nothing original.
To the above list may be added many works by historians, mis-
sionaries, and other writers, including the following:
Apair, JAMES. The history of the American Indians. Lond., 1775.
AutLEN, Z. The conditions of life, habits, and customs, of the native Indians of Amer-
ica, [etc.]. Providence, 1880.
Bartets, Max. Die Medicin der Naturvélker. Leipzig, 1893.
BricKELL, JoHN. The natural history of North-Carolina. Dublin, 1737.
BEVERLEY, Ropert. The history and present state of Virginia. Lond., 1705.
Barton, B. 8. Collections for an essay toward a materia medica of the United States.
Phila., 1810.
Bartram, WittiAM. Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East &
West Florida, [etc.]. Phila., 1791.
Baxter, J. P. The Abnakis and their ethnic relations.
Bossu, N. Travels through that part of North America formerly called Louisiana.
Wonmds, Wile
Brown, JoHN Mason. Indian Medicine. Atlantic Month., xvur, July, 1866.
BROWNELL, CHARLES DE Wotr. The Indian races of North and South America.
Ni Y.,. 1857:
Carver, J. Travels through the interior parts of North America, in the years 1766,
1767, and'1768. Lond., 1778.
Catitin, Geo. Letters and notes on the manners, customs, and condition of the
North American Indians. N. Y., 1841, and subsequent editions.
CHARLEVOIX, P. pE. Journal of a voyage to North America. Lond., 1761.
Couron, C. Tour of the American lakes and among the Indians of the Northwest-
Territory in 1830. Lond., 1833.
CorEAL, Francois. Voyages aux Indes occidentales. Paris, 1722.
Cox, Ross. Adventures on the Columbia river, [ete.]. Lond., 1831.
Drake, Bens. The life and adventures of Black Hawk: with sketches of Keokuk,
the Sac and Fox Indians and the late Black Hawk war. Cincin., 1838. :
Hariot, THomas. A briefe and true report of the new-found land of Virginia.
Lond., 1588.
Harris, THappEus Mason. The journal of a tour into the territory northwest of the
Alleghany mountains [ete.]. Boston, 1805.
Harvey, Henry. History of the Shawnee Indians from the year 1681 to 1854, inclu-
sive. Cincin., 1855.
HECKEWELDER, JOHN. An account of the history, manners, and customs, of the
Indian nations, who once inhabited Pennsylvania and the neighbouring states.
Phila., 1819; reprint Phila., 1876.
HRDLICKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 425
Henry, ALEXANDER. Travels and adventures in Canada and the Indian territories,
between the years 1760 and 1776. N. Y., 1809.
Humpoupt, ALEXANDER DE. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. Lond.,
1811.
Jorst, W. Ethnographisches und Verwandtes aus Guyana. Supplem. z. Bd. v. d.
Internat. Arch. f. Ethnographie, Leiden, 1893.
JONES, CHARLES C., sR. Several works treating of antiquities of southern Indians.
Savannah, 1859, 1861.
Jones, Rey. Perer. History of the Ojebway Indians, [etec.]. Lond., 1861.
TEN Kare, H.F.C., jr. Reizen en Onderzoekingen in Noord-Amerika. Leiden, 1885.
KRASHENNIKOV, STePAN Perroyicu. [Translated by James Grieve, M. D.] The
history of Kamtschatka, and the Kurilski islands, with the countries adjacent,
[ete.]. Glocester, 1764.
Lawson, JoHn. The history of Carolina. Lond., 1714.
Lona, J. Voyages and travels of an Indian interpreter and trader, [etc.]. Lond.,
1791.
LosxkieL, GEoRGE Henry. History of the mission of the United Brethren among
the Indians in North America. Lond., 1794.
Osrpway. An account of the North American Indians written for Maun-gwudaus, a
chief of the Ojibways.
Patmer, Emits. Noteson Indianmanners and customs. Amer. Naturalist, x1, 1878.
Perrrot, E. Traditions Indiennes du Canada nord-ouest. Alengon, 1887.
Pross, H. H. Das Weib in der Natur-und Vélkerkunde. Leipzig, 1889.
——. Das Kind in Brauch und Sitte der Vélker. Two vols., Stuttgart, 1876.
Sacarpb, F. Gasrren. Histoire du Canada, [etc.]. Paris, 1636.
SANBORN, JoHN WENTWORTH. Legends, customs, and social life of the Seneca
Indians of western New York. N. Y., 1878.
v. D. STEINEN, Kart. Durch Central-Brasilien, [etc.]. Leipzig, 1886.
Srout, Orro. Zur ethnographie der republic Guatemala. Ziirich, 1884.
SweEtLanpD, L. Captivity among the Senecas.
WHEELER, R. A. The Pequod Indians.
WiLkes, CHARLES, U.S.N. Narrative of the United States exploring expedition
(linguistics dealt with by Horatio Hale). Phila., 1844.
Wirxowsk1, G. J. Histoire des accouchements chez tous les peuples. Paris, 1887.
Wo tpt, A. Capt. Jacobsen’s Reise an der nordwestktiste Amerikas.
See also Bancroft’s works, particularly The Native Races of the Pacific States
(San Fran., 1882), the Spanish historians (Herrera, Gomara, Clavigero, etc.), and
the Handbook of American Indians, Bull. 30 B. A. E. For publications on the
Peruvians, see Dorsey, G. A., A Bibliography of the Anthropology of Peru, Field
Columb. Mus., Publs. m, no. 2, Chicago, 1898. For medical references consult
especially the Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General, U.S. Army, the Index
Medicus, and A. Hirsch’s Handbook of Geographical and Historical Pathology, 3 vols.,
London (The New Sydenham Soc.), 1883-1886.
Numerous statistical and medical data, also those on suicide,
crime, and general condition of morals and well-being in the tribes,
will be found in the various reports of the United States Census,
particularly the volume on Indians, 1890 (Wash., 1894), in the
reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and in those of the
Bureau of Education (the series on introduction of the reindeer into
Alaska and others); also in the Canadian Government reports on
Indians, and in the reports on the Northwestern tribes to the British
Association for the Advancement of Science.
ne H eg fs) fot ae
Juell iA t) Site nt ig ee ee sae A rei, Pg ale
td a:
Pa 9 A b. 2 Be ea — ae : Fick
ar ry ’ ae hae
: : ; aN roe igor Dee a Maas silanes
5 » J +4 . , pa :
Ay" ~
rx . ~ Je t As a fe
a ae : sae
sah* Li) AAG eS linus Se a” Atee
; = : i ™ bin ’ “£4
. / fi bi aeaoas peti o ke tacahe isu i
i] ‘ - A A “ 2 :
i
ie aft
ay
: 4
-
Page
ABNORMALITIES, CONGENITAL.....--------- 58, 60
See also Monstrosities, Teeth.
