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BULLETIN 281

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW volA
1903

M116m-Jl2-1500

x age 2 Published aowih lp Ss ra

University of the State of New Work

BY ;
HAROLD T. DICKINSON

MARCH 1903

New York State Museum

FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL Director

Bulletin 61
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 11

a QUARRIES OF
BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES

~IN THE

UPPER DEVONIAN OF NEW YORK STATE

BUREAU uF

PAGE Plates (cont'd)
Preface ....cseceeccerenresereveceneessereeseee + 5 Tom
Introduction ...... sec.cee. retin iafereiy i= orsinjatate’a/aiaie Ts hill,- er Ci
_ Joints and bedding..... Seeunsstec etetce. | 7% 6 Owen Grant uidnaienc ’ quarry near Stony
Stripping” . 22. vacccvcccceccsvase Rene antec ie Hollow, Ulster co....... S Macece ts fas
QUATTYING vecsscccccececensse saves Siewaleneee 7 Henry St John bluestone quarry, 1 mile
DPESSING 266 ccc cccccesenecece Saaen' a. <isieeinis 12 east of Walton...... Veins: Seeeetan See eerates
Rent and ownership.......0. «s+ dsteawntlen 8 Frank Bond bluestone. quarry in Oxbow
Transportation ........sceceecseeressssees 14 hollow, 344 miles from Walton..........
DUMEPRCE 0s ccc c cc ccccccvecesvsceccenees de ath 9 George Davis bluestone quarry, 244 miles
Quarries in Greene and Ulster counties..... 17 east of Walton....... Seuieiais ausreniemiera t's Site
Snake rock Quarries .....eeeeeeee eoveeees 58 10 J. Merritt bluestone quarry, 2 miles south
Merrihew ledge......cecescccence:veceeecs 64 OF HAMAON .. ... djeive sets eV ine Feb ay Seay
List of buyers on Hudson river.......... 65 11 I. J. Moore bluestone quarry, Pine creek
Condition of the bluestone industry in SODGHIOL Walton h necicciecnrecares dete vemos
IEEE OTD CY 50 aw cet yu apa ivievicccess see OF 12 W. G. Underwood bluestone quarry on
Quarries in Broome, Delaware and Sullivan N. Y. O. & W. R. R. between Cadosia
eee yhdeets Pitt et Aas 67 and Rock Rift...........4 SMahant da sth me
Docks and stone buyers along Erie and 13 Conrow and Hauyck bluestone quarry,
Ontario and Western railroads........ 85 north of DE DOSEE. ci aw'c'e woven Wn ceviete s
Quarries in the south central counties...... 86 14 Bluestone quarry in Sands creek hollow
Quarries in the southwestern counties ..... 97 near Hancock.......... sina bibieisin Slats pines a
EMT Aa Jiieis/div i.e caivis’s on nn'ep 0 Einar viewers’ ts 105 15 F. G. Clarke bluestone co. quarry, Ox-
PORE eraraic wieeisiccaiate creature Seatac tietieh la’ R eure
Plates : 16 J.T. Hunt bluestone quarry, 6 miles north
1 Map of location of New York bluestone Of, TRUMBNSHUIY’. 20\<c<ate cnc meme Meas Ke
quarries....... ‘per ea ee Cover page 3 | 17 Genesee Valley bluestone co. quarry,
2 Map of location of eastern Catskill blue- 8 miles north of Portageville N. Y. on
stone quarries...... rere Cover page 38 Pennsylvania R. R....secseeeeseeeeee eee
18 Warsaw bluestone co. quarry at Rock
, FACE PAGE MIC Hear Wartaw:. ... vous ss coop hee te ‘
8 Waste weir of Kingston reservoir no. 1, 19 Otis and Gage bluestone quarry a Rock
Sawkill valley, Ulster C0........sseeeees 35 Glen) WEar WATER Weick ce cccectakcacsine ;
4 T. McDonald bluestone quarry in bed of 20 F. F. Woodworth sandstone quarry *
Sawkill creek...... nahn spose st We ctaia clsthinte 36 Cohocton....... Sale Vina Ray ake oS avus
ALBANY

3677

95

98

Price 35 cents

1892

1878
1873
1877
1877

- 7881

1881
1883
1885
1888
1890
1890
1893
1895
1895

1897
1900
IgOI
IgOI
1902
1903
1903

1903

1888
1890

1890

University of the State of New York >

REGENTS

With years of election

WituiamM CrosweLL Doane D.D. LL.D.

: Chancellor, Albany
WHITELAW REID M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor, New York
Martin I. Townsend M.A. LL.D.. Sor x Troy
Cuauncey M. Depew LL.D. - = _ — New York
Cuaries E. Fitcu LL.B. M.A. L.H.D..- = Rochester
Wiiti1am H. Watson M.A. M.D. LL.D. _ — Utica
Henry E. Turner LL.D. - _ — Lowville
St CuaiR McKetway M.A. L.H.D. Pt D. D.C.L. Brooklyn
DANIEL BEacH Ph.D. LL.D. _ _ - — Watkins
CaRROLL E. SmitH LL.D. - ~ - - Syracuse
Puiny T. Sexton LL.D. - - - - - Palmyra
T. GuILForRD SMITH M.A. C.E. LL.D. - — Buitals
Lewis A. Stimson B.A. LL.D. M.D. —- = — New York
ALBERT VANDER VEER M.A. Ph.D. M. D. = si.
Cuartes R. Skinner M.A. LL.D.

Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio
CHESTER S. Lorp M.A. LL.D. - —- -— ~ = Brooklyn
Tuomas, A. Henprick M.A.LL.D.- -— -— Rochester
BENJAMIN B. ODELL JR LL.D. Governor, ex officio .
ROBERT C. PRuyn M.A. - = a Albany
“WititiaM NottTincHamM M.A. Ph.D. _ — Syracuse
FRANK W. Hiccins Lieutenant Governor, ex officio

Joun F. O'BRIEN Secretary of State, ex officio 3
CHARLES A. GARDINER B.A. LL.B. M.A. Ph.D. - New York

SECRETARY
Elected by Regents

1900 JAMES RussELL Parsons jr M.A. LL.D.

DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS
MELvIL Dewey M.A. LL.D. State Library and Home Education
JAMES RussELL Parsons jr M.A. LL.D.

Administrative, College and High School Depts —
FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL Ph.D. State Museum

_ University of the State of New York

New York State Museum

FREDERICK J. H. Merriwuyi Director

Bulletin 61
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 11

QUARRIES OF
BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES

IN THE
UPPER DEVONIAN OF NEW YORK STATE

PREFACE

The first official study of the building stones of New York
was made by Dr James Hall, state geologist, in preparation for
a report to the commissioners of the new state capitol in 1868.
His examination of the building stones available for this great
building led to the formation of a collection of large ‘cubes
dressed on different sides to show various modes of treatment,
which is now the nucleus of a large collection in the Geological
hali.

In 1886 Prof. John C. Smock took up the study of the build-
ing stones of New York and in bulletins 3 and 10 of the New
York state museum, contributed copiously to our accurate
knowledge of the resources of New York state in this sort of
building material.

With the lapse of time it becomes necessary to enlarge our
descriptions and records and it is now proposed to bring up to
date our knowledge of the subject of building stones.

This has, however, grown to such an extent that it seems
hopeless to treat it all in one volume or publication. It is
intended, therefore, to issue, as time and means will permit, sep-
arate bulletins discussing various types of this important
material. The first contribution is the following one on that
valuable and important variety of sandstone known as bluestone

y and on rocks of allied character.

Freperick J. H. Merri
July 1902

INTRODUCTION

The area in New York in which’are quarried the sandstones
of the Upper Devonian, as shown by the accompanying map,
is bounded on the east by a line roughly parallel to the Hudson
river and from 5 to 30 miles west of it, beginning in Albany
county and running south to West Hurley in Ulster county,
where it turns to the southwest, following Rondout creek. The
northern boundary of these formations is approximately in
an east and west line 15 to 20 miles south of the
Mohawk valley and stretching westward to the shore of
Lake Erie, which is the western limit. The whole
of the central and southern part of New York state
is occupied by these sedimentary rocks, the formations
extending south into Pennsylvania. The sandstone is quar-
ried at different localities throughout the whole terri-
tory, the most productive region being the southeastern
part, where numerous quarries have been opened in the eastern
face of the Catskill mountains, in the low lying terraces
between the mountains and the Hudson river and in the hills’
on both sides of the Delaware river. This district is favorably
situated for the transportation of the stone to the eastern
markets and is the chief producer of the commercial “ blue-
stone” so extensively used for flagstone, street crossings and
house trimmings in the larger cities of the east.

The beds occur from the Hamilton group to and including
the Catskill and are horizontal or dip at gentle angles. The |
greatest difference in elevation between the workable beds
is shown in Ulster county, where a few of the mountain
quarries are 2500 feet above the quarries nearest the Hudson
river. The rocks are shales and sandstones. But there
is so great a range in composition and texture that there are
many varieties under each of these heads and an almost infinite
gradation from one to another, and no sharp line can be drawn.
The quarry stone is, as a rule, even bedded and compact and can
be split in planes parallel to the bedding. In texture the stone

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 5)

varies from the exceedingly fine grained material which takes
a very even finish, to a sandstone which is almost conglomeritic
in its nature. The color is highly variable, being blue, gray,
greenish, pink and red in different localities.

Four geologic groups are represented in this territory, viz,
Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill, but the distinctions
between these groups are in part paleontologic and may be dis-
regarded in a discussion of the economic geology of the area.

The main belt of country producing the even bedded and
compact sandstone suitable for flagging and house trimmings
known commercially as “ bluestone” begins on the western
side of the Hudson river in the southwestern part of Albany
county and stretches southward through Greene, Ulster, Sulli-
van, Delaware and as far west as Broome county.

Besides this main belt there are scattered localities in the 3
central part of the state, producing bluestone, at Oneonta,
Rock Rift, Oxford, King’s Ferry, Trumansburg and Portageville. .

The district including Greene, Ulster, Delaware, Sullivan and
Broome counties is the most productive, the products reaching
the markets by the way of the Hudson river, and Erie and
Ontario and Western railroads. The quarries in this district
are all small and as a rule short lived.

The term bluestone was originally applied to the blue colored
sandstone quarried in Ulster county, 4 to 7 miles west of the
Hudson river. Today in commerce, the name bluestone is ap-
plied to a large part of the flagstone. produced in the state,
regardless of color. It is therefore, today rather a misnomer,
for this material is sometimes green and occasionally reddish.

Probably 75% of the Ulster county stone is marketed in the
condition known as “ quarry dressed,” the balance being treated
in the mills along the Hudson river.

In Broome, Delaware and Sullivan counties a very small per-
centage of the product passes through mills in the district.
Some “rock” however is shipped in the rough to other mills.

A large part of the stone at Oxford, Portageville and Rock
Rift is subjected to mill treatment.

6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

There are three classes of the product of the quarries, 1)
flagstone, 2) “edge” stone and 3) “rock.”’’ The first class in-
cludes the stone used for sidewalks and requires little dressing.
A stone 13 inches thick and over, with a smooth surface and
edges at right angles, fulfils all requirements. Bluestone is
particularly suitable for use as flagging, retaining after long
wear its rough surface. ‘The stone is so compact as to absorb
but little moisture, and thus, when used as flagging, ice and rain
remain upon it but a short time.” “Its hardness resists wear,
never forming the slipping surfaces of clay slate.”

The second class includes such stone as curb, window and
door sills, lintels and other house trimmings. This stone all
requires dressing; curb requires “ axing” on the face and edge.
This class of stone requires one or more perfect edges for
market.

The third class includes the stone sold in the rough to the
dealers for mill treatment. All this is thick stone, varying from
4 inches to 5 and 6 feet. It is sawed or planed in the mills for
platforms, steps and building stone. |

The products of the first two classes are often treated in the
mill when orders call for such finished work.

The kinds of stone as to shape, size and use are more numer-
ous than the uninitiated would imagine.

As regards the microscopic structure and quality of the stone,
the following notes by F. L. Nason! are interesting.

Bluestone. Bigelow bluestone co. (now Ulster bluestone co.)
Minerals: quartz and feldspar. The quartz is in grains, which
appear to be very angular in shape, more like a breccia. The
grains are clearer than those of other sandstones examined,
and the proportion of quartz grains to the rest of the matter
is smaller. The feldspar observed differs very materially from
that in the other stone. Grains of triclinic feldspar are ob-
served, which are very fresh. Another feldspar is almost com-
_pletelys decomposed. No carbonate of lime appears to be

present, and very little oxid of iron. The long, wavy, crys-
tallike dark spots in the stone appear to be decomposed feld-

1N. Y. state mus. 47th an. rep’t 1893. 1894. p.583; N. Y. state geol. 13th
an, rep’t 1898. 1894. p.389.

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 7

spar, more or less stained with iron. The cementing material
is probably silica, as dilute hydrochloric acid has no effect, and
it is not stained with iron.’

Joints and bedding

The beds of stone are divided naturally by vertical joints at
right angles, one system running about north and south, while
the other has an east and west direction. The north and south
joints are known to-the quarrymen as “ side seams,” while the
east and west joints are called “heads,” “head-offs” or
“headers.” These joints are persistent throughout the whole
area of the two main districts, but in Delaware and Broome
counties the east and west joints are likely to be very irregular.
The distance between these joints determines the maximum size
of the blocks, but not often is a stone the full size of the block
taken up. These joints are from 5 feet to 75 feet apart as a
rule. The bed is divided also by horizontal seams which are at
varying distances apart. These layers are known as “ lifts.”

In addition to these open seams and between them, occur
what are known as “reeds.” The reeds are really closed seams
which can be seen on looking closely at the edge of a block.
The reeds are both an advantage and a disadvantage. They
occur, as a rule, in only the fine grained stone. They are advan-
tageous in that they provide means of splitting a thick stone
into a number of thinner ones. This splitting is done by means
of a “point ” and thin wedges. They are a disadvantage in that
they are a source of weakness in the stone. The frost will often
open up the reeds, specially in curb which is set on edge. Each
quarry has its characteristic reeds. A typical “ black reed” is
the best for splitting stone.

It is often true of these reeds that, after quarrying, when
the stone is exposed to the weather two or three weeks before

*The test was as follows. A thin slice of the stone, ro of an inch thick
was immersed in the dilute acid. In the case of a calcareous sandstone,
or of a ferruginous sandstone, the grains of silica and feldspar would
have been loosened into sand. The slice of rock remained practically
unaffected.

8 | NEW YCRK STATE MUSEUM

frost, they tighten and close up, while, if it is quarried during
the winter, the reeds will open. Again, it is true that, with a
thick lift, if the stone is split to a thickness of 6 inches, there
is no danger of the reeds opening, while, if it is left thicker than
this, the danger of the reeds opening from exposure is great.
Some reeds will not open at all, even when the block is
“pointed” all around, and others will open only partly. As
before stated, each quarry has its characteristic reeds, which
have to be found by the quarrymen by experience.

The seams in the quarry are u source of trouble and at times
loss. A seam will “shift and grow” or “double,” that is, on
the front edge of a block the thickness of a lift may be 2 inches
while on the back the thickness will be 4 inches. Two seams
have run together, not gradually, but by a sudden jump, leaving
the two faces of the stone parallel. All these considerations
affect the commercial value of < quarry. )

When a quarry is first opened, the lifts are always thin, not
over # inch to 2 inches thick. As each tier of blocks is taken
out, the lifts are thicker. Also it is a common occurrence to
find that the lifts in the lower part of the bed are heavier than
those at the top. All thin lifts are used as flagstone, while the
thicker lifts are worked into edge stone or left in the rough
and sold as “rock.” As a rule, a good “rock” quarry is the
most profitable, as the stone requires no dressing of any kind.
But, on account of the sizes and weight of the stone, derricks
are required.

Between the lifts, a thin bed cf shale may occur, 3 to 4 inches
thick. Shale is known to the quarrymen as “pencil.” <A
“rough streak” in a quarry bed is a common occurrence... This
is a Streak of stone, of varying thickness, in which the seams
are very irregular. There are varying degrees of “ roughness ” ;.
part of the streak may be worked into salable stone, with extra
labor, or it all may have to be dumped on the rubbish pile.

A. bed of stone is said to be “ bottomed ” when a thick rough
streak or pencil is encountered. A rough streak is not always
permanent. With each new tier of blocks taken out, the con-

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 9

ditions change, and the rough streak may become as workable as
the balance of the bed, and again it may increase in size, spoiling
the bed entirely. |
' Nearly every quarry has its own peculiar formation. Quarries
within 400 or 500 yards of each other frequently differ greatly
as to quality and formation. |

Stripping

The overburden, or “top,” consists in Ulster county of a
layer of soil, clay or hardpan, underneath this alternating beds
of shale and rock. This “rock” is a name given to the part of.
the ledge which can not be worked into salable stone. (“ Rock”
also is a term applied to the thick “ lifts” of stone which are
sold to the mills for sawing and other treatment.) Below the
shale and the rock is the bed of stone. The thickness of the
soil, shale, rock and bed of stone is very variable. But a rough
ratio for profitable quarrying is 1 of bed to from 2 to 3 of top,
depending on the ease with which the stone is worked, its:
quality and the character of the bed. Some quarries have all
soil top, some all rock, and’ again some have all shale top.
Generally all three are found except in Delaware and Broome
counties, where shale occurs rarely.

The stripping is usually carried on in winter, as only a few
quarries can be worked when it is very cold, owing to the effect
of freezing on the durability of the stone. The ground also is
then frozen hard, and the scales of dirt are quite firmly cemented
by frost. Dynamite or some other high explosive is used to
loosen the rock and dirt. This is found to be better and more
economical of time and labor, since the frozen dirt and slate can
be handled better than when uncemented. The stripping is
handled by shovels and wheelbarrows for the soil and shale,
while powder and dynamite are employed in breaking up the
rock. There is not much difference in cost of removing the vari-
ous kinds of “ top” except as to thickness. Rock is easily han-
dled with a derrick after blasting. Hardpan requires consid-
erable work even after blasting. Shale and soil require a great

10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

deal of work in handling. A one horse dump cart or a small
car and wooden or iron rails are often part of the equipment
for stripping.

The waste material or rubbish is carted away and dumped
opposite the face of the quarry. In the case of the quarries
in the mountains, this rubbish is dumped down the mountain
side. Very little attention has been paid to the proper dis-
posal of this rubbish, for, in many cases, it has to be handled
twice. In many beds which are now being worked in Ulster
county the greatest part of the stripping is rubbish from
quarries opened 40 years ago and abandoned.

Quarrying

Quarrying is carried on eight or nine months in the year.
In many quarries no work at all is done during the winter. After
the stripping is done, the different lifts aré raised by wedges -
driven into the open seams, just enough to give the proper
strain for the lift to free itself from the under bed. The area
of these lifts varies with the size of the block. That of large
ones may be 1000 square feet or more. The thickness varies

from 1 inch to 8 feet.

. If it is not possible to lift the layer from the whole block,
a line is marked by cord and chalk where it is necessary ,to
break the stone. This line is traced across with a point by
digging out holes # inch to 1 inch deep and from 2 inches to
» inches apart. The point is held so that its horizontal
projection will fall. along the chalk line. After (he
block has been traced across, every sixth or seventh
hole is drilled to a depth corresponding to the thickness of
the lift. In these deeper holes, plugs and feathers are placed.
The plugs are driven down together by striking one after
another, so that the strain is equal all along the line. To do
this well requires a great deal of skill, which is a result of long
and close attention to work. At a certain point of strain the
stone will break off along the chalk line, true and even. In
Ulster county the stone breaks the best in a north and south

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 11

dine following the side seam, while in Delaware and Broome
counties the stone breaks best in an east and west direction.
The quarrymen say that the stone “works” best north and
‘south or east and west as the case may be. This same system
is used in breaking lifts of large area to smaller sizes.

Generally, very little powder is used in blasting out the bed
Of the stone. The joints are usually free or open for working.
When powder is necessary in the bed the “ Knox” system of
blasting is used, a short description of which follows. The
holes are first drilled to the desired depth in a line then
“reamed” out, making the hole elliptic in section, the longer
axis being in the line of the holes. A small amount of
explosive is put in each hole with little or no tamping. Within
a foot or so of the top of the hole a plug is put in and the tamp-
ing placed on top of this. The holes are fired simultaneously
‘by electricity. The greater part of the force of the explosion.
is taken up by the air cushion and, as a result, the block is not
‘shattered or split.

In the larger quarries in Ulster county district, hand and horse
power derricks are used, but in no case are there any steam
hoists except at the docks. In Delaware and Broome counties
‘there are a few steam derricks, and all the larger quarries are
equipped with hand or horse power derricks. A blacksmith
shop for sharpening and tempering tools is usually part of the
equipment of all the quarries. The tools consist of hammers,
points, drills, wedges, plugs and feathers, crowbars and shovels.
In a very few instances does the equipment include steam drills
‘or pumps.

When water is troublesome a siphon is used, if a sufficient
fall can be had, or a horse or hand power pump is used when a
siphon is not available. In the few cases in which the steam
pump is used the “* pulsometer ” seems to be a favorite.

The following from Stone is of interest as showing the
peculiarities of bluestone quarrying:

The quarrying of bluestone probably requires as much skill,
if not more, than any other kind of stone, a fact often over-

12 NEW YGRK STAT# MUSEUM

looked and a potent factor in the success of a quarryman.
It seems to be a general impression among a great many users
and perhaps a few of the producers of this most useful and
durable stone, that a man needs only to find a deposit of salable
- quality of bluestone, no more than usual proportion of top to
bed, with the usual shipping facilities, and success is assured.
But for any one who has been closely connected with this
especially interesting business, it is easy to find the reason why
a quarry has not paid. The causes are usually radical, and one
of the first flaws after ascertaining that the quarry contains
stone in fair quantity will be found by looking into the system
of quarrying, and here is frequently a drawback to the pros-
perity of the quarry.

As a rule, the best quarrymen have worked in the quarries
from the time they have been able to do anything, and, as that
- is usually pretty early in life, many of them have gained such
knowledge of the work that they know to a certainty how the
' stone will work, as soon as they see the bed, without raising
a lift. It is only after long work that a quarryman becomes
expert.

Dressing

After the’ stone is lifted from the bed, it is handed over to
the stonecutter, who prepares it for market. If it is flagstone,
it is cut into commercial sizes > 3 or 4 feet wide, and the irregu-
larities are chiseled down. Flag, as a rule, requires little
dressing. If the stone is to be cut into curb or other “edge”
stone, the block must be split, if too thick, and then broken to
the proper width. Curb is usually “axed” 12 inches to 14 inches
on the face, and the top edge is pitched at the proper angle.
“Rock” and platform require no dressing in the quarry. The
dressing of the stone in the quarry is usually of the roughest
kind and is done as quickly .as possible. For the finer grades
of axed and cut stone, the work is done on the docks.

At many of the docks stone mills are in operation. The mill
treatment consists of sawing large blocks, planing and rubbing
the house trimmings, platforms, steps etc., and boring sewer
heads. | ,

There is a great difference in the stone in regard to its action
under a saw or planer. Some stone will chip or check under
a planer and not give the smooth surface desired, while other

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 13

stone will wear out the gang saws very fast. The action of a
stone in a mill depends largely on its hardness and texture.

A planer consists of a stationary base with a moving carriage,
on which the stone is placed and held firmly by set screws. This.
carriage moves forward and backward under the bits of the
planer. These bits are fastened to the immovable part of the
frame, and, as the stone passes under them, take off the irregu-
larities of the surface.

A gang saw has a varying number of saws set at different
or the same distances apart. These saws are fastened by
wedges on a frame above the block of stone and are moved for-
ward and back by an eccentric. As the cuts in the stone deepen,
the frame is lowered by a feeding device. Sand and water are
fed into the cuts during the sawing.

Rubbing is usually a secondary treatment to planing. The
rubbing bed is a circular cast-iron plate, which revolves hori-
zontally. The stone is placed on this and held stationary by
projecting arms. The revolving cast-iron plate grinds the stone
and smooths off the irregularities of planing. Sand and water
are fed from the center into the bed during the process.

Another kind of saw is the “diamond” saw, which has dia-
monds set along the edge of the saw. The diamonds are held
in cast-iron teeth, which are removable from the blade. There
are 10 to 12 teeth, containing 2 to 3 “borts,” in each saw,
spaced equally, according to length of blade. The diamond
Saws cut 23” to 24” an hour, while the ordinary gang saw cuts
only 24” to 22” an hour.

Most docks have one or more stonecutters employed in special
and fine work.

Rent and ownership

The majority of the quarries in the two main districts are
worked by two or three men, sometimes in partnership, but
often one man operates the quarry, hiring one or two extra men
as quarrymen or stonecutters. A good stonecutter can com-
mand a wage of $1.75 to $2.25 a day, while a quarryman is paid
$1.50 to $2, and in some places only $1 a day., In Delaware and

14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Broome counties the demand for stonecutters is greater than
the supply this year.

The quarrymen seldom own the land on which the quarry is
situated, but lease it at a rental proportionate to the amount
-of stone taken out. In Ulster county the usual rental is 5% of
the value of the stone quarried. In Delaware and Broome
counties the rental varies from 4c to 1c a foot of the product,
according to the location of the quarry. This “ per foot” applies
to the stone as sold, that is, if the stone is sold per linear foot,
the rental is 3c per linear foot; if sold per square foot, the
rental is 4¢ per square foot. This is hard on the flagstone quar-
ries, as the price of flag ranges from 5c to 8c a square foot, but
for quarries producing edge stone, the rental is much less, as
curb is sold for 16c a foot. The charge of 5% appears to be a
much fairer way of renting. :

In Ulster county the larger quarries are in many cases owned ~
by the dealers, but in only a few cases are the dealers operating
the quarries. They prefer to rent them on a percentage basis.
They own the ledges in order to control the output of the stone.

Transportation

The stone is hauled by two, three and four horse teams to
the docks or railroad switches. Only at Rock Rift and Portage-
ville do the railroad switches run into the quarries. In Ulster
county very little stone is shipped by way of the Ulster and
Delaware railroad from Broadhead’s Bridge to Kingston. The
freight rate is higher than the cost by wagon.

The wagons in use hold from 8 to 10 tons of rock. A great
proportion of these wagons are now equipped with wide tires;
in fact, some towns have local legislation requiring wide tires
on wagons weighing over a certain amount. The main quarry
roads are often “bridged” with bluestone. ‘“ Bridging” con-
sists of thick stone laid as a track for the wheels of a wagon.
This “ bridge” is 20 inches wide and 4 inches to 6 inches thick.

It does not take long for wagons to wear deep ruts in the bridge.

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 15

But, if kept in repair, these bridge-roads are the best for the
heavy quarry wagons. ,The quarries on the hills and moun-
tains have a separate road leading to each from the main roads.
As a rule, these are in fearful condition, being cut to pieces by
the chained wheels. The grade of these roads is very steep. A
25% erade is not an uncommon one. An extra horse is often
employed for hauling the stone wagons up to the quarry.

The loading of the stone on the wagons in the quarry is done
by a derrick when possible. If there is no derrick in the quarry,.
the loading is done by hand. If there are a number of quarries
near together, the different gangs assist one another in loading.

In coming down loaded, one or both of the rear wheels are
chained or a Shoe is used. In addition to this, the front wheels
are equipped with foot brakes. The driving of these wagons
down such steep grades is attended with much danger, and
many fatal accidents occur. The drivers become very skilful
in the work, but at times are careless. Carelessness in
chaining wheels is often the cause of the most serious acci-
dents. After the wagons reach the main roads, few steep
grades are met. The unloading of the stone at the docks or
Switches is done usually with hand, horse or steam power der-
ricks. The different sizes are piled at separate points on the
docks and shipped as ordered.

The cost of transportation to the docks or shipping points
is borne by the quarrymen. The cost is based on the value of
the load, the distance between the quarry and the dock and the
condition and grade of road. The cost runs as high as 504 of the
value of the load and as low as from 8 to 10%. The latter cost
is for quarries favorably situated in respect to the docks.
Usually a team will make three and four trips a day between
the dock and quarry, at this price. Quarries are often spoken
of as “ three trip” or “four trip ” quarries, as the case may be.
Only the larger quarries have their own teams, and the hauling
is often conducted as a separate business from the quarrying of
the stone.

16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Market

The stone from the quarries is sold to the wholesale dealers,
who make a business of collecting the stone and shipping it to
the place of consumption. The stone is paid for by the load,
or each week or month. Usually the cartage is deducted and
paid directly to the teamster. Rent also is deducted from the
value of each load, if the dealer owns the quarry ledge.

The stone is sold by the square and linear foot. Flagstone ~
is always sold by the square foot, while curb and crosswalks
are sold by the linear foot. What is known as “rock” (the
thick large stone) is sold at so much an inch per square foot.
That is, a stone 10 inches thick, 10 feet square at 24c an inch,
would sell for $25.

At one time there was a combination of the dealers along the
Hudson river to control prices; but this has been broken up now,
and the competition between the buyers has resulted in a rise
of prices paid to the quarrymen. The largest dealers along the
Hudson river have New York or Philadelphia offices, which are
selling agencies. Along the Erie and Ontario and Western rail-
road a few dealers combine and pay an equal share of the
expense of a selling agency in one of the large cities. The stone
from the Hudson river is sold mostly in New York and New
England cities and villages. This stone is loaded on barges,
which are towed to the different cities on the seacoast. The
stone from Delaware and Broome counties is sold very little
in New York city, the high cost of freight and lighterage pro-
hibiting competition with Ulster county stone. This stone is
sold in New York and inland towns, such as Binghamton, Elmira,
Rochester, Johnstown, Syracuse, Utica. Some of the stone from
this district goes to Philadelphia. .

