. a ars Foch eee eee tac eseieenme x ipaeesee eee oS : Pe raree ake rine ars hE ere ited ere ous aa paty ee -O~ Yt ~ Ce air ene ae Pot ee Samtaneeeeern ee te tn OT, + 4, Zoeerer—e:* = Pe aly ere cn sa ete wth Te me nbc we te oe es CR nh tere sath tant : een he ir tal mar Io (nt oa AT poet ow — Randa tee ee fe Oe ieee ae atte yo : Won pone : . — eee) pene tant eerie : re 2 cH ae a Sretncmed Lr leah ‘1 paced ima “ Soaenael Sf SPH ieee ier user (tne nal’ moots eT gene inere price eaten Soh Oe epemvoiets — Oe er debe - ~ pore Finer meee | .. eS eta argent Adv ie Satin tw Ho heEn penne Ye pase ane ; =p sett herr eee ae < 1 Pree 7 ea OF ho J BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PARK, NEw York City. (77th Street and 8th Avenue.) Volume [1, 1887-90. NEW YORK: PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. 1890. American Museum of Natural History. OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES FOR 1890. President. MORRIS K. JESUP. Vice-Presidents. JAMES M. CONSTABLE. D. JACKSON STEWARD. Secretary. ALBERT S. BICKMORE., Treasurer. J. PIERPONT MORGAN. Executive Committee. JAMES M. CONSTABLE, Chairman. H. R. BISHOP. OLIVER HARRIMAN. CHAS. G. LANDON. The President and Secretary, e2z-offcio. Auditing Committee. CHARLES LANIER. ADRIAN ISELIN. WILLIAM E. DODGE. Finance Committee. J. PIERPONT MORGAN. D. O. MILLS. PERCY R. PYNE. BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1890. Morris K. JEsuP. WituiAM E. Dopce. CuHas. G. LANDON. BENJAMIN H. FIELD. ANDREW H. GREEN. H. R. BisHop. ADRIAN ISELIN. ABRAM S, HEWITT. ALBERT. S. BICKMORE. J. PIERPONT MORGAN. CHARLES LANIER. THEODORE ROOSEVELT. D. JACKSON STEWARD. HuGH AUCHINCLOss. OSWALD OTTENDORFER. JosEpH H. CHOATE. OLIVER HARRIMAN. J. HAMPDEN Ross. Percy R. PYNE. C. VANDERBILT. D. WILLIs JAMES. JAMES M. CONSTABLE. D. O. MILLS, Levi P. Morton. Pror. ALBERT S. BICKMORE, Curator of the Ethnological Department, and in charge of the Department of Public Instruction, Pror. R, P. WHITFIELD, Curator of the Geological, Mineralogical and Conchological Departments. L. P. GRATACAP, Assistant Curator of the Geological Department. Pror. J. A. ALLEN, Curator of the Departments of Ornithology, Mammalogy, Fishes and Reptiles. Also temporarily in charge of the Department of Invertebrate Zodlogy. FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Assistant Curator of the Department of Ornithology and Mammalogy. JENNESS RICHARDSON, Taxidermic Department. A. WOODWARD, Librarian. WILLIAM WALLACE, Superintendent of Building. JOHN H. WINSER, Assistant Secretary. CONTENTS OF VOLUME II. MO OUER Sancta Sheet is see es We ubee ss Madinicgint s/s SS cove alae i. List of Trustees, Officers and Committees... ............ 00. ce eee eee eee iii. MED shay Sasol SOR oA R Se a PV gs Sew Od S eS RT OE eee Aye v. List of Illustrations..... .. Ba Reabuirkte Wie wicie bi the Paes Aaa acting gah aby oa eater vi. Dates of publication of author’s Separates..........+... 6. ee eee eee ee vi. PERS ANC) (ORYROQUOUS sc 5) Neos wis 9 au sreie cise ee ts )ee'w ai nies. lari ee ees vii. PAGE ArT. I.—The West Indian Seal (A/onachus tropicalis Gray). By J. A PENG ce badly. Pune 4 oak cts ehh ines ake a ara eV Oh ale wie eo <. hee I II.—Note on Squalodont Remains from Charleston, S.C. By J. A. PUEREN: SOG ae ae Be cig BRU Oe Pate a sleet GR gis ged Wierelcs Re ayere ts e.g 35 III.—Observations on some imperfectly known Fossils from the Calcif- erous Sandrock of Lake Champlain, and Descriptions of several New Forms. By R. P. WHITFIELD... .. 02... 60-seecdeeeee: 41 IV.—Additional Notes on Asaphus canalis Conrad. By R. P. OVP ERIBOE Oo Siisrerecigs bots pels ate idle biased ee plepieur iets oe ard 64 V.—Description of a New Form of fossil Balanoid Cirripede, from the Marcellus Shale of New York. By R. P. WHITFIELD... 66 VI.—Notes on a Collection of Birds from Quito, Ecuador. By J. A. ELGIG os occ 5 Paced Fe, se PRR ghee sme Senha a haa’ 69 VII.—List of the Birds collected in Bolivia by Dr. H. H. Rusby, with Field Notes by the Collector. By J. A. ALLEN............. 79 VIII.-——Note on the Faunal Resemblance between the Cretaceous For- mations of New Jersey, and those of the Gulf States. By R. BT EPMO hss on doce ic waists caxn nee ed wa Caria eae whe 113 IX.—Preliminary Descriptions of two apparently New Species of the Genus Hesperomys from Florida. By FRANK M. CHAPMAN.. II7 X.—Descriptipn of a new Subspecies of the Genus Sigmodon from Southern Florida. By FRANK M. CHAPMAN............... 118 XI.—On the Habits of the Round-tailed Muskrat (Meofiber alleni True). By FRANK M. CHAPMAN ......0ccseccccceccetaesees IIg XII.—On Cyclorhis viridis (Vieill.) and its near Allies, with Remarks on other Species of the Genus Cyclorhis. By J. A. ALLEN.. 121 XIII.—Descriptions of New Species of South American Birds, with Remarks on various other little-known Species. By J. A. DELS StS shisha cass atl qc racantntaraic Rico! Siig at acAaNG 5. ala! cae Ra lone 137 XIV.—A Revision of the Genus Xiphorhynchus Swainson, with De- scriptions of two New Species. By FRANK M. CHAPMAN... 153 vi. List of Illustrations, etc. PAGE XV.—Description of a New Species of Hummingbird of the Genus Amazilia. By FRANK M. CHAPMAN .. .....0..22 cesses 163 XVI.—Notes on a Collection of Mammals from Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species of the Genera Sciurus, Tamias, and. Sigmodon. By J. AS ALLEN: 0050) ssa aiaily halon 165 XVII.—Further Note on Amazilia eneobrunnea. By FRANK M. CMEAPMAT 5 25:0 SSE Fa A eae ee 182 XVIII.—-Remarks on Individual and Seasonal Variation in a large Series of EZlainea from Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil, with a Re- vision of the Species of the restricted Genus Zlainea. By J. PRS ELEN 5:50:09 co 8 0! SW etinn 9 bd aLe Age 4 Ome nee ee ere 183 XIX.