ABORTION, ARTIFICIAL—
PenerallaccOuUnt=. = sosse-seeee ew wae se 163
tnibaltdetailsic. faces aes sect 54, 163-165
ABRAHAMS, Dr. HoRATIO E., on pathological
conditions at San Juan agency, N. Mex...tab. 9
ABSCESSES—
MBTiCOpa - eee ee eee eee 178
Ibaldnessue cca sees eee cere 162) | -APOpLExXy, prevalence.ofes- a-= a2 sae eee 188
GmbH Ocoee os ce sbdecedesesses=msc 155 | APPENDICITIS, absence of-.......-.-.-.-.-2- 188
PTAVAICSS ae eee ese sear 160,161 | ARAPAHO—
infanticide ssesse s. sasee eee 165-166 albinism! i \col 2: 222.0. eee ee 213, tab. 9
mens truatlonns. eee ameme ae 22-2 197 cretinisni.< 5.455255 eee 213, tab. 9
muscular force...--.---------------- 149 deafandidumbs=.--2sse5 =e seen eeee 215, tab. 9
sneezing. -.------------------------- 155 epilepsy. <= 2322 seseaccsse. 202, 203, 214, tab. 9
Riedie: BeAesegh sonAeeresdac -ceeeeees 133 Poltere. . eee ee 200, 201, 213, tab. 9
temperature...--..---------+++-+++- 138 idiocyas- se eee ee 204, 215, tab. 9
affinities. ...-...---------++++++++++-+--- 13 insanity 6-6 eee ee nae 213, tab. 9
albinism. ..--..-.-------+---+---++-+-+-+--- tab.9 MONSELOSIEL CG eee eee eee 215, tab. 9
cephalic index....-.-.------------------ 342,343 population. ......-- Bs... UMM Dae eae tab.9
childbirth. .....-.-------+----+---------- 63 spinal curvatures .............- 208, 216, tab. 9
children (observations on)— tUpeTCHIOSISe ee eet e eee nae eee 210, 217, tab. 9
age in relation to stature. .-.....-.-- LOU ON eerecareAt
BROWNS seep scans sae aes ae weet goiters: 25.00 ac ee ee ee 213, tab. 9
head measureme ats. 2) --e neo 267-215 pathological conditions ............... tab.9
physical condition.....--.-------- 299-322 population, é...i6-..0-a re Fai NG
pulse-respiration ratio. .....---.---- 130 | apizona, sand storms in...........-------- 3
SA i ea Oh eae iar a ies 267-275 | sprEMISIA, medicinal plant (Mescaleros,
liked ei eS erat le cine 27219 1) 4 act wan) accuse cee le ee 235, 238
Cres Mes esse an eee tab.9 | ,yrpries, affections of............------- 188, 191
CTI G | Ge ashy cesta eres apse ar cher aa 168,169 | 4 pPHRITIC DISORDERS, prevalence of........- 173
deat andidumibescc cemeteries 206, tab. 9
GUSCASCS foresee torte eee ieee eet 176-179 ARTHRITIS, SIRE
‘ by tribes—
epilapsyseeeeess ose eee eee eee 202, tab. 9 Hopi.22) Moe 180
folikemeGi Cine sesame eens see 239 PDA ATIVE Tee een eae 186
foods a Sfemeete rete) wie ar cta(e aiake\minie rele elahal= intel 20, 22-23, 258 Zuni ah. bh a ee TOR hee | ee 181
general characteristics..............--.- 85 Summary... Misiss dee sean ce eee 191
gestation ...---..-.-----+-+++++++2+++++- 53 | AsH, medicinal and food plant........-.-.- 251, 266
goiter .....-..--..------------------ 201,tab.9 | Asameap, Dr. WM. H., on Pima bee......... 264
GTayNess .-.....----+------=------------- 397 | AssInIBOIN—
habits oftlife.......-.-------e2eeoe- 202-7 Sie pathological conditions..........------- tab. 9
head ideformatione.- 2. 2s 2-6 = en -ecee = 79-83 population: .esasek ee eee tab. 9
WHOA rt aenosauoosncdooe: cocduosecenee 204, ;taib9)) | eager eee eee eee ee ee 188, 191
soa LEA baNe:) Kod ORE eo odoose ese sor aeSene 243 | ATHAPASCAN TRIBES in Southwest.....-..--- 8
MN SAND Yqem eae se se ee tae eee 201,tab.9 | ATKINSON, DR. J. L., on pathological condi-
MAUVIAS Cees es sass ee eee eee eee eee 48 tions at Fort Peck agency, Mont.........- tab. 9
MediCiINE=MEN\ sc -ccas- seer eee ee esses 224-295 | ATRIPLEX LENTIFORMIS, food plant (Pima). 263
INDEX 429
Page Page
AUTHOPORA, genus of Pima bee..-...--...--- 264 | BLACKFEET AGENCY, MONT. (Piegan)—
AYER, E. E., material presented by........ 239 Qlbinismene soscese. - BCA CHAE Tame. ce 199, tab. 9
AZTEC— deat andidumb);.2-\-cc2s-ssc20 cee 207, tab. 9
BiNMIGESeeations cee etaicsc scccteesceseceis 12,13 epllepsyiacskeseetcewscte te oc cuk ..-. 208, tab. 9
ALANESS eta ssss wise mess cio ccnine Seicies e's 162 POUR Senses cteeceeeaee cone scete 200, tab. 9
PUT ON TICES mete tence ates en snice rise =e = = 174 Ld OCY semen cece eee ass see 205, tab. 9
TOOGS Se meee ieee Maecenas soe ems 266 INBaAMbYy Hee cess ce ese cree se cles 202, tab. 9
PTAV NESS aes c ee cice s2s oe sane e 160, 161, 406 pathological conditions................ tab. 9
muscular force.......- 145, 148, 149, 150, 394-396 Spinalicunvatunest2..2+5----22-- s-- 208, tab. 9
SIZeOtiAIMINOS. oe semis oceans Scere one eisee © 43 GUberCUIOSISHAcee Aceee oe =e eee 210, tab. 9
statures (average) .....5.........- 133, 136,137 | BLINDNESS—
SUICIGChereo sc 4.5 Sooo caee cmaoseeclecces 172 by tribes—
See also Tlahuiltec. EO PIs seer ee eisai acts oe codes 180
AZUL, ANTONIO, Chief of Pima. See An- TCH Ol pats tae ote ee ee eee 187
tonio. IN@VAN ONE re see oe eas ee cee se 180
BADGER, Pima notion concerning......-.-- 244 QOpatae ees se es ae archaea <5 se one 184
BAEGERT, JACOB, in bibliography...-....-.-. 407 PUPAE OM eee ees eo con cee 182
BAILEY, E. H.S., in bibliography...-...-.. 408 PIM Asem sabes saesce sate ee oo sacks es 183
BALDNESS among Indians.......-......-- 161-163 IPUCDIOS Rae eenee = ee erees esas sess 189
BALSAMORRHIZA, medicinal plant .......- 234, 238 Param greases ses-eecee res aaeo ee 185
BaANcROFT, H. H.— 7 AU Sas Ae e aE Rear Sone cee eee 181
cited on— SUMMARY eh iete piers as meee iets sare as 174-175
PATI ACO DANS = =.- saree ee see sic - 8 | BOAS, FRANZ, in bibliography ............-.. 408
population of pueblos. ....---.....-- 6 | BoERHAVIA, medicinal plant (San Carlos
smallpox among Opata....-.......- 185 PAS ELCHG) mret aese ohe ise vier mittee Sette See 233
in bibliography=- see s- asec see sc<=. A295; ||MB OILS) (Maricopa) cast Sac 22 -ccsae ose coe se 248
BANDELIER, A. F., in bibliography. .-.....-. 408 See also Abscesses.
BANNOCK— BORDEN. W. C., in bibliography. ....- LER ak 408
QpiUepsyese ns se sees ee ee 203, 204,214, tab. 9 | Bossu, N., in bibliography.............-... 424
INSAM Ties so sens sas as saeseneee 202, 213, tab.9 | BoTELER, W. C., in bibliography........... 408
THRONSEROSI LIES =a hereon oeeee ee 215,tab.9 | BOUCHEA EHRENBERGI, medicinal plant
pathological conditions..............-.- tab. 9 (SaniCarloszApache) = sas. eeeeaseca- so. oe 232
WO PWUAIOM ses ee ease nsec cies ese tab.9 | BOURKE, CAPT. JOHN G.—
MbereUlOsisee eames a ens 210, 218-219, tab. 9 cited on albinism among Navaho....... 192
BARROWS, D. P., in bibliography..-.....-.- 408 INngbiplWoerap hye ease eee cee eee ee 408
BARTELS, MAX, in bibliography............ 424 | BOUSSENARD, L., in bibliography........-- 409
BARTON, B. S., in bibliography ..........-.- 424 | BownpitcH, H. P., on heights of American
BARTRAM, WILLIAM, in bibliography. ...--.. 424 Childreneee seas nea 88, 89, 101, 114-115, 122, 127
BASKETRYs ACCOUNG Ofo- 4-55 c0 onc es cc's 17,18 | BOWLEGGEDNESS among Pueblos........-. 174
BATHING among Indians... -..:=.-----....-- 30 | BREASTS—
BATISTA, Pin bibliopraph yee: eae -t-< =e 408 affections of—
BAXTER, J. P., in bibliography............. 424 ADA CHOS een oh the gaat eee See 178
BEARD in the Indian, general description of. 128- Pima Rayon ae oes eae e ee 183
129, 132, 154 SUMMA yaaa see oe eee ee eee 188,191
BELLU pti bli ography ees s-mseeeeeae 408 indianvcirignssssasekeew cece eee 126
BELL, Dr. 8S. D., on epilepsy among White UAIpRChe Esra er ease 131, 310-322
MountaineApaches:a.-- 22 sess me-oee sense 177 PIMA eee Seats ee eee ee ee 131, 330-341
BENEDICT, A. L., in bibliography........... 408 INdiancwOmenieesees isso eee 76
BENSON, DR. OTIs O., on pathological con- BREID, Dr. JAcoB, on pathological condi-
ditions at Klamath and Devils Lake agen- tions at Hopi agency, N. Mex.........-- tab. 9
CLES ae eee en cine ae ee eines se tab.9 | BREWER, I. W., in bibliography..........-. 409
BESHOAR, M., in bibliography.............. 408 | BRICKELL, JOHN, in bibliography.-..-.....-- 424
BEVERAGES. See Alcoholic drinks. BRINTON, D. G., in bibliography..........- 409
BEVERLEY, ROBERT, in bibliography... .... 424 | BROCA’S SCALE, colors Of.....-----...---... 153
BISSELL, G. P., in bibliography......-....- 408 | BRONCHIAL DISORDERS—
BIZNAGAOodsplant sesso oe eee 257, 262 Apache.....-.----2-+-++2+2+20e0e2e 202 178
BLACHLY, DR. ARTHUR T., on pathological See SHG eb OAT Bo 223 3CnE> Jap ae See oe ee
omg ekey lay mard Treining, Schdol, BROSHEARS, Dx. JACKSON, on pathological
NESSES 2 Se oe eae eta --- tab.9 | “conditions at Fort Sill, Okla............ tab.9
BOSE BROWN, JOHN Mason, in bibliography... .. 424
albinism... .....-..+-++++++++-2+2+++- 198, tab.9 | BRowNELL, CHARLES DE WOLF, in bibliog-
epilepsyjeeseasceassco-se-< Jaescenmse 202, tab. 9 TANT eee ee ee ae ke kg ed ny tlm toate 424
FRNIGI 50 bon SnosehsemaseoocDoaes 199, 201,tab. 9 | BucHANAN, DR. CHARLES M.—
IN SANUbygoie= eye ees ote seine see 201, tab. 9 inEbiploprapliyaeeseeecesee eee ees. 409
pathological conditions.............--- tab. 9 on pathological conditions at Tulalip
POPUAIONE we. cecteemecccicsacce=aseesinecle tab. 9 agency, Wash....- Bots ances wnneccns tab. 9
430 INDEX :
Page Page
BuGLER, Dr. T. B., on pathological condi- CASTOR-OIL BEAN, used as remedy (Mari-
tions at Santa Fé school, N. Mex.......- tab. 9 COPB) es ois o see ee bee res a ce eRe eee 248
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY, expedi- CASTRATION (Darahwmare).:-. 2222222255 251
tion underiauspicesiofe-s.se----- ee secre 14) CATARACT; SUMIM ay aS tOsca—--asecceeeeee 189
BURNS, treatment of (Opata)....-.....---- 200)4|| \CAPARRHSCailse:Olneso-ssenee oe Seeeaeee 174
Buskirk, Dr. J. VAN, on pathological con- CATLIN, GEO., in bibliography........-....- 424
ditions at Rapid City school, 8. Dak.... tab.9 | CaureriIzaATION—
CapDo— LEA 0): 120 ee eae eee PE Ree aM eae | 241
pathological conditions. .............-- tab. 9 [esha et cae tee atoms Motte ore! 246
populationé-css5-.cesaessssceen es.o tab. 9 Marah umMares sconces ao eee 251
CALENDARIA, MEXICO, Tepehuane village... 11 Sima eee ee re Oe 249
CALENTURAS— CayusE—
by tribes— - pathological conditions.........-.-.--- tab. 9
Cora... 2... 2-22-22 2e sees tere eet eo es a population. sss Ae ee ee tab. 9
Huichol..-..------+-++-++++++++++- 186,187 | CenruRY PLANT. See Maguey.