The time available for this investigation did not permit the
author to visit the quarries of Albany county, consequently the
quarry descriptions are not complete for the entire state. For
Albany county see Nason, N. Y. state mus. 47th an. rep’t, p. 457.

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 17

QUARRIES IN GREENE AND ULSTER COUNTIES

The main points where bluestone is quarried in these counties
are Quarryville, Fish Creek, Highwoods, Dutch Settlement,
Palenville, West Saugerties, Woodstock, Jockey hill, West
Hurley, Stony Hollow, Lapala and Mackey hill.

Beginning on the north in Greene county and following a line
roughly parallel to the Hudson, the first quarries in this dis-
trict are 4 miles west of Catskill, those of Lane Bros., Lane &
Bloom, Lane & Hood, and Herbert Bloom.

Lane Bros. Bed of stone is 74 feet thick, with 20 feet of rock
and slate stripping. Stone is fine grained, very reedy and of
good blue color. The bed is rough and dips south and west.
Cross bedding is shown and some “rock” is interbedded with
the stone. Lifts are 3” to 12” thick. Three to four men are
employed nine months in the year. Product is principally curb
and other edge stone, and is sold to Smith & Yeager at Catskill.

Herbert Bloom. Quarry is south of Lane Bros. and on same
ledge, working only top bed of thin bedded fiag 3 feet thick. One
man is employed intermittently. The product is flag, and is sold .
to Smith & Yeager at Catskill.

William Lane & L. Hood. These work on this same ledge
occasionally, and sell the product at Catskill to Smith & Yeager.

James Lane & Jacob Bloom. . This quarry is situated a quarter
of a mile north of Lane Bros., and is probably on the same
ledge. Bed of stone is 8 to 9 feet thick, with a top of 15 feet of
rock, in which shaly streaks occur. The stone is of fair quality,
fine grained and of good blue color. The bed dips slightly to
the south and west. Two men are employed during summer
months. Product is mostly edge stone, which is sold to Smith
& Yeager at Catskill.

To the south of the above are the quarries near Kiskatom
and High Falls, where six openings are being worked, as follows.

Bean & Lewis, Kiskatom. Quarry is situated ? mile south of
Kiskatom. Bed of stone is 5 feet thick with 12 to 15 feet of clay
top. Stone is fine grained and full of reeds, and of very dark
blue color. No danger of reeds opening when stone is split to

18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

10” thick. Lifts vary from 10” to 24” in thickness. This stone
does not work well under planer, being very tough. No
“head-offs ”” are seen in the opening. Product is mostly edge
stone, which is hauled 7 miles to Malden and sold to Ulster blue-
stone co. Cost of cartage is 26¢ of value of load. Four to five
men are employed during the summer months.

Dederick Bros., Kiskatom. This is a small quarry situated east
of Bean & Lewis and on the ledge below their quarry. Bed of
stone is 24 feet thick with 7 to 8 feet of clay top. When this
quarry was first opened, the bed was much thicker, but, as the
quarrymen say, it has “ pitched out.” Stone is of medium sized
grains and good blue color. Reeds are present but are said not
to open from the weather. No head-offs are to be seen. Bed
dips to the south and west. The ledge has been opened up 300:
to 400 feet in a north and south direction. Lifts vary from
2” to 10”. Product is flag and edge stone, which is sold to
Smith & Yeager at West Camp. Three men are employed all
the year. ;

Smith & Yeager, Kiskatom. Quarry is just east of Dederick
Bros. and on ledge below. Bed of stone averages 10 feet in
thickness with a top of 3 feet of rock, and 12 to 15 feet of clay.
The stone is rather fine grained and quite dark blue. Reeds are
present, and stone is split 10” or 12” to avoid danger of their
opening. Lifts are heavy, 5 to 6 feet thick. Water is trouble-
some here and is handled by a “Bush” pump. The quarry is
equipped with two horse power derricks and a steam drill. As
no “heads” are present, the drill is used to break off blocks. The
holes are drilled very close together in an east and west line.
The distance between the edges of adjoining holes is about 13”.
After a row of holes has been drilled the width of the block, a
new bit is set in the drill, which breaks out the connecting stone
between two holes, giving a fluted appearance to the edge of
each block. This is the only place in the Ulster county district
where this system is used. The product is of all classes of
stone, which is hauled to West Camp. This firm is a small buyer
of stone from this district and has docks at Catskill and West

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 19

' Camp (Smiths Landing). It employs six to cight men in the
2 quarry the year round. :
3 Dederick & Frieze, Kiskatom. Quarr y is + mile north of Smith
_ & Yeager and on the same ledge. Bed of stone is 7 feet thick,
with 8 to 10 feet of top, 3 feet being rock, the balance clay.
_ Stone is of medium grain and very “reedy.” The reeds are
a very likely to open on exposure. Bed dips to the south and
west. Two to three men are employed the year round. Product
is mostiy edge stone, which is hauled to Malden and sold to
the Ulster bluestone co.

Near this quarry are a number of abandoned openings which
_haye not been worked in several years. i
dames Sterrett, Saxton. Quarry is situated 4 mile west of
High Falls. Bed of stone is 13 feet thick, with 35 to 40 feet of

alternating beds of rock and shale top. 22 feet above the top
of the stone bed a lift of rather coarse grained gray sandstone
_ occurs 2 feet thick, some of which ig sold. This stratum
q occurs 2 miles south of this quarry in the Michigan quarries.
7 Stone is fine grained and a good blue in color. There are no
' open seams in the bed. The stone is-split along the reeds. The
4 quarry is equipped with horse power derrick and siphon. No
q head-offs appear, but the side seams are very regular. Product
q is mostly edge stone, which is sold to the Ulster bluestone co.
4 at Malden. Three or four men employed during the summer
- months. :

4 Harvey Myers, Ashbury, and Owen Devery, Quarryville. Both
~ work small quarries occasionally in the vicinity of High Falls.
_ Farther south at Quarryville is one of the most productive
points of the whole Ulster county district.

Abraham Miller & Co., Quarryville. The first quarry south of
_Sterrett’s. Quarry is situated 1 mile north of Quarryville. The
_ bed of stone is 6 feet thick, with top of 20 to 25 feet consisting of
“Tock and black shale. The stone is fine grained, of good
a blue color and quite reedy. As the lifts vary from 5” to 6”,
Z there is no danger of the stone “ reeding” open. Few heads are
present. The strata worked dip to the south and west. The

20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

quarry is equipped with hand derrick and siphon. Three men
are employed throughout the year. The product is chiefly flag-
stone, which is sold to the Ulster bluestone co. at Malden.

Con Harvey, Quarryville. This quarry is south of the preced-
ing. The bed of stone is 10 feet thick, with an overburden of
20 to 30.feet, 15 feet of which is rock, the balance clay.. The |
stone is of the best. blue color, fine grained and full of reeds,
which will not weather open if stone is split to 20” to 24”
thickness. No heads are found in this quarry, but the side
' seams are very regular, 3 to 9 feet apart.

The top part of this bed is grayer and harder than the lower
lifts, which are soft and blue. All the stone, however, works
well in the mill. The product is almost entirely “rock.” Four
to five men are employed all the year. The equipment con-
sists of a steam pump to handle the rain water, and that issuing
from springs in the quarry. Some very large stones have been
taken from the quarry, one slab being 9 inches thick and 17 feet
by 16 feet in area.

Alfonso Carnright, Quarryville. This quarry is on the same
ledge as Harvey’s and just south of it. The bed of stone is the
same, but the top is 35 feet thick. The gray sandstone noted
under Sterrett’s quarry shows here in the top. These two
quarries are known as the “ Michigan” quarries. The ledge is
owned by the Ulster bluestone co. of Malden, which buys all
the stone. There is only one lift in the bed, but the reeds are so
. frequent that the stone is easily split.

These quarries were very valuable at one time and have pro- .
duced a large amount of stone, but now the top is very heavy
for the bed, and only skilful quarrying makes it possible to oper-
ate them profitably.

The rock is hauled 4 miles to Malden at a cost of 20% of the
value of each load. The prices paid vary from 3c to 5¢ an inch
of thickness per square foot. Carnright employs four or five
men throughout the year. |

South of and below the Michigan ledge is the Quarryville
ledge, which has been opened for over a mile in a north and
south direction. This was the great ledge of the district at one

BLUESDONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES ye |

time, 350 to 400 men being employed at different points. The
whole ledge is owned by the Ulster bluestone co. at Malden, to
which all the stone is sold. The lifts are very thick, and
the chief product is rock and edge stone. The dip of the
bed is to the south and west. The water from springs and rains
is concentrated at the lower end of the opening, where it is han-
dled by steam pumps installed and operated by the Ulster blue-
stone co. Each quarryman is charged 54% of the value of the
stone quarried, in addition. to the rental, for the operation of
these pumps.

The bed of stone is fine grained and of good blue color, and
reedy. The top lifts are grayer and harder than the bottom
lifts. The bed averages 13 to 14 feet thick, 8 feet of which are
really good workable stone. The top consists of clay rock and
shale of varying thickness, the average being 20 feet. The lifts
vary from 6 inches to 6 feet in thickness. The top lifts are
worked into edge stone, the lower lifts being sold as rock.

Each firm has either a hand or horse power derrick. Some of
the derricks are not owned by the firms, who pay a rental for

their use of 5% of the value of the stone produced. 18¢ of the
load value is charged for cartage to Malden.

The different firms working the ledge from north to south
and the men employed are given. All are of Quarryville. |

Rightmeyer, Bovee & Craft. Three men the year round.

K. Foley. Four men 10 months in the year.

John O’Rourke. Four men nine months in the year.

Hollenbeck & Miller. Four men in summer and two men in
winter.

Mack & Kraft. Four men in summer and two men in winter.

C. E. Cook. Three to four men nine months in the year.

Cook & Schoonmaker. Four to five men nine months in the
year.

Just east of the main Quarryville ledge and below it another
ledge has been opened.

Michael O’Rourke, Quarryville. This is the first ledge west of
_the Hudson river that has been opened. The bed of stone is 7
feet thick, with 2 feet of rock, 74 feet of shale and 2 to 8 feet of

22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

clay top. Stone is of fairly good blue color, fine grained and

reedy. The lifts vary from 2 to 3 feet, and are split to 6” or 7”.
for safety. Three to four men are employed steadily. The ~

ledge is owned by Joseph Maxwell of Saugerties,.to whom the
stone is sold. The product is chiefly curb and flagstone. The
quarry is equipped with a hand pump for disposing of water.

Just above the west of the main ledge at Quarryville two ~

other ledges have been opened.
Van Steenburg & O’Connor, Quarryville, are working the first

ledge above. The bed is 6 to 7 feet thick, with 15 to 20 feet of :

rock top. The quarry is an old cne and is badly blocked up with
rubbish. The stone is of fair quality and color. The quarry is
equipped with hand derrick.- Two men are employed part of the
year. |

Cunningham & Schoonmaker, Quarryville, are working on the
next ledge above. The bed, which is a mixture of rock and stone.

(the larger portion being rock) is 12 feet thick and has-a top of
5 feet of rock and clay. The stone is much darker blue than
that from the main ledge, and of finer grain. The lifts vary
from 2” to 4”. The product, entirely flag, is sold to T. J. Dunn
& Co. at Malden. Two men are employed. The quarry is
equipped with hand derrick and siphon.

Between Quarryville au Veteran postoffice there are a few 4

small quarries.

Lawrence Hummel, Quarryv ille. Quarry is situated 4 mile west

of Mt Airy. The bed of stone is 4 to 5 feet thick, with 8 to 10
feet of top of rock and clay. The stone is of medium grain and
very dark blue color, and quite reedy. The lifts vary from 6” to
8” in thickness. The bed dips more sharply than usual to the

west and south. Product is chiefly flag, which is sold to T. J.

Dunn & Co. at Malden.

Carty & Rourke, Veteran postoffice. Quarry situated ? mile
north of Veteran or Unionville. The bed of stone is 7 to 8 feet
thick, with 8 to 10 feet of clay and rubbish top. The stone is of

a good blue and varies in grain from top to bottom. The top F
lifts are of coarser grain, and harder than the bottom lifts. A

Pass ee et

Se eS eee ee

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 23

a

_ rough streak 1 to 2 feet thick occurs in the center of the bed.
‘The stone is reedy and is split to 10” to 16” for safety. No
head-offs are to be seen, but the side seams are straight and
' regular 3 to9 feet apart. The product is principally edge stone,
_ which is sold to Hudson river bluestone co. at Saugerties. The
"quarry is equipped with horse power derrick and siphon. Three
_ to four men are employed all the year.

_ Brink & Jones, Veteran postoffice. A very small and poor
j quarry on ledge above Carty & Rourke’s. The bed is very rough
_ and 3 to 4 feet thick. The stone is fine grained and good blue in
| color. Two men are employed, not regularly.

_ Martin Dunn, Veteran postoffice. This is an old quarry on
ledge above Carty & Rourke’s and is badly blocked up with rub-
_ bish. The bed of stone is very rough and 5 to 6 feet thick, with

Yy to 8 feet of rock top. It is fine grained and of good blue color.

The lifts are 6” to 8” thick. The product is sold to James Max-
_ well at Saugerties. Two men employed, intermittently.
| ’ From Veteran postoffice south through Fish Creek and High-
woods is another very productive territory. But the industry

_ has decreased in late years, specially at Fish Creek, where the

surrounding hills are covered with old rubbish heaps. At Vet-
eran postoffice there are numerous ees but only a few

“quarries are being -worked now.

| Wyman Spring & Flynn, Veteran postoffice. Quarry situated
4 3 mile west of Veteran postoffice. The bed of stone is 4 to 5 feet

thick, with top of 10 to 12 feet of rock. The bed dips more

_ sharply than usual to the south and west. The stone is fine

grained, of good blue color, and some reeds are present. The
. _ side seams and heads are qu te regular. Streaks of shale ‘pases

inthe bed. Three men are employed throughout the year.” The
4 Reroduct is sold to the Ulster bluestone co. at Malden.

_ Flanagan & Connors, Veteran postoffice. This firm is working
~ on the same ledge as Wyman & Co., and just east of them. The
bed is only 24 feet thick, with the same amount of top. The dip
is in the same direction as that in the preceding quarry, though
_ more gentle. The stone is of a lighter shade of blue. Two men

24 NEW YCRK STATE MUSEUM

are employed throughout the year. The product is sold to
James Maxwell at Saugerties. |

Along the road from Veteran postoffice, running south
through Fish Creek and Highwoods are numerous quarries.
Just south of Veteran is the following quarry. .

William Hayen, Veteran postoffice. The bed of stone is 10 to
12 feet thick, with 10 to 12 feet of top, which is mostly shale.
Bed dips as usual to the south and west, and the bedding
planes are irregular. The stone is fine grained, of good blue
color and reedy. The rifts vary from 20” to 24”, which are
split into curb. Two men are employed throughout the year.
The product is sold to James Maxwell at Saugerties, who owns
the ledge. =a

Eygo Bros. & Cronin, Veteran postoffice. This firm works on
same ledge as Hayen. This ledge has been opened about 4
mile in a north and south direction. Three men employed
throughout the year.

John Ferguson, Veteran postoffice. This quarry is just east of
Hayen’s and on the ledge above. It is being worked toward
the east and against the dip. This is unusual, nearly all
the quarries being worked from the east toward the west.
The bed of stone is 5 to 6 feet thick, with 10 feet of shale
top. The stone is fine grained, of good blue color and reedy.
The lifts vary from 24” to 30’. The head-offs are not very promi-
nent and the side seams are somewhat irregular. The product
is principally curb, which is sold to James Maxwell at Sauger-
ties, who owns the ledge. Three to four men are employed
during the year. This ledge has been extensively worked, but
the top is becoming too heavy for the bed.

John Cusick, Veteran postoffice. Quarry is on same ledge as
Ferguson, but just north. The top is somewhat thicker, being
nearly 60 feet of shale. There is a curious streak in the shale,
in which large round boulders are bedded. Two to three men
are employed.

Brennan Bros. & Ledwith, Veteran postoffice. This quarry is
situated # mile south of Veteran and is in the vicinity of

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 28

; numerous abandoned openings. The bed of stone is 4 to 5 feet

q

3
i

F
]

thick, with a rock top of 10 to 12 feet. The stone is of medium
grain, good color and some reeds are present. The lifts vary
from 5” to 8” in thickness. The bed dips more sharply than

: usual to the southwest. The product is principally curb, which

is sold to the Ulster bluestone co. Three men are employed

_ throughout the year.

=

Daniel J. Burke, Veteran postoffice. Quarry situated south of
Brennan’s.: The bed of stone is 4 feet thick, with 5 to 6 feet
of rock top. The stone is of fair blue color, fine grained

and somewhat harder than is usual in this vicinity. The quarry

is said to work “hard.” The side seams are very regular and the

| joints are loose. Lifts vary from 4” to 20”. The product is edge

~

:
“

|
i
:
|

stone, which is sold to the Hudson river bluestone co. at Sauger-
ties. Four to five men are employed throughout the year. The
cost of cartage in this vicinity is based on the number of feet of
stone in each load.

T. H. Lockwood, Saugerties. The quarry is situated just north
of Fish Creek. The bed of stone is 11 feet thick, with a top of
10 to 15 feet. The stone is of good blue color, fine grained and

_reedy. The lifts vary from 6” to 10”, and are split into curb, the
. principal product. The bed dips south and west. Some blast-

ing is done in the quarry bed, as the heads are absent. The side
seams are quite regular and tight. Quarry is equipped with
hand derrick. Four to five men are employed during the year.

_ The product is sold to James Maxwell at Saugerties.

Southeast of Fish Creek on Cockburn hill a number of quar-

ries are in operation. One long ledge has been opened on the

southern side of the hill, and with two exceptions all the firms
are quarrying on this ledge. The ledge has the usual south and
west dip, so the drainage is natural toward the lowest and west-
ern quarry. The bed of stone averages 7 feet in thickness, is
fine grained, of good blue color and quite reedy. Where the
ledge has been worked back any great distance, the lifts are

heavy, but are easily split along the reeds. Heads are not pres-

ent as a rule, but the side seams are quite regular.

26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The ledges are owned by James Maxwell of Saugerties, who
buys the output. The top lifts are usually harder than the
lower ones.

The following are the operators.

Daniel Darrigan, Saugerties. Bed of stone is 4 to 5 feet thick,
with 12 to 15 feet of rock top. Bed dips to the south and west
gently. Stone is of medium grain, good blue color, but very —
reedy. The lifts vary from 4” to 8” in thickness. Both systems
of vertical joints are present. The product includes all varie-
ties of marketable stone. Five to six men are employed.

Lahert Bros., Highwoods. Bed of stone 6 feet thick, with 9 feet
of top, 1 foot of which is rock, the balance being clay containing
boulders. Stone is light blue, fine grained and reedy. Lifts are
quite heavy, being as thick as 4 feet. Bed dips gently to the
southwest. The product is mainly curb. Four men are
employed during the year.

Daniel Darrigan, Veteran. Quarry on the same ledge as that
of Lahert Bros. One man employed during the year.

Mrs John Darrigan, Highwoods. The bed of stone here is 8 feet
thick, with 20 feet of clay and rock top. The stone is a darker
shade of blue than that in Laherts’ opening. A shale streak
also appears in the bed here. The product includes all varieties.
Four to five men are employed during the year. The quarry is
equipped with a hand derrick. | -

Richard Lannigan, Highwoods. The bed is the same in thick- |
ness and quality of stone as at Darrigan’s, but the top is some-
what different, consisting of 3 to 4 feet of clay, 4 feet of shale .
and 3 feet of rock. The top lifts of this bed are hard, while the
lower lifts are softer. No heads are present. The product is
chiefly edge stone. Four men are employed throughout the year.
A hand derrick is in use.

William Scott, Highwoods. The bed here is not quite so thick,
about 7 feet, with 10 or 12 feet of top, mostly shale. The quality
of stone is the same. Four men are employed during the year.

James Darrigan, Veteran postoffice. Three men are employed
at this quarry, which is close to Scott’s, and resembles that
quarry in the quality of bed and thickness.

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 27

_ Whittaker & Manterstuck, Veteran postoffice. This is on the
"same ledge as the preceding, but on the northern side of the hill.
- The bed is 7 to 8 feet thick, with only a clay.top of 3 feet. The
' quality of stone is the same as in the other quarries. On
' account of the dip and the direction of working, water is some-
' what troublesome. The lifts are 8” to 10” thick.

E.On ledges above the main ledge are numerous abandoned
' workings, a few of which are being reopened.

_ John Skchill, Veteran postoffice. The bed of stone is 4 to 5
| .feet thick, with 10 feet of rock and clay top. A shaly streak is
present in the bed. Only one man is employed, eight months in
the year. .

Lasher Bros., Veteran postoffice. This quarry is on a ledge
higher than Skchill’s and was abandoned at one time. The ‘bed
is 4 feet thick, with 20 feet of rock top. The stone is of good
_blue color, fine grained and reedy. Heads and side seams are
present, and the dip is to the south and west. Two men are
employed.
| South of Cockburn hill is the Highwoods district. | Three dif-
' ferent ledges are being worked. On the lowest and most east-
' ern seven firms are quarrying. All the ledges are being worked
to the west with the dip. On account of this, water is trouble-
- some in places. The bed of stone averages 12 feet in thickness.
The bedding is rather uneven in spots, which causes a great deal
of waste. The stone is fine grained, of good blue color and reedy
throughout the ledge. The ledge has been worked for a number
of years, and the lifts are heavy as arule. The side seams are
- quite regular and smooth, but tke heads are few and far apart.
The top is chiefly shale or pencil. Some shaly streaks appear in
the bed. The dip:is to the south and west. Blasting is some-
times necessary in getting out the stone.

The following are the operators.

Vedder & Hackett, Highwoods. The bed here is rough and sey-
eral pencil or shale streaks appear. Four men are employed.
_ The equipment consists of a steam boiler, pulsometer pump and
horse power derrick. The product is sold to the Ulster blue-
stone co. at Glasco.

28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Richard Rind, Highwoods. Works intermittently, just sou.h
of Vedder & Hackett.

Kelly & Hackett, Highwoods. The bed here is 12 feet thick,
with 10 feet of shale and clay top. The top 3 feet of bed are
hard, while the bottom 9 feet are softer, but do not split so well.
The product is mainly curb, which is sold to James Maxwell at
Glasco. Four men are employed. The equipment consists of
steam boiler, centrifugal pump and steam drill, which has not
been used in the quarry as yet.

Thomas Rafferty, Highwoods. The bed is rather rough here.
Two men are employed during the year. Edge stone forms the |
product, which is sold to James Maxwell at Glasco.

Riley Bros., Cockburn. Only 4 feet of the bed are being worked
here, owing to rough streaks in lower lifts. The shale top is 15
feet thick. The product is chiefly curb, which is hauled to
Glasco and sold to James Maxwell.

William Lannigan, Highwoods. The bed is 14 feet thick, with
12 to 25 feet of shale-top. The lifts vary from 14 inches to 4
feet. The product is sold to T. J. Dunn & Co. at Malden. Eight
to nine men are employed throughout the year. The quarry is
equipped with horse power derrick and pump.

Daniel Rafferty, Cockburn. Works on this same ledge inter-
mittently.

Two quarries are worked on the ledge to the west and the
above described ledge. The bed is 11 feet thick, with the shale
top 15 to 20 feet thick. Rough streaks occur in the bed occa-
sionally. The stone is fine grained,reedy and of a good blue color,
and is easily worked. The lifts vary from 6 inches to 3 feet.
The side seams are smooth and regular, 3 to 10 feet apart.
Water is troublesome in a wet season. The product from the
two quarries is chiefly curbstone and is sold to Thomas J. Dunn
& Co. at Malden. The following are the operators.

Lawrence Kenney, Kingston. Employs eight to nine men
throughout the year. The equipment of the quarry consists of
horse power derrick and pump.

Levi Carle, Cockburn. Two men are employed during the year.
A hand derrick is the eauipment.

x

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 29

The next ledge to the west is known as “High bank.” Only
four quarries are in active operation, though this*ledge and the
one below it have been extensively opened for some distance.
The bed of stone averages 6 feet thick, with various thicknesses
and kinds of top. The stone is fine grained, of dark blue color,
and with numerous reeds. Side seams and heads are both pres-

_ ent at varying distances apart. The dip of the bed is the same

as that of the other ledges south and west. The bed has rough
streaks through it and cross bedding is seen. Stone and rock
are interbedded in spots. The lifts vary from 6 inches to 3 feet.
The top and bottom lifts are hard, while the middle of the bed is
softer. The product includes all the varieties of marketable
stone and is sold to James Maxwell at Glasco.

The following are the operators.

Conlon Bros., Cockburn. Six to eight men are employed
throughout the year. A siphon handles all the water.

Hackett & McCormick, Highwoods. Four to five men are
employed throughout the year.

Hackett Bros., Cockburn. Three men are employed throughout
the year.

Jake Connor, Highwoods. One man works intermittently at
this southern end of the opening.

Three quarters of a mile west of the “High bank” ledge a num-
ber of quarries have been opened. It is not possible to say
whether these quarries are on the same ledge, as there is no
continuous opening.

Carle & York, Highwoods. This quarry is situated 14 miles
southwest of Highwoods and more men are employed than in
any other quarry in Ulster county. The quarry has not been
opened on the outcrop of the ledge, which is the usual rule. The
opening is in the shape of a rectangular pit in the middle of a
level field. The ledge is worked on three sides of the pit, the
perimeter of the face being 425 feet. The dip of the bed is gentle
and to the west mainly. The water collects in the western end,
and is pumped out by a rotary pump driven by steam. The top
is hardpan 3 to 4 feet thick and is troublesome to strip. It is
blown off as much as possible with powder, the balance being

30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

-handled by shovels and barrows. The bed varies in thickness,
varying from 8 to 8 feet, averaging 6 feet. Stone and rock are
interbedded throughout the whole bed.. The stone is fine
grained and of good blue. The top lifts are harder than the
lower ones. It is excellent stone for mill work. Side seams
are regular and smooth and are from 1 foot to 8 feet apart.
No heads are present. The product is sold to the Ulster blue-
stone co. at Glasco and to the Hudson river bluestone co. at Sau-

_gerties. Fifteen men are employed 10 months in the year.
$8000 is the value of the product for the season. Quarry is

equipped with horse power derrick. .

James Van Aken, Highwoods. Quarry is north of Carle &
York’s. The bed of stone averages 12 feet in thickness, with 7
feet of clay and 5 feet of shale top. The stone is fine grained, of
good blue color, reedy and compact. The lifts vary from 6” to
14”, The reeds in the stone are said to be very tight. Water is
troublesome and is handled by a steam-driven rotary pump.
Powder is used in quarrying the stone, as well as the top, owing
to the absence of heads. The side seams are regular and smooth
ani 10 to 25 feetapart. Five men are employed during the year.
The product of various kinds is sent to James Maxwell at Glasco
and Saugerties.

Nelson Felton, Highwoods. This quarry is $ mile north of Van
Aken’s. The bed of stone averages 7 feet, with 8 to 10 feet of
shale top. A number of slaty seams appear in the bed, whichis —
rather rough. The stone is fine grained, of good blue color and —
reedy. The lifts vary from 4” to 12”. The bed pitches to the
south and west gently. The side seams vary from 1 foot to 4
feet apart. No heads are present. The product of edge stone
is sold to Hudson river bluestone co. at Saugerties. The equip-
ment of the quarry includes steam-driven rotary pump and horse
power derrick. Seven to eight men are employed throughout —
the year. :

Van Bramer Bros., Highwoods. This quarry is northwest of-
Felton’s. Bed is 8 to 9 feet thick, 6 feet of which are workable
stone, the balance being rubbish interbedded with the stone.

’ BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 3k

~ There is not much variation in the quality of the bed. The top
_ is of hardpan 5 feet thick. The stone is a good blue in color,
- fine grained and reedy. The lifts vary from 8 inches to 3 feet. The
' product consists chiefly of edge stone, which is sold to James
- Maxwell at Glasco. Four men are employed during the year.
7 ‘A hand derrick is the only equipment.

a William Doyle, Highwoods. One‘man works on same ledge as
P Van Bramer intermittently.

' Benjamin Meyers, Highwoods. Quarry situated north of Van
Bramer. Bed is 5 to 6 feet thick with 7 to 10 feet of rock top.
4 The stone is fine grained, reedy and dark blue. The bed has the
' usual dip to the southwest. The lifts vary from 2” to 12”. No
4 heads are present. The product includes all varieties and is
sold to James Maxwell at Glasco. Three to four men are
¥ employed during the year. The equipment consists of a siphon
> and hand derrick.

Carle Bros., Cockburn. Bed of stone varies from 2 to 34 feet in
| thickness. The top consists of rock and clay 5 feet thick. The
q stone is fine grained, reedy and of good blue color. The lifts
| vary from 2” to 6”. No heads are present and the side seams
3 are variable. The bed dips to the south and west. The product
‘ of flag and curb is sold to the Ulster bluestone co. at Glasco.
_ Three to four men are employed.

F Wesley Greene, Highwoods. This quarry was stripped of the
' upper bed and abandoned for 25 years. A lower bed of 2 feet is
_ now being quarried. The top consists chiefly of rubbish from
4 the old bed 3 to 8 feet thick. The stone is fine grained, of good
_ blue color. The product is curb and flag, which is sold to James
_ Maxwell at Glasco and to Ulster bluestone co. at Saugerties.
_ Two to three men are employed nine months in the year. A
_-hand derrick is in use.

