Berea the Arhanes \e . a OLIN 0 A seh Senttg Vy 4 gt 5 fe . YW aay ay Pe} Z 4s 3 a ————— = ee” as a R hone ee i I “1 . we gee me iene a oy 2 3 Peet BUEN OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. EDITED BY W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT. VOLUME XXXIII. SESSION 19138-1914. “A (23230\ LON DON : WITHERBY & CO., 326 HIGH HOLBORN. AUGUST 1914. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE, ——_4—___ THe number of attendances at the Meetings of the British Ornithologists’ Club during the 22nd Session, 1913-1914, was 446 as against 401 during the previous session. This included 368 Members and 78 Visitors, showing an average of more than 49 per meeting, as against nearly 45 in the previous Session. The exhibition of Lantern-slides at the March meeting was very largely attended, no fewer than 117 being present. An obituary notice and portrait of our late Chairman, Dr. P. L. Sclater, will be found on p. 29; also a photo- graph of the silver Ibis on a globe, presented to him by the Members of the B. O. C. on his retirement from the Chairmanship of the Club. During the present Session we have lost several valued friends. Dr. Albert Giinther, our veteran member, has passed away in his 84th year; Major G. E. H. Barrett- Hamilton, while on a Government Mission in South Georgia, died in the midst of his life’s work to the infinite regret of his many friends; Mr. F. V. McConnell, who was especially interested in the Avifauna of British Guiana and possessed a fine collection of birds from that country ; and, lastly, Mr. R. J. Ussher, who was our greatest authority on the birds of Ireland. Science has also suffered an irreparable loss in the death of Dr. A. R. Wallace. A special number of the Bulletin published during the Session contains (1) A Guide to Selborne and (2) A Synopsis of the Life of Gilbert White by Major W. H. Mullens. These papers had been prepared in connection with the proposed visit to Selborne to celebrate the 21st Anniversary of the Club, but, owing to the death of Dr. Sclater, the scheme was abandoned. Of the remarkable birds exhibited at the various Meetings held during the Session, none was of greater interest than a2 iM the rare Eared Pheasant, Crossoptilon harmant, hitherto known only from a moth-eaten specimen in the British Museum. The rediscovery of this rare bird was due to the enterprise of Capt. F. M. Bailey, who found it comparatively common in the Mishmi-Abor Hills at an elevation between 10,000 and 12,000 feet. He likewise obtained a number of specimens and two eggs of the recently described Blood- Pheasant, Ithagenes cruentus kuseri, which is by far the finest of all the known forms. Major H. H. Harington has contributed a number of notes on various groups of Indian Timeliidz, which he has been studying during his visit to England. Several expeditions to various parts of the world have ‘yielded interesting results, which are described in the present volume. Among these we may call attention to Mr. D. A. Ban- nerman’s visit to the Hastern Canary Islands. Highly interesting specimens were procured by Dr. H. O. Forbes in the Guano Islands off the coast of Peru, and some remarkable lantern-slides illustrating the bird-hfe there were exhibited by him at the Meeting of the Club held in March. The Hon. Walter Rothschild and Dr. E. Hartert visited Algeria, and communicated some interesting notes on the Jays inhabiting North-West Africa. Mr. Rothschild also described a number of remarkable new forms from the Admiralty Islands, including a magnificent Ant-Thrush, Pitta superba, procured by Mr. A. S. Meek. Mr. Abel Chapman, accompanied by Capt. H. Lynes, R.N., and Mr. Willoughby B. Lowe, made an expedition to the Sudan and procured a large collection of birds in the country behind Snakim and on the Blue and White Niles. Several new forms were discovered, and have been described by Capt. Lynes in the May number of the ‘ Bulletin.’ (Signed) W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT, Editor. August 12th, 1914. RULES OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB, (As amended, August 13th, 1913.) << -- —— I. This Club was founded for the purpose of facilitating the social intercourse of Members of the British Ornithologists’ Union. Any Ordinary Member of that Union can become a Member of this Club on payment (to the Treasurer) of an entrance fee of One Pound and a subscription of Five Shillings for the current Session. Resignation of the Union involves resignation of the Club. II. Members who have not paid their subscriptions before the last Meeting of the Session, shall cease, ipso facto, to be Members of the Club, but may be reinstated on payment of . arrears and a new entrance fee. Ill. Ordimary Members of the British Ornithologists’ Union may be introduced as Visitors at the Meetings of the Club, but every Member of the Club who introduces a Member of the B. O. U. as a Visitor (to the dinner or to the Meeting afterwards) shall pay One Shilling to the Treasurer, on each occasion. IV. No gentleman shall be allowed to attend the Meetings of the Club as a guest on more than three oceasions during any single Session. VI V. The Club shall meet, as a rule, on the Second Wednesday in every Month, from October to June inclusive, at such hour and place as may be arranged by the Committee. At these Meetings papers upon ornithological subjects shall be read, specimens exhibited, and discussion invited. | VI. An Abstract of the Proceedings of the B. O. C. shall be printed as soon as possible after each Meeting, under the’ title of the ‘Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club,’ and distributed gratis to every Member who has paid his subscription. Copies of this Bulletin shall be published and sold at One Shilling each. VII. The affairs of this Club shall be managed by a Committee, to consist of the Chairman, who shall be elected for five years, at the end of which period he shall not be eligible for re-election, the Editor of the ‘ Bulletin,’ the Secretary and Treasurer, and the Editor of ‘The Ibis, ex officio, with three other Members, one of whom shall be changed every year. The Committee shall have power to make and alter Bye-laws. COMMITTEE 1913-1914. The Hon. Wauter Rotuscuitp, F.R.S., Chairman. W. R. Octtvie-Grant, Editor of the ‘ Bulletin.’ H. F. Wirnersy, Secretary and Treasurer. W. L. Scrater, Editor of ‘ The Ibis’ (Vice-Chairman). C. B. Rickert. N. F. Ticrnvurst. EK. G. B. Mrapr-Waxpo (Vice-Chairman). ‘N LIST OF MEMBERS. JUNE 1914. ArexanperR, H. G.; King’s College, Cambridge. ’ Aptin, Ortver Vernon; Bloxham, Banbury, Oxon. ArunDEL, Major W. B.; High Ackworth, Pontefract. Baur, P. H.; 12 Vicarage Gardens, Kensington, W. Baxer, E. C. Sruarrt; 6 Harold Road, Upper Norwood, 8.E. Baker, Dr. J. C.; Ceely House, Aylesbury. Bannerman, Davin A.; 6 More’s Garden, Cheyne Waik, Chelsea, Se We Barctay, Huew Gurney; Colney Hall, Norwich. Barrerr-Hamiiron, Major Guratp E. H.; Kilmarnock House, Arthurstown, Co. Waterford. Barrineron, Rrcuarp Mantirre; Fassaroe, Bray, Co. Wicklow. Baynes, Grorer; 1 Fleet Street, E.C. Brcxerton, W.; The Firs, Farraline Road, Watford. Browett, E.; 1 Trig Lane, Upper Thames Street, London, E.C. Braauw, F. E., €.M.Z.S. ; Gooilust, s'Graveland, Noord-Holland. Boyuore, Joun Lewis; Zoological Gardens, Giza, Egypt. Boorman, 8.; Heath Farm, Send, Woking, Surrey. Boorn, H. B.; “ Ryhill,” Ben Rhydding. Borrer, C. D.; 20 Pelham Crescent, South Kensington, 8.W. Braprorp, Sir J. Roszr, F.R.S.; 8 Manchester Square, W. Briees, T. H.; Rock House, Lynmouth, R.S.0., Devon. BristowE, B. A.; The Cottage, Stoke D’Abernon, Cobham, Surrey. BrockHotes, W. Firzuersert; Claughton-on-Brock, Garstang, Lancashire. Bucxiey, C. M.; 4 Hans Crescent, S.W. Bunyarp, P. F.; 57 Kidderminster Road, Croydon. Buxton, ANtHony; Knighton, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. Carrol, Crement JosrpH; Rocklow Fethard, Co.'Tipperary, Ireland. Carter, Tuomas; Wensleydale, Broome Hill (Great Southern Railway), W. Australia. VIII Cuartin, Nugent; The Lodge, Bourne End, Bucks. Cuapman, Abet; Houxty, Wark-on-Tyne. Cuasz, R. W.; King’s Norton, Worcestershire. Cuuss, Cartes; British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W. ; Crarker, Capt. Gotanp vaw Hott, D.8.0.; Brook House, Hayward’s Heath, Sussex. Crarke, Col. StrpHnnson Ropert; Borde Hill, Cuckfield, Sussex. Crarke, Witttam Eactr; Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh. Coins, Ricuarp Epwarp; Ashley Arnewood, Lymington, Hants. Cotietr, A.; 5 Stone Buildings, Lincoln’s Inn, W.C. Cottier, Cuartes ; Bridge House, Culmstock, Devon. Court-Treart, C.; 29 Fulham Park Gardens, 8.W. Jurtis, Freprrics, F.R.C.S.; Alton House, Redhill, Surrey. Dateerisy, Joun J.; Brankston Grange, Bogside Station, Alloa, N.B. Davinson, J.; 32 Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh. Davis, K. J. A.; Julian Hill, Harrow. Ds Winton, W. E.; Southover Hall, Burwash, Sussex. Dosziz, Jamus B.; 12 South Inverleith Avenue, Edinburgh. Dorin, Witt1am Henry, M.R.C.S. ; 2 Hunter Street, Chester. Dresser, Henry HErtzs; Villa de le Gaieté, Boulevard Bru, Algiers. Drewirt, Dr. F. D.; 14 Palace Gardens Terrace, Kensington, W. Durron, Rev. & Hon, Canon; Bibury, Fairford. Farin, Enwarp V.; Fowden Hall, London Road, Maidstone. Exiior, Epuunp A. S., M.R.C.S.; Slade, Mounts, 8. Devon. Exrtson, Rey. Attan; Althorpe Rectory, Doncaster. Exwns, Henry Joun, F.R.S.; Colesborne Park, Cheltenham. Evans, Antoun Humprs, M.A.; 9 Harvey Road, Cambridge. Ewen, Guy L’Esrranee ; 1 Claremont Road, Windsor. Fansuawe, Captain R. D.; Adbury Holt, Newbury, Berks. Fintryson, Horace W.; Lancing College, Shoreham-on-Sea, Sussex. Frower, Capt. 8. 8.; Ghizeh Zoological Gardens, Cairo, Egypt. Forbes, Henry Occ, LL.D.; Redcliffe, Beaconsfield, Bucks. Foster, Nevin H.; Hillsborough, Co. Down, Ireland. Fronawk, F. W.; Stanley House, Park Road, Wallington, Surrey. Garnssorouen, The Earl of; Exton Park, Oakham. Garnett, Cuartes; 97 Whitehall Court, 8. W. Garrard, Joun; Worsley, Manchester. Greson, Ernust; 25 Cadogan Place, 8.W. Gittman, A. R.; Heath Vale, Farnham, Surrey. Ix Gopman, Captain E.8.; Muntham, Horsham, Sussex. Gopman, Freperick DuCans, D.C.L., F.R.S.; 45 Pont Street, S.W. Goopatt, J. M.; The Nest, Bembridge, Isle of Wight. Goopcuitp, H.; 17 Priory Gardens, Shepherd’s Hill, Highgate, N. GoopreLtow, Wattser; The Poplars, Kettering. Gossr, Partie; Curtlemead, Beaulieu, Hants. Gourp, F, H. Carrutaers; Matham Manor House, East Molesey. Grant, C. H. B.; Sports Club, St. James’s Square, S.W. Grey, Sir Epwarp, Bart., M.P.; Falloden, Christon Bank, Nor- thumberland. Grirrizn, Arruur F.; 59 Montpelier Road, Brighton. Gurney, G. H.; Keswick Hall, Norwich. Gurney, Jonn Henry; Keswick Hall, Norwich. Haren, Grorce Henry Caron; Grainsby Hall, Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire. Hatz, Rev. James R.; Boxley Vicarage, Maidstone, Kent. Harineton, Major H. H.; c/o Messrs. Cook & Son, Ludgate Circus, E.C. Harrert, Ernst, Ph.D.; The Museum, Tring, Herts. Harviz-Brown, Joun A.; Dunipace House, Larbert, Stirlingshire, NEB: Hawsetr, R. M.; Bath Club, Dover Street, W. Heavtey, F. W.; Haileybury College, Hertfordshire. Hetrimayr, C. E.; Zoologische Sammlung des Staats, Alte Akademie, Munchen, Germany. Hert, G. Srccompz; 8 Wimpole Street, W. Hony, G. Baruurst, 8 Christ’s Lane, Cambridge. Horssrven, Major Boyp R.; Tandridge Priory, Oxted, Surrey. Horsrrerp, Herbert Knieut; Crescent Hill, Filey, Yorkshire. Howarp, Ropurt James; Shearbank, Blackburn, Lancashire. Ineram, Cottinewoop; Sussex Mansions, Westgate-on-Sea. Irepate, T.; 65 Longridge Road, Earl’s Court, S.W. Jackson, Sir Frepuricx J., C.B., K.C.M.G.; Entebbe, Uganda, East Africa. Jonrs, Major H.; East Wickham House, Welling, Kent. Jones, Staff-Surgeon Knynuru H., R.N.; Manor House, St. Stephens, Canterbury. Jourpain, Rev. F.C. R.; Appleton Rectory, near Abingdon, Berks. Joy, Norman H.; Thurlestove, Bradfield, near Reading. Ketso, J. EK. H., M.D.; Edgewood, Arrow Lakes, British Columbia. Kinnear, Norman B.; Bombay Natural History Society. x Kxoss, C. Bopry, Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States. La Toucue, J. D.; Chinese Customs, Chinwangtao, N. China. Larpraw, Tuomas Grppzs; Bank of Scotland Branch, Duns, N.B. Lamsert, Gonrrey C.; Woodcote, Esher, Surrey. Laneron, Herserr; St. Moritz, 61 Dyke Road, Brighton. Lascettrs, Hon. Grratp; King’s House, Lyndhurst, Hants. Lr Soviir, D.; Zoological Society, Melbourne, Australia. Lopex,G. E. ; 5 Thurloe Studios, Thurloe Square, 8. Kensington, S.W. Lone, Sypvey H., M.D.; 37 St. Giles’ Street, Norwich. Lowe, Dr. P. R.; The Nuns, Stamford. Lucas, The Lord; 32 Old Queen Street, S.W. Lynes, Captain Husurt, R.N.; Garthmeilio, Corwen. Macmitian, G. A.; 27 Queen’s Gate Gardens, S.W. Macminuan, W. E. F.; 27 Queen’s Gate Gardens, 8.W. Macenerson, Artuur Horre; 21 Campden Hill Square, Ken- sington, W. Magrata, Lieut.-Colonel H. A. F.; 54th Sikhs, F.F., Kohat, India. Marswatt, A. McLean; Great Chitcombe, Brede, Sussex. MarsHAtt, James McLean; Bleaton Hallet, Blairgowrie, N.B. Mason, Colonel E. S.; 10 Lindum Terrace, Lincoln. Maruews, G. M.; Langley Mount, Watford. Merapre-Watpo, Epmunp Gustavus BroomrieLp (Vice-Chairman) ; Stonewall Park, Edenbridge, Kent. Mitrais, Joun Guitte; Comptons Brow, Horsham. Mitts, Rev. H. Hotroyp; The Rectory, St. Stephen-in-Brannell, Grampound Road, Cornwall. Monro, Sir Horace C., K.C.B.; Queen Anne’s Mansions, 8.W. Monn, P. W.; The Green, Laverstoke, Whitchurch, Hants. Mount, Henry; 10 Ashburn Place, South Kensington, 8.W. Murray, Macxenziz; Drum Leys, Kirriemuir, N.B. Mosrers, J. P. C.; Annesley Park, Nottingham. Nusuam, Ropert; Utrecht House, Poynder’s Road, Clapham Park, S.W. Nutson, T. H.; Seafield, Redcar, Yorks. Newman, T. H.; Newlands, Harrowdene Road, Wembley, Middlesex. Nicnors, J. B.; Parliament Mansions, Victoria Street, S.W. Nicuoxson, F.; The Knoll, Windermere. Nrcort, Micnart J.; Ghizeh Zoological Gardens, Cairo, Egypt. Oerttvin, Frravs Menterra ; The Shrubbery, 72 Woodstock Road, Oxford. XI . Oairvie-Grant, W. R. (Hditor) ; British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, 8.W. OxipHam, Cuas.; Kelvin, Boxwell Road, Berkhamsted, Herts. Parkin, Tuomas; Fairseat, High Wickham, Hastings. Parrerson, Wittiam H.; 25 Queen’s Gate Gardens, S.W. Pearse, Tarrp; Mentmore, Ampthill Road, Bedford. Pearson, Cuartes Epwarp; Hillcrest, Lowdham, Nottingham. Prwrose, Francis G., M.D.; Atheneum Club, Pall Mall, W. Prrsnovse, Captain 8.; The Castle, Carlisle. Prieorr, Sir Thomas Diesy, K.C.B.; The Lodge, Lower Sheringham. Prayer, W. J. P.; The Quarr, Clydach, R.S.0., Glamorganshire. Porpuam, Hue Lryzsornr; Hunstrete House, Pensford, near Bristol. Pricn, A. K.; 4 Mincing Lane, E.C. Proctor, Major F. W.; Downfield, Maidenhead. Pycrarr, W. P.; British Museum (Natural ee Cromwell Road, 8.W. Ratcirrr, F. R.; 29 Connaught Square, W. ‘Rawson, Hersert Everyn; Comyn Hill, Ilfracombe. Reap, Roserr H.; Camelot, South Parade, Bedford Park, W. Ret, Capt. Savine G. (late R.E.); The Elms, Yalding, Maidstone. Renaut, W. E.; 29 Elsham Road, Kensington, W. Ricumonp, H. W., F.R.S.; King’s-College, Cambridge. Ricxerr, C. B.; 27 Kendrick Road, Reading, Berks. Rippon, Colonel G.; P.O. Kalaw, S. Shan States, Burma. Riviere, B. B., F.R.C.S.; St. Giles’ Plain, Norwich. Rozinson, H. C.; State Museum, Kuala Lumpur, F. M. States. Roruscaitp, Hon. L. Watrer, Ph.D., F.R.S. (Chairman); The Museum, Tring, Herts. Roruscuitp, Hon. N. Cuartzs; Arunde] House, Kensington Palace Gardens, W. RussELt, Conrad; 2 Audley Square, W. Sr. Quintin, W. H.; Scampston Hall, Rillington, Yorkshire, SarpswortH, Arno~tp Dvuer; Royal Societies Club, St. James’s Street, S.W. SargEaunt, ArtHUR Sr. GrorGe ; Exbury, Padstow, Cornwall. Sarcent, James; 76 Jermyn Street, St. James’s, S.W. Swany, Grorrrey; 11 Onslow Créscent, S.W. Swann, Harorp; 45 Brompton Square, S.W. Scrarer, Wrtt1am Luriey ( Vice-Chairman) ; 10 Sloane Court, S.W. Setous, Frepericx Courrenry ; Heatherside, Worplesdon, Surrey. XII Srrn-Surrn, Davin; 34 Elsworthy Road, South Hampstead, N.W. Seru-Suirn, Lustre Morrat, B.A.; Alleyne, Caterham Valley, Surrey. Seron, M. C. C.; 13 Clarendon Road, Holland Park, W. SnarmMan, Freperic; 47 Goldington Road, Bedford. Swattey, Freperic W.; Challan Hall, Silverdale, nr. Carnforth. Sparrow, Major R.; 7th Dragoon Guards, Trimulgherry, Deccan, India. Sranrorp, KE. Fraser; 9 Cumberland House, Kensington Court, W. Sranes, J. W. C.; Portchester, Hants. Srennousn, J. H., M.B., R.N. ; Craigievar, Keptic Road, Arbroath, N.B. Sruppy, Colonel Ropurr Wrieut; Waddeton Court, Brixham, Devon. Sryan, F. W.; Ben Craig, Bayham Road, Sevenoaks, Swinnog, Colonel C.; 6 Gunterstone Road, W. Kensington, W. Swynnerton, C. F. Masry; Gungunyana, Melsetter District, S. Rhodesia. Tatpor-Ponsonsy, C. G.; 5 Crown Office Row, Temple, E.C. Terry, Major Horace A.; Compton Grange, Compton, Guildford. Tuorsurn, ArcuipaLp ; High Leybourne, Hascombe, Gedalming. Trcrnurst, Craup B., M.B.; Grove House, Lowestoft, Suffolk. Ticenurst, N. F., F.R.C.8. ; 35 Pevensey Road, St. Leonards-on-Sea. Townsend, R. G.; Buckholt, Dean, Salisbury. Trevor-Barrre, AuByn B. R.; Ashford Chase, Petersfield, Hants. Tyrrwuitt-Draxer, Hues G.; Cobtree, Sandling, Maidstone. Urcurr, Henry Morris; Sheringham Hall, Sheringham, R.S8.0. Ussuer, R. J.; Cappagh House, Cappagh, 8.0., Co. Waterford. Vaueuan, Marruew; Sunnylands, Milton, Pewsey, Wilts. Vaveuan, Lt.-Comm. Rosert K.; Lion Commercial Hotel, Ports- mouth. Watus, H. M.; Ashton Lodge, Christchurch Road, Reading. Watton, Major H., I.M.8.; The Medical College, Lucknow, India. Warptaw-Ramsay, Colonel R. G.; Whitehill, Rosewell, Mid- Lothian, N.B. Wuitaker, Josepu I. 8.; Malfitano, Palermo, Sicily. Wuire, 8. J.; Merok, Chiltern Road, Chesham Bois, Bucks, Wuirenran, Captain C, H. T.; Deighton Grove, York. Wuymrer, Samvet Lute; Oriental Club, Hanover Square, W. Wixinson, Jounson ; St. George’s Square, Huddersfield, Yorkshire. Witson, Coartes Joserpo; 34 York Terrace, N.W. XIII Witson, Scorr B.; Heather Bank, Weybridge Heath, Surrey. Wiruersy, Harry F. (Secretary and Treasurer) ; 326 High Holborn, W.C. Wiruerineton, G.; Aberlash, Sonning, Reading. Wottaston, A. F. R.; 15 Montpelier Square, S.W. Woopuouss, Cecit, M.D.; Chetnole House, Sherborne, Dorset. Werxman, Witt1Am Hugues; Lismore, Windsor, Belfast. Wynne, R. O.; Langley Mount, Watford. [Members are requested to keep the Secretary informed of any changes in their addresses. | LIST OF AUTHORS AND OTHER PERSONS REFERRED TO. ALEXANDER, H. G. Remarks on the supposed occurrence of the Siberian Chiffchaff in Kent, 85, 86. Baker, KE. C. Stuarr. Remarks on the differently coloured eggs of the species of Swallows found in India, 42. ——., KExhibition of nests and eggs of Chetura sylvatica and C. indica, with remarks on the nidification of the genus, 36, 37. ——. Iixhibition of a pair of Blood-Pheasants (Ithagenes cruentus kusert) from the Mishmi Hills, with remarks and a description of the female hitherto unknown to science, 83, 84. —. Hxhibition and remarks on a male example and a chick of the rare Hared Pheasant (Crossoptilon harmant), 121-123. —. LExhibition of three forms of the Scimitar Babbler (Pomatorhinus erythrogenys) and the description of a new species (Pomato- rhinus haringtont), 123-124. ——. Exhibition of eggs of the Blood-Pheasant (Ithagenes cruentus kusert), 124. BANNERMAN, D. A. An account of his recent visit to the Canary Islands, 37. ——. Exhibition and description of two new subspecies—Sazicola dacotie murtele and Acanthis cannabina harterti—from the Canary Islands, 38, 39. ——, Further account of his visit to the Canary Islands, with remarks on the Petrels found there, 56-59. ——. An account of the zoo-geographical divisions of the Canary Islands, illustrated by lantern-slides, 115-118. BarreEtTt-Hamitron, Major G. E. H. Obituary notice of, 97, 98. Baynes, G. K. Exhibition of a variety of the Common Snipe (Galhinago gallinago), 110. BipweEtu, E. Exhibition of two photographs of an egg of the Great Auk, 91. BrockKHo ss, W. FirzuerBert. Exhibition of abnormally shaped and coloured eges, 86, 87. Bunyarp, P. F. Exhibition of abnormally coloured eggs, 70. ——, Exhibition of eggs, 95, 96. XVI Cuusb, C. Exhibition and description of two new forms of Rhea (Pterocnemia tarapacensis and P. t. garleppi), with a key to the genera and species of Rheas, 79-81. —. On a new species of Tinamou (Nothocercus salvadori) from Ecuador, 95. ——. Exhibition and description of two new species of birds from British Guiana (Planesticus arthuri and Huscarthmus jose- phine), 131, 132. CLARKk, Colonel StePpHENSoN R. Exhibition and description of anew subspecies of African Creeper (Salpornis salvadorwi occidentalis) from Northern Nigeria, 94. ——. Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Camaroptera (Camaroptera superciliaris ugande) from Uganda, 136. Committee, Election of, 32. Davis, K. J. A. Exhibition of lantern-slides, 120. Ewes, H. J. Remarks on Crossoptilon harmant, 136, 137. Forbes, Dr. H.O. Exhibition of lantern-slides illustrating the bird- life on the Guano Islands off the coast of Peru, 118-119. Grant, C. H. B. Description of a new subspecies of Guinea-fowl (Numada ptilorhyncha baringoensis) from the Rift Valley, B.E. Africa, 141, 142. GrirFitH, A. F. Exhibition of two examples of the Black-headed Bunting (Zmberiza melanocephala) and of a White’s Thrush (Oreocincla aurea) killed in England, 183, 134. ——. Kxhibition of a pied variety of the Meadow-Pipit (Anthus pratensis), 134. Gintuer, Dr. ALBERT. Obituary notice of, 98. Hatz, Rev. J. R. Exhibition of a variety of the Golden Plover (Charadrius apricarius) from the Orkney Islands, 438. —. Kxhibition of a male specimen of the Velvet Scoter (Gidemia fusca) from the Orkney Islands, 43, (on behalf of Mr. T. P. Aldworth). Exhibition of a nest and two eggs of Palliser’s Warbler (Elaphrornis pallisert), 91. Harineron, Major H. H. Exhibition and description of two new forms of Turdinulus (T. brevicaudatus venningi and T. epi- lepidotus bakert) from the Southern Shan States, with a key to the species of the genus: also remarks on two species of Timeliidee (Pomatorhinus rubiginosus and Pyctorhis altirostris griseigularis), 44-47. ——. Descriptions of new species and subspecies—Proparus ripponi, Alcippe pheocephala, Stachyris nigriceps coltarti, Ixulus flavi- collis harterti, Siva cyanuroptera oatesi, Alcippe fratercula yunnanensis, Stachyridopsis sulphurea,—with a key to the species of Proparus, 59-63. i aia i XVII Harineton, Major H. H. Description of three new species of birds— Pellorneum ruficeps granti, Pterythius xanthochloris occidentalis, P. pallidus hybrida, 81. 82. ——, Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Trochalopterum (Trochalopterum erythrocephalum godwint) from the North Cachar Hills: also remarks on T. e. erythrolema, Hume, 92, 93. Hartert, Dr. E. Remarks on the eggs of a Ural Owl found in the nest of a Common Buzzard, 69. ——. Exhibition and description of five new subspecies of birds— Icterus xanthornus trinitatis, Euphoma fulvicrissa omissa, E. elegantissima vincens, Tangara aurulenta goodsoni, Fringilla celebs ombriosa, 76-79. —. Exhibition of a new form of Kite (Mzlvus milvus fascticauda) from the Cape Verde Islands, and remarks on Milvus egyptius parasitus, Daud., 89, 90. —. Remarks on Garrulus whitakert and G. minor, 141. Horne, Dr. Georer. Remarks on the life-history of Lyre-Birds, illustrated by photographs taken in the bush, 145. Horsprucu, Major B. R. Exhibition of a female example of the Japanese Pheasant (Phasianus versicolor) assuming male plumage, 109, 110. Jourparn, Rev. F.C. R. Exhibition of eggs from Cyprus, 41. ——. Exhibition of abnormally coloured eggs of a species of Acro- cephalus, 42. —. Exhibition of a clutch of five eggs of the Spur-winged Plover (Hoplopterus spinosus) from Cyprus, 84. —. Exhibition of erythristic eggs of the Dartford Warbler (Sylvia undata undata) from Spain, 96. ——. Exhibition and remarks on a nest and clutch of eggs of Hypocolius anpelinus from S8.W. Persia, 142, 143. Joy, N. H. Remarks on the “ colour-change” in feathers, 67. ——. Exhibition of abnormally coloured eggs, 69. Kennepy, J. N. See W. R. Oativie-Granrt, Lowe, Dr. P. R. Exhibition and remarks on an example of the Grey Phalarope (Crymophilus fulicarius) captured off the Cape Verde Islands, 40, 41. Lynzs, Captain H. Account of an expedition to the Sudan made in company with Mr. Abel Chapman and Mr. Willoughby P. Lowe, with descriptions of two new forms (Mirafra sobatensis and Calamocichla leptorhyncha nuerensis), 128-131. —. Exhibition and description of a new species of Weayer-Finch (Ortygospiza gabonensis), 131, VOL. XXXIII. b XKVIII McConnett, F. V. Obituary notice of, 98. MErEAvE-WaAtDo, E.G. B. Remarks on the Linnet found in the eastern - group of the Canary Islands, 39. —. On the “ colour-change” in feathers, 67, 68. ——. Remarks on Garrulus whitakeri and G. minor, 141. —. Exhibition of the down and breast-feathers from a nest of the Garganey (Querguedula circia), 142. Mvuuens, Major W. H. I. Guide to Selborne, 1-8. ——. II. Synopsis of the Life of Gilbert White, 9-27. Ogitvie-Grant, W. R. Exhibition of examples of the Spitzbergen Ptarmigan (Lagopus hyperboreus), together with specimens of the Common Ptarmigan, Rock-Ptarmigan, and Willow- Grouse, for comparison, 32, 33. ——. On behalf of Mr. J. N. Kennedy, R.N., described a new sub- species of Goldfinch (Cardueks carduelis bermudiana) from Bermuda, 33. ——. Exhibition of examples of the Starling found breeding in the Shetland Is., with remarks on the dark coloration of the immature bird, 63, 64. —. Exhibition of two adult male examples of Barrow’s Golden-eye in eclipse plumage and of two immature Scaup-Ducks from N. Iceland, 64, 65. —. Exhibition of an immature male example of the Carolina Crake killed in the Island of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, 82, 83. ——. Exhibition and descripton ef a new species of Shrike (Lantus yemenensis) from the highlands of Yemen, 91, 92. ——. Exhibition and remarks on female specimens of Barrow’s Golden-eye and of the Common Golden-eye, with text-figures, 102-104. ——. [Exhibition of a pair of the South Georgian Pintail (Nettion georgicum), together with specimens of Dajfila spinicauda and of D. eatoni for comparison, 104. ; ——. [Exhibition and remarks on the specimen of Schlegel’s Petrel ( Gistrelata neglecta) killed at Tarporley, Cheshire, 124, 125. —. Exhibition of an abnormally marked female Wigeon (Mareca penelope), 125. ——. Lxhibition and description of a new species of Ground-Robin (Erythropygia ansorgit), 134. ——. Remarks on Elminia teresita and £. longicauda, 135. ——.. Remarks on the colour and markings of the axillary plumes of the Common and American Wigeons, 135, 156. ——. Exhibition and remarks on the down of the Garganey and of the Common Teal, 142. XIX Proctor, Major F. W. Exhibition of nests and eggs from Swedish Lapland, 43, 44, ——. LExhibition of eggs, 84, 85. ——. Exhibition of nests and eges of the Dartford, Sardinian, and Moustached Warblers taken in Andalucia, S. Spain, 148. —. Exhibition of enlarged photographs of nests of various birds taken in Spain, 144. Pycrart, W. P. Remarks on his investigations of the eclipse-plumage of the Wigeon, 66, 67. Penrose, Dr. F. G. Exhibition of Lumiére autochrome slides, 113, 114. ReaD, R. H. Exhibition of a clutch of four eggs of the Spur-winged Plover (Hoplopterus spinosus) taken in Egypt, together with a skin of an adult bird, 84. Roruscuitp, Hon. Water. Exhibition of some drawings of Casso- waries and remarks on various species of the genus, 34, 35. —. Remarks on the irregular migration of the Grey Phalarope, 41. ——. Remarks on the nests of Chehkdon rufula and C. smithi, 42. —. Chairman’s Address, 52-56. ——. Remarks on the species of the genus Bradyorms: a new name, B. pallidus sharpet, proposed for the larger Abyssinian bird, 65, 66. ——. Description of a new species of Cassowary (Caswarius foerster?), 66. ——. Remarks on the “colour-change ” in feathers, 67. -—. [Exhibition of specimens of Accipiter gularis and of three species of Paradise birds to illustrate plumage-irregularities, 74, 75. ——. Remarks on the correct name of Montagu’s Harrier and exhi- bition of three copies of Albin’s ‘Natural History of Birds’ to show the great diversity in the coloration of the plates, 75, 76. —. LExhibition and description of new forms of birds from the Admiralty Islands—Minox meeki, Ceyx dispar, Pitta superba, Micropsitta meeki, Graucalus papuensis ingens, LEdolisoma amboinense rooki, E. a. admiralitatis, Zostereps admiralitatis, Rhipidura setosa niveiventris, 104-109. ——. A short account of his recent expedition to Algeria, 140. ——. Jixhibition and remarks on the three Algerian forms of Jay (Garrulus), 140. —. Exhibition and remarks on eges of Chersophilus duponti from Ain Aussera, Central Algeria, 141. ——. Remarks on the varied nesting-sites of the Desert-Sparrow (Passer simplex) found in Algeria, 143. xXx Scrater, P.L. Obituary notice and portrait; also a plate showing the silver Ibis on Globe presented to him by the members of the B.O.C., 29-31. SciaTER, W.L. Exhibition of the silver Ibis presented to the late P. L. Selater, 32. Senous, F.C. An account of the nesting-habits of the Grey Phalarope in Iceland, 41. SetTH-SmitH, D, Exhibition of lantern-slides from photographs SEE in the Zoological Gardens, London, 119. STRESEMANN, EH. Remarks on the Bacar THouse-Sparrow, 46-49. Swynnerton, C. F. M. An account of the habits of certain birds which ~ perforate the calyx of flowers in search of nectar, 132, 133. TatBot-Ponsonsy, C.G. Exhibition of a semi-albino example of the Golden Plover, 87. ——. Exhibition of a specimen of the American Goldfinch (Chryso- mitris tristis) said to have been killed on Achill Island, 137. ——. [Exhibition of varieties of the Common Partridge (Perdix perdiz), 144, TickHurst, Dr. C. B. Exhibition and remarks on the different races of the Dunlin, 98-101. —. Exhibition and remarks on female examples of Barrow’s Golden- eye and the Common Golden-eye, 101. Turner, Miss EK. L. Exhibition of lantern-slides, 114, 115. Urcuer, H. M. Response to the toast proposed by Colonel R. G. Wardlaw-Ramsay, 112, 113. UssHeErR, R. J. Obituary notice of, 52. Wauwace, Dr. A. R. Obituary notice of, 52. WaRDLAW-Ramsay, Colonel R. G. Toasts at the annual conjoint dinner of the B.O.U. and B.O.C., 112, 113. Wirnersy, H. F. On the alteration of Rule VIL, 32. ——. Exhibition of specimens of the Rook to show the various stages by which the “face” becomes bare, 68, 69. ——, Exhibition of a specimen of Tchitrea incei changing direct from the rufous plumage of the first winter to the fully white stage, 95, 94. ——. Exhibition of an erythristic variety of the Bamboo-Partridge (Bambusicola thoracica), 126. Wot.aston, A. F. R. Remarks on the specimen of Casuarius claudit obtained by the B.O.U, Expedition in Dutch New Guinea, 35. BULLETIN (of the British Ornithologists’ Club. I1.—GUIDE TO SELBORNE. Il.—Synopsis of the Life of GILBERT WHITE. By W. H. MULLENS. a > a Fey an nconla eAS aes BULLETIN OF THE Powis. ORNITHOLOGISTS CLUB. No. CXC. An Expepition to Selborne, which had been planned in connection with the 21st Anniversary of the Club, did not take place, owing to the death of Dr. Sclater. A ‘Guide to Selborne’ and ‘Synopsis of the life of Gilbert White’ which had been prepared by Major W. H. Mullens for that occasion, are now issued as a special number of the ‘ Bulletin.’ I—GUIDE TO SELBORNE. By W. H. Muttiens. Presumine the visitor to approach Selborne from Alton * the first object of interest is the Round House. This stands at the junction of the Farringdon—Alton road, and although recently merged in a block of cottages, can still be distin- euished. This ‘round house,’ which resembles a toll-bar, is one of the surviving lodge gates of Hartley Park, where in Gilbert White’s day, resided Sir Simeon Stuart, who is * Another very pleasant route is to walk from Tisted station by the footpath which starts by Old Place Farm, through Newton Valence churchyard and over Selborne Common, descending either by the Zigzag or the Borstal to Selborne village. [ October 24th, 1913. | a VOL, XXXII. Vol. xxxiii. | 2 mentioned in the ‘ Garden Kalendar,’ and whose grandfather added the fifth bell to Selborne Church peal in, 1735 (‘ Antiquities,’ Letter 1V.). No trace of the Manor House now remains. Continuing along the present Alton—Selborne road, still spoken of in Selborne village as the ‘new road,’ though made some seventy years ago, we next pass on the right Hartley Park Farm, and shortly afterwards come to Norton Farm on the same side of the road. Norton Farm is mentioned in the second letter to Pennant as possessing a magnificent ‘ broad-leaved elm’ or wych hazel, which, when felled, produced eight loads of timber, and a very fine sycamore still stands in the ‘court-yard’ of the Farm. From the road just above Norton Farm a charming view of Selborne can be obtained. Shortly after passing Norton Farm a slight dip in the road will be noticed, and the visitor should here carefully inspect the ‘ Hollow Lane’ running to the right and left of the ‘ New Road.’ It must be remembered that the whole aspect of the country round Selborne has been changed since Gilbert White’s time; the present fields were then small enclosures and the whole neighbourhood was far more densely wooded than it is at the present day. The roads were bad almost beyond belief*, the main road of Selborne village was a mere cart track, ‘ the cart-way’ White terms it in the first letter to Pennant, while in the fifth letter he describes the ‘ Hollow Lanes,’ one of which was the road to Alton in his day as ‘by the traffic of ages and the fretting of water worn down..... so that they look more like water courses than roads, and in many places they are reduced sixteen or eighteen feet beneath the level of the fields.” Ag has been already mentioned the present road from Alton to Selborne did not exist, and the traveller had either to approach Selborne by a winding ‘ Holiow Lane’ by West Wordham and Hartley, or turning aside from the Alton— Gosport road at the Horse and Jockey Inn, just short of East Tisted, he could arrive at Selborne village by a very * Gilbert White, the vicar, left by his will £200, which was expended in a solid and firm causey (causeway), cf. ‘ Antiquities,’ Letter yi, 3 [ Vol. xxxiii. precipitous and stony path which landed him in ‘Gracious Simeet *. It must also be remembered that in Gilbert White’s time Selborne village was most inaccessible on account of the wretched state of the surrounding roads. Most of the journeys made had to be performed on horseback. Gilbert White noticing as a fact worthy of record in his ‘ Garden Kalendar’ that on the 15th March, 1756, there was ‘ Brought a four-wheel’d postchaise to ye door at that early time of year. While his friend and correspondent, the Rev. John Mulso, although he paid repeated visits to Selborne, writes regularly for a guide to meet him ‘at the cross roads,’ so difficult and intricate were the tracks through the forest. Leaving Norton Farm behind we notice also on the right, the road to Farringdon, where Gilbert White served as curate for five and twenty years, and to which he rode from Selborne across the hills by the bridle path over ‘ North Field,’ and passing over the little stream, the ‘ Selborne Stream’ as Gilbert White termed it, which eventually flows into the Wey at Guildford, we enter Selborne Village. The road that branches off to the right and by which the neighbouring parish of Newton Valence can be reached, is called ‘Gracious Street,’ ‘an appellation not at all under- stood,’ as White says in the twenty-sixth letter of the ‘Antiquities.’ On entering the village we have immediately on our left the Plestor or playground referred to by White in his second letter to Pennant, and in the tenth letter of the ‘ Antiquities.’ In that letter he records that Sir Adam Gurdon and Constantia, his wife, in the year 1271 ‘ granted to the prior and convent of Selborne all his right and claim to a certain place, placea, called La Pleystow in the village aforesaid, and goes on to add ‘ this Pleystow or play-place is a level area near the church of about fourty-four yards by thirty-six.’ In the second letter to Pennant will be found an account of the Plestor and of the mighty oak which once stood in its midst and which perished in the * Cf. the map at p. 2 of Jardine’s Edition of ‘The Natural History,’ 1853, and that in Blyth’s frst Edition, 1836. 2 aea Vol. xxxiui. | 4 tempest of 1703. Hard by the Plestor is the Vicarage, built about 1840, in succession to the Parsonage House, where Gilbert White was born ; the yew-hedge in the garden should ba noticed, it was planted by Gilbert White, grand- father of the Naturalist, who as vicar, records in the Register of Baptisms, that he ‘Gilbert White took possession of ye Church June ye 23rd, 1681.’ Adjoining the Vicarage is the Church, described by Gilbert White in the third and fourth letters of the ‘ Antiquities, where some description of the Parsonage may also be found. ‘The Church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, is an ancient building of Selborne rock and Wolmer sandstone. It is a large and handsome edifice with a massive tower with five bells, a nave of four bays in the Transition Norman style, a chancel with three early English lancet windows, and a south aisle terminating in a chantry, which had an altar at its east end, the piscina and a niche for a figure remaining *.. . The roof of the chancel is of sweet chestnut, and is probably the original one.’ (Hampshire Notes and Queries, vol. vil. p. 153.) According to Gilbert White the Church dates from the time of Henry VII. Portions of it, however, including the arches and pillars, belong to a much earlier period, the date of the original building being unknown, but there certainly was a church existing at Selborne at the time of the Domesday book. The ancient font on the left when entering the Church should be noticed, as should also the oak benches in the porch, part of the old pews which were removed from the interior of the Church when it was restored. The iron-work of the church doors is very old and curious and may possibly be of Sussex manufacture. — In the south aisle or Chantry, termed by Gilbert White the South Chancel, which was originally ‘divided off by an old carved gothic framework of timber’ will be noticed some stone coffin-lids, found underneath the floor when the Church was restored, one of which bears the symbols of a Knight Templar. The * Doubtful (cf. Bell, vol. i. p. 287). ee 5 [| Vol. xxxiii. Knights Templars held an estate or preceptory at Sudington near Selborne, their order being dissolved in 1312. Here also are many encaustic tiles, which may possibly have come from Selborne Priory *, which was founded in the reign of Henry IIi. by Peter de la Roche, or from the pavement of the Chancel. In the chancel and east end of the north aisle, known in Gilbert White’s time as the North Chancel, are many memorial tablets to the White family, and in the floor of the chancel is the slate tombstone of Gilbert White the grandfather with the family arms thereon. High up on the wall of the south side of the chancel is the memorial tablet of the great Naturalist, which records that ‘ In the fifth grave from this wall are interred the remains of Gilbert White, M.A.” His grave, however, lies outside the north-east corner of the church, and the explanation of the inaccuracy is that the tablet was originally fixed outside the church on the north wall, and when brought inside for better preser- vation, was inappropriately affixed where it nowis. The pic- ture over the Altar table was presented to the Church by Benjamin White the publisher (Gilbert’s brother) in 1790, and has been recently restored. It represents the Adoration of the Magi and must formerly have been a beautiful painting; it has been variously attributed to John de Mauberge and to the school of Albert Diirer, and is believed to date from the year 1500 }. On leaving the Church, the Yew Tree close to the porch should be noticed; it is said to be some 1200 years old and one of the largest in England. At the north-east corner of the Church is the simple grass-grown grave of Gilbert White. The small and severely plain head-stone bears the inscription, ‘G. W., June 26, 1793. That on the foot- stone (to the east) is fast disappearing. Plain and humble * The site of the Priory is now occupied by the Priory Farm, where some attempts at excavation have been made. + In the 1818 edition (large paper 4to) of the ‘ Natural History’ a reproduction of this picture by John Harris, a well-known painter, is given, which shows how neglect has impaired the colouring of the original. Vol. xxxiii. | 6 as it is it forms the most suitable memorial of the Naturalist’s life and work, and it may be hoped, will still continue to do so, in spite of the schemes which have from time to time been suggested of erecting to him some more preteutious monument. The village school at Selborne, and the water- supply at the ‘ Well-head,’ to the south of the village, also record his name. As we enter the village street on leaving the Church we have in front of us ‘The Wakes,’ for so many years the residence of Gilbert White. This, as recorded in the ‘ Life’ here appended, came into his possession in 1763, he and his father having previously occupied it as tenants of the Rev. Charles White at an annual rent of £5 7s. per annum. The part of ‘The Wakes’ facing the street has been so much altered by its various owners that no semblance of the original structure remains. After Gilbert White’s death it passed into the possession of his niece, Mary White, he having originally bequeathed it to Thomas his nephew, eldest son of his brother Thomas Holt-White, but being ultimately persuaded by Benjamin the publisher to leave it to him, Benjamin left it to his unmarried daughters, of whom Mary alone never married; she died possessed of it im 1839, and in 1242 it was purchased by Professor Thomas Bell, White’s ablest editor, who resided there for forty years. He lies buried in Selborne churchyard, not far from his famous predecessor. A picture of ‘The Wakes’ as it stood in Bell’s day (view from village street) will be found as the frontis- piece of the second volume of Bell’s edition of the ‘ Natural History of Selborne,’ while the first volume gives a garden view of the house, a still older aspect of the same being given in the quarto edition, 1813, of the ‘ Natural His- tory. From these engravings can be traced the various alterations and extensions. Though all semblance of the street aspect of ‘The Wakes’ as it was in the Naturalist’s time has vanished, in that part of the house visible from the garden we can still distinguish some of the old rooms which Gilbert White used. Looked at from the garden, the old portion stands on the extreme right, the ground 7 | Vol. xxxiil. floor now used as a schoolroom was the original Kitchen, and over it was Gilbert White’s ‘drawing room,’ which he afterwards used as a bedroom and where he died. (cf. Bell, vol. ii. p. 135.) Village tradition has it that he at one time occupied the attic over this, and his study, where the ‘Natural History’ was written, lay at the back of the kitchen, as may be seen from the engraving in Bell, vol. ii. To the left of the old portion stands the ‘great parlour’ built by Gilbert White and so often mentioned by him, and on its north wall may’ be seen the stone which bears his initials and the date of its completion, 1777. His old brew- house, which the writer well remembers in its original condition, with the selfsame coppers which the Naturalist used, has but recently been turned into a dairy; it stood to the south of the old wing right on the village street. In the garden may still be seen Gilbert White’s sundial, standing on the ‘ Terrass’ facing the Hanger, and above the ‘ Ha Ha’ or sunk fence mentioned in the ‘Garden Kalendar.? A rem- nant of the fruit-wall which Gilbert White built in 1761, and the stone which marks its completion still remain, as does also the winding path of ‘ doubly baked’ bricks which led down to the summer-house in the meadow. Professor Bell, during his occupation of ‘The Wakes,’ entered in a journal, still carefully kept there, the names of all the trees he planted and the dates of such planting. Thus the trees which — stood in Gilbert White’s time can be readily identified. Beyond the garden lie the various parcels of ground which Gilbert White and his brother Thomas added from time to time to ‘The Wakes’ property. Leaving ‘The Wakes’ and immediately opposite the house, the Butcher’s Shop should be noticed. In front of this stand three ancient limes, originally four, planted by Gilbert White, March 31st, 1756—as he writes in his ‘ Garden Kalendar’ for that date—‘ Planted four limes in the Butcher’s Yard to hide the sight of blood and filth from the windows.’ The paved footway from the butcher’s shop to the blacksmith’s forge, part of which still remains, was made by him in 1762, and is recorded under date December 18th for that year in the ‘Garden Kalendar’ as Vol. xxxili. | 8 having cost ‘just ove pound.’? On the other side of the street are some old thatched cottages, part of ‘The Wakes’ estate and almost the sole surviving link with the Selborne of the past, which has been sadly modernized in recent years. | Towards the end of the village is the footpath which, branching from the village street to the right, leads to the top of the Hanger, or hanging wood, which runs parallel to the village street. This path is known as the Zigzag. It is mentioned in the second letter to Pennant and was constructed by Gilbert White and his brothers ; various entries occur in the Naturalist’s pocket book of small payments made for its construction and for placing at its top the stone now known by the name of the ‘wishing stone.’ In 1758 the entry occurs, ‘ Oct. 14. Bringing rock to Zigzag and making area.’ In Gilbert White’s time the ground to the left of the Zigzag as one ascends was clear of trees, and here stood the ‘Hermitage,’ a kind of summer-house, where Gilbert White was wont to entertain his neighbours to tea (‘Twenty-second letter to Pennant) and where brother Henry enacted the part of Hermit. The Hermitage is figured as a vignette in the original edition. Along the Hanger runs the Borstal or ‘inclining path’ mentioned in the third letter to Pennant, and on the side of the Borstal stood the new Hermitage which Gilbert White afterwards constructed, But this brief catalogue of some of the places in Selborne village most closely connected with the Naturalist’s memory should be supplemented by adding the numerous spots in the vicinity which he so often refers to in his writings: Wolmer Forest and its ponds, Oakhanger, and Oakhanger Ponds, Frensham Pond, in Gilbert White’s time ‘a great lake,’ and many other places far too numerous to mention, should be visited when time permits, in fact, all the country round Selborne should be explored—it all teems with interest to those who honour the name and memory of Gilbert White. 9 [ Vol. xxxili. II.—Synopsis of the Life of GILBERT WHITE. By W. H. Muttens. Gitpert Waite, the famous naturalist and author of ‘The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, was born at the Vicarage or Parsonage House at Selborne on 18th July, 1720 (O. 8.), where his parents were staying with his grandfather Gilbert, who was then vicar of the parish. The statement made in several of his biographies that he first saw light at ‘The Wakes,’ for so many years: his subsequent residence, being incorrect, as the following lines from his poem ‘ The Invitation to Selborne’ show :— ‘Nor be the Parsonage by the Muse forgot ; The partial bard admires his native spot.’ Gilbert White was the eldest son of John White, Barrister- at-Law (1688-1758), and of Anne (1693-1739), only child of Thomas Holt (d. 1710), Rector of Streatham, in Surrey. His grandfather, also named Gilbert (1650-1728) was the fourth son of Sir Samson White (1607-1684), who was Mayor of Oxford in 1660, and acting as the King’s Butler at the Coronation of Charles II. was knighted by that monarch. On his father’s side Gilbert White could trace his descent from the Whites of Coggs or Cogges in Oxford- shire (vide Pedigree in ‘ Life and Letters of Gilbert White,’ London, 1901, vol. ii.), and on his mother’s from the illustrious family of the Fords of Harting in Sussex (vide ‘Transactions of the South-Eastern Union of Scientific Societies,’ p. 23, 1908). Gilbert White was the eldest of eleven children, three of whom died in infancy, and those of his brothers and sisters who eall for brief notice here, owing to their close association with the naturalist of Selborne, are as follows :— (1) Thomas (1724-1797), who adopted the prefix of Holt, on inheriting the property of his godfather, Thomas Holt (not, however, the Rector of Streatham before-mentioned), receiver to the Duke of Bedford’s estate at Thorney in the ad Vol. xxxiii. | 10 - Isle of Ely. Thomas carried on a business as wholesale merchant in Thames Street, City, but retired in 1776 and took up his residence at South Lambeth. He was a man of considerable attainments, wrote on various subjects in the ‘Gentleman’s Magazine, and was elected F.R.S. in 1777. <‘It was largely at his instance and owing to his solicitations that ‘The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne’ was prepared for publication,” and he it was who reviewed his brother’s book in the ‘Gentleman’s Magazine,’ 1789, pp. 60 &c., 144 &e. (2) Benjamin (1725-1794), the publisher, of Fleet Street, who produced the ‘Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne,’ besides most of the important zoological works of his day, including those‘of Ellis, Pennant, Montagu, &c. After his retirement frdm his Fleet Street residence he settled for a time at South Lambeth, near his brother Thomas, and finally at Marelands tithe parish of Bentiey, Hants, near Selborne, where he died. He was succeeded in the publishing business by his sons, Benjamin and John, but the enterprise afterwards fell on evil times and passed out of the family. (3) John (1727-1780), who was educated at Corpus Christi, Oxford. He was ordained in 1753, married in 1754, and became chaplain to the Garrison at Gibraltar in 1756. Like his brother Gilbert, John had a keen taste for natural history ; he was a correspondent of Linnzus and Pennant on that subject, and also of his brother Gilbert. He wrote a Zoology of Gibraltar which he entitled ‘ Fauna Calpeusis,’ but it was never published and is now lost. ‘The intro- duction to this work with some of his original sketches of Gibraltar were published in the ‘Selborne Magazine,’ vol. xxii. 1912. In 1772 he became Vicar of Blackburn in Lancashire, where he died and was buried. He left a son John, known in the family as “ Gibraltar Jack,’ who was his uncle Gilbert’s pupil and amanuensis, and who subsequently became a doctor at Salisbury. (4) Henry (1733-1788), Vicar of Iyfield, near Andover, ITants. Ile kept meteorological observations at Gilbert’s 11 EWols xxxai- request for comparison with those made at Selborne, and was also addicted to the study of Natural History (vide Extracts from his diary published in ‘ Notes on the Parishes of Fyfield ...’ Salisbury, 1898). Of the sisters :— Ann (b. 1731) married Thomas Barker of Lyndon, in Rutland, whose son Samuel was a frequent correspondent of his uncle Gilbert on Natural History and kindred matters. Rebecca (b. 1726) married Henry Woods of Shipwyke and Chilgrove, near Chichester, where her brother often broke his journey going and returning to Ringmer, near Lewes, where lived his aunt Rebecca (d. 1780) the wife of Henry Snooke. Gilbert was a constant visitor to his aunt at Ringmer, and paid her at least one visit yearly till the time of her death. Many of his letters to Daines Barrington in the ‘Natural History’ were written from Delves House, her residence there. From her he inherited the tortoise “Timothy,” so often mentioned in the ‘ Natural History,’ and also landed property at Iping in Sussex. ‘ Of Gilbert’s boyhood there is but little to relate. Soon after his birth his parents removed from Selborne to Compton in Surrey, about four miles from Guildford, and remained there till 1727 ; they made a short stay at East Harting and were back in Selborne in 1730. He went to . school at Farnham, and afterwards to the Grammar School at Basingstoke, Thomas Warton (d. 1745) being Head Master. In the Easter holidays of 1736 he was probably -at Lyndon, and had already begun to make observations in natural history, if the initials in the diary of his future brother-in-law, Thomas Barker, refer to him :— 1736. March 31. A flock of wild geese flew N.—G. W. April 6. The cuckoo heard.—G. W. The list of books made by Gilbert in his pocket-book as taken to Basingstoke school in January 1788 is still extant and shows his careful and methodical habits even as a boy. In November 1740 he entered into residence at Oriel College, Oxford, as a Commoner, and graduated B.A. in 1743. Vol. xxxiii.| 12 While at Oxford he seems to have had a taste for sport, and entries occur relating to the purchase of ‘ gun flints,’ “shot charger, and ‘pair of spurs, while his friend and correspondent the Rev. John Mulso (1721-91), writing to him in after years, calls to his remembrance how he, Gilbert, was wont ‘to practise with your gun in summer to steady your hand for winter.’ In 1744 he was elected a Fellow of his college. In 1745 he passed six months at Thorney in the Isle of Ely, being one of the executors and trustees of Mr. Thomas Holt before-mentioned. He took his M.A. degree in 1746. In 1747 Gilbert White received his Deacon’s Orders from Thomas Secker, Bishop of Oxford, and at once became curate to his uncle by marriage, the Rev. Charles White at Swarraton, Hants. In October 1747 Gilbert White suffered from an attack of small-pox at Oriel, which seems to have been severe. In March 1749 Gilbert White was ordained priest in the Chapel in Spring Gardens, London, by James Beauclerk, Bishop of Hereford, acting for the Bishop of Winchester. In 1730 he paid visits to a college friend, the Rev. Nathaniel Wells, in Devonshire, and also to his relative, Francis White, D.D., - in Wiltshire, and it may be here mentioned in passing that for the time in which he lived, Gilbert White was as regards his own country, at any rate, a very considerable traveller. Essex, Norfolk, the Peak in Derbyshire, Lincoln, Kent, and Gloucestershire were all visited by him while a young man, as well as the regular visits to Ringmer, Oxford, and London which he continued to make for many years afterwards, most of his journeys being made on horseback, as he seems to have suffered from ‘stage-coach sickness’ (Life and Letters, vol. 1. p. 46), and Mulso terms him ‘hussar parson’ and ‘centaur not fabulous.’ In 1751 Gilbert commenced to keep a diary or journal headed ‘ The Garden Kalendar for the year 1751.’ At first this consisted merely of leaves of quarto notepaper fastened together, but it was afterwards in 1768 replaced by an oblong note-book with printed headings entitled ‘The Naturalist Journal, the gift of the Honourable Mr. Bar- | ley [ Vol. xxxiii. rington the Inventer’*, In 1751 Gilbert White became curate-in-charge of Selborne, the Vicar, Dr. Bristowe, being non-resident, and seems to have occupied the parsonage house. In 1752 he became Junior Proctor to his University, that office having come to the turn of Oriel; and though it seems to have been somewhat unusual for a non-resident to hold the position, his claim was recognized and he resigned his Selborne curacy accordingly. In January 1753, when Gilbert White was at Selborne for the Christmas vacation, his brother John and other members of the family seem to have been engaged in the construction of the ‘ Zigzag, that well-known zigzag path which leads to the top of Selborne Hanger, and is so familiar to all who know Selborne village. In May 1758 Gilbert White’s term as Junior Proctor expired ; he also held, about this time, the office of Dean to his College, the most important post after the Provostship. Gilbert White became a candidate for the Provostship when that office became vacant in 1757, but he was unsuc- cessiul although he seems to have had influential support. The election went in favour of Chardin, fourth son of Sir Christopher Musgrave, of Edenhall, between whom and Gilbert White there seems to have been some unpleasantness (cf. Life and Letters, vol. i. p. 74). In September 1753 Gilbert White became curate at Durley, near Bishop’s Waltham, where he resided for a year, and in October 1753 he resigned his Deanship of Oriel. In 1755 he was for a time curate of West Dene or Deane on the Wiltshire-Hampshire border, and he also seems at the same time to have held the curacy of Newton Valence, near Selborne. Towards the close of 1756 the Naturalist appears to have resigned both these curacies and to have become curate-in- charge of Selborne for the second time, when he boarded with his father at ‘The Wakes’ and only used the Vicarage for sleeping accommodation. In 1757 the perpetual curacy * Both these diaries are in the British Museum. The latter has never yet been published. . a7 Vol. xxxiti.] 14 of Moreton Pinkney in Northampton, in the gift of Oriel, fell vacant, and in the Provost’s note-book occurs the following entry :—‘ Agreed to give it to the Senior Fellow [7.e. Gilbert White] who will serve it in person.” Gilbert White was duly licensed to this living in May 1758, and in the same month he duly made his ‘declaration’ to the Bishop of Peterborough to ‘conform to the Liturgy of the Church of England.’ However, he did not go into residence at Moreton Pinkey, and the living was served by Mr. Cotton as curate. In 1757 Gilbert White was again acting as curate of Dene and Newton Valence, but the death of the Vicar of Selborne, Dr. Bristowe, which took place in 1758, found him back there again as curate-in-charge for the third time. In 1758 John White, Gilbert White’s father, died at his residence ‘The Wakes,’ directing by his Will that no monument should be erected to him, ‘ not desiring to have my name recorded save in the Book of Life.” Neglectful of his wishes, however, his descendants placed a tablet to his memory in Selborne Church in 1811, on which the date of his death is wrongly given as 1759. In October 1759 Gilbert White resigned the curacy of Selborne to Mr. Etty, the new Vicar, and set out for London and his brother-in-law’s house at Lyndon, near Rutland, where he made a visit of some six months’ duration. This was his last considerable absence from Selborne, where he was shortly to settle down for the remainder of his life. He seems to have realized about this time that Selborne would be his residence by choice, avd in 1760 we find him purchasing ‘the upper part of Lassam’s orchard’ to add to the premises of ‘The Wakes.’ In 1761 he became curate of Farringdon in Hants, near by Selborne, which he served for twenty-five years, living at ‘The Wakes’ and riding backwards and forwards to his duties by the bridle-path across the ‘North Field.” In 1763 an important event took place in the life of the naturalist ; in this year he inherited* from his uncle, * There is, however, no mention of ‘The Wakes’ in Charles White’s Will, and Gilbert inherited as “ heir at Law.” | . | See 15 [Vol. xxxiii. Charles White, ‘The Wakes,’ to whom it had come by marriage with Elizabeth, daughter of Gilbert White, the Vicar of Selborne; in Gilbert the Vicar’s Will it is described as “my house and orchard in Selborne Street, late Wakes.’ The Rev. Charles White had been Rector of Bradley, and for this living Gilbert White made unsuccessful application to Lord Chancellor Henley, in whose private patronage it lay (no doubt intending to continue to reside at Selborne if he had obtained it). This disappointment seems to have confirmed Gilbert White im his determination to remain at Selborne, since we find him in course of time declining the several college livings, of Childerton in Wiltshire, Cromhall in Gloucestershire, Swainswick in Somersetshire, Tortworth in Gloucestershire, and that of Childerton a second time, and henceforth devoting himself to his curacy, his notes on Natural History, and the improvement and the embellishment of ‘The Wakes.’ In 1765 Gilbert White commenced to study botany, purchasing Hudson’s ‘Flora Anglica,’ and in addition to his usual notes in the ‘Garden Kalendar,’ composing a ‘Calendar of Flora’ for the year 1766. We may here leave the details of his private life and turn to that part of it which possesses the greater interest for the public, viz., that which he led as a naturalist. In 1767 White had commenced to enter his notes in the ‘ Naturalist Journal’ before mentioned, and in this same year he made the acquaintance of Thomas Pennant, the well-known naturalist and author of the ‘ British Zoology.’ Tt is from the date of this acquaintanceship that White’s real work in Natural History commenced. It was most probably through his brother Benjamin, who was the pub- lisher of many of Pennant’s books, that Gilbert White entered into correspondence with that naturalist. The introduction which took place in the spring of 1767 was apparently not personal, as Gilbert White writing to Pennant in March 1771 says:—‘I shall make a point of meeting you in town. It is time now to have a little conversation face to face after we have corresponded so freely for several Vol. xxxili.] 16 years’*. However this may have been, Gilbert White commenced his correspondence with Pennant that same year, his first letter being dated 4th August, 1767. (This appeared as the tenth letter of the printed series, the others being prefixed by Gilbert White when writing his book, the dates of the original letters being also transposed in many cases.) The correspondence with Pennant continued ti]l November 1780 and comprised in all forty-four letters, and it is these letters, together with those written by Gilbert White to his other principal correspondent, Daines Barrington, which form the ‘ Natural History of Selborne’ as it appeared in the original edition. The Barrington correspondence com- menced in June 1769 and continued down to June 1787, sixty-six letters being contributed by Gilbert White. It should be remembered that Gilbert White’s published letters, at any rate to Pennant, were rewritten for the purpose of publication and differ very considerably from those of the original correspondence f. Thomas Pennant (1726-1798) was a country gentleman of good family and fortune, and resided at Downing, near Holywell, in Flintshire. He was the leading English zoologist of his day and a prolific writer on Natural History, besides being a traveller and antiquary and the author of a long series of ‘Tours’ in various parts of Great Britain. Pennant had published his first edition of the ‘ British Zoology’ in folio in 1766, and at the time when he made Gilbert White’s acquaintance he was engaged on the second edition of that work, which was published, in octavo, in 1768, in the compilation of which he freely availed himself of the information he received from Gilbert White, who, moreover, completely revised the fourth edition fer Pennant which was published in 1776. It is now the fashion to deery Pennant’s writings and to accuse him of insufficiently acknowledging White’s discoveries (cf. Bell’s Edition ‘ Natural * This passage is omitted in the printed letter of that date. + This the writer has been able to verify from examination of the White-Pennant letters in the possession of the Earl of Denbigh. 17 [ Vol. xxxiii. History of Selborne,’ vol. i. p. xii). But the charge of in- gratitude does not seem well founded; at the time when Pennant wrote such acknowledgement was rare, and Pennant was, moreover, in his own estimation and that of his con- temporaries, by far the more eminent naturalist of the two, while, in fact, in the preface to the octavo edition Pennant does ‘ generally but fully acknowledge White’s services’ (cf. p. xii. Preface and p. 498 Appendix ‘ British Zoology,’ 1768). The Hon. Daines Barrington (1727-1800), to whom the other letters in the ‘Natural History’ were addressed, was a son of John Shute, first Viscount Barrington. White made Barrington’s acquaintance in May 1769, when they met in London, the introduction being probabiy due to Pennant ; but Barrington had already forwarded to Gilbert White a copy of his ‘ Naturalist Journal’ as before men- tioned. In an unpublished passage of Letter XIII. to Pennant, January 22, 1768, White writes: ‘your friend Mr. Barrington (to whom I am an entire stranger) has been so obliging as to make me a present of one of his Naturalist’s Journals, which I shall hope to fill in the course of the year. Barrington has been described as ‘a queer compound of lawyer, antiquary, and naturalist,’ but we owe to him a considerable debt, as not only was he largely instrumental in persuading Gilbert White to publish the ‘ Natural History of Selborne’ (cf. Bell, vol. i. pp. xlviii & 1), but it was at Barrington’s suggestion that White wrote his ‘Monography of the Swallow Genus,’ and it was through Barrington’s influence that these papers were read before the Royal Society, he being a Fellow of that Institution. The late Professor Newton terms them ‘those memorable monographs, almost the earliest of their kind in zoological literature.’ They were written in 1774-5 and were printed by the Royal Society in the ‘ Philosophical Transactions,’ vol. 69, p. 258, but with many inaccuracies, as White complains (cf. Bell, vol. 1. p. 115). These papers were afterwards embodied in the letters to Barrington in the ‘ Natural History.’ Vol. xxxiti. | 18 Barrington was the author of ‘ Miscellanies, * London 1781, in which, on p. 223, he refers to White as ‘that Ingenious and observant naturalist.? Barrington ‘ with his usual perversity, chose to disbelieve in the migration of the swallow kind,’ and ‘it seems to have been his influence that from time to time disturbed White’s mind on the subject.’ Barrington had published, in his ‘ Miscellanies,’ an article ‘On the Torpidity of the Swallow Tribe when they disappear,’ but White appears to have always been inclined to credit the hibernation of these birds (cf. Letter X. to Pennant, August 4, 1767, and ‘A Garden Kalendar,’ August 25, 26, 1765), and he maintained the error to the end ; thus, writing to Marsham (Bell, vol. 11. p. 802) shortly hefore his death, he states: ‘I did noé write the letter in the Gent leman’s | Mag[azine] against the torpidity of swallows; nor would it be consistent with what I have sometimes asserted so to do.’ It is uncertain when Gilbert White first thought of publishing the letters to Pennant and Barrington, the result of his constant and careful observations, in book form. Early in 1770 Barrington must have urged him to do so, since White refers to ‘the proposal you make about my drawing up an account of the animals in this neighbour- hood,’ and continues ‘for it is no small undertaking for a man unsupported and alone to begin a natural history from his own autopsia!’ (Bell, vol. 1. p. 126). And writing to Pennant 19th July of the next year he says: ‘As to any publication in this way of my own, I look upon it with great diffidence, finding that I ought to have begun it twenty years ago. In 1774, writing to his brother John, he says (Bell, vol. ii. p. 28), ‘ Out of all my journals I think I might collect enough and such a series of incidents as might pretty well comprehend the Natural History of this district, especially as to the ornithological part, and I have moreover half a century of letters on the;same subject.’ But by the following year he would seem to have made up *TIe also wrote ‘Observations on the Statutes,’ a book well worth the attention of the curious. ite) | Vol. xxxin. his mind, for he writes that Grimm, the Swiss artist who eventually executed the plates for the ‘ Natural History,’ ‘has not appeared: the reason is because he has been detained so long in Nottinghamshire’ (Bell, vol. 11. p. 45). And in February 1776 he writes to his nephew, Samuel Barker, ‘Mr. Barr[ington] wants me to join with him in a Nat. Hist. publication; but if I publish at all I shall come forth by myself” A few weeks later Grimm was at Sel- borne taking views of the ‘ Hermitage’ and other places, subsequently engraved for the volume, and remaining there twenty-seven days. In 1777 White was in consultation with an engraver as to the cost of producing Grimm’s drawings in quarto, and in this same year he suffered from a severe illness in London which must have seriously interfered with his work, on which he was now earnestly engaged. Mulso, writing under date June Ist, 1777, says: “As I do not see any advertisement in the Papers, I conclude hy ye time of year that you have deferred your Publication till next Winter. I wish you had not: Your Brother Ben | the publisher] is a timid man and you your- self are too modest and nice’ (cf. Mulso letters, p. 269). To Mulso’s regret White resolved to add the ‘ Antiquities ” to the ‘ Natural History’ (cf. Mulso letters, p. 294), and this no doubt considerably retarded the publication. In the account of the antiquities White was greatly assisted by Richard Chandler (1738-1810), the celebrated Greek traveller and antiquary, and he also received valuable assistance from Ralph Churton (1754-1831), as appears by their correspondence first published by Bell. In 1780, writing to Samuel Barker, his nephew, he complains of the want of a good amanuensis, and that ‘ much writing and trans- eribing always hurts me.’ Progress was, however, very slow, and it is not till early in 1788 that he informs the same correspondent ‘I have been very busy of late and have at length put my last hand to my Nat. Hist.’ However, the book did not appear till December of that year (the date on the title-page is 1789), when Mulso, writing to White, December 15th, 1788, says ‘I was obliged Vol. xxxiii. | 20 to yr brother Benjamin for sending me yr Selborne so early. The book was published in quarto: in 1774 he had written to his brother John with reference to the latter's ‘Fauna Calpensis *-—‘ You must publish a quarto work ; every man now publishes in quarto’ (cf. Bell, vol. i. p. 33). It was bound in boards with a label at the back entitled ‘White’s Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne.’ The price of the volume, which was printed by T. Bensley for B. White and Son, at Horace’s Head, Fleet Street, being one guinea. The book proved an immediate success and brought White into correspondence with some of the leading scientific men of the day, including George Montagu (1752-1815), the famous ornithologist, who wrote to White, May 21, 1789, that he had been ‘greatly entertained’ by the ‘Natural History,’ and addressed his letter to ‘ Gilbert White, Esq.,’? being unaware that his correspondent was in Holy Orders (Bell, vol. ii. p. 236). The next year brought another correspondent, Robert Marsham, F.R.S. (1708- 1797), of Stratton-Strawless in Norfolk, with whom he continued to correspond until the year of his death*, not- withstanding that he had informed Barrington in his last letter to that correspondent that ‘ I shall here take a respectful leave of you and natural history together.’ This correspondence has fortunately been preserved (two letters only are missing, both unfortunately by White) and was first published in the ‘Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists’ Society, 1875-6, vol. il. pp. 183-195. As _ Professor Newton writes—‘ This correspondence is a fitting sequel to that between himself and Pennant and Barrington. ‘O that I had known you forty years ago!’ is one of White’s exclamations to Marsham, the significance of which may be seen when read in connection with that passage in his earliest letters to Pennant (10th August, 1767) wkerein he wrote ‘It has been my misfortune never to have had any neighbours whose studies have led them towards the pursuit of Natural knowledge.’ * The last letter being dated only eleven days before his death. 21 [ Vol. xxxiii. To return to White’s private life: of his last years there is but little to relate ; during this period his sister-in-law, the widow of his brother John, who had died in 1780, kept house for him at Selborne, and his door was con- stantly open to the various members of his family, whom he liked to entertain in kindly fashion, as he felt became his position as head of the family. No portrait of Gilbert White is known to exist, and though various supposed likenesses in the shape of paintings have appeared from time to time the whole weight of evidence is against their authenticity (¢f. articles by Rashleigh Holt-White, ‘The Selborne Magazine, May and June 1913). He is thus described by his nephew, Francis White, in the preface to Bell’s edition, p. lviii: ‘ He was only five feet three inches in stature, of a spare form and remarkably upright carriage. The expression of his countenance was as those who knew him have recorded, intelligent, kindly, and vivacious, his constitution sound and vigorous, his manners courteous and affable.’ He died after a short illness on the 26th June, 1798, having officiated at the funeral of a parishioner but a few days previously ; the last entry in the Parish Register of Selborne* signed by him being as follows :—‘ Mary Busbey, aged 16 of this Parish, was buried June 10, 1793 Registered June 10 by me, Gil. White, Curate.’ The next entry in the register being that of his own burial, which took place on July Ist, the service bemg conducted by Mr. Taylor, the Vicar. On the 15th of the previous month he had written to Marsham the ominous words—‘ The season with us is unhealthy.’ ‘The Natural History of Selborne’ has attained a position reached by few books in the English language ; the cause of this great and growing popularity is difficult to determine. and though many explanations have been attempted none of them seems altogether satisfactory. To quote Professor Newton (Private Reprint from Dict. Nat. Biog.): ‘That White’s ‘Selborne’ is the only work * He had become curate-in-charge of Selborne for the fourth time in 1784. (He was never Vicar.) Vol. xxxii. | 22 on Natural History which has attained the rank of an English classic is admitted by general acclamation, as well as by competent critics, and numerous have been the attempts to discover the secret of its ever-growing repu- tation. Scarcely two of them agree, and no explanation whatever offered of the charm which invests it can be accepted as in itself satisfactory. If we grant what is partially true, that 1t was the first book of its kind to appear in this country, and therefore had no rivals to encounter before its reputation was established, we find that alone nsufficient to account for the way in which it is still wel- comed by thousands of readers, to many of whom—and this especially applies to its American admirers—scarcely a plant or an animal mentioned in it is familiar, or even known but by name. Goldsmith’s ‘ Animated Nature’ was begun in 1769, two years after the commencement of White’s cor- respondence with Pennant, and in the very year in which White first wrote to Barrington. ‘That book appeared in 1774, when the correspondence was all but concluded and the monographs were ready for the Royal Society. One author conld not have been influenced by the other. Goid- smith’s work was one of the most profitable of his literary undertakings, and was at once popular beyond anything of the kind before published; but no one reads it now, and, what is more, no one could conscientiously edit it without having to add notes that would expose the author to ridicule on one point after another. He could only translate and travesty Buffon, and the man who on so many subjects “wrote like an angel’ could not touch the works of Nature without deforming them. Yet none can deny there is a charm, an old-fashioned fragrance even, im Goldsmith’s ‘Auimated Nature, the only work of that age with which White’s can be compared. But taking the latter’s ‘ Selborne,’ of the hundreds of statements therein recorded, the number which are undoubtedly mistaken may be counted almost on the fingers of one hand. ‘The gravest is perhaps that on the formation of honeydew (Letter LXIV.to Barrington); but it was not until some years later that the nature of that sub- 99 [ Vol. xxxuli. stance was discovered in this country by Curtis (Trans. Linn. Soc. vi. pp. 75-91), and was not made known until nearly a twelvemonth after its discoverer’s death ; while we have editor after editor, many of them well-informed or otherwise competent judges, citing fresh proofs of White’s industry and accuracy. That he wasa prince among observers, nearly always observing the right thing in the right way, is a very great merit ; but not a few others have been as industrious and as accurate without attaining the rank assigned to him. Good-natured reviewers are apt to say of almost any new book on observational natural history that the author has studied in White’s school, and to prophesy the success of a work which they declare has been written on the model of ‘Selborne.? Such an author has frequently the gift of writing agreeably, and has occasionally been a fair naturalist. though too often there is a tendency to observe the wrong thing or in the wrong way; but the best of these men does not come near White. He had a genius for observing, and for placing before us in a few words the living being he observed. In addition to his excellence in this respect, it is also evident that he was not only all that was meant by the old phrase ‘a scholar and a gentlemen,’ but was a philosopher of no mean depth. It seems, however, as though the com- bination of all these qualities would not necessarily give him the unquestioned superiority over all other writers in the same field. The secret of the charm of his writings must be sought elsewhere; but it has been sought in vain. Some have ascribed it to his way of identifying himself in feeling with the animal kingdom, though to this sympathy there were notable exceptions. Some, ike Lowell, set down the ‘natural magic’ of White to the fact that, ‘open the book where you will, it takes you out of doors’; but the same is to be said of other writers who yet remain comparatively undistinguished. It may be certainly averred that his style, a certain stiffness characteristic of the period being admitted, is eminently unaffected, even when he is ‘didactic, as he more than once apologises for becoming, and the same simplicity is as observable in his letters to members of his Vol. xxxiii. | 4 family, which could never have been penned with the view of publication, and have never been retouched, as in those which he addressed to his stately correspondents, Pennant and Barrington, for use in their works. Then, too, there is the complete absence of self-importance or self-consciousness. The observation or the remark stands on its own merit, and gains nothing because he happens to be the maker of it, except it be in the tinge of humour that often delicately pervades it. The beauties of the work, apart from the way in which they directly appeal to naturalists, as they did to Darwin, grow upon the reader who is not a naturalist, as Lowell testifies, and the more they are studied the more they seem to defeat analysis.’ To this it may be added that Gilbert White wrote of Nature as he. saw it at first hand, and not from the opinions and observations of other men; to use his own words (Letter X. to Barrington): ‘ Faunists as you observe, are too apt to acquiesce in bare descriptions, and a few synonyms: the reason is plain; because all that may be done at home ina man’s study, but the investigation of the life and conversation of animals, is a concern of much more trouble and difficulty, and is not to be attained but by the active and inquisitive, and by those that reside much in the country.’ Enough perhaps has been said about the general interest of the ‘ Natural History,’ but the far reaching and important influence which its appearance exercised on the study of Ornithology m Great Britain deserves more than passing attention ; not only may it safely be said to have done more to promote a love of Ornithology in this country than any other work that has been written, but it did so at atime when such an incentive was sorely needed. The latter half of the eighteenth century had seen the appearance of several costly and ambitious Ornithological works, of which Catesby’s ‘Natural History of Carolina’ was the forerunner, which, dealing with rare and exotic species and depicting them in highly coloured plates, had to a large extent deflected the attention of Ornithologists from the study of their native birds, and had turned the thoughts and enterprise of observers 25 [ Vol. xxxii. and collectors to the strange and gorgeous specimens of far distant and tropic climes. There was, in fact, a danger cf considering the study of British Ornithology as an explored and exhausted subject, and one which had nothing more te yield to the enquirers Pennant, the leading authority of the day, had followed the prevailing fashion; with the completion of the fourth edition of his ‘ British Zoology,’ which appeared in 1776, he had turned his attention elsewhere, and having completed the second edition of his ‘Indian Zoology,’ and compiled three volumes of an ‘ Arctic Zoology’ on second- hand information, was ‘contemplating an ambitious work entitled the ‘ Outlines of the Globe,’ which was to have been completed in 14 folio volumes. At the time, moreover, when the ‘ Natural History of Selborne’ appeared the literature of British Ornithology may be said to have fallen to the lowest depth in its history. The spirit of enterprise and research which had been inspired by Ray and Willughby had passed away, and it is only necessary to mention the names of the pretentious but absolutely worthless compilations* of the period to show how badly a new and revivifying force was needed. The revival that followed the appearance of the ‘Natural History’ was owing entirely to the example of Gilbert White ; his work it was that inspired George Montagu to write his famous ‘ Ornithological Dictionary’ and later directly influenced the labours of MacGillivray and Yarrell. It had, moreover, an important effect in directing the attention of naturalists to the objects of their immediate neighbourhood and thus stimulating the production of the numerous local Faunas which have played such an important part in the study of British Ornithology. That White had the intelligence to comprehend how much was to be done in this direction is obvious to all careful readers of his work ; * Tt must here suffice to mention William Hayé’s ‘ Natural History of British Birds, London, 1775, 1 vol., imp. folio. John Walcott’s «Synopsis of British Birds, London, 1789, 2 vols.,4to. William Lewin’s ‘Birds of Great Britain,’ London, 1789, 7 vols., imp. 4to. Thomas Lord’s ‘ Entire New System of Ornithology, or Oecunemical History of British Birds,’ London, 1791, 1 vol., folio., and Edward Donoyan’s ‘Natural History of British Birds,’ London, 1794, 10 vols., 8vo. : Vol. XXviil. | 26 two passages in particular may be quoted which are as out- standingly true to-day as they were when they were written. The first occurs in the advertisement to the ‘ Natural History’ and is as follows : ‘He is also of opinion that if stationary men would pay some attention to the districts on which they reside, and would publish their thoughts respecting the objects that surround them, from such materials might be drawn the most complete county-histories ....7 And the second forms part of the VIIth Letter to Barrington ; ‘Men that undertake only one district are much more likely to advance natural knowledge than those that grasp at more than they can possibly be acquainted with; every kingdom, every province, should have its own monographer. The ‘ Natural History of Selborne’ has passed through more than a hundred editions, and still continues to be published. The best bibliographies on the book are those of Professor Newton in ‘ Notes and Queries,’ 1877-8 (5th ser- vols. vii. to ix.) and of Mr. Davies Sherborn (Sharpe’s edition, 1900, vol. 11. p. 349). (Cf. also a list of Bibliographies of the writings of Gilbert White by Hugh Boyd Watt. ‘The Selborne Magazine,’ p. 198, No. 239, 1909.) In conclvsion a few words may be added as to Gilbert White’s observations and discoveries as a field naturalist. He devoted most of his attention to Ornithology, but the other branches of Zoology were not neglected by him, and his study of botany has already been referred to. To Gilbert White we owe the addition of the Harvest Mouse, Mus minutus, to the list of British Mammals, and he was also the first English observer to publish and describe the Noctule, Pipistrellus noctula : but as Bell writes (vol. 1. p. 33), he was not sufficiently acquainted with the zoological literature of the Continent to be aware that as early as 1759 Daubenton had described it in the Memoirs of the Academy, with a ficure of its head, and that Buffon had subsequently, but before White’s discovery, given it a place in his great work, a7 [I Molesxcxxanrs with a plate (vol. viii. p. 128, pl. 18). His most interesting and important observations in Ornithology were on the three ‘Willow-Wrens,’ and it is to him that we owe the first clear distinction between the Willow-Wren, Chiffchaff, and Wood-Wren (cf. Yarrell, ‘ British Birds,’ 4th: Ed. vol. 1, p- 427). He also devoted considerable time and attention to the habits of the Cuckoo and the Nightjar or Fern-Owl as he called it, and made observations on the protective re- semblance of the young of the Stone-Curlew (Letter XVI. to Pennant): ‘The young run immediately from the egg like partridges, etc., and are withdrawn to some flinty field by the dam, where they skulk among the stones, which are their best security ; for their feathers are so exactly of the colour of our grey spotted flints, that the most exact observer, unless he catches the eye of the young bird, may be eluded.’ His conjectures as to the descent of the domestic Pigeon ‘from the small blue Rock-Pigeon, Columba livia, and not from the Wood-Pigeon, C. palumbus, or Stock-Dove, C. wnas, are especially worthy of mention. The careful reader of the ‘Natural History’ will, however, best discover its treasures for himself, and owing to the extremely defective index of the work and of most subsequent editions he will find close attention well repaid. BULLETIN OF THE Peetist ORNITHOLOGISTS CLUB. No. CXCI. I. Obituary. The late Puitie Lutiey ScuatEr, By the death of Paiuie Lutury Scrater, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., a distinguished figure has been lost to science, and the British Ornithologists’ Club has lost its Chairman. This office he had held since the formation of the Club in 1892. Sclater was born at Tangier Park, Hampshire, in November 1829, and he was educated at Winchester and Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1849, and was sub- sequently elected a Fellow of his College. He was called to the Bar in 1855 and went on the Western Circuit for several years. In 1859 Sclater was elected Secretary of the Zoologicai Society, to which the greater part of his life’s work was dedicated. During the forty-three years that he held that post, the Society gained immensely in numbers and prosperity, and the collection of animals in the gardens at Regent’s Park became the most complete in the world. Of the vast mass of work dealing with a great variety of different subjects *, which Sclater dealt with during his long life, it is not very easy to say which is the most important, but it is probable that his work on Zoogeography and the Classification of Birds will be longest remembered. In * A detailed list of Sclater’s published papers on Ornithology appears in ‘ The Ibis’ for October 1913. October 24th, 1918. Ce AA EOS SEDI, ? OX 4 OD EDT! INTs 5 ' ‘ NO\ = Vol. xxxii. | 30 1858 he published his essay on the six geographical regions, and in 1899 he elaborated the subject in conjunction with his son, W. L. Sclater. But it is with his work in connec- tion with Ornithology that this short notice must mainly deal. In 1856, 757, and 758 Sclater attended the annual conferences on birds with Newton, Tristram, Gurney, and others, and when in the latter year the British Ornitholo- gists’ Union was formed he was elected one of the twenty original members, and was appointed the first editor of ‘The tbis.. With the exception of the second and third series, 1865 to 1876, Sclater’s name appears, either alone or in conjunction with Salvin, Howard Saunders, and A. H. Evans, as editor of every volume of ‘The Ibis’ until the end of 1912, when he relinquished the task. His keen interest in geography and travel led to his being a constant attendant at meetings of the Royal Geographical Society, where he served on the Council, and was instru- mental in turning the thoughts of many travellers to zoology as well as exploration. One of the outstanding features throughout his career was the great interest he took in young students of orpvithology and the help which he always gave in guiding them in their studies. His uniform kindness to foreign ornithologists made his name revered throughout the world, for he spared no trouble or fatigue . in helping them to accomplish their wishes when visiting England. His great pleasure was to know that he had assisted them to carry out their scientific objects and rendered their stay either i England or in the Colonies more pleasant and profitable. His hospitality to ornitholo- gists in general, and to foreigners im particular, was inex- haustible and spontaneous. Nota few members of this Club will remember with gratitude the advice and encourage- ment he gave them on setting forth on their travels, and the genuine interest with which he heard of their doings in different parts of the world. As Chairman of the British Ornithologists’ Club he was very regular in his attendance at its meetings, and his inaugural address at the beginning of each Session, when he gave an account of the doings of sa ~ | 4 o BULL. B. O. C. VOL. XXXII. PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER, UA., DSc, E.R.S., Born 4th November, 1829. Died 27th June, 1913. BULL. B.O.C. VOL. XXXIII. Silver Ibis on Globe presented to JPIGHIGITE IO(WIICII IE NOULAIITTE, Wk, JPeID.. JOTR. by the Members of the Club, 11TH June, 1913. ol [ Vol. xxxiii. himself and of other ornithologists, was always listened to with interest by his “brother Ibises.’ When the Club celebrated its twenty-first anniversary in June last, it was hoped that he would be present to receive an address from the members, and a present of a silver [bis in grateful recognition of his long and valued services to the Club. Mr. W. L. Sclater, in acknowledging the address, informed the meeting that his father was unfortunately ill as the result of a carriage accident, and it was with real sorrow that we learnt a few days later that he had died on June 27th. Sclater’s grim and rugged face and his penetrating cry of ‘ Order, Order” will long remain in our memories. Tre hundred and eighty-eighth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 8th of October, 1913. Chairman: Hon. W. Roruscuitp, Ph.D., F.R.S. Members present :—. C. Stuart Baxer, D. A. Banner- MAN, G. Baynes, E. Bipwett, S. Boorman, C. D. Borner, P. F. Bunyarp, C. Cuuss, A. Contert, EH. V. Earwe, H. J. Etwes, F.R.S., H. O. Forses, LL.D., F. W. Fronawe, Pure Gossz, F. H. C. Goutp, Rev. J. R. Hatz, Major H. H. Harineton, E. Harrtert, Ph.D., G. B. Hony, T. Ingparez, Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain, G. C. Lampert, G. E. Lopes, G. A. Macmitian, W. E. F. Macmittan, G. M. Martuews, E. G. B. Meapse-Watpo, P. W. Munn, Sir Horacz C .Munro, K.C B., H. Munt, T. H. Newman, W. R. Ocitviz-Grant (Editor), T. Parkin, C. E. Pearson, Major F. W. Proctor, F. R. Rarcuirr, C. B. Rickert, A. D. Sapswortn, G. Scuwann, W. L. Scrater, F. C. Sexrovs, D. Sera-Smiru, E. F. Sranrorp, S. L. Wuymrrr, J. Wiixinson, H. F. Wirnersy (Sec. & Treas.), A. F. R. Woxitaston, Dr. C. W oopHouse. Visitors :—F. R. 8S. Baxenpate, J. Borrer, Dr. H. N. Coreanr, (CH. Facan, 1-8.0., A. Lyeru; DD. Lyern, E. Srresemann, G. W. Teacue. a2 Vol. xxxui. | 32 The Secretary drew attention to an alteration in Rule vii., which had been made at a Committee Meeting held on the 18th of August. The Rule, as altered, would be found printed on page vi of Volume xxx. The Secretary also announced that at the same Meeting the following Officers and Committee had been elected :— The Hon. Water RoruscHiip, Chairman. W. R. Ocitvie-Grant, Editor. H. F. Wirnersy, Secretary and Treasurer. E. G. B. Meapn-Watpo, Vice-Chairman | (in place of EK. Hartert, retiring by seniority). Members of the C. B. Ricxerr. ae + Cannineees W. L. Scrater, Editor of ‘ The Ibis, Vice-Chairman. N. F. Ticznurst. J Mr. W. L. Sctarter exhibited the silver centre-piece repre- senting an Ibis standing on a globe, which had been pre- sented by the Members of the Club to the late Dr. P. L. Sclater. When shown at the June meeting it had been in an unfinished state, and he thought that those present would like to have an opportunity of seeing their gift now that it had been completed. Mr. W. R. Oeitviz-Grant said that he was indebted to the kindness cf Mr. Alfred Heneage Cocks for the loan of eight examples of the Spitsbergen Ptarmigan (Lagopus hyperboreus Sundevall), five of which he had brought for exhibition, together with specimens in summer-plumage of the Common Ptarmigan (L. mutus), the Rock-Ptarmigan (L. rupestris), and the Ryper or Willow-Grouse (L. lagopus), for comparison. Though first described by Sundevall in 1845, the Spits- bergen Ptarmigan was still a very rare species in collections, and the British Museum possessed two examples only—the type-specimen of L. hemileucurus Gould, an adult female 33 [ Vol. xxxiii. killed in summer, and an immature bird. No additional specimens had been added to the National Collection since the Catalogue of the Game-Birds had been published in 1893. All but one of the specimens lent by Mr. Cocks had been collected by Mr. Abel Chapman in July 1881 and by him- self in September 1882 (ef. ‘ Zoologist,’ 1882, p. 407; 1888, p. 482), and included examples of both sexes in summer-- and autumn-plumage. It would be noted that in this species from high latitudes the summer- and autumn- plumages were only partially assumed, and were more or less thickly interspersed with white feathers: also that the rufous colour of the summer- and autumn-plumages resembled that of L. rupestris, but was of a somewhat paler tint. Mr. Abel Chapman in ‘Wild Norway,’ pp. 185-6, had stated that L. hyperboreus was a Willow-Grouse and not a Ptarmigan, and that its cry, as well as the size of its bill and claws, clearly proved its affinities with the Willow- Grouse. The cry he described as a Grouse-like bec, bec, but lower and more subdued than that of the Willow-Grouse. ~ It would be seen, however, on comparison that the some- what slender bill of ZL. hyperbureus resembled that of the Ptarmigan and not of the Grouse, and that in the Spits- bergen bird the male had a black patch in front of the eye, -and was undoubtedly a larger and longer-tailed form of the Rock-Ptarmigan, L. rupestris. The Grouse-like voice de- scribed by Mr. Chapman no doubt indicated an affinity with the other section of the genus Lagopus. A full description and plate of this species would be found in Koenig’s ‘ Avifauna Spitzbergensis,’ p. 154, pl. iv. (1911). On behalf of Mr. Joun N. Kennepy, R.N., Mr. Ocinvis- Grant read the following description of a new subspecies of Goldfinch from Bermuda. Mr. Kennedy proposed to name it CARDUELIS CARDUELIS BERMUDIANA, Subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to C.c. parva Tsch., but distinguished by its darker coloration. The back and rump dark umber- brown; the breast, sides of body, and flanks umber-brown, Vol. xxxiii. | 34 inclining to dark buff on the chest; much darker than in C. c. parva. In size it is almost identical with C. c. parva. Bill light horn-colour, tip dark brown ; iris dark brown ; legs and feet brown. Culmen 1] mm.; wing 74; tail 45 ; tarsus ]5. Adult female. Darker than the female of C. ec. parva. Bill pale horn-colour, tip dark brown ; iris dark brown ; legs and feet light brown, Culmen 11 mm.; wing 71; tail 45; tarsus 14. Type in the British Museum: @. Ireland Island, Ber- muda, 23. xii. 12. Collected and presented by J. N. Kennedy, R.N. Mr. Ogilvie-Grant remarked that the Goldfinch had been introduced into the Bermuda Islands at some unknown date. Captain Savile Reid recorded one observed near Harrington Sound in April 1875 [ cf. ‘ Zoologist,’ 1877, p.412, & ‘ Auk,’ Xvi. p. 255 (1901) |. The propriety of giving names to birds which had become darker or lighter in plumage, when introduced by man into new localities, was questioned by several Members. The Hon. Watrer RoruscHitp said that he had recently re-examined the type-specimen of the Cassowary which he named Casuarius mitratus, as well as the coloured drawings and photographs now exhibited. He had come to the con- clusion that if C. philipi was to be treated as a species, he was wrong in describing C. mitratus as a subspecies of C. unappendiculatus ; and it must be given full specific rank. His error was due to the fact that when the description was drawn up the bird was alive, and had not reached its full growth and colour. He also exhibited coloured drawings of C. keyssert and C. picticollis hecki, and drew attention to the differences in young and old examples of C. keysseri. With regard to C. p. hecki, the drawing of the adult type, made from life by Keulemans, appeared very different from that made by Mr. Grénvold from the young bird now living in the Gardens of the Zoological Society of London. In addition ha WO STR 5, 35 [ Vol. xxxiii. to the differences due to age, there seemed to be some errors of coloration, owing to the fact that Keulemans preferred, when drawing from life, to make a number of sketches, and to complete the finished pictures at home. The four species or subspecies of the C. picticollis group were very interesting, for they replaced one another geographically, and also showed parallel variation. C. picticollis in British New Guinea and _ C. p. heckt in German New Guinea were birds of the lowland forests and foot-hills, and. had the fore-neck almost entirely blue, while C. lorie and C. keyssert were birds of the high mountain ranges, and had the fore-neck extensively coloured with red and pink. Mr. Roruscnitp also remarked that the specimen of C. claudii killed by Mr. Meek on the Utakwa River had been obtained at an altitude of about 3000 feet. Only the head and neck of this specimen had been preserved, but he had recently received a complete adult specimen of C. claudiz, which had been imported some years ago as a young bird, and had recently died in captivity. In reply to an enquiry by Mr. Rothschild, Mr. A. F. R. Wo ttaston said :— “The specimen of C. claudii obtained by the B. O. U. Expedition was shot on the Iwaka River at an altitude of about 2000 ft. ‘Two or more others were seen in the same neighbourhood at altitudes below 3000 ft. The jungle there is of a comparatively open character and the hill-slopes not particularly steep. Above 3000 ft. the undergrowth is excessively dense and the hillsides too steep for the passage of large birds. No example of this species was obtained by the Utakwa Expedition, though I saw a bird at 2000 ft., which, judging by its tracks, was probably C. claudi. The natives who live in the mountains between 4000 and 6000 ft. adorn themselves with feathers of Cassowaries, but they always declared that they obtained them only from the low country, in which case they were probably the feathers of C. sclateri. Vol. xxxiii. | 36 Mr. E. C. Sruarz Baker exhibited a nest and 4 eggs of Chetura sylvatica and also a clutch of 3 eggs of Chetura indica, both of which had been taken by Mr. J. Stewart of Aneichardi, Travancore, and presented by him to the exhibitor. Mr. Stuart Baker also made the following remarks upon the nidification of the genus generally and upon these two species in particular :— “‘ Hitherto the only known Asiatic eggs of this genus, with the exception of some imperfect oviduct eggs in my own collection, are those of Chetura caudacuta, but in 1912 Mr. T. R. Bell discovered that Chetura sylvatica bred inside large hollow trees, and during the course of the year took eggs and nests of this species. This year Mr. J. Stewart has discovered further breeding-places of C. sylvatica, and also of the large species C. indica, and has been good enough to send me specimens of both. “ All his eggs, some three or four clutches of each, have been taken from hollow trees, but whilst C. sylvatica builds beautiful little nests like the one I now exhibit, C. indica appears either to make the roughest of nests on ledges inside the stems of rotten trees, or else lays its eggs in hollows on the top of the accumulated rubbish which always lies in a dense pile at the bottom of the trees. The nest of C. sylvatica is made entirely of tiny twigs or stems of dead leaves fastened together and to the side of the tree by inspis- sated saliva. “In 1890 I discovered Chetura indica breeding in small hollow tunnels connecting deserted limestone quarries with one another. These quarries were some which appeared to have been worked many generations ago by the hill tribes, and were overgrown with dense jungle, and a favourite haunt of bears. The nest and young then discovered I described in 1896 in the ‘Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society,’ x. p. 549, but the eggs I failed to find. “‘ According to Mr. Stewart the birds, of both species, lay from two to four eggs in a clutch. They are, of course, white, but the eggs of the two species differ greatly, not only in size but in texture. The small eggs are im all respects like 37 [ Vol. xxxlil. those of Collocalia and measure about 17°6 x 12:4 mm., whilst the large ones are about 30°05 x 22 mm.; their shell is of a very curious texture, almost like that of the egg of the Lark-heeled Cuckoo (Centropus). The surface is intensely smooth and at the same time almost chalky, and though the grain is very fine the shell is exceptionally stout for the size of the egg. “Both species appear to breed from December to March, but Mr. Stewart thinks it more than probable that with further experience of their habits he will have to extend that period very greatly.” Mr. D. A. Bannerman gave the following account of his recent visit to the Canary Islands :— “T spent the greater part of May and June this year in the Eastern Canary Islands collecting birds for the British Museum. During the latter part of the trip I stayed for a week on the small uninhabited Island of Montafia Clara and sent my taxidermist to Allegranza. ‘We visited these islands mainly im search of Petrels, and certainly never expected to find a new Passerine bird. “Soon after we landed on Montafia Clara we shot a pair of Chats and subsequently obtained several on Allegranza, where they were very plentiful. ““ When I first examined them in the flesh I thought they were examples of Saxicola dacotie, but a minute examination of a large series, in which I was assisted by Mr. Ogilvie- Grant, proved them to belong to a distinct subspecies, which I propose to name after my wife: “¢ SAXICOLA DACOTI# MURIELR. “The chief points in which it differs from the Fuerte- venturan Chat are the following :— «The breast and belly are isabelline instead of whitish ; the rust-coloured chest-patch is wanting ; and the crown is lighter and of a more reddish-brown, especially at the com- mencement of the autumn-moult. « An adult male in worn plumage killed on Allegranza on the 12th of June at the commencement of the autumn-moult ad Vol. xxx] 38 differs from an adult male of Sawicola dacotie killed on Fuerteventuraon the 17th of June, in having the crown lighter and of a more reddish-brown, not contrasting strongly with the rest of the upperparts. The underparts from the chest downwards are nearly uniform vinaceous-bulf, rather more deeply coloured on the upper part of the chest, while in Savicola dacotie the chest-patch is of a rather more rusty tint and the belly and flanks are usually much paler and incline to whitish. “In full autumn-plumage this new subspecies nearly resembles the Fuerteventura bird, but may be distinguished by having the dark bases of the feathers of the crown more restricted and much less pronounced and, as already mentioned, the breast and belly are isabelline, instead of whitish. “Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black ; exposed portion of culmen 11 mm.; wing 65; tarsus 23. “ Hab. The Islands of Montayia Clara and Allegranza in the Eastern Canary Group. “Types in the British Museum. Allegranza, ¢, 12.vi.13. ?, 10.vi.13 (coll. D. A. Bannerman). “Twelve specimens were collected, both adult and immature birds. “The second bird which I have to describe is a geo- graphical race of the Common Linnet. My attention was first called to this form by Mr. Meade-Waldo before I left England and subsequently by Dr. Hartert, who very kindly sent me for examination the entire series from the Tring Museum. With some thirty specimens collected by myself, and with those in the British Museum I have had altogether about a hundred birds for comparison. An examination of this large series clearly shows that the Linnet from the Eastern Canary Islands, 2. e., Fuerteventura, Lanzarote, and the smaller outlying islets, differs from the bird found in the Western Canary Islands, Madeira and Porto Santo, which latter subspecies has already been separated as Acanthis cannabina nana. z ¥ b % i ¥ : 39 [Vol. xxxiil. “T propose to name the eastern subspecies “* ACANTHIS CANNABINA HARTERTI, subsp. n. in honour of Dr. Hartert. «The main points in which this bird differs from Acanthis cannabina nana are the following :— “The upperparts are several shades lighter, and lack the particularly rich colourmg of the Western Island form ; the sides and flanks lack the deep chestnut markings and are less boldly streaked with light brown; and the white area on the belly is more extended. “ Hab. Fuerteventura, Lanzarote, Graciosa and Alle- granza. “Type in the British Museum. Lanzarote, g, 25.v.13 (coll. D. A. Bannerman). “The fact that the bird from the Eastern Islands differs from that found in the Western Islands is not surprising if we take into consideration the all important fact, the physical characteristics of the group. -Whereas the Western Canary Islands are mountainous, well-watered and highly productive, the Eastern Islands are for the most part flat, and consist chiefly of desert land. “ At a future meeting of the Club I hope to make some remarks on the Petrels which we found breeding in the Eastern Islands.” Mr. E. G. B. Muapvz-Watpo said that many years ago he had drawn attention to the differences between the Linnets found in the Eastern Group of the Canary Islands and those of the Western Group, and had especially noted the fact that males on the Island of Fuerteventura had, as a rule, little red on the breast in the breeding-season ; while the birds procured by him in Lanzarote were coloured as In the ordinary form. In connection with the occurrence of the new race of Chat found on Montafa Clara and Allegranza, and the Linnet found in the Eastern Canary Islands, the Cuarrman remarked that many other similar instances were known of Vol. xxxiui. | 40 distinct forms being found on very small islands. The tiny islet known as Stephen Island, Cook Strait, New Zealand, was imhabited by a different Rock Wren (Traversia) from that found on the main islands of New Zealand. Dr. P. R. Lowe sent for exhibition an example of the Grey Phalarope (Crymophilus fulicarius) and forwarded the following notes :— “This specimen of the Grey Phalarope flew on board the yacht ‘Sapphire,’ R.Y.S., 200 miles to the north of the Cape Verde Islands, while we were on a passage from St. Vincent to the Canaries, homeward bound from the West Indies ; the exact position being Lat. 21:11 N. Long. 22°55 W., and the date being the 4th of April, 1905. “1 think it is worth recording ; firstly, because so little is actually known in regard to the migrations of the Phalaropes, and secondly, because as far as I can discover this is only the second record of a Phalarope having been taken on the West Coast of Africa. “The first record was reported by Mr. C. Chubb in an ‘appendix to Sir Harry Johnston’s book on ‘ Liberia,’ vol. ii. p- 790. This bird is now in the British Museum collection, and is labelled ‘ Crymophilus fulicarius No. 34. 