ree shhanameananenaee gore err “se dete a wow rrr _—— - ee einer toa wate a Agee Sg area ere ee a ee eT ae — aarti at wt isin Ne . ee a - Note os area athe iil ON attr . naan oes ¥ ere rene Oe re met << ag neg er err a Py pnatr ae ree een aan OT. aid ote 20e Sete ee o—< . ~~ - ’ = - : —T? . : , = | - ° : ’ 7 - ‘ oe = | ow . . T ol nl + <= : . % »4 ~ a | | . —™ . > 4 4 or : roe a =" owe mre , e ‘ « were : ; Se x as . : : - w 4 why wy e Bigee "US rele VO daddy d ‘vd vw . yw oie Lue tay WI IW, : SS TMA AV Se Jv yy we “ ayhe ay y v ' Oe) \ } “peewee Shieh bt hae ch hc he ths - pee es in jd iY see ct i ec re, . were wee tye w¥wwel My | ah det A v . ire “Y se i F - > eweesy ev Nw Lh - wre Ny SDA, ; : oe Vey bvewer ~~ her > vi Mino? phe nein ot Vy x voor IMO SSO NMA L ign case sie be Vee aw” wy <5 Wey ys. | COTE eeweww’: Pibituech tee . yj Ss ) dev" RE ve oN" tee ie ai! Aan : Bye So } . Seueerneane | * vid Meee e=SO = SN sw wee sey Ne tt eet We Nh Mocleauresoeene ys ie Viv WE ot id en) is Sw a Wye 22, Set Die, > SC aigvognes” J Wd y . SAA Nd wake ee ww” at v w MOET LS 1 ie adele aah ryyi 4 ey " : tue Mase Fivsetiine ad i Hep ddl asaaies add enact: POT aa bbs AT ttl } ‘ Mere urt wyrvy” weve OY vw" sllit v ~ ( JS = 4 Cay) t aw fa hes FL is Bat - PAY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY BULLETIN No. 46. L, 0, HOWARD, Entomologist PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSWCLATION OF EcuNoQit’ ENTOMOLOGIST, WASHINGTON: / GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, y 1904, “DIVISION OF F ENTOMOLOG Ye eh AGS. Nee sh Le. 0: Howanp, Paeiiclogist- i ied } “ A 7 2 he oe at: “Marnarr, in © arge of experimental field work, Te, CHITTENDEN, ‘in charge. of breeding ex. ReMi tae A. i: Hopxiys, in charge of forest: insect inivestigations: s x * FRANK BENTON, in charge of apiculture, — ost shed jaan a ee W. D. Hunter, in charge of cotton boll weevil ibpeehaheane : at 9 QuainTaNce, in charge of bollworm investigations. Ea: Re _ D. W. Coguinierr, TH. PERGANDE, NATHAN. Banks, ceersions ntome log ries E. A. Schwarz, E. S. G. ‘Trvus, investigators. | EN aes te Ce 4 “Miss H. A. KELLY, special agent in silk investigations. +a ny . ae OR: Ss. ‘CLIFTON, F, GC. Pratr,, AUGUST Busok, Orto HPIDEMANN, A N rer aa ise Kortinsky, H. 8. Barger, assistants: Lis ps Te Ww. E. Hinps, W. F. Fiske, G. H. Harris, H. E. Burke, AL w. fora ak 48 ‘CRAWFoRD, Jr., A. A, GirauLt, C. Ty rete F.C. Bisnorr, § me ante eM: WALKER, temporary ile. prente: a f ay at nt “Miss L. L. Howenstaty; rarttats.° mtd Se y i Aa SK IA } > SMITHSO) WANS i LIBRARIES WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICER. 1904 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, Washington, D. C., March 3, 1904. Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscripts of the Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists, which was held at St. Louis, Mo., Decem- ber 29-51, 1905. The papers presented at the meetings of this associ- ation are always of great economic importance, and the Department has hitherto published the secretary’s reports of these meetings as bulletins of this Division. I therefore reeommend the publication of the present report as bulletin No. 46 of this Division. The two half-tone plates and one text figure are necessary to illustrate the text. Respectfully, L. O. Howarp, Hntomologist. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary of Agriculture. _™ : 3s ae? ie CONTENTS. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL MERTING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTO- MOLOGISTS. Insect Photography (illustrated) -...._...._...----] M. V. Slingerland_. The Use of Arsenate of Lead for Controlling the Codling Moth, A. F. Burgess -- *A New Enemy of the Plum, Dimorphopteryx pinguis, James Fletcher - Some Economic Considerations with Reference to the Tabanide, James S. Hine-- The Card System for Entomological Records_..E. Dwight Sanderson. Notes on the Treatment of Nursery Bulbs ____________ A. F. Burgess_. *The Relation of the Systematist to the Economic Entomologist, F. M. Sacer Notes on a Grasshopper Outbreak in Montana___._____. R. A. Cooley_- Observations on the Life History of Liburnia campestris, one Notes on a Hymenopterous Parasite infesting it. --...._.._-. Otto H. Swezey _- mo amubrmmmion Notes. -..-_.+---..... 225-24. -..--. F. M. Webster. What Credit shall we Give?_..._.......- aie 2 Jane oe. QP Cetra? *The Economic Status of the Fulgoridw_-__________-. Herbert Osborn. *Remedies for the San Jose Scale_______- ae _E. P. Felt_. *Some Results of the Use of the Lime; Sulphur, and Salt Washes in SS ee San Re nee ee Se eae nie ene A. F. Burgess _- *The Cotton Boll Weevil—a Great Problem in Economic Zoology, L. O. Howard _- * Notes on the Mexican Cotton Boll Weevil in Texas, E. Dwight Sanderson-- A Suggestion in Nomenclature ___.........._.._.-_-- Herbert Osborn -- Wotes.on Peranabrus scabricollis.-.....-. 2s. ....=.2.-.- C. V. Piper .. Notes on Economic Insects for the Year 1903 __________.< 1. F. Burgess - MRI SUR ee ere een wat ac adualen + el ew POM. Some Serious Insect Depredations in New York in 1903, M. V. Slingerland_- Notes on New Facts about some New York Grape Pests, M. V. Slingerland. -- Notes of the Year from Colorado __-_-_-_- aon cats sUriks Crerette.. Injurious Insects of Ontario for 1908____..-......-_..-- W. Lochhead _. Injurious Insects in Canada during 1903_____________- James Fletcher Notes on some of the Insects of the Season in Ohio... Herbert Osborn BUG LOU wih REEMA ee aoe c eeu. ~~~ E. Dwight Sanderson_. Notes for the Year in Maryland .....-.........._-.-.-- T. B. Symons... Insects of the Year in Minnesota, with Data on the Number of Broods of Cecidomyia destructor Say --..----. PRG 0 = ante OO A) ee ye *Early Western Entomologists -__._.............Mary EF. Murtfeldt *Some British Fruit-Tree Pests Liable to be Introduced into America, Frederic V. Theobald Insect Notes from Georgia for the Year 1903_____. _. Wilmow Newell. Insect Notes from Connecticut-____.....-_..---_-- _....W. B. Britton The Brown-Tail Moth in New Hampshire_-___- --.----__. C. M. Weed An Experiment with Black Flies._...._.........----- ._.C. M, Weed * * Withdrawn fem publication elsewhere Page, ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Puatr I. Fig. 1.—Photomicro camera in operation. Fig. 2.—Interior of Cornell insectary, with copying camera arranged for taking an enlarged picture: . 2252. <2 42.2 46-8 Sa Il. Destructive work of apple plant-lice on fruit and leaves on large trees in New -Yorkin'l903- <<. 222206625 see eee TEXT FIGURE. Fic. 1. A practicable, large, and efficient sticky shield for capturing adult grape leaf-hoppers in the spring. _-©222-2—= --e—= = == eee 4 Page. THE SIXTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. MORNING SESSION, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1908. The Association met in room No. 209, Central High School building, St. Louis, Mo., at 10 a.m. The following were in attendance: C.C. Adams, Ann Arbor, Mich.; C. F. Adams, Lawrence, Kans.; A. F. Burgess, Columbus, Ohio; R. 5. Clifton, Washington, D. C.; R. A. Cooley, Bozeman, Mont.; E. P. Felt. Albany, N. Y.; James Fletcher, Ottawa, Canada; G. H. French, Car- bondale, [ll.; H. L. Frost, Arlington, Mass.; C. P. Gillette, Fort Collins, Colo.; E. C. Green, College Station, Tex.; C. A. Hart, Urbana, Ill.; J.S. Hine, Columbus, Ohio; L. O. Howard, Washington, D. C.; S. J. Hunter, Lawrence, Kans.; A. H. Kirkland, Boston, Mass.; Frederick Knab, Urbana, I11.; C. L. Marlatt, Washing- ton, D. C.; John Marten, Tolono, Il.; G. W. Martin, Nashville, Tenn.; William Lochhead, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Herbert Osborn, Columbus, Ohio; C. V. Piper, Washington, D. C.; E. D. Sanderson, College Station, Tex.; F. H. Snow, Lawrence. Kans.; J. M. Stedman, Columbia, Mo.; H. E. Summers, Ames, Iowa: O. H. Swezey, Columbus, Ohio; T. B. Symons, Collegepark, Md.; F. L. Wash- burn, St. Anthony Park, Minn.; F. M. Webster, Urbana, Ill.; E. V. Wilcox, Washington, D. C. Owing to the unavoidable absence of President Slingerland, the meeting was called to order by the secretary, and Dr. James Fletcher was elected to preside throughout the sessions. The presidential address, read by the secretary, was as follows: INSECT PHOTOGRAPHY. By M. V. SLINGERLAND, Ithaca, N. Y. A good photographic outfit is now one of the essential parts of every economic entomologist’s equipment. The world’s entomological lit- erature now teems with illustrations from photographs. Some of our ‘economic entomologists depend almost entirely upon photographs to illustrate their bulletins and reports. As I am one of the chief ‘‘sin- ners” in this respect, and as I am often asked how I do it, I have chosen the somewhat unusual topic of ‘‘ Insect Photography ” for my address to this Association. HISTORICAL NOTES. Probably it will never be known who first photographed insects. Photomicrographs were made more than one hundred years ago, and ~ a) it is quite probable that some minute insects or parts of larger insects were thus photographed. It is doubtful, however, if living insects were photographed more than fifteen or twenty years ago, for there was little incentive for such work before that. But the commercial development in the early eighties of cheap mechanical engraving processes for reproducing from photographs or negatives opened a new and unlimited field for the camera. The establishment and equipment of the Hatch agricultural experiment stations throughout the country in 1888 offered greater facilities than ever before for work with inseets, and this gave another great impetus and incentive to insect photography. A few half-tone reproductions from photographs relating to insect work appeared in the publications of the experiment stations for 1888 and 1889; they represented the Cornell insectary, fumigation tents, photomicrographs of the hole made by the ovipositor of Trypeta [| Rha- goletis| pomonella in apple skin, and ears of corn eaten by Heliothis armiger |.H. obscura Fab.]. These early half tones were poor, and it was not until 1892 that many fairly good insect photographs were thus reproduced in the experiment station literature. The Cornell experiment station began to use the Hatch fund in 1888, and under the direction of Prof. J. H. Comstock the first build- ing of its kind, an insectary, was built and well equipped with pho- tographie and other apparatus. The camera was soon in use, and Professor Comstock was probably one of the first to photograph liv- ing insects in this country. His first object was to print from nega- tives onto blocks for Mrs. Comstock to engrave, or to get prints from which to make drawings. Some of this work appeared in 1890 ina Cornell bulletin, but no half-tone engravings of insects or their work were used at Cornell until 1893. A good half-tone of nematode root galls appeared in an Alabama bulletin in 1889, and since that date the mycologists have well illustrated with half-tones the gross features of such diseases as potato scab, the smuts, rusts, ete. The first half-tone engraving of a living insect that I have found in our entomologiceal literature was printed in Entomological News for January, 1891. It is a very good picture of the ‘‘ hickory horned- devil” caterpillar, taken in August, 1890, by Mr. J. F. Sachse. Much progress has been made since then by the makers of half-tone blocks and by the printers in using them. In 1892 Prof. L. H. Bailey had a photograph of the interior of a greenhouse full of plants returned to him by a plate maker, who stated that he could not make a good half tone, as there was too much detail. Ten years later the same photo- graph was again sent to be reproduced, and came out beautifully. A GENERAL PROTEST. To-day the camera has become the constant companion of many economic entomologists, and no phase of an insect’s life, habits, or 7 structure, alive or dead, is too minute or too active to be posed for ¢ picture. Tested by both artistic and scientific standards, some of the results now appearing in our entomological literature have never been surpassed in insect illustration. but there is a lot of good printer’s ink being wasted on very poor insect photographs. Sometimes a good photograph is not well brought out in making the half-tone plate, and often it is so poorly printed as to resemble a blotch of printer’s ink rather than an insect. While we can not always remedy defects in making and printing half-tones from photographs, we can make better negatives oftentimes. Only a year or two ago a bulletin appeared with over 40 photographie illustrations, covering 20 full-page plates, and fully three-fourths of the ‘‘euts” had little excuse for existence, so poor were they. The climax was reached in the final picture, just recognizable as a squash, which the author labeled ‘‘ Eaten by milli- pedes, centipedes, and slugs, all of which were alive upon this at the time it was photographed, but as most of them were moving they are not plainly shown.” The best of photographers quite often get poor and worthless nega- tives, and anyone who attempts ‘‘ hunting insects with a camera” will find this especially true. But my point is that such failures should go into the rubbish heap of experience rather than encumber our lit- erature and degrade the standard of insect illustration. American economic entomologists lead the world in all that pertains to their subject; in our equipments and methods for investigation and experi- mentation; in our practical results; and let us maintain this standard in the illustrating of our literature. A little more than ten years ago I was forced into insect photogra- phy by my inability to otherwise properly illustrate my graduating thesis. I have learned to appreciate a good insect photograph, but have yet to learn many of the ‘‘tricks” by which they are made. I find it is much easier to learn what not to do in photography than to discover just what todo. I have come to believe that ‘‘the man behind the camera” is largely responsible for many of the poor photographic illustrations of insects that get into print. Some of the qualities of a good insect photograph are much detail; good backgrounds; evenly lighted and not too ‘‘contrasty;” taken from life is usually preferable, but not always possible; symmetrical or lifelike arrangement, if from dead specimens; and, lastly, artistic surroundings if practicable. Let me discuss the attainment of some of these qualities from my experience. NECESSARY EQUIPMENT. It is especially true in insect photography that first-class tools are necessary. My workshop, the Cornell insectary, is equipped with several cameras. For outdoor or field work the latest model of a 5 by 7 camera has recently been purchased. The photo-micro camera, 8 shown in PI. I, fig. 1, and an ordinary copying camera, shown in Pl. I, fig. 2, and several lenses complete the outfit. Instead of a simple copying camera, I would get an enlarging and reducing cam- era, with attachments for making lantern slides direct from large negatives. It costs at least $150 to properly equip an entomologist’s studio for photographing insects. Our present outfit at the Cornell insectary has cost over $300, and nearly every division of the experi- ment station is also well supplied with cameras. Nine-tenths of my insect photographs are taken with a large copying camera and an old 63 by 85 rapid rectilinear lens, bought in 1888. For making considerable enlargements with this camera a 34 by 44 lens that has a large diaphragm opening (which is indispensable in focusing) is the best I have yet used. I increase the bellows length, and thus the enlarging power of the copying camera, with a wooden hood, shown at a in Pl. II. One of the new photomicrographie objectives has just been purchased for enlarging minute objects. They are better for this work than ordinary microscopic objectives. We have different lens boards, so that all of our lenses can be used on the upright photo-micro cameva, and it is often easier to photo- graph insects in a horizontal plane than to arrange them ‘un a vertical plane for the copying camera. On my trips throughout the State investigating insect outbreaks I usually take the field camera and rarely return without some inter- esting and valuable picture of an insect, its work, or methods of fightingit. I have even secured good flash-light pictures in an orchard at night of canker-worm moths crawling up the trunks of the trees. THE WORKSHOP. In photographing insects I want all the light possible to bring out the details, and so I work on the middle bench in the insectary green- house, where the light streams in from all sides. Usually I shut off the direct sun’s rays from the object by putting a piece of paper near the roof, and thusI avoid practically allshadows. Sometimesshadows add an artistic touch to the picture, but more often they obscure or darken something more important. I have never tried lighting up an object with mirrors. WHEN TO PHOTOGRAPH. I often drop everything else to get a picture of an insect which is then in a certain stage or position that it may not assume again in a year. Choose bright days if possible. I have made some good pic- tures of inseets by long exposures on dark or cloudy days, but I am satisfied that better results are obtained with shorter exposures on bright days. Bul. 46, Div. of Enton y, U. S. Dept. of Agr ture PLATE | FiG. 1.—PHOTO-MICRO CAMERA IN OPERATION. From photograph by author FiG. 2.—INTERIOR OF CORNELL INSECTARY, WITH COPYING CAMERA ARRANG TAKING AN ENLARGED PICTURE. From photograph b ithor > 7 Py @ i 9 PREPARING THE SPECIMENS. Poorly prepared specimens spoil many an insect photograph. The value and beauty of the plates in Howard’s Insect Book and Holland’s Butterfly and Moth Books were greatly enhanced by the care used in selecting the best material and getting the wings, legs, and antennze in as nearly symmetrical or natural positions as possible. I often spend more time in preparing a specimen than in photographing it, and the resulting half-tone always pays for doing it. In photographing from life, of course, one can not always pose the insect, but I find that insects can be coaxed often into desired atti- tudes or positions by a little patient manipulation. To get sphinx, Datana, and many other larve in their characteristic positions it is often necessary to only jar the supporting branch just before expos- ing. I once coaxed three Myron sphinx larvze into a row on a branch and then got them to all raise the front part of their bodies, thus reminding one of a ‘‘ecake walk.” eee fey ea te Pee AT PPOMENe Om DOPASSIOIN Css). rn ae clean se en =e ete ee. 4 LIS VM ONG ad SE ee ae Ss Aa Se eee 40 Carbonate of soda, crystals __.-_ .__._. _-- 8 For use, mix equal parts of I and II. Usually beginners do not develop long enough. Let the image come up slowly and gradually go back into the background. The appear- ance of the image on the back of the plate is often a good criterion when to stop. For fixing I use a plain hypo bath of 1 pound hypo in 2 quarts of water, and I pour about a teaspoonful of acid sulphite of soda solu- tion into a quart of hypo in my fixing tray. This acid soda prevents the hypo from discoloring for a long time and helps it to give elear, stainless negatives. Ihave had considerable trouble with other much more complicated acid fixing baths. I have made but little use of intensifying solutions. I throw away thin negatives and tryagain. But I find a reducing solution an essen- tial, especially in making lantern slides. I use an ordinary reducer, composed of 1 ounce of ferricyanide of potassium (red prussiate of potash) dissolved in 10 ounces of water. Pour a few drops of this into a little hypo fixing solution, dip the freshly washed negative or lantern slide in a hypo bath fora moment, then with a small brush use the reducer locally over the plate, washing out all muddy backgrounds or too dense spots. — MAKING PRINTS. Make your own prints, for it is the most fascinating part of insect photography, and your negatives will get better care in your own hands. I have tried the ‘‘ velox” and similar papers for making prints, but find that the ‘‘aristotype” papers, burnished on ferrotype plates, give me the most detail. With water colors or ink I often paint out pins or put in hairs on the finished print. I have never tried making very large bromide or other prints from smaller pictures or negatives, but some very satisfactory work has been done by the late Mr. V. H. Lowe and others. 12 NOTES ON PHOTO-ENGRAVING. IT often have slightly enlarged or much reduced half-tones made from my photos by the engraver. I used tosend the negatives to the engraver, but some were lost or injured, and they now do satisfactory work from the prints. With these one can make various arrange- ments of several pictures in one half-tone. At one time I thought the half-tones were better when the backgrounds were not removed or cut away by the engraver, but now I have them cut out whenever practicable, as the picture usually stands out better when printed. LANTERN SLIDES. Most economic entomologists now have more or less teaching or lecturing to do, and illustrations are necessary, especially as it is often impracticable in large classes or audiences to use specimens. Large charts are very useful, but I find the lantern slides are a much more satisfactory and cheaper method of illustrating lectures. I was foreed into the making of lantern slides of insects by classes too large to permit of using and breaking specimens, oftentimes a lack of speci- mens to illustrate the work of injurious insects, enough charts were too expensive, and there were practically no slides of insects on the market. Lantern-slide making is not a very difficult process. It can not all be absorbed from books, however, but must be learned in the school of experience. Whenever it will serve the purpose I use a 54 by 44 plate in photo- graphing, then a lantern slide can be easily made from iti by simple contact exposure, as in making a print. One feels freer to destroy poor negatives and try again when these smaller and cheaper plates are used. A lantern-slide size negative can be made from a large print, but I prefer to make slides direct from the large negatives in the copying camera with lantern-slide attachments. Many negatives do not have density or blackness of background sufficient to prevent light getting through and making a darkish or muddy background on the lantern slide. I constantly use a reducing solution with a brush locally, as directed above, to clear up such backgrounds; it brightens up wonderfully an otherwise dingy slide. This local reduction is one of the most useful tricks I have learned about slide making. I save all discarded negatives that are thin enough and cut them into cover glasses for lantern slides. Coloring, well executed, adds much to the beauty and value of insect lantern slides. To do this work properly requires high artistie ability in the management of colors, deftness in applying them on so small a scale, ard an appreciation and intimate knowledge of the insect being colored. I believe the day is not far distant when we can photograph in colors by a much simpler process than that by which the admirable three-color work used in the Butterfly and Moth Books is accomplished. 13 CONCLUSION. Finally, if I have given anyone a few hints that will help in the interesting and useful work of photographing insects, my aim is accomplished in preparing these rambling notes from my experience. Anyone who attempts this work must expect many failures, for there is no more elusive game than the insect world affords, but one good negative out of a dozen used in photographing a living insect is worth all the trouble. Except when the cap is off in exposing, one should have unlimited time in such work. I fully realize that it is now difficult for the economic entomologist to find time to investigate, experiment, teach, attend institutes, take care of insect collections, and answer a multitude of letters, to say nothing about eating and sleeping. Insect photography can not be done with a rush or in push-the-button style, but the camera must be ready at opportune times, and if one can not find the necessary time to make a good negative, it is better to illustrate in some other way. One can not do two or three other things and make good insect photographs at the same time. The field before us is unlimited; manufacturers have placed at our disposal excellent instruments and plates; good prints are easily made; the engravers are becoming more expert in making the half- tone blocks; the printers can print good pictures if given suitable paper and no other alternative; therefore let the entomologists of America introduce the personal element necessary to eliminate the poor work and not only maintain the present high standard of our insect illustrations, but strive for still better things in the way of insect photography. A general discussion of the address followed. Mr. Fletcher stated that far too many photographs were made of poorly set and imperfect specimens, and felt that greater care should be exercised by all ento- mologists in selecting material before it was photographed for the purpose of illustration. He called attention to the fact that many insects could be induced to remain quiet for a few seconds by simply blowing on them. In his opinion it was a mistake to omit the hair line, as many people unacquainted with insects would more readily know their exact size. A hair-line outline of the insect was very satisfactory. Mr. Felt expressed his appreciation of the many valuable sugges- tions contained in the address, and stated that it was his custom as soon as he obtained a paper for printing photographs that gave good results to stick to it, as he did not have the necessary time to experi- ment with different kinds. Good equipment was also necessary in order to save time. Mr. Sanderson stated that he had used isochromatic plates. For negatives of printed matter and objects without much color from 14 which to make lantern slides certain kinds of dry plates were found satisfactory. It is offen necessary to use a ray filter, especially to . bring out such colors as orange. He also explained several devices which could be used to advantage in adjusting the plates. Mr. Cooley used a plate holder which will hold any size of plate and is very convenient. . Mr. Washburn found it necessary to use a glass plate in order to avoid shadows. The report of the secretary and treasurer was read and referred to the auditing committee appointed by the chair, as follows: Mr. J. 5. Hine and Mr. C. A. Hart. Mr. Webster moved that the chair appoint committées on pro- gramme, resolutions, nominations, and membership, and the follow- ing members were selected: Programme: Messrs. Felt, Sanderson, and Gillette. Resolutions: Messrs. Symons, Lochhead, and Sanderson. Nominations: Messrs. Washburn, Felt, and Gillette. Membership: Messrs. Osborn, Webster, and Felt. On motion, an assessment of 50 cents each was levied on all mem- bers present at the meeting. The following names were presented for membership: Mr. George H. French, Carbondale, Il]., proposed by Mr. Webster; Mr. A. W. Morrill, Victoria, Tex.. proposed by Doctor Howard; Mr. 8. Arthur Johnson, Fort Collins, Colo., Mr. F. C. Bishopp, Collegepark, Md.,and Mr. Estes Park Taylor, Champaign, Ill., each proposed by Mr. Gillette; Mr. Douglas B. Young, Albany, N. Y., proposed by Mr. Felt; Mr. P. J. Parrott, Geneva, N. Y., and Mr. O. H. Swezey, Columbus, Ohio, proposed by Mr. Burgess; and Mr. E. C. Green, College Station, Tex., proposed by Mr. Fletcher. On receiving the report of the programme committee, a paper was presented, entitled: THE USE OF ARSENATE OF LEAD FOR CONTROLLING THE CODLING MOTH. By A. F. BurGesss, Columbus, Ohio. Early in the spring of 1903 a series of experiments was planned to test the effect of spraying for controlling the codling moth. This insect had proved very destructive in an orchard at Delaware, Ohio, and although some spraying has been attempted in previous years the applications were not made in a systematic manner and the insect had not been held in check. It had continued to increase in abundanee, and the loss resulting thereby had become so serious that systematic treatment was rendered absolutely necessary if a profitable crop of fruit was to be raised. 15 The orchard consists of about 1,700 trees, 560 of which are just coming into bearing. The principal varieties are: Ben Davis, Mink- ler, Stark, Rome Beauty, Jonathan, Rambo, Grimes Golden, and Baldwin. Mr. Hudson kindly consented to making the tests and assisted in every possible way in carrying them out. A block of 100 trees was reserved for the purpose on the north side of the orchard; two rows on the west end of the block were Rome Beauty, the next seven rows were Stark, and the last row on the east end was Ben Davis. CONDITION OF THE TREES. The Rome Beauty trees were about 14 years old and had been top grafted. The Stark and Ben Davis were set at the same time, but the Stark trees would average considerably larger but not quite as tall as the Ben Davis. The orchard had been kept in sod, but was not pastured, the grass being cut and placed under the trees as a mulch. Although the trees were trimmed late in the winter, the foliage on many of them was very thick, and, as they had been headed low, if was rather difficult to spray them thoroughly. All were infested to a greater or less extent with the San Jose scale and had been treated for that insect earlier in the season. A severe freeze in early April killed a great number of the fruit buds, but many of the trees were heavy with bloom early in May. At that time (May 4) another severe freeze occurred, the temperature dropping to 28°, so that ice was formed on much of the bloom, and the prospects for a crop were nearly ruined. About one-fourth of a crop was harvested from the entire orchard. After most of the windfalls had dropped an estimate was made of the entire crop remaining, and is shown in Table I. Each row con- tained 10 trees. TaBLE I.—Estimate of crop remaining on trees after windfalls had dropped. | seat | — : +. erop woulk +, crop woule |Row No. equal a full|| Row No. equala full crop for— || crop for- i} — { | Trees. Trees. Pe ieeed oe | eee 2 38 (ere 4} 24 ae / 3} a atatiars 1} | a 4 | ae 2} iti ene aes ; The estimate at this time placed the yield of fruit at a little more than one-fourth of a full crop. Rows 1 and 2 were Rome Beauty, rows 3 to 9, inclusive, were Stark, and row 10 was Ben Davis. 16 TREATMENT APPLIED. Row No. 3 was left as a check and received no treatment. Rows 4, 5, 6, and 7, all being of the Stark variety, were sprayed with Bowker’s disparene or disparene and Bordeaux mixture, as is shown in Table II. In all cases the Disparene used was applied at the rate of 3 pounds, and the Bordeaux mixture was made by using 4 pounds of copper sulphate and 4 pounds of lime to each 50 gallons of water. The treatment of these rows was placed in charge of two of my assistants, Mr. H. J. Speaker and Mr. Addison Hyde, both of whom have had long experience in applying insecticides, and are particu- larly careful and painstaking in their work. The first spraying was made by Mr. Speaker, May 8 and 9, and the last two by Mr. Hyde, May 22 and July 13. Row 4 was sprayed with disparene as soon as the blossoms had fallen, and a second spraying with the same material was applied July 13, about nine weeks later. Row 5 was sprayed in the same manner, except that Bordeaux mix- ture was added at the first spraying. Row 6 received three sprayings with disparene, the first being made as soon as the blossoms had fallen, the second two weeks later, and the third on July 13. Row 7 was treated in the same manner as row 6, except that Bor- deaux mixture was added to the first two applications. Rows 1, 2, 8, 9, and 10 were sprayed by Mr. Hudson immediately after the spraying was completed on the other rows. He treated the trees in his own way, and also sprayed the balance of the orchard. For the first two sprayings arsenate of lead was used, which he made’ from the raw materials, but for the third spraying the use of this material was discontinued and disparene was applied at the rate of 3 pounds to 50 gallons. Bordeaux mixture was used with the first and second spraying. The formula used by him for making this arsenate of lead was: Thirteen ounces of arsenate of soda and 33 ounces of acetate of lead to each 50 gallons of spray. The salts were weighed out in these pro- portions and placed in paper sacks, so that they could be dissolved in separate quantities of water and placed in the spray tank when needed. 