James Depuy, Highwoods. Quarry situated 1 mile southwest
_ of Fish Creek. The bed of stone is 4 feet thick, with rough
streaks through it, and is about exhausted. Top consists of
_ shale 2 feet thick. The stone is fine grained, of good blue color,
and reedy. The lifts vary from 5” to 6”. Curb and flag are the

32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

principal products, which are sold to Ulster bluestone co. at
Saugerties. Three men are employed during the year.

Charles Green, Highwoods. Quarry situated near Highwoods
postoffice. The bed of stone is 6 to 8 feet thick and is badly
shattered in places. The top varies from 2 to 15 feet of rock
and streaks of shale. The bed dips to the southwest. The
stone is fine grained, of good blue color, and somewhat reedy..
The quarry is being worked toward the east. The lifts vary
from 3” to 12’. The side seams are 2 to 12 feet apart. Product

is sold to Ulster bluestone co. at Malden. The equipment con- —

sists of horse power derrick and siphon. Four men are em-
ployed during the year.

South of the Highwoods district are the quarries near Dutch
Settlement. Here, as at other points, the industry has declined
of late years. The description of the quarries follows.

John Vederkill, Ruby. Bed of stone 4 feet thick with 6 feet of
stripping, of which 5 feet are clay, balance rock. The stone is
of fair quality as to color and grain. The lifts are quite heavy.
The bed here dips to the north and west. Product is chiefly
curb and other edge stone. The product is sold to Ulster blue-
stone co. Four to five men are employed nine months in the
year. |

Henry Hart, Ruby. The bed of stone is 2 feet thick with 1 foot
of soil top and 2 of rock. The stone is of fair quality regarding
color and grain. The lifts are light, flag being the main product.
The joints are irregular and tight. Only one man is employed.
The stone is sold to James Maxwell at Glasco. |

J. A. Longendyke, Ruby. This quarry is near Hart’s and on the
same ledge. The lifts are somewhat heavier, the product being
edge stone. Three men are employed during the year. The
product is sold to James Maxwell at Glasco. The quarry is
equipped with siphon to drain the water.

Conrad Young, Ruby. The bed of stone is 4 feet with a top
rock of 2 feet. The stone is rather fine grained and good blue
in color. The bed dips south and west. Some reeds are found
in the stone. The product is of all varieties and is sold at

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 33

Glasco to James Maxwell. Three men are employed throughout
the year.

Charles Steifle, Bebe Bed of stone is 5 feet thick with 6 feet of
rock top. The stone is of good quality. The quarry is the best
in the district. The lifts vary from 2” to 6”. The bed dips to
the south and west. Product includes all varieties, and is sold
to James Maxwell at Glasco. Four men are employed during
the year. | ; |

J. Gaddis & Son, Ruby. This quarry is on ledge above Steifle’s
and is very small. The bed is 3 feet thick, with 5 feet of rock

top. The product is sold to James Maxwell at Glasco. Two

men are employed.

Jake Stice, Ruby. The bed of stone is 5 feet thick with 10 feet
of rock top. The product of flag is of good quality. Lifts are
light and easily raised from the bed. The bed of stone rests on
pencil. The face of the quarry extends north and south 75 feet.
The bed dips to the south and west ata gentleangle. Product is
bought by Ulster bluestone co. at Glasco. Three men are em-
ployed eight months in the year.

Van ‘Hoevenburg & Nuger, Ruby. The bed of stone is 10 feet
thick with 15 feet of rock top. The dip of the bed is to the
south and west. The quality of the stone is very fair. All
varieties are produced and sold to James Maxwell at Glasco.
Three men are employed during the year.

McDonald & Lahey, Ruby. The bed of stone is 4 feet thick
with 12 feet of rock top stripping above. The stone is fine
grained, of good blue color and somewhat reedy. The bed
pitches to the north and west gently. The product including
all varieties is sold to James Maxwell at Glasco. Two men are
employed.

Hart & Burns, Ruby. The quarry is on the same ledge as
McDonald & Lahey’s. The bed varies from 5 feet to 7 feet in
thickness here, with 5 feet of rock stripping. The water from
both quarries collects here and is drained by a pipe. The qual-
ity of the stone is the same. The product, chiefly flag, is sold
to James Maxwell at Glasco. Three men are employed.

34 NEW YCKK STATE MUSEUM

Scheffel & Krell, Ruby. The bed of stone is 8 feet thick, with
15 feet of rock stripping. The stone is of good color and qual-
ity. The lifts are quite heavy, producing chiefly edge stone.
Water is troublesome and a siphon is in use. The product is.
sold to James Maxwell at Glasco. Two to four men are em-
ployed.

Constance Halbleib, Ruby. The bed of stone is 8 feet thick,
with a rock top-of 30 feet. The ledge has been worked for 400
yards and was very productive at one time. The stone is of
good quality as to color and grain. The lifts are heavy but
reedy. The product consists of edge stone, which is sold to
Ulster bluestone co. at Glasco. Three men are employed six
months in the year.

Sheehan Bros., Ruby. The bed of stone is 8 feet thick, with 25 —
feet of rock top. The stone is of medium fine grain, good color
and reedy. The lifts are quite heavy, ledge stone being produced
principally. The product is sold to Ulster bluestone co. at
Glasco. Two men are employed throughout the year. ;

Lannigan Bros., Cockburn postoffice. The bed of stone is 5 feet
thick with 10 feet of rock stripping. The stone is fine erained,
reedy, and of good blue color. The lifts vary in thickness from
— 2/’ to 6”. All varieties of salable stone are produced, and sold
to James Maxwell at Glasco. The quarry is equipped with
derrick and horse power pump. Four men are employed during
the year.

South from Dutch Settlement are the quarries on Hallihan
hill. These are nearly exhausted now, though some are worked ~
intermittently. The only permanent operator is

Chris. McGuire, Katrine. The bed of stone is 44 feet thick,
with 14 to 15 feet of rock top. The stone is of good quality
and works fairly well. The product of all varieties is sold to
James Maxwell at Glasco. Two to three men are employed
intermittently.

Along Sawkilt creek a number of quarries have been opened,
but only four are in active operation.

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BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 35

T. McDonald, Sawkill. Quarry is situated 250 feet above the
bed of Sawkill creek on the north side. The bed of stone is
6 feet thick, with 10 feet of rock top. The stone is of excellent
quality as to color and grain. Some powder is used in blasting
out the bed, owing to the tight joints. The product, edge stone
and rock, is sold to Hewitt Boice at Kingston, who owns the
ledge. Six to seven men are employed.

John McCaffery & Co., Sawkill. This quarry is situated in the

bed of the creek on the north side. A flume has been put in

for keeping the creek waters out of the auarry, which is being
worked below the level of the creek. The bed of stone is 10
feet thick, with 12 feet of rock stripping. The bed is somewhat
thicker than 10 feet, but is not worked. The stone is of me-
dium grain, of good blue color and reedy. The vertical jointing
is all north and south. All varieties of commercial stone are
produced, and sold to Hewitt Boice at Kingston. A horse
power derrick isin use. Four to five men are employed through-
out the year.
W. McCaffery, Sawkill. The quarry is on ledge overlying Mc-
Caffery & Co.’s quarry. The bed of stone is 4 feet thick, with
rock top of 6 feet. The stone is of the same quality as usual

along the Sawkill. Julius Osterhoudt owns the ledge and buys

all the stone quarried. One man and one boy employed during

the year.
South of the Sawkill is the Jockey hill district. One ledge
has been opened for nearly a mile in length, and a number of

_ firms are quarrying stone from it. Two more ledges above the

main one have been opened and are being worked on a small

scale. This hill was once very productive, but, as in other
places in Ulster county, the industry has declined. Old rubbish
heaps are to be seen on every part of the hill.

The main ledge averages 8 feet of stone, which is medium
grained, grayish blue and somewhat reedy. The stripping is
of rock 5 to 6 feet and clay 4 to 12 feet. The ledge is owned

by Julius Osterhoudt and Hewitt Boice, to whom the stone is

36 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

sold at Wilbur and Kingston. ‘The price of cartage here is
based on the number of feet of stone per load. 1c an inch of
thickness per square foot of surface is paid for hauling “ rock”
to market. 6c a linear foot is paid for curbing.

The dip of the ledge is to the north and west. The opening
extends north and south, so that the quarries at the northern
end receive the water from the other quarries. Owing to differ-
ent depths of the different workings, water is troublesome in
nearly all the quarries. The water is drained by siphons of
2” cast iron pipes, equipped with a small hand pump at the
apex; 10 to 15 feet is the usual fall allowed. These siphons,
when the pipe is well jointed, are very efficient, Beeaa a
large amount of water in a short time.

The thickness of the lifts varies from the top to the bottom,
the top lifts are light, 2” to 3”, while the lower ones are heavier,
6” to 10”. Obviously, the top lifts produce flag, and the lower
lifts edge stone and rock. Many of the quarries are equipped
with a hand derrick for handling the heavy stones. A rough
streak appears in some parts of the ledge 2 feet thick and causes
some waste. The vertical jointing is north and south, and east
and west. Owing to the tightness of these joints, powder is
often necessary in the lower lifts.

The following are the operators.

James Howard, Sawkill. Two men employed during the year.

John Murphy, Sawkill. Three men are employed during the
year. A siphon is used for drainage. .

Thomas Hayes, Sawkill. Five men are employed throughout
the year.

Burns Bros., Sawkill. Four men are employed. A hand der-
rick is in use. ,

T. McDonald, Sawkill. Ten men are employed throughout the
year. The equipment consists of siphon and hand derrick.

B. C. Callahan, Sawkill. Three men are employed.

W. Sheely, Kingston. This quarry used to employ 10 men, but
only two are at work now. Water is very troublesome and two —
siphons are in operation. A hand derrick is also part of the
equipment.

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BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 3O7

William Charlton, Sawkill. Two men employed the year round.

Quarry equipped with siphon.

W. F. Watson, Sawkill. Two men employed. A siphon is in
use.

Sheehan Bros., Sawkill. This quarry is on ledge above the
main Jockey hill ledge and is only opened here. The bed of
stone is of rather poor quality and only 4 feet thick. The strip-
ping amounts to from 15 to 18 feet of clay and rock. The ledge
is owned by Hewitt Boice, who buys the output at Kingston.

Two men are employed.

Tom Gad, West Hurley. Quarry is situated on Morey hill just
west of Jockey hill. The bed of stone is 10 feet thick with 20
feet of shale stripping. The face of opened ledge is 250 feet
long in a north and south direction. The stone is medium
grained and of good blue color. Reeds are present. The side
seams are regular and smooth. The product is almost entirely
edge stone, which is sold to different buyers in Kingston. Eight
men are employed in the quarry.

Mrs J. McRieff, West Hurley. Quarry on same ledge as Gad’s,
but located on opposite side of the hill. The quality and thick-
ness of bed is the same, but the stripping is 30 feet of shale.
The product is sold to Hewitt Boice at Kingston. Two men are
employed.

Following this line of quarries south from Jockey Hill, it
turns westward in a direction parallel to the Rondout creek
through the following quarry districts: Stony Hollow and
West Hurley, Morgan hill, Lapala, Atwood, Vly, Scarawan and
_ Mackey hill. The quarries will be described in order.

At Stony Hollow and West Hurley the same conditions hold
as in many others of the districts in Ulster county, viz, the beds
have been worked out as the stripping has become too heavy for
profitable operation.

Owen Grant, West Hurley. Quarry is at Stony Hollow. Bed
of stone is 10 feet thick, with an equal amount of stripping of
rock. The stone is of excellent quality for curb and cross walks.
It is not suitable for building purposes, as small round spots in

38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the stone stain badly when exposed to the weather. The lifts
vary from 4” to 8” in thickness. Side seams and heads are both
present. The quarry is equipped with horse power pump and
two dump carts. The product is hauled to Wilbur and sold to
various dealers at Wilbur. Twelve men are employed. .

Doyle & Co., West Hurley. The bed of stone is 10 feet thick
with 15 to 18 feet of stripping. The stone is fine grained, blue-
colored and reedy. The ledge has been opened 100 feet in a
north and south direction. The vertical joints are well devel-
oped. The product is sold to various dealers at Wilbur. Six
men are employed.

T. J. Conroy, West Hurley. The bed of stone is 10 feet thick,
with 25 to 28 feet of rock and shale top; the lifts vary from 4”
to 8”; and the stone is very dark blue and fine grained. The
systems of vertical joints are well developed. The length of face
is 75 feet. The product is sold to the Hudson river bluestone
co. at Wilbur. Three men are employed.

James Devine, West Hurley. Bed of stone 12 feet thick, with |
20 feet of rock top. The stone is dark blue and fine grained.
Reeds are present. The lifts vary from 4” to 10” in thickness.
The vertical joints are quite tight, and powder is used in blast-
ing out the heavier lifts. The product is sold to the Hudson
river bluestone co. at Wilbur. Four men are employed.

John Purcell, West Hurley. Bed of stone is 10 feet thick, with
a 10 foot thickness of rock overburden. The stone is dark blue
and rather fine grained. The lifts are heavy and are split along
the reeds. The vertical joints are tight and powder is used in
getting out bottom lifts. The product, chiefly edge stone, is sold
to the Hudson river bluestone co. at Wilbur. Three men are

employed the vear round. |
~ McConnell & Charleton Co., West Hurley. This is a very small
quarry with 4 fect of bed and 5 feet of rock top. Face is 50 feet
long in a north and south direction. The stone is of the average
quality of this district. The product is sold to the Hudson river
bluestone co. at Wilbur. Two men only are employed.

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BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES of

Lamb Bros., West Hurley. This is another small quarry with
only 3 feet of bed, with 7 feet of stripping. The stone is not as
good a blue as is usual in the district, and only small sizes of
stone are produced. The quarry is equipped with a siphon. The
product is sold to Hewitt Boice, Kingston. Two men are em-
ployed. |

James O’Neill, West Hurley. The quarry is situated 4 mile
southwest of West Hurley. The bed of stone is 8 feet thick,
with an average thickness of stripping of 10 feet. The lifts vary
from 4” to 20”. ‘The stone is fine grained and of good blue color.
The two systems of vertical jointing are present. The bed
dips to the south and west. Some blasting is necessary in
quarrying some of the heavier lifts. The Knox system is used.
The water is drained by a ditch and horse power pump. The
length of face in a north and south direction is 350 feet. The
output includes all varieties of marketable stone, and is hauled
by wagon to Hewitt Boice at Kingston. O’Neill does his own
hauling, and at 70c a ton a profit is made. Ten men are em-
ployed 10 months in the year. 6000 is the value of the product
per year.

Martin Lane, West Hurley. This is an old abandoned quarry
opened up this year. The face is 75 feet long, in a north and
south direction. The bed of stone is 7 feet thick with 10 feet
of shale and rock top. The stone is of fair quality and quite
reedy. The lifts vary from 4” to 20” and can be split to almost
any thickness. The bed dips to the south and west. The out-
put is sold to various dealers at Wilbur, where it is hauled by
wagon. A siphon is in use. Three men are employed.

South of West Hurley and Stony Hollow is the Morgan hill
and Hurley woods district. The quarries are nearly all aban-
doned now, only a few men quarrying regularly. Quarrying and
farming are carried on together. .

Dunn Bros., Hurley. The bed of stone is 4 to 5 feet thick, with
15 to 18 feet of rock stripping. The stone is of medium grain,

of good blue color, and reedy. The lifts vary from 4” to 8”.

40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The side seams and heads are well developed. The dip of the
bed is to the southwest. The quarry is worked on a very small
scale with two men. The product is hauled to Wilbur and
Kingston.

Toole Bros., West Hurley. The bed is 44 feet thick and rather
rough. The stripping of rock averages 12 feet. The stone is of
medium grain and good blue color. The lifts vary from 4” to
12” and are split into various thicknesses along the reeds. This
quarry has been extensively worked, but, as the quarrymen say,
“the rock has dipped down into the stone.” The product of
chiefly edge stone is sold to Hudson river bluestone co. at
Wilbur. Three men are employed.

The other quarrymen working at various localities in this
district are:

Thomas F. Scully, Hurley.

Fred Krantz, Hurley.

Frank McMullen, West Hurley.

In the Lapala and Roseville districts the following quarry-
men are working.

Winchell Bros., Lomontville. The bed of stone is 4 feet thick,
with 8 to 10 feet of stripping of rock and clay. The stone is
of medium fine grain and fair blue color. The lifts vary from
4” to 5” and are worked mostly into edge stone. The vertical
joint systems are as usual. The dip of the bed is to the north
and west. Product is sold to Hewitt Boice at Kingston. A
siphon is in use. Three men are employed during the year.

A. De Graff, Hurley. The bed of stone varies from 2 to 6 feet
in thickness, with 14 to 18 feet of shale and rock stripping. The
stone is of good color and grain, but some rough streaks in the
bed make a great deal of waste. The dip of the bed is to the
northwest. The quarry is equipped with hand pump. Stone is
sold to different dealers on the Hudson. Product, flag and edge
stone. Two men are employed.

Clearwater, Conner & Hotaling, Hurley. This quarry is on same
ledge as De Graff’s, and the thickness of bed and stone is the

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 41

same. Different dealers buy the stone. Three men are em-
ployed.

_ Thomas Sampson, Hurley. The bed of stone is only 2 feet thick,
but has a light top of 4 feet. The quarry is in the bed of Stony
creek. The lifts are 4” to 6” thick, producing chiefly edge stone.
‘The grain is fine and the color good. The stone is sold to Julius
Osterhoudt at Wilbur. Four men are employed through the
year.

W. H. Miller, Lomontville. This quarry is situated on what
is known as the Irving ledge, which has been opened for 800
yards in a north and south direction. The bed ranges in thick-
ness from 2 to 6 feet with a top of varying hight. The stone
is fine grained, of good blue color, and reedy. The ledge is
known for the great amount of large “rock” produced. This
is the main product today. The vertical joints are very much
stained with iron. The stone is sold to Hewitt Boice and the
Hudson river bluestone co. Miller employs three men. Water
drained by a siphon.

_ The following also quarry on this ledge:

_ Ennis & Jones, Lomontville. Two men employed.

John Clearwater, Hurley. Two men employed.

J. Scriver, Hurley. Three men employed.

William Gooches, Lomontville. Two men employed.

William R. Brodhead, Hurley. The bed of stone averages 6
feet, with stripping of clay, shale and rock of 14 feet. The
stone is of the average quality of the district. The lifts vary
from 2” to 8”, and all varieties of stone are produced. A hand
pump is used for draining the water. The output is sold to
Hewitt Boice at Kingston. Three men are employed.

: John J. Sampson, Hurley. The bed of stone is 4 to 5 feet thick,
with a rock streak 2 feet thick dividing the bed. The stripping
amounts to 9 feet of rock and clay; the latter is 1 foot thick.
The product is of all varieties and is of the usual grade of this
district. Hewitt Boice at Kingston is the buyer. Three men

49 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Winchell Bros., Hurley. The bed of stone is 8 feet thick, with
a top of shale 25 to 30 feet thick. The stone is fine grained, of'
good blue color, and reedy. The bed dips to the ‘southwest
gently. The ledge has been opened up 200 feet along the side
seams. The lifts are heavy, 6” to 9”, and the product is princi-
pally rock. Hewitt Boice owns the ledge and buys all the
product. Four men are employed.

Cornelius Goebel, Lomontville. The bed of stone is 6 feet thick,
with 12 to 14 feet of rock top. Some stone is taken out of the
top rock, but very little. The bed dips north and west. The -
stone is of the average quality. All varieties of salable stone
are quarried, and sold to Hewitt Boice at Kingston. A siphon
is in use. Three men are employed during the season.

Robert Elliott, Hurley. The bed of stone is 12 feet thick, with
14 feet of rock stripping. ‘The stone is fine grained, reedy, and
of good blue color. The vertical joints are regular and stained
badly with iron. The dip of the bed is to the north and west.
The lifts vary from 3” to 10”, giving a variety of products. The
quarry is equipped with horse power pump and derrick. Hewitt
Boice of Kingston buys the product. Four to five men are
employed throughout the year.

The quarries south of the Lapala district are all small in size
and number. The region through Atwood and Vly was quite
productive at one time. South of Vly the Scarawan quarries
are being worked on a small scale. The end of this productive
line is at Mackey hill west of Kripple Bush, where a long ledge.
has been opened. |

The following are at work in the vicinity of Vly and Atwood.

Green L. Davis, Atwood. <A very small quarry between At-
wood and Vly. The bed of stone is 4 feet thick, with 10 feet of
rock and dirt top. The lifts vary from 4” to 8”. The stone is
of average quality and is sold at Wilbur to different buyers.
One man employed. :

Lockwood & Krom, Atwood. This ledge has been opened up
for some distance. The bed is 4 feet in thickness, with 6 feet
of rock and 1 foot of clay top. The stone is rather coarse

Ce a
e ®

a
-

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 43

grained and of good blue color. The lifts vary from 2” to 6” in
thickness. The dip of the bed is to the north and west. The

_ bed is said to work “hard,” and the bedding planes are not

smooth. The north and south joining is prominent, and the
sides are stained with iron. The stone is hauled 12 miles to

Kingston and 14 miles to Wilbur. Two men are employed.

rl

Besides the above firm the following are quarrying on the same

& ledge.

George Winchell, Atwood.

Bush & De Boice, Atwood. Three men are employed eight
months in the year.

Charles Ennis, Atwood. One man employed.

The quarries in the Scarawan district are as follows.

Turner Bros., Stone Ridge. The ledge of stone is 12 feet thick,
in which 3 feet is the thickness of the workable stone. No
sharp line of demarcation between the rock and stone is to be
seen. The rock and stone are interbedded. The stone is coarse
grained, of good blue color and with few reeds. The top lifts
are light, producing flag, while the lower lifts are heavier, 5” to
8”; The north and south joints are prominent. The bed dips
to the north and west. Two men are employed.

The following are also quarrying on this ledge.

Snow & Smith, Kripple Bush. Two men are employed eight
months. |

Wagner & Krum, Kripple Bush. This quarry is on ledge just
above Turner Bros. and is of the same character. The bed of
stone is 3 feet thick, interbedded with 9 feet of rock. Two men
are employed.

The following operate on the same ledge occasionally.

J: H. Beatty, Viy. All the Scarawan quarries haul their stone
to High Falls on the canal, where it is loaded on barges for ship-
ment. Julius Osterhoudt is the buyer at High Falls.

Jason Beatty, Kripple Bush. This quarry is situated 4 mile
east of the Scarawan quarries, but the stone is of the same
quality and character. The bed is 8 feet thick, with 4 feet of
rock top. The stone is hauled to High Falls to Julius Oster-
houdt. One man is employed.

44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The opening on Mackey hill is 1 mile long and extends part
way around the hill. The bed of stone is 10 to 12 feet thick,
with a top ranging from 12 to 35 feet in thickness. The top is
entirely shale, which when stripped has not been disposed of
well, as the quarries are badly blocked in places with rubbish.
The stone is rather fine grained, of good blue color and reedy.
The lifts are very heavy, 10” to 24”. The top lifts donot spht
well, but the lower ones do. The ledge dips to the south and
west, and the water, following the dip, collects at the southern
end, where it is removed by siphons. A number of firms are
quarrying on the ledge, and many have hand derricks in use.
The side seams and head-offs are all tight, sometimes requiring
blasting in lower lifts. The product is edge stone and “ rock,”
which is hauled to High Falis on the canal.

The following are quarrymen, all of Kripple Bush.

Osterhoudt & Barley. Two men employed eight months in the
vear.

Beatty & Vandermark. Two men employed the year round. —

W.D. Roosa. Four men employed during the year. The prod-
uct sold by the quarryman at Port Jackson to various markets. —
Quarry equipped with hand power derrick.

Davis Bros. Two men employed the year round.

Jacob McMullin. Two men employed the year round.

Rose Bros. Two men employed the year round. Quarry
equipped with horse power derrick and pump.

Greene Bros. Two men work intermittently. Quarry equipped
with hand derrick and siphon. |

0. E. Christian. Two men employed intermittently.

Hector Connor. One man and two boys employed the year
round. . |

To the west of the northern part of this main range of quar-
ries, viz west of the Quarryville, Fish Creek and Highwoods dis-
‘tricts, the ledges of stone are terraced one above another, form-
ing as it were the foothills of the Catskill mountains. A num-
ber of quarries have been opened in these ledges, but only a few
are worked at present. The stone is of poor quality, not evenly —

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES . 45

A

bedded and very apt to “slack” or disintegrate on exposure.
Near Fawns a ledge 14 miles long has been opened, but is now
Bibandoned.

On the eastern face, of the mountains, from Ae Mountain
house to Woodstock, and in the Kaaterskill and Plaaterskill
cloves quarries are being worked. This stone is known as the
mountain stone and differs from the stone quarried lower down
| in the vertical scale, in color, texture and appearance. The
color i is very variable, the grain is almost invariably coarse, and
‘few reeds are present. There is less danger from “ slacking”
or disintegration on exposure, and it is a stronger stone than
the fine grained, reedy stone of Quarryville and other similar
districts. There is a distinct preference, however, for the
typical bluestone; so the mountain stone does not stand high
with the buyers.

' Quarries have been opened on at least eight different
levels on the eastern side of the mountain. On the southern side
only one quarry is in active operation. The beds of stone vary
in thickness from 4 feet to 12 feet. The amount of top, or over-
burden, depends on the length of time the quarry has been

worked. As the beds are worked out into the mountain, the top
‘increases. When the quarries are first opened, the stone
‘is lighter and sold for flag. As the bed is worked deeper into
‘the side of the mountain, the stone becomes heavier, and rock
and edge stone are the chief products. The large sized stones
4 are rock, such as platforms etc.; edge stone is 20 inch curb, sills
and jointers.

The top is of rock and slate of a very decided reddish color.
1 his red in places runs into the bed, and a red stone is some-
Times quarried, but is looked on with disfavor by the buyers.
‘The beds are of a rather light blue color, which has a greenish
7 tinge when dressed, or after being exposed to the weather.
| This greenish tinge is typical of the stone from this mountain
‘and of the mountain to the south.

The joints run nearly north and south and east and west. The
joints running north and south are known as side seams, while

46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the east and west joints are called headers. “ Blocks” is the
name for the strips of stone between the side seams. The stone
is quite free from reeds and does not slake after exposure. All
splitting is done along the seams. The dip of the bed is very
slight on the eastern side of the mountain to the west and
south; while on the southern side west and north the beds are
nearly horizontal. iM

The texture, or grain, varies from coarse to fine. It is a
usual thing to find that the top lifts of a bed are fine grained, ~
while the bottom lift is quite coarse. The coarse grained stone
is stronger and less likely to slake; and is also heavier. '

The stone from the different quarries on the mountain does
not vary much. The same condition and variations of texture,
color, and top are met with at all levels. The quarry openings
show a thickness of these alternating beds of shale, rock, and
bluestone of 2000 feet. The joints are tight and loose, varying
with the different openings. The side seams are in many places
stained with iron.

A number of ledges with good beds of stone are exposed, but
not opened, as the owners do not care to have the mountain dis-
figured with the rubbish piles. The top is disposed of mostly
by dumping down the mountain side. |

The stone is all hauled to Malden and sold to the Ulster blue-
stone co. . .

West of Dutch Settlement and West Hurley the bluestone
belt widens, stretching over the 500 foot plateau which borders
the mountains on the southeast. The stone from this*territory
is hauled to Brodhead’s Bridge and other stations on the Ulster
and Delaware railroad. .

Beyond Brodhead’s Bridge, along the Ulster and Delaware
railroad, stone is quarried in the mountains as far as Grand
gorge. This stone is of various colors, but is sold in the market
as bluestone. The stone is shipped by way of the Ulster and
Delaware railroad to Rondout, where it is loaded on barges for
shipment to-the eastern markets by tide water.

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 47

4q The quarries on the terraces between the mountains and the
Highwoods district are as follows: |
_ Hommell Bros., Fawns. Quarry is 1? miles northeast of West
‘ Saugerties. The bed of stone is 8 feet thick, with 15 feet of
shale top. The stone is medium grain, of good blue color, but
reedy. The lifts are evenly bedded, but the stone works “ scal-
lopy.” The product is chiefly edge stone, which is sold to Ulster
bluestone co. at Malden. Two men are employed intermittently.
j Hommell & Ransome, Fawns. Two men employed on same
ledge. Quarry equipped with small hand derrick. |
Wolven Bros, Fawns. Quarry 15 miles northeast of West
Saugerties and £ mile south of Hommell Bros. The bed of
; Stone is 4 to 5 feet thick, with 12 to 15 feet of red shale top.
The stone is rather coarse grained and a good blue. The bed
dips to the southwest. Side seams and heads are present and
regular. These vertical joints are tight, making hard quarrying.
: The lifts vary from 4” to 6”. Product is chiefly edge stone,
which is sold to James Maxwell at Saugerties. Quarry equip-
Z ment consists of a horse power pump and hand derrick. Two
~ men are employed throughout the year.
The quarries in the vicinity of Palenville are as follows.
Sylvester Stone & Christopher Hawley, Palenville. Quarry
| northwest of Palenville on the mountain side at an elevation

of 1160 feet. The bed of stone is 5 feet thick, with 20 feet
: of top, one half shale and one half rock. The stone is coarse
: grained and greenish blue. Some reeds are present, but split
» very unevenly. The lifts vary from 4” to 20”. Both side seams
and “ headers ” were present when this ledge was first opened,
- but the headers have run out. The bed dips to the south and
west. The product is chiefly edge stone, which is hauled 13
miles to Ulster bluestone co. at Malden. Two to three men are
employed. Two or three loads (83 to 4 tons each) a week are pro-
duced 8 months in the year.

Lee Wolven & Frank Simmons, Palenville. Quarry is 250 feet
above Stone’s. 9 feet of good stone are worked, which is cov-

48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ered with 18 feet of dirt and loose rock. The stone is of same
quality and character as Stone’s. The product is sold to Ulster
bluestone co. at Malden. Two to three men are employed during
the year. Three loads a week of four tons each.

