wy, i) ’ + i, i 1h ? 4 it aAINE he Ae Le ae 7h ; Ted 3 Vik os vary. mL i # pe Sar? five Oey aed ali aoe a : SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 EXCAVATIONS IN THE CHAMA VALLEY, NEW MEXICO BY J. A. JEANCON FEB 5 1924 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1923 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 FRONTISPIECE Photograph by Wesley Bradfield. VIEW OF THE RUIN AND THE CHAMA RIVER VALLEY. Nal Ki ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 75 CENTS PER COPY PURCHASER AGREES NOT TO RESELL OR DISTRIBUTE THIS COPY FOR PROFIT.—PUB. RES, 57, APPROVED MAY 11, 1922 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, BurEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY, Washington, D. C., January 10, 1922. Str: I have the honor to transmit the accompanying manuscript, entitled ‘‘ Excavations in the Chama Valley, New Mexico,” by J. A. Jeancon, and to recommend its publication, subject to your approval, as a bulletin of this bureau. Very respectfully, J. WALTER FEWKES, Chief. Dr. Cuares D. Watcorrt, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Itt ¥ ; x a ‘2 y rs 7 * , a , rpg a a re e ve wy ; = an i RATINGS FO SOLE Te | oe wh p 4 ers * seed % ; (fi rpewvl i Pig a = -) HTS rr - Sty ‘ % oS ‘, Wii RO otodod aldo ened od-nodt sdb ava Ces at oooh wovl yalla Faiee dD oat ns enoiteveond AT Ty 3} Tit peeehines 23a | PaPiTlosat a y ‘ $id) a] ; ich a VM TINa? ’ iy q | : : 2 J r , yr ? oe PrOnaA TE Gee cA : - Re AAD Yor aisios Hi has ; te, ‘ ‘ 4 A H : ro ‘ CONTENTS - Page MT ARTETLOR oe erst aren te PEE een econ Cer Gee Le RR eee lew eee eee 1 MEHOripitOMROL ce MMe | fete icles phe tesa ch eee See ene feels cies sees oo 5 DiIMENs ONE eee Meese ae a Hes sal Set eee neice See sae st ie eee 7 IESE Sacie INTO sigh li tee eV eect hoes Piper eee he It ee ae ee, Msn 7 ie OR exse ske co eects Soe ease = Adc se tee te OE PR é BES eR ee at ie foe fete Sahat pater ne Se OLDS Ne AO ME oo 8 [RB OUIGATOOM ts Le eee ce rete Ra ene mimes ere Meek Okt oclee 8 Kitchen eOn cooking TOOMY. «fr: Cki 76 ee site Sk nesses see ek 2 9 WevanmTOnml=s.-208e82 gasses sacs 2Ss tees seences oboe eee te ae 10 Gi OaMOUse res bern ese Bite ett ertoe rset in iia Pee bake cote ae 10 WV aise ae yA nes 4282 aes tn ei gas eM cee ge as ae SSN oe ec 11 Opentnswertoe walle: eeeek - steer rt Seo bela e eon ese 13 ID ooRWanGeeeere ae te ee eee met Ate otk ncn mem alemeie = = a e.- 152 13 alors sears, ee nie ea sae Aen See non Pee CL Ae ee aha 14 Oneninesnythe moore 26: 22a! teens. este teas- asec e sake e ln Seas 15 IE ENO See) ORR ee GRO SAR Op GPE DED, Dean omit iene tr ieicletet Eason sea 15 Mebubings< : ont. caret te ys - eet SF Ga Ste peeps ae Re yee ee rat 16 IRGESS Cee ODE Se oe Rate ie AS Eee eee ae ae ie eee aE ete 16 Kava ine plamasNOvell sees = tte: 2 ee ase cele faces 3s ks Aram Aine aetie ee nee 16 Stone -areiacts ss 2.52 3355-45002 ch eke Dep oi Un tg Sort. a et eon taka 2 EN iW Chippedyunplementsas 52:23 22+ 222 252 25tt sree wise e s2 55 Stet este 17 JOS TIST ES le OSORIO Ie A a aes A SN ta 17 Maal seamed MN ORR arsed eee eee oe cw eee see FO EM 18 Cunitin eedoprpet se eese Oat bay ec kee ht Leeks tk ete tee ees 18 Rointeretonesseer st cts see t ee Seeks eae etree lc See eh miei 119 Flaked amd: finished implements: -..5 2.222222: 22.8220. 