17 TABLE II.—Showing treatment and date of application, also the number and percentage of sound and wormy apples. Windfalls. | Picked apples, Percent’ | 5... How First Second | Third |___ of cent o.| spraying. | spraying. | spraying. Wormy Wormy, 1 First Second! P°T- | Aug. 4. - |Sept. 23. |Wormy | Sound. brood brood. fect. SS a? ae — . 1) Arsenateof | Arsenate | Disparene| 919 | 1,044 | 2,034 | 2,517 14 47 39 lead and of lead | | Bordeaux.) and Bor- | deaux a ae GO 3-2 ae Ch es ee qdo.--- 74 | 845 | 1,534 | 1,926 17 Af 37 ee 7 fee ee PENG e See 2,428 | 1,359 1,172) 376 46 47 7 4 | Disparene -| No .-..---- Disparene 156 187 229 | 1,934 6 17 i7 5 aa ee 5 ee eae dow 273 335 497 2 449 | 8 23 69 an r- deaux. ' | 6 | Disparene _ Disparene |__--- dat. 2 246 250 | 435 | 3,938 5 4 81 7 | Disparene | Disparene |__--- do ....| 468 | 5d4 864 | 4,417 | V 23 70 and Bor- and Bor- deaux. deaux. 8 | Arsenateof Arsenate __-_- do) =_.-| 965 1,268 1,918 | 3,011 13 45 42 | lead and; of _ lead Bordeaux. and Bor- deaux (Lgl eee dom e=.2}.<72¢ do's--= feat dgya--e 876 1,407 | 2,824 | 3,004) 11 51 38 Lig) Saas te eel Ss eee |e Oe oe 639 1,614 1,558 | 633 14 72 14 WEATHER RECORD. During the time when the spraying was made the weather condi- tions were favorable, with one exception, as the days were warm and the wind was light, The rainfall at Delaware, reported to Mr. J. Warren Smith, director of the Ohio section of the Weather Bureau, by the local observer, shows that no precipitation was recorded for over a week after the first spraying was applied. On the afternoon of May 22, the day that the second spraying was made, 0.53 inch of rain fell, and this was followed by continued rain or showers on every day for the balance of the month, 1.73 inches being recorded during this time. The first half of the month of June was also very rainy, especially during the first week, the rainfall on the 6th amounting to 2.91 inches. The total for the month was 4.97 inches. Very little rain fell in July after the 13th, which was the date of the third spraying. On the 18th 0.23 inch was recorded, and this was the largest amount on any day during the month. From the fact that the foliage of the trees on rows 4,5, 6, and 7 was well covered with poison late in September, it is probable that the July rains had little influence on the results of the last spraying. AMOUNT OF MATERIAL USED. The average amount of spray material used by us on each row was 35 gallons. During the second spraying on row 6 four nozzles were 22564—No. 46—04——2 18 attached toa single spray pole, and 50 gallons were required to cover the trees. Row 7 was sprayed the same day, using three nozzles, and 35 gallons of spray were required. During the other sprayings a double Vermorel nozzle was used and an average amount of 35 gal- lons per row was applied. Mr. Hudson used a little over 22 gallons per row. COST OF TREATMENT. Estimating the average amount of material used as 35 gallons per row, or 3$ gallons per tree, and counting the cost of disparene at 15 cents, copper sulphate at 6% cents, and lime at one-half cent per pound, the cost of material for treating this block is shown below in Table ITI. The arsenate of lead made by Mr. Hudson is based on arsenate of soda at 53 cents and acetate of lead at 103 cents per pound. TaBLE III.—Cost of material used in spraying. > yr | lM hire, ~ ” rh ‘ la + a He My First spraying. Second spraying. | Phir oe ay en Cae 1 | Arsenate of lead and Bor- | Arsenate of lead and Bor- | Disparene ___| $0.71 $0. O07 fy deaux. deaux. CaN oes Se GO ea See ec Soe Ro Ko eee ee ee Ree Rtas See LA| oe oe GOs ee 71 O75 a BINGO ps 20 ase ee ee INO) #2. cee ee eae oe ae ee INO: Oo ee eee 45 | -Disparenes.2.528. 2 ae INO! Societe 2c kote eesaee tea ees Disparene ___ .63 | 06555 0) | eDispareneiand (Bordeaux INO yseee sense een nee jee ae Colores sae Te 838) O84 6) ODisparenes= ==. = ane see Dispanenets | ao. = Geer eee Paes doe thee 942 . O94 7 | Disparene and Bordeaux__| Disparene and Bordeaux __-__|____- dozens 1351 7134 8 | Arsenate of lead and Bor- | Arsenate of lead and Bor- |____- dose eal OT Ys | deaux. deaux. 92a ee (CMOS a = Brees eae SS eee (0 Koj ee emery eee Doe el) do aca yal OT 25 10) |e (Vo pete Rae Be any Leet 3 ae Pore? (6 V0 Ye Same in fh ANS Se 2 a¥ No dot 71 OT; It is quite usual in reporting the results of spraying for the codling moth to ignore the amount of fruit that is ruined by the first brood of moths or make a general estimate of it. The picked fruit is then considered, and the percentage of wormy apples is based on the count of a few bushels from trees treated in different ways, or a general estimate is given of the amount of sound and wormy fruit. As a matter of fact, the fruit continues to drop from the time the worms begin to feed until it is harvested. In this experiment all windfalls were counted August 4and removed from beneath the trees, and as examination showed that worms were present in the apples it was considered proper to class this fruit as having been destroyed by the first brood of moths. All the fruit remaining on the ground under the trees was removed and counted before harvesting began and, together with the wormy picked fruit, was considered as having been attacked by the second brood. Upon these counts and the counts of the sound apples picked and blown to the ground, the table of percentages is based. , - eg. ew 19 SUMMARY. In considering the final results of this experiment, several impor- tant facts should be borne in mind: First. The orchard had never before been systematically treated, and only a ‘partial effort had been made to control this insect. Second. The crop was very small, thus giving the fruit very little opportunity to escape attack. The same conditions as to the crop prevailed in an adjoining orchard and although systematic spraying was applied, as has been the case for several years, the number of wormy apples was unusually large. Third. The weather late in May and early in June was very wet, and this may have caused the second spraying to have done a minimum amount of good. Fourth. In the light of the results which show a very large amount of damage by the second brood of moths, it may be that more effective work would have been accomplished if the third spraying had been made a week earlier in July. July 13, the date on which the spraying was made, is about as early as it is usual in this latitude to apply the third spraying. According to Riley, the second brood of the moth emerges in the latitude of St. Louis about July 8. As Delaware is ° about 125 miles north of that latitude, an application of poison on the 13th should be in sufficient season to protect the fruit from this brood. Unfortunately I was unable to determine the exact date of emergence of the second brood, but I am informed by Mr. Lowell Roudebush, one of the progressive horticulturists of Clermont County, which is in the southern part of the State, that he observed specimens of the second brood in his orchard at Nicholsville on July 7, 1902, and on July 12, 1903. The materials used by us were of known strength, but the arsenate of lead @ applied by Mr. Hudson depended on the purity of the raw materials that were obtained. This will always be the case with homemade preparations unless a definite guaranty of the chemical purity of the ingredients is required. COMPARISON OF RESULTS. It will be observed that on the cheek row 46 per cent of the fruit was ruined by the first brood and 47 per cent by the second brood of the codling moth. The remaining 7 per cent amounted to about 2 _ bushels and was small and imperfect. Had no spraying been done in this orchard searcely any marketable fruit would have been harvested. A comparison of the percentages of perfect fruit on the rows which were treated three times and those that were treated twice shows a slight increase in favor of three treatments. In this experiment the difference is not marked enough to warrant the expense of an addi- tional treatment. The prevailing wet weather immediately following May 22 may have been responsible for this state of affairs. It will be noted that the per cent of wormy fruit was considerably greater in each case where Bordeaux mixture was added. The results _ An analysis of the acetate of lead and arsenate of soda used by Mr. Hudson, and also by the owner of the adjoining orchard, Mr. Vergon, in preparing this material, was made by the official chemist of the Ohio State board of agriculture. His report, which was received since the presentation of this paper, states that the arsenate of soda contained 25.9 per cent of salt; hence it was very impure. 20 of an early and late spraying on rows 4 and 5 show an increase of 8 per cent of wormy fruit where Bordeaux mixture was added to the first application, while on rows 6 and 7, where three sprayings were made, an increase of 11 per cent of wormy fruit occurs where this mixture was added to the firstand second spraying. Apparently this phase of the treatment is worthy of further trial and consideration, as the results of a single season’s work should not be accepted as con- elusive evidence that the addition of Bordeaux mixture to poisonous sprays diminishes their effectiveness. On row 6, where no Bordeaux mixture was applied, several trees near the north end were quite badly affected by apple scab. The other trees on the same row were only very slightly affected with this disease and to no greater extent than the trees where Bordeaux mix- ture was applied. The results of the spraying by Mr. Hudson show a favorable increase when compared with the check row. This spraying was considerably less successful in holding the insect in check than the treatment that we used with disparene, as will be observed in Table II. This may in part be due to the quality of the poison applied. Mr. Gillette stated that he was much interested in the spraying experiments for the control of the codling moth, as he had studied this insect for several years. He had used arsenate of lead recently in Colorado with good results. It was coming into very general use in his State. He called attention to the large percentage of wormy fruit on the check row, but stated that he believed that if the check trees had been at a considerable distance from the treated trees the amount of wormy fruit would have been larger. He was inclined to think that many of the fruit growers in Colorado were using too large an amount of lime. Doctor Fletcher considered that entomologists should be very care- ful in making recommendations to dispense with Bordeaux mixture when spraying for the codling moth, as, in his experience, it had been exceedingly beneficial in holding several diseases of the apple in eheck. The ‘‘black spot” of the apple causes great loss to the grow- ers in Canada and has been effectually controlled by adding Bordeaux mixture to the spray when treatment was made for the codling moth. He found that its addition usually decreased the effectiveness of the poison a little, but he would not favor leaving it out even if a con- siderably larger per cent of fruit than is the case were found wormy, as mentioned in the paper under discussion. Mr. Gillette remarked that he had been able to recognize only two broods of this insect in Colorado, and that where he had made three sprayings he had, in one ease, reduced the number of wormy apples to 1.6 per cent, while the check block had 31.6 per cent wormy, 21 Mr. French stated that.a fruit grower near Carbondale, Ill., had been in the habit of spraying his apple trees eight times during the season with white arsenic and soda (carbonate of soda), and for the past four years had found only an occasional wormy apple. Some trees of the Winesap variety were sprayed last summer eight times with arsenate of lead, using 3 pounds to 50 gallons of water, and the fruit on these trees was one-fourth to one-half smaller than that on the trees treated with the other material. Mr. Sanderson thought that this might be due to the fact that arsenate of lead would adhere better to the fruit, and that the trees had been oversprayed. He also spoke of the necessity of making accurate counts of all the wormy fruit and taking into consideration the apples that dropped to the ground early in the season, as well as those found on the trees at the time of picking, and gave the follow- ing summary of his experiments in Delaware: (1) Arsenate of iead (disparene), 1 pound to 50 gallons, gives from one-third to one-half more in perfect picked fruit than arsenites of lime or soda, Paris green, or green arsenoid. (2) Paris green or green arsenoid, 1 pound to 160 gallons, and arsenites of lime or soda, 1 gallon to 160 gallons, are practically of equal value. (3) The addition of more arsenite than the above strength is unwarranted. (4) Spraying three times does not give enough benefit to warrant the third spraying if the first two are properly made. (5) It is doubtful whether the addition of adhesives is profitable. (6) The addition of 15 per cent or 20 per cent 150-test kerosene is not deleterious to the insecticidal value of the arsenite or the fungicidal value of the Bordeaux mixture, but the same strength of crude petroleum can not be recommended for use when spraying for the codling moth. (7) A benefit of from 25 to 75 per cent is derived from spraying as regards the amount of fruit dropped, varying with the season and spray. (8) The benefit derived from spraying increases in direct ratio as the per cent of dropped fruit and the percent of wormy fruit on unsprayed trees. (Thus with 56 and 60 per cent wormy fruit and 69 and 56 per cent dropped in 1902 and 1901, respectively, on Winesaps, there was 112 to 186 per cent benefit to the perfect picked fruit sprayed with disparene; 70 and 87 per cent with arsenites of soda and lime in 1902, and 120 per cent with Paris green in 1901; while with an average of 25 per cent wormy dropped on Stark and Nero in 1902 there was but 30 to 37 per cent benefit to perfect picked fruit. ) (9) In the same orchard and variety the per cent of perfect fruit dropping is practically the same whether sprayed or unsprayed, the amount of dropped fruit depending upon the percentage of droppings wormy. (10) The benefit derived from the spraying lies in increasing the amount of picked fruit and decreasing the amount of wormy droppings, and only partly in decreasing the percentage of wormy picked fruit. Mr. Piper suggested that alt the fruit that dropped must not be considered as loss, because in many seasons the fruit on the trees should be thinned in order to produce a large and perfeet crop. Mr. Cooley agreed with Mr. Piper on this point and stated further that in Montana the problem for controlling the codling moth was to 22 prevent its spread into the large commercial orchards, and this was being attempted by spraying in the affected districts. Mr. Lochhead stated that in Ontario one brood only of the moth exists east of Toronto, while two broods are present annually west of that point; he considered spraying essential in the eastern section, and spraying and banding the trees with burlap to be most satisfactory in the western part of the district. The chief difficulty was that many of the orchardists failed to examine the burlap bands regularly and carefully, and in this way many of the moths developed and escaped. In answer to a question of Mr. Sanderson as to the cause of the dif- ferent number of broods, he replied that the climate of Ontario was peculiar, inasmuch as the two districts alluded to were located in different life zones, and that this fact would undoubtedly explain the difference in the number of broods. Doctor Fletcher did not think it advisable to leave check trees in experimental orchards—there were only too many orchards which were not sprayed which could be used for comparison—and recommended spraying five times, but stated that where he had sprayed only twice in eastern Canada fairly good results had been obtained. Ile expressed the opinion that many apply the first spraying too early and that it is not necessary to make this treatment until a full week after the blos- soms have fallen. ‘ During this season a severe drought had apparently checked the damage done by this insect in eastern Canada. The second brood was the most difficult to treat, and he had advised spray- ing in the East and the use of burlap in addition to spraying in the West, as had been stated by Professor Lochhead. Mr. Gillette remarked that this insect passed the winter in the lar- val stage and that he kad never discovered it in any other condition at that season of the year. Mr. Piper spoke of the conditions in the State of Washington and expressed the opinion that the destructiveness of this insect depended largely on the life zones in which it was found. There were still many problems concerning it to be solved. In the valleys where the San Jose scale existed in many of the orchards the codling moth was also present. He had advised four or five sprayings and stated that Mr. Aldrich believed that there are three broods of the moth in some parts of the State. Mr. Sanderson said that the inseet was somewhat variable in regaid to the number of broods in Delaware and that he had been able to demonstrate that in some cases only one brood existed. He found that larvee collected August 10 had passed the winter without pupat- ing. In Texasthis insect was very destructive to pears in the vicinity of El Paso. Mr. Gillette reported having found the second brood of moths as early as July 12 in Colorado, at Grand Junction, and Mr. Cooley had coneluded from his experiencesin Montana that there were two broods 23 annually and probably no more. Mr. Gillette had found that the first brood extends over about sixty-nine days—that is, the moths from this brood have continued to emerge for that number of days at Fort Collins. Doctor Fletcher called attention to the fact that the difference in the time of hatching of eggs is very common in nature. Ten days’ dif- ference in the time of egg laying might have considerable bearing on the date of maturity of the progeny. Larve hatching early might mature the same season, while later individuals would go over the winter. He referred to the fact that Mr. C. B. Simpson had proved that the larvee of the codling moth were able to develop on the leaves of apple trees and that this would give the insect a chance to be car- ried over in case the fruit crop was a failure. Mr. Gillette cited an instance that had come under his observation, where a hailstorm, late in May, removed all the fruit from the trees. During the next two years the apples in orchards that were in the area covered by the storm had been almost entirely free from worms, while orchards lying just outside this area had their apples badly infested. Mr. Cooley expressed the opinion that this moth was very suscepti- ble to changes in temperature in the spring, and that this accounted for the overlapping of the broods. He had placed an unimpregnated female moth in a bottle in his refrigerator, and after two months it had been removed and placed in a window during a warm day. The moth revived and at first was very active, but died after a short time. Mr. Sanderson suggested that the second spraying be made a little later in the season and believed that it would give better results. The next paper presented is as follows: A NEW ENEMY TO THE PLUM, DIMORPHOPTERYX PINGUIS. By JAMES FLETCHER. | Withdrawn for publication elsewhere. | AFTERNOON SESSION, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1903. The meeting was called to order by Doctor Fletcher, and the follow- ing paper was presented: SOME ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO THE TABANIDZ. By James 8. Hine, Columbus, Ohio. An interesting entomological study is that which has for its object the separation of beneficial and injurious species, but it is safe to say that one is almost sure to meet with perplexing questions when he 24 undertakes a study of the kind. Some statements bearing on the matter regarding the Tabanidze have appeared from time to time in the literature of economic entomology. If I understand the situation, some hold that it is not advisable to attack these insects in the imma- ture stages on account of the predaceous habits of the larve. So far as the study of this latter stage has advanced, all that bears on feed- ing habits indicates that they are as apt to feed on beneficial as injurious forms; and since the remedies for horseflies in any stage are, to a degree, unsatisfactory, it seems best to pursue any mode of attack that offers results without reference to the stage in which the attack is made. By studying the egg-laying habits of different species, it is revealed that there is a certain uniformity in regard to the matter. Tabanus stygius Say, in the locality where I have studied it, places its masses of eggs on the leaves of Sagittaria almost altogether, and since these plants have a tendency to grow in patches, one often finds a small area where these eggs are very abundant, while but a short distance away where the plants may not be growing scarcely any are to be found. =k 085 749 69 Si shOUNCEICYVaAnlGGes2= -— <5) a eeey hes 2 La Se ee ene 1,050 T05 67 Record of Wheeler’s Late peach buds treated with whale oil soap mixtures. r ples Number Number) Percent- Formula. Fur mheg e eat- |of trees} of buds | age of i budded.| set. | buds set. | ba cae 2 pounds per gallon ___..._____- a AYE nts Be rey | INOyas sae eee oeee | 69 55 80 Do isesh sree ee ee ee eee SWiashed fans 255= | 964 | 52 68 Check 5 2 ee as ea ee et, ee ee epee ee hee Seem Se 86 | 58 67 iE poundiper call ones. seca: see eae Se eee [BINGO We eins 4a toe 68 52 76 OG 4 Se bi Se eee, eee | (Washed ase sas22 961 | 559 67, Check’ 22272 ee Foe ee oe le ee ee ee 86 48 56 | It will be noted that the peach buds were not injured by fumigation or treatment with the soap. The fact that a greater percentage of the buds failed at the west end of the rows is due to other causes, such as the character of the ground and climatic conditions. THE EFFECT OF THESE TREATMENTS ON THE SAN JOSE SCALE. The fruit used in the tests was badly infested with the scale and in most cases many young lice were present. After the fumigation or treatment it was placed in paper sacks, which were labeled and removed to the office at Columbus, where the following records were made: 37 FUMIGATION. Test No. 1: August 28, 1902. Fumigated four apples, using 1 ounce cyanide; treatment similar to that of the buds in lot 1. August 31, 1902. No living young or old scales present. October 15, 1902. No young have developed. Old scales dead. Test No. 2: August 28, 1902. Fumigated three apples, using three-fourths ounce cyanide; treatment similar to that of the buds in lot 2. August 31, 1902. No living young or old scales present. October 15, 1902. No young scales have developed. Old scales dead. Test No. 3: August 28, 1963. Fumigated three apples, using one-half ounce cyanide; treatment similar to that of the buds in lot 3. August 31, 1903. No living young present. Ontwo apples some of the old females are apparently alive. September 6, 1908. No young found. Old scales apparently dead. October 15, 1903. No young have developed. Old scales dead. The effect of the gas on the scales was fatal in each case. No living insects were noted in three days after treatment except in test No. 3, where the smallest amount of cyanide was used, and they per- ished without giving birth to young. DIPPING IN WHALE OIL SOAP MIXTURE. In the following tests the apples were placed in a coarse sack and immersed in the soap mixture for fifteen minutes. Test No. 4: August 28, 1902. Dipped three apples in whale oil soap mixture; 2 pounds of soap to each gallon of water. August 31, 1902. No living young or old scales observed; scales are dark in color. September 6, 1902. A few young scales and lice present. September 15, 1902. Two apples very slightly infested; one not infested. October 15, 1902. Two apples very slightly infested; one not infested. Test No. 6: August 28, 1902. Dipped three apples in whale oil soap mixture; 2 pounds of soap to each gallon of water. After removal they were washed with water. August 31,1902. Scales are bright in color; young lice present on two apples. September 6, 1902. Most of the old scales are dead; many young crawling. Well-developed females appear to be more easily killed than immature ones. September 15, 1902. Many young scales present. October 15, 1902. Plenty of live scales in all stages. Test No. 6: August 28, 1902. Dipped three apples in whale oil soap mixture; 1 pound of soap to each gallon of water. August 31, 1902. Lice crawling on two of the apples. September 6, 1902. Many mature females dead; lice and young scales pres- ent on all apples. October 15, 1902. Plenty of live scales in all stayes. 38 Test No. 7: August 28, 1902. Dipped three apples in whale oil soap mixture; 1 pound of soap to each gallon of water. After removal they were washed with water. August 31, 1902. Plenty of young on all apples. September 6, 1902. Plenty of young on all apples; few old females dead. September 15, 1902. All apples thoroughly infested. Test No. 8: August 28, 1902. Check lot of infested apples. Scales breeding profusely September 6, 1902. All apples thoroughly infested. September 15, 1902. All apples thoroughly infested; badly rotted. In the above tests with whale oil soap mixture it will be noted that many of the mature females were killed, but in all cases where the fruit was washed after treatment a large number of young developed. When used at the rate of 1 pound to each gallon of water and treated as in test No. 7 few of the scales were killed. The most successful treatment was in test No. 4, where 2 pounds of soap was used to each gallon of water, no washing being given the fruit, but even in this case one or more scales survived, as two of the three apples were very slightly infested at the close of the experiment. It is a difficult mat- ter to reach every scale even by this method, as some time is required for the liquid to penetrate those that are hidden beneath the calyx lobes of the apple, which seems to be a favorite place for the young lice to settle. A comparison of the method of dipping the buds and that of fumi- gation shows that the latter is more effective and leaves them in bet- ter condition for use. The cost of either measure is so small that it is scarcely worth considering when the benefits to be derived are taken into account. ee Shi bt EXPENDITURES. Printing announcements and programmes -_____._...-.-------- } $3.75 Postage on announcements, programmes, and correspondence 3.50 Envelopes for mailing announcements and programmes. __._.__. -- . 55 — 7.80 Deficit __- SSS Rake SE ee palit Pr ee 2. 28 Respectfully submitted. - A, F. BuraEss, Treasurer. Str. Lovuts, Mo., December 80, 1908. We have examined the report of the treasurer, above given in full, and find it correct. Respectfully submitted. JAMES S. HINE, CHARLES A. HART, Auditing Committee. 92 The committee on membership submitted the following recom- mendations: For active members: Mr. George H. French, Carbondale, Ill.; Mr. P. J. Parrott, Geneva, N. Y.; Mr. A. W. Morrill, Victoria, Tex. To be changed from associate to active members: Miss Mary E. Murtfeldt, Kirkwood, Mo.; Mr. F. H. Snow, Lawrence, Kans.; Mr. T. B. Symons, College- park, Md. For associate members: Mr. Otto H. Swezey, Columbus, Ohio; Mr. 5S. A. John- son, Fort Collins, Colo.; Mr. F. C. Bishopp, Collegepark, Md.; Mr. Douglas B. Young, Albany, N. Y.; Mr. E. C. Green, College Station, Tex.; Mr. E. P. Taylor, Champaign, Il. The committee further recommend the adoption of the by-law relative to mem- bership, which was presented at the meeting at Pittsburg in June, 1902. Respectfully submitted. HERBERT OSBORN, Chairman. F. M. WEBSTER. Pea bnmr: 3y vote of the Association the list of names presented for member- ship was accepted as reported by the committee. The by-law referred to in the report is as follows: It shall be the duty of the officers of the Association, each year previous to the annual meeting, to carefully examine the list of members and recommend to the Association the dropping of such names as have in their opinion no further place upon our roll, such recommendations to be acted upon by the Association, and a vote of two-thirds of the members present to be sufficient to drop any name. That in the interpretation of the paragraph of the constitution regarding the election of new members it be understood that an **‘ economic entomologist’ is a person who has been trained in entomological work and whose known work or published papers show him to be capable of conducting original work in economic entomology. That the term ‘* practical entomologist,’ referring to associate members, be held to indicate persons who have done general work in entomology and who have, by published papers or otherwise, given evidence of their attainments in such work. That associate members be listed separately in the published roll, or the fact that they are associate members be indicated in the list. After some diseussion it was voted to adopt the first paragraph of the suggested by-law, and the remaining paragraphs were laid on the table until the next annual meeting. Mr. Sanderson next read a paper entitled— INSECTS OF 1903 IN TEXAS. By E. Dwiaut SANDERSON, College Station, Tex. Entomological problems in Texas are many and varied. Many pests are brought to our attention which have been comparatively unknown to entomologieal records heretofore. 935 GRAIN INSECTS. The southern grain louse (Vowxoplera graminum Rond.), made its appearance on wheat and oats in parts of north Texas early in March, but was soon destroyed by parasites. The winged aphis evidently migrates to the grain in the fall, as the injury commences in spots here and there over the field, and previous to the outbreak of 1901 these spots were observed as early as December, 1900. It seems prob- able that the pest is held in control by hymenopterous parasites whose reproduction is prevented by continued cold, wet weather, as Pro- fessor Webster has shown is the case with the nearly allied grain Nectarophora. The early spring of 1901 was unusually cold, wet, and backward in the injured territory. The aphides disappeared from the fields early in April, 1905, as in 1901. Evidently they migrate to some other host plant. They were reared in the laboratory until June 1 without any change of form or habit being indicated. Specimens of Nectarophora cerealis“ were secured early in January and reared until late April. Late in April apterous cviparous females and winged males appeared, and eggs were laid on the stalks of grain in the tubes. I was unable to secure the hatching of any of these eggs, or to find them in the field. This species becomes rare on small grains after early June, when they commence to head. It evidently must migrate to some other plant, upon which it probably lays an egg, as I have been unable to find any record of the egg. Aphis avenwe Fab. (?)