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Published monthly by the
New York State Education Department

BULLETIN 409 AUGUST 1907

New York State Museum

Joun M. Crarxe, Director

Bulletin 114

PALEONTOLOGY 17

A WS’

TS

GEOLOGIC MaP TF"

OF THE

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH
QUADRANGLES

BY

C.-A: HARTNAGEL

PAGE PAGE
MIGARUCHION So oi eos se es a5 Medina formation’... ... so: 10
Sequence of events preceding Chnton formation. : se-uc. 12
the deposition of the rocks of Niagara formation... .<. }2-s .sc ol 7

fae Hochester area. ........- 8 Salina formation 304... oy .5%. : 23
IGE MICHOUS s,s are eeve sees 10° |? Indexes Fo, PSs ea BL ts 33

204994

ALBANY .
NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
: 1907
Mpdasm-Je6-1500 | Price 20 cents

STATE OF NEW YORK
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Regents of the University

With years when terms expire

1913 WHITELAW Rew M.A. LL.D. Chancellor - New York

1917 Sr Crain McKetway M.A. LL.D. Vice ChancellorBrooklyn
1908 Daniet Beacu Ph.D. LL.D. - - - - Watkins
1914 Puiny T. Sexton LL.B. LL.D. ay - Palmyra
1912 T. GuitForp SmirH M.A.C.E.LL.D.~ - - Buffalo

1918 WiLL1AM NotrincHAM M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - Syracuse

1910 CHARLES A. GARDINER Ph.D. L.H.D. LL.D. D.C.L, New York
1915 ALBERT VANDER VEER M.D. M.A, Ph.D. LL.D. Albany

1911 Epwarp LautersacH M.A. LL.D. - - New Yom
1909 EuGENE A. PuiLein LL.B. LL.D. . - - New York
1916 Lucian L. SHEDDEN LL.B. - - - - Plattsburg

Commissioner of Education ~

ANDREW S. Draper LL.B. LL.D.

Assistant Commissioners ~

Howarp J. Rocers M.A. LL.D. First Assistant
Epwarp J. Goopwin Lit.D. L.H.D. Second Assistant
Auecustus S. Downinc M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. Third Assistant

Secretary to the Commissioner

HarLAN H. Horner B.A.

Director of State Library

Epwin H. ANpErRSON M.A.

Director of Science and State Museum

Joun M. Crarxe Ph.D. LL.D.

Chiefs of Divisions
Accounts, WILLIAM Mason
Attendance, James D. SULLIVAN
Educational Extension, W1iLLIAM R. EastMAN M.A. M.L.S.
Examinations, CHARLES F. WHEELOCK B.S. LL.D.
Inspections, FRANK H. Woop M.A.
Law, THomas E. FINEGAN M.A.
School Libraries, CHARLEs E. Fircu L.H.D.
Statistics, Hiram C. Case
Visual Instruction, De LANcEy M. ELtis

|

ee ae

New Vork State Education Department

Science Division, June 2, 1906.

fon. Andrew S. Draper LL.D.
Commissioner of Education
Sir: I beg to communicate herewith, for publication as a bulletin
of the State Museum, a Geological Map of the Rochester and Ontario
Beach Quadrangles together with the explanatory matter pertaining

thereto.
Respectfully yours

Joun M. CLARKE

Director
Approved for publication this 3d day of June 1906

of Drago

Commissioner of Education

‘ a : j « ,
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- .

New York State Education Department

New York State Museum

Joun M. Crarkg, Director

Bulletin 114

PALEONTOLOGY 17

GEOLOGIC MAP

OF THE

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES

BY

CoN. EUR NAGE

INTRODUCTION

The area covered by this map is one long known in New York
geology. As early as 1824, Prof. Amos Eaton?' had given a brief
account of the geology of this region. Later, in the days of the
original survey of the fourth district, Prof. James Hall carefully
exploited the geology of Monroe county, and through the long inter-
vening years his report has served as a standard for the general
geology of the region.

In carrying on the investigations for the present work, I have had
the cordial cooperation of local geologists to whom I desire to express
my appreciation and thanks. Prof. H. L. Fairchild has contributed
information relative to the drift-covered area found in the southern
part of the map and has given suggestions in regard to the units of
sedimentation which have been used on the map. Prof. A. L. Arey
has contributed -a map on which were recorded rock excavations
which are no longer accessible. This has been an aid in determin-
ing the contact lines within the city limits. Mr G. H. Chadwick
directed my attention to numerous outcrops which were indicated
on a topographic sheet submitted for my use.

t Geological and Agricultural Survey of the District Adjoining the Erie Canal,

6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The region mapped lies between 43° and 43° 20’ north latitude
and 77° 30’ and 77° 45’ west longitude, and exclusive of Lake
Ontario comprises an area of 239 square miles. The variation of
the magnetic from the true meridian in this section is 8° west of the
true north, ;

The hight of the lowest area on the map is on the shore of Lake
Ontario which is 247 feet above tide. The highest points are in the
vicinity of the Mendon hills, approximately. 850 feet above tide.
The higher elevations are due to drift accumulations upon the soft
Salina strata.

The city of Rochester is situated nearly in the center of the map
and many fine rock sections are shown along the Genesee river well
within the city limits, while the numerous steam and trolley roads
running from the city make most of the other areas of the map
readily accessible.

On the north, the area mapped is bounded by Lake Ontario.
From the northwest corner of the map the lake shore extends in a
southeast direction as far as Irondequoit bay, from which point a
northeast direction is assumed, making within the limits of this map
the most southerly projecting point of Lake Ontario in New York.
At the place where the lake has its greatest southern extension,
Irondequoit bay opens. This bay, representing undoubtedly an
unfilled preglacial channel, and though less than 5 miles in length,
is the southernmost bay of this lake.

The “ridge road” or the shore line of ancient Lake Iroquois
passes across the map from both sides of the Genesee river in a
nearly east and west line, having a slight northerly trend. The
“ridge road,” while a conspicuous topographic feature, is not con-
fined to any particular rock formation and is not to be confused as
to its origin with the ridges or escarpments due to the erosion of the
northerly edges of the southerly dipping rocks of this region.

South from the “ridge road” the rocks of the Niagaran group are
spread over a considerable area, so that the rock terrace so well
developed in Niagara county, here finds expression in a much lower
one in which the rocks of Clinton age are chiefly concerned. This
terrace is best shown in the town of Greece along the line of the pres-
ent Erie canal. Southward the outcropping edge of the Lockport
dolomite rises in some localities above the general surface as a small
ledge, but is less conspicuous than the preceding one. At the ridge
or escarpment at Lewiston on the Niagara river, the Lockport dolo-

wr

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 7

mite forms the upper member and its outcropping edge is almost
directly above the Medina, as is shown in the nearly vertical section
exposed along the Niagara river at Lewiston. In the vicinity of
Rochester, however, the northern edge of the Lockport dolomite has
weathered back from the Medina for a distance which averages
more than a mile.

The outcrops of the geologic formations on this map extend in a
nearly east and west direction. Owing to the depth of the gorge,
the upstream deflection of the outcrops are well shown in the Genesee
river. Most interesting, however, is the southern V-shaped deflec-
tion of the rock outcrops, into which the southern end of Irondequoit
bay extends. On the basis of the rock geology alone, we have here
ample evidence of a valley far more ancient than that of the present
Genesee, which cuts through the same series of rocks but 5 miles
farther west.

A noteworthy feature and one which in no small degree has given
to the vicinity of Rochester its geological prominence, is the fact
that at two places and at but short distances apart, the rocks of the
Niagaran group have been cut through by the Genesee river and the
southerly extending streams tributary to Irondequoit bay, thus
exposing to view and making possible the fine sections specially well
shown aiong the Genesee. ;

The formations which are represented on the map all have a south-
east dip of about 80 feet per mile and belong to the Ontaric or Upper
Siluric system. Of the members comprising this system only the
basal portion of the.Medina is not represented in the region border-
ing on Lake Ontario. The southern portion of the map includes the
members of the Salina stage. The Cobleskill dolomite is found a
short distance south of-the limits of the map. The Rondout water-
lime and the Manlius limestone, the highest members of. the Siluric
system, are absent from this section of the State, thus making the
Cobleskill the only formation of the Siluric, as known in western
New York, that will not be represented on the map.

8 y NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The formations involved are as follows in descending order:
UNITS OF SEDIMENTATION
ERA OR PERIOD OR = AGE OR REPRESENTED IN COLOR
SYSTEM GROUP STAGE ON THE MAP
Bertie waterlime
Pac Camillus shale
Cayugan Salina Ic ernon shale
| Pittsford shale
Lockport dolomites with
| interbedded Guelph
: faunas
Ontaric LS Lockport dolomites
or _ Niagaran | hockror shale
Upper Siluric Irondequoit limestone
Williamson shale
Clinton Wolcott limestone ’
Furnaceville ore
| Sodus shale
See Medina (sand-
Oswegan Medina {+ stones and shales)
Li, ower Medina (shales)

Niagara

Sequence of events preceding the deposition of the rocks of the
Rochester area

Although the Medina is the lowest formation that is exposed in
western New York, well records have shown that we have the com-
plete older series as known in the Mohawk valley, around the south-
east border of the Adirondacks and in Canada.

The following table gives the order of succession of the rocks of
the Rochester region below the Ontaric or Upper Siluric as deter-
mined from well records.

ERA OR PERIOD OR AGE OR THICKNESS
SYSTEM GROUP STAGE IN FEET *
Ajit ; Lorraine beds }
Cincinnatian S : 8
| Utica shale f 59
Champlainic or Trenton limestone 4
Lower Siluric Mohawkian Black River limestone 954
Lowville limestone
Canadian Beekmantown dolomite 137
(Little Falls dolomite)
ambric or °
C S Saratogan Potsdam (?)
Taconic /
URINE cg Ne es 6.86 e858 8 6b 6 60 0.0.4 8 8s Bs Bee 3+

1692 +

1 Fairchild, H. L. Roch. Ac aa Sci. Proc. 1891. 1:184. There is some evidence indicating

the presence of the Potsdam. See 2:95, 102, 216, 217.

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 9

Toward the close of Lower Siluric time the land and seas were
becoming urstable. The culmination was finally reached with the
Taconic revolution! which began near the close of the Lorraine and
the great disturbance which followed resulted in the Green mountain
uplift. The results of this mountain building were of great import-
ance and affected the region from the St Lawrence to Alabama.

In New York the whole eastern portion of the State became land.
With the elevation of the land, folding and a planing down of the
surface began. ‘Thus in the sections where folding and erosion were
the most extensive, this planing down had the effect of bringing the
older formations to view. Much of these folded and eroded rocks
were included in the old term “Hudson River group,” formerly
supposed to be entirely above the Trenton, but which Dr Ruede-
mann? has shown includes beds which range in age from middle
Trenton to the close of the Lorraine.

The western effect of this uplift in New York seems not to have
extended farther than the east end of Lake Ontario, since in
this vicinity we have the Oswego sandstone which is the lowest
member of the Upper Siluric, following directly and in perfect
conformity to the Lorraine shales.3 The transition from the Lor-
raine beds to the Oswego sandstone is one of importance, for it
involves the question of.a possible equivalency herein to the Rich-
mond beds of Ohio and Indiana. These latter beds which are above
the Lorraine contain recurring Trenton fossils. The Oswego sand-
stone is almost nonfossiliferous and thus paleontological evidence
for correlation is wanting. Inthe light of our present knowledge it
seems best to regard the Richmond beds as deposited just as the
Taconic revolution was in progress and just after the Lorraine
deposits were brought to a close in eastern New York. These
changes of conditions were most marked in New York and under
their influence the Lorraine fauna disappears ; but farther west the
conditigns appear to have been favorable for the development of the
Richmond fauna. ;

rt See Ulrich & Schuchert. N.Y. State Paleontol. An. Rep’t. 1901. p. 646.

