SMITHSONIAN LIBRARIES wy) & Zep 3 Eat) = ay a ONY 8G hey sate Ze le oO Lon, De sa ams Oo N a nyse) . ee Pas - a eee Rae LILSNI7 NVINOSHLINS SSIuVvVugI1, LIBRARIES INSTITUTIC ie z r z c voit > a S = a S SEN el Yy ny a = es 5 NOE > = Mee Se. ae = ic = m PON SS w m Wi m ” Pe = 7) = ae : \RI op eM ITRSONIAN IS rTO Ton HOM aa _NVINOSELINS 3 luvud = no a = te =< = Do Sj = = VL fp, = a NX 3 5 & OYA 3 = YY 2 : SG fer = - ~ S Sr en ee z LILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S31NVUGIT_LIBRARIES | “INSTITUTIC a ul ia Ww = 4 = = = _ S A cc be ee = eS 2 = 2 \RIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31I4NVUgd 6 — 5 - Sa = ga = w mA ES a tel wy oe 9 | = | aad = MY > rad oie =) = “yy oa = 2 = = i Z 0 he WILSNI_NVINOSHLINS (S3 iuyvug Piotl BRARI ES SMITHSONIAN _ aw = = iy f ‘S \ = . = bp 3 2 hid o = S| jp * 2 Gy * Z : ly > ~@ = Sis) ae = | 3 ” za ” es ae Ww * ARI ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS (Sa luYvdad a +o i @ We w o. ea, oc ef a a = = a < Oo ~ | Kee B é 2 — fe > ms > 7 LILSNITNVINOSHLINS (S31UVUEIT LIBRARIES ie 2 WHE z E *2 ~ SS WSS om, earn — Ast . a Ey \S Z qi Z pe ARI Saat) sis st oaa aii aL MEO IC le am al aE Ne iuvugd = Sai = gh, = = WY 8 2 8 WY fr ® s ie : Se z LILSNI_NVINOSHLINS _LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTIC = a j a TT Up n ‘- ul a ELI, uJ Ys a) +‘ — ae a | As) D> Cz Lyd — \\es w Sue fx L y hee Mi 2 Nez a EAM ce a Le a} eA c 3] =< { ones |e PAE: 5 I = ep 3 Sud) = Sad S rS S Ue a) ence” Nw = sf = = 2 aaa LSNI_NVINOSHLINS 2°34 1yvuag 7 tl BRARI ES_ SMITHSONIAN _ f 2] = oO wy = = es “ ~Y a 5 2 F i he 5 e b> D = 2 z : 5 : = a Z m 1ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31uYVuagIT NVINOSHLINS S3IYVUSITLIBR NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS LSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN tNSTITUTION OIENLILSNI NOLLALILSNI LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN NOILALILSNI N IES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31YVYgI7 \. a, -1ES SMITHSONIAN __INSTITUTION NOILONLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IuNYvUgIT Ww uJ ~ < = , m. ee = = 2 r - S is S = ° Ee x - i =i = a Ee: = = ae) 2 mr ie a = A = i = = = wo w a wo” Zz * zZ o z ISNI SJIYVUGIT LIBRARIES a 3 - 2 = oe g = 4 = = A fy*z RN a > i iLO 3 VE 2 S Z i = ; 2 [@) 9 lem, pa \ (2) pF 2 Gy = SY 8 i = > ‘ = > S 77) z 7) z a 1ES LIBRARIES LIBRARIES id x LSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3!1¥VuaitT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION ia INSTITUTION NOILNILILSNI INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI saiuvuagii saiuvuag [ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVvYSIT NVINOSHLINS S31YVYUEITI_LIBRAR * ” =z 2) ; s &, < = x = Gh = \ Ne : yi 2 iD 5 \ : . AS S . ie yp? 2 SX: Oo pie Te x we 2 Tp) 2 LSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3!IYVYE!IT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION " STIT Ly orn /o, ww Dy a4 rie] No? ARIES SMITHSONIAN may \RIES LILSNI LILSNI € sy oc JLILSNI ) o pa e ne “+ 26 | 95 HOR forse Published monthly by the New York State Education Department New York State Museum ‘ Joun M. Crakxe Director og Bulletin 99 4 . PALEONTOLOGY 15 en BUREAU ‘OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY. 1906 GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE ot) Seles i lg ij { Et FR FR OY. BUFFALO QUADRANGLE BY D. D. LUTHER PAGE PAGE TETHSIAICEN GIG ag Bleed ane Meee 5 Onondaga limestone......... I2. SUBCESSION OL Strata... 2... -'s 7 Marcellus beds..... stecahe Pane netes 14 iipraen: iltete per he. so dicta dk 8 Hamilton beds............0. 17 Saito DemSarh. cee. cate 8 Geneste beds. W2s tiie. outs ee 22 DER anat hae ey edlret Re eee a II Restase beds). .-< schemes ee 24 Oriskany Sanactone Horizon.% “wd Inder }, sees ee aac s wack cote ule 27 ALBANY NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT 1906 Price 20 cents M1s7m-Jes5-1500 STATE OF NEW YORK EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Regents of the University — With years when terms expire 1913 WHITELAW ReEip M.A. LL.D. Chancellor - New York 1917 St Crarn McKetway M.A. L.H.D. LL.D. D. C. L. Vice Chancellor - - - - - - - - - - Brooklyn 1908 DanigEL Beacu Ph.D. LL.D. -.- - - - - Watkins 1914 Puny T. SExton LL.B. LL.D - =. = = = Palmyra 1912 T. GuILForD SmitH M.A. C.E. LL.D. - -° - Buffalo 1907 WiLt1am NottincHaM M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - - Syracuse 1910 CHARLES A. GaRDINER Ph.D. L.H.D. LL.D. D.C.L. - - - - - New York 191s ALBERT VANDER VEER M. D. M. i Ph, D. LL. D. - Albany r91r Epwarp LauTersBacH M.A. LL.D. - - - New York - 1909 Eucgene A. Puitpin LL.B. LL.D. - - - - New York 1916 Lucian L. SHEDDEN LL.B. - - - - - - Plattsburg. Commissioner of Education ANDREW S. Draper LL.D. Agigtaen Commissioners Howarp J. Rocers M.A. LL.D. First Assistant Commissioner EpwarpD J. Goopwin Lit.D. L.H.D. Second Assistant Commissioner Aucustus 8. Downine M.A. Third Assistant Commissioner Secretary to the Commissioner Hartan H. Horner B.A Director of State Library Epwin H. ANDERSON M.A. Director of Science and State Museum > Joun M. CiarKke Ph.D. LL.D. Chiefs of Divisions Accounts, WILLIAM Mason Attendance, James D. SULLIVAN Examinations, CHARLES F. WHEELOcK B.S. LL.D. Inspections, Frank H. Woop M.A. Law, THoMas E. FInecan M.A. Records, CHarRLes E. Fitcu L.H.D. Statistics, Hiram C. Casg Visual Instruction, DELANcEY M. ELLis New York State Education Department Science Division, May 17, 1905 Hon. Andrew S. Draper Commissioner of Education My DEAR sir: I take pleasure in communicating herewith for publication as a bulletin of the State Museum a Geologic Map of the Buffalo Quadrangle, prepared on the scale of 1 mile to the inch and including the region about the city of Buffalo. In view of the zeal with which geologic science is studied in this important center of population I am convinced that the map and the accompanying explanation thereof will appeal to a large ele- ment of our people. Very respectfully yours Joun M. CLARKE Director Approved for publication May 18, 1905 Adres Commissioner of Education. New York State Education Department New York State Museum Joun M. Criarke Director Bulletin 99 PALEONTOLOGY 15 GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE BY DD EULER PREFACE The map herewith presented affords accurate data in regard to the surface rocks and succession of strata at and in the immediate neighborhood of the second city of the State in size and importance ; Over an area where the rocks yield and are eagerly exploited for natural gas, natural cement and other industrial products. Stu- dents of geology in Buffalo will find the map and its accompany- ing text a detailed guide to the rock sections of the region and to the scattered and often obscure outcrops of the formations. The Buffalo quadrangle embraces geologic formations which ex- tend from the Upper Siluric well into the Upper Devonic. The tracing of the boundaries of these formations here has been beset with special difficulties arising from the essentially level character of most of the region, the absence of creeks flowing across the strike of the beds over much of the area and the presence of an all obscuring mantle of glacial drift. The boundaries are therefore to some degree constructional, but are believed to be as nearly correct as can now be determined from data of every kind. In approaching this region from the east the Helderberg escarp- ment traversing the State as a notable topographic feature here becomes lessened and flattened out; again, the northern edge of the Appalachian plateau which enters the southern part of the 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM quadrangle from the east is less pronounced than in the central part of the State. Both of these facts have led to the obscuration of the stratigraphy of the region. The rocks of Buffalo abound in fossils often of the most inter- esting character. These have been cited here under their respec- tive formation names, but for fuller accounts of the species with analytic illustrations the student must refer to the volumes of the Palaeontology of New York. In the preparation of this map the territory has been carefully resurveyed by D. Dana Luther, field assistant on the geologist’s staff. In this work he has had the assistance of Prof. Irving P. Bishop of Buffalo, who several years ago at the solicitation of the State Paleontologist prepared a map of the quadrangle giving the boundary lines of the formations with their broader and earlier value. Much previous work has been done in the same field. Professor Bishop prepared and published in the 15th Annual Report of the State Geologist a special account with a map of the structural and economic geology of Erie county, at a date when a detailed topographic map was not available. In 1901 Prof. A. W. Grabau prepared and published a map and descriptive account of the northern part of this: region in State Museum bulletin 45, A Guide to the Geology and Paleontology of Niagara Falls and Vicinity, but it has been possible since then to trace the stratigraphic bound- "aries in much more refinement of detail. The reader may find it desirable to refer to both of these publications; the latter especially for a summary account of the fossils in the northern formations of the region. Professor Grabau has also published in the 16th Annual Report of the State Geologist and as a bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, volume 6, a full descriptive account of the formations and fossils in the rocks exposed at Eighteen Mile creek, and Professor Bishop has supplemented his original report on Erie county with more recent notes on the gas_ wells