—On the Maximilian Types of South American Birds in the American Museum of Natural History. By J. A. ALLEN.... 209 XX.—Descriptions of supposed New Species and Subspecies of Mant- mals from Arizona. By EpGAR A. MEARNS, Assistant Sur- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Cuts. Heads:of various species of Cyclorhts...... yesichaiveissices trees up tienen 125 Bills of ‘various forms of Zlaimea).o5 oss os 6 6 alc. «a a) ease bee ee IgI Plates. Pl. I.—West Indian Seal (Wonachus tropicalis). II.—Skulls of same. III.—Skulls and limb-bones of same. IV.—Rostral portion of skull of Sgualodon tiedemant. V.—Rostral portion of skull and mandibular ramus of same. VI-XIII.—Lake Champlain Fossils. Each plate is faced by an explana- tory leaf. . DATES OF PUBLICATION OF AUTHOR’S SEPARATES. ArT. I and II, April 25, 1877. Art. VI and VII, March 22, 1889. Art. [X- XI, June 7, 1889. Art. XII, June 17, 1889. Art. XIII, June 28, 1889. Art. XIV, July 5, 1889. Art. XV, July 10, 1889. Art. XVI and XVII, October 21, 1889. Art. XVIII, October 31, 1889. Art. XIX, December, 1889. Art. XX, February 21, 18go. , From page 117 to the end of the Volume a small number of copies of the Bulletin were issued in sheets as soon as they were printed. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Page 1, lines 25 and 26 from top, for ‘‘ the British Museum specimen, it is said, having disappeared,” read except the original British Museum specimen. This correction was made in a “‘ Postscript,” issued as an ‘‘ inset” to face page 1, of the regular edition of the Bulletin. This self-explanatory post- script is for obvious reasons here reproduced. ‘*Postscript [to Art. I]. ._ “ Since the separates of the paper on the West Indian Seal were published, I have been kindly informed by Oldfield Thomas, Esq., Curator of the Depart- ment of Mammals in the British Museum, that Gosse’s original specimen, the type of Wonachus tropicalis, is still in the British Museum, ‘ stuffed and exhibited in the’"Mammal Gallery, as well as the so-called ‘ Cystophora antillarum.’ The statement on page I (line 25), that ‘the British Museum specimen, it is said, having disappeared,’ was made on what was with good reason supposed to be trustworthy authority. (See Science, Vol. III, No. 72, June 20, 1884, p. 752.) It proving otherwise, I am desirous of making the necessary correction. _ “* The second reference in the synonymy (page 3) should be cancelled, as the specimen later described by Dr. Gray as Phoca tropicalis was in this connection referred to merely incidentally, as stated on page 24, line 5.—J. A. ALLEN. May 25, 1887.” Page 1, dele lines 12 and 13 from bottom. “* 45, line 10 from bottom, for Tryblidium read Triblidium. 72, line 9 from top, for Spermophila read Sporophila. 80, line 8 from bottom, for m. (= millimetres) read mm., and so in all similar cases from p. 80 to p. 100, inclusive. 87, line 3 from bottom, for Brazilian read Bolivian. gI, line 15 from top, for 92.5 m. read 9.25 mm. 95, line 9 from bottom, for Formicctvora read Formicivora. 134, line 12 from top, for Northwestern read Northeastern. ** 165, lines 2 and g from bottom, and p. 166, line 17 from top, for Hidalgo read Hacienda. “* 167, line 11 from top, for Seciurus alstoni read Sciurus nayaritensis.* “195, line 4 from bottom, for Miopagis read Myiopagis. “* 195, line 1 from bottom, for Myopagis read Myiopagis. ac *Since the publication of the paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on a Collection of Mammals from Southern Mexico,” etc. (pp. 165-181. published Oct. 21, 1889), my friend Mr. Oldfield Thomas, Curator of Mammals in the Natural History Department of the British Museum, has called my attention to the fact that the name Sciurus alstoni, given as above, is preoccupied by a Sczurus alstoni Anderson, published in 1878. I therefore take this opportunity of substituting nayari- tensis for alstoni as the designation for the species named Sciurus alstoni on p. 167.—J. A. ALLEN. Vili. Additions and Corrections. Page 214, line 8 from bottom, for Anthus, sp. incog., and for the following seven lines, substitute the following : Geobates pecilopterus (Wied). Anthus pecilopterus WiED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., III, i, 1830, p. 633. Geobates pacilopterus SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1866, p. 205, pl. xxi; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, 1868, p. 35. Not in the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. ; not entered in the Wied MS. Catalogue. This species is the subject of a short paper by Mr. Sclater, published in 1866 (1. c.), in which he identified Wied’s Anthus pacilopterus as above, giving a figure of this rare species, apparently from a specimen collected by Natterer. I am indebted to Mr. Osbert Salvin for kindly baer my attention to Dr. Sclater’s paper.—J. A. ALLEN. . Page 217, line 19 from top, dele sentence beginning ‘‘ Opposite this entry,” etc. See footnote to p. 274. ‘* 223, line 6 from bottom, for hypoleucus read hypoleuea. ‘* 281, line g from top, and p. 275, line 2 from bottom, for rnfimarginata read rufimarginatus. ‘* 261, line 1 from top, for aethereus read wethereus. 265, line 7 from bottom, for pudsatris read pulsatrix. 273, line 2 from bottom, right hand column, for Leucopternus read Urubitinga. 274, line 36 from top, right hand column, for Anthus, sp. incog., read Geobates peecilopterus.. sane POST SECRI LE, — JS lished, I have been kindly informed by Oldfield Thomas, the Department of Mammals in the British Museum, that specimen, the type of Monachus tropicalis, is still in the ] ‘stuffed and exhibited in the Mammal Gallery, as ‘ Cystophora antillarum’.” The statement on page 3 (1 British Mapenm oh ees it is said, heving 3a Science, Vol. III, No. 72, June 20, 1884, p. 752.) I am desirous of making the necessary correction. connection referred to merely incidentally, as stated on. May 25, 1887. . ' ARTICLE I1.