6. ad. EK. Liberia (J. Maitland Pye Smith) 28. i. 1905.’ “Neither Shelley, ‘ Birds of Africa,’ nor Dr. Reichenow, ‘Vogel Afrikas,’ record the Grey Phaiarope in their respective books. Boyd Alexander did not find it in the Cape Verde Islands, nor does he mention having seen it in Fernando Po. The bird has, however, been recorded by Irby, ‘Ornithology of Straits of Gibraltar,’ as having oc- curred two or three times near Tangier in N.E. Africa. Mr. Godman, ‘ Birds of Azores,’ makes no mention of it, and Mr. Ogilvie-Grant did not meet with it in those islands, although he records a specitmen taken on‘St. Michaels and preserved in the Ponta Delgada Museum, and was informed by Major Chaves that it is a rare straggler to the group (cf. Nov. Zool. 1905, p. 107). ‘“‘ As regards the Canary Islands I have looked in vain for any reference to the bird in the papers by Mr. Meade-Waldo i: £ i 41 [ Vol. xxx. and by Mr. Bannerman. Cory does not include it in his ‘ Birds of the West Indies’ or his ‘ Birds of the Bahamas,’ nor is there any record of it in Salvin and Godman’s ‘ Biologia Centrali-Americana, nor in Mr. Richard Crawshay’s book on the ‘ Birds of Tierra del Fuego.’ “‘ Although the Grey Phalarope’s winter-range is reported as extending as far south as the Argentine on the western side of the southern Atlantic, and there are two specimens in the British Museum said to have been obtained there, no Mention of this species is made by Sclater and Hudson in their ‘ Argentine Ornithology.’ From this evidence it will be seen that its winter-wanderings in the Middle aud South Atlantic still remain to be cleared up. ‘“It is curious to note that the bird which I send for exhibition was captured on the 4th of April, 1905, that is to say, only 12 days later in the same year Lan the ene recorded by Mr. C. Chubb from Liberia.” The CHairman remarked that he had had occasion to notice the irregular migration of the “ Grey Phalarope,” as he had in the Tring Museum three or four specimens obtained by himself and Dr. Hartert at Tring on various occasions, as well as one which had been picked ap dead in the woods. Mr. I’. C. Sztous gave a most interesting account of the nesting-habits of the Grey Phalarope as observed by himself and Mr. Heatley Noble in Iceland during the past season. He described a number of nests found on the sandy estuaries and among rocks close to the sea. These resembled the nests made by the Ringed Plover, being merely a slight hollow, surrounded by tiny pieces of quartz and shells. The Rey. F. C. R. Jourpatn exhibited the following clutches of eggs obtained by Mr. F. R. S. Baxendale in Cyprus during the past season. A clutch of 4 eggs of the Red-rumped Swallow (Chelidon daurica rufula), showing fine red-brown spots. Normally, the eggs of this species are pure white, unspotted hke those of the Martins. A clutch of 4 eggs of the Palestine Warbler (Sylvia Vol. xxxiii. | AQ, melanothorax) *. Although this species is plentiful in Cyprus, only three nests had hitherto been taken, all of which were obtained by Glazner. Two of these were now in the Trig Museum, and the third was in the Hungarian National Museum at Buda-Pest. Mr. Jourpain also exhibited some abnormal eggs of a species of Acrocephalus taken recently in England. Two of them had proved on investigation to be the eges of the Reed- Warbler, although recorded in the ‘ Field’ as those of the Marsh-Warbler. (See the ‘ Field, Aug. 30,1913, p. 521.) These eggs were examined by various members, who ex- pressed different views as to their identity, and Mr. Selous summed up the situation when he remarked that aberrant eges of Acrocephalus could not be identified. The nest, however, which had since been sent to Mr. Jourdain for examination, proved to be that of Acrocephalus streperus. The Cuairman remarked that Chelidon rufula belonged to that group of Swallows typified by Chelidon smithii which built long flask-shaped nests, and that the E. Afriean form of C. smithii laid white eggs. In reference to some remarks made on the colours of. Swallows’ eggs, Mr. Sruarr Baker said that as far as Indian eggs were concerned he had found those of Hirundo smithui to be about the most richly marked of all, and he had never seen or heard of this species laying white eggs. Hume also described the eggs of this swallow as “the most richly- marked Swallows’ eggs” he knew. In Mr. Stuart Baker’s experience, he had found that all the Striated Swallows without exception laid pure white eggs, whilst those of the HT, rustica group laid spotted eggs. The Cliff- Swallow, Mirundo fluvicola, laid both pure white and spotted eggs, generally the latter. He also added that in India the Wire-tailed Swallow never made nests of the retort-shape described by Mr. Rothschild, a peculiarity of some of the Striated Swallows. * The parent birds were not identified —Ep. i i 43 [ Vol. xxxiu. The Rev. J. R. Hate exhibited a variety of the Golden Plover (Charadrius apricarius) killed at Evie, Pomona, Orkney Islands, in September. In this specimen the greater part of the primary-quills was white. He also exhibited a male of the Velvet Scoter (Cidemia Jusca), which had been shot on Loch Stenness, Pomona, Orkney Islands, September 1913, by Mr. T. P. Aldworth. The bird, which had an injured wing, used to keep company with an Hider Duck and five young. Mr. Hale pointed out how easily a careless observer might have misinterpreted the facts, and have reported that the Velvet Scoter had bred in Orkney; this mistake had actually been made by a naturalist who visited the Islands. Mr. Hale kindly presented both the Golden Plover and the Velvet Scoter mentioned above to the Natural History Museum. Mr. Haze also exhibited an immature Starling assuming adult plumage shot at Boxley in August 1913. Major F. W. Proctor exhibited nests and eggs which he had obtained during a short visit to the Quickjock district of Swedish Lapland in June 1913. Among the eggs shown were :— 1. A series of eggs of the Brambling (Fringilla monti- fringilla) containing some very beautiful varieties. Also a nest of the Brambling containing five eggs, and one with three eggs and an egg of the Cuckoo, taken in the Tarrah Valley, Njonjes, in June. 2. Nests with eggs of the Red-spotted Bluethroat (Cyanecula suecica). 3. Nest with eggs of the Red-throated Pipit (Anthus cervinus ). 4. Nests with eggs of the Mealy Redpoll (Acanthis linaria). 5. Nest with eggs of the White Wagtail (Motacilla alba). Vol. xxxiil. | AA 6. Two sets of eggs of the Dotterel (Hudromias mori- nellus), each containing three eggs. 3 7. Two sets of eggs of the Rough-legged Buzzard (Archibuteo lagopus), each set containing six very large and well-marked eggs. Major H. H. Harineron exhibited and described ex- amples of two new forms of Turdinulus, which he proposed to name :— TURDINULUS BREVICAUDATUS VENNINGI, subsp. n. Adult. Similar to Turdinulus brevicaudatus Blyth, from Tenasserim; but differs in being much larger and in having the upper plumage greyer, the breast dark rufous, the abdomen the same colour as the breast, and the flanks dark brewn. In 7. brevicaudatus the breast is pale rufous, the abdomen creamy-buff, and the flanks tinged with olive. Wing measurements :— T. brevicaudatus. 10 examples. Wing 60-65 mm. Average 63 mm. T. b. venningi. 15examples. Wing65-74mm. Average 68 mm. Hab. The Southern Shan States, Burma, and Yunnan. There is one specimen collected by Colonel Rippon in the Salween Valley (presumably in Yunnan), 2800 to 3000 feet. Type in the British Museum. <6. S. Shan States, 23.11.02. W. H. Craddock Coll. I have called this subspecies, of which there are numerous specimens in the British Museum, after Capt. F. E. W. Venning, Indian Army, as it was while examining his specimens from Kalaw, S. Shan States, that I came to notice the differences between this subspecies and 7. brevi- caudatus. TURDINULUS EPILRPIDOTUS BAKERI, subsp. n. Adult. Similar to 7. e. davisoni O.-Grant, from Tenasserim ; but differs in having the underparts not suffused with rufous, 45 Viol cx xan and in having the upper plumage much darker. The differences are very similar to those between 7. roberii, Godwin-Austen, from the Naga and Munipur Hills, and Cachar, and Turdinulus roberti guttaticollis O.-Grant, from the Miri and Mishmi Hills, and the Dibrugarh District of Assam. _ Measurements, the same as 7” e. davisoni. Hab. The Southern Shan States, Burma. Type in the British Museum. Na Noi, 25.11.99. Coll. G. Rippon. © I have great pleasure in calling this subspecies after Mr. E. C. Stuart Baker, who has kindly assisted me in the working out of this Family. Amended Key to the Species of Turdinulus. (Cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1896, p. 58.) I, Tail extending more than 1 inch beyond the upper tail-coverts. (Corythocichla.) A. Feathers of the middle of the throat white or erey, each with a median greyish-black streak. a. Tips of the wing-feathers white. a'. Sides of the breast and flanks chestnut. Gi Wangioo mm sandnimden...2. 652. T. brevicaudatus. OMG WHS OnE Oaaminy op pceeee deem ooG T. b. venningi. b'. Sides of the breast and flanks reddish- GlinVS=WVOW TES, a tyaye cuegss ove =< aesvSlshecay eles spar T. b. leucostictus. 6. Tips of the wing-feathers buff; sides of the breast and flanks reddish-brown ........ T. 6. striatus. II. Tail extending less than half an inch beyond the upper tail-coverts. (Twrdinulus.) B. Feathers of the middle of the throat white or whitish-buff, with a triangular black spot at the end of each. Tips of wing-feathers white. c. General colour of plumage brown, washed with rufous, especially on the sides of the loans QaGlieles, Boned) ceouounouoD Dae T. roberiv. d. General colour of plumage dark brown; sides of the breast and flanks dark olive- [ORO AR. oldie: oo c A EKRHCe OCR RCRD ena © T.r. guttaticolls. Wol-exexoc iii) 46 C. Feathers of the middle of the throat uniform, devoid of black streaks or spots. e. Middle of throat white. ce’. Sides of the neck spotted with black and white; breast reddishtbrown boldly Striped wat mitele senate iienerenee arrears T. epilepidotus. d', Sides of the neck spotted with black mal buff ; breast buff, margined with reddish- brownish, producing a squamate appear- AMIGO aye cserisva stele elec ule Re nperecnelotcea eanexcres L. e. exsul. e’. Sides of the neck spotted with brown and bufl; breast with brownish-buff edges.. T. e. granti. f. Middle of throat buff. jf’. General colour of plumage brown, washed with rufous, especially on the sides of the breastrandy fama ei ei ine test T. e. davisont. g'. General colour of plumage dark brown, sides of the breast and flanks dark olive- ieee sae ce beatemogsuees bonded ie Lo 6 T. e. bakert. Geographical Distribution. (Corythocichla.) (1) T. brevicaudatus (Blyth) ...... Tenasserim. (2) T. 6. venningt Harington ...... Shan States and Yunnan. (3) ZL. b. leucostictus (Sharpe) .... Perak, Malay Peninsula. (4) T. 6. striatus (Walden) ...... Assam and Munipur. ( Turdinulus.) (5) (2. roberts G.-Austen. .-....... Sadiya, Munipur, and Naga Hills. (6) T.r. guttaticolus O.-Grant .... Mishmi and Miri Hills, Dibru- garh, Assam, (7) T. epilepidotus Temm. ........ Java and Sumatra. (8) Ure! exaulShanperwe: . cds ci Borneo. (9)) Dive. granty buichmiond = 7)... Siam and Malay Peninsula. (10) T. e. davisont O.-Grant ...... Tenasserim. (11) 7. e. bakerc Harington ........ Shan States, Burma. Major Harineton also made the following remarks on two species of Timeliude. PoMATORHINUS RUBIGINOSUS (Walden). Trichastoma rubiginosa Walden, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4). - xv. p. 402 (1875). 47 E Wolk exon Drymocataphus rubiginosus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. vii. p. 560 (1883) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind.i. p. 145 (1889). The only examples of this so-called species are two from Karennee, both in the British Museum. Both are quite young birds, and very similar to young examples of Pomatorhinus imberbis Salvadori, a species which was also first described from Karennee, and of which there are now numerous specimens in the British Museum from the Shan States, Burma. The immature types of P. rubiginosus differ from speci- mens of P. imberbis of a similar age in having the upperparts much browner and the breast and flanks dull chestnut instead of rusty-red. I am indebted to Dr. R. Gestro, of Genoa, who has most kindly forwarded the type-specimen of P. imberbis Salvadori, to the British Museum for comparison with P. rubiginosus (Walden). The adult of P. rubiginosus still remains to be discovered. PYCTORHIS ALTIROSTRIS GRISEIGULARIS Hume. Pyctorhis altirostris yriseigularis Hume, Stray Feathers, Wepe VLG) (1877). I find that Hume’s species from Assam, and the Butan Doars, is quite distinct from Jerdon’s P. altirostris, from Burma. There are now several specimens of each in the British Museum, and the differences are quite apparent. P, altirostris. P. a. grisergularis. _Chin, throat, and chest white. Chin, throat, and chest grey. Lower breast, abdomen, and Lower breast, abdomen, flanks pale fulvous. and flanks dull rufous. Hume’s type of P. a. grisciyularis, which is in the British Museum, is an adult bird from Butan Doars obtained in January 1873 by L. Mandelli. Mr. Exwin Srresemann made the following remarks on the British House-Sparrow :— “While collecting, several months ago, the literature about cases of supposed alteration of species in historical Vol. xxxiii. | 48 times, my attention was drawn by Mr. Hellmayr to a short notice by Townsend & Hardy in the ‘ Auk,’ 1909, pp. 72-79, in which the authors attempted to prove, from the measure- ments of a small series of House-Sparrows from New England and Liverpool, that the House-Sparrow, since its introduction into North America had increased in size. The average wing-measurement of 8 males from Liverpool is given as 75°5 mm., while 18 males from New England, shot in the same year (1907), average 77°3 mm. The authors believe that the explanation of this strange pheno- menon lies in the struggle for existence and in the survival of the strongest and largest specimens in North America. “ As, however, Townsend and Hardy, in their article, call attention to the fact that it is not certain whether these Sparrows were introduced from England or Germany, or whether the present stock consists of a mixture of Sparrows from both countries, I tried to find a more probable ex- planation in the theory that the English House-Sparrows— like so many other English birds when compared with their Continental representatives—are smaller, as already suggested by Dr. Hartert (Vogel pal. Faun. p. 148), and that the American Sparrows had not been compared with their actual ancestral form. Mr. G.S. Miller has recently shown (Cat. Mamm. Western Europe, p. 494, 1912) that analogous circumstances were the cause of many unfounded theories about the well-known Porto Santo Rabbit (Lepus huxleyi Haeckel). «Since then I have endeavoured to collect material to settle this question, and I have come to the conclusion that my supposition is correct. “The wing-measurements which I have taken are as follows :— *‘ Bavaria (Mus. Munich): 17 @: average 78°8, variation 75-84 mm. “‘ Switzerland (Mus. Tring) : 5 ¢: average 79°8, variation 77-83 mm. “Tyrol and Kraina (Mus. Tring) : 6 @ : average 81-0, variation 80-83 mm. 49 [Vol. xxxii. “ Southern Hungary (Mus. Munich): 7 g: average 78°4, variation 76°5-81 mm. “Transylvania (Mus. Munich): 8 ¢: average 78:5, variation 78-79°5 mm. ‘* Holland (Mus. Leyden): 13 ¢: average 78°9, variation 76-82°5 mm. “ England (Mus. Tring and Mus. Brit.) : 66 ¢ : average 76:2, variation 72-81 mm. “Scotland (Mus. Tring and Mus. Brit.): 4 g: average 78°5, variation 76-81°5 mm. “Treland (Mus. Tring and Mus. Brit.) : 8 g: average 76°4, variation 74°5-78 mm. “ From these measurements it is evident that the British House-Sparrow is slightly smaller than the Continental race, but the differences are too small to justify the creation of a new name.” The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 12th of November, 1913, at PAGANI'S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. { N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | (Signed ) W. Roruscuitp, W.R.Ocitvis-Grant, H.F. Witrnersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. S Treas. BULLETIN OF THE Pees ORNITHOLOGISTS CLUB. No. CXCITI. Tue hundred and eighty-ninth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.., on Wednesday, the 12th of November, 1913. Chairman: Hon. W. Roruscuitp, Ph.D., F.R.S. Members present :—H. G. Atrxanpsr, EH. C. Stuart Barer, D. A. Bannerman, E. Brpwe tz, C. D. Borrer, P. F. Bunyarp, N. CuHaruin, C. Cuouss, HE. V. Ears, A. H. Evans, H. O. Forsers, LL.D., P. Gossz, C. H. B. Grant, Major H. H. Harineron, E. Harrert, Ph.D., G. B. Hony, T. Irepaue, Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain, N. H. Joy, G. C. Lampert, G. E. Lopez, G. M. Martuews, E. G. B. Meave-Watpo, H. Munt, T. H. Newman, W. R. Ocitvie- Grant (Editor), C. OtpHam, C. E. Pearson, Major F. W. Proctor, W. P. Pycrart, F. R. Rarcuirr, R. H. Reap, C. B. Rickert, G. Scuwann, H. Scuwann, W. L. Sctater, D. Sera-Smiru, EK. F. Sranrorp, Colonel C. Swinnosz, Lt.-Comm. R. E. Vauenan, R.N.,H. M. Watuts, Colonel R. | G. Warpiaw-Ramsay, H. F. Witnersy (Sec. & Treas.), A. F. R. Woutaston, C. Woopnovuse, M.D. Visitors :—Major H. R. Baxur, Colonel K. G. Bucnanan, J. H. Fuemine, A. Lyrtt, Rev. C. E. Roserts, H. W. Rosinson, J. Row. The Cuarrman said that, since the last meeting of the [ November 27th, 1913.] a VOL. XXXII. ci) Vol. xxxiii. | 5 Club, they had to deplore the loss of one of their oldest and most respected members, the veteran Irish naturatst Mr. R. J. Ussher. He had for many years been a very active member of both the Union and the Club, and had been an enthusiastic student of Irish Ornithology. All would deplore his loss. » The world of Science had also suffered an irreparable loss in the death of Dr. A. R. Wallace. An all-round naturalist, he formed part of that band of 19th century giants of science which made the Victorian Era stand out on a pinnacle. He was the last of the famous coterie of men of science which included Huxley, Darwin, Tyndall, Hooker, Kelvin, and Lister. All must regret the loss of this great man to science and to the world at large. The CHarrMan gave the following Address :— ““ Broruer Mempers or tHE B.O.C.,— “Tt is a very difficult task at all times to make a beginning ; and I find this axiom very true in my own case. ‘To follow in the steps of our late Chairman will be difficult indeed ; but to read one’s first Address is a most terrifying ordeal. “One great help is that, owing to absence from home, our late Chairman did not deliver an address last session, and as the year 1912 was very fertile in ornithological work and activity I have a larger field than usual to choose from. “Death has robbed Ornithology of many of its best friends and exponents. Among others we have to deplore the loss of Professor W. Blasius, Allan O. Hume, A. D. Millar, W. B. Tegetmeier, Edward Adrian Wilson, Professor Robert Collett, Henry John Pearson, Thomas Ayres, Dr. J. W. B. Gunning, and our late Chairman, Dr. P. LU. Sclater. “To begin with the sphere of Dr. Hartert’s and my own researches : in North Africa ornithological research has been very active; in addition to our own expeditions in 1911, 1912, and 1913, Count Zedlitz, Herr Fromholz, Herr Paul Spatz, and the Rev. F. C. R. Jourdain have made most interesting investigations in all parts of Algeria and the vast ‘Territoires du Sud.? One of the most important 53 [ Vol. xxxiil. discoveries was that the pieces of egg-shell found in 1909 by Dr. Hartert, proved to be portions of an egg of a gigantic extinct bird, allied to So - os eee’ 57 [Vol. xxxiii. and (3) caves situated in the outer walls of the largest crater, 600 ft. above the sea and ? mile from the water’s edge. A detailed account of these various nesting-sites will appear in the January number of the ‘ Ibis.’ “The Yellow-billed Shearwater was likewise the only species found on the West Rock, which is merely a mass of lava rising some 30 ft. above the sea-level, and not more than 40,000 square yards in area. “On the next island visited, Montafia Clara, matters improved considerably. This is a smaller island than Graciosa, being 14 miles long by 2 mile broad, and really consists of a single large crater rising to an elevation of 700 feet. “Puffinus kuhli flavirostris swarmed over the entire island, and when I arrived on the 7th of June all the birds were sitting on eggs. The sex of this Shearwater can be told without dissection by the size of the bill and feet, which are very considerably heavier in the male bird. The marked difference in size between the sexes has already been pointed out by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant in his paper on the birds of the Salvage Islands (cf. ‘ Ibis,’ 1896, pp. 47-50). “‘The second species, which was also numerous, was Bulwer’s Petrel, Bulweria bulweri. The birds were nesting under the fallen boulders at the foot of the cliffs and along the shore. Occasionally I found them nesting in holes in the side of the crumbling cliff. They all had eggs on the 7th of June. ‘The third species which was found breeding on this small island was the much-discussed Puffinus assimilis baroli. A very small colony existed in a most inaccessible part of the island. They had chosen the basin of the crater, one side of which was open to the sea, and their eggs were laid under huge lumps of lava. Nestlings in all stages of plumage were obtained, and are exhibited together with the only two eggs discovered. It will be seen that these eggs were found on the 8th of June, while the latest date upon which Mr. Meade-Waldo took young birds in Tenerife was the 26th of April, which shows a very great discrepancy between Vol. xxxiil. | 58 the nesting-season of this Petrel on two islands of the same group. “The fourth—and last,—which was perhaps the most interesting of all the species discovered, was the Common Storm-Petrel, Thalassidroma pelagica. A single bird was caught in a cave and proved to be a male with the testes much developed. This is, I believe, the first occasion on which this Petrel has been taken on land in the Canary Group, and I consider it extremely lkely that it was breeding. ‘‘ Allegranza proved a decided disappointment as regards sea-birds. Webb and Berthelot, Cabrera, and, in later years, Mr. Godman have all mentioned Allegranza as being the most interesting of the whole group. ‘““The Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) was said to live in the island ‘all the year round.? Bulwer’s Petrel (Bulweria bulweri) was said to be very common there, and the Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus) was reported to be very common and to breed there. “I do not believe that any of these birds breed on Allegranza at the present day ; but in the case of the two last named I do not for a moment wish to affirm that they did not breed there years ago. On the other hand, the evidence that the Manx Shearwater bred in large numbers —or even at all—in Allegranza is too doubtful to be considered. The only species of Petrel or Shearwater discovered on Allegranza in June was Puffinus kuhli flavi- rostris, which swarms over the entire island, and thousands are slaughtered every year for the sake of their feathers. “There is only one more point I wish to notice, which is, that Oceanodroma castro is given in the new ‘ Hand- List of British Birds’ as breeding in the Canaries. Dr. Hartert tells me that it has been included under this heading, as he considers the ‘Salvages to be outlying islands of the Canary Group, where O. castro certainly breeds.’ It seems doubtful if the Salvages can be included with the Canaries ; personally I prefer to regard them as a distinct group. The Salvage Islands are a hundred statute 59 [ Vol. xxxin. miles from the nearest point of the Canaries, and at least two Petrels (O. castro and Pelagodroma marina) breed there which, as far as our present knowledge goes, have never bred on any of the Canary Islands proper. O. castro is known to breed in the N. Atlantic ou the Azores, Porto Santo, the Salvages, and the Rombos Islands in the Cape Verde Gronp, but we cannot assume that it also nests in the Canary Group. It would be more correct, therefore, to state that O. castro breeds on the Salvage Islands and not on the Canaries, which in the case of P. marina is correctly stated.” Major H. H. Harineron described the following new forms of Timelude :— PROPARUS RIPPON, sp. 0. Adult. Similar to P. austeni O.-Grant, but differs in having the white supercilium commencing at the base of the bill, and not above the eye; the ear-coverts chocolate-brown and of almost the same shade as the head, instead of very dark brown contrasting with the head. Culmen 9 mm. ; wing 51-55; tail 54. ary) Hab. Mt.«Victoria, Chin Hills, Burma. Obs. There are numerous examples of this bird, collected by Colonel Rippon, in the above locality. Type in the British Museum: Adult. Mt. Victoria, 19.iv.04. G. Rippon coll. Key to the Species of Proparus. A. A white supercilium. a, Har-coverts chestnut or brown. a’. White supercilium commencing above the eye. a*, Crown reddish-brown, bordered on the sides of the occiput with black........ P. vinipectus. b?. Crown dull chestnut, bordered on the sides of the occiput with reddish-brown. P. austen. b'. White supercilium commercing at the base GRRE ICM Dillman sralalcpeiayes acctes Salty is alae P. rippont. Dep bhai coventsi Ml ackeras).ci'. 1c. since cals suke 6 a ots P. breti. asd Wolk, anti, | 60 B. No white supercilium. ce, Crown chestnut. ce’, Crown bright chestnut, indistinctly bordered with black on the sides ........ AoeHcls .. P. ruficapillus. d. Crown dull chestnut, distinctly bordered with) blackvon thersides tener eerie P. sordidior. d. Crown grey, tinged with pinkish-brown ; MAUS OMOMAN oS sq 5000 900 90 40 doh Pr ey eee P, cinereiceps. e. Crown brown. ce’. Mantle brown, like the crown. a°®, Rump brown or tinged with olive. a*, Outer webs of inner primary and secondary quills deep black ........ P. guttaticollis. b*. Outer webs of inner primary and secondary quills reddish-brown .... P. striatvcollis. 6°. Rump dull ochraceous-orange. c*, Area in front of the eye pale pinkish- brown; flanks and sides of the belly dull ochraceous-orange, like the DUUIN PV. Pree des ccnstrenonyte eae eee RRP P. manipurensis. d*, Avea in front of the eye blackish ; flanks and sides of the belly dull brownish- orange, paler than the GUDTINY) S28. be av Rema sacle rouse Stilettos ce aegeae hs P. formosanus. d’, Mantle dark chestnut, contrasting with the browneorsthelcrowne reer te erin P. fucatus. e Distribution. Proparus vinipectus Hodgson ...... Simla, Nepal, and Sikkim. a austent O.-Grant ........ Japvo Peak, Naga Hills. 9 manipurensis O.-Grant.... Owen Kulno Peak, Munipur Hills. Py eppone klarino bom... a se Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills, Burma. 5 SORAREDOP JET IION 56600506 Yunnan, HE. of Talifu. i biets Oustaletiance eee S. and W. Yunnan. , ruficapillus Verreaux .... KansuandN.W.Szechuan, China. yy) einerercens) Vierreaiixcn sr). 1). Kansuand N. W. Szechuan, China. ul) FGI SIO, “5.4. 0 adse de Ichang, China. i striaticollis Verreaux .... N.W. Szechuan. ut guttaticolis La Touche .. Kuatun, Fohkien, China. Py » formosanus O.-Grant .... Formosa. 61 [ Vol. xxxil. ALCIPPE PH#OCEPHALA BRUCEI Hume. Hume, J. A. S. B. xxxix. pt. ii. p. 122 (1870). This subspecies was first described by Fairbank, who forwarded his description to A.O. Hume. The latter, how- ever, does not appear to have published it, but refers to the bird from Mahableshwar under the name of Alcippe brucet, and notes that it is slightly larger than A. pheocephala. Oates in the ‘Fauna of India, Birds,’ 1. p. 158, also notes that birds from the Nilghiris and Travancore differ from those found in other localities. Adult. Larger and much greyer than A. pheocephala Jerdon, and lacking the rufous tinge on the plumage of the upperparts. Head and neck ashy-grey, paler and not so well-defined as in A. pheocephala, and merging into the colour of the back; upper plumage greyish olive-brown, with no rufous tinge; outer edges of the primary-quills and tail-feathers light brown instead of chestnut ; lower plumage as in A. pheocephala. Wing 70-74 mm.; average measurement 72. Hab. Mahableshwar, the Western Ghats from Rajkote in Khattiwar to Belgaum; the Central Provinces; Pach- murri; and the Paresnath Hills, Lower Bengal. Type in the British Museum: 3. Mahableshwar, 22.11.73 (Rev. S. B. Fairbank). Wume coll. STACHYRIS NIGRICEPS COLTARTI, subsp. n. Adult. Similar to 8. nigriceps Hodgson from Nepal, but differs in having the throat very dark grey or black; in S. nigriceps the feathers are dark grey edged with white, producing a striped appearance. ‘The measurements are the same as those of S. nigriceps. Hab. Dibrugarh, Assam ; the Naga and Chin Hills, and the Bhamo Hills. Birds from the Shan States and Tenas- serim have the throat light ashy-grey, as in S. davisont Sharpe, from the Malay Peninsula, with which they appear to be identical. I have named this subspecies after Dr. H. N. Coltart, who has collected a number of specimens at Margherita, Assam. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢. Margherita, 4. xn.01. H. N. Coltart coll. Vol. xxxiil. | 62 IXULUS FLAVICOLLIS HARTERTI, Subsp. n. Adult. Similar to I. flavicollis Hodgson from Nepal, but differs in having the crest of a darker and richer brown ; the collar of a deeper and brighter chestnut; and the back of a much darker olive-brown. In J. flavicollis the collar is pale rufous. Hab. The Bhamo Hills and Trans-Salween Shan States, Burma. Type in the Tring Museum: No. 232. ?. Sinlum, Bhémo, 25.iv.08. H.H. Harington coll. Obs. Birds from Assam are almost identical with examples from Burma; those from the Chin Hills (Mt. Victoria) approach nearer to I. flavicollis from Sikkim. ' SIVA CYANUROPTERA OATESI, subsp. n. In the British Museum there are three specimens of a Siva collected by the late E. W. Oates, on Byingyi, an isolated hill of 6200 feet, situated on the edge of the Shan Plateau (‘ Ibis,’ 1894, p. 481). These three birds are quite distinct from S. sordida Hume from Tenasserim, of which there is only one specimen, the type, in the British Museum. The other specimen, from Karennee, which has been referred to this species, differs in the colour of its head. . Adult. Intermediate between S. ¢. wingatet O.-Grant from Yunnan and S.c. sordida Hume from Tenasserim. It re- sembles the former in the colour of its back and upper plumage in general, being of an olive-brown tinged with ochraceous on the rump, but differs from that species in having the head almost entirely dull blue, showing only faint indications of stripes, which are so conspicuous in S. ec. wingatei. It resembles S. c. sordida in the colour of its under-plumage, which is white, while in S. c. wingatei these parts are pale grey with a vinous tinge. Hab. Byingyi Mountain. Type in the British Museum: Adult. Mt. Byingyi, iii. 94. EK. W. Oates coll. 63 [ Vol. xxxiil. ALCIPPE FRATERCULA YUNNANENSIS, subsp. n. Similar to A. fratercula Rippon, but larger ; the head and neck of a much paler grey, the stripes on the head and neck being less distinct or wanting in some specimens; the underparts also are paler and of a more yellowish tinge ; bill smaller. Adult. A ring of white feathers round the eye, head and neck pale ashy-grey ; indications of two blackish stripes, one on each side of the nape, and none on the head ; in some specimens these are obsolete or wanting ; ear-coverts of the same colour as the head; back pale olive-brown; under- parts pale ochraceous, tinged with olivaceous on the flanks. “Tris crimson, upper mandible dark horn-colour, lower mandible like the feet; legs and feet livid horn-colour.” (Rippon.) Culmen 10 mm. ; wing 69. In A. fratercula: culmen 1] mm. ; wing 62-66. Hab. Mountains of Yunnan, from 8,000-10,000 ft. Obs. There are several examples in the British Museum from the above locality collected by Col. G. Rippon. Type in the British Museum: Adult. Gyi-dzin-shan, east of Talifu, 8900 ft., 2.iv.02. G. Rippon coll. STACHYRIDOPSIS SULPHUREA Rippon. Rippon, Bull. B. O.C. xi. p. 11 (1900). ~ The specimen so named by Col. Rippon is not a Stachy- ridopsis, but an example of Mixornis gularis rubricapillus Tickell. The name therefore becomes a synonym of that species. Mr. W. R. Oeitvis-Grant exhibited immature examples of the Starling which breeds in the Shetland Islands, together with adult specimens both in summer- and in winter- plumage. He pointed out that these young birds differed in a very marked degree from young Starlings of a similar age from the mainland of Great Britain, having the general colour above dark sooty-black, and the underparts of the same colour, but a degree paler. The chin and upperpart Vol. xxxili. | 64 of the throat were white, in marked coutrast with the rest of the plumage, and the outer webs of the flight-feathers, greater coverts, and tail-feathers were narrowly edged with pale rufous. As was well known, the young of the Common Starling, of which specimens were exhibited, was light brown, rather darker on the crown and upperparts, and was altogether a very different-looking bird. Mr. Ogilvie-Grant said that both he and Mr. Meade- Waldo had for several years past been much struck by the very dark colour of all the young Starlings, both in the Orkney and Shetland Islands, but it was not until this year that he procured specimens from the latter group for examination. It was a common sight in these islands to see large flocks of immature birds, all of which had the general colour black, no brown birds being seen among them. The adult bird did not appear to differ in any way from that of typical Sturnus vulgaris. Dr. Hartert, who had kindly examined the birds, was also agreed on this point. At present therefore it did not seem expedient to separate the Orkney and Shetland birds, even subspecifically, though it was desirable to draw attention to the very remarkable difference between the young birds, which did not seem to have been noticed previously. It was interesting to note that on the Island of Sanday, in the Orkney Group, most of the Starlings used rabbit-burrows as nesting-sites. Mr. Octitvix-Granr also exhibited two adult male examples of Barrow’s Golden-eye (Clangula islandica) in the eclipse-plumage, killed on the 25th of September. He said that for many years he had been trying to secure specimens in this stage of plumage, but they were very difficult to obtain, and it was not until the present year that he had succeeded in securing two from the north of Iceland. Mr. Millais, in the first volume of his ‘ British Diving Ducks’ (p. 101), had described the male of Barrow’s Golden-eye in the eclipse-plumage, and stated that the head and neck were of a “dirty grey-brown,’ very light on the throat, also that the small white feathers in front of the 65 [ Vol. xxxiii. eye were never completely lost. As would be seen, both the males exhibited had the head and neck smoky-black ; one was entirely without any trace of white feathers in front of the eye, but in the other a few small white feathers were moulting in at the base of the bill. He hkewise exhibited two immature males of the Scaup Duck (Nyroca marila), which had also been sent from North Iceland as adult birds in eclipse-plumage. The immature bird might, however, be recognized from the adult in eclipse by the much greater amount of white on the face. The age of the specimens exhibited was clearly proved by the presence of downy plumes still clinging to the tips of some of the feathers of the rump. The Hon. Watrer Roruscuitp made the following remarks on the genus bradyornis :— «After Mr. Ogilvie-Grant had revised the genus Brady- ornis and prepared his key to the species (ef. ‘ Ibis,’ 1913, pp. 631-637), I asked our attendant to arrange the large material in the Tring Museum according to this new classifi- - cation, and, in looking over our specimens, found one or two points which required elucidation. Mr. Grant very kindly examined the doubtful specimens with me, and the two following alterations will have to be made :— “(1) Mr. Graut, following Prof. Neumann, has entered Bradyornis muscicapina Hartl. as a synonym of Bradyornis murinus. Prof. Neumann thought that the type specimen had been lost; but it is safely preserved in the Tring Museum, and a re-examination of the bird shows it to be a specimen of the Common Spotted Flycatcher, Muscicapa striata Pall. ‘““(2) When Sharpe described Bradyornis subalaris from Mombasa he was unaware that it was indistinguishable from examples from Kordofan—a fact which has recently been pointed out by Mr. Grant. Baron von Miller undoubtedly ‘described and measured as the type of his Muscicapa pallida from ‘ Abyssinia and Kordofan’ the specimen from Kordofan, and not the Abyssinian example. This being the case, the Vol. xxxiii. | 66 name 6. subalaris becomes a synonym of B. pallidus (Miill.), and the larger Abyssinian bird is without a name. I propose to call the latter form ‘‘ BRADYORNIS PALLIDUS SHARPEI, subsp. n.” Mr. Roruscuitp also described a new species of Casso- wary, which he proposed to call CASUARIUS FOERSTERI, Sp. 0. Adult. Sides and back of the head, below the casque, black as in C. claudi. Face and fore-part of the neck pale blue ; upper sides and middle part of the hind-neck dark blue ; neck below the occiput and the lower hind-neck bluish-white ; a large patch below the ear pink ; lower sides of the neck intense crimson surrounded by pale blue. Casque horn-colour; no wattle. This new species was procured by Herr Keysser at a height of 1000 metres (=3250 feet) two days’ journey inland from the north-west end of the Huon Gulf. Obs. This species is the representative in the south-east of New Guinea of C. papuanus and C. claudit of Dutch New Guinea. Mr. W. P. Pycrarr gave a brief summary of the investi- gations in which he was at present engaged respecting the eclipse-plumage of the Wigeon. His observations were being carried out on live birds, for the purpose of discovering whether any of the feathers of the eclipse-plumage assumed the coloration of the breeding-dress, as was supposed to be the case according to some observers. At the beginning of the investigation a number of feathers on the flanks and scapulars had been marked, and im no case did these show any trace of change. Most of them had since been moulted out, and were quite un- altered. He then proceeded to explain the inherent difficulties in the way of such colour-changes, and the weakness of the supposed evidence that such actually take place. He contended that a more reasonable interpretation could be found of the fact 67 [ Vol. xxxiii. that a few isolated feathers in the eclipse-dress displayed, for the most part, a coloration identical with the succeeding breeding-dress. Such feathers replaced those which had been accidentally lost just as the pigment for the coloration of the eclipse-dress was beginning to form. The new feather took up just as much of the red pigment as had been accu- mulated. This done, the remainder of the feather of necessity partook of the coloration of the dominant plumage. He proposed a crucial experiment, to be carried out next year, which should set the matter at rest for ever among those who still believed in the possibility of such changes, apart from alterations due to abrasion and fading. Respecting the interpretation which has been placed on the part played by the eclipse-plumage, Mr. Pycraft re- marked that the evidence seemed to show that it should not be regarded as a special protective plumage—a ‘“‘ con- cealing coloration,” to secure safety during the period when flight was impossible; but, rather, that it answered to the winter-dress of the Limicole in such species as the Knot, Ruff, ete. The Cuairman said he perfectly agreed with Mr. Pycraft in respect to the impossibility of a change of colour taking place without a moult; but he must disagree with him as to the so-called eclipse-plumage being a misplaced winter-plumage corresponding to the winter-plumage in Waders. He considered it rather as a case of Millerian mimicry intended to protect the female at the most critical time, when she was looking after her young brood. By doubling the number of apparent females, there was a greater chance that more real females might escape from their enemies. Mr. N. H. Joy objected to the Millerian theory as applied to the case under discussion. Mr. Meapz-Watpo supported Mr. Pycraft’s view, and said that no change takes place in the colour or pattern of the feathers, but that feathers which appear to be changing Vol. xxxiii. | 68 from eclipse- to breeding-plumage and vice versd can be induced to grow by pulling out feathers either in early autumn or in late spring. Mr. H. F. Wiruersy exhibited specimens of the Rook (Corvus f. frugilegus) to show the various stages by which the ‘‘face’? becomes bare. He had already given in ‘ British Birds’ (vol. vii. pp. 126-139) a detailed account of his investigations, and now briefly explained that the Rook’s head went through the following stages :— “ Juvenile. The head is normally feathered and there is a thick growth of bristle-like feathers over the nostrils. Some of the feathers on the chin are very often white. “ First winter. After a normal moult in July and August the head is again completely feathered lke that of the Carrion-Crow. “In January (or, in some individuals, rather later) a gradual moult commences on the chin, the fallen feathers are mostly replaced by ‘pins’ showing no feather-growth, and here and there by degenerate down-like feathers resem- bling plumules in structure. The plumules themselves and the filoplumes on the chin and throat are not moulted. “« By the time the chin is half bare the small feathers and bristles at the base of the mandibles begin to fall out, and the moult creeps up to the region under the eyes and the lores, and, lastly, the nasal bristles are lost. In all these regions the proximal feathers fall first and, while some of the papille remain dormant and a distinct cavity is left where the feather fell out, most produce short knob-like “ pins’ from which no feather-growth appears. The whcle process is a lengthy one, and even by the middle of June is not complete in some specimens. As the summer advances the downy growth on the chin and throat gradually wears away and the skin becomes hard. “ At the second autumn-moult, and at every subsequent autumn-moult of the adult Rook, the bare part of the chin and throat becomes well-covered with a blackish-grey down- hke growth, which consists of plumules, filoplumes, and 69 [Vol. xxxiil. degenerate down-like feathers. A few minute feathers grow in the other bare regions, but, generally, the feather-papillze of these regions remain inactive. “Unlike the birds in their first year there is now no further moult until the following autumn. The down-like growth on the chin and throat gradually becomes worn down until in a few months the remains of it are scarcely visible to the naked eye. With a glass, however, remains of this down can be seen until the next autumn moult commences.” Mr. WirHersy also exhibited an adult specimen of the Eastern Rook (Corvus f. pastinator) which showed a narrow but distinct line bare of feathers down the middle of the chin, and in the skin on this line there were “ pins 7’ similar to those found in the typical Rook, suggesting that this bird was in process of evolving a bare chin hike that of Corvus f. Jrugilegus. The fact that the typical Rook had a consider- able growth of degenerate feathers on the chin and throat at each moult and none on the forehead, seemed to show that the bare chin was a later development than the bare forehead. Mr. Norman H. Joy exhibited : (1) A clutch of eggs of the Robin (Hrithacus rubecula melophilus) taken at Bradfield, Berks, on the 18th of June, 1909. The ground-colour was of a very pronounced blue and with traces only of reddish markings. (2) A mixed clutch: six very well-marked eggs of a Great Tit (Parus major newtont), and three eggs of a Redstart (Phenicurus phenicurus) taken at Bucklebury, Berks, on the 3rd of June, 1906, showing a beautiful contrast in colour. A discussion followed in which several members took part, and a large number of “mixed” clutches were recorded. One of the most curious was that mentioned by Dr. Hartert, who stated that in Germany he had found eggs of a Ural Owl (Syrnium uralense) in the nest of a Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo). Vol. xxxiil. | 70 Mr. P. F. Bunyarp exhibited varieties of eggs of the following species :— Ye tow Buntine (Hmberiza citrinella Linn.). Two clutches of three eggs each and two eggs out of a clutch of four, all very handsomely marked examples laid by the same bird in Surrey. The clutches had been taken on the 27th of May, 15th of June, and the 12th of July respectively. NieutincaLe (Luscinia megarhyncha Brehm). Three clutches of five, four, and two eggs from North- amptonshire, having the ground-colour olive-green, reddish- grey, and dark olive-brown respectively, and all heavily marked with reddish-brown or blackish-brown. Varieties of eggs of the GarpEN-Wars er (Sylvia simplex Lath.) and the Coor (Fulica atra Linn.) were also shown ; likewise eggs of the Grey Puatarore (Phalaropus fulicarius Linn.) and the Rep-yeckep Puatarops (P. lobatus Linn.), to illustrate the supposed difference in size. A clutch of six erythristic eggs of the Jay (Garrulus glan- darius rufitergum Hartert) from Northamptonshire. Eggs of this type were rare, but the exhibitor stated that he possessed a similar clutch of four from the Continent. The CuarrmMan announced that the March meeting would be devoted to a show of lantern-slides. On that occasion the dinner of the B.O.U. and B.O.C. would be held con- jointly, and it was hoped that any Members possessing really good photographs would communicate as soon as possible with the Editor. Dr. Forbes had kindly promised on that occasion to show slides of the wonderful pictures of bird-life which he had obtained on the islands off the coast of Peru. 71 [ Vol. xxxiil. The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednesday, the 10th of December, 1913, at PAGANI'S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Hditor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | . (Signed ) W. Roruscuitp, W.R.Ocitvie-Grant, H.F. Wituersy, Chairman. Editor. Sec. § Treas. V ey Pieaix, ; PE aS. a BULLETIN OF THE mAeliSH ORNITHOLOGISTS: CLUB. No. CXCIII. Tre hundred and ninetieth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 10th of December, 1913. Chairman: Hon. W. Roruscuitp, Ph.D., F.R.S. Members present :—H. G. Auzexanper, P. H. Banr, HK. C. Stuart Baker, D. A. Bannerman, G. Baynes, E. Bripwetz, S. Boorman, C. D. Borrer, W. Firznersert BrockHoues, P. F. Bunyarp, N. Cuariin, R. W. Cuasz, GwCnurs, H. V. Barze, H. J; Enwes, F.R.S., HO! Forses, LL.D., H. Gooncuinp, F. H. C. Gounp, C. H. B. Grant, Major H. H. Harineton, E. Harrert, Ph.D., | G. 8S. Hert, M.B., C. Incram, T. IrEpate, Rev. F. C. R. Jourpain, G. C. LamBert, G. M. Maruews, H. Munn, W. R. Ocitviz-Grant (Editor), C. H. Pearson, A. E. Pricz, Major F. W. Procror, W. P. Pycrarr, F. R. Rarcuirr, R. H. Reap, C. B. Rickert, B. B. Riviere, F.R.C.S., A. D. Sapswortu, D. Sera-Smiru, M. C. Srron, C. G. Taxsot-Ponsonsy, A. Trevor-Barryz, Lt.