and production of the region, in the 17th and roth reports of the State Geologist. Joun M. CLARKE State Geologist GEOLOGY OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE The strata composing the surface rocks of this quadrangle as delineated on the map have an aggregate thickness of 804 feet, of which 310 feet are exposed by the difference of elevation between the lowest horizon, 570 feet above tide, where the north line of the quadrangle crosses Niagara river, and the highest land 880 feet above tide in the southeast corner near Orchatd Park; 494 feet of this thickness are brought up by the northeastern elevation of the beds which thus show the average dip to be 28 feet a mile. This dip, however, is variable as the strata roll in broad undula- tions, and it is also modified by changes in the thickness of the different formations throughout their extent. In the vicinity of Black Rock the dip is about 4o feet a mile toward the south, while in the southern part of the quadrangle it decreases to 25 feet. In a well put down by the Lackawanna Steel Co. in 1904 on the bank of Smoke’s creek in West Seneca, the bottom of the Onondaga limestone was found at the depth of 292 feet or 288 feet above tide, and that horizon appears in the quarry of the Buffalo Cement Co., 104 miles north of the well at 640 feet above tide, showing a southward dip of 352 feet or an average of nearly 34 feet a mile. SUCCESSION OF STRATA The following formations are represented on this quadrangle: ( i ( Rhinestreet black shale Portage Cashaqua gray shale | ) Middlesex black shale Neodevonic{ Senecan { ete fe est River shale | Genesee Genundewah limestone | Genesee black shale { Moscow shale | Tichenor limestone } Ludlowville shale | | Skaneateles shale { | Mesode- | Cardiff shale | -vonic | Marcellus Stafford limestone | | | ( ( Hamilton Marcellus black shale | | Ulsterian Onondaga Onondaga limestone Paleo- devonic 1 Oriskanian Oriskany Oriskany sandstone Cobleskill waterlime { Bertie waterlime o f 2) Ee Cayugan a | ) Camillus shale ( \ f [ Salina 7 8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM UPPER SILURIC Salina beds Camillus shale The lowest formation exposed within the limits of the quad- rangle is the Camillus shale, which is the surface rock over an area of 35 square miles north of Buffalo and Williamsville. It is entirely covered by drift on the American side of Niagara river excepting a small outcrop at the extreme south end of Grand island. On the Canadian side the upper beds are exposed in the low cliffs along the river from a point opposite Strawberry island almost to the International bridge. The rock at these exposures is mostly soft, light gray or olive gypseous shale; a few thin layers are harder and more blocky in structure. ; About 75 feet of Camillus shale come to the rock surface on this quadrangle but these do not represent the entire formation. Its precise thickness here is not known, but well cores show that beds of gypsum, thinner and less pure toward the bottom, occur at intervals through 150 feet or more of strata. The Vernon red shales that underlie the Camillus shale in the central part of the State have not been recognized in the deep borings about Buffalo, and if the Camillus formation is to here include all of the strata between the Guelph dolomite of the Niagaran group beneath, and the Bertie waterlime above, its average thickness as shown in Io wells is 333 feet. Gypsum and plaster have been mined in the Camillus shale in Genesee, Monroe, Ontario, Seneca, Cayuga and Onondaga counties in very large quantities but thus far no fossils have been found in these beds in the western part of the State. The little brackish water crustacean Leperditia alta occurs below the upper gypsum bed in Onondaga county. Bertie waterlime The passage from the Camillus shale to the succeeding forma- tion is a gradual one, the gypsum slowly diminishing in quantity - and the rock becoming much harder and, by the addition of alumina and carbonate of magnesia, highly dolomitic. The Bertie water- lime is usually in layers from a few inches to 2 to 3 feet thick, separ- ated by thin seams of carbonaceous matter. Though very dark when fresh the rock weathers to a light brown or buff. The proportion of calcareous matter varies considerably in the different layers, the composition of many of them being such as to make true hydraulic limestone or “cement rock.’ A bed of this ‘ GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE 9 character, 5 to 6 feet thick, at the top of the formation has been extensively quarried in Buffalo by the Buffalo Cement Co. and also at Williamsville for the production of natural cement. The cement produced at Akron, r2 miles east of the quadrangle, is also from the same stratum. At the quarry of the Buffalo Cement Co. the Bertie waterlime is 53 feet thick, as shown by the core of a well drilled in 1883, now in the museum of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. _ This rock is exposed along the west side of Niagara river, between the International bridge and the stone church; in the bed of Scaja- quada creek in Forest Lawn cemetery; very abundantly in the Buffalo Cement Co.’s quarries and at Williamsville, on this quad- rangle; also at Falkirk, Indian Falls, Morganville, North Leroy, Garbuttsville, Honeoye Falls, East Victor, Phelps and other places to the east of this quadrangle; and toward the west at Bertie Ont.,. whence the name of the formation is derived. This formation is characterized by an abundant and peculiar crustacean fauna; in fact it has long been famous for its strange lobsterlike fossils belonging to the extinct ordcrs, Eurypterida and Phyllocarida and the cement quarries of Buffalo have proved veritable treasure chambers of these odd creatures. The following species have been observed in the vicinity of Buffalo. Micwostracod ne pie wai tian sid lands | jones, occurs abundantly in the lower part of the formation as exposed along Scajaquada creek in Forest Lawn cemetery. The cement layer has furnished the following species of fossils: Ceratiocaris acuminata Hall (Cerati- E. scorpionis Grote & Putt ocaris grandis Pohlman) Pterygotus acuticaudatus Pohlman Eurypterus lacustris Hall P. bilobus Huxley & Salter E. remipes De Kay P. buffaloensis Pohlman E. giganteus Pohlman P. cummingsi Pohlman E. pustulosus Hall P. macrophthalmus Hall E. robustus Hall P. quadraticaudatus Pohlman _E. pachychirus Hall P. globicaudatus Pohlman E. dekayi Hall P. cobbi Hall Dolichopterus macrochirus Hall Leperditia scalaris Jones Eusarcus grandis Grote & Pitt Besides these crustaceans some brachiopods belonging to the genera Orbiculoidea and Lingula and some seaweeds have been found; among these Bythotrephis lesquereuxi Grote and Pitt. Cobleskill waterlime The bed which overlies the Bertie waterlime has lately been properly correlated by Hartnagel! with the Cobleskill limestone (formerly Coralline limestone) of eastern New York. Previously it State Paleontol. An. Rep’t rg02. N. Y. State Mus, Bul.69. 1903. IO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM — was referred by Bishop to the ‘‘Onondaga limestone”’ (in distinction’ from the Corniferous limestone, which in this paper is termed Onondaga limestone) and to the Manlius limestone by Clarke’ and: Grabau.? The Cobleskill waterlime immediately overlies the cement layer,’ the transition being gradual through 2 or 3 feet of strata, above which the rock is a dark subcrystalline dolomitic limestone in uneven layers, usually but a few inches thick, separated by thin. seams of carbonaceous matter. It sometimes has a brecciated appearance and after exposure is usually more or less porous, owing to the dissolving out of calcite crystals and of a small coral Cyathophyllum hydraulicum, ‘which is very com- mon throughout and specially so in the upper part. Though very: dark colored when fresh, the rock becomes buff or light brown when exposed and it is locally known to quarrymen as “‘bullhead”’ or ““pumpkin head.” The formation is 7 to.9 feet in thickness on this quadrangle, the variation being due to erosion of the upper surface and not to’ irregularity of deposition which the evenness of the bedding planes shows to have taken place in quiet waters. At Falkirk, Erie co. this formation attains a thickness ci 14 feet, but it becomes thinner again toward the east as far as Livings ton county; then it increases slowly to 10 feet in Herkimer county, again diminishing to 6 to 8 feet in the Hudson valley. The rock is fairly fossiliferous, the most abundant form being the small coral “Cyathophylltm hydra wii m) simpson Besides this are found in Erie county: Nematophytum crassum Penhallow W. nucleolata Hall var. Favosites sp. W. cf. laevis Whitfield Orthothetes interstriatus Hall (=O. Rhynchonella sp. hydraulicus Whitfield) Loxonema? Spirifer eriensis Grabau Pleurotomaria? Whitfieldella sulcata Vanuxem Trochoceras gebhardi Hall There are good exposures of this formation on Scajaquada creek in Forest Lawn cemetery; in the Buffalo Cement Co.’s quarries; in Miller’s quarry and at Williamsville on this quadrangle, and at Akron, Falkirk, Indian Falls, Morganville, North Leroy, East Victor, Union Springs, DeWitt, Cobleskill, Rondout and many other places in the central and eastern parts of the State. 1N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 3. 1900. 