—Zhe West Indian Seal ( Monachus tropicalis Gray ue By J. A. ALLEN. PLATES I-IV. THE existence of a Seal in the sub-tropical waters of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea has been known for nearly four centuries, but only within the last fifty years has it been formally recognized in systematic zodlogy, and not till within the last two or three years have we had any knowledge of its characters beyond the information given by Hill and Gosse, published about forty years ago, based on two specimens taken off the coast of Jamaica. An imperfect skin, without skull, was soon after transmitted by Mr. P. H. Gosse to the British Museum, which, up to the present time, has constituted the only specimen of this animal known to be extant in any European museum. It was on this precious relic that the late Dr. J. E. Gray based the name Phoca (later Monachus) tropicalis. No other specimen appears to have come into the, hands of naturalists till 1883, when a half-grown individual was captured on the coast of Cuba, and fell into the hands of Professor Felipé Poey, of Havana, who had it mounted, and in October of the same year presented it to the U. S. National Museum. The specimen, when afterward remounted, was found to contain the skull, which was removed, and has been recently described and figured.* This, up to December, 1886, was practically the only specimen known to be anywhere extant, the British Museum specimen, it is said, having disappeared.t{ During this month Mr. Henry L. Ward, of Rochester, son of Professor Henry A. Ward, the well- known ‘ museum-builder,’ visited the three little keys off the north- west coast of Yucatan known as The Triangles, for the express purpose of securing specimens of this rare animal—Professor Ward having a short time before heard of its occurrence at this locality. Mr. H. L. Ward was joined in his expedition at Cam- peche by Mr. Fernando Ferrari-Perez, Naturalist-in-chief of the Mexican Geographical and Exploring Commission, where they * The West Indian Seal (Monachus tropicalis, Gray). By Frederick W. True and F. A. Lucas. < Smiths. Rep., 1884, pt. II (Dec., 1886), pp. 331-335, pll. i-iii. + Since the above was written I have learned from Mr. H, L. Ward that there are “ two small skins in Mexico,”’ in the National Museum of the City of Mexico, which are said to have been taken about five years since at the East Triangle, by the crew of a vessel which was blown out of her course and compelled to anchor there by stress of weather. | April, 1887.] 2 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. I, together chartered a small schooner to visit The Triangles, which they reach Dec. 1, 1886. They found the Seals there in consid- erable numbers, but the weather proved unpropicious, and at the end of three days they were obliged, by the approach of a violent ‘norther,’ to put to sea with their work unfinished. Several dead Seals had to be abandoned on the keys, and the specimens secured they were obliged to hastily put aboard their vessel without proper care for their preservation ; but they fortunately reached Campeche in fair condition, and were then properly preserved for the homeward trip. Forty-nine Seals were killed, forty-two of which were taken away, but one of them was afterward lost. The specimens finally secured numbered thirty-four skins and seven skeletons, which were equally shared by Mr. Ward and Mr. Ferrari-Perez. The greater part of Mr. Ward’s share of the spoils, including the skins, one skeleton, and a series of skulls, reached Rochester January 2, 1887 ; and, through the kindness of Professor Ward and his son, I had the opportunity two days later of examining in Rochester this interesting material, and of taking measurements and notes of the full series of skins and skulls. These included adult males and females, and other speci- mens in various stages of immaturity. Three of the skins—an adult male, an adult female, and a suckling young one (the only very young one secured)—and the skeleton (an adult male), were immediately purchased for the American Museum of Natural History. . Three additional skulls and the skeleton of an adult female were loaned me by Mr. Ward for use in the preparation of the present paper. I am thus greatly indebted to the Messrs. Ward,* father and son, for their kindness in promptly placing in my hands the important material forming the basis of the present article. A preliminary notice of this material was published in Scéence, in the issue for Jan. 14, and a supplementary notice in the follow- ing number of the same journal.+ In preparing the following pages I have had, for purposes of * Professor Ward had been for several years on the alert for this hitherto almost mythical species, and last Pa xae: while in Mexico, learned for the first time of the probable whereabouts of a small colony of them. To his son, Henry L. Ward, however, is due not only great credit for energy and enterprise in undertaking the search and successfully accomplishing the expedition, but for his readiness to assume all the risks attending it. + Science, Vol. IX, No. 206, p. 35, Jan. 14, 1887, and No. 207, p. 595 Jan. 21, 1887. [ Apri, al el a A Ie ae AIS ere ees No. 1.] Allen on the West Indian Seal. 3 comparison, not only complete skeletons of the common Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) and the Bearded Seal (Zrignathus barbatus), but a good series of skulls of these species, and of the Hooded Seal (Cystophora cristata), and of other species of the genus Poca, and one skull of the Gray Seal (Halicherus grypus), all belonging to the collection of the American Museum, and also a portion of a disarticulated skeleton of Cystophora cristata, kindly loaned me by the Cambridge Museum of Comparative Zodélogy, through the kind offices of Dr. D. D. Slade, curator of the Osteological Department. A few of the measurements given in the following pages are taken from my ‘ History of North American Pinnipeds,’ published in 1880. I have also made use of G. Cuvier’s descrip- tion of the osteology of the Monk Seal* (AZonachus monachust) as a basis of comparison with its West Indian congener, and of Messrs. True and Lucas’s excellent paper (1. c.) on the skull of the Cuban specimen of Monachus tropicalis. 