E WS \ LOAN We Ws Sy? MH COMMON MM NWO. \ MY SHR i QQ Ww WN WE . \ \ 51 U6X CRLSSI Ze tj tty} \ \ \\ \Y OZ: tii CZ Cn \\ NS \ \ \ \ \ tii tii : “> - ~—3 S ee veh yy Wai rend ae it Mat a . } . ‘ q a ; ; + ’ - . ‘ ‘Coca Ay early 7s res eles z us Pale dyad ht ee co Wee i eo “ . H(A Ait Maka Hah i b We ly | » a TA 8) i whe SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74 EXCAVATION OF A SITE AT SANTIAGO AHUITZOTLA, D. F. MEXICO BY ALFRED M. TOZZER VZ5 - = = Ape ooo et SONA Ings; me © ow Uy = ; * OCT 26 1991 *) all > WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1921 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Bureau or AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY, Washington, D. C., January 13, 1920. Sir: I have the honor to transmit the accompanying manuscript, entitled “ Excavation of a Site at Santiago Ahuitzotla, D. F. Mexico,” by Prof. A. M. Tozzer, and to recommend its publication, subject to your approval, as a bulletin of this Bureau. Very respectfully, J. Water FewkKes, Chief. Dr. Cuartes D. WaAtcort, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. PREFACE The investigation described in the following paper was under- taken by the writer as Director of the International School of American Archeology and Ethnology, Mexico, in the winter of 1913-14. It was due to a suggestion from Senor Don Manuel Gamio, Director of Antiquities, that the site in question was selected, and it was due to his official permission and to his courtesy and aid that the work was carried on. To his brother, Senor Rodrigo Gamio, Mexican Fellow of the School, my thanks are due for long continued and faithful assistance in the excavation, and to Clarence L. Hay, Esq., Harvard Fellow, I owe many valuable suggestions in carrying on the work, and I also thank him for aiding me in the general super- vision of the excavations. Dr. Herbert J. Spinden has given me some suggestions regarding the nomenclature of the pottery classification. 5 8 CONTENTS Detailed description—Continued. Southern’ Extension .° 5 2a ee Room XI, Floor E Floor M MOOT Bs 2 oe > ee ets ee 7 Wloor- 1B 2s 2252 ae Ae een ei fh W1GOr: Cue 2 2 sre eee a eee nein Te Eee, HOOT AOI. CAS it sae er ae ee se ee en Towest floors! 22 re i el ee ee ee MOor STM Dunne epee = = ee Nhl Koyo age) Sis eibon ah ie ae Le slaw) = Bee gies Ayo See 4 LOOT REG ee cae. RE SEE A LOOT) Qe 8 a es Fee ee Niches: iInibunnel sue. ase ee ee teen Sep en Ge 2 ee LE i RSE ee tas Ne a | 205) NGG DR) Kew ame Saal toy ee atta tee ssa eae (oe UR ic Noi kKorovns val iM bras hie 2 et ee eee FIOORS2O) Re eee eR ee Te eae Le en W Gls ar as 8 See re a See eo eee Pero Ce Ts es eee a ee SE ge es Main: Siri etunees ese reed eee ees eee Reftusevash pits eV, Vil, Nok V as ee es | eg Va OG [il Ol Ot eet aren Ce oes Re a eR Peer eT SLM cans 2 TE es dc 0y ca] {MRR St NOTA UAL Fel ie Pe tee pe ore ee EE Period sUVes. so. See ee ge a a eS Additions to Terraces on all four sides Period: Vee eae Sa eo ae ee Ree Northern sh xtéension ne ae eee eee IOGES MeO at ae ee eee Rtn poder Pes eh Ente ROOMT GET = — Sa SS ee eee eee MIO OTS VIR woh oy ere ee ae OGIO Vihar ees i A ee en es ae Eee aay Ploors B-CyeB” and that-omeast=. 8. =e Period: Vis. e Se Ee ee WallvoversE00r, (M358 ee Wloor “Hts 32 Fo een ge Period Vitis Gt te HloorvAr over: PatiGn 52 Sees | see eee PU Rees Period ax ies see oo) ins 2 ge ge Ra TT ee BOOP 2 Ac! 252 Nike hikes @ 5 Es is ie ee ere Lg? beh PNG CIPA CES <._ Hos . te te Se oe ee ae ee ee Wet Skeletal ‘remains 222-22 yee a hs 5 eS ae Stone’ objects .S- 3. rates Serene yh aes Shell- objects =: . 2 a ee eh ee eee ELUM aT HOUnines: a ERS Be eh eee eres Archaic type=——-- 2. ee ae Toltee type 2-228 a eee ee Coyotlateleo“type _ 22 22 eee Aztec: type. i222) 2 22 ee Northern Extension {222 a eee 38 a_i. 2s: CONTENTS Artifacts—Continued. OMIVTRES oF! Late eS oo gene eee eR oe ee + eS ee Adornos__ Whistles and flageolets SUR YaNces TE SemmERTUIIONT Cts eee et kj aie ee i Ee ee eee ee ROmeryedisics, buttons, murblesic_-—- = Lay er EES I RMERUET Ce SCETIN Se 5s: een pm ee A SS el SCHR US RP LCL AS ea I pa So I Har plugs_ Molds ____ Pottery ___ PLS afore) ome AUT ica Rava LMU eee ete) Yr Be Be AD Sppmees: MIE Heit ca Ey ete Se a ee a dL es es Or a, b, G, > 2 ? eS ’ WW CLUDES. TUT OER ON Sp Beceem ae MEL S Pies -OVveriCurVved GeESsiena- 8. 