2 N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 42. 1gor. p. 567.

3 Geol. N. Y. 3d Dist. 1842. p. 61.

4 The question involving the equivalency of the Oswego sandstone and the Richmond beds,
as well as the system in which they belong, is one which requires considerations of such detail
that it can not be discussed within the scope of this paper. The Oswego sandstone is therefore
retained as a member of the Upper Siluric, although there is evidence which may show that all
of the Oswego and probably part of the Medina could with propriety be included with the Lower
Siluric.

10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

All the strata which are shown in the Rochester region were laid
down in the Mississippian sea, This sea in eastern New York was
limited by a barrier which separated the waters of the Atlantic from
those of the interior basin. As early as Medina time there was a
subsidence of the land at least along the western side of the barrier,
and as the Mississippian sea gradually transgressed toward the east,
the deposits from the Medina to the close of the Salina overlapped
the next older formation. ‘There was a slight uplift at the close of the
Clinton and the effects are noticeable in the central portion of the
State where the upper portion of the Niagaran does not overlap the
Clinton. Finally the Salina period was brought to a close by the sub-
mergence of the barrier to the east and we have once again the waters
of the Mississippian sea mingling with those of the Atlantic.

FORMATIONS
In ascending order

Medina formation. This formation takes its name from Medina,
N. Y. at which place an excellent section of the upper part is shown
along Oak Orchard creek. It will best serve our purpose to describe
the Medina of the Rochester region under two divisions.

Lower Medina shale, This division consists of an extensive series
of soft, red shales, with occasionally a small amount of interbedded
silicious material. The total thickness of the red shales is about 900
feet. The greater portion of the outcropping edge of the formation
is concealed beneath Lake Ontario so that only about 1oo feet are
shown within the limits of the map. Along the Oswego river these
shales are seen at numerous points. They are here more silicious
and follow the Oswego sandstone, the lowest member of the Upper
Siluric. The Oswego does not outcrop anywhere in western New
York, but from borings we know that it is present with a thickness
of about 85 feet. ;

The beds of this division are well shown in the gorge of the
Genesee river from below the lower falls nearly to Charlotte. The
rock as here exposed is made up of red arenaceous shales in which
occasionally are found thin beds of sandstone. From below the
lower falls the bed of the Genesee is entirely excavated in these red
shales. Upon exposure to the atmosphere, they break up into small
angular fragments, which in course of time disintegrate and form a
soft reddish soil, which often becomes covered with vegetation, At

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES Et

points where the rock is not too badly decomposed, there are some
times found white and green bleached bands usually occurring at
right angles to the bedding planes. Along the shore of Lake Ontario
some of tne harder beds may be seen. One such exposure is shown
at Windsor Beach and another at Forest Lawn.

Throughout the time of the deposition of these red shales, the
conditions were very unfavorable to the existence of life in these
waters, and there have been no fossils found in the beds.

Upper Medina sandstone and shale. ‘The passage from the lower to
the upper division of the Medina marks a change in the character of
sedimentation, brought about, in part, by a greater expansion of the
sea. This change was accompanied by a clearing of the waters and
the introduction of marine life. In central New York the lower divi-
sion extends as far east as the vicinity of Rome. The upper division
represented by about roo feet extends 40 miles farther east nearly
to Cherry Valley. To the east of Oneida county, this upper division
has usually been referred to the Oneida conglomerate. This con-
glomerate has generally been correlated with the lower division of
the Medina and considered as the stratigraphic equivalent of the
Oswego sandstone. Since, however, this conglomerate forms the
overlapping eastward extension of the Medina, it can only represent
tie Upper part. From the close proximity of the Oneida to the
Clinton wherever the conglomerate is found, and from the preserice
of the fossil Fucoides harlanji, whichis restricted to the upper
Medina, the Oneida conglomerate is here considered a local facies
of the upper Medina. In passing west from Oneida county, the
upper Medina becomes less conglomeratic, though in the Rochester
section pebbies are found in some of the upper layers. West from
Rochester and in the Niagara region, the lower division is followed
by about 25 feet of gray quartzose sandstone. This layer contains
the remains of Lingula cuneata which is also found in the
upper Medina at Rochester. This sandstone appears to correspond
approximately to the base of the Medina of the eastern sections,
both occurring at a little more than 100 feet below the base of the
Llinton. In the Niagara region this sandstone is followed by a
series of shales and thin-bedded sandstones. The shales are similar
to those of the lower Medina and indicate a temporary return to
conditions of sedimentation similar to those which prevailed during
lower Medina time. The uppermost stratum of the Medina is

I2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

marked throughout western New York by a band of gray sandstone
which at Rochester is 5 feet thick. This upper stratum has long

‘

been referred to as the “ gray band” of the Medina.

In the Rochester region the changes so well marked to the east
and the west are not well shown and the red color of the rock is
retained up to the “gray band.” In the Genesee gorge the upper
division of the Medina comprises a series of sandstones with some
interbedded shaly material. The harder projecting beds of sand-
stones are shown in the cliffs at the lower falls.

The thickness which may with certainty be ascribed to the upper
division is about 60 feet, but on the basis of the adjoining sections
the whole distance represented by the hight of the falls, which is 96
feet, should be included in the upper division.

The sandstones at the top of the Medina often show ripple marks
and a cross lamination which makes the rock appear to be inclined.
These are both indicative of shallow-water conditions at the time of
deposition.

Fossils are not numerous in the upper Medina at Rochester.
Fucoides harlani Hall (~Arthrophycus alleghani-
ensis Harlan) is the most interesting and occurs in the layers

below the “

gray band.” . It is an abundant fossil and has a wide dis~
tribution in the upper Medina, to which it appears to be confined and
thus serves as an excellent horizon marker. It is known from the
Medina of Pennsylvania and Virginia. Though usually regarded as
a marine plant it has recently been shown by C. J. Sarle! to be of

burrow origin and probably Annelidan.,
‘

‘ gray
band,” which is excellently shown at the lower falls, where this gray
layer shows in marked contrast between the Clinton shales above and

The closing phase of Medina time is represented by the

the red Medina below.

The sandstones of the upper Medina are of great economic import-
ance. The excellent quality of this stone for structural and street
work has given it a wide reputation. All the sandstone quarries
between the Genesee and the Niagara rivers are in the upper division
of the Medina. }

Clinton formation. This series of rocks follows directly above
the Medina. The name is from the village of Clinton in central
New York where these beds attain a thickness of about 175 feet.

1 Roch, Acad. Sci. Proc. 1906. 4: 203.

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 13

The Clinton in this section is made up of a rather complex series of
limestones, shales, sandstones, and beds of iron ore. On account of
the variable nature of this formation, it was termed by Vanuxem
the “ Protean group.” ‘The maximum thickness is in the vicinity of
Clinton and from this point the formation thins both to the east and
the west. In Wayne and Monroe counties, five distinct divisions
can be recognized. The section of the Clinton rocks as exposed in
the Genesee gorge is complete, every foot of the formation being
accessible. On account of the fine sections shown at Rochester and
farther east in Wayne county, it has. been deemed advisable to
describe the different units of sedimentation under distinct names.
This it is hoped will in the future be an aid in the attempt to work
out the relation between the Clinton of central and western New York.

The names of the subdivisions of the Clinton beginning with
the lowest are as follows: (1) Sodus shale; (2) Furnaceville iron
ore; (3) Wolcott limestone; (4) Williamson shale; (5) Irondequoit
limestone.

Sodus shale. This is a bright green shale and at Rochester it is 24
feet thick. The name is from the town of Sodus in Wayne county
where this division is well shown in the vicinity of Sodus bay. This
shale succeeds the Medina abruptly. It appears to be much thinner
at some points in Wayne county than at Rochester, but thins in
going west, and at Niagara it is but 6 feet thick. The shale is quite
soft, splits into very thin layers and is easily broken up, and
when exposed to the atmosphere changes into a greenish, claylike
material. The shale of the lower division is very unctuous and may
be distinguished from the upper shale by its more uniform color, the
absence of limestone bands and by the almost complete absence of
fossils. The few fossils that do occur are mostly so called fucoids
which remain attached to the lower side of the firmer bands of rock
when the latter are removed. A number of imperfectly preserved
brachiopods are also found.

The best exposure of this rock is in the gorge between the lower
and middle falls of the Genesee. It is well shown for a considerable
distance along the gorge where it is seen to rest upon the “ gray band”’
of the Medina. Another readily accessible exposure is along Dens-
more creek? at which place fucoids may be obtained.

1 It is probable that sewer excavations now in progress along Densmore creek, will destroy
the section which at present is favorable for the study of the lower Clinton.

14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Furnaceville tron ore. Yhe name of this bed is from Furnaceville
in Wayne county, near which place the ore has been worked for many
years, The ores of the Clinton’ have a very wide areal distribution
and have various names applied to them, as oolitic, lenticular and
fossil ores. In structure the ore varies in different sections. At
Rochester there is a replacement of fossils, such as crinoids and
bryozoans. In addition there is a considerable number of spherules,
each made up of a nucleus of silica surrounded by a number of thin
concentric coats of ferric oxid and silica. The ore at Rochester is
strictly a fossil ore, but owing to the presence of lenticular shaped
spherules, it may be referred to as lenticular or oolitic ore. The
ore is hematite or the sesquioxid of iron (Fe, O;). On account of
the earthy texture of this ore, it is always red in color.

In the vicinity of Clinton, N. Y. there are three distinct beds of
these ores. In passing west, the upper beds fail and the remaining
one shown m the Rochester section is 14 inches thick. This ore bed
can not extend far west of Rochester, for here is the last known
exposure and at Niagara Falls the bed does not exist.

The ores of the Clinton group are of great economic importance
and beds as thin as 22 inches are at present being profitably
worked. In New York the iron is mined at Ontario, Wayne county,
Sterling Station, Cayuga county, and near Utica in the town of
Kirkland.

Wolcott limestone. ‘This limestone has been traced from the Niagara
river eastward to Cayuga county. It undoubtedly extends farther
east, but on account of. poor exposures and probable change in litho-
logic features and faunal contents, it has not been recognized. This
limestone is named from Wolcott in Wayne county, from which point
west to beyond the Genesee the large brachiopod Pentamerus
oblongus is very characteristic of the division: and on this
account it was formerly called the Pentamerus limestone. This
fossil becomes less abundant in going west from Rochester and
at Niagara it is not found though farther west in Ohio and Indiana
‘t occurs in the Clinton strata and again higher up in the Guelph
limestone.

At Rochester this limestone is 14 feet thick. It is well shown at
the middle falls, of which it forms the crest. Loose fragments of the -

1 See Smythe, G. H. jr. Am. Jour. Sci. 1892. 43: 487.

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 15

limestone are often found made up largely of the fossil Pentamerus
and fragments of crinoids.

The Wolcott limestone has the appearance of a crystalline lime-
stone, and on account of its power to resist heat it has been used as
a firestone for chimneys, hearths etc.

Associated with it are a number of minerals, some of which
are found in cavities in the rock and sometimes in geodes. Of
these, gypsum, barite, chalcopyrite, malachite and several varieties
of quartz, including chalcedony and carnelian, are the more
numerous.