1 regret that I am unable to compare this species, as regards its osteology, with any of the Phocids of the Southern Hemisphere, with which it seems to be in some respects allied, although not intimately, judging from the external characters and the published figures of the skulls of the Southern Phocids. Monachus tropicalis Gray. West INDIAN SEAL. Seal, DAMPIER, Voy. round the World, Vol. II, pt. 2, 3d ed., 1705, p. 23. Cystophora antillarum GRAY, Proc. Zoél. Soc. Lond., 1849, p. 93 (in part only). Phoca tropicalis GRayY, Cat. Seals Brit. Mus., 1850, p. 28. wilkianus GOssE, Naturalist’s Sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, Pp. 307. Monachus tropicalis Gray, Cat. Seals and Whales, 1866, p. 20 ; Hand List of Seals, 1874, p. 11. * Des Phoques vivans et de leur Ostéologie. is 100:;,4% be $1. at end of phalanges? oc /) 50 [5i. < aaNet cas 450 “* AIG, OF BOGE1O: CY a csr sk Nae Naas eam bee ania <8 120 “* PNCE VOCWERN OPOE. os sn ia scls hus b's kts een om co's 6 90° ** Circumference of body at axillz........ .--...--005 Feta 1,700 ‘‘ H Se BUMS igh pate Whe noe oi e.5 Ciaceee 640 ‘* mt DE head al Caescctraas cise ama nel Salec vip aibes iy 1887. | 6 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. \Vol. I, Doubtless adult males will range in length, in the flesh, from 7 to 8 feet, measured from the point of the nose to the end of the tail, and from about 7 feet 6 inches to 8 feet 10 inches from the nose to the end of the outstretched hind flippers, the latter meas- urement being about ro inches greater than the length from tip of nose to end of tail. OSTEOLOGICAL CHARACTERS.—The skeleton of J/onachus tropicalis indicates an animal of robust form and great strength, its bony framework being very heavy, and the processes for mus- cular attachment well developed. The species most strictly com- parable with it in general form (excepting of course 7. monachus), is the common Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina); in size it is quite equal to the Bearded Seal (Zrignathus barbatus), from which latter, however, it differs notably in the relative size of different parts, as will be presently shown. Skull (Pl. 11).—The brain-case is broad and somewhat de- pressed, the interorbital region broad and considerably arched ; the prefrontal region sloping, but very broad, to give place for the very heavy dentition, the breadth of muzzle being exceptionally great in proportion to the general breadth of the skull. The zygomata are strongly developed and well arched, the breadth at the most expanded part of the zygomatic arches being consider- ably greater than at the mastoid processes. ‘The anterior nares are broad and rather low, owing to the depression of the pre- frontal outline of the skull. The posterior nares are broad, and much vaulted. The paroccipital processes are strongly developed, in aged individuals attaining a length of 14 to 20 mm. The occipital crests become strongly developed in old individuals, in which also the sagittal becomes well marked. There is also in old age a quite distinct frontal process. ‘The mastoid region is — rather weakly produced, and the auditory bulle are unusually small and depressed, being not only relatively but absolutely much smaller than in Phoca vitulina, or evenin Phoca fetida, ‘The (relatively) slightly expanded bulla presents, in the adult, a gradu- ally sloping anterior and inner border, strongly in contrast with the abrupt, nearly vertical corresponding borders in most other Phocids, and is further exceptional in the position of the foramina | Aprit, No. 1.| Allen on the West Indian Seal. 7 on its inner wall, which it situated at the inner posterior angle, and opens posteriorly, instead of perforating the inner wall at a con- siderable distance from its posterior end, as in Phoca, Halicherus, and Erignathus. The palatine bones are broadly expanded ante- riorly, and join the maxillaries by a nearly straight transverse suture ; posteriorly they are deeply and triangularly emarginated, the excavation extending considerably more than one-half the distance from the pterygoid hamuli to the palato-maxillary suture, instead of much less than one-half, as is the case in Phoca vitu- lina, P. fetida, P. grenlandica, Erignathus barbatus, and the other true Phocids generally. The pterygoid hamuli are well produced, but thin, flat, and directed laterally. The chief structural peculiarity of the anteorbital portion of the skull is the extension of the malar upon the maxillary, the nearly closed and apparently half-obliterated anterior palatine foraminze, and the extension backward in a narrow sharp angle of the palatal surface of the premaxillaries. ‘The nasals are relatively very narrow, quite as narrow in front as in average specimens of Phoca vitulina, and taper nearly uniformly to a point. The lower jaw (PI. II, figg. 5, 6) is remarkable, as already noted by Messrs. True