Tepecano ..-.-....-.------------- 186,251 | CppHaLicINDEX. See Head (measurements).
Tepehuane...........--------------- 186 | CEPHALIC MODULE. See Head (measure-
Plahwilttectsr.. sackecsnacee see eter 187 ments)
Yaqui. .....----------++++++222---2+- 184 | CEREUS GIGANTEUS. See Saguaro.
summary --.------52------- 2222-22-22 == 173 | CEREUS GREGGII—
See also Malaria. food plant (San Carlos Apache).......- 257
CALLAHAN, Dr. WALTER K.—
On\diseasesiof Pimalseeee) =e =a eae 182
on pathological conditions among Shos-
ONS S -eate CS ee see ae Se ae etiae See ee tab. 9
CAMOMIEE. use of (Opaita)--235-52--c-4e--—= 250
CAMOMILE THA ISO Ole os. see sen ees 75
CAMPAMALA, insect found among Tarahu-
TAC see oat ate ee ee eee eerie 170
CaMP McDOWELL, Indians at.............- 6,10
See also Old Camp McDowell.
CANAIGRE—
food plant: (G2imM s)he aspsectectesae cleo sr 264, 265
medicinal plant—
MairiGO Pass seeace eect telsiceissisistecte 247
IPA DALO Lee saci ae eeeciciceasclaemicrone 242
Bana as eee ters eerie eeiinteisiatalesiciseisis 245
San Carlos Apache: .--.-..-----<---- 232
CANCER—
SUMMA) eee eons oe maeleeeteeeiaiseels 190, 191
‘Rare huni grees sen ecten eee oem cere 186
CANOTIA HOLOCANTHA—
adulterant of teSvinOjecsses assoc 27
food plant (San Carlos Apache). ..-.--- 258
medicinal plant (San Carlos Apache).... 233
CANTONMENT, OKLA. (Cheyenne, Arapaho)—
deaf and dumb........-.. ete ease 206, tab.9
Gyo loki es eeepc oa eede Spr ooSe 202, 204, 214, tab.9
LOLOCYisse cat sa sre tecis tee eee 204, tab.9
pathological conditions........-..-..--- tab. 9
tuberculosiss.2 = si. eeeee eee es 210, tab. 9
CAPOTES—
Neer GVM 6 tees cic aabogaoaosssacser sec 7
POPUL EON: soe seseee ee Aaa tai eaters 5
CARLISLE INDIAN SCHOOL, tuberculosis in... 217
CARR, 1: ine bibliography. scsi e- sms -1 409
CARSON SCHOOL, NEV. (Paiute)—
LAI OCY 2 «cra socin choose ese leeee See 205, tab.9
pathological conditions..........-.-...- tab. 9
SpINaCUrVALUTES |= joes csine = ele te 208, tab.9
tuberculosiswe: (esc e ee oeee 211, tab.9
CarRsON, Dr. SIMEON L., on pathological
conditions at Lower Brulé agency, 8. Dak. tab. 9
CARVER, J., in bibliography-.........-.---: 424
CASSIA COUESH, addition to tesvino.......- 27
CASTILLEIA, medicinal plant (San Carlos
IN OEYA US app sqenoconnoocccerciacuocoQau cos
used as remedy (San Carlos Apache)... 233,234
CHADWICK, Dr. J R., cited by Bowditch on
menstruation of American-born white
CHAMBERLAIN, A. F., in bibliography-.-.--- 409
CHAMBERLAIN, LUCIA 8., in bibliography... 409
CHAMBERLAIN SCHOOL, S. DAK. (Sioux)—
epilepsyacz cece ceeeereae soe ee eee 203, tab.9
POUL ae ne so se ee Sees cance ses eer 200, tab.9
pathological conditions............-..- tab.9
spinalicuryatures@-e secs 208, 209, tab.9
CHAMBERS, DR. MARSHAL E., on pathologi-
cal conditions at Rainy Mountain school,
Okay ss seeeeeence ES SueA Ra poesaC sas ee tab.9
CHAPMAN, DR. O. M., on pathological con-
ditions at Yankton agency, S. Dak....-.. tab.9
CHARACTER OF INDIANS? Js- ee os 4-0 -e eee 138
See also Habits of life.
CHARIA, medicinal plant (Tarahumare)-....-. 251
CHARLEVOIX, P. DE, in bibliography-.----...- 424
CHASTREY, H., in bibliography.-.......-.-.- 409
CHENOPODIUM, food plant......-.-------- 264, 266
CHEROKEE— ;
albinismis: tote state ee eee 198, tab. 9
epilepsy-missscccsecs eee eee ees 202, tab. 9
F220} Ws) Dee Se Se Hee ere 199, 201, tab. 9
pathological conditions.........----.-- tab.9
population. ee cees eae eee tab.9
tuberculosise2 325 5c. ee eee 211, tab. 9
CHESNUT, V. K., in bibliography... -..-...--- 409
CHEST AFFECTIONS—
Maricopa: ac.ck semen os cece e ieoee eae 244-245
Mesealeros i ig2. fhieacsache eee seceeeeeee 235
PIMA) thse cise eee sos ae teeta eersertee 244-245
MEPCCANOS, ancaecee ase eee eee 186
Tepehuanes.- 5 esses soe see eee oeeeee 186
See also Lung disorders.
CHEWING @UM (Rima) s2ee eos. eee nee eee 265
CHEYENNE—
albinismls--ceceeeeeesenee acre 198, 213, tab. 9
eretinismy. 4 essence 55. 5oe eee 213, tab. 9
destand dum baoe-e =.= 206, 207, 215, tab. 9
epllepsye.oistecoseesesoee 202,204,214, tab. 9
PefoyH Re) Pace Seno ee Sodosacnoc 199, 201, 213, tab. 9
idiOCYaeseerer aeceeeeeeeaeeeee 204, 215, tab. 9
INSANbyieneseeeseeee eee esse eee 213, tab. 9
INDEX 431
CHEYENNE—Continued. Page | CHILDREN, INDIAN—Continued. Page
MONStLOSILIGS eee se oe ee eee eee 215, tab. 9 STOW LAE eee Secon cate Sate eae Ree 112
populationGyeese see eS wate sees tab. 9 headideformation==-22520o4 22-0 aaeseee 79-84
spinalicurvatumres.22---t-... 2. 208, 216, tab. 9 head erowtbOfes.s s+. 1 eee ee 116-120, 131
tUDOLCHIOSIS@s seam eens noe a 210,217, tab. 9 head measurements—
CHEYENNE AND ARAPAHO AGENCY, OKLA. NDACH OSA: See aoe 267-275, 342-344
See Arapaho, Cheyenne. PUN Ge eee. Vase sree 276-282, 345, 347
CHEYENNE RIVER AGENCY, S. DAK. (Black- height of body, of trunk. ...._- 112-114, 130-131
feet, Sioux)— LOO CV semen es a en ee Ies tab. 9
al DIMES en Aes seta ccciaes Sorebe 198 MOSAIC yPReee ce eRe a eh ee te tab. 9
deshomnataumb sess nce seteeciceeacs =. 206 left-hand ediesshaee sees epee eo 130
Qpilensygeerce cece asc se seccic 202 locomotion (San Carlos Apache).........- 129
POOLE Hoon kes s cnica ne Rescecerbns 199 TH GMS iret bl One eee ee ee 132
LGIOCVamec eee ee eres sae Sa ceeeeetes 204 ANACHO Repeece. 4s. 4 = 125-128, 131, 310-322
INISHUITU EEE oe ses eee eet a bee 201 MOhawersee eta hi a Peco sem 8 127-128
pathological conditions ............-.-. tab. 9 im aes alee eae ek ae 125-128, 131, 330-341
CHICKENPOX— TNOMSULOSIDLCS sass enee ee eas See tab. 9
EO Pilsner acetate seine sonecem ecules 180 muscular force—
NFA VEIN O Meese eee ccs at mee tick cteinls s breve 239 FA DAC Gta eee eee 108-112, 130, 283-292
CHILDBIRTH— Pimaeern sce 108-112, 130, 292-299, 346, 347
by tribes— nursing (Pima, San Carlos Apache).... tab. 1
PAD ACO Sse eee Sect Sail eiae cae ew REE 56-58 DANI CSee eee Neem eR ae eee eee tee 87
LO PIeee et olsee 6 oe ae otek ceetinwkes 61, 226 physical condition—
IMI CHO Leet aa see fat -ea seas aee 63 Apach@sces sacs ee casei tab. 1, 299-322
MairICO Passe ee co ase seas ee oe 60 PIMA See teeiae econ noe seco tab. 1, 322-341
Mohavencse iss nomena ssc ss aoe 61, 184, 249 pubertys2easeeeeee eee es 125-129, 131-132
Nahant cst ee ace cee ames 63 TOONS Sen rs Sad ae ee ea Ra 89-90
IS GRGIC LSE Se cape: Meat GOneE eae 58 IAT ACH Ga Falls Ree a eel eA th. 91, 93-96,
Operates as sees See Sass 61-62 101-103, 105-106, 108, 130, tab. 1, 283-292
TEED OYEFE{0) ctr a ae ER nen IEE 60 BEOTO OT DE Sse 0 ee ee Sc a 92-96, 101-103,
Rim pees eee eae 59-60, 64, 69-72 105-106, 108, 130, tab. 1, 292-299, 346-347
Rio Grande Pueblos...........---..- 61 skin and appendages................-. 153-154