Williamson shale. This division is well developed in Wayne and
Monroe counties. West from Monroe the formation is less developed
and on the Niagara river it 1s not found, the Irondequoit limestone
resting directly upon the Wolcott limestone. As the Furnaceville
ore is-also absent we have but three of the five divisions of the
Clinton represented at Niagara.

The Williamson shale is 24 feet thick at Rochester and like the
other divisions of the Clinton, it is best shown in the gorge of the
Genesee. The shale is shown in both banks of this river, above
the middle falls and extending north from the lower falls in the sides
of the gorge.

As it occupies a position between two lmestones it appears in a
marked contrast where the total thickness is shown.

When the position of this shale is not indicated by the presence of
the limestones either above or below, it is likely to be confused with
the Sodus shale, specially when the outcrops have been badly weath-
ered. The Williamson shale may, however, in most cases, be distin-
guished from the Sodus shale as below indicated. The Williamson
shale is not of so uniform green color and interbedded in it is a
number of purple bands. The mass as a whole is very fossiliferous
and in it are found two or three thin bands of pearly limestone.
These limestone bands are made up of closely crowded shells of
Anoplotheca hemispherica, to which they owe their pearly
luster. These limestones often project from the shale and form
small ledges. Interbedded in this formation there are also found
some very dark thin shales containing graptolites in great profusion.
It is of interest to note here that in New York this bed of graptolites
marks the highest horizon at which they are known to exist in

16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

abundance. Other species occur in the Rochester shale and a few
species extend into the Devonic. ‘The group however reaches its
culmination in the lower formations of the State and when found
they are nearly always seen to occur in thin black bands of shale
similar to that of the Clinton,

The graptolite shales are well shown in Palmer's glen near Brighton.
Here the shales appear well down in the glen where the two streams
unite. Loose fragments of dark shale covered with graptolites may
be found in the stream bed, while the bank of the stream affords a
very favorable place for collecting.

Trondequott limestone. This limestone constitutes the highest mem-
ber of the Clinton group in this section. The name is from the town
of Irondequoit, which lies between Irondequoit bay and the Genesee
river.

The limestone rests directly on the Williamson shale, and its
numerous layers of limestone are separated by bands of shale of
various thickness. In the lower portion of the formation, the shale
is similar to the green shale of the Williamson member, but in the
upper part the shale is gray and resembles that of the Rochester
formation. Some of the layers of limestone show a crystalline struc-
ture, the rock being made up largely of the broken remains of corals,
crinoids and various shells. The limestone is quite variable in com-
position, and from the presence of iron pyrites it is often stained
with iron as a result of the decomposition of the pyrites.

Of special interest is the occurrence of numerous reeflike struc-
tures at the top of this limestone. These are mostly lenticular in
shape and several are found in the outcrops on the Genesee river.
These structures are very numerous and can be observed at many
points where the Irondequoit limestones outcrop, from Wayne
county to the Niagara river. '

A special study of these reef structures has been made by C., J.
Sarle,t who has shown that they consist mainly of masses of. bryo-
zoans which are still in position as when formed. The rapid growth
of these masses is indicated by the fact that in some cases they more
than kept pace with the accumulating sediment and the mass rises
above the general level. The growth of these masses finally ceased

1 Amer. Geol, Nov. 1gor, p. 282. See adso Clarke. N.Y. State Paleontol. An, Rep’t. <goz.
p. 428-31.

eS ———— Ewe a ee” he

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 17

with the increasing amount of silt beginning with the deposition
of the Rochester shale. The arching of the Rochester shale
over some of these masses forms a conspicuous feature of these
structures.

In the Genesee gorge these reefs may be observed at the base
of the Rochester shale, not far above the water level, just above
the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad bridge. ‘These are
the most accessible for examination, though others are found along
the gorge and in Palmer’s glen. These structures were very favor-
able for the existence of other forms of life. Specially is this true
of those which in their larval and later form had a fixed mode of
life. For such, these reeflike structures offered an excellent place
for attachment.

The number of species already recorded from these reefs is more
than too. Some species occur in large numbers, as for example the
brachiopod Whitfieldella nitida and the trilobite Illae-
nus ioxus. This trilobite is usually not found complete, but
multitudes of cephalic and caudal shields are found closely packed
together. Other common forms include Atrypa reticularis,
eaieeberoecchia neglecta, Sipirifer crispus, Lep-
taena rhomboidalis and. Calymmene niagarensis.
The affinities of the fauna of the Irondequoit hmestone and specially
of the lenses, show a close connection with the fauna of the Roches-
ter shale. |

Niagara formation. Rochester shale. The term Rochester shale
was first used by Hall in 1838. Since that time the term Niagara
shale has been frequently applied to this formation, but in the
revised nomenclature of the New York rock series by Clarke and
Schuchert, the term Rochester shale was revived with its original
significance.

Along the Genesee river this formation forms the top of the gorge,
from north of Driving Park bridge, nearly to the upper falls where
a few feet of the lower part of the Lockport dolomite are shown.
With the exception of these few feet of dolomite at the crest, the
whole vertical hight of the falls is made up of Rochestershale. The
river bed from below the falls to just below the Vincent street
bridge, where the Irondequoit limestone shows, is excavated in this
shale.

18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The shale is shown at numerous localities about Rochester and
i. excavating in the north part of the city the shale is often
encountered. It may also be observed near the canal in the
town of Greece and in several of the ravines leading to Irondequoit
bay.

The Rochester shale is known as far eastward as Oneida county,
and probably extends still farther east into Herkimer county where
a shale similar to it is found just below the concretionary layers of
the Lockport dolomite. It is well developed at Wolcott in Wayne
county where it is seen at the falls in the village. From here to the
Niagara river, it outcrops at many points. At Niagara it forms the
lower 80 feet of the falls escarpment. The Rochester formation has
a wide distribution in the interior of the United States where,
though the lithologic features have changed, it may be recognized
by the fossils.

In the Rochester region this shale is about 85 feet thick. It is of
quite a uniform dark blue color at the base and nearer the top it
becomes lighter in color, where the bands of limestone appear. The
shale as a whole is very evenly bedded and the layers vary but little
in hardness and as a result the faces of some of the shale cliffs are
very even. On exposure it changes to a lighter color. The upper
layers are hard and quite resistant and have been quarried for
foundation purposes. The lower part when freshly excavated
appears quite firm, but on exposure it checks rapidly and soon dis-
integrates into clay,

The Rochester shale is very rich in fossil remains. At the
base, fossils are not numerous, but a few feet above they become
abundant. Toward the top they again become less abundant, the
upper few feet being practically barren. Fossils may be obtained
along the gorge where is found much talus material. This is
often badly broken up, but fragments of the harder calcareous layers
are found with fossils in abundance. Excavations in the soft shales
often bring to view fine specimens, but if not immediately collected,
they will be destroyed through the disintegration of the mass which
quickly follows. The excavations for the new barge canal in the
town of Greece are at present in the Rochester shale and undoubtedly
large collections could be made at this point. The number of
species recorded is very large and the following list includes the
more common forms found in the Rochester region:

i i

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES

Enterolasma caliculus /ai/
Favosites constrictus /ad/
Cladopora seriata Hall
Chilotrypa ostiolata //a//
Subretepora dichotoma Hail
Fenestella elegans al/
Semicoscinium tenuiceps Hall
Polypora incepta Hall
Sagenella membranacea all
Dictyonema retiforme /al/
Inocaulis plumulosus Hal/
Eucalyptocrinus decorus PAzllips
Caryocrinus ornatus Say
Lingula lamellata Hal/
Pholidops squamiformis //a//
Dalmanella elegantula Dalman
Rhipidomella hybrida Sowerdy
Orthis flabellites Hal
Orthostrophia fasciata Hadl/
Plectambonitestransversalis Wahlenberg
Leptaena rhomboidalis Wahlenberg
Orthothetes subplanus Conrad
Spirifer sulcatus Aisinger

19

S. crispus //isinger

S. niagarensis Conrad

S. radiatus Sowerby
Whitfieldella nitida all
Atrypa reticularis Linné
Camarotoechia neglecta (ail
Dictyonella corallifera Hall
Pterinea emacerata Conrad

P. undata Hall

Lyriopecten (?) orbiculatus Had?
Diaphorostoma niagarense Had/
Gomphoceras sp.

Orthoceras imbricatum Sowerby
O. virgatum Sowerby

O. annulatum Sowerby
Cyrtoceras subcancellatum Hall
Conularia niagarensis Hal/
Calymmene niagarensis Hall
Illaenus ioxus Hall

Dalmanifes limulurus Greex
Ceraurus niagarensis //al/
Homalonotus delphinocephalus Green
Lichas boltoni Bigsby

Lockport dolomite. Following the deposition of the Rochester shale

and continuing until Salina time,
magnesian limestones or more properly dolomites.

there was laid down a series of
These beds as

early as 1838 were described by Hall under the term Lockport

limestone.

In western New York this series of dolomites is characterized by

the presence of two distinct faunas, which though subject to

variation in species combinations may still be referred to as alter-

nating or recurring.

While similar conditions exist at Rochester, the section which
most clearly illustrates these relations is at Shelby in Orleans county.
At this locality, Clarke and Ruedemann! have constructed the follow-

ing section:

IN. Y.-State Mus. Mem.5. 1903. p. 12.

20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

8-10" 7 2d Guelph fauna; upper Shelby dolomite

24’ | 6

Lockport dolomites

el

1st Guelph fauna; lower Shelby dolomite

60’

|

4
ai
2 enane dolomites largely covered
: |

—_—_—

I Rochester shale

Immediately above the Rochester shale, there are 62 feet of Lock-
port dolomite with its characteristic fauna. Then in the next 3
feet is the first appearance of the Guelph fauna. This is succeeded
by 32 feet of Lockport dolomite with its characteristic fauna and
finally above this, in the 8 to 10 feet of dolomite, is the second
appearance of the Guelph fauna. The dolomite containing the
upper Guelph fauna completes the section at Shelby, the interval
to the Pittsford shale not being shown. ;

In Monroe county the Salina appears to follow just above the last
appearance of the Guelph fauna as there known. It should be

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 21

stated, however, that the closing stages of the dolomite period in
western New York were extremely complex, and we are not in a
position to say positively that everywhere in New York State the
upper Guelph fauna terminates this series.

In the excavations made at Dufferin islands at Niagara Falls, the
section which was temporarily exposed showed a fauna that
included both Lockport and Guelph species. As this horizon is
above the crest of the falls, it represents a higher horizon than
the upper Guelph, as determined along the Niagara gorge and at
Shelby. Above this exposure at the falls there are at least 4o feet
before the Salina series appears. In the type section for the Guelph
in Canada, it is considered as following the Lockport and is there
regarded both asa faunistic and lithologic element in the succession
of Siluric rocks.

Of the two Guelph beds at Shelby, it is of importance to note

that the fauna of the lower is of the purer Guelph type, while

im the Upper the presence of Lockport species is much more
pronounced.