and Lucas (I. c.), for the very low position of its condyle, the lower border of which is on a level with a line through the points of the molar teeth. The lower border of the -ramus, posteriorly, is rolled outward, instead of inward as in most Phocids ; the angle is but little produced and arises mainly from the inner border of the ramus ; the coronoid is strongly developed, a little recurved, and turned somewhat outward. The symphysial portion of the jawis thick and heavy, the symphasis quite ex- tended and firm, and in old age the two rami appear to become firmly united. The subjoined table gives detailed measurements of two adult and one very young skull, and with them, for purposes of com- parisons, the corresponding measurements of adult skulls of Monachus monachus, Phoca vitulina, Erignathus barbatus, and Cystophora cristata, the measurements of M7. monachus being from Cuvier.* * Ossem. fossiles, Vol. V, pt. 1, 1823, pp. 228, 229. 1887. | yf Natural History. Bulletin American Museum o , 8 ee ee ee [ Vol. II, 99 GP SP cg eee Ig eee Gg eG Valea ace BRN SE Fa eh ger aA ES RE jO YIPIM, Lg g@ og IP eee 8g eeee PL 9h | + ess++sseuguresoy oeUIoSAz jo y13ua] Gh GP IP IP se OF eens 0g 0g ee ee ee ee ee ee te ro a5 oe ees 3* (9580-UIBIG 0} ainjns Are]]Ixeul-0yUOIJ WOIJ) UOLsEI [eIGQIOIOjUI JO YBUI'T 9¢ 9% 63 #B "e+ | 9g tere | Te 6Z vets erent eee e ec eee espa a G9 9% 6G ee eee &% cee 8g IF Pe ee ee ed sree +e*fT9sI9AsUe]} ‘sorvu JOLIojue jo WPIM 09 LG LG 98 ieee Eee 96 cceereseeesssumurey proSéa3d ye sareu Jouaysod Jo YIPIA TL SP OF SF gL 162 CF 9¢ 09 POO ES ik Are essai SSS eRe jo oseq ye o]zznuUL JO YIPIM (3 re Se) SO trottteterstsssss sss UOLBar [EYqsIOIeIUL JO YIPIM sea] est | ger | eer | eet | ccc: | zor | ct’ | get | got Ey awe ae kek piojseur 2 LIL 8h gL OL se ee 98 ceee GIL ell Serea'e'n6 (acre sc aibw's Sgemeenad jeqidis001ed egg | 6ZL | OSI | SILT | S18 | SOL | BBE | OT | 4LT *“sayore oneu0SAz jo uolsuedxa ysoqwa18 ye 1mys "jo WIPIM eg 81 02 &% sees | gt ce eG tte steeserees «Set19pI0q JUOIJ Je SOMO [ESLU JO TPT OL Lg 6a 09 seee LP eeee 89 29 Ce *****sguoq [eseu jo y}Suo'T ras) IP #2 8} oie OF 4 ee 09 ¢9 SE ae ae + +45++9**I9pI0q JOLIOIUe Je sauneyed JO [PIM ie aace IL 6g 69 eee 0g ore 06 0OL Dee aE SRR REE Nar ae IS CE YN **++squoq ourjered jo y3u97] OZI Sh GL ZS eee 09 eee 86 96 Se Be Sie S12 an) -ns Axeyixeu-oyered , = g = 003 | Pat | OFT | get | **** | HIT | **** | S8t | 008 | “°°: eThpuos Arey -XBUI JO ]]@A\ JOL103S0d ,, xe ss =e G6 0s ae 9h eee L9 eee 06 96 ee Ree eS TOMY Jse] Jo. o8pe so1sajsod ,, e: Be ep Gut | 98t | OL | OST | **** | 06 | **** | OFT | OST | ***HMWeY prosroqd ,, r » r» ost | 99 |s8 |%6 |16 | 9 | 9% | 88 | 06 Ae aces 225 pas 5 08 gg 08 vP ree LS mete OF CF ** + "sTeseU 0} SoLre][Ixewoid jo ‘repsoq jouoque wold sourjsiqd esc | oe3 | o1e | Seo | seale)| @4t | ser(é)! O4S | O8B | “TTT TTT ttt tt serserprxeuasd Jo Jopiog Jopojue 0} sajfpuoo jeyId1990 jo Japioq Jor1ejsod wojy yISu9] [eI0 |, ? ? $ ro) ° a) 3 ? Pd Ue By Gee me at ae -syeordon “jy "IINNS AHL JO SLNAWAAASVAP [ April, Allen on the West Indian Seal. No. 1.] SP Cr oF RP a4 PY 09 £9 L9 Cv eereeves eee He 6-0, 0 eo. 6a") 84 Ceres oe SOLIOS qejour 4 LI al 91 OL pae8 rat eee e 61 23 Oe kp ee ee ee a SOLOS JOSIOUI JO YyBue'T FE GG a rd I¢ 0% LZ ry 9g ee ‘soupuES 38 JUOI; Uy AB! 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Le 8g CPi S0 oe Ae See ener erm nan Sap ee SS © OOS AO MIDE AN, S9l 9TL sn wet 061 OOL 6Ll OST 8g1 treesreesseees ss ssarfpuoo Jo saspo 19jno ” LEI | ¥6 gui ba I9L | $8 68 IZL_ | PSL ‘+++ *sagsa00id plouos0d JO Siopjo0q JaJno useMJaq DdUPISICT 861 | QhL | S8T | SST | O16 | OIL | FST | SSI | S6L testteeecceseeces ee coeseess empl JMO] JO YISUIT [B70], LUI a OL 18 pie ate 09 oes Gg 08 rarer wea ir et ar a Vn weer ee “ynwey proshso4d e SIT | 98 08 48 96 Lh OL 68 98 treseseeseceeseesses soripuod [eydio00 3e [[Nys jo ‘Wy B10 FY ch CP SP LY eee raa see eh SP eee were ere ee Fe eee eee eeree se Fee YIPIM. gL 1g eg ep sees | ae rene | op eF ec er ee ea -++++ssurmq Kioupne jo yisuaryT OL &9 8g 69 fia fe eee ee | OL deh tee oe et 8 ee *sejApuoo [eudio00 jo (asiaasues}) IPI ¥ 9% 9% 1g &% 9% 13 02 0% Cre ere e ees ees 68: coer renee 5y WSO FT cs Og Og 0g LZ 0g gg 0g 0g Si 2h ye Ve eRe eS sie eae es ASS SOE OULRIOT JO YIPIM os | 69 |s9 |0h | 8 | co | 89 | 84 | 98 eb aay ” yas ” gg vs ike GP SP 8G ag vP oP ‘+ee+ee* yerour saddn ysr jo siopioq 10yno usaMyoq. 30ueysICT gq 6h SP 6g g9 8h 09 99 89 Spe ohne aoa 5 tare cise oy Boies yg a EEO Cd DSS gg &% VG 83 et 6G Jess tel OG 8% roe efron vir orr+++-say198 Josjouy soladns jo waar] g g ) 3 ° $ fs) e sears “eurpngta’ “g Be Paes sal ‘steordony "yw ‘panuyuoj—'VIOAS AHL JO SLNAWANASVAW 1887. | 10 Bulletin A merican Museum of Natural fistory. [ Vol. II, Teeth—The dentition in Monachus constitutes one of the most striking features of the genus, not only in respect to the large size of the teeth, oo to the incisive formula, which is 5_% = 4, instead of $-3 — §, as in the other genera of the Pho- cine. In form the teeth (PI. II, figg. 1, 3, 5,6, and Pl. IV, fig. 1) may be considered as an exaggeration of the type seen in Phoca vitulina, being of the same general character but disproportion- ately more massive. The molars are closely and somewhat obliquely implanted, the inner front edge of one passing by the hinder edge of the one standing next in front of it. The outer upper incisors stand vertically, and are two to three times the size of the intervening pair, which, in old specimens, are often considerably inclined inward. The canines are very large, but not otherwise peculiar. Of the five molars, the three middle ones are much the largest, the first and fifth being small in comparison with the