5225228 22 Slee 19 ARSTATEV CSI ele Seay easy Merson al tpn re Meese w ak Aan hw re REESE ABN EO re o's 19 PAae Lat Reals on fot eas hee Aas wale att ns SU Se ELA, 19 EPONA Bee hehe Ree mn ee, SURE OU nea age eae ees 19 Speanicddapats a TA gine a ease cous ko sds fee ea ee sarc siete 20 PS ELELS AE CONS esac ay te Siete hs age -tte te Wetec i ei Seay ae ale era a Se 20 Poliahinestgned:) Peper ete renk as Siete naa dies esate sass sees Sibi (ie Metates amde mannose s Hats Ske sre 2 2 fits Ae ee he OL ae 21 Marans an Gipenites sme Hemp ens e Seite ee Mase A hag BO Se ace 22 Miser lianeausistoneop ects. 27e we oe). toes Sr. oe we SRSA 23 LEDGE SG ATES OA opt Oe BROS eet eae pel nee i Ae eee es a ee SS, 24 Herne ney Re kanes # tritiee tee fe ee eco Sse aheesars bres s 8 25 rs) Gh Ou SUSI IUD Cen PEN OE Sw OTL S00 he's pa Se ae lege se Oi Ene 25 EEmompreasipinte sae seem a Sane tens 2 Saks INSP SST St rae eS: 26 lective GI AE ae eG ee ee ae ee 26 Bement pest DEAS series stoic senteie> t-rloniciocim sine Salas ao = SEK slates om aineiee 26 (bvedke <) (ap. {Roa OA Rina Heos Ob DAC IAGS Oe GOGH ere Heme a reer erste 27 LByeyehe gat (HES) hoa os OO Re Se Se ie ee re Sea cecenn RES 27 vi CONTENTS Bone artifacts—Continued. Bone xawils oi Foose bps ee ee eet ee es Bone needles and pins... > +55. secon ee Sac eee ee ee Spatules ie. sc kis. st ans ee ea sees i ee ee ene ae eee eee iBenevknife blades :.20-8 ee acte a) 5.2. ee he, Aan pe ee POMEE Yacoz- Serer Deen tea hes ee aioe Meets oe he Lo Sen eee eee Clayauand pastes 2.<-.c5 «ean ticn A oes eas See ee Chronology’ of the: Po-shw pottery .- . 25.2% 5.5.5... -- tee oe ae Se Pre-Pueblo warescxt ne os ens eee bs flee ete eee eee Duck or moccasin shape.-.-..---.---- SPE ORC PR PEE ae Pinched; ware x.2 sc 22 sues oe hone to aun le kee eee Black. cooking ware: 5. es Ge. 52S serpent etal oe ee eh IBISCUIt. Wares... 5.6523 eee eee occas oto Laan Sa eee eee Harlytypesins 22 fice Se nse eel) lc Seales aaa elie rea Middilety pests! sont teeree ec ie ee ee ne ae Late ty POs ws <2 cbc eee yee tks oes eee Sa cee Hoodbowilsw. 2 oto 25 oe ee oe ee eee arse waiter jae. =<. 2 2.65. cts tro, eee soa eee ea eee TM CISC CM WaATO™ Here beat tis ar eas ete he ce = ep Eee Reel Wweiwicacdencuseaksor ee Sd ae pe tae ate eee ae Yes sri eae DWecoratlonss= ee seo Fi PANE Hite, SRE Cia a ee tee ar eee Miscellanéotis: pottery ‘objects. 2s... so secs ~ secs Sees es « cence Moldies or molds <2 ro .28 Sone oo eas ee ee ite Se Pottemvadlidsie Sane tate ee ctias ns Core Se ee See ee ee eee Pottery: poreets...st-. 22.4: 20. seed jens deo ee coerce Cea eee eee Gaming: tallies. 2. sn .2. hs 2ee os 2 hee ee er oe ls Radles ordippersso3:52 Acc dacs otros Co ee! oe oe ae Prayer plume-bases<..< 225 cada. so eeteee Ae Seer Biscurt ware sherds)and handles 2.55 2.02.. <2. 2, (2 24 eon deeper po IRE TISNES - aicsc cis tiie see ee Sera cc cee rose clara ee coer cee ee Koshare-fetishs 22256022 2 ses bo cb ho de en Sogn Ske ee es ae ep eae ee ae WMinEstONes sj. s.aseiys oo.e Se aio eee ARe ae cee Solea DSSS ae eee opeepyeeere a ta ee Miscellaneous objectsas < 222-5. aa on 0 cee cone eens eee ee eee Basketryni con osu k come ee eioc ee eee eee piece 2 Say Bi aed Gr cee Pictographs. .<....