22s ee Deeply wMcised. binds-and: animals. == Deeply ineiseds Ted: paintin Lines 21 Soo, ee Se HWlaborate designs, background cut away______________.-__ Meow suisse abOrwie, GeStems 2. 8 2 2s bn 2 ee g, Thin orange type, incised and punctate_________________-__ h, i, Cc, d, e, Incised lines following painted design___________________ AO APUG can eeTy ea ye eee ete ee Ncru o Sae e e NN Multiple or assembled figures. --_-_-____ Bie rect oN eee DIRT esee rene exes Vf ee ete re yet as ao eel ES 27 Molded andephunGiite = 6c ee eee elie eet, HHCh Ap Nese a ee el ee Pe ener DOSSOC mete ee ee et ee TaD Ng Gy 25S CCE exit SE PAS a a oe ee Oe pepe By pe ol Shick polished s-=-— = es - ey se foe Wn 1 SOE NAT Poe COS ivpee Nii eaimTed,«Coyotlateleo type. =.= 22. ss ae a, b, TRS SNOW: COIS STE th Seo een IR a a ee Ree WY Sea erg Pe Senta GCOS ON aa een ee es cee SE ee ee, iv EMO MUOSE -COLOT 9 a e ee Se PE ROE Se, PAU UEMCM EVIE Seat Sterne Mis ake aly ae ER eS pr ee OR ee Type RO ECO WON SMEG eA ZlCGs = 5 = eee Se es ee TypesxVve, Wideuline Aztec, Culhuacan type-2 3 =) = Se Type Type Reville Himeame:r aztec. TNezeoco types. == 226 = - = ee GVO OcancamaateGo = =. 5 ee we eae eGtEeia Sh aCs == 2 =e meee wore ee eet a ee Pte LEC sas) eee ee ee eee Bibliography — 9 Page. 43 43 44 45 45 45 10. et 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES . Plan of upper levels of excavation with sections a—b, c—d, e-f. . Plan of lower levels with tunnels and sections g—h, i—j, k-l. . General view of site, looking north. . a, Looking west from Patio, showing part of the entrance to Tunnel y, Floor P, and entrance to Tunnel f under Room I. 6, Floor A, Room TI, and Pit XIX, with the entrance to Tunnel d. . a, Main structure, looking north, showing Eastern Terrace, Floor B, and Patio. 6, Northern part of Main Structure, showing Floor A and Rooms V and VI. . a, Southwestern corner of excavation, showing Room IX with foundations of pillars, Floor H, and Room X. 06, Northern Extension with Room NII, Floors M and B’, and Room XIII. . @, Southern Extension with Rooms XI, IX, and X, and southern end of Room II. 0b, Northern Terrace, looking west, with Room VI, Floor B’, and Room XIII. . a, Top of mound with Floor A uncovered. 6, Floor A, break in floor, show- ing the upward slope at edges of floor. ¢, Room II, showing the two levels. d, Northern end of Room IX, showing the overhang of the wall. . a, Archaic body from tunnel under Room II. 0b, Archaic body from Pit NVI. c, Toltec body from Pit XXV, above wells. d, Archaic figurine. e, f, Archaic head. a, Toltec head with holes in forehead, from tunnel under Room II. 6, Toltec figurine from beneath Floor A. c¢, Toltec head and body from Floor B. d, e, Toltec head of God Nipe from Pit XV. a, Toltee figurine, Coyotlatelco type. from Pit XVI. 06, Toltee figurine, Coyotlatelco type, from wells. e¢, Toltee figurine, Coyotlateleo type. from excavation to west of road. a, Aztec head from above floor of Room IX. b, Aztec head from above floor of Room II. c, Crude Aztec figurine from above Floor B. d, Crude Aztec figurine from above Floor A. e, Crude face from Pit XV. /, Gro- tesque head with perforations on nose. g, Animal figurine from above . Floor B. h, Owl head from Pit XVI. a, Ocelot] head from Pit XVI. b, Deer head from Pit XVI. c¢, Deer head attached to olla from near surface in southwest corner of site. d, Ani- mal figurine from Pit XV. e, Hollow figure of deer from upper levels. f, Portion of serpent head from above Floor M. Incense burner, showing the use of adornos on the cover. a, b, Incised Toltec pottery, Type IIa. c¢, Incised Toltec pottery, Type Ile. d, Grooved Toltec pottery, Type V. e, Undecorated Aztec olla. f, Molded Toltec pottery, Type VIIb. g, Three-handled, molded Toltec pottery, Type VIId. a, Molded design, Type VIIa, from Pit XXV. 6b, Molded design, Type VITa, from tunnels under Room I. c¢, Molded design, Type VIIb. d, Molded design, Type VIIc, from Pit XXV. ec, Molded design, Type VIId, from Pit XV. f, Molded design, Type VIle, from Pit XXV. z 11 ie ILLUSTRATIONS 17. a,b, Fillet design, Type VIII. ec, Fillet design, combined with molded, Type VIII, from under Floor A. d, e, Fillet design, Type VIII, from Pit XV. f, Embossed design, Type IX. g, Embossed design, combined with incised lines, Type IX, from wells. h, Carved design, Type X, from tunnels. 