Lyman Lamouree, Palenville. This quarry is 200 feet above
Palenville, on the mountain side at an elevation of 780 feet.
The quality of bed and character are the same as Stone’s. The
color is reddish. Bed is 10 feet thick with 20 feet of rock and
shale top. One man employed intermittently.

Stewart & Dolan, Palenville. Two men employed very inter-
mittently on the mountain.

P. A. Moon, Palenville. Quarry is situated just south of Otis
elevated railroad, 300 feet from base of mountain. The bed is
very irregular, 2 to 6 feet thick, with rock stripping of 8 feet.
The product is principally flag and is a little more green than
usual, but the stohe is of poor quality, and the quarry is worked
irregularly. Product sold to Ulster bluestone co. at Malden,
and also locally. One man and one boy employed.

Frank Symmonds, Palenville. One man employed occasionally
on same ledge as Moon. This bed when worked back into the
inountain gives out; that is, the stone changes into “ rock.”

J. H. Wolven, Palenville. Quarry on north side of the Kaaters-
kill clove, 22 miles west of Palenville and 500 feet above the
bottom of the clove at this point. The bed of stone is 8 feet
thick, with 30 to 35 feet of top, including 7 to 8 feet of shale.
The stone is of the greenish tinge characteristic of this district,
and coarse grained. A few reeds are present. The lifts vary in
thickness from 2” to 8”. The dip of the bed here is north and
west. The quarry is worked toward the north, the face running
east. and west. The product is hauled 15 miles to Ulster blue-
stone co. at Malden. A hand derrick is in use. Four men are
employed during the year and six to seven loads of stone a week
are drawn during eight months in the year.

The stone is comparatively soft for mill treatment, but tough,
and may “chip out” under a plainer. The quarrymen say they
have found streaks of coal and “ shiny?’ in the beds. This latter

heal

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 49

is probably pyrites. The same ledge has been opened up farther

east, but is not worked there now.

Hommell & Rightmeyer, Palenville. Quarry situated on south

| side of Kaaterskill clove, opposite Wolven. The bed is thin,

3 feet with 12 to 15 feet of rock t p. The dip is to the southwest,
showing gentle roll once existed where the clove has been eroded
out. The stone is coarse grained and of greenish tinge. No
reeds are present and the seams are irregular. Small pockets
of coal and crystals of iron pyrites are found in many of the

- mountain quarry beds. The stone is hauled to Ulster bluestone

co. at Malden. Two men are employed eight months in the year.

Lamouree & Haines, Palenville. Quarry just west of Palen-
ville and 500 feet above the town. The bed of stone is 7 to 8
feet thick, with 15 to 20 feet of rock top. The quality and
appearance of the stone are the same as the other stone from
these mountains. This has been a very productive quarry. The
bed dips to the southwest. The stone is sold to Ulster blue-
stone co. at Malden. Two men are employed.

W. Fuller; Saxton. Quarry situated 200 feet above Haines.
The bed is 20 feet thick, with rock top of 25 to 40 feet. The
stone is medium grained and a fair blue color, lacking the usual
greenish tinge. The side seams are straight and regular, but
the heads are very irregular. The lifts vary from 3” to 10”.
The bed dips to the south and west. The product is sold to
Ulster bluestone co. at Malden. Two men are employed.

Valk & Hommell, Palenville. Quarry near Fuller’s and below

/it. The bed of stone is 10 feet thick, with 10 feet of rock top.
_ The bed is quite rough and some rock is interbedded with the

stone, which is of medium grain and of greenish tinge. No
reeds appear. The bed dips to the south and west. Both sys-
tems of vertical jointing are present. Lifts vary from 2” to 4”,
The product, principally flag, is sold to Ulster bluestone co. at
Malden. Two men are employed.

M. T. Wasson, Palenville. Quarry is near Valk & Hommell’s.
The bed of interbedded rock and stone is 12 feet thick, with
rock stripping of 14 to 20 feet. This is a very small quarry and

dO ; NEW YOKK STATE MUSEUM

very rough bed. The stone is of the usual character of the
mountain stone, and is sold to the Ulster bluestone co. at Mal-
den. Two men are employed.

Arbecker Bros., Palenville. Employing two men.

Howard Winne, Palenville. Employing one man. Work inter-
mittently near Wasson’s quarry.

Cook & Ransome, Palenville. Quarry 2 miles south of Palen-
ville, 300 feet above base of mountain. The bed of stone is 8 to
10 feet thick, with rock top of 15 to 18 feet. The stone is of
greenish blue color. It is coarse grained and free from reeds.
The lifts vary from 2” to 4” and are rough. The systems of
joining are well developed. The bed dips to the southwest.
The quarry is equipped with hand derrick and siphon. The
product is sold to Ulster bluestone co. at Malden. Two men
are employed the year round.

The quarries in the vicinity of West Saugerties and Plaat
Clove are all on the mountains at elevations varying from 400
feet to 2500 feet above the base of the mountains.

On the north side of the Plaaterskill clove the following quar-
ries are in operation.

Hommell Bros., West Saugerties. The bed of stone is 6 feet
thick, with 20 feet of rock top. The color is light blue and the
grain is coarse. The lifts vary from 3” to 6”, with few reeds.
The bed is rather rough and uneven. Two men are employed. ‘

Hommell & Snyder, West Saugerties. The bed of stone is 8 to
10 feet thick, with 30 to 35 feet of rock top. The stone varies in
erain from fine in the top lifts to very coarse in the lower ones.
The lifts vary frou, 4” to 20’. Some reeds are present, along
which the stone splits evenly and readily. The stone is blue,
but has the greenish tinge typical of the mountain stone. The
dip of the bed is west and south. The stone is sold to Ulster
bluestone co. at Malden. Three men are employed the year
round. . |

George Young, Plaat Clove. The bed of stone is 10 to 12 feet
thick, and there are 15 feet of rock top. The stone is coarse
grained and greenish blue. The bed is quite rough, and there |

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 51

1s a great deal of waste in quarrying. The side seams are quite
‘irregular.. The lifts vary from 3” to 12”. The product includes
all varieties, and is sold to James Maxwell at Saugerties. Two
men are employed eight months in the year.

- Wase & Burt, Plaat Clove. This quarry is 14 miles northwest
‘from Plaat Clove postoffice. The bed of stone is 4 to 5 feet
thick, with 12 to 15 feet of top, the most being hardpan. The
stone is light blue with a greenish tinge and quite coarse grained.
It is too hard for mill treatment. The vertical joining is very
‘irregular. The lifts vary from 3” to 4”. The product is chiefly
thick flag, which is sold to James Maxwell at Saugerties. Two
men are employed.

Schoonmaker & Young, Plaat Clove. This quarry is on the
‘same ledge as Wase & Burt’s, but the bed has thinned out to 2
to 24 feet. The character and class of stone and products are
the same. The product is sold to James Maxwell. Two men
are employed intermittently.

_ Abraham Hommell, West Saugerties. Employed in quarrying
on the north side of the clove at different localities.

On the south side of the clove and on the Plaaterskill moun-
tain the following quarries are being worked.

Delemater & Hommell, West Saugerties. The bed of stone is 12
feet thick, with 10 feet of shale and rock top. The stone is
coarse grained, of good blue color and free from reeds. The lifts
‘vary from 1” to 6”. The dip of the bed is to the south and
1 west, in contrast to the north and west dip of the beds on the
‘north side of the clove. The vertical joints are quite irregular
and stained with iron. The product is chiefly flag, which is sold
to Ulster bluestone co. at Malden. Two men are employed.

. Becker Bros., West Saugerties. This quarry is on the same
ledge as Delemater & Hommell’s. The quality of the stone is
the same, though the bed and top are not so heavy, being 8 feet
and 10 feet respectively. The product is sold to Hudson river
bluestone co. at Saugerties. Two men are employed.

Snyder & Hommell, West Saugerties. This is on same ledge
as the two previous quarries, and the quality and color of stone

52 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

are the same. The bed is 7 feet thick, with 12 feet of hard-
pan top. The product is sold to James Maxwell at Saugerties. |
Two men are employed the year round.

Erby & Egner, West Saugerties. The bed of stone is 9 to 14
feet, with a top of 50 to 65 feet of rock with shaly streaks. The
stone is of fair quality regarding grain and color, and.is soft
enough for mill treatment. The quarry will be abandoned soon
on account of the thickness of the top. The stone is sold to
James Maxwell at Saugerties. Two men are employed eight
months in the year.

Rightmeyer & France, West Saugerties. This quarry is on the
northwest side of Plaaterskill mountain, 2300 feet above West
Saugerties. The bed of stone is 5 to 6 feet thick, with 10 to 15
feet of rock top. The stone is gray and of medium grain. The
seams are 2?” to 4” apart and are very even. The product is
chiefly flag, and is hauled 12 miles to James Maxwell at Sauger-
ties. Two men are employed throughout the year.

Ethan Yeager, West Saugerties. The quarry is just being
opened on the same ledge with Rightmeyer & France’s quarry.

Huff & Young, West Saugerties. This quarry is also on same
ledge as Rightmeyer & France’s, but farther east. The dip of
this ledge is southwest. Stone is the same in color and texture
along the ledge, but rougher. The product of flag is sold to
James Maxwell. Two men are employed throughout the year.

John Shalk, West Saugerties. This quarry is situated on south
side of the Plaaterskill mountain, 2450 feet above West Sauger-
ties. There are two beds of stone worked, separated by shale
and rock. The top bed is 4 feet thick and the bottom bed 5 feet.
The stripping amounts to 10 feet of rock and clay. The lifts are
light, 4” to 5’. The chief product is flag, which is sold to James .
Maxwell. The stone has a reddish tinge and is medium grained,
and free from reeds. The seams are quite regular and smooth.
One man employed. e-

Patrick Callahan, West Saugerties. The bed of stone is 3 feet
thick, with 15 to 20 feet of rock top. The stone has a reddish
tinge and is rather finer grained than the usual mountain stone.

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 53

‘The vertical jointing is quite irregular. The stone is carted to
James Maxwell at Saugerties at an expense of 333¢ of the value
of the load. One man is employed.
_ Abraham Steamburgh, West Saugerties. The bed of stone is
7 feet thick with 20 feet of rock top. The stone is of the moun-
tain character, coarse grained, reddish tinge and free from
‘reeds. The product is all flag, and is sold to James Maxwell.
Two men are employed eight months in the year.
_ Becker Bros., West Saugerties. The bed of stone is 5 feet
thick, with 10 to 12 feet of rock top. The stone is coarse
‘grained, of reddish tinge, and some reeds are present. The lifts
vary from 2” to 3”. The vertical joints are smooth and regular.
The stone is soft enough to be worked in the mill. The product
‘is chiefly flag, and is sold to different dealers at Saugerties.
‘tw men are employed during the season.

Charles Cole, Plaat Clove. The bed of stone is 8 feet thick,
: with 12 to 15 feet of shaly rock top. The bed dips, as is usual
in this district, to the west and south. The stone is of medium
‘grain and reddish tinge. The product is mainly flag, as the lifts
are quite thin. One to two men are employed.
' Teetzel & Burt, Plaat Clove. The quarry is situated 24 miles
west of Plaat Clove postoffice. The bed of stone is 4 feét thick,
“with 25 feet of rock top. The stone is light colored blue, coarse
grained and free from reeds. The bed dips to the south and
‘west. The product is principally flag, and is sold to James
Maxwell at Saugerties. The quarry is equipped with hand der-
‘rick. Two men are employed.
Dale & Bunt, Plaat Clove, are just opening a quarry in this

district, employing two men.

Snyder & Lindsay, Plaat Clove, are likewise opening a quarry,
employing two men.

Between West Saugerties and Woodstock numerous quarries
have been opened at the base of the mountains and on ‘the
eastern face. The following are operating.

Myers & Doyle, West Saugerties. This quarry is 14 miles
“southwest of West Saugerties, 1250 feet above the town. The

54 NEW YORK STATED MUSEUM

bed of stone is 12 to 15 feet thick, with 25 feet of red shale and 7

clay top. The top 4 feet of bed are red stone, while the lower

part is light blue. The stone is all coarse grained. The bed is
rather rough and hard to work. The vertical jointing is regular ~

and smooth. The ledge has been opened up for 300 feet along

the side seams. The product includes all varieties, and is sold ~
at Saugerties to different dealers. Three men are employed

throughout the year. ,
Bach & Burton, West Saugerties. Quarry is 24 miles south of

West Saugerties and 300 feet above the base of the mountain. —
The bed of stone is 12 to 14 feet thick, with 25 to 30 feet or@

shale rock and clay top. The stone is coarse grained, of hight
blue color and somewhat reedy. The dip of the ledge is to the

south and west. The lifts vary from 2” to 14” in thickness. ~

The thicker lifts must be split to 6”, or the reeds will open.
The side seams and heads are regular and open. The product
consists of edge stone and rock, which is sold to Hudson river
bluestone co. at Saugerties. Two men are employed.

Plass & Byer, West Saugerties. This quarry is south of Bach
& Burton’s and above it. The bed of stone is 6 to 7 feet thick,
with a rock top of 20 feet. The stone is rather fine grained and

of fair blue color. Reeds. are present. “ Niggerheads,” or”

round boulders, in the bed make it hard to work. The product
is principally flag, which is sold to Hudson river bluestone ¢o.
at Saugerties. Two men are employed.

Fred Snyder, West Saugerties. This quarry is situated 2 miles
south of West Saugerties at the foot of the mountain. The
bed of stone is 8 to 9 feet thick, with 18 to 20 feet of rock top.
The stone is dark blue and rather coarse grained. The vertical

jointing is rather irregular, but both systems are present. The

product is sold to James Maxwell at Saugerties. The quarry is

equipped with hand derrick. Three to four men are employed —

during the year.
Doyle & Clove, West Saugerties. This quarry is near Snyder’s,
but on ledge below. The bed of stone is 6 to 7 feet thick, with

10 to 15 feet of shale top. 1 to 2 feet of rock are interbedded

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 55

“with the stone. The dip of the ledge is to the south and west.
_ The stone is light blue and fine grained. Some reeds are
_present. The product is chiefly flag, as the lifts are hight.» The
stone is sold at Saugerties to various dealers. Two men are
employed throughout the year. |

_ Albert Doyle, West Saugerties. Two men are employed in
“quarrying on the same ledge as Doyle & Clove, just south.
Oliver Holden, West Saugerties. The bed of stone is 15 feet
thick, but on account of rough streaks there is a large amount of
waste. 15 feet of shale cover the bed. The stone is of
“medium grain, fair blue color and reedy. This ledge has been
opened for 250 feet in a north and south direction. The dip is
to the west and south. The product is sold to the Hudson river
“bluestone co. at Saugerties. Four to five men are employed
during the year.

_ Lawrence Wolven, West Saugerties. This quarry is on the
“same ledge as Holden’s, but south. The bed is but 4 fect thick
here, with 10 to 12 feet of shale top. The bed is badly broken
‘up, but the stone is of the same character as Holden’s. The
joints are open 3” to 4”. ‘Two men are employed the year round.
In the vicinity of Daisy several small quarries have been
“opened. :

_ Burton Bros., Daisy. Quarry is situated 4 mile south of Daisy.
‘The bed of stone is 8 to 10 feet thick, with a rock top 10 to 20
feet thick. The stone is quite dark blue-and of medium grain.
/The ledge has been opened 300 feet along the strike. The bed
"dips to the north and west. A stratum of shale appears between
the bed and top rock. The thickness varies from 1 to 4 feet.
The lifts vary from 3” to 10”. The product, of various varieties,
‘is sold to James Maxwell at Saugerties. Three men are em-
ployed.

) The following operators also quarry on this ledge.

_ Abraham Cole & Son, Daisy. Two men employed throughout
the year. .

- John Van Etten & Son, Daisy. Two men employed.

Peter Mower, Daisy. One man employed.

]

56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 7
Ellis Wolven, Woodstock. Quarry is situated 14 miles south-
west of Daisy, and 14 miles east of Woodstock. The quarry is ,
a pit in the open field. The thickness of bed is 4 to 5 feet, with
1 to 2 feet of rock and 6 to 7 feet of clay top. The stone is
dark blue and rather fine grained, and reeds are present in top
lifts. The dip of the bed is to the northwest. The lifts vary ©
from 3” to 22”. The product is chiefly edge stone, which is sold
to Ulster bluestone co. at Malden. Three to four men are
employed during the year.
In the vicinity of Woodstock the following operators are
working. |
N. Mower, Woodstock. Quarry is on a ledge (1 mile east of i
Woodstock) which has been opened for some length. The bed
of stone is very rough and 2 to 4 feet thick. The overburden is
8 to 10 feet of rock. The dip is to the west and north. The ~
stone is fine grained in upper lifts and coarse in lower. It is of
good blue color. The vertical joints are somewhat irregular
and stained with iron. The product is sold to James Maxwell
at Saugerties. The quarry is worked intermittently by two
men. :
Canine & Longendyke, Woodstock. Quarry on same ledge as
Mower’s. Two men employed intermittently.
Egbert Schoonmaker, Woodstock. Quarry is situated 4 mile —
east of Woodstock. The bed of stone is 6 to 7 feet thick, with
4 to 5 feet of rock and-clay top. The bed is very irregular and
dips rather sharply to the north and west. Water collects at .
the lower end and is drained by a siphon. The stone is medium ~
grained and of dark blue color. Some pyrites is found in the
bed and affects color of stone on exposure. The lifts vary from
2” to 12”, and all varieties of stone are produced, and sold to
James Maxwell at Saugerties. Two men employed during the A

year. ,
Levi Mann, Woodstock. Quarry situated 4 mile north of

—_

Woodstock. The bed of stone is 3 feet thick on an average, but —
ae |
is very irregular and rough. The top is of rock 8 feet thick. |

The stone is fine grained and reedy. The bed dips to the north

ee ae

b ie J

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 5T

and west at changing angles. The product of edge stone and

_ rock is sold to James Maxwell. Two men are employed inter-
_ mittently. |

On the southeastern side of Overlook mountain several ledges
have been opened and worked extensively. The quarries known
as the “ California ” quarries were very productive, but have not

_ been worked in some years on account of the very heavy top.
The same ledge, however, has been opened to the north, and five

different firms are quarrying. The bed of stone is 11 to 13 feet
thick, with 18 to 30 feet of rock top. The stone is fine grained,
reedy and of light blue color. The top lifts have a reddish tinge.
The stone is split into thin layers, for, if left thick, the reeds
weather open. The ledge dips to the west and north. The prod-
uct, chiefly of flag, is sold to Hudson river bluestone co. and to
James Maxwell.

The following are the operators, all of Woodstock.

M. Elliott. Four men employed.

McGhee & Waste. Three men employed.

McGhee & Herrick. Four men employed.

Edward McGhee. Four men employed. The quarry equipped
with hand derrick. on

Peter Keegan. Three men employed.

James Riley. This quarry is on a ledge below Elliott’s. The
bed of stone is 7 to 8 feet thick, with 10 to 15 feet of rock top, 4
feet of which are slaty. A shale parting appears between stone
and rock. The stone is of medium grain, light blue and reedy.
The lifts vary from 5” to 6”. The bed dips gently to the north
and west. Both systems of vertical jointing appear. The prod-
uct is sold to James Maxwell at Saugerties. Four men are em-
ployed.

Whittaker Bros., employing two men and Jack Murray employing
one, have small quarries on the side of Overlook mountain.

In the vicinity of Bearsville, 2 miles west of Woodstock, the
following quarries are in operation.

Charles Yerry, Bearsville. Quarry 1 mile southwest of Bears-
ville on the side of the hill. The bed of stone is 6 to 7 feet thick,

58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

with 12 feet of rock top. The stone is of fairly good color and
medium grain. The quarry has been extensively worked. The
dip of the bed is to the north and west. The upper lifts produce
flag and the lower ones edge stone, all of which is sold to Hud-
son river bluestone co. at Saugerties. The vertical jointing is
quite irregular. One man employed intermittently.

+

Snake rock quarries

These quarries are on a low hill 14 miles south of Bearsville.
The ledge has been opened 800 feet around the hill. The bed of
stone is 10 to 12 feet thick, with 30 feet of rock top. The stone
is of medium grain and fairly good blue color with a reddish
tinge. The lifts are rather heavy, and the product’ consists of
rock and edge stone. The bed dips to the north and west. The

vertical jointing is regular and smooth. What water collects at

the lowest point is drained by a siphon. - The product is sold
to Hewitt Boice at Kingston, and to the Hudson river bluestone
co. at Saugerties. The cost of haulage is 50¢ of value of load.
The following are the operators. ,
Oscar Lasher, Woodstock. Five to six men employed during
the season. Quarry equipped with derrick.

Brower & De Graff, Glenford. Three men employed during the

year.

Stoutenburgh & De Graff, Glenford. Three to four men em-
ployed.

Stratton & Davis, Woodstock. Two men employed.

Bonsteil Bros., Woodstock. Two men employed.

John Hasenpflug, Glenford. This quarry is on ledge below the
above quarries. The bed of stone is 4 to 5 feet thick, with 25
feet of rock top. The stone is of the same character as the ledge
above. The lifts vary from 3” to 8”. The product is mainly
rock, which is sold to Hewitt Boice at Kingston. One man
employed.

Flowers & Brower, Glenford. Quarry is situated on same ledge
as Hasenpfiug. Two men employed.

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 59

A. E. Shultis, Bearsville. Quarry situated 2 miles west of
Bearsville. The bed of stone is 6 feet thick, with 8 to 9 feet of
rock top. Réd shale appears in top also. The stone is fine
g ained and of poor blue color. The bed dips to the west and
north. The lifts are light, the product being nearly all flag.
T wo men are employed occasionally.
Samuel Shultis, Bearsville. This quarry is just west of Shady
postoffice on the hillside 200 feet above the town. It is on a
ledge which has been opened up in numerous places. The bed ~
of stone is 6 to 8 feet thick, with 15 to 20 feet of top, mostly of
red shale. The stone is fine grained, reedy and of poor color.
The product is mainly flag. Three men employed.
_ George Leppo jr, Shady postoffice. Quarry 24 miles north of
Shady. The bed of stone is 4 to 5 feet thick, with top of rock
yarying in thickness from 4 to 15 feet. The stone is coarse
“grained and light blue in color. The lifts vary from 1” to 3”, the
chief product being flag. The stone is hauled to Wilbur, 20 miles
distant, and sold to Hudson river bluestone co. Three men are
employed.
j George Leppo sr, Shady postoffice. Quarry is { mile northeast
_of that of George Leppo jr. The bed of stone is 6 to 7 feet thick,
with 10 to 15 feet of rock top. The stone is of the same character
“as that just described. All varieties are produced, and sold to
James Maxwell at Saugerties. Three men are employed.
_ Henry Carle, Lake Hill. Quarry is 1 mile north of Lake Hill in
“Mink hollow. The bed of stone is 4 feet thick, with 12 feet of
rock top. The stone is of coarse grain and fair color. Some
reeds are present, but they are very tight. The lifts are very
_ heavy, 6” to 12”. The stone was used for the Cooper lake reser-
-yoir dam. The lifts are too heavy-for flag or edge stone. The
face of the quarry runs north and south, and at the northern end
the dip of the bed is to the north, while at the southern end the
dip is to the south, showing a roll in the middle. Four men are
employed intermittently.
_ C. Shultis, Willow postoffice. Quarry 2 miles north of Willow
postoffice. The quarry is very small, the bed of stone being 4

60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

feet thick, with 8 feet of rock top. The stone is fine grained and —

reedy, and is sold as flag to Hudson river bluestone co. at Sauger-
ties, 21 miles distant. Two men are employed. |

In the vicinity of Glenford the following quarries are in opera-
tion.

E. Miller, West Hurley. The quarry is 2 miles north of Glen- ~
ford. The bed of stone is 3 to 4 feet thick, with 12 to 15 feet of —
rock top. The stone is coarse grained and of good blue color, —
and a few reeds are present. The dip of the ledge is to the west ~

and south. The lifts vary from 5’to 18” in thickness. The verti-

cal joints are regular, but tight. The stone is sold to Julius ©

Osterhoudt at Wilbur. Three men are employed.

John Jones, Woodstock. Quarry is on ledge 200 feet above |
Miller’s quarry. The bed of stone is 5 to 6 feet thick, with 20 ~

feet of top, 7 feet of which are rock, the balance shale. The

stone is fine grained, of fair blue color and so reedy that the lifts —

have to be split thin to insure the stability of the stone. The
thickness of the lifts varies from 3” to 6”. The bed dips to the
west and north. The product of flagstone is sold to Hudson
river bluestone co. at Saugerties. Three men are employed.

Abraham Van Etten, Woodstock. The quarry is very small and ~

is 2 miles northeast of Glenford. The bed of stone is 4 feet thick,
with 10 to 12 feet of rock. The stone is fine grained, light blue

and reedy. The product is principally flag. Two men are em- —

ployed during the year.

Philip Brower, Glenford. Quarry 1 mile west of Glenford. The :

bed of stone is 5 to 6 feet thick, with 8 to 10 feet of interbedded
shale and rock. The stone is of medium grain and good color.
The bed is very irregular, and the dip is to the north and west.
The vertical joints are regular and smooth. The product is sold
to Rogers & Tappan at Wilbur. Two men are employed.

Kittle & Co., Glenford. Quarry situated 13 miles west of Glen-
ford and just being opened. Four men are employed.

John Gross, Glenford. Quarry is 14 miles west of Glenford.
The bed of stone is 10 feet thick, with a rough streak 13 feet

thick in center of bed. The top consists of 13 feet of rock and ~

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 62

E 7 to 8 feet of clay. The lifts vary from 2” to 7”. The stone is
_ of medium grain, a dull blue color, and reedy. The product
: includes all varieties of edge stone and is hauled to Wilbur, 12

miles distant, at a cost of 90c a ton. Two men employed.
Wallace Grey, Glenford. The quarry is situated on hill 1 mile

north of Glenford. The bed of stone is 7 to 8 feet thick, with a

rock top of 20 feet. The stone is of good blue color, of medium
grain, and reedy. The product is sold at Wilbur to various deal-
ers. One man is employed.

Burkins & Flowers, Glenford. Quarry is 4 mile northeast of
Glenford. The bed of stone is 10 feet thick, with 10 to 12 feet of
rock overburden. The bed is somewhat rough, but the stone is
of fair quality, fine grained and blue. Some reeds are present.
The dip of the ledge is to the north and west. All varieties of
stone are produced and sold to Rogers & Tappan at Wilbur. Two
men are employed.

Johnson & Piert, Glenford. This quarry is situated on same
ledge as Burkins & Flowers’s. Two men are employed.

McAuliffe & Terwilliger, Ashton. Quarry is situated just north
of Temple pond and 2 miles southwest of Glenford. The bed of
stone is 7 to 8 feet thick, but stone and rock are interbedded,
causing a great deal of waste. The top consists of soil and rock
2 to 3 feet thick. The stone is of medium grain, of dark blue
color, and free from reeds. The lifts vary from 1” to 5’. The
dip of the bed is gentle to the north and west. The side seams
are uniform and smooth, but the heads are quite irregular. The
product is flag and edge stone, and is sold to Rogers & Tappan
at Wilbur. Two to four men are employed.

Ostrander & Brower, Glenford, two men employed, and D. E.
Hyatt, Ashton, one man employed, also quarry on this ledge
adjoining McAuliffe & Terwilliger’s.

David Firman, Shokan. Quarry 1 mile northwest of Temple
pond on hillside. The bed of stone is 6 feet thick, with 10 to
12 feet of rock stripping. The dip of the bed is to the west and
north. The vertical jointing is irregular. The stone is fine
grained and of good blue color. One man is employed.

62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

‘Robert Secor, Olive. One man employed on ledge adjoining
Firman’s.

John Russell, Ashton. Quarry is on ledge below Firman’s.
The bed of stone is 5 to 6 feet thick, with 5 to 7 feet of rock ~
and clay top. The quarry is just opened. The grain of the®
stone is medium, and the color blue. One man employed.

Chase & Barclay, Ashton. Quarry situated 2 miles east of ©
Boiceville. The bed of stone is 4 to 5 feet thick, with 10 to 15
feet of rock top. The bed dips very gently to the north and ~
west. The stone is very dark blue, fine grained and reedy. The
side seams and heads are well developed. The product is
chiefly flag, which is sold to different dealers at Wilbur. Two
men are employed.

Oliver Hughes, Ashton. Quarry situated 1 mile northeast of
Ashton postoffice. The bed of stone is 4 to 5 feet thick, with
rough streaks init. The top is 4 feet thick and is of rock. The
stone is fine grained, a good blue and free from reeds. - The
dip is to the west and south. The product is chiefly flag, which
is sold to Rogers & Tappan at Wilbur. The cost of cartage is |
8$5ec a ton. One man employed intermittently.

Pl a ee” Sea ee ee eS ee eee

Jones & Co., Ashton. Three men employed in quarry adjo ning ~
Hughes’s on same ledge.

Greene & De Graffe, Ashton. Quarry 3 miles east of Ashton —
postoffice. The bed of stone is 4 feet thick, with 8 to 9 feet of
rock and 1 foot of clay top. Streaks of shale appear in bed,
which is rather rough. The dip is to the west and south. The
stone is fine grained and of good blue color. The lifts vary from
2” to 6”. The product is chiefly flag, and is sold to Rogers & —
Tappan at Wilbur. Two men are employed.

Hewitt Boice has a mill and dock at Brodhead’s Bridge, and —
the stone from the territory south is hauled there. The prices
paid the quarrymen are 15% to 20¢ lower than at the river docks, —
on account of the extra cost of freight to Rondout, which is 90¢
aton. The quarries follow.