\. coe rs ates eat S oes, ie elaine ha ap OP eae ae Sala 02): eee ean Ps aces) Nee AiR ne eas eA Tosca hoo SS ous Se ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES View of the ruin and the Chama River Valley. (Frontispiece. ) Map of Po-shu-ouinge. ; A. North side of the Chama Valley. B. Cross section of débrisin room. C. Cross section showing floor levels. Excavated rooms. A. Location 3. B. Location 10. C. Location 5. A. Mound of the round room. B. Walls and double floor in round room. C. Cobblestone outer walls of round room. D. Weavingroom. LE, F. Kitchen. A. Washed out wall locations. B,C. Foundation stones. D. Walls on top of the foundation. E. Cobblestone plugs. F. Cobblestone foundation. A. Wall construction showing nodules. B. A group of nodules. C. Roof frag- ment from Spring House, Mesa Verde National Park. D. Plaster on the wall. E. Plaster partly removed, showing rectangular checking. F. Broken plaster. A. Adobe brace for weak wall. B. Corner of a room with adobe plug on the floor. C. Paving, doorway and air vent. D. Double wall. E, F. Fireplace. A. Doorway with remains of stick lintel. B. Metate sealing doorway. C. Oval-topped doorway. D, E. Meal bin. . A,B. Adobe flooring. C. Plaster from walls. D. Stick markings in adobe floor. A. Unexcavated kiva site. B. Excavating the kiva. C. Kiva wall. A,B,C, F. Mauls. G. Tzii-wi or war ax heads. Polished ax heads. A. Crude implements. 8B. Crude ax heads. Crude flaked implements and cutting edges. Fine flaked implements. A. Knife blades. B. Javelin points. C. Ceremonial spearhead. D. Leafshaped. EE. Spearhead or knife. F. Slate implement. . Arrow heads. . Stone implements. A,C. Spheroids. B. Floor polishers. D. Quartz disk. F. Pottery polishers. A. Manos. 8B. Polishing stone for floors. . Mortars. A,B, C. Sandstone mortars. D,E. Lava mortars. F-M. Selenite mortars. . A. Bowl-shaped concretions. B. River bowlder mortar with pottery lid. C. Ring and ball concretions. D. Stone andirons. . Arrowshaft polishers. Miscellaneous stone objects. . A. Stone pot lid. B. Adobe plug. . Bone implements. A, B. Bone flakers. C. Heavy bone awls. Tanning tools. . Boneimplements. A, B. Tanning tools. C,D, #. Use unknown. . A, B. Part of a headdress. C. Bone breastplate. D, #. Weaving implement. F,G. Dirks: VII VIII ILLUSTRATIONS 28. Bone beads. 29. A, B. Bone turkey calls. C—H. Bone flutes or pipes. 30. A. Bone awls, split or hollow type. B,C, D. Pins. #. Needles, solid type. 31. A. Spatula. B,C. Bone knives. D. Bonesliver. EF. Spatulas. 32. Mammal and bird bones. 33. Miscellaneous bone objects. 34. A-G. Pipes. H, J. Pipes in course of manufacture. 35. Miscellaneous shells and pendants. 36. Clays and pastes. 37. Small pottery. 38. Duck or bird shaped pottery. 39. Cooking ware. 40. A, B. Uncovering a pot buried in the floor. C. Pot buried in débris. D. Pot- tery and metate in house débris. 41. Small biscuit ware bowls. 42. A. Incised ware. B. Biscuit ware. C. Chocolate paste ware. D. Red ware.: 43. Ceremonial pottery. 44. A. Biscuit ware. B. Incised ware. 45. Biscuit ware. 46. A, C-F. Biscuit ware. B. Glazed decorated ware. 47. A, B. Water jars of biscuit ware. C. Red ware with glazed decoration. 48. Incised water jars, chocolate paste. 49. A. Gaming tallies and spindle whorls. B. Implements for making pottery. 50. A. Pot lids. B. Gorgets. 51. Tiponi or prayer plume bases. 52. Unusual decorations on biscuit ware sherds. 53. Biscuit ware handles. 54. Miscellaneous objects. 55. Concretion fetishes. 56. Ceremonial objects. 57. Selenite ceremonial objects. 58. Mineral objects probably used as fetishes. 59. Koshare fetishes and ‘‘ firestone’’ kayes. 60. Wooden objects. 61. Miscellaneous objects. 62. Basket impressions in clay. 63. Pictographs. 64. Shrines. 65. Burials. TEXT FIGURES : Page 1. Map showing location of Po-shu-ouinge with reference to Abiquiu, N. 1 2). ae ey See eA a oe Mae a Alt reed Ae ay eS AT es eR Ae Ee TS 1 2. Cross section of house débris, showing stratification..........