The 32 feet of dolomites separating these two faunas are quite free
from Guelph fossils, the species found being all of the Lockport
type. At Rochester it is the upper Guelph fauna that appears in
greatest force and its admixture and complication with the Lockport
fauna is very noticeable. |

In regard to the Lockport and Guelph faunas, it should be stated
that the former represents the normal or indigene fauna, which is
the immediate successor of, and derivative from. the Rochester shale
fauna. The Guelph fauna on the other hand is not to be considered
as derived from the Lockport and Rochester shale faunas as pre-
sented in the strata which immediately precede the first appearance
of the Guelph fauna. It is, therefore, in the New York province to
be regarded as an alien fauna which invaded this section of the
State from the west and temporarily displaced the normal or Lock-
port fauna. The peculiar conditions which brought about the intro-
duction of the Guelph fauna into the Lockport sediments will be
stated later.

On the map the lower portion of the Lockport dolomites which
is free from the Guelph species we have designated simply as Lock
port dolomites and the upper portion as Lockport dolomite with
interbedded Guelph faunas. .

22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The lower part of the Lockport is well shown at the crest of the
apper falls at Rochester, at the quarries on Goodman street and at
the culvert where the main line of the New York Central Railroad
crosses Allen creek.

The change from the Rochester shale is a very gradual one. This
transition is accompanied by change in color of the rock as may be
observed from the Platt street bridge. It will be observed that the
more massive layers which form the crest of the falls extend for a
distance at the top of the gorge on both sides of the river. The
admixture of the clayey material in these basal layers of the Lock-
port give it the chemical composition of a natural hydraulic
cement. These layers, however, have been used but little for
cement purposes.

Some of the upper layers which form the crest of the falls contain
a number of crinoid stems, some of which measure 18 inches in
length. Farther west in Monroe county these crinoids become
more numerous and at Lockport they occur in such abundance
that the layer containing them has been designated the “ crinoidal
limestone.” |

The quarries on Goodman street show the transition beds to the
best advantage. Portions of the quarries extend down into the
Rochester shale. At the bottom of these quarries native sulfur is
found on some of the dark layers of the Rochester formation. A
fine sulfur spring was encountered in excavating in this formation
for the barge canal in the town of Greece. Some of the basal layers
of the Lockport are’separated by thin layers of shale and are very
irregular in their stratification. Cross-bedding is very characteristic
of many of the lower portions which present an appearance of sand-
stone. It may be shown, however, that most of the grains consist
of small particles of dolomite.

The two sections which show the Lockport dolomites to the best
advantage are along the Genesee river from the upper falls to the
rapids near South park and along Allen creek, 3 miles southeast
from Rochester. The former section is about in the center of the
city of Rochester and except where obstructed by dams, nearly the
entire section can be examined at times of low water.

At Rochester the divisions of the Lockport dolomites, based
mainly on the lithologic character of the rock, were described by

Hall! as follows in desc ending order:

rGeol. N. Y. 4th Dist. 1843. p. 87.

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 23

5 Thin-bedded dark gray or brownish limestones. Few cavities.
Highly bituminous. Sometimes contains nodules of hornstone.

4 Thick-bedded dark or bluish gray limestone with irregular cavi-
ties, and often silicious accretions, or hornstone. Surface very
ragged from weathering. Highly bituminous.

3 A lighter colored subcrystalline mass, very irregularly stratified,
contorted and concretionary.

2 A bluish gray subcrystalline mass, mostly thin-bedded, and
separated by seams of dark shale.

1 Gray or bluish gray silicious limestone ; hydraulic lmestone, or
beds of passage from the shale below.

The Allen creek section, while not a continuous one, is favorable
for examining the varying characters of this series. The lowest
exposure is seen just north from the culvert on the main line of the
New York Central Railroad. The outcrops along the creek and ats
the Corbett quarry well expose the lower layers of the dolomite.
The irregular bedding of some of the lower layers is well shown at
the quarry. This exposure continues through the culvert to the
south side of the railroad and then follows a covered interval of
about to feet. The next exposure is seen at Allen creek both above
and below the East avenue road. The rock is a very hard dolomite
containing a number of cavities. Corals, fragments of crinoids and
Pemepircodonta profunda have been obtained here.- After
another covered interval of about 20 feet, an exposure is seen just
below where the stream is crossed by the highway. The lower part
of the outcrop consists of evenly bedded dolomites, overlain by
darker rock containing much Stromatopora. About 2 feet of con-
cretionary layers are shown above the dark dolomite. Farther up
the stream are 1o feet of dark dolomites with corals, followed by 5
feet of hard thin-bedded layers and terminated above by 12 feet of
dark brown dolomite containing Stromatopora, Halysites and Favo-
sites. This is the highest exposure of the Lockport dolomite on
this creek. The next exposure above, which is just south of the road
leading to South Park, belongs to the Salina series.

The following is a condensed section along Allen creek, the
thickness of which, as in the above description, is taken from Clarke
and Ruedemann.t_ In ascending order:

FEET
I Basal beds of irregular bedded rough dolomites ...... Raat 20
Pee OvVeredy INtervale. of. assess Sic Fea ae ete Msi ors s. ote IO

wNoYeotate Mus; Mem, 5) 1903. p: 18.

24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

FEET
3 Hard, dark dolomites with cavities. Stropheodonta

profunda, crinoid fragments and corals are found. The
upper part of this exposure has the stratigraphic position of
the lower Shelby dolomite which contains Guelph fossils.. 25

Covered interval cade wekeGldwkic Oo atereed. Ure 20

.

§ Even bedded dolomitess..........ciscin vevcne.cesaecew ene
6 Dark dolomites with Stromatopora....0.ecesescccas see DR
7 Fine, hard, thim-beddeddelomité.....5...:...0s.050ss0 eee
8. Dark-brown dolomite with Gorals... ss s:s+ ss sss% secs esau enn
g Covered interval. Probably represents upper Guelph hori-

BOT ss 's ofa 0.0 on ns Xe wale 6 > elec sla ai e.n, ecu oes wate iol etnies bain ee 15

Total thickness of Lockport series. ......>..«sa».+ + «see

The above section does not include a few feet at the base and at
the top of the section. However, the total thickness of the Lock-
port dolomites is not far from 130 feet.

The fauna of the Lockport dolomite exclusive of the Guelph species
is not an abundant one in the Rochester section, the more pro-
lific development being to the west in Orleans and Niagara counties.
Of about 40 species described by Hall, less than ro are mentioned as
occurring in Monroe county.

The total number of Guelph species at present known in
New York is 71. Species to the number of 52 are recorded from
Rochester and of these 17 species are common to the Niagaran fauna
of New York. Most of the species from Rochester are found in
white chert nodules which occur in the upper part of the dolo-
mites. The Nellis quarry was formerly the source of a number of
these nodules, but as the quarry is now filled they can no longer be
obtained.

In excavating for the new West High School building, which-is but
a few rods from the Nellis quarry, a considerable amount of material
was taken out which yielded a number of the nodules with finely
preserved fossils. From these excavations there were also obtained
a number Of fine crystallized specimens of dolomite, calcite, fluorite,
gypsum and galena. Aside from the fossils in these nodules,
Guelph species are quite rare in the dolomites. Occasionally, how-
ever, specimens are found lower than the chert-bearing dolomites as
known in the vicinity of the high school building.

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 25

feethe= Lanner quarry Poleumita scamnata <has been
found and several specimens of this species were obtained from the
Trabold quarry, a few miles west of Rochester. It appears quite
probable that we have other earlier manifestations of the Guelph
fauna in the vicinity of Rochester and that patient search may
reveal the presence of additional species that would bear some
relation to the lower Shelby fauna.

Scattered over the surface of the country about Rochester, are a
number of Lockport boulders which weather brown, and contain
cavities which give the rock a very scraggy appearance. Occasion-
ally on some of these boulders fossils are found standing out in
relief. On breaking the rock, the glistening surface and petroleum
odor are very noticeable.

The physical conditions during late Lockport time are of special
interest for they involve the last of the true marine deposits of
Siluric time, and throw much light on the presence of the Guelph
fauna in the dolomites, as well as accounting for the high magnesian
content of the rock. We must conceive of a shallowing Lockport
sea, gradually becoming more inclosed. This was accompanied
by an increase in the saline and magnesian content of the sea
water. Under these conditions coral reefs became very abundant
and favorable for the existence of life under new conditions and
environments. Clarke and Ruedemann! state that the chert-bearing
dolomite is highly magnesian, containing about 44% of magnesian
carbonate.

It shows no stratification, is usually dark and so bituminous that it
gives off a strong petroleum odor when fresh or when struck with
the hammer. It is for the most part granular, though compact and
contains numerous white silicious concretions in which the fossils
are preserved. We may note that the admixture of bituminous mat-
ter in these Guelph dolomites is a further indication of their coral
reef origin, or is at least in harmony with recent observations on
living coral reefs where petroleum has been found in process of
formation as a result of the transformation of the organic matter of
the reef. The cavernous character of the dolomite may, according
to the views of Walther and others, be regarded not as the result of
subsequent corrosion, but as the remnants of original cavities in the
growing reef which have not been closed up with coral sand.

The chert concretions which are characteristic of the upper

Guelph horizon at Rochester and Shelby are doubtless a by-product
of the diagenesis which altered the coral lime rock to a dolomite.

EN. Y, State Mus, Mem. 5: 1903. p. 115, 116.

26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

These nodules contain fossils with their exterior ornament finely
retained, that is, replaced in amorphous silica, while in the dolomite
the shell substance has been removed and never replaced. The
source of the silica here, as in the like segregations associated
with limestone, is probably to be found in the spicules of sponges.

It will thus be seen that with the increasing salinity, the Lock-
port fauna gave way to the Guelph fauna. At first this condition
was only temporary and the Lockport fauna under normal con-
ditions once more establishes itself, but is finally displaced by
the Guelph. fauna which in turn disappears with the formation of the
Salina sea.

The Guelph fauna as a whole presents two distinct types of
Structure, in that the shells are either large and heavy-shelled or
small and thin-shelled. The first of these may be regarded as liy-
ing on the exposed edges of the coral reefs and the second in the
sheltered places among the coral reefs. It may also be stated that
the Lockport and Rochestér forms found in the Guelph mostly
belong to the smaller type.

The following is a list of Guelph? species which have been found
in the vicinity of Rochester. Those marked with an asterisk are.
also found lower in the Niagaran of New York. *

Corals
Zaphrentis cf. racinensis Whitfield *F. gothlandicus Lambe
*Enterolasma cf. caliculus Ha// F. forbesi Edwards & Haime
* Diplophyllum caespitosum Hal? * Halysites catenularius Zinné
Heliophyllum s. *H. agglomeratus Ha//
*Favosites niagarensis Ha// Stromatopora galtensis Dawson
F, hisingeri Edwards & Haime Clathrodictyum ostiolatum icholson
Brachiopods
Crania sf. C. ? indianensis Ha//
*Dalmanella cf. elegantula Dalman *Spirifer crispus HWisinger

*Rhipidomella cf. hybrida Sowerby *Whitfieldella nitida Hai/
*Camarotoechia? neglecta Hal/

Pelecypods
Mytilarca eduliformis Clarke & Ruede- Pterinea subplana Hall
mann Conocardium sf.
Gastropods
Trematonotus alpheus Ha// Poleumita scamnata Clarke & Ruede-
Diaphorostoma niagarense //a// mann

—e —— — —_——

r All the species of the Guelph of New York have been described and illustrated by Clarke
anc Ruedemann in Memoir 5 of the New York State Museum.