2Geol. Soc. Am. Bul. 1900. y. rr. GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE II DEVONIC The division line between the great Siluric and Devonic systems is well marked here on account of the entire absence of Helder- bergian limestones, which in the eastern part of the State repre- sent the earlier stages of Devonic deposition. Its peculiarities in this area have been fully noted by Clarke,! Grabau,? and Hartnagel® and are briefly stated below. Oriskany sandstone horizon The Cobleskill waterlime is the highest Siluric formation repre- sented on the Buffalo quadrangle. The Paleodevonic strata rest unconformably on it, the Rondout waterlime and the Manlius lime- stone not extending into the western part of the State. The sur- face of the Cobleskill gives unmistakable evidence of having suf- fered considerable erosion in the long period during. which those formations were being deposited. The most important facts indi- cating this interval of erosion are the following: In the Buffalo Cement Co.’s quarries well defined channels and irregular depressions make the surface of the stratum exceedingly rough and hummocky and its line of contact with the superjacent formation as seen in the quarry walls very uneven. In the bottom of some of these depressions there appear thin masses of dark shale and a conglomerate composed principally of small waterworn fragments of waterlime in a matrix of indurated quartz sand. Because of the extremely slender representation of this formation it is not introduced on the map. In the quarry wall there are two fissures that extend from the top of the Cobleskill to the bottom of the cement layer. They have been filled with this quartz sand and are covered by a few inches of the conglomerate. This filling of the fissures has been con- sidered as Oriskany sediment by Clarke’, and the erosion interval as comprising the Helderbergian and part of Oriskanian ages. At Falkirk, Erie co., and Indian Falls, Genesee co., the char- acter of the deposits in the horizon of this erosion interval is still similar to those on this quadrangle, but farther east the broad lentils of characteristic Oriskany sandstone appear in it. At Morganville the sandstone is 4 feet thick; in the salt shaft at Livonia, 4 feet, 6 inches; at Honeoye Falls, 1 foot, 2 inches; at North Leroy and Victor only the conglomerate is present; at Tiyvictsamarieals = ago pees = = = 2Geol. Soc. Am. Bul. 1900. v.ii. .357--61. 3State Paleontol. An, Rep’t 1902. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 69. 1003. p.1138. 2) NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Phelps, 4 feet, 2 inches of sandstone. In the central and eastern part of the State this formation is an interrupted deposit having at¥some exposures the character of an arenaceous limestone 1 to 3 feet thick while at Union Springs, Onondaga Valley, Oriskany Falls and other localities it is a friable, light colored and rather coarse sandstone containing an abundance of fossils. It attains a thickness of more than 20 feet in a lentil in the northeast corner of the town of Skaneateles, Onondaga co.' Onondaga limestone This important deposit is a compact, dark bluish gray lime- stone bedded in layers from 3 inches to 2 feet thick and carrying interbedded nodules and nodular layers of chert. The limestone contains a large amount of carbonaceous matter, which appears in the shaly partings and on the surface of the layers discoloring and giving them a. black appearance. This carbonaceous admixture is removed by slow decomposition on exposure and the rock then assumes a very light bluish gray color. The chert, asa rule, is nearly black and slightly translucent, but sometimes lighter colored and bluish. It is very unevenly dis- tributed in the beds; in some it largely predominates and in others it is entirely absent. It forms nodular layers which are frequently continuous for long distances. Outcrops of these and boulders of the cherty limestone that have been long exposed present a peculiarly ragged and scraggly appearance, owing to the superior resistance to decomposing agencies that the chert possesses over the limestone. At some outcrops a very small portion of the formation is shaly, . but all of the remainder wherever the amount of chert is not too large, is somewhat compact and durable and exceedingly valuable as building stone and for the production of quicklime. At the base of the formation, filling the depressions in the Coble- skill waterlime and varying greatly in thickness, there occurs a stratum of limestone almost entirely free of chert, and embracing lenses of considerable extent wholly composed of corals. The latter stratum is but 5 inches thick in the bed of Scaja- quada creek at the Main street bridge; 7 feet in an old quarry in Forest Lawn cemetery; 5 feet, 6 inches in the park quarry; 5 feet in the southern part of the Buffalo Cement Co.’s quarry and less than 2 feet in the northern. It is a veritable coral reef, 35: feet —— 1These lentils of sandstone in the strike of the Oriskany formation have been described by Clarke. Amer. Ass’n: Ady. Sci. Proc. 1900; Science, Dec. 28, 1r900. 5 GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE 13 thick in Fogelsonger’s quarry at Williamsville and in Quinn’s quarry 2 miles farther east, but decreases rapidly to 3 feet a short distance beyond. The bed is recognizable continuously toward the east along the Helderberg escarpment to Albany county, vary- ing in thickness but maintaining the same general character, and is quarried all along this line of outcrop, furnishing a large amount of building and dimension stone of fine quality. The succeeding beds, which contain a large proportion of chert, are also quarried extensively, furnishing excellent material for road making and concrete. Some layers in the upper beds are again almost free from chert at certain localities. The lower Onondaga limestone beds are well exposed on the west side of Niagara river at Black Rock and slightly on its east side; also in Forest Lawn cemetery; also extensively in the Buffalo Cement Co.’s quarries and thence northeastward to Fogelsonger’s quarry and Williamsville. Larger exposures of the middle and upper part of the formation may be seen in quarries in the region extending on both sides of Fillmore avenue from Leroy avenue to Delevan and from Leroy avenue to Worcester place and along Delevan avenue to Dutton; also in Cutter & Bailey’s quarry at the intersection of Bailey avenue and the New York Central Rail- road. Beyond the limits of this quadrangle extensive exposures em- bracing the entire section of this formation are found in the vicinity of Leroy, Genesee co.; Phelps, Ontario co.; Union Springs, Cayuga co. Marcellus, Onondaga Valley, Jamesville and Manlius, Onon- daga co. and at other localities still farther east in the State. The average thickness of the Onondaga limestone in 12 wells in this vicinity according to driller’s records is 168 feet. In the carefully kept record of the Lackawanna Steel Co.’s well on Smoke’s creek 1904, it is given as 162 feet. It is somewhat less in the eastern part of the quadrangle. At the Livonia salt shaft in Liv- ingston county it is 136 feet; in the deep well at Ithaca, 78 feet; in Onondaga county, 65 feet; at Clarksville, Albany co., 85 feet and at Countryman hill, roo feet. This formation is exceedingly rich in remains of animal life but it is frequently quite difficult to obtain good specimens. There have been found in it 3 species of fish; 39 of crustaceans, mostly trilobites; 13 of cephalopods; 3 of pteropods; 38 of gastropods; 15 of lamellibranchs; 48 of brachiopods; many bryozoans and corals and a few crinoids. Some of the more common fossils are: the trilobites Odontocephalus:-selenurus and Pha- I4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Cops cristata var pipa; the cephalopods Cy etor ceras undulatum and Gyroceras t11v 0 lwewaac the brachiopods; Aitry pa) retacullamas) | Lye pt come thomboidalis, Stropheodontay coaca valence image quistriata, Spiriter sa cmmdn a pase randeeom divaricatus and others. Marcellus beds Marcellus black shale The term Marcellus shale has been generally applied in New York geology to the series of black and dark blue shales which lie immediately on the Onondaga limestone and at the top pass gradu- ally into the lighter colored Hamilton shales. At Marcellus, Onon- daga co., from which place the name is derived, only the lower layers are well exposed and observations in that region and in the western part of the State indicate the desirability of restricting the term to the lower shales, exposed at the type ley thereby obtaining a more exact basis for correlation. From Ontario county westward the thin Marcellus black shale ‘is delimited upward by the Stafford limestone. The rock is a densely black and highly bituminous slaty shale with a few thin calcareous layers and rows of spherical concretions. Neither the lower nor upper contacts with the limestones are exposed on this quadrangle, and the shales nowhere come to the surface. The thickness of the formation can therefore only be estimated or obtained from well records. The beds are 41 feet thick in the Livonia salt shaft and con- tain a 5 foot stratum of soft limestone, 27 feet below the top. The most western exposure of the Marcellus shale is in the bed of Piumbottom creek at Lancaster, 6 miles east of the east line of this quadrangle. A layer of limestone 1 foot thick forming there the bottom of the outcrop and separated by 18 to 20 feet of black shale from the Stafford limestone probably represents the five foot stratum of the Livonia salt shaft. Since the contact with the Onondaga limestone is not exposed at this locality it fails to fur- nish information on the entire thickness of the Marcellus shale, This has been obtained in the well on Smoke’s creek, previously mentioned, where a total thickness of 55 feet has been measured. The fauna of the black shales is small and fossils are rare except ‘ iN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 63, p. 14. \ GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE 15 at the base of the formation. The limestones are,on the contrary, highly fossiliferous and often entirely composed of shells. The fauna of the Marcellus shales and limestones of Lancaster has been thoroughly studied by Wood,' who records as the most common forms. of the shale Styliolina fissurella Hall Chonetes mucronatus Hall, Strophalosia Mati@ne aia alk ~Pterochaenia tragilis® Hall and Liorhynchus limitare Vanuxem. The lowest shale exposed proved to contain abundant ostracod valves, belonging to the species Isochilina (?) fabacea Jones and Pato tiopsis pumetrualifera Hall. Stafford limestone On Flint creek in the town of Phelps, Ontario co., the Marcellus shales are capped by a 4 inch layer of dark chocolate limestone which is very hard when fresh but breaks easily into angular fragments after exposure. Itis not known farther east but increases westward from 2 feet or moreat the Livonia salt shaft to nearly 4 feet at Stafford, where it is well exposed and whence the name is derived, and to 8 feet, 4 inches at Lancaster, Erie co. The record of the Smoke’s creek well makes it even 15 feet thick at that point. There are no exposures of the entire formation on this quadrangle but the upper layers outcrop to the thickness of nearly 6 feet in the bed of Buffalo creek opposite the end of the Winchester road, 2 mile east of South Buffalo and 14 miles south of the junction with Cayuga creek, at which latter point there is a small exposure of Onondaga limestone. The Stafford limestone is here a compact bluish gray limestone, mostly in thick layers and bearing a strong resemblance to the Onondaga limestone by the admixture in considerable proportion of dark chert in nodules and nodular layers. It has been found in excavations at several places southwest from this exposure but nowhere comes to the surface and its precise position on the lake shore is not known, the bed being completely buried under heavy drift cover. Besides the exposures previously mentioned it appears in the east bank of the Oatka river at Leroy and along the outlet of Conesus lake at Littleville near Avon. Fossils are abundant in the Stafford limestone at Lancaster, specially in the upper part and some layers are entirely made up of IN, Y. State Mus. Bul. 49. TQOT, Pp. 139-81. 16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM shells of Strophalosia truncata and Ambocoelia nana. Miss Wood records a total of 72 species. The more common and characteristic of these are: Ambocoelia nana Grabau Spirifer (Martinia) subumbonus Hall Chonetes mucronatus Hall Cypricardinia indenta (Conrad) C. scitulus Hall » Orthoceras exile Hall Liorhynchus limitare (Vanuxem) QO. marcellense Vanuxem Strophalosia truncata (Hall) Phacops rana (Green) Meristella barrisi Hall Primitiopsis punctulifera Hall Cardiff shale The upper beds usually included in the old term Marcellus, and designated by Vanuxem the ‘‘Upper shales of Marcellus” are abundantly exposed about the village of Cardiff, Onondaga co., and recently have been named from that locality. This division consists of a series of dark calcareous and black slaty shales with thin layers of fossiliferous limestone. Rows of spheric concretions occur in the lower part at some localities. The fossil contents are not essentially different from those below the Stafford limestone, but the shales are more calcareous and weather, specially in the upper beds, to an ashen gray. The beds immediately above the Stafford limestone are not exposed on this quadrangle but an exposure beginning near the New York Central Railroad bridge over Buffalo creek, + mile west of the outcrop of Stafford lmestone previously mentioned and not more than 15 feet above it, extends along the bed of the stream to Gardenville and the east line of the quadrangle. The lower shales outcrop on Cazenovia creek at the park just above Cazenovia street, and the upper beds at the covered bridge, nearly 2 miles farther up the creek. At West Seneca outcrops occur in the line of Smoke’s creek between White’s Corners and the western New York and Penn- sylvania Railroad and at the north end of the low cliff on the lake shore at Bay View. The more important exposures of the Cardiff shales toward the east are along Plumbottom creek at Lancaster; along Oatka river at Leroy; Conesus outlet at Littleville near Avon; Flint creek near Orleans, Ontario co. and inthe vicinity of Marcellus and Cardiff in Onondaga county. The thickness of the Cardiff shales on this quadrangle is estimated to be 45 feet. In Ontario county it is 100 feet and at Cardiff, Onondaga co. 175 feet. 1N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 63. 10903. p. 16. GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE 17 In the exposure of the lower and more calcareous beds of the Cardiff shales, immediately overlying the Stafford limestone at Lancaster the following species of fossils were found by Wood: Ceratopora dichotoma Grabau Meristella barrisi Hall Chonetes lepidus Hall Pterochaenia fragilis (Hall) Liorhynchus limitare (Vanuxem) Styliolina fissurella (Hall) Atrypa reticularis (Linné) Orthoceras aegea Hall Ambocoelia umbonata (Conrad) Phacops rana (Green) Locnocervas wmianeulane and Orbuiewlotdea minwuta arecommon fossils in this horizon in Livingston and Ontario counties. Hamilton beds Skaneateles shale This term was applied by Vanuxem to the beds immediately overlying the upper Marcellus (Cardiff) shale and exposed on both sides of the north end of Skaneateles lake. It subsequently fell into disuse when the term Hamilton group, employed by Vanuxem for certain beds of shales at West Hamilton, Madison co. had been extended to all the formations lying between the Onondaga and Tully limestones. When recently the State survey found itself compelled to adopt more exact and refined classification of the strata than that hitherto in use, the term Skaneateles shale was reapplied in its original meaning and scope. The Skaneateles shale is the lowest division of the Hamilton beds. At the base the shales are hard, dark bluish or black and cal- careous, passing into somewhat lighter and softer beds above, and containing several rows of small concretions. On the lake shore south of Bay View. the division is 4o feet thick. It increases toward the east and has a thickness of 125 feet in Ontario county and of 335 feet in the Onondaga valley in Onondaga county. The entire section of the Skaneateles shale is exposed in the cliff along the lake shore between the Bay View and Athol roads and along the south branch of Smoke’s creek, 1 mile east of Blasdell, The Skaneateles shale also outcrops along the north branch of Smoke’s creek 4 mile west of Reserve and along Cazenovia creek 4 mile east of Reserve. At Blossom, 3 miles beyond the eastern boundary of this quad- rangle, a bed of hard limestone 4 feet thick at or near the base of the Skaneateles shale contains many cyathophylloid corals and other fossils. The bed becomes softer toward the west and the corals disappear. It is a shaly limestone where it outcrops on the 18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM south branch of Smoke’s creek a mile below Windom, and a 2 foot band of calcareous shale in the cliff at Bay View. Outside of this quadrangle the Skaneateles shale is exposed in _ the bed of Mud creek below Wheeler in Ontario county; in Great gully, 3 miles south of Union Springs, Cayuga county, and in the Bear mountain ravine near Tully valley in Onondaga county. Fossils are rare except in the lower calcareous shale. The fol- lowing is a list of fossils reported as obtained from these shales by A. W. Grabau: Phacops rana (Green) Chonetes mucronatus Hall yphaeus boothi (Green) C. setigerus Hall Primitiopsis punctilifera (Hall) C. scitulus Hall Orthoceras sp. C. lepidus Hall Tentaculites gracilistriatus Hall Productella spinulicosta Hall Styliolina fissurella (Hall) Strophalosia truncata Hall Euomphalus (Phanerotinus) laxus Spirifer mucronatus (Conrad) Hall Ambocoelia umbonata (Conrad) Bellerophon leda Hall Liorhynchus limitare (Vanuxem) Pterochaenia fragilis (Hall) Tropidoleptus carinatus (Conrad) Nuculites triqueter Conrad Crinoid stems Orthothetes arctostriatus Hall Ludlowvtlle shale This formation embraces that part of the rock section extending from the base of a 6 inch layer of soft limestone capping the Skan- eateles shale and containing Strophalosia truncata abundantly, to the Tichenor limestone. The term applied to this member of the series is one of the earliest in the New York nomen- clature and the occasion of its revival is explained in Museum bulletin 63, p. 17-20, 1904. The shale is mostly fine, soft and evenly bedded, light to dark bluish gray in color and but slightly calcareous. In the lower part there are several thin. layers of limestone and calcareous concre- tions are common. Next above the Strophalosia bed above men- tioned, a stratum of concretionary limestone contains Nautilus magister; another, to feet higher and 3 feet thick, contains many trilobites; anda thinner one, 8 feet below the top of the formation, contains Athyris spiriferoides in large numbers. The calcareous layers at some outcrops consist merely of rows of broad flat concretions and their number and relative positions vary greatly in different exposures; one or another may disappear entirely and a new one come in at a higher or lower horizon. : This formation is 60 feet thick in the southwestern corner of this region and increases toward the east at an average rate of about 1 foot a mile to Ontario county, where it is 125 feet thick. Farther ‘ GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE 19 east it increases more rapidly and