-......---- 6 3. Diagram of the Kiva: .).-teccduec esetee 16-. eee ee ei 16 4. Flag designs ...... Uh eee be. SG ae SLA UE oe eae pe ea ge Oe 42 5. A. Exterior decoration on small biscuit bowl. &. Interior decoration on the: same bowls ee a ee EE Be INE PRS eer 44 6: Interior decoration onpsmalllebowlle seas eee ee ee eee 45 7. Mountain and cloud decorations.......-......-- Daerah ees Ske aes ae METAS 45 8.. Turtle. 2. sjctedis eine SP Be URE eee ae ty ea er etal ogee lees: & 48 9. Interior and exterior decoration on biscuit ware tub.............-..-.-- 49 10. Interior and exterior decoration on biscult ware tub................---- 49 11. Interior and exterior decoration on biscuit ware food bowls..........--..-- 50 ILLUSTRATIONS 12. A. Centipede. B. Snakes. C. Fish. D. Dragonfly. EH. Head of centi- pedes He Wish. -G. Spider woman (Navaho). . 622.5: .2...2-.5-2.22- Gaelntenomdecorationron: pIscuit ware tUlbees]eeia4-4. ce cesses oes fe 14. Interior and exterior decoration on biscuit ware tub...................-- 15. Avaiiu interior decoration on biscuit ware tub-..................---..-- 16. Interior and exterior decoration on biscuit ware tub..................-- WieeeAcaniuedecoration on DISCUIt wales Ulbeee car eee seria cele oats le 55-2 see ecoration on biscuit uware Sherdees sm sae ee te ose ss 2 a e eoe oee e 19. Unilateral profile of cooking pots and water jars................-----.-- Aas Decotahion on DIscuLL WAG wabenjar-<- 254420222502. 502-25 h sect e ee ene aie ecoration On DISCUlt, WANG Wateh yale. 22%... --22--s2r ce Sei. o ewe es dees: PeeeDest i OO DISCIib Ware WALCO Jal <2 o maee em an et- o e pelosi ee ee = PpmnEE CIS CCla CLO SOME een = rere IC Me, c yer Re feral aa Sete safc ee Kicreidlecg Pei eCIseOMCeSIPNS. a2 is ass Se Sees SP ee ee Be epee Cece Zon lmcised:designs=. =... + <---i020 25 ee Me or Pes oe Ae 5 i a ee Pom CASE NMOS =i pts ee See no ee as ee co tes § eee op ees Zils” LUD SANE LATTES cee Ee dee a ea See aoa ees Deeelted ware loodabOwles ssmscc. we ee voce ee WTA Sot ESPACE ge TT ei COMMAS Ss ONVInaes -si eeey eA oa) eM VAY Soe ey eet SSC WAG IWALED Jabs joe's = not Seat). 2 ees lt esse SSEER TONSA MAE Flee irdeegconventlonalizeddtOrmsas= sae sees foaae Sele ae soe eee oe SO. AMET INERYO ENS Shs Gey eo eee eee aie aE Ane mp Se a er aya, LBSURGUSL, UN IGN Waves ae ee Se WS EE Ce ge gna, © Soe ae ee ae oem RC ROMEA ILO UMaine jeea tee ames spe elie ct yastee wie ye Nea e SEP LAtiCor Le WV Ord) SNTInes =o) sco. J~ 2 OBSIDIAN, used for arrowheads.........--.--- @PENENGS UNG WALLS 52155) saeco aicteln meee ORION TATION; Of TUM. c cele se ciite sem see ole ORIGIN (TRAD INDIO Naeeaeserstemere ates eee eater = l= OsBORN, HENRY F.., reference to.......-..-.- PAINT, BLACK, made from slate......-.------ PARAGONAH, UTAH, excavations at.......... IPASTE/ FOR POTTERY MAKING... .--aceweees PAVING— StoneusedWonses eevee eacn sess toe semee Wits DS sacs see clse nce tveria ae eects PECTUNCULUS, worn as a pendant.........-. PENDANTS— necklace, bones used aS..........-------- Olmainted stones ses acce ecen = dees OfMmotteTygaaecene seis o > sniasisese ame araloee Ofseleniie@asccessctesoccee sett ccece ese Of Shells sess gasses EL SU ee ee WMHpPlerced cos .s- = taste eee aioe eels ne See GORGETS. Pesede, spindle whorls found at............- PESTUES fOUMG Un TU cen nace sees see cee PicTOGRAPHS found during excavation ...... PINCHED WARE, only piece of.............