-Comm. R. HE. Vauvesan, H. M. Watts, S. L. Wuympnr, H. F. Wirnersy (Sec. & Treas.), A. F. R. Woxtaston, C. Woopuoussz, M.D. Visitors :—Major G. E. Bruce, F. C. Mapuezs, H. B. Stone, G. WaLLstow. [December 23rd, 1913.] at VOMNRcxm, EY i Vol. xxxiii. | 74 The Hon. Watter Rotuscuitp exhibited specimens of Accipiter gularis (Temm. & Schl.) and made the following remarks :— “JT have brought for exhibition to-night an immature example of Accipiter gularis, which seems to afford com- plete proof of the theory put forward by Mr. Pycraft at our last meeting as the probable explanation of certain plumage irregularities in the ducks in the passage to and from the eclipse-plumage. In this bird there are on the left side of the breast a number of feathers which are barred, as in the adult, and not spotted. I have brought for comparison an adult female and a normally marked immature bird of the same species. It will be noted that the bands on the breast of the adult bird are of a mauve-grey colour, while the spots on the normally marked young bird are rufous-chestnut. The immature bird, with the barred breast-feathers, has evidently lost some of its first spotted plumage through accident, and these have been replaced before the normal moult took place. The papille, or germs, responsible for the production of these particular feathers, have produced barred featiers, foreshadowing those of the adult, but coloured with rufous-chestnut like those of the immature bird. “T have also brought for comparison a series of immature examples of three species of Birds of Paradise, Ptilorhis mag- nifica, P.m. intercedens, and Seleucides ignotus, together with adult males and females of each. Various individual feathers in the immature birds exhibit an admixture of adult and young coloration in varying degrees, but if I read this problem rightly, the explanation of this is not very different from that of Accipiter gularis. From these examples and from similar ones in a number of other species of Paradiseidz, it seems clear that this mixture of colour is not due to the accidental replacing of lost feathers between the moults ; in the Paradise-birds the fully adult plumage is not assumed for several years, and the feather-papille take an irregular a et har tains anes 6 75 [ Vol. xxxiu. and lengthy period to attain their full development; hence . for several successive moults a gradually increasing number of feathers, showing in varying degrees an admixture of adult and immature ccloration, is met with.” Mr. Roruscuizp also made remarks on the correct name of Montagu’s Harrier, and exhibited several copies of Albin’s ‘Natural History of Birds’ to show the great diversity in tke coloration of the plates. He said :— “ After the time of Linneus the synonymy of the Hen- Harrier and Montagu’s Harrier became much confused, owing to both species having been given a number of additional names by more recent authors. The error in the use of Linnzus’s name ‘ Falco pygargus’ was first perpetuated by Naumann in 1822, when he applied it to the Hen Harrier. The late Dr. Sharpe pointed out this mistake in 1874 by drawing attention to the fact that Linnzus had founded his F. pygargus on Albin’s ‘ Ring Tail,’ and that the plate in the ‘Natural History of Birds’ [vol. 11. pl. v. (1734)] undoubtedly represented a male of Montagu’s Harrier. While working out the correct names of these Harriers for the new B. O. U. ‘List of British Birds,’ Mr. W. L. Sclater drew my attention to the plate of the ‘ Ring Tail’ in the copy of Albin’s work in the Tweeddale Library, and said that he could not see in what way it con- firmed Dr. Sharpe’s statement. I agreed with him that the figure certainly resembled nothing I had ever seen; but, on comparing my own copy, I found, to my astonishment, that the coloration of the plates in the two books was totally different. I then, together with Mr. Iredale, looked up the copy in the Zoological Library at the Natural History Museum, and found that the plate of the ‘ Ring Tail’ agreed with that in my copy. It should be noted that Albin’s work in the Museum Library is a first-edition, while those in the Tweeddale and in my own library are second-edition copies. It is almost certain that Linnzus took his description of F. pygargus from a first-edition copy, in which the plate is a2 Vol. xxxii. | 76 certainly a good representation of Montagu’s Harrier. We can therefore rest assured that the correct name for this species is Circus pygargus (Linn.). “T further wish to draw your attention to the great differences which exist in the figures of other birds in these three copies of Albin’s work. These variations in the coloration of the plates ought to make us very careful how we apply names founded by the early writers on figures only ; for it is quite conceivable that the plates in other books, such — as Edwards’s ‘ Gleanings’ and some of the early works, may vary in a similar way in different copies.” Dr. Ernst Harrert exhibited and described examples of the following new subspecies of birds :— IcrERUS XANTHORNUS TRINITATIS, subsp. n. This island race is nearest to L. x. heliveides Clark from the island of Margarita, but the wings are shorter and the distal ends of the primaries have no white edges to the outer webs; and in the majority of specimens the bill is smaller. Wing in ten adult males 96-99°5 mm., as compared with 104 in the male of I. 2. helioeides. TI. x. trinitatis differs from J. #. wanthornus from Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guianas in having a larger bill, longer wings, and in lacking the white edges to the distal halves of the outer webs of the primaries; also the white markings on the wing-coverts are more restricted. In some specimens of J. x. trinitatis a faint indication of white edges to the distal portions of the primaries can be traced. Some specimens from N.E. Venezuela have somewhat larger bills and longer wings than usual, thus approaching the Trinidad form ; but the majority, even from N.E. Venezuela, are readily distinguishable. Hab. island of Trinidad. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢ ad. Savannah Grande, Trinidad, 18.11.97. Dr. Perey Rendall coll. Obs. There is a series of this form in the Tring Museum collected by H. André. ae 77 [ Vol. xxxili. EUuPHONIA FULVICRISSA OMISSA, subsp. n. Differs from H. f. fulvicrissa from Panama, Costa Rica, and Veragua in having the upperside, sides of head, neck, and throat metallic steel-blue, instead of bluish bottle- green. Hab. Colombia (Ndanama in Western Colombia and Bogota collections). Type in the Tring Museum: ¢ ad. Native-made Bogota skin. Ex coll. Comte de Dalmas. Obs. Mr. Hellmayr has already called attention to these two forms (P. Z.S. 1911, vol. i. p. 1100); but he refrained from naming one of them, as he could not examine the type, which is preserved in the British Museum. There is no doubt as to which form the type belongs, for it agrees entirely with skins from Central America; but there is some doubt about the locality whence it came. Sclater, in his original description, said that it came from “ Santa Marta in New Granada,” and that it had been received by Messrs. Verreaux from their collector at Santa Marta. The label on the type gives only “New Granada” (i.e. Colombia), and, as the localities on specimens bought from Messrs. Verreaux are notoriously incorrect, it is quite possible that the type came from Central America, especially as recent collectors do not seem to have obtained examples of Huphonia fulvicrissa in Santa Marta. i. f. omissa may be said to be intermediate between E. f. fulvicrissa and EL. f. purpurascens from W. Ecuador, which has a deep purple upperside and much less white on the lateral rectrices. EUPHONIA ELRGANTISSIMA VINCENS, subsp. n. Differs from L. e. elegantissima from Mexico in that both sexes have the crown of a deeper and rather more purplish- blue. In the majority of specimens the forehead is also of a lighter rufous and the wing is shorter : 65-68 mm. against 67-70 in adult males. Hab. Costa Rica and Chiriqui. Vol. xxxiii.| 78 Type in the Tring Museum: ¢ ad. San José, Costa Rica, 20.1.98. C.F. Underwood coll. TANGARA AURULENTA GOODSONT, subsp. n. Similar to Tangara (Calliste auct.) a. aurulenta from Colom- bia, but the crown is of a paler golden-yellow, the edges to the feathers of the back lighter ; the ramp golden-green, instead of orange or brownish-orange; and the underside lighter and of a less brownish-orange. Size similar. Hab. W. Keuador. Type in the Tring Museum: ¢ ad. Gualea, vii. 98. Walter Goodfellow coll. Obs. All specimens with exact localities, 7. e. from Antio- quia and Cauca Valley, from Colombia, and nearly all Bogoté skins are darker, while fifteen skins from W. Ecuador differ from them as described above. Similar differences have already been noticed by Mr. Hellmayr (c/. P. Z. S. 1911, p. 1103). Among our Bogota skins there are two which are similar to our new subspecies ; we know, however, of several other instances of subspecies not found together occurring occasionally among the skins exported from Bogota. This new form has been named after Mr. Arthur Goodson, who first noticed the differences while arranging the Tana- gridz in the Tring Museum. FRINGILLA C@LEBS OMBRIOSA, Subsp. n. The Chaffinch inhabiting the island of Hierro (Ferro), in the Canary group, has hitherto been united with F. c. palme, from Palina, but it differs from the latter in having the rump washed with green. The under-surface is also inter- mediate in colour between that of F. c. palme and F.c. canariensis, but generally more like that of the former, though the vinous-buff colour, as a rule, extends further down the sides of the breast. Hab. Island of Hierro (Ferro). Type in the Tring Museum: ¢ ad. Hierro, 16.ii. 03. Captain Polatzek coll. 79 [ Vol. xxxiii. Oés. It has already been pointed out by Mr. Meade-Waldo (‘ Ibis,’ 1893, p. 193) that “in Hierro an intermediate form between F. palme aud F. canariensis occurs.” The name ombriosa is derived from Ombrios, the ancient name of the island. I treat all the Chaffinches from N.W. Africa and the Atlantic islands as geographical races of the European form; those who disagree with this arrangement may call the new form Fringilla canariensis ombriosa. Mr. C. Cuuss exhibited and described examples of two new forms of Rhea from Tarapaca and Bolivia, and remarked :— “Upon investigating the so-called Darwin’s Rhea from South America, I find that two species have been confused, the Tarapaca bird being very different from the Patagonian species. Through the kindness of the Hon. Walter Roth- schild I have been able to examine Bolivian examples, and find that these differ subspecifically from the 'Tarapaca bird. I propose to name these new forms “ PTEROCNEMIA TARAPACENSIS, Sp. 0. “ Adult male. Head and entire neck ash-grey; interscapular region rufous-brown, shaft-lines similar, the base of the feathers being lead-grey ; shorter scapulars uniform rufous- brown, longer scapulars brown tipped with white; wing- coverts rufous-brown, the newly moulted feathers darker, with broad white tips; backfor the greater part white; sides of the body also white ; hinder portion of the thighs very pale grey; under-surface of the body dull white. Entire scutes on the distal portion of the tarsi ten in number. Culmen 62 mm.; tarsus 317; middle toe and claw 147. ‘© Hab. Tarapaca. ‘“Type in the British Museum: ¢ ad. Canchosa, Tara- paca, 4.11.90 (A. A. Lane). H. Berkeley James coll. “ PrRROCNEMIA TARAPACENSIS GARLEPPI, subsp. n. «« Adult male. Head and upper neck isabelline-buff; re- mainder of the neck dusky brown, with whitish bases to the Vol. xxxui. | 80 feathers and conspicuous dark shaft-lines; interscapular region also dusky brown, with whitish bases to the feathers ; shorter scapulars uniform brown ; longer scapulars blackish- brown tipped with white ; wing-coverts dark grey, margined with brown and longitudinally tipped with white; back for the most part fawn-brown ; sides of the body and hinder aspect of the thighs ash-grey, some of the feathers on the sides of the body tipped with white; under-surface of the body dull white. Entire scutes on the distal portion of the tarsi eight to ten in number. Culmen 62 mm. ; tarsus 820; middle toe and claw 144. “ Hab. Bolivia. “Type in the Tring Museum: ¢ ad. Esperanza, Bolivia, 4000 metres, 9.x.96. Gustav Garlepp coll. “The following keys may help to identify the genera and species :— Key to the Genera. A. Tarsus naked, the front portion scutellated along its entire length ; nestling covered with stiffened hair-like feathers ........ RaEA. B. Tarsus feathered on the proximal portion and scutellated on the distal portion only ; nestling covered with soft down ........ PTEROCNEMIA. “ Genus Ruea Briss. Key to the Species. A. Upper surface sooty-brown; under surface ash-erey. Culmen 102 mm.; middle toe Phau Gleb, JWG) sy oaoo nb ongdae oo0 coe eos americana. B. Upper surface lead-grey; under surface pearl-white. Culmen 97 mm.; middle toe snd! claw: G2 iF reg eerste sole ten ery ce americana rothschildi. ““Genus Prerocnemia Gray. Key to the Species. A. Upper surface grey, everywhere blotched with white; scutes on lower portion of the tarsus sixteen to eighteenin number.. pennata. ute” 81 [ Vol. xxxui. B. Upper surface rufous-brown or greyish- brown; scutes on lower portion of the tarsus eight to ten in number. a. Head and entire neck ash-grey ; upper Surtace rutous-browmr joes ase sas: tarapacensis. 6. Head and upper neck isabelline-buff, lower portion of the neck dusky brown; upper surface greyish-brown .........+.... tarapacensis garleppt.” Major H. H. Harineton read descriptions of three new subspecies, which he proposed to name :— PELLORNEUM RUFICEPS GRANTI, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar to P.rujiceps Swains., but an altogether much darker and more richly coloured form. Head dark chestnut ; supercilium from behind the eye pale buff with dusky tips; feathers on the forehead tipped with black ; feathers of the crown with pale shafts; the whole upper plumage, wings, and tail dark olive-brown tinged with rufous; chin and throat white; breast white with oblong spots of dark olive-brown producing a heavily streaked appearance ; sides of the breast and flanks paler olive- brown. Iris dark red-brown; bill above black, below horny-white ; legs, feet, and claws pale fleshy. Length 178 mm.; culmen 18; wing 76; tail 66; tarsus 28. Hab. Travancore. Type in the British Museum: ¢. Mynall, 10. 11.77. Hume coll. Obs. When examining the series of skins of Pellorneum in the Natural History Museum, I noticed that a specimen from Travancore was much darker and more richly coloured than the rest. I pointed this out to Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, who kindly wrote to the Director of the Travancore Museum for the loan of any specimens he might have. The Director most obligingly forwarded five examples of Pellorneuwm from different parts of India, and amongst them one from Travancore which is identical in colour with the specimen in the National Museum. Thisshows that the Travancore bird is undoubtedly distinct from the form found at Coonoor Vol. xxxiil. | 82 and further to the north. J have therefore much pleasure in naming this very well-marked subspecies after Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. PreRYTHIUS XANTHOCHLORIS OCCIDENTALIS, subsp. n. Adult. Similar to P. xanthochloris, Hodgs., but the male has the crown and nape pale ash-grey instead of blackish. In the female the head is greenish, with a wash of grey instead of dark grey. Hab. N.W. Himalaya. Obs. Mr. Oates has already drawn attention to the fact that birds from Nepal and Sikhim have the head much darker than those from the N.W. Himalaya. Type in the British Museum: ~¢. Dehra (G. F. L. Marshall). Tweeddale coll. PrERYTHIUS PALLIDUS HYBRIDA, subsp. n. Adult. Intermediate between P. pallidus David, from China, and P. xanthochloris Hodgs., from Nepal, having a white ring round the eye as in the former, but the grey of the head confined to the crown and nape, as in the latter. The coloration of the underparts is also similar to that of P. xanthochloris. Hab. Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills. Type in the British Museum: g, 25.11.04; ?, 18.iv.04: Mt. Victoria. G. Rippon coll. Mr. W. R. Oaitvise-Grant exhibited an immature male example of the Carolina Crake (Porzana carolina), which had been shot on the 12th of November by Mr. A. Blain in a bog near Ness, Stornoway, in the Island of Lewis, Outer Hebrides. This was the fourth known instance of the occurrence of this American species in the British Isles. The specimen exhibited had been forwarded as an example of the Spotted Crake (P. porzana), an immature example of which was also exhibited to show the differences between the two species. Three out of the four British-killed examples were now in the National Collection, Mr. H. 8. Eyre having recently presented the adult killed on the Kennet, near 83 [| Viol xxi Newbury, Berks, in October 1864, while Mr. E. Lort Phillips had likewise presented the immature male shot by himself on the Island of Tiree on the 25th of October, 1901. The other specimen had been caught near Cardiff in the spring of 1888, and presented by Mr. Proger to the Zoological Gardens, Regent’s Park. Mr. E. C. Stuart Baker exhibited a pair of Pheasants of the genus Lihagenes, which had been obtained by Capt. F. M. Bailey in the Mishmi Hilis, and made the following remarks :—. “These two birds appear to belong to the subspecies Tihagenes cruentus kuseri recently described by Mr. William C. Beebe from two specimens in the Paris Museum. “'The Paris specimens, both males, one of which is now in the British Museum collection, were obtained in Yunnan, a very considerable distance from the Mishmi Hills, and the male bird sent from this latter place differs from them in several. particulars. Generally speaking, the colours are deeper and more vivid, the grey is everywhere darker, and the crimson richer and still more extended on the lower parts*. The white strize on the back are narrower and less conspicuous, whilst, on the other hand, those on the wing-quills are broader. These quills also appear to be darker and the secondaries, especially the innermost, are less broadly edged with whitish- buff. In J. ¢. kusert the inner quills are much mottled with buff, whereas in this bird they are immaculate except for the broad white strie. These buff mottlings are, however, almost certainly signs of immaturity and the other differences may be due to the same cause, so IJ refrain from giving a name to these specimens. “1 should note that a second male received from Capt. Bailey through Dr. Annandale, of the Calcutta Museum, is exactly like the one now described. “The female of J. c. kusert has never been described. It differs from the female of J. cruentus in being very much * [The specimens in the Paris Museum haye been mounted and exposed for some years to the light.—Eb. | Vol. xxxiii, | 84. darker all over. The rufous in J. cruentus is replaced by brown in I. c. kuseri and the breast is vermiculated with brown and buff instead of being almost plain rusty-rufous as in the former bird. The slate-colour of the head and nape is much darker, almost black, and the chestnut of the forehead and sides of the head of a richer colour. “The dimensions of both sexes appear to be the same as in J. cruentus. “The colours of the soft parts are not given by Capt. Bailey, but in the fresh skin the legs of the male are of a vivid scarlet-lake with two short black spurs on each leg. The bill is brownish horn-colour, almost black. In the female the legs are a dull horny brown, very possibly more flesh-coloured in life, and the bill is practically black. “In aletter which I have received the birds are said to have been met with between 18,000 and 12,000 feet, but as the two specimens sent were taken at about 8000 feet the former height of 18,000 may be merely a clerical error for 8000.” The Rev. F. C. R. Jourparn exhibited a clutch of eggs of the Spur-winged Plover, Hoplopterus spinosus (L.), taken by Mr. F. R.S. Baxendale on the Ist of June, 1913, at Kouklia Reservoir, Cyprus. Although this species was said to have nested previously on the island, this was the first time that it had been definitely proved to breed there. The clutch was also remarkable on account of its containing the unusual number of five eggs, which in this case were undoubtedly the produce of the same bird. Mr. R. H. Reap also exhibited a clutch of four eggs of the Spur-winged Plover, taken in Egypt, together with the skin of an adult bird. Major F. W. Proctor exhibited eggs of the following species :— 1. A set of 8 eggs of the Great Tirmouss (Parus major newlont) taken at Maidenhead Thicket on the 21st of May, 1910. The eggs had been laid in the nest of a Hawfinch, 85 [Vol. xxxiu. built in a plane-tree 28 feet from the ground. ‘The par- ticulars had already been recorded (‘ British Birds,’ iv. pat; 1910). He added that last year a pair of Great Tits, possibly the same pair, had laid in an old nest of a Greenfinch, about 8 feet from the ground. 2. Two clutches of eggs and a nest of the Canarian form of the Buackcar (Sylvia atricapilla) taken at Las Palmas, Gran Canary, April 1906. The eggs were of the ordinary type laid by that species. 3. A series of eggs of the Roszarr Tern (Sterna dougalli) taken on the island of Kiunga, off the east coast of Africa, in August 1906. This species, and also Lichtenstein’s Tern (S. albigena), breed there in countless thousands. The series of eggs of the Roseate Tern was exhibited to show that, on the whole, they were easily distinguishable from eggs of the Common and Arctic Terns. As a rule, they were somewhat longer and narrower than eggs of the two last- named species, but not always; the ground-cslour was either of a light buff or yellowish-stone colour, and the underlying shel]-markings were slaty or violet-blue, while the surface- spots and markings were of a dark sepia-brown. Mr. H. G. Atexanper made the following remarks on the supposed occurrence of the Siberian Chiffchaff in Kent :— “On the 28th of November and subsequently, I have ob- served a bird in West Kent which I believe to be a Siberian Chitichaff (Phylloscopus tristis) ; | have made no effort to shoot it, as it seems to me more interesting to watch it and see how long it will stay. “It looks very white below, with slight buff-grey markings on the sides, particularly on the lower breast; above the general colour is greyish-brown, with slight buff edges to the quills; the only real yellow is on the shoulder ; the eye-stripe is fairly distinct in certain lights, chiefly behind the eye, and the line through the eye is decidedly dark ; the bill, eyes, and legs are very dark or black. “T have frequently heard it utter a single note, which is Vol. xxxiii.] 86 quite different from any note of the Chiffchaff which I have heard, though I have observed numbers of these birds wintering in the south of France. It has a single note, a good deal like that of a Coal-Titmouse or Hedge-Sparrow, and certainly not like the note described by Seebohm and Gitke. “ An example of some allied species of Phylloscopus, which I saw in West Kent three or four years ago, in December and January, was much greener and yellower. “It may or may not be a mere coincidence that the bird has taken up its quarters in a locality where I have twice before, and again this year, seen Firecrests (Regulus igni- capillus) in winter.” Mr. W. Firzuersert Brocknoues exhibited eggs of the following species of birds, showing remarkable variations both in shape and colour :— 1. Misrue-Turusu. Two clutches showing variation in s1Ze. 2. Bracksirp. ‘Two clutches showing variation in shape. 3. Biracksrrp and Heper-Srarrow. The eggs of both species, laid in a nest jointly constructed by these birds, have already been described in the ‘ Bulletin’ (¢f. x. p. cil, 1900). 4. Sone-Turusu. A remarkable clutch of seven very small eges, much lke those of a Hedge-Sparrow, taken at Claughton, Lancashire, on the 9th of May, 1908. The following year a similar clutch of six was found near the same place. 5. Skytark. Clutch of four almost white eggs taken at Overton, Lancashire, on the 30th of April, 1918. millions in number, in which this remarkable ‘streams,’ Cormorant leaves for and returns from the feeding-areas out at sea. (3) The Brazittan Cormorant (P. vigua) showing its nest on rocks—feathers, bones of birds, and seaweed being used as building-material. (4) The nesting-habits of the Nzsoux’s Boosy (Sula nebouxit) were illustrated by 18 slides, showing the sparse manner of nesting on the “ pampa,”’ the nests, and the young in varicus stages from the fledgling to the first full plumage, when the birds were able to provide for them- selves. (5) The Varircatep Boosy (Sula variegata). This species, though so similar to Sula nebourii, has a very different nesting-habit ; its nest was invariably placed clese to the top of the cliffs overhanging the sea or on ledges on their face. Although they are distributed all along the 119 | Vol. xxxifi. coast of Peru in the non-breeding season, they rarely nested north ef the Guanape Islands, while Sula nebouzii nested rarely or in far fewer numbers south of that latitude. Photographs of this species were very difficult to obtain, and ouly three characteristic views were shown. (6) The Curtran Sxua (Catharacta chilensis). Five slides of this species, which delights to sport in the surf along the shore, were exhibited. (7) The Dominican Gutu (Larus dominicanus). A small series of slides, showing groups on the shore and in various attitudes of flight. (8) Bexcumr’s Guu (Larus belcheri). Nestling. (9) Several slides showing the Turkey-Vutture, Cathartes atrata and Larus dominicanus, looting nests of Pelecanus thagus and of Phalacrocorax bougainvillii. (10) Several siides illustrating the attitudes of Sula nebouxt in the act of diving. Mr. D. Seru-Smitn exhibited a number of slides from photographs taken in the London Zoological Gardens :— 1. The Kaeu (Rhinochetus jubatus) in various attitudes of display. 2. The Sun-Birrern (Eurypyga helias) in display. 3. The Peacock-Pueasant (Polyplectron chinquis). The male in partial and full display to the female. 4. The immature Rock-HopreR Prnauin (Catarrhactes chrysocome), the Grntoo Preneuin (Pygosceles papua), and the Kine-PENneuIN (Aptenodytes patayonica) ; the latter showing the peculiar attitude adopted when trumpeting. 5. The Buack-NEcKeD Swan (Cygnus melanocoryphus) carrying its young on its back. 6 Nestlings of Cariama cristata and Larus hemprichi. These photographs were a remarkably interesting set, and portrayed many attitudes of these rare birds seldom seen. The attitudes adopted by the two Kagus when first intro- duced to one another caused much amusement. Vol. xxxiui. | 120 Mr. K. J. A. Davis showed the following slides :— (1) Nieursar (Caprimulgus europeus), showing how the bird disappears when asleep. (2) Wooncock (Scolopax rusticola) on its nest. (3) Lesser Turn (Slerna minuta) onits nest ; the Lesser Tern, with a Ringed Plover standing behind; the Ringed Plover on the Tern’s nest; and on its own nest. (4) Repsuanx (Totanus calidris) on its nest. (5) Norrotk Prover (Gidicnemus wdicnemus) in various attitudes approaching its nest. (6) Warer-Ratrt (Rallus aquaticus) coming on to its nest ; sitting ; concealing the nest with rushes ; and going off. (7) Ricnarpson’s Sxua (Séercorarius parasiticus), sitting and in various attitudes as it alightéd. These were remarkably successful photographs, the pictures of Richardson’s Skua with its wings expanded at the moment of alighting being particularly pleasing. The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednes- day, the 8th of April, 19114, at PAGANIS RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. ] (Signed) R.G. Warpiaw- W.R.Ocrtvie-Grant, H.F. Wirnersy, Ramsay, Editor. Sec. § Treas. Chairman. SS ON ARO av Sid z. Bo TAREE WEN (may 16 10 x OF THE SRURISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. CXCVII. Tre hundred and ninety-fourth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 8th of April, 1914. Chairman: EK. G. B. Meape-Watpo. Members present :—H. C. Stuarr Baker, D. A. Banner- man, G. K. Baynes, E. Binweit, C. Borrer, Major B. R. Horssrvuen, G. C. Lambert, G. E. Loper, H. Mun, W. R. Ocitvis-Grant (Editor), C. Otpnam, C. B. Rickert, F. C. Szxrovus, D. Sera-Smitn, Il. F. Witnersy (See. & Treas.). Visitor :—C. Court Treatt. Mr. E. ©. Sruart Baker exhibited a male specimen and a chick of the very rare Eared Pheasant, Crossoptilon harmani, and made the following remarks :—“ This bird has been represented hitherto by the type specimen only obtained by Mr. H. J. Elwes 150 miles east of Lhassa. It consists principally of the head and neck, the tail, and some portions of the body. A specimen of C. auritum, the species to which C. harmani is most nearly allied, is also exhibited, in order to demonstrate the differences between the two [April 18th, 1914.] NOEs S.A. Wolkoosaw] 122 birds. In C. harmani the upperparts are dark ashy-grey, almost black on the neck, instead of blue-grey, while the rump is much paler than in C. auritum. The latter has the upper plumage uniform in colour from the nape to the upper tail-coverts. In C. harmani the white on the cheeks and ears extends in a broad white band across the nape, whereas in C. auritum there is only a faint indication of white; in the former bird, also, the white of the chin extends in a narrow line down the throat and fore-neck. The sides of the neck and upper breast are very deep glossy ashy-grey, gradually changing to paler ashy-grey on the flanks and breast, and to white on the middle of the abdomen. The tail is of a metallic blue-black, glossed with green and blue, the middle feathers changing to purplish- grey at the base. There is no white on the outer tail- feathers, as is the case in C. auritum. In the young bird, which I imagine to be between ten days and a fortnight old, the upper plumage is dull black changing to dark ashy-grey on the rump and upper tail- coverts; the shoulders and wings are vermiculated with reddish bars and the wing-coverts have broad reddish-fulvous shaft-streaks. The distribution of white on the head is the same as in the adult and the long ear-tufts are partially developed, but the white does not extend down the throat. The upper breast and flanks have the feathers black with the centres and terminal edges fulvous; the lower breast and abdomen are dirty white, the vent and under tail-coverts dull ashy-grey with white tips, and the tail-feathers blue- black, more or less glossed with blue. The specimens exhibited were obtained by Captain F. M. Bailey in the Mishmi-Abor Hills, at elevations between 10,000 and 12,000 feet, at which latter height the birds were breeding. Captain Bailey gives the following notes on the colour of the soft parts :— ‘* Adult male. Iris orange-brown; bill light reddish-brown ; legs scarlet.” 123 [ Vol. xxxiii. “Young. Iris brown; bill horn- coloured, lighter below ; legs reddish-brown.” The chick was killed on the 16th of July. Mr. Sruart Baker also showed three forms of the Scimitar-Babbler, Pomatorhinus erythr ae ys, and made the following pees — ‘* POMATORHINUS ERYTHROGENYS Vigors. “The earliest description of this bird is that published by Vigors (cf. P. Z.S. 1831, p. 173) : ‘Subtus albescens, capitis colli abdominisque lateribus, crissoque rufis.’ his description is taken from the bird which formed the subject of the plate by Gould in his ‘Century of Himalayan Birds, Plate 55. Here the bird is described as having the ‘throat and underparts white,’ and even the chin, though shaded, is depicted as white. “Tt is not certain where this specimen was obtained : it is said to be ‘ equally dispersed over the whole of the moun- tainous regions of India.” There can, however, be little doubt that it must have come from tle extreme western portion of the bird’s range in the North-western Himalaya. “Tn 1826, Hodgson gave the MS. name, P. ferrugilatus, to a species of Scimitar-Babbler, and in 1831] he again named it P. gouldi. In 1836 he published a description of the species under the latter name (cf. ‘ Asiatic Researches,’ xix. p- 180). ‘‘Dr. Hartert (Nov. Zool. v. p. 637), in reviewing the Pomatorhini, revived the name P. ferrugilatus for the Nepal form, which is very close to typical P. erythrogenys, but has the chin and throat indistinctly marked with grey-brown or ashy-brown. This Nepal bird, however, is nothing but an intermediate form between typical P. erythrogenys and the Scimitar-Babbler which extends east from Sikhim, and which has the whole chin, throat, and upper breast dark ashy- brown, the feathers having merely whitish bases on the chin and throat, and white centres on the breast. The upper- parts are also somewhat darker and less rufescent in the Vol. xxxii.| 124 eastern than in the western form. The type of P. ferrugi- latus is much nearer the extreme western than the extreme eastern form, and cannot stand as typical of the latter. I propose to name the eastern form “ POMATORHINUS HARINGTONI, Sp. 0, after Major Harington, who has lately been working at the Indian Timelidz and has done much towards working out their correct classification and distribution.” Type in the British Museum: Ad. Darjeeling, ii. 73. - Hume coll. Mr. Stuart Baker also exhibited two eggs of the Blood- Pheasant, Jthagenes cruentus kuseri, and drew attention to their similarity to the eggs cf Grouse. The eggs exhibited were taken at an altitude of some 12,000 feet, with deep snow lying all round the nest. Mr. W. R. Ocitviz-Grant exhibited a specimen of Schlegel’s Petrel{(Wsirelata neglecta), and made the following remarks :— “The Petrel which I have brought for exhibition to-night is the same individual that was shown by Mr. C. Oldham at the meeting of the Club held on the 20th May, 1908. It was found dead near Tarporley, Cheshire, on the Ist of April, 1908, and recorded by Professor R. Newstead and Mr.T. A. Coward (P. Z. 8. 1908, p. 433). The bird was sent to the Natural History Museum for examination in 1908, and identified by the late Dr. Sharpe as . neglecta (Schlegel). Recently, some doubt has been cast on the correctness of this decision, and Professor R. Newstead brought me the bird and requested that it should be re-examined. ‘This I have done, and find that it is without doubt a specimen of GY. neglecta. “It has, I believe, been suggested that the Cheshire specimen would probably prove to be CY. trinttatis from South Trinidad, but this is not the case, as may be seen by an examination of examples of the two species which I have brought for comparison. All the specimens of ] cw) 5 [ Vol. xxxill. GE. neglecta from the Kermadec Islands, both of the dark and light phases, have the shafts of the primary-quills white and the toes distinctly longer, while in the birds from South Trinidad, both @. trinitatis and Ct. arminjoniana (including (i. wilsoni, which is merely a darker phase of the latter), the shafts of the primaries are blackish and the toes distinctly shorter. The difference in the shafts of the quills does not appear to have been noted previously, but is very apparent. It will be seen by slightly opening the wing of the Cheshire specimen that the shafts of the primary-quills are conspicuously white.” Mr. Ocrivie-Grant also exhibited an abnormally marked female example of the Wigeon (Mareca penelope), and said :— “A female example of a Wigeon killed in Tralee Bay, Kerry, on the 20th of November, 19138, after.a heavy gale from the N.W., was recently brought to the Museum for identification. Mr. C. W. Hulse, who shot the bird with others out of a very large flock of Wigeon, believed it to be a female of M. americana. This, however, is not the case, though the plumage is different from that of the Common Wigeon. It appears without doubt to be a very old fimale assuming male plumage. It will be noticed that many of the median wing-coverts are mostly white and the inner black secondary-quiils, the 7th and 8th in the series, have a distinct patch of metallic green towards the base of the outer web. Mr. Millais, in his ‘ Natural History of British Surface-feeding Ducks,’ does not give any very definite characters for recognizing the females of the American and Common Wigeon. ‘They are, however, easily distinguished by the axillaries, which are white speckled with grey in the Common Wigecn and pure white in the American species. ‘This character has already been pointed out in my ‘Key to the Species of Anatide’ in ‘The Gun at Home and Abroad,’ i. p. 294 (1912), and I am not aware that anyone else has noticed it. It is, however, a very valuable means of distinguishing between the two species, and appears to be a perfectly constant character.” Vol. xxxiii. ] 126 Mr. H. F. Witnersy exhibited an erythristic variety of the Bamboo-Partridge (Bambusicola thoracica) obtained by Capt. H. Lynes, R.N., at Tatung, China, on the 20th of February, 1911. Three others from the same covey were collected, and these were in normal plumage. Capt. Lynes also remarked that the remainder of the covey (about ten in all) were also normally coloured. The specimen was described as follows :— “Throat and breast entirely orange-chestnut, without — any grey; crown, back of the neck, mantle, and scapulars uniform chestnut, darker on the mantle and scapulars ; ~ wing-coverts buff and chestnut; rump and upper tail-coverts orange-buff, with spear-shaped chestnut centres; middle tail-feathers orange-buff and slightly vermiculated with brown. All the grey- coloration in the normal plumage is replaced by chestnut or buff; there are no transverse vermiculations on the feathers of the throat or upper- parts, and no perceptible superciliary stripe.” The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednes- the 13th of May, 1914, at PAGANIS RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to vm Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [ N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | (Signed) E.G.B. Mreapr- W.R.Ocitvis-Grant, H.F. Witnersy, WaALpo, Editor. Sec. & Treas. Chairman. te ee od hin \ JUNIS } FU EN Spee noe Vion OF THE BallisH ORNITHOLOGISTS CLUB: No. CXCVITI. Tue hundred and ninety-fifth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W., on Wednesday, the 13th of May, 1914. Chairman: E. G. B. Mrape-Wa tno. Members present :—H. G. Atexanprer, D. A. Banner- MAN, H. G. Barctay, G. K. Baynes, E. Brpwettz, P. F. Bunyarp, C. Cuuss, C. Court-Treatt, H.J. Eiwes, F.R.S., Capt. E. S. Gopman, A. F. Grirritu, G. E. Loner, P. R. Lows, M.D., Capt. H. Lynes, R.N., G. A. Macmitian, H. Munt, M. J. Nicott, W. R. Ocitviz-Grant (Editor), C. OtpHam, C. EH. Pearson, F. G. Penrost, M.D., Major F. W. Proctor, C. B. Rickert, W. L. Scrater, F. C. SELovs, D. Sera-Smiru, E. F. Stanrorp, C. F. M. Swynnerron, C. G. Taxsor-Ponsonsy, C. B. Ticznurst, M.B., N. F. TiceHurst, F.R.C.S., H. M. Wauuis, H. F. Wirnersy (Sec. & Treas.) ; C. Woopuovse, M.D. Visitors :—Francis E. Biagc, Commander Dayrewy Davies, R.N., J. E. Hartinc, Wittovensy P. Lows, Anevus Lys Lu. [May 28th, 1914.]j a VOL, XXXIII. Vol. xxxiii.] 128 Captain H. Lynas, R.N., gave an account of an expedition to the Sudan which he had made m company with Mr. Abel Chapman and Mr. Willoughby P. Lowe, and described some of the birds which the party had met with in the country behind Suakim and on the Blue and White Niles. With the aid of a large-scale map he traced out the course of their journey. Arriving at Suakim in November 1913, after a few days’ collecting, the party took train and arrived at Khartoum, and thence journeyed up the Blue Nile and along its tributary the Dinder River, where a month was very profitably spent and many valuable skins of mammals, birds, efe., were procured. Returning to Khartoum early in January they sailed in a well-appointed dahabiyeh up the White Nile with the intention of proceeding to Redjaf. Lack of time and inability to extend their charter of the dahabiyeh prevented their getting further than Lake No. The month of February was spent in the west to east bend of the White Nile between Lake No and the Sobat River ; here many birds characteristic of the Southern Sudan began to occur, and a new species of Bush-Lark of the genus Mirafra, as well as a new subspecies of Reed- Warbler of the genus Calamocichla were discovered. The party returned to Khartoum in the middle of March, and thence proceeded by railway to the Red Sea Province, where they spent three weeks in the hills behind Suakim | at an altitude of 3000 feet. Here they were able to make observations on the breeding-habits of many of the birds, besides adding to the collection of mammals, birds, and insects. This completed their trip, and the party returned to England at the end of April, with a collection of some 1500 birds and mammals, besides insects, ete. The collections have been presented to the British Museum, and the party hope before long to give a detailed account of the ornithological section in ‘The Ibis.’ 7) 129 [Vol. xxxiii. MIRAFRA SOBATENSIS, Sp. 1. Adult male (in fresh plumage). In the Polo eBaramen of the wing and tail, on which Reichenow’s key (Vog. Afr.) is founded, it resembles M. fischeri (Reichenow), but differs from that species in being considerably larger and in the following points :—The whole of the upperside, including all the inner secondaries, very dark sepia, almost black ; no pale cross-bands on any of the feathers, except on the upper tail-coverts ; the hind neck slightly browner than the mantle, which has a greyish “ bloom,” owing to the structure .of the feathers. The underparts are more heavily spotted on the crop. Iris vandyk-brown; upper mandible blackish- horn, lower pale drab; legs and feet vinaceous-fawn. Adult female. Resembles the male, but is a trifle smaller. Measurements of 6 birds from the Sobat River, 28.1. 14— 4, 11. 14 :— 3¢. Wing 83-87 mm.; tail 58-59; tarsus 25-27. SE TOL O25 5,1 5 a OO-O% 5 6 4, 20a Hab. Plains near the mouth-of the Sobat River, Anglo- Egyptian Sudan. Nothing is known as to its breeding- _ habits. Types in the British Museum: g. No. 400, 28.1.14; @. No. 401, 1. ii. 14. Obs. In the Sobat Bush-Lark all the feathers of the upper parts have the borders or tips pale drab with ochra- ceous tints, as in M. fischert in similar (fresh) plumage. As in other species of Murafra, the pale edges of these feathers would no doubt become worn off in a few months time, and the upperparts would then present a perfectly uniform dark brown (sepia, but less black) appearance. M. zombe O.-Grant, ranging from Nyasaland to Ruwen- zori, looks somewhat like a small form of WM. sobatensis ; but it seldom, if ever, lacks some light rufous-coloured cross-bars on the hind neck and scapular feathers. M. degeni O.-Grant, from Shoa and 8. Abyssinia, nearly resembles. WZ. sobatensis in size, but not in the colour and cross-barring of the mantle. Vol. xxxiii. | 130 CALAMOCICHLA LEPTORHYNCHA NUERENSIS, subsp. ni. Adult male (in fresh plumage). Similar to C. leptorhyncha (Reichenow) found from Abyssinia to the Zambesi, but darker on the rump and probably on the whole of the upper surface ; underparts greyer and altogether duller, especially on the flanks. The basal half of the lower mandible and inside of the mouth of a deep bright orange, very striking in freshly killed specimens, and after three months still conspicuous in the skins collected. Iris tawny; upper mandible sepia; lower mandible deep bright orange, tinged with sepia on the terminal half; legs, feet, and claws dark olive-sepia. Adult female. Similar, but a trifle smaller. Measurements of 16 birds, all from the Nuer Territory ; in 8 of these the sex was not determined ; 9.11. 14— 4. 11. 14: :— ' 5B go. Wing 63-67 mm.; tail 61-63; tarsus 24-25 ; hind claw 8-9. 3 2. Wing 59-62 mm.; tail 58; tarsus 93-94; hind — claw 8-9. Hab. The papyrus-jungle of the Upper White Nile (Nuer Territory), probably ranging southward and resident all through the “ Sudd”’ region. Types in the British Museum: ¢. No. 410, 25.11.14 ; 9. No. 594, 24. ii. 14. Obs. In comparing these skins of the Nuer Lesser Reed- Warbler with C. leptorhyncha in the British Museum and Tring Museum, allowance had to be made for “wear,” since no equivalent plumages were available. In other species of Calamocichla it is apparent that as the plumage gets worn the olive and olive-grey tints change to a dirty brown, and the birds become paler on the under surface. The juvenile plumage is very different to that of the ane being generally tawny. Dr. Rendall describes a breeding male of C. leptorhyncha from the Upper Shire River as having the lower mandible pink-white and the gape yellow. . The much larger Calamocichla ansorgei Hartert, which is 131 | Vol. xxxili. almost identical in colour, has the bill and mouth pale yellowish. It inhabits the same papyrus jungle, and is met with in equal, if not in greater numbers. The songs of the two birds are very different. Captain Lynes also exhibited and described examples of a new species of Weaver-Finch. He said that in the British Museum there were a pair of birds of the genus Ortygospiza from Gaboon, collected by Du Chaillu, which had been referred by Sharpe to O. atricollis (Vieill.) (specimens “6” & “e¢”), but which were obviously of a different species. These he proposed to name ORTYGOSPIZA GABONENSIS, sp. 0. Ortygospiza atricollis Sharpe, Cat. Birds B.M. xii. p. 270 (1890) [part., specs. b & c]. Adult male. Differs from all other known species of Ortygospiza in having the upperparts light tawny brown mottled with sepia, the feather-centres being of the latter colour, instead of uniform, or nearly uniform dark brown ; no white feathers on the chin or round the eye; the under- parts paler rufous, and the white bars on the crop, chest, and flanks of nearly double the width. Adult female. Differs in a similar manner; but the buff on the underparts, though paler, is more extended on the breast and flanks than in the male. Hab. Gaboon. Types in the British Museum: ¢ and ¢. Gaboon. P. B. Du Chaillu coll. Obs. The sex in the two specimens in the British Museum has not been determined, but they are obviously an adult male and female. Mr. C. Cuuss exhibited examples of two new species of birds from British Guiana, which he described as follows :— PLANESTICUS ARTHUR], Sp. 0. Adult. Allied to P. murinus (Salvin), but differs in being smaller, in having the upper surface grey with a slight olive a3 Vol. xxxiil.] 