—Specimens determined by Mr. Th. Pergande as this species were found on small grains early in January com- monly throughout the grain belt of the State and sometimes in con- siderable numbers. Several generations were reared up to June 1. This species remains near the surface of the soil, largely at the bases of the leaves. In May it was found on the roots of John- son grass, and it was often found on the crownof a grain plant. The specimens I have do not agree with the description of Fabricius, but are given under this species upon Mr. Pergande’s authority. Aphis maidis Fitch was received upon barley whichit had damaged in January and May. I have not noticed it on any other small grain. In August it becomes abundant on corn and later on sorghum, some- times doing considerable damage. The chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus) has been the most serious insect pest of corn in Oklahoma and north Texas for many years. In 1901 and 1902 drought and chineh bugs caused a practically total failure of the corn crop in the larger part of north Texas. This year the bugs appeared in large numbers upon the corn as soon as it “I am unable to determine whether this is N. cerealis Kalt. or N. granaria Kby. Mr. Pergande informs me that he will shortly publish a paper in which these characters will be defined. Uyp to this time the two names seem to have heen used synonymously by American writers. 94 appeared above ground, but, owing to a good rainfall through the spring, did not do general injury. Ilere and there injury by the see- ond brood was reported to us. College Station is the southernmost point where we observed injury which was due to the first brood in May. The habits of this pest are somewhat different from what they are farther north, and it is therefore more difficult to combat. Where small grains are grown in winter it migrates from them to the corn early in June as elsewhere, and most injury is then due to the second brood, in Juneor early July. But where no small grains are grown the bugs emerge from winter quarters by the middle of April and assemble on the young corn in large numbers as soon as it isout of the soil. At this time the air is often fullof them. On May 8 from 20 to 50 adult bugs and 5 to 15 newly hatched nymphs were to be found on each hill of corn at the college. The first brood of adult bugs commenced to appear about the middle of June. The second brood was found the first week of August, anda third brood is found about the middle of Sep- tember, mostly on sorghum. Wherever sorghum stubble is left on the land over winter injury is worse the next season, as the bugs breed on it late in the fall and hibernate in the stubble. It has been found that the bugs seem to prefer millet and sorghum to corn in early spring, and we are now planning experiments to use these as trap crops for the protection of the corn. Thyanta perditor Fab. was sent me from several points in north Texas during the summer months, with reports that it occurred in extraordinary numbers and had seriously injured oats, corn, and sor- ghum, and was also in milo maize and cowpeas. The habits of the pest seem to be very similar to those of Lioderma wuhleri Stal, deseribed by Prof. D. A. Saunders in South Dakota in 1898,¢ for which insect we first mistook it. Its identity was kindly determined by Dr. H. T. Fernald. It occurs commonly in central and north Texas on various crops. The larva of Diabrotica 12-punctata caused the replanting of corn in a number of instances in central Texas. COTTON PESTS. The cotton square borer (Uranotes melinus TWubn.).—The larva of this dainty butterfly has been a serious pest of cotton for many years, as well as that of Calycopis cecrops Fab. (Thecla peas Hubn.) This season the former species has been the more common observed by us, The principal injury occurs in June by the larve of the first brooa boring into and hollowing out the young squares. One larva will 99 from square to square, thus soon stripping a plant, and often boring into the stalk. Fortunately these larvee were severely parasitized, it 95 reported after June. We are informed that in some localities this insect has been injurious for some years, while elsewhere this seems to have been the first season in which it has been noticed. It isa common pest of cowpeas and other legumes. The white-lined morning sphinx (Dedephila lineata Fab.) always does more or less damage to young cotton in weedy fields. This year these larvee appeared in extraordinary numbers near San Antonio and destroyed not only cotton but all sorts of garden truck. The garden webworm (Lo.costege similalis Guen.) did serious injury to young cotton in southwest and north Texas and Oklahoma, caus- ing replanting in many instances. The common name ‘*‘ careless worm” used by the planters is peculiarly applicable to this pest, as it increases and becomes injurious only where the careless weeds (Amaranthus spp.) are allowed to grow, and can easily be controlled by spraying or dusting. In southwest Texas the large lubber grasshopper (Brachypeplus magnus) usually destroys a considerable amount of cotton. The hop- pers occur in large numbers and go through a field, cutting off all the cotton in their path. Likewise Lachnosterna lanceolata Say often occurs in large swarms and cuts off the young plants on considerable areas. PECAN INSECTS. The growing of pecans is becoming a very profitable industry in Texas, though its development has only commenced. The worst pest yet brought to my attention is the pecan husk worm (Acrobasis carye Grote). The larvee bore into the young pecans, hollowing them out and causing them to drop to the ground. Later they riddle the husk and channel the surface of the nut. This spe- cies occurs on pecans where they grow in Texas, and, according to Doctor Dyar, in Illinois, Massachusetts, and New York. It is reported to sometimes almost totally destroy the crop in localities and to do serious injury generally in west central Texas, the chief pecan section. Usually injury is most between May 20 and June 10. This year the pest did comparatively litthe damage and no moths emerged until July 9. This was largely due to hymenopterous parasites. No means of practical control have yet been ascertained. Phylloxera sp. has been sent me as injurious to peean foliage near Galveston, and I find it common on the caiapus at the college. The fall webworm is frequently injurious to pecan trees and this season did much damage to fruit trees in south Texas. Agric., pp. 1-4, 1898. Exureir: Adult and figure. THE TAPESTRY MOTH. Trichophaga tapetzella Linn. For general article see Marlatt, Circ. 36, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. (Formerly Z7nea.) For general article see Marlatt, Cire. 36, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., p. 5, 1898. Exatpir: Figure. THE WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH. Tineola biselliella Hum. (Formerly Z7/ne.) For general article see Marlatt, Cire. 36, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 4-5, 1898. Exutpir: Adult and figure. THE RED-LEGGED HAM BEETLE. Necrobia rufipes DeG. (Formerly Corynetes.) Exurpir: Adult and figure. THE LARDER BEETLE. Dermestes lardarius Linn. Exurperr: Adult and figure. THE CARPET BEETLE OR ‘‘ BUFFALO MOTH.”’ Anthrenus scrophularix Linn. dp For general article see Howard, Cire. Be diy.» bont..° Us Agric., 1894. Exuipitr: Adult and figure. THE CHEESE OR HAM SKIPPER. Piophila casei Linn. . Dept. Exnipir: Adult. THE FRUIT OR VINEGAR FLY Drosophila ampelophila Loew. For general accounts see Howard, Bul. 4, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 109-111, 1896; Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vy. I, pp. 589-590, pl. 31, fig. 2, 1900. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE LITTLE RED ANT. Monomorium pharaonis Linn. For general article see Marlatt, Cire. 34, Diy. Ent., U.S. Dept., Agric., pp. 1-2, 1898. For bibliography and general account see Lintner, 11th Rept. N. Y. St. Entom., pp. 109-114, 1896. Exurerr: Adult and figure. 118 INSECTS WHICH MAY SPREAD DISEASE. General articles: Howard, Farmers’ Bulletin 155, U. S. Dept. Agric., 1902; also Bul. 30, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 39-45, 1901. THE YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO. Stegomyia fasciata Fab. (Is the intermediate host for the parasite of yellow fever. Formerly Culex.) Exnipir: Adult and figure. THE MALARIA MOSQUITO. Anopheles maculipennis Meig. (The most important of the mosquitoes transmitting malaria. For- merly A. guadrimaculatus.) Exureir: Adult and figure. THE GREEN BOTTLE FLY. Lucilia cesar Linn. For general article see Howard, Cire. 35, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1898. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE STABLE FLY. Stomoxys calcitrans Linn. For special article see Howard, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v. I, pp. 577-579, fig. 27, 1900. Kxnipit: Adult and figure. THE HIPPELATES FLY. Hippelates flavipes Loew. (Facilitates the spread of the disease known as ‘* pink-eye.”) Exureir: Adult and figure. THE BROWN DUNG FLY. Scatophaga furcata Say. Exurpir: Adult and figure. THE SHINING EXCREMENT FLY. Morellia micans Macq. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE LITTLE HOUSE FLY. Homalomyia brevis Rond. Exureir: Adult and figure. THE FRUIT OR VINEGAR FLY. Drosophila ampelophila Loew. Exunipit: Adult and figure. 119 THE SCREW-WORM FLY. Chrysomyia macellaria Fab. (Formerly Compsomyia.) For special article see Howard, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v. I], p. 562, 1900. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE CATTLE TICK. Boophilus annulatus Say. (Very common on cattle below the Texas fever line, and known to ‘be responsible for transmission of Texas fever among cattle.) Exnipir: Eggs, adult, and figure. INSECTS WHICH DIRECTLY INJURE OR ANNOY HUMAN BEINGS. THE HOUSE FLY. Musca domestica Linn. For general article see Howard, Cire. 35, Div. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1898. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE SOUTHERN BUFFALO GNAT. Simulium pecuarum Riley. For general article and full life history see Osborn, Bul. 5, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 41-52, 1896. Kxuipit: Adult and figure. THE CAT AND DOG FLEA. Ctenocephalus canis Curtis (Formerly called Pulex serraticeps Gerv.) For general account see Howard and Marlatt, Bul. 4, n. s., rev. ed., Diy. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 24-31, 1902. For full bibliography see Baker, Proc. U.S. N. M., v. XXVII, p. 438, 1904. Exurpit: Figure. THE BLOOD-SUCKING CONE-NOSE. Conorhinus sanguisuga Lee. For general article see Howard and Marlatt, Bul. 4, n. s., rev. ed., Diy. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 38-42, 1902. Exurpir: Ege, nymph, adult, and figure. PP? THE HOUSE MOSQUITO. Culex pipiens Linn. For general article and life history see Howard, Bul. 25, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 22-28, 1900. Treated as CL pungens Wied. Exureir: Adult and figure. 120 THE BEDBUG. Klinophilos lectularia Linn. (Formerly Acanthia and Cimex.) For general article see Marlatt, Circ. 47, Div. Ent., U. §. Dept. Agric., 1902. Exuipir: Nymph, adult, and figure. THE BLACK BEETLE. Blatta orientalis Linn. For general article see Marlatt, Circ. 51, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 9-10, 1902. Exureir: Adult and figure. THE RED BUG. Leptus irritans Riley. For general article see H. Osborn, Bul. 5, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept Agric., pp. 251-253, 1896. ExuiBit: Figure. THE HEAD LOUSE. Pediculus capitis DeG. For general article see H. Osborn, Bul. 5, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 166-L67, 1896. Exuisit: Figure. THE BODY LOUSE. Pediculus vestimenti Leach. For eveneral article see H. Osborn, Bul. 5, n. s., Div. Ent. Us: Dept. Agric., pp. 167-168, 1896. ExuisiT: Figure. THE CRAB LOUSE. Phthirius inguinalis Leach. For general article see H. Osborn, Bul. 5, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 165-166, 1896. Exureir: Eges, adult, and figure. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO DOMESTIC ANIMALS. For general account with illustrations of many of the insects affect- ing domestic animals see Osborn, Bull. 5, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 1-302, 1896. THE SOUTHERN BUFFALO GNAT. Simulium pecuarum Riley. Exurprr: Adult and figure. THE TURKEY GNAT. Simwium meridionale Riley. Exuipir: Pupa, adult, and figure. 121 AMERICAN GAD-FLY. Tabanus americanus Forst. Exutprr: Adult. THE GRAY-STRIPED GREEN-HEAD. Tabanus lineola Fab. Exnuipir: Adult and figure. THE BLACK GAD-FLY. Tabanus atratus Linn. Exurpir: Larva, adult, figure, and figure of parasite Phanurus tabanivorus Ashm. THE GREENHEAD. Tabanus costalis Wied. Exureir: Adult. TABANUS EXUL C. S. Exuipir: Adult. TABANUS PUNCTIFER O. 8S. Exuteir: Adult. TABANUS CINCTUS Fab. Exuisir: Adult. MEXICAN BOT-FLY. Tabanus mexicanus Linn, Exureir: Adult. THE BLACK-STRIPED GAD-FLY. Tabanus nigrovittatus Macq. Exuipit: Adult. THE BLACK-STRIPED EAR-FLY Chrysops vittatus Wied. Exuipir: Adult and figure. CHRYSOPS ATROPOS O. S. Exuteir: Adult. CHRYSOPS HILARIS O. 8S. Exuipir: Adult. THE STABLE FLY. Stomoxys caleitrans Linn. For special article see Howard, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sei., v. Il, pp. 577-579, fig. 27, 1900. Exuipit: Adult and figure. THE HORSE BOT-FLY. Gastroph ius ¢ qui Fab. Exuipit: Eggs, larva, puparia, adult, and figure. THE ‘‘CHIN”’ FLY. Gastrophilus nasalis Linn. Exutpit: Adult. 122 THE WARBLE FLY. Hypoderma bovis DeG. (A European species. ) Exuisir: Eggs, adult and figure. THE OX BOT; OX WARBLE. Hypoderma lineata Vill. Exuipit: Larva, adult, and figure. THE SHEEP BOT-FLY; HEAD MAGGOT. (Estrus ovis Linn. Exuipir: Larva, puparia, adult, and figure. THE HORN FLY. Hexmatobia serrata R-D. For special article see Riley and Howard, Insect Life, v. I], pp. 93-105. Exurpir: Puparium, adult, and figure. THE SHEEP TICK. Melophagus ovinus Linn. Exureit: Adult and figure. THE SCREW-WORM FLY. Chrysomyia macellaria Fab. (Formerly Compsomyza.) For special article see Howard, Proc. Washington Acad. Sei., v. I, p. 562, 1900. Exurpir: Adult and figure. THE CAT AND DOG FLEA. Ctenocephalus canis Curtis. (Formerly called Pulex serraticeps Gery.) For full bibliography see Baker, Proc. U.S. N. M., v. X XVII, p. 438, 1904. Exurpit: Figure. THE SUCKING HORSE-LOUSE. Hematopinus asini Linn, Wxuipir: Figure. THE SHORT-NOSED OX-LOUSE. Heematopinus eurysternus Nitseh. Exnipit: Figure. THE LONG-NOSED OX-LOUSE. Hematopinus vituli Linn. Exuipir: Adult and figure. 125 THE CATTLE LOUSE. Trichodectes scalaris Nitsch., Exuiprr: Adult and figure. THE SHEEP LOUSE. Trichodectes sphxrocephalus Nitsch. Exnrprr: Adult and figure. TICKS INJURIOUS TO DOMESTIC ANIMALS. For general account, bibliography, and illustrations see Salmon and Stiles, Cattle Ticks, 17th Ann. Rept. B. A. I., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 380-491, 1900. THE CATTLE TICK. Boophilus annulatus Say. (Very common on cattle below the Texas fever line and known to be responsible for transmission of Texas fever among cattle. ) Exurpir: Adult and figure. THE SOUTHERN CHICKEN TICK. Argas miniatus Koch. (Also. reported on cattle.) Exureit: Adult and figure. THE SPINOSE EAR TICK. Ornithodoros megnini Dugés. (On man, cattle, horses, dogs, sheep, ete.) Exnisir: Adult and figure. THE AMERICAN DOG TICK. Dermacentor electus Koch. (On man, cattle, dogs, and horses. ) Exurprr: Adult and tigure. THE NETTED TICK. Dermacentor reticulatus Fab. (On man, cattle, horses, and sheep.) Exiupit: Adult and figure. THE LONE-STAR TICK. Amblyomma americanum Linn. (Not uncommon on cattle and man.) Exureir: Adult and figure. THE CASTOR-BEAN TICK. [rodes ricinus Linn. (On man, cats, dogs, cattle, goats, horses, rabbits, ete.) Exuripir: Adult and figure. 124 SPECIAL EXHIBIT OF MODELS OF INSECTS AND OF PLANTS AND INSECTS AFFECTING THEM. YELLOW FEVER MOSQUITO. Stegomyia fasciata Fab. Enlarged model. This mosquito transmits yellow fever and it is now the opinion of the best-posted experts that only through its bite can one contract this disease. MALARIA MOSQUITO. Anopheles maculipennis Meig. Enlarged model. This and other species of Anopheles are the only known transmitters of human malaria. The parasitic organism causing malaria inhabits the red-blood cells of human beings. — It is taken with the blood into the stomach of the mosquito. There it under- goes a sexual development, reproduces, and the offspring are carried with the mosquito poison into the circulation of healthy human beings. SALT MARSH MOSQUITO. Culex sollicitans Walk. Enlarged model. This mosquito is not known to carry any disease, but is very annoying at many seaside resorts. “ . > THE HOUSEFLY. Musca domestica Linn. Enlarged model. The housefly is not merely a nuisance, but also acts as a carrier of many diseases, especially in the United States of typhoid fever. HESSIAN FLY. Cecidomyia destructor Say. One of the most injurious enemies of wheat in the Northern and Central States. The larva attacks the stem. The average yearly damage to the wheat industry in this country from this insect is $60,000,000. Enlarged models are exhibited of the adult fly, and of an infested stalk of wheat showing the so-called ‘* flaxseed” stage of the insect. Two natural-size models are exhibited, one representing a healthy, unaffected young wheat plant to contrast with the same attacked by the Hessian fly; the other illustrating the effects of the attacks of the Hessian fly. GRAPE-VINE TRUMPET-GALL. Lasioptera viticola O. 8. Model in wax of the abnormal growths caused by the sting of a minute dipterous insect not infrequently observed on the leaves of the grape. 125 GRAPE-VINE TOMATO-GALL. Lasioptera vitis O. 5. Model in wax of the abnormal growths on terminal twigs of the grape, caused by the sting of a little gnat. GRAPE-VINE PHYLLOXERA-GALZ. Phylloxera vastatrix Planch. Model in wax of the galls produced by the leaf form of the grape Phylloxera, showing their characteristic appearance and disposition on the leaf. SOCIAL GRAPE CATERPILLAR. Harrisina americana Harr. Twigs of grape-vine modeled in wax, showing the characteristic appearance and work of the larve and their method of feeding in uniform rows on the leaf. THE GRAPE-SEED WEEVIL. Craponius inequalis Say. A bunch of grapes, showing damage to the berries by the larve of this insect; also punctures made by the female beetle in oviposition. THE SILKWORM. Bombyx (Sericaria) mori Linn. Enlarged model of the larva, showing its complete anatomy; the muscles, nerves, trachie, viscera, the silk apparatus in its whole extent, the silk-secreting gland, and the gland discovered by Auzoux, which secretes a liquid, the use of which is most probably to convert the silky matter into insoluble threads. In one of the prolegs may be seen the muscles which move the claws and sucking disks which enable the animal to walk with its true feet in the air. Enlarged models of the moths, male and female. In each model is shown the atrophy of the digestive tube and the development of the marvelous organs by which the species is perpetuated. (After Auzoux.) HOP PLANT-LOUSE. Phorodon humuli Schr. Unarrectep Hop Piant.—A spray of hops, modeled in wax, repre- senting the plant as it appears in vigorous growing condition, and free from the attacks of its principal enemy, the hop plant-louse to con- trast the stronger foliage and the more abundant and larger hops produced by plants from which the hop louse has been eradicated by the use of proper remedies. ArrecrED Hor Pianr.—A spray of hops modeled in wax, repre- senting the vine as it appears when attacked by the hop plant-louse, showing the blackening and discoloration of the leaves and the small and inferior hops which are also discolored and otherwise unsuitable for market. 126 Winter Eaes.—Enlarged model of the winter eggs, which are attached by the sexual female to the terminal twigs of the plum, in crevices around the buds. Srem-Morurr.—The stout female plant-louse shown in this enlarged model hatches from the winter egg and is characterized by shorter legs and honey-tubes. It gives birth without the intervention of the male to living young, of which three generations are produced on the plum trees, the last being winged and migrating to the hop. Wincep Micrant.—This enlarged model represents the first winged generation, the third produced on the plum. It instinctively flies to the hop plant and is the progenitor of from five to twelve wingless generations of virgin females, which infest the hop plants until autumn, and are the sole forms which depredate on the hop. In autumn the last generation again produces winged females which fly to the plum trees. Hor-AFFECTING STaAGE.—This enlarged model represents the strue- ture and appearance of the five to twelve wingless generations of vir- gin females which people the hop plant until autumn. These are the progeny of the winged migrants and are the sole forms which injure the hop. Return Micranr.—This enlarged model represents the last gen- eration produced on the hop, the winged migrant form which in Sep- tember returns again to the plum and gives birth to three or more young, which are the true sexual females, the first perfect sexual females produced in the cycle up to this point. Pura oF Rerurn Micrant.—This model represents the pupal stage of the return migrant. The striking features are the wing pads, which with another molt become the ample flight organs seen in the model of the adult. TRUE Sexuan Fremate.—This enlarged model represents the gen- eration born of the return migrant, which never acquire wings and never leave the plum tree. Maturing in a few days, according to the temperature, they are fertilized by the true winged males which have been subsequently developed on the hops, and have come from the hop fields to the plum. Shortly after fertilization the winter eggs, like those with which the cycle started, are deposited. Youne Sexuan FemMate.—This enlarged model represents the newly hatched stage of the only perfectly developed sexual female produced in the life cycle of this insect. Wincep Maue.—This enlarged model represents the first and only male generation produced in the life cycle of the hop-plant louse. This is developed in the autumn, and flies from the hop to the plum and fertilizes the true sexual females. 127 CHINCH BUG. Blissus leucopterus Say. Tue Eees.—This enlarged model represents the form of the egg and the terminal cap. The eggs are three-hundredths of an inch long, the top being squarely docked and surrounded by four round tubercles near the center. Color from pale whitish to amber. First Larvant Srace.—This stage, represented enlarged in this model, differs from the adult in being more elongate and in having two-jointed tarsi, the head broader and more rounded and the joints of the body subequal. The prevailing color of the whole body is red. Seconp LAarvAL StaGe.— After the first molt the form represented in this enlarged model is assumed. The red becomes a brilliant ver- milion and contrasts with the pale band across the middle of the body, while the head and prothorax are dusky and coriaceous. Two broad marks appear on the mesothorax and the second, fourth, and fifth abdominal sutures, and one at the tip of the abdomen. Pupa.—The pupa shown in this enlarged model approaches still more nearly the form of the adult, and is not unlike the last larval stage except in being darker and in the appearance of wing-pads, which extend almost across the pale basal abdominal joints. Tue Imaco.—The mature insect which is represented enlarged in this model is elongate, blackish, and with numerous hairs, or pubes- cense. Its length is about three-twentieths of an inch. The outer wings are whitish, with a strong distinctive black spot. THE SAN JOSE SCALE. Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. Ten enlarged models are exhibited illustrating the life cycle of this pest, which has caused more damage to the fruit industry and been the object of more legislation than any other insect. Its small size and inconspicuous appearance often leave it undetected until the infested trees are beyond recovery. The scale may be killed by fumi- gation or spraying. Enlarged models are exhibited of the jrst and second larval stages, of the young crawling larva, nearly full-grown larva, male pro-pupa, male pupa, adult male, adult female, and of the half-grown scale, full- grown male scale, and full-grown female scale. THE ASIATIC LADY-BIRD. Chilocorus similis Rossi. Two enlarged models are exhibited illustrating the adult and the larva of this insect, which was introduced by the U. 8S. Department of Agriculture from China, where it is the important agent in keeping the San José scale in check. 128 THE CODLING MOTH. Carpocapsa pomonella Linn. Four enlarged models illustrating the life history of this insect which is the cause of the ‘‘wormy apples.” The damage from it in this country is estimated at $11,000,000 annually. Models are exhibited of the /arva and of the adu/t moth; and also an enlarged section of a prece of bark, cut so as to show a cocoon and pupa of the codling moth beneath it, and an enlarged section of ‘*wormy” apple showing egg, young, and mature larva and their work. THE MEXICAN COTTON BOLL WEEVIL. Anthonomus grandis Boh. Enlarged model. This insect is a native of Cuba and Mexico; upwards of ten years ago the weevils crossed the Rio Grande near Brownsville and have now spread over nearly the entire cotton belt of Texas. Its rapid extension, great destructiveness, and the unusual difficulties in the way of its control have caused grave fears for the future of the cotton industry in the United States. The Federal Govy- ernment has this year appropriated $250,000 for combating this insect. THE HONEY BEE. Apis mellifera Linn. Enlarged models, reproducing the insect in six different forms— queen, male, wax-worker, worker, bee with propolis, and the bee with pollen. In these are shown the external and internal characters which distinguish each type. Also a model of a comb in the same propor- tion, in which are seen the cells for honey, for pollen, and for the eggs to produce queens, drones, and workers, with eggs, larvee, and pup in different stages of development. (After Auzoux.) THE EUROPEAN COCKCHAFER. Melolontha vulgaris Fab. Model of the perfect insect enlarged twelve times, showing the muscles, nerves, trachea, and viscera, each model separable into as many pieces as there are organs. More than 600 detailed objects are shown, each indicated by a corresponding number. FLUTED SCALE. Tcerya purchasi Mask. Model in wax of a twig of orange infested with the fluted scale (Leerya purchas?) copied directly from nature, the actual scales being transferred to the model plant. Illustrates the characteristic appear- ance of the infested plant. Mopet or NonINnFESTED OrANGE. ~The model in wax contrasts with the one representing the characteristic appearance of infested plant. Illustrations from the publications of the Division of Entomology, representing the different stages of the fluted scale and its principal enemies. 129 AUSTRALIAN LADYBIRD. Novius ( Vedalia) cardinalis Muls. (Principal ene:y of the fluted scale | /cerya purchas/\.) Enlarged model of the adult of this insect, the introduction of which from Australia has effected what was impossible by any other means— the practical annihilation of the fluted scale in California. Enlarged models showing structure and characteristic appearance of the larva and pupa. IMPORTED CURRANT WORM. Pleronus ventricosus Klug. This wax model of a currant branch illustrates the work of the imported currant worm. For extended exhibit of the insects affect- ing the currant see regular economic cases. PLUM CURCULIO. Conotrachelus nenuphar Hbst. The work of the plum curculio on the fruit of the plum, apple, pear, cherry, and peach is illustrated by models. For full details as to the work of this insect see exhibit in regular economic series. Young apples and pears, a twig of cherry and a branch of peach with ripening fruit, and twigs of plum with green and ripening fruit, illustrating the effects of punctures by the female curculio, are shown. THE ‘‘KISSING BUG.” Reduvius personatus Linn. Enlarged model of one of the group of true bugs, generally known as ‘‘assassin bugs,” which of late years have acquired a certain news- paper notoriety through their supposed preference for the human lips. They feed on other insects, which they pierce with their strong beaks; some species are frequently found in houses, attracted by light, and they may, if they believe themselves in danger, accidentally or in defense, pierce the human skin with their beaks, causing a painful wound, and often blood poisoning through the introduction of the germs of putrefaction. ORANGE RUST-MITE. Eriophyes ( Phytoptus) oleivorus Ashm. Wax models of oranges, showing work of the orange rust-mite. THE PARASITE CAUSING MALARIA (ASTIVO-AUTUMNAL FEVER). Plasmodium malariz. Twenty-nine enlarged models, illustrating the life history of this parasite in the blood of man and in the mosquito (Anopheles). The models exhibited show; Development of spores in the blood of _ 26528—No. 47—04-——9 130 man; development of *‘crescent” in the blood of man; development of “gamete” in stomach of mosquito; development and fertilization of “zygote” in stomach of mosquito; development of ‘‘zygote” in stomach wall of mosquito; ‘‘zygote” filled with ‘‘blasts” and ready to burst: free endospores, free blasts, and spermatozoa. 5 RIKER MOUNTS SHOWING LIFE HISTORIES OF INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. Hight-spotted Forester. | White-Marked Tussock Moth. Alypia octo-maculata Fab. Hemerocampa leucostigma 8. & A. Grapevine Hog Caterpillar. Lunate Looper. Ampelophaga myron Cram. Homoptera lunata Dru, Stigma Moth. Fall Webworm. Anisota stigma Fab. Hyphantria cunea Dru. - Spring Maple Worm. Fall Army Worm. Anisota rubicunda, Fab. Laphygma frugiperda 8, & A. Maple Dagger Moth. The Army Worm. Apatela americana Harr. Heliophila ( Leucania) unipuncta Haw, Io Moth. Apple Tent-Caterpillar. Automeris io Fab. Malacosoma americana Harr, Calleta Silkmoth. The Baltimore. Callosamia calleta Westw. Euphydryas pheton Dru, Prometheus Silkmoth. Parsnip Butterfly. Callosamia promethea Dru. Papilio polyxenes Fab. Chainspotted Geometer. Spice-Bush Swallowtail. Cingilia catenaria Cram. Papilio troilus Linn. Hickory Horned Devil. Cynthia Silkmoth. Citheronia regalis Fab. Philosamia cynthia Dru. Cranberry Spanworm. Semicolon Butterfly. Cleora pampinaria Guen. Polygonia interrogationis Fab, Yellow-Necked Caterpillar. Gipsy Moth. Datana ministra Dru. Porthetria dispar Linn. Roller Worm. Tobacco Worm. Eudamus proteus Linn. Phlegethontius quinquemaculata Haw. Brown-Tail Moth. Jorulla Silkmoth. Ewproctis chrysorrhea Linn. Rothschildia jorulla Westw. Large Beautiful Woodnymph. Orizaba Silkmoth. Euthisanotia grata Fab. Rothschildia orizaba Westw. Mourning Cloak. Polyphemus Silkmoth. Euvanessa antiopa Linn. Telea polyphemus Cram. Oak Tussock Caterpillar. The Bagworm. Halisidota maculata Harr. Thyridopteryx ephemerxformis Steph. Social Grape Caterpillar. Luna Moth. Harrisina americana Guér, Tropxa luna Linn, 131 ° ORTHOPTERA. Walking Stick. The Soothsayers or Rearhorses. Anisomorpha buprestoides Stol. (Chinese and American Species. ) Katydid. Microcentrum retinerve Burm. | Paratenodera sinensis Sauss. and Stag- momantis carolina Burm. COLEOPTERA. Asparagus Beetles. Elm Leaf Beetle. ’ Crioceris asparagi Linn, and C. duo- Galerucella luteola Mill. decimpunctata Linn. HEMIPTERA. SEVENTEEN- YEAR Locust. Tibicen septendecim Linn. SILKMOTHS. THE JAPANESE SILKMOTH. Antherxa yamamai Guér, Exurpir: Cocoon, adult, and figure. THE IO MOTH. Automeris io Fab. Exaurpir: Larva, cocoon, and adult. THE ANGULATED SILKMOTH. Callosamia angulifera W\k, Exurisir: Adult. THE PROMETHEUS SILKMOTH. Callosamia promethea Dru, Exutpir: Larva, cocoon, and adult. THE CYNTHIA SILKMOTH. Philosamia cynthia Dru, Exursir: Adult. THE GIANT INDIAN SILKWORM, Attacus atlas Linn, Exuipit: Adult. THE CECROPIA SILKMOTH. Samia cecropia Linn. Exutsit: Cocoon, adult, and figure. THE COLUMBIA SILKMOTH. Samia columbia Sm, Exuisir: Cocoon and adult. 