others. ‘The third molar is slightly the largest, the second, fourth, first, and fifth successively decreasing in size. The first is about twice the size of the fifth. The first four have each a main or principal cusp, with a smaller accessory one in front of it, and two behind it. In unworn teeth the main cusp is much more pointed and higher in the second, third, and fourth than in the first. ‘The fifth has but three cusps, of which the two anterior ones are most pronounced. All the molars are double- rooted except the first ; are provided with a heavy cingulum, and in unworn teeth the crown-syrface of all the teeth is minutely rugose. (Pl. IV, fig. 1, represents the upper teeth of the right side, one-half natural size, as seen in a half-grown male.) The lower teeth are in general similar in conformation to the upper, but smaller. The two middle incisors are implanted behind the line of insertion of the outer pair, and are directed more or less forward, in some instances nearly horizontally so. ‘The first molar is very much smaller than the fifth, which is but little smaller than the fourth. ‘The unworn molars show the same number of cusps as the corresponding upper ones. In old age the teeth become very much worn, the cusps becom- ing nearly or quite obliterated, and the crown surface loses in a great degree its rugose character. | Aprit, No. 1. | Allen on the West Indian Seal. II The following measurements (in millimeters) indicate the aver- age size in fresh unworn teeth : UPPER SERIES. LOWER SERIES. Height of | Length of | Width of | Height of | Length of | Width of Crown, | Crown. Crown. Crown. Crown. | Crown. allele sams twigs 137 | Panine! 6k e' 14 | «18 11 14 1l 9 Outer incisor.... Sry rt 9 8 5 pee ect: We Inner incisor.... Tod 6 5 5.5 4 4.5 First molar...... 7 10 8 6.5 10 q Second molar... Bhi dt Tere 1s BO 8 15 9.5 Third molar..... pe peat 15 10 8 16 9 Fourth molar ... Bet ee Foie’ 2G 9 15 10 Fifth molar ..... 5.5 | 10 | 715 7 12 8.5 The spacing of the molars is somewhat irregular. In some specimens there is a well-marked interval between the first and second ; occasionally the interval is between the second and third, but often there is no interval between any of the teeth, which are generally crowded, but are sometimes slightly separated, just as in the case in Phoca vitulina. In the skull of a young individual (Pl. IIL) only three or four days old,* the milk-teeth have disappeared, but none of the per- manent teeth have cut the gum. All, however, are visible. ‘The tooth most advanced is the last molar on each side, which in both “jaws had already pushed its crown slightly above the alveolus. The two middle incisors are also just pricking through the gum, considerably in advance of either the outer incisors or the canines. This skull, it may be added, presents the usual embryonic aspect, particularly in the relatively large size of the brain-case, the swollen and well-rounded bullz, the large size of the foramen magnum, and the low position of the mandibular condyle, which is much lower even than in the adult. In this young specimen the auditory bull have nearly the form seen in adult examples of Phoca vitulina. The following table gives the ratios of the length of the different regions of the skull to the total length of the skull, the latter being considered as roo. : * Detailed measurements of this skull are given in the table of skull measurements on pp. 8 and g. 1887. | 12 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. |Vol. II, aS Be 4 £ g M. tropicalis. 5 F < “y 5 § peeiseere ronan ei, bok 5S : 5 = a) ae 4 ad. fc) = i) A S) Prefrontal region to total . length of skull ........... 82 | 36.6 | 33 41 30 46 Interorbital region to total lencth:of skull nice. 2.65 28 2b) 22 Ot aes 18.6 18 | 26.2 | Distance between front edge of intermaxillaries and palato- maxillary suture to total length of skull.......-... B48 Ba pose 36.8 | 33.6 | 42.4 Distance from front edge of intermaxillaries to pterygoid hamulus, to total length... | 53.6 | 51.4 |...... 58.3 | 54 62 Greatest width to length..... 60 60 TT.) 60. Tipe 83 Height to length. ......... 30.7 | 44 34 | 34.9 | 36.6 | 41.7 Skeleton.—The skeleton of Monachus tropicalis presents several striking peculiarities, as compared with the skeleton in other Phocids, the pelvis being extremely short, the scapula very short and very broad, the humerus short and peculiarly formed, etc. Excepting in the shortness of the sacral region, the axial skeleton differs in respect to the development of the different vertebral regions very little from the skeleton of Erignathus barbatus, with which it agrees very closely in general size. The anterior portion of the thoracic cavity is, however, more expanded, and the verte- bree are rather heavier, particularly through the greater develop- ment of the apophysial elements. The agreement is much less close with Poca vitulina, in which the dorsal segment is relatively - short, and the cervical and cranial segments long. ‘The following table shows the ratios of the length of the different regions of the axial skeleton to its whole length, the total length of the skeleton, including the skull, being considered as roo, eg hoe 4 Sq | 32 | #8 mos coh A, Skull to the whole skeleton......... .. ... Steak oat 12.4 | 10.5 | 15.0 Cervical vertebrz to the whole skeleton...... ..... 