Beesmer & Hover, Olivebridge. Quarry situated 4 mile south- —
east of Olivebridge. The quarry is just opened. The bed is 4

_

-

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES . 63

feet thick, with 7 to 8 feet of rock stripping. The stone is of
medium grain and good blue color. The product is sold to
I ewitt Boice at Brodhead’s Bridge. The quarry is equipped
with hand derrick. Three men employed. |
Van Kleek & Dudrey, Brodhead’s Bridge. The quarry is on
‘south side of Esopus creek, + mile from Olivebridge. The work-
able bed of stone varies in thickness from 6 to 10 feet. A rough
streak appears 3 feet below top of bed. The rubbish is dumped
into the bed of the creek. The stripping is of rock 5 to 8 feet
‘thick and 1 to 2 feet of soil. The stone is fine grained and of
‘poor blue color. The vertical joints are uneven and stained
with iron. The product is sold to H. Boice at Brodhead’s
‘Bridge. Two men are employed.
Eckert & Beesmer, Olivebridge. Two men employed.
Barton & Lyons, Olivebridge. Quarry on the ledge adjoining
Van Kleek & Dudrey’s, two men employed.
_ Aaron Bishop, Olivebridge.- Quarry 1 mile southeast of Olive-
bridge. The bed of stone is 10 feet thick, with rock top of 14
feet. The dip of the bed is to the north and west. The stone
is of medium grain and good blue color. The quarry is equipped
with hand derrick. The product is sold to H. Boice at Brod-
head’s Bridge. Two men employed.
_ Howard Barton, Olivebridge. Quarry is situated on ledge
above Bishop’s. The bed of stone is 5 to 6 feet thick, with 15
feet of stripping of shale and clay. The stone is fine grained
and of good blue color, but has a reputation for slaking. The
product is sold to Hudson river bluestone co. at Wilbur. Two
“men are employed.
Dudley & North, Olivebridge. Quarry on ledge below Bishop’s.
The bed of stone is 2 to 3 feet thick, with 4 to 5 feet of stripping.
‘The stone is of same quality as Bishop’s. The product is chiefly
flag, and is sold to H. Boice at Brodhead’s Bridge. Two men
employed.

Cornish & Bush, Olivebridge. Quarry is 3 miles southeast of
-Olivebridge. The bed of stone is 3 feet thick, with 5 feet of
rock top. The stone is of ordinary quality and runs in heavy

64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

lifts. The product is chiefly rock, and is sold at Brodhead’s
Bridge and Kingston. Two men employed intermittently.

George Winne, Olivebridge. Quarry 34 miles southeast of
Olivebridge. Bed of stone is 5 feet thick, with 12 feet of rock
top. The quality of the stone is ordinary. The bed is about
worked out. The product is carted to Brodhead’s Bridge.
Quarry is equipped with hand derrick. Two men employed in- —
termittently.

A. Barton, Olivebridge. Quarry 4 miles southeast of Olive-
bridge. The hed of stone is 4 to 5 feet thick, with a rock top of
8 feet, and 2 feet of clay additional. The quality of the stone is
common. The lifts vary from 2” to 10”. The dip of the bed is
to the north and west. The vertical joints are uniform and
smooth. The product includes all varieties, and is sold to H.
Boice at Brodhead’s Bridge. Quarry is equipped with horse
power derrick. Three men are employed during the year. 3

Merrihew ledge

This ledge is situated 44 miles south of Olivebridge and
has been opened up 500 feet in an east and west direction.
A large amount of stone has been produced, but the top is
becoming too heavy for profitable work. The bed of stone
is 4 to 5 feet thick, with 7 to 8 feet of rock, and 5 to 6 feet of
clay overburden. The stone is close grained and of fair blue
color. Few reeds appear in the lifts, which vary 2” to 6”. The
bed dips to the north and west gently. The systems of jointing
are well developed in the ledge. The product includes all varie-
ties of marketable stone. The following are the operators, all
of Olivebridge. |

Resne & Keator. Two men employed nine months in the year.

Ezra Palen. One man employed.

Carson & Merrihew. Two men employed.

Christiana & Beesmer. Two men employed.

G. De Witt. One man employed.

Egbert Van Kleek, Olivebridge. The quarry is situated 24 miles
southwest of Olivebridge. The bed of stone is 4 feet thick, with

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES - 65

12 to 15 feet of shale and rock top. The stone is of fair quality
and comparatively free from reeds. The product is chiefly
rock, which is sold to H. Boice at Brodhead’s Bridge. One man
is employed intermittently.

' Michael Riley, Olivebridge. This quarry is 4 miles southwest of
Olivebridge. There are three distinct beds of stone worked
in this quarry, divided by shale. The top is of shale 14 feet
thick, below which the first bed is 3 feet thick. A bed of shale
34 feet thick separates this from the second bed which is 8 feet
thick. Another bed of shale 4 feet thick separates the second
from the third bed, which is 6 feet in thickness. The stone is
f ne grained and of good color. Some reeds are present. The
bedding planes are very smooth and regular. No heads appear
in the quarry, but the side seams are uniform. The product is
chiefly rock, which is sold to H. Boice at Brodhead’s Bridge,
Four men are employed the year round.

George Chambers, Samsonville. A small quarry east of Sam-
sonville. The bed of stone is 4 feet thick, with rock top of 10
to 12 feet. The dip is to the north and west. The stone is of
ordinary quality. The product is sold at Brodhead’s Bridge to
H. Boice. One man is employed intermittently.

List of buyers on the Hudson river! |
Hewitt Boice, Kingston

_ Three yards and mills at Rondout, Kingston and Brodhead’s
Bridge.

_ Rondout. There is a mill with three planers, two gang saws,
‘one rubbing bed, one borer. The dock is equipped with four
steam power derricks and a blacksmith shop.

_ Kingston. Dock is on Ulster and Delaware railroad, and is
equipped with mill with three planers, three gang saws and one
ubbing bed. Two steam derricks are in use in the yard.

_ Brodhead’s Bridge. The mill is equipped with two planers and
two gang saws. Two steam hoisting derricks are in use. Em-

stone industry in this region and its consolidation under ‘ Hudson river
bluestone co.” on Mar. 1, 1901, see p. 104.

66 NEW YORK STATE .MUSEUM

ployees in three yards, 90. Five barges and one schooner are
in use for transporting the stone to market.
Value of business per year, $300,000 to $350,000 (estimated).

_ Hudson river bluestone co. Rondout :

Docks at Malden, Saugerties, Glasco, Rondout and Wilbur,
with mill equipment as follows:

Malden. Eight saws, eight planers, two rubbing beds, two
boring machines, five steam derricks.

Rondout. Eight saws, nine planers, two rubbing beds, one bor-
ing machine, two steam derricks, one traveling crane.

Wilbur. Four saws, six planers, two rubbing beds, one boring”
machine, four steam derricks.

Employ about 200 men yearly and operate 15 barges.

Value of business, about $500,000.

Julius Osterhoudt, Rondout

Docks at Wilbur and High Falls.

Wilbur. The mill is equipped with three gang saws, one rub-
bing bed, three planers and one boring machine. Three steam
power derricks are in use on the dock. 40 employees.

High Falls. One hand power derrick is in use. Four em-
ployees.

Five barges and one schooner are used for transportation.

Value of business per year, $175,000.

Ulster bluestone co. Malden

Docks at Malden and Glasco.

Malden. Mill is equipped with 10 Saws, eight planers, two
rubbing beds and one borer. 50 men are employed. Five
steam derricks are in use in the yard. |

Glasco. One hand derrick is the equipment. Three employees.
Four barges are in use. |

Value of business per year, $250,000 to $350,000 (estimated).

James Maxwell, Saugerties
Docks at Saugerties and Glasco. No mill at either place.
One hand derrick at Saugerties. 20 employees.

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 67

Condition of the bluestone industry in Ulster county

The quarries within easy hauling distance of the river docks
re becoming worked out. This does not mean that the beds of
fone are worked out in all cases, but the stripping in many
laces has become so heavy that no profit is left to the quarry-
en after paying rental and cartage. The beds dip to the west
f a small angle 5° to 6°, and, with the crude methods used
hen the top reaches a thickness 23 to 3 times (with a few
ceptions) that of the bed of stone, the profit vanishes. The
rorkable beds are also limited in extent. This is true in both
he two main districts. Probably in the vicinity of Saugerties,
e most productive district, not one half as many men as for-
ne rly are working now. A great many of the quarrymen have
lgone back to the mountains or along the Ulster & Delaware
ailroad, or into Delaware, Broome and Sullivan counties. The
ost of cartage from the mountains to the river is very high,
unning up to 502 of the value of aload. Freight on the Ulster
s Delaware railroad is also quite high.

QUARRIES IN BROOME, DELAWARE AND SULLIVAN COUNTIES

‘The quarries in these counties have been opened on the hill-
ides, on both banks of’ the Delaware river in New York and
ennsylyania, as far north as Tuscarora in Broome county, and
buth to Pond Eddy in Sullivan county.

The product of these quarries reaches the market by the way
f the Erie railroad. Bluestone is also quarried along the main
me of the Ontario and Western railroad from Franklin Depot
1 Delaware county to Hurleyville in Sullivan county, and along
he Port Jervis and Monticello railroad.

‘A few quarries have been opened along the Delhi branch of
e Ontario and Western railroad. Switches have been put in
{ convenient points on the lines of the railroads for shipping
stone. The buyers have small docks at these switches. Few
lills are established in this district, the rock for mill treat-
ent being shipped in the rough to mills nearer the markets.
The stone quarried in these counties differs from the Ulster
Ounty product in several characteristics, It is softer, it

68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

works east and west instead of north and south. It ig
coarser grained. The color is not so good, tending toward a
gray. It is less liable to slaking, and fewer reeds are found in
the lifts.

The ledges of stone are more pockety than the Ulster coun ry

stone. The vertical jointing is more irregular, specially the
east and west joints. Less shale is found in the stripping, a id
the dip is not persistent in any cre direction. j

The quarries have nearly all been opened high up on the hills;
so the drainage is natural. “Black jack” and “sap” are
peculiarities of these quarries alone. “Sap” rock is the dis.
colored greenish gray stone which is near the joints. The dis.
coloration extends into the bed from 1 to 8 feet on each side of
the joint. “Black jack” is a soft, claylike material, which
occurs in the ledges in lens-shaped forms. It crumbles under
the hand and contains a great deal of iron. It is due to am
alteration of the rock, and when occurring may, as the quarry;
men say, “eat out” the whole bed and ruin the quarry.

The prices paid the quarrymen are much lower than at the
docks on the Hudson, because of the difference in cost of tra ns!
portation to market. But the proximity of the railroads les
sens the cartage charges. |

In the isolated districts business seems to be in a fair con
dition, with an active demand at Oxford. 4

Quarries in Delaware, Sullivan and Broome counties

Deyo & Son, Franklin Depot. Quarry is situated 14 miles west

of Merrickville station on the Ontario and Western railroad and

% of a mile east of Franklin Depot.
Vertical section shows

SOL © sss ee he a ae ee 2 feet
Stone i. es AS Se eee 2 feet
6S oy Died omens + eee eee eee 2 feet
Rock. ¢ oh Sa eS ie cee eee ee 1 foot
Stone 5 2.0: bs Fhe Re ee ee eee 2 feet
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BOCK i259 2 jst eee eene ae cee 24 feet

69 ‘d adey OW, L, 318g

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69 ‘d v0¥j OF

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 69

This section is taken at the point where the face is at its
maximum hight. The face is 600 feet long. The system of
_ jointing is the same as in Ulster county, and regular. The stone
is medium fine grained, of light blue color with greenish tinge,
and free from reeds. The lifts vary in thickness from 1” to 7”
and are smooth and even. The bed dips slightly to the south
and east. The stone is rather soft and is suitable for mill
work. The product is chiefly flag and large rock, which is sold
by Deyo & Son directly to dealers in Weehawken and local
- dealers.

The stone is shipped from the Merrickville station of the
Ontario and Western railroad at a cost of $1.75 a ton to Wee-
_hawken. Four men are employed during the quarrying season
_of eight to nine months. The quarry has been open seven years.

In the vicinity of Walton the following quarries are in
operation.

George Davis, Walton. Quarry is on west side of Marvin hol-
low, 24 miles east of Walton. The bed of stone is 10 to 12 feet
thick, with 14 feet of rock and 3 feet of soil overburden. The
bed is horizontal and with even lifts, which vary from 1” to 11”
in thickness. The vertical joints are rough and irregular.
The stone is of medium grain and gray blue, when not dis-
: colored from sap near the joints. Some reeds are present,
which are used in splitting the stone. The product includes
_ flag edge stone and rock, which is sold to dealers at Weehawken.
50 to 60 cars a year are shipped during the season. Three
men are employed. A hand derrick is in use.

4 Frank Bond, Walton. Quarry is situated in Oxbow hollow on
the eastern side, 45 miles east of Walton. The quarry is on
ledge showing bed of stone 8 to 10 feet thick, with 25 to 35
feet of rock and 5 feet of earth top. The stone is light blue,
- fine grained and even bedded, with lifts varying from 2” to 7”.
Side seams are prominent, but not exactly vertical. The head-
ers are few. The bed is horizontal. The product is flag and
_ platform, and is shipped at Colchester Station on the Delhi
: branch of the Ontario and Western railroad. A hand derrick
: is part of the equipment. Two to three men are employed.

70 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Ralph Cairns, Walton. Quarry is situated on south side of
west branch of Delaware river, 14 miles east of Colchester
Station. This quarry was operated for a number of years and
abandoned. Cairns began operations last year. The ledge has
been opened up for 900 feet in an east and west direction.
The face shows a maximum hight of 55 feet, 30 feet of shale
and rock at the top. Bed of stone 8 to 10 feet, 2 to 3 feet of
shale, and bottom bed of stone 10 to 11 feet thick. The charac-
teristics of the stone vary with its position in the bed. At the
eastern end of the quarry the top bed is red and thin bedded,
while at western end the stone from the top bed is blue and
the lifts are thicker. The lower bed is fairly regular through-
out in regard to color and grain, but the stone from it in the
eastern end has few reeds and is hard to split, while at the west-
ern end the stone is reedy and splits easily and well.

The western end of the quarry has not been opened up as
deeply as the eastern end. The bluestone has a greenish tinge
and is of medium fine grain. The lifts vary. from 2” to 22”.
The product includes flag, edge stone and rock, which is
shipped at Colchester Station on the Ontario and Western rail-
road (Delhi branch). The quarry is equipped with two hand
derricks. -Three men are employed.

William Cairns, Walton. Quarry situated on south side of
West branch of Delaware river, 24 miles east of Walton, in
same range as Ralph Cairns’s quarry. The bed of stone is 9
feet thick, with 22 to 23 feet of rock stripping. The dip is a
gentle one to the west. The face has a length of 500 feet. The
two systems of vertical jointing are well developed. The stone
is medium fine grained, light blue and somewhat reedy. The
product is shipped at Colchester Station. The cost of cartage
is 90c a load. 25 cars were shipped during the past season.
The quarry is equipped with a hand derrick, and four men are
employed. .

J. Merritt, Hamden. Quarry is 2 miles south of Hamden on
hillside. It is small and is worked intermittently only. The
bed of stone is 8 to 9 feet thick, with 6 feet of rock and 12 to 15

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Plate 12 To face

H. T. Dickinson, photo.
Bluestone auarry of W. G. Underwood on N. Y. O. & W. R. R. between
Cadosia and Rock Rift N. Y. This is a new opening and shows
a 3 foot bed of clay between two beds of stone

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 71

feet of dirt top. The bed is irregular and horizontal. It is
divided by irregular vertical joints. The stone is fine grained
‘and gray blue. The product is shipped at Hamden on the
Ontario and Western railroad (Delhi branch). ;

q A small quarry has been opened at Delhi for the local market.
It is worked intermittently only.

I. J. Meore, Pineville. Quarry in Pine brook hollow 3
miles west of Waltcn. The stripping of rock and clay is 4 to 15
feet thick, and covers a bed of stone which is coarse grained
F nd bluish gray, 5 feet thick. The lifts vary from 2” to 6”, the
lower ones being quite rough. The vertical jointing is quite
rregular. The stone is shipped at Pine switch on the Ontario
and Western railroad to Schenectady. Three to four men are
employed.

7 Ellsworth Huntington, Rock Rift. Quarry is situated above
Draper’s switch 2 miles north of Apex. The ledge has been
opened around the hill for 300 feet. The bed of workable stone
nis 12 feet thick, with 12 to 14 feet of rock top. The stone is
greenish gray and coarse grained. The bed is divided by the
‘usual joints, which are regular and smooth. It dips to the
mortheast 14 inches in 20 feet. The lifts vary from 2” to 12”,
The product includes flag, curb, steps, etc. 30 to 40 cars are
shipped each year to various points. Three to-four men are
employed.

_ T.Slossenburg, Hancock. Quarry is just west of Kerry switch,
4 miles north of Cadosia on Ontario and Western railroad. The
quarry is small and not worked regularty. The bed exposed is
4 feet thick, with 12 feet of rock stripping. The stone is thin
bedded, coarse grained and of gray color. The bed dips gently
ito the west. The face along the side seam is 75 feet long.
Flag is the product, and is shipped at Kerry switch by way of
the Ontario and Western railroad.

_W. G. Underwood, Hancock. This quarry is just south of and
on ledge below Slossenburg’s. The quarry is just being opened
and shows 2 beds of stone, 2 and 6 feet thick, separated by a
‘stratum of earth 3 feet thick. The probable explanation of this
‘is that the top bed has been broken off the main ledge and

2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

shoved outward on the drift earth above the lower bed. The
stone is greenish gray and coarse grained. The product is
chiefly flag, which is carted to Kerry switch. Four men are
employed. .

Peter Fritz, Hancock. Quarry is ? of a mile northwest of
Cadosia on west side of valley. The bed of stone of 20 feet has
a rock and clay top 30 to 35 feet thick. The stone is of medium
grain and reedy._ The face is 250 feet long in the direction of
the side seams, which are irregular. The lifts vary from 4” to
12’. The bed dips to the west. The product of flag and edge .
stone is sold to Kirkpatrick at Hancock.

E. J. Cotter, Hancock. Quarry situated 2 miles east of Han-
cock on north side of East branch of Delaware river. The quarry
is rated as being one of the best in the district. The product is
nearly all sold as rock to mills at different places near New
York. It is shipped by the Ontario and Western railroad from
Gravel bank switch. 65 to 70 carloads are shipped each year.
The bed of stone is 17 feet thick, with rock top of 35 to 50 feet.
The bed is divided by the regular jointing systems. The side
seams are regular, but the headers are not. The lifts vary from
2” to 4”, depending on the block. The stone is bluish gray
except where stained with sap, where it is greenish gray. The
grain is medium fine. The quarry is equipped with hand der-
rick. Six to 10 men are employed.

Roy Wheeler, Hancock. Quarry is 2 miles east of Cadosia on
south side of East branch of Delaware river. The top is 10 to
15 feet thick and of thin bedded rock.’ The bed is 6 feet thick
and dips to the south gently. The lifts are 14” to 3” thick and
very even and smooth. The side seams are uniform, but the
headers are irregular. The ledge has been opened up 200 feet
along the line of the headers. The stone is coarse grained and
greenish blue gray. Flag is the main product, and is sold at the
Tunnel switch on the Ontario and Western railroad to Randall
Bros. Three men are employed. 7

Leahey Bros., Hancock. Quarry 3 miles east of Cadosia, 15
feet above the East branch of Delaware river. The quality of

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 73

he stone is very fair. It is grayish blue and fine grained.
he bed is 25 feet thick, with 45 feet of rock top. The bed is.
orizontal and’ at east end of quarry is very rough. The side
ams are regular, but head-offs are not. The lifts vary from
q to 20’. Some reeds are present. The product is chiefly flag,
nd is hauled to Tunnel switch on the Ontario and Western
jilroad, where it is sold to Randall Bros. 20% of the value of
ach load is paid for cartage. Two men are employed.

dames Nevins & Sons, Fish Eddy. This firm has a mill at
yler’s switch between Fish Eddy and Hancock, where it saws,
lanes and rubs the product of its quarry, which is 1 mile north-
est of the mill on the hillside. The mill is equipped with
hree gang saws, two diamond saws, two planers, and two
ubbing beds. Three derricks (two fitted for steam power) are
n use. 10 men are employed nine months in the year in the
ill. 50 cars a year of dressed stone are shipped, principally
D9 New York. The apartment house in New York on 10th
venue, between 57th and 58th streets, is an example of the
onstruction of this stone. The chief product of the mill is
nely dressed house trimmings, steps and platforms. The mill
fas formerly near Walton. The quarry is operated by contract
y Irving Carver, who is paid 23c an inch thick per square foot
or rock quarried, and 45c a cubic yard for stripping. The
ed of stone is 16 feet thick, with 30 to 35 feet of rock stripping.
he stone is of medium grain, gray blue color and rather soft.
the bed is horizontal, and divided by irregular vertical joints.
lack jack occurs in the bed in spots. The quarry is
quipped with hand derrick, steam boiler and drill. Three to
Jur men are employed.

Christopher Proskine, Fish Eddy. Quarry is situated 13 miles
ast of Fish Eddy. The opening is very small and shows 4 feet
f bed, with 10 to 12 feet of rock top. Cross bedding appears in
he ledge, causing waste. The stone is coarse grained and blue
fay, and is quarried for flagging. The stone is hauled to Fish
iddy and shipped by the Ontario and Western railroad.

74 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

G. W. Swartwout, Read Creek. Quarry situated on hillside on
west side of Delaware river (East Branch), 2 miles north of
Fish Eddy. The ledge has been opened 250 feet in the direc
tion of the side seams, which are irregular. The bed of stone :
is 4 to 5 feet thick, with rock top of 20 feet. The stone is coarse =
grained and gray blue. Much of it is stained with sap.
The bed dips to the south and west. The lifts are 2” to 247
thick, producing flag chiefly, which is shipped at Fish Eddy.
Two to three men are employed intermittently.

Sydney Skinner, East Branch. This quarry is on hill ACTOSS:
the river from Swartwout’s. The quarry is very small and is
just being opened. 8 feet of bed are exposed, with 6” of shale
and 6” of clay top. The bed is horizontal, and the seams are
of to 3” ‘apart. The stone is of medium coarse grain and green-
ish gray color. Below the bed a rough streak occurs. The
product of flag is hauled to East Branch and sold to Rhodes. |

This is as far south on the line of the Ontario and Western
railroad as the quarries were visited. A few other quarries”
are being worked near East Branch. a

As before remarked, there are a number of quarries at
Deposit that were not seen. The description of those that were
visited follows. |

S. F. Whittaker & Co., Deposit. Quarry is 24 miles sate of
Deposit on west side of Delaware river in Broome county. The
face along the side seams is 600 feet long and at the maximu i
hight is 35 feet, of which 7 feet are workable stone. “The
stripping of 12 to 28 feet is rock, shale and earth. The stone
is of medium grain and rather dark blue color. Some reeds
are present. The bed dips to the southwest at a noticeable
angle. The product is sold to Deposit stone co. Three to four
men are employed during the season. 4

Charles Linkroum, Deposit. Quarry 44-miles south of Deposit
near Pennsylvania state line. The bed of stone exposed is 13
feet thick, with top 12 to 35 feet thick of rock, shale and earth.
The bed is horizontal. The lifts vary from 14” to 8”. The
grain of the stone varies from the top down. The stone from

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES q5

the upper lifts is coarse grained, while in the lower lifts the
stone is finer grained and reedy. The color is fairly good blue
throughout. The side seams are fairly regular, but as usual
the heads are rough and uneven. The product includes flag
and edge stone, which is sold to Travis & Kingsbury at Hale
Eddy. Four men are employed.

Kinney & Lee, Hale Eddy. This quarry is just above Link-
roum’s and is a new opening. 12 feet of bed are workable,
above which are 8 feet of rock and 6 feet of dirt. The lifts are
nearly all thin, 1’ to 2”, and the product is chiefly flag. The
stone is rather fine grained and when not discolored by sap

is of good blue color. The bed is horizontal and is divided by

vertical joints of the usual direction.. The east and west joints
are very irregular. Travis & Kingsbury at Hale Eddy buy the
stone. The cost of cartage is 10% of the value of the load. Four
men are employed.

Curtis & Smith, Sherman Pa. Quarry lies just north of Penn-
Sylvania line, 5 miles south of Deposit. The bed of stone is 5
feet thick, with 15 to 30 feet of shale top. The stone is fine
grained and compact. It is of gray blue color, except where
discolored by sap. The bed is horizontal, and the seams
2’ to 8” apart. The face of the quarry is east and west, 200
feet long. Both systems of vertical jointing are present. The
product is chiefly flag and edge stone, which is sold at Hale
Eddy to Travis & Kingsbury. Three men are employed. |

Hobbs & Tupper, Hale Eddy. These men work ou same ledge

as Curtis & Smith. Two men are employed. Both quarries are

in Broome county.

John F. Sprague, Oquaga Lake. Quarry is 14 miles southeast
of Oquaga Lake. The quarry has been open for a number of
years and was worked extensively for a time. The scale of
operations is now small, and the main ledge is not worked.
Some outside blocks are being worked into flag. The bed of
stone in main ledge is 8 feet thick, with 12 to 20 feet of rock
top. The stone is uniformly coarse grained and gray. The ver-
tical joints are well developed and straight. The lifts run quite

76 NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM

heavy in the main ledge, 6” to 10”. The stone is free from reeds.
The bed is horizontal. The outside blocks are thin bedded and
produce flag 1” to 2” thick, which is as smooth as a board. It
is the intention of the owner to put in a derrick, strip the main
ledge, and quarry stone on a somewhat larger scale. The
product is sold at Hale Eddy and Deposit.

Andrew Weyman, Deposit. Quarry 1 mile south of Oquaga
Lake. The quarry is very small. The bed of stone is 5 feet
thick, with 8 feet of shaly top. The stone is thin bedded, gray
and coarse grained. The product, which is flag, is hauled to
Hale Eddy. It is worked only intermittently.

Riley Shellman, Deposit. Quarry is situated on Sand pond
hill, 24 miles south of Deposit, in Broome county. The bed of
stone is 44 feet thick, with 15 feet of rock top, which is broken.
The bed dips to the west slightly and is divided by regular verti-
cal joints north and south. The east and west joints are uneven
and rough. The stone is fine grained, compact and gray blue.
Near the joints the stone is discolored by sap. The lifts vary
from 13” to 4” in thickness. Few reeds are present. The ledge
has been opened 250 feet along the side seams. The product
of flag and curbvis sold at Deposit to Deposit stone co. Three
men are employed.

P. J. Madden, Deposit. Quarry is situated in Broome county
south of McClure postoffice on hill south of Erie railroad. This
is quite an extensive quarry, and is worked on a larger scale
‘than usual in the district. The bed of stone is 12 feet thick and
has an overburden of red shale 25 feet thick. The red shale
is not often found in this vicinity. Just below the shale and
above the bed is a stratum of rock 4 feet thick, which has a
greenish tinge. The north and south vertical joints, or side
seams, are regular and smooth, but the other system of vertical
jointing is very irregular. The ledge has been opened around
the hill 150 feet. The lifts vary from 6” to 20” in thickness,
but are reedy and can be split into 2” flag if necessary. The
stone is fine grained, compact and a light gray blue. The quarry
is favorably situated near the Sand bank switch on the Erie,

ry Y
: ~ .
.
.
of
.
j ‘
4 LF :
‘

Plate 18 To face p. 77

H. T. Dickinson, photo.
Bluestone quarry of Conrow and Hauy north of Deposit, showing
“black jack ”’

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES T7

here Mr Madden has a loading dock. The product includes
1] varieties of stone. Six to 10 men are employed the year
und. The quarry is equipped with a hand power derrick.
Patrick McAvoy, Deposit. Quarry situated on Shaeffer hill 24
iles north of Deposit. The quarry is very small, showing 4
et of thin bedded, coarse grained stone. The bed dips to the
wtheast rather sharply and is covered with a top of thin
dded rock 12 to 15 feet thick. The vertical jointing is very
regular. The product is chiefly flag, which is sold at Deposit
Kirkpatrick Bros.

John W. Scott, Deposit. Quarry 2} miles northeast of Deposit
| Rooney hill. The bed is horizontal and 9 feet thick at the
ax imum. The top‘is of red rock 10 to 15 feet thick, some of
hich is worked into salable stone. The seams are 6” to 8”
dart. The face of the quarry runs 125 feet north and south.
he stone is fine grained, light gray blue and very dense. The
oduct is chiefly edge stone, which is sold to Kirkpatrick Bros.
Deposit. Two men are employed. |

Conrow & Hauyck, Deposit. This firm is quarrying on the
rthern end of the ledge where Scott is quarrying. Here
lack jack occurs, which has eaten the bed down to 44 feet.
1e black jack is lens-shaped, soft and crumbles in the hand.
wo men are employed.

3 ’. D. Walley, Deposit. Quarry is 2 miles north of Deposit on
rest side of Delaware river. The bed of stone is 10 feet thick,
ith a 2 foot streak of rough rock 3 feet below the top of bed.
he stone below the rough streak is of better quality than above
. The bed pitches to the south and west gently. The strip-
ing consists of 5 feet of rock and 13 feet of earth containing
oulders. The stone is fine grained and gray blue. The side
‘ams are regular, but the headers are very rough. The lifts
ary from 2” to8”. The product is sold to Kirkpatrick Bros. at
leposit. Two men are employed.

G eorge Shellman, Deposit. Quarry 53 miles from Deposit on
est side of Delaware river. The bed of stone is 64 feet thick,
ith a top (varying from 7 to 15 feet in thickness) mostly of rock.