182 THE PACIFIC-COAST SILKMOTH. Samia rubra Behr. Exurpir: Larva and adult. THE POLYPHEMUS SILKMOTH. Telea polyphemus Linn. Exuipir: Cocoon, adult, and figure. THE LUNA SILKMOTH. Tropa luna Linn, Exuipir: Larva, cocoon, and adult. MISCELLANEOUS EXHIBITS. SILKWORMS. The rearing of silkworms will be conducted on a small scale through- out the summer. Eggs will be kept in cold storage, so that all stages, from the egg to the full-grown larva spinning its cocoon, may be seen at any time during the season. LIVING INSECTS. By means of aquaria, vivaria, and other forms of insect cages living insects will be on exhibit, feeding on their natural food plants and under- going their usual transformations. Some of the more important economic species injuring cotton and apple will be reared on growing specimens of these plants. In the smaller aquaria may be seem stages of some of the species of mosqui- toes frequenting St. Louis and vicinity. There will also be exhibited one box illustrating the methods of mounting insects for shipment and for permanent preservation in col- lections; also numerous photographs showing spraying machinery, reeling of silk from cocoons, silk machinery, etc. INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. Page. Mbbotih (OLCOulOUB)-- cede. 2-s<- oc cannes ennk 45 abbotii (Sphecodina)....................--- 39 ee nS oceans cucuna = s.0=cee en 91 abdominalis (Coccinella) .............-.--- 18 abdominalis (Holeocephala) .........-..--- 48 Acanthia=Klinophilos ......./.----.2.----- 120 URATTEMET ICI RAN aos eos Se ae ee 53 CLIT) 5 2 eee aa eS ee 39 SD NE RS 3 See oe eae 100 (LLG SA eel Sia oe 23, 104 CLOT ee ee 45, 52, 58, 85, 89 LOS Lo Mee pe le eee a ae eee 44, 104 MGrOnUCLA—=A DATEL. 22sec = se e'scc nen 71, 107, 108 ROR esos on oa ns backs mie ame 25, 65 SRRIERRERIN a Senos nccic,clS oils Sivigink Sa ace oe alcec ss 90 0 cult 2 8 Be te a pee ee i Sree 112 RODD: « c cnn'ns > = = = Se, See Tei ans wASeS xe Ste 106 Peete ROO MGUIGUS, cuice mos mayne cownevoeses 98 cai LS VRE Se ea eee ne ee 55 Tatil SMA a ae 55, 101 21S ce ee ee ae eee 51, 63 ET eee ee ae ants 6 hom dace ane 109 RET soos osha As aint dae ata aussie 15 Irae oe a Ad acleleavns Votes aca5< se nwie 7 NRE EO aS id i oie ae cS AE air a 3 78 0 Oe Seer eee 110 OES re Se ee ae 43 EIN CEON Oe IU ie tect ann dudeoes 49 Con Sy Se SE Ea ae oa See 31, 108 PEPRIUL EEE Nate foe soe 2 ic awn be cms > 50, 101 EM AS SSE ee ee 96 oT vin s a Sa ts SRS a eee a 53, 81, 88 a a ee i ee ere 42 MERE CFS MVCM ) clalne's a weit aioe cs abcess wanes 26 PRC MIMCTODASIB) 2250-5 ccc acne cece ccaecs 93 Ee ee ani een bce dodsncas = ios cece 62 EOD a oe ae aad aoe ones a aa'e acre = 90 RII ee ete at Coan Kedah wilds cubabwane 28 RRDEIEeC PIS DALIT, Oe e's ac wav an wnw sed oancicance 42 SE TOTEM) cicrac cla e's onan ods ies wodes aban 28, 48 oS A A ea ar 10, 19, 67 RNR che do. atl oe ik Gb wic'el an wale Baca se lk 26 PRE EMNS E RTE ay a Alas See bs sae Spice ee ae 115 Maid Sales ech «cp baw eseh neue eeed 24, 36 DETERS Bitten 2 ths Gh w ex orl ae ee ene 115 PEER toe Wisc Riel sae held anus vue 104 OO) op S58 Sa eee eee 40, 180 STS Bol Sa a Sepa rs 18 PIU 2 Sah cn cap tke sncdeuane 123 MGTICAIIC CADRLOIG) a. oso 0scccssscvcceseuce 130 americana (Harrisina) ................ 40, 125, 130 americana (Malacosoma) .............- 24, 35, 130 americana (Meromyza) .................... 60, 65 americana (Periplaneta) ..................- 116 americanum (Amblyomma) ............... 128 e Page americanus (Schistocerca) ...........--- 43, 55, 61 americanus (Syrphus). <<... .2.----0s-.c-c0s 63 americanus: (Tabanus),<. <- rigs tees eee 9,181 Cacucia—ArCMiIps in s-c-e) ee eee eee eee eee 23, 69 CB Cha 2s sic nice os hae Sa aes Bee ee eee 13,18 CRSAL* hoe Asis Seales enc as ee ae cae See eee ae 118 CRSOMIB «<2 ceiccee ema stele--etec eee eee 72 cahiritella=Ephestia cautella...........---- 112 Calandra 2: sic 222. 22h Le eee eee 57, 115 Call eltramss..<. oc. cose ease ee Teer eee 118, 121 CaliGus scenes scan cnc. caeneoee oe eee ees 46 californica (Coccinella) ©. 222222222222 eseeee 18 ealifornica (Tetranychoides)......---...-.- 9 CalifOrmicus: S02... = a64= state oe eee 9 Caliginosus)..3-.5../ 5-0-5 ose eee eee 32, 92 COllOta se’. sere scents soe osah Seeeee Sees 130 Callids. 25. 20)s eects cos See eee 47 Callidtyis'. <2 aseseecc<;-/- eee eee eee 73 Callimorpha—Haploane 2s. .e- ae ese 29 Callipyee 2... Sacco ese eee ees 103 CallOsaMmihii, sence ee cece eee eee eee 130, 181 CalIOSUS: aisiesikactle heat eae ee eee eee 52 GaIlOCOLIS: sacnredt.ceits toe See ee oe ee ee 44, 107 CalOSOMIA =. occ ered a ee eee eee: eee tee 42 Calyiptuss..i2.0.8.4eteeaeiesaeee oa eee 107 Jam Dalla causccia: Ses sesecesiece eee eee 91 caminea=Cerotoma trifurcata .....-.--.---- 8&3 Gamma Seo see Sead oe = Scie cetera 62 CANDAGENSISE ie jacce cs 52S Sees eee 102 Canarsifs.cseecc see ses <22 pete eee ee eee 23 CANGid aN Asso. hese sec e alae seee Cee eee 19,37 CGanellusics = 30 Socks Soe 8 Bese ee 106 Camis: Joan eet tose wees see are eee eee 119, 122 Page. I POBOMEN US ACen ut = 44 baka nasae cosa an 25, 35, 130 WOLD a pec thee ie ela Se en eee 121 Ree TRC OI ie ae ah pin was Sina wa oho 21, 27,29 CURA ets ess an we waa aetna ways ee oid smnn'y wae 44, 64 G5 (eh 00 C6 FE ph ae See les a 9a ee 47 IIE Seo eas ea se glee es Teodeo) | coger NON NIOR: 9.6 2s acne 2 aden awew 120 Parnendes=EUSO0Ns ...cines 0s cena s0' eR De ri LO le GLOCHIS: cetacean akan np ew kere alee nee Sa 121 fenrolina (DIssosteira) ...220.-<----e-<--s00s G0; 70))| \Clneresy (INDICA) caanc a eeacea seem ness 56, 80, 93 carolina ( Protoparce) =Phiegethontius sexta 80,95 | cinerea (Piesma) ..........-.....----.------ 13 carolina (Stagmoniantis)......-.....-.--.- AP GU? |CMMCLOO IB tes wa tae elec ues ona decals e wine ean 85 BETOUMMGH POUNCE) sec ~~on--- 2-30 <2>>~< 7s WERT UD on ote be ata cw mcpict ste resche o' scart n Glee aatee’s 104, 130 TN NCR RD EES ol wns concn te wm cee cenns 26,128 | cingulata (Phlegethontius) ...............-. 94 Carpophilus 2c OE OPS Ee 11S; | cingulate (Rhiseoletis):....2.2-.ecassaceacn 30 I ane Bi Se gre nian cpocnemwaaes EU Ai} (CUMEIMEHITONMNIA ccses seicw ce cee venc=tbaas at 11,14 CoE GUS ap le Spa ed ae a Gacon mt CAUDEMOMAR se ldiriuc open amie en tae dea eel 130 cassideca=Chelymorpha argus ...........--- OST Clon (BROUNOGER) nb. cae cet ater atin ane ees eee 10,19 COPY ape 2 2 ee er TOS S150) lp Clint (GUIOBASDIN) = cncns wa. seen aae sean one 12,15 MEARE U NITE on aisha a alan einai ca'esc nn ome 104” | ‘Gturl (PSeudOCOCGCUs).--.=.0-.- c= .ee enone 10,13 OL EL USI N TTS Spa AS ae 112 | citricola (Mytilaspis) =Lepidosaphes beckii. 12,18 OOLDLPT EEE (11) Si aA on IDs es | MOUMUGESUNGs Jn. ceo ado sens p mnodemeee cae 53, 88 eropwiio—Callidryas 2-7-2. 2... se nes Tipe] fe EN ar ea ee PR A Bess me em 77 BR SRMUC EE Oe oe re Ac aa Sense ene LANE) CEN Cee Ee See aa pes ees om 10 RIPRUIISROOLE Ne ee eee Oe ses oe ce ace LES OGLE iien ec cacie ok ce areal tee cla wages eacleic 97, 104, 130 OTST LG a ogee a dl el lO a OlCOT a = OLNODIN: 7-0 - cece aa doe ecu se 70 cel NLC LUT aps ei en ea 30 | Clisiocampa=Malacosoma .....-........---- 24,35 RPMRIOING hae kee” cae fa ate ee = = Bas O80 7agboe Gane TUM lo. Sek oo ~ con cee sc cen ve veme cs dasEee 53, 59 Eemonnyii—DasyNeura ....-..25.2...002-~0 Tad | RCORSTIRLA hon sa cei aeten sone peck eporactees 42 CE CUINCISVE iis ce a ee OR a ae 26,181 | coccidivora (Dakruma) ...........:.....--. 18 OU 0S EY ed tea eo OO ep ak ae 67,78 | coccidivora (Hyperaspidius) ...............- 18 celeus (Protoparce)=Phlegethontius quin- COCOA a: 5. eek eres eee 18, 25, 48, 63, 92 (oy (sire) 22e.7 0 E00 pe re Se re Osun | COceCophaS Ns. 2- 2. 25. nanan t sn ees cum ene aaa 15 (ECAC) 1 ie Se ee pain Ne 78 | Coccotorus=Anthonomus...........--...--- 32 RPE SRINAL LT 25 Sea 9 oS ca Suniel aes Siw Sateen Se ULAR | OM Corer Chul: Meee pape ob SPeans eS pein er oe at = BN a ope 11,14 SEE et ee eg ce crane = Nos lto Speck leh cel: eee oe Sie ae eee mea Be = 69 cerasi=Eriocampoides limacina............ DIMI ROR MACON s = 250s initia ewes notes awed ie gems 15 COT a SI Re ee BOW COLARPIR! J tana tvicsechmasiciase acaanekalrs ca 40, 67,79 LIC HLT aca Si Be Sec eg ee eR AA GOLCO DEORE Tee cecncaccece cs SLA ERIC SS os on wale atin aan a a a eat le a 71, 81,95 Ob Lhe Le gd te pe eee a er ne ne WS UM fbfeley een es 1b. 121 (: pba Rae ep ao ar Ps 60 SME aware foe aps aS san tem coke cas 79,94 | communis (Melanotus)..................... 1 PT SEM cea 2 oe te oon in warner Gp, LOL | “communis, (MEGlLCOKUB). <<<.2. oo Se< covenants 28 (ILLES 6 Ge ico ae a et ene op AIRES PRU COM DUAILON aceadiey corush Joven sstekn as ueee 7 OTST pee Se aS i eg Ei pare ei BY? || Compsomerdse-.. 2... 2.0.5. cee tnswae swans 49 REE eres als 44. odo ace tee bin as etna 40 | Compsomyia=Chrysomyia ................ 119, 122 SRT ORINUE 9 os a 2 e a owed Paes SOS a Deen a A COUISCGRAR Ge 2 Oho wie kat Caweb 5 oaks Ouse dae 49 DEIIPRTERICHARILUITIG to fue Peck od sp suteecukes de Sop Eee OOO Ue Bea iaiu dw edtecwGuea en udnae diate 107, 109 SE MRPs es ace aaa = «ay era aap BBY GILL ERS 2 trian by see ne Ee Okan eee 72 ee alba tis ok ost evona dat cen ny es Bis | WOGHESLURIS 0 otc oak cup pS dn ma eee ee fee 102 SUING io es panne cckneess DB leilth, Atty tee keke ROORIROCLOLOLGC, << 75. fc ek a ebn dude redewns 9 ety. ts Sins cies auc Gasp aedec¥p BO) OCU ee wo See Es de aoe anno weapon se 4 MONRO DIA. coli scucnasvadcce ass Be 1G sees Sly Oth Lt MOLL ON Las cere ayaa wa Sa doh ade e's acne 114 MICO OH Ci atn ea cunkae iocc¥ laws Sancacnne ae OU OUE RUIN Aan woie ants sc dee 2 Susenvtescns 44 Oe tis cceiiccncsacuesencessdens a Ce eee nee i aaa 119 MET RE tetas Wenig eis oa oinia » ae wip «ssa. nee OG, 10) | CGONOGIARDGIUE ve euthie nc ceeccess sssexnes 27, 82,129 HTVEODOUNTIS ....2..-..... eo echocass June UP eR ee ewe ce Ge cca eens oasar seers’ 26, 28 EE Ge See adc Gen ane cowed i) FCORMINE aoe ahean cuss auh oe dagdrcnewodcn 78 ALS. a EG, Oa a erage 12, D7, 20 |) GOMER IMCS cece wen os dwelsd cat ss sseden sy asas 18 RC OMTOME kee itc os dedeRded dace anevevas 119, 122 | CONVETBENS .....- 2... 0. - eee verse eee eee 18, 25, 92 Cl ee, SS ee 1D SOs 0 WL aac kid cups ccnnsnatas'se ce oss ean cee 69 DisonyCha. 2. s. sce s oe hoe ee eee 79 dispar (Porthepria)ie=ss-os22s5-ss— eee 25, 36, 130 | dispar —Xvyleborus pyti- =... 22---ce-=aeee 20, 31 | Gissimilaria. =. 2S. 2.02 o=cuseens se eee 70 Dissostelra 2 22 Su a2 ash. 2 ee ee een 60, 75 Gistaris. 22222. 2i2 soe e ata ces ooo SeSeeR eee 8 Givinetoria ie. io\.. asst Aes ene eee eee eee 115 domestics) (Lepisma) <- <5... -.22--.--- seme 115 domestica ((Miusta\igteses. oes eee 119, 124 domesticus (Gryllus) 2222222 22-222 -e eee 116 Dolerus:..\.(. css Os ssAetastecepenee hese sees 64 GOMItI ass oo cess sees fee ee ee eee 47 orsalis:... 2 ...c. 8c ae ses sac aoe e eee 84 Doryphora=Leptinotarsa..........-..------ 92 Drasterig.s..25<2sosne-5s0¢ oo oeae oe eee 58, 70 Drosophila.2 <4 Se cceeee eee ceo eee 117, 118 duodecempunctata (Crioceris) ....-----.--- 97,131 duodecempunctata (Diabrotica) .........-- 51, 67, 78, 84, 97, 99 DYSAErCust Fas Sch oe seine iterctolo nicotene 10, 42 | BChoOGGrus = += saseeseces-c = cs oeiee eee 115 Mepantherts 2 2cs. see occa see eee 45 Hetobid=—Bilatella= sees. 52s 222s soe eee 116 ECtropis ss. t22+2scssssccscs eee ese ee eee 70 edithay ss... -c25-2.btjecisccesc= ose ate eee 72 CMNUSO se xe. oscetaet tvs he oe ne cee eee 58 Hlaphidion:s co. see sacee es a eee 8, 20 Blasmopalpus: i=: -22--c-ces ose s-eee eee 54, 83 ClectusS: a2 52. sce cee ss ccissesse= ee eee ees 123 | elongata (Oripoda)|=. 2220-225. ease oon 27 elongata’ (Systema) =:.2.- 22.2 ac---62 ese 46 elongatusesct i. 3t2- Baton see pce eee eee 92 Rmblethisssact = states hose eee eee eee 77 Hmphy tus 225.26. seaiees. ccc eee eee 102 Emprena—=Sibine!.«-)sos2--esss-= =e 8,52. Bnarmonis...p--s esse: ssn ee ee 74 FLDMOMOS:. os as.enincen ane = Seem eee ee Sees 24 1D} al bi ee OR RE PABA mers orn MAR SSS 45 Entomoscelisis-:6 s-ceeces ne eee cee eee 90 WPA PORE fk hse manta cle cce oceisiseae see sakeeeatane 69, 98 ephemerseiormiss. --senossecie se ae sees 8, 25, 36, 130 Ip CSU als secs ne eee eee cree eee 111, 112 Ephestia.. (‘See Plodia)eos2t. oS oc cmc eacs 112 HPIGRLUSis es cece sees seme isaac eee 26, 67, 78, 84 Epi Gaitaieseescsasce as << ces aiatereiale 56, 80, 938, 94 Bipilachin aioe secre note seen ee aetna cisinleeieretetee 84, 99 EIpItPA SSE een sce =a ne ia ee 8 Epitrixwess. S22: oh dees tees 46, 79, 82, 89, 94, 99 EPIZOUIS. oes = 3 on se sce eee eee 55 31 | 137 Page, LLANE a TT ES So A 2a a eae 56, 69 CUE Sa, Be Pe 68 TWA Ge ieee esac en et a olen dn saay o OA Pavines: (Happelated))cn...o<.2.2s-< ance ete 118 flavipes (Leucotermes) ................... 103, 116 MGIC ATI, Se et ee By Sn net Ss MOMIGEDAS bot easy eee ant eo wwe k occ 11,14 pl Oo | tae = a Ren aoe 16, 21, 32, 33 RONUGDA odo ato ots tence eee Pe Sees 2 116 ROT MOCRILUS etna. SA eo AO ee eo oe 94 jug ef: eS ee eee tae ee a ae eee SS 106 Lis ea gn oe 2 I OO ie SO 100 iS Bly ee a es a a ry a Pe 75 ALI eICHres as ante in eames ce nek Bees tear 59 AE TUOUCO Bis mete. aoe eee ts nace o Se 106 Nisa 0) nbs eee ee See Sen eee Pe ek See 28, 48, 75 irogeiperdas. 2 .. 2, 58, 59, 60, 62, 69, 76, 88, 130 1 IPE Neng AS en oe Op te oe ae a 7,102 TERI UGH Re cto eS on te ere oa oe Sapa eee 113 iter.) 01 aT CR Saas a eee Se See ee Sa 61, 74 1 be C5 31 pee ee ee ey eee en en De I 40 1 a ers ESR pee 114 TUNCHUN © Reese dan. ae cine hes ont Joanne 118 RUNDE ep fe ee Soe eons 15, 22, 31,33 RISCD Meee sere Aon ch ta ce net cee 50,59, 79 EHECIC Eanes ioc e ee NP a nisin SeW Nee 49 SONCIN te ae er eY Le hy See ent 46, 89, 94 PCN UES 0 eee ee et een Was i AU nce 10, 78, 109 PRICE ete oes nonce oe ah cet year ease 47 WARGrUucell as cc 5 2.5 ceueebe eee eeeoes 30,131 (Gantrop MIOBs 5 octa boas 96 TRIS ORUEE Coc peas cccecseescccces 60, 69, 76, 77, 87, 102 RAMAN aia 8s 6 oe oe an tae cen eek atne 118 OVO pl SOAS 2 oo ae 42 ERIE ord So ha kay Seapine eee we iodine d 130, 182 MIME Sate fico keine sou Sene seis Cente ehs cw cuaeu 130 TOS Ae Beaks. Pa a a ae ene 131 BIN GROSS 5 oy Sucka sen cun shee cteiinse 7 NOLL! 2A Se 68, 77, 89 TRUE ta cane CG aw as vis oe ches esos 49, 63 EE RNSIUS ai. ache ssh sie oes eee eae 119, 122 MEUM cocoons ach ssactedeeceaees 68, 79, 83, 93 PPOMUEULUNE + ic veal yw KaunnncaeMsnkay ictus 56 Macrosilia=Phlegethontius ................ 94 PORORIIUI ha uete s o'er 2 ac de ce dius oame ae 63, 73 Mmncuiate (Kplcauta) . ... 60. s..scssceoweence 80, 94 maculata (Halisidota).............c. aadenewe cass ape 58,71 oo eC Ce er Dene ee ee ae 121 nebulosus=Diastrophus turgidus............ 108 nebulosus (Graphops)..............----+-+- 106 Page. Page. nebulosus (Sphragistieus) ............-2..-- ian Ornithogallivss sce scan eee eee eee eee 43 INCCrODIR. See tae soe cetcnin ce basen ace ae 117 | OLY 28: si asada eds soso nan Sees toe nee ee 57 Nematus=Pteronus, Pachynematus. oryzeellus=Chilo pleywanitee o Saoaceeen eee 57 IN CNM OUAIIN Fes oon stn annie aaa 44051) Oscinis:< . yea eons seme che oe oat eee ene 65 ODM MA a art wage oo es ee eases 21,2290) \OSCINIS=SCapLOMY Za sess =o eee see eee 91 INGWRELOGCS-19..).72 oh ose cca toe ee sees S25 | MOStreselOrmis. <6 .- sees eee eee - 16, 22, 34 NET aASPICIOLUS NCGCTO soe eae sie 12,17 | Otiorhynchus .\.25.\--s.2 ses ee eee eee 105 ING Aalto Jon Ste cite eee abe tain nectenistoate 10; O24) OV altarsc. .eo actos cesec anche Seer eRe 28 iiVOET WRENS Sep aye pee Meee ees: kts A, 73M OVEGUS «see. see cee ee eee ee 107, 108 OLETHMGULES eee) Cee eee eee 73,102))|permundugscte Seek ene ecco tere eee 47 OncoOpnAthuUsyn css: : icac . sacs cone eee 60; |perniciosust=-2se-ee eee eee 17, 21, 30, 33, 110, 127 (Orekcloy oats} (oj th a WA RAMA AAR ARR AAA AT aes AY APOTSLC881.s1 acs poe eee ce eee eRe ees 30, 32 POL UL BIS peter tare teeta ratte ore loro Pat foal oratories 8 spersicse-nigeric. ioe eset moon eee eee 35 Opercule lila matter caccane once <= naareeee 82,92 | personatus.........2..-0-++ +++ 2-22 eee eee es 129 (Opava) Peso Oe AeA Ao case Coa DB BOONeRaSone akc = 49,77 | DPETUNAX.'-\- 8a w cee eee eee 51 OPPOSIGUS I eat eee ele riale a ora ie tetera Loi ag 0G =| 0) 0 tes RA Oe a oes Sins Si de 130 @YCHESTCS aah eee erate erste te. o-= 10 (a's) eave sineets 26 | PHANUTUSts=ny eee cee coe ek en eee 121 Orgyia=Hemerocampaes 2-3 2---------< D4t98 || pharaOnisy.;eemaeeees eee ee ee eee 117 orientalis: 22.2. --ne- ce oesete ees ess acinceeee 116 | Pharaxonguhac sc. 22.2 22 eae eee ee 113 Oripoda oes a sc seo eee tet eee eens 27. \jphiladelphiea,2 25-8 .2)- +t t= eee eee eee 48 OLIZAD BD. /. So nee Oe Sate ae ane tare 130 | Phitampelis—Pholus-- 2. ase eee eames ee 39 Ormithodoros:: . 26 eee oo eee 123°) philodice..,: 22::2:-cs.--ss-ceeeee see eeeeeee 72 ] b > ' i 141 Page. Page. VUNG foo 1 edd aA ge eS DBO; DL |, DrBvensin (Liyeus)s 202.2. coe c ccnccdccces 68, 77,89 PT IORRUMOUUIUB 145. p's a. ccce san eee aee antes 9,104,131 RAS Ol Obs s soon cic cclac ciate seiioss bare see ae oe 27,30 rhexix (Heliothis)—Chloridea virescens. .- - 81 Fuhopalosiphumiser sseseceseeseeeee eee eee 103 IRynChIitess jchiececkc oe anes cate see See 102 TIDCATIO veces ect e= cee stan ee ece eet eee 110 ribesii=Pteronus ventricosus ..........--- 111, 129 TICUNUG a ete ee cieemactice cacienes cee ea ences 123 TIM OSA]IS!S cochas ess feces shea cess aoe eos 89 TOSHG CATA veroarra slereislelalstesieiatieietereai-toreinrainels late 23, 69 MOSe2) GCAWIACASPIS)) cepicisivic vieteietiele ste Sabensboe 15, 34 TOS (Pal eOCOCCUS) i aeer see cee reas 103 TOSS CRS) 75. ciate meine cee seller eee pete seiee ae LOO) TOSCOSUMUSE] Aero eee sencears og upipdsbaose 69 YOStraNg soneeee see os -joniobocoooseoage Dae eeneeeKOF LO: ROtHschildian yecercccecerr- SDS CORRE ACORS Res 130 TUDL Sssctee2 Welle oie oie ricinle aren lelntay olen etetets 108 NE DLCUTC eee eeeeeie Bigiistslatgetereslp ase ESE Se 130 rubigalis=Phlycteniaferrugalis.......... 100, 102 TUDISINOSUS. << scissicjc tesa ce se Saat ane eee 42,49 PUPA tice ise ste. sesiek soooraceineabesse 132 NU COMISU: Boo" Fe ctentone cohen saceceeoe on eoee 108 PU MIUB TUS Sao es maiceinsicinw inte = sicietsocinemienstes 86 TUnpes!(Crepidodera)) 2... asec see e ee 26 MM pPess CNECLODIA) peseccis-aateicie=eele meee 117 WUTC CDS Aare sawiatsens piidactecicaee ceciise siete 57 WU OSS 2 oie rorevernrnd xe cievayaiaieresate sleisiciste: seis 20, 29, 31, 37 VLU AN Se eit acacia emnicee Aesee aa-heee cere 106 puecharalismec sta scrtcc sete ceee eee nea 54, 57 BEC CHARIS nen ed seats eo een eee meen Gisaiicicte 57 BaIssetia eee aaccsecicoe cee tare ane 11, 14, 15, 22 Bamiago oat Se occ se sete Soe cenees eee ae 26, 131, 132 Samia=Callosamia, Philosamia. BAP UIN CH Oe (fs St eee cee 18, 25, 48, 68, 92 SANPUINOlENta - cc 2s cemecteics eae nee meee 78 BAN PUlsugarcs: Fe. 2s. Mages sea eee eee 119 Sannina—Sanninoidea ...........-----..cee 29, 36 PATMIN OL Cae seis cance siete aces aeeee 29, 36 Saperdaimecrearcictcccc2:)sk dole eee eee 19, 37 BAU CIMITORMUS ser see cots csyoce pees ee Seen 98 SAUCIA est creme cieen cae ieials ces 53, 60, 66, 71, 76, 81, 88 SAK CSO iacatejecicspela si eysitiere cid cad, s.2 cane menieoser 20 SAY lccisn aaa daelet ace te Seen eles. slog cen ae oes 42 SCADA s coe oe erates Se ese Sinle oie sisioisios ttle eae 70 SCalarige tres cate eee teelee cchoiins esse eeee 123 SCANGENSE hone corre seen set enaeer 25 SCAPHA.- hacec sce ce seme ens wee esc Scapteriscus:.....dc.cccmeusesestios saceclspieeeee 91 Scaptomy Za... ce scsea = sememaenles neteceteioe eerie 91 DCALILGSs vcsecciee ewisjeplewieisemememeematme sees . 47 Page Scatophaga........ Eola rice = alert cea oyna 118 Schistocered:.2-.s2es206 56 Peer. wo eeaaee 43, 55, 61 SehizoteLus st .- sexo s= 232 Sasso eesti eee eee 94 Schizoneéira --...2s2.5-2- sil Seetee ane pees 19,34 Sciaptéron=Memythrus ...........-..2.2-0. 38 SeTSn as a7 srerctoe cinta See eee eae 102 Scolopsicsc-susecessasniones ese ee eee 45 SCO MiSs Jones.) o atone eee eee 20, 29, 31, 37 scribonia=Ecpantheria deflorata........... 45 SCrOPHUWATIG A: 5.0 cee s seen oe ene Cee 17 SCrutator)- 3 -2ce5--25eeok eee cews See 42 SCUdderI a) a) sSancecect tocee ae ene eee 105 sculptilis. See Sphenophorus zew .......--.- 51 Scutigera).y2.- sc ost oo eee he ce eee ee 115 SCyWNUS). Shoo nse. Se ces ace see ee ee 18 Semiasiar. ass Soeteeceseot wees eee eee eee 87 S€ntaN AF a ts 118, 121 striatus (see Thrips tabaci) .......... eae 101 PrIERU MSRM Ree Ne coca wetin tadcwsscceces caer 32 cies [ESRD TIT ee SS eee ae ae a 115 SOI CDSS ee eee 53, 85, 88 ERC R58 home a 2 2's andr os n a eens sie 88 BRR MIUIU Net han Sees tone seh Sade ana cae sets 24 PEM ROM US fon moo nio5 oan cna ac ens~cubieeders 56 BUIEEEPEUOUIN a ein nea aa nisin 0,2 Sains ae aininwnn en 47 CL ie 2 aS A ee 45 CL Uh DU IS Ae ee eee 69,98 SERENE, w ateleae ale aa ce suite foisicitcu ae 110 RPI SINGHME 2 ois. 5 Hho ha xe twp ec eusnnaes 112 cE HG eR I Ee oe ee eee a 10, 42 CUR US i, SES eee eee oe 109 SATO a, ae ee ae ee 26 PUT IOA LGU tooo oe on cits Se eae eds 49 POOR PIER a ot ew at cw = EROS ek ACE Ee 63 SPREE CMe eh eG k.os dp occ ec nc'sicee~ nev ys 46, 79, 84 MMOS Sy un dotevekeewvvssossecccus 82,101 (iy CNC fs (ote 121 US OVE) ees oe ae eee 121 SRO MBER ons Faun Sk wom as anes noe bw ee 38, 62 MRE RAS isd pe Ok Aenea ese oe oc 84 MAUL ee atte av diame saa merssnsisn dene 117 RUE a ooo a ohio de a oo ema ste am cise eleinin' dn 113 UNS oak ASE? ee pe 130, 132 SRI ete ise eae eh uc eco nino pac pbs 26, 66 ERC gis RES ans ie. d ano wipe a eee 113 SOMONE insta ook who S coins ao ne's’eaw nucle 113 Tenodera=Paratenodera ...........--..--.-- 131 Fn OE ae ee en a ee 9, 0 NCL OU Sore poe eae ee 23,104 Zerigs= Eurema .......----. Sit Rae Te ee 73 Termes=Leucotermes ...............----- 103, 116 MEIION: Cg spi 9sus v's s=sisicss ashicgue aayeae 49, 63 PE MECN de wie wk aio an dee Ks wen oa 83, 114 CR d Sao cc weseGe dorenbesncaeunnen® 47, 92 PPG REHET ON OCH ise au yuinbec cbs dese ackuvaces 9 SAISON foe on ewan d op api ad tu lakee pe 9, 103 RRM cu yray nyo sees a'alys Wedges aetamrs 44 terana=Cassida pallidula,.................. 92 texana (Helluomorpha)...................- 47 SE OS av wc arid uibabeeracek ts ps 105 SER FER TERS Piles Aegan ssp'ane onus barn 42 OL OON GON) ee ee 86 ER Cea a eee cae i a tna ashame mnb a vdlv's 8 EE Gh oats vaesahencupeidawese 48 Un RA oe Se ee, - 72 SOME ra Rt rec idnuecin oan ac 67, 82, 101 PUT EUGmASDTOCOGING « «6c nue uucconanccesecss 39 BROOD AINE Said. easton es dwanaeé 8, 25, 36, 130 fibiator (Calyptus) ..,.-,--.0-sseseeeeee vvse 107 143 Page, EMMALON CORINNCPLG) a. .itas ci. deccnsscce ces 77 ATIC VOLT oe Eas 9 ne ee ee 21, 27, 29, 131 MALIRIU en ee te te cs cce dt vsadubs acc save 24 TELS ate eee a eee ee Co hy 111,117 Tinca=Trichophaga, Tineola. Hho AR ey ee Ot ee 117 UPA sce tab Cesar bas ewe atm ane aaa seeae ade 60 MIOITORIUIS (otc oe tau ww an siendnca wera sas cenees 110 WMRCDOVIA, to rue Sitadunsemba de aa a smrap ene een Se a SBSEL OL OOGNG 22 haaston awa cenany canta nes cia tAe'os 22,36 tomentosus (Mpliragus)) 2 .<: Gb bol: eR ere eres ie cio ori mie 27 «ylina ( Aletia)=Alabama argillacea.....--- 42 SROVAO CTS: caveba tevin occu uw ow ee nh est 128 RECE Ati O WORM ion deweercuucetwaehenni eens 76 RSE oe espe Ad ss seat fect ha te oc 76 JEAD PORN YG ene owut ter ekbsanscecaus 75 Beetle. (See under Ambrosia, Asparagus, Bark, Blister, Cucumber, Flea, Flower, Grain, Pine, Leaf, Pota- to, Spider, and Tortoise beetles.) TAGE 2005. ondy soe nub bcp ann teas 116, 120 GADIN Obie orc wanna chan cweeu ies ice 113 Carpet) DIRK dssean twee caun weedeat 118 COPTOG i sew k tn cee b as bee Ghen occas 100 CUAMTOUG os svn aehai cee sae deat s « 83,114 CUE MEO eacuUstuwsnevatocebivende 83, 114 PUY [. Onks ee e See e ee eree 131 Hower, Calsornia. . 6... snsccsescane 1038 TOE e als we uc ons deel MeN eR 117 MO Vrdbet dncdesewenkivesunysdage 50, 59, 79 CUM RETRNA ID on weve lin 6. te ao weal 90 ee a ee eer ee ere 45,113 snout, imbricated ........... 26, 67, 78, 84 SUROECONGC 20:00 5p lov s cass cnwnccenue 57 145 146 Page. Beetle, tiger, Carolina....---.-.-.-----.---- 47 Bill-pug; blue-erassseee. ace. ase eee =e eee 51,59 callousedi. shececceoceces eal an A 52 Cla v-COLOLGG) see seem etal = asta =a 51, 638 GOLD SOLU eID nasser eee 51 PETIACIOUS =e = occ ae rc aoeocas 51 Black aphis of violet. (See Violet.) beetle. (See Cockroach.) blister beetle. (See Blister beetle.) bordered yellow. (See Butterfly.) carpet beetle. (See Carpet-beetle.) cutworm, (See Cutworm.) gadfly. (See Gadfly.) gooseberry borer. (See Gooseberry.) legged tortoise-beetle. (See Tor- toise beetle. ) Oe) peach-aphis. (See Aphis.) scale. (See Scale.) , striped, ear-fly. (See Ear-fly.) gad-fly. (See Gad-fly.) Blackberry gall-maker...-..-.---.......--- 108 Blister-beetle, ash-gray.-......------- 68, 79, 83, 93 blaeke. c sscassesset ase 50, 80, 93 GON ee apes ea socunenesoadacce 93 Mate eds ee cease ee eee 56, 80, 93 INUWGtAUIS se eee mere oeeiocter 63. 80, 83 Spotted een aseeseee cease 80, 94 Sinipedis wae -ec-oseeeeaa ate 56, 80, 93 White sas .actie ee Pe cnigcccees eos 93 TOMI AH OS he- Cage eaacnoddcouclcacecsDe 31, 37 Blood-red ladybird. (See Ladybird.) Sucking: CONE=MOSC==-6 see eee eee 119 Blue-grass bill-bug. (See Bill-bug.) spangled peach-moth .....-.-....--.- 29 Body louse. (See Louse.) Bopus potatobectle:-ces-5--- seer eee ee 93 Boll, cotton, cutworm. (See Cotton.) weevil. (See Cotton.) worm. (See Cotton.) BOOK 1OUSE S222 2es 2. foes teak nese ascent 116 Borer. (See under Apple tree, Cane, Clover, Corn, Currant, Gooseberry, Grain, Grape, Peach, Raspberry, Squash-vine, Stalk, Stem, Strawberry, Sugar-cane, Sweet potato.) BoOt-fly shorse ses ceae see Sees =e sera cles = ate 121 Me@xiGan sist caceiscceemietsaaeeseee 121 SHEEP -. oo -acie coca e's seeeeniccectaetes 122 BOE O30 5, sis.n.o 2st held wteaela Saas Sees eewee wees 122 Broad-horned flour-beetle. (See Flour- beetle.) nosed grain weevil. (See Weevil.) Bronzed cutworm. (See Cutworm.) Brown aphis of violets. (See Violet.) dung fly. (See Fly.) fruit chafer. (See Fruit.) leaf-hopper. (See Leaf.) spider beetle. (See Spider beetle.) tail moth. (See Moth.) Bud moth, eye-spotted...-..-.-...-.ses--- 22, 36 | Worm; falseexet tcc tcsscexis ssp acesee ces IROSCeere ees eeeese see cececee aes 102 MoOpacCOteeeeesee sce cones 81 Bucculatrix. (See Apple tree.) ° Buffalo. (See Gnat, Tree hopper. ) “Buffalo-moth.’’ (See Carpet-beetle. ) Page. Bug. (See Bill-bug, Plant-bug, Squash bug. ) buffalo:.. -2sdcoaatsees snes eee 117 Chin cGhnscste2t eco eee 55, 63, 77, 127 clouded pig weed!>.-..---eee- seco eee 77 CrOtON <-.5s2cssmecencese = ease eee eee 116 false chinehjesst 2 bee. eee eee 78 harlequin ‘cabbage: =). ss-eeeeeeeeee 89 kissing. oo.5- ec cness sone eee 129 Mego ssc sec teen 10, 11,13 MAUaATY) S55 .cc-5. cee yee eee 77 meero; littlevn:. |..1sce.-ee eee eee 101 purslaneiac sh .s-ss ee cece cee eee 77 MOG (CDYSAerCUs) me == a eee eee 10, 42 red! (Leptus) oo. cc eee eee 120 sandy ground... se sae eeeee oes 77 Wihheellcucus Lele an. Soeee pee eee 47 Butterfly, American copper............-.-- 72 Baltimore esos cece 130 black-bordered yellow. ....-...-- 72 cabbage: largvec-+=--- eae eee 87 cloudiessisulphur 2222 -seeseseeee 72 COMMAy .22--- --- -eeeeeee 89 buttertly, large-s2------ eee S7 CUICUIIOS=2 52 s2eee nee eee 91 flea-beetle, western............--. 90 loOpeL. = 3s.-c Sete es eee eae 71, 77, 82, 89 leaf-miner, imported ............- 91 MAPFOt n=. . ce ose pane ee eee 91 plamt-louse 3222 --o-semeesceeen eer 91 webworm, imported.........--..- 91 worm, cross-striped..........-.-.. 89 imported =. c= 5- OS oe 121 CNDUT ES 3 Se ache he ate A Re ae eer 118 PKCrement, HNIMING 6.5. .cocncewcc~ ns 118 og hn) 490) Cee gl oan Sen SO eS es 118 ECU AAS UROL) eves sans cwe~ na ode aman 122 PERRIN ee ee enc osane 65, 124 COILYRy2 LEIS pyc A a a ee 118 ICSI Ns eam iclaeinhin ee ss Jane oe = a 122 LOLS Sete eae See Petes eee Rae tmee 119, 124 Lh rile ess Re ea a ne a 118 TELL | Satay by ie ihe tlc Nine ee ee nae 101 WO DGE cee ctuh cock asccecaeescascucsnaas a 48 OUTS N CE) SE) or om BR Aaa Ne 119, 122 INTL SS wee 3 RR Ss ae AP ere 118, 121 CUTTS sine i a Sa Se ee 117, 118 hanna Le en ee a ete ee a 122 RSE eee te cn ace oe 10,19 FOGLE TESS (BPE AS ye pel 55 Folder, Chapin’s apple léaf...............-- 23 jad 0} 2A gael Eee De ae Aes eae 40 Forbes scale (cherry scale) ..........- 16, 21, 32, 33 Foreign grain-beetle. (See Grain beetle.) Forester, eight-spotted.................-..-. 40, 130 Four-lined leaf bug. (See Leaf bug.) marked leaf-beetle. (See Leaf-beetle.) spotted bean-weevil. (See Bean.) ere AMNCMCAN 2.02. ~cnepnkeastcces~cecs 65 mrtry Gheater. DYOWIL..-->oaas~o5cces-s---5-s 26, 56 CANE LEO 0D Ye ace Rita 2 gap Se Be eS a 29 LENE Yo 2 ay Lee a ae epee 27 CAEN pe awicce ana. conan 30 PRPS OMAM PGS. casein rac asaetacena ss 9 RPI MENTS oe oo Se Baan waial= «om caren 41 BIRee DATE DOCUGY cle ciea ona sce we ean 20 MONI OLA Melly... -- 2... s+ caso sees 105 BECOME Non sr ataneneastocce sys 27 OOKGROITY -5 =~ oe des sees one ne = 111 Fuller's rose-beetle. (See Rose.) MIRED AIBIICRIL scons eee 100 mining: locust-bectle 2225-2. -s-aeeee 84 MOtCHeLr Oran eels oes eae eS 8 Dal pPUSTeNICkCt/oessaecs see eee e eee 43 Peromiy a Deel ie san-o-eeeaeee ese eee 75 roller; oblique-banded -.:-..-------5--: 23, 69 OLAN Le aass- Doge bese eee 8 raspberny, S20 ase eee eee 107, 108 red-banded22e. sees eee 68, 98 straw Derry sat oe ee seen 107, 109 sewer, Chapin’siapple <. - ==> -3253-225=— 23 skeletonizer, apple —-2.2.-222-5---ceee= 23 tyer; ereenhouse=--- 2. - 2 eee ee ae 100, 102 weevil, clover...-=-=--.-s-- ioe acetate 67 Leather-colored locust. (See Locust.) IPR eg aeoreriet sepoer se=SeoosaeS =o: 60 Hemon!silivenimiteeer sass seene= eee 9 Lentil weevil. (See Weevil.) Leopard moth, great. (See Moth.) Lesser locust. (See Locust.) wheat-straw maggot. (See Wheat.) Lima-bean stem-borer. (See Bean.) Lime-tree winter-moth. (See Moth.) Linden seale. (See Scale.) Little black ant. (See Ant.) green tortoise beetle. beetle.) house fly. (See Fly.) negro-bug. (See Negro-bug.) red ant. (See Ant.) sulphur. (Sce Butterfly.) Livid wireworm. (See Wireworm.) (See Tortoise Locust. (See Cicada, 17-year locust.) AMETICAM -2ohe=- == eee eee 43, 55, 61 beetle, leaf-mining.-.-......-.<... 84 Carolinass7s2. 52055262 oce ee eee 60, 75 clear-wingedee.33. 5-5-2 eseee aes 62 cone-headedite.. eee ee 4d Gifferentiale es. sae Soe D4, 61, 74, 75 leather-colored))-2-<2- 3-22 ese 104 TCO =16 9 9COse seas = cialetowe acl 54, 62, 74, 75, 96 Rocky Mountain.....-..-- 55, 61, 62, 74, 75 two-striped........--- 54, 61, 73, 75, 96, 104 Lone-star tick. (See Tick.) Mexican bean-weevil. Page. Long-nosed ox-louse. (See Louse.) scale. (See Scale.) spined mealy-bug. (See Mealy-bug.) Looper. (See Cabbage, Celery, Cranberry. ) SIU ote as nam seein ois cis Sas :aelage wn 130 Louse, (See under Aphis, Grain-louse, Plant- louse. ) ROMER ct ae ciceta aicleln Smee aaaare’ = 120 MRR a Oe nay aoe ace nin giea esa 116 Ci CE ee eee. ota es mere 123 CUCL els Miele Bee By ee Sees aay a 120 REA ee cn es eens Nani we clone e 120 Veer (a Cy ee ee ee 122 CRONE NOBDOa2o02 5 or cnce san web 122 BU OTGHORDO soc 25ces nis een neices 122 LETT SOR = oo RE eo ee 123 Lubber grasshopper. (See Grasshopper. ) Luna silkmoth. (See Silkmoth.) Lunate looper. (See Looper.) Maggot. (SeeApple, Cabbage, Cherry, Corn, Sheep, and Wheat. ) Malaria mosquito. (See Mosquito.) LSS E26 1X0) 4 ne 130 TOA 0 bs) eee ee eee ee 130 Margined blister-beetle. (See Blister-beetle. ) leaf-chafer. (See Leaf-chafer.) I OLS pe a ey cE ea alr o eels wie bran 50, 59,79 GIRLENGOW Ss Jo. ho sins ee woken fs 2 59, 84 Meadow worm. Meal sap-beetle. (See Worm.) (See Sap-beetle. ) snout-moth. (See Snout-moth.) MIRON TS CLT 2 ana Sk ware mwa wis Cicine 113 WENO casino sauteed aR ceca e 114 Mealy-bug, destructive:....-...-..<.......- 10, 13 UNC 2 OC a ee 11,13 PC WEE NY) | rasa ae wpa matl a sles ss 10,19 Mediterranean flour-moth. (See Flour.) Melancholy sap chafer. (See Sap chafer.) Melon caterpillar. (See Caterpillar. ) Merchant grain-beetle. (See Grain.) (See Bean.) botfly. (See Botfly.) eotton-boll weevil. Military bug. (See Bug.) PENCE STII OOL 0 cto onan ae gauicus ire smh v 91 (See Cotton.) | Northern cloudy-wing. Miner. (See Asparagus and Leaf-miner.) Midge, clover-flower. (See Clover. ) clover-leaf. (See Clover.) UM ACEe Na Sache fs nan er sce. ass 102 Mite. (See Clover, Orange, Pear.) SOMRISTE® SNUIR Ute nares wb cwiee Vena =e aoe 9 SERA LIB RONy airwlonde tomate xs oso wee Ses 31, 37 Mole-cricket, northern ..................... 