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Ninos’ Be @ 2 ee < Ries = ae WS S3JIYVYGIT LIBRARI ES_ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI _N y' z is i - = 0 S ag 5 i “ad > ey > = > im : =) = E 2 2 o pee a 2 a] AN NOILNLILSNI_ NVIN pSaldWudlT LIBRARIES, SMip Z Ed ao = gee = § > > aa < cas | eg yf % a —_—j . 2) 9 x a 7 Lip D ° os s) 2 o a o OG x O a= Zz EE = LYG = = w = Ww ‘ Pas [¢9) * Ps \ WS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI NV 6 = as 2 — uu ” ae aW a 77) ow an oe. eat oc SY o = %, ~t = > ra > og Be a , res ei PP rid 4 = > Ws Saiuvagi7 LIBRARIES, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI_ NVIN 2 Vi q 2» = < x = Wz < & = Yo = oA \ \, i) hy fy = fee NE GOK 3 3 2 ‘WS wa a i ila = Zz Z 2. FH Ey Se = 2 ee = § AN INSTITUTION —NVINOSHLINS S31 UVEdIT LIBRARI ES Ss ALT s wl a Ww a a ao < ce Pe: 2 — = oc = a ja ec, O is Bp — S) ie = eae Zz ar WSs saluvudit LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI WN he c ah eae z ’ oe (@) / 8 m poe w ae aW =e On. be 0 Se oe, ce D yw : : EGY » : 54 - a - “Ly _ i a 2 ah 2 “fl m ; v) on _ 2 wn = i. wo = om IAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS Sa3IuVvuaIq S SMIT = Ne. n = on. Cs ie | < aid = = .< =F z = mad si z + ¥ E = z = = z | “re ee df IWS S3IY¥Vusit SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI NYIN at = Zz OF eee >5. 2a SAAN = a oa wo ow . — ve) = ow 7 \\ a Pe) = r > Yq E : E = * Ve % "ia a ra . = 7) = Zz | RIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILANLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SSIYVUSIT = z a Zz = liye, Z = 2, E 27°F / = \ > i= >" = > oc. 2 ” z 7) 2 > LILSNI NVINOSHLIWS LIBRARIES INSTITUTION » ba — « wo = Ww = : wo a! wn a Lf ep) =A _< = < Up (ond = fod Se ow y i hg y | = oO e ~ a?) =—* @) Fe ae | ae =) Zz SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IyYvudIT z= oe =. ~~ : = al ; Oo — oO wo NY Oo - >. = : = ~~ ke y > kK >” f- 7) = = 2 oe 7) = ce. ra oc a a ek 3 = < = < ac = ac 5 ec eS = S = i z ere Zz rp NVINOSHLINS SSIY¥VYUdIT LIBRARIES INSTITUTION 2) cat zZ : 53 = 2 -/ YY & > = = EG Kte D = 70 = OF ff)? ae ae —= a e UY" f —s oie = w = re | ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION = NOILALILSNI _NVINOSHLINS Sa iyvuds View: =m z < = yf = z =i Pie = BES O BE Say E) aL Oe 7.) 7) aS ap) n = 5S = 4 E =. = eee =z a tee 2 = E a SSIYVYUSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 2 a z= e yy ae 3 ve a Z = Yi ? Pa _ < = io oo on. INS S3IYV) w = = os uw oO = ; P ll ; = e NIAN” INSTITU 4 mad w = oo a oe ee LIWS S31UV! | = 2 ee = : ix 2) = | Ni IAN INSTITL on ‘ < = or Ww ae = a w INS S31YV ae ¢ p) uJ NSW ee ey > 1 . { . : | | Pea9} ————— a “ ‘ s ' aa , : 4 3 au | . 4 + J ° < z a Se ‘i ~ e : ~~ + a ; . | | a x t 4 ; ; é ) . - nd e ¥ ] 3 GA = | : “ — —— . — Pine 2 eee ri : = [% im ss a BY a OS amy ee bY z = ic a ; = —— = = \. — a a — ee - ~~ _ : wre LSE = yvy~z.t*s I, y YY Y (4: Lil >) 3 : y NI y 4 U4 Wa LII Published monthly by the New York State Education Department BULLETIN 405 JULY 1907 New York State Museum Joun M. Crarxe, Director Bulletin Ti2 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 16 THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY OF NEW YORK STATE REPORT OF OPERATIONS AND PRODUCTIONS DURING 1906 BY : : 7 NS PAGE PAGE O82 22. Serer 5 | Iron ore... ean B set whe Se 2 DST ts Sys 6 Notes on recent mining devel- Mineral production of New opments. 22). fx: Plt Ps ar PDEA EQ04 seas sae ee Se GV RSLOMES eras ee a aes a 43 Mineral production of New Mineral paint. 53,5 0,20 ce eck es 44 Peewee OOS. 2.5.2... Qua Natuesl eas. Ss a Po ee ree 46 Mineral production of New 1? 22 Ch See ea carta ana en tee cn 49 SL oe Toe Pe eGCOMCUT ses cic | AQIS os Seas 50 Romer eCOGS. ee Ss es ee aes BOM eI Le Issue sake eo ee eg 52 Mee IONIC. Pk ee bs Rome OME «A aie oie te mare cha was eae 52 25 a eee BAMA e2s et Saale eee eee ae =e I ee hw ee Ae ean Hide, DIICK 0.72. oS Ps cog 55 Moammnerure of building brick -18 |-Slate. .... 5 occu. oes ee Se ee es 56 Wimemelay materials........ Bi PES IBONIS 2 ws aethg ae aNarn ie Seeso cave 57 New manufacturers of. clay Granite: 2.245 Pe ee 59 “gc: 22.3 eee 21 EUMeS TONG on Se ares: 60 Rie no we ss we aha s 22 Niarblegs i eco es, een ote eee “FOF Crude clay. BR rn 5S otis oe 24 Srmdstone=s: os: ean c teers 66 2S). 3 eee 24 Drape ew Oe en Tae 68 2 2 05735 2 eae eee of rea les) ore a eeu ng eg Mees oe gta 70 POLE. supe ote eeeeraretes os 4 vadiae aia lease cee es asc aa 71 DPESOURS ES RS a 26 | Pa hex ies PC cca ts oe oes sae 73 OES eee ie Sick 29 ALBANY “NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT 294-Q4 q 1907 Price 15 cents M183m-A p7-2000 : 7z: = 1913 1917 1908 IQI4 IQI2 1918 IQIO 1915 TOL 729 1916 STATE OF NEW YORK EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Regents of the University With years when terms expire WHITELAW Rep M.A. LL.D. Chancellor - - New York St Crain McKetway M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor Brooklyn DANIEL BeEacu Ph.D. LL.D. - - - - Watkins Puny T. Sexton LL.B. LL.D. - - - - Palmyra T. GuILForD SmitH M.A. C.E. LL.D. - - - Buffalo WILLIAM NotTinGHAM M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - - Syracuse CHARLES A. GARDINER Ph.D. L.H.D. LL.D. D.C.L. New York ALBERT VANDER VEER M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - Albany EpWaRD LauTERBACH M.A. LL.D. - - - New York Eucense A. Puirsin LL.B. LL.D. - - - New York Lucian -L. SHEDDEN LL.B. - - - - Plattsburg Commissioner of Education ANDREW S. DRAPER LL.B. LL.D. Assistant Commissioners Howarp J. Rocers M.A. LL.D. Furst Assistant Epwarp J. Goopwin Lit.D. L.H.D. Second Assistant Avcustus 8. Downine M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. Third Assistant Secretary to the Commissioner Haran H. Horner B.A. Director of State Library Epwin H. Anperson M.A. Director of Science and State Museum Joun M, Crarxe Ph.D. LL.D. Chiefs of Divisions Accounts, WILLIAM Mason Attendance, James D. SULLIVAN Educational Extension, WILLIAM R. Eastman M.A. B. L.S. Examinations, CHARLES F. WHEELOCK B.S. LL.D. Inspections, Frank H. Woop M.A. Law, Tuomas E. Finecan M.A. School Libraries, CHARLES E. FitcH TA H.D. Statistics, H1ramM C. CASE . Visual Instruction, Dz Lancry M. ELLis * New York State Education Department Science Division, April 16, 1907 Hon. Andrew S. Draper LL.D. Commissioner of Education My DEAR SIR: I communicate herewith for ‘ablicabion as a bulle- tin of the State Museum, the third annual report on The Mining and Quarry Industry of New York State prepared by the Assistant State Geologist. The public demand for these publications is urgent and I suggest that the printing of this report be forwarded without delay. Very respectfully yours JoHn M. CLARKE Director State of New York _ Education Department COMMISSIONER’S ROOM Approved for publication this 18th day of April 1907 MS Rive Commissioner of Education New York State Education Department New York State Museum Joun M. Crarke, Director Bulletin 112 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 16 THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY OF NEW YORK STATE REPORT OF OPERATIONS AND PRODUCTION DURING 1906 BY D. H. NEWLAND PREFACE The present bulletin — the third of the series to bear the same title — carries forward the plan of issuing a report each year on the mineral industry of New York. The series is intended to afford a summary of the current discoveries, developments and. production of the useful mineral materials, each volume being prepared as soon after the close of the year as practicable. With this report the in- formation is brought down to the end of 1906. It is desired again to express grateful acknowledgment for the assistance rendered by those engaged in mining and quarry enter- prises within the State; the requests for information have met with a uniform consideration on their part which has greatly facilitated the preparation of the report. | | | ' 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM INTRODUCTION The mineral industries of New York have continued to experience during the past year the conditions of general prosperity and ad- vancement noticed in the previous report for 1905. A summary of the returns received from producers distributed among the different branches which are represented in the State shows a valuation for the year’s output of $37,118,430. The total takes into account over 30 mineral materials that are commercially exploited. It is to be noted, however, that the valuation is placed upon the materials in their crude or first marketable forms, and no attempt has been made to obtain information relative to the many and varied industries which derive their support from further elaboration of the ma- terials. | The corresponding total reported in 1905 was $35,470,987. In 1904 the value amounted to $28,812,595. The gain for the past year was $1,647,443 or about 5 per cent, while during the two previous years for which statistics have been collected the increase has been $8,305,035 or nearly 30 per cent. The progress of the iron-mining industry has been one of the notable features of the year’s record. The output amounted to 905,307 long tons, the largest reported since 1891, and an increase of 78,318 tons over that for 1905. There were 11 mines in the State under exploitation, the number including three which began production during the year. Exploratory developments have been carried on by several additional companies as a preliminary to active mining. The Fair Haven Iron Co. will begin shipments in the spring from its mine situated at Sterling Station, Cayuga co. The Benson mines in St Lawrence county, the Cheever mine in Essex county and the Salisbury mine in Herkimer county have been under development. The opening of the Lake Sanford titaniferous mag- netite deposits;*which have recently been transferred to new owner- ship, is perhaps the most important prospective feature to be re- corded in the mining of iron ore. The manufacture of clay products contributed an aggregate value of $13,955,300 in 1906 as compared with $14,280,016 in the preced- ing year. The decrease was due principally to the lower prices ob- tained for structural materials. The output of clay building ma- terials (brick, tile, fireproofing and terra cotta) was valued at $11,063,433. The number of brick made was 1,600,059,000, of which 1,230,692,000 was reported by the plants along the Hudson river. Pottery is a growing branch of the clay-working industry ; THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 7 its share in the total last year amounted to $1,795,008 represented mostly by the finer wares, porcelain and semiporcelain. There were 265 clay-working plants in operation distributed among 48 counties. There was little change in the valuation of the products reported by the quarries, the total for 1906 amounting to $6,504,165 against $6,107,147 in the preceding year. The sum was divided according to the various uses into: building stone $1,408,583; monumental stone $103,219; curbing and flagging $999,678; crushed stone $2,435,493; other uses $1,557,192. The output of slate and of lime- stone used in making Portland and natural cements is not included in the totals. The plants manufacturing hydraulic cement reported a production of 4,114,939 barrels, consisting of 2,423,374 barrels of Portland cement and 1,691,565 barrels of natural rock cement. There was a large falling off in the natural rock cement, owing to conditions that have developed generally in the cement trade, and for the first time the total was exceeded by that of Portland cement. The combined value of the production was $3,950,699. In 1905 the output amounted to 4,375,520 barrels valued at $3,673,553. In the salt industry the production has been maintained at an unusually high rate. The total of rock and brine salt reported was 9,013,993 barrels, which is the largest on record. The output for the preceding year amounted to 8,575,649 barrels. There was a slight decrease in the market value — $2,131,650, as compared with $2,303,067 in 1905. A large portion of the brine salt made in New York is used for the manufacture of soda products. The mines and quarries of gypsum made an output of 262,581 short tons, valued at $685,053. There was a large gain over the previous year when the production amounted to 191,860 tons, valued at $551,193. The increase came mostly from the companies manu- facturing wall plaster and plaster of paris. The combined value of the petroleum and natural gas produced in the State was $2,487,674, against $2,173,931 in 1905. The quan- tity of petroleum reported was 1,043,088 barrels valued at $1,721,- 095, or a little more than in the preceding year. The natural gas industry continues to show progress, due to the active developments in Erie and Chautauqua counties. The quantity of gas reported last year was 3.007,086,000 cubic feet, against 2,639,130,000 cubic feet, the tetal for 1905. Among the smaller industries which have a firm foothold in New York State are the mining of garnet, graphite and tale. The garnet 8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM product in 1906 amounted to 4729 short tons, valued at $159,208. The graphite produced was 2,811,582 pounds, valued at $96,084. The talc mines reported an output of 64,200 short tons, with a valua- tion of $541,600. Mineral production of New York in 1904 Eee PRODUCT Portlandicements a2). ok Natural rock cement........ Buntdinebriek-ww..eee ee ROGECR YS ox Min baai etre onan ee Otherrelay, productsh. 7 ae Crudevelaye vc. Capen eee Emer DQ OOF Omc Osada 0) 0 OFOO! O80 6D, Oo Garnet eae etnies See Metaliicypaintias aera ere Slate pilsimentia.. ea sci a Mineralawatens-aj-1.0) 02 ohana INo@hnmorslate cs Stren cee ac Slatenmanutactunres.5 5 4.0.5. Niailer i lens akan ape mies UNIT OF MEASUREMENT jae) \e) (ese) le) ere) e)(e) 10) (ei) (e) e.c0 © «© © © © © © © © ew eo 8 SIMONE WOME. «a6 64 SINCHG WOM. Ae 4 6S ILE WOWS 4 566 SIMONE WOIMS. 564 66 SMOG IKONS. 5 454 «2 eee @ © © oe © ew we 1000 cubic feet. . Barrelst ae ee Woneetonsheee Barrels e 0° © 6 © © © © © © © © © 8 ee © © © © © © © oo 8 8 8 8 e © © @ © © © © © © © ew ew 8 © 8 © © © © © © © © 2 8 8 8 oe @© © © © © © © © ew 8 8 ee © © © © © © © 8 ew 8 8 ew ee © © © © © © © © © © 8 ew ee ee © © © © © ee 8 ew QUANTITY ee ee © we we ew ew Oo Gin -o100 6 Oo 6-0 O00 OD 0.00 0 O,o-07O. d'o.0 GO GodGH oo Gc oO O00 ts 0,0 O00 O ee © © © © © © 8 © © © © © © © © oe ec e ee © © © © a Includes apatite, carbon dioxid, value is partly estimated. NHN HH 812 diatomaceous earth, fullers earth, marl and sand. 778 883 22 634 948 164 220 463 325 484 5°9 975 894 470 768 876 O00 197 770 820 748 159 441 882 095 771 697 496 lojeye} fojeye) 595 The THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 18) Mineral production of New York in 1905 UNIT OF PRODUCT He Oe OT QUANTITY VALUE Poarlancd cement. ..2....... Barrelsorc ret: 2 117 822 $2 046 864 Natural rock cement........ Barrelseek! ie cas 22257) 008 I 590 689 Iinlding prick. ........ ae he housands:;.... i) ee sh) IO 054 597 PS PLES’. 0 4 24 Gry NAG Sec St GSI) ae Oe a ape | Pee I 620 558 I MEAT TOTO CLS she fo series tre | ia seire''s 1p tataleje ane ols [eaeiclove cree bas 2 603 861 M@lerOlay oi... : c. e : Short tons. .A2 4 - 6 766 16 616 OOS) re DHOFt CONSs a. 4 « TAS 12) 452 Peldspar and quartz........ Lone bOnsn s 2 -% I7 000 48 500 DALE cok ee SWORttens ac. . 2 700 94 500 SUSSS S20 eee Cie eee Sons tOnS. a... 4. 9g 850 7705 TENDING 0A ee Roundstyrs. os 2 807 616 142 948 (SP) SST ee eae SMalerey HOMISG Gee ole 191 860 nie s1o)e LNZELL CIR PR WomeetOns esac. 827 049 2576) 128 he LSE DER BS | me Oye eee (OMe Sata to gaieee tit. os 62 335 000 3219 569 70 509 000 385 950 Seneceaet ae eee 50 000 400 6 050 000 36 400 Steulbenes oss 2 000 000 Dat OVO A Os COG 31 800 SUttiollee wae i247] DISC) COC) IIO 000 Dit Ge) COO 137500 Moma kets ieee 2 O21 000 Ly LOOdn 1G). eae yea ete Gainey ‘Pine Ulster cere AOS ow) COO) || 1 WHO O28 252 065. 000.) =r Ao sma Wartene ses 8 763 O00 AS YF 12 WG. soe eee Gn Se ae Washington.... . 2 300 000 II 800 Zh Koyo) O/OXe. 13 Toe Westehester: 400: 76 893 000 530 465 70 62I 000 458 000 Other countiesb... I7 209 000 O77, 732 16 QIQ 000 94 606 Topalek... ae I 403° 4590 cCoo.|$o 751 753 |L 575 434 COO lo nsozmuars a Included under ‘‘other counties.”’ b Includes in r905 the following: Fulton, Herkimer, Livingston, Montgomery, Rich- mond, Tioga and Wyoming. In 1906 the following counties are included: Allegany, Cattaraugus, Fulton, Herkimer, Livingston, Montgomery, St Lawrence, Schenectady, Tioga, Tompkins and Warren. FE ee, ee ee ee _ 1,493,459,000 common brick, valued at $9,751,753 and 18,698,000 front and fancy bricks valued at- $302,844. The manufacture of these materials was carried on in 37 counties by a total of 213 com- panies or individuals. In 1905 there were 39 counties represented with a total of 192 plants. The average price received for common brick last year was $5.98 a thousand, as compared with $6.53 a thousand in 1905 and $5.67 a thousand the average for 1904. Front and fancy pressed brick averaged $15.68 a thousand against $16.20 in 1905 and $13.48 in 1904. Hudson river region. The counties in New York State situ- ated along the Hudson river are specially favored in respect to the manufacture of building brick. New York city and vicinity, with its rapidly increasing population, is by far the greatest market for such materials in the United States. There exist enormous clay aeposits, suitable for making the common grades of brick, on either side of the river from Rensselaer and Albany counties down to Rockland and Westchester, while the river itself affords a con- venient and cheap means of transportation direct from the yards to the market. As a result of these conditions the brick industry of this section has developed to proportions that are without par- allel in any other part of the country. In 1906 the output of common brick in the Hudson river region amounted to a total of 1,230,692,000. This is approximately 78 per cent of the whole output of common brick in the State. The value of the production was $7,352,377. In the preceding year the - output was 1,219,318,000, valued at $8,191,211. There was thus a gain Of 11,374,000 in quantity, but a loss of $838,834 in value. The number of companies reporting as active was 131, an increase of 12 for the year, or 20 more than in 1904. Rockland county was represented by the largest number, 33, and its production amounted to 296,145,000, valued at $1,767,012. Ulster county, with 26 opera- tive companies, produced 252,665,000, valued at $1,465,457; and Orange county made 189,180,000, valued at $1,170,695, reported by 12 companies. The average number of brick made in each plant in 1906 was 9,471,000, as compared with 10,246,000 in 1905 and 9,180,000 in 1904. The price for the whole region averaged during the year $5.98 a thousand against $6.54 a thousand for 1905 and $5.79 a thousand for 1904. The main feature of the past year’s record was the remarkable range in the market prices received for brick in the New York THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 19 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM market. Owing to the great building activity that prevailed during 1905, the whole product of that year was practically disposed of by the close of the brick-making season, and the plants carried little or no stock through the winter. Before the opening of the yards in the spring of 1906 there was a veritable brick famine. Prices reached an unprecedented high level; as much as $10 and Output of common brick in the Hudson river region in 1905 NUMBER AVERAGE COUNTY OF OUTPUT VALUE PRICE PLANTS PER M aN OF a) Ane Ee Nee a oe Oe 8*| 66 500 000 $439 238 $6 61 Columbian 5 o 5 84 750 000 520 500 6 09 IDutchesst hin. oa wae 7 18rt 683 ooo T 256.009 6 93 Greene se Lanne res 7 55 719 000 377 470 6 47 Orange aa ee se 12 160 530 000 I OII 006 6 67 Rensselaer: seen. 8 Mis Dies Cle) Oe, DIRS 5 28 Rockland) ee oa 302 625 000 2 144 210 7 08 WIStere eae eee 23 265 368 000 te 7 OOS 6 69 AViESECHeESteItas “ae eer 8 76 893- 000 530 465 6 90 Oval Sec. eye oe 110) |X ZrO 208 COOm) poeLonszna $6 54 ee eee Output of common brick in the Hudson river region in 1906 NUMBER AVERAGE COUNTY OF OUTPUT VALUE PRICE PLANTS PER M ASU ATAN i ernest re 74 083 000 $461 399 $6 23 Columbiase ear. | 6 84 500 000 489 750 5 80 DutecheSsere sear | 19 L617, 1132) Ooo 975 410 5 82 Greener rs sen ted soy | 6 64 690 000 390 748 6 04 Oranven <4 ocas: 12 189 180 000 I 170 695 6 19 INensSselaery amine 9 Bits GIGI) (eKeXe) 173 906 5 48 Rocklandinrse sie 33 296 I45 ooo Tt 7O7 sone 5 OF UiUSter nc ome aero 26 252 665 000 I 405 457 5 80 Westchester ee 9 70 621 000 458 ooo 6 46 Total 3 eae IZ1 |< 230 692m0Cc0 | $7352) 477 $5 98 even $12 a thousand was paid for the available supply. With the resumption of manufacture they rapidly fell to $8 or $9, and as the season advanced they continued to decline due to a slacken- ing in building operations. As the plants had been brought up THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 21 to their highest efficiency in anticipation of a profitable season, there were also unusually large quantities offered upon the market. In the last months of the season, the prices fell to about $5 a thou- sand at the yard and held at that level throughout the remainder of the year, with small demand. At the end of the year the stock held by the companies along the river was probably in excess of 300,000,000, or fully 25 per cent of the whole output.. A radical curtailment of operations is to be expected for the current season. Other clay materials The manufacture of paving brick was carried on during 1906 in Chautauqua, Greene, Onondaga and Steuben counties. There were five companies engaged in the business and the output was 11,472,000, valued at $178,011. In 1905 there were six companies which reported a production of 13,984,000, valued at $180,004. Fire brick and stove lining were manufactured in Albany, Chau- tauqua, Erie, Kings, Onondaga, Rensselaer, Richmond, Schenec- tady, Washington and Westchester counties by a total of 13 com- panies. The output of fire brick amounted to 12,091,413, valued at $413,147, and the stove lining was valued at $114,512, a com- bined value of $527,659. In 1905 the value of the two materials was $498,184 reported by 13 companies. Drain tile and sewer pipe were made in Albany, Cayuga, Chau- tauqua, Erie, ‘Genesee, Kings, Madison, Monroe, Oneida, Onon- daga, Ontario, Saratoga, Seneca, Washington and Wayne counties. The output of drain tile was valued at $166,645, against $146,790 in 1905; and sewer pipe at $95,142, against $444,457. There were 26 companies engaged in this branch of the industry, a gain of two as compared with the previous year. Terra cotta, fireproofing and building tile were produced in Albany, Allegany, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Kings, Monroe, Onondaga, Ontario, Queens, Rensselaer, Richmond and Steuben counties, by a total of 17 companies, or three less than in 1905. The production of terra cotta was valued at $1,037,387, against $874,717 in 1905; fireproofing at $120,282, against $133,395; and building tile at $217,475, against $251,600. New manufacturers of clay materials The following list includes the names of the companies or in- dividuals who have erected plants during the past year, or have taken over old plants, for the manufacture of clay structural mate- rials. The list is supplementary to the one published in the report for 1905. gray 2 Fre ae ae 22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM NAME LOCATION OF PLANT Albany co. Corwin & McCullough Coeymans Powell & Minnock Coeymans C. A. Smith Albany Edward J. Smith & Co. Albany Ziegler & Ziegler Coeymans Dutchess co. Harlem Valley Brick & Supply Co. Amenia John Nicholson Herkimer co. Dutchess Junct.on Staley & Co. Hlion Orange co. George W. Hunt Chelsea Rensselaer co. Palmer Bros. Troy Rensselaer Brick Co. Rensselaer G. L. Tobin Castleton Richmond co. Rossville Brick Co. Rossville Rockland co. Lynch & O’Brien Haverstraw Reilly & Marks West Haverstraw Brick Co. Schenectady co. Cady & Vandenbergh Electric City Clay Brick Co. ‘Suffolk co. The Brown Clay Works Stony Point West Haverstrav Schenectady | Glenville Fort Salonga Ulster co. Lowe Brick Co. New Paltz Estate of A. S. Staples Port Ewen Ulster Brick Co. il 3 ot Saugerties W. M. Burhans, Executor 4 Saugerties Pottery The manufacture of pottery has become an important branch of the clay-working industry of the State. Its development, how- ever, has been due rather to the exceptional facilities afforded by the State for manufacturing and marketing the products than to the existence of natural resources of crude materials that are em- ployed in the potteries.. With the exception of the deposits of slip clay in Albany county and a limited supply of stoneware clays in Onondaga county, the raw materials are derived entirely from THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 23 without the State. The kaolin used comes from New Jersey and from England, the feldspar from Canada, and much of the pottery clay from New Jersey. In the accompanying table is shown the value of the pottery manufactures during the past three years. ‘The total valuation of the product for 1906, as returned by the individual plants, was $1,795,008. ‘The preceding year’s output was valued at $1,620,558 and that of 1904 at $1,438,634. The growth of the industry during the period has been brought about by the increased production of the high grade products — porcelain and semiporcelain tablewares and electric and sanitary supplies. The manufacture of stoneware and earthenware has remained almost stationary. The products listed in the table under “ Miscellaneous” include yellow and Rock- ingham wares, clay tobacco pipes, fire clay crucibles and artistic pottery. There were 22 potteries that reported as active in 1906, the same number as in the two preceding years. They were distrib- uted among the following counties: Albany, Chautauqua, Erie, Kings, Madison, Monroe, Nassau, Onondaga, Ontario, Schenectady, Suffolk, Washington and Wayne. Onondaga holds first place in point of production, with a total for 1906 valued at $858,270, as compared with $718,985 in 1905 and $673,590 in 1904. Kings county is the second largest producer, contributing an output val- ued at $306,105, against $308,443 in the preceding year and $279,- 009 in 1904. The Rochester City Pottery of Rochester making earthenware and the Van Der Meulen & Wylstra Art Pottery Co., of Dunkirk, making delft reported an output in 1906 for the first time. Value of production of pottery ' . WARE 1904 1905 1906 BOM e Wate aac Recis i. ats ies age os D772 OMe pts I OGO $84 031 vedvearhhenwares...:.....0..