-- PINS) BONES USO Ofescoscc- sco accent sees PiIres— CELOMONI ANE ems soot ce cotter sees ele se Gecorations Oneeesecce oe lseee l= se sats ale New, Lormy Obs See sires sajelseeeeee eee WAL HM ATCLAl WANES scr cteicicloieicicie sa ae cirinie = IPT SCENE OORS ame ete sae ciesratal= ale -latocia ne == PLACE NAMES. See TEWA PLACE NAMES. PLASTER— Daintedes ems ocec ence aioe ee seseee sclsc sae white, on walls of kiva.............--.-- PLATE, ADOBE, for baking bread............. PLAZAS— Gesen bedi erscceschss cmc isccicmcslnecmeccicre MERSUNEMENLUS Of). 5 oe asee tele one cioaelc PLuGs for openingsin walls..........-...-.- PLUMED SERPENT, head of, as decoration... IPOINDEDISTONES, USG:Of- 22222 ce wien eisini=e cisie POLISHING STONES, use of,in pottery making. PO-SHU-OUINGE— abandonedamihastel-sa-.- sccce cen ccntees a Duildings composing ---seseessess-cces OXPeditlON WO acess secs acess scene ceens Ie OoooococossonnscuaBesseusoecesos meaning Ofnameseese soe sa- ce eeisescisweee See RUIN. POTSHERDS, used for grinding tools.......... PoOTTERY— anandoned at ruin: 22252. --2eceececees Chronologysofest= seen seein ote eceeee Geconaionloiaeeen sense ene nce ote ceeee distribution of,im rooms.........-.2---- FOE COTEMOMIBEUISE] eee e ess eee anise sae found in'storage room. -5.-..--45----.2- implements for shaping...............-.- influences attecting 294. e mae eases aces method! of polishing: 22-2. seseeeeeeess- 5: ouiality: Of. 225. d-62<55- 5252 esee eee oe technique of making.) 5.2 -.c--ceerse INDEX 79 Page. Page. 30 | PoTTERY—Continued. 28 types of, found at Po-shu...........-.... 34-35 19 RATIO LLASTOR te core clare seis Narco en a 37 PSE MEAN NR PLUME aR ASE Sissy oss sic a ekseeee 64-65, 66 1-8) | EREARUEBLOL WARE! jmasse crete: ascents 38 75 | PROBLEMATICAL OBJECT, explanation of-.-.... 36-37 19 | PuEBLO BonirTo, pipes from.......-.......-. 31 24 | PuryE— 66 red wareabundant ing22 28 2. - 5222222252 58 12 spindle whorls found at................. 62 21 | QuaRTzZ— 36 used for arrowheads............-.-.-..-- 19 used fOniaNXeS=-s- acest ems EUR e eee 18 24 EUAING (DTayin SHOP = scene se ncenn eee eee see 72 15 | RAIN CEREMONIES, stones used in.........-- 68 342 | CRED WARE... ~ 5. 5s5eas-adcasee eso eee ee 58-59 colored with yellow ochre.............--. 36 30 | RETAINING WALL, use of..............-...--- 12 33 | RING OF STONE, a natural formation. ....... 24 33 | Rio PUERCO CULTURE suggested by speci- 33 WED meide OAAMOGORETRMSAE SOAPS cons ssa seeS 47 34) | PROOKS constructiomOfa: ss---2ee eee ee ase 16 33 | Rooms— dimensionSiof= ss. 4- aes eee een 8-10 62 Srindinig Sj aoestseeaaeicacieise > once SERRE 10 22 IKitChetivs. esece cess oe GC eiceoe oe ee eeeE ee 9-10 70 FOUN ete a ae aisisleials e's Sercin ss cee sees 8-9 39 Storaveticeemseee cece etee cae aeeeesre ee 8 28 CA VIM So acc-tc osetia e srer en ias 10 Ruin— 32 indication ofiage) Of -.s-es2o5--2) aes 8,39 32 orientation of.......--.. Seas eece eee eee 7-8 31 See Po-SHU-OUINGE. 32 | SAN JUAN DRAINAGE, pottery of...........-- 57 15 | San JUAN INDIANS, claim of ruin by......-.. 3 SANDSTONE, USE OF— foriandironsis fice ck sae soe eee eens 24 12 for arrowshaft straighteners.......-...-.- 23 17 fOE MOLtars sss acess eee am sees seis eee 22 10 | SANTA CLARA INDIANS— claim ofinuint byes meer ee ee 3 5 vheoryadvanced Dy see. = scerecl= 2 -l-ee = 12 7 WOLK Olen eter cpm es aceaiae hic mene anaes 4 13 | Saws, serrated flakes used as.........--.