9 SHOrE- WiInREd.<..5. 244258605. 91 Morning-glory leaf-cutter. (See Leaf-cutter.) ICI fn a an wel as kambiuctandwess 119 TRUE ett Ben a's ce chan aw ods & 118, 124 | UAL en, | Page. Squash-bug, vine borer...............-...-- 98 Stable fly. (See Fly.) Stainer, cotton. (See Cotton.) Stalk-borer).\jaceaseecc sles calos sackionee 54, 62, 92, 95 COM sees see eee 56, 69 sulphur-colored <2. 2.2.2 2-2 eeeeee 69, 98 Tree borer, flat-headed. (See Apple,Orange. ) peach. (See Peach.) cricket, snowy. (See Cricket.) hopper; buffalo2 cc. ss. o. 2-80. oe eee 20, 35 Six-spotted!. 2-2. s etna ees eee 44 Triangular flea-beetle. (See Flea-beetle.) Trumpet-gall, grape-vine ........-2-..0---- 124 Tuber worm. (See Potato.) Turkey gnat. (See Gnat.) Turnip-beetle, red......i: 2-22 5-2 ~okaee sees 90 Tussock-caterpillar, Oak et Fr ate OW ty be 7 s ow Fe ‘ . reste Erewe < Teh Ore Rite aie y * Poe kT . r * VF . a a Rem bye Pe A = i : ie i res A OR Stoke eae ass ye ae ve atta er FR ® ; ; . aK : mp linge nyse ts de wer | “ Ee ME: etd tide ite A +0 ’ n big tigen é a a was . * ai ran) whl heb) WY ay aAEPet wt a 4 * 4 > - » uf ‘ “ * = os ri % . i ' i. 7 4c a bie : = Swhi ae (8 wl arent 2 4 ee Pt eB eS) ie he SD 0 Be!) pte qa cht ‘i eg pest hte dents tenth dy ae ye Pe ; Pieai sd ie “agai : ’ } 1 ® ' ' ' ’ i i) An.) Bake pee Ane oe ty OR BE Sa at jie PS hr ee a Be hfe gat ENTOMOLOGY—BULLETIN No, 47. "<> > (Revised Edition. ) ~ “led 2: O. HOWARD, Entomologist. eatatocur EXIIBIT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION, ST. LOUIS, MO., 1904. COMPILED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST , BY p< ¥_S. G. TITUS anv F.C. PRATT. ee , : 1 4 Z Rar 7.3 A 42 AY a ot a WASHINGTON: yd GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1904, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY. ; ia LO: Howarp, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau. C. L.. Marwart, in charge of experimental field work. ao F. H. Cuirrenden, in charge of breeding experiments. se A. D. Hopkins, in charge of forest insect investigations. W. D. Hunter, in charge of cotton boll weevil investigations. Frank Benton, in charge of apicultural investigations. ts F. M. Wesster, in charge of field crop insect investigations. A. L. QuAINTANCE, in charge of bollworm investigations. FE. A. Scawarz, DoW. Coquitierr, TH. Percanpr, NaTHAN Banks, » Assistant Entomologists. ¥ R. S. Currron, E.:8. G.Tirus, F..C. Pratr, Auaust. Busck, Orro Hememann, ‘AsseNg CauDELL, JS Kornsky, R. P. Curris, F. D. Coupgn, Assistants. R. C. Attnousr, W. F. Taster, Mary G. Coampney, A. J. Leister, D. J. PARTELLO, T. A. Kevener, Stenographers and Clerks. Liuuran L. Howenstern, J. F. Strauss, Draftsmen. ~ Ry G. H. Harris, W.-E. Hinps, A. W. Morritt, Sprincer Gores, C. M. Waker, J. C. CrawrorpD, Jr., W. om Hooker, W. W. Yoruers, A. C. Morean, W. D. PIERCE. Fre FE. D. Sanperson, E. C0. Sanporn, A. C. Lewis, A. F, Conrapi, H. A.. Morgan, 3% S. E.. McCienpon, E. S. Harpy, R. ©. Hower, A. W. Buckner, J. B. GARRETT,” 9) engaged in cotton boll weevil investigations. F.C. Bisuopr; C. T. Brurs, A: A. Grrauur, C. R. Jones, engaged in cotton bollworm — investigations. J. L. Wess, H. E. Burke, W. F. Fiske, engaged in forest insect investigations. Lesuiz Martin, J. M. Rankin, engaged in apicultural investigations. ; - Henrierra A? Keuiy, C. §. Giniss, W. A. KeLemer, Marie Rey, engaged in silk — investigations. x Herperr Osporn, J. 8. Hi e, ©. BE. Cuampuiss, Temporary Field Agents. “a s e ! : { os ue % 4 © ey see " U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY—BULLETIN No. 47. (Revised Edition. ) L. O. HOWARD, Entomologist. CATALOGUE OF THE 5 > ~ EXIBIT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION, ST. LOUIS, MO., 1904. COMPILED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST ' BY E. S. G. TITUS ann F. C. PRATT. _——) Qe LINssso> WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1904, ee hb _ a a, n LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BureEau OF ENTOMOLOGY, Washington, D. C., September 1, 1904. Str: I have the honor to transmit herewith for publication the accompanying revised copy of Bulletin No. 47, of this Bureau, a cata- logue of the exhibit made by the Bureau of Entomology at the Louisi- ana Purchase Exposition. Respectfully, ne L. O. Howarp, Hon. JAMES WILSON, Entomologist. Secretary of Agriculture. 2 INTRODUCTION. The following catalogue of the exhibit of economic entomology made by the Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agricul- ture, at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, has been prepared with a view of increasing the usefulness of the exhibit from an economic and educational standpoint, and it is intended to supplement the exhibit by giving bibliographical references which will enable persons interested readily to gain information additional to that conveyed by the label. The general supervision of the preparation of the exhibit itself was placed by the writer in the hands of Mr. August Busck, assistant in the Bureau of Entomology, and in this laborious task he has had the valuable expert assistance of Mr. F. C. Pratt and Mr. E. 8. G. Titus, also assistants in the Bureau. The catalogue itself has been compiled by Messrs. Titus and Pratt. The present catalogue does not include a consideration of the exhibit of insects injurious to forest trees, which will be published as a separate pamphlet (Bulletin 48) on account of the desirability of independent distribution of this portion of the cat- alogue to persons interested in forestry matters. The Division of Entomology has been represented at many interna- tional expositions, its first serious attempt to represent its work in this way having been made at the New Orleans Cotton Exposition of 1884. It was represented by large collections at the subsequent World’s Fair at Chicago, at the International Exposition at Paris, at the expositions at Atlanta, Nashville, Omaha, Buffalo, and Charleston. The present exhibit, however, is, in many respects, a more interesting one than any of its predecessors. An effort has been made to illustrate in all of their stages the principal insects injurious to North American crops. Further attempts have been made to show the economic rela- tions of insects in other respects and, on account of the great current interest in the subject of the spread of disease by insects, more atten- tion has been paid to this subject than ever before. Special cases illustrating insects of the greatest immediate popular interest have been prepared, and a series of models of the most prominent economic insects of the day is shown. An effort has been made to introduce a novel feature in this exhibit, namely, living insects feeding under as natural conditions as possible, which will probably prove of quite as great interest to visitors as the illustrative cases of dried specimens. 3 + In the bibliographical references under the titles of the individual exhibits in this catalogue the most comprehensive general articles have been indicated, and especial care has been taken to quote such publi- cations as are most accessible. Reference to many of the earlier articles may be found in Bul. 31, Div. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1893, this being an index to the exhibit at the World’s Columbian Expo- sition. In the systematic index the more important recent changes in entomological nomenclature have been cared for by cross references from old names to new names for both genera and species. Persons desiring further information than can be gained from this catalogue or from conversation with the attendant in charge of exhibit are requested to address the writer at the U. S. Department of Agri- culture, Washington, D. C. L. O. Howarp, Entomologist. CONTENTS. ORDER OF CASES IN EXHIBIT. Page Insects injurious to orange and lemon (4 cases).....-.....--.--------------- vf The more important scale insects (6 cases)...........-.-------------------- 13 mnsoects: imjarious-to apple (6.eases). -<==2:....2-2.5-22 eee ceceeeseeslscsceeee 19 I SEES Se Nn AE oe ep ea ee 27 The white-marked tussc k caterpillar and its parasites............----.------ 28 PE REE TERN OOD so ek aoa S A mc een nen eedaes an 29 a ee eS ee eee ee 31 SISRIEEONIN CONSENT 7 se eer fe oe aweeboawiosencctanss 32 Principal insects liable to be introduced on nursery stock (2 cases) .-..--.--- 32 RPE MmETESEIRIGUIN TG) OEADG (2 UBREA) 6 5 2 oc cc ciscce an ewe an nwesnesonsaneccens 37 reeeeteTERIOUS: 1) (COULOI 21CURCR) <= oe INSECTS INJURIOUS TO SWEET POTATOES. For general bulletin see Sanderson, Sweet Potato Insects, Bul. 59, Md. Agric. Expt. Sta., 1900. SWEET-POTATO ROOT-BORER. Cylas formicarius Fab. Exurpit: Adult and work. SWEET-POTATO HAWK-MOTH. Phlegethontius cingulata Fab. Exursir: Adult. THE SWEET-POTATO PLUME-MOTH. Pterophorus monodactylus Linn. Exursit: Adult. LARGER SWEET-POTATO SAWFLY. Schizocerus privatus Nort. For general account see Marlatt, Insect Life, v. V, pp. 24-27, fig. 6, 1892. Exuipir: Adult and figure. SWEET-POTATO FLEA-BEETLE. Chextocnema confinis Cr. Exersir: Adult. THE CUCUMBER FLEA-BEETLE. Epitria cucumeris Harr. For short account see Chittenden, Bul. 19, n. s., Div. Ent., U. 5. Dept. Agric., pp. 89-90, 1899. Exurpit: Adult. THE MOTTLED TORTOISE BEETLE. Coptocycla signifera Hbst. (Formerly C. guttata.) Exuipit: Adult. 95 BLACK-LEGGED TORTOISE BEETLE. Cassida nigripes Oliv. Exursit: Adult and work. TWO-STRIPED TORTOISE BEETLE. Cassida bivittata Say. Exursit: Adult. THE GREEN TORTOISE BEETLE. Physonota unipunctata Say. For brief notices see Hamilton, Canad. Ent., v. XVI, pp. 134-135, 1884, and Caulfield, 1. ¢., p. 227. Exursir: Adult. THE ARGUS TORTOISE BEETLE. Chelymorpha argus Licht. (Also called C. cassidea.) Exuipir: Adult. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO TOMATO. NORTHERN TOBACCO WORM; TOMATO WORM. Phlegethontius quinquemaculata Haw. (Formerly Protoparce celeus.) For general account see Howard, Farmers’ Bul. 120, U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 10-14, 1900. Exutpit: Larva and adult. SOUTHERN TOBACCO WORM; HORNBLOWER. Phlegethontius sexta Joh. (Formerly Protoparce carolina.) For general accounts see Howard, Farmers’ Bul. 120, U. 8. Dept. Agric., pp. 10-14, 1900; Alwood, Bul. 17, n. s., Div. Ent., U. 5. Dept. Agric., pp. 72-74, 1898. Exuisit: Larva and adult. THE STALK BORER. Papaipema nitela Guen. For general accounts see Bird, Can. Ent., v. XXX, pp. 127-128, 1898; Lugger, 4th Rpt. State Ent. Minn., pp. 167—L68, L899, Exuisit: Pupa and adult. : THE COMMELINA OWLET MOTH. Prodenia commeline 8. & A. For life history and general account see Chittenden, Bull. 27, n. s., Diy. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 59-64, Pl. LV, fig. 1, 1901. Exuipit: Larva and adult. 96 CORN-EAR WORM; COTTON BOLLWORM. Heliothis obscura Fab. (Feeds also on tobacco and tomato; see under cotton and corn exhibits; formerly HZ. armiger Hibn.) For life history and general account see Quaintance, Farmers’ Bul. 191, 1904. Exutpit: Larva and adult. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO ASPARAGUS. For general article on asparagus insects see Chittenden, Bul. 10, n. s., pp. 54-62, 1898. THE ASPARAGUS MINER. Agromyza simplex Loew. For general account see Sirrine, Bul. 189, N. Y. Agric. Exp. Stat., pp. 277-282, 1900. Exurit: Adult. LOPIDEA MEDIA Say. Exnipit: Adult. THE LESSER LOCUST. Melanoplus atlanis Riley. For bibliography and general accounts see Scudder, Proc. U. S. N. M., v. XX, pp. 178-188; pl. 12, fig. 7, 1897; Riley, Bul. 25, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 26-27, 1891. Exuisit: Adult. THE TWO-STRIPED LOCUST. Melanoplus bivittatus Say. For bibliography and general accounts see Scudder, Proc. U. S. N. M., v. XX, pp. 363-368, pl. 24, fig. 5, 1897; Riley, Bul. 25, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 31-32, 1891. Exuterr: Adult and figure. RED-LEGGED LOCUST. Melanoplus femur-rubrum DeG. For bibliography and general accounts see Scudder, Proc. U. 5. N. M., v. XX, pp. 278-285, pl. 1, fig. h; pl. 19, figs. 14, 1897; Riley, Bul. 25, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 27-28, 1891. Exuipir: Adult. MELANOPLUS PROPINQUUS Scudd. For original description, see Scudder, Proc. U. S. N. M., v. XOX; pp. 285-286, pl. 18, fig. 9, 1897. Exuipir: Adult. 97 TWELVE-SPOTTED ASPARAGUS-BEETLE. Crioceris duodecempunctata Linn. For detailed account, see Chittenden, Yearbook, U.S. Dept. Agric., 1896, pp. 349-352, L897. j Exutsir: Adult, figure, and adult of enemy, /’%disus spinosus Dall. THE ASPARAGUS BEETLE. Crioceris asparagi Linn. For detailed account, see Chittenden, Yearbook, U.S. Dept. Agric., 1896, pp. 841-349. For bibliography and general account, see Lintner, 11th Rpt. St. Ent. N. Y., pp. 177-188, 1896. Exuisit: Larva, adult, figure, and enemy, St/retrus anchorago Fab. THE TWELVE-SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE. Diabrotica duodecempunctata Ol. For general accounts and remedies, see Chittenden, Bul. 43, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 12-13, 1903; Quaintance, Bul. 26, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 35-40, 1900. Exuipit: Adult and figure. FALSE BUD-WORM; COTTON BOLLWORM. Heliothis obscura Fab. (Formerly //. armiger Hiibn. For full life-history exhibit, see under cotton and corn.) For life history and general account, see Quaintance, Farmers’ Bul. 191, U. S. Dept. Agric., 1904. Exureir: Adult. ZEBRA CATERPILLAR. Mamestra picta Harr. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 43, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 42-43, 1903. Exuipsir: Larva, adult, and figure. THE PRETTY CUTWORM. Mamestra legitima Grt. For brief account see Howard, Farmers’ Bul. 120, U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 24-25, fig. 20, 1900. Exursit: Larva, adult, and figure. CRANBERRY SPANWORM. Cleora pampinaria Guen. For general account see Smith, Farmers’ Bul. 178, pp. 19-21, 1903. Exutsitr: Larva, pupa, and adult. 3600—No. 47—04——7 98 THE RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER. Eulia triferana Walk. (Formerly Lophoderus.) For brief account see Lugger, 4th Rpt. State Entom. Minn. p. 231, 1899. Exuipir: Larva, pupa, and adult. THE SULPHUR-COLORED TORTRIX. Epagoge sulfureana Clem. (Formerly Dichelia.) For brief account see Lugger, 4th Rpt. State Entom. Minn., pp. 232-933, 1899. Exurpit: Pupa and adult. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO CUCURBITS. SQUASH-VINE BORER. Melittia satyriniformis Hubn. (Formerly Ageria cucurbite.) For life history and general accounts see Chittenden, Bul. 19, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 34-40, 1899; Cir. 38, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1899. Exuisit: Larva, pupa, cocoon, adult, and figure. PICKLE WORM. Diaphania nitidalis Cram. (Formerly Hudioptis and Margaronia.) For general accounts and bibliography see Chittenden, Bul. 19, n.s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 40-42, 1899; Lintner, 11th Rpt. N. Y. St. Ent., pp. 126-133, 1896. Exureir: Pupa, cocoon, adult, and figure. MELON CATERPILLAR. Diaphania hyalinata Linn. For general accounts and bibliography see Chittenden, Bul. 19, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 42-44, 1899; Lintner, 11th Rpt. N.Y. St. Ent., pp. 134-138, 1896. (Formerly Audioptisand Margaronia. Exnisir: Larva, pupa, adult, and figure. NORTHERN LEAF-FOOTED PLANT-BUG. Leptoglossus oppositus Say. For life history and general account see Chittenden, Bul. 33, n. s. Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 18-25, 1902. Exureir: Nymph, adult, and figure. y) 99 STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE. Diabrotica vittata Fab. For general accounts sve Chittenden, Bul. 19, n.s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 48-51, 1899; Cir. 31, Div. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 189s. Exuipir: Adult, work, and figure. TWELVE-SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE. Diabrotica duodecempunctata Oliv. For general articles see Chittenden, Bul. 48, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 12-13, 1903; Quaintance, Bul. 26, n. s., pp. 35-40, 1900. Exurpit: Adult. THE CUCUMBER FLEA-BEETLE. Epitrix cucumeris Harr. For short account see Chittenden, Bul. 19, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 89-90, 1899. Exuipit: Adult and figure. THE PUNCTURED FLEA-BEETLE. Psylliodes punctulata Mels. For brief account see Forbes and Hart, 21st Rpt. St. Ent. Ill., p. 124, 1900. Exureit: Adult. THE HORNED SQUASH-BUG. Anasa armigera Say. For general accounts see Chittenden, Can. Ent., v. X XX, pp. 289-240, 1898; Bul. 19, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 28-34, 1899. Exuipit: Eggs, nymph, adult, and figure. THE COMMON SQUASH-BUG. Anasa tristis De G. For general accounts see Chittenden, Cir. 39, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., 1899; Bul. 19, n. s., pp. 20-28, 1899. Exureit: Eggs, nymph, adult, and figure. THE SQUASH LADYBIRD. Epilachna horealis Fab. For bibliography and life history see Chittenden, Bul. 19, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 11-20, 1899. Exuipit: Larva, pupa, adult, and work. 100 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO OTHER VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. INJURING CARROT, CELERY, PARSLEY, AND PARSNIP. THE CELERY LOOPER. Plusia sinyplex Guen. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 33, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 73-74, 1902. Exuipit: Adult and figure. THE GREENHOUSE LEAF-TYER. Phlyctaenia ferrugalis Hiibn. For detailed account (under /?. rubigalis Guen.) see Chittenden, Bul. 27, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric.; pp. 7-26, 1901. Exureir: Larva, cocoon, adult, and figure. THE CELERY CATERPILLAR. Papilio polyxenes Fab. (Formerly P. asterias.) For general account see Davis, Bul. 102, Mich. Agric. Expt. Sta., pp. 21-24, 1893. Exuipsit: Larva, adult and chrysalis. THE CARROT RUST-FLY. Psila rose Fab. For general article see Chittenden, Bul. 33, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 26-32, 1902. Exursit: Adult and figure. THE CARROT BEETLE. Ligyrus gibbosus DeG. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 33, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 32-37, 1902. Exurisit: Adult and figure. THE PARSNIP WEBWORM. Depressaria heracliana DeG. For general accounts see Riley, Insect Life, v. I, pp. 94-98, 1888; Southwick, Insect Life, v. V, pp. 106-109, 1892. Exuisit: Larva, pupa, adult, work, and figure. THE PARSNIP LEAF-MINER. Acidia fratria Loew. (Formerly 7rypeta.) For short account see Coquillett Insect Life, v. VII, pp. 383-884, 1895. Exuisir: Adult and figure. 101 THE PARSLEY ROOT-BORER. Listronotus latiuseulus Boh. For brief notice of injury see Chittenden, Yearbook, U.S. Dept. Agric., 1902, p. 731. Exuipir: Adult. THE LITTLE NEGRO BUG. Corimelena pulicaria Germ. For general account see Davis, Bul. 102, Mich. Agric. Expt. Sta., pp. 13-18, 1893. Exureir: Nymph and adult. DARK-SIDED CUTWORM. Huxoa messoria. (Formerly Carneades.) For general account see Riley, Rpt. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1884, pp. 290-291, pl. 2, fig. 6, 1885. Exurpit: Adult and figure. INJURIOUS TO ONTON., THE WHEAT WIREWORM. Agriotes mancus Say. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 27, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 77-78, 1901. Exutpir: Adult and figure. TOBACCO THRIPS; ONION THRIPS. Thrips tabaci Lind. For short accounts as 7. striatus see Gillette, Bul. 47. Colo. Agric. Oxpt. Sta., p. 44, 1898; Howard, Farmers’ Bul. 120, U.S. Dept. Agric. pp. 24-25, 1900. Exurpir: Figure. THE CORN-STALK MAGGOT. Chetopsis wnea Wied. For general account see Howard, Insect Life, v. VII, pp. 352-3854, 1895. Exnipir: Pupa and adult. THE ONION FLY. Pegomya cepetorum Meade, For general account as Phorb/a ceparum see Slingerland, Bul. 78, Cornell Uniy. Agric. Expt. Sta., pp. 495-496, 1894. Exuteir: Adult. 102 INJURIOUS TO RHUBARB. THE RHUBARB CURCULIO. Livus concavus Say. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 23, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 61-69, 1900. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE CONVEX FLEA-BEETLE. Psylliodes convexior Lec. Exuipsit: Adult. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. For general article on insects affecting ornamental plants see Chit- tenden, Bul. 27, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1901. THE GREENHOUSE LEAF-TYER. Phiyctenia ferrugalis Wiibn. Exuterr: Larva, cocoon, adult, and figure. THE MORNING-GLORY LEAF-CUTTER. Lowostege obliteralis Walk. Exuipit: Larva, cocoon, adult, and figure. THE ROSE BUD-WORM. Olethreutes nimbatana Clem. For bibliography and general account see Lintner, 5th Rpt. N. Y. St. Ent., pp. 218-215, 1889. Exuipir: Pupa, adult, and figure. THE VIOLET SAWFLY. Emphytus canadensis Why. Exutpir: Adult and figure. FULLER’S ROSE BEETLE. Aramigus fullert Horn. Exnuipir: Adult and figure. THE FICKLE MIDGE. Sciara inconstans Viteh. Exureir: Adult and figure. THE VIOLET ‘‘GALL-FLY.” Diplosis violicola Coq. Exutpit: Figure. THE ROSE CURCULIO. Rhynchites bicolor Fab. Exuierr: Adult and figure. 1038 CALIFORNIA FLOWER BEETLE. Hoplia callipyge Lee. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE ROSE LEAF-BEETLE. Nodonota puncticollis Say. For general account see Chittenden, Bull. 7, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S Jept. Agric., pp. 60-61, 1897. Exursir: Adult. THE AZALEA BARK SCALE. Eriococcus azalee Comst. For bibliography, food plants and distribution, see Fernald, Coc. cide of World, Bul. 88, Mass. Agr. Coll., p. 72, 1903. Exursir: Infested twig. THE EVUONYMUS SCALE. Chionaspis euonymi Comst. For bibliography, food-plants, and distribution see Fernald, Coc- cidae of World, Bul. 88, Mass. Agr. Col., pp. 216, 1903. Exureir: Infested twig. THE ROSE COTTONY SCALE. Palxococcus rose R. & H. For bibliography, distribution, and food plants, see Fernald, Coc- cidae of World, Bul. 88 Mass. Agr. Coll.; p. 21, 1908. For general account see Riley and Howard, Insect Life, vy. II, pp. 93-97, 1890. Exutsit: Infested twig. THE BLACK OR BROWN APHIS OF VIOLETS. Rhopalosiphum violx Perg. For original description with short account of injury to violets, see Pergande, Can. Ent. v. XXXII, pp. 29-30, 1900. Exuipir: Figure. THE TWO-SPOTTED RED SPIDER. Tetranychus bimaculatus Harv. For description and distribution see Banks, Tech. Ser.,; 8, Diy. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 73-74, 1900. Exureir: Figure. THE WHITE ANT. Leucotermes flavipes Koll. For general account see Marlatt, Cir. 50, Diy. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1902. (Formerly 7ermes.) Exuipit: Adult and figure. 104 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO CRANBERRY. For treatises on cranberry insects see Smith, Farmers’ Bul. 178, U.S. Dept. Agric., 1903; Bul. 90 N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 1892; Saunders, Insects Injurious to Fruits, 2d ed., pp. 369-376, 1900. INJURING THE LEAVES. LEATHER-COLORED LOCUST. Schistocerca alutacea Harr. Exursir: Adult. (Formerly Acridium.) THE TWO-STRIPED LOCUST. Melanoplus bivittatus Say. For bibliography and general accounts see Scudder, Proc. U.S. N. M., v. XX, pp. 363-368, fig. 5, 1897; Riley, Bul. 25, Div. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 31-32, 1891. Exnureit: Adult. THE ANGULAR-WINGED KATYDID. Microcentrum retinerve Burm. Exursit: Adult, eggs and parasitized eggs. THE CRANBERRY LOOPER. Xanthotype crocataria Fab. (Formerly Angerona.) For general account see Lugger, 4th Rpt. State Entom. Minn., pp. 178-179, 1899. Exuisit: Adult. CHAIN-SPOTTED GEOMETER. Cingilia catenaria Dru. (Formerly Caterva.) For general account see Lugger, 4th Rpt. St. Ent. Minn., pp. 186-187, 1899; Packard, 5th Rpt. U.S. Ent. Comm., pp. 783-784, 1890. Exuieir: Larva, pupa, and adult. CRANBERRY SPANWORM. Cleora pampinaria Guen. (Formerly Boarmia.) For general account see Smith, Farmers’ Bul. 178, U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 19-21, 1903. Exutpir: Larva, pupa, and adult. THE YELLOWHEAD CRANBERRY WORM. Acleris minuta Rob. (Formerly Zeras.) For general account see Smith, Farmers’ Bul. 178, U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 12-17, 1903. Exuipir: Adult and figure. 105 THE VINE-WORM; THE FIRE-WORM. Budemis vaceiniana Pack. For general account see Smith, Farmers’ Bul. 178, U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 9-12, 1903. Exuisit: Larva, adult, work, and figure. INJURING THE STEMS. THE CRANBERRY GIRDLER. Crambus hortuellus Hiibn. For general account see Smith, Farmers’ Bul. 178, U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 21-24, 1908. Exureir: Adult and figure. CRANBERRY SCALE; PUTNAM’S SCALE. Aspidiotus ancylus Putn. For bibliography and food plants see Fernald, Cat. Coccide of World, Bul. 88, Mass. Agr. Coll., pp. 252-253, 1903. Exuisit: Infested twig from fruit tree. INSECTS INJURING THE FRUIT. THE CRANBERRY FRUIT WORM. Mineola vaceinii Riley. For general account see Smith, Farmers’ Bul. 178, U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 24-26, 1903. Exuipit: Pupa, cocoon, adult, and figure. THE CRANBERRY KATYDID. Scudderia texensis Sauss. For general account see Smith, Farmers’ Bul. 178, U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 26-29, 1903. Exuteit: Adult and figure. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO STRAWBERRY. For general articles treating of these insects see Forbes, 13th Rpt. Ill. St. Ent., pp. 60-180, 1884; Saunders, Insects Injurious to Fruits, 2d ed., pp. 321-335, 1900. : INJURING THE ROOTS AND CROWN. THE STRAWBERRY CROWN-GIRDLER. Otiorhynchus ovatus Linn. For brief bibliography and account see Lintner, 10th Rpt. St. Ent. N. Y., pp. 416-419, 1895. Exuisir: Adult. - LOG. = THE STRAWBERRY CROWN-BORER. Tyloderma fragarie Riley. For detailed accounts see Forbes, 12th Rpt. Ill. St. Ent., pp. 64-75, 1883; 13th Rpt., p. 142, 1884. Exuipir: Adult, work, and figure. STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH. Ageria rutilans Hy. Edw. (Formerly Ses¢a.) For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 23, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 85-90, 1900. Exuriprr: Adult, pupa, and work. THE SPOTTED STRAWBERRY LEAF-BEETLE. Typophorus canellus Fab. For general account see Forbes, 13th Rpt. St. Ent. Ill., pp. 159-163, 1884. Exuteir: Adult. INJURING THE ROOTS. WHITE GRUB; JUNE BEETLE. Lachnosterna arcuata Sm. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 27, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 74-76, 1901. Exuipeir: Adult and figure. THE STRAWBERRY ROOT-BORER. Graphops nebulosus Lec. For brief notice see Garman, Bul. 31, Ky. Agric. Exp. Sta., p. 23, 1890. Exuipir: Adult. INJURING THE LEAVES. THE STRAWBERRY FALSE-WORM. Harpiphorus maculatus Nort. For general account see Harrington, Insect Life, v. I, pp. 227-228, 1890. Exurieir: Larva, pupa, adult, work, and figure. THE STRAWBERRY LEAF-CHAFER. Diplotaxis frondicola Say. For brief account see Kridelbaugh, Ann. Rpt. Ia. St. Hort. Soce., 1871, p. 161, 1872. : Exuipit: Adult and work. THE STRAWBERRY FLEA-BEETLE. Haltica ignita Mlig. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 23, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 70-78, 1900. Exnuisir: Adult. 107 THE ROSE LEAF-BEETLE. Nodonota puncticollis Say. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 7, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 60-61, 1897. Exnipit: Adult. THE DUSKY PLANT-BUG. Calocoris rapidus Say. For short account see Lugger, 1st Rpt. St. Ent. Minn., p. 65, 1900. Exureit: Adult. RASPBERRY LEAF-ROLLER. Exartema permundana Clem. For general account see Packard, 5th Rpt. U.S. Ent. Comm., pp. 312-313, 1890. Exurpit: Adult. THE STRAWBERRY LEAF-ROLLER. Ancylis comptana Frohl. (Formerly Phoxopteris.) For general account see Smith, Bul. 149, N. J. Agric. Expt. Sta., pp. 3-12, 1901. Exnipit: Larva, pupa, adult, and figure. THE SMEARED DAGGER. Apatela oblinita 8. & A. For general account see Packard, 5th Rpt. U. S. Ent. Comm., pp. 567-568, 1890, (Formerly Acronycta.) Exuipit: Larva, adult, and figure. INJURING THE BUDS AND STEMS. THE STRAWBERRY WEEVIL. Anthonomus signatus Say. (Lays eggs in buds and severs stems.) For general account see Chittenden, Cir. 21, Diy. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., 1897. Exuipir: Adult, work, figure, and the parasites Calyptus t/h/utor Cr. and Catolaceus incertus Ashm. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO BLACKBERRY AND RASPBERRY. For general articles see Webster, Bul. 45, Ohio Agric, Expt. Sta., pp. 151-217, 1893; Saunders, Insects Injurious to Fruits, 2d edit., pp. 303-320, 1900. INJURING THE ROOTS, THE RASPBERRY ROOT-BORER Bembecia marginata Harr. For general account see Smith, Spec. Bul. N, N. J. Agric. Expt. Sta, pp. 9-12, 1891. Exuipir: Larva and adult. 108 INJURING THE STEMS. BLACKBERRY GALL-MAKER. Diastrophus turgidus Bass. (Formerly LY. nebulosus O. 5.) For brief article see Saunders, Insects Injurious to Fruits, 2d ed., pp. 318-819, 1900. Exuipir: Adult and figure. RASPBERRY CANE-BORER. Oberea bimaculata Oliv. For bibliography and general account see a 5th Rpt. N. Y. St. Ent., pp. 231-233, 1889. Exurpit: Adult and work. THE SNOWY TREE-CRICKET. (Heanthus niveus DeG, For general account see Lugger; 3d Rpt. St. Ent. Minn., pp. 269- 271, 1898. Exuareir: Adult, work, and figure. RED-NECKED CANE-BORER. Agrilus ruficollis Fab. For general account see Smith, Spec. Bul. N, N. J. Agric. Expt. Sta., pp. 4-8, 1891. Exureit: Adult, work, and figure. INJURING THE LEAVES. THE RASPBERRY SAWFLY. Monophadnoides rubi Harris. For bibliography and general account see Lowe, Bul. 150, N. Y. Agric. Expt. Sta., pp. 249-262, pls. IV-VI, 1898. Exurpir: Larva, adult, and work. . RASPBERRY LEAF-ROLLER. Exartema permundana Clem. For general account see Packard, 5th Rpt. U. 5. Ent. Comm., pp. 312-313, 1890. Exurpir: Adult. THE FALL WEBWORM. Hyphantria cunea Dru. (Feeds on leaves of various trees, shrubs, and vines.) For general account see Howard, Farmers’ Bul. 99, U. S. Dept. Agvic., pp. 20-25, 1899. Exurpit: Adult and figure. THE SMEARED DAGGER. Apatela oblinita 8. & A. For general account see Packard, 5th Rpt. U. S. Ent. Comm., pp. 567-568, 1890. (Formerly Acronycta.) Exureit: Larva and adult. 109 STRAWBERRY LEAF-ROLLER. Ancylis comptana Frohl, (Formerly Phowopteris.) For general account see Smith, Bul. 149, N. J. Agric. Expt. Sta., pp. 38-12, L901. - Exuterr: Pupa and adult. THE FOUR-MARKED LEAF-BEETLE. Cryptocephalus quadrimaculatus Say. Exurisir: Adult. THE HOODED PLANT-BUG. Euthoctha galeator Fab. For brief notices see Riley and Howard, Insect Life, v. I, p. 54, 1888; p. 366, 1889. Exuisit: ges, nymph, and adult. INJURING THE FRUIT, RASPBERRY SPAN-WORM. : Synchlora xrata Fab. (Formerly S. glaucaria.) For bibliography and general account see Lintner, 8th Rpt. St. Ent. N. Y., pp. 129-133, 1893. Exursit: Pupa, adult, and figure. THE LITTLE NEGRO BUG. Corimelena pulicaria Germ. For general account see Lintner, 8th Rpt. St. Ent. N. Y., pp. 213- 214, 1893. Exuipir: Adult and figure. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO CURRANT AND GOOSEBERRY. For general article on insects affecting currant and gooseberry see Piper and Doane, Bul. 36, Washington Agr. Expt. Sta., 1898. INJURING THE STEMS. THE TERRAPIN SCALE. Bulecanium nigrofasciatumn Perg. (Food plants: Apple, birch, linden, maple, peach, plum, sycamore; formerly Lecanium.) For bibliography and food plants see Fernald, Cat. Coccide of World, Bul. 88, Mass. Agr. Coll., p. 191, 1903; Pergande, Bul. 18, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 26-29, figs. 1898. Exureit: Infested twig. 110 THE NATIVE CURRANT STEM-BORER. Psenocerus supernotatus Say. For general account see Lugger, 5th Rpt. State Entom. of Minne- sota, pp. 121-122, 1899. Exurpit: Adult and work. CURRANT CLEARWING MOTH; IMPORTED CURRANT-BORER. Sesia tipuliformis Clerck. For general account see Lugger, 4th Rpt. State Entom. Minn., pp. 60-64, 1899. Exurpit: Adult and work. PUTNAWM’S SCALE; CRANBERRY SCALE. Aspidiotus ancylus Putn. (Food-plants: Apple, apricot, box-elder, cottonwood, cranberry, elm, hemlock, maple, oak, peach, pear, plum, etc.) For bibliography and food paper see Fernald, Cat. Coccide of World, Bul. 88, Mass. Agr. Coll., pp. 252-253, 1903. Exutsit: Infested twig. THE SAN JOSE SCALE. Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. (Food plants: Almond, apple, apricot, birch, black walnut, black currant, catalpa, chestnut, crab apple, crab grass, cherry, grape, hickory, oak, peach, pear, persimmon, plum, poplar, prune, Rocky Mountain cherry, rose, silver maple, willow, and many other plants. See under ‘*‘ More important scale insects.’’) For bibliography and food plants see Fernald, Cat. Coccide of World, Bul. 88, Mass. Agr. Coll., pp. 271-275, 1903; Howard and Marlatt, Bul. 3, n. s., Div. Ent., Uns: Dept. Agr., 1896. 80 pp. Exurisit: Infested twig. THE BLACK GOOSEBERRY BORER. Xylocrius agassizii Lec. For general accounts see Fletcher, Rpt. of Ent. and Bot. for 1898, Can. Dept. Agric., pp. 207-210, 1899; Chittenden, Bul. 23, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric. -» pp- 90-92, 1900. pease Adult mG figure. INJURING THE LEAVES. GOOSEBERRY SPANWORM. Cymatophora ribearia Fitch. For short account see Lugger, 4th Rpt. State Ent. Minn., pp. 184-186, 1899. (Formerly ae eee Exureit: Eggs, larva, pupa, adult, and figure. bh A IMPORTED CURRANT WORM. Pteronus ribesii Scop. (Formerly Vematus ventricosus. ) For bibliography and technical description see Marlatt, Tech. Series 3, Div. Entom., U. 8S. Dept. Agric., pp. 61-68, 1896. Exureir: Adult, figure, and an enemy, /od/sus placidus Uhl. THE NATIVE CURRANT WORM. Pristiphora grossularize Walsh. For bibliography see Gymnonychus appendiculatus Htg., Marlatt, Tech. Series 3, Div. Entom., U. 8. Dept. Agric., p. 124, 1896. Exuipit: Adult and figure.. THE CRANBERRY LOOPER. NXanthotype crocataria Fab. For general account see Lugger, 4th Rpt. State Entom. Minn., pp. 178-179, 1899. Exuipit: Larva and adult. POLYGONIA PROGNE Cram. (Formerly Grapta.) For general account see Packard, 5th Rpt. U. S. Entom. Comm., pp. 241, 1890. Exureit: Larva, chrysalis, and adult. INJURING THE FRUIT. GOOSEBERRY FRUIT-WORM. Zophodia grossularix Pack. For general account see Lugger, 4th Rpt. State Entom. Minn., pp. 214-216, 1899. Exurpir: Pupaand adult. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO STORED PRODUCTS. (See also Calandra oryza, under Rice.) THE WOLF MOTH. Tinea granella Linn. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 8, n. s., Div. Ent.. U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 31-34, L897. Exuipit: Pupa and adult. MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH. Ephestia kuehniella Zell. For general account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 8-9, 1897. Exiueir: Larva, pupa, cocoon, adult, and figure. 112 DRIED-CURRANT MOTH. Ephestia cautella W1k. For short account (under /) cahzritella) see Chittenden, Bul. 8, n.s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 7-9, 1897. Exuisit: Larva, adult, and figure. THE MEAL SNOUT-MOTH. Pyralis farinalis Linn. (Formerly Asopza.) For short account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, pp. 10-11, 1897. Exuipit: Larva, pupa, cocoon, and adult. THE INDIAN-MEAL MOTH. Plodia interpunctella Hibn. (Formerly Aphestia.) For general account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 9-10, 1897. Exuisir: Larva, pupa, adult, work, and figure. ANGOUMOIS GRAIN-MOTH. Sitotroga cerealella Oliv. (Formerly Gelechia.) For general account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, U. 8. Dept. Agric., pp. 6-7, 1897. Exuisit: Cocoon, adult, work, and figure. THE FOREIGN GRAIN-BEETLE. Cathartus advena Waltl. For short account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 17-18, 1897. Exuipsir: Adult, work, and figure. RED OR SQUARE-NECKED GRAIN-BEETLE. Cathartus gemellatus Duy. For short account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, U. S. Dept. Worries pawl, SOK. Exuisir: Adult and figure. THE SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN-BETTLE. Silvanus surinamensis Linn. For short account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 16-17, 1897. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE MERCHANT GRAIN-BEETLE. Silvanus mercator Fauy. For short account see Chittenden, Bul. 8, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., p. 12, 1897. Exuisir: Adult. 113 PHARAXONOTHA KIRSCHII Reitt. For short notice see Chittenden, Insect Life, vy. VII, p. 327, 1895. Exureit: Adult. THE FLAT GRAIN-BEETLE. Lemophleus pusillus Sch. For short account see Chittenden, Bul. 4, n. s., rev. ed., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 129, 1902. Exuisir: Adult. TYPH@A FUMATA Linn. Exuipit: Adult and work. THE BLACK CARPET BEETLE. Attagenus piceus Oliv. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 8, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 15-19, 1897. Exuipir: Adult. TROGODERMA TARSALE Mels. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 8, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 19-21, 1897. Exuisit: Adult. THE CABINET BEETLE. Anthrenus verbasci Linn. (Formerly A. varius.) For short account see Chittenden, Bul. 8, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 22-23, 1897. Exutpsir: Adult and work. THE MEAL SAP-BEETLE. Carpophilus dimidiatus Fab. Exurpitr: Adult. THE CORN SAP-BEETLE. Carpophilus pallipennis Say. Exurpit: Adult. THE CADELLE. Tenebroides mauritanicus Linn. (Formerly Zrogosita.) For general account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 18-19, 1897. Exuipir: Larva, adult, work, and figure. THE DARK MEAL-WORM. Tenebrio obscurum Fab. For short account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, rey. ed., U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 15, 1897. Exurerr: Larva, pupa, adult, and figure. 3600—No. 47—04——8 114 THE YELLOW MEAL-WORM. Tenebrio molitor Linn. For general account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, rev. ed. Dept. Agric., pp. 14-15, 189%. Exursit: Larva, pupa, adult, and figure. THE WHITE-MARKED SPIDER-BEETLE. Ptinus fur Linn. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 4, n. s., rev. ed., Div U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 127-128, 1902. Exuipit: Adult. THE BROWN SPIDER-BEETLE. Ptinus brunneus Dufts. For short account see Chittenden, Bul. 4, n. s., rev. ed., Div. U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 128, 1902. Exuisir: Adult. THE DRUG-STORE BEETLE. Sitodrepa panicea Linn. (Listed as Anobiwm in foreign catalogues.) For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 4, n.s., rev. ed., Div. U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 124-126, 1897. Exuisitr: Adult, work and figure. THE CIGARETTE BEETLE. Lasioderma testaceum Dufts. (Formerly ZL. serricorne.) For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 4, n. s., rev. ed., Div U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 126-127, 1897. Exursit: Adult and figure. THE LARGER GRAIN-BORER. Dinoderus truncatus Horn. ,U.S. . Ent., Ent., . Knt.. For short account see Chittenden, Insect Life, v. VII, p. 327, 1895. Exurisit: Adult. THE RUST-RED FLOUR-BEETLE. Tribolium ferrugineum Fab. For general account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, rev. ed., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 12-13, 1897. Exuisit: Adult. THE CONFUSED FLOUR-BEETLE. Tribolium confusum Duy. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 4, n. s., rev. ed., Div U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 118-115, 1902. Exurpit: Adult and figure. . Ent: 115 THE SLENDER-HORNED FLOUR-BEETLHE. Echocerus maxillosus Fab. For short account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, rey. ed., U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 13, 1897. Exuisir: Adult and figure. THE BROAD-HORNED FLOUR-BEETLE. Echocerus cornutus Fab. For short account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, rev. ed., U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 13, L897. Exureit: Adult and figure. THE SMALL-EYED FLOUR-BEETLE. Palorus ratzeburgi Wissm. For short account see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45., rey. ed., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 13-14, 1897. Exuipsit: Adult and figure. THE DEPRESSED FLOUR-BEETLE. Palorus subdepressus Woll. Exuipir: Adult. ALPHITOBIUS PICEUS Ol. Exursir: Adult. BROAD-NOSED GRAIN WEEVIL. Caulophilus latinasus Say. For general account see Chittenden, Bul. 8, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 13-14, 1897. Exuipsir: Adult. THE GRANARY WEEVIL. Calandra granaria Linn. (For an important enemy of stored grain, see (. oryza, under ** Rice.”’) For short account, see Chittenden, Farmers’ Bul. 45, rev. ed., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 4-5, 1897. Exuipit: Adult, work and figure. BRACHYTARSUS ALTERNATUS Say. For life history, notes, and general accounts, see Quaintance, Ent. News, pp. 1-3, plate, 1897. Exuipit: Adult and figure. HOUSEHOLD INSECTS. For general account of household insects see Howard, Marlatt, and Chittenden, Bul. 4, n. s., rev. ed., Diy. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1902. Contains articles on all the insects represented in the exhibit. 116 THE HOUSE CENTIPEDE. Scutigera forceps Raf. (While this animal is not an insect, but belongs to the class Myriapoda, it is so regularly associated with the insects that it may appropriately be presented with them. It feeds on flies, moths, roaches, etc. ) For general article see Marlatt, Cir. 48, Div. Ent., U. 5. Dept. Agric., 1902. Exuisit: Figure. THE SILVER FISH. Lepisma domestica Pack. For general article see Marlatt, Cir. 49, Div. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1902. Exutpit: Figure. THE BOOK-LOUSE. Troctes divinatoria Mull. (Formerly Psocus and Atropos.) Exuipit: Figure. THE WHITE ANT. Leucotermes flavipes Koll. (Formerly Zermes.) For general account see Marlatt, Cir. 50, Div. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1902. Exutieit: Adult and figure. THE AMERICAN COCKROACH. Periplaneta americana Linn. For general article see Marlatt, Cir. 51, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 1-8, 1902. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE BLACK BEETLE. Blatta orientalis Linn. For general article see Marlatt, Cir. 51, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 9-10, 1902. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE CROTON BUG. slatella germanica Linn. (Formerly “etobia.) For general article see Marlatt, Cir. 51, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 10-11, 1902. Kxurpir: Adult. THE HOUSE CRICKET. Gryllus domesticus Linn. Exuisir: Adult. 17 THE CASE-MAKING CLOTHES MOTH. Tinea pellionella Linn. For general article see Marlatt, Cir. 36, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 1-4, 1898. Exuieit: Adult and figure. THE TAPESTRY MOTH. Trichophaga tapetzella Linn. (Formerly 77nea.) For general article see Marlatt, Cir. 36, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Aeric;, p. 5, 1898. Exuipitr: Figure. THE WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH. Tineola biselliella Hum. (Formerly 77nea.) For general article see Marlatt, Cir. 36, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 4-5, 1598. Exuisir: Adult and figure. THE RED-LEGGED HAM BEETLE. Necrobia rufipes DeG. (Formerly Corynetes.) Exurpit: Adult and figure. THE LARDER BEETLE. Dermestes lardarius Linn. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE CARPET BEETLE OR ‘‘BUFFALO MOTH.” Anthrenus scrophularix Linn. op For general article see Howard, Cir. 5, Div. Ent., U. Agric., 1894. Exureir: Adult and figure. THE CHEESE OR HAM SKIPPER. Piophila casei Linn. Dept. Exutpir: Adult. THE FRUIT OR VINEGAR FLY. Drosophila ampelophila Loew. For general accounts see Howard, Bul. 4, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. LO9-111, 1896; Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vy. LI, pp. 589-590, pl. 31, fig. 2, 1900. Exurpir: Adult and figure. THE LITTLE RED ANT. Monomorium pharaonis Linn. For general article see Marlatt, Cir. 384, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 1-2, 1898. For bibliography and general account see Lintner, 11th Rpt. N. Y. St. Entom., pp. 109-114, 1896. Exuterr: Adult and tigure. 118 INSECTS WHICH MAY SPREAD DISEASE. General articles: Howard, Farmers’ Bulletin 155, U. S. Dept. Agric., 1902; also Bul. 30, n. s., Div. Ent., U. 5. Dept. Agric., pp. 39-45, 1901. THE YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO. Stegomyia fasciata Fab. (Is the intermediate host for the parasite of yellow fever. Formerly Culex.) Exuiprr: Adult and figure. THE MALARIA MOSQUITO. Anopheles maculipennis Meig. (The most important of the mosquitoes transmitting malaria. For- merly A. guadrimaculatus.) Exurpsir: Adult and figure. THE GREEN BOTTLE FLY. Lucilia cesar Linn. For general article see Howard, Cir. 35, Div. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1898. Exurpir: Adult and figure. THE STABLE FLY. Stomoxys calcitrans Linn. For special article see Howard, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v. II, pp. 577-579, fig. 27, 1900. Exureit: Adult and figure. THE HIPPELATES FLY. Hippelates flavipes Loew. (Facilitates the spread of the disease known as ** pink-eye.”) Exuiprr: Adult and figure. THE BROWN DUNG FLY. Scatophaga furcata Say. Exurerr: Adult and figure. THE SHINING EXCREMENT FLY. Morellia micans Macq. Exurpit: Adult and figure. THE LITTLE HOUSE FLY. Homalomyia brevis Rond. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE FRUIT OR VINEGAR FLY. Drosophila ampelophila Loew. Exutpir: Adult and figure. 119 THE SCREW-WORM FLY. Chrysomyia macellaria Fab. (Formerly Compsomy/ia.) For special article see Howard, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., y. Il, p 562, 1900. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE CATTLE TICK. Boophilus annulatus Say. (Very common on cattle below the Texas fever line, and known to be responsible for transmission of Texas fever among cattle.) Exuisir: Eggs, adult, and figure. INSECTS WHICH DIRECTLY INJURE OR ANNOY HUMAN BEINGS. THE HOUSE FLY. Musca domestica Linn. For general article see Howard, Cir. 35, Div. Ent., U. 8S. Dept. Agric., 1898. Exursir: Adult and figure. THE SOUTHERN BUFFALO GNAT. Simulium pecuarum Riley. For general article and full life history see Osborn, Bul. 5, n. s Diy. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 41-52, 1896. Exnipir: Adult and figure. ger. THE CAT AND DOG FLEA. Ctenocephalus canis Curtis (Formerly Pulex serraticeps Gerv.) For general account see Howard and Marlatt, Bul. 4, n. s., rey. ed., Diy. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 24-31, 1902. For full bibliography see Baker, Proc. U.S. N. M., v. XXVII, p. 488, 1904. Exnuteit: Figure. THE BLOOD-SUCKING CONE-NOSE. Conorhinus sanguisuga Lec. For general article see Howard and Marlatt, Bul. 4, n. s., rev. ed., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 38-42, 1902. Exutpit: Egg, nymph, adult, and figure. THE HOUSE MOSQUITO. Culex pipiens Linn. For general article and life history see Howard, Bul. 25, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 22-28, 1900. Treated as C. pungens Wied. Exurisitr: Adult and figure. 120 THE BEDBUG. Klinophilos lectularia Linn, (Formerly Acanthia and Cimew.) For general article see Marlatt, Cir. 47, Div. Ent., U. §. Dept. Agric., 1902. Exuipit: Nymph, adult, and figure. THE BLACK BEETLE. Blatta orientalis Linn. For general article see Marlatt, Cir. 51, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 9-10, 1902. Exuisit: Adult and figure. THE RED BUG. Leptus irritans Riley. For general article see H. Osborn, Bul. 5, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept Agric., pp. 251-253, 1896. Exnisir: Figure. THE HEAD LOUSE. Pediculus capitis DeG. For general article see H. Osborn, Bul. 5, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 166-167, 1896. Exuipir: Figure. THE BODY LOUSE. Pediculus vestimenti Leach. wD For general article see H. Osborn, Bul. 5, n. Dept. Agric., pp. 167-168, 1896. Exuisir: Figure. s:, Divs Ents is: THE CRAB LOUSE. Phthirius inguinalis Leach. For general article see H. Osborn, Bul. 5, n. s., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 165-166, 1896. Exurpit: Eggs, adult, and figure. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO DOMESTIC ANIMALS. For general account with illustrations of many of the insects affect- ing domestic animals see Osborn, Bull. 5, n. s., Div. Ent., U. 8S. Dept. Agric., pp. 1-302, 1896. THE SOUTHERN BUFFALO GNAT. Simulium pecuarum Riley. Exuisir: Adult and figure. THE TURKEY GNAT. Simulium meridionale Riley. Exursit: Pupa, adult, and figure. 121 AMERICAN GAD-FLY. Tabanus americanus Forst. Exurpit: Adult. THE GRAY-STRIPED GREEN-HEAD. Tabanus lineola Fab. Exureir: Adult and figure. THE BLACK GAD-FLY. Tabanus atratus Linn. Exutpir: Larva, adult, figure, and figure of parasite Phanurus tabanivorus Ashm. THE GREENHEAD. Tabanus costalis Wied. Exuipit: Adult. TABANUS EXUL O. S. Exuipit: Adult. TABANUS PUNCTIFER O. S. Exurpit: Adult. TABANUS €INCTUS Fab. Exuipit: Adult. MEXICAN BOT-FLY. Tabanus mexicanus Linn. Exuieir: Adult. THE BLACK-STRIPED GAD-FLY. Tabanus nigrovittatus Macq. Exuisir: Adult. THE BLACK-STRIPED EAR-FLY Chrysops vittatus Wied. Exarpir: Adult and figure. CHRYSOPS ATROPOS O. S. Exuipir: Adult. CHRYSOPS HILARIS O. 8. Exuipir: Adult. THE STABLE FLY. Stomoxys calcitrans Linn. For special article see Howard, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sei., v. II, pp. —— Exureir: Adult and figure. THE HORSE BOT-FLY. Gastrophilus equi Fab. Exurpit: Eggs, larva, puparia, adult, and figure, THE ‘‘CHIN”’ FLY. Gastrophilus nasalis Linn, Exursir: Adult. 122 THE WARBLE FLY. Hypoderma bovis DeG. (A European species. ) Exuipir: Eggs, adult and figure. THE OX BOT; OX WARBLE. Hypoderma lineata Vill. Exurpir: Larva, adult, and figure. THE SHEEP BOT-FLY; HEAD MAGGOT. (Estrus ovis Linn. Exurpit: Larva, puparia, adult, and figure. THE HORN FLY. Hematobia serrata R-D For special article see Riley and Howard, Insect Life, vy. II, pp. 93-103. Exniprr: Puparium, adult, and figure. THE SHEEP TICK. Melophagus ovinus Linn. Exuipir: Adult and figure. THE SCREW-WORM FLY. Chrysomyia macellaria Fab. (Formerly Compsomyia. ) For special article see Howard, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., v. I, p. 562, 1900. Exurpit: Adult and figure. THE CAT AND DOG FLEA. Ctenocephalus canis Curtis. (Formerly Pulex serraticeps Gerv.) For full bibliography see Baker, Proc. U. 8. N. M., v. XXVII, p. 438, 1904. Exnieit: Figure. THE SUCKING HORSE-LOUSE. Hematopinus asini Linn. KixHrBiT: Figure. THE SHORT-NOSED OX-LOUSE. Hematopinus eurysternus Nitsch. Exurtsit: Figure. THE LONG-NOSED OX-LOUSE. Hematopinus vituli Linn. Exutpir: Adult and figure. 123 THE CATTLE LOUSE. Trichodectes scalaris Nitsch. Exurerr: Adult and figure. THE SHEEP LOUSE. | Trichodectes sphrocephalus Nitsch. Exuiprr: Adult and figure. TICKS INJURIOUS TO DOMESTIC ANIMALS. For general account, bibliography, and illustrations see Salmon and Stiles, Cattle Ticks, 17th Ann. Rept. B. A. I., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 880-491, 1900. THE CATTLE TICK. Boophilus annulatus Say. (Very common on cattle below the Texas fever line and known to be responsible for transmission of Texas fever among cattle. ) Exurpir: Adult and figure. THE SOUTHERN CHICKEN TICK. Argas miniatus Koch. (Also reported on cattle.) Exureit: Adult and figure. THE SPINOSE EAR TICK. Ornithodoros megnini Dugés. (On man, cattle, horses, dogs, sheep, ete.) Exuisir: Adult and figure. THE AMERICAN DOG TICK. Dermacentor electus Koch. (On man, cattle, dogs, and horses. ) Kxureir: Adult and tigure. THE NETTED TICK. Dermacentor reticulatus Fab. (On man, cattle, horses, and sheep. ) Exiipir: Adult and figure. THE LONE-STAR TICK. Amblyomma americanum Linn, (Not uncommon on cattle and man.) Exuteir: Adult and figure. THE CASTOR-BEAN TICK. Trodes ricinus Linn. (On man, cats, dogs, cattle, goats, horses, rabbits, ete.) Exursit: Adult and figure. 124 SPECIAL EXHIBIT OF MODELS OF INSECTS AND OF PLANTS AND INSECTS AFFECTING THEM. : YELLOW FEVER MOSQUITO. Stegomyia fasciata Fab. Enlarged model. This mosquito transmits yellow fever and it is now the opinion of the best-posted experts that only through its bite can one contract this disease. MALARIA MOSQUITO. Anopheles maculipennis Meig. Enlarged model. This and other species of Anopheles are the only known transmitters of human malaria.- The parasitic organism causing malaria inhabits the red-blood cells of human beings. — It is taken with the blood into the stomach of the mosquito. There it under- goes a sexual development, reproduces, and the offspring are carried with the mosquito poison into the circulation of healthy human beings. . SALT MARSH MOSQUITO. Culex sollicitans Walk. Enlarged model. This mosquito is not known to carry any disease, but is very annoying at many seaside resorts. THE HOUSEFLY. Musca domestica Linn. Enlarged model. The housefly is not merely a nuisance, but also acts as a carrier of many diseases, especially in the United States of typhoid fever. HESSIAN FLY. Cecidomyia destructor Say. One of the most injurious enemies of wheat in the Northern and Central States. The larva attacks the stem. The average yearly damage to the wheat industry in this country from this insect is $60,000,000. Enlarged models are exhibited of the adult fly, and of an infested stalk of wheat showing the so-called ‘‘ flaxseed” stage of the insect. Two natural-size models are exhibited, one representing a healthy, unaffected young wheat plant to contrast with the same attacked by the Hessian fly; the other illustrating the effects of the attacks of the Hessian fly. GRAPE-VINE TRUMPET-GALL. Lasioptera viticola O. 8. Model in wax of the abnormal growths caused by the sting of a minute dipterous insect not infrequently observed on the leaves of the grape. 125 GRAPE-VINE TOMATO-GALL. Lasioptera vitis O. 8. Model in wax of the abnormal growths on terminal twigs of the grape, caused by the sting of a little gnat. GRAPE-VINE PHYLLOXERA-GALL. Phylloxera vastatriz Planch. Model in wax of the galls produced by the leaf form of the grape Phylloxera, showing their characteristic appearance and disposition on the leaf. SOCIAL GRAPE CATERPILLAR. Harrisina americana Harr. Twigs of grape-vine modeled in wax, showing the characteristic appearance and work of the larve and their method of feeding in uniform rows on the leaf. THE GRAPE-SEED WEEVIL. Craponius inequalis Say. A bunch of grapes, showing damage to the berries by the larvee of this insect; also punctures made by the female beetle in oviposition. THE SILKWORM. Bombyx (Sericaria) mori Linn. Enlarged model of the larva, showing its complete anatomy; the muscles, nerves, trache, viscera, the silk apparatus in its whole extent, the silk-secreting gland, and the gland discovered by Auzdux, which secretes a liquid, the use of which is most probably to convert the silky matter into insoluble threads. In one of the prolegs may be seen the muscles which move the claws and sucking disks which enable the animal to walk with its true feet in the air. Enlarged models of the moths, male and female. In each model is shown the atrophy of the digestive tube and the development of the marvelous organs by which the species is perpetuated. (After Auzoux.) HOP PLANT-LOUSE. Phorodon humuli Schr. Unarrectep Hor PLant.—-A spray of hops, modeled in wax, repre- senting the plant as it appears in vigorous growing condition, and free from the attacks of its principal enemy, the hop plant-louse to con- trast the stronger foliage and the more abundant and larger hops produced by plants from which the hop louse has been eradicated by the use of proper remedies. AFFECTED Hor PLANtT.—A spray of hops modeled in wax, repre- senting the vine as it appears when attacked by the hop plant-louse, showing the blackening and discoloration of the leaves and the small and inferior hops which are also discolored and otherwise unsuitable for market. 126 Wixter Eaes.—Enlarged model of the winter eggs, which are attached by the sexual female to the terminal twigs of the plum, in crevices around the buds. Srem-Moruer.—The stout female plant-louse shown in this enlarged model hatches from the winter egg and is characterized by shorter legs and honey-tubes. It gives birth without the intervention of the male to living young, of which three generations are produced on the plum trees, the last being winged and migrating to the hop. Wincep Micrant.—This enlarged model represents the first winged generation, the third produced on the plum. It instinctively flies to the hop plant and is the progenitor of from five to twelve wingless generations of virgin females, which infest the hop plants until autumn, and are the sole forms which depredate on the hop. In autumn the last generation again produces winged females which fly to the plum trees. — Hor-Arrectine Stace.—This enlarged model represents the strue- ture and appearance of the five to twelve wingless generations of vir- gin females which people the hop plant until autumn. These are the progeny of the winged migrants and are the sole forms which injure the hop. Return Micrant.—This enlarged model represents the last gen- eration produced on the hop, the winged migrant form which in Sep- tember returns again to the plum and gives birth to three or more young, which are the true sexual females, the first perfect sexual females produced in the cycle up to this point. Pura or Return Miarant.—This model represents the pupal stage of the return migrant. The striking features are the wing pads, which with another molt become the ample flight organs seen in the model of the adult. Trur Sexuan Fremate.—This enlarged model represents the gen- eration born of the return migrant, which never acquire wings and never leave the plum tree. Maturing in a few days, according to the temperature, they are fertilized by the true winged males which have been subsequently developed on the hops, and have come from the hop fields to the plum. Shortly after fertilization the winter eggs, like those with which the cycle started, are deposited. Youne Sexuan Femaue.—This enlarged model represents the newly hatched stage of the only perfectly developed sexual female produced in the life cycle of this insect. Wincep Maur.—This enlarged model represents the first and only male generation produced in the life cycle of the hop-plant louse. This is developed in the autumn, and flies from the hop to the plum and fertilizes the true sexual females. 127 CHINCH BUG. Blissus leucopterus Say. Tue Eaes.—This enlarged model represents the form of the egg and the terminal cap. The eggs are three-hundredths of an inch long, the top being squarely docked and surrounded by four round tubercles near the center. Color from pale whitish to amber. First Larvat Srace.—This stage, represented enlarged in this model, differs from the adult in being more elongate and in having two-jointed tarsi, the head broader and more rounded and the joints of the body subequal. The prevailing color of the whole body is red. Sreconp Larva StaGe.— After the first molt the form represented in this enlarged model is assumed. The red becomes a brilliant ver- milion and contrasts with the pale band across the middle of the body, while the head and prothorax are dusky and coriaceous. Two broad marks appear on the mesothorax and the second, fourth, and fifth abdominal sutures, and one at the tip of the abdomen. Pura.—The pupa shown in this enlarged model approaches still more nearly the form of the adult, and is not unlike the last larval stage except in being darker and in the appearance of wing-pads, which extend almost across the pale basal abdominal joints. Tue Imaco.—The mature insect which is represented enlarged in this model is elongate, blackish, and with numerous hairs, or pubes- cense. Its length is about three-twentieths of an inch. The outer wings are whitish, with a strong distinctive black spot. THE SAN JOSE SCALE. Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. Ten enlarged models are exhibited illustrating the life cycle of this pest, which has caused more damage to the fruit industry and been the object of more legislation than any other insect. Its small size and inconspicuous appearance often leave it undetected until the infested trees are beyond recovery. The scale may be killed by fumi- gation or spraying. Enlarged models are exhibited of the first and second larval stages, of the young crawling larva, nearly full-grown larva, male pro-pupa, male pupa, adult male, adult female, and of the half-grown scale, full- grown male scale, and full-grown female scale. THE ASIATIC LADY-BIRD. Chilocorus similis Rossi. Two enlarged models are exhibited illustrating the adult and the larva of this insect, which was introduced by the U.S. Department of Agriculture from China, where it is the important agent in keeping the San José scale in check. 128 THE CODLING MOTH. Carpocapsa pomonella Linn. Four enlarged models illustrating the life history of this insect which is the cause of the ‘‘wormy apples.” The damage from it in this country is estimated at $11,000,000 annually. Models are exhibited of the /arva and of the adu/t moth; and also an enlarged section of a pzece of bark, cut so as to show a cocoon and pupa of the codling moth beneath it, and an enlarged section of ‘*wormy” apple showing egg, young, and mature larva and their work. DoD? THE MEXICAN COTTON BOLL WEEVIL. Anthonomus grandis Boh. Enlarged model. This insect is a native of Cuba and Mexico; upwards of ten years ago the weevils crossed the Rio Grande near Brownsville and have now spread over nearly the entire cotton belt of Texas. Its rapid extension, great destructiveness, and the unusual difficulties in the way of its control have caused grave fears for the future of the cotton industry in the United States. The Federal Gov- ernment has this year appropriated $250,000 for combating this insect. THE HONEY BEE. Apis mellifera Linn. Enlarged models, reproducing the insect in six different forms— queen, male, wax-worker, worker, bee with propolis, and the bee with pollen. In these are shown the external and internal characters which distinguish each type. Also a model of a comb in the same propor- tion, in which are seen the cells for honey, for pollen, and for the eggs to produce queens, drones, and workers, with eggs, larvee, and pupe in different stages of development. (After Auzoux.) THE EUROPEAN COCKCHAFER. Z Melolontha vulgaris Fab. Model of the perfect insect enlarged twelve times, showing the muscles, nerves, trachea, and viscera, each model separable into as many pieces as there are organs. More than 600 detailed objects are shown, each indicated by a corresponding number. FLUTED SCALE. Tcerya purchasi Mask. Model in wax of a twig of orange infested with the fluted scale (leerya purchasi) copied directly from nature, the actual scales being transferred to the model plant. Illustrates the characteristic appear- ance of the infested plant. Mopet or NONINFESTED OrANGE.—The model in wax contrasts with the one representing the characteristic appearance of infested plant. Illustrations from the publications of the Division of Entomology, representing the different stages of the fluted scale and its principal enemies. 