-. 44 99QO | 30 740 30 234 aPorcelain and semiporcelain.... 740 000 | 800 000 835 000 Electric and sanitary supplies... .| 490 095 600 325 | 768 236 Mtr MAR COUS i. eon LP ae 3 ees | 85 823 73 603 | a SON Poa AIG IGIAN DESAI Te gale ee gad | $1 438 634 | $1 620 558 | $1 795 008 alIncludes china tableware. 24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Crude clay In the foregoing tables relating to clay products no account has been taken of the crude clay entering into their manufacture. There are a few producers in the State who do not utilize the crude clay ‘themselves, but ship their output to others for manufacture. Some of the material, like the Albany slip clay for example, is even for- warded to points without the State. In 1906, returns were received from four firms engaged in this industry whose total shipments amounted to 5477 short tons valued at $9125. The corresponding total for 1905 was 6766 tons with a value of $16,616 and for 1904 8959 tons with a value of $17,164. EMERY The emery deposits near Peekskill were worked on about the usual scale during the past year. The output reported by the four producers that were active amounted to 1307 short tons valued at $13,870. This compares with a total of 1475 tons valued at $12,452 in 1905 and 1148 tons with a value of $17,220 in 1904. The valua- tion is based on the crude material as it comes from the quarries where it undergoes only a rough sorting before shipment. The lump emery is sent to outside points for grinding and manufacture into emery wheels, stones, cloth, etc. The list of producers in 1906 includes the following: Blue Corun- dum Mining Co., Easton, Pa., Keystone Emery Mills, Frankford, Pa., J. R. Lancaster, Peekskill and the Tanite Co. Stroudsburg, Pa. The Keystone Emery Mills have taken over the properties formerly worked by H. M. Quinn. With the exception of J: Ro Wameasten who sells his product to the Hampden Corundum Wheel Co., of Springfield, Mass., the companies mine the emery for their own consumption in connection with manufacturing plants. ° EEE D Sr ak The quarries of feldspar at Bedford, Westchester co., were operated as in previous years by P. H. Kinkel of that place and yielded their average output. In connection with the working of the quarries a considerable quantity of quartz, or flint as it is com- monly termed, was obtained. The feldspar was shipped to Trenton, N. J., where it is employed in the manufacture of porcelain wares. An additional source of supply for the mineral received attention during the past year, the locality being in Washington county, about 3 miles north of Fort Ann. The feldspar is found here in THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 19006 25 a pegmatite dike. A quarry had been opened some 20 years ago and worked for a time for the quartz which is mixed with the feldspar. Only a small quantity of feldspar was taken out in the past year. The operator of the quarry was Dominic Ashley of Glens Falls. The combined production of feldspar and quartz in New York State amounted in 1906 to 13,660 long tons valued at $44,350. The total for the previous year was 17,000 long tons valued at $48,500. f GARNI Though there have been no new sources of supply for garnet, other than those described in the previous report, the mining in- dustry has shown unusual progress during the past year. The demand for the mineral among abrasive manufacturers seems to be expanding rapidly at present. The occurrence of garnet may be said to be quite widespread in the Adirondacks and other regions where the rock formations have a metamorphosed character. It is only seldom found, how- ever, in deposits of sufficient size and richness and at the same time with the proper physical qualities to warrant commercial exploita- tion. There is little to be feared, apparently, from a possible over- production, at least from the present mining sections. The output from the Adirondack region has been made by three companies: the North River Garnet Co., with mines at Thir- fcentamlake, Warren co; H. H. Barton & Son Co., who operate the deposits on Gore mountain, near North River; and the Ameri- can Glue Co., with mines on Garnet peak, north of the latter locality. The first named company has been the largest producer. Its new mill which was first started in 1905 was in continuous operation during the past year. The deposits are so situated that they can be worked through the winter. At the other localities where the garnet is obtained by open cutwork and hand sorting, operations can not be carried on to advantage in the winter months. The newly discovered deposit near Keeseville, Essex co., noted in the report for 1905, has been under development, but made no output except a small quantity for experimental purposes. The recent work has shown the deposit to be of large extent. The garnet Occurs in massive form, frequently more or less granulated and admixed with green pyroxene. It has been used experiment- ally in the manufacture of abrasive wheels, with results reported as very satisfactory. The property is owned by G. W. Smith of Keeseville. 26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The production reported by the companies for 1906 was the largest on record, amounting to 4729 short tons valued at $159,208. In the preceding year the total was 2700 tons valued at $94,500, and in 1904 it was 3045 tons valued at $104,325. The relatively small output for 1905 was due in part to a temporary curtailing of operations by the North River Garnet Co., incidental to starting their new plant. GRACE Enis The production of crystalline graphite in the Adirondack region showed an unexpected falling off during the past year. It amounted to a total of 2,811,582 pounds valued at $96,084, as compared with 3,897,616 pounds valued at $142,948 in 1905 and 3,132,927 pounds valued at $119,509 in 1904. The output for 1905 was probably the largest that has been made in any one year since the estab- lishment of the industry. The average value of the graphite per pound was 3.4 cents in 1906, 3.7 cents in 1905 and 3.8 cents in 1904, showing that there has been a decrease also in the market prices received for the product. The relatively small output in 1906 can not be ascribed to any general conditions that are likely to influence adversely the future progress of the industry, but is doubtless a temporary feature incidental to the limited scope of the opera- tions as carried on at present. The Adirondack graphite deposits which are being exploited are of the bedded type, the graphite occuring as disseminated flakes in a rock matrix, which may be limestone, quartzite or a silicious schist. The rocks are ancient sediments that have been thoroughly metamor- phosed, and it is believed that the graphite has originated from included organic matter that was distilled by the heat to which they have been subjected, with a resultant loss of the volatile con- stituents. The rocks which have a thoroughly crystalline char- acter, occur in force on the borders of the Adirondacks, but are less abundant in the interior. Their content in graphite is variable. As an extreme it may reach 8 or Io per cent, which is found only in the deposits owned by the American Graphite Co., near Hague. The average for the other deposits that have been worked probably does not exceed 3 per cent. The companies who have reported a production for 1906 are: American Graphite Co., with mines at Graphite, near Hague, War- ren co.; Crown Point Graphite Co., operating near Penfield pond, Essex co.; Pettinos Bros., with mines at Rock pond, Essex co.; Adirondack Mining & Milling Co., and Champlain Graphite Co., - with mines at South Bay, near Whitehall, Washington co. The plant of the Ticonderoga Graphite Co., at Rock pond, was leased to Pettinos Bros., of Bethlehem, Pa., who operated it for only a brief period. The graphite rock was found to be cut out by a fault. The Adirondack Mining & Milling Co. was active only for a period of three weeks, and will not resume operations during the present year. The Glens Falls Graphite Co. has been incorporated for the purpose of working a graphite deposit situated near Conklingville, 8 miles west of Hadley, Saratoga co. The deposit is described as a quartzose schist with a thickness of 50 feet where opened. The erection of a mill is in progress, which it is expected will be com- pleted early in the year. The Empire Graphite Co. is engaged in developing a property near Greenfield, Saratoga co. Some prospecting has been done in the vicinity of Graphite with a view to locating a possible extension of the bed worked by the American Graphite Co. Drill tests have indicated that the quartzite underlies a considerable area to the west of that company’s prop- erty. In three holes which were put down the graphitic bed was found to be from 19 to 22 feet thick and was encountered at 50 to 75 feet depth. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 27 GYPSUM The industries connected with the production of gypsum and its manufacture into commercial products have progressed rapidly dur- ing recent years. The advance has been due to the utilization of the material for wall plaster and plaster of paris, a branch of the in- dustry that has been developed in New York State practically since 1900. Previous to that year the output of crude gypsum averaged less than 50,000 tons annually and was used almost wholly for agricultural purposes. Though the deposits of the State do not yield, as a rule, a material of high degree of purity, it has been found to be well adapted for making the usual grades of calcined plasters. The quarries of gypsum are situated along a belt extending west from Madison county through Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Ontario, Monroe, Genesee and Erie counties. The gypsum is found in one or more beds associated with the Camillus shale of the Salina group. The beds range up to 30 feet or more in thickness. They are worked only along the outcrop, generally by open pit methods, though underground mining is practised to some extent in the western 28° NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM section. The manufacture of wall plaster is carried on principally in the vicinity of Syracuse, Onondaga co., at Wheatland and Gar- butt, Monroe co., and at Oakfield, Genesee co. The output of gypsum in crude form during 1906 amounted to 262,486 short tons, reported by 16 producers. In 1905 the output was 191,860 short tons and in 1904 it amounted to 151,455 tons. The greater part of the output was converted into wall plaster and plaster of paris, the combined product of these materials amounting to 163,451 short tons valued at $595,285 against 130,268 tons valued at $478,084 in the preceding year. The totals include only the quantities made from gypsum mined or quarried in the State; in addition there is a production of wall plaster and plaster of paris from imported material for which no returns are received. The quantity of gypsum that was ground and sold for land plaster amounted in 1906 to 20,656 short tons valued at $46,094, against 19,815 tons valued at $39,014 in the preceding year. A further portion amounting to 34,626 tons valued at $58,076 in 1906 and to 27,980 tons valued at $34,095 in Gn preceding year was sold in the crude state. Production of gypsum ; SS TQ05 1906 Short tons Value Short tons Value ee ee ee Motaltoutputs a: we nee SLOT OOO Mani aware: 262° 4860) eee SIOIGH cin thelr s Wwe cee kor 2% 980 934 095 34 626 $58 076 Ground for land plaster... .. 1) rs E20) O14 20 656 46 094 Wall Diese ebes mad ones ' 130 268 478 084 163 451 595 285 Rotalivaluen fos ers one ee ee, | Fisica Oo) 2 ate $6099°455 | | Unusual attention has been given during the past year to the exploration of the gypsum deposits of the State, with results that promise to contribute toward the further expansion of the industry in the immediate future. In Onondaga county a new company has been engaged in the development of a deposit near Jamesville. A vertical shaft was put down to a depth of 100 feet and encountered about 40 feet of gypsum at the bottom. The Lehigh Portland Cement Co. and E. B. Alvord & Co. were active in exploring for deposits in the same district. The American Gypsum Co. has developed a property near Alabama, Genesee co., where the Akron Gypsum Co. has also opened a deposit. The former company in- THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 29 tends to erect a calcining plant. The Monarch Plaster Co. began production for the first time in 1906 from its mine situated at Wheatland, Monroe co. Exploratory operations have been under way also near Leroy and Oakfield, Genesee co. eee IRON ORE The revival of interest in iron ore mining noted in the preceding issue of this report has continued to exert a very favorable influence upon the industry of the State. A larger number of mines have been active during the past year than at any time since the memor- able depression immediately following 1890 which brought about the abandonment of most of the local enterprises. The production, also, has shown a satisfactory gain, and with the increment that will be contributed by the new undertakings when they are under full headway, it should undergo still further expansion. Altogether there were II companies engaged in mining operations. This number includes only those reporting a commercial production of ore. There were several other companies that had properties under exploration or development, and some of them will begin shipment during the current year. The accompanying table gives the annual production of iron ore for the period of 1890-1906 inclusive. The statistics covering the years previous to 1904 are taken from the volumes of the Mineral _ Resources published by the United States Geological Survey, while those for 1904 and subsequent years have been collected at this office. Production of iron ore in New York State MAGNETITE} HEMATITE | LIMONITE |CARBONATE TOTAL " | Value YEAR |__| — |] ——_ | ———__|—____——__| Total value per ton Long tons | Long tons | Long tons |} Long tons | Long tons 1890 945 O71 196 035 30 968 Sr FTO Mle Ste OS aceavn suave et ould Gatouete I8Q1r 782 729 153 723 53 152 Pop (See) Nikon dG) wOhic() Wil manent Serpe eiaicas |)» Heat olla 1892 648 564 I24 800 53 694 64 O41 891 099 | $2 379 267 | $2 67 1893 440 693 15 890 35 592 AI 947 534 122 I 222 934 2 29 en Pte Valse see « aucte I conc aes CNG. GSO) | M58 6 ctesoIee Ola t dl cecnced C 1895 260 139 6 769 26 462 13 886 307 256 598 313 I 95 1896 346 O15 Io 789 I2 288 16 385 385 477 780 932 2 03 1897 296 722 7 664 20 059 Ir 280 295 725 642 838 I QI 1898 I55 551 6 400 |. 14 000 4 000 179 Q5I 350 999 I Q5 1899 344 159 45 503 31 975 BE 443 790 I 241 985 | 2 80 1900 345 714 44 467 44 891 6 413 44r 485 I 103 817 2 50 IQOL 329 467 66 389 22s 62 I 000 420 218 I 006 231 2 39 1902 45I 570 QI 075 12 676 Nil) 555 321 I 362 987 2 45 1903 ASI 481 83 820 5 159 Nil] 540 460 I 209 899 2 24 I904 559 575 54 128 5 000 Nil} . 619 103 I .328 894 A ws I9Q05 739 736 70) 313 8 000 Nil] 827 o49 2 576 123 3 ni 1906 417 365 187 002 I 000 Nil] 905 367 3 393 609 3 9S SS ee 30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The total shipments reported by the mines in 1906 amounted to 905,367 long tons valued at $3,393,609. Compared with the pre- vious year this was an increase of 78,318 tons or about 9 per cent. The production was more than double that reported for 1901 and was the largest for any year since 1801. Classified as to variety the shipments consisted of 717,365 tons of magnetite, 187,002 tons of hematite and 1000 tons of limonite. Of the magnetite 479,644 tons were marketed in the form of con- centrates with an approximate content of 65 per cent iron. The 237,721 tons of lump magnetite included in the total are estimated to average 60 per cent. The hematite and limonite range from 40 to 60 per cent, with an average probably of 45 per cent. . | The magnetite concentrates were made from 729,091 tons of crude ore. Using that figure for a basis of calculation, the total quantity of ore hoisted from New York mines in 1906 was 1,154,814 ‘long tons. In 1905 the quantity was 1,109,385 long tons. The magnetite was derived mainly from the Adirondack region. The producers included Witherbee, Sherman & Co. and the Port Henry Iron Ore Co. at Mineville; the Arnold Mining Co. at Arnold; and the Chateaugay Ore & Iron Co. at Lyon Mountain. The Salis- bury Steel & Iron Co. made a small output in connection with the development of their mine at Salisbury. In southeastern New York the Hudson Iron Co., which took over the Forest of Dean mine in 1905, began shipments. It has been the only producer in that section. Of the total quantity of hematite reported the mines in the Clinton formation contributed a little more than half. The Franklin Iron Manufacturing Co. and C. A. Borst at Clinton and the Furnaceville Iron Co. at Ontario operated the mines. The remainder of the hematite came from St Lawrence and Jefferson counties where the Rossie Iron Ore Co. and the Old Sterling Iron Co. were active. . The single producer of limonite was the Amenia Co. at Amenia, Dutchess co. The Fair Haven Iron Ore Co. was engaged in developing its prop- erties near Sterling Station, Cayuga co., but produced only small quantities for trial purposes. It will begin commercial shipments this year. In the Adirondack region, the exploration of the titaniferous magnetites near Lake Sanford, Essex co., has attracted much atten- tion. It has been known for many years that the ore bodies are of enormous extent, and the recent tests have confirmed and added to the previous estimates. The successful issue of the enterprise must depend of course upon. the metallurgical factor, which has hitherto THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 ae deterred iron manufacturers from attempting to utilize the ore in blast furnaces. It is the purpose of the present company to carry out a thorough investigation with a view to finding a commercial ‘outlet for the ore. Considerable quantities of the ore have been mined and shipped for experiment to furnaces and to the magnetite concentrators at Mineville. The Cheever mine near Port Henry, Essex co., is to be reopened. The mine which has been closed down for about 15 years has been equipped with pumps for unwatering the underground workings. It is planned to erect a concentrator during the present season. The Benson mines in St Lawrence county have been taken over by new parties who will begin mining operations during the current year. It is intended at the start to use the old mill, after the neces- sary improvements have been made, but a new one will be erected if warranted by the developments. | The Hammondville district in Essex county has been under ex- ploration by the Oliver Iron Mining Co. A magnetic survey was carried out, and the ground further tested by the diamond drill. The results have shown the existence of ore bodies hitherto unworked, but the reserves thus far found have not been sufficient to warrant a renewal of mining operations. Notes on recent mining developments Mineville. The production from this district was curtailed to some extent by a temporary suspension of operations on the part of the Port Henry [ron Ore Co. A slide of rock and earth last spring partly filled the large open pit in mine “21” and prevented access underground through the inclined shaft at the bottom. The shaft was retimbered and restored, but no ore was taken out for several months. Work in the pit has been discontinued. The com- pany has started a new shaft in order to forestall any further trouble from similar sources. It is located 500 feet south of the present one and east of the Bonanza shaft of Witherbee, Sherman & Co. which is on the same ore body. Mining was continued by Witherbee, Sherman & Co. in the five shafts worked during the preceding year, comprising the Joker and Bonanza on the Old Bed, A and B shafts