---- 19 60 | ScRAPERS— 19 fiakesmsedsass=c,6 48 mc nsaces cost cneeneoe 19 21 for tanning hides=sos-s--pees---62 sea 25-26 SEEDS foun Gime Ui seen meee eee eso 69, 76 3 | SELENITE— 5 pendantsmmaderof= ste 5- cas cee ans 33 4 Possible mserOte ese eeeeease = eee eer 65 1,2 | SHELLS— 1 Appleclavlow Of s-ja.5 as seje ase ste -feis os a= 34 Danter inlet eer Sate se asin laine aisles aie imia 33 24 headsiofes 32 js aes sac stesisee ceciee sce sc 68 tISed as DellSse a= ce cee sisente wieiaeese see's 34 3 | SHRINES— : 37 as places ofprayensaas =n nee ae leet 72 41-64 TARP C MIM DOL) Olesen ete asi alate sea == 71 35 | SLATE— 36 Speclimen) ia. de Otescenme asians aeteass2 26 8 USEGMOR pI PME Messe eae sae = ore 24 63 | SLIE— 40 fn aosqoodsooodcsoconnabaeadosenes oneer 46, 47 21 on biscuit ware. ....-.-- Rilo a deiw's\secceeae 41 76 red, method of obtaining. .............-- 36 37 | SNAKEs as decoration on pottery. .-....-.-- 43, 45, 50 80 INDEX Page Page. SPATULAS, possibleuse Of- 2 pect eset ee ase 29 | TURKEY CALLS, made of bone...............- 27 SPEARHEADS, Ceremonial..............------ 20 | TURKEY EGGs, found in ruin................ 68-69 SPHEROIDS— TURQUOISE— Giversity:Ofe. eo cca ree eae eee 20 beads Of= ..c 235-8 sees es ee 43 found with mMorbarssss-.ce. cease o eee ee 22 used! for.inlaying=.< .- caste eee eeeeeee 68 SPIDER WOMAN DECORATION.........------- 50,51 | TURQUOISE VILLAGE, ruin known as......_.. 1 SPINDLE WHORLS, of pottery..........------- 62 | TURTLE, as decoration.........-.-......-.--- 48 Spring HousE, MESA VERDE, illustration VENTS in: walls 2 ceesenee cet easee boas 13 APO aes ee oe a IE 16 | WALLs— STONE— double. < ..J2i62635602 32 eee 13 artifacts of, workmanship shown in...... 17 method! of.erectings2cems se. ssee eee 11,12 slab) of, for closing door seaeeses te eeeee 24 openings in... -c55-S-tt 2. ea eeeeeeeee 13 Se Of forf COTS! a 54-c.52Ssmaccte ee eee 15 plastered). Si2cccons coaens eee ee 12, 13 msediasipaving) sss 4555-8 sone eee 24 | WALTER, PauL A. F., acknowledgment to... 4 SroRAGE| ROOM, -j2 !2eat seas ee eee 8 | WAsH— STRATIFICATION OF DEBRIS..........--------- floors \coated with. 54-2 tssesee nese 14 SUN GOD, ceremony connected with. ........ 70 on walls, number of coats............---. 12 Swaso, ANICETO, foreman on expedition. --. 4. || WATERJARS. .... <. 225 .25-boad-be aoe ee 53-54 information furnished by.........- 20, 70, 72, 76 MIM ACUEO 5 onc ae see eee eee 38-39 SYMBOLISM OF INCISED DESIGN............--- 56 Shapes Of. <2 <2 c5sasccese see eee eee eee 54 PAPEIES TOmea min eee. See ese eee eee 64 | WATER SUPPLY OF PO-SHU-OUINGE......--.- 2 TEWA PLACE NAMES— WEAVING, bones used in=..=2..-522-.2seeee 31 LeATay avin sack oe ee ce nw Dn SNA Se mh 3 | WEAVING ROOM, described..........-...-.-. 10 Po-sHU-OWlin Pele se saeco see ee 1 | Witson, Mrs. Lucy L. W., quoted on “‘hand - NUTTIN AN Osea erate Res oad ee oes Soe 2 Sign ’??io) os. .22s.coe Le tleh tee ee eee 60 MOBACCOMUSE Oleeee ee sesesecasesssesac eee 31 |, WOMEN, jactivitiesiol.<--.--sss2se2e-eee= 10, 11, 21 TRADITIONS— WOODEN OBJECTS found in ruin............. 68 of pilgrimage to “‘sky-blue water’ ....... 33), |) WiORED/ SHRINE. cc. nstem sl=tateieiele sleet 71 Of settling OfEO-shiesa seas soa asaee ee 76 | YARROW, H.C.— TUBES, BONE, possible use of..........-..--- 26 quoted on burials...............----.---- 74-75 TUBS, BISCUIT WARE, decoration on.........- 49-53 TUN WVASIEd) DY = a[-1- oe = aa omelet 3 T’ UMAYO— YELLOW OCHRE, used in red ware........--- 36 materials obtained from................. 9 | Yucca, baskets probably made of..-........ 70 Tewa name of mountain................. 