12.4 | 11:8 | 2a Dorsal re sid PS ea teat sek apn Jet Comte 86.4 | 86.4 | 31.0 Lumbar ‘ as *s Pet 16.8 62 ae Sacral £S ay 6 Sp cap ali alae Cea 5.0 8.4 8.0 Caudal “i es Leesa abad” ag dk hs 7 eg 16.8 | 16.0 | 16.0 No. 1. | Allen on the West Indian Seal. 13 The vertebral formula is as follows : Cervical vertebrz, 7; dor- sal, 15; lumbar, 5; sacral, 3; caudal, 11; total, 41, I have found the number of caudal vertebrae to vary in different species of Phocids from ten to fourteen, but the number of the sacral is nearly uniformly four; I have found three in only Phoca grenlandica* and the present species. The scapula (PI. III, figg. 4, 5) is very unlike that seen in any other genus of Phocids, but is nearest in general form to that of Cystophora cristata, and most unlike that of #. daréatus. ‘The infra-acromial portion, or shaft, is short, and, compared with that of either P. vitulina or C. cristata, presents nothing peculiar. The acromion process, sometimes much reduced or even absent in the Phocids (there is no trace of it in Arégnathus), is strongly developed, rising to a height (above the blade) of 23 mm., with a length of 22 and a thickness of 6 mm.; it is slightly recurved. The spine is represented by a broad shelving ridge, rapidly falling . away from a height of 15 mm. just above the acromion process to the level of the general surface of the blade 30 mm. from its superior border. Instead of being a thin, vertical plate of bone as in the allied genera it is merely a broad low ridge. The total length of the scapula is 160 mm.; its extreme breadth, 278 mm. The pre-scapular portion is greatly produced, its greatest develop- ment beirig at the lower border at a point in line with the lower edge of the acromion process. The post-scapular portion is also strongly developed, extending backward in a long angular point ; its lower border is nearly straight (not recurved toward the point as in P. witulina and most other Phocids), while the whole upper border is gently arched. The form of the scapula is therefore much less sickle-shaped than in most other Phocids, and its superior border is more evenly and uniformly rounded throughout its extent. It most nearly resembles, in general form and propor- tions, the scapula of Cystophora cristata, which is not only short but has the pre-scapular portion greatly developed, its breadth quite equaling that of the post-scapular portion. ‘The following table indicates the ratios of the breadth of the scapula to its length, and of the pre- and post-scapular portions to the length, in the three species in mention. | * See N. Am. Pinn., 1880, p. 570. 1887. | 14 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. II, M. tropicalis. | P. vitulina. | E. barbatus. Length of scapula to breadth....... ‘| 1 to 1.7938 | 1 to 1.417 | 1 to 0.754 ie ‘* to pre-scapular fossa..| 1 to 0.621 | 1 to 0.417 | 1 to 0.267 * ‘* “ Dost-scapular fossa.| 1 to 1.103 | 1 to 0.833 | 1 to 0.427 The humerus (PI. III, figg. 6-8) is rather short for the size of the animal, being about one-tenth shorter than in Z. barbatus ; it is very stout, and more or less peculiar in all the details of its configuration. It differs strikingly from all other Phocids through the absence of the supra-condylar foramen, of which there is no trace, it agreeing, however, in this respect with the Otaries. The internal tuberosity is low, barely rising to the height of the head ; it is thick both antero-posteriorly and transversely, and extends downward for only about one-third the length of the shaft, instead of for one-half the length, as is usually the case. The external tuberosity is likewise low, and the superior external angle is low and rounded, not produced into a high protuberance as in Phoca and Erignathus, neither is the outer wall deeply excavated as in those genera, but uniformly convex and evenly rounded over to the body of the shaft. The deltoid ridge, however, is strongly developed and continued nearly the whole length of the shaft. The bicipital groove is broad, shallow, and not at all covered, or narrowed externally by the approach of the outer borders of the tuberosities, which partly inclose it in Phoca (see Pl. II, fig. 9) and Erignathus. ‘The distal extremity is very thick, being rela- tively but little flattened antero-posteriorly. The external con- dyle is but slightly produced, being very short, and projecting but one or two millimeters beyond the border of the trochlea; the internal condyle recedes from the edge of the trochlea before ex- panding, and then becomes strongly developed, being quite as thick as the shaft itself, but, as above stated, presents no trace of a supra-condylar foramen. The ulnar border of the trochlea forms ahigh, thin ridge. There is also a distinct anconeal fossa— a further peculiarity not usually seen in Phocids. In general form the humerus presents an unexpectedly close agreement with that of Cystophora cristata, a species from which it is widely separated by its dentition and cranial characters. In | April, No. 1.] Allen on the West Indian Seal. 15 C. cristata, however, there is the usual supra-condylar foramen, but in other features the differences are those which distinguish the humerus of C. cristata from this bone in Phoca and Erigna- thus, on, however, an exaggerated scale. In regard to the bones of the forearm, the anconeal process of the ulna is short but very broad, with the superior border distinctly hollowed, instead of strongly convex as in Phoca and Erignathus. The radius presents no special modifications. The manus is relatively very long, broad, and strong. The second digit is slightly longer than the first and third, which are equal ; the fourth is a little shorter, and the fifth is much reduced, being little more than two-thirds the length of the fourth. The metacarpal and the first phalanx are both greatly lengthened in the first in comparison with those of the other digits, this being the chief peculiarity of the manus in the present species. The relative length of the fore limb (excluding the scapula) to the length of the skeleton in the three species under mention is as follows : in Monachus tropicalis as 23 to 100; in Erignathus barbatus as 22.2 to 100; in Phoca vitulina as 25.3 to 100; the fore limb being relatively longest in P. vitudina. The relative length of the humerus and forearm is practically the same in each, but the manus is relatively considerably longer in J/. trofi- calis, as shown by the following table of ratios : M. tropicalis. | E. barbatus. P. vitulina. Humerus to fore limb ......... 