on the Harmony ore body and Cook shaft. The two mills for treating the ore have likewise been in commission. Exploration work has been prosecuted by the company with little interruption, and the available ore supplies are well ahead of the production. The results obtained by diamond 32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM drilling on the Old Bed have been particularly favorable. The extension of the deposit to the south has been practically established for a distance of several hundred feet beyond the present limits of the workings. With the enormous development shown by the ore body in cross-section, every foot added to its longitudinal extent means an important addition to the ore reserves. The construction of a new power plant was begun by Witherbee, Sherman & Co. during 1906. The building is situated on the lake side at Port Henry, and is constructed of concrete made of cement and mill tailings. It will supply 800 kw. A.6 mile trans- mission line will connect the plant with the mines. This increment to the power supply will enable the company to enlarge considerably its mining operations. Lyon Mountain. ‘he mines were continuously active during 1906 and their output has been larger than for several years past. The increase has been made possible by the erection of a new mill which has doubled the former capacity for concentrating the ore and which was placed in operation for the first time during the summer. Other additions to the plant have been in course of construction, including the installation of a central power station, air compressors, new trackage, and houses for the miners. The new mill was designed for the treatment of 1200 tons crude ore a day or 50 tons an hour. The results thus far obtained show that under normal conditions it is capable of a considerable larger output. It also effects an important saving in the item of labor. The concentrates turned out run about 63 per cent iron. In the old mill about 6 per cent of iron was lost in the tailings, while now the latter carry only 4 per cent as an average.1 The central power station when completed will have a capacity of 3000 h.p. It is to replace the small power plants that are dis- tributed among the different shafts and the old separator. The first third of the station developing 1000 h.p. has been completed and put in operation. It supplies power to the new mill through a 500 kw. generator directly connected to a Curtis turbine. In the same room is installed a cross-compound two stage air compressor for furnishing air to the drills. As described in the issue of the bulletin for 1905, the mines at Lyon Mountain are very extensive. The ore bodies form a prac- tically continuous belt from 5 to 6 miles long. Mining at present is 1 Consult article by D. H. Newland and N. V. Hansell, in Eng. & Min. Jour., Nov. ro £1¢ 17, 1906. & THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 33 confined to the central part of the belt for a distance of about 2000 feet along the outcrop. There are three parallel veins in this part. The principal underground workings are the Hall slope and the adjacent nos. 3, 4 and 5 slopes situated on the front vein. The greatest depth reached is about 1400 feet on the incline, or 800 feet vertically. In the bottom of the Hall slope the horizontal drifts are about 200 feet wide. On the back vein the Burden and Cannon open pits, southeast of the slopes named, have continued to furnish a large quantity of ore. The furnace oi the Northern Iron Co., located at Standish near Lyon Mountain, is run on concentrates from these mines, the pro- duct being jow phosphorus pig iron that finds a special market. Shipments of concentrates are also made to Pennsylvania furnaces. Arnold hill. The Arnold Mining Co. closed down its mines and mill during the summer.. ‘Though the ore resources can not be regarded as exhausted, it was found difficult to maintain the pro- duction at a rate that would supply the mill for continuous run- ning. The ore body that has been mined is irregular and showed evidences of pinching out in depth. There are several other de- posits on Arnold hill, as well as on the adjacent hill to the east, from which an adequate output for the mill might be derived if properly developed. Cheever mine. It is expected to begin ore shipments once more from this mine during the present year. The property has been inactive since 1893. According to the plans drawn up by Mr O. S. Presbrey, the owner, the Weldon shaft on the south end of the ore outcrop will be first reopened. There is known to be a quantity of ore still unworked in this section. A mill will be erected near the shaft for concentrating the leaner magnetite that has been stocked on the surface from previous operations and of which much remains in the mine. ‘The ore previously shipped consisted entirely of lump material running 60 per cent or over in iron. The Cheever mine is situated about 2 miles north of Port Henry close to the shore of Lake Champlain. It is based on a series of deposits that can be traced along the strike for nearly a mile. For a few hundred feet from the outcrop the ore dips sharply to the west or southwest, but then continues nearly horizontal, slightly rising in places, toward the ridge of gabbro which cuts it off on the west. It is frequently faulted and intersected by dikes. The old workings are said to cover an area of 4oacres. The deposits range up to 20 feet thick. | 34. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The ore in appearance and composition is much like that from the Mineville deposits. It is, however, lower in phosphorus than the Old Bed product, with an iron content of from 63 to 65 per cent. The shipments are reported by Smock to have amounted in all to 800,000 tons. Lake Sanford. The property formerly owned by the McIn- tyre Iron Co., comprising over 100 square miles in western Essex county within which the Lake Sanford titaniferous magnetite de- posits are located, has been taken over by parties for the purpose of exploration and development. The new company has been organ- ized by Mr W. T. Foote, who is actively identified with its manage- ment. It is to be known as the Tahawus Iron Ore Co. Explora- tory work has been under way throughout the past year. The Lake Sanford ore bodies are the largest of their kind in the Adirondacks and undoubtedly rank among the largest deposits of iron Ore in the entire country. They were first made known to the public through the descriptions of Professor Emmons in his reports on the Survey of the Second Geological District. They have since been investigated by Prof. J. F. Kemp,! who has given a very full account of their geology as well as of their mineralogical and chemical characters. The diamond drill tests made during the past year have demon- strated that the ore bodies, which have hitherto been known only from outcrop, extend to considerable depths and that there are enormous resources of ore available for easy extraction. On the Sanford deposit the drills have shown as much as 360 feet of ore, and they have nowhere passed into the foot wall. This ore body “was prospected by Professor Emmons who, as a result of his obser- vations which have been recorded with much detail, estimated that it contained over 6,000,000 tons of ore within a distance of 2 feet below the adjoining surface. The bounds of the deposit as known to him have been greatly extended by subsequent investigations. The ore from this locality is a coarse titaniferous magnetite. It . is nearly free from admixed minerals of the wall rock, except on the borders where more or less feldspar and pyroxene are present. The deposit is well situated for working, as it outcrops along the sides and crest of a hill which rises about 300 feet above the shore of Lake Sanford. Quarry methods can be used here to advantage. The recent exploration has disclosed the existence of an area of ore-bearing ground north and west of Calamity brook, near the : 1 Titaniferous Iron Ores of the Adirondacks. U.S. Geol. Sur. roth'An. Rep’t, pt III. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 35 outlet of Lake Henderson. The tract lies without the limits of the deposits that have been previously described. Though much of the ore is mixed with rock there are large bodies of practically solid magnetite of a quality not inferior to the Sanford ore. The following is a record of one of the drill holes. Feet Inches Lean ore, consisting of disseminated magnetite with SeMPPMe MAG MY CORCNE) 2-2 ene ob ss oops ne ee eee ae 8 19 g Fe LE DPE ee Seat CAE eae are een a a SPE ZO) 6 PPReRmECIMCNTINOre Mites. ccd ess cit wae eee eee ee 15 as MMMM eee ocr ek ok oa eee eves les 3 Be 6 Pimeimesriyille SOME OTC. 0.6 os 6 ccs te eee ee os a AE IT ee MME ogee a nee (Sync) cto ae Fat eke Oe ew ee es 12 [DDS SLM 1 SEU U0 eChoice Pe a 8 PMeree@nerciteniatine with rock. 22... 00... ee ee ee 10 ai wd LS: go eS eas A ac eee ear eee Sane 5 144 II The Cheney ore bed west of Lake Sanford and the several de- posits between Lakes Sanford and Henderson are known to be extensive. An interesting feature that has been brought out by recent ex- perimentation with the ores is the possibility of reducing the titan- ium by mill treatment. It has been established that in some cases at least this element is not uniformly distributed in chemical com- bination with the iron, as has been advanced by some writers. By crushing the ore to fine size and passing over magnets, a process like that used in the concentration of nontitaniferous magnetites, _ it is found that a separation can be made into a strongly magnetic portion and a residuum that is very weakly magnetic. The magnetic material shows on analysis a smaller content of titanium than the average of the ore used in the experiment, the content decreasing with the fineness to which the ore has beencrushed. The weakly magnetic portion, which passes into the tailings, contains on the other hand an increased proportion of this element. The experi- ments seem to prove beyond all doubt that in such cases the ore consists of a mechanical mixture of two minerals, one of which is magnetite, with only a small amount of titanium, and the other a titanium-bearing iron oxid that is probably ilmenite. With the Sanford ore, it has been found that the titanium can be brought down to a limit where the utilization of the concentrates in the blast 30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM furnace appears to be practicable. It may be pointed out that prac- tically all of the so called nontitaniferous magnetites of the Adiron- dacks, as probably elsewhere, carry titanium, though the amount, of course, is small, usually less than 1 per cent. Besides the possibility of concentration, it is not unlikely that a portion of the titaniferous ore can be used in crude state. Analyses show that the titanium is extremely variable. Some ores from the district contain only about 5 or 6 per cent, so that by mixing with ores free from titanium the percentage could be reduced to a frac- tion of that amount. The open-hearth process of steel making furnishes another possible outlet. The Lake Sanford deposits are situated in the interior of the Adirondacks, on the slopes of the rugged mountain group centering around Mt Marcy. ‘Their elevation of outcrop averages about 2000 feet above sea level. The nearest railroad point is North Creek, about 30 miles distant. The problem of transportation is thus a critical one; the construction of a branch railroad is now under consideration. Forest of Dean. The Hudson Iron Co. began active mining at this locality during 1906. The company took over the mine in October 1905, but as the work of unwatering and reequipping ex- tended over several months, no shipments were made until the following summer. The Forest of Dean mine is situated 5 miles west of Fort Mont- gomery, Orange co. It has the longest record as a producer, prob- ably, of any mine in the country that is now under operation. Ac- cording to Beck it was worked as early as 1756. In the period from 1865 to 1894, when it was under the ownership of the Forest of Dean Iron Ore Co., the production amounted to over 500,000 tons. The ore body consists of an immense shoot that is apparently folded upon itself into a synclinal, the two wings of which extend to the surface. The wall rock and ore dip steeply southeast, while the latter pitches to the northeast. The horse of gneiss separating the two wings of the fold wedges out with depth. Access to the underground workings is had through a slope driven on the foot wall. The slope has been carried to a distance of 1700 feet from the surface and a vertical depth of 700 feet. The ore is a rich magnetite of non-Bessemer character. An analy- sis quoted from Smock’s report shows the following percentages: Tron oxid<(Fe,O}) see ee ee 83.56 Silica: (SiO) ee eee. RE Sie ee 5.00 Phosphoric anhydrid (PLO, a2. ee ee ee 2.30 THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY: 1906 37 J ulligititih 1), {CEN GS V2 Ga aa ee a tr Pea ranotisr OXI s(INITIO ce we Ae acl cesses sates 63 ot ERE (UCD De US paar et SMa ae en 5-51 co LENSTOGESTEE (CNG O))) as Ra re nae re Rr ene ie rec nae I.19 Peremommcioxid: (CUO )ir es be jliifa nlc kc WO Mere @ T.05 Saree tice Tame nC) peng enol Pr Vaiethc le: Sotaytiel Maye Oe ale de . 20 99. 44 The company owns a furnace at Secaucus, N. J., to which the ore is shipped. In order to reach the Hudson river, a tramroad 4 miles long has been built. At the terminal of the road the ore is loaded into the buckets of an aerial rope conveyor, 6300 feet long, which carries it to the dock at Fort Montgomery where there is a 1000-ton storage bin. The power for driving the air compressor and pump at the mine is taken from the adjacent Popolopen creek. Caledonia mine. This mine situated in the hematite district of St Lawrence and Jefferson counties has been operated in recent years by the Rossie Iron Ore Co. It has furnished altogether prob- ably 500,000 tons of ore. The record for the past year has been a very creditable one, the output having been more than double that for 1905, while large resources have been opened for future exploita- tion. The company has recently enlarged and improved its surface plant which will enable it to increase the production still further. The ore is a fairly rich soft hematite, running from 50 to over 60 per cent in iron. Its quality seems to improve somewhat with the progress of mining in depth. It carries a relatively high proportion of lime which with its ex- cellent physical character makes it very adaptable to furnace treat- ment. A rough sorting is required to remove admixed rock, and about one fourth of the material hoisted is thus rejected at the sur- face. An analysis! of shipping ore shows the following chemical constituents : LiGip., (CIES at MOREE ee aR aes as ie ney area ee, eae g tra pear Gr eam ClO es ese gil tee ytia acmpace saan ade Wah 5. oo tie Oh Bel MNbIN A a CN O)e8) ores ons Catic Spe ais au tegsA 5 4 ww lore ao 7 .O4 Wansanous.oxid (MMO). 6 2c See es ens 1.69 NBinatem QO AO) eer cs e:cwele ase r etre = Cage oie setae ge tones Geos aie’s 7.04 Neale a ONGC) i isi .c sys Meaele se 2 ee wcetaher ss Ble 0.38 mone diame (CO) oo ees ey ols ae ee oes Ev Ag SHUTS TE (CS) a a ee et EH oh ae ga .03 1 See article by Robert B. Brinsmade, Eng. & Min. Jour. Sept. 15, 1906. 38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM From an average of several determinations, the phosphorus may be placed at about .5 per cent. The ore occurrence furnishes an interesting example of the re- placement type of deposits. The associated rocks are crystalline limestone and schists of Precambric (Grenville) age and Potsdam sandstone. The Precambrics have a northeasterly strike and a variable dip generally to the southeast. They are overlain by the sandstone with a marked erosional unconformity at the base. ‘The dip and strike of the sandstone are. subject to rapid changes from place to place, though it usually lies more nearly horizontal than the other formations. The limestone and schist. form an interbedded series that is seem- ingly conformable. Alternating belts of the two rocks occur across the strike, the repetition being due probably to successive folds with northeast-southwest axes. The schist is a quartzose graphitic variety, finely laminated as a rule. It doubtless represents an original silicious shale that contained considerable carbonaceous matter. Secondary alteration, apparently connected with the process of ore formation, has resulted in the development of chlorite from the silicates, forming a chlorite schist. ‘This is locally called ser- pentine, but there is very little true serpentine present, so far as observed. The chlorite schist is always closely associated with the ore. | In many places the sandstone capping is notably altered at the base. It is decomposed to a soft iron-stained material, at times carrying a fairly large percentage of hematite and grading into the ore bodies below. : At the Caledonia mine the deposits follow the contact betweena belt of limestone which constitutes the foot wall and an overlying belt of schist. They have a pronounced irregular often sinuous form, with bulges and pinches along the strike and dip. They fre- quently branch and run off for some distance into the hanging and foot walls. The limestone along the contact has-been dissolved out to form deep cavities and these may be filled with ore. Horses of both limestone and schist are not infrequently encountered in the midst of the deposits. The workings do not appear to have pene- trated anywhere the Potsdam, though it occurs on the hanging side within probably 100 feet of the edge of the limestone. Where seen on the surface above the workings it has a high dip to the east. The tilting has been due probably to settling of the surface owing to removal of the limestone by solution. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 39 There are abundant evidences that the ore deposits have origi- nated by a process of replacement. The cores of schist show grada- tion from the central unaltered nuclei outward into the rich hema- tite. Specimens of the ore may be found that still show the band- ing and cleavage characteristic of the schist. The presence of graphite, which would naturally be the most resistant of the minerals to solvent action, furnishes a clue to the origin of the ore even when all the other primary constituents have been removed. The rela- tively high percentages of silica and lime in the ore are likewise suggestive in that connection. As to the source from which the ore has been derived, Prof. C. H. Smyth? jr has given an explanation that accords best with the geological phenomena surrounding the occurrence. Though based principally on observations made at the Old Sterling mine, the theory is equally applicable to the Caledonia ore body and in fact to all of the deposits in the district. Briefly stated, it ascribes the formation of the ore to the circulation of underground waters which have dis- solved the iron-bearing minerals from the adjacent rocks and de- posited their burden in the form of oxid and carbonate when they came in contact with the limestone. The source of the iron is to be traced to the presence of pyrite and magnetite in the schist. There are bands of schist impregnated with pyrite in the vicinity of the Caledonia mine, as weil as at the Dickson and Old Sterling mines. These pyritic bands are developed on a large scale throughout the Grenville schists of St Lawrence county and have for a number of years been the object of mining. By oxidation, the iron would be brought into solution as ferrous and ferric sulfates. Free sulfuric acid would also result and would react upon the veins and dissemina- tions of magnetite in the schist. On coming in contact with the limestone, the solutions would be decomposed, the iron being pre- cipitated as carbonate or limonite, while at the same time the lime carbonate would pass into solution. By subsequent alteration the carbonate and limonite have been changed to hematite. Residual masses of unaltered carbonate are occasionally found in the Cale- donia mine. The iron has been precipitated in part in the body of the schist, without the agency of limestone. Dickson mine. The Old Sterling Iron Co. has recently re- opened this property, which has been inoperative for several years. The mine is situated on the southwestern end of the belt in which tN. Y. State Mus. 47th An. Rep’t, 1894. p. 692. 40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the Caledonia and Old Sterling deposits are located, about a mile from the latter. It was first worked in 1858. The ore is an earthy hematite, occurring within graphitic schist. There is no limestone exposed in the workings and this rock does not appear to be present in the immediate vicinity. The deposits occupy zones of replacement following the bedding planes of the schist. The dip is to the northwest in an opposite direction to that at the Caledonia mine. The workings have reached a depth of 160 feet on the dip, and range from 10 to 40 feet wide. Ore has been mined in the past from several pits between the Old Sterling and Dickson mines. There are good opportunities for exploration in the vicinity, as well as in the interval between the Old Sterling and the Caledonia mines. All of the deposits practically that are known have been located by surface outcrops. Their aggre- gate extent is small compared with the body of the schist, and it is not at all improbable that ore bodies may be found beneath the drift-covered areas. Tests with the dip needie show that the ore bodies have no appreciable magnetic properties, so that exploration would have to be carried on by costeaning or driiling. The thick- ness of the drift, judging from sections exposed in the district, is nowhere very great, probably less than 50 feet in most places. The Clinton hematite BG Ca VAS EGAN AGE, The Clinton ores occur as beds in the Clinton formation and extend for a distance of about 120 miles, from Herkimer county as far west as Monroe county. In the eastern section there are present two and some times three beds of ore. The lower oolitic bed is about 8 inches thick and is not at present worked, though in charac- ter it is very similar to the oolitic bed occurring 2 feet higher, which is the only one of the three beds now exploited. The lower politic bed is quite local in distribution and is definitely known only on the property of the Franklin Iron Manufacturing Co. The upper bed, locally known as “ red flux,” is found 24 feet higher. This bed is 5 feet thick and is strictly a fossil ore, consisting largely of bryo- zoan fragments and lacking oolites which are so characteristic of the lower beds. The analysis of the upper bed gives about 307 iron, which is too low to be profitably employed at present. In the western section only one bed of ore is found. It here combines the character of the “red flux ” and oolitic beds of the east- THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 4I ern section, in that it is made up partly of fossil fragments and partly of oolites. Its stratigraphic position in relation to the beds of the eastern section is not definitely known though it appears to be most closely related to the lower or oolitic beds. The dip of the Clinton formation varies from 50 to 100 feet per mile and throughout its extent from Herkimer county to Monroe county contains one or more beds of ore. If only a single bed with an average thickness of 20 inches is used as a basis for calculation, the quantity of ore available in each mile of outcrop and an equal distance on the dip amounts in round figures to 5,000,000 long tons. Furnaceville Iron Co. This company is engaged in mining ore near Ontario Center, Wayne co. The open cut method for mining the ore is here used to good advantage. The overlying soil and rock, 18 to 20 feet thick, are first loosened by blasting and then removed with steam shovels and revolving derricks. To loosen the soil and rock, holes extending downward through the capping and 3 inches into the ore are made with churn drills. The holes are 16 feet apart, the first row being drilled 6 feet from the edge of the trench. The loosened material is removed by steam shovels which drop the material into the buckets of the derricks which convey it to the spoil banks, opposite the long face of the trench and just beyond the edge of the ore which is being cleared of its overburden. Two sets of steam shovels and derricks, working in parallel and along the strike of the bed clear the ore for a width of 60 feet. A layer of limestone, 15 to 18 inches thick, remains on the ore which is not readily removed by the steam shovels. This is blasted away or removed by hand. The ore which is 22 inches thick is loosened by blasting. Steam drills are used and the holes are about 3 feet apart and 3 feet back from the edge of the ore. The drill holes extend about 3 inches into the underlying argillaceous limestone. A small amount of the latter comes off with the ore but it is readily removed. The ore is broken with hammers into convenient size for handling. The ore is then loaded into buckets holding about 2%4 tons. A derrick carries the buckets directly to the cars which stand on a branch track of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad. The track is located on the edge of the trench on the side opposite the spoil bank, and is moved back whenever a new working face is established along the strike. About 16 buckets of ore are needed for a car of 80,000 pounds. The ore is shipped to Emporium, Pa. Wolcott. The Clinton ore was formerly mined near Wolcott. 