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 27

P. sulcata “Hall Hormotoma whiteavesi Clarke & Ruede-
P. crenulata Whiteaves mann
Eotomaria durhamensis Whiteaves Coelidium macrospira //al/
E. areyi Clarke & Ruedemann C. cf. vitellia Azllings
E. kayseri Clarke ©@Ruedemann Macrochilina sf.
Lophospira bispiralis Hall Euomphalus fairchildi Clarke & Rueden
mann
Cephalopods

Orthoceras trusitum Clarke & Ruede- Cyrtoceras cf. brevicorne Hall
mann C. bovinum Clarke & Ruedemann

* Dawsonoceras annulatum var. ameri- Trochoceras desplainense McChesney

canum foord (var.) Poterioceras sauridens Clarke & Ruede-
* Kionoceras darwini Slings mann
K. cf. medullare Hall Phragmoceras parvum Hall & Whit-
Cyrtoceras arcticameratum /ad/ field
C. orodes Billings

Vermes
*Cornulites arcuatus Conrad
: Crustacea

Leperditia balthica var. guelphica *Calymmene niagarensis Hal’

Jones Proetus sf.
L. sf.

Salina formation. This term was introduced by Dana and is
used in place of the older name “Onondaga salt group.” In central
and western New York, the Salina outcrops in a broad belt 5 to 20
miles wide. The formation thins out entirely in Albany county,
where the upper part overlaps the Champlainic or Lower Siluric
strata. To the west it has been traced as far as Georgian bay in
Ganada. The maximum thickness of the formation is 1200 feet
in Wayne and Cayuga counties and thins both to the east and to
the west of this section.

In the vicinity of Rochester, the entire thickness is about 600 feet
and at Buffalo, 450 feet. From the soft nature of the rocks of this
formation, no conspicuous ledges are anywhere to be seen and in a
large degree the formation has been so covered by glacial drift that
“outcrops are rare. In western New York, the rocks all have a south-
erly dip, and as the soft Salina shales occupy a position between the
hard rocks of the Lockport and Onondaga formations, the drainage
is often seriously affected, specially where there is but a’small amount
of glacial drift. Eastward from the Rochester region, the Salina
strata are covered by a large number of drumlins and the swamps

28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

which occur are of limited area and as a rule are found in the depres-
sions between the drumlins. Westward from Rochester, on the other
hand, the drumlin area has a much more limited extent and large
portions of the Salina shales, and the Lockport dolomites, where
those shales have been removed, are covered by the Tonawanda and
Oak Orchard swamps. The surplus water of this swampy area is
carried away by Tonawanda creek, which empties into the Niagara
river ; Oak Orchard and Sandy creeks which empty into Lake Onta-
rio; and Black creek which empties into the Genesee at Genesee
Junction, It may here be stated that the drainage of the Salina area
west of the Oswego river is mainly in an east or a west direction and
that of all the streams flowing into Lake Ontario, between the
Oswego and Niagara rivers, the Genesee and the Irondequoit are
the only ones that cut through all the Siluric rocks of this region and
thus provide drainage for all of the Salina area found within the
limits of the map. The limited swamp areas which exist are, one in
the vicinity of Brookdale in the town of Chili, and the other in the
depressions of the Mendon hills. Another small swamp or peat
marsh found in one of the depressions of the Pinnacle hills, has been
described by Fairchild and Barnum.'

The Salina beds include four distinct stratigraphic units recog-
nizable here and in sections of central New York. In ascending
order these are: (1) Pittsford shale; (2) Vernon shale; (3) Camillus
shale; (4) Bertie waterlime. .

Pittsford shale. This shale is the lowest member of the Salina
series. The name is from the town of Pittsford a few miles southeast
from Rochester. This formation and the Bertie waterlime which
marks the upper limit of the Salina are both characterized by a
eurypterid fauna and thus the limit of the Salina is determined by
the paleontologic-as well as by the stratigraphic relations. This shale
is anewly recognized element in the Salina series. I. P. Bishop? men-
tions a locality on Grand island in the Niagara river where a black
shale is exposed at or near the bottom of the Salina. No fossils are
mentioned from the Grand island locality. The credit for finding
this shale and its contained fauna at Pittsford is due to C. a3
Sarle.3 The only other locality where a shale is known which may

t Roch. Acad. Sci Proc. 1 yOO, 3: 20I-4.
2N.Y. State Geol. r5th An. Rep’t. 1895. p. 31%.
3N. Y. State Paleontol. An. Rep’t. rgo2. p. 1080,

=e". ~—T--

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 29

be referred to the Pittsford, is in one of the south branches of Moyer
creek, a few miles southwest from Frankfort, Herkimer county.!
At this locality there are 15 feet of dark olive shale exposed directly
above the concretionary layers of the Lockport dolomite. The only
fossil from this locality is a small Lingula which occurs quite abun-
dantly. It is possible that further search will reveal at this locality
other species. Above the shale exposed along the south branch
of Moyer creek the Vernon shales are excellently exposed, and
in some places the dark shales are coated with the red material
from above.

At Pittsford these dark shales have been obtained only from exca-
vations made along the Erie canal. Their thickness here is about
20 feet. They consist of thin layers of black and green mottled
shale with some thin layers of hard dolomite. The eurypterids are
found almost exclusively in the dark shale; the most common forms
in the dolomite are a Pterinea and a species of Leperditia.

The most interesting species among the crustaceans is the eyeless
(ime semadoniscus roosevelti,? described by Clarke and
the new genus Hughmilleria3 described by Sarle. The genus
Hughmilleria is a connecting link between FPterygotus and
Kurypterus and according to Sarle is more closely related to
Pie ckOrmier. °

The fauna of the Pittsford shale bears but lttle relation to either
the Lockport or Guelph fauna which preceded it. It is not to be
considered as derivative from the above faunas, but represents an
element quite distinct. As before noted the Guelph fauna was the
outcome of peculiar physical conditions, so the Pittsford fauna rep-
resents a still more contracted and shallow sea with increase of
salinity. This increase in salinity which marks the introduction of
the Salina, finally had the effect of displacing the Pittsford fauna.
From this time onward, throughout the greater part of Salina time,
this sea was practically lifeless,tand it is interesting to note that a
eurypterid fauna which was the last to survive in the Pittsford shale,

1 Since the above was written a eurypterid fauna having close affinities with the Pittsford,
has been found in the thin intercalated black shales of the Shawangunk conglomerate of eastern
New York.

2N.Y. State Paleontol. An. Rep’t. 1900. p. 8a.

3N. Y. State Paleontol. An. Rep’t. 1902. p.1o0o9z.

4A species of Leperditia (L. cf. scalaris), and a form of Meristella are known from the
Camillus shale. :

7

30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM q

was also the first to appear in the Bertie waterlime which marks the
close of the Salina.
The following species have been obtained from the Pittsford shale:

Favosites sf. Pseudoniscus roosevelti Clarke
Orthothetes cf. interstriatus Had/ Hughmilleria socialis Sarl
Pterinea cf. emacerata Conrad H. socialis var. robusta Sarl
Cephalopod sp, Eurypterus pittsfordensis Sarl
Ceratiocaris praecedens Clarke Pterygotus monroensis Sarl

Emmelezoe decora Clarke

Vernon and Camillus shales. On account of the thick covering of
drift material these formations could not be differentiated on the
map. The heavier shade of color for the former represents
approximately the relative position of this formation. ;

The Vernon red shales derive their name from the village of
Vernon in Oneida county. They have been recognized as far east
as Herkimer county and are well shown in many of the water
courses and on the hills south of the Mohawk valley and westward.
In color they are of a nearly uniform red, except for an occasional
thin band of light gray. In their western extension more of the thin
grayish bands appear. In a general way these shales resemble the
lower red shales of the Medina and this similarity gave no little
trouble to the early geologists. Likethe shales of the lower Medina
the Vernon shales are without fossils and salt springs are known in
both, indicating that the conditions of sedimentation during which
they were formed were similar. .

The absence of workable deposits of gypsum in the Vernon
shales is of some interest since it involves conditions which as yet
have not been explained. As these beds lie below the great salt
deposits of the Salina, it would be natural to assume that the
increasing concentration of the sea would have precipitated
gypsum before the more soluble salt. It is possible that the
gypsum may be disseminated in the great thickness of Vernon
shales which averages about 600 feet.

The Vernon shales are shown along the canal and adjacent to it
at Pittsford. Farther east they are well exposed between Pittsford
and Cartersville. Various shades of red and green of these shales
can be observed at these outcrops.

The great beds of rock salt occur just above the Vernon shales,

rSee N.Y. State Paleontol. An. Rep’t. 1902. p. 1158,

ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES ei

but in the Rochester section they have never been found. Whether
the edges of the salt beds extend as far north as the Rochester
region is not known. The beds occur a few miles south of this
region where several shafts and wells have penetrated the rock salt.
It must be remembered, however, that at the time of the deposition
of the salt the Salina sea was at its minimum extent and the salt
beds would be restricted to a much smaller area than the Vernon
shales which precede them, and hence. beds of rock salt may never
have extended over any of the Rochester area. Again the salt
beds if they ever extended far enough north to outcrop, must have
been almost completely dissolved by the action of surface and
percolating waters. The presence of salt,springs about the middle
of the outcrop of the Salina series, extending from Syracuse
westward is very suggestive of the former presence of rock salt
within this area. :

Camillus shale. These beds take their name from Camillus in
Onondaga county. They contain all the workable beds of gypsum
found within the State. They extend as far east as Albany county
and west beyond the limits of the State. Gypsum is mined and
quarried from this formation at many points from Buffalo to east of
Syracuse. West, just beyond the limits of the map, the gypsum is
mined at Wheatland. The most extensive beds of gypsum are at
the top of the formation and, at Union Springs, are 50 feet thick
including a few thin bands of shaly material.

The thickness of the Camillus shale varies considerably, but the
average thickness is about 300 feet. The formation includes a
number of thick layers of magnesian limestone. The shales are
quite soft and in color vary considerably. They include layers of
red and mottled shales, which alternate with gray and olive green
shales containing thin seams of gypsum. As before stated, the
eplyetossils noted from the Camillus shale are Leperditia
eebanis and a form of Meristella. These are found in the
magnesian limestones of this formation.

Bertie waterlime. This waterlime terminates the Salina series and
is the highest formation represented on the map. The term is from
Bertie, a town in Ontario, 12 miles west of Buffalo. The name was
long ago applied by Chapman to the Eurypterus-bearing water-
limes of that place. The formation is known to extend from
Canada as far east as Schoharie county and throughout this extent

32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the formation is characterized by the presence of this crustacean.
In the Hudson river valley about Rosendale, the lower waterlime
bed known as the Rosendale waterlime is found to occupy a
similar stratigraphic position, but herein no Eurypterus has been
found. The absence of these forms in the eastern section is
explained by the probability that between these two areas there
existed a land barrier, which prevented the migration from the
Salina sea lying west of the barrier,

The Bertie waterlime varies in thickness in different sections,
Sixty feet are recorded from Canada, but in some places in New
York only ro feet intervene between the gypsum beds and the
Cobleskill limestone which lies just above. The portion just below |
the Cobleskill is the part that is burned for hydraulic cement. The
hydraulic cement made in the vicinity of Buffalo and Akron is from
the Bertie. In Onondaga county considerable cement is made, but
from a higher horizon. The Bertie waterlime is also present in
Onondaga county, but it is not used to any extent for cement.

Owing to the heavy drift covering, no outcrops of the Bertie have
been observed within the region mapped. It is present, however, as
shown by the adjacent sections. Just west from the southern por-
tion of the map, this formation is found overlying the gypsum bed
in the town of Wheatland. Here it has its characteristic drab color
and occurs in thin layers. Some of the layers contain fragments of
Eurypterus and large numbers of Leperditia scalars are
found. Large hopper-shaped salt cavities also occur here.