San Carlos Apache..........- 64, 66-69, 234 special physiological studies on........_- 87-88
Siatees Seen seo eases een eee 61 Spinalicurvatures: 5. 022s cemine ace ee tab. 9
Marahumare. 226. cs ewace skeet 61, 228 respiration—
ERAT ASCO Semen ae ea hs ema 63 AD ACHES. sa Sees ose one" 130, tab. 1, 283-292
MENECANO Sea nelmeas oS aoseies 62-63, 186, 251 BIMA Sn cecs Sens sees tab. 1, 292-299, 346, 347
eI Alena Ke C seers peer neha pa see 63 Soetlatsiaal, Wis Seve ne soscdoecosebcepoeecne 31
PAGO ay p= toad Ey ne ON RO ee a een 61 statures—
urduion Gt aboresser ce esaase -seee eee 63-64 Apache=: =: --- 88-89, tab. 1, 267-275, 342-344
general conditions. -.-.........-- cis aes 55-56 PIMA as ao seeh rae 88-89, 276-282, 345-347
lacerationsee eee sa) eee eee ee 189,191 teeth—
lackiorprecattions-ss eas sec eee 229 Apache... 96-99, 122-125, 131, tab. 1, 299-322
TEM STOUS CUStOMS Ne ssee eee een eae 59,61 (Rimdensas se SE eae ee Eee 96-99,
See also Abortion, Pregnancy. 122-125, 131, 184, tab. 1, 322-341
CHILDREN, INDIAN— talkin ge ses eae cl Act ean eases ce ecce 129
adolescencel sae sesso eee 128-129, 132 temperature—
CA lovbeliciaat fated Gye ee pea ee ears tab. 9 Apache...-..-- 106-108, 130, 283-292, 343, 344
approximation of ages..................-- 101 Pimassose shoe 107-108, 130, 292-299, 346, 347
breasts— treatment at birth’. >. 5-2--- ---2- ----- 234,245
Apache (girls 325; snares tee 310-322 IMONAaVC sasae seni sase ee sexes eae 75
Pima (eel Sem. oe. teste aaa a eee 330-341 INSVAN Osean eee eee oeeemese 74
Crevinism=, ..---4-----224-s= 26, 28
COLORADO RIVER AGENCY, ARIZ.— CORNEA Jatiections!0f=.-- 225) -e-e eee eee 189
Mohawveiait® < sa: sa-ce tacnie. Sone eee ae 6,38 | CouDERT, Dr. FRANK E., on pathological
pathological conditions............-.-.- tab. 9 conditions in Santa Fé school, N. Mex.,
tuiberculOsisy.. isc -crics cccoaes cclee ace 219, tab. 9
tab, 9.
INDEX 4338
CoucHs— Page | Crows—Continued. Page
ISMACHOs os cmae seas maean-heoce 232, 233, 239 GOULCES ctce aimee coseecak asaces 199,201, tab. 9
FL OD ee eeee ae ieniseiccsenieeea-maeriaei eis 181 AGiOCY/ siete ess cc ss tias seasons aioe 204, tab. 9
iuicholeeeer rosea ste tenella oasis ase 186 ISAM Gore yj apheein ciate = wae 201, 202, tab. 9
IMestalenossener ceetissce ster sat eee noe ats 239 pathological conditions ................ tab. 9
IN aval One - ee nee Soc cbaicinie os ssysiereei 239 DOPUWIMbLO nase oe aoe rss ee eee cares tab. 9
[Pinas Me ae Ss ciate Sse cing dc Somes Sem 245 spinal’ curvatures----4....-.-..< 208, 209, tab. 9
SOUUHERINUIGOR mesos ats (-fatesssrersis.are ois (s)= 176 Guberculosistmen--2-- cece. --- ee 210, 218, tab. 9
CovILLE, F. V., in bibliography..........-- 410 | CUAUTEPEC, MEXICO, Tlahuiltec village... _. 13
COVILLEA TRIDENTATA, medicinal plant— CUCURBITA PALMATA, medicinal plant
Mata CO DEE tatecis letersi aman eam 244-245, 248 (Bima) Roses emcee aster ae tach oticsnnes 246
PAPA Onan ss One sees see oSeee wacko see. 242 | CULLEN, DR. CHAS. D., on pathological con-
IRAN Rema sae enc cana scsecectas 74, 244-245, 247 ditions at Mount Pleasant, Mich......... tab. 9
Sant Canlos@Apachess 22...c. coc s se seee- 233 | CURRIER, A. F., in bibliography............. 410
COWANTASuserol (Hopi)= =262 2 s2-225-5-2-- 240 | CusHING, FRANK HAMILTON—
Cox, Dr. HoRACE W., on pathological con- cited on—
ditions at Puyallup agency, Wash., tab. 9 primitive surgery -....:.-......-...- 241
Cox Rossin bibliography... 2 --- 25. --.-—- 424 CAB At Bart A See ease ace ae 9, 23, 54
CoryoTE— invhibliographyiacs= score cece eee oe ce eee 410
Pima notions concerning.........-.--... 243 | CYLINDRIOPUNTIAS, food plants (Pima) ... 261,262
EADIE ANS Gee eree sie os sat ais eiaiemeininioim arose 54 | DAFFNER, F.—
CoYOTERO APACHE, COYOTEROS— cited on physical data for children - ..-. 88, 89
WOGRELONE Rasen sie sae Seis ais clelniaisciefoece ass 8 onidentitioner.-- sees: see Sas eerie 96-99, 122
POpUlationers sconces ueceeinsssciseeces 5 | DA LACERDA, J. B., in bibliography .....-. 410
TES VITIONN AGE DYecmne oc .e soaets oom QTAMDANGES¢ eae acs conse Set serene oe secieasc 34-35, 154
CRADLES, CRADLE-BOARDS...........---..-- 79-82 | DARLING AND WINDER, in bibliography... 410
CRANIAL DEFORMATION. See Head (defor- DARTON, N. H:.; work of cited ........-...-- 2
mation). DASYDIRION; Ssotol made from... ~- 5... -- - 26
CRANIAL DIAMETERS. See Head (measure- DATURA ISO Olmertac nebiecrasencce ec meceecae- 28, 173
ments). Davis, DR. EDWARD J.—
CRAWLING on part of Indian children 84, 99-100, 129 on abortion among Zufii...--...........- 164
CREEKS— on diseases of Zuni.........-...- 181, 216, tab. 9
MUU SOS es ctoelis wc ean cicle cneee cece eis 141
TOSDITALION sae = .5/2 eos cee aces ae Ee eS 142
See also Muscogee Creeks.
CRETINISM—
physicians’ reports on..--.-. Baedse 213, tab. 9
SUIT A TY joy o ots ota siaiaslote rem tale/oisiniesistcis,s ess 190, 201
CRICKET, as a medicine (Papago)....-....-- 242
CRIME among Indians, account of......- 166-171
See also Suicide.
GROUP) BDSONCE OLS same oosen eae one eee cee ss 188
See also Diphtheria.
CROUSE, C. W., agent, on diseases of White
MountaincA pache® --=-.2ssscss— sa actrees 217
CROW AGENCY, Mont. (Crows)— ;
MINIS; yao j-.4e- bs - scisjsee ee sess 2 198, tab. 9
deahandidumbiss-2 5. see cece eee 206, tab. 9
epllepsyete-a52 ee a ec esueeeeeeee 203, tab. 9
POWESLS oe Seas ise ne siosee a siseeen eae 199, tab. 9
IOIOCY see hoe aia oes ose eee gee 204, tab.9
AISA Gye e eee eee Ae ee ee 2 201, tab. 9
pathological conditions --.............. tab.9
spinalicnmvaturessc. a. -2 42-222 o5e2 208, tab. 9
tuberculOsise sees ccccomcccsaseeeeene 210, tab. 9
CROW CREEK AGENCY, S. Dak. (Sioux)—
desiiandidumbressaseaceessesceesa- 207, tab. 9
Cpllepsyseseerccsesae see ease eae 203, tab. 9
PE) Roe Seas DanC C AE SCe een eee aoe 200, tab. 9
pathological conditions ...............- tab. 9
spinal curvatures...-....-.-.-.- 208, 209, tab. 9
tuberculosistesasn sce 2 eos eee 210, tab.9
Crows—
albinism ase ee ee aoe ee 198, tab.9
dedinandidiumbsscec. se. aseaees 206, 207, tab. 9
epilepsyi-s-=-e - peteeieielataae eer eeeeee 203, tab. 9
3452—Bull. 34—08——28
DEAF AND DUMB—
by tribes—
HOpinateseescesec ces sees Wome Sete 180
HiitichoOleeeeasacere tae oe Se wie neiee ns 187
JICATU as Pesos eee esa eee eae onc 178
IPADEE Osawa cee ceaeecistieeeenicele ae 182
MargQhumaresess sso eee eee ee 185
JAD Sens En Oe ae a ee ae ee 181
physicians’ reports on...-...-- 198, 215, tab. 9
SUMMA TY 72 or ciss sais ss ciewiste Scie eee 190, 206-207
DEAFNESS—
LO pbc iocre ee eicisienis cee sac sericea 180
OPabase 2 see aces misctrsoeiels se sloeeciaeee 184
PPA Sse estes Sate Sara cis as siniatainie Slnls wate eye 182
See also Deaf and dumb.