42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM | 24 miles east of Ontario. A furnace was in operation there as early as 1824. It is no longer in operation, the last blast having been made in 1869. The ore for the furnace was obtained in town- ship 41, near Black creek, about 4 miles east from the furnace. The overburden is said to consist of 20 feet of soil and rock, the ore being 30 inches thick. The section is no longer accessible for meas- urement. A small amount of ore was also obtained just below the furnace along Wolcott creek. At present the ore shows a thick- ness of 14 inches, but as it lies immediately beneath surface soil, it undoubtedly represents but a part of the thickness of the original ore bed. Fair Haven Iron Co. Ten miles northeast from Wolcott, the Fair Haven Iron Co. has recently begun to take out ore by the open cut method. The holdings of the company consist of 280 acres located at Sterling Station, Cayuga co. The opening for the ore is 400 yards southwest of the station and adjacent to the railroad tracks. The operations are conducted on the opposite side of the railroad from the old workings of the Furnaceville Iron Co. A siding from the railroad leads directly to the workings. The equip- ment of the company consists of one 60-ton Marion steam shovel, one 15-ton locomotive crane, two derricks, one 30-h.p. boiler, etc. The company is at present engaged in excavating a trench along the strike of the ore. No large amount of ore has been taken out, but the company will begin shipping during the current. year. Clinton. All the operations now carried on at Clinton for the production of ore are by drifting. The open-cut method was abandoned principally because of the increasing thickness of the overburden. | The mining operations at Clinton are at present carried on by the Franklin Iron Manufacturing Co. and Mr C. A. Borst. The former company operates what were formerly known as the Franklin and Clinton mines. The operations of Mr Borst are carried on a short distance farther north at the two beds known as the Elliott and the Butler. At both of the mines at Clinton the long wall method of working isused. Briefly this plan consists of a main gangway with branches so arranged that a space of 50 feet can be worked on each side of them. In mining, the working face is kept a short distance ahead of the gangway. When a working face is established the ore is obtained by drilling diagonally from the top of the bed. Upon blasting, the front and lower portion of the ore is thrown out. The ore is ae eT ee Se ee — THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1900 43 trimmed in the mine and loaded into the mine cars. The remaining ore and enough of the overlying shale is then removed by drilling horizontally and blasting, so as to give sufficient hight for the miners to work. The ore varies from 30 to 36 inches in these mines so that about 18 to 24 inches of shale is removed. The waste from the ore and all the shale removed goes into the gob. The roof is further secured by timbering. ‘The posts are placed parallel to the working face and from 5 to 10 feet apart depending upon the nature of the roof. The ore is hauled from the mine workings on cars. In the Frank- lin Iron Manufacturing Co.’s mines the cars are drawn by mules. In the Borst mine, steel cars with roller bearings are used; the grade in the mine is so slight that they can be operated by hand. In this mine steel rails connected by fish plates are used. The track rests directly on the rock so that in reality it serves as a portable railway. in the Franklin mines ventilation is made more perfect by means of a central air shaft. The product of the Borst mines goes principally to paint manu- facturers. The ore from the Franklin mines is smelted at the com- pany’s furnace at Franklin Springs about 2 miles south from the mines. MILLSTONES Millstones are obtained in Ulster county. The industry is a small one, but it has been established for more than a century and still furnishes most of the millstones made in this country. The product is known as Esopus stone, Esopus being the early name for Kings- ton, once the principal point of shipment. The millstones are quarried from the Shawangunk grit, a light gray quartz conglomerate found along the Shawangunk mountain from near High Falls southwest toward the Pennsylvania border. The Cacalico stone obtained in Lancaster county, Pa., and the Brush mountain stone, found in Montgomery county, Va., are of similar character. In Ulster county the grit rests upon the eroded surface of gray Hudson River shales and is overlain by red shale. It has generally been correlated with the Oneida conglomerate of central New York, though recent investigations have shown that it belongs higher up in the series, namely in the Salina. Its thickness ranges from 50 to 200 feet. The grit is composed of quartz pebbles of milky color inclosed in a Silicious matrix. The pebbles are more or less rounded and vary from a fraction of an inch up to 2 inches in diameter. The texture is an important factor in determining the value and particular use of the finished millstones. 44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The size of the stones marketed ranges from 15 to 90 inches. The ereater demand is for the smaller and medium sizes, with diameters of 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 inches. A pair of 30-inch millstones com- monly sells for $15, while $50 may be paid for a single stone 60 inches in diameter. The largest sizes bring. from $50 to $100. Besides the common type of millstones, disks are furnished which are employed in a roll type of crusher known as a chaser. The pavement of such crushers is also supplied by the quarrymen, in the formof blocks. Quartz, feldspar and barytes are commonly ground in chasers. Most of the Ulster county quarries are situated along the north- ern edge of the Shawangunk mountain. Kyserike, St Josen, Granite and Kerhonkson are the principal centers of the industry while the distributing points include New Paltz and Kingston in addition to those named. The industry is carried on intermittently, many of the producers engaging in other occupations during a part of the year. The market for millstones has been curtailed of late years by the introduction. of rolls, ball mills and other improved forms of grind- ing machinery. The roller mill process has displaced the old type of cereal mills, particularly in grinding wheat. The small corn mills distributed throughout the southern states, however, still use millstones arid furnish one of the important markets for the New York quarries. A part of the product is sold also to cement and talc manufacturers. The production of millstones in 1906 amounted to a value of $22,442, or nearly the same as in the previous year when a valuation of $22,944 was reported. The production in 1904 was valued at $21,476. MINERAL PAINT The term mineral paint is here used to designate the natural min- eral colors obtained by grinding an ore or rock. The materials suitable for this purpose that are found in New York State include iron ore, shale, slate and ocher. For metallic paint and mortar colors some form of iron ore, gen- erally hematite or limonite, is commonly employed, but only a few localities are known where the ore possesses the requisite qualities of color and durability. The fossil hematite from the Clinton forma- tion is perhaps most widely used in this country. The mines owned by C. A. Borst at Clinton, Oneida.co., and those of the Furnaceville Iron Co. at Ontario, Wayne co., supply much of the crude material. — THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 45 The red hematite mined by the Rossie Iron Ore Co. at Rossie, St Lawrence co., also yields a good metallic paint. Mineral paint made from shale and slate is quite extensively used for wooden structures. When there is a considerable percentage of iron oxids present, the shale and slate may be sold for metallic paint. Their value depends largely upon the depth and durability of their color; but the degree of natural fineness and the amount of oil re- quired in mixing must also be considered in determining their utility. At Randolph, Cattaraugus co., beds of green, brown and bluish shale occur in the Chemung formation. They are worked by the Elko Paint Co. In years past red shale has been obtained in Herkimer county from the Vernon beds at the base of the Salina. A similar material occurring in the Catskill series has been worked at Roxbury, Delaware co. The red slate of Washington county, which belongs in the Cambric, is also ground for paint. The Algonquin Red Slate Co. of Worcester, Mass., and A. J. Hurd of Eagle Bridge produce this material. A product known as mineral black is made by grinding slate found in the Hudson River series. The ferruginous clay called ocher occurs quite commonly in the State, but no deposits are exploited at present. A bed occurring on Crane mountain, Washington co., once supplied a considerable quantity. Sienna, a variety of ocher, occurs near Whitehall. The deposit is a thin stratum in glacial drift and has been worked on a small scale. In addition to the producers above mentioned, the Clinton Metallic Paint Co. of Clinton, and the William Connors Paint Manufacturing Co. of Troy, are engaged in the manufacture of mineral paints from New York materials. The production of mineral paints in 1906 was as follows: metallic paint and mortar color 2714 short tons valued at $29,140; slate pigment 2045 short tons valued at $15,960. In the year 1905 the following quantities were reported: metallic paint and mortar color, 6059 short tons, valued at $70,090; slate pigment, 2929 short tons valued at $22,668. These quantities include only the output made within the State from local materials. A part of the crude material is shipped each year to points outside of the State for manufacture. An output of 9382 tons valued at $22,949 was reported by four firms who sell the crude ore or rock to paint grinders. 46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM NATURAL GAS There are 15 counties in the State in which natural gas was pro- duced for lighting and heating purposes during the past year. The principal supplies were derived from the fields in Allegany, Cat- - taraugus, Chautauqua and Erie counties, the aggregate value of their output being about 85% of that for the whole State. It is gratifying to note that the production reported from the different fields, with some exceptions, has been gradually increasing of late years. This is due in part, no doubt, to the greater care with which the supply is now conserved and utilized, as compared with the wasteful methods once used; but it would also appear that the natural re- sources are not in danger of rapid exhaustion. The gas pools are found at several horizons in the geological column, ranging from the Potsdam sandstone in the Cambric to the Chemung and Portage shales and sandstones of the Devonic. As a rule there is a definite horizon for each field, though some wells have vielded gas at different depths and from various rock formations. The Trenton limestone seems to be the lowest of the prolific strata from which gas has been obtained in large quantity. It affords the main supply in the wells of Oswego and Onondaga counties. The Medina sandstone has come into prominence lately by reason of the large pools that have been found in it in Erie county, now the most productive of the State. The wells recently put down at Silver Creek, Chautauqua co., are also bottomed in the Medina. The Portage and Chemung strata yield most of the gas produced at other localities along the shore of Lake Erie in Chautauqua co., and practically the entire output of Cattaraugus and Allegany counties. One of the leading developments of the past year has been the opening of a promising field at Pavilion, in the southeastern part of Genesee county. Five wells were dfilled by the Pavilion Natural Gas Co., and are reported to have given indications of a flow amount- ing to over 2,000,000 cubic feet a day. They are located on the Starr and Hooker farms. It is intended to driil additional wells during the present year. The company furnishes gas to the village of Pavilion and has laid a pipe line to Leroy for the purpose of supply- ing that place. A second company was formed and secured leases within the village where it drilled four wells, of which all but one were dry. The gas is found at a depth of from 1700 to 1850 feet in what is believed to be the Medina sandstone. A bed of rock salt 84 feet thick was penetrated in well no. 2 of the Pavilion Natural Gas Co. bs | | THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 47 At Seneca Falls, Seneca co., a well drilled by H. W. Knight en- countered gas at 1450 feet. It was continued to a depth of 1617 feet, giving a flow estimated at 20,000 cubic feet a day. Several wells have been drilled for oil and gas in the vicinity of Dansville, Livingston co., during the past few years without any success. Further exploration has been undertaken at a locality about 4 miles south of the village, and has resulted in the discovery of a gas horizon at 1200 feet. It is intended to continue drilling to 2500 feet. The Cherry Creek Oil Co. located a very successful well near Cherry Creek, in eastern Chautauqua county. The flow at the out- set was above 500,000 cubic feet and has averaged about 150,000 cubic feet a day. The gas is used in Cherry Creek. The Frost Gas Co. of Fredonia, Chautauqua co., and the Welch Gas Co. of Westfield in the same county are new producers. The ‘wells owned by the former company are situated at Sheridan. The Welch Gas Co. drilled one well to a depth of 2355 feet when a pool was encountered which gave a measured flow of 235,000 cubic feet a day, afterwards settling down to 100,000 cubic feet. The horizon is said to be the white Medina sandstone. The well is located in Westfield and has been connected with the village mains. The company has a second weli under way which had reached a depth of 2000 feet at the close of the year. The gas field at Silver Creek, Chautauqua co., which was first opened in 1904, continues to be very productive. It supplies Dun- kirk, Forestville and Silver Creek. The South Shore Gas Co. and the Silver Creek Gas & Improvement Co. handle the output. In Steuben county the North Side Gas & Oil Co. has been en- gaged in exploration at Ferenbaugh, 4 miles north of Corning. A flow of about 25,000 cubic feet was struck in the first well at a depth of 250 feet. The company will continue operations. At Keuka a test well was put down on the farm owned by E. Newman, resulting in the discovery of small pockets at depths from 60 to 210 feet. Owing to an inrush of water the well has not been com- mercially productive. The Tusco Oil, Mineral & Gas Co., operating at Woodhull, reported the discovery of gas, though no attempt was made to utilize the flow. Yates county reported an output of gas for the first time in 1906. The Rushville Mining & Gas Co. drilled two wells during the preceding year which supply the village of Rushville. The occurrence of natural gas near Voorheesville, Albany co., may be recorded, though there has been no commercial production. A 48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM well drilled for water opened a pocket in the Hudson River shales at 150 feet depth. The flow rapidly diminished. Production. The value of the output of natural gas in 1906, as reported by the individual producers and pipe line companies, was $766,579. In 1905 the output was valued at $607,000 and in 1904 at $552,197. The gain for the year was thus about 26 per cent, while in the last years there has been an increase of nearly 50 per cent. The quantity of gas produced in 1906 amounted to 3,007,086,000 cubic feet. In arriving at this total estimates are included for certain producers who were unable to supply exact figures, but, as it is only the smaller operators as a rule that do not keep records of their wells, the estimate is very close to the actual production. The quantity of gas yielded by the wells in 1905 is estimated at 2,639,- 130,000 cubic feet, and in 1904 at 2,399,987,000 cubic feet. Production of natural gas COUNTY 1904 1905 1906 Mlleganivy-eCattaraucus. a. snr ee oe $183 830 | $204 430 $247 208 Chattaucwalrt.. suet. eegev tia reas ols eee 21 (822 20.222 94 345 Se ch Bae Sires Mopron Le hcten ens sea eae 254 899 281 253 2078 554 GueVANEStOM a vis cin ccn | he re ee B22 0aGr 41 805 52 805 Onondagaswen.. 08 oles ase, oe is BIS) 16 825 16 385 OSWeR Olen tet Fn st ae one ayia ee ee 14 990 137583 132. Use DAW sOmMn Otten Gaol ont ee are eee 18 855" 22 S72 25 LOO BOO Cal Ihe Hao ica aie cek Roce aha Ste oa gates? $552 197 | $607 000 $766 579 binslude’ alco’ NidewtacndGenee: Counce: 0 0 a Rama The average value of the natural gas as given in the returns ranges from a minimum of 18 cents to a maximum of 50 cents a thousand cubic feet. The general average for the whole State during the last three years has been about 25 cents. The largest relative increase in production during the past year was shown by Chautauqua county, with a total valued at $94,345 against. $26,232 in 1905. Erie county reported an output valued at $317,554 as compared with $281,253 in the preceding year. There was also a notable increase in the fields of Allegany and Cattaraugus counties. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1900 49 REHEAT : The application of peat to industrial uses has continued to attract attention during 1906. As heretofore the main object in view has been to utilize the material for fuel purposes. The enterprises in New York State, however, have not been carried as yet beyond the experimental stage, and there were no plants making peat fuel on a commercial scale. A new feature of the subject that has come into prominence in the last year is the possibility of using peat for paper manufacture, a development suggested by recent work along this line that has been carried out in Europe. The latest, as well as, perhaps, the most important experiments in the utilization of peat for fuel within the State has been started at Heuvelton, St Lawrence co. They are based on different prin- ciples than have heretofore been adopted for the purpose. The plant is installed on a boat, 125 feet long and 30 feet wide, which is self-propelling and carries all the machinery required for exca- vating the peat and converting it into marketable fuel. It is planned to operate on Black lake near Ogdensburg, where there are reported to be peat deposits at no great depths. The dredging apparatus consists of two conveyor chains that travel along inclined ways in- dependently mounted and swinging so as to cover a width of 4c feet in front of the boat. The inclined ways can be raised or low- ered as required, according to the depth from which it is necessary to dredge the peat. The latter is carried by the bucket chains into a hopper from which it is spouted to the first of the machines de- signed for its treatment, where it is mashed and kneaded. This machine breaks up the coarser material and at the same time expels a portion of the absorbed water. In the next process the peat under- goes a more thorough drying by heat. The drier resembles somewhat a horizontal water tube boiler and is made up of a large number of tubes arranged in tiers, the succeeding tubes of each tier sloping slightly in opposite directions. Steam is admitted around the tubes, while the peat is carried through them by special conveyors until it has made the entire circuit. After drying the peat is to be compressed into briquets or produced for use in gas producers. All the machinery is operated by electric power supplied by a boiler and engine that have been installed on the boat. The plant is built after the designs of Mr Walter T. Griffin who has also supervised its construction. It was not completed in time te be placed in operation before the close of the year. The manufacture of peat into the heavier grades of paper, stich as are employed in making cartons, boxes, etc., was commenced last 50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM year by the Pilgrim Paper Co., who have erected a plant at Capac, Mich. It is reported that very satisfactory results have been ob-_ tained during the short period of activity. A subsidiary company has been incorporated for the purpose of establishing the industry in New York State and has acquired for that purpose a tract of peat land near Oswego. The special machinery requisite in using peat fiber is made after the Esser patents which are owned in Vienna, Austria. A small proportion of wood pulp in the form of screen- ings or of newspaper is incorporated with the fiber. The finished product has a strong, smooth texture and is quite resistant to damp- ness Or moisture in contrast with paper made from ordinary mate- rials. The peat found in the vicinity of Oswego is well adapted for this use, owing to its perfectly fibrous condition and freedom from foreign matter. A carload of peat was also shipped from ~ Glens Falls to Michigan for experimental purposes. PETROLEUM ' The petroleum industry of New York State shows few changes from year to year. There have been no important additions to the areas of the oil fields for some time, yet the output has been fairly well maintained as is evidenced by comparison of the annual totals which are included herewith. The stability of the industry may be ascribed largely to the fact that the oil pools when once tapped continue productive for a relatively long period. The increment from the new borings that are put down each year about counter- balances the decline in output from the old wells. At present the average daily yield of each well is less than one barrel. Pumping is generally resorted to and for this purpose gas engines, which are supplied from the natural gas that accompanies the petroleum, are used. From the storage tanks of the individual producers the oil is run into pipe lines for transport to the refineries. There are six pipe line companies operating in the State who handle practically all of the product. The oil-bearing territory includes portions of Cattaraugus, Alle- gany and Steuben counties. It is the northernmost portion of the Appalachian field, which reaches its main development in the states of Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia. The oil in the New York fields is associated with dark colored sandstones belonging to the Chemung formation of the Upper Devonic. During the year 1906 a promising discovery of oil was made in the Short Tract district of northern Allegany county, where several THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 SI wells have been drilled within the last five or six years, but without establishing the existence of oil in quantity. The well was put down on the Van Nostrand farm, 5 miles from Fillmore. At a depth of 568 feet oil began to flow under natural pressure but soon subsided. A yield of about Io barrels a day has been secured by pumping. The product is an amber oil of light specific gravity. Further drilling has been undertaken to test the importance of the discovery. In the Bolivar district of southwestern Allegany county, a pos- sible enlargement of the known productive limits is indicated by recent drilling at a locality 8 miles south of the village of Bolivar. Several wells were opened last year for gas, and one of them tapped an oil-bearing stratum at 1000 feet depth, yielding about five barrels a day. The output of petroleum in New York State amounted in 1906 to 1,043,088 barrels of 42 gallons, as compared with 949,511 barrels in the preceding year. The estimated value of the yield was $1,721,- 095, or an average of $1.65 per barrel. On the same basis the pro- duction in 1905 was valued at $1,566,931. In the compilation of the statistics for these years, as well as for 1904, the receipts of oil reported by the pipe line companies have been used. The list of companies is as follows: The Allegany Pipe Line Co., Columbia Pipe Line Co., Union Pipe Line Co., and Fords Brook Pipe Line Co., of Wellsville, and the Tide Water Pipe Co., Limited, of Brad- ford, Pa. @Production of petroleum in New York ——————— EEE YEAR BARRELS VALUE | DEES. - 2c ce SR ee eee eee | 1 585 030 | $1 061 970 ee errs ee. eit doses sos Se als 8 = SS iS i7fey este 708 297 ea REPRE rasa, 8 bois rie da hete ww x He more we EOF GOT 660 000 DEL 2 2 2 5c SS eR se Seg ema 942 431 790 464 DEL EL os 2S eee a ee ee QI2 948 I 240 468 Set! .. 