18. a, Painted interior design, Coyotlateleo type, Type XIla, from Pit XV. b, f, Painted interior design, Coyotlatelco type, Type XIla, from Room IX. c-e, g-m, Painted interior design, Coyotlateleco type, Type XIla, from Pit XVI. 19. Painted exterior designs, Coyotlatelco type, Type XIIb, from tunnel under Room Y. TEXT FIGURES Page. 1. a, Adorno from Pit XVI. b, Adorno from Pit XV. ec, Adorno from 1 EAT Re. Oh Ve ee ae Ee eee ERE PRIS TCS Lb he 44 2. a, Face from brasero from Pit XV. b, Face from brasero from Pit XVI. c, Face, probably from brasero, from Pit XXV, above wells. 4d, Head; probably forming part of a flageolet_ 22 eae 45 35°40; Pottery rubbersii@ eis. es ae Ee yes 46 4. a, Spindle whorl from just below Floor A. 0b, Ear plug found south of HU OOK Aa Sit Se ss Sie Sie | as EAS A ee 46 5; Incised-shard, Type len! 220s A et a oe ee 47 Gin cised: Shard, yype AT ia es a IIL ETE ee 48 (.-For additional data on these points, see Tozzer, ‘The domain of the Aztecs and their relation to the prehistoric cultures of Mexico” in Holmes Anniversary Volume, pp. 464-468, 1916. 16 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ BULL, 74 5. The southern higher level Floor B. 6. The northern higher level Floor B’. 7. The floors beneath the Main Structure. Looking at the plan in cross-section another classification is neces- sary: 1. Highest Floors A, A’. 2. Northern and southern higher level Floors B, B’. Floor C, the higher of the two floors in Room II and the top of the stone stratum to the east of the Eastern Terrace (pl. 2, sec. -7). 3. Main Structure with Rooms I-VI and the Terraces. 4. Northern and Southern Extensions. 5. Floors under Rooms I, II, V, and VI. Description of plans and sections —It is impossible to obtain an adequate idea of the various constructions and of the explanations in the text without consulting freely the plans and sections. Plan I (pl. 1) shows the walls and floors now standing. Walls and pillars shown in solid black are still in place or are clearly indi- cated by a break in the floor, with the characteristic upward slope of the floor toward the walls. Dotted lines indicate the probable extent of other walls. Rooms are indicated by Roman ntimerals and the floors by capital letters. Various features to which atten- tion is called are numbered. Floors still in place are shown in color. Section ab runs north and south. The depressed Floor H in Rooms IX and X, although not appearing in the section, is indi- cated by small cots. Section c-d also runs north and south. Here is indicated by small dots the stone wall at the southwestern corner of the Patio and the floor level of Room I. Section e-f runs east and west. The contour of the hill is shown in all three sections. Plan II (pl. 2) is an attempt to indicate the floors beneath the level of those of Plan I. The various excavations made in order to get beneath the surface of the main floors and as entrances to the tunnels are indicated by Roman numerals (XIV-XXIX). Floors, as in the previous plan, are given in capital letters. The various tunnels are indicated by small letters. The walls of the tunnels directly below Room I are shown by wavy lines. The two lowest tun- nels are indicated by a zigzag line. The stratification of the various cuts is shown in all cases where it could be determined. Section g-Ah runs north and south, cutting the floor level C in Room II. 67] am indebted to the Engineer of the Office of the Inspection of Monuments for the various heights of the floors. The plans here offered were made by careful measurements but were