DE FoREST, J. W., in bibliography.-.....-. 410
DEFORMITIES—
ODI. Pees saeees a deste sos seaceoee 180, 181
IPapatonaaeee cee cetoeeeewiee ese 182
Souther Wites=sno-scer ees eee ceeasc ee 176
SUIMM ANY a- cee cise n ance eee ee aces 174
See also Abnormalities, Head (deforma-
tion), Monstrosities.
DEMENTIA—
ING VRID OM Rema pecme cement se ica seaaacene 180
SaniCarlosmesenvatloneas-ssee. nooo 177
See also Insanity, Mania.
DEMENTYEFF, Doctor, cited on develop-
Ment Omuscularioree ==. eo-ese sees eee 109
DEMLER, DR. T. B., on pathological condi-
tions at Sekani school, Ind. T ........... tab.9
DENTAL CARIES—
12h 550 Baro SetoS See Oe eae ane 182, 183
SUMMA Yoo so se ae osem asa eeame sees 190, 191
TLATARUMATOe sass a 2e5 a arae see eae eae 186
434 INDEX
Page | Page
DENTITION. See Teeth. | DOWLER, B., in bibliography -.---.::2:-.-.- 411
DEVILS LAKE AGENCY, N. DAK. (Sioux)— DRAKE, BENJ., in bibliography.---....--..- 424
Geatandidump sere eee eee 207,tab.9 | DREAMS among Indians~.-.--.:-.-..-+..-.- 87,155
Gpilepsy _< ... 22222. -3.22 2. 134
insanity in female sex.........-.------- 177 physical types. sae eee eee 10, 13, 133
ODGSI LY. 62 fens <5 Sete oe oe eeeeae® 157 popula tionee eee eee eee eee eee eae 6, tab. 9
occupations.-- oe sasee earn eee ass i 17-19 precautions against disease............. 230
Peyote used bye -s4- ee eee eee 173 Proportionvofsexes===.54---e- eee eee 38
Sizeroffamilies see -eee eee eee eee 41-42, 43-44 pulse and respiration..........__- 138, 365-366
skin and appendages....------------- 153-154 Sizejoitamiliesas eee sas 43
StAbUTES see soca eaten ote osname 152 spinalicunvatures!s.--sssee =e eee eee tab. 9
Erlbes visited sas s-ee soe eee ee eee 5, 6-7 staturess- 22.23. ase eee tere 132, 133,135, 137
tuberculosis.--. 2 ssscs¢sd2e-. seo es cccissenece maar se 173, 251 physical conditions.......- tab. 1,322-341
Mexican Indians in general..-.....-- 173 DUlSe ese ss seem see ae 92-96, 101-103,
Opata nee: qc sgeneem semseeet eee 250 105-106, 108, 130, tab. 1, 292-299, 346, 347
Panag oti <4uce- acess cere sees 242,244 TESpiTratione secs -e-—- esceeeeeeeees 93-96,
PIMA 12 haste ease neee cee etiees 244 103-106, 108, 130, tab. 1, 292-299, 346, 347
MoarahwmMaynres.s.- soc e- esses ot 250, 251 Sitting =~ 22.2325. s eee ee eee 129
Mepecano = 4... ka sosaee see AEE 251 standing’... ( SHAWNEE— SKIN, affections of—
ita SN 25S AeA ae OG Ee eo eB aren 202, tab. 9 hniGidin Seen eee nee eee wae 153-154, 191
pathological conditions..............-- tab. 9 WIRIGES) 5322 e< soccer cece cccnisince sid elevate 154-155
DOP UAONer tees so cecice Sees scenes tab. 9 See also Acne, Albinism, Eezema, Ele-
SHAWNEE AGENCY, OKLA., tuberculosis at.. 210, | phantiasis, Impetigo, Itching, Vitiligo.
211,tab.9 | SLEEP—
SHAWNEE SCHOOL, OKLA., pathological con- nm Giamispe sesmaseise sce aemas esse see e.s 154-155
GULTON ST erases eases oie aie aera Nene eee tab. 9 WInTEOS Aejac ee sce eee ticle gale cae ec: fesse s 154
SHERRY, DR. L. C., on pathological condi- SMALLPOX—
tions in Vermilion Lake school, Oreg.... tab.9 by tribes—
SHIWINAKWIN, Zuii village....--.......-.. 9 BACK OM Eos t caiatncee seecese tances 178
SHOSHONI— COPaR atoms saisercsciontes sinae cele 187
deakandrdtimbrc esscseee cease ce aee= 207, tab. 9 ENO Ditech rereev on ae ele re Ses ere obseele 229
epilepsy.--.-.-.. ol ostattens 203, 204, 214, tab. 9 FUICH Olen seo e eeeeniee Hee eae 186
ON EOR SS No SempH ISH ORE CHOSE eee 200, 201, tab. 9 Nia yal Ocameiiese ees erste wa oye Seis 180, 229
DML OC Yan one = see se co sisteinisase ook aketees 205, tab. 9 Marahinrsre se sees eee nee 185, 229
MUSA yea see Que arene Sere 202, 213, tab. 9 MRepeChin Ose e eae a a netaer teres ie 186
TMMOMGUROSIUIOS ae ee amaretto pe testis 215, tab. 9 DUT ete rar Bars GS aS Saree os Seton ee 181
DOpWahlONe ese ce eee ase eee tab. 9 SUMMA Vere soe aie hear ace eres 189, 190, 191
SPINA CUnVaALUITeS ene 2 4-6 ae 4s se 208, tab. 9 | SMELL, SENSE OF, among Indians .....-...-. 154
tuberculosis: 5.6: .-=-2 210, 211, 218-219, tab. 9 | SmiTH, DR. CALVIN K., on pathological con-
SHOSHONI AGENCY, Wyo. (Shoshoni, Arap- ditions at Shoshoni agency, Wyo.....--- tab. 9
aho)— SMOKING pACCOUNG Olmert eee eeeee secon ee 30,173
deaivand dumbjes as: -.-s2e-22--ose see ene 207 | SNAKE BITES—
Epilepsyect ntoose ss ad oakieecee ches 203, tab. 9 by tribes—
POM Hae Siete aaa see ace eee se seee ee 200, tab. 9 Cora ese see hase vad ese ccishinsina ve 251
MOTO Y= ete arg oo oe ae tales ase ae Se 205, tab. 9 NRO Piso a4 pases crnaie seas aise seetoosl 241
pathological conditions...........-.--- tab. 9 Mesealerosi.< cia oe nce ceee eesneccee 237
Spinalicunvatures: <.--.--:| \SURGERW: shee sassbes scene eae eee 222
See also Capotes, Moache, Wiminuche. by tribes—
SPEECH, detectsiof (Hopi) f2.-.-ssssee eeeeee 180 Bai choles. 2 ease eee eee ee 251
See also Talking. Maricopaict 25).5 2s eee 248
SPINAL CURVATURES— Navaho.s 22. nto eee eee 240
San Carlos Apache. -...--............... 178 Torahuimanreso soe a ee 250, 251
physicians’ reports ON... -- 2-5 2.-- 216, tab.9 SWAN, (Cas in bibliography BN ten ete ee 422
Wes wage ah ee 208-209 | Swan, J. G., in bibliography..............- 429
pathological conditions................ tab. 9 owen, ELE Fn NO SEN Peg aa
ODULAtOTE Ss eh. nee eee ee eee tab.g | SWEAT Erase
SPORTS: prevalence Ol. s.cse es see eee 30 by tribes—
SPRINGFIELD SCHOOL, S. DAK., pathological COTM... 2. 2-2-2000 eee eee e cere ee teens 252
ConditionsiN=ss.ssse=-serseee oss aeee see tab.9 Mescaleros...-...-----+-+-+++++++-+- 236
SPRINGSIO£ region- visited ss *.. ease secee ae 4 | INE EN e ae eeeeececaoenaissseccancs: 238
SquikER, E. G., in bibliography............ ADT Otomii ese eee peer eae ee eee 253
SRDINKO, O., on European births by sexes. . 39 | Pimalee Sk esc ate oe nee 246-247
STANDING in Indian children .......... 99-100, 129 | Sani@arlos Apaches. - sc. seo 32, 234
STANDING RocK AGENCY, N. Dak. (Sioux)— | hut POPs 5 peo ecgaee eee oe ee ee Cee 16
deatiand (dunibr ss scc.-o-ee eens 207, tab. 9 purification by: 2+... ecsss--= a= oes 223
Opllepsyc2tao- ect sanocs ateenee sees 203, tab.9 | SWETLAND, L., in bibliography...........-. 425
IMO CYrnc see mace ose eenneeeeeee 205, tab.9 | SWIMMING, prevalence of.....-......---..-- 30, 32
insanityasss te eens eee 202,tab.9 | SyPHILIS—
BOLLEr Ss oF OSes comin cae esieeiee 200, tab. 9 by tribes—
pathological conditions....-........... tab.9 15 0) 0) WIE ASR Soe AU ACA AO acots 181
population? 2255 22. ee eeece ee one tab. 9 aN E42) 10 ee See eee PS ce 179
tuberculosiss--ece seer ere erence 210, tab. 9 PIMs cd steck tes sec bea ea neeeen eee 245
INDEX 455
Sypuitis—Continued. Page | TaArAsco—Continued. Page