2 22 SER ee ieee ee eer I 205 220 I 420 653 ESE 7 2 tee ee ee Se ORE a ree Kee E279 255 I 005 736 MEE = 2 oc SW ars acs «+ > mS) eve eS ene 2 oe I 205 250 I 098 284 PIE oie ce Pes es a eS ae eee sen I 320 909 I 708 926 TILL... be 2a ea eee rene ee I 300 925 I 759 501 eR a Pau eral es 5 os) gS eevee oa eee & I 206 618 | I 460 008 BR is Sey. oe in 5a Ha ce eyes le tf Tig 730: | I 530 852 ae erat 8 Se 5 acre obs. wis 08 by- aise aher ou Gio es EL EO2ZI979 - | I 849 135 2322: SS ee Se sahp tenant eee I 036 179 | i Joo) 770 pa 0S Sense Fs, oS ia acs 3 = a ere ee ace = Es 949 511 | I 566 931 ee es Si ees p's Ses oo nie eens ee I 043 088 | © 7252095 aThe statistics for the years 1891-1903 inclusive are taken from the annual volumes of the Mineral Resources. 52 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PYRITE There was a small output of pyrite from the St Lawrence county mines during the past year. The quantity reported was 11,798 long tons valued at $35,550, as compared with 10,100 long tons valued at $40,465 in 1905. The production was rather incidental to the preliminary work of development, than to regular mining. The deposits in St Lawrence county have been under exploitation for several years, yet mining operations, hitherto, have had a desul- tory character without any stable or permanent basis. The main difficulty which seems to have prevented a successful issue of the various undertakings started in this field has been the lack of ade- quate capital to open the mines and equip them for large scale operations. The problem involved is very similar to that of mag- netite mining in the Adirondacks. The St Lawrence Pyrite Co., who took over the Stella mine at Hermon, has inaugurated the most extensive, as well as, perhaps, the most promising developments that have yet been undertaken. The company recently completed a 500 ton mill on the property and has been engaged during the year in opening the mines to supply an adequate output of ore. A railroad from the village of Hermon to Dekalb Junction has been built by the company and will enable it to ship the ore by car direct from the mill. There are five ore deposits on the property, of which two are being worked. The Cole mine near Gouverneur, formerly owned by the Adiron- dack Pyrite Co., has been taken over by the American Pyrites Co. The mine has shipped in the past a considerable quantity of lump ore. It is equipped with a mill. QUARTZ Westchester county has contributed a small output of quartz each year. The mineral is obtained from veins where it occurs nearly pure and also from pegmatite dikes in which it is mixed with feld- spar. The product is used in part for pottery, being shipped to manufacturers of these articles at Trenton, N. J.; it is also employed in making wood filler and silicate paint. The Bridgeport Wood Finishing Co. of New Milford, Ct., and P. H. Kinkel of Bed- ford, N. Y., were the only producers during the past year. - THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1900 53 SALT The salt production in the State has shown an increase of about 5 per cent for the past year. The total quantity of salt of all kinds mined or manufactured in I906 as reported by the different com- panies, was 9,013,993 barrels of 280 pounds, on which a value of $2,131,650 was placed. The corresponding returns for 1905 aggre- gated 8,575,649 barrels with a valuation of $2,303,067 and those for 1904 amounted to 8,724,768 barrels with a value of $2,102,748. The output in 1906 exceeded the total reported for any previous year; the next largest production being that given for 1904. The marketable grades of salt that are produced in New York include rock salt and the different varieties of brine salt known as coarse solar, common fine, table, dairy, agricultural and packers salt. In addition to the salt that is sold as such, a very large quantity is converted into soda products. The Solvay Process Co., at Solvay near Syracuse, manufactures such products directly from -brine that is supplied by their own wells, and the amotnt of salt thus used is included in the statistics above reported. The solar salt is made entirely in Onondaga county. Syracuse has long been the center of this branch of the industry which was first started in the vicinity in 1789. A natural brine with from 17 to 20 per cent sodium chlorid is employed. The brine is stored in glacial gravels and has evidently been formed by circulation of ground waters through adjacent beds of rock salt. Most of the wells are located on the Onondaga Reservation which is under State control. ‘The brine is supplied to the individual evaporating plants at a fixed charge. The manufacturers of brine salt at other localities in the State obtain their supplies from wells driven into the rock salt. Fresh water is introduced into the wells from the surface and pumped up after becoming nearly saturated. By this method a brine carrying about 25 per cent sodium chlorid may be secured, or within 1 per cent or so of the saturation point for water. The Tompkins county salt is thus obtained from depths exceeding 2000 feet. Altogether there were 32 companies engaged in the production of salt in the State during the past year, as compared with 31 com- panies in 1905 and 30 in 1904. Of the total number, Onondaga county was represented by 21. The International Salt Co. operated four plants as follows: Ithaca works, Ithaca; Cayuga works, Myers; Glen works, Watkins; and Yorkshire works, Warsaw. The Hawley and Warsaw works at Warsaw owned by the company were inactive. 54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The Rock Glen Salt Co. has taken over the plant at Rock Glen, Wyoming co., once worked by the Kerr Salt Co. The Sterling Salt Co. has opened a mine of rock salt at Cuyler- ville, Livingston co. The shaft was started in 1905 and was finished and equipped for hoisting in the latter part of 1906. It is bottomed at about 1100 feet in a bed of salt that averages 21 feet thick. It has a cross-section of 11 by 21 feet over all and is divided into two hoisting compartments and one ladderway. The equipment on the surface and underground is of the most approved type. The build- ings, including shaft house, power houses and storage bins, are con- structed of reinforced concrete. The output of the mine when under full headway will exceed 1000 tons a day. The first shipment was made in November. The Retsof Mining Co. was a producer of rock salt from its shaft . at Retsof, Livingston co., which for several years past has been the only active mine in the State. There are three salt shafts that are not now operated. | The accompanying tables show the production of salt distributed among the various grades as marketed. The output listed under “Other grades” is made up principally of rock salt and salt used for soda manufacture, but includes small quantities of other kinds not specified in the returns. The valuation placed upon this item, as will be noted, is much lower than that for the preceding grades. Onondaga county ranks first among the counties of the State in quantity of output, due principally to the operations of the Solvay Process Co. Its production of marketable salt, however, 1s com- paratively small. The relative rank of the counties according to their output of salt sold as such in 1906 was as follows, in the order of their importance: Livingston, Wyoming, Tompkins, Schuyler, Onondaga and Genesee. The report of the superintendent of the Onondaga Salt Springs Reservation for the fiscal year ending September 1, 1906, states that a total of 1,817,113 bushels of salt was inspected, as compared with 1,654,448 bushels inspected during the preceding year. The increase was due to the favorable weather conditions which govern the solar salt industry. Some new wells have been put down during the year by the Onondaga Pipe Line Co. to supply manufacturers outside of the reservation. All of the salt made here is marketed through the Onondaga Coarse Salt Association. i k 3 | THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 55 Production of salt by grades in 1905 VALUE GRADE BARRELS |- VALUE PER BARREL RCH AMINE NTIO ek eee we I 355 843 $486 371 $ .36 MmeaAO MN COATSE. 5 2. occ se wales 238 149 93 507 a30 JSS BiG CE rn 1 ROO) BQO) «| 684 239 58 STIRS SC] Sree 453 200 | 173 729 38 SSCS. Cee eee 37 792 14 477 38 MME TOGAOCS 6 oe eee ee ets Be a2t 420 | 850 684 16 LO the SOE eee 8 575 649 | $2 303 067 $227 a Includes some coarse solar salt, though the amount is not important. Production of salt by grades in 1906 . VALUE GRADE BARRELS VALUE PER BARREL o) Conacnas Gray iio epee I 164 064 $413 462 $ .35 cInIMOMyCOATSE se... bss a se 182 636 62 758 34 puteraugidairy. 2... 6s ie ee ts ie PATeae (6)2% 6) 603 034 .50 DELS E SENOS aie aaa nee 510 800 IQI 551 38 RC ROS: Cag Oe ee 39 286 tg roo .36 ipmemSEAGeS hao ehin 0h. see etl 5 905 271 846 745 | sie TNC REZTS) el ec Sac 9 013 993 | $2 131 650 $ .23 aIncludes some coarse solar salt, though the amount is not impoztant. SAND-LIME BRICK The manufacture of sand-lime brick is an industry that has been only recently introduced in New York State. The first plants were erected about three years ago. Reports have been received from séven companies that were in active operation during the whole or part of the year 1906, showing an output of 17,080,000 brick valued at $122,340. Two companies listed among the manufacturers failed to make any return as to their production, while one company was engaged in erecting a plant. The following companies com- prise all, so far as known, that had plants completed or in course of erection at the close of 1906. 56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM NAME LOCATION Granite Brick Co. Glens Falls Lancaster Sand-Lime Brick Co. Lancaster Newburgh Sand-Lime Brick Co. Newburgh Paragon Plaster Co. Syracuse Rochester Composite Brick Co. Rochester Roseton Sand-Lime Brick Co. Roseton F. W. Rourke & Co. Brooklyn sand Stone Brick Co. Schenectady Schenectady Brick Co. Schenectady Watertown Sand Brick Co. Watertown Se Quarries of roofing slate are worked in Washington county near the Vermont state line. The productive district includes a narrow belt running nearly due north from Salem through the towns of Hebron, Granville, Hampton and Whitehall. Efforts have been made to work slate in other parts of the State, particularly in the Hudson river metamorphic region, but for reasons no longer ap- parent they have not led to the establishment of a permanent indus- try. Hoosick, Rensselaer co.,. New Lebanon, Columbia co., and New Hamburg, Dutchess co., are among the places that have fur- nished slate in the past. At the locality last named, beds were found which yielded large blocks resembling the Welsh slate in color and quality and adapted for structural material, billiard tables, blackboards and other purposes. They were operated as late as 1898. The slate from Washington county exhibits a variety of colors. Red is the most valuable and is the characteristic product of the region. Owing to its rarity elsewhere, it has a wide sale and is in constant demand for export. ‘This variety is found near Gran- ville and in the Hatch Hill and North Granville districts between North Granville and Whitehall. Its occurrence is confined to areas of Lower Siluric age. Purple, variegated and different shades of green slate are produced from Cambric areas, principally around Middle Granville, Salem and Shushan. The unfading green which likewise commands a good price for roofing purposes, is quarried to some extent in Washington county, but the greater quantity comes from across the border in Vermont. Up to the present time the production of slate for other than roof- ing purposes, such as mantels, billiard tables, floor tiling, black- boards, etc., has not been developed to any extent in this section. It is an important branch of the slate trade of Pennsylvania and Ver- mont, and there is no doubt that increased attention to this branch would greatly assist the advancement of the industry. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1900 57 The output of slate in New York State last year amounted in value to $61,921, consisting of roofing slate $57,771 and mill stock $4150. The number of squares of roofing slate made was 16,248. In 1905 the output was valued at $95,009 and comprised 16,460 squares of roofing slate valued at $94,009 and $1000 mill stock. The average value of roofing slate for the year was $3.56 a square, against $5.71 a square in 1905. The smaller value last year was due to the rela- tively light production of red slate, as compared with the cheaper grades. SONNE The quarry products of New York State rank next in importance to clay manufactures. All of the principal varieties of building and Ornamental stones are quarried and most of them on an extensive scale. The production, however, falls short of meeting the require- ments for many kinds of stone. Large quantities of granite, marble and limestone are brought in from adjoining states or are imported from foreign countries. With the enormous undeveloped resources, there is abundant opportunity for development of the quarry indus- tries to a scale more nearly commensurate with the market demands. The statistics and notes incorporated in the following pages relate to the different quarry industries of the State, except those of slate, marl and millstones. Information regarding the slate and millstone industries will be found under their own titles, elsewhere in this report. Production of stone The value of the quarry materials produced in 1906 amounted in the aggregate to $6,504,165. The total for the preceding year was $6,107,147, showing a gain of $397,018. The value of the lime- stone quarried was $2,963,829, against $2,411,456 in 1905. The sandstone was valued at $1,976,820, the greater part contributed by the companies engaged in the bluestone trade. In 1905 the sand- stone amounted to a value of $2,043,960. The output of trap-from the Hudson river Palisades, and Richmond and Saratoga counties was valued at $847,403, against $623,219 in the preceding year. Marble accounted for a value of $460,915, considerably less than the total reported for 1905 which was $774,557. There was little change in the granite industry, the value of the output amounting to $255,189 against $253,955 in 1905. Classified as to uses, crushed stone was the largest item in the total, with an aggregate value of $2,435,493, an increase of more than $500,000 over the amount returned for 1905. The use of 58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM crushed stone in road improvement and for making concrete has been the chief factor in the development of this branch of the in- dustry which has about doubled in importance within the last two years, The quantity of crushed stone made last year was approxi- mately 3,132,460 cubic yards, as compared with 2,762,774 cubic yards in 1905. The quantity reported as used for road metal was 905,750 cubic yards, against 1,080,034 cubic yards for the previous year. This total does not represent the full amount thus used, as many of the producers are unable to classify their product. The value of the building stone, rough and dressed, amounted to $1,408,- 583 in 1906, against $1,488,009 in 1905. Curb and flagstone agegre- Production of stone in 1904 CURBING BUILDING MONU- Ati CRUSHED ALL TOTAL VARIETY STONE MENTAL Ter acu e STONE OTHER VALUE Graniteies cyte $89 300 $11 262 a $83 205 $38 o25| $221 882 Limestone........ BES OG |e o.d660-0 0.00 $6 253 994 475 809 030] 2 104 095 Marblewson seen 278 994 154 673 a a 45 104 478 771 Sandstonenee sock OEIG) (YN SS on o600.00 902 027 27 583 329 480| r 896 697 FETA Di cio eaice ncaa EN elites aotetay aueeuoll ahs a aoe 452 621 I5 875 468 496 otal. ee tae $1 254 548] $165 935| $908 280\$1 557 974/$1 237 504|$5 169 941 een nee eee eee ee eee a Included under ‘‘All other.”’ Production of stone in 1905 (Seen ——————eens BUILDING MONU- Boars CRUSHED ALL TOTAL VARIETY STONE MENTAL | or AGGING STONE OTHER VALUE Graniteciy. jc... $139 414 $10 431 a $69 748 $34 362| $253 955 Limestone........ WN) BOSN|66665000000 $7 297| I 193 800 964 059] 2 411 456 Manbletiscnctss tes 571 810 177 557 a a 25 190|| 774 557 Sandstone........ SZOwA GSS lie weve eins I 029 913 347 406 446 156| 2 043 960 Trap tise areca Be fil Sse reteceh ceranel tiveks oueneuetenale 601 669 2I 550 623 219 Totaly vc. eee $1 488 009} $187 988\$1 037 210/$1 902 623\$1 491 317|$6 107 147 a Included under ‘‘All other.’’ Production of stone in 1906 eee SE a as BUILDING MONU- eS CRUSHED ALL TOTAL VARIETY STONE MEN DAL eer STONE OTHER VALUE Granitetac> eee $231 190 $4 I19 a $13 980 $5 900] $255 189 Limestone........ 220 7A 7O rae ee ere $8 067] I 590 205] I 136 078) 2 963 829 Marbles. oe 337 365 99 I00 a bank 24 450 460 915 Sandstone...°..... 610 549 a 991 611 5I 205 323 464) r 976 829 TLaADia svc eee OS eerie sceerale etl teeersiomeece nase 780 103 67 300 847 403 Totals. 2ue te $1 408 583) $103 219| $0099 678/$2 435 493|$1 557 192|$6 504 165 SS SSS Eee a Included under ‘“‘All other.’”’ 06 Included under Limestone. 1 . ; : 4 = THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 59 gated the sum of $999,678, as compared with $1,037,210, represented almost entirely by bluestone. The monumental stone, principally marble, was valued at $103,219, against $187,988. The value of the stone quarried for purposes other than those given, including lime, furnace flux, paving blocks, riprap, rubble, etc., was $1,557,192 as compared with $1,491,317 in 1905. Granite Under the head of granite are included the coarse crystalline rocks in which silicates are the predominant minerals. Besides granite in the true sense the group comprises such rocks as syenite, diorite, anorthosite and various kinds of gneisses, all of which are found in New York State and are commercially utilized for building or other purposes. The variety known as trap is, however, treated by itself. The aggregate value of the products of the granite quarries in 1906 amounted to $255,189. Building stone was much the largest item in the total, with a valuation of $231,190. Among the other uses to which the product was put and the values of each were: monumental stone, $4119; crushed stone, $13,980; rubble and riprap $2423; paving blocks, curbing and miscellaneous, $3477. The quantity of crushed stone reported was 16,800 cubic yards. West- chester county alone made an output valued at $172,845, consisting principally of building stone. The remainder of the production was distributed among the following counties: Clinton, Fulton, Herki- mer, Jefferson, Orange, Putnam and Warren. There were I9 quar- ries in all that were operated. In 1905 the value of the product was $253,955 of which Westchester county contributed $142,815. Among the new developments during the past year was the open- ing of large quarries at Little Falls to supply crushed stone. The material used is syenite, similar to the Adirondack syenite occur- rences of which the Little Falls mass is an outlier. The crushing plant erected by the Power & Mining Machinery Co. on the north side of the Mohawk river is the largest in the State, the capacity being 4000 cubic yards a day. The output will be used for road metal, railroad ballast and concrete. It is planned to erect a plant for making concrete brick from the screenings. The West Shore Stone Co. has opened quarries and erected a crushing plant on the south side of the river at Little Falls. A quarry of monumental stone has been started near Ausable Forks, Clinton co. The material is a green syenite of attractive appearance. 