One mile west from Fishers, just east of the map, the Bertie
waterlime is seen in the steep bank of the creek. A’ number of
fragments of Eurypterus were collected at this point.

The presence of an extensive eurypterid fauna in this formation
is indicative of physical conditions similar to those during which
the Pittsford fauna lived. The formation in Erie and Herkimer
counties is noted for the abundance and fine preservation of these
crustaceans, :

The Bertie marks the last stage of the Salina sea which was
brought to a close by the invasion of the Atlantic waters.

INDEX

Anoplotheca hemispherica, 15.

Area covered, 5.

Arey, A. L., acknowledgments to, 5.
Arthrophycus alleghaniensis, 12.
Atrypa reticularis, 17, I9.

Barnum, E. G., cited, 28.
Beekmantown dolomite, thickness, 8.
Bertie waterlime, 8, 28, 31-32.
Bishop, 1. P:, cited, 28.

Black creek, 28.

Black River iimestone, thickness, 8.

Calymmene niagarensis, 17, 10, 27.

Camarotoechia? indianensis, 26.
neglecta, 17, 19, 26.

Camillus shale, 8, 30-31.

Caryocrinus ornatus, 109.

Cephalopod sp., 30.

Ceratiocaris praecedens, 30.

Ceraurus niagarensis, 19.

Chadwick, G. H., acknowledgments
to; 5.

Chapman, E. J., cited, 31.

Chilotrypa ostiolata, Io.

Cladopora seriata, 19.

Clarke John M., cited, 16, 17, 10,
Pg OA 2520, 20:

Clathrodictyum ostiolatum, 26.

Clinton age, 6.

Clinton formation, 8; thickness, 12;
description, 12-17; ores, 14.

Cobleskill dolomite, 7.

Coelidium macrospira, 27.
Ga ewitellia, -27.

Conocardium sp., 26.

Conularia niagarensis, I9.

Coral réefs, 25.

Cornulites arcuates, 27.

Crania sp., 26.

Crinoidal limestone, 22.

Cyrtoceras arcticameratum, 27.
bovinum, 27.

Cyrtoceras (continued)
cf. brevicorne, 27.
orodes, 27.
subcancellatum, 109.

Dalmanella elegantula, 19, 26.

Dalmanites limulurus, Io.

Dana le Ds citeds27:

Dawsonoceras annulatum var. amer-
icanum, 27.

Densmore creek, 13.

Diaphorostoma niagarense, 10, 26.

Dictyonella corallifera, Io.

Dictyonema retiforme, Io.

Dip of formations, 7.

Diplophyllum caespitosum, 26.

Dufferin islands, excavations at, 21.

Eaton, Amos, cited, 5.
Emmelezoe decora, 30.
Enterolasma caliculus, 19, 26.
Eotomaria areyi, 27.
durhamensis, 27.
kayseri, 27.
Eucalyptocrinus decorus, 19.
Euomphalus fairchildi, 27.
Eurypterid fauna in Shawangunk
conglomerate, 20.
Eurypterus, 32.
pittsfordensis, 30.

Fairchild, H. L., acknowledgments
£0; 53 .cited,, 28:
Favosites, 23.
Sy, BO
constrictus, 19.
forbesi, 26.
gothlandicus, 26.
hisingeri, 26.
niagarensis, 26.
Fenestella elegans, 19.
Formations involved, 8; description,
10-32.

34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Fucoides harlani, 11, 12.
Furnaceville iron ore, 8, 14.

Gomphoceras s/., 109.

Gray band of the Medina, 12.

Greece, rock terrace, 6.

Guelph fauna, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26; in
Lockport dolomite, 8, 20, 25, 26;
list of species found in vicinity of
Rochester, 26-27.

Gypsum in Camillus shale, 31.

Hall, James, cited, 5, 17, 19, 22, 24.
Halysites, 23.

agglomeratus, 26.

catenularius, 26.
Heliophyllum sp., 26.
Hight of lowest area on map, 6.
Homalonotus delphinocephalus, 19.
Hormotoma whiteavesi, 27.
Hudson River group, 9.
Hughmilleria, 29.

socialis, 30.

var. robusta, 30.

Hydraulic cement made from Bertie

waterlime, 32.

Illaenus ioxus, 17, 19.
Inocaulis plumulosus, 19.
Irondequoit bay, 6, 7.
Irondequoit limestone,-8, 16-17.

Kionoceras darwini, 27.
cf. medullare, 27.

Latitude and longitude of region, 6.
Leperditia, 20.
Sp., 27.
balthica var. guelphica, 27.
scalaris, 31, 32.
Leptaena rhomboidalis, 17, 10.
Lewiston, Lockport dolomite, 6-7.
Lichas boltoni, 109.
Lingula, 29.
cuneata, II.
lamellata, ro.
Little Falls dolomite, thickness, 8.
Lockport dolomite, 6, 8, 17; descrip-
tion, 19-27; fauna, 24; Guelph

fauna, 8, 20, 25, 26; physical condi-
tions during late Lockport time,
25; thickness, 24.
Lophospira bispiralis, 27.
Lorraine shales, 9; thickness, 8.
Lowville limestone, thickness, 8.
Lyriopecten(?) orbiculatus, 19.

Macrochilina s/., 27.

Magnesian limestone
shale, 31.

Manlius limestone, 7.

Medina formation, 8; description, 10-
12; thickness, 10, 11; economic im-
portance, 12.

Meristella, 31.

Mississippian sea, strata laid down
in, 10.

Mountain building, 9.

Mytilarca eduliformis, 26.

in Camillus

Niagara formation, 8, 17-27.
Niagaran group, 6.

Oak Orchard creek, 28.
Oak Orchard swamp, 28.
Oneida conglomerate, IT.
Onondaga salt group, 27.
Orthis flabellites, 10.
Orthoceras annulatum, 19.
imbricatum, 19.
trusitum, 27.
virgatum, I9.
Orthostrophia fasciata, 19.
Orthothetes cf. interstriatus, 30.
subplanus, 19.
Oswego sandstone, 9; and Richmond
beds, equivalency, 9.
Outcrops, deflection, 7.

Pentamerus limestone, I4.
Pentamerus oblongus, 14.
Pholidops squamiformis, 19.
Phragmoceras parvum, 27.
Pittsford shale, 8, 28-30; fauna, 29,
30.
Plectambonites transversalis, 19.
Poleumita crenulata, 27.
scamnata, 25, 26.
sulcata, 27.

INDEX TO ROCHESTER AND ONTARIO BEACH QUADRANGLES 35

Polypora incepta, 19.
Poterioceras sauridens, 27.
Potsdam sandstone, thickness, 8.
Proetus sp., 27.
Protean group, 13.
Pseudoniscus roosevelti, 29, 30.
Pterinea, 20.

emacerata, 19, 30.

subplana, 26.

undata, I9.
Pterygotus monroensis, 30.

Reef structurés in Irondequoit lime-
stone, I6.

Rhipidomella hybrida, 109, 26.

Richmond beds, 9; and Oswego
sandstone, equivalency, 9.

Ridge road, 6.

Rochester, situation, 6;
dolomite, 7.

Rochester_ shale, 8,
18.

Rondout waterlime, 7.

Rosendale waterlime, 32.

Ruedemann, Rudolph, sue O10; 23-
24, 25-26.

Lockport

17-19; thickness,

Sagenella membranacea, Io.

Salina formation, description, 27-32;
thickness, 27.

Salina period, 7, Io.

Sandy creek, 28.

SanlewG@.. J. cited, 12) 16.-28; 20.

Schuchert, Charles, cited, 9, 17.

Semicoscinium tenuiceps, Io.

Sequence of events preceding deposi-
tion of rocks of Rochester area,
8-10.

Shawangunk SOR DuNEN Ey
rid fauna, 20.

Smythe: C.-He. jr. cite@: «14:

Sodus shale, 8, 13.

Spirifer crispus, 17, 19, 26.
niagarensis, I0.
radiatus, 19.
sulcatus, I9.

Stromatopora, 23, 24.
galtensis, 26.

Stropheodonta profunda, 23, 24.

Subretepora dichotoma, 19.

eurypte-

Taconic revolution, 0. .
Tonawanda creek, 28.
Tonawanda swamp, 28.
Trematonotus alpheus, 26.
Trenton limestone, thickness, 3.
Trochoceras desplainense, 27.

Wirich; Ee ©. cited; 9:
Utica shale, thickness, 8.

Vanuxem, Lardner, cited, 13.
Vernon shale, 8, 20, 30-31.

Walther, J., cited, 25.
Whitfieldella nitida, 17, 19, 26.
Williamson shale, 8, 15-16.
Wolcott limestone, 8, 14-15.

Zaphrentis cf. racinensis, 26.

Tt 7 .
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7 a . .

New York State Education Department
New York State Museum

Joun M. CLarxke, Director

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7-10 58, V.1 II-14 58, V.3 19-22 57, V.1, pt 2 8,9 57,V-2

Egs5,6 48,v.1 23 53, V.1 23,24 58, V.5 10,t1r 58,Vv.4
7 50, V.1 4 54, V.1 Bo 3 52, V.1 Ms1,2 56,V.4
8 53, V.2 5-7 on oe 4 Ba. v7%
9 54, V.2 8 Rey ox 5 55,V.1 Memoir
10 ell, 3). | 9 56, V3 6 56,vV.4 2 49,V.3
Ir EG. v2 ae) Cy A aie 83 2 7 Cy Mea 3,4 . Sav mam
12, 13 58, V/2 ¥Y, 2 (56,.¥.4 8 58, v.4 5,6 57, V-3

M 2 56, V.1 En 3 48, V.1 Ar= ‘xz Roly. Y 7 Ue ae
3 Sy, Vx, pbx 4-6 Sa, Vint

The figures in parenthesis in the following list indicate the bulletin’s number as a New
York State Museum bulletin.

Geology. Gr (14) Kemp, J. F. Geology of Moriah and Westport Town-
ships, Essex Co. N. Y., with notes on the iron mines. 38p. 7pl. 2 maps.
Sep. 1895. 106.

G2 (19) Merrill, F. J. H. Guide to the Study of the Geological Collections
of the New York State Museum. 162p. 119pl. map. Nov. 1898. [soc]

G3 Soe Kemp, J. F. Geology of the Lake Placid Region. 24p. rpl. map..

1898. 5c.
aD Woodworth, J. B. Pleistocene Geology of Nassau County and
Maes acls of Queens. 58p. il. gpl. map. Dec. 1901. 25¢.
Gs (56) Merrill, F. J. H. escription of the State Geologic Map of rgor.
42p, 2 maps, tab. Oct. 1902. toc.
G6 (77) Cushing, H. P. Geology of the ey of Little Falls, Herkimer
G7

G4 (

Co. g8p. il. r5pl.2 maps. Jan. 1905. 3
(83) Woodworth, J. B. Eton ieaees of the Mooers Quadrangle.
— 2spl. map. June ros.

G8 (84) —— Ancient Water Lev ae ‘of a Champlain and Hudson Valleys.
206p. r1pl. 18 maps. July 1905. 4

Go (95) Cushing, H. P. Geology of pee Northern Adirondack Region.

“(ob) 1spl. 3 maps. Sep. 1905. ~3oc.