by tribes—Continued. Girl dbinthye roe eaten a eee ser sae 63
Stoysidelynat Whine See ee ee ee 176 | CISERSOSMOR. sooo. ce nese te an os 187
TN Nigslalbbadch esses 54h oar Se Bee ee eee 186, 250 drimkennessis a. .2-cen se ease 74
MAU ae hese oe ceramoee aco seeceees 184 LOOUS eye eae, Pee < Sone erase yoet ls ee 266
Pere sgn Ace cistata's sis ciabisie > Ho S's 181 | PIGYNESS2 Ak es at eee 160, 161, 405-406
iripulOIMOk eae meee ace hee aeeets Los 193 | hegdideformatione 2-25-2654. ose 83
POLE COM UUuA DIAM ee ase eeeceteser ce sae sae 191 | OCR LION spren sont eee eee 112
[oueMieN The Peel oe re eases CeO ae meee 189 muscular force......- 145, 147, 149, 150, 390, 392
TAaBUS— OCCUPATIONS een cee an ae ee ce eee 18,19
NCE ai Cello) ce CHa MBSE ese emcee acne 60 pPhysical'environment..:-.5-2.-..25.2.. 134
in connection with— physicallitype-tse2.-5--0- 2. 5-o- 050s 12,13, 134
aRseeth sg gen aes Aaa ae oe 221, 223 OD Ula Oe seen) As, oe ee ve
HOO Gl cae ne ERE PARSE RE SOIC RES 20, 23, 24 pulse and respiration.........__.. 139, 370-371
Meng (hUAuON = sees: -ke nce ones 157 statures (average) ............ 133, 134, 136, 137
PUELM ANC Vis meek eae eek Solo yes joe OOo LOS | LEMUPET AU UTC tame oe eee 139, 370-371
violation of among Hopi...-.......-.--- 226 TAREQUATO, MEXICO, Tarasco village...... 12
TALKING in Indian children..........------ 84,100 | TascarINGA, Tepehuane village............ 11
iDEA as Scene ee eee eee eee 129 | TascaTE SABINO, medicinal plant (Tarahu-
Nam CarlostApachel: s80. =. -.---<-252--c 129 TULA) Bs eee et a a IA te 9 tg 250
See also Speech. TASTE, sense of (Indian adults)........._.. 154
Taos PUEBLOS— TATE, Dr. SAMUEL, on pathological condi-
GharaGtelee seta ce maetecani sce neicoee 33 tions at Warm Spring agency, Oreg._...- tab. 9
EO OU eeemersyer ys ete ere era Sensi Sipe’ -fSE 2A Ve OOING eee atais Sete os eC A 15
intermixture with Jicarillas........-..- 9 | Perry in Indians, in—
investigations among............--.---- Dy Cs eee ee ei se eee ee eRe we De 158
statures (average)-:...-...--.---.- 133, 136, 137 | AlbInOSP eee ss ae ees fey fs ee Cen 193
TAPEWORMS— Childirenyeee see a sae aa eee ee 84
previalencevOleane a. = Secaq- As -ssdese tesa: 188 Apache .. 96-99, 122-125, 131, tab.9, 299-322
remedy for (Mescaleros) ..-.........----- 236 JEN OC eee a ee as ete 96-99,
TAPLIN, Dr. A. E., on pathological condi- 122-125, 131, 184, tab. 1, 322-341
tions at Sisseton agency, S. Dak. ....--- tab. 9 See also Dental caries.
TARAHUMARE— TEIT, JAMES, in bibliography ............... 422
Dlbimi smipeese eee wees eee eet 192 | Trmoaya, MEXICO, Tepehuane village. .._.. 11
alconolic\d rinks 2-aj6- ee laseoe = 28 | TemMPpERATURE—
Daldmessea = ses oa secaceee ees cece as ee 162 | Indians—
ehitldbint bites. 2 Ae. sae eeneae eee 61, 228 | FGI INC oss ae at ae Eee 130
Grit dine neesee sec eme sis a ee sere ses 75, 79, 87 | SdUItS He ee erase see 138-143. 152, 348-371
Chimeras Aeek saccades doseec 170 | ADIN OSG eee eee ee ee. 193-194
desireifor childrenas <2... 2.2.22 -2-- 53 children—
GURGASCS ga cgon ata Tome Neaee aeecees 185-186 Apache... 106-108, 130, 283-292, 343, 344
folkemedicine) {ees s-.- 42 eee sees se-, 200-251 ipinia)eress 107-108, 130, 292-299, 346, 347
LOOd Samnceicies eet erect ee ee ee 21, 24-25, 266 pW Gages s eae ist ea ks 107, 108, 130, 142, 152
PIAV MOSS eas eet sees ees 160,161,404 | PenERAcA, Tepehuane village.............. 11
MAD LSeOlslife tsa ae ae te ee aero 34-35 | Denon, — — cited onsexratioin stature... 135
headidetorma tions: -sa6 7 -=6 = asaes=— 83 | TpepEcANo— 3
OLSEN -pobneendssesseosasekesuceseeane 1,ul alcoholicidrinkes 2). 2. 2%
IMS CTA Pe ae eee es mee eet ania 50 characterwasee et as Rael elm wees. 35
HN GN QUE TINA. oc Se = eee eacecee suecede 228 Child birt heeeeree eee ees ee 62-63, 251
MUTSINPyORiM tan GS setae nee ee ee 79 | (ESTAS 3055 ae OR Rs SD Se es i are 171
OCCUPATIONS = Nema oe ema oea erases: 17 | ISCRSCH ME eat a ae eR Se ae ON ISG. 186
physicalvaminities)<. =e. se ene sess. 10,12, 13 | fOUISNOS Sere ames sper abet fete 229
MOlye ay ee c saeco eee sete sec es 50 | EO lke CCICINC toe ees eae clo 251
POV UlAtOMea tase ene een are ose eee 7 | TOOU Sixtratiotcer iat ce ee eee se eee ney 266
precautions against disease........... 230, 231 | SOS TALON Maa ceo seh ea Sara ace ee 54
PUlSer esses eee se ose 139, 140, 141, 142, 368 headideformationese ss sae een esas 24 eee 83
TOSMIPATON eg o-. shen Soke oe 139, 140, 368 | gufumileldese ssc s eke ta ae th ee 165-166
similarity to other tribes.-..-......:..- 35 | RORBELO MES Soy ottetcia s seers om ag ae oy sts ill
Smallpox 424822 2-25: eee ees ces 229 | IMEC ICIHe-MICN Seer sayy eee a Lae 229
statures (average) .-...-..:.-:.:-- 133, 136, 137 | physical environment.................. 134
SLeniIe WOMCI Sia ite ee oe eee eae 52 | ipliysicalttypeny-oos-ee-neesen ee. a: 12; 13, 134
STLiCicl Geena EPs Ue Ree Hyer re 171 | Oly arnyes see ee eee nek tre 51
TeMIPELaUTe ee \-)- seca soe 139, 140, 141, 368 | PODIUM ncn aa se eeya pate ae Tee 7
TARANTULA, as a remedy (Tarahumare).... 250 | statures (average) ...............- 133, 136, 137
TARASCO— | TEPEHUANE—
aleoholietiquors snne--ceees-oeseee eee c 28 | aleoholicidrinkisme senses ee 28
aldnessSaeesea ee ecicce st seme wee cece ee 162 Charactereer aso acc ceisee ed eee 35
ChamaClen ise ene aeee seiteae te fee ao ee eH OO CEIIGS ae clase se ras ee rae oe 171
456 INDEX
Page | : Page
TEPEHUANE—Continued. TOPINARD, P., cited on sex differences in
diseases f2c22-2 3 acceeen ee seseseteeeeese 1861] datatume: sis 4-2. Ae ee ee 135
TOOOS Sac ee nc naeoteseessssoctesess sees 24,266 | TOTONILCO, MEXICO, Mazahua village... -.-. 12
head detormation=-s-eecs ae acee eee ae 83 | TOWNSEND, Dr. ELLIS P., on pathological
\ocHtiONee-peese ee eee eee eee eee eer ee ee uate conditions at Cheyenne River agency,
phy sicaliafimibies ss\s soe ee = 11, 12,13 MOM 5225252522 ecb acisoecer nes eee tab.9
POpUlabioneee ssa eee eee a -e eee =e 7 | TOWNSEND, JOHN, keeper of gambling
Sizeioteramihes! te anc see cees coer eae eee 43 NOUSC. - 178 on childbirth among Hopi--.....--...-- 61
EUCTULOMN Ole 2 sacs aiate cnsietiare sew tees aerate cian 1825), VULTURES, tabmarainst.o.-.2.c.22- 2-2 54
EIB OIO Lares eae ce sass ces cisieiaaee = accts 16,240 | WarnamoTa, MEXICO, Cora village. .......- 12
UTE— Waltz, THEODOR, in bibliography........-- 423
desieandaumib)o-.. 2-2 2--cone- vans - 207, tab.9 | WaLAPAI—
OpluepSyieee ss. ee-seas- occas esses 203, tab. 9 | HGUTaA Used DY saeesne tens seen cone 173
(RO I Oe poke eee Opes pe Soares 200, 201, tab. 9 | det and dumib =~ 22555------------- 207, tab. 9
head development (infancy)..........-. @ Gesiretomebildren=.- ces. cssacie ce sae §2