not surveyed with a transit, , vozzpr] § EXCAVATION AT SANTIAGO AHUITZOTLA, MEXICO 17 Section ¢-j also runs north and south. -An attempt is made here to indicate the character of the stratification as shown by the various excavations. Although not included in the section, the floor of Room I together with the entrance to Tunnel f, Floor P, and Tunnel 7 are shown. Section /—/ runs east and west. Attention should be called here to the earth and stones left to the east of the Eastern Terrace. This is not shown in any of the other plans. In the description of the site few measurements will be given, as these are clearly indicated on the plans and sections. ORDER AND METHOD OF EXCAVATION.—A small excavation had been made in the center of the hill by some one hunting for idolos. This had, unfortunately, destroyed a large portion of the southern part of the topmost floor (A) and made it impossible to obtain complete data on the site. Several pieces of the plaster of the floor were found. A second and more excusable damage was done to the hill by the cut- ting of a road along the northern side. This decreased the whole area possible for excavation by about a fourth and made it impossible to establish the complete plan of the northern side. With these two exceptions the hill was intact. Higher floors —The excavation started about the center of the hill to the north of the hole made by the relic hunter. Floor A was imme- diately discovered (pl. 8, a) under a thin layer of adobe. The floor was only about 0.6 m. from the surface. Floor A was followed in all directions. On the northern and western edges of this floor excava- tions were made and Room I (pl. 4, 6) with its fine plaster floor was uncovered. The greater part of Room I was found filled in solid to within 0.4 m. ef the level of the hill with adobe bricks. This adobe filling extended to the east into the space I have called the Patio, over Floor P to the point where the stone wall makes a corner and turns to the south (near 4, pl. 1). Room I was excavated its entire length, showing the pillars at either end. Through the doorway on the west, Room II (pl. 8,¢) was entered. To the west of this entrance and at several places in Room II the filling was made of alternate layers of earth and stones. Working from Floor A, Rooms V and VI (pl. 5, 6) were soon shown. Excavation was also carried on to the south of Floor A in the old depression made at some previous time and continued until Floor P was encountered. Work was con- tinued to the south until the northern wall of Rooms IIT and IV was found. This cleared the space of the Patio down to the level of Floor P. Rooms III and IV were next uncovered. By continuing east of Room IV a portion of the Eastern Terrace was shown. The terrace was followed from this point in both directions and the south- eastern corner was soon found (pl. 5, a). The corresponding north- 17564°—21 2 18 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ BULL, 74 eastern corner and the northern side were next uncovered (pl. 7, b). The western side was then excavated, thus completing the square. As this was going on Floor B (pl. 5, a@) was found and cleared. Owing to the symmetry of the rooms in the Main Structure inclosed by the Terrace, it was considered probable that a floor corresponding to B would be found on the north, and Floor B’ (pl. 6, 6) was noted exactly similar in height and position to B. The floors of the Terrace on the northwestern and southwestern corners were followed and the northern and southern additions (XII and X) to the Terrace were uncovered. Room X on the south led the way to Floor H and Room IX (pl. 6, a). Room XI was entered through the doorway from Room IX. Excavations were made to the south of IX and Rooms VII and VIII were found. A wide trench was then made to the south of VII, VIII, and XI. No floors were found, thus showing that the southern limit of the site had been reached. A trench was also made to the east of XI, where pieces of rough flooring (L, L’, L’’) were found with no remains of a wall. Excavations along the southern