132 wash on the wings; the fore-neck, breast, and sides of the body ash-grey, and the under wing-coverts buffy white. Total length 197 mm., culmen 20, wing 106, tail 81, tarsus 29. Hab. Abary River, British Guiana. Type in the McConnell Collection. Adult, ix. 06. This species is named in honour of Arthur, son of the late Mr. F. V. McConnell. Obs. P. murinus is only known from the Merumé Moun- tains and Roraima, where it has been obtained at altitudes of from 3000 to 5000 ft. EUSCARTHMUS JOSEPHINA, Sp. 0. Adult. Similar to E. zosterops Pelz., but larger and of a more yellowish-green colour: with no bar on the wing and no white edgings to the innermost secondaries. It has a white loral streak, from the base of the bill to the eye, the primary-coverts blackish, forming a wing-spot, the breast uniform yellowish-green, the abdomen and under wing- coverts primrose-yellow, and the under tail-coverts ochraceous- yellow. Total length 107 mm., culmen 14, width of bill at gape 9, wing 55, tail 44, tarsus 19. Hab. Supenaam, west bank of the Hssequebo River. Type in the McConnell Collection. This species is named in honour of Josephine, daughter of the late Mr. F. V. McConnell. Obs. I wish to express my thanks to Mr. C. E. Hellmayr, who has been good enough to compare the birds described above with those in the collection under his charge at Munich. In the case of Huscarthmus josephine he sent the type-specimen to Count von Berlepsch, who very kindly compared it with his specimens of Huscarthmus. Mr. C. F. M. Swynnerton gave a short account of his observations of the habits of certain birds which perforate the calyx of flowers in search of nectar, and made the following remarks :— nt ————e ete —a 52 ek eee 183 ~ [Vol. xxxiii. “1. Birds as Nectar-eaters. “While in Africa I made a number of observations (embodied in a paper read before the Linnean Society on the 5th of March) on Weavers, Waxbills, Whydah-birds, Warblers of three genera, a Shrike, an Oriole, Bulbuls, and other birds which were seen to visit flowers in such a manner as probably to aid in their pollination. My observations support Fritz Miiller’s statement that the more specialized flower-visitors (such as Sun-birds, Humming-birds, etc.) are by no means the exclusive, or always the chief agents in the eross-fertilization of ornithophilous flowers. On the other hand, in many cases short cuts were taken to the nectaries, particularly by individual birds. I exhibit various flowers, showing damage of this kind done by Sun-birds and Whydah-birds, and, amongst British birds, by Blue Tits and by a captive Bullfinch. The Tits were observed to visit mature flowers, evidently for their nectar; the Bullfinch preferred the young buds, of which it ate the ovaries. “2. Damage to a Brick Wall, apparently by Birds. “T exhibit a photograph showing a brick wall with the bricks greatly, and apparently freshly, hollowed out, while the far softer plaster between remained practically intact. House-Sparrows were actually seen pecking at the bricks apparently in search of grit.” Mr. A. F. Grirrity exhibited two examples of the Black- | headed Bunting, which were believed to have been taken in a wild state in the British Isles, and a British-killed specimen of White’s Thrush. He also exhibited a curious pied-specimen of the Common Meadow-Pipit. ]. Biack-HEADED Buntine (Emberiza melanocephala). An adult male caught in mature plumage near Halifax, December 1910. James Hamilton, of Hopwood Lane, Halifax, secured the bird and sold it a few days afterwards for five shillings to Major Johnson, of Melrose House, Hove, Vol. xxxiii.] 134 Sussex. The last-named gentleman kept it alive in his aviaries till the 31st of May, 1912, when it was killed by a “ Clodbird”? (Emberiza calandra). The specimen had been presented to the Booth Museum. The second male exhibited was shot by Roland Oliver at Battle, Sussex, in the first week of April 1912, and was taken, with other birds, to Mr. Bristow, of St. Leonard’s, to be mounted. Shortly after it had been set up, and while still soft, it had been sent to Mr. Griffith, who, having acquired it, presented it to the Booth Museum. 2. Wuitn’s Turusn (Oreocincla aurea). The fine adult bird shown was picked up dead in a garden in Hove, Sussex, on the 26th of September, 1898, and brought on the same day to the late Mr. Henry Cooke, of Wilbury Road. It was sent to Messrs. Pratt to be mounted, where Mr. Griffith inspected the bird in the flesh. On Mr. Cooke’s death in 1914 he bequeathed the bird, with his residue, to Mrs. Jennings, who presented it to the Booth Museum. : 3. Meapvow-Pirit (Anthus pratensis). Pied variety. The bird shown was an adult male shot by the late Mr. C. C. Stehn in October 1880 on the beach at Lancing, Sussex. The specimen had been presented to the Brighton Museum by Mr. Stehn’s brother and sister. It had patches, especially on the wings, of a pale whitish or ash-colour ; and where the ground-colour of the feathers was usually yellowish, the patches were pale yellow in colour. Mr. Ocitvir-Grant exhibited and described examples of a new species of Ground-Robin collected by the late Dr. W. J. Ansorge :— ERYTHROPYGIA ANSORGII, Sp. 0. Adult male. Most nearly allied to H. ruficauda and its close ally, if really separable, H. zambesiana; it resembles the former in having the crown browner and darker than the mantle. It differs chiefly in having the middle tail- ee en, ee ee 135 [ Vol. xxxili. feathers blackish nearly to the base, with very little chestnut, and the outer pair of tail-feathers black en beth webs to the base, only the tips being white, and measuring 12-16 mm. in width. EH. munda, which also inhabits the same part of Northern Angola, is easily distinguished by its larger size, the white edges to the primary-quills, and the much wider white tips to the outer pair of tail-feathers, 20-26 mm. in width. ‘The bill also is longer, and the dark streaks on the under surface are fewer, less distinct, and confined to the chest, whereas in E. ansorgii they commence on the throat. Iris dark brown; upper mandible black, lower mandible ochre-yellow, becoming black at the tip; feet pale bistre or pinkish-brown (J ) or greenish-bistre ( @ ). Male. Yotal length ca. 145 mm.; wing 65-66; tail 58- 59; tarsus 245. Female. Total length ca. 185 mm.; wing 63; tail 55 ; tarsus 23. Hab. North Angola. Types in the British Museum: ¢. No. 165, Malange, 15.11.09; 9. No. 1074, Ndala Tando, 21.x.08. W. J. Ansorge coll. Mr. Ocitvie-Grant also made the following remarks :— “In my Report on the Birds of the Ruwenzori Expedition I followed Dr. Reichenow (cf. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 496) in uniting Elminia teresita Antinori with E. longicauda (Swain- son). On re-examining the specimens with additional material it is evident that the white-bellied LZ. teresita rang- ing from the north of Victoria Nyanza and Albert Nyanza to Camaroon and Angola is at once separable from EH. longi- cauda, which is found from Nigeria to the Gold Coast and Sierra Leone. The birds collected by Mr. G. L. Bates on the River Ja, Camaroon, and recorded by Sharpe as E. longi- cauda, should have been referred to &. teresita.” “At the last Meeting of the Club I drew the attention of the Members to the colour of the axillary plumes in the © Common Wigeon and American Wigcon as affording an Vol. xxxiii. | 136 easy means of distinguishing at a glance between the ducks of the two species. Since the publication of the ‘ Bulletin,’ Major Horsbrugh has kindly forwarded me a page of an American paper, ‘ Forest and Stream,’ published on the 15th of April, 1911, in which Mr. J. C. Phillips has drawn attention to the same point, and has also figured the axillaries to show the differences in these ducks. I regret that I did not receive this sheet in time to include some remark in the last number of the ‘ Bulletin.” As Mr. Phillips’ note was published in an American paper which is probably not very widely read in this country, I do not regret having drawn the attention of our Members to this Hae point, which is certainly known to few. Col. Srepuenson Crarxe sent for exhibition an example of anew subspecies of Camaroptera superciliaris from Uganda which he proposed to name CAMAROPTERA SUPERCILIARIS UGANDA, subsp. n. Adult. Similar to C. superciliaris, which it resembles in the colour of the upperparts, but with the underparts lighter, particularly on the abdomen, which is white without any tinge of olive-brown. The tail is longer than in specimens of C. superciliaris from the West Coast, and measures 37 mm. as compared with 30 mm. or less. The only specimen in the British Museum which approaches the Uganda bird is one from the Congo Forest, which has the belly whiter than in any of the series from the West Coast, but not so white as in the Uganda bird. This specimen has the tail short, measuring 80 mm., and must be referred to C. superciliaris. Hub. Uganda. Type in the British Museum: Adult. Presented by Colonel R. Stephenson Clarke. Mr. H. J. Exwes said that in the Jast number of the ‘ Bulletin’ he had read with very great interest Mr. Stuart Baker’s remarks (pp. 121-8) on the re-discovery of Crosso- ptilon harmani by Captain F. M. Bailey in the Mishmi- 137 [ Vol. xxxiu. Abor Hills. Mr. Elwes reminded the Members that the type-specimen of C. harmant which had been described by himself in the ‘Ibis’ for 1881, p. 399, pl. xi., was preserved in the British Museum. It was a very poor skin, much destroyed by moth, and had been presented to him by Lieut. Harman, R.E., who had received it from one of his native surveyors. It was said to have been obtained 150 miles east of Lhasa, at an elevation of about 4000 feet, but the accuracy of this statement was open to doubt. The species had never been heard of again until Capt. Bailey _had the good fortune to meet with it and to secure adults of both sexes as well as a young bird. Mr. C. G. Tatsot-Ponsonsy exhibited a specimen of the American Goldfinch (Chrysomitris tristis), which was said to have been procured on Achill Island on the 6th of September, 1894. Its occurrence had already been fully recorded by Mr. J. R. Sheridan m the ‘ Zoologist,’ 1894, p. 396, together with remarks by the Editor. The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednes- day, the 10th of June, 1914, at PAGANIS RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Kditor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. | (Signed) E.G.B. Meapz- W.R.Ocitvie-Grant, H. I. Wirnersy, Wa po, Editor. Sec. § Treas. Chairman. oe BULLETIN fy OF THE Nv. BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. No. CXCIX. Tue hundred and ninety-sixth Meeting of the Club was held at Pagani’s Restaurant, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.., on Wednesday, the 10th of June, 1914. Chairman: Hon. Watter Rotuscuitp, Ph.D., F.R.S. Members present :—H. C. Stuart Barer, D. A. BaAnnER- MAN, G. K. Baynes, C. Borner, P. F. Bunyarp, F. D. Drewitr, M.D., H. O. Forses, LL.D., G. H. Gurney, Rey. J. R. Harz, KE. Hartert, Ph.D., Rev. F. C. R. Jour- pain, G. C. LamsBert, G. E. Lopes, E. G. B. Mtape-Watpo, H. Mont, T. H. Newman, W. R. Ocitviz-Grant (Editor), C. HE. Pearson, Major: F. W. Proctor, F. BR. Rarcuirr, R. H. Reap, C. B. Rickert, D. Sera-Smiru, C. G. Tarzor- Ponsonsy, H. F. Wirnersy (Sec. & Treas.), C. WoopHouss, M.D. Visitors :—Capt. F. M. Baitzy, J. M. Borrer, G. Horne, M.D., A. C. Martin, Capt. F.C. W. Vennine. [June 29th, 1914. } VOL, XXXIII. qnsonian /nsti~ JU Ay as Yional M sev Vol. xxxiii. | 140 The Hon. W. Roruscuitp gave a brief account of his recent expedition to Algeria. He also exhibited specimens of the three Algerian forms of Garrulus and made the following remarks :— | “ Most authors have recognised one Jay only from Algeria, viz., Garrulus glandarius cervicalis Bonap., while a few others have mentioned G. g. minor Verr. There are, however, three very distinct forms to be found there, all of which I exhibit to-night together with the eggs of one of them: “ GARRULUS GLANDARIUS CERVICALIS Bonap. is the most abundant and widespread race; it occurs in the Northern Atlas Range and in the forests north of the latter in the province of Alger, and throughout the province of Con- stantine as far south as the Aures Mountains, wherever suitable forest is found. “ GarRuLus G. wHITAKERI Hartert.—This Jay was origi- nally described from Tangier, but was discovered by us last year in the oak-forests near Tlemcen in the Province of Oran in Western Algeria. Its position appears to be intermediate between G. g. cervicalis and G. c. minor. The specimen (ex coll. Lefevre) referred to G. minor in the ‘ Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum,’ iii. p. 96, belongs to this form. “¢GarRULuUsS G. MINOR Verr.—This form was described by Verreaux in 1857 from a specimen collected by Capitaine Loche .at Djelfa in Central Algeria, and the bird has not since been recorded from Algeria, though Mr. Whitaker redescribed it as G. enops from Morocco, whence we have also received a series of specimens collected by Riggenbach. This year Messrs. Hartert and Hilgert spent a few days at Djelfa and succeeded in collecting the pair of birds and the eggs exhibited to-night. It is just fifty-seven years since the type was described. The Algerian specimens are indistinguishable from G. @nops from Morocco, as Dr. Hartert has already suggested.” ies ee), 141 [ Vol. xxxiil. Mr. Meave-Watpo said that in 1892, when he first brought back examples of G. whitakert from the mountains near Tangier and Tetuan, they had been identified by the late Dr. Sharpe as G. cervicalis. He also made remarks on the abundance of G. minor in the damp forests on the north side , of the Great Atlas, in Southern Morocco. Dr. E. Harrert said that it was, of course, very valuable to have actually compared specimens of Garrulus minor from the type-locality with those collected in Morocco by Messrs. Dodson, Meade-Waldo, and Riggenbach, though the original description and figure (¢f. Verreaux, Rev. & Mag. Zool. 1857, p. 439, pl. 14) left little doubt that the latter, which had been named Garrulus wnops by Mr. Whitaker, belonged to the same species, and he had therefore united them as long ago as 1903 (cf. Vog. Pal. Faun. i. p. 31). Mr. Riggenbach had found this little Jay quite common in the Moroccan Atlas, to the west of the place where Mr. Meade-Waldo observed it. Mr. Whitaker had probably renamed this Jay after he had compared it with the specimen in the British Museum which had been wrongly identified as G. minor, and which was, in fact, G. whitakeri Hart., as Mr. Rothschild had remarked. The. Hon. W. Roruscuixp also exhibited adult examples, together with the young and eggs, of the curious Lark, Chersophilus duponti, obtained by Dr. Hartert at Ain Oussera, Central Algeria, and stated that it had now been definitely ascertained that this bird did not occur in the Balearic Islands. The birds bought in the flesh on the Nice Market, and sold as coming from those islands, had probably come from Tunisia. Mr. Craupg Grant forwarded a description of a new sub- species of Guinea-fowl, for which he proposed the name :— NUMIDA PTILORHYNCHA BARINGOENSIS, subsp. n. Adult male. Similar in size and colour to N. ptilorhyncha Less., but with a well-developed and considerably larger helmet—this character being very constant. Vol. xxxii.] 142 Hab. Lake Baringo District, Rift Valley, B.E. Africa. Type in the British Museum: ¢. No. 631. 20 miles S. of Lake Baringo, 3800 ft., 24. xii.12. W. P. Lowe coll. Presented by Lieut. G. P. Cosens. Obs. Nine examples have been examined from the Rift Valley. Mr. Mrapr-Watpo exhibited the down and breast-feathers taken from the nest of a Garganey (Querquedula circia) found on the banks of the Eden near Hever, Kent, on the 27th of May; the eggs, eight in number, had just hatched. He said that he had occasionally seen a drake about, and in former years had sometimes seen a pair. The “ Summer Teal” was quite well known to some of the older game- keepers and farmers in the neighbourhood. The nest in question was placed on the side of a drain in a rough meadow, and the workman who found it had seen the duck with her young ones. Mr. Ocitvir-Grant pointed out that the down of the Garganey was easily distinguished from that of the Common Teal (Q. crecca), which was also exhibited for comparison. That of the Garganey was much darker in colour, and had much longer filaments tipped with white, a very conspicuous character. In the Common Teal the down was altogether shorter and of a sooty-brown colour, the white tips being entirely absent. The small breast-feathers also were easily recognisable, the dark blackish markings on each side of the shaft being characteristic of the Garganey, while in the Common Teal the markings were pale brownish or absent. The Rey. F. C. R. Jourparn exhibited a nest and a clutch of five eggs of Hypocolius ampelinus, taken by Mr. A. G. Tomlinson in South-west Persia, on the 24th of May, 1913. Between the years 1886 and 1897, Mr. W. D. Cumming had found considerable numbers of this species nesting near enn ene 143 [ Vol. xxxili. Fao, at the head of the Persian Gulf (see ‘ Ibis,’ 1886, _ p. 476, and Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xii. pp. 760-765). Mr. Cumming described the nests as being generally built on the leaves of date-palms, in June and July. At the present time this species seemed to have entirely abandoned its former haunts in the Fao district, and no eggs had been taken since 1897, till Mr. Tomlinson found it breeding in the Kairun Valley. Here the nests were found in thorn- bushes, about 4 feet from the ground, and full clutches were taken on the 24th of May. Mr. Jourdain also made remarks on the difference in the nesting-sites now occupied by this species to those described by Mr. Cumming, and mentioned that in Algeria he had found the House-Bunting (Emberiza striata sahari) nesting at the top of a palm-tree, as well as in rocks and houses. The Cuarrman remarked that a parallel case might be found in that of the Desert-Sparrow (Passer simplex) found in Algeria, which nested in the most varied situations— in palm-trees, in the hollow stems of desert-plants, and inside the wells. A discussion took place, in which Mr. Stuart Baker, Dr. Hartert, and others, took part. Major F. W. Proctor exhibited nests and eggs of Dartford and Sardinian Warblers, and of the Moustached Grass-Warbler, which he had taken in Andalusia, South Spain :— 1. Darrrorp WarBLER (Melizophilus undatus). The clutches showed great variety, and were of several distinct types, including three sets with reddish markings. 2. SARDINIAN WarBLER (Sylvia melanocephala). Eggs of this species also showed great variety, and likewise in- cluded three sets with reddish markings. 3. Movustacuep Grass-WaRBLER (Lusciniola melanopogen). A clutch of eggs. Vol. xxxiii. | 144 Major Procror also exhibited some interesting enlarge- ments of photographs, which he had taken in Spain in the month of April. These included nests of the Buackx Vuuture (Vultur monachus), Eeyerian Vuirure (Nephron percnopterus), SpanisH Imprerrat Eacre (Aquila adalberti), GoLpEN Hacie (A. chrysaétus), Buack Kitt (Milvus korschun). Mr. C. G. Tarpot-Ponsonsy exhibited pale whitish-buff varieties of the Common Partridge (Perdix perdix), which had been purchased in Leadenhall Market from among a number of frozen Russian birds. Both were females, the cross-markings on the wing-coverts, though pale, being distinctly visible. At the invitation of the Chairman, Dr. Grorce Horne, of Melbourne, Australia, made the following interesting remarks on Lyre-birds (AZenura):— “ Position of Nest.—The nests generally have an open space in front, or are placed opposite a stream. They are built either upon the ground backed up against a trunk or bank, or high up on a stump or fern-tree. The high or low positions are persisted in by individual pairs, even though the low builders are disturbed several times every year. ** Nest-building —The male is the builder. First he makes a platform of heavy twigs, which project to form a landing- place ; then a layer of fine rootlets is added forming a domed nest. The lining is the down taken from the back and flanks. Sometimes the rootlets formed a trap-door, opening and shutting at pleasure. Old nests are rifled for down and rootlets, but are never re-built. A half-built nest, if inter- fered with, is at once deserted. “ During Incubation——The male does not sit, nor does he feed the female. She leaves her nest to feed sometimes for an hour at atime. The egg is then completely covered in the down. Handling her egg in her absence is not followed by desertion. ““ Feeding.—The food consists chiefly of insects living in the 145 [ Vol. xxxiil. earth or in its covering of decaying vegetation. One foot is extended and a divot raked out in front of the bird. She never scratches like a hen. Young fern-fronds are sparingly eaten. “¢ Tameness.—The cocks are extremely shy, but the hens soon get accustomed to man. One individual would allow its head to be stroked with a stick whilst sitting. _ “ Playground.—The cock clears a level patch about four or five feet in diameter, on which he struts. The playground may be decorated with bright objects, but i have not seen a a bower built. : “ Song.—The call-note is a high-pitched metallic ‘ plék- plék.’ The repertoire (apart from its own notes) is often rendered on the playing-ground. According to my ob- servations it always commences with a ‘kwe-x.’ Then imitations of the Whip-bird, Harmonious Thrush, Black Cockatoo, Magpie, and many others. At other times imita- tions of dogs, chopping wood, cow-bells, etc., were given. “The call is passed on from one generation to another, for young cocks reproduced the call of the Black Cockatoo which had not visited the district for years.” Dr. Horne illustrated his remarks with photographs taken in the bush. eS SS The next Meeting of the Club will be held on Wednes- day, the 14th of October, 1914, at PAGANI'S RESTAURANT, 42-48 Great Portland Street, W.; the Dinner at 7 p.m. Members of the Club intending to dine are requested to inform Mr. Witherby, at 326 High Holborn, W.C. [N.B.—Members who intend to make any communication at the next Meeting of the Club are requested to give notice beforehand to the Editor, also to supply him with a written account of anything intended for publication. ] (Signed) W. Roruscuitp, W.R.Ocitvie-Grant, H.F. Wirnersy, Chairman. Editor. SCG. Geaneas INDEX, abyssinica, Salpornis, 94. Acanthis cannabina harterti, 39. nana, 38, 39. flavirostris, 115. linaria, 43, Accipiter gularis, 74, nisus, 96. Acrocephalus streperus, 42. adalberti, Aquila, 144. admiralitatis, Hdolisoma, 108. -——., Zosterops, 108. /Avialitis hiaticola, 114. geyptius, Milvus, 90. alba, Motacilla, 438. albigena, Sterna, 85. Alcippe fratercula, 13. yunnanensis, 63. -—— pheeocephala brucei, 61. alpina, Tringa, 98, 115. altirostris, Pyctorhis, 47. eriseigularis, Pyctorhis, 47. aluco, Syrnium, 96. ; amboinense, Hdolisoma, 107, 108. americana, Mareca, 125. , Rhea, 80. ampelinus, Hypocolius, 142. Ampelis garrulus, 115. Anser anser, 115. ansorgei, Calamocichla, 130. ——, Erythropygia, 134, 135. Anthus cervinus, 43. pratens’s 134. trivialis, 95. apricarius, Charadrius, 43, 87, 114, Aptenodytes patagonica, 119. aquaticus, Rallus, 120. Aquila adalberti, 144. chrysaetus, 144. Archibuteo lagopus, 44. arctica, Fratercula, 115. arcticus, Colymbus, 115. Arenaria interpres, 115. arminjoniana, Cstrelata, 125, arthuri, Planesticus, 131. VOL, XXXIII. assimilis baroli, Puffinus, 57. atra, Fulica, 70. atrata, Cathartes, 119. atricapilla, Sylvia, 85. atricollis, Ortygospiza, 131. Auk, Great, 90, 91. aurea, Oreocincla, 134, auritum, Crossoptilon, 121, 122. aurulenta, Calliste, 78. , Tangara, 78. bakeri, ‘Turdinulus, 44, 46. Bambusicola thoracica, 126. baringoensis, Numida, 141, baroli, Puffinus, 57. bassana, Sula, 96. belcheri, Larus, 119. bermudiana, Carduelis c., 33. bieti, Proparus, 59, 60. Blackbird, 86, 116. Blackcap, 86. bougainvillii, Phalacrocorax, 118, 119. Bradyornis murinus, 65. muscicapina, 65. pallidus sharpii, 66. subalaris, 65. brevicaudatus, Turdinulus, 45. venningl, Turdinulus, 44, 45, brucei, Alcippe, 61. Bullfinch, Trumpeter, 116, 117, bulweri, Bulweria, 57. Bulweria buiweri, 57. Bunting, Corn, 116, Bustard, 117. Buteo buteo, 69. Buzzard, 116. Calamocichla ansorgei, 130. leptorhyncha nuerensis, 130. ealandra, Emberiza, 134. calidris, Totanus, 120. Calliste aurulenta, 78. Vol. xxxiii. | Camaroptera superciliaris ugandz, Canary, 116. cannabina nana, Acanthis, 38, 39. Caprimulgus europzus, 113, 120. Carduelis carduelis bermudiana, 33. parva, 33. Cariama cristata, 119. carolina, Porzana, 82. castro, Oceanodroma, 58, 59. Casuarius clandii, 35, 66. foersteri, 66. keysseri, 34, 35, lorize, 35. mitratus, 34. papuanus, 66. —— philipi, 34. ——— picticollis hecki, 34, 35. —— sclateri, 39. —— unappendiculatus, 34. Catarrhactes chrysocome, 119. Catharacta chilensis, 119, Cathartes atrata, 119. caudacuta, Chetura, 36. cervicalis, Garrulus, 140, cervinus, Anthus, 43. Ceyx dispar, 106. Cheetura caudacuta, 36. indica, 36. sylvatica, 36. Chaffinch, Canarian, 116. Charadrius apricarius, 48, 87, 114. Chat, Fuertevyenturan, 117. Chelidon daurica rufula, 41. ——— rufula, 42: smithi, 42. Chersophilus duponti, 141. Chiffchaff, 116. , Lanzarote, 117. chilensis, Catharacta, 118. chinquis, Polyplectron, 119. chrysaetus, Aquila, 144. chrysccome, Catarrhactes, 119. Chrysomitris tristis, 137. chrysopterum, Trochalopterum, 92. cinereiceps, Proparus, 60. circia, Querquedula, 142. Circus pygargus, 75, 76. citrinella, Emberiza, 70. Clangula clangula, 101-104. islandica, 64, 101-104. claudii, Casuarius, 35, 66. celebs, Fringilla, 78, 79. coltarti, Stachyris, 61. Colymbus arcticus, 115. stellatus, 114. Coot, 116. Corvus f. frugilegus, 68, 69. —— pastinator, 69. Courser, 116, 117. crecca, Querquedula, 142, 148 cristata, Cariama, 119. Crossoptilon auritum, 121, 122. harmani, 121, 122, 136. cruentus, Ithagenes, 83, 84. Crymophilus tulicarius, 40, 41. Cyanecula suecica, 43. Cyanistes pleskei, 54. cyanuroptera, Siva, 62. Cygnus melanocoryphus, 119. dacotiz, Saxicola, 37, 38, 118. Dafila eatoni, 104. —— spinicauda, 104. daurica rufula, Chelidon, 41. davisoni, Turdinulus, 44, 46. degeni, Mirafra, 129. dispar, Ceyx, 106, Diver, Black-throated, 115. , Red-throated, 115. domesticus, Passer, 47, 48. dominicanus, Larus, 119. dougalli, Sterna, 85. Drymocataphus rubiginosns, 47. Duck, Marbled, 116. duponti, Chersophilus, 141. eatoni, Dafila, 104. Edolisoma amboinense admiralitatis, 108. milleri, 107. rooki, 107, 108. grayi, 108. Elaphrornis palliseri, 91. elecantissima, Euphonia, 77. Elininia longicauda, 135. teresita, 135. Emberiza calandra, 134. citrinella, 70. —— melanocephala, 138. sahari, 143. striata sahari, 143. Hos semilarvata, 54. epilepidotus bakeri, Turdinulus, 44, 6. Hrithacus rubecula, 69. melophilus, 69. erythrogenys, Pomatorbinus, 123. erytbrolema, Trochalopterum, 92, Erythropygia ansorgei, 134, 155. munda, 1398, — ruficauda, 134. zambesiana, 134. Eudromias morinellus, 44, 114. Euphonia elegantissima vincens, 77. fulvicrissa, 77. omissa, 77. lode s purpurascens, 77. europeeus, Caprimulgus, 113, 120. Eurypyga helias, 119. Euscarthmus josephine, 132. zosterops, 132. excubitor, Lanius, 91. exsul, Turdinulus, 46. Falco pygargus, 75. fasciicauda, Milvus, 89. ferrugilatus, Pomatorhinus, 123, 124. fischeri, Mirafra, 129, flavicollis, Ixulus, 62. flavirostris, Acanthis, 115. kuhli, Puffinus, 56-58. fluvicola, Hirundo, 42. foersteri, Casuarius, 66. formosanus, Proparus, 60. fratercula, Alcippe, 63. Fratercula arctica, 115. Fringilla celebs ombriosa, 78, 79. palme, 78, 79. —— montifringilla, 43. teydea polatzeki, 116. frugilegus, Corvus, 68, 69. fucatus, Proparus, 60. Fulica atra, 70. fulicarius, Crymophilus, 40, 41. , Phalaropus, 70. fusca, Gidemia, 43. gabonensis, Ortygospiza, 131. Gallinago gallinago, 110. Garden-Warbler, 86. garleppi, Pterocnemia, 79, 81. garrulus, Ampelis, 11d. Garrulus glandarius cervicalis, 140. winor, 140, 141. rufitergum, 70. —— enops, 140, 141. whitakeri, 141. georgicum, Nettion, 104. glandarius, Garrulus, 70, 140. godwini, Trochalopterum, 92. Goldfinch, Least, 116. goodsoni, Tangara, 78. gouldi, Pomatorhinus, 123. granti, Pellorneum, 81. , Turdinulus, 46. Graucalus papuensis ingens, 107. sclateri, 107. grayi, Edolisoma, 108. Great Auk, 90, 91. griseigularis, Pyetorhis, 47. grylle, Uria, 115. gularis, Accipiter, 74. , Mixornis, 63. guttaticollis, Proparus, 60. , Lurdinulus, 45. 149 [Vol. xxxill. Hematopus ostralegus, 114. haringtoni, Pomatorhinus, 124. harmani, Crossoptilon, 121, 122, 136. harterti, Acanthis, 39. , Ixulus, 62. hecki, Casuarius, 34, 35. Hedge-Sparrow, 86. helias, Eurypyga, 119. helioeides, Icterus, 76. hemileucurus, Lagopus, 32. hemprichi, Larus, 119. Heron, 116. hiaticola, Aigialitis, 114. Hirundo fluvicola, 42. rustica, 42. smithi, 42. holerythrops, Trochalopterum, 93. Hoopoe, 116, 117. Hoplopterus spinosus, 84. hybrida, Pterythius, 82. hyperboreus, Lagopus, 32, 33. Hypocolius ampelinus, 142. Tcterus xanthornus helioeides, 76. -—— trinitatis, 76. ignotus, Seleucides, 74. imberbis, Pomatorhinus, 47, impennis, Plautus, 90, 91. incei, Tehitrea, 93. indica, Cheetura, 36. ingens, Graucalus, 107. intercedens, Ptilorhis, 74. interpres, Arenaria, 115. islandica, Clangula, 64, 101-104. Ithagenes cruentus kuseri, 83, 84, 124, Ixulus flavicollis harterti, 62. josephine, Euséarthus, 132. jubatus, Rhinochetus, 119. julius, Nothocercus, 95. Kestrel, 116. keysseri, Casuarius, 34, 35. Kite, 116. korschun, Milvus, 144. kuhli flayvirostris, Puffinus, 56, 57, 58. kuseri, Ithagenes, 83, 84, 124. lagopus, Archibuteo, 44. Lagopus hemileucurus, 32. hyperboreus, 32, 33. lagopus, 32. mutus, 32, 114. -~—— rupestris, 33, Vol. xxxiii.] 150 Lanius excubitor, 91. morinellus, Hudromias, 44, 144. raddei, 91. Motacilla alba, 43. - yemenensis, 91. mulleri, Edolisoma, 107. Lapwing, 87. munda, Hrythropygia, 135. Lark, Short-toed, 116, 117. muriele, Saxicola, 37, 118. Larus belcheri, 119. murinus, Bradyornis, 65. dominicanus, 119. , Planesticus, 131. hemprichi, 119. Muscicapa pallida, 65, 66. marinus, 58. striata, 65. leptorhynecha, Calamocichla, 180. muscicapina, Bradyornis, 65. Leucopsar rothschildi, 54. mutus, Lagopus, 32, 114. leucostictus, Turdinulus, 45. linaria, Acanthis, 43. Linnet, Brown, 116. nana, Acanthis, 38, 39. lobatus, Phalaropus, 70, 115. nebouxii, Sula, 118. longicauda, Elminia, 135. neglecta, Cstrelata, 124, 125. loriz, Casuarius, 35. Neophron percnopterus, 144. Luscinia megarhyncha, 70. Nettion georgicum, 104. Lusciniola melanopogon, 143. newtoni, Parus, 69, 84. Lyre-bird, 144. Nightingale, 86. nigriceps, Stachyris, 61. Ninox meeki, 105, 106. magnifica, Ptilorhis, 74. nisus, Accipiter, 96. manipurensis, Proparus, 60, Nothocercus julius, 95. Mareca americana, 125. salvyadorii, 95. penelope, 66, 67, 125. nuerensis, Calamocichla, 130. marila, Nyroca, 65. Numida ptilorhyncha baringoensis, marina, Pelagodroma, 59. 141. marinus, Larus, 58. Nyroca marila, 65. meeki, Micropsitta, 107. , Ninox, 105, 106. megarhyucha, Luscinia, 70. oatesi, Siva, 62. melanocephala, Emberiza, 133. occidentalis, Pterythius, 82. , Sylvia, 96. — _, Salpornis, 94. melanocephalus, Sylvia, 143. ’ Oceanodroma castro, 58, 59. melanocoryphus, Cygnus, 119. Gidemia fusca, 43. melanopogon, Lusciniola, 143. Cidicnemus cedienemus, 113, 120. melanothorax, Sylvia, 42. cenops, Garrulus, 140, 141. Melizophilus undatus, 143, Cistrelata arminjoniana, 125. melophilus, Hrithacus, 69. Menura, 144. neglecta, 124, 125. trinitatis, 124, 125. Micropsitta meeki, 107. ombriosa, Fringilla, 78, 79. . migrans, Milvus, 89. omissa, Euphonia, 77. Milvus xgyptius, 90. Oreocincla aurea, 134. parasitus, 90. Ortygospiza atricollis, 131. —— korschun, 144. gabonensis, 131. —— migrans, 89. ostralegus, Hamatopus, 114. — milvus, 90. fasciicauda, 89. minor, Garrulus, 140, 141. pacifica, Tringa, 100, 101. minuta, Sterna, 120. pallida, Muscicapa, 65, 66. Mirafra degeni, 129. pallidus, Pterythius, 82. fischeri, 129. palliseri, Elapbrornis, 91. —— sobatensis, 129. palme, Fringilla, 78, 79. zomnbee, 129. papua, Pygosceles, 119. Mistle-Thrush, 86. papuanus, Casuarius, 66. mitratus, Casuarius, 34. papuensis, Graucalus, 107. Mixornis gularis rubricapillus, 63. parasiticus, Stercorarius, 120. monachus, Vultur, 144. parasitus, Milvus, 90. montifringilla, Fringilla, 43. Parus major newtoni, 69, 84. Moorhen, 117, parya, Carduelis c., 38. Passer domesticus, 47, 48. simplex, 143. pastinator, Corvus, 69. patagonica, Aptenodytes, 119. pelagica, Thalassidroma, 57, 58. Pelagodroma marina, 59. Pelecanus thagus, 118, 119. Pellorneum ruficeps granti, 81. penelope, Mareca, 66, 67, 125. pennata, Pteroenemia, 80. percnopterus, Neophron, 144, Perdix perdix, 144. phezocephala, Alcippe, 61. Phalacrocorax bougainyillii, 118, 119. vigua, 118. Phalaropus fulicarius, 70. lobatus, 70, 115. Phasianus versicolor, 109. philipi, Casuarius, 34. Pheenicurus pheenicurus, 69, Phylloscopus tristis, 85. picticollis hecki, Casuarius, 34, Jd. Pipit, Berthelot’s, 116. Pitta superba, 106. Planesticus arthuri, 131. murinus, 131. Plautus impennis, 90, 91. pleskei, Cyanistes, 54. polatzeki, Fringilla, 116. Polyplectron chinquis, 119. Pomatorhinus erythrogenys, 128. ferrugilatus, 123, 124. —~ gouldi, 123. -—— haringtoni, 124. —— imberbis, 47. rubiginosus, 46. * Porzana carolina, 82. porzana, 82. pratensis, Anthus, 134. Proparus austeni, 59, 60. — — bieti, 59, 60. cinereiceps, 60. —— formosanus, 60. fucatus, 60. —— guttaticollis, 60. manipurensis, 60, ripponi, 59, 60. —— ruficapillus, 60. sordidior, 60. striaticollis, 60. vinipectus, 59, 60. Pterocnemia pennata, 80. tarapacensis, 79, 81. garleppi, 79, 81. Pterythius pallidus hybrida, 82. Ptilorhis magnifica, 74. intercedens, 74. ptilorhyncha, Numida, 141. xanthochloris occidentalis, 82. Gh [Vol. xxxiii. Puffinus assimilis baroli, -57. —— kuhli flavirostris, 56, 57, 58. puffinus, 58. purpurascens, Euphonia, 77. Pyctorhis altirostris griseigularis, pyzargus, Circus, 75, 76. , Ealeo, 75. Pygosceles papua, 119, Quail, 116. Querquedula circia, 142. crecca, 142. raddei, Lanius, 91. Rallus aquaticus, 120. Raven, 116. Redbreast, 116. Rhea americana, 80. —— ——— rothschildi, S80. Rhinochetus jubatus, 119. Rhipidura setosa niveiventris, 109. ripponi, Proparus, 59, 60. roberti, Turdinulus, 45. guttaticollis, Turdinulus, 45. Robin, 86. rooki, Edolisoma, 107, 108. rothschildi, Leucopsar, 54. , Rhea, 80. rubecula, Erithacus, 69. rubicola, Saxicola, 96. rubiginosa, Trichastoma, 46. rubiginosus, Drymocataphus, 47. , Pomatorhinus, 46. rubricapillus, Mixornis, 63. ruficapillus, Proparus, 60. ruficauda, Hrythropygia, 134. ruficeps, Pellorneum, 81. rufitergum, Garrulus, 70. rufula, Chelidon, 41, 42. rupestris, Lagopus, 33. rustica, Hirundo, 42. rusticola, Scolopax, 114, 120. sahari, Emberiza, 143. Salpornis salvadorii abyssinica, 94, occidentalis, 94. salvadori, Salpornis, 94. salyadorii, Nothocercus, 95. Sandgrouse, 117. Sandpiper, Common, 87. Saxicola dacotiz, 37, 38. muriele, 37, 118. rubicola, 96. schinzi, Tringa, 98, 99. sclateri, Casuarius, 39. , Graucalus, 107. Vol. xxxiii. | Scolopax rusticola, 114, 120 Sedge-Warbler, 86. Seleucides ignotus, 74. semilaryata, Hos, 54. setosa, Rhipidura, 109. sharpii, Bradyornis, 66. Shrike, 116. simplex, Passer, 143. , Sylvia, 70. Siva cyanuroptera oatesi, 62. wingatei, 62. sordida, 62. Skylark, 86. smithi, Chelidon, 42, » Hirundo, 42. Snipe, 116. sobatensis, Mirafra, 129. Song-Thrush, 86. sordida, Siva, 62. sordidior, Proparus, 60. spinicauda, Datfila, 104. spinosus, Hoplopterus, 84. Stachyridopsis sulphurea, 63. Stachyris nigriceps coltarti, 61. stellatus, Colymbus, 114, Stercorarius parasiticus, 120. Sterna albigena, 85. dougalli, 85. minuta, 120. streperus, Acrocephalus, 42. striata, Hmberiza, 143. , Muscicapa, 65. striaticollis, Proparus, 60. striatus, Turdinulus, 45. Sturnus vulgaris, 63, 64. subalaris, Bradyornis, 65. sueciea, Cyanecula, 43. Sula bassana, 96. nebouxii, 118. - variegata, 118, sulphurea, Stachyridopsis, 63. superba, Pitta, 106. superciliaris, Camaroptera, 136. Swift, Madeiran Black, 116. , Pale, 116. sylvatica, Cheetura, 36. Sylvia atricapilla, 85. melanocephala, 96. —— melanocephalus, 143. — melanothorax, 42. ed undata, 96. simplex, 70. Syrnium aluco, 96. -—— uralense, 69. Tadotna casarca, 115. Tangara aurulenta goodsoni, 78. tarapacensis, Pterocnemis, 79, 81]. Tchitrea incei, 938. 9 ~ teresita, Hlminia, 135. Tetrao urogallus, 114. teydea, Fringilla, 116. thagus, Pelecanus, 118, 119. Thalassidroma pelagica, 58. Thick-knee, 116. thoracica, Bambusicola, 126. Tit, Tenerife Blue, 116. Titmouse, Pale, 117. Totanus calidris, 120. Traversia, 40. Trichastoma rubiginosa, 46, Tringa alpina, 98, 99, 115. pacifica, 100, 101. schinzi, 98, 99. trinitatis, Icterus, 76. , Cistrelata. 124, 125. tristis, Ohrysomitris, 137. , Phylloscopus, 85. trivialis, Anthus, 95. Trochalopterum erythrocephalum godwini, 92. erythrolzma, 92, 93. chrysopterum, 92. holerythrops, 93. Turdinulus brevicaudatus venningi, 44, 45. epilepidotus bakeri, 44, 46. exsul, 46. davisoni, 44, 46. granti, 46. leucostictus, 45. roberti, 45. guttaticollis, 45. —— striatus, 45, ugandz, Camaroptera, 136. unappendiculatus, Casuarius, 34. undata, Sylvia, 96. undatus, Melophilus, 143. uralense, Syrnium, 69. Uria grylle, 115. urogallus, Tetrao,. 114, variegata, Sula, 118. venningi, Turdinulus, 44, 45. | versicolor, Phasianus, 109. vigua, Phalacrocorax, 118. vincens, Euphonia, 77. vinipectus, Proparus, 59, 60. vulgaris, Sturnus, 63, 64. Vultur monachus, 144. Vulture, Egyptian, 116. Wagtail, Grey, 116, 117. Warbler, Spectacled, 116, 117. 153 [ Vol. xxx. whitakeri, Garrulus, 141. yemenensis, Lanius, 91. wingatei, Siva, 62. yunnanensis, Alcippe, 63. Woodpecker, Canarian Great Spotted, 116. zawbesiana, Erythropygia, 134. zombge, Mirafra, 129. xanthochloris, Pterythius, 82. Zosterops admiralitatis, 108. xanthornus, Icterus, 76. zosterops, Huscarthmus, 132. Printed by Tayior and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, ~ OLUB. EDITED BY Aig Re “OGILVIE. eee “VOLUME XXXIV. , on THE IMMIGRA TIONS OF SUMMER DEN TS IN THE SPRING OF 1913: “LIGHTHO USES AND LIGHT- VESSELS” DURING THE AUTUMN OF 1912. Poca aed Gone BY COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY THE BRITISH ~ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. \ Koo a : iss JUN 20 1915 sae . “WITHERBY & C0., 326 ‘HIGH HOLDS pi eo, Si 9) regia nie | DECEMBER 1914. BULLETIN OF WE BRITISH =ORNITHOLOGISTS CLUB. EDITED BY Wi RO OGILWIE-GRANT. VOLUME XXXIV. REPORT ON THE IMMIGRATIONS OF SUMMER ue SO EINES IN TEE SPRING OF 1913: ALSO NOTES ON THE MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS AND RECORDS RECEIVED FROM LIGHTHOUSES AND LIGHT-VESSELS DORCINGS EE A CL OVIN OFS LOT2 BY THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS' CLUB. Tne £9 Il (N NE 19 7 ‘ 4 TOENE DIORNT Vations| Muse? WITHERBY & CO., 326 HIGH HOLBORN. DECEMBER 1914. ALERE gy FLAMMA™M, PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, CONTENT s. PAGE PREFACE ye ae na one ee ae aah ee Wee INTRODUCTORY one Ada ‘he a es i WEATHER-REPORT FOR THE P&RIOD COVERED BY THE SPRING- ImMiGRATION oF 19138... a as ae Se popaierd les) Daity Drrarts oF WEATHER-CoONDITIONS, WITH THE CORRE- SPONDING ARRIVALS OF THE SUMMER-RESIDENTS .,,. nose: REPORT ON THE IMMIGRATIONS OF :— THe Rinc-OuzEL one Nie nae shin ee Aan Od Tur WHRATEAR fh ee a BS oy Saget Map ... 588 sa ee ae “ae ie en AQ, THe WHINCHAT ... aes = a ay see non AS Tur REDSTART ... ney ket se as io a AG WD a5 Mae Bp oe aad Se ie poo D0) Tur NIGHTINGALE — oe ve hh ee soo OS THE WHITETHROAT noe as Re aay oe non . DY Map ... ae ae ae re Sa ie nog OE Tuer LEessER WHITETHROAT ... ate bre a soo Ol HHO Ae Bac a6 je oe ibe Aes ee, THE BLACKCAP ... sBe ete ee hee a oo) Map ... sis 866 S06 noe 530 bse Pout OG 4, ReEporT ON THE [MMIGRATIONS OF (continued) :— PAGE Tur GARDEN- WARBLER as ane a Ae ae AO) Tur GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER ... Ae: we an ple ana THE CHIFFCHAFF ae Bae aa aan a pee eat) Map ... er ie bh a ie Bee Seo. THe WiLLow-WARBLER a AN Tee sas oie THE Woop-WARBLER ... ee hae BAC ee 366. Oe THE REED-WARBLER ... ne alee ats Bis ATO 0) THE SEDGE- WARBLER ... ee a as we Sens HHO 00 a ae a na Ae ea Zee Tur Waiter WaAGTAIL ... bie ae abe ae aoa Tur YELLOW WAGTAIL me a se ee ay 159) Map ... i fe a a ee cae peo AC) Tite DemeePrpin . 0 a ye ee) A aera | Map . 104 \ Tur RED-BACKED SHRIKE ae Na ss ate .:, 108 THE SpotteD FLYCATCHER ... ihe ae Nae clade MLD oar 110 Tue Prep FLYCATCHER... Ree a oe a noo let THE SwALLOw iy SGD. cs 116 Tue Hovusr-Marrin 123 Map 124 THE SAND-MARTIN 129 MHD ss 130 THr SwiFt oe Be hae Ap ate aM ye ss Map .. 134 THe NIGHTJAR 1389 THE WRYNECK 141 Map 5 ReporT oN THE IMMIGRATIONS OF (continued) :— Tur Cuckoo _ Map THE TurRTLE-DovEe THe LANpD-Ratrx ... Tur ComMon SANDPIPER THE Common TERN Tur Litrte Tern ese doe see ee peo UNSCHEDULED Brirps vee ISOLATED RECORDS AND SINGLE OBSERVATIONS DETAILS OF THE CHIEF MOVEMENTS OBSERVED AT THE LIGHT- STATIONS DURING THE SPRING oF 1913 Norrs on THE Migratory MovEMENTS DURING THE AUTUMN oF 1912 TsoLATED RECORDS AND SINGLE OBSERVATIONS DETAILS OF THE CHIEF MOVEMENTS OBSNRVED AT THE LIGHT- STATIONS DURING THE AUTUMN oF 1912 ... Ape ea List oF OBSERVERS, ETC. List oF LigHT-STaTIONS ERRATA oa PREFACE. Tur thirty-fourth volume of the Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’? Club contains the Report of our Migration Committee on the movements in England and Wales of a number of common migratory species during the autumn of 1912 and the spring and early summer of 1913. Under the headings Golden-Crested Wren (p. 231), and Hedge-Sparrow (p. 271), the Recorders have recognised British and Continental races of these species. It should, however, be pointed out that in the forthcoming edition of *A List of British Birds,’ compiled by a Committee appointed by the British Ornithologists’ Union, these and several other supposed British races are not recognised as distinct. The present Volume forms the ninth of the series prepared by our Migration Committee ; a tenth Report will be issued next year, after which the results of the enquiry will be summarized in a final volume. The Editor of the Bulletin regrets that his ever-increasing official duties have obliged him to resign that post. The Members of our Migration Committee are jointly responsible for the following Report. (Signed) W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT, Editor. British Museum (Naturat History), Lonpon, 8.W. Ist December, 1914, pattie. “ 4 yur ee Ce : on ee abe fae i REPORT ON THE MIGRATIONS IN THE SPRING OF 1913 AND TEE AUTUMN OH 1912: INTRODUCTORY. Tue Ninth Report, which covers the autumn-migrations of 1912 and the spring-migrations of 1913, is drawn up on similar lines to those previously issued, so as to facilitate comparisons between the different years, when the present enquiry has been completed. The number of records supplied by our observers again shows an increase, and the labour entailed in classifying the facts and attempting to condense them has caused con- siderable delay in the appearance of the present Report. The records from the light-stations during the autumn of 1912 were particularly voluminous, and the preparation of this section alone has occupied a far greater amount of time than has hitherto been necessary. The Committee are glad to record that, owing to the appointment of Mr. R. E. Wilson to the Caskets Lighthouse early in 1913, they have been able at last to obtain returns from that important station. Previous attempts to obtain the co-operation of the keepers at the Caskets had been unsuccessful, and the thanks of the Committee are particularly due to Mr. Wilson for taking up this work and for stimulating his colleagues to carry it on during his absence on shore. The Caskets Lighthouse is one of the most important stations from the Yommittee’s point of view, and the annual mortality there B 10 among migrating birds is enormous. The section dealing with the light-records in the spring of 1913 will give some idea of the magnitude of the migration-stream at that station, while the amount of material supplied in the autumn of 1913 far surpasses that received from any other light with which the Committee have hitherto had to deal. A summary of the records will be published in the next Report. Considerable numbers of summer-residents appear to have passed the winter in the south and west of our islands, and this fact may account for a good many of the early records during January, February, and the first part of March. As will be seen from the Report, the weather during the latter month over the area defined on p. 13 was wet and accompanied by many severe gales, but the tempera- ture was above the average and unusually uniform. It was probably owing to this last condition, that several different species of our summer-residents arrived at such early dates, the numbers of the birds usually regarded as early stragelers being considerable. During the remaining period of the spring-migration, the weather-conditions seem to have had but little effect on the progress of the movement. ‘The period covered by the migration lasted from the 6th of March till the 6th of June. Up to the end of March the number of arrivals was small, and the first considerable increase, recorded on the 13th, coincided with a rise in the general temperature. With the exception of small influxes on the 23rd and Z5th no increase was noted until the 31st, when an alteration in the force and direction of the wind and a rise in the temperature marked the arrival of large numbers of migrants. Thereafter a gradual increase was apparent, though a temporary lull noted on the 11th of April was accompanied by a fall in the temperature. The migration reached its height between the 14th of April and the 11th of May. After the latter date it rapidly waned, and by the 20th of May only very small numbers of birds appear to have arrived on the south coast, though passage-movements of some importance were still in progress in other parts of the country. The migrations of the Swallow between the 8th of March 11 and the 20th of May, of the Sand-Martin between the 13th of March and the 15th of May, of the Chiffchaff between the 6th-of March and the 8th of May, and of the Wheatear (both races) between the 12th of March and the 12th of May, covered the longest periods among the species recorded ; while those of the Reed-Warbler between the 18th of April and the 5th of May, of the Wood-Warbler between the 9th of April and the 11th of May, and of the Nightingale between the 13th of April and the 5th of May, occupied the shortest time. The following is a list of the species showing the routes by which they appear to have reached this country. Ina few instances, where the evidence was incomplete, the species have been placed in that section which the data seemed to indicate ; the others, which are somewhat doubtfully placed, must be considered in conjunction with their corresponding foot- notes :— A. Species arriving solely on the western half of the south coast. Ring-Ouzel*, Grasshopper- Warbler, Pied Flycatcher", Land-Rail. B. Species arriving along the whole of the south coast, but chiefly on its western half. Wheatear, Redstart, Common Whitethroat, Blackcap, Chiffchaff, Willow-Warbler, Wood-Warbler, White Wagtail, Spotted Flycatcher, Swallow, House-Martin, Sand-Martin, Swift, Cuckoo, Common Sandpiper *. C. Species arriving along the whole of the south coast, but chiefly on its eastern half. Whinchat, Lesser Whitethroat, Garden-Warbler, Sedge-Warbler, Yellow Wagtail, Nightjar. * Arrivals on the eastern half of the south coast were probably those of passage-migrants only. B2 12 D. Species arriving along the south-east coast, from Suffolk to Hampshire. Reed- Warbler, Nightingale*, Tree-Pipit *, Red-backed Shrike, Wryneck, Turtle-Dove. Attention may be drawn to one or two points in the autumn-migration. The first is the early dates at which a good many species commenced to take their departure. It becomes clear, the further investigations are carried, that the interval between the termination of the spring-migration and the commencement of the autumn-movement is an extremely short one. The second point is the enormous migrations reported during the first three weeks of November, which seem to have exceeded those recorded in October. The great movements do not seem to have begun until after the second week in October. In this connection attention may be drawn to Mr. B. B. Riviere’s observations on the north coast of Norfolk, which have been published in detail in the ‘Zoologist’ (1913, p. 177 et seq.). These have added con- siderably to our knowledge of the coasting character of some of these autumn-moyvements. Our best thanks are again due to the Master and Elder Brethren of the Trinity House for the continuance of their permission to make use of the services of the light-keepers, and to the latter as well as to our many inland observers, without whose kindly co-operation our enquiry could not be earried on. Notes from other published sources have also been carefully abstracted and their facts incorporated with those furnished by our own recorders. F. G. Penrose, Chairman. W. R. Ocinvin-Grant, Lditor. C. B. Rickert. W. L. ScLATER. ©. B. TickHurRST. N. F. Trcksurst, Secretary. M. VavGcHAN. * The later immigrants probably landed as far west as the east of Devonshire. iss WEATHER-REPORT FOR THE PERIOD COVERED BY THE SPRING-IMMIGRATION OF 1913. THE weather-reports are abstracted from the returns of the Meteorological Office, and include the conditions prevailing between Parallels of Latitude 40° N. and 60° N. Meridians of Longitude 10° HE. and 10° W. Special attention has been paid to the conditions observed over the north coast of Spain, the Bay of Biscay, the coasts of France, the English Channel, and our southern shores. The first paragraph after the list of species contains a record of the height of the barometer, the temperature, the direction and force of the wind, and the weather-conditions prevailing at 7.0 a.m. on each day at Portland Bill. The following signs are used under the Daily details ot Weather-Conditions:—b=blue sky, c=cloudy, d=drizzle, f=fog, g=gloomy, h=haze, m=mist, o=overcast, q= squalls of rain or hail, r=rain, s=snow, t=thunderstorms. The weather-conditions will be much more readily under- stood if the meteorological maps are themselves consulted. Summary of the Weather-Conditions. Marce# throughout was rough and wet. The distribution of pressure was very unsettied. The weather was wild and boisterous with many severe gales, much rain, but not much fog and hardly any along the English Channel. Temperature unusually uniform and rather above the average. 