30 to 100 | 33.3 to 100 | 31.3 to 100 Radius Stent ie tte koa Cee 28 to 100 | 29 to 100 29 to 100 Manus Bact Saar he 48 to 100 | 87.8 to 100 | 40 to 100 The pelvis (Pl. IV, figg. 3-5) in WZ. tropicalis presents many peculiar features, the most striking of which is its shortness in comparison with that of other Phocids. The length of the pelvis in this species is the same as in Phoca vitulina*—an animal not half its size—and only two-thirds as long as in Zrignathus barba- tus, which is an animal of practically the same size. In conse- quence of the large size and stout form of the body, the iliac * In Phoca vitulina the pelvis is short in comparison to its length in P. grenlandica and P. Jfetida. (See N. Am. Pinn., 1880, p. 568.) 1887,| 16 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. {Vol. 11, portion of the pelvis is broadly expanded, the ilia being broad and thick, with the border much everted. Behind the acetabula the pelvis narrows rapidly, the pubic bones converging abruptly and strongly opposite the middle of the thyroid foramen. ‘The ischia are thin and narrow, being but little heavier than in P. vitulina, with only a thin rim of bone below the thyroid fora- men—less than half as broad as in P. vitulina. The transverse breadth of the ilium nearly equals its length ; the eversion of the iliac bones is much less abrupt than in allied forms, the external face of the bone standing at about an angle of 45° with the axis of the body. ‘This surface is flat—not deeply excavated, as in P. vitulina and some other species, nor even hollowed, as in Z. barbatus. The ischia, except in slenderness, differ little from what is seen in P. vitulina. ‘The pubes are well developed, and have the internal anterior border flattened and produced, nearly meeting for some distance in front of the symphasis, which is unusually extended and heavy ; the pectineal tubercle is well developed. ‘The thyroid foramen is remarkably broad, being more than half as broad as long (in P. vtulina it is about three times as long as broad), the posterior end very abruptly rounded, instead of gradually narrowed, as in other Phocids. As already noted, only three vertebrz are anchylosed to form the sacrum. The femur shares the remarkable shortness of the pelvis, this bone being not longer than in P. vitulina /* The shaft is of nearly the usual form, being very much flattened antero-posteriorly, but very thick, and but slightly constricted. The greater trochanter is very large, with its outer extremity greatly and unusually thickened ; there is no trace of the usual digital fossa, so strongly developed in P. vitulina. The distal extremity is greatly broadened through the strong development of the tuberosities, which extend upward for half the length of the shaft. The intercondylar notch is rather shallow; the articular surface of the condyles is very broad and unusually flat, particularly that of the inner one. The second segment of the limb—the tibia and fibula—is like- wise rather short, being but little longer than in P. wétudina (which species even is rather exceptional in this respect), and much * The femur in P. v7tudina is relatively even shorter than in either of its congeners, showing further the exceptional shortness of this bone in 1Z, tropicalis. [ Apri, No. 1.] Allen on the West Indian Seal. 17 shorter than in £. darbatus, or even Phoca grenlandica. The bones themselves offer little that is peculiar; the proximal portion of the posterior face of the tibia, however, is comparatively but slightly hollowed. The pes is of medium length, being little shorter than in Z. barbatus. Its chief peculiarity is the shortness of the third digit, which is only about three-fourths the length of the first, giving a The digits, in order of length, measure as follows: I, 265 mm.; V, 260 mm.; II, 230 mm.; IV, 215 mm.; III, 180 mm. The first digit is, as usual, much thicker than the fifth. The hind limb, considered as a whole, is exceptionally short, the ratio of its length to that of the whole skeleton being as 34.4 to 100, the same ratio in Zrignathus barbatus being as 38.4 to 100, in Phoca vitulina as 40.4 to 100, and in Phoca grenlandica as 41.5 deeply emarginate border to the foot. to 100. much smaller animal. The relative length of the different segments of the limb to the length of the whole limb in several of the Phocids (AZonachus tropicalis, Erignathus barbatus and Phoca vitulina) is as follows, the length of the limb being considered as 100 : It is even actually shorter than in Phoca grenlandica, a M. tropi- | E. barba- P. vitu- P. groen- calis. tus. lina. landica. Femur to hind limb.......... 17 18 20 16 Tibia es Oe ee 33 35.8 34.4 37.7 Pes a oes wea rete ee ee 50.8 45 46.4 46.3 Pelvis rt Mit: idole Siete eda ate 33.8 38 34 34 Remiur to: eS: si. sas caian's si mie 33 40 41.4 31.6 In MM. tropicalis a very short femur is thus correlated with a long pedal member. The following table gives detailed measurements of the skeleton in M. tropicalis, M. monachus, Phoca vitulina, P. grenlandica, and Erignathus barbatus, the measurements of J. monachus being taken from Cuvier.* * Ossem., fos&iles, Vol. V, pt. 1, 1823, pp. 229-231. 1887. | [Vol. II, Bulletin A merican Museum of Natural History. 18 OST | O8T 5 008 | S6r as. $06 | 606