side and eastern end of Floor B showed no remains, thus marking the southeastern limits of the site. Four trenches were next run out at right angles to the Eastern, Terrace in order to ascertain the limits on this side (pl. 2, sec. #2). Several pits were dug near the eastern and northern sides of Floor B’, but no remains were found until Floor O was reached. The entire western side of the site was limited by the road. The various floors were followed in each case until they were lost under the road or broken by the cutting of the road. Excavations were undertaken in the milpa on the opposite side of the road. Shards and other objects, together with large pieces of floor, were found, showing that the site continued for some distance to the west. No floor was found in place, so that coordination with the floors in the main excavation was impossible. In this excavation to the west of the road the stratum of ashes which runs under the Main Structure was encountered approximately 1.45 m. below the floor level of Room IX. Adobes and pieces of tepetate were also found. This excava- tion was 6.5 m. from the western edge of Room IX. In many places, as noted on the plans, the walls are still standing. The plaster covering of the walls is still in place in many cases. It was usually very easy to trace the walls which had fallen, together with the pillars, as in every case the floor rose slightly as it ap- proached the wall (pl. 8, 6). These upward slopes of the floor end at the wall and in very few cases does the floor continue under the wall. There is no distinction in the plan between the walls still standing and those walls which are clearly indicated by this upward slope of the floor. Both are shown in full black. TOZZER] EXCAVATION AT SANTIAGO AHUITZOTLA, MEXICO 19 Tunnels.—As excavations progressed and the site bid fair to be of some importance the Inspector of Ruins, Sefior Manuel Gamio, decided to have it preserved as a National Monument. Fortunately no floors had been taken up and the site could be studied as it had been uncovered, with nothing destroyed, with the exception, previ- ously noted, of the pit dug in the center of the hill and the cutting for the road. A complete examination of the lower-level floors could be made only by removing those above them. As it was not thought expedient to remove any of the floors, tunneling was exten- sively employed (pl. 2). The lower floors, as shown in the tunnels, proved to be on an amazing complex of levels, and it was possible only in a few cases to trace the plan of complete rooms. It may be well to enumerate the tunnels and the purpose for which they were excavated. No attempt will be made to keep to the order in which they were opened. Tunnels a and 6, under Floor B, were made in order to trace the northern wall of Room XI, the floor in front of the Southern Ter- race, and the construction under Floor B. Tunnels cj (pl. 4, 2), under Rooms I and II, were started by fol- lowing Floor P in the open cut and continuing under the rooms to the west in all directions. Tunnel! & runs under Room V and is a continuation of the series of tunnels under Floor A. It was dug in order to trace the extent of Floor P. Tunnel 7 runs from Pit XXIII to Pit XXV and connects with Tunnel m. : Tunnel m runs under Room VI and connects Pit XXV with Pit XXVITI. Tunnels n—p run under the northern wall of Room VI and north- ward under Floor B’ in order to trace a stone wall and floor found at the lower level, together with the construction under Floor B’. Tunnel y (pl. 4, 2) was run from Pit XVII to Pit X XI under the system of tunnels beneath Rooms I and II in order to exhaust the possibility of floors under Floor P. Tunnel 2 connects with y running under the northern elongation of Floor P and coming out in Pit XXIV. Pits—In order to find out the stratification, together with the various floor levels, and also to serve as entrances to the tunnels, numerous square holes were dug throughout the site. These exca- vations were never made where the floor was still in place. In most cases these were filled up