2 BUREAU OF = eee SS = Loc4 SPIT WS Tint alates ale Fe Be ee ns S=p--5--=--- Pia ics ts Rea ene ap rs ee feta ae wa aU aa fe } Too rhentnn-9-=2b -- ot risks icioea femat /aicsen omit Go] ‘ ' . 1 pe eet enn bnn eb Sa gee cece ies Sees ieee teat Seti a a a ‘ ' i rook 1 t ee ae a a ey pee Sey eee eee es ! seat ete el eal | | PC “CALA NEA PLATE 1 BULLETIN 81 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY ——2 stories high——- wen p—— (ae eae OS | ; D Fo reigns ee i reg a, mart eb fe + -- +E BES Rae | Toren ep 8 ay See ae eee Ee eS ee Fin eerie ied tee et ett jnoww boo J= = tb == hod eh ee ae } a Peet =~4- Fen tee “+ --r- PEATE. 9 Adobe flooring. Stick markings in adobe floor. Photographs by Wesley Bradfield. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY A. Unexcavated kiva site. BULLETIN 81 PLATE C. Kiva wall. 10 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 11 TZII-WI OR WAR-AX HEADS. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 12 POLISHED AX HEADS BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 13 B. Crude ax heads. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 14 CRUDE FLAKED IMPLEMENTS AND CUTTING EDGES. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUIEEETIN Sci EAT ENS FINE FLAKED IMPLEMENTS. A. Knife blades. D. Leaf shaped. B. Javelin points. £. Spearhead or knife. C. Ceremonial spearhead. F. Slate implement. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 16 ARROWHEADS. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUERETIN Sil SPAT Esty, STONE IMPLEMENTS. A, C. Spheroids. B. Floor polishers. D. Quartz disk. J, Pottery polishers. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUEEERIN si PEATE 18 A. Manos. &. Polishing stone for floors, BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 19 MORTARS. A,B, C. Sandstone mortars. D, E. Lava mortars. F-M. Selenite mortars. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUEEERIN Si PEATE 20) A. Bowl-shaped concretions. B. River bowlder mortar with pottery lid. C. Ring and ball concretions. D. Stone andirons. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUREERINS Sit REATIE 21 ARROW-SHAFT POLISHERS. Those in the upper row are of pottery and were used to sharpen bone implements. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUEEERIN 81) PEATE 22 MISCELLANEOUS STONE OBJECTS. “snid eqopy ‘g “pi, od euoyg «py €6 3LV1id 18 NiLaTING ASOIONHLA NVOIYSWY 40 nvaung BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 24 BONE IMPLEMENTS. A,B. Bone flakers. C. Heavy bone awls. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUEEEMIN Sis PEATE S25 TANNING TOOLS. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUIEEEMIN Si) PEATE 26 BONE IMPLEMENTS. A, B. Tanning tools. C, D, £. Use unknown. BUREAU. OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 27 Ar B. Part of aheaddress. C. Bone breastplate. D, E. Weavingimplements. /F, G. Dirks. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 28 BONE BEADS. BUREAU OF a: epee gree tyrepemnenennsecinetesnemraeternrne emetic: ngontet ntti AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY t . 4 a ii ae A, B, Bone turkey calls. BULLETIN 81 C-H. Bone flutes or pipes. PLATE 29 PEATE 30 BULLETIN 81 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY E B meggeat a on: ne ee b, C,D. Pins. £., F. Needles, solid type. A. Bone awls, split or hollow type. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY A. Spatula. B, C. Bone knives. D. Bone sliver. BULLETIN 81 E. Spatulas. PLATE 31 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 32 MAMMAL AND BIRD BONES. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 MISCELLANEOUS BONE OBJECTS. PLATE 33 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 34 PIPES. PIPES IN COURSE OF MANUFACTURE. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 35 MISCELLANEOUS SHELLS AND PENDANTS. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 36 CLAYS AND PASTES. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUIEEETIN Si) SREATE 37, F. Pinched ware. als EF. SMALL POTTERY. "“AYS1L1L0d GSdVHS GYId YO MONG Sew eV alco tS Ni Peale ie ‘ ADOIONHLA NVOIYSAWV SO NVvadnd BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE COOKING WARE. 39 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUEEETIN’ si” PEATE A, B. Uncovering a pot buried in the floor. C. Pot buried Photographs by Wesley Bradfield. in débris. D. Pottery and metate in house débris. 40 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 41 SMALL BISCUIT WARE BOWLS. ‘OIVM poy “CT ‘orvM o4sed ayeToo0yO *9 *OIVM JINOSTIG, “I ‘IM Pastouy °P cy 31LV1id 18 NILSTING ASOIONHLA NVOIGAWVY 40 Nvaansa BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUEEETIN 81 PEATE 43 C. E. CEREMONIAL POTTERY. “OI@M Posfouyl *g— ‘oIeM YIMOSTG *¥ ia? SU el (he) INISESIalaatel ADOIONHLA NVOIYAWYV 4SO NVvadnd BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 45 BISCUIT WARE. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE A, C-F. Biscuit ware. B. Glazed decorated ware. 46 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUIEEERING Si> PEATEs 47, A. Water jars of biscuit ware. B. Water jars of biscuit ware. C. Red ware with glazed decoration. "ALSVd ALVIOOOHOSO ‘SHYVP YHALVM CSSIONI 8y ALVid 18 NILA71NG ASOIONHLA NVOIYAWVY 4AO Nvaund BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 49 A. Three at top, gaming tallies; others, spindle whorls. B. Implements for making pottery. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY A. Pot lids. B. Gorgets. BULLETIN 81 PLATE 50 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 51 TIPONI OR PRAYER PLUME BASES. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUEEETIN si PEATE 52 UNUSUAL DECORATIONS ON BISCUIT WARE SHERDS. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUIEE ERIN Si) IRIEATES S53 BISCUIT WARE HANDLES. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 54 MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS. A. Turquoise for inlay. B. Turquoise bead. C. Shell bead. D. Bit of chalcedony. £. Turquoise matrix. #. Copper ore. G. Bits of agate. H. Bits of smooth “lucky” stones. J. Olivella shells. J. Nassa shell. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLERIN 81> IREATIENSS CONCRETION FET!SHES. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 56 CEREMONIAL OBJECTS. uv BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 81 PLATE 57 SELENITE CEREMONIAL OBJECTS. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BUEEERIN <8 PEATE 58 MINERAL OBJECTS PROBABLY USED AS FETISHES. Sil RAE mS9) BULLETIN BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY wD > Photographs by Wesley Bradfield. ’ , A a Cots Ta inl nah : hits . a ¥ Av hg i — os ae ee —_ a & 2-2 ee co a an EY as ee wee eG: no wl x < es o - z 42 E =) = a 7) 5= sz a= z °o 1a Fs es = @ ~ © | N © | ————— —SS—— —__—— —————— —— — ——7 ———— —— ——SS— SS ot ——————— ——— ————— SSS tj ttt SLL Vis tis sss ty, Ye ws typ tj Z tj 3 9088 01421 II Gy Z tj tj ZL bj tits; ty YY \\ \\\\ ti tj; SY titi 7 SS tite tj; ty thj WY by Z IQY QY