78 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The stone is of medium grain and blue when not discolored by
sap. The lifts are evenly bedded and range from 3” to 6” in
thickness. The bed is horizontal. The side seams are regular
and smooth, but no heads are to be seen. The stone is sold to
Kirkpatrick Bros. at Deposit. Two to three men are employed.

Shellman & Warner, Deposit. This firm is just opening a
quarry north of Walley’s quarry. Three to four men are
employed. .

Near Hale Eddy the following quarries are in active operation.

Ostram & Freeman, Hale Eddy. Quarry is situated 1 mile north
of Hale Eddy. The bed of stone is 64 feet thick, with 12 feet
of top, 4 feet of which are earth and the balance rock. The
stone is badly stained with sap and has only occasional
streaks of blue. It is fine grained and dense. The top rock is
very hard and can be drilled only with difficulty. The seams
are irregular, having a tendency to shift and grow, causing a
large amount of waste. 10¢ of the value of each load is paid.
for cartage to Hale Eddy, where the stone is sold to Travis &
Kingsbury.

G. N. Lord, Hale Eddy. Quarry is in Broome county, ? of a mile
east of Hale Eddy on south side of Delaware river. The bed
of stone is 7 feet thick, with 11 to 13 feet of rock top and 4 feet
of earth. The stone is fine grained and of a good blue. Near
the joints it is stained with sap. The bed dips to the south-
east. The side seams are quite regular and smooth. The lifts
vary from 3” to 6”. The product is chiefly flag and edge stone,
which is sold at Hale Eddy to Travis & Kingsbury. One man is
employed.

Jones & Adams, Hale Eddy. This quarry is + of a mile east of
Lord’s and in the same range. The bed of stone is 7 feet thick,
covered with 12 to 25 feet of rock and earth. The face of quarry
extends east and west 150 feet. The north and south joints are
straight and even, while the east and west joints are very irregu-
lar. The bed is horizontal, with seams 2” to 6” apart. The
seams are quite apt to shift and grow. The stone is sold at Hale
Eddy to Travis & Kingsbury. ‘Three men are employed.

1

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES Vi2,

On both sides of Rood and Sands creeks, which flow south-
ward into the Delaware, quarries have been opened. Those in
active operation follow. |

_ Arthur Beagle, Hale Eddy. Quarry on western side of the west
branch of Rood creek, 2 miles from Erie railroad. The ledge
has been opened up 500 feet long in a north and south direction.
At its maximum hight the face is 50 feet, of which 16 feet are
stone, the balance being rock (in which some shale occurs) and
earth. The bed dips slightly to the south and west. The side
seams and heads are quite regular, the average area of a block
being 2000 square feet. The bed of stone has been shown to be
25 feet thick, but, owing to the tightness of the lifts at the bot-
tom, the stone can not be quarried. The stone is rather coarse
grained, of fairly good blue colecr (specially the lower lifts) and
reedy. It is maintained that these reeds will not open. The
difts vary in thickness from 2” to 6”. The product consists of
flag and edge stone, which is sold to Travis & Kingsbury. Three
nen are employed.

Beagle & Mayo, Hale Eddy. This firm is quarrying on the same
ledge as Arthur Beagle. Its product is sold to Kirkpatrick
Bros. at Rood creek switch on the Erie railroad. A hand power

derrick is in use. Three men are employed,
Patrick Griffen, Hale Eddy. Quarry is on west side of eastern
branch of Rood creek. The ledge is covered with 2 feet of
earth; then come in succession 4 feet of rock, 6 feet of stone, 4
feet of shale and rough stone, and at the bottom 2} feet of stone.
The bed dips to the south and east. The two systems of vertical
jointing are present. The stone is coarse grained and has a
greenish blue appearance. The product of flag is sold to Travis
& Kingsbury at Rood creek switch. Two to three men are
employed.

Van Aken & Minko, Hale Eddy. Two men are employed in
uarrying on same ledge as Griffen.

Richard Kennedy, Hancock. Quarry situated on eastern side
of Rood creek 23 miles north of Erie railroad. The bed of stone
here is 9 feet thick, with top ranging from 10 to 25 feet of rock.

80 NEW YORK STATE MUSBUM =

The stone is coarse grained and greenish gray blue in color. The
face of the quarry is 450 feet long in an east and west direction.
The bed was 15 feet thick in the early history of the quarry, but
“the bottom has pitched up and pinched it out.” The vertical
joints are irregular, as is the dip. The product is hauled 3 miles.
to Hale Eddy at a cost of 204 of the value of the load. It is sold
to both local dealers. Two men are employed. :

Shaefer Bros, Hancock. This quarry, on eastern side of Rood
creek and 3 miles from Erie railroad, is said to be one of the best
quarries in this vicinity. The quarry face is 800 feet long in an
east and west direction. The dip of the strata is to the east,
where the water collects and is drained by a ditch. The bed of
stone averages 14 feet in thickness. Overlying it are 3 feet of
rock and 10 to 20 feet of earth. The vertical jointing is not uni-
form, but has the usual direction. The lifts vary from 4” to 44”
in thickness. The stone is medium fine grain and of fair blue
gray color. The product is chiefly rock, but some edge stone
is cut. The quarry is equipped with hand power derrick. Six
men are employed during the year. :

Thomas Roche, Hancock. Two men are employed quarrying on
Shaefer’s ledge west of the opening. The stone is all hauled to
Rood creek switch on the Erie railroad and sold to both local
dealers.

Elmer Beagle, Waicock Quarry on west side of Rood creek,
34 miles from Erie railroad. This quarry face shows but 43 feet
of bed, with 20 to 25 feet of interbedded rock and shale. The
stone is coarse grained. The top lifts are gray and the bottom
are gray blue. Black jack occurs here and has eaten out 3
feet of the bed, which was 8 feet thick when the quarry was
first opened. The vertical seams are irregular. The bed dips
slightly to the west. The product is chiefly flag, which is sold
at Rood creek switch to Travis & Kingsbury. The cost of cart

age is 20% of the value of the load of stone. Two men are
i

employed.
Bert Lee, Hancock. Quarry is situated on the hill on the west
side of Rood creek and on the north side of the Delaware river.

ee ee ee ae ae

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES z 81

The opening is not large, showing 6 feet of bed with 12 to 15 feet

of rock top. The stone is thin bedded, medium coarse grained
and grayish blue in color. The vertical joints are irregular in
direction. The seams are 13” to 4” apart, and some are rough.

-The bed has a slight pitch to the west. The product of flag is

sold to Kirkpatrick Bros. at Rood creek switch. Two men are
employed.

Travis & Kingsbury, Hancock. This is a firm of buyers
and quarrymen. The quarry is on north side of Delaware river,
41 miles northwest of Hancock. The opening is an old one and
is 1200 feet long in an east and west direction. The western end
only is being worked. There are two beds of workable stone.
The top bed, 7 feet thick, is separated from the lower bed, 5 feet
thick, by a rough streak 5 feet thick. Above the top bed there
are 25 feet of rock and 1 to 2 feet of clay. The beds pitch rather
more sharply than usual to the north. The stone is coarse
grained and ranges in color from light blue to greenish gray.
The vertical joints are quite irregular in direction. The beds
at the eastern end of the opening are horizontal, which shows
the variation of the dip. This is a common feature of the quar-
ries of this district. The stone is carted to Travis & Kingsbury’s
yards at Rood creek switch. Seven to eight men are employed.

Robert Moore, Hancock. Quarry 54 miles north of Hancock on
west side of Sands creek hollow. The face of the ledge has been
opened 300 feet east and west, and shows bed of 12 feet of stone
covered with 8 to 15 feet of rock top. The seams are even and
1” to 6” apart. The stone is rather coarse grained and of good
blue color when sap has not discolored it. The bed is
horizontal. The stone is worked into flag chiefly, which is sold
to Randall Bros. at Hancock. Four men are employed.

Crozier & Bahan, Hancock. This firm is opening a quarry on

_the Moore ledge. Two men are employed.

Fitch & Randall, Hancock. Quarry 5 miles northwest of Han-
cock on west side of Sands creek. The bed of stone is 7 feet
thick, with 5 to 6 feet of rock and earth top. The quarry was
opened this season. The stone is coarse grained and greenish

82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

blue. The lifts vary from 13” to 4”. Randall Bros. at Hancock
handle all the product, which is chiefly flag. Four men are
employed.

Rice & Co., Hancock. Quarry is 3 miles northwest of Hancock
on western side of Sands creek near the top of the hill. The
ledge has been opened 300 feet north and south along the side
seams. The stripping, amounting to 30 feet of rock covered with
a layer of earth, covers a bed of stone 15 feet thick, with lifts
varying from 6” to 24”. 'The stone is coarse grained and gray
blue. Sap has discolored the bed near the joints. Reeds are
present and are of the type which tighten on exposure. The
product is principally curb and rock, whici is sold to Kirk-
patrick Bros. at Sands switch on the Erie railroad. Three men
are employed.

M. J. Ford, Hancock. Quarry is situated on west side of Sands
creek 24 miles northwest of Hancock. ,The bed of stone is 8 to 9

ee s * ex

feet thick with 22 to 25 feet of rock, shale and earth top. The

stone is coarse grained and the lower lifts are of fairly good blue
color. The upper lifts are greenish gray. Some cross bedding
appears in the ledge, causing waste. The vertical joints are
irregular and stained with iron. The lifts vary from 14” to 5”.
The product includes all varieties of stone, which is sold to
Randall Bros. at Hancock. Three men are employed. Cost of
cartage to Hancock is 17% per value of load.

Patrick White, Hancock. Quarry is situated on the same hill
as Ford’s, but several ledges above. The bed of stone is 10 to 11
feet tkick, with 20 feet of roek top. The bed dips somewhat
more sharply than usual to the west. The bed is divided by
joints, which are not exactly vertical, dipping slightly to the
east. The stone is even bedded, the lifts varying from 2” to 9”
in thickness. The stone is coarse grained and greenish gray
blue. The product includes flag and edge stone, which is sold
to G. W. Kazenstein, a small buyer at Hancock on the Scranton
branch of the Ontario and Western railroad. Two men are
employed.

Edward Kearney, Hancock, This quarry is just opened on a
ledge above Ford’s and below White’s. The bed of stone worked

4

€8 ‘d o0¥y OF, FL 281d

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 83

so far is 4 feet thick and covered with a rock top of 10 to 15 feet.
The stone is coarse grained and light gray blue. The lifts vary
from 1” to 3”. The stone is sold to Randall Bros. at Hancock.
‘Two men are employed six months in the year. .

_ Johnson & Dirig, Hancock. Quarry is 3 miles northwest of
“Hancock on east side of Sands creek. The ledge has been
opened 700 feet around the edge of the hill. The quarry has
been worked extensively and is now producing a medium amount
of stone. The face has a maximum hight of 52 feet, 40 feet of
which are pencil and 12 feet bed. The upper 3 feet of bed are
thin bedded and suitable for flagging; but the lower lifts are
very heavy, with few reeds which are hard to split, the seams
being 2 to 34 feet apart. These heavy lifts are sold as rock to
‘Kirkpatrick Bros. at Sands switch. The bed dips slightly to
‘the south. The system of jointing is regular and smooth. 20%
of the value of each load is paid for cartage. Two to four men
are employed, eight months in the year.

q Arnold Grimsback, Hancock. This quarry is on west side of
Bear brook hollow 1 mile northwest of Hancock. This quarry,
known as the Baily quarry, was at one time a great producer
of stone, but is now worked at one end only. The face is
450 feet long, north and south, and shows a bed of stone ranging
from 5 to 15 feet in thickness. The top is very heavy, 10 to 40
Teet thick and of rock. The stone is coarse grained and of good
gray blue. The lifts vary from 3 inches to 4 feet in thickness.
The stone is worked into edge stone and rock. Little flag is pro-
duced, on account of the heavy lifts. The product is sold to
Randolph Bros. at Hancock. One man is employed.

_ Hanrahan & Cahill, Hancock. This quarry is 2 miles northwest
“of Hancock in Bear brook hollow. The bed of stone is 8 feet
thick, with 7 feet of clay and shale top. The stone is even
bedded (the seam being 14” to 6” apart) of medium fine grain
and a dirty blue color. The product is flag and edge stone, which
‘is sold to Kirkpatrick Bros. at Hancock. The cost of cartage is
7% of the value of each load. Two men are employed. The
= has been opened 10 months.

;

84 NEW YOLK STATE MUSEUM

P. Hanrahan, Hancock. A very small quarry situated on Coon |
hill 3 miles north of Hancock. The bed of stone is 4 feet thick,
with § to 10 feet of rock and shale top. The bed is quite rough, —
dipping gently to the northeast. The stone is of medium erain
and grayish blue, lifts varying from 2” to 3”. The product is
chiefly flag, sold to Kirkpatrick Bros. at Hancock. Two men
emploved. a

Thomas Scully, Hancock. The quarry is situated on the point ;
of the hill $ mile north of Hancock. ‘The bed is horizontal and |
10 to 14 feet thick. It is covered with a top of rock 25 to 30.
feet thick. The stone is of medium grain and gray blue in color.
Reeds occur in the lifts, which split easily. A rough streak ap- :
pears in some parts of the bed and causes waste. The two
systems of vertical jointing are as usual in the district. The
north and south joints are the more regular. The lifts vary ia f
thickness from 3” to 12”. It is said that quarrying can be
carried on all the year without affecting the stability of the’
stone. The face of the quarry is 250 feet long. The product |
consisting of rock, edge stone, and some flag, is bought by Kirk
patrick Bros. at Hancock. The quarry is nous with hand |
power derrick. Four men are employed. 3

O’Rourke & Stewart. Quarry is situated near Women pond J
miles east of Hancock. The bed averages 6 feet in thickness
and is covered by thin bedded rock 12 to 15 feet thick. The bed
dips to the southwest at a noticeable angle. Cross bedding”
appears in the top. The stone is coarse grained and a bluish ‘
gray, and flag is the chief product. The vertical jointing is
irregular. The product is chiefly flag, which is carted to Stock-
port and sold to Kirkpatrick Bros. Two to three men are
employed. ri

Comfort & Wood, Hancock. Quarry is 1 mile west of O’Rourke
& Stewart’s. The bed of stone is 6 feet thick and covered with
12 to 14 feet of rock and clay. The opening is not large. The .
north and south vertical joints are well developed and regular,
but the east and west joints are not uniform. The stone is
coarse grained and gray blue. The product is sold to Kirk-
patrick Bros. at Stockport.

| BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 85
Between Stockport and Lordville there are three quarries in
“operation: two of Henry Prigge’s and one of John Cuddike’s.
The product from these quarries is shipped by the Erie railroad
at Kilgore’s switch. One of Prigge’s quarries is situated on hill-
side north of Delaware river and 4 mile northeast of Kilgore’s
“switeh, The thickness of the workable bed averages 6 feet and
‘is of even, thin bedded, grayish, fine grained stone, which is
-reedy. The stripping consists of 2 feet of rock and 10 to 35 feet
of earth containing boulders. The bed dips slightly to the north-
west. The vertical joints are irregular and curved. ‘The lifts
‘vary in thickness from 2” to 4”. The product is chiefly flag.
‘Three to four men are employed.

The other quarry of Prigge’s is on the same hill as the above,
but on the western side. The bed of stone dips to the west and
is 10 feet thick. There is a rough streak 3 feet thick in the
middle of the bed, all of which is waste. The top is 40 to 45
feet thick, 10 feet of which are red clay, the balance being thin,
irregular bedded rock. The stone is fine grained, gray blue and
reedy. It is said that these reeds will not open by weathering.
Four to five men are employed.

John Cuddike, Lordville. Quarry situated 1 mile north of Kil-
gore’s switch on west side of hollow. The opening is small, but
‘interesting on account of the lens of black jack which occurs
‘in the top, which is of shale and rock and 16 feet thick. The
Stone is of medium grain and is gray blue. The even bedded
‘lifts are 4” to &” thick. The thickness of the workable stone is
45 feet. Two men are employed.

List of docks and stone buyers along Erie and Ontario and Western
railroads

Kirkpatrick Bros. Hancock
Erie. Deposit: 125 cars a year (estimated), three men em-
ployed. }
Rood creek switch: 150 cars a year, three men em-
ployed.
Hancock: 200 cars a year, four to five men employed.
Stockport: 40 to 50 (20 ton) cars a year.
| Lordyille: 300 (20 ton) cars in 1899, four employees.
0.& W. Tyler’s switch: 40 to 50 cars a year.

86

Erie.

0. & W.

Erie.

Erie.

Erie.

Erie.

Erie.

0.& W. Hancock: 125 cars a year.
Average value of carload of stone of 20 tons is $90.
During 1900 the cost of freight from above docks to markets q
in Jersey City was $1.55 a ton, in New York $2.15 a ton and in 3
Philadelphia $2 a ton. : ,

Bluestone quarry of Olds & Miller, situated north of West: ,
Davenport, 5 miles east of Oneonta. A very fine quality of |
hand dressed stone is produced. The stone is of good blue |
color and fine grained, and takes tooling nicely. The bed of 4
stone is 8 feet thick with 8 to 9 feet of stripping of rock and q |
clay. The lifts vary from 4” to 8” and are smooth. The prod- -
uct includes flag and all varieties of edge stone. The market E

4

NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM

Travis & Kingsbury, Hale Eddy
Hale Eddy: 250 cars a year, two to three men, hand
derrick.
Rood creek switch: 450 (20 ton) cars a year, two to four
men employed, hand derrick.
Randall Bros. Hancock
Tunnel switch: 50 cars a year.
Hancock: 250 cars a year, two men employed.

ely xaos Te ee Oe. Ce eT eae os oe

Deposit stone co. Deposit :

Deposit: 200 (20 ton) cars a year, two men employed
loading. 3
Sand bank switch: 25 cars a year, two men employed —
loading. :
Sands creek switch: 125 (20 ton) cars a year, three mem

employed.
P. J. Madden, Deposit

Sand bank switch: 150 to 200 cars a year.
Henry Prigge, Lordville
Kilgore’s switch: 40 to 50 cars a year, two men em-
ployed. |
Standard bluestone co. Jersey City
Lordville: 196 (20 ton) cars a year, two yardmen.
G.W. Kazenstein, Hancock

a ty

QUARRIES IN THE SOUTHCENTRAL COUNTIES
Oneonta, Otsego co.

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BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 87

is chiefly in Oneonta and other towns along the Delaware &
Hudson railroad. .

_ Several other small quarries have been opened near Oneonta
for common building stone, but are worked only at irregular
intervals.

Oxford, Chenango co.

The largest quarry of bluestone in New York is situated
northwest of Oxford on the west side of the Chenango valley,
150 feet above the railroad. The quarry was first opened in
1874 and operated in a small way till 1880, when F. G. Clarke
(later F. G. Clarke & Son and F. G. Clarke bluestone co.)
took hold and began quarrying on a large scale. The bed of
stone has a total thickness of 18 feet, and the stripping, or
overburden, consists of 40 feet of drift earth, in which are im-
bedded large boulders and 25 feet of solid rock. The top 10
feet of bed is divided by horizontal seams 4” and upward
‘apart. The stone from this bed is used chiefly for platforms.
The bottom 8 feet is of two lifts 4 feet thick, and known
as “liver” rock. Liver rock is very dark blue and can be worked
equally well in all directions; and is used chiefly for house
trimmings and building stone. The stone is a good blue, fine
grained and softer than the Ulster county stone. The following
tests and analyses are interesting.

Stone from the quarries of the F. G. Clarke bluestone co.

TESTS MADE AT THE NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM, UNDER THE
; DIRECTION OF PROF. J. ©. SMOCK

Specific gravity 2.7113
Weight, per cubic foot 168.97
Percentage of water absorbed 1.11

Weight of water per cubic foot 1.876
Percentage of gain in weight in CO, gas 0024
Weight increased in lb (per cubic ft) 0041

Percentage of gain in sulfurous acid 064
Weight increased per cubic ft 108
freezing and thawing test | No effect

88 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

CRUSHING. TEST MADE UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE ASSISTANT
ENGINEER EMPLOYED IN TESTING MATERIAL FOR THE PEDESTAL
OF THE STATUE OF “ LIBERTY ENLIGHTENING THE WORLD,”
AP. 20, 1884 |

Dimensions

Ist cube, 3 in. x 2.936 in. x 2.786 in. — 8.18 sq. In.

a0 SS x 20. & 2 CO e

ads) oo 3 msx 2.888 in. x 280i 092, ae

No. 1 bore a strain of 103,700 lb before crushing on its quarry
bed

No. 2 bore a strain of 103,600 Ib before crushing on its quarry ~
bed

No. 3 bore a strain of 98,340 lb before crushing not on its quarry
bed |

The Ist stood a strain of 12,677 lb to the sq. in.

8 | & 13,472 sf

eat | A ID152,7 ee
ANALYSIS MADE BY W. BE. GIFFORD, CHEMIST, 54 PINE ST. NEW YORK
Silica : 77.56
Alumina . 10.65
Oxid of iron 4.59
Oxid of manganese OS
Lime 34
Magnesia 1.22
Potassa 2.15
Soda : sero
Water 1.93
Undetermined matter and loss Bay f

100

The strata are horizontal and the situation of the quarry is —
such that the drainage is natural. The quarry face is 1000 feet
long in a north and south direction and is being worked at

various points. The stripping is carried on during the winter ff

season and is done by blasting. The earth is carted away by
wagon, and the rock is piled up east of the face by the derrick.

BLUESTONH ANT) OTHER SANDSTONES 89

A wire tramway was in use for stripping, but has been found
to be of little advantage. The bed of stone is blasted out, holes
being bored by steam drills and reamed out according to the
Knox system. A channeling machine was formerly used.
The quarry is equipped with three steam power derricks. A
mill equipped with planers, gang saws and rubbing bed is run
in connection with the quarry. Here the stone is prepared for
the various demands of the market. 100 men are employed in
‘quarrying and dressing the stone. 1000 carloads have been
‘shipped this year by the Ontario and Western railroad to various
points. The market is chiefly in New York and Pennsylvania
towns. A special car capable of carrying a stone 25 feet x 15
feet is used by the company in shipping the largest stone.
Examples of construction in which the Oxford bluestone has
“been used are, the lower portions of Aldrich court, 41-43 Broad-
way, New York; the steps in the terrace approaching the capitol
at Washington; the steps, platforms and column bases of the
‘capitol at Trenton N. J.; St Lawrence hall, New Haven Ct.;
‘the state prison for insane criminals at Matteawan N. Y.; the
Oxford bank building at Oxford; and the Trinity Memorial
‘church at Binghamton N. Y.

South Oxford, Chenango co.

F. G. Clarke bluestone co. operates a quarry 1 mile east of the
‘railroad. The face is 600 feet long in a north and south direc-
tion. A top bed of 4 feet is quarried mainly for flagging. It is
covered with a top of 4 feet of clay. Underneath the bed of flag
‘is shale 15 feet thick, covering the liver rock 9 feet thick.
The same system of quarrying is in use as at Oxford. ‘The
“quarry is equipped with hand derricks and drills. The flag is
shipped from Coventry Station by the railroad, but the liver
rock is sent to Oxford for mill treatment. 50 men are employed
‘throughout the year.

Several small quarries have been opened in the vicinity of
South Oxford for flagging at Tyner, Walker’s Corners and
Springfield Flats.

90 | NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

King’s Ferry, Cayuga co.
Quarry of Cusick & Murray is 4 mile south of King’s Ferry.
This quarry has been opened 10 years, and produces flagging, !
curb and cross walks for the towns of Elmira, Waverly, Auburn,
Ithaca, and others in New York state. The stone is dark blue,
fine grained and easily split to a thickness of 2”. Very little 4
dressing is done except for the curb and cross walks. The ©
product is hauled to King’s Ferry station and shipped by the ©
Lehigh Valley railroad. The face of the quarry is 800 feet long
in a northwest and southeast direction. The bed of stone is 22” —
thick and divided by two systems of vertical jointing running
northeast and southwest, and northwest and southeast. The
vertical joints are from 2 to 60 feet apart. The bed is covered
with 14 feet of dirt and 6 feet of shale. Stripping is done by
blasting and handled by carts and wagons. In the shale top at
the southern end of the quarry a 5” stratum of stone occurs 14” —
above the top of the main bed. The equipment of quarry —
includes two derricks (one hand power, one steam power) and a :
blacksmith shop. 20 men are employed the year round. The :
output averages 200 cars a year.. :
The prices obtained f. 0. b. King’s Ferry are, 9c to 15c a square
foot for flag according to size and thickness; 25c to 30c a linear
foot for 20” curb; rock, 3c to 4c an inch per square foot.

Goodyears, Cayuga co.
J. G. Barger quarries flagging and building stone on a small
scale here. The quarry was worked very little during the sum-

mer of 1900.
Trumansburg, Tompkins co.

Cusick & Murray are operating a quarry near Halseyville 2
miles west of Trumansburg on south side of Taughannock creek.
The product is chiefly flagging, and is sold at the same points as
the stone from the King’s Ferry quarry. Three beds are being» |
worked, separated by beds of shale. 15 to 18 feet of soil and 4
feet of shale cover the top bed, which is 4 feet thick. Between —
the top and middle bed which is 2 feet thick are 6 feet of shale.
Then come 4 feet more of shale and a bed of stone 2 feet thick.

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BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 91

The face of the quarry runs north and south, and is 500 feet long.
‘The jointing is north and south. Drainage is natural. The
stone is a very dark blue, fine grained and easily split. A hand
power derrick and steam drill are part of the equipment. Five
‘to six men are employed during the year. The stone is shipped
from Taughannock Falls station on the Lehigh Valley railroad.

On both sides of Taughannock creek, just below the falls, flag-
stone is being quarried by two operators, F. C. Biggs employing
_two to three men, and Peter O’Hara employing six to seven
men. The bed worked is 3 to 4 feet thick and covered with 6 to
10 feet of soil. The stone is dark blue, fine grained and reedy.
‘The lifts vary from 6 inches to 1 foot, but can be split easily to
2”. Drilling is done by “jumper” drills, otherwise the quarry-
ing is the same as in Ulster county. The product is shipped at
-Taughannock Falls by the Lehigh Valley railroad to Syracuse,
Rochester, Ithaca and Sayre Pa. Each operator has a hand
derrick,

Several quarries ~ of a mile west of the shore of Cayuga lake
have been opened, but have not been worked in late years.

J. T. Hunt of Farmer operates a small quarry 6 miles from
Trumansburg and 1 mile west of Cayuga lake. The product is
flag of a reddish tinge and is quarried for local uses.

Ithaca, Tompkins co.

_ Sandstone of the Portage horizon is quarried 13 miles south
_of Ithaca on the hillside above and below the Delaware, Lacka-
. wanna and Western railroad track. The stone is used for flag-
ging, common building stone, and is crushed for road metal. The
stone is a dark bluish gray and fine grained. The beds vary
from 10 to 16 feet in thickness and have occasional streaks of .
shale in them. The stripping of earth is 6 to 20 feet thick. The
‘stone is thin bedded, the distance between the seams averaging
2”. The two quarries produce road metal and are equipped with
steam crushers and drills.

Wilbur J. Bates operates a quarry on the hill in the southern
part of the town intermittently. The bed is 35 feet thick, a great
deal of which is waste. The lifts vary from 2” to 10” in thick-

92 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ness, and in the lower part of the bed are very uneven. The
stone is very dark with a slight reddish tinge, and fine grained~
The vertical joints dip slightly to the east and run north and
south. The dip of the bed is at a gentle angle to the south. The
product is used for road metal and foundations. Some trim-—
mings are cut, such as sills and lintels. The quarry is equipped. |
with a crusher,

‘Sandstone ” for the Cornell university buildings was quarried
on the site of Cascadilla hall and at a quarry in front of the
main building, but lower on the hillside. Another quarry was
opened near the McGraw-Fiske mansion and Fall creek. The
stone in Cascadilla hall is the best from these local quarries.

A quarry on E. State street is operated by Driscoll Bros.
{contractors). Stone is quarried as needed. The bed of
stone is 22 feet thick, with 18 to 20 feet of top. The vertical
joints run east and west, and are smooth and regular, 6 to 10
feet apart. Lifts vary from 2” to 4”. The stone is fine grained,
dark colored and of red and green tinges. The product is used
locally for trimmings and foundation work.

Penn Yan, Yates co. s
3 miles south of Penn Yan and 4 mile east of Keuka lake
a quarry has been opened by S. Thayer. The quarry is very
small, and the product is rough foundation stone, which is used
locally. The stone is very coarse grained and shaly. The ver-
tical joints are very irregular. 10 feet of rock cover the 4
feet of bed of stone.
F. E. Hoyt and Warren Sanford have opened quarries south
of Penn Yan, but they have not been worked for several years.
James Woodruff’s quarry is 34 miles south of Penn Yan and
14 miles east of Keuka Jake. The bed of workable stone is 2
feet thick with 5 feet of shale and earth top. The stone is
fine grained, dark blue, and compact. The bed is horizontal.
The product is rough building stone, which is used in Penn Yan

for foundations.
Himrod, Yates co.

Evan Potter’s quarry is situated 14 miles east of Himrod.
The stone is fine grained and very dark blue. The bed is 2 feet

@6 “d o0vy OL LT 938d

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 93

thick with 3 feet of shale and earth overburden. The product
_ is all rough building stone, some of which is used for culverts -
on the roads. Louis Cheney has also worked a small quarry
near Himrod, but not for some time.

Watkins, Schuyler co.