attains a thickness of 350 feet in the Tully valley in Onondaga county. The extreme western exposure of the Ludlowville shale in New York is at the base of the south shore cliffs, which extend for 14 miles southwest from the mouth of Eighteen Mile creek, 54 miles beyond the south line of this quadrangle. The lower beds in the cliffs at Idlewild and nearly all of those exposed in Wanakah cliff belong to the Ludlowville shale. On this quadrangle good exposures may be seen along Avery’s creek where the limestones at the base of the formation produce a small cascade just above the lake shore highway bridge; along Rush creek, near Wosgwah station of the Hamburg Electric Railroad; along the south branch of Smoke’s creek near Windom; along its east branch, 1 mile southwest from Reserve and along Cazenovia creek, 1 mile east from Reserve. There are further large exposures of these beds at several locali- ties east of this quadrangle, some of the best being in Ontario county on Shaffer’s creek and in the lower part of the ravines on both sides of Canandaigua lake north of Menteth point; on the shore of Cayuga lake between Aurora and King’s Ferry from 10 to 16 miles north of Ludlowville; and in Onondaga county, in the Bear mountain and Fellows falls ravines; in the Tully valley and at Pratt’s falls in Pompey. The Ludlowville shales abound in fossils most everywhere. Dr Grabau’s list of those obtained from this horizon in the vicinity of Eighteen Mile creek names 120 species, embracing 6 crustaceans, 4 cephalopods, 4 pteropods, 29 lamellibranchs, 50 brachiopods, 1 crinoid, 8 bryozoans and 7 anthozoans. Some of the more prominent or abundant forms are: .Phacops rana (Green) Crypheus boothi Green Nautilus magister Hall Orthoceras nuntium Hall Tentaculites gracilistriatus Hall Styliolina fissurella (Hall) Platyceras attenuatum Hall Diaphorostoma lineatum (Hall) Pterinea flabellum (Conrad) Actinopteria decussata Hall Modiomorpha subalata (Conrad) Paleoncilo tenuistriata Hall Cypricardinai indenta Conrad Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad) Leptostrophia perplana (Conrad) Rhipidomella vanuxemi H~? Orthothetes arctostriatus Hall Chonetes lepidus Hall Chonetes scitulus Hall Spirifer mucronatus (Conrad) Sp. granulosus (Conrad) Sp. subumbonatus Hall Sp. fimbriatus (Conrad) Ambocoelia umbonata (Conrad) Athyris spiriferoides (Eaton) trypa aspera (Dalman) Camarotoechia dotis Hall Liorhynchus multicostum Hall Tropidoleptus carinatus (Conrad) Stictopora incisurata Hall Pleurodictyum stylopora (Eaton) Streptelasma rectum Hall 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Tichenor limestone This name is applied to a stratum of crinoidal limestone 14 to 2 feet thick that is persistent toward the east for more than a hundred miles, maintaining the same general character and varying but slightly in thickness. It has been commonly known as the Encrinal limestone, a name applied to it by Hall in 1839. Since the latter term, in the Genesee valley and Canandaigua lake sections, has been applied by others to limestone layers of similar character but occurring at distinctly different horizons, confusion had arisen and a more distinctive appellation for this stratum become impera- tive. It has therefore been designated Tichenor limestone! from its typical exposure in the ravine at Tichenor Point on Canandaigua lake and along the shore toward the south. It is usually a single compact layer, hard and durable, but at some outcrops the upper or lower part is somewhat shaly, and in the cliff on Smoke’s creek near Windom it is separated in two layers, the lower one 15 inches and the upper 9 inches thick. This stratum emerges from the waters of Lake Erie near the mouth of Pike creek, 54 miles southwest from the southern limit of this quadrangle on the lake shore, and forms a conspicuous band in the stratigraphy of the south shore at Idlewild and Wanakah cliffs. At Hamburg-on-the-lake it passes half a mile, and at Athol Springs 200 yards east of the railroad; at Big Tree it is exposed at 640 feet above tide in the railroad cutting near Rush creek and on the banks of the stream near the farmhouse above. At Windom it appears at 680 feet above tide in the banks of Smoke’s creek for some distance near the station and crosses the bed of the stream + mile further up. It is also exposed on the east branch of Smoke’s creek, 1 mile southwest from Reserve at the top of a cascade 30 feet high, south- east of Reserve along a small brook that empties into Cazenovia creek. | The Tichenor limestone carries an abundant fauna. Dr Grabau’s list contains the names of 60 species occurring in this region, of which the following are the more abundant or striking forms: Phacops rana (Green) S. mucronotus Hall Diaphorostoma lineatum (Hall) Vitulina pustulosa Hall Modiomorpha concentrica (Conrad) Centronella impressa Hall Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall Cryptonella planirostra Hall R. penelope Hall Tropidoleptus carinatus (Conrad) Spirifer granulosus (Conrad) Favosites hamiltoniae Hall IN. Y. State Mus. Handbook 19. 1903. DP. 22. GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE 21 Moscow shale This formation rests on the Tichenor limestone and consists of soft, light bluish gray shales that are usually somewhat calcareous and embrace several courses of concretions. The latter become at some exposures continuous concretionary layers crowded with fossils. In the central part of the State, from Ontario to Chenango counties, the Moscow shale is separated from the black Genesee shale above by the Tully limestone. But both the Genesee shale and the Tully limestone fail to extend to this quadrangle as distinct formations. On Canandaigua lake and westward as far as this quadrangle the Tully horizon is marked only by thin lentils of iron pyrites and the Genesee black shale though go feet thick in Ontario county thins out toward the west to so great an extent that it barely reaches the eastern part of this quadrangle, being there but a few inches thick. As a lithologic unit it is absent in the exposures on Smoke’s creek and Rush creek and along the lake shore, for no black shales appear between the top of the Moscow shale and the Genundewah limestone. Genesee fossils, however, are found a few inches below the Genundewah limestone in beds of light colored shale and soft limestone, that contain also a small number of Tully and Hamilton species. Including the 12 to 15 inches of transitional beds at the top just mentioned, the Moscow shales are 17 feet thick at Eighteen Mile creek. Increasing rapidly toward the north and east they measure 52 feet on the south branch of Smoke’s creek at Windom, where the entire formation is favorably exposed between the two crossings of the electric railroad over the stream. There are also some slight exposures above the Tichenor limestone along the railroad and Rush creek near Big Tree. The Moscow shales are everywhere exceedingly rich in fossils, but the specimens are, as a rule, not so well preserved as in the Ludlowville shale, and there is little difference between the faunas of the Moscow and Ludlowville shales. Dr Grabau reports 51 species from the latter in the Eighteen Mile creek region and the following are the common forms: Phacops rana (Green) : C. mucronatus Hall Tentaculites gracilistriatus Hall Leptostrophia perplana (Conrad) Palaeoneilo tenuistriata Hall Ambocoelia umbonata (Conrad) Pholidops hamiltoniae Hall Atrypa reticularis (Linné) Spirifer tullius Hall A. aspera (Dalman) S. consobrinus d’Orbigny Streptelasma rectum Hall Chonetes deflectus Hall Cystiphyllum{conifollis Hall 22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Tully horizon No exposures of the thin lentils of iron pyrites that occur fre- quently at this horizon from Canandaigua westward to Erie county are found on this quadrangle, but a few species characteristic of the Tully limestone occur in the upper layers of the Moscow shale. Genesee beds Genesee black shale As noted before the Genesee black shale is absent here with the possible exception of a few inches of black shale near the eastern border; on the south shore cliffs at North Evans, however, it is again represented by 1 foot of characteristic shale. Genundewah limestone The Genundewah limestone is a member of the Genesee shale series in west central and western New York. While the Genesee black shale disappears toward the west from the Genesee river, this limestone intercalation persists to the shore of Lake Erie. It is an irregular stratum of concretionary limestone 1 to 2 feet thick, extending across the quadrangle and finely exposed on the south branch of Smoke’s creek on the south side of the upper railroad bridge at Windom. It continues beyond the quadrangle toward the southwest to a mile south of the mouth of Pike creek where it dips under the water of the lake and toward the east to the vicinity of Seneca lake, having its highest development at Genundewah point on Canandaigua lake. Other good exposures besides those at Genundewah point and the ravines toward the north, may be found in the ravine at Bristol Centre andin Mill gull on Honeoye lake in Ontario county; at Eagle point on Conesus lake; on the Genesee river at Mt Morris, Living- ston co.; in a small ravine 2 miles north of Wyoming, Wyoming co. and at Griswold station, 6 miles west of Attica. In the Genesee valley and Canandaigua lake sections the forma- tion has a thickness of 6 to 8 feet and is composed of several thin nodular or compact limestones separated by black shales. The Genundewah limestone is in many places composed almost entirely of the shells of the minute pteropod Styliolina fissurella, and from that fact has been also designated