14 Aprit was dull and wet, but free from the gales which had charac- terised March. The disturbances were mostly shallow and the conditions were generally anticyclonic. The 11th and 12th were very cold, and during the whole of that week the weather was very unsettled and continued so, more or less, to the end of the month. Rain was excessive, but there was very little fog except occasionally at the entrance to the English Channel. The temperature was fairly uniform except for the cold bout on the 11th and 12th and some exceptionally warm days at the end of the month. May was a very variable month with much coastal fog. The barometric conditions were on the whole anticyclonic, but with frequent V-shaped depressions in the neighbourhood of the British Islands. Winds very variable during the earlier parts of the month, the temperature being unusually cold during the first three weeks, but warmer than the average during the last week. The weather was very variable with many thunderstorms and a great excess of coastal and also of inland fog, Daily details of Weather- Conditions with the corresponding Arrivals of the Summer-Residents *. Maren 6th 95. Bar. 30:10 in. “TD. 489°R. Wind W.S:W., torcer, Weather, c. Bar. still anticyclonic over Iberian Peninsula. ‘The northern depression had travelled eastwards, Strong winds from W. or S. over these islands, with unsettled, rainy weather. Temp. about 45° F, Marcy Gth .. B. Chiffchaff. Bar. 30:11 in. T. 48° F. Wind S.W., force 4. Weather, c. A small secondary disturbance moved eastwards across Ireland and England with S. and S.W. gales and much rain in the United Kingdom and N. France. Weather fine along the N. coast of Spain, but some fog along the shores of Brittany. Temp. warm. * The species are arranged in accordance with the grouping in the Introduction. Marcu 7th Marcu 8th Marcu 9th Marcu 10th .. Marcu llth ., 15 Bar. 3004 in. T. 46° F. Wind W.8.W., force 6. Weather, c. Secondary depressions, one over Scotland and another over Brittany, with continuance of westerly gales over our area. Much rain in the neighbourhood of the depression over Brittany, some mist at Biarritz. Temp. colder over these islands and the English Channel. B. Swallow. Bar. 30:22 in. T. 40° F. Wind N.W., force 4. Weather, b. An anticyclone extended towards these islands from the Azores region with winds from the N.W. over our area. Weather squally, with slight snow and rain in many parts of this country, Brittany, and the English Channel, Temp. colder. B. Chiffchaff. Bar. 30°60 in. T. 45° F. Wind W.S.W.. force 4. Weather, c. Auticyclonic with centre 30:7 in. over the Bay of Biscay. Moderate westerly winds over greater part of our area, but from some northerly point along the N. coast of Spain, where the weather-conditions were fine. Slight rain along our shores and over most parts of these islands. Temp. generally about 45° F. over our area, but as high as 52° F. at the Scilly Isles, and under 40° F. in the S.E. of Eng- land, the Straits of Dover, and the opposite coast of France. B. Swallow. Bar. 30°41 in. T, 48° F. Wind W.S.W., force 6. Weather, c. Anticyclonic to the south. Direction and force of winds same as on. the previous day. Weather fine over Spain and W. France, raining over these islands and the North Sea. Temp. generally about 45° F, Bar. 30°31 in. T. 47° F. Wind W.S.W., force 5. Weather, c. Pressure increased over these islands during the day with moderate northerly winds. A little rain, hail, or snow fell in various localities in the British Islands. Fog at Cape Finisterre, but fine at Biarritz, where the wind was light from the EH. Rather warmer generally, Marcu 12th .. Marc 13th .. Marcn 14th .. Marcu 15th .. 16 B. Wheatear, Chiffchaff. Bar. 30:33 in. T. 46° F. Wind E.S.E., force 4. Weather, b. Anticyclonic over 8.E, England with a small secondary depression over the Bay of Biscay. Light winds generally from the 8. og along our shores of the English Channel and at Oporto. Temp. generally rather lower. In the N. and W. of these islands weather unsettled, with showers of rain, hail, and snow. . B. Wheatear, Chiffchaff, Sand-Martin. C. Whinchat. Bar. 80:07 in. T. 41° F. Wind N.N.W., force 1. Weather, b. Bar. conditions indefinite, 80 in. to 80°2 in. Southerly winds moderate in force generally, but a gale along our extreme N.W. coasts. Rainy over the whole of these islands. Some fogin the English Channel. Temp. distinctly warmer. A. Ring- Ouzel. Bar. 29:90 in. TT. 49° F. Wind S.W., force 6. Weather, o. A deep depression oyer Iveland, with a secondary disturbance which moved eastwards over England during the day. S.W. gale along our W. and S. coasts. Weather unsettled, with rain, sleet, and snow over these islands; some fog at Cape Finisterre. Temp. rather lower. A. King-Ouzel. B. Wheatear, Chiffchaff. Bar 430;03 ine ade a 4oceek.n Vandy \Verentoreeumde Weather, c. Bar. high over Iberian Peninsula with centre 30°5 in. off N.W. corner of Spain and low to the N. of these islands. Gales from the W. over these islands. Weather very unsettled, with storms of rain, hail, sleet, and snow, but fine over the shores of the Bay of Biscay and the French shores of the English | Channel. Temp. 50°F. along the shores of the Bay of Biscay ; under 40° F’. over the greater part of these islands. Marcu 16th ., Marcu 17th .. Marcu 18th .. Marou 19th . Marcu 20th .. alk B. Wheatear, Sand-Martin. Bary) 29:82 inva 4 oo) Ean Vines We toncen oc: Weather, r. A depression to the N. of Scotland, centre 29-2 in., maximum oyer southern France, 304 in. During the night a small minimum travelled southwards over Great Britain, and the W. gales after having subsided, again became general. Weather very unsettled and rainy. Temp. low over these islands, but warm along the shores of the Bay of Biscay, where the weather was fine, but with some mist at Cape Finisterre. ' B. Wheatear, White Wagtail. Bar, 29°37 in. T. 40°F. Wind W. Weather, b, ec. The depression over: England passed eastwards over the North Sea. Strong winds from the N. along our W. coasts and the Western Channel, with very rough weather, rain, sleet, or snow. Temp. low, under 40° F. over these islands, not as high as 50° F. along the N. coast of Spain and the W. of _ France, where the wind was from the 8. and the weather overcast and rainy. Bary 20/78 eine oan He eeNVinG wNelieatorcesal: Weather, b. A depression reached our area from the Atlantic, with a §.H. gale over the W. half ofthe English Channel, the W. of England, the Irish Sea, and Ireland, but N.W. from the Isle of Wight eastwards. Weather rainy and unsettled, temp. low, distinctly colder, 31° F. along our 8. coast, rather warmer and finer over the Bay of Biscay, but rain at Cape Finisterre. B. Chiffchaff, Willow-Warbler, Swallow, Sand- Martin. Bare 20.05 eink AGS OE Ss AW inde Sav Ven toncemce Weather, r. A depression oyer N. of Scotland, with strong winds or gales from the W. over these islands, and much rain, hail, snow, or sleet. Temp. rather warmer. B. Wheatear, Blackcap. Bar. 29°44 in. T. 47° F, Wind W.S.W., force 5. Weather, b, e. A depression still over N, of Scotland, with strong W. winds, Weather unsettled, rainy. Marcu 21st .. MarcH 22nd.. Marcnr 25rd .. Marcu 24th .. Marcu 25th .. 18 B. Wheatear, Blackcap, Swallow, Sand-Martin. Bar. 29°45 in, T. 47° F.. Wind S.8.W., force 7. Weather, ¢c, q. A depression to the N. and W. of these islands. Strong winds from §8.W. with much rain, thundery in the 8. and 8.E. of England. Temp. generally about or below 50° F. over our area. B. Chiffchaff. Bars 29:56)ine i 462 Vind 9S... tol,cema: Weather, o. Bar. still low to the N. and W., a small depression developed off the S.W. of England, with a severe gale in the Channel and the 8. of England, from tie S. and 8.W. Weather generally very rough and stormy. B. Wheatear, Blackcap, Willow-Warbler, House- Martin, Sand-Martin. C. Whinchat. Bar. 29:40 in. T. 45° F. Wind 8.8.W., force 5. Weather, c. A depression with centre 29:0 in. over N. of England, strong winds or gales from N.W. along the N. coast of Spain, the Western Channel and W. of England, with much rain over practically the whole of our area. Temp. varying from 50° F. along the N. coast of Spain, 45° F’, over the English Channel, to 40° F, over the greater part of these islands. D. Wryneck. Bar. 29°93 in. T, 42° F. Wind N.N.W., force 3. Weather, b. A general increase of pressure over these islands and W. Europe. Winds, light N. airs over greater part of our area, but S. at Cape Finisterre. Weather fine generally, with some mist alone the French coast, about Boulogne and in the E. counties of England. A. Ring-Ouzel. B. Wheatear, Whitethroat, Chiffehaff, Willow- Warbler, White Wagtail. C. Garden- Warbler. D. Wryneck. Marcu 25th .. (con.). Marcu 26th . Marcu 27th .. Marcu 28th , Marcu 29th .. ig Bar. 30:27 in. T. 42°_F, Wind N.E., ~force 3. Weather, b. Anticyclonic over England, but.a depression over Spain. Winds light, circulating anticyclonically around the first mentioned centre. Weather fair generally, but showery at the Straits of Dover, with a good deal of mist or fog locally along both shores of the Channel. Heavy rain in the S. of France, and in Spain, but fine along the N. coast of Spain. B. Whitethroat, Swallow. Bar. 30:0 in. T. 42° F. Wind E.N.E., force 6. Weather, c. Bar. falling generally, winds very light from the E. Weather very misty in places along both sides of the English Channel, with some rain in the S.W. and W. of these islands. Temp. lower on the whole. A. Ring-Ouzel. B. Wheatear, Blackcap, House-Martin, Sand-Martin. Bar. 29°73 in, T. 42°F. Wind, calm. Weather, h. A large depression on the Atlantic to the W. of Ireland, with small secondary depression in front of it, about the mouth of the Thames. Winds very light, circulating cyclonically round the secondary. Weather, rain in the 8. of England and in the Spanish Peninsula, with mist and fog along the shores of the English Channel. Temp. rather warmer. B. Wheatear, Chiffchaff, Willow-Warbler. Barge29 20s Aye bee Wands She etorcemG: Weather, r. The Atlantic depression moved away westwards, so that the barometer rose slightly over the whole of our area. Winds, for the most part of slight intensity, from 8. W. accompanied bya good deal of rain everywhere. Temp. rather warmer. B. Willow- Warbler. C. Yellow Wagtail. Bar. 29°52 in. T. 45° F, Wind E.N.E., force 4, Weather, c. Marcu 29th .. (con.). Marcu 30th .. Marca# 3lst .. PAP RE listameee AP RTT de 20 A fresh depression over the Bay of Biscay with strong winds circulating cyclonically round it. Weather rainy, with some mist along the shores of our S.E. counties. A. Ring-Ouzel, B. Chiffchaff. D. Tree-Pipit. Bar. 29°61 in. \T. 47° F. Wind S.W., force 6, Weather, r. A depression over the Irish Channel, winds circulating round it, mostly from §.W. over the English Channel. Weather fine on the whole over the Bay of Biscay and Iinglish Channel, but with some rain at Portland Bill. Temp. rising slightly. bB. Wheatear, Redstart, Blackeap, Chiffchatt, Willow- Warbler, Swallow. Bar. 29°84 in. T. 44° F. Wind N., force 1. Weather, c. Bar. rising slightly over these islands. Winds light in force, very various in direction. Weather generally misty. Fog with rain at the Straits of Dover, but fine at the extreme W. of France. A. Ring-Ouzel. B. Wheatear, Chifichaff, Swallow, Sand-Martin. Bar. 529-78) in. a Adoe ES Winds Vee tonce meas Weather, b, c. Bar. rising generally over our area. Winds strong N.W. at the mouth of the Channel, elsewhere -light, and very variable. Weather, rain at the Scilly Isles, Channel Islands, coast of France and S.E. England, but fine along the greater part of our 8. coast. Temp. falling generally. B. Blackcap, Willow- Warbler, Swallow. D. Tree-Pipit, Wryneck. Bar. 30:01 in. T. 47° F. Wind 8.8.W., force 4, Weather, b, c. A shallow depression along W. coast of Ireland, but rising slightly over the rest of our area. Moderate to strong winds, from the S.W. Weather fair generally, but with some rain in the extreme S.W. of these islands and occasional hail-storms along our S. coast. APRIL 3rd .... /\eriin, Gil. 355 ¢ Aprit 5th .... Jaya, GAN Sabo ral A, Ring-Ouzel. B. Blackeap, Chiffchaff, Willow-Warbler, Swallow, Sand-Martin, Common Sandpiper. C. Yellow Wagtail. D. Wryneck. Bar. 30°01 in. T. 48° F. Wind S.S.E., force 4. Weather, b, c. A depression with centre over N. coast of Spain. Light H. and 8.E. winds over our area. Weather fine generally, but rain at the Scilly Isles and Cape Finisterre; some mist over the London area and along the W. coast of Denmark. B. Wheatear, Chiffchaff, Willow- Warbler, White Wagtail, House-Martin, Sand-Martin. Bar. 30°02 in. T. 42° F. Wind N.N.E., force 6. Weather, c. Bar. rising slowly. Moderate winds from N.E. over our area. Weather thick over both shores of the English Channel, with rain in our southern counties, Temp. lower. B. Wheatear, Chiffchaff, Willow-Warbler, White Wagtail, Swallow, Sand-Martin. Bar 29:82) me i. 4o7R.) Wind NE. foree: 6: Weather, o. Bar. falling slightly. Winds rather stronger, still from N.E. Weather cloudy and misty on both shores of the Channel. Temp. about the same as on the previous day. A. Ring-Ouzel. B. Wheatear, Redstart, Chiffchaff, White Wagtail, Swallow, House-Martin. C. Garden-Warbler. D. Tree-Pipit, Wryneck. Bar. 29°73 in. T. 44° F. Wind N.N.E., force 7. Weather, c. Bar. falling. Wind strong N.E. Weather fine generally, but raining over the E. half of the English Channel, misty over the W. half at Cape Finisterre. Temp. low. Jeri, Hilal 566 ANDIRIDG QUIN goo ASR QYO oo oc Aprit 10th Aprit Ilth 22 B. Blackeap, Sand-Martin, Cuckoo. C. Sedge-Warbler. D. Turtle-Dove. Bar. 29°83 in. T. 42° F. Wind N.N.E., force 5, Weather, b, c. Bar. rising. Wind strong from N. Weather fair to overcast. Temp. cold. A. Rting-Ouzel. B. Wheatear, Whitethroat. C. Lesser Whitethroat, Yellow Wagtail. D. Turtle-Dove. Bary oO m0 ins | 402 Shand NER etorcemes Weather, b. Bar. high. Wind N.E. Weather fine. Temp. low, A. Ring-Ouzel. B. Wheatear, Redstart, Blackcap, Chiffchaff, Willow- Warbler, Wood-Warbler, Cuckoo. C. Whinchat. D. Wryneck. Bare e0dlonain, i440 Wind INe? sforee a. Weather, c. Conditions still anticyclonic. Wind N.E. Weather cloudy, with rain in our S.E. counties and misty at the mouth of the Channel. Temp. still low. B. Wheatear, Whitethroat, Blackcap, Chiffchaff, Willow-Warbler, Swallow, House-Martin, Cuckoo, Common Sandpiper. C. Lesser Whitethroat. D. Tree-Pipit, Wryneck. Bar. 30/13 i.) AGS Wands IN. Wee forces ss Weather, b, c. Conditions anticyclonic. Wind strong from N.W. Weather overcast and misty on both sides of the English Channel, but fine along N. coast of Spain. Temp. still cold. A, Grasshopper-Warbler. B. Wheatear, Willow- Warbler. C. Sedge- Warbler. OO Apnrit 11th (con.). Apri 12th Aprit 13th Apnit 14th 23 Bar. 30:07 in. T. 44° F. Wind E., force 4. Weather, c. Conditions same as on the previous day. Winds N.W. Weather unsettled, cold rain along S. coast of England, gloomy and misty at the mouth of the Channel. Temp. cold. B. Wheatear, Redstart, Willow - Warbler, White Wagtail, Swallow, Sand-Martin, Cuckoo, Common Sandpiper. C. Yellow Wagtail. Bar. 29°88 in. T. 39° F. Wind N.N.W., force 4. Weather, c. Bar. still high over our area. Wind strong from N. Temp. very cold with snow and rain-showers at the Straits of Dover and the E. half of the English Channel; fine over the Bay of Biscay. B. Wheatear, Redstart, Wood-Warbler. C. Lesser Whitethroat. D. Nightingale, Tree-Pipit. : Bar. 30°13 in. TT. 41° F. Wind N.E., force 2. Weather, b. Pressure high over England. Wind still from N., bitterly cold. Temp. under 40° F., except the extreme W. of the Bay of Biscay and at Cape Finisterre. Weather fair generally, but with some mist along the Sussex coast, B. Wheatear, Redstart, Blackcap, Chiffchaff, Willow- Warbler, White Wagtail, Swallow, Sand-Martin, Swift, Cuckoo, Common Sandpiper. C. Whinchat, Lesser Whitethroat. D. Wryneck. Bar. 30:09 in. T. 46° F. Wind S.S.W., force 4, Weather, c. The centre of the anticyclone had passed EH. and was situated over central France. Wind from S.W. ‘Temp. warmer generally, varying from about 40° F., lowest along the N. coast of Spain to above 45° FP, in Scotland. Weather showery in the Channel, misty along the Sussex coast. Fine, but very cold along the N. coast of Spain. Apri ldth APRIL 16th Aprit 17th Aprit 18th 24 B. Wheatear, Willow- Warbler, Wood- Warbler, Swallow, House-Martin, Sand- Martin, Cuckoo, Common Sandpiper. D. Nightingale, Wryneck. Bar. 80:00 in. T. 48° F. Wind W.S.W., force 3. Weather, b, c. Bar. falling. Wind moderate, 8.W. Temp. rather colder. Weather fair generally, but showery along our S.W. coasts with mists on both sides of the Channel. Fine along the N. of Spain and much warmer. A. Grasshopper- Warbler, Land-Rail. B. Wheatear, White Wagtail, Swallow, House- Martin, Sand-Martin, Cuckoo, Common Sandpiper. C. Garden-Warbler, Yellow Wagtail. D. Tree-Pipit. Bar, 29467 in. 7, 492°) Wind SAW forcemia: Weather, r. Conditions due to a large depression between Scotland and Iceland. Strong winds from 8.W. Temp. much warmer. Weather rainy on both sides of the Channel, with a good deal of mist. B. Whitethroat, Willow-Warbler, Swallow, Sand- Martin, Swift, Cuckoo. C. Garden- Warbler, Sedge-Warbler, Yellow Wagtail. D. Nightineale. - Bar. 29°54 in. T. 46° F. Wind W.N.W., force 4. Weather, b, c. Bar. low in a secondary depression over the 8S. of England. Winds very irregular, but mostly mode- rate, W. Weather unsettled, with mist in the 8.E. of England. Temp. lower. A. Ring-Ouzel. B. Wheatear, Redstart, Whitethroat, Blackcap, Chiff- chaff, Wood-Warbler, wallow, House-Martin, Sand-Martin, Common Sandpiper. D. Reed-Warbler, Wryneck. Bar. 29°66 in. T. 48° F. Wind W.S.W., force 5. Weather, c. Aprit 18th (con.). Apri 19th Aprit 20th ,. Apri 2Ist.... Ps) Bar. rising slightly over W. Europe; no change over these islands. Wind strong from S.W. Weather unsettled, squally, with rain along the French coast and S.W. of these islands; mist in the S.E. counties, Temp. warmer. A. Pied Flycatcher. B. Blackcap, Swallow, House-Martin, Swift, Cuckoo, Common Sandpiper. D. Tree-Pipit. Bar. 29:54 in. T, 48° F. Wind W.S.W., force 6. Weather, c. A deep depression with centre over N. of Scotland. Strong N.W. winds over greater part of these islands, but 8. of W. in the English Channel. Weather very unsettled with storms of wind and hail, but warmer on the shores of the Bay of Biscay. Temp. remaining low elsewhere; some mist or fog along the shores of Brittany. B. Whitethroat, Chiffchaff, Willow- Warbler, Swallow, House-Martin, Cuckoo. C. Whinchat, Lesser Whitethroat, Sedge-Warbler, Yellow Wagtail. D. Nightingale, Wryneck. Bar. 29:96 in. T. 47° F. Wind W.N.W., force 3. Weather, b. Bar. falling in the W. of the Channel, rising over the North Sea. Strong N.W. winds over these islands, but 8S. along the shores of the Bay of Biscay and E. over Brittany. Weather fine. Temp. 57° F. along the N. coast of Spain, about 47° F. over the English Channel. A. Grasshopper- Warbler, Pied Flycatcher, Land-Rail. B. Chitichaff, Willow- Warbler, Swallow, House- Martin, Cuckoo. C. Garden-Warbler, Yellow Wagtail, D. Nightingale, Reed- Warbler. Bar. 29°74 in. T. 50° F. Wind 8.W., force 3. Weather, c. Bar. falling, moderate or strong &. winds with some rain over these islands and in Brittany; fog at Biarritz. Temp. warmer. C Aprit 22nd ApRin 23rd Aprin 24th APRIL 25th 26 A. Grasshopper- Warbler. B. Wheatear, Whitethroat, Chiffchaff, Willow - Warbler, White Wagtail, Swallow, House-Martin, Swift, Cuckoo. C. Lesser Whitethroat, Sedge-Warbler, Yellow Wae- tail. D. Nightingale, Wryneck, Turtle-Dove. Bar, 30:03) ins 92,502 eke Wanda INGWWeamorees a. Weather, o. A shallow depression over the Bay of Biscay, light N. winds over our area generally, but 8. or S.E. along the W. of France. Weather fine generally, but with mist or fog in some parts of these islands and rain in the Channel Islands and at Dover. Temp. warmer. B. Willow-Warbler, Swallow, House-Martin, Sand- Martin, Cuckoo. C. Whinchat, Lesser Whitethroat, Sedge-Warbler, Yellow Wagtail. D. Nightingale, Tree-Pipit, Wryneck, Turtle-Dove. Bar. 80:08 in. T. 54° F. | Wind N.N.E., force 1. Weather, b, c. Bar. unsteady, falling slightly. Wind light from N.E. Weather calm generally, with some mists along our W. coasts and parts of the French side of the English Channel. Temp. about 50° F. B. Redstart, Blackeap, Willow-Warbler, Swallow, House-Martin, Cuckoo. C. Whinchat, Yellow Wagtail. D. Nightingale, Turtle-Dove. Bar. 29:79 in. T. 49° F. Wind H.N.E.,; force 1. Weather, b. Bar. falling. Winds light, mainly HE. but strong 8. in the W. of the Channel and the Irish Sea. Weather fine generaily, but some mist or fog at the mouth of the Channel and rain at the Scilly Isles and in Treland. A. Grasshopper-Warbler, Pied Flycatcher, Land- Rail. B. Wheatear, Redstart, Whitethroat, Blackeap, Chil chaft, Willow-Warbler, White Wagtail, Swallow, House-Martin, Sand-Martin, Swift, Common Sand- piper. APRIL 25th (con.). Aprit 26th Aprin 27th APRIL 28th 27 C. Whinchat, Lesser Whitethroat, Garden-Warbler, Sedge-Warbler, Yellow Wagtail. D. Nightingale. Bar. 29:56 in. T. 48° F. Wind W., force 5. Weather, b. Bar. falling slightly, due to a secondary depression over N. of Scotland. Wind moderate or strong from the W. over these islands generally, but S. at the Straits of Dover and North Sea. Weather tine generally, but with rain at the Scilly Isles and along the coast of England. Temp. about 50° F. B. Willow-Warbler, Wood-Warbler, House-Martin, Swift, Common Sandpiper. C. Sedge-Warbler, Yellow Wagtail, Nightjar. D. Reed- Warbler. Tow PRS sng AN AAS IN Nanay S54. Teonee®. Weather, c. A deep depression with centre off S.W. of Treland, with strong S.W. winds. Fair generally, but with rain in the 8.W. ‘Temp. falling slightly. B. Wood-Warbler, Swallow, House-Martin, Sand- Martin, Swift, Cuckoo. ©. Lesser Whitethroat, Sedge- Warbler, Nightjar. TD. Nightingale, Wryneck. Bar. 29°33 in. T. 51° F. Wind S.S.W., force 7. Weather, o. Bar. rising, Winds strong 8. over our area. Weather unsettled, showery and squally; some mist over Brittany. Temp. warm. A. Ring - Ouzel, Grasshopper- Warbler, Pied Fly- catcher. B. Wheatear, Redstart, Whitethroat, Blackcap, Chiff chaff, Willow-Warbler, Wood-Warbler, Spotted Flycatcher, Swallow, House-Martin, Sand-Martin, Cuckoo, Common Sandpiper. ©. Whinchat, Sedge- Warbler. D. Nightingale, Tree-Pipit. Bar, 29:67 in. TU. 51° BF. Wind S8.S.E-, force 4. Weather, c. Bar. rising. Winds moderate or strong from S. ‘Weather overcast or gloomy. Temp. warm. C2 Apnrin 29th APRIL 30th May Ist May 2nd 28 B. Whitethroat, Willow-Warbler, Wood -Warbler, Swallow, House-Martin, Cuckoo. C. Yellow Wagtail. Bar. 80:00 in. T. 50° F. Wind S., force 3. Weather, b, c. Bar. rising generally, but falling at Bordeaux and Biarritz. Wind moderate from 8. or 8.E. Weather fine generally, but some rain and mist at the mouth of the Channel. Temp. warm. B. Wheatear, Redstart, Whitethroat, Blackcap, Spotted Flycateher, Swailow, House-Martin, Swift. C. Sedge- Warbler. D. Nightingale, Red-backed Shrike, Bar. 2984 in. T. 48° F. Wind W.S.W., force 5. Weather, c. A depression with its centre over the W. of Scotland, with wind circulating cyclonieally round it over these islands; a light breeze from N. along the French coast of the Bay of Biscay. Weather fair generally at first, but raining later over these islands. Temp. warm, being 47° F. at Cape Finisterre, and 50° F. or upwards over the English Channel and England. A. Grasshopper- Warbler. B. Wheatear, Blackcap, Swallow, Swift, Cuckoo, Common Sandpiper. C. Lesser Whitethroat, Nightjar. D. Tree-Pipit, Turtle-Dove. Bar: 29°93" an.) i 49o er, Wand SSaVVeetorce mas Weather, b, c. Bar. rising. Winds light in force, very variable in direction, mostly W. to S. over our area, but N.W. over HE. Angha, our 8... counties, and Belgium. Weather cloudy or overcast, with rain at various points on each side of the Channel and North Sea. Temp. under 50° F. over these islands. A. Land-Rail. B. Wheatear, Whitethroat, Blackcap, Chiffchaff, Willow-Warbler, Wood-Warbler, Swallow, House- Martin, Sand-Martin, Common Sandpiper. C. Lesser Whitethrout, Sedge-Warbler, Yellow Wag- tail. May 2nd (con.). May 38rd May 4th May 5th 29 D. Red-backed Shrike, Turtle-Dove. Bar. 29°95 in. T. 49° F. Wind N.W., force 1. Weather, b. Bar. rising. Light W. winds or calms with much mist along both shores of the Channel. Temp. low. A, Ring-Ouzel. B. Whitethroat, Wood-Warbler, Swallow, House- Martin, Swift. C. Lesser Whitethroat, Sedge- Warbler. D. Reed-Warbler. Bar. 29°71 in. T. 48° F. Wind W.S.W., force 3. ‘Weather, r. Bar. falling, due toa “ V ”-shaped depression over these islands, and winds circulating cyclonically round it, viz. S. and light in force over the Bay of Biscay and the greater part of W. France, the English Channel, England and Scotland, but strong from N.W. over Treland and the Scilly Isles. Weather unsettled ; rainy from Biarritz to Stornoway, but fine along the coast of H. Anglia. Temp. still low. B. Swallow, House-Martin, Swift, Common Sand- piper. C. Nightjar. D. Reed-Warbler, Turtle-Dove. Bar. 29°49 in. T. 47° FEF. Wind N.W., force 6. Weather, b, c. A depression with centre over S.E. England with winds circulating cyclonically round it. Weather rainy; some mist along the Sussex coast. Temp. low. A. Grasshopper- Warbler. B. Wheatear, Whitethroat, Blackcap, Chiffchaff, Willow-Warbler, Spotted Flycatcher, Swallow, House-Martin, Swift, Cuckoo, Common Sandpiper. C. Sedge- Warbler. D. Nightingale, Reed- Warbler, Tree-Pipit, Red-backed Shrike, Wryneck. Bate 20:60" meV i Asean ee Wind SIN. forcesus Weather, c. 30 INEAW Ou s rior Bar. rising over England and Franee, but pressure (con.). very irregular, Winds variable in direction and force, but N. over England, the Channel and French coast, W. along N. coast of Spain. Mist on both sides of the English Channel in places, with rain in many parts of England and shores of the Bay of biscay. It was fine, however, in S.W. of England. Temp. cold. May 6th ...... LB, Whitethroat, Blackcap, Willow-Warbler, Swallow, House-Martin, Swift. C, Garden- Warbler. D. Tree-Pipit. Bar. 29°54 in. T. 48° F. Wind S.S.E., force 5. Weather, r. A long V-shaped depression extending from the Hebrides to Devonshire. Winds circulating cycloni- cally round it. Weather unsettled, with fog over the 8. half of the Bay of Biscay, rain over these islands and English Channel. Temp. low. MPASVariitline saint A. Grasshopper- Warbler. B. Wheatear, Redstart, Whitethroat, Blackcap, Willow-Warbler, Spotted Flycatcher, Swallow. C. Whinchat, Garden- Warbler, Sedge- Warbler. D. Turtle-Dove. Bars 29:64" nen AG eB Wanda SaVWiew 1ORCE aoe Weather, b, c. A large depression on the W. coast of Ireland, Winds strong from some point between W. and 8. over our area. Weather unsettled generally, with some mist at the mouth of the Channel, but fair in the Channel itself and neighbouring coasts. Temp. still low. NEA. Sth sani. B. Wheatear, Whitethroat, Chiffchaff, Willow- Warbler, Spotted Flyeatcher, Swallow, House- Martin, Swift, Common Sandpiper. C. Garden- Warbler, Sedge- Warbler. Bar. 2949) an. Aso aWindsS:) forces 6: Weather, r. A depression between Ireland and S.W. England Strong 8. winds. Weather, raining generally, with some mist over Brittany. Temp. rising slightly. . : NAN Oth. 4... 5: May 10th May 11th May 12th A, Land-Rail. B. Wheatear, Whitethroat, Blackeap, Willow- Warbler, Swallow, House-Martin, Sand-Martin Swift. C. Whinchat, Sedge-Warbler, Nightjar. Bar. 29°52 in. T. 51° F. Wind S8.S.E., force: 5. Weather, c. Bar. falling. Winds had backed towards HE. Weather very unsettled, rain-squalls at the mouth of the Channel, mist and rain on §.K, coast of England. Temp. about 50° F, A. Pied Flycatcher. B. Wheatear, Whitethroat, Willow-Warbler, Spotted Flycatcher, Swallow, House-Martin, Sand-Martin, Swit. C. Whinchat, Sedge- Warbler. D. Turtle-Dove. Ise, PSS) ais AN IS TE sunk Se, ateos 41 Weather, b, c. Bar. inclined to rise. Strong wind from 8. Weather fine on N. coast of Spain and along the French shores of the Bay of Biscay and the Channel; fair along the greater part of our 8. coast, but raining at Dungeness ; misty and foggy and very cold along the K. of England and Scotland. B. Wheatear, Whitethroat, Blackcap, Willow- Warbler, Wood-Warbler, Spotted Flycatcher, Swallow, House-Martin, Swift. C. Garden-Warbler, Sedge- Warbler. D. Tree-Pipit, Turtle-Dove. Bar. 29°85 m. T. 50° F. Wind W.S.W., force 3. Weather, c. Bar. low, with centre of depression to W. of Ireland. Wind moderate from 8.W. over the Bay of Biscay, the Channel, England, and Ireland, E. over Scotland. Weather fair. Temp. warm. B. Wheatear, Whitethroat, Spotted Flycatcher, Sand- Martin, Swift, Cuckoo. C. Garden- Warbler, Sedge- Warbler, Nightjar. D. Turtle-Dove. Bar, 29:83 in, 1 a0l ek Wand Se torce: Gg, Weather, r. May 12th (con.). May 13th. ereve May 14th .. May 15th 32 Bar. falling generally, with centre of depression over S.W. corner of Ireland, with moderate or strong winds circulating cyclonically round it. Weather rainy along the coasts of France, the 8.W. and W. of England, Wales, and Ireland; misty along the S. coast of Cornwall. Temp. about 50° F. B. Redstart, Whitethroat, Blackcap, Spotted Fly- catcher, Sand-Martin. C. Whinchat, Garden- Warbler, Sedge- Warbler. Bar. 29:99 in. T. 51° F. Wind N.E., force 3. Weather, o. Centre of depression was over the Bay of Biscay. Wind W. at Cape Finisterre, 8. at Biarritz and Bordeaux, E. elsewhere. Weather dull over the Channel and 8. of England, with rain at Jersey and Dungeness. Temp. about 50° F. B. Whitethroat, Spotted Flycatcher, Swift. C. Sedge-Warbler. D. Red-backed Shrike, Turtle-Dove. Bar. 80:09 in. T. 53° F. Wind N.N.E., force 5. Weather, b, c. as Bar, rising generally, but there were small secondary depressions passing E. across Great Britain. Light winds from N, or N.E. over the whole of our area. Weather rainy, with much mist along our coasts and the French shores of the English Channel. Temp. about 50° F. A. Land-Rail. B. Whitethroat, Spotted Flycatcher, Sand-Martin, Swift. C. Sedge- Warbler. Bar. 29°99 in. T. 48° F. Wind N.N.E., force 8. Weather, b, c. The depression had moved §$.E. with centre over Biarritz, Strong winds from N.E. over S. of England, Channel, and N. of France. Weather fair generally, but misty alone the 8. shores of the English Channel, the Scilly Isles, Bristol and St. George’s Channels. Temp. still low, not reaching 50° F. in these islands. 2 e act, —— —— KK 4 Miwe iGthr: iMiAwadithy May 18th .... May 19th , Wise BOW cose A. Land-Rail. B. Redstart, Swift. D. Turtle-Dove. Bar. 29°99 in. T. 46° F. Wind N.N.E., force 6. Weather, b. The depression to S. had passed E. Wind still from some N. or N.E. point over the greater part of our area. Temp. still cold over these islands and neigh- bouring seas. Weather fair generally, but overcast and misty along the French shores of the English Channel, the Scilly Isles, and Bristol Channel. B. Swallow. Bar. 29°76 in. T. 56° F. Wind N.N.E., force 4. Weather, b. Bar. pressure very irregular, rising over France and Spain, falling over these islands generally and the North Sea. Winds very irregular, but mostly from some N. point, in the S. of England, the Channel, and the French coast. Weather fair generally, but misty or foggy at Cape Finisterre, Brittany, Normandy, the Scilly Isles, and central England. Temp. still cold. B. Swallow, Swift. C. Nightjar. D. Turtle-Dove. Bar. 29°87 in. T. 50° F. Wind W.N,W., ferce 4. Weather, b, c. Bar. rising. Moderate or strong winds from N.W. Weather fair; no mist or fog reported anywhere. Temp. still cold. B. House-Martin, Common Sandpiper. C. Lesser Whitethroat, Nightjar. Bar. 30°02 in. T. 56° F. Wind N.W., force 4. Weather, b. Bar. high. Winds N.W. Weather fine, but colder. B. Whitethroat, Spotted Flycatcher, Swift. C. Garden- Warbler, Sedge- Warbler. D. Turtle-Dove. Bar. 30:10 in. T. 52° F. Wind W.S.W., foree o. Weather, c. May 20th (con.). May 21st May 22nd , May 23rd May 24th May 25th d4 Pressure highest over the Bay of Biscay and France. Wind 8.W. Weather rainy and unsettled over S. of England, foggy at Havre, fine along the N. coast of Spain. Temp. much warmer. B. Swallow. Bar. 80:10 in, T. 52° F. Wind S.W., force 4. Weather, c. Bar, rising over the Bay of Biscay, W. France, and S. England; falling elsewhere. Wind moderate or strong from 8.W., but EH. at Bordeaux and Biarritz. Weather fine. Temp. warmer. B. Common Sandpiper. Bar. 30°13 in. TT. 519 F. Wind W., force 5. Weather, b, c. Bar. rising. Wind W. Fine generally, but misty at Corunna and Brest. Temp. about 50° F. B. Swift. Bar. 30:18 in. T. 53° F. Wind W., force 4. Weather, ec. Bar, rising. Wind W., strong. Weather overcast, with a good deal of coast fog and rain along our 5S. and 8.W. coasts and the French shores of the English Channel; also at Cape Finisterre. Temp. warmer. Bar. 30°35 in. T. 52° F, Wind W.S.W., force 2. Weather, f. Pressure anticyclonic with maximum above 30:3 in. over the Bay of Biscay, France, and 8. England. Wind 8S.W. Much fog and mist along the coast of France and our §8.W. and W. shores, also at Biarritz ; much fog in the Channel and Irish Sea. Temp. decidedly warmer. B. Spotted Flycatcher. Bar. 30°29 in. T. 48° F. Wind N.E., force 3. Weather, f. Still anticyclonic. Winds light fromS.W. Weather fine generally but with much fog along the Channel. The sea fog kept temp. low on S. coast, below 50° F.; elsewhere warmer, about 60° F. May 26th May 27th May 28th May 29th May 30th (SS) Or A. Land-Rail. Bar, 30:21 im. “T. 59°. EF.) Wind: H.N-E., force 3: Weather, b, c. Bar. rising generally over the North Sea and France, but falling over the Bay of Biscay, the W. of the Channel, and the Irish Sea. Wind heht from EK, over S. of Mneland, the coasts of the Inglish Channel, and the French coast of the Bay of Biscay, but W. at Corunna and over Ireland and Scotland. Weather fine generally, but fog or mist locally on our W. and 8.W. coasts, the French side of the English Channel, and at Corunna. Temp. warmer over France, the Channel, and 8. England. ©. Nightjav. Bar. 80:08 in. T 56°F. Windcalm. Weather, b. A shallow depression over S. Tingland. Wind irregular, light, mostly W. Weather fair generally, but misty at Corunna and the French coasts and also at Southampton. Temp. warmer. Barso0sor in lool ba Wand Savi. force nds Weather, b, c. Bar. rising over the North Sea, England, and France, but falling in the N. of Iveland and W. of Scotland. Winds light S. Weather fogey on various parts of our W. and S.W. coasts, also on the French shores of the Channel and over Brittany. Temp. about 55° F, on both sides of the Channel. Banec9,0Gn ines aol O es Winds Ssketorcem 2: Weather, f. Bar. falling. Light E. breezes over France, the English Channel, and 8. of England, W. over N. of England, Ireland, and Scotland. Weather overcast and rainy with much fog and mist along our W, and S.W. coasts. Temp. rather warmer. D, Red-backed Shiike. Bar. 29°68 in. T. 55° F. Wind E.S.E., force 2, Weather, c. Bar. falling, centre of depression over Ireland. Winds moderate, from S.E. Weather cloudy to overcast, with mist on 8, W, coast of England. Temp. warn. 36 May 3lst .... Bar. 29:83 in. T. 538° F. Wind S8.W., force 5. Weather, b. Centre of depression had passed N. of Scotland. Strong 8.W. winds over our area. Weather fair generally and the fog had cleared, but showers reported from many places, Temp. lower; under 50° F. everywhere. Notr.—In the maps which illustrate the migrations of the following species an attempt has been made to trace their course by separating and grouping the different move- ments, but it must be understood that this grouping is to a certain extent artificial and is only done for the sake of clearness. The successive immigrations are indicated on the maps by the following signs :— First immigration thus :— 2 Second a a G) Third 53 ” Nouri ye. Me > Fifth %, 55 (23) Sixth os a <> THE RING-OUZEL. Turdus torquatus, L. Tur Ring-Ouzel seems to have arrived, so far as our British residents are concerned, entirely on that part of the south coast lying to the west of Hampshire. Harly examples, which may possibly have wintered in some part of the south-west of England, were seen in Carmarthen- shire in the middie of February and in Westmoreland on the 8th of March. The first arrivals noted in the southern counties were seen in Somersetshire on the 14th of March, and a single bird, probably a passage-migrant, in Sussex on the following day. The first movement of any magnitude seems to have occurred in the west about the 25th, and was followed by others between the 30th of March and the 3rd of April, one or two passage-migrants appearing during the same period in certain of the south-eastern counties. These immigrants spread rapidly north through the western counties, reaching Renfrewshire by the 29th of March and Cumberland and Yorkshire by the 2nd and 3rd of April. Between the 6th and 9th considerable numbers of Ring-Ouzels passed the Channel Islands lights; and though it seems probable, from the presence of passage-migrants in the eastern counties from the 7th onwards, that a proportion, at any rate, of these birds landed on our shores, no detinite arrivals were reported until the 9th. With the advent of these, the records from inland soon increased, while most of the Welsh breeding-birds seem certainly to have been included in this migration. Further arrivals in Devonshire on the 18th and a movement noticed at the Channel Islands on the 28th, seem to have consisted 38 mainly of birds bound for breeding-places beyond the Scottish border and farther north. Ring-Ouzels were nesting in Devonshire by the 23rd, in Yorkshire by the 25th of April and in Renfrewshire by the 2nd of May ; while eggs were found in Radnorshire on the latter date, in Lancashire on the 11th, and young were already hatched in Northumberland before the 9th and in Staffordshire by the 16th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. Mid- Feb. Carmarthen. March 8th. Westmoreland. 14th. Somerset. ra 15th. Sussex. 21st. Cumberland. ¥ Dereel- Herts. “3 25th. Somerset (passing). 3 26th. Cheshire. + Pitti: Essex, Worcester. if 29th. Renfrew. ue 30th. Devon, Staffordshire. Je\jorenl| © Juste. Devon, Lancashire. si 2nd. Cumberland. “0 ord. Scilly Isles, Yorkshire. 5th/6th. Channel Islands light. 7th. Gloucester. 7th to 13th. Suffolk (passing). 7th/8th. Channel Islands light. Sth. Northumberland. », 8th/9th. Channel Islands light. 3 9th. Devon (fresh arrivals on SS. coast). Brecon. es 12th. Merioneth. “ 14th. Brecon, Shropshire, Cheshire. 15th. Yorkshire (slight increase). 18th. Devon (fresh arrivals). hy) April 22nd. Cumberland (increase), ss 23rd. Devon (nesting). a 25th. Yorkshire (nest ready). » 2@th/28th. Channel Islands light. is 30th. Yorkshire (slight increase). May Ist. Cambridge. 55 2nd. Radnor (eggs). Renfrew (building). ord. Kent (passing). s Ath. Cheshire (nesting). : dth. Lancashire (increase). » oth to 9th. Northumberland (mests with young and eggs). i 11th. Lancashire (nest with eggs). es 16th. Staffordshire (nest with young). 40 WHEATHAR. p-=April without initial are in March English Miles. a a y A Dates JE NGLAN ax WALES a af A ‘ 4] THE WHEATEAR. Saxicola wnanthe (1.). Tae Wheatear arrived along the whole of the south coast, but first and chiefly on the western half. Early arrivals were seen in the Isle of Wight on the 22nd of February, in Suffolk on the 6th and 10th of March, and in Shropshire on the 12th. The first immigration commenced on the 12th of March, when a few birds landed in Cornwall and Hampshire. Wheatears occurred at one of the Channel Islands lights on that night, and further arrivals took place in Cornwall on the following morning. Two days later the first arrival of Wheatears on the Sussex coast was noted, and this was followed by others in Hampshire and Kent on the 16th and 17th. The number of individuals in each case seems to have been small, and the birds do not seem to have advanced immediately very far into the country. The second immigration landed along the whole of the south coast between the 20th and 23rd of March, and seems to have been of rather larger dimensions, as the species was reported for the first time from a good many counties during the following days. The birds arriving in the west apparently passed north rather more rapidly than those on the east ; they reached North Wales on the 22nd, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire two days later, Northumberland on the 25th, - and Argylishire on the 26th. The northward passage of some of the eastern arrivals is probably indicated by a record from one of the Norfolk lights on the 23rd. Between the 27th of March and the 6th of April four distinct immigrations arrived at different points on the south coast and appear for DB 42 the most part to have travelled north along the east and west coast-lines to the northern counties, the Isle of Man, and Scotland ; from the midland counties of Hngland but little movement was reported. From the 8th to the 15th of April Wheatears occurred nightly in some numbers at the Caskets light, but arrivals were only recorded on the south coast on the 8th, 10th, 11th, 14th, 16th and 18th. There is little evidence of the route taken by these birds, but there are indications that a good many passed north by way of the west coast. Some of those, however, that arrived on the eastern half of the south coast on the 14th and 16th seem to have passed through the eastern half of the kingdom. On the 13th of April the larger race of the Wheatear was reported for the first time at the lights in the Channel Islands and the Isle of Wight, and at the former on the following night ; and it seems probable that a considerable pro- portion of the arrivals at the latter end of this movement were passage-migrants of the larger race. Subsequently a good many birds of the smaller race arrived on the eastern half of the south coast on the 28th of April and a few on the Sth of May, but on each occasion they were accompanied by birds of the larger race. All appear to have been passage-migrants and to have travelled north mainly by the east and west coast-routes. Between the 25th and 30th of April and the 5th and 12th of May continuous passages of the larger race, in unusually large numbers during the first period, were observed at the Caskets, while arrivals were recorded on a few occasions on our south coast. These birds seem to have travelled mainly by the coastal routes, though there were several scattered records of birds passing through inland counties. By the beginning of April some of the earlier arrivals had settled down in our southern counties, and eggs were found in Somersetshire on the 26th and in Suffolk on the 29th. Wheatears were also reported as nesting in Kent on the 5th of May, in Derbyshire on the 7th, and eggs were found in Renfrewshire on the 15th. Feb. 43 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE ReEcorDs. 22nd. Isle of Wight. March 5th & 10th. Suffolk. 39 12th. Cornwall, Hants, Shropshire. », 12th/13th. Channel Islands light. by) 99 oy) 99 bP) 99 9 99 pe) 29 13th. 14th. le 16th. 17th. 18th. 20th. 20th & 21st. 21st. 92nd. 23rd. 24th. 24th to 30th. 25th. 26th. 27th. 27th/28th. 28th. Cornwall (slight increase). Bedford. Somerset. Sussex, Norfolk. Hants (passing). Herts. Kent. Carmarthen. Cornwall and Brecon (passing). Kent (passing). Bedford and Suffolk (slight increase). Cornwall (decrease). Scilly Isles, Gla- morgan, Carnarvon, Cumberland. Carnarvon (slight increase). Norfolk light. Suffolk (slight increase). Bedford (decrease). Hants (passing). Dorset, Surrey, Monmouth, Essex, Worcester, Staffordshire. Northampton (passing). Merioneth, Derby, Lincoln, Yorkshire. Monmouth (passing). Sussex and Carmarthen (increase). Devon (slight increase). Denbigh, Northum- berland. Derby (increase). Carnarvon (slight in- crease). Argyll. Cornwall (increase). Carnarvon (slight increase). Cheshire, Lancashire, West- moreland. Yorkshire light. Cornwall and Yorkshire lights. Sussex (decrease). Anglesey, Flint. D2 A4 March 29th. Anglesey (slight imerease). Cornwall (decrease). Renfrew. » 29th/30th. Carnarvon light. a 30th. Argyll (passing). Pembroke. » 380th/31st. Hants light. 4 Sileste Yorkshire light. Kent (increase). Wilts. ,, Slst/Ist April. Channel Islands light. April Ist. Cumberland (increase). , AIstto 6th. Brecon (settled). 5 2nd. Northumberland (increase). 3rd/4th. Carnarvon light. Pe Ath. Somerset (increase). Bedford (slight in- crease). = 4th/5th. Channel Islands light. a 5th. Ayr. cH 6th. Channel Islands light. Surrey (passing). . 7th. Suffolk Gnerease). Gloucester. cs 7th/8th. Channel Islands light. a 8th. Jornwall (increase). 5 8th/9th. Channel Islands light. 5 9th. Somerset (increase). , 9th/10th. Channel Islands and Hants lights. As 10th. Isle of Man, Lancashire. , 10th/11th. Channel Islands and Sussex lights. - 11th. Sutfolk (increase). Cornwall (decrease). », 1lth/12th. Channel Islands light. ‘ 12th. Carnarvon (large numbers passing). , 12th/13th. Channel Islands light. , 13th/14th. Channel Islands and Hants lights. BS 14th. Radnor. ,, 14th to 27th. Cheshire (stragglers passing). » 14th/15th. Channel Islands light. i 15th. Carnarvon (large numbers passing). a, 16th. Isle of Wight and Kent (passing). ‘ 17th. Bedford (nerease). x 18th. Devon {increase). Lincoln (passing). a 19th. Suffolk (increase). Hants (settled). Bucks. April 20th. 39 99 39 99 May 29 99 3) Dist: 22nd. 23rd. 24th. 24th/25th. 26th. 27th. 27th/28th. 45 Lincoln and Yorkshire (increase). War- wick (passing). Renfrew (usual number). Middlesex. Berks. Bedford (large influx). Carnarvon (large numbers passing). Lincoln (passing). Suffolk (passing). Flint (slight increase). Channel Islands and Hants lights. Somerset (nest with eggs). Somerset (increase). Channel Islands and Hants lights. 28th to 4th May. Carnarvon (small parties passing). » 28th/29th. Yorkshire light. 29th. 29th/30th. Suffolk (several on passage), (nest with eggs). Channel Islands light. 30th/Ist May. Carnarvon light. 2nd. 3rd. Ath. 4th/5th. 5th. 5th/6th. 6th. 6th/7th. 7th. 7th/8th & 8th/9th. 9th. 9th/10th. 10th/11th & 12th. 13th. L5th. ligula Scilly Isles, Cornwall, Monmouth, and Renfrew (increase). Suffolk (several’ on passage). Radnor (increase). Staffordshire (fresh arrivals). Channel Islands, Hants, Anglesey and Yorkshire lights. Suffolk (decrease). Kent (nesting). Carnarvon light. Scilly Isles (decrease). Channel Islands light. Derby (nesting). } channel Islands light. Isle of Wight and Warwick (passing). Channel Islands and Anglesey lights. } Channel Islands light. Argyll (numbers). Renfrew (nest with eggs), Lancashire (nest ready). 46 THE WHINCHAT. Pratincola rubetra (L.). Tur Whinchat probably arrived along the whole of the south coast, though not recorded from Cornwall, but it appeared first and in largest numbers to the east of Dorsetshire. A bird which apparently remained throughout the winter was recorded from Yorkshire on the 3rd of January, and early stragglers were reported from Wiltshire and Berkshire on the 13th and 23rd of March, and from Bedfordshire, Worcestershire, Hssex, and Suffolk between the 4thand 10th of April. The first immigration was small and appears to have arrived at both the eastern and western ends of the south coast about the 14th of April, and to have been followed by a rather larger one about the 20th. By the 24th Whinchats were thinly scattered over a great part of England and Wales, though they seem to have been rather more numerous, and to have extended farther north on the eastern than on the western side of the kingdom. A third immigration, which does not appear to have been of large dimensions, arrived along the whole of the south coast between the 23rd and 25th of April, and was apparently ab- sorbed in filling up gaps in the territory already occupied. The fourth, which was of rather larger dimensions and was also recorded from the Channel Islands, reached our shores on the 28th of April, and seems to have contained the main body of the breeding-birds for the western counties, Wales, and Seotland. Further movements were noticed at the Channel Islands ou the 7th, 10th and 13th of May, and immigrants certainly _arrived in Hampshire cn the latter date, while there were 47 indications of other arrivals on the south coast about the 9th; but owing to the scantiness of the records it is impossible to be more definite on the latter point or to trace the course of these later migrants. In Berkshire, where early stragglers were reported, Whin- chats are stated to have commenced nesting by the 24th of April. They had settled down in Staffordshire by the 28th and were building in Northumberland on the 6th of May, in Gloucestershire by the 8th, and in Staffordshire by the 11th. Eggs were found in Kent on the 16th and in Derbyshire on the 23rd, while young birds were found in Staffordshire on the 19th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. Jan. ord. Yorkshire. March 13th. Wilts. “s 23rd. Berks. April 4th. Bedford. Be 7th. Worcester. Es 9th. Essex. < 10th. Suffolk. se 14th. Sussex, Somerset, Monmouth. me 18th. Northumberland. ae 19th. Staffordshire. 20th. Hants. _ 21st. Leicester. 22nd. Bedford (great influx). Carmarthen, Yorkshire. 26 Zonas Surrey, Cambridge, Carnarvon. 24th. Berks (nesting). Cambridge (slight in- crease). Kent. 24th/25th. Hants light. 25th. Somerset (passing). Oxford, Merioneth, Lincoln. 26th. Somerset (decrease). 27th. Cambridge (slight increase). Herts, Lancashire. 99 3? 48 April 27th/28th. Channel Islands and Hants lights. 9) 28th, 29th. 30th. Ist. 2nd. DIBOl Ath. 6th. 7th. 8th. 9th. 10th. 11th. 12th/13th. 13th. 14th. 16th. 18th. 19th. - oes Cambridge and Yorkshire (increase). Somerset (decrease). Staffordshire (settled). Shropshire. Brecon. Carnarvon (increase). Lancashire (slight increase). Derby, Renfrew. Warwick. Glamorgan, Mull of Galloway. Middlesex, Cheshire, Ayr. Cambridge (increase). Northumberland (building). Channel Islands light. Derby (increase). Merioneth (slight increase). Cumber- land. Carmarthen (increase). Cambridge (usual numbers). Gloucester (nesting). Derby (increase). Surrey (slight increase). Devon. Channel Islands light. Yorkshire (increase). Merioneth (slight increase). Staffordshire (nesting). Hants light. Channel Islands light. Cheshire (usual numbers). Kent (nest with eggs). Denbigh (paired). Somerset (increase). Staffordshire (nest with young). Derby (nest with eggs). ee ae THE REDSTART. Ruticilla phenicurus (L.). THE Redstart arrived along the whole of the south coast, but the majority seem to have landed to the west of Hampshire, although the earliest birds reported were from the eastern end. These arrived in Kent and Sussex on the 9th of April, and were followed by others farther west between the 12th and 14th; the record from one of the Yorkshire lights on the 11th probably points to the passage northwards of some of the eastern arrivals along the east coast, otherwise these first-comers seem to have become thinly dispersed, mostly over the southern half of England. There were indications of a second arrival on the western half of the coast about the 18th, as some of the gaps in the bird’s distribution began to fill up after that date, and its range became extended to the northern counties and to Scotland during the following week, The third and fourth immigrations, which seem to have contained a larger number of individuals, landed all along the south coast on the 24th and 25th and on the 28th of April, being recorded at the lights both in the Channel Islands and in the Isle of Wight. Some of the easternmost of these arrivals travelled north-east into Hast Anglia and Lincolnshire, while the others passed north to the northern Midlands, Lancashire, and Wales. On the 29th/30th Redstarts again occurred at the Channel Islands lights, but no arrivals were recorded on the south coast, though the records of passing birds both on the east and west sides of the country during the following week indicated that a further immigration must have occurred. On the 7th 50 ENGLAND ann WALES English Miles. 