after the necessary data had been obtained. Pit XIV, outside the eastern wall of Room XI, was dug under Floor L which was taken up in one piece and afterwards replaced. This excavation showed no remains of any kind. 20 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL 74 Pit XV, at the southern end of Room XI, was justified owing to the fact that the floor at this point was badly broken and had sunk. This excavation is described in another place (p. 25). Pit XVI, at the southern side of Room IX and extending into ~ Room VII, was made through the floor broken on account of the subsidence here. This also is described elsewhere (p. 25). Pit XVII was dug through the broken floor of the Western Ter- race. Tunnel e with Floor P* runs into this excavation together with the lowest Tunnel y. Pit XVIII, also through the Western Terrace level, formed the western end of Tunnel 7. Pit XIX was made in Room III which showed no remains of a floor. It was the eastern end of Tunnel d. Pit XX, in the eastern end of Room IV, connected with no tunnels but was dug to note the possible presence of the ash stratum and the formation below the excavated level of the Patio. This excavation also showed that there were no floors under Room IV. Pit X XI was an important excavation in the center of the Patio below the edge of Floor P made in order to dig Tunnels y and 2 be- low the series of floors under Rooms I and II. Pit XXII, made through the broken floor of Room I below the western edge of Floor A, forms a side entrance into Tunnel g. Pit XXIII begins at the level of Floor A, showing the various strata forming the foundation for this floor, and connects with one of the tunnels under Floor A. Tunnel j also enters this excavation at the western end. Floor P’ forms the western side of the bottom of this hole. Pit X XIV is an excavation under the eastern part of Pit XXIII. It runs through a stratum of ashes (p. 25) and connects with Pit XXV (pl. 2, sec. A-1). Below these two last holes four wells were found (p. 24). Lowest level Tunnel z runs into Pit XXIV on the western side. Pit X XV, made in the northeastern corner of the Patio, connects, as has been noted, by Tunnel 7 with Pit XXIV. Directly at the bottom of this excavation Well Z is located. Tunnel m runs into Tunnel 7 near the corner of this excavation. Pit XXVI was made between the southern edge of Floor B’ and the Northern Terrace. It is interesting as showing the construction under B’ and served as the entrance to Tunnel n, the tunnel being prolonged to the north of this excavation. Pit XXVII was excavated at the very northeastern corner of Room VI where the wall and floor had disappeared. It served as the north- ern entrance to Tunnel m and the southern end of Tunnel p. rozzER] EXCAVATION AT SANTIAGO AHUITZOTLA, MEXICO 21 Pit XXIX was dug at the northwestern corner of Room XIII in order to find out if there were any floors beneath this room. i | | | iy J A A } T8123 Litctosgsivecesssay see ga. OTT ceerpaIAICCLUAtccaaaarwsay, g i + : ~ — = Wane ‘ ecirembtetetrtdetriebding? o-oo TIT 1-435 522-08t -- ] SECTION ONLINE E-F- O56 G00 tascuisceiesunnenatmacy Pee. NA esse SSansecscenacsenase se TERRACE COYOTLATELCO as Sete si moat & A MOUND IN SANTIAGO AHUITZOTLA ites sstestsoeres ATZCAPOTZALCO D-F. i _ I SCALE a4 om Fe SECTION ON LINE C-D- PLATE 1-PLAN OF UPPER LEVELS OF EXCAVATION WITH SECTIONS A-B. C-D, E-F NARS PETIRS. INC. LITHO, WASHINGTON DC pe Ak i eee ot een es Oe 4 beim oe einem | am vaeei ee Bia Ai ae A i) cara ry F ; BULLETIN 74 PLATE 2 BUREAU OF AM 4-M ANIT NO NOILD3S dithy i NORRIS PETERS INC, LITHO, WASMINGION, DC BULLETIN 74 PLATE 2 LIME AND EARTH ASH LIME a SSAA SY AREER — ics . —H+-L- SECTION ON LINE G-H SECTION ON LINE I-J. et eee | F (SEE Ee ales La c— ies ATZCAPOTZALCO D. COYOTLATELCO A MOUND IN SANTIAGO AHUITZOTLA NORMS PETERS INC. LITHO. WASRINGTON, D.C --PLAN OF LOWER LEVELS WITH TUNNELS AND SECTIONS GH, IJ. KL PLATE 2 hentodey ae a) ‘HLYON DNIMHOOT‘ALIS 40 M3IA IWYSNSD €431V1d v4 NILA1ING ADVOIONHLA NVOIYAWY 4JO NVvayHnd eae F ? f ; : *T WooYy AopunN J [ouUN, 0} 9ouR1yUA PI L 0} douvi}u9 YIM “XTX Jig pue ‘T wo00Y ‘y 100, *q pure ‘q zoo; ‘A ouuny, 0} doUIYUO JO Javed SuTMOYs ‘ORI Woy {Se SUP[OO'T “D vaivid vZ NILAITING ADOIONHLA NVOIYSAWYV AO Nvadnd BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULEERIN' 74 PEATE 5 a. Main structure, looking north, showing Eastern Terrace, Floor B, and Patio. b. Northern part of Main Structure, showing Floor A and Rooms V and VI. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74 PLATE 6 a, Southwestern corner of excavation, showing Room IX with foundations of pillars, Floor H, and Room X. b. Northern Extension with Room XII, Floors M and B’, and Room XIII. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74 PLATE 7 a, Southern Extension with Rooms XI, IX, and X, and southern end of Room II. b. Northern Terrace, looking west, with Room VI, Floor B’, and Room XIII. *T[eA Ol} JO SUBYIOAO OY} SULMOYS ‘NT MOOY Jo pus UIOYION “Pp *S[OAOT OM OY] SULMOYS ‘TT UIO0Y *9 * 100] JO sospo ye odoys preMdn oy} SurMoyYs ‘100H UI Yeosq ‘y IOCTY *q 8 31V1d v2 NILS11NG ADOIONHIL]A NVOIYSAWV SO Nvaynd BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74 PLATE 9 A, Archaic body from tunnel under Room II. B. Archaic body from Pit XVI. C. Toltec body from Pit XXV, above wells. D. Archaic figurine. EZ, F. Archaic head. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74 PLATE 10 A. Toltechead with holes in forehead, from tunnel under Room Il. B. Toltec figurine from beneath Floor A. C. Toltec head and body from Floor B. D, E. Toltec head of God Xipe from Pit XV. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74 PLATE 11 QS ee SS sa A. Toltec figurine, Coyotlateleo type, from Pit XVI. B. Toltec figurine, Coyotlateleo type, from wells. C. Toltec figurine, Coyotlateleo type, from excavation to west of road. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74 PLATE 12 A. Aztec head from above floor of Room IX. B. Aztec head from above floor of Room II. C. Crude Aztec figurine from above Floor B. D. Crude Aztec figurine from above Floor A. FE. Crude face from Pit XV. F. Grotesque head with perforations on nose. G. Animal figurine from above Floor B. H. Owl head from Pit XVI. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74° PLATE 13 A. Ocelot] head from Pit XVI. B. Deer head from Pit XVI. C. Deer head attached to olla from near surface in southwest corner of site. D. Animal figurine from Pit XV. £. Hollow figure of deer from upper levels. #F. Portion of serpent head from above Floor M. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74 PLATE 14 INCENSE BURNER, SHOWING THE USE OF ADORNOS ON THE COVER. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUEEERING/4 “PEATE SS A, B. Incised Toltee pottery, Type Ila. C. Incised Toltec pottery, Type IIe. D. Grooved Toltec pottery, Type V. EF. Undecorated Aztec olla. F. Molded Toltec pottery, Type VIIb. G. Three- handled, molded Toltec pottery, Type VIId. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74 PLATE 16 A. Molded design, Type VIla, from Pit XXV. B. Molded design, Type VIIa, from tunnels under Room I. C. Molded design, Type VIIb. D. Molded design, Type VIlc, from Pit XOXO. E. Molded design, Type VIId, from Pit XV. #. Molded design, Type Vile, from Pit XXV. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74 PLATE 17 A, B. Fillet design, Type VIII. C. Fillet design, combined with molded, Type VIII, from under Floor A. D, E. Fillet design, Type VIII, from Pit XV. F. Embossed design, Type IX. G. Embossed design, combined with incised lines, Type IX, from wells. H, Carved design, Type X, from tunnels. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74 PLATE 18 A. Painted interior design, Coyotlateleo type, Type XIla, from Pit XV. B, F. Painted interior design, Coyotlateleo type, Type XIla, from Room IX. C-E, G-M. Painted interior design, Coyotlateleco type, Type XIla, from Pit XVI. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 74 PLATE 19 | Painted exterior designs, Coyotlatelco type, Type XIIb, from tunnel under Room V. Naa ft ane ey ui Ava fe! © al mal Pereyey | WM 88 01421 8192