60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Production of granite MATERIAL 1904 1905 1906 Burldine stone Ji55 ner ice cee $89 300 | $139 414 $231 190 Monumental. Sora ae ee ae ere II 262 LOA ahr 4 119 Crushedsstone =, We. are eee eee I 82 2a5 69 748 13 980 Rubble rip raps cteenec cence eed ame can ree 30 760 20, M25 24223 Other Tends one eee ee ei aa al BOIS Th Bie Bare TOtal ja iciecd-syecte co eee Clee ee eae $221 882 | $253 955 | $255 189 Limestone The limestone quarries are first in importance among the stone- working industries of the State. Compared with sandstone, which ranks second in value of output, limestone is not so extensively used as a building material, but it finds more extensive employment for road metal and concrete. Its wide occurrence, in connection with natural fitness for the purpose, has favored the development of a large crushed stone business that covers nearly every section of the State. The manufacture of lime also calls for a large part of the product. The noncrystalline limestones, which alone are considered under this head, comprise a variety of rocks as regards their geological occurrence and physical and chemical characters. They are distrib- uted among the Cambric, Lower Siluric, Siluric and Devonic sys- tems. In chemical composition they include every gradation from practically pure lime carbonate to magnesian limestones and dolo- mites and to silicious, aluminous or ferruginous types in which the Production of limestone MATERIAL 1904 1905 1906 Crushedistome= amie ot ener $994 475 | $1 193 800 $1 590 205 Lime madera etn ere O73 225 702 684 795 348 Buildine isto meme esse ears ae 248 647 246 300 229 479 Furnace: fuscia ae ener I2I 109 198 168 287 816 Rubble, ripraps 4-2 eee 22230 40 664 22 975 Blas cine cut bina aa eee 6 253 7 207 8 067 Miscellaneous ase eee ee 33 156 22 SAB IQ 939 Total. S:.2. 352 eee $2 104 ©O5 |ho2 411 450 $2 963 829 eee r ‘ . q j SS lr ee oe THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 61 carbonates play a subordinate rdéle. Light colored and white lime- stones are not typical of the State, the prevailing colors being grayish or drab, and for this reason considerable quantities are brought in from other states, principally Ohio and Indiana. The total output of limestone last year amounted in value to $2,963,829. This is exclusive of the products used in the Portland and natural cement industries, for which no statistics have been col- lected. Compared with the previous year, there was a gain of $552,- 373 in the valuation, or about 23 per cent. The product was dis- tributed among 33 counties of the State, with a total of over 160 quarries. Crushed stone for road metal, concrete, etc., represents the largest item in the output. The value of this material was $1,590,205, against $1,193,800 for 1905. The manufacture of lime is second in importance with a product valued at $795,348 and $702,684 for the respective years. The building stone quarried amounted to a value of $229,479 against $246,300 in 1905; furnace flux to $287,816 against $198,168 ; rubble and riprap to $32,975 against $40,664; flag- ging and curbing to $8067, against $7297; and miscellaneous mate- rials, not classified in the returns, to $19,939 against $22,543 in the preceding year. Distributed according to the counties in which the limestone was quarried, the largest producer last year was Erie county which reported an output valued at $525,381, consisting principally of building stone, crushed stone and furnace flux. This county also ranked first on the list in 1905 with a valuation of $383,411. Onon- daga county which returned a total value of $391,457 was second, the same position as in the preceding year when its output amounted to $310,322. It is the largest manufacturer of lime. The remaining counties which reported a value of over $100,000 each with their respective totals are here given, the figures in brackets being the corresponding totals for 1905: Dutchess, $368,927 [$234,578]; Rockland, .$242,184 [$220,596]; Genesee, $227,062 [$227,087]; Warren, $205,832 [$192,136]; Westchester, $143,168 [$74,948]; and Albany, $106,800 [$101,425]. Lime. There were 38 firms that reported an output, last year, of limestone (including marble) for lime burning, either as a main product or in connection with the quarrying of other materials. The greater portion of the limestone was converted by the companies operating the quarries. In all 18 counties participated in the pro- duction. The quantity of lime made was 313,369 short tons, valued at $795,348. Onondaga county reported a product of 208,- 62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 250 tons, or about 66 per cent. In the previous year the output amounted to 323,905 short tons, valued at $702,684, of which Onon- daga county contributed 193,506 tons. The importance of the industry in this county is to be ascribed to the operations of the Solvay Process Co. which uses the lime as a reagent in the manu- facture of soda products. The production in the other leading counties for 1906 and 1905 respectively was as follows: Warren, 39,076 [38,025] tons; Clinton, 16,400 [16,000]; Washington, 12,000 [12,000]; and Lewis, 9500 [8557]. | It will be noted that the value of the production as given above is considerably less than the ruling commercial price; this is due to the fact that a nominal valuation has been placed upon the portion used as a chemical reagent. Disregarding the quantities thus con- sumed, the value of the lime averaged $4.58 per short ton in 1906 and $3.58 in 1905. Crushed stone. Limestone is more widely employed in New York State for crushing than any other kind of stone. The total production in 1906 amounted to 2,194,547 cubic yards valued at $1,590,205, as compared with 1,851,008 cubic yards valued at $1,193,800. in the preceding year. Of the quantities given, 486,750 cubic yards in 1906 and 573,924 cubic yards in 1905 were returned as having been used for road metal, though the actual amount thus used probably exceeded these totals since some plants do not keep any records as to the disposal of their product. The leading counties in the production of crushed stone with their outputs are as follows, the figures for 1905 being bracketed: Dutchess, 400,477 [335,112] cubic yards; ‘Rocklandj= 3723257 [335,714]; Genesee, 323,128 [288,000]; Erie, 280;110" i24e%o2an Albany, 150,000 [131,000]; Westchester, 105,441 [43,926]; and Onondaga, 92,950 [84,811]. Building stone. The production of limestone for building pur- poses has remained comparatively steady during recent years. The value of the material quarried in 1906 was $229,470, against $246,- 300 in 1905. Erie county maintains the largest quarries of building stone, its output amounting to a value of $118,806 as compared with $103,763 in the preceding year. The remaining counties are small producers. The output each year is supplemented by large quanti- ties of limestone that are brought in from other states. Furnace flux. The metallurgical industries of the State con- sume limestone as a flux in smelting operations. The largest users are the iron blast furnaces located in Buffalo and vicinity. The —— oe ee wee be ——— es + THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 63 supply for this district is obtained from the outcrop of the Onon- daga limestone in western New York and the adjacent part of the province of Ontario. The principal New York quarries are located at Clarence and Gunnville, Erie co., and at North Leroy, Genesee co. Flux is also obtained at West Chazy, Clinton co., and near Port Henry, Essex co., for use in the Adirondack iron furnaces, and at Oriskany Falls, Oneida co., for the iron furnace at Franklin Springs. The total production of limestone flux in 1906 amounted to 400,002 long tons valued at $229,479. In the preceding year the amount was 393,067 long tons, valued at $198,168. Production of limestone by counties in 1905 CRUSHED LIME |FURNACE BUILDING] OTHER Sor eae STONE MADE FLUX | STONE | USES peter 2c $90 800} $9 Goo|........ $525 $500) $ror 425 Payulacs. s. 2% SE DOF cies. ake $240 9 650] II 500 34 617 Pinren. -...\. . % 4 600} 58 coo 5 200 On EOS oe 76 905 Datehess<.... . PRS TO eaete tev eneheus | koto ects, [Poreis cre sccce lion Sede we 234 578 eae ec. SL. £53730 497| 96 626) 103 763] 28 789 383 411 Bitton... 6... ND Meee, SOO tee ote afore | Cadena se live Siete! « 16 348 SESS: Sages £297-O00| 13. 260} Sr 516 2 OTTO 227 087 Preriemer.. 2°. . or me QUA st sre sat 20]. 1) 020 Te. BGI MetersOnle..\< . OG GlER AG OOO) ele) sie. 6 < 6 154| 4 650 BoP GS JS. ea ae PEABO ye WS. FOOl aise os Ss 658 234 30 630 Madison... OT OO) yet oc aris | eo sxe tates 5 259 622 43 990 Monroe... =. ... POA nc isis a chee |e PHA a 8 036 351 45 791 Montgomery GoM SG scree oe II5 WO LON esac: 67 716 Dasara... -'- IO 949 Mee GOO een BORG has eters 18 504 rena 5... pie DANA es cere ter so Ios cas os. ERO Ns asta te 18 743 Onondaga.... 39 832] 234 308 5 550| 17 984] 12 648 310 322 Rockland... .. DNS ASG) CE AE seth Ss Set ed ae earn tic Pe ee 220 596 St Lawrence... 940 OnGSOle ees 222 AO es) TOs 16 024 Saratoga...... ep ISS) Se er ten le Gcbege 3 065 205 FES77O Schoharie..... Be AG |e tater: 50| 49 227 272 66 795 meHee AS so 2s... 20 330 360 37 3 918 368 7 013 MWietercas.. -.. . Gr4OA SFE GEGIS 5 erciote IO 540 577 192 136 Washington... BO pg EO). Ga OOO! c) sana. we Sh Ee7Glis toceroe 9° 487 Westchester... 30 748] 43 goo OOM eee es een ae a 74 948 Other coun- PACS a es ST 495). 17-038] 18 534 I 980] 2 483 5I 490 7) $1 193 800/$702 684 $198 168|/$246 300/$70 So4/$2 411 456 aIncludes Columbia, Essex, Greene, Ontario, Orange, Orleans, Rensselaer, Schenectady, Ulster, Wayne and Yates. 64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Production of limestone by counties in 1906 = ——S—— rcs CRUSHED LIME |FURNACE|BUILDING| OTHER pee STONE MADE FLUX STONE | USES gre Pulbanye ee eee $OON2ZOO bo (OOO. 5 ere $500 $500} $106 800 Cayugas. fics 22EROO Ste seseoa ss $300] 11 COO] 3 COO 37 3208 Chaton.: yee S350)" OL 500 925 900 7, 175 eee 96 925 Dutehess nye BOS O27 a, have Gee will otity oe teeee | a vee a eel |e | “368. O27, ries cee as 222 384 275| 172 550) 128 Soo) 12206 525 381 JNBUTROLA as a5 6 963 GQ (2O0| 6 esc. Mi acceail 0 oe ade a ee 16 fog Genesceu arn: UA BVA itv, COO|l (OG) (DSO L O7.Ol se eae 22:7 O62 Greene yeeeeae DORs Be eee 186|- 24 500] 15 500 4I 71 Plerkimenr.: sia: 4 000 OW ZOO bya segs SiO lne see {i Jic Jefferson...... eiopsll AG PSS) Gea Sey id < 6 053 499 5a Oa Be Wish Gane OR VG, OOO |sleis a a ear 8241) noes 49 484 Madison...... DIO SATS Aeron A cae (nee eye re 90] Gmagze 21 eS Oa MontOeh ee G2 iO ISI see aaah Mee ee Sweet ee 7 564 547 60 406 Montgomery. . LPR JH Nae Mine ty a icetlc re A IT6|) pEsezey 60 648 Niagara, sete 2 400 AON Semen 2 42)5| 1. ano 16> 50m Oneida aaa BA ON a bere 6 te 12 600]. 15 COG hee 59 600 Onondaga..... 63 986] 313 500 BE A20 8 970) Easas 3901 457 Rockland>. 5.2 BAD LOAN. 6.0 5, Ga veleok lev see, atone Varta son eel er 242 184 SHE WLAN AREIICE, ooo aco ooo 9 040 BQ Biei 800 QII 14 062 Saratoga...... 72 SOOO sss Mee otic 5 Cie cre 3 (OOO 5) eee 16 000 schoharie..... 2I 073 BOO ein mon eee LO) O2)5|) Ga vimeras Ao. Oe SIEMNEGOZ og clo e B SOx 800 TOO 2 025 TOO 6 326 Niarnenens ce gy BAG) GEC GOSS ato aac 66 L270 450 205 832 Washington... ZBOAOOO)|, WAS ROOOln 4 a4 use eee 400 84 400 Westchester... 105 441} 36 766 Vile 2\50\| Se eee 143 168 aOther co’nties 50 200 6 o12 9 088 I 200) "eee 66 600 Total...../$1 590 205|$795 348)/$287 S10|$229 479|$60 981/$2 963 829 a Includes Columbia, Essex, Ontario, Orange, Rensselaer, Schenectady, Ulster, Wayne and Yates counties. Marble ‘The granular crystalline limestones and dolomites which are classed as marble occur in the Adirondack region and in the south- eastern part of the State. They are mainly associated with metamor- phosed Precambric strata. A few varieties of compact limestones, such as the Trenton limestone at Glens Falls and the Chazy lime- stone of Clinton county, possess ornamental qualities that fit them for special uses and are included under this head. The quarrying of monumental marble is practically limited to - the region about Gouverneur, St Lawrence co. The industry has been established here for many years, and the product has a wide sale. The marble varies from nearly white to dark bluish gray, the - dark varieties being the more valuable. As only the best selected stone can be used for monumental work, the poorer grades are dressed into blocks for building and construction purposes. « i adi ake = In southeastern New York the quarries are worked mainly for building stone which is supplied to New York city and other mar- kets in the east. White and gray marbles are the characteristic pro- ducts. Greenport, Columbia co., South Dover, Dutchess co., and Ossining, Dobbs Ferry, White Plains, Oscawana, Pleasantville and Tuckahoe, Westchester co., are some of the quarry localities. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 65 Production of marble VARIETY | 1904 1905 1906 | i fn 2 eye 6) ee $278 994 | $571 810 $337 305 2 SIE IE STIG ee ee ae 154 073 E77 557 99 100 LEG US CS Ree ee 45 104 25 190 24 450 nS USis.6 os MB hee ee $478 771 | $774 557 | $460 915 | The production of marble reported by 13 producers amounted in 1906 to a value of $460,915, divided as follows: building marble, rough and dressed, $337,365; monumental marble, rough and dressed, $99,100; other kinds, $24,450. There was a large falling off in the production as compared with the preceding year when the output was valued at $774,557. This was due principally to the smaller demand for building stone in New York city. The value of the marble quarried in southeastern New York aggregated $260,- 350 against $464,247 in 1905. St Lawrence county reported an out- put valued at $136,835 against $265,722. The quarries at South Dover formerly worked by the Dover Chemical & Quarry Co. have been taken over by the Exploitation Co. of America, with a view to reopening them to supply building stone. Development work was prosecuted during the past year and it is intended to begin shipments during the current season. Drill cores show that there is a large quantity of stone available, similar to the marble quarried by the South Dover Marble Co. which finds much favor as a building material. An analysis of the marble, made by E. F. Briggs, has been furnished by the present company and is here given. TERE GE IG) ie te Pe ale eee ces eee asa Melereate sia (OVC) Vico a 2a) ois ere tle ws 19.41 Carponvdiexidu(COs) <5 we.) lees. 45.83 MESON OME ye reece a es wigs wk we ee 3.40 100.00 aa 66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Sandstone Under the head of sandstone are included the sedimentary rocks which consist of quartz grains bound together by some cementing substance. Among the principal varieties distinguished by textural characters are sandstones proper, conglomerates, grits and quartzites. The wide distribution of sandstones in the geologic series of New York State has given them great importance as economical sources of structural materials and in point of annual output they rank second only to limestone. Nearly all of the main formations above the Archean contain these rocks at one or more horizons. The sand- stones that are chiefly quarried in New York are the Potsdam, Hudson River, Medina, and the Devonic sandstones. A few quar- ries have been opened in the Shawangunk conglomerate and the Clinton sandstone. Bluestone is a popular term for the fine grained, evenly bedded sandstones found in the Devonic which have a special application for flagging and curbing and to a lesser extent for build- ing stone. Production of sandstone The total value of the sandstone quarried in New York last year was $1,976,829 as compared with $2,043,960, the value of the output in 1905. The output was distributed among 35 counties with an aggregate of over 400 producers. Classified as to uses the total was distributed as follows: building stone, rough, $343,077; build- ing stone, dressed, $267,472; curbing, $553,085 ; flagging, $438,526; paving blocks, $282,063; crushed for roads, $14,677; crushed for other uses, $36,528; rubble, etc., $11,661; all other purposes, $29,740. The following tables show the value of the production of sand- stone in 1905 and 1906, distributed among the leading districts of the State. THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 67 Production of sandstone in 1905 BUILD- CURBING DISTRICT ING AND STONE FLAGGING PAVING | CRUSHED| RUBBLE, ALL BLOCKS STONE RIPRAP OTHER Bluestone eee...) 959 $13) $314 791|. $6 TOs)... ce eles wee $2 000 Delaware river .| 64 084 441 634 BES OOle tas, ce. < a! PAV AGG = «scion. Chenango co...| 70 066 76 983} HSS i semiees 2 168 5 473 Wyoming co...| 171 620 BGO ew ars mal) yeas sis 930 33433 Other districts..| 36 210] 59 641 587| $r 102 B74 1 232 Total bluestone./$401 793) $896 049) $10 240) $1 102) $7 872) $52 188 Sandstone | Orleans county.| $71 670| $119 390\$270 964| $1 282| $3 500) $s1 290 Oepeedistaiets__| 57 013 | PAA ie 2 OOS a2 Noo?) TOMA Gian 4b oa Total sandstone. $128 692) $133 864$300 529 $36 304] $19 845 $55 482 Combined total. $530 485 $1 o29 913 $310 769) $37 406 $27 717, $107 670 | | | | Production of sandstone in 1906 (SSS ——— 3 | | | | - | RBIN ee eee oe © | PAVING |CRUSHED RUBBLE,| ALL hea TONE | | STONE | FLAGGING OCKS | STONE | RIPRAP | OTHER Bluestone | | Pease | Eipeeem diver -.| S70 816) $220°061|.$14 228)... 0...) 02... st ee roe Delaware fiver..| 110 008 572 470 £3250 700 EROS ets ak sete. Ciepango co...) 85 576| AR LOSS Nie cps sees Ceres War AOR O |e ee Ls Wome co...) 234 280)... 02.5... Leesa ar a2 | “550 843| 140 Oiier districis..| 12 6538 Tee Gh UN ae ZA 750) alge ise | 325 Total bluestone.'$513 338) $839 663) $15 578! $4 020, $4 7o9 $465 Sandstone | | | rleans county.| $50 845) $147 438$260 878| $225 $552| $25 900 Other districts..| 46 366) 4 510/ - 5 607| 46 960 OL4COl = Ae 27s Total sandstone. $97 211| $151 948/$266 485| $47 185| $6 952| $29 275 Combined total. $610 549| $091 611 $282 063} $51 205| $11 661) $29: 740 | | | | | | —= The value of bluestone quarried for all purposes in 1906 was $1,377,773 Or approximately 70 per cent of the total sandstone; the value of the other sandstone quarried was $599,056 or 30 per cent of the total. The returns show that there was a falling off in 68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the amount of sandstone quarried, due to a decrease of all grades produced except curbing and crushed stone. The amount of blue- stone produced shows an increase. There was a falling off in the production of the Hudson river district but a gain is shown in the other bluestone districts. The production of bluestone by districts was as follows: Hudson river, $306,005 ; Delaware river, $685,716; Wyoming county, $235,- 813; Chenango county, $130,239; other districts, $20,000. Of the sandstone quarried, Orleans county reported a production valued at $484,938 and other counties an output valued at $114,118. A more detailed classification of the product that would cover each county separately has been found impracticable, since many of the large companies which operate quarries at several localities are unable to divide their output according to the different sources. The rela- tive rank of the principal counties of the State was, however, as follows in the order of their importance: Orleans, Delaware, Ulster, Wyoming, Sullivan, Chenango, Broome and St Lawrence. The foregoing table shows that of the bluestone quarried along the Hudson river in Albany, Greene and Ulster counties, about 72 per cent was sold as flagstone and curbstone and about 23 per cent as building stone. In the Delaware river districts, including Sullivan, Delaware and Broome counties, the value of the flagstone and curb- stone sold amounted to 83 per cent and the building stone to 16 per cent of the total. In Chenango county about two thirds of the entire product was marketed as building stone and the remaining one third as curbing and flagging. In Wyoming county, on the other hand, almost the entire product was marketed as building stone, the value of the other grades being less than 1 per cent of the total sales. The output of Medina sandstone in Orleans county was used chiefly for the following purposes: building stone, Io per cent; curbing, 30 per cent; paving blocks, 54 per cent; other purposes, Gs pemcem= Trap The term trap is commonly applied to the dark fine grained rocks that occur in the form of dikes. In New York State the trap is usually a diabase, a rock composed essentially of plagioclase feld- spar and pyroxene, with a massive compact texture. It is very common in the Adirondacks, specially along the Champlain valley in Clinton, Essex and Washington counties. There are numerous occurrences, also, in the region of crystalline rocks in southeastern New York, the largest being the intrusion which borders the west shore of the Hudson river southward from Haverstraw and is known - THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 69 as. the Palisades. The southern end of this intrusion is found in Staten Island, where it extends southwest from Port Richmond. The principal use of trap is for crushed stone for roadmaking and concrete. It possesses qualities of strength and durability which place it first among the varieties of stone used for these purposes. The sombre color and the difficulty of dressing trap limits its em- ployment in building work. It is used to some extent for paving blocks. Rockland county produces most of the trap at the present time. The principal quarries are those at Rockland Lake operated by the Clinton Point Stone Co., and the Rockland Lake Trap Rock Co., those at Mt Joy worked by H. M. Gurnee, the Haverstraw quarries worked by the Haverstraw Trap Rock Co. and the Long Clove Trap Rock Co., and the quarries at Nyack operated by the Manhattan Trap Rock Co. The output of the county in 1906 amounted in value to $780,703. In Richmond county the Quinroy Construction Co. operates quar- ries at Port Richmond. The Saratoga Trap Rock Co. has opened a quarry in the town of Greenfield, 2 miles north of Saratoga Springs, where a dike about 200 feet wide is exposed. This is one of the largest of the Adiron- dack dikes. At Northumberland in the eastern part of Saratoga county, the Champlain Stone & Sand Co. has begun operations on a partially setpentinized diabase. The production of trap in New York last year was valued at $847,403, as compared with a value of $623,219 reported for 1905, and $468,496, the value of the output in 1904. Crushed stone was the principal item in the totals, aggregating 851,293 cubic yards valued at $780,103 in 1906, against 774,111 cubic yards valued at $601,669 and 610,285 cubic yards valued at $452,621 in the two preceding years respectively. The greater part of the crushed stone was sold for road material, though the quantities thus used can not be accurately stated. : Production of trap SSS Ee | 1905 I906 MATERIAL SS Stee eee Cubic ubic yards Value yards Value ached stone... ...:...... | 7974 111 | $601 669 851 293 $780 103 Ravine blocks etc...) .2:... ee ee Deter tO pel boat ce cee cs 67 300 LNG here re Speman POE Ohi el era cmr tt awe $847 403 70 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM JAMES The St Lawrence county mines reported an output in 1906 of 64,200 short tons valued at $541,600. The yield was somewhat less than in the preceding year, when the total was 67,000 short tons, but the value showed a notable increase due to the higher range of prices. The average selling price for the year on the basis of car- load lots was $8.43 a ton, as compared with $7.75 a ton in 1905. The following table gives the annual production and value by years for the period 1896-1906, the figures previous to 1904 being taken from the volumes of the Mineral Resources. Production of talc in New York SHORT VALUE YEAR nae VALUE ae TBO Oone Genes eda aien era aah ac) eRe Oe 46 089 | $399 443 $8 67 LSOFoc. ale fees hs wee eters are ren ann enae 57 009 396 936 6 96 TOO Siaseat cs SIGS ee eet te i eae Ged aM Re Mare ete 54 356 4II 430 WES) TOO Oude eeirgie eras vod ee aes MODS Daal a a eee mun een ar te oe 54 655 438 150 8 02 NO \O}O Resta RP eM uRe REN eh CEM etn eo nah) ey sidan dni cee 63 500 499 500 7 87 TOO vic 79, va tihe! io fe vaPosle uabec =. Secs cemameas Oe eae 62 200 483 600 6 99 TO) O2i yeast aie sandals denen cnet bey aero Men meneame 7I 100 615 350 8 65 TOO Bhens sovagie testa s veseee opt onidag ce ener een mecanrasewe te 60 230 421 600 Tirta TOOAe seem hin geese ot Sanrin CIR Siem, wa eee eae 65 000 455 000 Ye POO Gieceel oases ie 2.0) steam oie ete ease ee tere mete ene 67 000 519 250 ie TOOW Gs deere Cott Foie. € Beaters Suction ear me Sere 64 200 541 600 8 43 A further consolidation of the mining and milling interests in the talc district was effected during the year by the International Pulp Co., the largest of the producers. Since its organization in 1893 the company has exercised a controlling influence over the industry, though it has not been without active competition from rival concerns: At the time 1t was formed the propericquonsase St Lawrence Pulp Co., the. Natural Dam, Pulp @o. thew ten Fibre Co. and Adirondack Pulp Co. were acquired and in the fol- lowing year those of the Asbestos Pulp Co. were also secured. The company thus came into possession of all of the then active interests except the United States Talc Co., which was taken over in August 1906. The latter owned a mine west of Talcville and a mill near Dodgeville. The mill has been recently enlarged by the addition of two cylinders and will restore partially the impairment of pro- ductive facilities with which the International Co. met during the past year in loss by fire of its Hailesboro mill. This mill was the Se ah, | THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 71 largest and perhaps the best equipped of any in the district. It had a capacity of 75 tons a day. The company also owns three other mills situated at Talcville near its mines. The Union Tale Co. and the Ontario Talc Co. have been the only producers in recent years aside from those mentioned. It has been reported that both companies have also come under the control of the International Pulp Co. through recent purchase of the capital stock. The Ontario Talc Co. owns three mines and a mill near Fullerville in the central part.of the district. The Union Talc Co. has been the largest independent operator since 1900. It was organ- ized as a consolidation of the Columbian Talc Co., American Pulp Co. and Keller Bros., and came into possession of three mines and an equal number of mills. The American mill near Fowler was burned down in December 1905. A new company was incorporated late in the year for the purpose of mining and manufacture of talc in the St Lawrence county dis- trict. According to present plans, the company proposes to work the Freeman mine which has been under lease to the Interna- tional Pulp Co. A water power on the Oswegatchie river near Dodgeville has been secured, and it is planned to erect a mill of 75 tons daily capacity. . ZINE AND 1D The deposits of zinc ore near Edwards, St Lawrence co., have not been worked during the past year. The inactivity has been due to causes which in no way reflect upon the value of the property, and there is a prospect that they will soon be removed and operations resumed once more. The developments thus far have been of the most promising character. It seems probable that tke occurrence is closely related to the pyrite deposits which are found in the schists at Hermon, Gouv- erneur and other localities in St Lawrence county and which at times carry a small quantity of zinc blende. ~The schists are metamor- phosed Precambric sediments and are generally associated with crystalline limestone of the same character as the wall rock at the zinc mines. The analogy between the two types of deposits is fur- ther emphasized by the presence of pyrite in considerable quantity in the zinc ore. The deposits of zinc blende occur as replacements of the limestone along or near the contact with a laminated gneiss. They are at times disseminated through the limestone resulting in a lean ore of mixed blende and gangue gradually shading off into the country rock, and again are concentrated in zones which are sharply bounded 72 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM and have the appearance of veins. The limestone contains serpen- tine nodules that have been derived by alteration from a nonhydrous silicate probably pyroxene. The mineralization is no doubt due to underground circulations. ‘These have found passage along the contact between the gneiss and limestone and to a lesser extent along fissures within the limestone. It may be noted that the exten- sive talc deposits of this section occur on the same limestone belt and in the immediate vicinity of the zinc ore bodies. As has been demonstrated by Prof. C. H. Smyth jr, the talc owes its origin to the influence of subterranean waters acting upon masses of tremo- lite and pyroxene in the limestone. The evidence is insufficient to justify at present anything as to the precise manner in which the zinc blende has been deposited. E Some work was done during the year on a deposit of galena situ- ated near Pierces Comers, St Lawrence co. Whe propenanigs worked several years ago, but was abandoned after a little explo- ration. The former shaft which was bottomed at 80 feet has been pumped out and will be deepened at least 100 feet additional. The work is being done by the Independent Lead Co., of New York city. The lead mine near Otisville, Orange co., formerly owned by the - Washington Mining Co., has been taken over by the Phoenix Lead Co. of Paterson, N. J. It was developed to some extent last year, and it is proposed to instal machinery for continuing the work during the present season. INDEX Acid-proof brick, 16. Adirondack Mining & Milling Co., 26.27. Adirondack Pulp Co., 70. Adirondack Pyrite Co., 52. Adirondacks, garnet, 25; graphite, 26; hematite, 37; magnetite, 30; mar- ble, 64; pyrite, 52; titaniferous mag- netite, 30, 34; trap, 68. Agalite Fibre Co., 70. Akron, cement industry, 13. Akron Cement Works, 14. Akron Gypsum Co., 28. Alabama, gypsum, 28. Albany county, bluestone, 68; build- ifieeepriek 16, 20: clays, 16, 17; crushed stone, 62; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; fire brick and stove lining, 21; limestone, 61, 63, 64; natural gas, 47; potteries, 23; terra cotta, fireproofing and build- ing tile, 21. Algonquin Red Slate Co., 45. Allegany county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; natural gas, 46, 48; pe- troleum, 50; terra cotta, fireproof- ing and building tile, 21. Allegany Pipe Line Co., 51. Atvord, E..B. & Co., 28. Amenia Co., 30. American Glue Co., 25. American Graphite Co., 26, 27. American Gypsum Co., 28. - American Pulp Co., 71. American Pyrites Co., 52. Anorthosite, 59. Arnold, magnetite, 30. Arnold hill, iron ore, 33. Arnold Mining Co., 30, 33. Arsenical ore, 10-12; analysis, II. Arsenopyrite, I0, 12. Asbestos Pulp Co., 70. Ashley, Dominic, 25. ~I Ausable 59. Forks, monumental stone, Barton, Hi: Et. é& Son Co, 25. Beck. les Cl cettedes 12: 36: Bedford, feldspar, 24; quartz, 52. Benson mines, 6, 31. Blue Corundum Mining Co., 24. Bluestone, 66, 68; value of produc- tion, 57, 67. Bolivar, petroleum, 51. Borst. C= A. inentanine, 730, 42) 43° 4A. Bradford, Pa., petroleum, 51. Brick, number made,- 6; prices, 20- 21; average price received, 19; production. 8. 6.) 10,14; 15, 16-25 ; value of production, 6, 8, 9, I0, 16, 18-21. See also Sand-lime brick. Bridgeport Wood Finishing Co., 52. Briggs, E. F., analysis, 65. Brinsmade, Robert B., cited, 37. Broome county, bluestone, building brick, 18; clays, 17. Brown Clay Works, 22. Buffalo, furnace flux, 62. Buffalo Cement Co., 14. Building brick, see Brick. Building stone, 57-69; value of out- put, 7, 58; production of granite, 59, 60; production of limestone, 60, 61, 62, 63; production of sand- stone, 66, 67. Building tile, see Tile. Burhans, W. M., 22. 68; Cady & Vandenbergh, 22. Caledonia mine, 37-39. Camillus shale, 27. Capac, Mich., peat manufacture, so. Carbon, dioxid, 12-13. Carbonate, 20. Catskill series, 45. 74 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Cattaraugus county, natural gas, 46, 48; petroleum, 50; shale, 45. Cayuga county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; gypsum, 27; hematite, 30, 42; iron mines, 6; limestone, 63, 64. Cement, 7, 13-14. . Champion Natural Carbonic Acid Gas Go;, 12: Champlain Graphite Co., 26. Champlain Stone & Sand Co., 60. Chateaugay Ore & Iron Co., 30. Chautauqua county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; fire brick and stove lin- ing, 21; natural gas, 46,47, 48; paving brick, 21 7) potteries, 23) terra cotta, fireproofing and build- Mey leewzTe Chazy limestone, 64. Cheever mine, 6, 31, 33-34. Chemung beds, 45, 46. Chemung county, building brick, 18; Clays,. 17 Chenango county, bluestone, 67, 68. Cherry Creek, natural gas, 47. Cherry Creek Oil Co., 47. Clarence, furnace flux, 63. Glay, 14-245 crude, 8, Oo, 10n2n @lay “materials: productions i5.17; new manufacturers, 21-22. Clayeproductss Ome, O)a10: Clinton, hematite, 30, 42-43, 44. Glinton county, building brick, 18; Chazy limestone, 64; clays, 17; fur- Nace six Osh eranitem5O) line 62; limestone, 63, 64; monumental stone, 50; trap, 68: Clinton hematite, 40-43. Clinton Metallic Paint Co., 45. Clinton Point Stone Co., 60. Clinton sandstone, 66. Cole mine, 52. Columbia county, building brick, 18, 20; clays, 16, 17; marble, 65; slate, 56. Columbia Pipe Line Co., 51. Columbian DalciGomzr Concrete, made from limestone, 60. Conduit pipes, 16. Conklingville, graphite, 27. Corwin & McCullough, 22. Crane mountain, ocher, 45. Crown Poimt Graphite Co; zone Crushed stone, 57-58; value of out- put, 7, 57, 58; made from granite, 59, 60; made from limestone, 66, 61, 62, 63; made from sandstone, 66, 67; made from trap, 60. Cummings Cement Co., 13. Curbing, value of output; sje 15e- made from granite, 59; made from limestone, 60, 61; made from sand- stone, 66, 67. Cuylerville, salt, 54. Dansville, oil and gas, 47.— Dean mine, 30, 36-37. Delaware county, bluestone, 68; shale, 45. Delaware river district, bluestone, 67, 68. Delft, 23. Dickson mine, 39-40. Diorikes So: Dobbs Ferry, marble, 65. Dodgeville, talc, 70, 71. Dover Chemical & Quarry Co., 65. Drain tile, value of production, 15- 16> mantitacture. 21 Dunkirk, potteries, 23. Dutchess county, building brick, 18, 20; clays, 16, 17; .exuShed@istene. 62; limestone, 61, 63, 64; limonite, 20} mathble, O55 slate, s50: Eagle Bridge, red slate, 45. Earthenware, manufacture, 23; value of production, 23. Edenville, arsenopyrite, 12. Edwards, zinc, 71. Electric and sanitary supplies, 23. Electric City Clay “Brick Ce, 22 Biko Paint (Goxeac: Emery,.8, 9, 10, 24. Emmons, Ebenezer, cited, 34. Empire Graphite Co., 27. ee ah INDEX TO THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 Erie county, building brick, 18; building stone, 62; cement in- Recery 13, -14;> clays, -116,. 17; crushed stone, 62; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; fire brick and stove lining, 21; furnace flux, 63; gyp- Sum, 27;. limestone, 61; 63, 64; natural gas, 46, 48; potteries, 23; terra cotta, fireproofing and build- ing tile, 21. Esopus stone, 43. Essex county, arsenopyrite, I0, 12; furnace flux, 63; garnet, . 25; graphite, 26; iron mines, 6; titan- PicLons --magnetites, 30, 31, 34; trap, 68. Exploitation Co. of America, 65. Bair: Gaven Iron Co.; 6, 30, 42. Feldspar, 8, 9, 10, 24-25 Ferenbaugh, natural gas, 47. Fire brick, value of production, 15, i6> IMmantifacture, 21. Fire tile and shapes, 16. Fireproofing, 21; value of produc- fa6n> 6; 16. Flagging, value of output, 7, 58; from limestone, 60, 61; from sand- stone, 66, 67. Flue lining, 16. Flux, see Furnace flux. Baste, W. 1. 34. Fords Brock Pipe Line Co., 51. Forest of Dean Iron Ore Co., 36. Forest of Dean mine, 30, 36-37. Franklin Iron Manufacturing 30, 40, 42, 43. Franklin mines, 42-43. Franklin Springs, 63. Fredonia, natural gas, 47. Freeman mine, 71. Front brick, value of production, 16. Frost Gas Co., 47. Fullerville, talc, 71. Fulton county, clays, 59; limestone, 63, 64. Furnace flux, 59; made from lime- stone, 60, 61, 62-63. ; Furnaceville Iron Co., 30, 41, 42, 44. Co: 17; granite, 75 Galena, 72. Garbutt, wall plaster, 28. Garnet, production, 7, 8, 9,-10, 25-26. Garnet peak, 25. Genesee county, crushed stone, 62; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; fur- nace flux, 63; gypsum, 27, 28, 29; limestone, 61, 63, 64; natural gas, 46; salt, 54; terra cotta, fireproof- ing and building tile, 21; wall plaster, 28. Geysers Natural Carbonic Acid Gas Cos 12) Glass sand, production, 8, 9, I0. Glens Falls, Trenton limestone, 64. Glens Falls Cement Co., 13. Glens Falls Graphite Co., 27 Gneisses, 50. Gore mountain, garnet, 25. Gouverneur, marble, 64; pyrite, 71. Granite (village), millstones, 44. Granite, 8, 9, 10, 59-60; value, 57, 58. Granite Brick Co., 56. Granville, slate, 56. Graphite, 7-8, 9, I0, 26-27. Greene county, bluestone, 68; build. ing brick, 18,.20; clays, 17; lime- stone, 64; paving brick, 21. Greenfield, graphite, 27; trap, 60. Greenport, marble, 65. Griffin, Walter T., 4o. Gunnville, furnace flux, 63. Gurnee, H. M., 60. Gypsum, production, 7, 8, 9, 10, 27- 20. Hague, graphite, 26. Hammondville district, magnetite, 31. Hampden Corundum Wheel Co., 24. Hampton, slate, 56. titaniferous ~ Hansell, N. V., cited, 32. Harlem Valley Brick & Supply Co., 22) Hartnagel, C. A., Clinton hematite, 40~43. Haverstraw quarries, 60. Haverstraw Trap Rock Co., 69. Hebron, slate, 56. 76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Hematite, 29, 30, 37; Clinton hema- tite, 40-43; used for metallic paint, 44, 45. Herkimer county, granite, 59; iron mines, 6; limestone, 63, 64; shale, 45. Hermon, pyrite, 52, 71. Heuvelton, peat, 40. Hoosick, state, 56. Hudson Iron Co., 30, 36. Hudson river district, bluestone, 67, 68; building brick, Io. Hudson River sandstone, 66. Hudson River shales, 48. Hunt, George W., 22. ind Ac pease Hydraulic cement, production, 7. Independent Lead Co., 72. Internatronalier ulpm Com 7Onn7ce International Salt Co., 53. Iron-mining industry, progress, 6. IbeCia Oise; 13) ©, IO, ATs ithaca, salts. Jamesville, gypsum, 28. Jefferson county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; granite, 59; hematite, 30, 37; limestone, 63, 64. Keeseville, garnet, 25. Keller Bros., 71. Kemp) ke Bs ccited= 2A. Kerhonkson, millstones, 44. Keni Salt Gorasa: Keukay natural gas, 47 Keystone Emery Mills, 24. Kings= ‘county, clays aio) 17. wdrain tile and sewer pipe, 21; fire brick and stove lining, 21; potteries, 23; terra cotta, fireproofing and build- ing tile, 21. Kingston, millstones, 44. Kinkel| 2) eae 2 Knight, H. W., 47. Kyserike, millstones, 44. Lake Sanford, titaniferous magnetite deposits, 6, 30, 34-36. Kaneaster, J. R24: Lancaster Sand-Lime Briek Co., 56. Wead; 7172) | Lehigh Portland Cement Co., 28. Leroy, gypsum, 20. Leucopyrite, 10. Lewis, arsenopyrite, 12. Lewis county, lime, 62; limestone, Oey, Ou, Lime, 50, 60, 61-63. . Limestone, 8, 0, 10, 60,04 valueron production, 57, 58. Limonite, 29, 30; used for metallic paint, 44. Mincoln) Spring Cox Little Falls, crushed stone, 59. Livingston county, oil and gas, 47, disse Seillite yi. Long Clove Trap Rock Co., 69. Lowe Brick Co., 22. Lynch & O’Brien, 22. Lyon. Mountain, iron ore, 30, 32-33. McIntyre Iron Co., 34. Madison county, clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; gypsum, 27; limestone, 63, 64; potteries, 23. Magnetite, 29, 30; titaniferous, 30, 34. Manhattan Trap Rock Co., 69. Manlius, cement, 14. Marble, 8, 9, 10, 64-65; value of pro- duction, 57, 58. Medina sandstone, 46, 47, 66, 68. Metallic paint, production, 8, 9, Io. Millstones, 8, 9, 10, 43-44. Mineral black, 45. Mineral industries, value of output, 6. Mineral paint, 44-45. Mineral production of New York in 1904, 8; in 1905, 9; in 1906, Io. - Mineral waters, 8, 9, I0. Mineville, iron ore, 30, 31-32. Mining developments, recent, 31-40. Minor, J 1@x jr creda Monarch Plaster Co., 29. Monroe county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; gypsum, 27, 29; lime- stone, 63, 64; potteries, 23; terra INDEX TO THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 cotta, fireproofing and building tile, 21; wall plaster, 28. Montgomery county, limestone, 63, 64. Monumental stone, value of output, 7, 50, 50; made from granite, 50, 60. Mt Joy, trap, 69. Myers, salt, 53. Nassau county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; potteries, 23. NericalCarbonic Gas Co.,. 12: DNatirabl cement, 7, S, 9, 10, 13,14. Natural Dam Pulp Co., 7o. Natural gas, 9, 10, 46-48; value of production, 7, 48; quantity pro- duced, 48. New Hamburg, slate, 56. New Lebanon, slate, 56. New Paltz, millstones, 44. New York city, clay deposits, Ig. New York Carbonic Acid Gas Co., 12. Newburgh Sand-Lime Brick Co., 56. Newland, D. H., cited, 32. Newman, E.. 47. Niagara county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; limestone, 63, 64. Nicholson, John, 22. North Creek, iron ore, 36. North Leroy, furnace flux, 63. North River Garnet Co., 25, 26. North Side Gas & Oil Co., 47. Northern Iron Co., 33. Northumberland, trap, 60. Nyack, trap, 60. Oakfield, gypsum, 29; wall plaster, 28. Ocher, 45. Old Sterling Iron Co., 30, 30. Oliver Iron Mining Co., 31. Oneida county, building brick, 18; ; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; furnace flux, 63; hema- tite, 40, 44; limestone, 63, 64. Onondaga Coarse Salt Association, 54. rs ef pe | NN ce © ii. Onondaga county, building brick, 18; CEMENT), “ayy b4cy Clays... 16,. 178 crushed stone, 62; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; fire brick and stove lining, 21; gypsum, 27, 28; lime, 61; limestone, 61, 63, 64; natural gas, 46, 48; paving brick, 21; pot- LEGIES, 23) Salt. 53) 54): tenrarcotta, fireproofing and building tile, 21; wall plaster, 28. Onondaga limestone, 63. Onondaga Pipe Line Co., 54. Ontario, hematite, 30, 44. Ontario Center, hematite, 41. Ontario county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; gypsum, 27; potteries, 23; terra cotta, fireproofing and building tile, 21. Ontario alc Co Fi. ‘Orange county, arsenopyrite, I0, 12; building brick, 18, 19, 20; clays, LO - aeLaMikemn SO. vIkOM, OLE,» 305 lead, 72. Oriskany Falls, furnace flux, 63. Orleans county, sandstone, 67, 68. Oscawana, marble, 65. Ossining, marble, 6s. Oswego, peat, 50. Oswego county, natural gas, 46, 48. Otisville, lead, 72. ; Palisades, trap, 57, 609. Palmer Bros., 22. Paper manufacture, peat for, 49. Paragon Plaster Co., 56. Paterson: wNe de 72: Pavilion Natural Gas Co., 46. Paving blocks, 59; made from gran- ite, 59; made from sandstone, 67; made from trap, 60. Paving brick, manufacture, 21; value of production, 15. Peat, 49-50. Peekskill, emery, 24. Petroleum, 8, 9, 10, 50-51; value of - production, 7. Pettinos, Bros., 26, 27. Phoenix Lead -Co., 72. 78 Pierces Corners, galena, 72. Pilgrim Paper Co., 50. Pine pond, arsenical ore, II. Plaster, 27. Plaster or paris. 272 Pleasantville, marble, 65. Porcelain, 24; value of production, 23. Port Henry, furnace fix, 62-iren ore, 32, 33; titaniferous magnetite, Bate Port Henry iron @xre Co, 30) 31. Port Richmond, trap, 60. Portage beds, 46. Portland cement, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14. Potsdam sandstone, 66. Potter-Brown Cement Works, 14. Pottery, 8) 0, 10, 22-23) 52 4 valiie or DCGEIOM, C-74 UG, 23) Powell & Minnock, 22. Power & Mining Machinery Co., 59. Presbrey; Or S:) 33: Putnam county, arsenical ore, arsenopyrite, 10; granite, 50. Putnam County Mining Corporation, iit, IBAHPMES, 8, Oh WO, GA, 7k ie Quarries, valuation of products re- ported by, 7. Ouartz. Ss, 6; 1025, 52% Queens county, clays, 17; terra cotta, fireproofing and building tile, 21. Quinn, H. M., 24. Quinroy Construction Co., 69. Randolph, shale, 4s. Reilly & Marks, 22. Rensselaer Brick Co., 22. Rensselaer county, building brick, 18, 20; clays, 17; fire brick and stove lining, 21; slate, 56; terra cotta, fireproofing and building tile, 2r. Retsof Mining Co., 54. Richmond county, building brick, 18; clays, 16, 17; fire brick and stove lining, 21; terra cotta, fireproofing and building tile, 21; trap, 57, 60. NEW “YORK STATE MUSEUM Riprap, 59; made from granite, 509, 60; made from limestone, 60, 61; made from sandstone, 67. Road metal, 58; made from lime- stone, 60, 61. Rochester City Pottery, 23. Rochester Composite Brick Co., 56. Rock Glen Salt Cos 54 Rock pond, graphite, 26, 27. Rockland county, building brick, 18, 19, 20; clays, 16, 17; crushed stone, 62; limestone, 61, 63, 64; trap, 60. Rockland Lake Trap Rock Co., 69. Roofing slate, 8, 9, 10, 56. Rosendale cement, 13. Roseton Sand-Lime Brick Co., 56. Rossie Iron’ Ore, Con gonay ae Rossville Brick Co., 22. Rourke, EW Coxe: Roxbury, shale, 45. Rubble; 50; from granite, 50; Go; from limestone, 60, 61; from sand- stone, 66, 67. Rushville Mining & Gas Co., 47. St Josen, millstones, 44. St Lawrence county, bluestone, 68; building brick, “16: jealemasun gen hematite, 30, 37,-454 inonmsadinmtesmer limestone, 63, 64; marble, 64; peat, AQ’; pyrite; 52, 71; tale 7o-miean iferous magnetite, 31>) zine ge St Lawrence Pulp.Co., 7o. St Lawrence Pyrite Co., 52. Salen, slaw, 6. Salisbury mine, 6. Salisbury Steel & Iron Co., 30. Salt, 7, 8, 9, 10, 53555: Sand-lime brick, 10, 55-56. -Sandstone, 8, 9, 10, 66; value of pro- duction, 57, 58. Sand Stone Brick Cospso.= Saratoga county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; graphite, 27; limestone, 63, 64; trap, 57, 60. Saratoga Springs, carbon dioxide, 12. Saratoga Trap Rock Co., 60. . Schenectady Brick Co., 56. INDEX TO THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1906 Schenectady county, fire brick and stove lining, 21; potteries, 23. Schoharie county, limestone, 63, 64. Schuyler county, salt, 54. Scorodite, 10. Seneca county, building brick, 18; clays, .17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; gypsum, 27; limestone, 63, 64; natural gas, 47. Seneca Falls, natural gas, 47. Sewer pipe, manufacture, 21; value of production, 16. Shawangunk conglomerate, 66. Shawangunk grit, 43. Sheridan, natural gas, 47. ' Shushan, slate, 56. Sidewalk brick, 16. Sienna, 45. Silicate paint, 52. Silver Creek, natural gas, 46, 47. Silver Creek Gas and Improvement Con az: Site: 6,9, 10, 56-57. Smit ©. “A: 22- Sri, Mdward J. & Co., 22: Smith, G. W., 25. Smock, John C., cited, 34; analysis of iron ore, 36--37. Smyth GH. jr, cited, 30, 72. Solvay Process Co., 53, 54, 62. South Bay, graphite, 27. South Dover Marble Co., 65. South Shore Gas Co., 47. Sle; Co. 22... Standish, iron ore, 33. Staples A S. 22. Stella mine, 52. Sterling Salt Co., 54. Sterling Station, iron mines, 6, 30, 42. Steuben county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; natural gas, 47; paving brick, 21; petroleum, 50; terra cotta, fireproofing and building tile, 21. Stone, 57-69. See also Building stone; Crushed stone; Monumental stone. Stoneware, manufacture, 23; value of production, 23. 