10 A =May Dates without initial are M in April REDSTART. 51 and 13th of May similar records were again received, but there was very little evidence that these birds reached our shores. Redstarts were reported as nesting in Carmarthenshire on the 30th of April, and building in Berkshire on the 3rd of May and in Lancashire on the 12th, while nests with eggs were found in Somersetshire on the 3rd, in Northumberland on the 7th, in Radnorshire on the 16th, and in Cheshire and Westmoreland on the 24th, and nests with young in Shrop- shire on the 21st of May and in Warwickshire on the 8th of June. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. Ja\joall | Ghd Sussex, Kent. mes lilithe Yorkshire light. 5 12th. Somerset, Suffolk. - 13th. Hants. », 13th/14th. Hants light. m > Ghoe Northampton. e itis Gloucester, Oxford. Bs 18th. Somerset (increase). Northumberland. * 19th. Berks, Bedford, Yorkshire. x 20th. Herts, Cumberland. 5 21st. Somerset (decrease). Shropshire. ss 22nd. Cambridge, Leicester. 3 23rd. Middlesex, Worcester, Warwick. ss 24th. Devon, Westmoreland. », 24th/25th. Channel Islands and Hants lights. a 25th. Surrey, Cheshire, Lancashire, Renfrew. 3 26th. Staffordshire, Derby. cs 27th. Herts and Cambridge (increase). Hssex. » 27th/28th. Channel Islands and Hants lights. is 29th. Cumberland (increase). Brecon, Radnor, Lincoln. » 29th/30th. Channel Islands light. ss 30th. Cambridge (increase). Carmarthen (nest- ing). May Ist. Merioneth (passing). June 2nd. 3rd. Ath. 5th. 7th. 10th. 12th. 13th. 16th. 52 Monmouth. Radnor (increase). Somerset (nest with egos). Berks (building). Suffolk (passing). Mull of Galloway. Shropshire (increase). Channel Islands light. Northumberland (nest with egos). Westmoreland (increase). Lancashire (building). Channel Islands light. Radnor (nest with eggs). 17th & 18th. Essex (increase). 18th. Dili: 24th. 25th. 8th. Suffolk (nest). Staffordshire (nest with young). Cheshire (nest with eggs). Westmore- land (incubating). Leicester (sitting). Warwick (nest with young). THE NIGHTINGALE. Daulias luscinia (L.). THIs species arrived on the southern and south-eastern coasts from Dorsetshire to Suffolk. The earliest records were from Dorsetshire, Hampshire, Kent, Sussex, and Suffolk on the 13th, 15th and 17th of April. On the 21st the birds apparently commenced to arrive in greater numbers, and this influx continued until the 24th, by which date they had extended over the country as far north as Nottinghamshire and as far west as Glamorganshire. On the 25th, 27th, 28th and 30th of April, and on the 5th of May further immigratory movements occurred which made up the full complement of birds in the territory already occupied and caused an extension northwards into Lincolnshire. Nests with eggs were found in Suffolk on the 6th of May, in Hampshire on the 7th, in Surrey on the 10th, in Cam- bridgeshire on the 11th, in Northamptonshire on the 13th, in Sussex on the 17th, and in Essex on the 20th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. pel lathe Dorset. 5 15th. Hants, Kent. e/a Sussex, Suffolk. « 20th. Surrey, Hssex, Northampton. 21st. Kent (increase). Somerset, Cambridge. - 22nd. Sussex (increase). Wilts, Berks, Mon- mouth, Norfolk. = 23rd. Suffolk (increase). Surrey and Hssex (slight increase). Glamorgan, Gloucester, Oxford, Herts, Worcester, Notts. oF NIGHTINGALE. oO ee = ENGLAN D axmp WALES ~paieeh Notes M= May Dates without initial are fa April lal April 24th. re) 99 99 24th/25th. 25th. QT tld 27th/28th. 28th. 28th & 29th. 29th. 30th. Ist. 3rd. Ath. 5th. 6th. daulive 10th. 11th. 12th. Pes 17th. 18th. 20th. ay) Cambridge and Essex (increase). Wilts (slight increase). Shropshire. Hants light. Bedford. Dorset and Berks (increase) Hants light. Hants and Essex (increase). Berks (de- crease). Devon, Isle of Wight. Cambridge (increase). Herts (slight increase). Lincoln. Hants (increase). Somerset (slight in- crease). Surrey (slight increase). Berks (increase). Herts (increase). Kent and Shropshire (increase). Isle of Wight (slight increase). Suffolk (nest with eggs). Hants (nest with eggs). Surrey (nest with eggs). Cambridge (nest with eggs). Worcester (usual numbers). Somerset (nesting). Northampton (nest with eggs). Sussex (nest with eggs). Shropshire (nesting). Suffolk (usual numbers). Dorset (nest). Kssex (nest with eggs). a Se { . 5 — SSS = ——— ENGLAND arn WALES 0 40° 50 Geographical Miles 1020, 30), 40), 50 | M= May M Dates without initial are in April | ij Engush Miles. | | u 20 30 THE WHITETHROAT. Sylvia cinerea, Bechst. Tuer Whitethroat arrived along the whole of the south coast, but in greatest numbers on the western half, Harly stragglers were reported from Devonshire and Kent on the 25th and 26th of March. The first immigration of © small numbers occurred during the second week of April, and a second, comprising rather larger numbers, landed along the whole south coast on the 17th, 18th and 20th, after which the species became thinly distributed over the greater part of England, ranging even to Cumberland and the Isle of Man, but very few birds seem to have passed into Wales. There was, perhaps, another small immigration on the eastern half of the south coast about the 22nd, but this is uncertain. The third and fourth immigrations, including a large number of birds, arrived on the 24th and 25th of April, and on the 28th and 29th on the western half of the coast, being recerded at the lights in the Channel Islands, the Isle of Wight and Cornwall. With the advent of these migrants the inland recerds at once showed an increase, while those from the lights on both the east and west coasts indicated that passage-movements were in progress. These large movements were followed by a series of smaller immigra- tions which landed along the whole of the south coast between the 30th of April and the 6th of May. It seemed evident that after the arrival of these birds the number of our summer-residents was practically complete, and nesting had already commenced. From the 6th to the 12th of May, Whitethroats occurred E 58 every night at the Caskets light in enormous numbers, and in small numbers on the nights of the 13th, 14th and 19th; there were also indications that arrivals took place on the south coast until the 13th, and that passage- movements were in progress up the west coast during the same period. It seems probable also that some of the residents for our northern counties were included in the earlier part of this movement, but owing to the number of birds already present in the country their progress could not be traced until their presence became manifest in their summer-quarters. The greater proportion of these birds must, however, have been passage-migrants on their way to more northern summer-quarters. Whitethroats were recorded as nesting in Devonshire on the 25th of April. Nests ready for eggs were found in Somersetshire on the 3rd of May and in Cheshire on the 5th; on the 4th eggs were found in Hertfordshire and the species was reported to be nesting in Berkshire, Essex and Stafford- shire. Hggs were also found in Cambridgeshire on the 6th, in Hampshire on the 10th, in Gloucestershire on the 14th, in Shropshire and Lancashire on the 15th, in Surrey and Yorkshire on the 17th, and in Derbyshire on the 18th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDs. March 25th. Devon. i 26th. Kent. April’ 8th. Devon. 9th. Yorkshire. ny 10th. Hants. 53 13th. Somerset, Leicester. 14th. Monmouth. 16th. Staffordshire, Cheshire. 17th. Hants (slight increase). Norfolk. 18th. Devon (slight increase). Kent, Notts. 19th. Somerset (increase). Gloucester. 20th. Sussex, Wilts, Surrey, Northampton, Isle of Man. ee 99 », d0th/May Ist. May 21st. 22nd. Pace 24th. 24th/25th. Zot: 26th. PTS Oe 27th/28th. 28th. 28th/29th. 29th. 29th/30th. 30th. lists 59 Staffordshire (increase). Carnarvon. Monmouth (increase). Berks, Bedford, Cambridge, Derby. | Hssex, Herts, Shropshire, Cumberland. Essex, Herts, Somerset and Leicester (in- crease). Cambridge and Notts (slight increase). Glamorgan, Warwick, Suffolk, Lincoln, Flint, Northumberland. Channel Islands and Hants lights. Devon (nesting). Worcester. Surrey (increase). Berks and Cheshire (slight increase). Oxford, Bucks. Lancashire. Channel Islands and Hants lights. - Hants, Glamorgan, Cambridge, Shropshire, Lincoln and Cumberland (increase). Dorset. Cornwall light. Worcester and Warwick (increase). Suffolk (slight increase). Middlesex, Brecon, Merioneth. Channel Islands, Carnarvon and Norfolk lights. Hants, Essex, Monmouth, Worcester and Norfolk (nerease). Carmarthen, Ren- frew. Carnarvon and Norfolk lights. Wilts, Gloucester, Warwick, Cheshire, Lincoln and Yorkshire (increase). Den- bigh. Hants, Somerset, Essex, Shropshire, Cheshire and Lancashire (increase). Northumberland (slight increase). Mull of Galloway (passing). Wilts, Berks, Essex and Leicester (in- crease). Somerset (nest ready). Isle of Wight. 99 9° Ath. 4th/5th. 5th. dth/6th. 6th. 6th/7th. 7th/8th. 8th/9th. 9th. 9th/1Oth. 10th. 10th/11th. ilihda, 11th/12th. 12th. 12th/13th. 12th to 14th. 13th. 13th/14th. 14th. 14th/15th 15th. 16th. 17th. 18th. 19th/20th. 60 Herts, Warwick and Norfolk (increase). Mull of Galloway (passing). Herts (nest with eggs). Berks, Hssex and Staffordshire (nesting). Ayr. Channel Islands and Hants lights. Devon light, Kent, Berks, Wilts and York- shire (increase). Bucks (slight in- crease). Mull of Galloway (passing). Cheshire (nest ready). Hants and Carnarvon lights. Merioneth (increase). Cambridge (nest with eggs). Channel Islands light. Channel Islands and Carnarvon lights. Channel Islands light. Dorset (increase). Channel Islands light. Devon and Glamorgan (increase). Hants (nest with eggs). Channel Islands light. Sussex and Northumberland (increase). Lincoln (building). Westmoreland. Channel Islands light. Yorkshire (increase). Worcester and Isle of Man (usual numbers). Sussex (nest). Channel Islands, Hants and Carnarvon lights. Somerset (increase). Warwick (nest ready). Channel Islands and Dublin lights. Gloucester (nest with eggs). Channel Islands lights. Shropshire and Lancashire (nests with _ eggs). | Radnor (building). Surrey and Yorkshire (nests with eggs). Derby (nest with eggs). Channel Islands light. Gal: THE LESSER WHITETHROAT. Sylvia curruca (L.). THe Lesser Whitethroat arrived along the south coast as far west as Devonshire, but chiefly on the eastern half. The first birds were recorded from Hampshire and Dorsetshire on the 8th and 10th of April, and these were followed by a few more between the 14th and 17th and by larger numbers about the 20th. All these birds appear to have landed between Hampshire and Devonshire and to have travelled through the western counties as far north as Cheshire, Shropshire, Derbyshire and the south of Yorkshire. The second immigration arrived to the east of Hampshire on the 22nd and 23rd of April and spread over the south- eastern counties as far north as Cambridgeshire. The third immigration landed along the whole of the south coast on the 25th and 27th, and its advent seems to have filled up a good many areas in the bird’s distribution, especially to the north on the eastern side of the country, Lincolnshire being reached on the 28th of April and Yorkshire and North- umberland on the Ist of May. The northward progress of some of these migrants was perhaps also shown by a record from a Suffolk light on the night of the 30th of April. The fourth immigration landed on the whole south coast on the Ist, 2nd and 3rd of May. A record from a Suffolk light on the night of the 3rd probably indicated a northward coastal migration of some of these arrivals, but beyond one or two records of increased numbers in Wales and some of the western counties, there was very little evidence of their progress. 62 LESSER WHITETHROAT. ——— ENGLAND am WALES Ma ; M= May. Dates without initial are in April g- Bay (wea) x (LE EAE Nas g®@- | s- OG G7 O = Th | 1 63 Lesser Whitethroats were reported to be building in Cheshire on the 2nd of May, nests were found in Essex on the 3rd and nests with eggs in Berkshire and Hertford- shire on the 4th, in Kent on the 6th, in Hampshire on the 10th, in Surrey and Cambridgeshire on the 11th, in Shrop- shire on the 13th, in Somersetshire on the 17th, in Stafford- shire on the 18th, in Derbyshire on the 19th, in Glamor- ganshire on the 20th and in Radnorshire on the 25th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. ENprl Sth. Hants. : 10th. Dorset. ss Iie. Monmouth. A: 14th. Somerset, Northampton, Merioneth. be 16th. Staffordshire. i efile Somerset (increase). Merioneth (slight increase). Carmarthen. 3 20th. Somerset (great influx). a3 21st. Somerset (decrease). Shropshire. A 22nd. Monmouth (increase). Kent, Herts, Leicester, Derby. “A 23rd. Sussex, Berks, Surrey, Essex, Cambridge, Yorkshire. 24th. Oxford, Cheshire. » 24th/25th. Hants light. 25th. Devon. 26th. Herts (increase). Warwick. 27th. Somerset, Essex and Shropshire (increase). Berks (slight increase). Wilts, Gla- morgan, Norfolk. 28th. Glamorgan and Herts (increase). Glouces- ter, Worcester, Lincoln. 29th. Cambridge (increase). Suffolk. 30th. Gloucester (increase). ,, 30th/May 1st. Suffolk light. May Ist. Hssex, Shropshire, Cheshire and Yorkshire (increase). Northumberland. May 1st/2nd. 2? par) 2nd. 3rd. drd/4th. Ath. 5th. 6th. 8th. 10th. ikl, 12th. Bila, 13th/14th. liimcine 18th. 19th. 20th. 22nd. 25th. 64 Suffolk light. Dorset and Essex (increase). Cheshire (building). Denbigh. Hants (increase). Dorset (decrease). Hissex (nests). Suffolk light. Somerset (increase). Berks and Herts (nests with eggs). Staffordshire (usual numbers). Kent (nest witb eggs). Westmoreland. Carmarthen (increase). Hants (nest with eggs). Surrey and Cambridge (nests with eggs). Worcester (increase). Shropshire (nest with eggs). Dublin light. Somerset (nest with eggs). Staffordshire (nest with eggs). Hssex (increase). Derby (nest with eggs). Glamorgan (nest with eggs). Hssex (decrease). Radnor (nest with eggs). THE BLACKCAP. Sylvia atricapilla (L.). Tue Blackeap arrived along the whole of the south coast, but in largest numbers on the western half, though the majority of the early stragglers seem to have landed to the east of Hampshire. Several individuals passed the winter in some of the southern counties and were recorded on various dates between the end of December and the beginning of February. Towards the end of the third week in March Blackcaps began to arrive in small numbers, and were recorded from a good many places south of a line through Somersetshire, Wiltshire, Berkshire and Suffolk during the following fortnight, the most marked accession to their numbers taking place on the 2nd and 8rd of April. They were first recorded from the lights in the Channel Islands and the Isle of Wight on the nights of the 9th and 10th of April, and the arrival of these immigrants seems to have extended the range of the species northwards as far as Cheshire, Lancashire and Derbyshire, and westwards into South Wales during the following week. A second immigration, unrecorded at the lights or in the immediate vicinity of the coast, seems to have arrived on the 19th and 20th of April and to have extended to the western Midlands on the one hand and the eastern counties on the other, as far north as Lincolnshire. The third immigration arrived in two sections ; the first landed chiefly to the east of Dorsetshire on the 25th of April, and the second chiefly to the west of Hampshire between the 28th of that month and the 2nd of May. This immigration 66 BLACKCAP. ee ENGLAND amp WALES English Miles. 10 20 30 AO 50 Geo jucal Miles. 10 «20 «30 «40S—C«SD. ay) M= Ma Dates without initial are in April 4 28> 30.ML| ily) cH) 3 67 contained the largest number of birds that had yet arrived and filled up many of the areas in the territory already occupied; the second portion furnished a large part of the breeding- birds of Wales and also caused a northward extension of the bird’s range to Yorkshire and Cumberland, which were reached by successive parties on the 3rd and 5th of May. Subsequently three further migrations arrived mainly from Hampshire westwards and were recorded on the 5th, 6th and 7th, on the 11th and on the 13th; some of the birds appear to have travelled north through the eastern counties to York- shire, but the larger proportion were unobserved, being lost amongst the numbers already present in the country. A nest with eges was found in Glamorganshire on the 26th of April. Blackeaps were reported to be nesting in Kent on the 28th of April and in Berkshire on the 4th of May, while nests with eggs were found in Kent on the 4th, in Devonshire on the 6th, in Hampshire and Hssex on the 7th, in Somersetshire, Suffolk and Lincolnshire on the 13th, in Worcestershire on the 14th and in Surrey on the 18th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. oMe2 Dec. 29th. Bucks (male captured). Gils, Jan. Ztlite Somerset (female seen). Feb. Ist. Devon (a pair). Mle, AO ida, Suffolk. es 21st. Kent. 3 23rd. Berks. ks Que Hants. e 31st. Somerset, Wilts. April 2nd. Devon, Berks. Be brd. Hants, Sussex, Somerset, Surrey. af Ath. Worcester. if 7th. Kent. a 8th. Bucks. », 8th/9th. Channel Islands and Hants lights. April 9th/10th. 9) May 13th. 14th. - 15th. 16th. 17th. 18th. 19th. 20th. 22nd. 23rd. 24th. 24th/25th. 25th. 26th. Dili 27th/28th. 28th. 29th. 29th/30th. 30th. Ist. 2nd, 3rd. Ath. Ath/5th. 68 Hants light. Norfolk, Lancashire. Dorset, Cheshire. Glamorgan. Lancashire (slight increase). Cambridge. Wilts, Suffolk, Derby. Somerset (increase). Bedford. Berks (slight increase). Gloucester, War- wick. Shropshire. Monmouth, Leicester. Suffolk (slight increase). Oxford, Lincoln. Hants light. Channel Islands light. Essex. Cambridge (slight increase). Glamorgan (nest with eggs). Cambridge (slight increase). Herts. Channel Islands and Hants lights. Devon, Wilts and Glamorgan (increase). Kent (nesting). Carmarthen. Glamorgan (increase). Middlesex. Channel Islands light. Devon (decrease). Glamorgan (increase). Devon and Shropshire (increase). Dorset, Hssex and Lincoln (slight inerease). Merioneth, Flint. Sussex (increase). Monmouth and Cheshire (slight increase). Northampton (several arrived), Leicester and Lincoln (slight increase). Herts (usual numbers). Yorkshire, Cumberland. ‘Surrey, Cheshire and Hssex (slight in- crease). Berks (building). Kent (nest with eggs). Hants light. May 3? ” oth. 5th/6th. 6th. 6th/7th. 7th. 8th. 10th. 10th/11th. 11th. 13th. 14th. 18th. 69 Yorkshire (increase). Merioneth (slight increase). Hants light. Hants (increase). Devon (nest with eggs). Channel Islands light. Hants and Essex (ede with eggs). Den- bigh. Jambridge (increase). Essex (increase). Channel Islands light. Berks (slight increase). Yorkshire (increase). Devon (fresh arrivals). Somerset, Suffolk and Lincoln (nests with eggs). Worcester (nest with eggs). Surrey (nest with eggs). THE GARDEN-WARBLER. Sylvia hortensis, Bechst. THE Garden-Warbler arrived along the whole of the south coast, but first and in largest numbers on the eastern half. Harly arrivals were recorded from Kent on the 25th of March and the Isle of Wight on the 6th of April, and others from as far north as Derbyshire up to the 20th. The first immigration arrived at both the eastern and western ends of the south coast on the 21st of April, and was followed by two others, which were recorded at both the Channel Islands and Isle of Wight lights on the 25th and 28th. These three movements seem to have been small numerically, though their area of arrival was extensive. Their progress through the country could hardly be traced, but, after their advent, the species was thinly distributed throughout the greater part of its normal breeding-area. On the nights of the 7th, 8th, 11th, 12th and 20th of May, Garden-Warblers occurred at the Caskets light (on the 8th in large numbers), but beyond immigrations into Sussex on the 12th and into Hampshire on the 13th there was little evidence to show that any of these birds reached our shores. Increases were noted in one or two counties, and some areas appear to have been filled up in the west and north, but the records do not afford any further information. The arrivals in Sussex and Hampshire on the 12th and 13th of May seem to have settled mainly in the eastern counties. Nests were found in Somersetshire, Essex and Radnor- shire on the 4th, 7th and 16th of May respectively, one with a single egg was found in Middlesex on the 7th and full clutches in Sussex on the 11th, in Surrey on the 16th, in ——— ss 71 Kent on the 23rd, in Cheshire on the 26th, on which day a pair were reported as building in Renfrewshire. April ) 99 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. Mareh 25th. 6th. 16th. I fas oe 19th. 20th. 21st. 23rd. 24th. 24th/2dth. 25th. 27th. 27th/28th. 28th. 29th. 30th. 2nd. 3rd. Ath. Sth. 6th. 6th/7th. 7th. 7th/8th. 8th. 9th. 10th/11th. 11th. 11th/12th. 12th. Kent. Isle of Wight. Hants. Devon. Somerset, Suffolk. Derby. Devon (increase). Sussex, Denbigh. Berks, Worcester, Cheshire, Yorkshire. Surrey, Cambridge, Leicester. Channel Islands and Hants lights. Dorset, Northumberland. Essex. Channel Islands and Hants lights. Somerset (increase). Kent, Shropshire. Lincoln. Shropshire (increase). Merioneth, Cumberland. Yorkshire (increase). Somerset (nest). Shropshire (increase). Cornwall (usual numbers). Channel Islands light. Middlesex (nest with egg). Hssex (nest). Westmoreland. Channel Islands light. Cambridge (slight increase). Warwick. Radnor (increase). Channel Islands light. Sussex (nest with. eggs). Monmouth, Staffordshire. Channel Islands light. Sussex, Warwick and Westmoreland (slight increase), May 12th/13th. 13th. iLSway 16th. 19th/20th. 23rd. 25th. 26th. 72 Hants light. Herts (increase). Gloucester. Lincoln (increase). Surrey (nest with eggs). Radnor (nest). Channel Islands light. Kent (nest with eggs). Westmoreland (nest). Cheshire (nest with eggs). Renfrew (building). THE GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER. Locustella nevia (Bodd.). Owne to the scanty nature of the records it was very diffi- cult to ascertain definitely on what portion of the coast this Species arrived or to trace its movements inland, but it appears to have landed in greatest numbers, if not entirely, to the west of Sussex. Its advent was first recorded in Surrey on the 11th of April. From that date reports of stragglers were received from various counties in England and Wales, as far north as Shropshire and Northamptonshire, until the 23rd. On the nights of the 24th and 27th Grasshopper-Warblers occurred at St. Catherine’s and the Caskets lights respectively. On the 28th an increase was noted in Yorkshire, and two days later in Cambridgeshire, while reports from other localities and an extension of range into Cumberland and Scotland indicated rather indefinitely the progress of these migrants through the country. The records from lights off the Car- narvonshire and Yorkshire coasts, both at this period and later, probably indicated a passage along the west and east coasts to breeding-grounds farther north. Grasshopper- Warblers again occurred at the Caskets light on the nights of the 5th and 7th of May, and though from one or two records migration through the country seems to have con- tinued, there was little-evidence to show when and where any of these birds reached our shores. The usual numbers were reported from Worcestershire on the 12th of May, a nest with eggs was found in Glamorganshire on the 21st, and a pair were building in Surrey on the 25th. EF 74 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 11th. Surrey. a 16th. Somerset, Northampton. - 21st. Devon, Norfolk. e 22nd. Hants, Yorkshire. ae 23rd. Glamorgan, Radnor, Shropshire. » 24th/25th. Hants light. » 27th/28th. Channel Islands light. + 28th. Yorkshire (increase). Berks, Cambridge, Jarmarthen. “ 29th. Worcester. » 29th/30th. Carnarvon light. 30th. Cambridge (slight increase). Cumberland. » 30th/May Ist. Carnarvon and Yorkshire lights. May Ist. Dorset, Mull of Galloway. ' 4th, Cheshire. » 4th/S5th. Channel Islands light. » Odth/6th. Carnarvon light. » 6th/7th. Channel Islands light. “ Sth. Cambridge (shght increase). Kent. ee 12th. Worcester (usual numbers). Ke 17th. Isle of Man. > 21st. Glamorgan (nest with eggs). a 23rd, Denbigh. * 25th. Surrey (building). THE CHIFFCHAFF. Phylloscopus rufus (Bechst.). Tue Chiffchaff arrived along the whole of the south coast, but mainly on the western half. A number appear to have spent the winter in these islands and were recorded from widely separated localities in January, Vebruary, and the early part of March. Some early migrants may have arrived during the first ten days of March, but owing to the presence of the winter-residents referred to it was not possible to be certain. Chiffchaffs, however, occurred at the lights in the Channel Islands and the Isle of Wight on the night of the 12th, and it is there- fore safer to date the commencement of the spring-migration from these certain records. The first immigration seems to have been confined to the western half of the south coast and to have lasted from the 13th to the 1th: it was followed by a supplementary eastern invasion on the 19th. The birds comprising these two movements seem to have scattered over the southern half of the country, from Suffolk in the sast to Pembrokeshire in the west. After the 19th of March a series of small immigrations arrived at intervals of a day or two, viz., on the 22nd, 25th and 28th, at different points on the south coast between Devon- shire and Sussex. These were followed by a more extensive movement on the 30th, when considerable numbers arrived on the whole length of that coast. Small immigrations took place at various points during the next seven days, but the advance northwards seems to have been rather slow, mainly perhaps because the number of birds in the country was small. It was not until the arrival of the large migration EZ 76 CHIFFCHAFF. eer ENGLAND || OU on the 30th that the birds reached the Midlands in any numbers, while Wales, except in the extreme south, was still sparsely populated, and only a few odd birds had pene- trated as far north as Lincolnshire on the eastern side. The birds that arrived during the first six days of April seem to have settled mainly in the territory already occu- pied, though by the 9th they had ranged on the western side as far as Westmoreland. On the 9th and 10th two small immigrations landed in Hampshire, but their presence was not very evident from the records. A movement of larger dimensions arrived on the western half of the south coast on the 14th, and evidently included a considerable part of the breeding-birds of Hast Anglia, Lincolnshire, and York- shire, while it caused an extension of the bird’s range into Cumberland, the Isle of Man and the west of Scotland. A series of arrivals between Dorsetshire and Sussex fol- lowed almost daily, from the 18th to the 22nd of April. These seem to have contained the greater proportion of the breeding-birds for northern and western Wales, Lancashire, Cumberland and Northumberland, but the more eastern arrivals could hardly be traced for any distance into the country. With the advent of these birds most of our breeding-stock seems to have arrived, but migrants continued to be recorded at the lights in the Channel Islands and the Isle of Wight, as well as here and there in the southern coastal counties until the 8th of May. The numbers, however, seem to have been small, and their progress through the country could not be traced. Chiffchaffs were building in Hampshire on the 24th of April, in Kent on the 27th, and in Glamorganshire and Middlesex on the 28th. A nest was found in Suffolk on the 1st of May and in Carmarthenshire on the 4th, while nests with eggs were found in Somersetshire on the 23rd of April, in Gloucestershire on the 9th of May, in Sussex on the 10th, in Glamorganshire on the 17th, in Surrey on the 18th and in Staffordshire on the 19th. 99 78 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. 2 the 12th/13th. eaten 15th. 16th. 17th. 18th. 19th. 20th. 21st. 22nd. 23rd. 24th. 25th. 26th. 27th. 25th 29th. Scilly Isles (one or two heard). Co. Cork (one caught). Devon. Herts. Carnarvon (one heard on and off till mid- March). Isle of Wight. Hants. Cornwall, Cumberland. Surrey. Cornwall. Dorset. Kent. Channel Islands and Hants lights. Devon, Hants, Somerset, Oxford, Bed- - ford. Scilly Isles. Herts, Yorkshire. Gloucester. Berks, Pembroke. Sussex, Hssex, Suffolk. Surrey (increase). Shropshire, Leicester. Wilts, Staffordshire. Isle of Wight. Bedford Gnerease). Somerset (slight in- crease). Bucks, Monmouth, Carnarvon. Carmarthen, Glamorgan, Warwick, Cheshire. Hants (slight increase). Middlesex, Wor- cester, Derby. Surrey (great increase). Cambridge. Lincoln light. Denbigh, Lancashire. Berks (increase). Herts (increase). Wilts (slight increase). Flint. Mareh 30th. 99 99 April 9) 99 30th/31st. Splice iste 2nd, HIRO. Ath. Hien. 6th. oul 9th. 9th/10th. 10th. 11th. 12th. ibe 13th/L4th. 14th. 15th. 16th. ILyAdoe 18th. 19th. 79 Devon, Sussex, Kent, Somerset, Gloucester, Worcester and Laneashire (increase). Jornwall, Hants, Essex and Glamorgan (slight increase), Hants light. Somerset and Monmouth (increase). Shropshire (slight increase). Lincoln, Anglesey. Kent (increase). Hssex and Gloucester (increase). Lan- eashire (decrease). Norfolk. Berks and Worcester (increase). Devon and Bedford (increase). Wilts (slight increase), Dorset, Essex and Denbigh (increase). Northampton. Glamorgan and Shropshire (increase), Oxford (decrease). Hants (slight increase). Westmoreland, Hants light. Shropshire (increase), Merioneth. Bedford (increase). Middlesex (increase). Lancashire (slight increase). Channel Islands and Hants lights. Devon, Hants, Berks, Carmarthen, Wor- cester and Shropshire (increase), Somerset (building). Gloucester (increase). Cheshire (slight increase), Brecon. Norfolk (increase). Cambridge and Flint (increase). Isle of Man, Cumberland. Hants, Herts and Shropshire (increase). Herts, Lincoln and Yorkshire (increase), Warwick (slight increase), Hants (des crease), Ayr. 20th. Daliste 22nd. Zande 24th. 24th/25th. Dots 27th. 27th/28th. 28th. 30th. Ist. 2nd. 3rd. Ath. 4th/Sth & 7th/8th. 8th. 9th. 10th. leit ioe 18th. L9th. 80 Dorset, Sussex, Berks and Herts (increase). Leicester and Isle of Man (slight in- crease). Northumberland. Berks and Staffordshire (increase). Middlesex, Berks, Carmarthen and Car- narvon (increase). Lancashire (slight increase). Worcester (usual numbers). Leicester (increase). Somerset (nest with. eggs). } Cambridge, Denbigh, Cumberland and Northumberland (increase). Hants (building). Hants light. Hants (increase). Yorkshire (increase). Kent (building). Channel Islands light. Devon and Derby (increase). Glamorgan and Middlesex (nesting). Northumberland (increase). Suffolk (nest). Somerset (increase). Somerset (decrease) - Carmarthen (nest ready). \ Channel Islands light. Cambridge (increase). Isle of Wight (slight increase). Gloucester (nest with eggs). Hssex (nest with eggs). Glamorgan (nest with eggs). Surrey (nest with eggs). Somerset (increase). Staffordshire (nest with eggs). on THE WILLOW-WARBLER. Phylloscopus trochilus (L.). Tue Willow-Warbler arrived along the whole of the south coast, but chiefly on the western half. A single bird was reported as having been seen in Ports- mouth, Hampshire, at the end of January, but the first record of the arrival of migrants came from the Scilly Isles, where one or two passing birds were seen on the 9th of March. Between that date and the 30th stragglers were evidently arriving, particularly during the last six or seven days, and were reported from widely separated localities, chiefly in the western half of the kingdom, as far north as Cheshire and Nottinghamshire. The first immigra- tion occurred on the night of the 30th of March and was followed by others between the 2nd and 5th of April. All of these seem to have been small, but together must have contained a considerable number of birds, for the species rapidly became distributed over a large portion of the country, as far north as Lincolnshire on the east and Lancashire on the west side. The second immigration, which also seems for the most part to have included small numbers, took place on the nights of the 8th, 9th and 10th of April at the lights in the Channel Islands and off our south coast, but was hardly noticed inland, though northward-bound migrants were observed on the two last-named nights at one of our west coast lights. The third movement, which was of larger dimensions, landed along the whole of the south coast between the 12th and 17th of April, being recorded at the same southern lights . on the nights of the 13th and 14th. The larger proportion 82 WILLOW-WARBLER. Oo 1 ENGLAND asp WALES English Miles. Mch.= March Dates without initial are ta April 83 of the birds seem to have travelled through the western counties of England as far north as Cheshire, while a few stragglers reached Wales, Cumberland and the Clyde area. The fourth immigration, by far the largest and most protracted of the movements of the Willow-Warbler, com- menced on the 20th of April, and thereafter birds continued to arrive daily in greater or lesser numbers along the whole of the south coast up to the 29th. They were recorded in large numbers at the Channel Islands or other south coast lights on the nights of the 20th, 25th, 27th and 28th, and from the first day of this extensive movement the whole country seems to have been invaded by Willow- Warblers. Their passage northwards and westwards, which had hitherto been somewhat slow, at once became accelerated; Wales began to fill up at once, and by the 22nd and 23rd considerable numbers had spread to the northernmost counties of England and to the south-west of Scotland. About the same time the breeding-birds of East Anglia began to settle down, and by the 24th and 25th a good proportion of the summer-residents in Lincolnshire, Yorkshire and Northumberland had arrived, though these were considerably augmented towards the end of the move- ment. It is probable that a considerable proportion of the birds comprised in the later parts of this movement were passage-migrants for Scotland and still more northern breeding-haunts beyond our shores. Their progress was indicated by the succeeding records from light-stations on both our east and west coasts. By the beginning of May, the greater proportion of our breeding-birds had probably arrived, and the movements of further immigrants became hard to trace. Considerable numbers, however, were certainly arriving almost continuously between the 5th and 11th, and were recorded nearly every night at the Channel Islands, while large numbers occurred as passage-migrants at lights off our east and west coasts on the nights of the 5th and 6th. Several were taken on fishing-boats in the North Sea and brought into Lowestoft on the 15th and 19th, and three late 84 stragglers were taken on the Morecambe Bay light-vessel, off Lancashire, on the night of the 26th. Willow-Warblers were reported as already building in Staffordshire by the 21st of April, in Middlesex on the 28th, in Cheshire on the 30th, in Suffolk and Shropshire on the 1st of May, in Glamorganshire and Norfolk on the 3rd and in Lincolnshire and Cumberland on the 4th. Nests with eggs were found in Hampshire on the 6th, in Devonshire and Surrey on the 10th, in Sussex, Kent, Cambridgeshire and Derbyshire on the 11th, in Dorsetshire and Radnorshire on the 18th, in Somersetshire on the 19th and in Westmoreland on the 2Ist, while a nest with young birds was found in Cheshire on the 9th. Single examples of the Northern Willow- Warbler (PA. t. eversmanni) were taken at Bardsey light (Carnarvonshire) on the 10th/11th of April, at St. Catherine’s light (Hamp- shire) on the 27th/28th and at the Caskets light (Channel Islands) on the 6th/7th and 9th/10th of May, while one was seen on the Mull of Galloway on the 3rd and six or eight on the following day. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. Jane oy 2th Hants (one seen). Meche 9th Scilly Isles (passing). i 16th. Worcester. a 19th. Hants. 21st. Staffordshire. i 23rd. Cornwall. a 24th. Northampton. 7m Zane Kent, Carmarthen. se 26th. Somerset (passing). Leicester. 28th. Devon, Notts. 29th. Hants, Cheshire. 30th. Worcester. 30th/31st. Hants light. March 31st. April 29 29 99 99 99 99 bP) Ist. 2nd. 3rd. drd/4th. Ath. 5th. 6th. uli 8th/9th. 9th. 9th/10th. 10th. 10th/11th. Wbslo, 12th. 13th. 13th/14th. 14th. 85 Sussex, Surrey, Berks, Somerset, Derby. Surrey (slight increase). Hants, Brecon, Leicester. Kent (increase). Hssex. Hants, Sussex, Monmouth, Carnarvon. Carnarvon light. Somerset (increase). Surrey (increase). Isle of Wight, Dorset, Worcester, Norfolk, Lincoln, Lanca- shire. Northampton (increase). Bucks, Pembroke, Shropshire, Flint, Cheshire. Somerset (decrease). Channel Islands light. Wilts. Channel Islands, Hants, Sussex and Car- narvon lights. Suffolk, Notts. Channel Islands and Carnarvon lights. Lancashire (increase). Cornwall, Middlesex, Northumberland. Berks (slight increase). Herts. Channel Islands, Hants and Suffolk hgits. Berks, Somerset and Worcester (increase). Kent (slight increase). Gloucester. 14th/15th. Channel Islands light. Haile 16th. las Isle of Wight, Hants, Shropshire and Cheshire (increase). Glamorgan, Ren- frew. . Cheshire (increase). Cambridge, Warwick. Devon and Cheshire (increase). Norfolk -and Staffordshire (slight increase). Cumberland, Ayr. Somerset and Shropshire (increase). Merioneth. Glamorgan, Warwick and Shropshire increase). Bedford, Denbigh. ; g April 20th. 99 3) bp) oe) 29 3) 99 20th/21st. 21st. 22nd. 99nd & 23rd. 23rd. 24th. 24th/25th. 25th. 26th. 27th. 27th/28th. 28th. 86 Devon, Dorset, Sussex, Somerset, Surrey, Hssex, Pembroke, Gloucester, Middlesex, Herts, Warwick, Shropshire, Stafford- shire, Leicester, Denbigh, Flint, Lincoln and Lancashire (increase). Kent (slight increase). Oxford, Radnor, Isle of Man, Westmoreland. Channel Islands light. Devon, Hants, Essex, Monmouth, Flint and Carnarvon (increase). Sussex and Lincoln (decrease). Staffordshire (usual numbers), (building). Devon, Dorset, Kent, Berks, Carmarthen, Herts, Norfolk, Denbigh, Flint and Renfrew (increase). Somerset (usual numbers). Sussex, Oxford, Worcester, Radnor, Shrop- shire, Lancashire, Yorkshire, Cumber- land and Westmoreland (increase). Wilts, Bucks, Cambridge, Leicester and Cheshire (increase). Dorset (decrease). Dorset, Hants, Wilts, Cheshire, Lincoln, Yorkshire, Cumberland, Northumber- land and Renfrew (increase). Gloucester, Suffolk and Derby (slight increase). Kent (decrease). Worcester and Flint (usual numbers). Channel Islands, Hants and Carnarvon lights. Middlesex, Warwick, Cumberland, North- umberland and Renfrew (increase). Gloucester (slight decrease). Hants, Kent and Herts (increase). Herts (decrease). Channel Islands and Hants lights. Devon, Gloucester, Carnarvon, Lincoln, Yorkshire and Northumberland (in- crease). Middlesex (nesting). 87 April 28th/29th. Channel Islands and Cornwall lights. 99 99 29 », 20th/May Ist. May ? 29th. 29th/30th. 30th. Ist. 3rd. 3rd/4th. Ath. Ath/5th. Pytilale 5th/6th. 6th. 6th/7th. Lincoln (increase). Wilts (usual numbers). Carnarvon and Norfolk lights. Merioneth and Renfrew _ (increase). Cheshire (building). Carnarvon and Anglesey lights. Gloucester (increase). Mull of Galloway (many passing). Suffolk and Shrop- shire (nesting). Herts (slight increase). Berks (decrease). Mull of Galloway (many passing). Glamorgan and Norfolk (building). Suffolk light. Hssex (increase). Lincoln and Cumber- land (building). Essex (nest ready). Channel Islands and Yorkshire lights. Devon light. Derby (increase). Mull of Galloway (many passing). Hants, Carnarvon and Anglesey lights. Hants (nest with eggs). Northumberland (nesting). Tth/8th. : Channel Islands light. 8th/9th. 9th. 9th/10th. 10th. 10th to 12th. 11th. che 13th. 18th. 19th. Alls ie 26th/27th. Cheshire (nest with young). Flint (nesting). Channel Islands light. Devon and Surrey (nest with eggs). Berks (increase). Sussex, Kent, Cambridge and Derby (nests with eggs). Yorkshire (nest). Isle of Man (usual numbers). Lancashire (building). Warwick (nest). Renfrew (building). Dorset and Radnor (nests with eggs). Somerset (nest with eggs). Westmoreland (nest with eggs). Lancashire light. THE WOOD-WARBLER. Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Bechst.). THE records were too meagre to indicate with any certainty the points of arrival of this species, but on the whole it seems to have landed chiefly on the western half of the south coast. Tt was first reported in Devonshire on the 9th of April, and an increase in that county on the 15th indicated that the earlier immigrants at any rate probably entered the country at the western end of the south coast. During the latter half of April the species seems to bave gradually spread, in small numbers, principally over the western half of the country, reaching Cumberland on the 22nd and North- umberland on the 28th. Arrivals in larger numbers com- menced on the 27th and continued during the two following days, further immigrations taking place on the 2nd and 3rd and on the 11th of May. Little could be learned of the route followed by these birds after their arrival, but it was clear that the great majority were destined for breeding- haunts in the west of England, Wales and our northern counties generally. Nests with eggs were found in Surrey on the 16th of May, in Somersetshire on the 17th, in Middlesex on the 18th and in Radnorshire on the 21st. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. ANjorell Sdn. Devon. 13th. Surrey. 15th. Devon (increase). 17th. 18th. 19th. 20th. 22nd. 24th. 26th. 27th. 27th/28th. 28th. 28th/29th. 29th. 30th. 2nd. PECL Ath. 6th. Sth. 9th. 10th. latch: 12th. 16th. 17th. 18th. 19th. 21st. 22nd. 24th. 89 Somerset, Berks. Hants. Yorkshire. Gloucester, Brecon. Derby, Cumberland. Staffordshire. Wilts, Cambridge. Surrey (increase). Yorkshire (passing). Sussex, Hssex, Carmarthen, Westmore- land. Hants light. Northumberland. Channel Islands light. Berks (increase). Glamorgan, Suffolk, Worcester, Radnor, Shropshire. Merioneth, Denbigh, Cheshire. Hants (slight increase). Yorkshire (increase). Dorset, Lincoln. Yorkshire (increase). Lancashire. Radnor (increase). Herts, Warwick. Denbigh (increase). Merioneth and Shrop- shire (slight increase). Cheshire (increase). Northumberland (slight increase). Hants, Glamorgan and Denbigh (increase). Cumberland (slight increase). Worcester (usual numbers). Ayr. Surrey (nest with eggs). Shropshire (increase). Somerset (nest with eggs). Middlesex (nest with eggs). Monmouth. Westmoreland (increase). Radnor (eggs). Northumberland (increase). Staffordshire (increase). G GO THE REED-WARBLER. . Acrocephalus streperus (Vieill.). Very little can be gathered from the records relating to this species, but it seems to have landed on the south and south- east coasts between Hampshire and Hssex. Its arrival was first reported from Hampshire on the 18th of April and from Kent on the 21st. A few birds had reached Yorkshire by the 23rd, while an increase in that county on the 27th, together with a few records from new localities on the same date, point to an influx of migrants about that time. A single bird was taken at the Caskets light on the Qnd/3rd of May, and on the 3rd and 4th a large arrival evidently took place on the eastern coast, but beyond that, very little information could be gathered from the records, which evidently, for the most part, represented special visits to the bird’s particular haunts. A nest was foundin Cheshire on the 4th of May, one in Norfolk on the 22nd aud nests with eggs in Kent and Suffolk on the 2oth. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 168th. Hants. “a 21st. Kent, Shropshire. 23rd. Yorkshire. 25th. Bedtord. 26th. Somerset, Surrey, Cheshire. ye AA Yorkshire (increase). Herts, Cumbridge. . 29th. Suffolk. May 2nd/3rd. Channel Islands light. drd. Essex. Ath. aula Sth. 10th. iL belo. 16th. 17th. 22nd. 25th. Ss} Suffolk (many). Cheshire (nest). Isle of Wight. Lincoln. Cambridge (increase). Warwick. Staffordshire. Norfolk. Cornwall, Berks. Norfolk (increase), (nest ready). Kent and Suffolk (nests with eggs). SEDGE-WARBLER. 50 NGILAN D ann WALES Engush Miles. Boe nical Miles, z, ao M= May Dates without initial are in April 93 THE SEDGE-WARBLER. Acrocephalus phragmitis (Bechst.), By reason of the somewhat local distribution of this species, the records of its arrival and dispersal are neither very full nor possibly very reliable. Jt undoubtedly arrived at points along the whele of the south coast, but perhaps in greatest numbers on the eastern half. The first few records were from Hampshire between the 7th and 11th of April, otherwise the majority of the earlier ones came from the south-eastern counties, It is difficult to say when and where the birds landed, but by the 24th a number had evidently come in and were thinly distributed over a wide area extending as far north as Norfolk, Cam-' bridgeshire, Staffordshire and Cheshire, while stragglers had reached Cumberland in the north and Carmarthenshire in the west. On the night of the 24th migrants also oecurred at Spurn Head light evidently on their way north, The first immigration of which we have any exact know- ledge occurred on the last-named night and was recorded from the Channel Islands and Isle of Wight lights, where Sedge-Warblers were seen in large numbers. They were first recorded from Sussex and Kent on the two following days and increased numbers were noticed in Surrey and Wiltshire. Large numbers again occurred at these two lights on the night of the 28th and a few at the Caskets on the night of the 30th, while further arrivals were recorded in Kent on the 28th. With the advent of these migrants a good many places in the area already occupied were filled up. Lincolnshire and Yorkshire were reached on the eastern side, and on the west the birds penetrated into North Wales and ranged into Cumberland and beyond the Solway Firth, the 94 progress of some of these western migrants being indicated by the records from Bardsey light and from the Mull of Galloway. A second immigration landed along the whole of the south coast on the 2nd and 3rd of May, but the records from inland localities did not permit of its progress being traced, though there were sufficient indications to show that a proportion of these birds travelled north along the east and west coasts. No further immigrations were actually recorded on the south coast, with the exception of a rather doubtful one on the 10th of May. The passage past the Caskets light, however, started afresh on the night of the 4th, and Sedge-Warblers occurred there in enormous numbers every night up to the 11th and in decreasing numbers on the three following nights. We have no evidence that any of these birds reached our shores, but on several nights considerable numbers were evidently passing northwards up both sides of the Irish Sea to more northern summer-haunts. Small numbers were again seen at this light on the night of the 19th, and a single bird was taken there on the following night. Sedge- Warblers were building in Cheshire on the Ist of May and a nest was found in Hssex on the 7th, while nests with eggs were reported from Wiltshire on the 5th, from Radnorshire and Derbyshire on the 24th and from Kent on the 25th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. Borate antais Hants (passing). Re 11th. Hants. os 15th. Suffolk. Ps WG to, Norfolk. a 18th. Norfolk (decrease). Wilts. os 19th. Somerset. ee 20th. Berks, Cambridge, Shropshire. 2 ist. Yorkshire. Evanile 22nd. 9 39 99 39 99 ,30th/May Ist. May 23rd. 24th. , 24th/25th. Doub 26th. 27th. 27th/28th. 28th, 29th, 29th/30th. 30th. Ist. 1st/2nd. 2nd. 3rd. Ath. 4th/5th. eye 5th/6th. 6th. 6th/7th. 7th. 95 Norfolk (inerease). Devon, Semerset, Hssex, Carmarthen. | Cornwall, Surrey, Glamorgan, Cheshire. Somerset (increase). Oxford, Stafford- shire, Cumberland. Channel Islands, Hants and Yorkshire lights. Cheshire (increase). Sussex, Gloucester, Bedford. Wilts (increase). Surrey (slight increase). Kent, Herts. Dorset, Bucks. Channel Islands and Hants lights. Kent and Cumberland (increase). Car- narvon. Suffolk (nereace). Yorkshire (slight increase). Middlesex, Merioneth, Lincoln. Channel Islands and Carnarvon lights, Cambridge (inerease). Derby, Renfrew. Carnarvon light, Yorkshire (increase). Cheshire (nesting). Worcester, Mull of Galloway. Suffolk light. Hants (increase), Cornwall (slight in- crease), Lancashire, Ayr. Essex and Herts (increase). Devon (slight increase), Suffolk and Mull of Galloway (increase). Isle of Man. | Channel Islands light. Mull of Galloway (increase). Wilts (nest with eggs). Carnarvon light. Derby CGncrease), Northumberland. Channel Islands light, Hssex (nest). 96 May 7th/8th. oy oluiay) Shim. | Channel Islands light. jp Saloy/ WO slan, bs 10th. Yorkshire (increase). Isle of Wight, Warwick. : To } Channel Islands light. x 12th. Lancashire (increase). Worcester (usual numbers). », 12th/13th. Channel Islands and Carnarvon lights. », idth/14th. Channel Islands and Dublin lights. » L4th/15th. , L9th/ 20th: | Chant Islands light. , 20th/2I1st. 55 24th. Radnor and Derby (nests with eggs). is 25th. Kent (nest with eggs). Be) THE WHITE WAGTAIL. Motacilla alba, Lu. Tue records cf the passage of this species are very scanty and disconnected. It seems to have landed along the whole of the south coast, but the vast majority evidently arrived on the western portion. From that part of the kingdom most of the reports were received, the first recording the passage of birds in Devonshire on the 17th of March. No very marked immigration appears to have been noted till the 23rd of April, when reports from the counties of Carnarvon- shire, Flint, Cheshire and Lancashire show that a more or less steady stream of migration was in progress from that date until about the 4th of May, when the movement apparently came to an end, CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS, Mareh 17th. Devon (passing). a Dist, Gloucester. es 24th. Carnarvon. BS 25th. Cornwall. . 27th. Brecon. April ILS Leicester. - 2nd. Leicester. , 4th & 5th. Devon. - 6th. Devon, Herts 10th. Suffolk, Northumberland. ule Devon. 13th. Surrey, Leicester, Cheshire, 13th/14th. Channel Islands light. 16th. Devon, Carnaryon, 9 39 April 17th. Je) by) 9? 39 May 18th. 22nd. 23rd. 24th. 25th. 26th. 28th. 29th to May Ist. 2nd. 3rd. Ath. 7th. 13th. 16th. 98 Ayr. Laneashire. Devon, Carnarvon. Carnarvon (increase). Lancashire (de- crease). Denbigh. Carnarvon (increase). Flint (passing). Somerset, Mayo. Carnarvon (decrease). Cornwall. Cheshire (slight increase). Merioneth. Mayo (a small party). Ist. Carnarvon (a few each day). Lancashire (passing). Carnarvon (decrease). Mull of Galloway. Carnarvon (increase). Cheshire (slight increase). Leicester. Carnarvon (inerease). Herts, Brecon. Mull of Galloway. Flint. Westmoreland. 