NOLOGY eerste ote tai ee eee 205, tab. 9 Gisedses teres 4c5 | he sens eee 2 179
ISAT G Yo os oe sc shinee te ee sae ses 202, tab. 9 | epilepsyee esa: tae cee eee 203, 204, tab. 9
intermixture with Jicarillas............. 9 TACIT PAIN TING ete suse eee cise eee 14
mative milcoholic drinks 29-2222 - 3- sock ese tesees cess oeecee tab.9 Medicine lodges. 7. 2s ss221 se ses eee 225
spinal. curvatures=.0----6-e. 208, 209, tab.9 medicine-menl.cse5-ccn soe eee 224-225
WARTS (Mescaleros))).-2-2:---54--2--s-ecce= 179 mnenstrual feast +22 seca ences ener 48
WASHIHAP, MEXICO, Cora village.........-- 12 muscular force............ 144, 147, 150, 151, 152
WATER, medicinal remedy (Huichol) ...--... 251 physical environment. ............-....: 134
WATER SUPPLY of region visited. See also physical-ty pen. co.%. 3. bose ot ee eee 134
Rainfall. Poly Pam ys. sc cccascoteesmcosece esse 49
WAZAMOTA, MEXICO, Cora village.......-.-. 12 populations =. x25 secc ee ace eee 5
WEBB, DE W.., in bibliography......-....... 423 Proportion! Of SCxXeS=oc-c es. e45ee eee 38
WEIGHT— prostitution j.2 recone aac eee 49
Indians— pulse, respiration, and temperature. .... 140,
SAOleScentS =. 2225.05 (jo~ one ace eee nse! 131 348-349
adults— size of families oss. 2 - see eee ees 42
Apache sys scxseece Seco steers 342, 343 sterile women Jo72 jasseeee sey -e ee cece 51-52, 165
IE Ween 55550 Snba shod saSee ss - 345,347 | SUICIOC Eee are eese keen eee ae eee eee 171
children— tesvino madelby eee see eoeee ce eee 27,173
AACN S! eh SS ee as cr eae 111-112, tuberculosis: 12. 2205s. ces acer 217
114, 116, 131, 267-275, 342,343 | WHITE RIVER INDIANS. See Ute.
Pim) o% ce ieae ceaeccsescecmestiee 111-112 | WuiTEs—
114-116, 131, 276-282, 345, 347 American—
Vidali fee E eee soppoAouenashoocchacceae 114-116, 131 | inths! bysSexesis seo -- ss once 39
WELCKER, — —, cited in connection with children—
Gentition:. 22. ecmaus-< ace soe eee saeiee er 96 | Gentitioneeceses eee eae 122, 123, 131
WENATCHEE— BrOWths:caece Soecjeysseceeeeeets 112
TUS CUA ET ONCE eset te eee ental lelere 149 | heightia oo. os cccc 2228 We ecia wae 88-89
DUISOWALO somites eee meee 141 | WIENStLUATION = 2 coo5 fo asco 132
WESTERN NAVAHO SCHOOL, N. Mex.— muscular foree sess se- 109, 110, 112, 180
Indians ints $252 easasse cee cee caer 6 | pulseyuaiiccs sess 91-93, 101-103, 108
pathological conditions...............- tab. 9 | respiration ....- 93-95, 101, 103-104, 108
WESTERN SHOSHONI AGENCY, NEy. (Sho- temperature: 222. -2-eccee 107, 108, 130
shoni)— Weight: <:22jccccceenseceeces 114-116, 131
LOL OCY Aa cee eee ieee woe ees ere 205, tab. 9 Constipation. o.-c- eee eee 189
pathological conditions................ tab. 9 | deafiand dumb:---sseseere ee eee 207
spinal curvatures...............-.. 208, tab. 9 Giseases. .. 355.5 5o05% essen eee 187
tuberculosis tees -e eee eee 210, tab. 9 | POMEL. oe dee saieenisseciees sesesee 201
WESTFALL, DR. GEO. R., on pathological idiocy... a54. 5 oe. oe eee 206
conditions among Cheyenne and Arapaho. 213, influence on Indians ....-....- 31-36, 49-51,
214, 215, 216, 217, tab. 9 54, 62, 63, 174, 178, 184,
Wir AD liqtior madewiromes 225 eases 4 28 189, 191, 237, 238, 249, 252
WHEELER, DR. H. R., on pathological con- insanity: sce eeeeeeee BRacese 202
ditions at Sauk and Fox agency, Okla... tab. 9 muscular force s2cce-ese-5 sesso ee 148, 152
WHEELER, R. A.— population by ages... -- esse 40
cited as authority on region investi- proportion! Of sexes cj. -sse=e=5 37
Fas e(0 eae seen ei Rho n cris eat 2 joe eEeeenedgpeccbode ssocasoreads 141-142
invbibliogra phys. ees oeae eeceeeeeee 425 VESpiration’J52.c-ss.cce so ecieesiensee 142
WHIRLWIND, Pima notions concerning..... 244 | SENSES ace oxeleeeie Steere se eee eee 154
IWIBISKY. SUSC LOLs sciss.-e cremieetaanc ieee neers || SK see od Sa ee 154, 155
WHITE, DR. T. R., on pathological condi- | SIGEPis.. Jee ese see ee eee Eee 154
tions among Mohave...............- 219, tab. 9 | spinal Cubvahures ss. == 52 -=eee=eeee 209
WHITED, STEPHEN, SPECIAL AGENT, on adul- stature in relation to sex.......-..- 135
tery among Apache. .2:. 2... -2.20...<2,2- 51 | temperature... ...-.<<.-sc0ce-2--62 142, 152
WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE— | tuberculosissca-25-e asses eee 211
BboOrtlon ss sess 28 oe etieceaeeie -aaiseeeee 164 European—
Hericuliures< 32.02; ses Hester east 17 DINGS Dy SOKES erect aalelallele aioe 39
flecoholieidninkse S22 45. ee eee eee 28 ya Ey ashye Se cenasesssoonSaocossecoodSr 204
childibinthes 222 = ac hese ee pee 56-57 tuberculosissas. 4-0-=c=s ose eee 211
CPIM Gteyh! 2s slatoe ation ee eee eae 169 | WHOOPING COUGH—
desire forjichildren)-2-2 soees-se eee eee eee 52 | Navaho 2so=t. ee hes tacsiseigetes eee 180
iSedseS)..21 cans case core nee ee eee 177, 187 | SUIMIMATY.- © oe oa es saci oes -e re oesieeee 190
efiectof tulipiion--eeo-ee eee eee eee 177 | WicHrra—
follo medicines.) - << 2. Se cins aioli loonie 231 | pathological conditions among .......-.. tab.9
£0010 ke ee ee SS OI 20, 22 | population. .2.25.-. 5c. ceanaseceee eee DO Dae
BOiter: Sah sa el ose osee eee eee 199,201 | WIGGLESWORTH, DR. A.M., on pathological
Head delormabion saeco sre eee eel 83 conditions among White Mountain
location ss.5-oviseleneie ce mosmcieee Shares 1,8 WA MAChe . rice onieiaicieoreielc vie eerie nntatede 217, tab. 9
i
ee
INDEX 459
Page Page
WILKES, CHARLES, U.S.N.,inbibliography. 425 | YANKTON S1oux—
WILLIAMSON, T.S., in bibliography.......-. 423 deatiandy dyer: cece scee-leseese 207, tab. 9
WILLOW, as a remedy (Pima)........-..... 245 epilepsy Hasso atoeeee ete ous 203, 204, tab. 9
WILSON, D., in bibliography.........:..... 423 LALOCY; Haan e es Se hes one ee 205, tab. 9
WILSON, N. W.., in bibliography..........--. 423, pathological conditions. ..............- tab.9
WILSON, THOMAS, in bibliography........- 423 populatione ys ss. pb acesns ee ceaee tote tab. 9
WIMBERLEY, DR. GEORGE W., on patho- DUISC Meee ero te rae wes cease 141
logical conditions at Phoenix Indian MOSPITAGL OW snore ia cela enya a cle = <:ein visio sim euaist o 142
SCH OOIMPAMNIZE etc ciate ce cui aie ale tab. 9 tuberculosisisccc-< ac cces- pee ciccnc cs 210, tab. 9
WIMINUCHE— YAQuI—
DIL SOMO sets oo .taioc ae ears wee eta ais.2 31 baldness#ac-ceaccacnenete ence casos se 162
TGCRMONEe <3 < see foe esas ls eee ein eesier= 7 CHAT ACCOM az ale ic'siseincleinisewsheictaietsegces 34
TMD YE Da soe op Sa see SoG aa COR ROUEGUSOUSOE 48 WIBCRGES 23 o.5 5 2h 55 2cgcin See dees 184, 185-186
DODULA LOM Eee sete a a ietee siciele ieictete 5 POOUS ep etists oe cera Sor tase cate feels = te 20, 24, 266
See also Southern Ute. BT AVNESSHE Masse 6 ok geese ee seee 160, 161, 403