No quarries are worked continuously here, but there is an
opening in the hill 14 miles south of Watkins, made by the
Elmira and Watkins electric road, that is worked intermit-
tently. The face at the back is 50 feet high and 200 feet long.
Stone and shale are interbedded, the thickness of the stone
approximating 12 feet. The stone is fine grained, even bedded
and very dark blue, It is not handsome, but durable. The
stone has been used for culverts on the electric railroad between

Watkins and Elmira.
Portage, Livingston co.

The quarry of the Genessee Valley bluestone co. is 3 miles
south of Portageville, just west of the Western New York and
Pennsylvania railroad in Wyoming county. It has been worked
for many years, and a large amount of stone has been produced.

The excavation is rectangular in shape, 120 feet x 210 feet.
The stripping is of clay 20 to 40 feet thick, and increases on
the western side. A great deal of trouble is experienced with
the top, as part of it is in the nature of quicksand, and slides
occur during the wet season, filling the opening with earth, sand
and rock. The bed has been worked to a depth of 42 feet,
divided into lifts by mud seams 2 to 8 feet apart. The lifts
run in the following thicknesses vertically: 8 feet, 2 feet, 15 feet,
3 feet, 24 feet, 13 feet, 1% feet, 8 feet and 14 feet. The second

lift from the bottom, 8 feet thick, contains a streak of stone
containing a large amount of iron and is known as “ black
rock.” This is of poor color and is sawed into flag. Just above
the black_rock the best stone is produced. The stone is fine
grained and soft. The best is greenish blue. It is homogene-
ous in texture, easily worked and presents a very fine finish.

A representative specimen of this stone gave the following
tests: Specific gravity 2.695, weight per cubic foot 168 Ib, water
absorbed 2.974.

94 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The loss by treatment with dilute H, SO, was .42¢. Freez-—
ing and thawing tests produced but slight scaling. At a tem-
perature of 1200° to 1400° F the color changed to a dull red.
There were no checks, and the strength of the specimen was-

but little impaired. It is said to harden on exposure, and if ©
quarried during cold weather will check badly from frost.
Owing to the depth of the pit below the surrounding country,
water is troublesome. It is removed by means of a steam
pump. The quarry is also equipped with Wardwell channeling
machine, Rand drill and steam derrick. The blocks are cut out
by the channeling machine, which cuts to 5 feet 9 inches. The
blocks are wedged out and lifted by the steam derrick. Drilling
is done when necessary. A mill is run in connection with the —
quarry, where the stone is sawed, planed and rubbed for market.
57 men are employed during the quarrying season, which lasts
from Mar. 15 to Nov. 30.

The stone is marketed chiefly in New York city. A side track
runs into the quarry from the railroad. The price for block
stone averages 60c a cubic foot. 42 to 48 carloads are shipped
each month during the season.

Warsaw, Wyoming co.

Stone known in the trade as Warsaw bluestone is quarried
by two firms 34 miles south of Warsaw and 2 miles west of
Rock Glen on the Erie railroad. Both quarries are on the same
ledge of stone, within 25 yards of each other. The names of
the firms are Warsaw bluestone co. and Otis & Gage. The
latter firm has just begun operations this year.

The quarry formerly worked by the Warsaw bluestone ¢o.
at Rock Glen has been abandoned for some years, though the
mill still stands and is connected with the present quarry by a
railroad track. The bed of stone now: worked is 35 feet
thick. The top 5 feet are black rock and practically waste.
The overburden consists of hardpan holding broken rock and is
15 feet thick. The bed is horizontal so far as can be seen. The
lifts vary from 6 inches to 8 feet in thickness. In quality, color

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BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES re

and grain the stone is very similar to the Portage bluestone.
It holds the color well on exposure and is easily worked.

The quarries are in the shape of irregular pits, the vertical
joints forming the sides and ends. The blocks are cut, how-
ever, by channeling machines. The channel makes a cut
5 feet 9 inches in depth, a4 wide at top and 1}” wide at the
bottom; 18 to 20 linear feet can be cut every 10 hours. The
level of the beds is below that of the surrounding country and
water is very troublesome. It is handled by steam pumps.
‘The equipment of the Warsaw bluestone co. consists of a
Wardwell channeling machine, three drills, a steam pump, two
team hoisting derricks; and a mill at Rock Glen with 12 gang
saws, two planers, one borer, one circular saw, one lathe and
four steam hoisting derricks. 45 men are employed in the
quarry, and 20 men in the mill during the season.

Otis & Gage have a mill in course of erection within 100
yards of their quarry. A gravity railway connects the two.
The mill is to be fully equipped with saws, planers, lathes ete.
At the quarry there is in operation one Sullivan channeling
machine, one steam drill, a steam hoisting derrick and a steam
‘pump. 50 men are employed in quarry and mill.

_ Both mills are connected with the Erie railroad by side
tracks. The market for this stone is in New York, Elmira,
: Corning, Binghamton, Philadelphia and HAshington.

_ The following are examples of its use in construction: St
Joseph’s school at Buffalo; catholic school at Middletown;
catholic church at Binghamton; armories at Brooklyn, Hudson,
Hornellsyille and Tonawanda; Vassar college at Poughkeepsie;
residences at Corning, and the residence of N. S. Beardsley at

Warsaw.
Waverly, Tioga co.

Gilbert Edgecomb’s quarry is 2 miles north of Waverly, west
of the Lehigh Valley railroad on a hillside. The quarry is 100
feet above the icvel of the valley. The hight of the face at the
back is 75 feet, and the length 125 feet in a north and south
direction. The bed is covered with 4 feet of earth. The stone

96 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

is coarse grained, thin bedded and blue to eray in color. The

product is rough building stone. It is used locally for founda-
tions and in bridge building on the Delaware, Lackawanna and
Western railroad. The quarry was opened in 1870.
Elmira, Chemung co. 3

The quarries are on the western face of the hill forming the
eastern boundary of the valley between Horseheads and Elmira.
Two quarries only are in active operation, but a number of open-
ings have been made. . ,

W. B. Pratt’s quarry has been opened 50 years. The hight at

back is 40 to 60 feet. The bed of stone is not more than 25 feet
thick and is thin bedded. It is covered with 25 feet of clay and
shale top. The shale is made use of in the manufacture of pav-
ing brick. The stone is gray to very dark blue and fine grained.
It is quarried by drilling deep holes and blasting. No dressing

iis ae

is done. The product is used for foundation work and cellar

walls in Elmira. Six to seven men are employed during the

season, which lasts seven or eight months in the year. A steam
drill and hand derrick are part of the equipment.

A. Voight’s quarry is 34 miles north of Elmira on the same
range as Pratt’s. The bed of stone is 20 to 25 feet thick, with
shaly streaks running through it. The stripping is 14 to 16 feet
thick, 10 feet of which are shale, the balance being drift earth.

The stone varies in color from red to blue. It is fine grained
and very dense. The vertical jointing, as at Pratt’s quarry, is
north and south and east and west. The product is rough build-
ing stone which is used locally. A hand derrick is in use, Two
to four men are employed. The price of stone in Elmira aver-
ages $1 per perch.

On the hills bounding the valley of the Chemung river between

Elmira and Big Flats, quarries have been opened on the lands

of H. T. Clark and Sarah A. Conklin, but, owing to the long haul

to market, are little worked.

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 97

QUARRIES IN THE SOUTHWESTERN COUNTIES

Corning, Steuben co.

But two quarries are being worked this season at Corn-
ing, though a number have been opened there in years past.
Edward Kelly’s quarry is situated 14 miles southwest of Corning
on a hillside. The stone is fine grained and gray, specially in
the upper part of the bed. In the lower part of the bed the
stone has a pinkish blue appearance.

- At the top are 30 feet of shale and dirt, in which there are
-a few courses of good stone. , Below this are 8 feet of stone,
which is blasted out and broken up for rough foundation work.
This quarry has produced a better quality of stone, which was
-dressed and used in the reformatory buildings at Elmira and in
the catholic church at Corning. The equipment consists of a
hand derrick. Two to three men are employed according to
demand.

- George Barnard’s quarry is # of a mile southeast of Corning.
~The ledge has been opened up 250 feet in an east and west direc-
tion. The hight of the face is 50 feet, of which 30 feet are shale
and consequently worthless.

The lifts vary from 3 inches to 2 feet and are fairly regular.
The stone is gray with a pink tinge, fine grained and somewhat
reedy. The vertical joints are quite smooth and have an east
and west direction. The product is all foundation stone and its
market is local. The quarry is equipped with hand derrick.

_ A. I. Martin owns a quarry $ mile west of Mossy Glen, but it
has not been worked for the last two seasons. The bed is 6 feet
thick, with 6 feet of clay top. The stone is fine grained, bluish
gray and reedy. It is used for foundation work.

Bath, Steuben co.

The quarry of W. and George Jinks is 2 miles northeast of
Bath and 250 feet above the valley, on hillside. The hight of
the face at the back is 50 feet, of which 20 to 25 feet produce
marketable stone, the upper 30 feet being shale and clay. The
courses of stone vary in thickness from 3” to 18” and are inter-

98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

stratified with shale. The strata are horizontal. The stone is
fine grained and of a light gray color. It has been used for cut
Stone in the protestant episcopal church and county buildings.
at Bath, but is now quarried only for foundation work.

Just below this quarry another opening has been made in the —
hill. 15 feet of face are exposed, 8 feet of which are salable
stone. The stone is gray, but has a whitish tinge, The lifts
are somewhat heavier than in the quarry above. |

The quarry of V. Holmes is situated 14 miles southwest of —
Bath. The ledge exposed is 45 feet thick. On top are 12 feet —
of clay and shale. Below this the courses of stone are inter-
stratified with the shale. There are probably 8 feet of stone
in the bed. The stone is fine grained and dark gray. It is quar-
ried for cellar and rough work. It has not been worked the past
season.

Near the Soldiers home at Bath stone has been quarried for
the foundations of buildings and for road metal. The face
is 125 feet high and 300 feet long. The sandstone is even bedded,
of a gray color, and interstratified with shale. The vertical
jointing is rough and irregular, but has a north and south and
east and west direction. The dip is to the south and west and
the lower strata are so covered with rubbish that it is impossi-
ble to determine the difference in quality of the stone in the

beds.
Cohocton, Steuben co.

No quarries have been worked the past season at Cohocton on
account of lack of demand for the stone. _

Fred Zimmers’s quarry lies 24 miles due west of Cohocton.
The bed of stone, 4 feet thick, is covered with 15 feet of shale, in:
which some stone is interbedded. The product has been used
for foundation work. The stone is fine grained and light gray.
The quarry has not been worked for three years.

F. F. Woodworth’s quarry is 8 miles northeast of Cohoctom
and two miles southeast of Atlanta, on a hillside 250 feet above
the valley. 8 feet of shale and soil cover the 30 feet of stone
courses, which vary in thickness from 3 inches to 2 feet. The

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BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONBS 99

beds are nearly horizontal and divided by vertical joints, which
run north and south and east and west, but are rough and
irregular. The product is flag, which is sold locally and also
shipped abroad by way of the Erie and Delaware, Lackawanna
and Western railroads.

Dansville, Livingston co.
_ Only one quarry is worked at Dansville, that of Jacob Schub-
mehl, which is on the south end of hill which forms the eastern
boundary of the valley in which Dansville lies. It is 2} miles
southwest of the town above the Delaware, Lackawanna and
Western railroad. The quarry face is 600 feet long, in an east
and west direction, and 50 feet high. The top is of shale 15 feet
thick, and beneath it shale and stone are interstratified. The
stone is light gray and fine grained. In the lower courses the
stone has a greenish tinge. The beds average 24 feet in thick-
ness. There is an abundance of reeds or splitting planes in the
stone. The product is chiefly rough foundation work, and the

market a local one.
Hornellsville, Steuben co.

Two quarries are being worked at Hornellsville. James May’s
quarry is 1? miles south of the town on a hillside, 100 feet above
the valley. Two openings, 7 rods apart, on the same ledge, are
being worked. A vertical section shows 10 feet of clay and
broken rock, and 20 feet of stone. The stone is fine grained and
bluish gray incolor. The bed dips to the southwest gently. The
stone is divided by vertical joints running n. 50 e. and s. 40 w.
The stone is susceptible to disintegration if quarried during cold
weather. The product is chiefly common building stone for local
consumption. Two to three men are employed during the year.

Joseph 8S. Cobb’s quarry is in the same range as May’s, and the
stone is very similar. The face of the quarry is 900 feet long and
50 feet high at the back. There are 8 feet of stripping of clay,
25 feet of light blue sandstone (which is used for rough work) and
12 feet of blue gray stone. The lower bed is used for cut stone,
and the trimmings in the Bryant & Park schoolhouse at Hor-
-nellsville are from this quarry. As the ledge is worked into the

100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

hill, the lifts become very heavy and hard to handle. This is
caused by the ledge being opened up such a long distance.
Three men are employed during the year.

Belmont, Allegany co.

Leander Gordon and Eugene Pease own quarries near here.
Gordon’s quarries are 4 mile northwest of the village. There
are two openings: one near the road, producing flag, and one
farther back for building stone. The flag quarry is very small.
The stone is fine grained and gray. The bed is 44 feet thick,
with 5 to 6 feet of dirt on top, and dips to the northwest. The ©
lifts vary from 2” to 8”. The flag is for local consumption. The
quarry for building stone has a depth of bed of 18 to 20 feet, with —
6 to 7 feet of shale overburden, in which some stone is inter-
bedded. The stone is of the same quality as the flag quarry,
but runs in heavier lifts, 12” to 24”. The stone when cut has a
pleasing appearance, but stains on exposure. The quarry has
not been worked in some time.

The quarry of Eugene Pease is 24 miles southwest of Bel- ©
mont. The bed is 12 feet thick, but the upper 10 feet are badly
broken and are used only for common building stone. The
lower 2 feet produce some cut stone. The stone is of medium
grain and greenish gray. The top is 4 feet thick and of soil.
The product is all sold locally.

Angelica, Allegany co.
William Tracy has opened a flag quarry 14 miles south of the —
village. It has been opened one year. The bed of stone is
4 feet thick, interbedded with shale. The lifts vary from 8” to
2 feet, and can be split. The stone is light gray and fine
grained. The bed is nearly horizontal and is divided by a series
of irregular vertical joints. The product is sold in Angelica,
Belmont, and other neighboring villages.
Belvidere, Allegany co.
H. Whitcomb’s quarry has not been worked in 10 vears.
Cuba, Allegany co.
Jesse Adams works a quarry just south of the Erie raileeal |
station. The length of face in an east and west direction is —

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 101

feet, and the maximum hight 30 feet. The bed is 8 feet
thick, and dips to the south 1 in 7. The top of 10 to 22 feet
of shale, broken rock and dirt. In this there is some stone
good enough for rough work. The stone is light gray and fine
grained. The lifts vary from 2” to 12” in thickness. The
product is used locally for common work.
Rockville, Allegany co.

Quarry of A. Searles 1 mile south of Rockville station. The
bed of stone is 5 to 6 feet thick and is rough. 8 feet of soil
and broken rock cover the bed. The stone is light gray and
fine grained. The lifts vary from 6” to 12”. The vertical
jointing is northeast and southwest and northwest and south-
east. Cross bedding appears in the bed. A line fence divided

this quarry from Earl] Herkimer’s quarry, which is on the same
ledge. The product is used locally in the surrounding towns
for flagging and foundation work.

Belfast, Allegany co.
No quarry has been worked near Belfast in seven years.

: Olean, Cattaraugus co.

_ The quarry of the Olean bluestone co. has been abandoned
for five years, and the mill has been torn down.

John McCann is working a quarry 24 miles south of Olean
in Wild Cat hollow. The bed of stone is 12 feet thick and is
covered with a top of 8 feet of broken rock and soil. The stone
is fine grained and has an oily appearance when first quarried,
but turns light gray on exposure. The quarry face is 700 feet
dong and extends around the hill. The ledge has been worked
this way to avoid the heavy top, in working into the hill. The
lifts vary from 8” to 2 feet. The stone is used for common
stone and curbing in Olean. The common stone sells for $1.25
a perch and the curb for 18c a linear foot. Two to three men
are employed.

Joseph Rounds quarries stone on the same ledge south of

McCann.
Jamestown, Chautauqua co.

Six openings have been made in the eastern part of the town,
in the hill on the right bank of the Chautauqua lake outlet,

102 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

and one on the left bank of the outlet. The latter quarry is
that of the Jamestown shale paving brick co. This quarry was
originally opened for building stone, but the amount of shale
became so great that the brick works were built to dispose of
it. Now the quarrying of the stone for building is a minor
affair. The ledge opened is 62 feet thick. The upper 25 feet

are of shale and thin layers of stone, all of which is used for —

making brick. Below occurs the stone for building purposes.

The stone is bluish, fine grained, and hard. The vertical joints

are at irregular distances apart,

The systems run n. 30 w. and s. 55 w., the first being vertical,
the second pitching steeply to the northwest. The lifts vary
from 6” to 14”. The product includes common building stone
and cut work. It is sold in Jamestown for $6 to $7 a cord.

The quarries on the right bank of the outlet are at irregular
intervals, the distance from the first to the last being about

# of a mile. They have been worked extensively at one time,

but are small producers now. The maximum hight of face
exposed is 65 feet. Below the top 5 feet of earth, stone and
shale are interbedded. The upper courses produce only com-
mon building stone, while the lower beds are thicker, of better
color and grain, and are cut for house trimmings for local
market. No machinery of any kind is in use, but three of the
Openings are provided with hand derricks.
Watts Flats, Chautauqua co.

No quarries are in operation here.
North Clymer, Chautauqua co.

Two quarries on the same ledge have been worked 4 mile

east of the railroad station. The bed of stone is 20 feet thick,
but the top 4 feet are too rough for good stone. Above the

bed are 3 feet of earth. The lifts vary from 1 foot to 34 feet. .

The bed dips gently to the northeast. The stone is light gray
and fine grained, and liable to weather badly. The quarries are

owned by P. J. Reed and B. P. Smith, but have not been worked ~

for three seasons.

This stone has been used for bridge abutments in Buffalo and A

on the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburg railroad,

BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES 103

I Westfield, Chautauqua co.

_ Albert Elliott’s quarry. A small quarry situated 2 miles
northeast of Westfield and + of a mile south of Lake Erie. The
top of earth 4 to 5 feet thick covers a bed of stone 8 feet thick,
with seams 2” to 3” apart. The stone is fine grained and blue
gray. Some shale is interbedded with the stone, which latter
has been used in arches for bridges and foundations. The
quarry is very small and is worked only intermittently.

Laona, Chautauqua co.

Several quarries have been opened here on a line running
northwest and southeast, which passes just north of Laona.
Five or six quarries are on this line, but the only quarry that has
been worked for some time is that of George R. Moore. This
‘quarry is 14 miles northwest of Laona. The opening is in an
open field. The bed of stone is 5 feet thick, with top of 6 to 8
feet, 2 feet of which are shale, and the balance earth. The
stone is fine grained and grayish blue. The lifts vary from
3” to 6” and are rather rough. The product is used for foun-
dations in Dunkirk and Fredonia. 500 cords of stone worth
$6 a cord at the quarry have been taken out of the quarry the
past season.

_ John Wagner’s quarry is the most southern on the belt and
is just north of Laona. It has not been worked for a few years.
It was opened 40 years ago. Some cut stone for trimmings
has been produced from this quarry.

Franklinville, Cattaraugus co.
There is a sandstone quarry here which was not visited. No
details are known.

Reorganization in the Hudson river valley

The bluestone interests in the vicinity of Rondout are now
controlled by the following firms: Hudson river bluestone com-
pany, Malden, Saugerties, Glasco, Rondout, Brodheads Bridge
and Wilbur; John Maxwell, yards at Saugerties, Glasco and -
Catskill; J. J. Sweeney & Son, Saugerties; and E. Riseley, West
Hurley.

104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The Hudson river bluestone company has absorbed the busi- —
ness of Hewitt Boice, Rondout; Julius Osterhoudt, Wilbur; J. J. ©
Sweeney, Wilbur; Rogers and Tappan, Wilbur and T. J. Dunn &
Co., Malden. This company is working its own quarries at Cold —
Brook, Mt Pleasant, Arkville and Kingston. These quarries are —
all fitted with steam derricks and drills, employ about 300 men
and operate 15 barges. Yearly value of business, $500,000.

Adams, Jesse, quarry, 100-1.
Adams, Jones &, quarry, 78-79.
Allegany county, quarries, 100.
Angelica, quarry, 100.
Arbecker Bros., quarry, 50.
Ashbury, quarries, 19.

Ashton, quarries, 61, 62.
Atwood, quarries, 37, 42-45.

Bach & Burton, quarry, 54.

Bahan, Crozier &, quarry, 81.

Barclay, Chase &, quarry, 62.

Barger, J. G., quarry, 90.

Barley, Osterhoudt &, quarry, 44.

Barnard, George, quarry, 97.

Barton, A., quarry, 64.

Barton, Howard, ‘quarry, 63.

Barton & Lyons, quarry, 63.

Bates, Wilbur J., quarry, 91-92.

Bath, quarries, 97-98.

Beagle, Arthur, quarry, 79.

Beagle, Elmer, quarry, 80.

Beagle & Mayo, quarry, 79.

Bean & Lewis, quarries, 17.

Bearsville, quarries, 59; quarries
near, 57, 58.

Beatty, J. H., quarry, 43.

Beatty, Jason, quarry, 43-44.

Beatty & Vandermark, quarry, 44.

Becker Bros., quarry, 51, 53.

Bedding, 7-9.

Beesmer, Christiana &, quarry, 64.

Beesmer, Eckert &, quarry, 63.

Beesmer & Hover, quarry, 62.

Belmont, quarries, 100.

‘Biggs, F. C., quarry, 91.

Bishop, Aaron, quarry, 63.

Black jack, 68.

Black reed, 7.

Blasting, Knox system of, 11.

Blocks, 46.

Bloom, Herbert, quarry, 17.

Bloom, Jacob, James Lane &,

» quarry, 17,

INDEX.

Bluestone, area covered by, 5; dress-
ing, 12-18; joints and bedding,
7-9; marketing, 16; microscopic
structure and quality, 6; mill
treatment, 5; quarrying, 10-12;
rent and ownership of quarries,
13-14; stripping, 9-10; term, 5;
thickness of beds, 9; three classes,
6; transportation, 14-15.

Boice, Hewitt, 35, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
58, 62, 63, 64, 65.

Bond, Frank, quarry, 69.

Bonsteil Bros., quarry, 52.

Bottomed, term, 8.

Bovee, Rightmeyer, Craft &, quarry,
Ze

Brennan Bros. & Ledwith, quarry,
24-25.

Brink & Jones, quarry, 23.

Brodhead, William R., quarry, 41.

Brodhead’s Bridge, quarries, 63;
mills at, 65.

Broome county, quarries in, 67-86.

Brower, Flowers &, quarry, 58.

Brower, Ostrander &, quarry, 61.

Brower, Philip, quarry, 60.

Brower & De Graff, quarry, 58.

Bunt, Dale &, quarry, 53.

Burke, Daniel J., quarry, 25.

Burkins & Flowers, quarry, 61.

Burns, Hart &, quarry, 33.

Burns Bros., quarry, 36.

Burt, Teetzel &, quarry, 53.

Burt, Wase &, quarry, 51.

Burton, Bach &, quarry, 54.

Burton Bros., quarry, 55.

Bush, Cornish &, quarry, 63-64.

Bush & De Boice, quarry, 43.

Byer, Plass &, quarry, B4.

Cahill, Hanrahan &, quarry, 83.
Cairns, Ralph, quarry, 70.
Cairns, William, quarry, 70.
Callahan, B, C., quarry, 36.

106 NEW YORK

Callahan, Patrick, quarry, 52-53.

Canine & Longendyke, quarry, 56.

Carle, Henry, quarry, 59.

Carle, Levi, quarry, 28—29.

Carle & York, quarries, 29-30.

Carle Bros., quarry, 31.

Carnright, Alfonso, quarry, 20-21.

Carson & Merrihew, quarry, 64.

Carty & Rourke, quarry, 22-23.

Catskill, quarries near, 17.

Catskill group, 5.

Cattaraugus county, quarries, 101,
108.

Cayuga county, quarries, 90.

Chambers, George, quarry, 65.

Charleton Co., McConnell &, quarry,
38.

Charlton, William, quarry, 37.

Chase & Barclay, quarry, 62.

Chautauqua county, quarries, 101-3.

Chemung county, quarries, 96.

Chemung group, 5.

Chenango county, quarries, 87-89.

Cheney,- Louis, quarry, 93.

Christian, O. E., quarry, 44.

Christiana & Beesmer, quarry, 64.

Clark, H. T., quarry, 96.

Clarke, F. G. bluestone co., 87-88,
89.

Clearwater, Conner
quarry, 40-41.

Clearwater, John, quarry, 41.

Clove, Doyle &, quarry, 54-55.

Cobb, Joseph S., quarry, 99-100.

Cockburn, quarries, 28-29, 31, 34.

Cockburn hill, quarries, 25; quarries
near, 27.

Cohocton, quarries, 98-99.

Cole, Abraham & Son, quarry, 55.

Cole, Charles, quarry, 53.

Comfort & Wood, quarry, 84-85.

Conklin, Sarah A., quarry, 96.

Conlon Bros., quarry, 29.

Conner, Clearwater, Hotaling
quarry, 40-41.

Connor, Hector, quarry, 44.

Connor, Jake, quarry, 29.

Connors, Flanagan &, quarry, 23-24.

Conrow & Hauyck, quarry, 77.

Conroy, T. J., quarry, 388.

& Hotaling,

&,

STATE

LS
fare oS SO

-Dale & Bunt, quarry, 53.

MUSEUM

Cook, C. E., quarry, 21.
Cook & Ransome, quarry, 50.
Cook & Schoonmaker, quarry, 21.
Corning, quarries, 97. ;
Cornish & Bush, quarry, 63-64.
Cotter, E. J., quarry, 72. :
Craft, Rightmeyer, Bovee &, quarry,
21 ;
Cronin, Eygo Bros. &, quarry, 24. ‘
Crozier & Bahan, quarry, 81.
Cuba, quarries, 100-1.
Cuddike, John, quarry, 85.
Cunningham & Schoonmaker,
quarry, 22. :
Curtis & Smith, quarry, 75
Cusick, John, quarry, 24.
Cusick & Murray, quarry, 90-91.

Daisy, quarries, 55; quarries near,
55. |

Dansville, quarry, 99.
Darrigan, Daniel, quarry, 26.
Darrigan, James, quarries, 26. - ‘
Darrigan, Mrs John, quarry, 26.
Davis, George, quarry, 69.
Davis, Green L., quarry, 42.
Davis, Stratton &, quarry, 58.
Davis Bros., quarry, 44.
De Boice, Bush &, quarry, 43.
Dederick & Frieze, quarry, 19.
Dederick Bros., quarry, 18.
De Graff, A., quarry, 40.
De Graff, Brower &, quarry, 58.
De Graff, Stoutenburgh &, quarry,
58.
De Graffe, Greene &, quarry, 62.
Delaware county, quarries in, 67-86.
Delemater & Hommell, quarry, 51. —

i on
. ee -

Deposit, quarries, 74-75, 76-785
quarries near, 77; stone buyers,
86.

Deposit stone co., 76, 86.
Depuy, James, quarry, 31.
Deverey, Owen, quarry, 19.
Devine, James, quarry, 38.

De Witt, G., quarry, 64.
Deyo & Son, quarry, 68-69.
Diamond saw, 13.

Dirig, Johnson &, quarry, 83.

INDEX TO BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES

Dolan, Stewart &, quarry, 48.
Doyle, Albert, quarry, 55.

Doyle, Myers &, quarry, 53.
Doyle, William, quarry, 31.
Doyle & Clove, quarry, 54-55.
Doyle & Co., quarry, 38.

D ressing bluestone, 12-13.
Driscoll Bros., quarry, 92.
Dudley & North, quarry, 63.
Dudrey, Van Kleek &, quarry, 63.
Dunn, Martin, quarry, 23.

Dunn, T. J., & Co., 22, 28, 66.
Dunn Bros., quarry, 39-40.
Dutch Settlement, quarries, 17;
quarries near, 82, 34.

East Branch, quarries, 74.
Eckert & Beesmer, quarry, 63.
Edge stone, 6.

Edgecomb, Gilbert, quarry, 95.
Hener, Erby &, quarry, 52.
Blliott, Albert, quarry, 103.
Elliott, H., quarry, 57.

Elliott, Robert, quarry, 42.
Elmira, quarries, 96.

nnis, Charles, quarry, 48.
Ennis & Jones, quarry, 41.
Erby & Egner, quarry, 52.

ygo Bros. & Cronin, quarry, 24.

.
J

“esg

Fawns, quarries, 47; quarries near,
© 45,
Felton, Nelson, quarry, 30.

erguson, John, quarry, 24.
Firman, David, quarry, 61.
Fish Creek, quarries, 17, 44; quar-
ries near, 23, 24, 25, 31.
Fish Eddy, quarries, 73.
Fitch & Randall, quarry, 81-82.
Flagstone, 6.
Flanagan & Connors, quarry, 23-24.
lowers, Burkins &, quarry, 61.
Flowers & Brower, quarry, 58.
Flynn, Wyman Spring &, quarry,

23.
Foley, K., quarry, 21.

ford, M. J., quarry, 82.
France, Rightmeyer &, quarry, 52.
Franklin Depot, quarries, 68-69.
Franklinville, quarry, 103.

pee

107

Freeman, Ostram &, quarry, 78.
Frieze, Dederick &, quarry, 19.

» EritZ, Peter, quarry, 72.

Fuller, W., quarry, 49.

Gad, Tom, quarry, 37.

Gaddis, J. & Son, quarry, 33.

Gage, Utis &, quarry, 94.