the Styliola limestone. But this peculiar pteropod ooze has also furnished an exceedingly interesting fauna of other forms. Gonia- ‘ GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE 23 tites, lamellibranchs and gastropods appeared in great numbers and in species characteristic of the later Naples fauna. Dr Clarke has for this reason designated the fauna of the Genundewah lime-_ stone as a prenuncial faurla.1 Among the most interesting mem- bers of this fauna are the following: Dinichthys newberryi Clarke Bellerophon koeneni Clarke Spathiocaris emersoni Clarke B. denckmanni Clarke Tentaculites gracilistriatus Hall Macrochilina pygmaea Clarke Protospirialis minutissima Clarke M. seneca Clarke Manticoceras pattersoni var. stylio- Lunulicardium hemicardioides philum Clarke Clarke M. contractum Clarke L. encrinitum Clarke M. fasciculatum Clarke Honeoyea styliophila Clarke M. nodiferum Clarke Pterochaenia fragilis Hall Gephyroceras genundewa Clarke P. sinuosa Clarke Tornoceras uniangulare (Conrad) Buchiola? livoniae Clarke Loxonema noe Clarke B. scabrosa Clarke Pleurotomaria genundewa Clarke Paracardium doris Hall Protocalyptraea styliophila Clarke P. delicatulum Clarke Phragmostoma natator Hall Melocrinus clarkii (Hall) Williams P. incisum Clarke Aulopora annectens Clarke West river shale Professor Hall separated the Genesee slate in order to indicate its bituminous character by a distinctname. Subsequently the for- mation here described as West River shale was incorporated into the Genesee shale as upper Genesee shale, but the different litholo- gic characters of the two, the absence of the bituminous character in the upper shales and the intercalation of a distinct limestone between the two have demonstrated the necessity of subdivision and of separate designations. The term West River shale has been proposed for these lighter shales, overlying the Genundewah lime- stone [see N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 63. 1904. p. 59]. This formation consists mainly of fine dark gray or bluish black shales, thinly laminated and highly fissile. They are slightly cal- careous and become lighter colored on exposure. Layers of bitu- minous black shale and thin limestone occur in the lower part. Concretions and the septaria known as ‘‘turtle stones”? are com- mon in these beds farther east and also thin sandy flags occur, though rarely. The West River shale is 12 feet thick, where exposed on the -south branch of Smoke’s creek above the upper railroad bridge at Windom. 1State Geol. An. Rep’t 1896. 1899. p. 38; N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 6. 1904. p. 203. 24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM It is 65 feet thick at the mouth of the Genesee river gorge at Mt Morris and go feet in Ontario county. There are large exposures of these beds at Mt Morris, on the shores of Conesus and Honeoye lakes, in the Bristol valley, at the head of Canandaigua lake and in the West River valley in Yates county. Pterochaenia fragilis is abundant in thin layers of this shale at the exposure on Smoke’s creek south of Windom. Other fossils are exceedingly rare. Portage beds Middlesex black shale As in the case of the Hamilton beds and other larger divisions it has also become necessary to recognize the distinct component units of the Portage division by separate terms. The Middlesex black shale is the lowest of the subdivisions of the former Portage group. It is abundantly exposed in the Middlesex valley in Yates county, whence the name [see N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 6 and Hand- book 19]. It appears as a bed of densely black slaty shale 6 feet thick superjacent to the West River shale at Windom; is found on Eighteen Mile creek and the south shore cliffs and well exposed on Pike creek. It may be easily distinguished at nearly all of the outcrops from the West River shale by its darker color and more bituminous char- acter. Like all the preceding divisions, it increases slowly in thick- ness toward the east and is 35 feet thick in Ontario county, where a few thin sandstone slabs and hard blue shales are interstratified at the bottom and near the top. The Middlesex shale contains very few fossils, but Lingula ligea is common in this horizon on Pike creek, North Evans; and it occasionally carries in the central part of the State Sand- berveroceras sym 2 On tid), bem oc hare nilamun come lis and Spathiocaris emerson, together with plans and fish remains. Cashaqua shale The Cashaqua shale is another well characterized subdivision of the Portage beds, for which the original name given by the early geologists has been revived. The type locality of this formation is along Cashaqua creek, a confluent of the Genesee river. The formation is composed of light blue-gray or olive soft. shales in which are interbedded at frequent intervals concretionary calcareous layers 2 to 4 inches thick. Layers of dark or black ‘ GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE 25 shale occur, but these are quite rare and very thin, and also rows of spheric or oblong and flattened concretions. Eight feet of the shales at the top of the beds are somewhat darker and harder than those below. The Cashaqua beds are 32 feet thick in the exposure at the south shore cliffs and in the bed of Pike creek at North Evans. They extend in long flat outcrops in the bed and banks of Smoke’s creek, 4 mile south of the upper electric railroad bridge at Windom, and are slightly exposed along the roadside on the hill above the school- house 1 mile south of Big Tree. The average thickness of the formation on this quadrangle is 45 feet. The thickness increases toward the east and is 165 feet in the Genesee river gorge at Mt Morris and along Cashaqua creek above Sonyea; and at Naples, in Ontario county, it even attains 230 feet. Nearly all of the northward flowing streams in the eastern part of Erie county and in Wyoming, Livingston and Ontario counties have excavated ravines in the Cashaqua shales, producing large and favorable exposures. Among the best of these are: the ravine of Murder creek at Griswold on the Erie Railroad 6 miles west of Attica; in the Oatka river valley in the vicinity of Wyoming; in the Genesee river gorge between Mt Morris and Smoky Hollow; along Cashaqua creek between Sonyea and Tuscarora; in the ravines along the sides of Conesus and Honeoye lakes and in the southern part of the Bristol valley and in Parrish gully and other ravines at Naples. Fossils are fairly common in the shales and also in the concretions and they increase in frequency from the lower to the upper beds. The more abundant forms in this vicinity are: the goniatites Probeloceras lutheri Clarke G. cf. domanicense Holzapfel Gephyroceras holzapfeli Clarke the lamellibranchs Lunulicardium pilosum Clarke Buchiola retrostriata (v. Buch) Pterochaenia fragilis (Hall) B. lupina Clarke P. elmensis Clarke Paleoneilo petila Clarke the gastropod Loxonema noe Clarke Riunestreet black shale This shale consists of a heavy mass of black, bituminous, slaty shale, in which there are a few thin bands of dark bluish, rather 26 - NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ‘hard shale, usually from 2 to 5 feet thick. The latter contain large symmetric concretions and septaria, some of which attain a dia- meter of 6 to 8 feet. The formation has a total thickness of about 200 feet on the lake shore in the town of Evans and is 165 feet thick in the southeast corner of this quadrangle. Its lower beds appear along Smoke’s creek, 14 miles south of Windom and some of the shales and concretions near the middle along a branch of the same stream 4 mile west of Orchard Park. Unlike every other formation represented on this quadrangle except the Bertie waterlime, it becomes thinner toward the east, diminishing at the rate of 14 feet a mile to Naples, Ontario co., where it measures 21 feet. It may be seen at nearly all of the exposures of the Cashaqua shale at and above cascades produced by its superior resistance to the erosive power of the streams. Common Portage fossils occur but sparingly in the lighter bands in the western part of the State, and the black shales have been found to contain very few fossils except plant and fish remains and a few conodont teeth. Actinopteria decussata, 19. Ambocoelia nana, 10. umbonata, 17, 18, 19, 21. Athyris spiriferoides, 18, 19. Atrypa aspera, 19, 21. reticularis, 14, 17, 2I. Aulopora annectens, 23. Bellerophon denckmanni, 23. koeneni, 23. leda, 18. Bertie waterlime, 8-9. Bishop, I. P., cited, ro. Buchiola? livoniae, 23. lupina, 25. retrostriata, 25. scabrosa, 23. Bythotrephis lesquereuxi, 9. Camarotoechia dotis, Io. Camillus shale, 8. Cardiff shale, 16-17. Cashaqua shale, 24-25. Centronella impressa, 20. Ceratiocaris acuminata, 9. grandis, 9. Ceratopora dichotoma, 17. Chonetes deflectus, 21. lepidus, 17, 18, 10. mucronatus, 15, 16, 18, 21. scitulus, 16, 18, 10. setigerus, 18. Clarke, J. M., cited, 10, 11, 12, 23. Cobleskill waterlime, 9-10, II. Cryphaeus boothi, 18, 19. Cryptonella planirostra, 20. Cyathophyllum hydraulicum, to. Cypricardinia indenta, 16, 10. Cyrtoceras undulatum, 14. Cystiphyllum conifollis, 21. Diaphorostoma lineatum, 19, 20. Dinichthys newberryi, 23. Dolichopterus macrochirus, 9. INDEX Encrinal limestone, 20. Euomphalus (Phanerotinus) 18. Eurypterus dekayi, 9. giganteus, 9. lacustris, 9. pachychirus, 9. pustulosus, 9. remipes, 9. robustus, 9. Eusarcus grandis, 9. scorpionis, 9. Favosites sp., 10. hamiltoniae, 20. Genesee beds, 22. ’ Genesee black shale, 21, 22. laxus, Genundewah limestone, 21, 22-23. Gephyroceras cf. domanicense, genundewa, 23. holzapfeli, 25. 