WINDER, W.., in bibliography...........- 410, 423 Headiderormationsc. <...s< 425 | YAVAPAI—
Woop, C. W., special agent— LOCDELOME Ss eat caccame at acwin sae a semaee 1,8,10
compiler of map of Papago towns....-.. 10 DBS firerare cr syaereie 2a oie sietars in laseinisioiistcicicialore 178
on medical treatment among Papago... 241 Ay SCAM GL Sere cleat =raiciotere ae]a1=iatoret= = 8
WooprvurFr, C. E., in bibliography.......... 424 POpulabiowl | = Fp eloe reset ciaise'e siete sree lessieicis 6
Woops, Dr. C. L., on pathologicalconditions REAGUTESS Me ese cic meee oar clescee 132
at Fort Belknap agency, Mont .......... tab.9 | YAWNING (Indian adults).............-.... 155
WoopwaRD, — —, in bibliography.-...-.-... 424 | YAYAWIMKIAS, fire priests of Hopi-...-.-..- 226, 240
WoRTMAN, J. L., in bibliography.......... 418 | YERBA MANSA, medicinal plant (Pima)..... 245
WouNDs— Yucca, food plant (Walapai)............ 259-260
lack of proper precautions.............. 229 | Yucca BaccATA, food plant (Pima, Pa-
treatment of— [SEk0)) cb cenace be Sag ene RASA DUNC oHeEsabodee 262
COLA a earscn ooo see ne soem s aaceeceas 252 | Yucca scHoTTIHI, food plant—
RADeP Os. cs casne pees aeeenio Sse aeeee 241 aD AP OS sere ecey- eae citer. fos eeliclansiee ose 262
PUI Bee ctecante ae nins seen asses 182, 183, 245 Pun Wispscoereee oo ae ecesiiclasisice mena smesicee 262
pani@arlos Apache scence sees sae 234 Nan CarlosvAMaAChe sso iccieisiceisise mie Sel nin 258
MarahuMIanreese-er co oses senses es eens 250 | YuMa—
ELE aerators ees ayo ee ey asthe eee See 241 AND IMIS Syareteractaee osiass1s eee esses 2 see e's tab. 9
See also Fractures of bones. baldness menace eee ss -ceeecmec coe mates 162
WyYMaANn, Dr. F. H. on pathological condi- case of early menstruation............. 127
tions among Sauk and Foxes .....-.-. 214, tab.9 CLEbINISMME cs sce ee ee seis a oecaace tab. 9
XILAPA, MEXICO, Mazahua village......... 12 CTL Geeta scans aise tse eee de cieeistsanees 171
XOCOTITLA, MEXICO, Mazahua village...... 12 deaivands dump soso sete <\cisistei= =< tab. 9
YAKIMA— EMllepsy seem see ee eos ease oeaee ee net tab. 9
INUBCULAMTOLCC ae anecace-k ee sceececes 149 HOlkGIMeCICING? A=e.5.ccbt socloesmacsee eee 249
WUlSema tomers nis sk ya seas aie ae aac 141 VOXOYG Fo RR re Hen ane ee ea 21,24
RESPUat OM esa =i sele, Seren ie eee ease ac See 142 POUL ED ee sete ey ociee hee cis cece cies 200, 201, tab. 9
YANKTON AGENCY, S. Dak. (Sioux)— OLAV TESH eee ees See cee 160, 161, 400-401
deatrand\dunmibea-a--.2--5-66- 2-2 207, tab. 9 ainrdinessin ge sees eeleeceensc ce ceemsaae 14
Gnilepsivsace meet mos nec os teccem acess 203, tab. 9 headudetonmationys2-20 5. -sececes cee 79-80, 83
OUCH eae nas eiooas 200, tab. 9 Ife HeYCh aa. SaeSee CR CS Oooo asco eee 205, tab. 9
LOL OC Vie terse ere ee SO alate esas 205, tab. 9 INSAMb YP eee eee sae dae eee eeceenteee tab. 9
pathological conditions..............-- tab. 9 LOCATIONS ese aaa scmicce secon Bese se 1,10
popula tion eer pecs Sees ne eee eae tab.9 TAL ATT AS Cee ee RN tee ear ern aes role 50
Spinalltcunvyatlress 252-2 e ce tie see 208, tab. 9 THEGIEINC-IN CN john nee < aewecine bites 224, 228, 249
tUDErCUIOSISH ee sea5o5 seen acers 210, tab. 9 IMOCICIIEG-WOMEN sisters cle acm ceieisisiomicicies 228
460 INDEX
Yuma—Continued. Page
INONSULOSIGIES = coe eeeiiisicsae see eee tab. 9
muscular strength...........- 144, 146, 382-383
nursing OMinlants sa. =e ciese secs ose 79
ODESIbY Hates else eet oe eceeeias mentees 156
occupations...... Paonepecconbecda dena 18
pathological conditions ......-.- 184, 230, tab.9
physical environment. 2 ©. —~ seeew cee 133
physicalsty pes2s22s- ~4e2ssass2seeee 10, 13, 133
DISSLOUILE TACO WD Yio ase amass aire 28
POPU! SUOMI so sa <= 5 Sacer ainaite aaa 6, tab. 9
proportion Of sSexese--.-—- 4-~- 2 eee 38
iprostititlon<(y.1ee ee micros soe sees 50
pulse and respiration..........-.- 138, 366-367
sizerOftamillesi tsetse eee eee 43
Spinal curvatures =. 1<-(-1t-e eee tab. 9
Staburesss.cxrmae ee eee 132, 133, 135, 137
SUICIODOs nts tatoo Sesto aes 171
TaLLOOM ee eet warec cieion a= sate eee 15. |
LEMP CLAPUTE) sors iy 138, 366-367
$reatmentOf sick..2:asscesse- cece ecnee 23
TUDELCULOSIS c eietetalete toler te eles ane 211, tab. 9
VAP OS zaps evscla ance slrietetemete seine a cies ertom eels 16
Walkin oa(nfantts) see ce se oeeeeeceae ee 86
Yuma APACHE—
LOCATON 2.3552 he oem ee eeeeae ee 8
DEY SICA SAM Yio ar. tele ia 8
MOPUlALIONG 2 ess hess cscs s eeiece se ner 6
MAUMAN LANGUAGE J2o2)5. snc etc cee esse esc ac 8
YUMA RESERVATION, Indians on............ 6, 38.
YuMaA IN ARIZONA. See Yuma Apache.
ZUNI—
a DOLEION = sepiaec cose cena eae eee aoa 164
albinism... 2... 191, 192-194, 196-197, 198, tab. 9
baldness 32402 seen 0 cece cee toe sea) UGH
CHARACTCLE aes ne eee oes ee ae 33, 34
Childibinthine 52 42% s2s.5.ccecic nce eee 61
GCREGIMISME LA ae sa5.casn esos seca cea teens tab. 9
CUM Madoc tee = Sacietlesmas cee sase eee 169
Gatuna; used: bys soc cscmen sebes ole cece 17
ZuNi—Continued. Page
deaf andidumbs.. secescecescessem een ee tab. 9
desiretorchildrens-5- s=s-eeas2 eee 53
diphtheriae 522 (assesses cl scceces Saas 190
diseases in general --.:--.---.-.2..2.22 181, 230
dwellings. #222220) =) See eee 16
epilepsyi: 4.535 5e- ee. 5. ee aeeee ence tab. 9
folk medicine \7.23s2es oe ee eee 241
fOOU Sete eae Ae ee 20, 23
gestation... ene eece ee ae aoe Eee 54
POMC TL ejaveje aie occa cre ei cae ses ee tab.9
PT AVYMESS fof ws orecpeecin se aero e 399
head deformations. === 45--— eee 83
idi0Gyis5 5 2. cose eee he eee tab.9
infanticide 25 S25. soe noes eee 165-166
INSANIGY ozs te sence esse eee ee tab. 9
investigations among........-.:..--.-.- 1
lo@ationy.3- 4-20. 22 4g24 ke Sees ee 9
MATTIAGO. << .eclece- wae eset ee ee 49
miedicine-men so 2s-es.c-6- see oe 224, 227
monstrositiesijs-c-.scerae eee 216, tab. 9
muscular strength............ 145, 147, 378-379
MUrTsingOLinigntsa--.-=s—- 5. eee 77
pathological conditions................ tab. 9
physical atiinity 22-2. 0s o sees 134
physicalienyvironment “2322.22.25 134
population ais. 4-24-ce ees eee 6, tab. 9
proportion of sexes......... eee co sce 38
pulse and respiration. -... 139, 140, 141, 357-358
sizeof families 424222. 25 2=.2e ee eee 43
spinal curvatures.<...22222-2-- 208, 216, tab. 9
statures:,....o2eatsse see 133, 134, 136, 137, 140
sterile women...... Uva eee eee 52
BUICICG <2 1s 2 ase = eee rae eee 171
temperatures seasase ee eee 139, 140, 141, 357-358
treatmentotintamtste-ss-eees eee eee 74, 79
tuberculosisee-2=eeeeeeer A eee tab. 9
Villages:.): <2 theeeaseaeas ce ota eee eee 17
Witcherafte sea eee ses. fee sks eee 169, 224
; ais
A
Fé) a ee
LTT
3 9088 01421 7806