12 Stove lining, manufacture, 21; value of production, I5. Suffolk county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; potteries, 23. Sullivan county, bluestone, 68. Syenite, 59. Syracuse, salt, 53; wall plaster, 28. Tahawus Iron Ore Co., 34. MAIC 7a SOs 10" 70-71. Balevyalles jo. 71. Tanite Co., 24. Terra cotta, 21; value of output, 6, 16. Ticonderoga Graphite Co., 27. Vide: Water Pipe Go., Ltd:, 51. Tile, 21; value of output, 6, 16. Titaniferous magnetite, see Mag- netite. opi Ge Le 22 Tompkins county, building brick, 18; Clays. 17.5 Salt. 54. Trap, 8, 9, 10, 68-69; yalue of pro- duction, 57, 58. Trenton limestone, 46, 64. Troy, mineral paints, 45. Tuckahoe, marble, 65. Tusco Oil, Mineral & Gas Co., 47. Ulster Brick Co., 22. Ulster county, bluestone, 68; build- ie: brick, 16; 10; 20); clays, 16, 17; millstones, 43. Union Pipe Line Co., 51. UintonwiealesCo.5 a: United States Talc Co., 70. Van der Meulen & Wrylstra Art Pottery Gos, 23° Vernon beds, 45. Vitrified paving brick, value of pro- duction, 16. Voorheesville, natural gas, 47. Warren county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; garnet, 25; granite, 59; graphite, 26; lime, 62; limestone, 6i, 63, 64. SO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Warsaw, salt, 53. Washington county, building brick, 18; clays, 17; drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; feldspar, 24; fire brick and stove lining, 21; graphite, 27; lime, 62; limestone, 63, 64; ocher, ASE NOLeiess 623. eC mislatemeAcr slate. 565 trap, ado: Washington Mining Co., 72. Watertown Sand Brick Co., 56. Watkins, salt, 53. Wayne county, drain tile and sewer pipe, 21; hematite, 41, 44; potter- 1e5) 23" Welch Gas Co., 47. Wellsville, petroleum, 51. West Chazy, furnace flux, 63. West Haverstraw Brick Co., 22. West Shore Stone Co., 50. Westchester county, building brick, 18, 20; building stone, 59; clays, 16, 17; crushed stone, 62; feldspar, 24; fire brick and stove lining, 21; granite, 59; limestone, 61, 63, 64; marble, 65; quartz,52) Westfield, natural gas, 47. Wheatland, gypsum, 29; wall plaster, 28. White Plains, marble, 65. Whitehall, sienna, 45; slate, 56. Whitlock, HH: Pj citedsarz: William Connors Paint Manufactur- hanes (CO, As. Wishart, George, analyses furnished ysis 12: Witherbee, Sherman & Co., 30, 31, 732: Wolcott, hematite, 41-42. Wood filler, 52. Woodhull, natural gas, 47. Wyoming county, bluestone, 67, 68; natural gas, 48; salt, 54. Yates county, natural gas, 47. Ziegler & Ziegler, 22. LNCS GFP ae ewe oS ee ee New York State Education Department New York State Museum Joun M. CriarKeE, Director PUBLICATIONS Packages will be sent prepaid except when distance or weight renders the Same impracticable. On ro or more copies of any one publication 20% discount will be given. Editions printed are only large enough to meet special claims and probable sales. When the sale copies are exhausted, tne price for the few reserve copies is advanced to that charged by second- hand booksellers, in order to limit their distribution to cases of special need. Such prices are inclosed in[]. All publications are in paper covers, unless binding is specified. . Museum annual reports 1847-date. Allin print to 1892, 50c a volume, 75¢ in cloth; 1892—-date, 75c¢, cloth. These renorts are made up of the reports of the Director, Geclogist, Paleontologist, Botanist and Entomologist, and museum bulletins and memoirs, issued as advance sections of the Teports. Director’s annual reports 1904-date. These reports cover the reports of the State Geologist and of the State F eontologist. Bound also with the museum reports of which they form a part. Report for 1904. 138p. 20¢. 1905. 102p. 23pl. 30¢c. 1906. 186p. 4rpl. 35¢. Geologist’s annual reports 1881-date. Rep’ts 1, 3-13, 17—date, O; 2, 14-16, O. In 1898 the paleontologic work of the State was made distinct from the geologic and was reported separately from 189y-1903. The two departments were reunited in 1904, and are now reported in tie Director’s report. ; The annual reports of the original Natural History Survey, 1837-41, are out of print. Reports 1-4, 1881-84, were published only in separate form. Of the sth report 4 pages Were reprinted in the 39th museum report, and a supplement to the 6th report was included in the 4oth museum report. The 7th and subsequent reports are included in the arst and following museum reports, except that certain lithographic plates in the 11th report (1891) and 15th (1893) are omitted from the 45th and 47th museum reports. Separate volumes of the following only are available. Report Price Report Price Report Price 12 (1892) $.50 17 $.75 21 $.40 I4 a75 18 75 22 -40 iiss Pes 2 19 . 40 23 SAB 16 I 20 a0 [See Director’s annual reports] P -leontologist’s annual reports 1899—date. See first note under Geologist’s annual reports. Bound also with museum reports of which they form a part. - Reports for 1899 and 1900 may be had for 20c each. Those for 1g01-3 were issued as bulletins. In 1904 combined With the Director’s report. Entomologist’s annual reports on the injurious and other insects of the State of New York 1882-—date. Reports 3-20 bound also with museum reports 40-46, 48-58 of which they form a part. Since 1898 these reports have been issued as bulletins. Reports 3-4, 17 are out of print, other reports with prices are: Report Price Repert Price Report Price I $.50 9 $.25 TS) (Emo) Sets 2 330 Io “Bs nO (> 3) 525 5 5A init .25 Te G97) vg BE 6 Sits 12 225 1@ (7 Biz) ies 7 .20 13 .10 2ON( 2 24). 40 8 5B TANG n=5)) 20 a (2 26) 328 2 (= 28) es Reports 2, 8-12 may also be obtained bound separately in cloth at 25c in addition to the price given above. Botanist’s annual reports 1867-date. Bound also with museum reports 21—date of which they form a part; the first Botanist’s report appeared in the z1st museum report and is numbered 21. Reports 21-24, 29, 31-41 were not published separately. Separate reports for 1871-74, 1876, 1888-96 and 1898 (Botany 3) are out of print. Report for 1897 may be had for 4oc; 1899 for 20c; 1900 for 50c. Since 1go1 these reports have been issued as bulletins [see Bo 5-9]. Descriptions and illustrations of edible, poisonous and unwholesome fungi of New York have also been published in volumes 1 and 3 of the 48th (1894) museum report and in volume I of the 49th (1895), 51st (1897), 52d (1898), 54th (1900), 55th (1901), 56th (1902), 57th (1903) and 58th (1904) reports. The descriptions and illustrations of edible and unwhole- some species contained in the 49th, 51st and 52d reports have been revised and rearranged, and, combined with others more recently prepared, constitute Museum memoir 4. NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Museum bulletins EO ae O. To advance subscribers, $2 a year or 1$ a year for division (1) geology, economic geology, paleontology, mineralogy; soc each for divisions (2) general ole, archeology and miscellangous, (3) botany, (4) entomology. Bulletins are also found with the annual reports of the museum as follows: Bulletin Report Bulletin Report Bulletin Report Bulletin Report (Gar A Ne 5 IPA Bes BAly Wn g En 11 RAI, Wins! Ar 3 52,V.1 2 its Wo it 4 eT TAOS TI Veneta ava ae 4 BAS ene 3 Dy Wo it 5,6 SS eT IA HE, Ws i 5 2) Cava 4 BA aed 70) SO, Wo 2 tR=1S) SO, Vad 6 Sa ae 5 B)g Wo Xt Io Sip Wolly (DU B LO=ZQ 7p Wo Ly OG b | 56,V.4 6 So. Wot Db a bp et 7) 58,V.3 8,9 be Nae 4=T0 58,V.L 3 B85 Welt 9 Sera aae: bes, 6 asset 4 Gale Wo it HO), IEE His) Wee 4 Oy Ws 57; OF Ws DS 6 Atl BS GWoS WES se SG. Ae 5 Al 8 BB, Wee i Siamee Sin Wo OQ 3 S24 Wp it 9 Billy Wo 2 9 BO, WB A Raq ren Memoir Io = 53 Io Gin Wo tks JO at Re Sie, Wo i 2 49, V.3 Tar BOs Wo a0 ie IE 5 102) 58,V.4 6 56, V.4 Bea ein Noe TD, te SW 2 Dia 33 AS, Vit 4 5) Wo Do 56) in Nese M 2 BO, Wo 4-6 BD, Wait 8 BB Wo al Fi Be Ae 3 Big Ws iby TO I I=6) 5B, Wa it Ar 1. ROH Avo i Pa i Bal, Wo a IO GAN vane 2 Bits Weyat The figures in parenthesis in the following list indicate the bulletin’s number as a New York State Museum bulletin. Geology. G1 (14) Kemp, J. F. Geology of Moriah and Westport Town- ships, Essex Co. N. Y., with notes\on the iron mines: 3Sp. 7plz amas SEjOe LIOHa WSCS G2 (10) Merrill, EB. J. MH. Guide to the Study of the Geological Collections of the New York State Museum. 1162p. trgpl. map. Nov. 1898. [50¢] G3 (21) Kemp, J. F. Geology of the Lake Placid Region. = 24'p: uplemeara. SEO. LSOS. BC: G4 (48) Woodworth, J. B. Pleistocene Geology of Nassau County and Borough of Queens. 58p. il. opl. map. Dec. WOOUS DEG, G5 (56) Merrill, F. J. Hi Description ot the State Geologie Mapnotmugen {2p 2umaps abe BOC) 19S2 i roG. G6 (77) Cushing, H. P. Geology of the Vicinity of Little Falls, Herkimer CO, Osios wl, tol. Py Say OSe, |» Eval ROKR. BOG: G7 (83) Woodworth, J. B. rg eee Geology of the Mooers Quadrangle, OZ: 25ple map: aiUme Zoos. 25 G8 (84) Ancient Water Levels of the Champlain and Hudson Valleys, 200p- Miplame maps. | aly ASC. Go (95) Cushing, H. P. Goin ‘of the Northern Adirondack Region, r88p. r5pl. 3 maps. SEOs UOOS. POC Gio (96) Orie eek Geology of the Paradox Lake Quadrangle. 5,4p. Ue oll, keys Dea GrQas, aoe, oe (106) Fairchild, H. L.. Glaeial Waters in the Erie Basin. 88p. r4pl. OWA OS 2 MIs MOO. BHC Gi2 (207) Woodworth, J. B:: Hartnagel, (C. A.; Whitlock He Be erindsenm Gale Clarkes |= Ma; White, David: Berkey, Car Geological Papers, 2388p. s6pl. map. May 1907. goc., cloth. Contents: Woodworth, J. B. Postglacial Faults of Eastern New York Hartnagel, C. A. Stratigraphic Relations of the Oneida Conglomerate. —— Upper Siluric and Lower Devonic Formations of the Skunnemunk Mountain Region, Whitlock, H. P. Minerals from Lyon Mountain, Clinton Co. Hudson, G. H. On Some Pelmatozoa from the Chazy Limestone of New York. Clarke, J. M. Some New Devenic Fossils. An Interesting Style of Sand-filled Vein. Eurypterus Shales of the Shawangunk Mountains in Eastern New York. White, David. A Remarkable Fossil Tree Trunk from the Middle Devonic of New York. Berkey, C. P. Structural and Stratigraphic Features of the Basal Gneisses of the Highlands. Fairchild, Hy 2. Dsunalins of News orca Gapiess: Later Glacial Waters in Central New York. Prepared. Cushing, H. P. Geology of the Theresa Quadrangle. In preparation. Geology of the Long Lake Quadrangle. Jn press. Berkey, C. “e. Geology of the Highlands of the Hudson. In preparation. Economic geology. Eo1 (3) Smock, J. C. Building Stone in the State of New York.) 152, “Mary rssSe5 sOuL oj pions Eg2 (7) —— First Report on the Iron Mines and ier Ore Districts in the State of New York. 6+ 70p.map. June 1889. Out of. pront. Eg3 (10) Building Stone in New York. 210p. map, tab. Sep. 1890. AOC. MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS DIVISION 2 BOTANY. Torrey, John. Flora of the State of New York; com- prising full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hith- erto discovered in the State, with remarks on their economical and medical properties. 2v. il. pl.sq.Q. Albany 1843. Out of print. v. « Flora of the State of New York. 12+4+484p. 72pl. 1843. 300 copies with hand-colored plates. v. 2 Flora of the State of New York. 572p. 89pl. 1843. 300 copies with hand-colored plates. DIVISION 3 MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York; com- prising detailed descriptions of the minerals hitherto found in the State of New York, and notices of their uses in the arts and agriculture. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1842. Out of print. v. 1 ptr Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24+536p. EO42. 8 plates additional to those printed as part of the text. DIVISION 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W. W.; Emmons, Ebenezer; Vanuxem, Lard- ner & Hall, James. Geology of New York. gv. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1842-43. Out of print. v. r ptr Mather, W. W. First Geological District.. 37+653p. 46pl. 1843. v. 2 pt2 Emmons, Ebenezer. Second Geological District. 10+437p. 17pl. 1842. : V. 3 ptz Vanuxem, Lardner. Third Geological District. 306p. 1842. v. 4 pt4 Hall, James. Fourth Geological District. 22+683p. 1opl. map. 1843. BercoN 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York; comprising an account of the classification, composition and distribution of the soils and rocks and the natural waters of the different geological formations, together with a condensed view of the meteorology and agri- en productions of the State. 5v.il.pl.sq.Q. Albany 1846-54. Out of print. ree v. 1 Soils of the State, their Composition and Distribution. 11+371p. 21pl. 1846. v. 2 Analysis of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. 8+343+46p. 4gz2pl. 1849. With hand-colored plates. v. 3 Fruits, etc. 8+340p. 1851. Voevmeelabes to accompany Vv. 3. o5pl. 1851. Hand-colored. v. 5 Insects Injurious to Agriculture. 8+272p. sopl. 1854. _ With hand-colored plates. DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Palaeontology of New York. 8v. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound in cloth. v. r Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System. 23+338p. ogopl. 1847. Out of print. v. 2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System. 84+362p. togpl. 1852. Out of print. v. 3 Organic Remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Dandstone, ptr, text. 12)--532p.. 1859. [$2.50] preer4zol 1861. [$2.50] v. 4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 11+1+428p. 6opl. 1867. $2.50. v. 5 ptr Lamellibranchiata 1. Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton and Chemung Groups. 18+268p. 45pl. 1884. $2.50. Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Ham- ilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 62+293p. 51pl. 1885. $2.50. pt2 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helder- berg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. 1, text. iA pa Vv. 2, T20pl. | $2.50 jor 2 v. & Simpson, George B. v. 6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Up- per Helderberg and Hamilton Groups. 24+298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50. & Clarke, John M. v. 7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oris- kany, Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. 64+236p. 46pl. 1888. Cont. supplement to v. 5, ptz. Ptero- poda, Cephalopoda and Annelida. qg2p. 18pl. 1888. $2.50. ; NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT & Clarke, John M. v. 8 ptr Introduction to the Study of the Genera of the Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+367p. 44pl. 1892. $2.50. & Clarke, John M. v. 8 pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+394p. 6a4pl. 1894. $2.50. Catalogue of the Cabinet of Natural History of the State of New York and of the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. 242p. O. 1853. Handbooks 1893-date. . In quantities, 1 cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as below. New York State Museum (529. lane: Outlines history and work of the museum with list of staff 1g02. Paleontology. 12p. 2c. Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition; Relation to biology; Relation to stratigraphy; History of paleontology in New York. Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York. t124p. 8c. Itineraries of 3 2 trips covering nearly the entire series of Paleozoic rocks, prepared specially for the use of teachers and students desiring to acquaint themselves more intimately with the classic rocks of this State. Entomology. 16p. 2¢. Economic Geology. 44p. 4c. Insecticides and Fungicides. 20p. 36. Classification of New York Series of Geologic Formations. 32p. 3c. Geologic maps. Merrill, F. J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the State of New York; issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and 48th Museum Report, vi 1. 50x67 cm. 1894, scale 14-miles tos 1) imehe aye Map of the State of New York Showing the Location of Quarries of Stone Used for Building and Road Metal. Mus. bul. 17. 1897. 106. Map of the State of New York Showing the Distribution of the Rocks Most Useful for Road Metal) Mus] buljm7. 1S0i7.. aye: Geologic Map of New York. 1901. Scale 5 miles to 1 inch. In ailas jorm $3; mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson sheet 6oc. The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, Put- nam, Westchester, New York, Richmond, Kings, Queens and Nassau counties and parts of Sullivan, Ulster and Suffolk counties; also northeastern New Jersey and part of western Connecticut. Map of New York Showing the Surface Configuration and Water Sheds. NOG, CAS WA waIleS WO 1 Waly wie, Map of the State of New York Showing the Location of its Economic Deposits! 1904.) Scale -12) mnilesito my tach g nye Geologic maps on the United States Geological Survey topographic base; scale 1 in. == 1 m. Those marked with an asterisk have also been pub- lished separately. “Albany county. ' Mus: repit 40, wv. 22, 1898.. Sec: Area around Lake Placid. Mus. bul. 21. 1898. Vicinity of Frankfort Hill [parts of Herkimer and Oneida counties]. Mus. MIO Si We iu, WIOGe Rockland county. State geol. rep’t 18. 1899. Amsterdam quadrangle. Mus. bul. 34. 1900. *Parts of Albany and Rensselaer counties. Mus. bul. 42. Igor. toc. *Niagaraltivers Vitisiauleicge = roQonem isc. Part of Clinton county. State geol. repay ro.) Hoon. Oyster Bay and Hempstead quadrangles on Long Island. Mus. bul. 48. TQOT. Portions of Clinton and Essex counties. Mus. bul. 52. 1902. Part of town of Northumberland, Saratoga co. State geol. rep’t 21. 1903. Union Springs, Cayuga county and vicinity. Mus. bul. 69. 1903. *Olean quadrangle. Mus. bul. 69. 1903. 106. *Becraft Mt with 2 sheets of sections. (Scale 1 in. —=4m.) Mus. bul. 60. LOOZay 2OG. *Canandaigua-Naples quadrangles. Mus. bul. 63. 1904. 20¢. *Little Falls quadrangle. Mus. bul. 77. 1905. 15¢. *Watkins-Elmira quadrangles. Mus. bul. 81. 1905. 200. *Tully quadrangle. Mus. bul. 82. 1905. 106. *Salamanca quadrangle. Mus. bul. 80. 1905. 10. *Buffalo quadrangle. Mus. bul. 99. 1906. toc. *Penn Yan-Hammondsport quadrangles. Mus. bul. ror. 1906. 206. MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS En7 (26) Collection, Preservation and Distribution of New York In- sects. 36p.il. Ap. 1899. 5c. En8 (27) —— Shade Tree Pests in New York State. 26p. il. spl. May 1899. Eng (31) 15th Report of the State Entomologist 1899. 4128p. June mga. « “15C. Entro (36) 16th Report of the State Entomologist rg00. 1x18p. 16pl. Mar TQ0r. 25¢. Enir (37) Catalogue of Some of the More Important Injurious and Beneficial Insects of New York State: 54p.il. Sep. 1900. 100. En1i2 (46) Scale Insects of Importance and a List of the Species in New York State. o4p. il. rspl.-. June r90r. 25¢. Enr3 (47) Needham, J. G. & Betten, Cornelius. "Aquatic Insects in the Adirondacks. 234p. il. 36pl. Sep 190%. 45c. Enr4 (53) Felt, E. P. 17th Report of the State Entomologist 1901. 232p. il. 6pl. Aug. 1902. Out of print. Ents (57) Elm Leaf Beetle in New York State. - 46p. il. 8pl. Aug. 1902. Out of print. This is a revision of En4 containing the more essential facts observed since that was pre- pared. En16 (59) —— Grapevine Root Worm. gop. 6 pl. Dec. 1902. 15¢. See Enrg. En17 (64) 18th Report of the State Entomologist 1902. trop. 6pl. May 190 206. En18 (68) Needham, J].G. & others. Aquatic Insects in New York. 322p. s2pl. Aug. 1903. 80¢, cloth. Enig (72) Felt, i. P. Grapevine Root Worm. 58p. 13pl: Nov: 1903. 20¢. This is a revision of En16 containing the more essential facts observed since that was prepared. En20 (74) & Joutel, L. H. Monograph of the Genus Saperda. 88p. HApl June 1904. 25¢. eee (76) Felt, E. P. roth Report of the State Entomologist 1903. 15op. 4pl. 1904. I5¢. nace a —— Mosquitos or Culicidae of New York. 164p.il. 57pl. Oct. mass (86) Mecdiar: J. G. & others. May Flies and Midges of New York. 352p. il. 37pl. June 1905. 80, cloth. En24 (97) Felt, E. P. 2zoth Report of the State Entomologist 1904. 246p. il. ropl. Nov. 1905. 4oc. En25 (103) —— Gipsy and Brown Tail Moths. 44p. tropl. July 1906. 15c. En26 (104). 21st Report of the State Entomologist 1905. 144p. tropl. I. FOO. 256. En27 (109) Tussock Moth and Elm Leaf Beetle. 34p. 8pl. Mar. 1907. 206. ; En28 (110) 22d Report of the State Entomologist 1906. In press. Needham, J. G. Monograph on Stone Flies. In preparation. Botany. Bor (2) Peck, C. H. Contributions to the Botany of the State of New York. 66p. 2pl. May 1887. Out of print. Bo2 (8) Boleti of the United States. o96p. Sep. 1889. [soc] Bo3 (25) Report of the State Botanist 1898. 76p. 5pl. Oct. 1899. Out of print. Bo4 (28) Plants of North Elba. 206p. map. June 1899. 200. Bos (54) 58p. 7pl. Nov. 1902. 4oc¢. Bo6 (67) Report of the State Botanist 1902. s196p.5pl. May 1903. 5o0c. Bo7 (75) —— Report of the State Botanist 1903. 7op. 4pl. 1904. 4o0¢. Bo8 (94) —— Report of the State Botanist 1904. 6op. 1opl. July 1905. 4oc. Bog (105) Report of the state, Botanist ro05. r0Sp. repli. Aug. EQOO:; .50C: Archeology. Ari (16) Beauchamp, W. M. Aboriginal Chipped Stone Im- plements of New York. 86p. 22pl. Oct. 1897. 25¢. Ar2 (18) Polished Stone Articles used by the ves York Aborigines. moOApesspl ~Novy. 1897. 256: Ar3 (22) Earthenware of the New York Aborigines. 78p.33pl. Oct. ZOOS. 256. Ar4 (32) Aboriginal Occupation of New York. tgop. 16pl. 2 maps. Mar. 1900. 300. NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Ars (41) Wampum and Shell Articles used by New York Indians. LOop..28p). Mars T90m, Meee: Ar6 (50) Horn and Ree Implements of the New York Indians. rzap. Agpl Mate TOO?) : 312) Ar7 (55) Metallic lniplemienies of the New York Indians. og 4p. 38pl. June 1902. 4256. Ar8 (73) Metallic Ornaments of the New York Indians. 1122p. 37pl. Deesxgqo3" 30c. Arg (78) Peony of the New York Iroquois. 340p. 17pl. map. Feb. OOS a7 SOMOLOLE. Arto (87) Perch Lake Mounds) 84p. \ 12pl. “Ap. s9057 meee Arii (89) Aboriginal Use of Wood in New York. 1190p. 35pl. June LOO5: 35: Ari12 (108) Aboriginal Place Names of New York. 336p. May 1907. 406. —--- Civil, Religious and Mourning Councils and Ceremonies of Adoption. In press. Miscellaneous. 3m (62) Merrill, F. J. MH. Directory of Natural eisrony Museums in United States\and Canada. 2360p. “Ap, 1993. un¢ee Ms2 (66) Ellis, Mary. Index to Publications of the New York State Nat- ural History Survey and New York State Museum 1837-1902. 418p. Jitine to02t) 75G. clots Museum memoirs 188 9—date. Q. t Beecher, C. E. & Clarke, J. M. Development of Some Silurian Brachi- opoda. Gop: Spla. Octi 1880, abn. 2 Hall, James & Clarke, J. M. Paleozoic Reticulate Sponges. 35o0p. il. 7opl. 1898. $1, cloth. 3 Clarke, J. M. The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia Co. NEYSR Er 2S ps Gol Octremoqo0o Soc. 4 Peck, C. H. _N. Y. Edible Fungi, 1895-99: xro6p: 25pl) Novenecosme ase: This includes revised descriptions and illustrations of fungi reported in the 49th, 51st and 52d reports of the State Botanist. 5 Clarke, J. M. & Ruedemann, Rudolf. Guelph Formation and Fauna of New) Mork State. ae6p,21pl)) |uly acon pussomciona 6 Clarke, J. M. Naples Fauna in Western New York. 268p. 26pi. map. $2, cloth. 7 Ruedemann, Rudolf. Graptolites of New York. Pt 1 Graptolites of the Lower Beds, (250p.27pls | Mebs 19055 som sO, clout 8 Felt, E. 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