25. Grabau, A. W., cited, 10, 11, 18, 19, 20s 20. Gyroceras trivolve, 14. Hall, James, cited, 20, 23. Hamilton beds, 17-22. Hartnagel, C. A., cited, 9, II. Honeoyea styliophila, 23 Isochilina (?) fabacea, 15. Leperditia alta, 8. scalaris, 9. Leptaena rhomboidalis, 14. Leptostrophia perplana, 10, 21. Lingula ligea, 24. Liorhynchus limitare, 15, 16, 17, 18. multicostum, 10. Loxonema ?, IO. noe, 23, 25. Ludlowville shale, 18-10. 28 INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE Lunulicardium encrinitum, 23. hemicardioides, 23. pilosum, 25. Macrochilina pygmaea, 23. seneca, 23. Manlius limestone, 11. Manticoceras contractum, 23. fasciculatum, 23. nodiferum, 23. pattersoni var. styliophilum, 23. Marcellus beds, 14-17. Marcellus black shale, 14-15. Martinia subumbonus, see Spirifer (Martinia) subumbonus. Melocrinus clarkii, 23. Meristella barrisi, 16, 17. Middlesex black shale, 24. Modiomorpha concentrica, 20. subalata, Io. Moscow shale, 21. Nautilus magister, 18, 109. Nematophytum crassum, Io. Nuculites triqueter, 18. Odontocephalus selenurus, 13. Onondaga limestone, 12-14. Orbiculoidea minuta, 17. Oriskany sandstone horizon, I1-12. Orthoceras sp., 18. aegea, 17. exile, 16. marcellense, 16. nuntium, 19. Orthothetes arctostriatus, 18. hydraulicus, Io. interstriatus, Io. Paleoneilo petila, 25. tenuistriata, I9, 21. Paracardium delicatulum, 23. doris, 23. Phacops cristata var. pipa, 13-14. Gana, 160) 173) 16,etOs 20) 21. Phanerotinus laxus, see Euomphalus (Phanerotinus) laxus. Pholidops hamiltoniae, 21. Phragmostoma incisum, 23. natator, 23. | Platyceras attenuatum, 19. Pleurodictyum stylopora, 19. Pleurotomaria ?, I0. genundewa, 23. Portage beds, 24-26. Primitiopsis punctulifera, 15, 16, 18. Probeloceras lutheri, 25. Productella spinulicosta, 18. Protocalyptraea styliophila, 23. Protospirialis minutissima, 23. Pterinea flabellum, Io. Pterochaenia elmensis, 25. fragile “15; 17, 18) 23; 245 25 sinuosa, 23. Pterygotus acuticaudatus, 9. bilobus, 9. buffaloensis, 9. cobbi, 9. cummingsi, 9. globicaudatus, 9. macrophthalmus, 9. quadraticaudatus, 9. Rhinestreet black shale, 25-26. Rhipidomella penelope, 20. vanuxemi, IQ, 20. Rhynchonella sp., 10. Rondout waterlime, IT. Salina beds, 8-Io. Sandbergeroceras syngonum, 24. Seaweeds, 9. Skaneateles shale, 17-18. Spathiocaris emersoni, 23, 24. Spirifer acuminatus, 14. consobrinus, 21. divaricatus, 14. eriensis, IO. fimbriatus, 10. granulosus, 10, 20. mucronatus, 18, 19, 20. subumbonatus, Io. (Martinia) subumbonus, 16. tullius, 21. Stafford limestone, 15-16. Stictopora incisurata, 19. Streptelasma rectum, 19, 21. Strophalosia truncata, 15, 16, 18. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Stropheodonta concava, 14. demissa, 19. inaequistriata, 14. Styliolina fissurella, 15, 17, 18, 19, 22. Tentaculites gracilistriatus, 2 23) Tichenor limestone, 20. Tornoceras uniangulare, 17, 23. Trochoceras gebhardi, Io. Tropidoleptus carinatus, 18, 19, 20. 18, 19, 25) Tully horizon, 22. Tully limestone, 21. Vanuxem, cited, 16, 17. Vitulina pustulosa, 20. West river shale, 23-24. Whitfieldella cf. laevis, to. nucleolata, Io. sulcata, Io. Wood, cited, 15, 16, 17. New York State Education Department New York State Museum PUBLICATIONS Postage or express to places outside of New York State must be paid in addition to the price given. On 10 or more copies of any one publica- tion 20% discount will be given, the buyer to pay transportation. Editions printed are only large enough to meet special claims and probable sales. When the sale copies are exhausted, the price for the few reserve copies is advanced to that charged by secondhand booksellers, in order to limit their distribution to cases of special need. Such prices are inclosed in []. All publications are in paper covers, unless binding is specified. Museum annual reports 1847—-date. 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Descriptions an illustrations of edible, poisonous and unwholesome fungi of New York have also been published in volumes 1 and 3 of the 48th (1894) museum report and in volume 1 of the eee (1895), 51st (1807), sd (1898), 54th (1900), 55th (roor), 56th (1902), 57th (1903) and 58th (19©4) reports. The descriptions and illustrations of edible and unwholesome species contained in the 49th. stst and 52d reports have been revised and rearranged, and, combined with others more recently prepared. constitute Museum memoir 4. NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Museum bulletins 1887-date. O. To advance subscribers, $2 a year or $1 a year for division (1) geology, economic geology, paleontology, mineralogy; 50¢ each for divisions (2) general zoology, archeology and miscellaneous, (3) botany, (4) entomology. Bulletins are also found with the annual reports of the museum as follows: Bulletin Report Bulletin Report Bulletin Report Bulletin Report Ge ox 48, V.1 Paloessaaves Enitr 54,V.3 Ar 3 52,V.1 2 51,V.1 4 cay” b See aeEy TO AY 4 54, V.1 3 BR Wok 5,6 GSa Wak 14 Geo Waxt 5 * Vag 4 54.V.4 7-9 56,Vv.2 I5-18 56,v.3 6 55.V.1r 5 560, Vv.1 10 S7,V.1 19 57,V.1, pt 2 7 56,Vv.4 6 Bol. SR, Z 3 53,V.I 26 SEV isr g 57,V.2 Eg 5,6 48,v.1 4 54,V.1 21 © SONY. 9 Savina 7 50, V.1 5-7 AVS 22 Svat | Msorea es Grav eal 8 Belo Woe 8 55,V.r Bo 3 2,Vv.1 : 9 54,V.2 9 56,V.3 4 53,V-I Memoir De) Sava bce) 57,V.1 5 55,V.I 2 490,V.3 te 56,V.1 En3 48, V.1 6 56,V.4 3,4 53,V.2 M 2 CGN aa ¢ 4-6 52,v.1 7 57,V.2 510) Snes 3 57,V.1 Gm) BB Woke Ar 1 50, V.1 7 Waa Pa 1 54, V.1 Io 54,V.2 2 Gi Wort The figures in parenthesis in the following list indicate the bulletin’s number as a New York State Museum bulletin. Geology. Gr (14) Kemp, J. F. Geology of Moriah and Westport Town- ships, Essex Co. N. 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Ar6 (50) Horn and Bone Implements of the New York Indians. r12p. 43pl. Mar. 1902. 30¢ Metallic Implements of the New York Indians. g4p. 38pl. Ar7 (55) June 1902. 25¢. Ar8 (73) Metallic Ornaments of the New York Indians. 122p. 37pl. Dec. 1903. 30¢. Arg (78) History of the New York Iroquois. 340p. 17pl. map. Feb. 1905. 75¢, cloth. Arto (87) Perch Lake Mounds. 84p. 12pl. Ap. 1905. 20¢. Arr (89) —— Aboriginal Use of Wood in New York. troop. 35pl. June 1905. 35¢. NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Beauchamp, W. M. Aboriginal Place Names of New York. Prepared. Byes Religious & Mourning Councils and Ceremonies of Adoption. repared. Migsellanenus: Msi (62) Merrill, F: J. H. Directory of Natural History Museums in United States and Canada. 236p. Ap. 1903. 30¢. Ms2 (66) Ellis, Mary. Index to Publications of the New York State Nat- ural History Survey and New York State Museum 1837-1902. 418p. June 1903. _75¢, cloth. : Museum memoirs 1889-date. Q. 1 Beecher, C. E. & Clarke, J. M. Development of Some Silurian Brachi-. opoda. og6p. 8pl. Oct. 1889. $1. 2 Hall, James & Clarke, J. M. Paleozoic Reticulate Sponges. 35op. il. 7opl. 1898. $1, cloth. 3 Clarke, J. M. The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia Co. N= Ys) 228p.,opl. 2 Oct. 1900.) 1606: 4 Peck,C.H. N. Y. Edible Fungi, 1895-99. 106p.25pl. Nov. 1900. 756. This includes revised descriptions and illustrations of fungi reported in the 49th, 51st and 52d reports of the State Botanist. 5 Clarke, J. M. & Ruedemann, Rudolf. Guelph Formation and Fauna of New York State. i196p. 21pl. July 1903. $1.50, cloth. 6 oe J. M. Naples Fauna in Western New York. 268p. 26pl. map. 2, cloth. 7 Ruedemann, Rudolf. Graptolites of New York. Pt 1 Graptolites of the Lower Beds. 350p.17pl. Feb.1905. $1.50, cloth. 8 Felt, E. P. Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. v.1 46o0p. il. 48pl. Feb. 1906. $2.50, cloth. v.2 In press. 9 ae J.M. Early Devonic of New York and Eastern North America. nN press. Eaton, E. H. Birds of New York. In preparation. Ruedemann, R. Graptolites of New York. Pt 2 Graptolites of the Higher Beds. In preparation. Eastman, C. R. The Devonic Fishes of the New York Formations. . Pre- ared. Natural history of New York. 3ov. il. pl. maps. Q. Albany 1842-94. DIVISION 1 zooLoGy. De Kay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto observed within the State of New York with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders, and accompanied by appropri- ateillustrations. 5v.il.pl.maps. sq.Q. Albany 1842-44. Out of print. Historical introduction to the series by Gov. W. H. Seward. 178p. v. 1 ptr Mammalia. 13+ 146p. 33pl. 1842. 300 copies with hand-colored plates. v. 2 pt2 Birds. 12+380p. r141pl. 1844. Colored plates. k v. 3 pt3 Reptiles and Amphibia. 7+ 98p. pt4 Fishes. 15+415p.. 1842. pt3-4 bound together. : v. 4 Plates to accompany v. 3. Reptiles and Amphibia 23pl. Fishes 7gpl. 1842. 300 copies with hand-colored plates. v. 5 pt5 Mollusca. 4+271p. gopl. pt6 Crustacea. 7op. 13pl. 1843-44, Hand-colored plates: pts—6 bound together. DIVISION 2 BOTANY. Torrey, John. Flora of the State of New York; com- prising full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hith- erto discovered in the State, with remarks on their economical and medical properties. 2v.il.pl.sq.Q. Albany 1843. Out of print. v. 1 Flora of the State of New York. 12+484p. 72pl. 1843. 300 copies with hand-colored plates. v. 2 Flora of the State of New York. 572p. 89pl. 1843. 300 copies with hand-colored plates. 2 DIVISION 3 MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York; com- prising detailed descriptions of the minerals hitherto found in the State of New York, and notices of their uses in the arts and agriculture. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1842. Out of print. . MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS v. 1 ptr Economical Mineralogy. ptz Descriptive Mineralogy. 24+536p. 1842. 8 plates additional to.those printed as part of the text. DIVISION 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W. W.; Emmons, Ebenezer; Vanuxem, Lard- ner & Hall, James. Geology of New York. 4v. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1842-43. Out of print. .1 ptr Mather, W.W. First Geological District. 37+653p. 46pl. 1843. 2 ptz Emmons, Ebenezer. Second Geological District. 10+437p. 17pl. 1842. . 3 pt3 Vanuxem, Lardner. Third Geological District. 306p. 1842. . 4 pt4 Hall, James. Fourth Geological District. 22+683p. i1gpl. map. 1843. DIVISION 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York; comprising an account of the classification, composition and distribution of the soils and rocks and the natural waters of the different geological formations, together with a condensed view of the meteorology and agri- cultural productions of the State. 5v.il. pl.sq.Q. Albany 1846-54. Out of print. v. 1 Soils of the State, their Composition and Distribution. 11 +371p. 21pl 18406. v. 2 Analysis of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. 8+343+46p. 42pl. 1849. With hand-colored plates. v.3 Fruits, etc. 8+4+340p. 1851. v.4 Plates to accompany v. 3. g5pl. 1851. Hand-colored. v. 5 Insects Injurious to Agriculture. 8+4+272p. Sopl. 1854. With hand-colored plates. DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Palaeontology of New York. 8v. il. pl.sq. Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound tn cloth. v. 1 Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System. 23+338p. oopl. 1847. Out of print. v. 2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System. 8+362p. 1o4pl. 1852. Out of print. v. 3 Organic Remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Sandstone. pti, text. 12+532p: 1859. [$3.50] pt2, 143pl. 1861. [$2.50] v. 4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 11+1+428p. oggpl. 1867. $2.50. v. 5 pti Lamellibranchiata 1. Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton and Chemung Groups. 18+268p. 45pl. 1884. $2.50. Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Ham- ilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 62+293p. 51pl. 1885. $2.50. —— ptz Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helder- berg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. 1, text. 15+492p. v. 2, 120pl. $2.50 for 2 v. & Simpson, George B. v. 6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Hamilton Groups. 24+298p. 67pl. 1887. . $2.50. & Clarke, John M. v. 7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oris- kany, Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. 64+236p. 46pl. 1888. Cont. supplement to v. 5, pt2. Pterop- oda, Cephalopoda and Annelida. 42p. 18pl. 1888. $2.50. & Clarke, John M. v. 8 pti Introduction to the Study of the General of the Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+367p. 44pl. 1892. $2.50. & Clarke, John M. v. 8 pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+394p. 84pl. 1894. $2.50. Catalogue of the Cabinet of Natural History of the State of New York and of the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. 242p. O. 1853. Handbooks 1893-date. 74x124 cm. In quantities, r cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as below. New York State Museum. 52p. il. 4c. Outlines history and work of the museum with list of staff 1902. ir << NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Paleontology. 12p. 2c. Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition; Relation to biology; Relation to stratigraphy; History of paleontology in New York. Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York. 124p. Sc. Itineraries of 32 trips covering nearly the entire series of Paleozoic rocks, prepared specially for the use of teachers and students desiring to acquaint themselves more intimately with the classic rocks of this State. Entomology. 16p. 2¢. Economic Geology. 44p. 4c. Insecticides and Fungicides. 20p. 3c. Classification of New York Series of Geologic Formations. 32p. je. Geologic maps. Merrill, F. J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the State of New York; issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and 48th Museum Report, v. 1. 59x67 cm. 1894. Scale 14 miles to r inch. I5c. Map of the State of New York Showing the Location of Quarries of Stone Used for Building and Road Metal. Mus. bul. 17, 1897. Toc. Map of the State of New York Showing the Distribution of the Rocks Most Useful for Road Metal. Mus. bul. 17, 1897. 5c. Geologic Map of New York. 1901. Scale 5 miles to 1 inch. In atlas form $3; mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson sheet 60c. The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, Put- nam, Westchester, New York, Richmond, Kings, Queens and Nassau counties, and parts of Sul- livan, Ulster and Suffolk counties; also northeastern New Jersey and part of western Connecticut. Map of New York Showing the Surface Configuration and Water Sheds. 1901. Scale 12 miles to 1 inch. 15¢. Map of the State of New York Showing the Location of its Economic Deposits. 1904. Scale 12 miles to 1 inch. I5c. ' Geologic maps on the United States Geological Survey topographic base; scale 1 in. = 1m. Those marked with an asterisk have also been pub- lished separately. *Albany county. Mus. rep’t 49, v. 2. 1898. 500. Area around Lake Placid. Mus. bul. 21. 1898. Vicinity of Frankfort Hill [parts of Herkimer and Oneida counties]. Mus. rep’t 51, Vv. I. 1899. Rockland county. State geol. rep’t 18. 1899. Amsterdam quadrangle. Mus. bul. 34. 1900. *Parts of Albany and Rensselaer counties. Mus. bul. 42. 1gor. Joc. *Niagara river. Mus. bul. 45. Igor. 25¢. Part of Clinton county. State geol. rep’t 19. Igor. Oyster Bay and Hempstead quadrangles on Long Island. Mus. bul. 48. Igol. Bortone of Clinton and Essex counties. Mus. bul. 52. 1902. Part of town of Northumberland, Saratoga co. State geol. rep’t.21. 1903 Union Springs, Cayuga county and vicinity. Mus. bul. 69. 1903. *Olean quadrangle. Mus. bul. 69. 1903. Toc. *Becraft Mt with 2 sheets of sections. (Scale 1 in 4m.) Mus. bul. 69 LOO3.)) 20G: . *Canandaigua-Naples quadrangles. Mus. bul. 63. 1904. 206. *Little Falls quadrangle. Mus. bul. 77. 1905. I5c. *Watkins-Elmira quadrangle. Mus. bul. 81. 1905. 20¢. *Tully quadrangle. Mus. bul. 82. 1905. 0c. *Salamanca quadrangle. Mus. bul. 80. 1905. TI0¢. *Buffalo quadrangle. Mus. bul. 99. 1906. T0c. O OJAIAUB, ee hits jjue » a > < & ne = a Bais vi mi EDUCATION DEPARTMENT BORNE CEARICE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK STATE GEOLOGIST STATE MUSEUM BUFFALO QUADRANGLE BULLETIN 99 (Tonawanda) f Camillus shale Bertie waterlime NEOSILURIC Coblestill waterline - PALEO- DEVONIC Onondaga limestone ke Marcellus shale FORT ERIE RUINS) I Stafford limestone : Cardiff shate a a o vA 4 2 QA 4 Pp ics ° 4 4 fi 5 p R g i Ls} i & ° » ie 4 q A +3) lo} a % & i is iT or Hl Z & isu) TH | Do: ai ¥ Slkaoneateles shale MESODEVONIC ark SHALE ong UmestODOT parce Ludlow yille shale GRAPHIC SECTION ALONG THE EA Tichenor limestone a \K Moscow shale SEE SS Genundewah limestone West River shale NEODEVONIC Middlesex black shinte L Rhinestreet shale Gannett, Chief Topographer. ry Brandow Printing Company, Field work by D. D, Luther : Tau WiteoniGeogra ees Sk : F . , Selle ea F site State Printers, Albany, N. ¥- and I. P. Bishop. Triangulation by PER yas cana SSS er ee — ‘= =< SS hy by U.' ‘¢ Survey,’ nand WW. % TOROBTOPIY teas and 100in cooperation w8bthe Stare of Newer a Sa Contour interyal 20 feet- = ~~ ere Datuors ss men gon cel New York State Education Department New “York State Museum The New York State Museum as at present organized is the out- growth of the Natural History Survey of the State commenced in 1836. This was established at the expressed wish of the people to have some definite and positive knowledge of the mineral resources and of the vegetable and animal forms of the State. This wish was stated in memorials presented to the Legislature in 1834 by the Albany Institute and in 1835 by the American Institute of New York city and as.a result of these and other influences the Legislature of 1835 passed a resolution requesting the Secretary of State to report to that body a plan for ‘‘a complete geological survey of the State, which shall furnish a scientific and perfect account of its rocks, soils and materials and of their localities; a list of its mineralogical, botanical and zoological productions and provide for procuring and preserving specimens of the same; etc.” Pursuant to this request, Hon. John A. Dix, then Secretary of State, presented to the Legislature of 1836. a report proposing a plan for a complete geologic, botanical and zoologic survey of the State. This report was adopted by the Legislature then in session and the Governor was authorized to employ competent persons to carry out’ the plan which was at once put into effect. The scientific staff of the Natural History Survey of 1836 con- sisted of John Torrey, Botanist; James E. DeKay, Zoologist; Lewis C. Beck, Mineralogist; W. W. Mather, Ebenezer Emmons, Lardner Vanuxem and Timothy A. Conrad, Geologists. In 1837 Professor Conrad was made Paleontologist and James Hall, who had been an assistant to Professor Emmons, was appointed Geologist to suéceed Professor Vanuxem, who took Professor Conrad’s place. The heads of the several departments reported annually to the Governor the results of their investigations, and these constituted the annual octavo reports which were published from 1837 to 1841. The final reports were published in quarto form, beginning at the close of the field work in 1841, and 3000 sets have been distributed, comprising four volumes of geology, one of mineralogy, two of botany, five of zoology, fi ve of agriculture, and eight of paleontology. 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