129 AUSTRALIAN LADYBIRD. Novius ( Vedalia) cardinalis Muls. (Principal enemy of the fluted scale [ /cerya purchas’|.) Enlarged model of the adult of this insect, the introduction of which from Australia has effected what was impossible by any other means— the practical annihilation of the fluted scale in California. Enlarged models showing structure and characteristic appearance of the larva and pupa. IMPORTED CURRANT WORM. Pteronus ventricosus Klug. This wax model of a currant branch illustrates the work of the imported currant worm. For extended exhibit of the insects affect- ing the currant see regular economic cases. PLUM CURCULIO. Conotrachelus nenuphar Hbst. The work of the plum curculio on the fruit of the plum, apple, pear, cherry, and peach is illustrated by models. For full details as to the work of this insect see exhibit in regular economic series. Young apples and pears, a twig of cherry and a branch of peach with ripening fruit, and twigs of plum with green and ripening fruit, illustrating the effects of punctures by the female curculio, are shown. THE ‘‘KISSING BUG.” Reduvius personatus Linn. Enlarged model of one of the group of true bugs, generally known as ‘‘assassin bugs,” which of late years have acquired a certain news- paper notoriety through their supposed preference for the human lips. They feed on other insects, which they pierce with their strong beaks; some species are frequently found in houses, attracted by light, and they may, if they believe themselves in danger, accidentally or in defense, pierce the human skin with their beaks, causing a painful wound, and often blood poisoning through the introduction of the germs of putrefaction. ORANGE RUST-MITE. Eriophyes (Phytoptus) oleivorus Ashm. Wax models of oranges, showing work of the orange rust-mite. THE PARASITE CAUSING MALARIA (ASTIVO-AUTUMNAL FEVER). Plasmodium malariz. Twenty-nine enlarged models, illustrating the life history of this parasite in the blood of man and in the mosquito (Anopheles). The models exhibited show: Development of spores in the blood of 3600—No. 47—04 9 130 man; development of ‘‘crescent” in the blood of man; development of ‘‘gamete” in stomach of mosquito; development and fertilization of “zygote” in stomach of mosquito; development of ‘‘zygote” in stomach wall of mosquito; ‘‘zygote” filled with ‘‘blasts” and ready to burst: free endospores, free blasts, and spermatozoa. RIKER MOUNTS SHOWING LIFE HISTORIES OF INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. Eight-spotted Forester. White-Marked Tussock-Caterpillar. Alypia octomaculata Fab. Hemerocampa leucostigma 8S. & A. Grapevine Hog Caterpillar. Lunate Looper. Ampelophaga myron Cram. Homoptera lunata Dru. Stigma Moth. Fall Webworm. Anisota stigma Fab. Hyphantria cunea Dru. Spring Maple Worm. Fall Army Worm. Anisota rubicunda Fab. Laphygma frugiperda 8. & A. Maple Dagger Moth. The Army Worm. : Apatela americana Harr. Heliophila ( Leucania) unipuncta Haw. Io Moth. Apple Tent-Caterpillar. Automeris io Fab. | Malacosoma americana Harr. Calleta Silkmoth. The Baltimore. Callosamia calleta Westw. Euphydryas phxton Dru. Prometheus Silkmoth. Parsnip Butterfly. Callosamia promethea Dru. Papilio polyxenes Fab. Chainspotted Geometer. Spice-Bush Swallowtail. Cingilia catenaria Cram. Papilio troilus Linn. Hickory Horned Devil. Cynthia Silkmoth. Citheronia regalis Fab. Philosamia cynthia Dru. Cranberry Spanworm. Semicolon Butterfly. Cleora pampinaria Guen. Polygonia interrogationis Fab. Yellow-Necked Caterpillar. Gipsy Moth. Datana ministra Dru. Porthetria dispar Linn. Roller Worm. Tobacco Worm. Eudamus proteus Linn. Phlegethontius quinquemaculata Haw. Brown-Tail Moth. Jorulla Silkmoth. Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn. | Rothschildia jorulla Westw. Large Beautiful Woodnymph. | Orizaba Silkmoth. Euthisanotia grata Fab. Rothschildia orizaba Westw. Mourning Cloak. | Polyphemus Silkmoth. Euvanessa antiopa Linn. Telea polyphemus Cram. Oak Tussock Caterpillar. The Bagworm. Halisidota maculata Harr. Thyridopteryx ephemerxformis Steph. Social Grape Caterpillar. Luna Moth. Harrisina americana Guér. Tropxa luna Linn. 131 ORTHOPTERA. Walking Stick. The Soothsayers or Rearhorses. Anisomorpha buprestoides Stél. (Chinese and American Species. ) Katydid. Paratenodera sinensis Sauss. and Stag- : : momantis carolina Burm. Microcentrum retinerve Burm. COLEOPTERA. Asparagus Beetles. | Elm Leaf Beetle. Crioceris asparagi Linn. and C. duo- Galerucella luteola Mall. decempunctata Linn. HEMIPTERA. SEVENTEEN- YEAR Locust. Tibicen septendecim Linn. SILKMOTHS. THE JAPANESE SILKMOTH. Antherxa yamamai Guér. Exuipit: Cocoon, adult, and figure. THE I0 MOTH. Automeris io Fab. Exursit: Larva, cocoon, and adult. THE ANGULATED SILKMOTH. Callosamia angulifera W1k. Exuipit: Adult. THE PROMETHEUS SILKMOTH. Callosamia promethea Dru. Exursit: Larva, cocoon, and adult. THE CYNTHIA SILKMOTH. Philosamia cynthia Dru. Exuisit: Adult. THE GIANT INDIAN SILKWORM. Attacus atlas Linn. Exutpir: Adult. THE CECROPIA SILKMOTH. Samia cecropia Linn, Exursitr: Cocoon, adult, and figure. THE COLUMBIA SILEMOTH. Samia columbia Sm. Exurpir: Cocoon and adult. 132 THE PACIFIC-COAST SILKMOTH. Samia rubra Behr. Exuarsit: Larva and adult. THE POLYPHEMUS SILKMOTH. Telea polyphemus Linn. Exuipir: Cocoon, adult, and figure. THE LUNA SILKMOTH. Tropa luna Linn. Exuipir: Larva, cocoon, and adult. MISCELLANEOUS EXHIBITS. SILEWORMS. The rearing of silkworms will be conducted on a small scale through- out the summer. Eggs will be kept in cold storage, so that all stages, from the egg to the full-grown larva spinning its cocoon, may be seen at any time during the season. LIVING INSECTS. By means of aquaria, vivaria, and other forms of insect cages living insects will be on exhibit, feeding on their natural food plants and under- going their usual transformations. Some of the more important economic species injuring cotton and apple will be reared on growing specimens of these plants. In the smaller aquaria may be seem stages of some of the species of mosqui- toes frequenting St. Louis and vicinity. There will also be exhibited one box illustrating the methods of mounting insects for shipment and for permanent preservation in col- lections; also numerous photographs showing spraying machinery, reeling of silk from cocoons, silk machinery, etc. INDEX Page. REPO (OUCUCUR)iJc.c05 caw eiteon eco vces ime 45 abbotii: (Sphecodina)............:.......... 39 MN PMSUIGHt: 5S 5 2c once ssateadessde saccce te 91 abdominalis (Coccinella) .............-..--- 18 abdominalis (Holeocephala) .............--. 48 Aciniitd=Klinophilos:..:. 42 PUPAL HE (PUM EICIN Ws Sin onlin Solele clelce weathuiacdues 26 LIDIOS CMBCTODGRIB),.\.'./.0.s 2-42 acedeennenss 93 We RUM CBR retin t. Un tent ak eet hens Boone 62 SO Cs 2 a SES ane ee 90 CRORE LL ed nlickid ede oe a 28 PERCE = BIR DONNIE, Gio ie onleiee ah on ww nnn eens « 42 LOCLED: CXELON Gli aie pn con wns wa Waxlwun ene 28,48 RONEN ihatinlb a's whine wantin a ea 10, 19, 67 JU A ESS a ee Se ce 26 PERERA, aim oon h awa ehh kaniwbe haan 4am 115 OSS eens eis Sect 24, 36 CONE RENIN oldie, ww chin dor mim, wa ws eel el 115 NINA I i acs ot a sha wie pinta ane nie aoe aaa 104 PERO seals ofa u's winx cc aww acevews.c'een ee -«- 40,130 SERRA gah a eres ile nc woe as eke asna 18 ELS ONTINEL picks cnc nx acwecse'ed Rice u theeehite 123 mmericana (Apatela)...-.............0-.00- 130 americana (Harrisina) ................ 40, 125, 130 americana (Malacosoma) ............-- 24,35, 130 americana (Meromyza) ..................-- 60, 65 americana (Periplaneta).................-. 116 americana (Schistocerca)................ 43,55, 61 TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. Page. americanum (Amblyomma) ............... 123 americanus (Syrphus) .....-......-.-----..- 63 americanus |(TADRNUS)) ~~... sc-ce-accccacne 121 AMIIMORMUIAAHe +b) eka oan tears sn ee shee 49 AMMDNCISDRAGH Lone eactoletcsaresetene esos 39, 130 AMPOIGPMIIA. = 22, - sun aoe weet eee eee ewe= 117,118 ATA INGCELUS:: 22s 5secccscacceontecwssserenne 37,38 Amphisa=Coelostathma .........-.--...-.-. 69 LUNN OT ia ee 2 eA Oe SES ee ere ee eet 62 ADENINE Sows sae dee eaen nee fen ne oe teas 69 ATISUBRID) CERES cose Gh fete alti ac ded ames A aN 3 asters 29, 36 PAUE EEE Ses AS BE se SS SESS eh oa ace ere 98 PTE A RO eS ee eee eee 25, 63 COTE E() go, 0 RS eR ee eon roe 97 YAS Sa a ee 23, 107, 109 HUBV MBs tess Sik eee ae oe etee 16, 21, 30, 33, 105, 110 Angerona=Xanthotype....-..-----.-.-.-- 104, 111 QUT ARID pe eo eas es a one wet ae ne 131 RU PURUROUN =265 = hace ct toednnaGs dane cees sens 78 ARSON ED DG seca oe cae eee ene ae ee eee te 9,131 Anisopteryx=Alsophila, Paleacrita ......... 24, 36 AIRE ph siee week bh t eee Est osecaseees Py ht BROS « 56.5. spaa= an onewopuecoacbencecen 58, 81, 87 PNR oe stars kama bere eee Ames naine ews a saan 42 Higgs WTEC) UPR Alp tebhd | 21S aeieig Opie Sete pe 91 PSL cer ei ere BRE ee et tel ane 119, 123 BUMMER, cess tet ocs anew ae coeaes au cbae sa soam 26, 28 Anobium. See Sitodrepa. PANIONIBI 6 coc arewueecantanns cemeantnsdewe ote 40, 45 HOMO etic cace coun want dre tees hae aaa 62 BUOM GMa cn dsccccvecktatt acaaus sanctus 52 (\na ) ules VLE ERB ER SE ERE Ee Ore ee Ree Pe 118, 124 POA URUME Ss cu conte saeco dada a cmt nak cae nea 27 WUUVAXNOVON sadce ce ccuswucuundesuwcch seamen 4d ATOR ast ily coals ccd ddndsddwuoue duus me ie 131 | Aythonipa=PesOM Ye osc ice cc cacasbscacen 49, 91 PALIONONIUS . wu des ach dum ens 27, 32, 42, 107, 128 PROTOS o dad deed ewincededeetusde dae a 118, 17 WO Dede tan ca wea sae nee a te a he 130 aonidum (seeChrysomphalus fieus) ......... 17 PELUCROR tak aidan ila se nase ssc hue a het 28 POLLO deck actu sicher did aw'ar eicin ee 45, 52, 58, 71 PN fdas un daunahuuduauanwmeaned 71, 107, 108, 130 IIIS SEA a atta dunn am Maman tam so ae eae 17,19 Ase Vale ehh Ws eer 10, 25, 35, 42, 50, 55, 91 Aphis=Macrosiphum, Siphocoryne. PAMOOIO cb dead nash sacs asaneeannee 62 DIO MARINI Dunn S caBeEt 4 ua oanuas ceuenceennem 47 Deal eae uaawediels = wine clu ccquwces cans x 1238 PENOUOGIUN aes ca eV aes ons chvsnnnasaeidsens 7 PDI Ce i dah ie b wise on ataenees nas sass 7,102 SOUR ee diane ke ckadstwrdehucneecmans 23, 69 IOI IE IURES as wan ah watineu add ade ne 42 CUM Ete ge hee a de kk ened iu Packendecdunaas OO) LOD BEUISA Cains wands dwid ade wedadddddnene 77 134 Page. ANCA ANANLCSISS< 2c ae acct sacicc elena 45, 52, 58 JAC GC AR Remo pene Se SA CSO DESDE CESS SOCTS AORSCOaD 123 PINE) ERegernaucimucosnesondemppcodoncess sgoc005 52 BTPIUN ACCS ooa-h cee cee ee jasaeeeiseemeeeeeee ss 42 OT SUN cee doi ot eee eens wists eioeemetterecs & 95 SATUS: Ses odd cee nic oro sissies’ ials 47 IATISTOCCIION ccs Since see ote eae eee eee. sicicis 69 armiger =Heliothis obscura..... 41, 56, 81, 86, 96, 97 AMMIS CLA occse swes ese e eee acess 99 OTMOTACIR) else seianicie ce eee 7 cresphontes=Papilio thoas ........---------- 8 (ul STHUOS US) SAAeepoetoorsacecec oc acasecdessue 51 COMM CENISe cose. asec meee orien eceieio 97,181 CHITA US. cha atceemectien es ceceeeseseeaeeei 47 YOR ATMA 2s vae Se aoe eee eon eee ee eoee 104, 111 cruciferarum=Plutella maculipennis. ...--- 89 Cryptocephalus sacs cces saeeec ecco eee 46, 109 Ctenocephaluss\s.)s2escseocie eee see ee soe 119, 122 CuGUMETIS! | Lo oad scandal eeee neice 79, 94, 99 cucurbite (#geria) = Melittia satyrini- TOUS 22 ota Mere pe ars = ac els selec see Sie eeetaiete 98 Culex eae onset ee ceretiece nea decree se 119, 124 Miles=StCLOmMmVlatess cca fet ecee cere eee res 118 CUMCR Se seehe skies desea: 25, 35, 108, 1380 CULCIUMOMIS Asians ae cemiceicacincissoeaeinaccnierees 32 (COME Eas Senn eee ann AARA aan rSBArapeare 94 Cylim Arica e jane core te oe siteulsicctaoe aemacineee 63 Cymatophoras--t fs. hac sceecisec eect eee eee 110 Cymatophora—“"ctropis -.------..-- 5-222 --5- 70 CyMPhignees chee ce see eee cee ne ce eee 130, 131 Dactylopius=Pseudococcus.....--------. LOMAS Daria ss tscencse cece le cotee mene one 18 DaSyMNeuTa. 1 ss ceetinioceceetisieece cose ene 74 DAtAM A) oo. dciesecliswsicnescceeacoclosiiesceee er 130 debilisi(Solenopsis)!scasesseenenecee seo eeeine 50 debilis|(Chalcis) Sse cscsen-2.- ----+-- se eeeeeesecee 24 lpelongatan(Systena))/-2- <2 -scecciee se = eee 46 Clongatustss aes eee sae eee eee eee 92 igkimiplethis; 22 =o 32s ere .c- see aceeeee ae ene 77 Hmphybus! ys tkasseaeseeseeseecese aerate 102 Einprevig—SibIN 6 =e eescesneeee ene eee 8, 52 BM ATMNVOMITS S255) . Gs ae ete ae ee ON meio Se 48 CRs 0) ol it: ee ee ee TA RCA aR cer 58, 70 Eriocampa=Eriocampoides .........----.-- 31 . 73 | Page. TOPICS LUN 5. wsic wae «ode de cwida ee aue < -clccc cie.oe ene cae 131 Parenthesise cis -- cee cee comse aes aee ee Reece 63 Parlatoria: -.o.sccs. 2c0-- crease see eee 13,18 PaTryulasugis. vse okie case ewceec ews seeee sere 82 WEN AIDE RoR oobaedo ooo se sesocKossedesooresnse 51,59 Pasimachusscscaasee sere seecee eee nee 92 PECTOTENISE jee peels ee ee eee eee eee 86 yore wend dba = ae nS ae Saoecossogesesdocce 119, 120 iPedICUIGIM eS Sa. = seems enmieo ence eee eee 27 Pedicullsy is cme ceiinia ase ss == aes 120 IAEOMONE an AAoonpageegoo 5 saSOcdo SS 305 49, 75, 91, 101 pelligmelllas-. soo. sac eee e eee eee eae 117 Mel lwetd aero o erets\= =e satel ae =o dae ee eee 62 penicellUss- eee sateee see e eee 78 pennsylvanicus (Chauliognathus) ......... 26, 32 pennsylvanicus (Epicauta) ....-........ 56, 80, 93 PEMUAL ONE toemicc ce cecineesa ese eee eee 15, 34 Penthina=Olethreutes..........-...2-cceen 73, 102 PeTEANG elie peeeeetcecte does at eeeee eee @-- 2-38 RETIGTOMa SR eace ere Series aco 58, 60, 66, 71, 76, 81, 88 Periplanetacs. 20.5 csc sce comectisceeee ears 116 Permplaneta = Blatt ace cc .ae- ieee ees 116 periscelidactylus =... sarees einem seins 40 Perithemis tics. cseecccn eece aoe 47 PELMUNG AMA? weasel oaae ese acceso ese eee 107, 108 PETUININ GUSH ae eae ee esis ee eee 47 PELNICIOSUSS= ences ese cess 17, 21, 30, 33, 110, 127 DOTSICE aio ose Colce’srateis sie cle wislciniotole aie sielele eyes 30, 32 DETSIC2-NIS Chae aseimcisie sl asteieiasiee eieeeae eee 35 (ER OMENNDE) Ga soa Seoocbeosoessoosseccondsess- 129 POTbiNn aR Ads sac, scicleisisseet oes ece es see eee 51 PHONE cesses eet eiee eee eee 130 IPS TUES arse eletsinia ol ntels sine leleinicieere aicleteieeet einen 121 pharaonis 2.2 ccs ces sec ctecmcccses se seeeee 117 Pharaxonothal.- <4: cccscececelecesss sesenere 113 philadelphica: 2. ...t2ics-cceesess sopecenees 48 Phailmpelis— PHOS ieee tcecaiaaiscce puotdSS 39 philodice)..2. 22h ccossetwe acco ccss sess cceeee 72 Philosamigs.cesscece<-02 - scececesmeriacst 130, 131 Phiegethontivsereess-sc-c6 sccenacene 80, 94, 95, 130 Phlceopthorus: sae hac seers oink = oc eewraoraesine 29 Phieotribus=Phlceopthorus.........---..--- 29 Phiyeteeniasesasoanecssens oe eee ree 100,102 PROMS oye so pecs sisclose cde shes se ce neeeee 39 = Page. Proctocanthus....... eanwn ea neueanais 100, 130 PERG UNIO ivate ns auddaussseduaelewcaldes tad 24, 86 SRREOOUCUA sie vox cudken dive ecogwnduneceds-e eer essen » 86 spherocephalus <--<-<22erceseeee- === eae 123 Spherophoriai- 22. .s-- o-1 0 ses ee eee ee 63 SpPHECOGINgee cae. - seas amies eee See 39 SPHENOPHOrUs =. ccs 26 2 =e eae 51, 57, 59, 63 Sphragisticus {22 -o-secse eee ee meee 77 Spilochalcis=Chalcis.........-....---------- 2 Spllocryptus 2-2 oar - cece tne cena 49 Spilosoma=Diacrisia....--.--.-2-...-.--- 45, 52, 85 BDINMOSUS oo — as eee = ater eseiere tate Cine ele alee aii 92, 97 splendoriferellla <2 oo. eee me oo eee 23 Sy RANUC) Se Aten caseorcdadseccoasasest 55, 61, 62, 74, 75 Stagmomamtis- 2-22. o ose a meatal 47, 130 SLegONyi Ges 1 eee cose ele ee 118 Stephanoderes*: sea eee s- ee aaa 7,20 StiChi Calls een senate salons te eater tteraete 77 Stim a seeceeseeesc cess sccein seme siete eerie 130 Stimul Caos sees ew ceises sce ee eee 8, 52 SHTrétnuStee cease ccs ie Sense ee eae eee 97 Stizus—Merastizus.< <2 .ccecece seenme seme 27, 29 yw Page. 118,121 aaa sett erences 101 sic eat Se ee er 32 arte = See ee mee 115 BER ew co's sp omsis seman 53, 85, 88 ee eo a an ve nace ce dated 88 EL TOL a: A ee oe A 24 BEPIIIOHUS Neca soe occ v ede anmaendddaes 56 Ce Pe pe i RRA 47 BREE ont 6 oS a ee eee 45 RNIB a 3 anal vcge a ven Cuaiten Kaen an 69, 98 supernotatus ....... PEE SEM RS Ae 110 SMEMRIIRITOUMI ec Spaces wi as ahicie'ee sacs dans «op 112 BURTON UR Wo cts ac caaacdss'ek 2orenidens ain 10, 42 PULOL Os awate enw < avec vces dese wnmnnn 109 PRE aa atan aia stata dd he ceo ao ne be Se nc 26 aE MORO IL EI ft eia aa nk e San «cc's anaes 49 CLS CL est ee ee ee ae 63 CST Sane ES ee ee a 46, 79, 84 MCA ee entre az ae ca otecens eens acca3e 82,101 by ta CTW EU Si Ree yl nS en lie 121 0S Ona pee aie See a eer 121 WN en en ao aah canes cevice nace sk 28, 62 TEEN Taxa ara ems aco unse.nc cdc ssccwaecceuss &4 RUMEN grain iets acids coe 4 acct sae decal 117 MERIT ie Soden a yc aats clan ace wale deere 113 “OC tL rs 2 alta Sri igs ECE Ee aa Oem aaa 130, 132 UNESP LILI RSS = EY See a ly 26, 66 ON a on ol olen apne t 9 0t< ante Gases Jaa 113 SME INC MUMERS te Soy ts win ana ok ape so mce ae 113 Tenodera=Paratenodera ..........---s...-- 131 SIREN RIS oon tay ws ono o'wa'swa ween stecels< 9 PNM ARON Oh ton Soc as nods nine ttees aes 23, 104 Pe EISILRCN As 5 acs Scion > os na won'e eee os 73 Termes=Leucotermes .............-...-. 103, 116 EE EE oe a wietinc a sus se ctueb es aeawen 49, 63 RTE ee ie ow watgs aohc tak Seu edecue ci 83,114 TLDS Sh eed a is Ie Sipe |e Eee ae eee 47,92 SPREE RONCUCOS re daca arvacaad aces aceasess 9 SPRUE PINON SS) oe desnsn ns ewes ca adecneee 9,108 SNES tees ets snore ata wn dan Dnea Sane awe 44 texana=Cassida pallidula .................. 92 texana (Helluomorpha).................... 47 eli eye a aE SE SA oo ey eae te 105 OO as a oR 3 I eo se a 42 IEE CISTI LOR «9's cca tian eGh hs «wi sailee ce 86 ROOBG ... <5 ening «a Geese ee < Gs oa a 8 PRISE <5 va sed a «iv see padre doen weel aoc 48 EDOM cies nds a8 conan bande Rod ene 72 MEI Sagi cceis cas nctNiae carte ake ee eee 67, 82, 101 fmyreua=Sphecodina. ......2.-ecesccaacsses 39 SRIRUMREEI LONG Xe ioc as ncn anaucynononwens 8, 25, 36, 130 BIE LEME O DEUS)! ai. .xovnnbucmceadeeces be 107 MOREE CLAMMOKIN) ....cccnsubscaasdeusen.s 77 Ean cn vnasenevcsmdeemdad 21, 27, 29, 131 CEI SEUS 15 «kv auecsoaeoecntansbeceen eta 24 eM eae ors kx gin se sind SU aalucaa sbueee 111, 117 Tinea=Trichophaga, Tineola EME EE Ale ees ascacedens Tacs adiaes wes 117 SRR N tre tee on kc aa nc cdecccaceueate 60 Reet te ns oat once naqachwadnea 110 CU 2 mem 24 RE MINER aires Wale adateens-suqecceepaa = 22, 36 tomentosus (Epitragus) .................... 8 tomentosus (Podabrus) .................... 63 tortricid, undet., under apple skin......... 27 148 Page. Tortriz, Dichelia=Epagoge. REVO VRUR: ot leh weiss an bosd oot oe ea 57 URINE os tac a bones av oadaees dees 79 medscempiunctata...........2c @ (Co nee a eee eee Se 86 Beautiful wood nymphs. (Large and small.) (See Wood nymph.) OCUUR gsca cp Ee ats can eed deca dams peat 120 GEG HONGY a ccebbeee saute s ash rae Cee 128 GSU GRY WOON sls oti n nw ere ncn mite ho eee oe 76 ONO 0 sacs ctl sown ek nee eee 76 DORTOR OR OMINY EN ania Satan clea pe ene e wees 7 Beetle. (See under &mbrosia, Asparagus, Bark, Blister, Cucumber, Flea, Flower, Grain, Pine, Leaf, Pota- to, Spider, and Tortoise beetles.) RIB URe reek st eee a ahipeenas ox 116, 120 GUIDING eis dwychan apace means sa vane 118 Carpe) NIAOKs.chcmus shee sue wasee 113 GARNI. G saa aetunnubeessnmacekin esa 100 CIPRTOGIDcovicrccn ssh neds eetace sce 83,114 Gi BGRG ee Ee alae a ushe cece lnc. 83,114 GUM, IGGK seo ee sc wes ececesce 131 flower, GAlLIGeia esis cesses ds 108 TGIUNGE bap SUMe te nocd ane wie dene 117 ON a a 2 Ee ge ee 50, 59,79 PO CUR ERICE fake ns nie madi ed ere 90 PE Ne ar has adv a senses 45,113 snout, imbricated ........... 26, 67, 78, 84 CRON S oie nace ec ven sbenneudne 57 145 Beetle; ticer, Carolings=.22-.0--6- 2c IB -pugp i blUe- BYES! <= ventas tl= eos amelie ‘ GallOUSEC ze eee as =n = eee eae clay-colorediees 25. 4-=--o- sees COLD, NOTUREnUEeE. . 4. 1-- 52 -secseae heNAClOUSEeteeee a a= eee ae eee Black aphis of violet. (See Violet.) beetle. (See Cockroach.) blister beetle. (See Blister beetle.) bordered yellow. (See Butterfly.) carpet beetle. (See Carpet-beetle.) eutworm. (Seé Cutworm.) gadfly. (See Gadfly.) gooseberry borer. (See Gooseberry.) legged tortoise-beetle. (See Tor- toise beetle. ) peach-aphis. (See Aphis.) seale. (See Scale.) striped, ear-fly. (See Ear-fly.) gad-fly. (See Gad-fly.) Blackberry gall-maker...........-.-------- Blister-beetle, ash-gray.........--.--- 68, 79 PVC K ek cme ceiee see creas 50 CTOW oo a S5er Se nceicce ce mens STAN Sa eect naeramtsise ee aieete 56 INUbtal Se ese ae ace ee 63 SPORUCG ae cee ier erasierat Striped eer wse.eeosecenee 56 MAMIieKegonncace on aotoceoaaeue Mlle we pCaAl tose salsa aae sean Blood-red ladybird. (See Ladybird.) SUCKIN PE ICONE-NOSE. eee estetacse asia Blue-grass bill-bug. (See Bill-bug.) spangled peach-moth ........-..-.-.- Body louse. (See Louse.) BOS US POtAtO!DCC DIC ieee ace nea eee see Boll, cotton, cutworm. (See Cotton.) weeyil. (See Cotton.) worm. (See Cotton.) IBOOKSIOUSC eet esate. eis senate eerie ieine Borer. (See wnder Apple tree, Cane, Clover, Corn, Currant, Gooseberry, Grain, Grape, Peach, Raspberry, Squash-vine, Stalk, Stem, Strawberry, Sugar-cane, Sweet potato. ) Bot-fly, horsereccsescemeteee cae eects tae Mexicantiee. reset ie aceste eens sheep... 4-iicseeeen tee sneao see oee 150) Pal 0 >: eS es, ee ete aes uses ote seems Broad-horned flour-beetle. (See Flour- beetle.) nosed grain weevil. (See Weevil.) Bronzed cutworm. (See Cutworm.) Brown aphis of violets. (See Violet.) dung fly. (See Fly.) fruit chafer. (See Fruit.) leaf-hopper. (See Leaf.) spider beetle. (See Spider beetle.) tail moth. (See Moth.) Bud! moths eye-spotted! =... .... jessecece se MODAGCOM.---\\'.- acetic Bucculatrix. (See App!te tree.) Buffalo. (See Gnat, Tree hopper.) “Buffalo-moth.’’ (See Carpet-beetle. ) 146 Page. 47 51,59 52 51, 63 51 51 108 , 83, 98 , 80, 93 93 .80, 88 80, 94 , 80, 93 93 119 22, 36 | 97 | 102 81 Page. Bug. (See Bill-bug, Plant-bug, Squash bug.) buflaloy sizes se sessises 6 coe ce eee eee 117 Chin Cheeses sees eee 55, 63, 77, 127 clouded ‘pig weed =. 22-2 ss-4sceceeeeeee vi CLOLOD (a cierie aie < nee ee eee eee 116 false Ghinchisan2-5- 25-6 2e-o tena eee 78 harlequin\cabbages.-2-a.-2-2s-eeseere 89 Hissin g)s« <..wcdsinstraes eset e Ae 129 IN GAL noe sde dies aso eee 10, 11,138 military 22 chee secs eee eee 77 meero; little; Soke. es feces eee eee 101 purslane ssf stoaseece eee e ce ee eee 77 red (Dysdencus) i> -2 225-8 eee 10, 42 red (Geptus) 23. --22 --~ +a e see 120 Sandy SrOUN = 32.0%) < eect Hg Wheels. .€ Jjeccwe asco ee oteeee a on eee 47 Butterfly, American copper...........-..-- 72 Baltimoresser eee wees 130 black-bordered yellow........... 72 cabbage, large. -2. 1. eee see 87 cloudlessisulphurs--- see ceeeeeeee 72 . COMMAS: sae ocean eee 65 COMYUtAS: 2223s aes) eeeee 72 gray COMMA .- 22-2. eee 65 gray hairstreaks: 22a ee see eee 86 little sulphur]. eeecseoe eee 72 MOurMINe=-Clogike sass ns. sess eee 130 northern cloudy wing ........... iz DPALSDip | pte ne ee eee 130 pot herb! soso. eiece es eee eee 87 PIOLNE 3525-5 asso eee eee eee lil semicolons). 0=2ee eee eee eee 66, 130 southern dog-face |.............. 72 spice-bush swallow-tail..-...-.-.- 130 Vellowes wit so ace a eee Tp Cabbage, bug; harlequin 225-2 22-2. -eeesee 83 butterflylange = ease. sence 7 CGUICULIO . 22 .Sac 2 ae cee eee eee 91 flea-beetle, western..............- 90 lOOPE?) 25.8 soe ccet en eee eee 71, 77, 82, 89 leaf-miner, imported ............. 91 MASP OCR E a mnice cronies eee 91 plant-louse'ss- 5-272 108 red-necked(.3 3:keee osseeneeree 108 Ganker-worm), fall. ooe eee 24, 36 SPYING oe ieee er ite areca 24, 36 Carolina. (See Locust, Rear-horse, Tiger- beetle. ) Carpet beetle, black.............----------- 113 CaTTObIDCCTlC i cease seis ote =m i ee 100 MUS b= Free ere tie ete ose apo le etalon et eee 100 Case-bearer, orange. (Sce Orange.) MiStOlsne. ae sae eee eee 22 making clothes moth. (See Clothes moth. 147 Page. Page. * Castor-bean tick. (See Tick.) lover, hay wort {.. ..<.scccsckideen kage 73 | Cat and dog flea. (See Flea.) . leaf midges... .<. caxdaseensaaens 130 WRONG ae Neely hasan ak cee 74 OlANTG HOP: ..; avidemeeresnaascas 8 SPOME DOLE IA sa rs Us eds. seve te 66 purslane ........ Bate Pc 76 WORMNSTCONL. + Fan2 seks aos peae ke 70 BadGle- back... 702 -ccesaminn ide 8,52 | Cockchafer, European...................... 128 Salt marsh... -:...-..< 45, 52,58,85,89 | Cockroach, American ...................... 116 ab Ae a ae, oe eee 9 | Codling-moth (apple worm)............... 26, 128 social grape: ....-.--=.-..- 40, 125,130 | Coffee-bean weevil .................-....--- 7 5 SLUT Ts es ee 8 | Colaspis, grape-vine. (See Grape.) WHHGATSIAIRG: aera cae cs ancien 64 | Colorado potato-beetle. (See Potato.) white-marked tussock .. 24, 28,35,130 | Columbia silkmoth. (See Silkmoth.) WeNOW DORMS. .3- 5, seen e ets = 45,52,85 | Comma butterfly. (See Butterfly.) yellow-necked................. 130 | Commelina owlet-moth. (See Owlet-moth. ) CC Ne ee Re 72,76,90,97 | Common. (See Bagworm, Bean weevil, PMD UOS Ges hon a abnandnbeenaneccaseesc cess 123 Squash-bug, Wireworm.) TRI oad ote Co cin Pie alee es 119,128 | Comyntas butterfly. (See Butterfly.) RIG he AOL tc Besos se ca 123 | Cone-headed locust. (See Locust.) MINOW CN UTAIIG cen k cto seakcestaces 90 nose; blood-suckines= 3.25 9s... 525.) 119 Cecropia silk moth. (See Silk moth.) Confused flour-beetle. (See Flour-beetle. ) WIBIGEU Se CHLGRDIUGN 3 <5 nuns dulce ance eas com 100 | Convex flea-beetle. (See Flea-beetle.) (hy ome eee Se ee ee 100). |) Copper. American ..\..5sk.0n stn ee ee 72 OOUIDEOG HOURS «5. sccencusnctesesccsi ceca, AGN | OOP WP HIRES eas auie on biaa cba reece 55 IMEEM ORO VEE TU bata oon 5 op cts ccd Seas mee 26,56 | eV 0 os f+ jena ok ee ee RARE aa Peep artt 51,52 EPO PCAN COCK. ono coe eee wees ance 128 OBTWOKRE. etd. soos ones 41, 56, 81, 86, 96, 97 yee 5 Cos eee eens ee 45 |e feeding syrphus-fly .........0...02204- 48, 56 POUDIATINUGMW RAT ot sO es ate os 45 leaf-beetle, Southern ................. 46 oO NCE Oe lp ee eae oe 56 TOOVADIUB et eee eee open ate eee 50 Chaff scale. (See Scale.) WED WOMs..s..ceck te see 8 Le 50 Chain-spotted geometer.................. 104, 130 WOME: eet c te tee. 51,67 Chaleis-fly, cloverseed. (See Clover.) BAD-HCCWOC™ cc aut cake de ektons Cee ek 113 Chapin’s apple-leaf sewer. (See Apple.) seed Agonoderis:.<.....\.0f2)--d5. ue 49 Cheese skipper. (See Skipper.) Seedamnaprot:..t.0 bs. sco ue 49 PeLEVRErMIG NASP OL. onc sces ecw bcens ches 30 Ata bOre ns cco) he SA ee 54, 57 UGHL=WERULG xacnare sine Vaid as uy oases 30 Smaller ito eee eee 54 OSIG' 2 SEE eS ee eee ae eit 16, 21, 32, 33 BO Us se been eee. panes oe 101 Chicken tick. (See Tick.) WALO WORN. wut. euch saan ecu oeee 51 Chickweed geometer. (See Geometer.) COUDTINER DIS: Ore tet cc Le ooo kao e 10, 42 IRMGAL DN iivede te sect ss «quan ekws,0e< 55, 63, 77, 127 bollioutworn:s.<- 3. o35.'83525 6 52s 43 aE RS 2 a Oe ee 78 weevil, Mexican ............. 42,128 Chinese mantis (Soothsayer)............... 131 WOkiie a cnckn> eudee 41,56, 81, 86, 96, 97° “Chin” fly. (See Fly.) BO GUI BED once prac sera ween eees 43 Chionaspis, orange. (See Scale, scurfy.) RIRAN Gi Sir scans ncndcagetaten 7a ee 10, 42 Chlorops, beet. (See Beet.) WISIIN da Vop subs weve n wy Reneincee ate ee 42 Chrysobothris, orange. (See Orange.) MOR ons ive cuednk ten eee a ae 48 Cicada, periodical (17-year) ......... 21, 27, 29,131 | Cottony cushion scale. (See Scale.) MERE CEL DOCG 50640 cuh vu Sorted baad. Ade a o's 83 maple seale, (See Scale.) Circular scale. (See Scale.) rose scale. (See Scale.) Clay-colored bill-bug. (See Bill-bug.) SLU rd Loy 2 b a ae EE A's «RROD 86 Clear-winged moth. (See Currant.) Crab louse. (See Louse.) locust. (See Locust.) CUBNN DOR VASRHONG «en ececusu needed suns 50, 59 Climbing cutworm. (See Cutworm.) Cranberry fruit-worm...................... 105 Clouded pigweed bug. (See Pigweed.) PPO ORens cada ae AN ties ob coke 105 Cloudless sulphur. (Sce Butterfly.) ORO ULU eID wattded tka caas dns’ 105 Cloudy-wing, northern..................... 72 IQONGIEEE IR wud du is yond cel de 104, 111 Clothes moth, case-making................. 117 BCR Gri ahahsnks dnc 16, 21, 30, 33, 105, 110 WODUMIM sb wswiuicewides es one 117 | BDOOOTN. onc no nh owen 97, 104, 130 RUE VER PONCUTOUGH Soc cosc wusuesicndvscacwas 67 | worm, yellow-head............. 104 MARE RONRED Sieetir ate tik Wig ue cd din daa tease he «70 OUICROE CRIA ran eins. a onan ceccdupesds 43 filavescent tweeyil................... 68 | Jolt ES Re OSS Cre Ree ae 44 Vit go Ol ee a a 74 RUIN hash ratn on Oude dcuhabeuncns 116 148 Page Cricket; leaf-palpus).isaeneseere se soccer = 43 mole-,,mortherm) sc aoe eee 9 short-wingedice-- os eeee ese 91 SNOW YNIEC2 cases egies oe - 38, 108 Western a5.) sera saeceececen tic 62 Cross-striped cabbage-worm. (SeeCabbage.) Croton bug. (See Bug.) Crow blister-beetle. (See Blister beetle.) Crown-borer. (See Strawberry.) girdler. (See Strawberry. ) moth. (See Strawberry.) Grumpler mascalleaieeasaameceee eee eee 23, 36 Cucumber beetle, striped ....--..-.-----.--- 99 twelve-spotted. 51,67,78,84,97,99 flea-beetle..........--- 79, 94, 99 Curnculioyappleeeesscceseeetee cere een 27 Cabbapece ce e-toc ceeememocece 91 DIMM eee eee ete aise eae 27,32, 129 POW DAL ere scene ecme ees ceee 102 TOSC Pee aee secle cet saise elo eee ne cise 102 Currant clear-wing moth.........---------, 110 porersimporteds=25. essences lala) moths dried.) 6.325852 S ees 112 Stem-boren Nativesass-seecoe oe ae 110 WOLD, Amporteds 5 =see losses 111, 129 NAVe!--ai sae Bees ene 111 Cubworms DEANE aeeenssereesslom sae eee ees 85 ) 0) F: Ke): Gaeta at Het eee ITs ae 53, 81, 88 bronzed) ws. fos sh eles aos Setieee 52,71 Climbing: ).2iyhsssseeaseeseeepieese 25 ClOVER Senos abs e ce ee aactseces 70,77 « Rotton-bollle see iacecseeerie seer 43 dark-sideds i255 ste ee een ee 52,71, 101 GIN BV - oe ots ocak eeceecenaeeee 53, 85, 88 PIESSY =< sco eos ase sesSaeeiteoweer 53, 88 eranulated (5-2 2ncheedeeseete 58, 81, 87 DLCtty. ase s ee ers eee eee eee 81, 98 shagreened sis. 425-1 -Aeteee eee 43, 88 small white bristly .............-- 70 Speckled asipeceene acres teste stain 88 SPO tbed as. esc isle cite omictarirteceene 58, 59 striped) iiess ote scassctschinse. 53, 85, 88 variegated.......- 53, 60, 66, 71, 76, 81, 88 WESLEDI SUID EG ne aeyeiceteteeieiniei saaveaceveansasae 122 1 CC a a ee 65, 124 EEN CIQLOR oo emirate eis bie 118 OMI ae = a gwice sere orienta Sevens ate rats Blais 122 INGUBG 25 ore Sat ot eee a Res aes 119, 124 UCI EE aes oe eee ae eee 118 he) ON) 2 ee ek ee ee ee 101 POD MOM aia ie saw sans ce ea miisicins as dae ate 48 PPL Eh SE eee RSE A PI ees 119, 122 URNS = eens On gd oie Sho s ane IeS xtmce’s ase 118, 121 SUS RPI CERT Ea eae aaa Set AS x Eck Sine 117,118 SURED OMEN, sci. Se ens «Sng win ae ee 122 URES ntact Ses hi pier goin chain Sw 10,19 POUR OONEN ors sais sie one anita wn occ 5d Folder, Chapin’s apple leaf................. 23 PNG MORO. cece eee ote tas woe oe 49 Forbes scale (cherry scale)........... 16, 21, 32, 33 Foreign grain-beetle (See Grain beetle.) Forester, eight-spotted .................-.. 40,130 Four-lined leaf bug. (See Leaf bug.) marked leaf-beetle. (See Leaf-beetle. ) spotted bean-weevil. (See Bean.) MET CePA GRICHI ee. te oe 65 POUR COMATOR OW D0 == 52 2--cancsc- sess 26, 56 A So si eit ate doen ss 29 UST 0] 002) 5) (a Pe 27 (CLL Ree ea ge 30 PIIIUE OTM ae Soak oo < ae acs mci ane 9 SEEN A SOUS eRe Be rah Sas wc cas eae 41 REG DATO DREUC) 26. a nscs5aecs ancsenan 20 WVOAKE S DELI CENIOY Na fares Go.c:e acca: unl ioba 105 BREMEN Patani clare Sa aga Site wr dada wa 27 BORG UIGEO fy occ cine da cs fabio ce 111 Fuller's rose-beetle. (See Rose.) CAI a. eG (oS ee 121 PURG ii. hae Se coe etek (asa 121 PURGR-BUM DOU it bees ide ees one ccc. be 121 LS OG) SR ee Coe ne 102 maker, blackberry ................- 108 Garden flea-hopper. (See Flea-hopper.) webworm. (See Webworm.) Geometer, chain-spotted.................. 104, 130 Chigkweed Ute aun ester e aches 70 German grain-louse. (See Grain.) Gibbous June-beetle. (See June-beetle.) Girdler, cranberry. (See Cranberry.) crown. (See Strawberry.) Glassy cutworm. (See Cutworm.) winged sharpshooter. (See Sharp- shooter.) . Glover's seale, (See Scale.) Gnat, southern buffalo ................... 119, 120 BURR: Seed ana ww ocx Wate oy oka oad awae 120 Golden tortoise-beetle. (See Tortoise beetle. ) Gooseberry-borer, black ..:........:........ 110 Uh Cy ee ears ae 111 BU ORE et aatin own. wo ka Saweekn 110 a UES Un See ee a 113 149 Page. Grain-beetle, for¢ign .....2.....0csecsreence 112 merchant sss. wradusawatel 112 red or square-necked......... 