Gio Ke ) Ogilvie, I. H. Geology of the Paradox Lake Quadrangle. 54p.

ay map, Dec. 1905. 306.

ae uae Fairchild, H. L. Glacial Waters in the Erie Basin. &8p. r4pl.
9 maps. Feb. 1907. Out of print.

G12 (107) Woodworth, J. B.; Hartnagel, C. A.; Whitlock, H. P.; Hudson,
i :.) Clarke T..Mes White, Dav id; Berkey, oy Geological Papers.
388p. ‘s6pl. map. May Ig07. go, ‘cloth.

Contents: Woodworth, J. B. Postglacial Faults of Eastern New York.

Hartnagel, C. A. Stratigraphic Relations of the Oneida Conglomerate.

—— Upper Siluric and Lower Devonic Formations of the Skunnemunk Mountain Region.
Whitlock, H. P. Minerals from Lyon Mountain, Clinton Co.

Hudson, G. H. On Some Pelmatozoa from the Chazy Limestone of New York.

Clarke, J. M. Some New Devonic Fossils.

—— An Interesting Style of Sand-filled Vein.

—— Eurypterus Shales of the Shawangunk Mountains in Eastern New York.

White, David. A Remarkable Fossil Tree Trunk from the Middle Devonic of New York.

Berkey, C. P. Structural and Stratigraphic Features of the Basal Gneisses of the
Highlands.

G13 (111) Fairchild, H. L. Drumlins of New York. 58p. 28pl. 19 maps.
July 1907. 35¢.

Later Glacial Waters in Central New York. Prepared.

Cushing, H. P. Geology of the Theresa Quadrangle. Jn preparation.

Ep log of the Long Lake Quadrangle. In press. .

Berkey, C p. Geology of the Highlands of the Hudson. In preparation.

Economic geology. Eg1 (3) Smock, J. C._ Building Stone in the State of

New York. 152 Mar. 1888. Out of print.

Eg2 (7) First etek on the Jron Mines and Iron Ore Districts in
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Eg3 (10) Building Stone in } ork. 210p. map, tab. Sep. 1890.
4oc.

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

Eg4 (11) Merrill, F. J. H. Salt and Gypsum Industries of New York. gap.
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Egs (12) Ries, Heinrich. Clay neeaiaet of New York. 174p. 2pl. map.
Mar. 1895. 306.

Eg6 (15) Merrill, F. J. H. Mineral Resources of New York. 2224p.
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Eg7 (17) —— Road Materials and Road Building in New York. 52p. r4pl.
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Eg8 (30) Orton, Edward. Petroleum and Natural Gas in New York. 136p.
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Ego (35) Ries, Heinrich. Clays of New York; their Properties and Uses.
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Egir (61) Dickinson, H. T. Quarries of Bluestone and other Sandstones
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’ Egi2 (85) Rafter, G. W. Hydrology of New York State. gozp. il. 44pl
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Egt3 (93) Newland, D. H. Mining and Quarry Industry of New York.
wap.) july.t905: 156, .

Eg1t4 (100) McCourt, W. E. Fire Tests of Some New York Building
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Egi5 (102) Newland, D.H. Mining and Quarry Industry of New York.
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Eg16 (112) Mining and Quarry Industry 1906. 82p. July 1907. 15¢.

Newland, D. H. & Hartnagel, C. A. The Sandstones of New York. In
preparation.

Mineralogy. Mr (4) Nason, F. L. Some New York Minerals and their
Localities. 2op. rpl. Aug. 1888. [roc]

M2 (58) Whitlock, H. P. Guide to the Mineralogic Collections of the New
Woerteotate Museum. x150p. il. zopl-11 models. Sep: 1902. 40¢.

M3 (70) —— New York Mineral Localities. trop. Sep. 1903. 200.

M4 (98) —— Contributions from the Mineralogic Laboratory. 38p. 7pl.
Wee KOS, 156.

Paleontology. Par (34) Cumings, E. R. Lower Silurian System of East-
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Igoo. I15¢.
Pa2 (39) Clarke, J. M.; Simpson, G. B. & Loomis, F. B. Paleontologic
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Contents: Clarke, J. M. A Remarkable Occurrence of Orthoceras in the Oneonta Beds of
the Chenango Valley, N. Y.
—— Paropsonema cryptophya; a Peculiar Echinoderm from the Intumescens-zone
(Portage Beds) of Western New York.
—— Dictyonine Hexactinellid Sponges from the Upper Devonic of New York.
—— The Water Biscuit of Squaw Island, Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.
Simpson,G. B. Preliminary Descriptions of New Genera of Paleozoic Rugose Corals.
Loomis, F. B. Siluric Fungi from Western New York.
Pa3 (42) Ruedemann, Rudolf. Hudson River Beds near Albany and their
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- Clarke, J. M. Limestones of Central and Western New York Interbedded with Bitumi-

nous Shales of the Marcellus Stage.

Wood, Elvira. Marcellus Limestones of Lancaster, Erie Co. N. Y.

Clarke, J. M. New Agelacrinites.

Ss Valueiof Amnigenia as an Indicator of Fresh-water Deposits during the Devonic of
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Pa6 (52) Clarke, J. M. Report of the State Paleontologist rg01. 28op. il.

ep map, 1 tab. — july, 1902. 40¢.

Pa7 (63) Stratigraphy of Canandaigua and Naples Quadrangles.
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Pa8 (65) —— Catalogue of Type Specimens of Paleozoic Fossils i in the New

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Pag (69) Report of the State Paleontologist 1902. 464p. 52pl. 8 maps.
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Paro (80) Report of the State Paleontologist 1903. 396p. 2opl. map.
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Parr (81) —— & Luther, D. D. Watkins and Elmira Quadrangles. 32p.
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Par2 (B2) Geologic Map of the Tully Quadrangle. 4op. map. Ap. 1905.
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Par3 (92) Grabau, A. W. Guide to the Geology and Paleontology of the
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Pars (99) Luther, D. D. Geology of the Buffalo jee ER 32p. map.
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Par6 (1or) Geology of the Penn Yan-Hammondsport Quadrangles.
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Par7 (114) Hartnagel, C. A. Geologic map of the Rochester and Ontario |
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White, David. The Devonic Plants of New York. In preparation.

Clarke, J. M. & Luther, D. D. Geologic Maps and Description of the
Portage and Nunda Quadrangles including a map of Letchworth Park.
In press.

Luther, D. D. Geology of the Geneva Quadrangle. In preparation. -

Geology of the Ovid Quadrangle. Jn preparation.

—— Geology of the Phelps Quadrangle. Jn preparation.

Whitnall, H. O. Geology of the Morrisville Quadrangle. Prepared.

Hopkins, T. C. Geology of the Syracuse Quadrangle. In preparation.

Hudson, G. H. Geology of Valcour Island. In preparation.

Zoology. Zr (1) Marshall, W. B. Preliminary List of New York Unioni-
dae. 20p. Mar. 1892. sc.

Z2 (9) Beaks of Unionidae Inhabiting the Vicinity of Albany, N. Y.
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Z3 (29) Miller, G. S. jr. Preliminary List of New York Mammals. 124p.
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Z4 (33) Farr, M.S. Check List of New York Birds. 224p. Ap. 1900. 25¢.

Z5 (38) Miller, G. S. jr. Key to the Land Mammals of Northeastern North
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Z6 (40) Simpson, G. B. Anatomy and Physiology of Polygyra albolabris
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Z7 (43) Kellogg, J. L. Clam and Scallop Industries of New York. 36p.
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Z8 (51) Eckel, E. C. & Paulmier, F. C. Catalogue of Reptiles and Batra-
chians of New York. 64p. il. tpl, Ap. xgaa. . sec:

Eckel, E.C. Serpents of Northeastern United States.
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Zg (60) Bean, T. H. Catalogue of the Fishes of New York. 784p. Feb.
1903. $1, cloth.

Zio (71) Kellogg, J. L. Feeding Habits and Growth of Venus mercenaria.

30p. 4pl. Sep. 1903. roc.

Z11 (38) Recas Elizabeth J. Check List of the Mollusca of New York.
114p. May 1905. 20.

Z12 (91) Paulmier, F. C. Higher Crustacea of New York City. 78p. il.
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Entomology. En xr (5) Lintner, J. A. White Grub of the May Beetle. 32p.
il. Nov. 1888. roc.

En2 (6) —— Cut-worms. 36p. il. Nov. 1888. roc.

En3 (13) —— San José Scale and Some Destructive Insects of New York
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En4 (20) Felt, E. P. Elm-leaf Beetle in New York State. 46p. il. spl.
June 1898. 50. :

See Ents.
Ens (23) —— 14th Report of the State Entomologist 1898. sop. il. gpl.
Dec. 1898. 20¢.
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MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

En7 (26) Collection, Preservation and Distribution of New York In-
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En8 (27) Shade ance Pests in New York State. 26p. il. spl. May
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Eng (31) 15th Report of the State Entomologist 1899. 128p. June

Ig00. I5¢.
Enro (36) —— 16th Report of the State Entomologist 1900. 1118p. 16pl.
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Enir (37) —— Catalogue of Some of the More Important Injurious and
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En12 (46) —— Scale Insects of Importance and a [ist of the Species in

Wew York State. o4p.il «spl. June 1901. 25€¢.

En13 (47) Needham, J. G. & Betten, Cornelius. Aquatic Insects in the
Adirondacks. 234p. il. 36pl. Sep. 1901. 45¢c.

En14 (53) Felt, E. P. 17th Report of the State Entomologist TOOL 232.
il. 6pl. Aug. 1902. Out of print.

En1r5 (57) Elm Leaf Beetle in New York State. 46p. il. 8pl. Aug.
1902. Out of print.

This is a revision of En4 containing the more essential facts observed since that was pre-
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En16 (59) —— Grapevine Root Worm. j4op. 6pl. Dec. 1902. 15¢.
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May 1903.
Enr8 (68) fceeiticurit WNGrezoricis 8 Aquatic Insectsin: New York. - 322 p.
s2apl. Aug. 1903. 8oc, cloth.
Barg-.(72) Kelt, E. P. Grapevine Root Worm. 58p. 13pl. Nov. 1903. 206.
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En20 (74) & Joutel, L.H. Monograph of the Genus Saperda. 88p.
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Api G04... “L5C:
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nes (86) fee dhand. J. G. & others. May Flies and Midges of New York.
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En24 (97) Felt, E. P. 20th Report of the State Entomologist 1904. 2406p.
ijeEgple. NOv.-1905. 40c.

En25 (103) —— Gipsy and Brown Tail Moths. 44p. topl. July 1906. 15¢.

En26 (104) —— 21st Report of the State Entomologist 1905. 144p. tropl.:
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En27 (109) Tussock Moth and Elm Leaf Beetle. 34p. 8pl. Mar. 1907.
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En28 (110) —— 22d Report of the State Entomologist 1906. 1152p. 3pl.

ane 1907: 2°5¢.

Needham, J. G. Monograph on Stone Flies. In preparation.

Botany. Bor (2) Peck, C. H. Contributions to the Botany of the State of
New York. 66p. apl. May 1887. Out of print.

Boz (8) —— Boleti of the United States. o96p. Sep. 1889. [5o0c]

Bo3 (25) —— Report of the State Botanist 1898. 76p. spl. Oct. 1299.
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Bo4 (28) —— Plants of North Elba. 206p. map. June 1809. 20¢.

Bos (54) —— Report of the State Botanist 1901. 58p. 7pl. Nov. 1902. 4oc.

Boo (67) —— Report of the State Botanist 1902. 196p. 5pl. May 1903. 5oc.