Gang saw, 13.

Genesee Valley bluestone co., 93.

Glasco, derrick at, 66; docks at, 66.

Glenford, quarries, 58, 60-61.

Goebel, Cornelius, quarry, 42.

Gooches, William, quarry, 41.

Goodyears, quarry, 90.

Gordon, Leander, quarry, 100.

Grant, Owen, quarry, 37-388.

Green, Charles, quarry, 382.

Greene, Wesley, quarries, 31.

Greene & De Graffe, quarry, 62.

Greene Bros., quarry, 44.

Greene county, bluestone quarries
in, 17-67.

Grey, Wallace, quarry, 61.

Griffen, Patrick, quarry, 79.

Grimsbeck, Arnold, quarry, 83.

Gross, John, quarry, 60.

Hackett, Kelly &, quarry, 28.
Hackett, Vedder &, quarry, 27.
Hackett & McCormick, quarry, 29.
Hackett Bros., quarry, 29.

Haines, Lamouree &, quarry, 49.

Haines, quarry near, 49.

Halbleib, Constance, quarry, 34.

Hale Eddy, quarries, 75, 78-79.

Hallihan hill, quarries, 34.

Hamden, quarries, 70-71.

Hamilton group, 5.

Haneoeck, quarries, 71-73, 79-84;
quarry near, 84; stone buyers at,
85-86.

Hanrahan, P., quarry, 84.

| Hanrahan & Cahill, quarry, 83.

Hart, Henry, quarry, 32.

Hart & Burns, quarry, 33.
Harvey, Con, quarry, 20.
Hasenpflug, John, quarry, 58.
Hauyck, Conrow &, quarry, 77.

108

Hawley, Christopher
Stone, quarry, 47.

Hayen, William, quarry, 24.

Hayes, Thomas, quarry, 36.

Head-offs, 7.

Headers, 7.

Heads, 7

Herkimer, Earl, quarry, 101.

Herrick, McGhee &, quarry, 57.

High bank, quarries near, 29.

High Falls, quarries rear, 17,
mills at, 66.

Highwoods, quarries, 17, 26, 27-28,
29-32, 44, 47; quarries near, 23,
24.

Himrod, quarries, 92-93.

Hobbs & Tupper, quarry, 75.

& Sylvester

19;

Holden, Oliver, quarry, 55.
Hollenbeck & Miller, quarry, 21.
Holmes, V., quarry, 98.
Hommell, Abraham, quarry, 51.

Hommell, Delemater &, quarry, 51.
Hommell, Snyder &, quarry, 51-52.
Hommell, Valk &, quarry, 49.
Hommell & Ransome, quarries, 47.
Hommell & Rightmeyer, quarry, 49.
Hommell & Snyder, quarry, 50.
Hommell Bros., quarries, 47, 50.
Hood, L., William Lane &, quarry,
ET.
Hornellsville, quarries, 99-100.
Hotaling, Clearwater, Conner
quarry, 40-41.
Hover, Beesmer &, quarry, 62.
Howard, James, quarry, 36.
Hoyt, F.. H., quarry, 92.
Hudson river, list of buyers on, 65-—
66.
Hudson river bluestone co., 23, 25,
80, 38, 40, 41, 51, 54, 55,57, 58;
59, 60, 63, 66.
Hudson River Valley, reorganization
in, 103.
Huff & Young, quarry, 52.
Hughes, Oliver, quarry, 62.
Hummel, Lawrence, quarry, 22.
Pont, 3d. quarry. Ot.
Huntington, Ellsworth, quarry, 71.
Hurley, quarries, 39-40, 41-42.
Hyatt, D. E., quarry, 61.

&,

————————————— a —s

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Ithaca, quarries, 91-92.

Jamestown, quarries, 101-2.
Jersey City, stone buyers, 86.
Jinks, W. & George, quarry, 97-98,
Jockey hill, quarries, 17, 35, 37.
Johnson & Dirig, quarry, 83.
Johnson & Piert, quarry, 61.
Joints, 7-9.

Jones, Brink &, quarry, 238.
Jones, Ennis &, quarry, 41.
Jones, John, quarry, 60.
Jones & Adams, quarry,
Jones & Co., quarry, 62.

78-719.

Kaaterskill, quarries, 45; quarrieg
near, 48.
Katrine, quarries, 34.
Kazenstein, G. W., 82, 86.
Kearney, Kdward, quarry, 82-83.
Kxeator, Resne &, quarry, 64.
Keegan, Peter, quarry, 57.
Kelley, Edward, quarry, 97.
Kelly & Hackett, quarry, 28...
Kennedy, Richard, quarry, 79-80.
Kenney, Lawrence, quarry, 28.
Kilgore’s switch, quarries near, 85.
King’s Ferry, quarries, 90. |
Kingsbury, Travis &, 75, 78, 79, 5G
86; quarry, 81.
Kingston, quarries, 28; mills at, 65.
Kinney & Lee, quarry, 75. _
Kirkpatrick Bros., 72, 77, 78, 79, 81,
82, 83, 84, 85.
Kiskatom, quarries, 18-19; quarries
near, 17.
Kittle & Co., quarry, 60.
Knox system of blasting, 11.
Kraft, Mack &, quarry, 21.
Krantz, Fred, quarry, 40.
Krell, Scheffel &, quarry, 34.
Kripple Bush, quarries, 42, 43. 4
Krom, Lockwood &, quarry, 42-438.
Krum, Wagner &, quarry, 438.

|
i
|
|

Lahert Bros., quarry, 26.
Lahey, McDonald &, quarry, 33.
Lake Hill, quarries near, 59.
Lamb Bros., quarry, 39.

INDEX TO BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES

Lamouree, Lyman, quarry, 48.

Lamouree & Haines, quarry, 49.

Lane, James, & Jacob Bloom,
quarry, 17. a

Lane, Martin, quarry, 59.

Lane, William & IL. Hood, quarry,
47.

Lane Bros., quarry, 17.

‘Lannigan, Richard, quarry, 26.

Lannigan, William, quarry, 28.

Lannigan Bros., quarry, 34.

Laona, quarry, 103.

Lapala, quarries, 17, 37, 40; quar-
ries near, 42.

Lasher, Oscar, quarry, 58.

Lasher Bros., quarry, 27.

Leahey Bros., quarry, 72-73.

Ledwith, Brennan Bros. &, quarry,
24-25. ~

Lee, Burt, quarry, 80-81.

Lee, Kinney &, quarry, 75.

Leppo. George, jr, quarry, 59.

Lewis. Bean &, quarry, 17-18.

Lifts, 7.

Lindsay, Snyder &, quarry, 53.

Linkroum, Charles, quarry, 74-75.

Livingston county, quarries, 93-94,
99.

Lockwood, T. H., quarry, 25-26.

Lockwood & Krom, quarry, 42—43.

Lomontville, quarries, 40, 41, 42.

Longendyke, Canine &, quarry, 56.

Longendyke, J. A., quarry, 32.

Lord, G. N., quarry, 78.

Lordyille, quarries, 85; stone buy-
ers, 86.

Lyons, Barton &, quarry, 63.

McAuliffe & Terwilliger, quarry,
61.
McAvoy, Patrick, quarry, 77.
McCaffery, John & Co., quarry, 35.
McCaffery, W., quarry, 35.
McCann, John, quarry, 101.
McConnell & Charleton Co., quarry,
38.
McCormick, Hackett &, quarry, 29.
McDonald, T., quarries, 35, 36.
McDonald & Lahey, quarry, 33.
McGhee, Edward, quarry, 57.

ssn

109

McGhee & Herrick, quarry, 57.

McGhee & Waste, quarry, 57.

McGuire, Chris., quarries, 34.

Mack & Kraft, quarry, 21.

Mackey hill, quarries, 17, 37, 42.

MeMullen, Frank, quarry, 40.

MeMullin, Jacob, quarry, 44.

McRieff, Mrs J., quarry, 37.

Madden, P. J., 86; quarry, 76-77.

Malden, mills at, 66.

Mann, Levi, quarry, 56-57.

Manterstuck, Whittaker &, quar-
ries, 27.

Marketing bluestone, 16.

Martin, A. I., quarry, 97.

Maxwell, James, 23, 24, 25,
29, 30,-31, 32, 33, 34, 47,
Do, 04, 55, 56, 57, 59, 66.

Maxwell, Joseph, 22.

May, James, quarry, 99.

Mayo, Beagle &, quarry, 79.

Merrihew, Carson &, quarry, 64.

Merrihew ledge, quarries, 64-65.

Merritt, J., quarry, 70-71.

Meyers, Benjamin, quarry, 31.

Miller, Abraham, & Co., quarry,
19-20.

Miller, E., quarry, 69.

Miller, Ho’lenbeck &, quarry, 21.

Miller, W. H., quarry, 41.

Mink hollow, quarry, 59.

Minko, Van Aken &, quarry, 79.

Moon, P. A., quarry, 48.

Moore, I. J., quarry, 71.

Moore, Robeit, quarry, 81,

Morey hill, quarrics, 37.

Morgan hill, quarries, 37, 39.

Mt Airy, quarry near, 22.

Mountain stone, 45.

Mower, N., quarry, 56.

Mower, Peter, quarry, 55.

Murphy, John, quarry, 36.

Murray, Cusick &, quarry, 90-91.

Murray, Jack, quarry, 57.

Myers, Harvey, quarry, 19.

Myers & Doyle, quarry, 53-54,

26, 28,
51, 52,

Nason, F. L., quoted, 6.
Nevin, James & Sons, quarry, 73.
North, Dudley &, quarry, 63.

110

North Clymer, quarries, 102-3.
Nuger, Van Hoevenburg «&, quarry,
=|
33.

O’Connor, Van Steenburg &, quarry,
22

O’Hara, Peter, quarry, 91.

Olds & Miller, quarry, 86—87.

Olean, quarries, 101.

Olive, quarries, 62.

Olivebridge, quarries, 62-65.

O’Neill, James, quarry, 39.

Oneonta, quarries, 86-87.

Oquaga Lake, quarries, 75-76.

O’Rourke, John, quarry, 21.

O’Rourke, Michael, quarry, 21-22.

O’Rourke & Stewart, quarry, 84.

Osterhoudt, Julius, 35, 41, 43, 60,
66.

Osterhoudt & Barley, quarry, 44.

Ostram & Freeman, quarry, 78.

Ostrander & Brower, quarry, 61.

Otis & Gage, quarry, 94.

Otsego co., quarries, 86-87.

Oxford, quarries, 87-89.

Palen, Ezra, quarry, 64.
Palenville, quarries, 17, 47-50.
Pease, Eugene, quarry, 100.
Pencil, 8.

Penn Yan, quarries, 92.

Piert, Johnson &, quarry, 61.
Pineville, quarries, 71.

Plaat Clove, quarries, 50—51, 53.
Plaaterskill, quarries, 45, 51.
Planer, 13.

Plass & Byer, quarry, 54.
Portage, quarries, 93-94.
Portage group, 5.

Potter, Evan, quarry, 92-93.
Pratt, W. B., quarry, 96:
Prigge, Henry, 86; quarry, 85.
Proskine, Christopher, quarry, 73.
Purcell, John, quarry, 38.

Quarrying bluestone, 10-12.
Quarryville, quarries, 17, 19-21, 44.

Rafferty, Daniel, quarry, 28.
Rafferty, Thomas, quarry, 28.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Randall, Fitch &, quarry, 81-82.

Randall Bros.; 72, 78, 81, 82, Sa, eG

Randolph Bros., quarry, 83. ba:

Ransome, Cook &, quarry, 50.

Ransome, Hommell &, quarries, 47.

Read Creek, quarries, 74.

Reed, P. J., quarry, 102.

Reeds, (7. |

Rent and ownership of bluestone
quarries, 13-14.

Resne & Keator, quarry, 64.

Rhodes, 74.

Rice & Co., quarry, 82.

Rightmeyer, Bovee & Craft, quarry,
Zale

Rightmeyer,
49.

Rightmeyer & France, quarry, 52.

Riley, James, quarry, 57.

Riley, Michael, quarry, 65.

Riley Bros., quarry, 28.

Rind, Richard, quarry, 28.

Roche, Thomas, quarry, 80.

Rock, 6, 9.

Rock Rift, quarries, 71.

Rockville, quarries, 101.

Rogers & Tappan, 60, 61, 62.

Rondout, miils, at, 65, 66.

Roosa, W. D., quarry, 44.

Rose Bros., quarry, 44.

Roseville, quarries, 40.

Rough streak, 8.

Rounds, Joseph, quarry, 101.

Rourke, Carty &, quarry, 22.

Rubbing, 13.

Ruby, dauarries, 32-34.

Russell, John, quarry, 62.

Hommell &, quarry,

Sampson, John J., quarry, 41.

Sampson, Thomas, quarry, 41.

Samsonville, quarry, 65.

Sandstones, area covered by, 4;
color, 5; dip of beds, 4; elevation
of beds, 4; auarries, 4; texture,
4—5.

Sanford, Warren, quarry, 92.

“Sap” rock, 68.

Saugerties, quarry, 25-26; docks at,
66.

Sawing, 12.

Sawkill, quarries, 35-387.

‘Sawkill creek, quarries, 34, 35.

Saxton, quarries, 19, 49.

Scarawan, quarries, 37, 42, 43.

Scheffel & Krell, quarry, 34.

Schoonmaker, Cook &, quarry, 21.

Schoonmaker, Cunningham
quarry, 22.

Schoonmaker, Egbert, quarry, 56.

Schoonmaker & Young, quarries, 51.

Schubmehl, Jacob, quarry, 99.

Schuyler county, quarry, 93.

Scott, John W., quarry, 77.

Scott, William, quarry, 26.

Scriver, J., quarry, 41.

Scully, Thomas, quarry, 84.

Scully, Thomas F., quarry, 40.

‘Searles, A., quarry, 101.

Secor, Robert, quarry, 62.

Shady, quarries, 59.

Shaefer Bros., quarry, 80.

$Shalk, John, quarry, 52.

Sheehan Bros., quarries, 34, 37.

Sheely, W., quarry, 36.

Shellman, George, quarry, 77-78.

Shellman, Riley, quarry, 76.

Shellman & Warner, quarry, 78.

Sherman Pa., quarry, 75.

Shokan, quarries, 61.

Shultis, A. E., quarry, 59.

‘Shultis, C., quarry, 59.

Shultis, Samuel, quarry, 59.

Side seams, 7.

Simmons, Frank & Lee Wolven,
quarry, 47-48.

Skehill, John, quarry, 27.

Skinner, Sydney, quarry, 74.

Slossenburg, T., quarry, 71.

Smith, B. P., quarry, 102.

Smith, Curtis &, quarry, 75.

Smith, Snow &, quarry, 43.

Smith & Yeager, 17, 18, 22; quarry,
18-19. :

Smock, J. C., tests made under
direction of, 87-88.

Snake rock quarries, 58-64.

Snow & Smith, quarry, 43.

Snyder, Fred, quarry, 54.

Snyder, Hommell &, quarry, 50.

Snyder & Hommell, quarry, 51-52.

Snyder & Lindsay, quarry, 53.

&,

_ INDEX TO BLUESTONE AND OTHER SANDSTONES

111

South Oxford, quarries, 89.

Sprague, John F., quarry, 75-76.

Spring, Wyman [Flynn &, quarry,
23.

Springfield Flats, quarries, 89.

Standard bluestone co., 86.

Steamburgh, Abraham, quarry, 53.

Steifle, Charles, quarry, 33.

Sterrett, James, quarry, 19.

Steuben county, quarries, 97-100.

Stewart, O’Rourke &, quarry, 84.

Stewart & Dolan, quarry, 48.

Stice, Jake, quarry, 33.

Stone, extract from, 11.

Stone, Sylvester & Christopher
Hawley, quarry, 47.

Stone Ridge, quarries, 43.

Stony Hollow, quarries, 17, 37.

Stoutenburgh & De Graff, quarry,
58.

Stratton & Davis, quarry, 58.

Stripping bluestone, 9-10.

Sullivan county, quarries in, 67-86.

Swartwout, G. W., quarry, 74.

Symmonds, Frank, quarry, 48.

Tappan, Rogers &, 60, 61, 62.

Teetzel & Burt, quarry, 53.

Terwilliger, McAuliffe &, quarry,
61.

Thayer, S., quarry, 92.

Tioga county, quarries, 95-96.

Tompkins county, quarries, 90-92.

Toole Bros., quarry, 40.

Tracy, William, quarry, 100.

Transportation of bluestone, 14-15.

Travis & Kingsbury, 75, 78, 79, 80,
86; quarry, 81.

Trumansburg, quarries, 90-91.

Tupper, Hobbs &, quarry, 75.

Turner Bros., quarry, 43.

Tyner, quarries, 89.

Ulster bluestone co., 18, 19, 20-21,
Zu, \ a0) 215.00, 31,. ac, oo, O4, 46,
47-48, 49, 50, 51, 56, 66.

Ulster county, elevation of beds, 4;
bluestone, 5; bluestone quarries,
17-67; condition of bluestone in-

dustry in, 67.

112

Underwood. W. G., quarry, 71-72.
Unionville, quarries near, 22-28.

Valk & Hommell, quarry, 49.

Van Aken, James, quarry, 30.

Van Aken & Minko, quarry, 79.

Van Bramer Bros., quarry, 30-31.

Vandermark, Beatty &, quarry, 44.

Van Htten, Abraham, quarry, 60.

Van Etten, John, & Son, quarry, 55.

' Van Hoevenburg & Nuger, quarry,
33-

Van Kleek, Egbert, quarry, 64-65.

Van Kleek & Dudrey, quarry, 63.

Van Steenburg & O’Connor, quarry,
Pe:

Vedder & Hackett, quarry, 27.

Vederkill, John, quarry, 32.

Veteran, quarries, 22-25,
quarries near, 22.

Vly, quarries, 37, 42, 43.

Voight, A., quarry, 96.

26-8

Wagner, John, quarry, 103.

Wagner & Krum, quarry, 48.

Walker’s Corners, quarries, 89.

Walley, F. D., quarry, 77. -

Walton, quarries, 69-70.

Warner, Shellman &, quarry, 78.

Warsaw, quarries, 94-95.

Warsaw bluestone co., quarries, 94.

Wase & Burt, quarry, 51.

Wasson, M. T., quarry, 49-50.

Waste, McGhee &, quarry, 57.

Watkins, quarry, 93.

Watson, W. F., quarry, 37.

Waverly, quarries, 95-96.

West Hurley, quarries, 17, 37-40,

— 60.

West Saugerties, quarries, 17, 50-
52; quarries near, 47.

Westfield, quarries, 103.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

:
:
4
Zimmer, Fred, quarry, 98. :

Weyman, Andrew, quarry, 76. er
Wheeler, Roy, quarry, 72. er
Whitcomb, H., quarry, 100.
White, Patrick, quarry, 82. ‘i
Whittaker, S. F. & Co., quarry, 74. 4
Whittaker & Manterstuck, we “4
Zk:
Whittaker Bros., quarry, dT.
Wilbur, mills at, 66.
Willow postoffice, quarries near, 59,
Winchell, George, quarry, 438.
Winchell Bros., quarry, 40, 42.
Winne, George, quarry, 64. ;
Winne, Howard, quarry, 50.
Wolven, Ellis, quarry, 56.
Wolven, J. H., quarry, 48-49.
Wolven, Lawrence, quarry, 55. |
Wolven, Lee & Frank Simmons, :
quarry, 47-48. !
Wolven Bros., quarry, 47.
Wood, Comfort &, quarry, 84-85.
Woodruff, James, quarry, 92.
Woodstock, quarries, 17, 45, 56-57,
58, 60; quarry near, 53.
Woodward, F. F., quarry, 98-99. |
Wyman Spring & Flynn, quarry, 23.
Wyoming county, quarries, 94-95. 4

pt ae SS

|
!
:

Yates county, quarries, 92-93.
Yeager, Ethan, quarry, 52. a
Yeager, Smith &, 17, 18, 22; quart yaa |
18-19.
Yerry, Charles, quarry, 57-58.
Yorke, Carle &, quarries, 29-30.
Young, Conrad, quarry, 32-33.
Young, George, quarry, 50-51.
Young, Huff &, quarry, 52.
Young, Schoonmaker &, quarries,
at. ’

7
fae one ee

University of the State of New York
New York State Museum

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

Sold in lots of 10 or more at 20% discount. When sale copies are
exhausted, the price for the few reserve copies is advanced to that
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Museum annual reports 1847-date. Al in print to 1892, 50¢ a

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2, 14-16, Q.
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In 1898 the paleontologic work of the State was made distinct from the geo-
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Paleontologist’s annual reports 1899-date.
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UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

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I (Z1) Marshall, W: B. Preliminary List of New York Unionidae.
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2 (Bi) Peck, C: H. Contributions to the Botany of the State of New
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3 (EG1) Smock, J: C. Building Stone in the State of New York.
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13 (3) Lintner, J. A. Some Destructive Insects of New York State;
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Catalogue of Some of the More Important Injurious and
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(Err)

43
44

45
46
47
48

49

50
51

- Eckel, E. C. Serpents of Northeastern United States

~(P6) Clarke, J: M. Report of the State Paleontologist 1901. 28op.

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Wood, Elvira. Marcellus Limestones of Lancaster, Erie Co. N. Y.

Clarke, J:M. New Agelacrinites.

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63 (P7) Clarke, J: M. Stratigraphy of Canandaigua and Naples
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Catalogue of Type Specimens of Paleozoic Fossils in the
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Ellis, Mary. Bibliography and Index of Museum Publications 1848-
1902. Jn press. |
Needham, J. G. & others. Aquatic Insects of New York. Jn press.

Museum memoirs 1889-date. Q. ;

I Beecher, C: E. & Clarke, J: M. Development of some Silurian
Brachiopoda. g6p. 8pl. Oct. 1889. Out of print.

2 Hall, James & Clarke, J: M. Paleozoic Reticulate Sponges. 35op. il.
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3 Clarke, J: M. The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia
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49th, 51st and 52d reports of the state botanist. .

5 Clarke, J: M. & Ruedemann, Rudolf. Guelph Formation and Fauna
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6 Clarke, J: M. Naples Fauna in Western New York. Jn press.
Felt, E. P. Insects affecting Park and Woodland Trees. Jn prepara-
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Natural history of New York. 3ov. il. pl.maps. Q. Albany 1842-94.
DIVISION 1 ZOOLOGY. DeKay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The New
York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptiuns of all the animals hitherto ob-
served within the State of New York with brief notices of those occasionally
fuund near its borders, and accompanied by appropriate illustrations.
5v. il. pl. maps. sq.Q. Albany 1842-44. Out of print.
Historical introduction to the series by Gov. W: H. Seward. 178p.

v.1ptl Mammalia. 13+146p. 33p]. 1842.

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v.5pt5 Mollusca. 4-+271p. 40pl. pt6 Crustacea. TOp.13pl. 1843-44.
Hand-colored plates: pt5-6 bound together.

_DIVISION 2 BOTANY. Torrey, John. Flora of the State of New York; comprising
full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hitherto dis-
covered in the State, with remarks on their economical and medical proper-
ties. 2v.il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1843. Out of print.

v.1 Flora of the State of New York. 12-+-184p. 72pl. 1843.

800 copies with hand-colored plates.

-y.2 Flora of the State of New York. 572p. 89pl. 1843.
300 copies with hand-colored-plates.

DIVISION 3 MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York; comprising
detailed descriptions of the minerals hitherto found in the State of New York,
and notices of their uses in the arts and agriculture. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany
1842. Out of print.

v. 1 ptl Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24+536p. 1842.
8 plates additional to those printed as part of the text.

DIVISION 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W: W.; Emmons, Ebenezer; Vanuxem, Lardner
& Hall, James. Geology of New York. 4v. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1842-43,
Out of print.

v.1ptl Mather, W: W. First Geological District. 37-+653p.46pl. 1843.

v.2pt2 Emmons, Ebenezer. Second Geological District. 10-+-437p.17pl. 1842.

v.3 pt3 Vanuxem, Lardner. Third Geological District. 306p. 1842.

eg Hall, James. Fourth Geological District. 22-4-683p. Map and 19pl.

43.

DIVISION 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer, Agriculture of New York; com-
prising an account of the classification, composition and distribution of the
soils and rocks and the natural waters of the different geological formations,
together with a condensed view of the meteorology and agricultural produc-
tions of the State. 5v. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1846-54. Out of print,

‘=

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

a]

v.1 Soils-of the State, their Composition and Distribution. 11-+-371p. 21pl
1846. a

v.2 Analyses of Soils, Plants, Cereals, ete. 8+4+343+46p. 42pl. 1849.
With hand-colored plates.

v.3 Fruits, etc. 8+340p. 1851.

v.4 Plates to accompany v. 3. 95pl. 1851.

Hand-colored.

v.5 Insects Injurious to Agriculture. 8-+272p. 50pl. 1854.
With hand-colored plates. -
DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Palaeontology of New York. 8vy. il.
pl. sq. Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound in cloth. : t
v.1 Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System. 23-+-338p.
99pl. 1847. Out of print. f
v.2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System.
8-+-362p. 104pl.. 1852. Out of print. pee: ‘
v.3 Organic Remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Sand-
stone. pt1, text. 124+532p. 1859. [$7.50]
—— pt2,143pl. 1861. [$2.50]
v.4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and Che-
mung Groups. 11++1-+428p. 99pl. 1867. $2.50. 7
v.5 ptl Lamellibranchiata 1. Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton
and Chemung Groups. 18+268p. 45pi. 1884. $2.50. 4
—— —— Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton,
Portage and Chemung Groups. 62+293p. 51pl. 1885. $2.50. -
—— pt2 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helderberg,
Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. 1, text. 15+4+492p,
v.2,120pl. $2.50 for 2 v. a
v.6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Hamilton
Groups. 24+298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50. a
v.7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oriskany, Upper Helderberg, Hamil-
ton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. 61+236p. 46pl. 1888. Cont.
supplement to v. 5, pt2. Pteropoda, Cephalopoda and Annelida. 42p. 18pl. ©
1888. $2.50. z
v.8ptl Introduction to the Study of the Genera of the Paleozoic Brachiopod
16+-367p. 44pl. 1892. $2.50. . :
—— pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+-394p. 84pl. 1894. $2.50. q
Museum handbooks 1893-date. 71%4x12¥% cm. >
In quantities, 1 cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as
below. |
H5 New York State Museum. 4p. il. je.
Outlines history and work of the museum; with list of staff and scientific
publications, 1893. New edition in press. :

H13 Paleontology. 8p. 2c.

Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition;
Relation to biology; Relation to stratigraphy ; History of paleontology in New
York. 3
H15 Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York.

I2z0p. cS. ~

Itineraries of 32 trips covering nearly the entire series of Paleozoic rocks
prepared specially for the use of teachers and students desiring to acqus int
themselves more intimately with the classic rocks of this State. ss a

H16 Entomology. t2p. 2¢.
H17 Economic Geology. Jn preparation.

Maps. Merrill, F: J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the Stace
of New York. 59x67 cm. 1894. Scale 14 miles to 1 inch. Out of
print. %
New edition in preparation.

Printed also with Museum bulletin 15 and the 48th museum report, v. 1.

Geologic Map of New York. 1gor. Scale 5 miles to 1 inch,
atlas form $3, mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson sheet 606.;
The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange

Dutchess, Putnam, Westchester, New York, Richmond, Kings, Queens am

Nassau counties, and parts of Sullivan, Ulster and Suffolk counties; also ne

eastern New Jersey and part of western Connecticut, = :

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OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK,

YORK STATE MUSEUM.

ERICK J. H. MERRILL,
Pireotor and State Geologist

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SHOWING THE LOCATION OF

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FREDERICK JH MERRILL. UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

OIRECTOR & STATE GEOLOGIST. STATE MUSEUM PLATE 2 BULLETIN 59

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H.T. DICKINSON
1901

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Oniversity of the State of New York

New York State Museum

The New York State Museum as at present organized is the out- —
growth of the Natural History Survey of the State commenced in 1836.
This was established at the expressed wish of the people to have some
definite and positive knowledge of the mineral resources and of the
vegetable and animal forms of the State. This wish was stated in
memorials presented to the Legislature in 1834 by the Albany Institute
and in 1835 by the American Institute of New York city and as a result
of these and other influences the Legislature of 1835 passed a resolution
requesting the secretary of state to report to that body a plan for “a com-
plete geological survey of the State, which shall furnish a scientific and
perfect account of its rocks, soils and materials and of their localities; a
‘list of its mineralogical, botanical and zoological productions and provide
for procuring and preserving specimens of the same; etc.” =

Pursuant to this request, Hon. John A. Dix, then secretary of state, .
presented to the Legislature of 1836, a report proposing a plan fora
complete geologic, botanic and zoologic survey of the State. This
_ report was adopted by the Legislature then in session and the governor ~
| was authorized to employ competent persons to carry out the plan which ~
was at once put into effect.

The scientific staff of the Natural History Survey of 1836 consisted of
John Torrey, botanist; James E. De Kay, zoologist; Lewis C. Beck,
-mineralogist; W. W. Mather, Ebenezer Emmons, Lardner Vanuxem and
Timothy A. Conrad geologists. In 1837 Professor Conrad was made
paleontologist and James Hall, who had been an assistant to Professor
Emmons, was appointed geologist to succeed Professor Mosier who
took Professor Conrad’s place.

The heads of the several departments reported annually to the
governor the results of their investigations, and these constituted the
annual octavo reports which were published from 1837 to 1841. The
final reports were published in quarto form, beginning at the close of the —

field work in 1841, and 3000 sets have been distributed, comprising four ~
> volumes of geology, one of mineralogy, two of botany, five of zoology, —
_ five of agriculture and eight of paleontology.

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