112 BAW TOOTH EG 6 ieocs o ccio pa tee , 112 DOVERAIAIRG bo sales cece ct dan tayo panties 114 TeHt-NOP Peles ce vaaew wa ass fees ape 64 DOUBG On REN eo. cask oh ako oc ae 63 TARO BRM nso t Ona ncn one pites 63 PROTA rier to ae eine hk aa wc potas 63 moth, Angoumols.:..5022.0504- 264. 112 REIS in Gre oe soon On wre = aerate we ae 64 weevil, broad-nosed ...............-- 115 GIANNI WEG V il cpitn ce sets aa 8 hatin ee ee 115 Granulated: cutworm -....2..2..2:.<22-2: 58, 81, 87 Grape caterpillar, social......-.2.--2.ccct 40, 130 i 2077 01 (0] 2 1 ee ae me, ache pe ee LN 41 TeBr-fOlG Gis >) ck sack g odessa ns 40 Phiylloxerg) sc << J-- esses ence te 38 BOA oe nc aee eRe oe 125 RORLGE Gtecke 22m rns See vee eaeteee 16, 38 RECOSWECVINe nes ap owe en sch oan bk te 41,125 WOOL opens Ook okt as ce ae 41 Grapevine'Colaspis. .-- 222202695 ud.- se 40, 67,79 EA nes SS, ka asas ete nG 39 fien-bGenle... 2. sores 40 Dop-eaterpillar...< sas... 4 5s. eee8 39, 139 (Tcl eo) 0) «) -) (ee eC ee 41 PlMMNe-MOihe = fos 2.35 Seesaw roe 40 TOOGNONGE ty eue ned Ae sees 38 POR OMNI oars ota ation soe waco 39 BONUTIN Geta ca nat core ie oe ae 40 TOUIGTOAHL op tae coe woes ee aoe 125 trumpet-@all 5 - << sscccsees on oe 14 Grasshopper. (See Locust.) Rb’) 2 fees ape ees 9 GDAGHNGSS. bs eed ov es bod eee os 44 Grass sawfly. (See Sawily.) WOM, TOVUneMne oo ee cede eee 58 Gray blister beetle. (See Blister beetle.) comma. (See butterfly.) hair-streak. (See Butterfly.) striped greenhead. (See Greenhead.) Greedy scale. (See Seale.) Green bottle fly. (See Fly.) clover worm. (Sce Clover.) traitors. 2o ee eet cs 27 Greenhesd, comimon:<. 22 2... 2.) ete 121 gray-siniped’. 2 0 Ne avec odcee 121 Greenhouse leaf-tyer. Green tortoise-beetle (See Leaf-tyer. ) (See Tortoise beetle.) Gronnd beetle Nery... 22... sccc sce ase awe 46 BUDLGMTAMGRIN < dass oe on occa 17 RAR DOD aces a ania ncc ew Sh aasw ace cah amoeae nn as & 66 PAC eh pa ealteahha oes det nie sae a eet ie eet a7 WHELs a cunlans oS be neue vensin en cum 50, 59, 79, 106 RENO YeO CDi i te onrn neo 0a Betas ae ments 25, 36, 130 Hair-streak, gray. (See Butterfly.) Hairy-faced joint worl .< 21. Joi < eases oo 0a O4 Ham beetle, red-legged .................... 117 BRIODEN 5 Asc aie nhc cok do ne eisirah os 117 Harlequin cabbage bug. (See Cabbage.) Hawaiian sugar-cane borer. (See Sugar- cane.) Hawk-moth, sweet potato................-. ot Ee eI UEE Cape di Lodautuunddens ccna 73 150 Page. Head louse. maggot. Hemispherical scale. Hessian fly. (See Fly.) Hickory-horned devil. (See Caterpillar.) Hippelates fly. (See Fly) (See Louse.) (See Sheep.) (See Scale.) Hog-caterpillar. (See Grape and Orange.) Honey bee.....-.-- 3935 6 oS 55M RE eaeoee 128 Hooded plant-bug. (See Plant-bug.) ILOp STUD wie enema eras ciceinccie = nie BREE 66 Dlant-lousemeteacesecc ccna ' 123 GPUs cecdseccesescenegeceseneneunnens 120 (NB See eee cree sake nade ss 120 OTHG, SUCMIUR =< cots ccee wewneccnses 122 OR PIOUR-TNONEU. sos he note ccc siamese 122 BOM NORCO << << cect res scctwescic 122 Shee) So LOE <8 ee tee 123 Lubber grasshopper. (See Grasshopper. ) Luna silkmoth. (See Silkmoth.) Lunate looper. (See Looper.) Maggot. (SeeApple, Cabbage, Cherry, Corn, Sheep, and Wheat. ) Malaria mosquito. (See Mosquito.) MEDIO SROMINOUN. - e-toc ec cek es cos 130 WORE CONDO’ 2 rds. vec ensbheow assem 130 Margined blister-beetle. (See Blister-beetle. ) leaf-chafer. (See Leaf-chafer.) eine DER tate am amet as scone ein ans 50, 59, 79 co fciacy «Cs Uso Eee ne Sa 59, 84 Meadow worm. (See Worm.) Meal sap-beetle. (See Sap-beetle.) snout-moth. (See Snout-moth.) UR UISVONINS CNM Soo cey. i cule at ewecacsveue 113 EMO Wiad do wiioe en nie ce ews lawn 114 Mealy-bug, destructive... ................... 10,13 FORE -APUMCUh ss J socio te okies dan 11,138 RMAC RLROULY ) rete ae vince Seesice one 10,19 Mediterranean flour-moth. (See Flour.) Melancholy sap chafer. (See Sap chafer.) Melon caterpillar. Merchant grain-beetle. Mexican bean-weevil. (See Bean.) botfly. (See Botfly.) eotton-boll weevil. Military bug. (See Bug.) (See Caterpillar. ) (See Grain. ) (See Cotton.) PPEMIOCUG PINRO WU ere a cake crac novos s 91 Miner. (See Asparagus and Leaf-miner.) Midge, clover-flower. (See Clover. ) clover-leaf. (See Clover.) MORIGS itl eccrt tue sestere decade bas 102 Mite. (See Clover, Orange, Pear.) range (Wults. .vckks sisceteccduutcvesss 9 WGA WUAGOD saw adasess acibeeleeaciguas 31, 37 Mole-cricket, northern ..................... 9 Bhori-WiRGu< eee LOLOL Grange apbianess. ...5i5t seuesaecakees shades 10 CAB TNCGRON ass cin pmen eS wehe ea ewes 9 CORIOHGAN DIN go.5 cane sslnetanahokeosn 8, 12,15 GRY GHODOLIIIS cS baled oe nae paw ane ae 8 dog (hog caterpillar). .............. 8 PRO srk s eax p> iat aan ae 9 DATO MGRON otis wana dus aetitcs wee wie 8 POL ICR Ss cmuhls pala led taltatals mienac els 8 PUSG-TOMCG «cnn pes ied CRE CER NS Oe one eee 9,129 GAWYED - - ccc ccwcnesdeccavvccssecqeus 8 BOON ote tere ve 4 in ede ee 72 WUREE ME ION er eels pin neem naan eed 9 Orizaba silkmoth. (See Silkmoth.) Owlet-moth. (See Cotton-boll cutworm. } GMI. edd Co na skeetss 71, 81,95 BOS DO Gav oe ckewes tataa a enh be dane JhcéGs kee 122 SOMES IE UEORON Sy We Uk cane veaddadechues 122 Ja i ae. re 122 Oyster shell bark-louse. (See Scale.) 152 Page. Pacifie coast silkmoth. Pale-striped flea-beetle. Palm seale. (See Seale.) Pan-American Platypus. (See Silkmoth.) (See Flea-beetle.) (See Platypus. ) Parsley TOOt-DOTErs.). ss clecee eo ees eso 101 Parsnip! Duwhberly oom eeeten se cisiate = oral > 130 leaf-min er cece seniciocenicis = see csis he 100 WeDMWORMiceeace rete dic cin. Seam esis 100 Pea moth impontederseseseecs. oe oceans 87 WEE Vilna secant memcae tec: se eatass 86 Peachiaphismplaekmescea=.-2-cclce seeeeeeee 35 bark-beetle, native...-............-- 29 moth, blue-spangled ...-.....2-.-..- 29 SCE C RR pactects aie ara/ 2b Rac ace eee ee 30, 32 WVGRihd boob hee eee sete aa ocm sce 15, 34 LAREXSY | 010) 02) See AO Sch) Sc 29, 36 BWA MMOUN .). 2 22h ei tec ee eee 29, 36 Pear-blight beetle ¢ ......2222-2.---2s-6ees~ 20, 31 IDlisher-miteré - =. (Lee eee eee 3l Dorer SiNUate s. oo eases eee eee 32 PSY Bia ceid nt terditeta cemenn = Sete eee 31,37 SHOt+DOre? a2 ac os hiewe ee waeacee hese eee 31 1 Fe es te eso mac He ae 31 Resomiya,sbeet-leaticn).yeieee ieee ease Sere 75 Penciled snout-beetle. (See Snout-beetle.) Periodical cicada. (See Cicada.) Phyliira tiger-moth. (See Tiger-moth.) Phylloxera. (See Grape.) Bickle worms pico aee actecite oe ee eae are pete, 98 Rig weed bug, clouded a: -vas-eee sees eee 77 Pin borer (Apple wood stainer) ............ 19 Pistol case-bearer. (See Case-bearer.) Plantebugs Gusk vas = sececee nee ceee sae 44,107 TOUTING ATs Sas sehen cece 68 hooded es see este 10, 78, 109 northern leaf-footed...........- 98 southern leaf-footed............ 10, 44 tarnished esse scseueeeoscee 68,77, 89 timothy 53 Se5- See eae eee eee 60 Plant-louse, (See under Aphis.) Cabbage: 28cets sseceeebeneee 91 GLOVER s6e12 haces seals cs cee 73 MODE ee tease eee 32, 65, 125, 126 Platypus ban-Am ericaniesaascesscueee eee 7 PUMHCURCUMOvssenioeecstascast ee nec acemece Pi ABY) SOUR CT ae tpetcteatatte telat sisters alee tye site 32 Plume-moth, grape-vine....:.....-.-.-..--- Sweet potato. ---2---- see ee 94 Polyphemus silk moth. (See Silk moth.) Rotato beetle; bogus? 2.22222 .e sete cee ae 93 Coloradoea.nceceeesneo eee 92 three-lined! =" epee ee 93 Potatowtalk-weevile.-ess tess none e eek eae 92 VUDSL=WiOPM ce) coe eee eens see 82 Pot-herb butterfly. (See Butterfly.) Pretty cutworm. (See Cutworm.) Pri onus tlLleshonmed ses esecsec acer eee se 37 Prometheus silk moth. (See Silk moth.) Pruner, apple-tree. (See Apple.) Psylla. (See Pear.) Punctured flea-beetle. (See Flea-beetle. ) Purple scale. (See Scale.) urslane: DUS ace cceas see see ee eee 77 caterpillar. £22 soc seeeetioe cee ee 76 Putnam’s seale. (See Seale.) ipyraliciicaulifiowereeccest se ee ceeeee ce eee 90 — oS & Page. Rascal leaf-crumpler. (See Leaf-crumpler.) RaAspberryiCane-poren.. 222 soss- eae a oe 108 leatferoller.. =. .d..)7. 2 ee wee 107, 109 root=borer ‘3.25. :¢ 4 eeeee eee 107 SOWHly 2 2sicbe oneness peers 108 Span WOrm)= 25.2252 4e-eae sees 109 Rearhorse; Carolina. s-2-22-cee eee eeeees 47,131 Chinese. 2. s-ti--eeeeeeeoeee 1381 Red-banded leaf-roller. (See Leat-roller.) Red pus CDySdercus) |. sae en- aerate eeeaeee 10, 42 (Cia) Rep enaseoasesasoossasostAcc 120 Red grain-beetle. (See Grain.) Red-legged flea-beetle. (See Flea-beetle.) ham-beetle. (See Ham.) locust. (See Locust.) necked cane-borer. (See Cane-borer.) shouldered twig-borer. . (See Twig- borer.) spider, two-spotted:.-222-52.--see-eeeee 9, 103 turnip beetle. (See Turnip.) Resplendent shield-bearer. (See Shield- bearer. ) Rbuparbicurculiows.. es cce. ss ose oe eee 102 RIGS STUD ssi iea ots cre Darcie cine sekek eee Cee eee ee 57 stalk-borer 3220. 2435554 e eee eee 57 Water-weevill.o.255- 40sec ee eeeeeeeee 58 W.GGiVileciin Be acbecar pon one Cneaee eee 57 Ringed millipede. (See Millipede.) Robber fly. (See Fly.) Rocky Mountain locust. (See Locust.) Roller worm. (See Worm.) Root aphis, corn. (See Corn.) -borer, clover. (See Clover.) grave-vine. (See Grape.) parsley. (See Parsley.) raspberry. (Sce Raspberry.) Sweet potato, 225. ceccce cee ones 94 webworm, corn. (See Corn.) worm, grape-vine. (See Grape.) Rose beetle; Pullers: 3: =2.52)5- case ee eee eee 7, 102 bud wore: 2 eos 24. shee eee eee 102 chafer. <5: cscs acnctineesemecmereeeee 56 CUTCULION 2. - 2a s2 soon eee oe eee eee 102 leaf-beetle. si... Josddn See ee edek eer 103, 107 SCHIC*... 2i....5 cae cence eete soos eee ee 15, 34 COLIONY, J 202 Sites aoe eee 103 Round-headedapple-treeborer. (SeeApple.) Rust-fly. (See Carrot.) mite. (See Orange.) red flour-beetle. (See Flour-beetle. ) Rusty brown Tortrix. (See Tortrix.) Saddle-baeck. (See Caterpillar. ) Salt-marsh. (See Caterpillar.) Sandy ground bug. (See Bug.) San Jose scale. (See Seale.) Sap-beetle, corn. (See Corn.) meal) 126. sceumemeteisc Gesiceceeees 113 chafer melancholy = e-------ce-e eee 45 Sawitly. eran: peewee eee cele serene 64 PTAPE=VINE |e eee ke eee woe ee Se eee 40 BTASS cs Behe ciasc cok crete aes 64 larger sweet-potato.-.......-.--.-:--- 94 TASDDELL ace =e ieee ee eee eee 108 VlOlet sh ok = ci. sctetetss Hatt Refers 102 Sawtoothed grain-beetle. (See Grain- beetle. ) Page Sawyer, orange. (See Orange.) BLO ASRICA DALE yn nin awe actvcec ene ees on sans 103 PONIES ce et heh a0 te vo.0eh oss han dmn 11,138 RAR tee tgs an o5.5'9 sod ain 11, 15, 22 IRONING LA vec o, a x.cws.o vanes dune ee 12,18 RS cet arate s cons 25.05. «woe eR 13,18 RO tidak x sn aig andy waren 16, 21, 82, 33 COME att srateie ns nie’ ¥ 5:05 SS Pugs pokes 12,17 GOCLONY CUBNION + nccs vases seseeee 10,13 TBD Gc. tee ee ses ee 14, 38 R02 Eee ihe eee AER elie. See 103 GIANUGIVY women's sccirs 16, 21, 30, 33, 105, 110 Topi Corey a 1) 1 ae Se 6 ee eee 103 ROTODGAILINI oo toc ccin ames acs 16, 22, 34 RT OTL AUBIN oot wcn a = «slots a'n ani oe 'dve site 11,14 WO 3 es ae ee 10, 13, 128 WORDGRIN ona cwcccccs hove anes. ane 16, 21, 32, 33 MPIOUGIN: su cae soencn tcaczsovechaseeaes 13,18 CED ene eae eee, Oe ees 16 EES a NO RR te eR RE ee RRO 17, 21,34 bateteeatjo] il: 21g (ol ene ey Smear cna see 11, 14 NGIHG-GHEMENU Von == onc oko nw pe Oe vin bots 15 PORN Us cen ta ae et Pe Coste ss 16 NOU See a oan Os nea ck asioi sae 13,18 TULSA (21 5 ae A eS A ee ee 12,17 oyster-shell bark-louse............ 18, 22, 32 DUAN ETE CP aS ee a ye ee ey ee 17 pact GM RS ator ee Reo ee ea 30, 32 PEDO twa oe ned cated Ghee sade sna 41 Shagreened cutworm. (See Cutworm.) Ca) oh ee ee eS Se ee 122 MOU WIASSOU J. cmemew eels wane enon < 122 MONO 6. svnesacene Came DR AEC nG sere sie'a a's 123 Baws aedva'auw Sa seats wail ya ines 122 Shield-bearer, resplendent ................. 22 Shining excrement fly. (See Fly.) Short-nosed ox-louse. {See Louse.) Shot borer. (See Borer.) Shot-hoie borer. (See Apple.) POU UP UIRGU SS ois on od ad ne ey mene 131 AMORA S rt tac uh oa cenvink ote we ae 130 GROD ee iaes2« ny aa aoe de cea 25 MIT cA cet e aw dice hetinl cemene 131 repel lial. Mae Sk Sa A a 130,131 EVE hea a ae en ee 131 Bulk Moth, JADADCRE. ..- <0 cae waaenehar Seenans 131 TOT CUD: cw cata dod woatenatarethe cea 130 FEDR, 5 oes ashlee bes on epee 130, 132 OTUZA DE wos’ aw saas'nlv's «ninco y aes 130 PEGI G-COHMD xo nanic om Uae peeeae 132 DO] YPUCDIUR sain kine = an a bee 130, 132 MUOQMIGLUBUR oti n in a ce ax as Ss ree 130, 131 POC ORIN 8 oak dane etna meng bia ee bihe 125, 132 PRU WOR AE octets ots oom Soa wwa tia aes 116 mite. (See Lemon.) Sinuate pear borer. Six-spotted tiger-beetle. Six-spotted tree-hopper. (See Pear.) (See Tiger-beetle. ) (See Tree-hopper. ) Skiff caterpillar. (See Caterpillar.) Skipper, ham Or Cheese: ......<..- 5 < seiceteeecere anaes 29 HG ioemtis'CIMenia too eesasecemone. aeelmiesectels 36 Homopters lumataic. 520. .2e~ 2 esse == seas 29 ERyesinis ACUlC SIS Sesaeee aes sacnee See 20 ASPCLICOMIS sas eiin asec sees 20 STAMUlapuse =. ayn nsecadoneceaseees 19 MEDULOSUS asso rescore meet ee eee 20 SOTIGCUS 4c waaccoeee sa eneetee 20 n. sp. (Fir wood engraver) .....-. 19 n. sp. (Grand fir bark-beetle).... 20 n. sp. (Western hemlock bark- beetle), setae tte be cee e te eee 17 n. sp. (Western Platypus) ........ 15 COMTUGUB Ss Fosse cee ee ae! one 18 sp. (Large mahogany timber- PNIGSORK ties on ageanestecsee eee 18 PRUE Ra Sas fe ne ee cantante 46 Jatidens:. ..ogserceessesseceae ee 17 PUGPUrOGGrs ACRIGLON: < oes icse o.oo cece lee de 37 GLCSODE 5255 sus so Heavee sae man oes 17,41, 44 Polygraphus rufipennis .................... 25 n. sp. (Hudson Bay Tomicus)....- 25 Polygonia interrogationis .................. 27 n. sp. (Silver pine Tomicus) ....-. 18 IPOMSDOYUR I WORVRUUR a2 oScc acc csccemcdeccene= 26 n. sp. (Western fir bark-beetle) -.. 17 POMMenSIs GISpAl? so fic te cc tencen sca nee seces 30 n. sp. (White spruce bark-beetle) - 25 PRONOXVHSE TODINGicnnacewcen ss cuccccssees MOM UORGMGLG: tasteteet tt cescetueseends tee Croan 23 PEOMMS MAMOOLUN ace ccaa to. cacswan cnean- sae SE BrOMex COME 5 opin cues askin eet oscar cee 40 Pterocyclon fasciatum .....-.............2. 45 HEVIGEHA ...= osha nosy tact CoE RS 40 j MIR Des Se os Seen crear ease AS) ) TROQORMUIES «os ko tios wee ta ete seo eae ee ae 43 PEAR Ele ante enon Se wae ast se eo ore dock aa 23,39 | ‘Trogosita -viresCens:. 2.5.02... ssa. onen-2. 43 Ptinid sp. (Giant-arbor vite Ptinid) ....... 23 | Trypodendron bivittatus ................... 16 sp. (Pine wood-perforator).........- 23 n. sp. (Birch timber beetle). 16 Pulvinaria innumerabilis ................-. Baill) ROGET 8 Fe a soe porte tian geen mace 40 PUREED MAMRGHUONIDS «5 conc Cakes cole nccs note 37 | Urocerus abdominalis ...................... 40 Romaleum atomarium ....................- 36 SIDIGOLUINis: =.5s08ae2ee-]- een 40 Sabulodes transversata ..................... 31 DAI DOMGIN «5.62 sen weee ss ee aene oe 40 Be perue CAIOETOIS .5.2 5-2 22 oe be So se 6b:)|, Urographis fasciatus: .....2. 55 22ccs0cc..- 38 BODCQIONS AUG tee oon Uel su sos Bh WWMOUDGCKCIS ccceeccuenckstuorsceuc stevens 26 036 (0 a So ea eee ee BOD) VIC POLS (CEIRE ce occn wee du ents Cet lwcune 39 tridentata ...... eieaecensees tee 35 RAMORONR wiec sod eu des Seeea hoses & 16 WOR ULtH car ener ee san et nu clean ows oe 36 n. sp. (The sugar-cane ambrosia- sp. (Mountain ash borer).......... 27 Peetu. 22st eve ces ce 45 POONUIMAGS Sato ae nas waka an oneeceeee 15, 16, 24, 39,41 | Xylochinus n. sp. (The Parmacheene bark- RSI CUINS DIROCODA. osu. tab cece nsec es oe 21 POGWG)iaccoscens tenn Seeen cick can eeees eons 26 UAMMISPINORUS ss. cecass. toc wet 41 | Xyloterus. (See Trypodendron.) BUDRGRDENS 6.6 ac cece tse sacs cass 201) ce ylotrechus Golomus Sooo. 66. ccus feck coc eee 38 DUS DRNORUNG chen soos. Boeck 20 MAXLGUU GS ee site a etic mien 37 n. sp. (Fir branch Scolytus) ....... 20) } -ZEUSere PYTING <. cin scncansevds 4S eee 40 INDEX Page. Alder, white, bark-beetle .........--------- 20 Amibrosia-=beetlesioe ce. cae aa seen eee ee 15, 45 Ambrosia beetle, sugar-cane ...--....------ 45 American dagger-moth .......-.----------- 29 HA Wily ae Cs essere oem aire 32 tent-caterpillaniac..cccssees ese 31 Apple-tree borer, flat-headed..........--.-- 38 caterpillar, yellow-necked. -.--- 30 ‘WOOd-sialNnen!... J-ca-e=-oa-eeeee See 45 Arbor vite, giant, Dryophilus...........-.-- 23 pilin Geeeeeae- seen 23 Arizona Dendroctonus ....--------------:-- 42,44 ASHVDOLer, Paldedieet emer aster eee 36 foursmarked) << 225-2cheeceas wees 38 Sphinx sess actin emacs caer raae 28 WENA vacances oor ceo sunr Spacee sce 28 treebark-beetle:.-<.-2.2-s.c4e9ee=5e- 20 Bandedvhormtail acess asease se veo eae 40 Wrographis Sascssseen ose a eee 38 Bark and wood-boring grubs......-.-.--. 21, 22,27 Bark-beetle, American spruce.....-.--...-- 25 aSh=ee hs eice St iseeasccesce-ce 20 baldic¢ypressssasesscss 44-2 soe 42,46 balsam =fin = sees See eee ae oe 25 DiTCh)s. 6.00... tsemcaeeaeee eee 25 COGAN ssn oon Soe e cece eeeee 25 COMpPanion. jececces-sse see 41, 44 densely punctured .....-...--- 16 destroyer, European -.-.-.-..----- 42 destroyers. (See Clerids. ) destructive spine eee. sees 44 eranduirs: (sss sctaee se 20 MICKOLYisesae= sek eee eee eee 41 KNODCONeGIpPINe Sessscesesssce ee 16 farcerifir-treessscet ee ceess- sees 19 Lawson 'CYPress'--. <2. 5-2 5--sc0 41 lodgepole pine...-=-.-.-+-2---.- 16 MINUET Ha ae era eee 24 OG kgs pss0baaccee ete 24 SPLUCE eee eee ee aes 26 Parmscheeners--sesseseeeceee 26 TOGA WOOG's 6s sb 2ne Poaceae etecices 18, 45 smaller fits 2.226 scesecentecite 17 smallired spruce!.-<----------- 25 SPRUGC SA eee tee eect eect ate ater 25 western cedar.......-..----<.- 18 fit’ < nc. ck eccick ceciseiese cee 17 hemlock) -sceseeeseee 20 OM Ui sceie bee eam 16 white ialder ..2s.a..ce.ctencsee 20 SPIUCe Vis oe eee eee eee 25. beetles: os. 2 ess hie e coe eee 16, 24 Bark-borer, Douglas spruce ....-.....-.-..- 21 52 OF COMMON NAMES. Page. Bark-borer, eastern hemlock...........---- 38 flat-headed pine ...-..:--.-..-- 38 small pine 2. .2-si-=see eee 36 DING, ESSCL ees ens seerioe es see eee 85 NeaTiWOOG. cee see eee 39 POPIAI<- = secs oa eee ele 35 Tib bed pine en sasaee ese eae see eee 37 TIPIG: Cypress jesse =e seem eee 37, 46 TUS tees ere tence ese eine stele inter tetera 38 southern! Oalissessssce- se eeeee eae 37 SuUgan Maple eese seem ese aan ste 35 tiger hickoryo--sesqesse sees 36 two-lined chestnut.................- 88 Variable Oslo sessce scree eee amelie 37 WELV;V) BDUUGE fee eine sien ee eine 37 white-lined cypress: --=---=---=------ 36, 46 Borers, wood and bark......--.------------ 35 53 Page Ore re Rt NONUOO i once Sk econ caer nce 's00uh 38 MOUMO MEAG Oi ccc cnc caqk cedelseeccans 35 MTOM MOTENGRIL cw caccslee nice vessewsccvcada 39 PRISE DINGU. DOLOL cceccc ee wns senceccccecses 21,38 BONO WII-GOLOU INO ony a cn'c tne veewscncecene 30 UCM NOMI nec. on we cacn Sones ctoceseuvncos 29 BNO HGG DUMOLLY. «2.0 ~ <~ +e dm vscemcasiaces 27 RIG DLORbIE SOMO. . 35. ~~ Socsnac sdecanersees 39 ULeries ANE MOUS... ...-neacatcksenseccs 27 California tussock moth ...........-.------- 30 Californian Phryganidia..................- 29 f tent-caterpillar ................ 31 RLUNICHVON GUOSUNTY ono oo clan e Soke nce oaae 36 EG DE 8 2) ee 37 PEAY (WONT ADEN Oa. loon wna w ons eee en 31 RPCRRA ER IPSPRISLIN tee ee en ane 28 ener URrR-DCOUlO .-...<2.scacsccnsevarsante 25 WORCOI Scns a5 seo vemnatela 18 DORE Ww OSUCIM) sunu sa- sacheescds 21 MYONCE ars wee pees cccesencceeedecasieace 38 MUBEDOLCT ated so cosa beobis chee ctas 27 Cherry-leaf webworm ............... as EIS 31 Chestnut-borer, two-lined................-- 38 GUN ee ee at wannericaee 36 See SE WORDT coc aeaiaie case ame cians = 40 Chion, Belteds ses ss Oe, te eens 36 Cicada, seventeen-year. .................... 33 COUN GT) eee Bae a ee ed 23 POMS GN 0) 1G ts Eee Se ee ee 26 | POOOGeetta ss oo ac coe. sare nc 42 1 Oe On: ROS oe See 42 Cire DANOGG. - stirs des cascuon~ sate 42 SIMOISLIRG ores eae ota stone ans awe 42 OUGILG TGs gi 2a aero ee eee ae ea 42 CLV) 1 ChE a IR Se a 42 Clytus, red-headed ......-: Raniah sees wera 37 Colorado Dendroctonus ...................- 44 OLN TG) Se ae ae Se ee eee 43 Companion bark-beetle ...........-........ 41 BRU OL BNTUCG as wewss aie dkdass oabeas es 33 ; POMPEU ER DE ins Shr eicat ns 33 Cosmopolitan timber-beetle................ 16 COLLOM WOO TOOL-DOTOP Le. 55 bnew scecskes 37 Crinkly flannel Moth... ssSecanseskcsu+» a. 31 Cryphalus balsam fir............. Cee 24 GLOW a. dudotaal Seeds tule wo: 16 SPICE se, cetwekasenscce= Stace das atid 24 Cypress, bald, bark-beetle .................. 42,46 Pe hol O11, Pesan yege bine ass eee 86 PIC d sate us dace ulna 37, 46 Wiite-lined) ooo os 6. ss. de... 36, 46 Lawson, bark-beetle............... 45 BAD WOOUU NOLEN sac. = nen onns alesswon 39, 46 WROCVAL decets Rab kien chcds meres dc 34, 46 Dagger-moth, American ...................-. 29 SIIGATOH 3 nn entee ete teesn ce 29 Dark red turpentine beetle................. 19 DARE CUNSOCK-IMOU ooo cdescaccnpsacccnecaves 30 Dendroctonus, Arizona -....255...2ce0e-e2es 42,44 SSQIOTAIO state aap eeasegt nen 4 Douglas spruce.............. 19, 44 mountain pine........... 19, 42, 44 Densely punctured bark-beetle ...........- 16 ' BRCMEROY OLS IP RLOG wierd us scen iuereceaans ons 21 | NERRERE UMMLESS 0 os Awd ud An que amie 18 | Page. Destroyers, bark-beetle....................- 26, 42 Destroying beetle of the Black Hills, pine 41,43, 44 APYUCE Jos scan sawe 26 Destructive pine bark-beetle ............... 41 spruce wood-borer ............- 27, 37 Dolurgus, Sitka’spruce: ...........0<0ssesen¢ 18 Dryophilus, giant arborvite................ 23 LUSH aT Uy GUE SS a ae ti 42 UTERO ACS Cts Fae ieee RE Se eS Ke 42 BINS URC ose nie pte a8 cues 42 Elm \eaf-beetle, imported ................-- 32 Jt ot es Sn eee ae 32 VO GINtORee. Saese eon en tee acdc makes 42 Rl We Da WOM es nS Sean sca shames 29 Fir, balsam, bark-beetle ..................-- 25 CrypiRlusi ss Of teases e Sa ee 24 bark-beetile, smaller -.-..-o0cceseneent 17 WRESLGNIL ats m an wnat pe asa 17 vaNe HD SCOlMOIIA sachs once can tae 20 California white, Scolytus .............. 21 grand bark-pectle .. - <5. 2sccnc ode caccses 20 TES MENTO VEN osec ooo nes csc wetae ne dans 21 Scolytus, smaller o> s. conn. ten - 20 WRENS nape eto oe ee ieee eek seu oe 34 WOOUCNBTAVED 565.5050 Stone duende van 19 Five-spined Tomicus, western ...........-..- 18 a -MeORGECDOPRGES acon e- SUa eke ee 38, 39 POUARENNOCIN cos 6 oboe no ae 32 Forest span-worm, large............< eps Ase 31 fent caterpillar sa: -2 5.625 .s-ncesns 30 Four-hormed Sphins 2c 3:5: 2.2.2. oc cnc oe 28 Pounspined Pomicuse.: 2 t-.chace-e <5 sone 18 init and seed Insects. - 2. Sco case nccxs Fungus following bark-beetle attack .....- ral USOCise sw sn teden oe on bnee roe bene ae 22, 23 louse, Englemann spruce ..........--- 23 SiItKeISNrUCe © 28 e s oes eae 23 Girdler, biekory twit. 24-.-qeu 2s aun sen wess 34 DODIAT oss een ee chee 35 Olden) BUpresws 5 fee ahem a Sew mann 39 OLAS DOBLE wearer ee cae eae aor 32 POI TROP ORIG cc, fase aie ssc utes ben caetee ts 43 SEUDHY MOD awn ok Sake «dency sueic aus wnt 30 Hackberry butterfly, common.............- 28 TEEN te acl (1s 6 |e ea lin ROR Popeye ay Sey Se a ae 42 GSP DORIS oeees enchant eee sneaker 16 Hemlock bark-beetle, western ............. 20 bark-borer, eastern .............. 38 bark-borer, westerm.............. 38 wood-stainer, westerm..........-.. 15 Hickory bark-heetle...............sseceesss 41 HOTEL, PORUGINE. n nena g lon ensenchs 36 COUIMMO an vp oec dn eaetecke ed 36 FMTANEGIOG 6 0.00 « o'nsasuene 38 TRIO ono cankusnesshs Beek 36 ROL os haw ann'e abe arehaas 36 caterpillar, black ................. § BOI DCG oie oe wtsime ese 30 DG. CeVili ssa chute teh knb os ab 28 DSR TORI te Mandan fuk da a nk» 33 QOICRORIGY Cia me Wea dnicnn yk: ahaGhenk 33 PIER ORIG ans Saad dpcwa dive 39 tussock caterpillar ...............-. 29 SUREEIEEERE Seis tha dhe andne dade MM PATRI CR ORES ono Sau Ssnnk nin acaeaghbae 4c 54 Page. Horntaili black pine 22222. 2-os2-eee see ee 40 Duel ae tees eee eee 40 smallipmeyst. snc eeeee eee 40 white: HOrMmed.=.ssssncer ee ceee ne. 40 yellow wingede.-os-ecseneeees- 40 Hormtails:.2 22 esctg aes eee eset 40 Hudson Bay Pomicus <2. 2-ssees-eeeee cess ae 25 Hylesinus, Douglas spruce ..........--....- 20 shore pine sso saeieaeceee eee aoe 20 Eiylure ops, Sitka spruces sees. aseens-eeeee 19 western pinescsce cee ceeeinseee 19 Ibao) TET MNOUI NE Ce occomecmadsuNedscraosaaccns 28 Katy Old te a 2t see sees cee cea meee sae 32 Large mahogany timber-beetle..........--. 46 WanchesawilVecsscecc ce sase secret scen neces 32 Iheat-beetilesis< sso sec oe Saeco esse eccooescsH 32 Leaf-beetle, imported elm.-................- 32 largerjélm) 222-25 ce seecesaie= 32 spotted willow: ./-.------------- 32 Striped willOweee ese estes se 32 Meaf-folder locustw-. ..ececsascceecese-ees~s 27 Geo parghmnO Wes ee ie sels eee eee ence 40 ieptura, Canadian) \ecsece ce se—sacee= aa ce== 37 Lichen-like beetle.......... PISS ese See 36 THING Eni POEs saecee cele secice delsemicce sees esa 36 hine-markedcoly Gud es enscceeecie eee aan 43 MROCUStIDOLELS tease ctnoe selects cieetsito aise 30 Leat=-folder eas. .scecjaase nesses 28 UN Ated one-stingsececens decceee eecies eet 41 Mahogany timber-beetle, large............- 46 Manple:scale cotton ycec.ctcecs seeeeciee esol 33 PlOOMY! a hana as tiosc 20 Seed and fruitinsects.< ..... 22.5 -s.cccceccus 13 Seventeen-year Cicada ....................- 33 Bingle-spine Scolytus 2... 2. .o cs wes ese 20 ETRE rap) ILCs Bag ao ie See en 31 BINA -G VG MMROGE 5 arte aces e vee Inet aw 42 Smeared dagger-moth ................ exuses 29 Span-worm, western oak ................-.. 31 [etre TOreR fot aie ead ocean 31 RDI R SRE RE fos oot. Sano meh to du a's saw sew 28 (oS. [a eer ee eee pee ee 28 TOT MONO: Seta on cue res eta ea 28 pO: ee a eB eee 28 WRUUAAID occu nd desis tate panae ses 28 NEHVEDE DOPIAI ig -os foaac senses 28 SUPINE Gr peas cst ciare tem wesw caw,n o:cee ep A 28 BIER CLEMO 5.576. che Cawelavewsweessc 42 Brie GOIIKOD WOM one ck cob seecwews caeces 31 Sprtice batk-beetle -. 2... snes ewceneee 25 Thc a (2 ee ee 25 rel ho IQe: ep epee rae 26 black, wood-engraver .............. 24 TODAY IMRAN a arse swe a abies Ree ah o'ae 37 OER VOD IN Sytts dts tro sa dias ates oes 33 Gre DNALUA » = ccoctupancubaesnaptupeus 24 destroying beetle. ..:.......5....... 26 DGOGIES, PALK-DOLCD s.«.caacasadesss- 21 PAG LONEITUS cin dpewits «<%= 5% 20 BV WEOG VLE wiircatic » wv.c's apes 22 Englemann, gall-louse ...........-.. 23 POG, BOGIVGON buevetattanesascidce 6. 26 small bark-beetle.............. 25 Sitka, DOM PUsiaan secede esos inns 18 PALI-lOUKG . Sccenucnaedeeseass 23 MYVIVIRODE tc caswecunetencdacs 19 WOWICUS: 4: cdvasnesspbucs Vans 17 SWIG-WOGYVI) 25 ctw esecvnt ane 7 MITLDOM“DOOUOC 5 xiv tesnvsccuserseseuw 16 twig wood-engraver, minute....... 24 WEG Wile WORCORIE «conc cxdwcccess'aly WRECK DOORIO o.nd2 cawcevence wns 25 wood-borer, destructive..........-. 27,37 Spruce wood-engraver ............cceceeees 24 Page. Sugar-cane ambrosia-beetle .............--. 45 Tent-caterpillar, American..............--. 31 CalifomianScctwsarecess SL TOLGRE <2 2 sats dodar sekete sas 30 northwestern. ............ 31 Rocky Mountain ......... 31 , TUL tent wio ska anes 30 TARO APODIAN ca. dese Cuno woes es oe’ 29 Thunderbolt beetlo’...55. 2-2-2. ee eens 37 Timber-beetle, birch ............s-.0-sceee- 16 Cosmopolitan 2.0.3=.ct.oc--= 16 iGkores sis ses ce eek 39 large mahogany..........--. 46 BOYUCG so Seep ase eens eee 16 WON, GUERUNUG t r PLATE XI. uw . os ~ an yr Steg eae 2 SY = - ea, - bor en (From Bu oe | aver t gid. . Ae Lee Ae BES ‘ aly ke ie Ve bagi - ‘a Ge ee Eye | < Bowie Went, Bul. 48, Div. of Entomo wy, U. S. Dept of Agricu ‘ PLATE XIl. Fia. 1.—COCOONS OF BRACON SIMPLEX, A PARASITE OF THE SPRUCE-DESTROYING BEETLE. The cocoons of Bracon mplex, in the larval mines of Dendrocton us piceaperda, are shown ata. (From Bul. 28, n. s.. Div, of Entomol- ogy, U. 8. Dept. of Agriculture.) Fiag. 2.—WoRK OF THE PINE-DESTROYING BEETLE OF THE BLACK HILLS a, Pitch tubes on surtace of bark, much re duced; 6, same, two-thirds natural size From Yearbook, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1902 PLATE XIII. 43, Div, Bu! Ss alin OF THE SPRUCE-DESTROYING BEETLE. S AND MINES GALLERIE Showing parts OF SIX primary zg a =~ =o Bul. 48, Div. of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. PLATE XIV. GALLERIES AND MINES OF THE SPRUCE DESTROYING BEETLE. (From Bul. 28, n. s., Div. of Entomology, U.S Dept. of Agriculture, ) °) eh bt ee ~ ohn sey at vo hs rs ; a : ie Ae li ey, "Yet 2° =| eer : z aes * ied . mw, ' ; Mo 7 15 i PLATE XV. 3 BEETLE. SPRUCE DESTROYIN( OLD GALLERIES OF THE a 5 - oo 7 Z ns we = a a from dead *h healing With pits were trom Entomology Can = Gia 6 FS es =? ; _e De. a 24 oe athe Sane eg ee ae pe - i. a a See ad #2 2 “ Ue, 7 Fae 7 a .. ’ . = * f 4% = “ ” > tae * ~ - : . a 4 os : ae = : <= as 5 > oe ee 3 : : : i ss - 7 y i Bul. 48, Div. of Entornology, U. S. Dept of Agriculture. PLATE XVI. WORK OF THE YELLOW PINE Woop ENGRAVER. GALLERIES IN INNER BARK AND SURFACE OF Woop. About one-third natural size. Author's illustration, Bul. 32, n. s., Div Entomology, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Bul. 48, Div. of Enton y, U. S. Dept. of Agticulturs PLATE XVII. WORK OF TIMBER AND BARK-BEETLES IN SF RUCE a, Work of the sprum timber-beetle in t] @ sapwood of spruce. natural size fungus ( P « volvatus) growing from mines of spruce timber-beetie on the « infec ‘ ul n bark had been removed, natural size work of P/ From Bul. 28, n. Div. of Entomology are ip i Og, Ph Rae Ee ; hy ham: . 2 f : 7 a 7 . . = ; uly y 4 : : he : aa, ie, aL: a S 7” A yay. A ~< 7 a eo ‘ an 2 i a * i tA i « ri i i * oi ‘ : 1 vi ; ‘ 4 i m/ p f vf mae 54 fk at 7 . ' Ss * a , ry ~! p wn 4 df ‘ i, i i Div. of Enton y, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE XVIII WoRK OF SECONDARY AND OTHER ENEMIES OF SPRUCE. a, Work of the white spruce bark-beetle ( Tomis in white spruce bark; b, work of spruce wood-engraver ( Pityophthorus ca iceps Lee in spruce bark and grooving the outer wood; c, galleries of the destructive pine bark-beetle (D lroct . / ‘ n pine bark; also attacks spruce; d, work of the small red spruce bark-beetle D les 1. Sp on the surface of spruce wood; ¢, galleries ot ce bark-be e (/ pennis Kirby) on surface of pieces of spruce wl, f id Pa il Lake (From Bul, 28, n. s., Div. of Entomology, U.S Agr ee a re Wet © eee a 4 ei) co a >> yah > are Aer iting 74 ey Wy n iyo 4a phat Bul. 48, Diy. of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. PLATE XIX. GALLERIES OF THE SPRUCE BARK-BEETLE, SHOWING DIFFERENT STAGES. Freshly excavated galleries in living bark: ¢, old galleries in dead bark From Bul. 28, n. &., Div. of Entomology, I ~ Dept of Agriculture P seke Deane, a) 1 Miva tye tl es OA Rook Yas ee 5 set oe ome Spee) eT | De ae ha ; \ , 3 : ee al , j ‘ 7: ’ ; ett f ‘ eo ee el Bees een 2 ake Bia i weed at ee hee ae oer MOTs, Re eam SOU Cae Pot RC) ME wy OC aRCen | er hT Mind: it! ee ? . aye. RA a LN . "2 Beth Ae i i> en ne i, ie eee Skt 0 Da oat Sg 7 Y Ca CU dt A Anatipeat te ie ee TOM Te 5 aslo q p ie “ ® i ; 7 , : a J PLATE XX. a nis ia 4 ) he S46 - ete = —— ay anaes ee ah came a : "i> Bul. 48, Div. of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE XXI. — : 4 7 1 *. DEAD SPRUCE; ALSO FIR AND BIRCH. a, Old dead spruce and a dead birch in eutting Hl, remains of very old dead spruces } ippear ance of spruce tree after it has been dead five to ten vears or more White spruce, dead three or four years: 7, dead spruce, fir, and bireh, killed by fire: +. dead spruce and fir on summit of Rump Mountain, Maine From Bul, 28, n. s., Div. of Entomology, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Bul. 48, Div. of Entomology, U. S. Dept of Agriculture. PLATE XXIl. Sj & ~ S z= ‘ id OV AALE WoRK OF THE REDWOOD BARK-BEETLE. a, Surface of wood grooved by primary galleries and mines through inner laver U.S. Dept larval mines; }, bark with galleries and From Bul. 38, Bureau of Forestry, of Agriculture. 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