Bo7 (75) —— Report of the State Botanist 1903. 7op. 4pl. 1904. 4oc.

Bo8 (94) —— Report of the State Botanist 1904. 6o0p. 1opl. July 1905.
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1906. 50¢.

Bo 10 (116) Report of the State Botanist 1906. 120p. 6pl. 1907. 35¢.

Archeology. Arzr (16) Beauchamp, W. M. Aboriginal Chipped Stone Im-
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Ar2 (18) Polished Stone Articles used by the New York Aborigines.
to4p. 35pl. Nov. 1897. 25¢.

Ar3 (22) Earthenware of the New York Aborigines. 78p. 33pl. Oct.
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Ar4 (32)

Aborigina] Occupation of New York. 1gop. 16pl. 2 maps.

I

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

-

Ars (41) Wampum and Shell Articles used by New York Indians.
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Arg (78) patin’s of the New York Iroquois. 340p. 17pl. map. Feb.
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Ar1o (87) s Perch Lake Mounds. 84p. 1a2pl. Ap. 1905. 2006.

Ari (89) Aboriginal Use of Wood in New York. i1gop. 35pl. June
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Ari2 (pa) = Aboriginal Place Names of New York. 336p. May 1907.
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Arr3 (113) Civil, Religious and Mourning Councils and Ceremonies of

Adoption. 118p. spl. June 1907. 25¢.
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Ms2 (66) Ellis, Mary. Index to Publications of the New York State Nat-
ural History Survey and New York State Museum 1837-1902. ‘ 418p.
June 1903. 75¢, cloth.

Museum memoirs 1889-date. Q.

1 Beecher, C. E. & Clarke, J. M. Development of Some Silurian Brachi-
opoda. o6p. 8pl. Oct. 1889. $r.

2 Hall, James & Clarke, J. M. Paleozoic Reticulate Sponges. 350p. il. 7opl.
1898. $1, cloth.

3 Clarke, J. M. The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia Co.
N. Y. 128p. gpl. Oct. 1900. 8oc.

4 Peck, C. H. v v Edible Fungi. 1895-99. 106p.25pl. Nov.19g00. 75¢.

This includes revised descriptions and illustrations of fungi reported in the 49th, 51st and

52d reports of the State Botanist.

5 Clarke, J. M. & Ruedemann, Rudolf. Guelph Formation and Fauna of
New York State. ro6p. 2rpl._ July 1903. $1.50, cloth.

6 Clarke, J. M. Naples Fauna in Western New York. 268p. 26pl. map.
$2, cloth.

7 Ruedemann, Rudolf. Graptolites of New York. Pt 1 Graptolites of the
Lower Beds. 3s50p.17pl. Feb. 1905. $1.50, cloth.

8 Felt, E. P. Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. v.1 46op.
il. 48pl. Feb. 1906. $2.50, cloth. v.2 548p. il. 2apl Feb. 1907:
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9 Clarke, J. M. Early Devonic of New York and Eastern North America.
In press.

10 astman, C. R. The Devonic Fishes of the New York Formations.

tspl. July 1907. $1.25 cloth.

Gatton. aR Birds of New York. In preparation.

Reincar R. Graptolites of New York. Pt 2 Graptolites of the Higher
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Natural history of New York. 3 ov. il. pl. maps. Q. Albany 1842-94.

DIVISION 1 ZoOoLOGY. De Kay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The
New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals
hitherto observed within the State of New York with brief notices of |
those occasionally found near its borders, and accompanied by ap ropri- j
ate illustrations. sv. il. pl maps. sq.Q. Albany 1842-44. Out of print. |
Historical introduction to the series by Gov. W. H. Seward. 178p.

v. 1 ptr Mammalia. 131+46p. 33pl. 1842.
300 copies with hand-colored plates. \

v. 2 pt2 Birds. 12+380p. 14rpl. 1844.
Colored plates.

v. 3 pt3 Reptiles and Amphibia. 7+98p. pt4 Fishes. 15+415p. 1842.
pt3—4 bound together.

v. 4 Plates to accompany v. 3. Reptiles and Amphibia 23pl. Fishes 7gpl.
1842.
300 copies with hand-colored plates.

v. 5 pts Mollusca. 4+271p. 4gopl. pt6 Crustacea. j7op. 13pl. 1843-44.
Haud-colored plates; pts-6 bound together.

_
_ -

+ _.
.. "et Re es

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

DIVISION 2 BOTANY. Torrey, John. Flora of the State of New York; com-
prising full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hither-
to discovered in the State, with remarks on their economical and medical
properties. av. il. pl.sq. Q. Albany 1843. Out of print.

v. 1 Flora of the State of New York. 12+484p. 72pl. 1843.

300 copies with hand-colored plates.

v. 2 Flora of the State of New York. 572p. 89pl. 1843.
300 copies with hand-colored plates.

DIVISION 3 MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York; com-
prising detailed descriptions of the minerals hitherto found in the State
of New York, and notices of their uses in the arts and agriculture. il. pl.
sq. Q. Albany 1842. Out of print.

v. 1 ptr Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24+536p.
1842.

8 plates additional to those printed as part of the text.

DIVISION 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W. W.; Emmons, Ebenezer; Vanuxem, Lard-
ner & Hall, James. Geology of New York. 4qv. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany
1842-43. Out of print.

v. 1 ptr Mather, W. W. First Geological District. 37+653p. 46pl. 1843.

v. 2 pt2 Emmons, Ebenezer. Second Geological District. 10+437p. 17pl.
1842.

v. 3 pt3 Vanuxem, Lardner. Third Geological District. .306p. 1842.

_v. 4 pt4 Hall, James. Fourth Geological District. 22+683p. 1opl. map.
1843. :

DIVISION 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York;
comprising an account of the classification, composition and distribution
of the soils and rocks and the natural waters of the different geological
formations, together with a condensed view of the meteorology and agri-
san productions of the State. 5v.il. pl.sq.Q. Albany 1846-54. Out
of print.

v. rt Soils of the State, their Composition and Distribution. 11 +371p. 21pl.
1846.

v. 2 Analysis of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. 8+343+46p. 42pl. 18409.
With hand-colored plates.

Woes Etdits, etc. 8-+-340p. 1851.

wetebiates to accompany v. 3. o5pl. 1851.

Hand-colored.

v. 5 Insects Injurious to Agriculture. 8-+272p. sopl. 1854.
With hand-colored plates.

DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Palaeontology of New York. 8v.
il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound in cloth.

v. t Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System.
22aaop. OOpl. 1847. Out of print.

v. 2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System.
S-302p. co4pl 1852. Out of print.

v. 3 Organic Remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany
Sandstone. ptr, text. 12+532p. 1859. [$3.50]

mbes t43pl. 1861. [$2.50]

v. 4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and
Chemung Groups. 11+1+428p. 69pl. 1867. $2.50.

Vv. 5 ptr Lamellibranchiata 1. Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg,
Hamilton and Chemung Groups. 18+268p. 45pl. 1884. $2.50.

—— —— Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Ham-
ilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 62+293p. 5ipl. 1885. $2.50.
—— ptz Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helder-
berg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. 1, text.

i> + 4902p. Vi 2, 120pl.. $2.50 for 2 v.

—— & Simpson, George B.- v. 6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Up-

' per Helderberg and Hamilton Groups. 24+298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50.

—— & Clarke, John M. v. 7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oris-
kany, Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill
Groups. 64+236p. 46pl. 1888. Cont. supplement to v. 5, ptz. Pterop-
oda, Cephalopoda and Annelida. 42p. 18pl. 1888. $2.50.

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

& Clarke, John M. v.8 ptr Introduction to the Study of the Genera

of the Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+367p. 44pl. 1892. $2.50.

& Clarke, John M. v. 8 pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+394p. 64pl.
1894. $2.50.

Catalogue of the Cabinet of Natural History of the State of New York and
of the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. 24ap. O.

1853.
Handbooks 1893—date.
In quantities, 1 cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as below,
New York State Museum. 52p.il. 4c.
Outlines history and work of the museum with list of staff 1902.
Paleontology. r2p. 2c.
Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition; Relation to
biology; Relation to stratigraphy; History of paleontology in New York.
Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York. 124p. 8c.

Itineraries of 32 trips covering nearly the entire series of Paleozoic rocks, prepared specially
for the use of teachers and students desiring to acquaint themselves more intimately with the
classic rocks of this State.

Entomology. 16p. 2c.

Economic Geology. 44p. 4c.

Insecticides and Fungicides. 20p. Jc.

Classification of New York Series of Geologic Formations. 32p. Je.

Geologic maps. “Merrill, F. J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the State
of New York; issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and 48th Museum
Report, v. 1. 59x67 cm. 1894. Scale 14 miles to 1 inch. J5c.

Map of the State of New York Showing the Location of Quarries of

Stone Used for Building and Road Metal. Mus. bul. 17. 1897. 0c.

Map of the State of New York Showing the Distribution of the Rocks

Most Useful for Road Metal. Mus. bul. 17. 1897. Je.

Geologic Map of New York. 1901. Scale 5 miles to 1 inch. In atlas

form $3; mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson sheet 60c.

The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, Put
nam, Westchester, New York, Richmond, Kings, Queens and Nassau counties, and parts of
eee gary Ulster and Suffolk counties; also northeastern New Jersey and part of western
Sonnecticut.

Map of New York Showing the Surface Configuration and Water Sheds.

1901. Scale 12 miles to rinch. Jc.

Map of the State of New York Showing the Location of its Economic
Deposits. 1904. Scale 12 miles to 1 inch. J5c.

Geologic maps on the United States Geological ee topographic base;
scale 1 in. == 1m. Those marked with an asterisk have also been pub-
lished separately.

*Albany county. Mus. rep’t 49, v. 2. 1898. 50c.

Area around Lake Placid. Mus. bul. 21. 1808. :

Vicinity of Frankfort Hill [parts of Herkimer and Oneida counties]. Mus.
rept 51, Vv. I. 1899.

Rockland county. State geol. rep’t 18. 1899.

Amsterdam quadrangle. Mus. bul. 34. 1900.

*Parts of Albany and Rensselaer counties. Mus. bul. 42. rgo1. 0c.

*Niagara river. Mus. bul. 45. 1901. 25¢.

Part of Clinton county. State geol. rep’t 19. 1901.

Oyster Bay and Hempstead quadrangles on Long Island. Mus. bul. 48.
Igol. '

Portions of Clinton and Essex counties. Mus. bul. 52. 1902.

Part of town of Northumberland, Saratoga co. State geol. rep't 21. 1903. ,

Union Springs, Cayuga county and vicinity. Mus. bul. 69. 1903.

*Olean quadrangle. Mus. bi. 69. 1903. 0c. . aa

*Becraft Mt with 2 sheets of sections. (Scale 1 in. = 4m.) Mus. bul. 69. |
1903. 20c.

*Canandaigua-Naples quadrangles. Mus. bul. 63. 1904. 20¢.

*Little Falls quadrangle. Mus. bul. 77. 1905. Jc.

*Watkins-Elmira quadrangles. Mus. bul. 81. 1905. 20.

*Tully quadrangle. Mus. bul. 82. 1905. 0c.

*Salamanca quadrangle. Mus. bul. 80. 1905. 0c.

*Buffalo quae Mus. bul. 99. 1906. 0c.

*Penn Yan-Hammondsport quadrangles. Mus. bul. ror. 1906. 20¢.

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EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
JOHN CLARKE
STATE GEOLOGIST

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
STATE MUSEUM

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