99 THE YELLOW WAGTAIL. Motacilla rai (Bonap.). THe Yellow Wagtail seems to have arrived along the south coast, as far west as Devonshire, but the largest numbers were reported on the eastern half. Harly stragglers were recorded from the south-eastern counties between the 20th of March and the 6th of April, and from other counties, farther north and west, up to the middle of the month. A passing flock was seen in Somerset- shire on the 12th, which had presumably arrived about that date, but the first marked immigration seems to have landed on the greater part of the south coast between the 16th and 21st. A large number of these birds appear to have passed through the western Midlands to southern Wales and York- shire, while stragglers reached the south-west of Scotland on the 22nd and 23rd. There is no evidence that those on the eastern side travelled farther north than Suffolk. A second immigration arrived, mainly on the eastern por- tion of the south coast, between the 22nd and 26th of April, and were noted at the Channel Islands on the 25th. This movement included a large proportion of the breeding-birds of the eastern counties as far north as Yorkshire. Further immigrations seem to have occurred at the end of April and during the first few days of May, but their course through the country was not indicated clearly by the records. Yellow Wagtails were reported io be nesting in Cheshire and Cumberland on the 7th of May, a nest was found in Yorkshire on the 11th, and others with eggs in Suffolk on the 14th, in Somersetshire on the 15th and in Kent on the 16th. 100 NERO WeaGa Ail: = ik IGLAN FP 4 nsh. Miles. Engl 10 20 30 40 SO Geographical Miles 10 2% «30«40.~=«*S 4 Darn Dates without initial are = Ma M | | in April L a ~ E ete i 3 —— SSS SS | Sinilt coca March April 101 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. 29th. 3rd. Sel. 6th. Sth. 9th. 11th. 2th: 13th. 14th. 15th. 16th. 17th. 18th. 19th. 20th. 21st. 22nd. UB ie. 24th. 25th. 26th. 27th. Essex. Kent. Herts. Cheshire. Hants. Somerset. Norfolk, Notts. Somerset (passing flock). Herts, Leicester. Suffolk, Derby, Lincoln. Cambridge, Cheshire (increase). Wilts, Staffordshire, Derby. Sussex, Bedford, Lancashire, Yorkshire. Somerset (increase). Glamorgan, Shrop- shire. Somerset and Yorkshire (increase). Derby (slight increase). Oxford. Sussex and Herts (slight increase). Surrey, Gloucester. Kent and Cheshire (increase). Somerset (decrease). Shropshire (passing). Berks, Monmouth. Suffolk Gnerease). Gloucester (decrease). Dorset, Ayr. Kent and Staffordshire (increase). Ren- frew. Kent, Staffordshire and Lancashire (in- crease). Tlint. Channel Islands light. Somerset and Yorkshire (increase). Cambridge (slight increase). Carnarvon. Kent, Norfolk and Cheshire (increase). Carnarvon (decrease). Cambridge (increase). Herts (slight in- crease) . 102 April 28th. Cambridge (increase). Somerset (decrease). Brecon. ‘ 29th. Hants (slight increase). 5, 30th. Kent (decrease). Staffordshire (building). May Ist. Carnarvon (increase). ‘A 2nd. Suffolk (increase). Carnarvon (decrease). Suffolk (building). Westmoreland. ard. Herts (increase). Renfrew. 3rd & 4th. Somerset (increase). e Sth. Derby (increase). - 7th. Cheshire and Cumberland (nesting). ; 10th. Suffolk (increase). i atch: Yorkshire (nest). : 14th. Suffolk (nest with eggs). 15th. Somerset (nest with eggs). 43 16th. Kent (nest with eggs). THE TREE-PIPIT. Anthus trivialis (L.). Tae Tree-Pipit arrived on the south coast as far west as Devonshire, but the majority occurred to the east of Hampshire. Between the 30th of March and the 7th of April strag- glers were recorded from several of the south-eastern counties and from Breconshire and Nottinghamshire. The first small immigration arrived on the 10th of April, and was recorded during the previous night at the lights on the Channel Islands and the Isle of Wight. Two other small immigrations seem to have landed about the 13th and 16th at different points between Sussex and Devonshire. The birds included in these three movements became thinly scattered over the whole of England, as was shown by the records up to the 20th of April. A fourth immigration, evidently of greater magnitude, arrived between the 19th and 23rd of April. The earlier part of this movement appears to have landed chiefly on the eastern portion of the south coast, and the birds seem to have spread rapidly through the south-eastern counties to the eastern Midlands ; while the later arrivals, cominy in farther west, spread northwards through Wales and the western Midlands. A fifth immigration appears to have arrived about the 27th or 28th of April, and to have contained a number of birds that passed on quickly into the northernmost counties. Further immigrations took place on the 1st, 5th 6th and 11th of May in Sussex and Hampshire, and perhaps farther west, and were recorded also at the Channel Islands on the 104 TREEH-PIPIT. ENGLAND asp WALES lish. Miles. 20 30 40 Eng: 10 ——— i] 40 ‘ (0 Geographical, Miles. a) 50 a 3 M= May Dates without initial are fa Apcil 105 nights of the 4th and 10th. These movements caused a definite increase in the numbers recorded in a good many counties during the first fortnight of May, but the records were too disconnected to enable their movements to be traced. A nest was found in Hssex on the 14th of May, and birds were reported to be building in Glamorganshire on the 8th, a nest with egos was found in Cambridgeshire on the 10th, and others in Sussex on the 11th, in Surrey on the 13th, in Cumberland and Derbyshire on the 16th, in Warwickshire on the 25th, and in Lancashire on the 16th; while young birds were found in Somersetshire on the 22nd and in Yorkshire on the 29th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. March 30th. Berks. Ayornil Pavel. Kent. y 6th. . Surrey, Essex. 7th. Brecon, Notts. .. 9th/10th. Channel Islands and Hants lights. “ 10th. Shropshire. 11th. Westmoreland. 12th. Derby (passing). - Iaislale Hants, Sussex, Leicester. 14th. Wilts. 15th. Warwick. 16th. Devon, Staffordshire. WrAela. Herts, Cambridge, Derby. 18th. Somerset, Middlesex, Northumberland. 19th. Jissex (increase). 20th. Leicester (inerease). Surrey (slight in- crease). Glamorgan, Gloucester, Oxford, Cheshire, Yorkshire Pilist: Worcester. 22nd. _ Leicester (increase). Cambridge (passing). Monmouth, Bucks, Radnor, Carnarvon, Lincoln, Renfrew. H 99 23rd. 3rd. Ath. Ath/5th. 5th. 5th/6th. 7th. Sth. 9th. 10th. 10th/11th. ile. 12th. 13th. 16th. 106 Monmouth, Radnor, Shropshire, and Staf- fordshire (increase). Berks (slight increase). Merioneth, Cumberland. Leicester (increase). Cambridge (slight increase). Monmouth (decrease). Somerset (increase). Warwick (slight increase). Bedford. Carmarthen. Herts (increase). Suffolk, Norfolk. Somerset and Shropshire (increase). Flint, Lancashire. Yorkshire and Cumberland (inerease). Monmouth and Cumberland (increase). Northumberland (slight increase). Shrop- shire (many passing). Denbigh. Hants (increase). Cumberland (increase). Carmarthen and Merioneth (slight increase). Staffordshire (decrease). Herts (usual numbers). Warwick (increase). Hssex (nest). Ayr. Channel Islands light. Derby (increase). Hants light. Yorkshire (increase). lambrid ge (increase). Glamorgan (building). Radnor (increase). Cambridge (nest with eggs). Channel Islands light. Somerset, Yorkshire and Westmoreland (increase). Sussex and Lincoln (slight increase). Sussex (nest with eggs). Worcester (usual numbers). Lincoln (slight increase). Surrey (nest with eggs). Cumberland and Derby (nests with eggs). ss pe iiseat 17th: 18th. 19th. 107 Radnor (building). Staffordshire (nests). Northumberland (nesting). Somerset (nest with young). Warwick (nest with eggs). Lancashire (nest with eges). Yorkshire (nest with voung). 108 THE RED-BACKED SHRIKE. Lanius collurio L. THIs species seems to have arrived mainly on the eastern portion of the south-east and south coasts, between Suffolk and Hampshire. The earliest arrival recorded was in Kent on the 30th of April, and immigrants occurred at St. Catherine’s light, Isle of Wight, on the night of the 4th of May, but the other records were so scanty and widely scattered that no infor- mation.could be gathered from them. None were received from any county to the north of Shropshire, Staffordshire and Norfolk. A nest of this Shrike with one egg was found in Norfolk on the 15th of May. Other nests with eggs were reported from Hssex on the 19th, from Radnorshire on the 20th, from Somersetshire on the 22nd, from Surrey on the 24th, and from Warwickshire on the 25th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. Ava AON Kent. May 2nd. Hants. z 3rd. Berks, Glamorgan, Herts. te Ath. Warwick. .. Ath/5th. Hants light. 5 5th. Suffolk (passing). Isle of Wight. a 9th. Wilts, Suffolk. 12th. Somerset. Hs 14th. Sussex, Gloucester. a 15th. Norfolk (nest with egg). i 16th. Surrey, Cardigan, Shropshire. ile 18th. 19th. 20th. 22nd. 24th. 25th. 30th. 109 Middlesex. Kent (nesting). Devon. Essex (nest with eggs). Dorset. Radnor (nest with eggs). Somerset (nest with eggs). Staffordshire. Surrey (nest with eggs). Warwick (nest with eggs) Hissex (slight increase). 110 SPOTTED FLYCATCHER. ENGLAND aww WALES English Mules. 4 A: =April Dates without initialare in May j a i Ni ae a a at a on RN at ca ee ee ee eee WEI. THE SPOTTED FLYCATCHER. Musecicapa grisola, L. TuE Spotted Flycatcher arrived along the whole of the south coast, but chiefly on the western half. Several early stragglers were reported during the last ten days of April, chiefly from western and northern counties. On the 30th the first immigration, of small numbers, arrived on the coast from Hampshire westwards, and the birds seem to have passed up the western side of the kingdom, reaching the Isle of Man and the south of Scotland on the 4th of May and Yorkshire on the 5th, while others were observed at Bardsey light, Carnarvonshire, on the same night. Very few appear to have passed inland to the east of Hampshire. Single birds were taken at the Caskets light on the nights of the 6th and 9th of May, and at Sark light en that of the 7th, while small numbers again occurred at the Caskets light on the night of the 10th. There was no evidence in the records to shew that any fresh lot of migrants arrived on our shores before the 11th, when a considerable migration com- menced and lasted until the 15th, large numbers being recorded from the Caskets light on the night of the 14th. The records seemed to indicate that a large proportion of our breeding-birds were included in this movement, but they were not sufficiently detailed to enable the progress of the birds through the country to be traced. Large numbers again occurred at the Caskets light on the night of the 19th, and there were indications of an immigration on our shores on the following day, while a few birds were observed on pas- sage at a light-vessel off the Lancashire coast on the night of the 23rd. 112 Spotted Flycatchers were reported to be nesting in Brecon- shire on the 19th of May, a nest was found in Hssex on the 20th, and they were building in Radnorshire on the 24th, in Yorkshire on the 28th and in Northumberland on the 31st. while a nest with eggs was found in Westmoreland on the 28th. April 99 oe) 99 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. 20th. Zande 24th. Dail 28th. 29th. 30th. Ist. 2nd. Ath. 5th. 5th/6th. 6th. 6th/7th. sth. 9th. 9th/10th. 10th/11th. 11th. 12th. 12th/13th. 14th. 14thy L5th. 15th. Lancashire. Monmouth, Notts. ° Yorkshire. Westmoreland. Berks, Staffordshire. Carmarthen, Northumberland. Hants, Surrey, Cambridge. Wilts (passing). Somerset, Flint, Che- shire. Shropshire. Herts, Worcester, Isle of Man, Mull of Galloway. Yorkshire (increase). Kent, Oxford. Carnarvon light. Radnor. Channel Islands light. Channel Islands light. Shropshire (in- crease). Warwick. Wilts, Cumberland. } Channel Islands light. Cambridge (increase). Sussex, Suffolk, Lincoln. Somerset (increase). Dorset, Essex. Hants light, Bedford (arrived in numbers). Devon. Channel Islands light. Wilts (slight increase). Middlesex, Nor- folk, Derby, Renfrew. May 99 99 39 June ve) 19th. 19th/20th. 20th. 23rd/24th. 24th. 25th. 26th. 28th. 31st. Ist. 10th. IS Brecon (nesting). Channel Islands light. Hssex (increase ; nesting). Lancashire light. Radnor (building). Dorset (slight increase). Cardigan. Westmoreland (nest with egg). York- shire (building). Northumberland (building). Glamorgan. Suffolk (a pair arrived at nesting-place). 114 THE PIED FLYCATCHER. Muscicapa atricapilla, L. Tue information available indicated that the Pied Flycatcher arrived on the western half of the south coast. An early straggler was recorded in Lancashire on the 3rd of April ; the next record was from Devonshire on the 19th. Passing birds were noted in Somersetshire on the 22nd and in Cheshire on the 23rd. They had reached Westmoreland on the 24th and Northumberland on the 25th. Arrivals at St. Catherine’s light were reported on the nights of the 24th and 27th of April, but there was no information to show in what direction these migrants con- tinued their journey. Passage-movements were apparently in progress until the middle of the month, probably on both the east and west coasts. A Pied Flyeatcher’s nest was found in Westmoreland on the 7th of May and a pair were building in Radnorshire on the 15th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April onee Lancashire. xs 19th. Devon. 22nd. Somerset (passing). 5 23rd. Cheshire (passing). a 24th. Oxford, Westmoreland. », 24th/25th. Hants light. a Dou. Yorkshire, Northumberland. he 27th. Carmarthen (passing). 5 2th 28the lants) iol: 28th. — 29th. 30th. ILSie, ord. 4th. 7th. 10th. 13th. 15th. iid 22nd. 115 Northumberland (increase). Radnor. Monmouth. Merioneth. Radnor. Denbigh. Westmoreland (nest). Suffolk (passing). Cumberland (passing). Radnor (building). Carnarvon (passing). Cardigan. / are M= May Dates without initia in Aprit English Miles. 10 20 30 40 SQ Geographical Miles. 1 = 20 = «30 40 SO March. Mch ENGLAND ax WALES ids) ae = SWALLOW. @ ie Nm 7 iS w THE SWALLOW. Hirundo rustica L. THE Swallow arrived along the whole of the south coast, but chiefly on the western half. A single bird was seen in Dorsetshire on the 3rd of January, and two or three in co. Kerry on the 23rd. Migrants first appeared at the Scilly Isles on the 6th and 13th of March and in Devonshire on the 19th, while between the 21st and the end of the month stragglers were noticed in Kent, the Isle of Wight, Shropshire, Carnarvon- shire, Surrey, Wiltshire, Berkshire and as far north as Cheshire and Yorkshire. The first definite immigration, small in numbers, landed along the whole of the south coast between the 31st of March and the 5th of April, but with - the exception of a few birds which landed in Kent on the the former date, the whole of these migrants passed through the western counties, some of the earlier arrivals reaching Cumberland on the 3rd and Northumberland on the 6th of April. On the 10th, 12th and 14th of that month a second series of small immigrations arrived, which seem to haye furnished a proportion of the birds for Wales on the one hand and for the south-eastern counties and Hast Anglia on the other. The main immigratory movement commenced on the 15th of April, and thereafter Swallows continued to arrive on some part or other of the south coast every day until the 11th of May. Between the 15th and 18th of April the movement seems to have been confined almost entirely to the western half of England and North-east Wales, Westmoreland and Northumberland being reached on the 17th and the Isle of Man and Renfrewshire on the following day. It was not 118 until the 19th that Swallows in any numbers reached the home counties and eastern Midlands, while no marked increase in Hast Anglia was recorded until the 21st, when migrants were first observed passing the Suffolk lightships and Spurn Head. A marked increase was also noted throughout Wales on the same date. Subsequently Swallows continued to arrive throughout the country and pass north in a more or less continuous stream, but the volume of migration through the western half would seem to have been always greater than that through the eastern counties. There were abundant indications in the records from the light-stations and observers on both the east and west coasts that northward passage-movements were in pro- gress by both routes almost continuously until the third week in May. Swallows were building in Cambridgeshire on the 27th of April, in Wiltshire and Cumberland on the Ist of May, in Somersetshire on the 3rd, in Suffolk on the 6th, in Surrey, Middlesex and Shropshire on the 10th, and in Nottingham- shire on the 11th ; while eggs were reported from Hssex on the Ist, from Cambridgeshire on the 11th, from Yorkshire - on the 19th, and from Staffordshire on the 21st. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE REcorpDs. Jan. ard. Dorset (one). 5 23rd. Kerry (two or three). March 6th. Scilly Isles. is 10th. Scilly Isles (passing). a 19th. Devon (passing). ke 21st. Kent. 5 22nd. Cheshire. a. - 24th. Shropshire (passing). Monmouth. i 26th. Isle of Wight (passing). Yorkshire. a 28th. Carnarvon. 33 29th. Berks. 30th. Surrey. 31st. Kent (slight increase). Anglesey. atlas 18th. 119 Scilly Isles, Cornwall, Lancashire. Cornwall and Kent (decrease). Wilts (passing). Dorset. Hants (passing on coast). Shropshire, Staffordshire, Derby, Cumberland. Herts, Carmarthen. Scilly Isles (slight increase). Bucks. Cheshire (slight increase). Somerset, Warwick, Northumberland. Monmouth (inerease). Shropshire (slight increase). Brecon. ; Warwick (decrease). Hants, Middlesex. Brecon (increase). Pembroke, Norfolk, Lincoln. Devon and Somerset (increase). Hants (passing). Sussex, Glamorgan, Bedford, AYT. Devon and Somerset (decrease). North- ampton. Kent (increase). Gloucester, Suffolk, Leicester, Denbigh. Channel Islands light. Devon, Dorset, Isle of Wight, Hants, Denbigh and Derby (increase). Cambridge. Sussex, Staffordshire and Shropshire (in- crease). Cambridge, Cheshire and Yorkshire (slight increase). Dorset (decrease). Hssex, Radnor. Dorset, Hants, Suffolk, Staffordshire, Lan- cashire and Northumberland (increase). Westmoreland (passing). Oxford, Me- rioneth, Flint, Notts. Dorset light. Devon, Kent, Somerset, Glamorgan and Shropshire (increase). Wilts and Notts (slight inerease). Dorset, Staffordshire, Denbigh and 120 Lancashire (decrease). Isle of Man, Renfrew. April 19th: Devon, Berks, Herts, Bedford, North- ampton, Warwick, Staffordshire and Northumberland (increase). Essex (slight increase). Worcester. \ 20th. Dorset light. Scilly Isles, Somerset, Gloucester, Surrey, Middlesex, Pem- broke, Staffordshire, Merioneth and Leicester (increase). Oxford and Wor- cester (slight increase). Devon (de- crease), $5 2st. Suffolk and Yorkshire lights. Devon, Dorset, Hants, Hssex, Monmouth, Radnor, Suffolk, Norfolk, Carnarvon, Denbigh, Cheshire, Lancashire and Cumberland (increase). Westmoreland (many passing). 21st to 27th. Staffordshire (many passing). 22nd. Sussex, Surrey, Essex, Gloucester, Herts and Cumberland (increase). Suffolk (passing on coast). Renfrew (slight decrease). a 23rd. Suffolk and Yorkshire lights. Sussex, Essex, Wilts, Shropshire, Derby, York- shire and Cumberland (increase). Suffolk (passing on coast). ,, 23rdto May 4th. Carnarvon (passing daily on coast). a 24th. Kent, Wilts, Suffolk, Cambridge, Wor- cester, Radnor, Lincoln, Cheshire, Lan- eashire, Westmoreland, Cumberland and Northumberland (increase). Sussex (de- crease). , 24th/25th. Channel Islands ght. 25th. Cornwall, Wilts, Oxford, Middlesex, Derby, Cheshire, Lincoln and Renfrew (increase). Worcester (decrease). Dumfries. 121 April 26th. Cambridge, Merioneth and Cheshire (in- crease). Derby (decrease). ss 27th. Sussex, Kent, Surrey, Bucks, Cambridge, Suffolk, Norfolk, Derby and Lincoln (increase). Cambridge (building). 3 28th. Hants, Carmarthen, Oxford, Norfolk, Derby and Yorkshire (increase). Dorset, Sussex, Berks and Cambridge (de- crease). », 28th to May 4th. Devon (increase). $f 30th. Kent light. Renfrew (passing). May Ist. Carnarvon light. Lincoln (increase). Cumberland and Wilts (building). Hssex (nest with eggs). 55 2nd. Kent light. Scilly ies Cornwall, Dor- set, Berks and Somerset (increase). Cheshire (slight increase). ord. Sussex, Lincoln and Cheshire (increase). Renfrew (great increase). Dorset (de- crease). Somerset (nest with eggs). 4th. Essex (large numbers passing). oth. Isle of Wight, Kent, Gloucester, Suffolk and Vous hie Gucnensey, Scilly Isles (decrease). Staffordshire (usual num- bers). Lancashire (building). 6th. Kent light. Suffolk (increase). Hants and STiolle (nesting). Miele Kent light. Devon and Suffolk (in- crease). 8th. Kent light. Berks (increase). Devon (decrease). Es - Oth. Kent light. Westmoreland (passing). “s 10th. Kent light. Dorset, Glamorgan, War- wick and Denbigh (increase). Surrey, Middlesex and Shropshire (nesting). lth. Suffolk light. Dorset and Westmoreland (increase). Notts (building). Cam- bridge (nest with eggs). 39 122 May 12th. Lincoln (inerease). Berks (usual numbers). A 13th. Pembroke (increase). 14th. Notts (inerease). ,, 17th & 18th. Middlesex and Isle of Man (increase). ms 19th. Yorkshire (nest with eggs). i 21st. Staffordshire (nest with eggs). ee 28th. Devon (building). THE HOUSE-MARTIN. Chelidon urbica (L.). Tue House-Martin arrived along the whole of the south coast, but more particularly on the western half. The first migrants were seen in Devonshire on the 23rd of March and in Essex on the 27th. Between the 1st and 20th of April there seems to have been an irregular immigration at intervals on the western half of the south coast, the arrivals during the last six days of that period being on a rather larger scale. By the time the last of these birds had arrived, House-Martins were scattered thinly, but widely, over the whole kingdom, at least as far north as Argyllshire, but far more sparingly in the east and south-east than elsewhere. The main immigratory movement of this species began on the 21st of April with the arrival of larger numbers on the whole of the south coast. This movement continued, with but two intermissions of a day each, until the 11th of May, the arrivals being more continuous and the numbers greater in the western counties. The bulk of the earlier arrivals travelled north through the western Midlands and quickly passed on to the northern counties, the Isle of Man and Scotland, but Yorkshire was not reached until a day or two later than Cumberland and Westmoreland, and large numbers were not recorded in Hast Anglia until two or three days later. By the 1st of May a considerable number of our breeding- birds had arrived and the records of migrants then began to decrease innumber ; but it was clear that passage-movements through the country continued with but little decrease in volume until ten days later. The adyent of further immigrants 12 124 ENGLAND ax WALES Mch=March. M= May Dates without initial are in April - HOUSE-MARTIN. 125 was recorded on the 19th, and continued in a lessening stream until the last week of the month. While migration was still in progress building-operations had begun in Staffordshire on the 29th of April, in Devon- shire on the Ist of May, in Breconshire on the 2nd, in Norfolk on the 4th, in Wiltshire on the Sth, in Hampshire on the 6th, in Suffolk on the 7th, in Essex and Cumberland on the 8th, in Radnorshire and Warwickshire on the 10th and in Lincolnshire on the 11th; while nests with eggs were found in Somersetshire on the 3rd and in Ayrshire on the 12th of May, also in Cheshire on the Ist of June. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE REcoRDS, March 23rd. Devon. o 27th. Essex. April 2nd. Norfolk. a 3rd. Dumfries (passing). - Ath. Devon. 5th. Gloucester, Shropshire. 6th. Surrey, Staffordshire, Cheshire, 10th. Hants. bbe Somerset. 14th. Carnarvon, Yorkshire, Northumberland. 15th. Isle of Wight and Somerset (passing). Hants (increase). 16th. Somerset (passing on coast). Wills. . 17th. Hants (decrease). Berks, Staffordshire, Notts. 18th. Hants (increase). Suffolk, Lincoln, 19th. Berks (passing). Kent, Herts, Monmouth, Lancashire. 20th, Somerset (increase). Hants and Lanca- shire (decrease). Glamorgan, Middle- sex, Cambridge, Brecon, Leicester, Derby, Argyll. April 21st. me stint mune i PAN i Donde sf 24th. 24th/25th. Divtlne * “ 26th. ie 27th. “ 28th. a 29th. 126 Hants and Carnarvon (increase). Surrey (slight increase). Carmarthen, Oxford, Worcester, Shropshire, Merioneth, W est- moreland, Cumberland. Devon (numbers). Glamorgan (passing). Hants, Somerset, Hssex and Lancashire (increase). Kent, Staffordshire and Cumberland (slight increase). Surrey and Merioneth (decrease). Dorset, Gloucester, Bedford, Radnor, Renfrew. Essex and Shropshire (increase). Kent and Lincoln (slight increase). Sussex. Sussex and Westmoreland (increase). Warwick, Isle of Man. Hants light. Kent, Radnor, Leicester and Lancashire (increase). Yorkshire (slight —in- crease). Shropshire (decrease). Scilly Isles. Wilts and Cheshire (increase). Hants and Suffolk (slight increase). Lincoln (de- crease). Kent, Wilts, Berks, Bucks, Cambridge and Yorkshire (increase). Carnarvon (decrease). Herts, Denbigh, Ayr. Devon, Hants, Wilts, Glamorgan, Glou- cester, Herts, Cambridge, Suffolk, Norfolk, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Isle of Man and Yorkshire (increase). Essex, Monmouth, Warwick and Isle of Man (slight increase). Sussex (passing). Suffolk and Yorkshire (increase). Rad- nor, Worcester and Cumberland (slight increase). Shropshire (great increase), Devon (passing). Staffordshire (build- ing). oe < April 30th. May Ist ae 2nd. es 3rd. s Ath. us Duly ey 6th. su 7th, as 8th. a 9th. 19th - 11th 12th 99 17 Hants, Berks and Yorkshire (increzse). Carmarthen and Renfrew (slight in- crease). Staffordshire, Leicester, Hssex and North- umberland (increase). Warwick (slight increase). Devon (building). Flint, Somerset, Cambridge, Suffolk and Cheshire Gnerease). Hants and Brecon (building). Surrey, Cheshire and Lancashire (increase). Sussex (slight increase). Essex and Staffordshire (decrease). Herts (usual nuinbers). Somerset (nest with egg). Norfolk, Cambridge, Warwick, Cheshire and Cumberland (increase). Devon (passing). Norfolk (building). Devon, Dorset, Wilts and Yorkshire (in- crease). Westmoreland (slight in- crease). Lancashire (decrease). Wilts (building). Hants and Kent (increase), Westmore- land (decrease), Denbigh (passing). Hants (nesting). Berks, Essex, Lancashire and Westmore- land (increase). Suffolk (nesting). Hants, Kent, Gloucester, Cheshire, Shrop- shire and Westmoreland (increase). Somerset (large flock passing). Stafford- shire (usual numbers). Essex and Cum- berland (nesting). Devon and Warwick (increase). Somerset (nest). Dorset, Sussex and Lancashire (increase). Kent (decrease). Radnor and Warwick (building). Dorset (increase). Lincoln (building). Essex, Suffolk and Yorkshire (increase). Ayr (nests). 128 May > 13th. Lincoln (increase). Pembroke (many). 5 Iie Lancashire (increase). > 19th. Kent, Hssex and Somerset (increase). ef 20th. Northumberland (increase). Kent (de- crease). ., 22nd & 23rd. Worcester Gincrease). June Ist. Cheshire (nests). 129 THE SAND-MARTIN. Cotile riparia (l.). THE Sand-Martin arrived along the whole of the south coast, but chiefly on the western half. The species was first reported from Cardiganshire on the 13th of March. Between the 15th of that month and the 2nd of April, the birds arrived on the south coast at various points, mostly in small numbers, but here and there in larger parties, and passed northwards through Wales and the western counties, reaching Cumberland by the 31st. A few stragglers only seem to have reached the south-eastern counties. Between the 3rd and 7th of April immigrations arrived on a.rather larger scale and seem to have settled down in the areas already occupied. Between the 12th and 18th of April a second series of movements ona still larger scale passed into the country and included a considerable influx into Kent, evidently comprising a large number of the breeding-birds of the south-eastern counties and Hast Anglia. Otherwise the main bulk of this immigration seems to have spread north through the western Midlands reaching Cumberland and Ayrshire on the 17th. After that date the immigrations were not clearly recorded on the coast, but it seems probable that the birds continued to arrive daily or almost daily, particularly on the western portion of the south coast, until the middle of May. A considerable proportion of these were probably passage- migrants on their way to breeding-places farther north. ‘hey were noticed on the Carnarvonshire coast passing Ss) Se) an SAND-MARTIN. | at NGILAN ID = Jo~ 40 Sh. Miles. ————— ——— 20 40 20 30 40 50) CELE EURO MES. —= 40 Engl: axp WALES = March in April M Dates without initial are | i — 131 steadily northwards all day on the 20th of April and daily from the 22nd of that month to the 4th of May, and the passage of considerable numbers was also noticed in Staffordshire from the 21st to the 27th of April, in Somersetshire on the 12th of May, and at various dates towards the end of April on the Suffolk coast. The fluctuation in numbers in inland localities until nearly the end of the third week in May would seem to indicate that passage-movements were also in progress over a large part of the country. While migration was still in progress, the earlier immi- grants had hegun to breed. Nesting-operations were reported in Berkshire and Breconshire on the 28th of April, in Surrey on the Ist of May, in Devonshire on the 6th, in Cambridge- shire on the 1ith and in Renfrewshire on the 12th, while egos were found in Staffordshire on the 18th and in Somer- setshire on the 22nd. (CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. March 13th. Cardigan. Re 15th. Cheshire. a 16th. Berks, Herts. “i 19th. Hants (many ). si 21st. Kent, Suffolk. a 22nd. Monmouth, Denbigh. ei 23rd. Scilly Isles, Devon, Somerset. x 24th. Herts (increase). Brecon and Carnarvon (passing). Shropshire. s 27th. Devon, Somerset, Cheshire. - 28th. Carmarthen, Derby. \ 31st. Cumberland. April Ist. Cornwall. a 2nd. Shropshire (increase). Somerset, North- umberland. 4 3rd. Scilly Isles, Cheshire, Lancashire. 5 Ath. Devon (increase). 132 Byori Hulme Herts and Cumberland (increase). Devon (slight decrease). Hants, Surrey, Here- ford. ue 6th. Warwick. r 7th. Shropshire (increase). Somerset (slight increase). Monmouth, Worcester. i 9th. Carmarthen. ss 10th. Gloucester, Norfolk. = 11th. Brecon (passing). 12th, Devon and Hants (increase). Bedford, Carnarvon, Flint. 5 13th. Argyll. is 14th, Kent (great increase). Hants, Monmouth and Cheshire (increase). Staffordshire, Derby, Yorkshire. cA 15th. Hants and Cheshire (inerease). Sassex, Glamorgan. ‘ 16th. Devon and Cheshire (increase). Wilts, Berks, Cambridge, Suffolk. es Wn, Cambridge, Norfolk, Cheshire and Cumber- land (increase). Dorset, Ayr. 18th. Shropshire and Cheshire (increase). Pem- broke. ms 19th. . Berks, Herts, Bedford and Cheshire (in- crease). Hssex, Oxford. 54 20th. Cheshire (increase). Devon (decrease). Carnarvon (passing steadily all day). Leicester. 21st. Norfolk, Shropshire, Lancashire and Cumberland (increase). Radnor. ,, 21st to 27th. Staffordshire (numbers passing). a 22nd. Bedford, Radnor, Derby and Lancashire (increase). Berks (decrease). Suffolk (passing). Isle of Man. ., 22nd to May 4th. Carnarvon (passing each day on the coast). x 23rd. Berks, Wilts, Cambridge, Derby, Lanea- shire and Cumberland (increase). Suf- folk (passing). Bucks, Aull >) 99 24th. 24th /25th. 25th. 26th. 27th. 28th. 29th. 30th. Ist. 2nd. 3rd. Ath. 5th. 6th. 9th. 10th. 11th. 12th. eS tikes 14th. 15th. 16th. 18th. 19th. 22nd. 133 Worcester, Cumberland and Northumber- land (increase). Merioneth. Hants light. Kent, Wilts, Merioneth, Cumberland and Renfrew (increase). Worcester (de- crease). Norfolk (increase). Glamorgan (slight increase). Devon and Renfrew (de- crease). Berks, Surrey, Bucks and Yorkshire (in- crease). Notts. Devon, Hants and Derby (increase). Berks and Brecon (nesting). Denbigh, Lincoln. Hissex, Suffolk and Northumberland (in- crease). Glamorgan and Renfrew (increase). Cambridge and Yorkshire (increase). Glamorgan (decrease). Surrey (nesting). Cornwall, Carmarthen and Cheshire (in- crease). Yorkshire (decrease). Leicester and Cheshire (increase). Staffordshire (increase). Bucks (increase). Suffolk (increase). Devon (nesting). Berks (increase). Dorset, Warwick and Yorkshire (increase). Berks (decrease). Cambridge (nesting). Yorkshire (nerease). Somerset (great numbers passing). Renfrew (nesting), Pembroke and Denbigh (increase). Notts (increase). Somerset and Gloucester (increase). Shropshire (increase). Staffordshire (nest with eggs), Warwick (increase). Somerset (nest with eggs). Swit: == ENGLAND ann WALES . 10 20 30 40 SO A. =April Dates without initial are un May THE SWIFT. Cypselus apus (.). Tae Swift arrived along the whole of the south coast, but in largest numbers on the western half. Stragglers began to put in an appearance in our southern counties during the third week in April, and arrivals of small parties were evidently tolerably frequent during the last week of that month. These were noticed in various localities almost entirely in the western half of the kingdom, as far north as Westmoreland and Ayrshire, which were reached on the 25th and 27th respectively. On the 30th of April the main immigration of this species commenced and con- tinued throughout the following month, flocks of birds arriving at many points on the south coast almost daily. This large and extensive movement was recorded at the Channel Islands, and the lighthouse-keeper at the Caskets reported that Swifts were flying north-east past that station in large numbers daily throughout the month. The greater part of the immigrants during the first four days in May arrived on the western half of the coast and passed north through Wales and the western Midlands, and it was not until after the arrival of a considerable body of birds in Kent on the 4th and 5th of May that the eastern counties began to be occupied. It is clear that throughout May the number of migrants passing through the western half of the kingdom was greater than that through the eastern counties, and the successive arrivals could be traced with some precision, up to the middle of the month, by means of the records in the Chronological Summary, 136 A large and final immigration was noticed in Devonshire . on the 6th of June. Swifts were reported as present in their usual numbers in Shropshire on the 9th of May, in Cambridgeshire on the 11th and in Worcestershire on the 12th. A nest with eggs was found in Somersetshire on the 24th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 14th, Hants. i 15th. Suffolk. a 17th. Wilts. a 19th. Kent. ie 20th. Worcester. sf 21st. Shropshire. if 22nd. Berks, Glamorgan, Brecon. - 23rd. Monmouth, Yorkshire. si 24th. Cheshire. 25th. Shropshire and Westmoreland (passing). Dorset, Somerset. in 26th. Sussex, Surrey, Carmarthen, Norfolk. es 27th. Shropshire (passing). Devon, Cambridge, Avr. ks 28th. Suffolk (slight increase). Carnarvon, Isle of Man. 29th. Cumberland. <3 30th. Devon and Wilts (increase). Hants (slight increase). Scilly Isles, Radnor, Merioneth, Staffordshire, Denbigh, Northumberland. May Ist. Devon, Berks and Radnor (increase). Dorset, Sussex and Glamorgan (slight increase). Middlesex, Essex, Warwick, Lancashire. a 2nd. Gloucester, Oxford, Northampton, Derby. 1 3rd. Hants, Surrey and Cheshire (increase). Herts (large numbers). Mull of Gallo- way, Renfrew. Ath. 5th. 6th. 7th. 8th. Oth. 10th. 11th. 12th. evi 14th. 137 Devon and Kent (increase). Herts (de- crease). Devon, Kent, Norfolk and Yorkshire (in- crease). Westmoreland. Wilts and Denbigh (increase). Essex, Glamorgan, Northampton, Wo:- cester, Shropshire, Denbigh and Lanca- shire -(increase). Merioneth (slight increase). Bucks, Flint. Somerset, Berks, Carmarthen, Gloucester, Shropshire, Warwick, Staffordshire and Denbigh (increase). Renfrew (slight increase). Devon (passing). Lincoln. Devon, Hants, Somerset, Berks, Surrey, Suffolk, Lincoln, Staffordshire, Lanca- shire, Westmoreland and Cumberland (increase). Renfrew (slight increase). Warwick (decrease). Shropshire (usual numbers). Scilly Isles. Hants, Sussex, Surrey, Glamorgan, War- wick, Staffordshire and Derby (in- crease). Merioneth and Renfrew (slight increase). Carnarvon (numbers passing on coast). Hants, Sussex, Middlesex, Bucks, Warwick, Staffordshire, Northumberland and Ren- frew (increase). Cambridge (usual numbers). Cornwall, Notts. Cornwall, Somerset, Wilts, Middlesex, Suffolk, Warwick and Yorkshire (in- crease). Isle of Man (slight increase), Hants and Lincoln (decrease). Wor- cester (usual numbers). Gloucester and Suffolk (increase). Pem- broke (passing). Kent, Wilts, Gloucester and Norfolk (increase). K June iyecw 16th. 18th. 20th. 22nd. 23rd. 24th. 29th. 6th. 138 Hants, Middlesex, Norfolk and Carnarvon (increase). Scilly Isles (nerease). Durham. Middlesex and Essex (increase). Somerset, Wilts and Yorkshire (increase). Northumberland (increase). Hants (increase). Somerset (nest with eggs). Herts (increase). Caskets light (Channel Islands), (large numbers passing to the north-east throughout the month of May). Devon (large influx). — 139 THE NIGHTJAR. Caprimulgus europeus, Li. Tue area of arrival of this species was difficult to ascertain from the records, but they seem to indicate that the numbers landing on the eastern half of the south coast were greater than those on the western. The species was first reported from Yorkshire on the 6th of April, and a slight increase in numbers in the same county was reported on the 21st. After that date it would seem that small numbers continued to arrive between the 26th of Apriland the 4th of May, and at intervals until nearly the end of that month. Westmoreland was reached on the 11th of May and increased numbers were noted in Suffolk on the 14th, in Merionethshire on the 16th, in Somersetshire on the 19th and in Radnorshire on the 28th. Eggs were found in Hampshire on the 31st of May, in Surrey on the Ist of June and in Devonshire on the 14th. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 6th. Yorkshire. 21st. Yorkshire (slight increase). Ss 26th. Berks. ie 27th. Hants. Ma Ist. Dorset, Suffolk. eS Ath. Devon. : 5th. Northampton. ee 6th. Cambridge. a 9th. Surrey, Gloucester, Bedford, Norfolk. K 2 11th. 12th. 14th. 15th. 16th. 18th. 19th. 20th. Devcile 27th. 28th. 31st. Ist. 14th. 140 Oxford, Westmoreland. Wilts, Carmarthen. Suffolk (slight increase). Somerset. Radnor, Merioneth. Merioneth (slight increase). Glamorgan. Scilly Isles, Sussex. Somerset (increase). Brecon. Shropshire. Channel Islands light. Cardigan, North- umberland. Radnor (slight increase). Hants (nest with egg). Surrey (nest with eggs). Renfrew. Devon (nest with eggs). bate arin tinge eat oe 141 THR WRYNECK. Cd Tynx torguilla, L. Tue Wryneck appears to have landed chiefly on the eastern portion of the south coast, as far west as Hampshire, but the records do not throw very much light on its movements. Its arrival was first noted in Kent on the 24th of March, and stragglers were observed in Somersetshire, Hampshire, Berk- shire, Surrey, Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire during the last week of that month. Birds passing through Devon- shire on the 2nd of April and a record from the Caskets light on the night of the 2nd/3rd probably marked the com- mencement of the regular immigratory movement; while reports from the Sussex, the Channel Islands and Hampshire lights on the 8th/9th and 9th/10th and from the Hampshire light on the 13th/14th indicated further arrivals on our southern and south-eastern coasts, though in every instance the number of birds seems to have been quite small. It was not until the latter half of April that the records indicated any marked influx of birds into the country. The latest record reported the passage of birds through the Isle of Wight on the 5th of May. A nest with eggs was found in Surrey on the 18th of May and one in Berkshire on the 11th of June. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. March 24th. Kent. 25th. Hants. 28th. Somerset, Surrey. 29th. Berks. 142 WRYNECK. 4 ENGLAND asp WALES Engush Miles. 7 20 30. «40. 50 Geographical Miles. 70. 30 «40.~«5O. 10 M=May Dates without initial are, in April 145 March 30th. Herts. a ulsiie Bucks. pile ey 2nd Devon (passing). » 2nd/3rd. Channel Islands light. 5 ord. Kent. a Ath. Somerset. 5 5th. Herts. Bs 6th. Sussex, Berks. 33 7th. Hssex, Shropshire. ea Sth. Surrey. » 8th/Ith. Sussex light. " 9th. Suffolk, Leicester. » 9th/10th. Channel Islands and Hants lights. x 11th. Surrey (slight increase). 12th. Worcester. 13th. Leicester. 13th/14th. Hants light. 14th. Gloucester, Middlesex. LSvilo, Kent (slight increase). Bucks. 18th. Wilts, Cambridge._ 20th. Dorset. 22nd, —-_ Hants (increase). Berks (slight increase). Monmouth, Bedford. 23rd. Sussex (slight increase). Hants (de- crease). PAT Oe Hants (increase). May Sth. Isle of Wight (passing). 18th. Surrey (nest with egys). June 9 Lith. Berks (nest with eggs). 144 CUCKOO. ENGLAND asp WALES English Mules, 10 20. & 0 M= May Dates without initial are in April 145 THE CUCKOO. Cuculus canorus, L. Tue Cuckoo arrived along the whole of the south coast, but in largest numbers from Hampshire westwards. It was first reported in Sussex and Shropshire on the 7th of April, and scattered birds were evidently arriving during the following week. A small immigratory movement took place along the greater portion of the south coast between the 14th and 16th of April, and was followed by one of larger dimensions between the 19th and 24th. It was clear that a considerable number of Cuckoos arrived during these two movements and passed rapidly northwards. The earlier arrivals travelled chiefly through the western counties and Wales, and reached the Isle of Man and Westmoreland on the 21st and Cumber- land, Ayrshire and Renfrewshire on the 22nd. The birds belonging to the eastern side of the kingdom seem to have arrived during the latter half of this movement, some of them passing Spurn Head on the Yorkshire coast reached Northumberland on the 23rd. A third immigration of considerable dimensions landed on the greater part of the south coast between the 27th of April and the Ist of May, and again the largest numbers seem to have passed through the western half of the country. A fourth arrival may have taken place on the 12th of May, but this is uncertain, though a passage-migration seems to have been in progress up to the 17th. An egg was found in Kent in a Hedge-Sparrow’s nest and in Surrey in a Linnet’s nest on the Ist of May, ina 146 Robin’s nest in Surrey and in a Meadow Pipit’s in Cam- bridgeshire on the 11th, in a Sedge-Warbler’s nest in Essex on the 13th, in a Hedge-Sparrow’s nest in the same county on the 14th, in a Robin’s nest in Somersetshire and in a Sedge-Warbler’s nest in Essex on the 15th, in a Meadow- Pipit’s nest in Staffordshire on the 16th, in Hedge-Sparrows’ nests in Surrey and Essex on the 17th, in a Pied Wagtail’s nest in Staffordshire on the 18th, in a Hedge-Sparrow’s nest in Radnorshire on the 19th, and in a Robin’s nest in the same county on the 20th. Two young Cuckoos were found in a Hedge-Sparrow’s nest in Surrey on the 24th, an ege in a Pied Wagtail’s nest in Radnorshire on the 25th, and one ina Reed-Warbler’s nest in Norfolk on the 4th of June. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 7th: Sussex, Shropshire. - 8th. Surrey. 9th. Somerset, Leicester. 10th. Devon. 11th. Suffolk, Radnor. Zila. Hants, Cheshire. 14th. Sussex (increase). Isle of Wight, Glou- cester, Lincoln. 15th. Kent, Staffordshire. 16th. Dorset, Berks, Essex, Monmouth, Notts. 17th. Cambridge, Worcester, Norfolk, York- shire. 18th. Suffolk (large arrival). Wilts, Middlesex, Merioneth, Leicester. 19th. Scilly Isles, Cornwall, Glamorgan, Bed- ford. 20th. Surrey (increase). Dorset and Kent (slight increase). Carmarthen, Herts, Warwick, Flint. 21st. Shropshire and Staffordshire (increase). Hants (slight increase). Oxford, Car- narvon, Denbigh, Derby, Isle of Man, Westmoreland. ee eg ee April 99 99 2) May Py) 9) 22nd. Damce 24th. ine 26th/27th. D7telMe 28th. 29th. 30th. Ist. 2nd. 3rd. Ath. 5th. 6th. 7th. 147 Sussex, Bedford, Shropshire, Merioneth and Derby (increase). Somerset (slight increase). Bucks, Brecon, Lancashire, Cumberland, Ayr, Renfrew. Yorkshire light. Devon, Cambridge and Shropshire (increase). Berks, Herts, Worcester, Norfolk, Lancashire and Yorkshire (shght increase). Northum- berland. Hants and Westmoreland (increase). Rad- nor and Leicester (slight increase). Shropshire and Lancashire (decrease). Devon (decrease). Cornwall light. Brecon (increase). Lincoln (slight in- crease). Norfolk light. Devon, Monmouth, Glou- cester, Middlesex and Suffolk (increase). Hants (slight inerease). Renfrew (usual numbers). Northumberland (slight increase). Shrop- shire (increase). Somerset (increase). Denbigh (slight in- crease). Hants, Hssex and Warwick (increase). Glamorgan, Cheshire and Lancashire (slight increase). Kent (egg in Hedge- Sparrow's nest). Surrey (egg in Linnet’s nest). Pembroke. Cumberland (increase). Leicester and Cheshire (slight increase). Norfolk (slight increase). Carmarthen and Yorkshire (increase). Bucks (slight increase). Cambridge and Lancashire (increase). Suffolk (decrease). Berks (increase). June 11th. Gh Wed oy 14th. 15th. 16th. do, 18th. 19th. 20th. 24th. 25th. 27th. Ath. 148 Cambridge, Denbigh and Yorkshire (in- crease). Surrey (egg in Robin’s nest). Cambridge (egg in Meadow- Pipit’s nest). Channel Islands light. Berks (increase). Tissex (egg in Sedge-Warbler’s nest). Berks and Radnor (increase). Hssex (egg in Hedge-Sparrow’s nest). Westmoreland (increase). Wilts (slight increase). Somerset (egg in Robin’s nest). Hssex (egg in Sedge-Warbler’s nest). Staffordshire (egg in Meadow-Pipit’s nest). Cardigan. Lancashire (increase). Surrey and Hssex (eges in Hedge-Sparrows’ nests). Staffordshire (egg in Pied Wagtail’s nest). Radnor (egg in Hedge-Sparrow’s nest). Radnor (egg in Robin’s nest). Surrey (two young in Hedge-Sparrows’ nests). Radnor (egg in Pied Wagtail’s nest). Devon (egg). Norfolk (egg in Reed-Warbler’s nest). 149 THE TURTLE-DOVE. Turtur communis, Selby. THe Turtle-Dove arrived on the eastern portion of the south- east and south coasts, between Suffolk and Hampshire. A single bird was seen in the Scilly Isles at the end of February, but the first records of genuine immigrants came from Berkshire on the 7th of April and from the Caskets light and Suffolk on the 8th. A few stragglers were sub- sequently reported up to the 21st, and a rather more decided immigration took place between the 22nd and the 30th. An immigration of larger dimensions occurred during the first four days of May, a second on the 7th, and a third between the 10th and 12th, and others on the 14th, 16th, 18th and 20th. The first three immigrations seem to have been composed of the majority of our breeding-birds ; these reached North Wales by the 10th of May and Yorkshire by the 11th, when the usual numbers were reported from Cambridgeshire. The last five migrations seem to have contained birds which passed mainly into the western counties and Wales, large numbers being reported from Worcestershire and Staffordshire on the 19th. Nests with eggs were found in Essex on the 19th of May, in Radnorshire on the 24th, in Cheshire on the 28th, and in Surrey on the Ist of June. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. Feb. = 28th. Scilly Isles (one seen). Jayoyeul J tee Berks. Sth. Channel Islands light. Suffolk. oy) 9) May 3) 99 19th. 20th. 21st. 22nd. Danae 24th. 25th. DA. 30th. Selst. Ind. ord. Ath. 5th. 6th. 6th/7th. 7th. Sth. Oth. 10th. 11th. 11th/12th. Wiley 13th. 14th. 16th. ikAdas 18th. 19th. 19th/20th. 150 Norfolk. Gloucester. Westmoreland. Kent. Sussex, Surrey. Hants. Wssex. Cambridge, Cheshire. Dorset. Suffolk (increase). Isle of Wight. Herts. Berks and Essex (slight inerease). Wilts. Bucks, Northampton, Lincoln, Yorkshire. Hssex (slight decrease). Channel Islands light. Suffolk (slight increase). Somerset, Carmarthen, Brecon. Devon, Worcester, Warwick, Staffordshire. Sussex (increase). Essex (slight increase). Monmouth, Denbigh. Sussex, Berks and Yorkshire (increase). Hants (slight increase). Cambridge (usual numbers). Channel Islands light. Essex (increase). Norfolk (slight in- crease). Merioneth. ' Herts (slight increase). Bedford (many). Shropshire. Hssex (increase). Flint. Wilts (necrease). Cardigan, Radnor, Notts. Shropshire (increase). Somerset’ and Surrey (slight increase). Suffollx (increase). Worcester and Staffordshire (usual num- bers). Essex (nest with eggs). Channel Islands light. 151 Maye 2st. Shropshire (increase). a 22nd. _ Cheshire (increase). . 24th. Radnor (nest with eggs). a 25th. Warwick (increase). 55 26th. Yorkshire (sitting). ss 28th. Derby (nesting). Cheshire (nest with eggs). June ISG: Surrey (nest with eggs). », oth to 8th. Renfrew (one). THE LAND-RAIL. Crex pratensis, Bechst. Iv seems evident that the Land-Rail must have arrived almost entirely to the west of Hampshire, as there were hardly any records from the south-coast counties. The earliest notices were all from the Midland counties between the 16th and 20th of April, and a number of birds had evidently arrived before the end of the month. Land- Rails were reported from the Caskets light on the night of the 24th, and there was evidently a passage-movement up the west coast on the night of the 29th. Harly migrants reached Cumberland on the 22nd and Northumberland on the 23rd, while arrivals were first recorded from Laneca- shire, Yorkshire and Ayrshire on the 28th, from the Isle of Man on the 30th ef April, and from Renfrewshire on the Ist of May. After that date the species rapidly became more numerous in various parts of the country, but the localities were too few and scattered to convey much information. A record from Bardsey light on the night of the 5th, a newly arrived example in the Isle of Wight on the 15th of May and increases in the more northerly counties until the 1st of June indicated a continued influx of migrants and a northward passage up the west coast throughout the greater part of May. No notes were received as to the nesting of this species. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 16th. Leicester, 17th. Warwick. 20th. Cambridge. >) 3) April 39 3) June 99 21st. 22nd. Zord. 24th. 24th/25th. 25th. 26th. 28th. 29th. 29th/30th. 30th. Ist. 2nd. 3rd. Ath. Hela; 5th/6th. 6th. 7th. 9th. 11th. 12th. 13th. 15th. 16th. 17th. 21st. 22nd. 24th. 26th. Ist. Ath. 153 Berks, Merioneth, Shropshire. Surrey, Cheshire, Cumberland. Worcester, Northumberland. Staffordshire, Flint. Channel Islands light. Somerset, Bedford. Derby. Carnarvon, Laneashire, Yorkshire, Ayr. Shropshire (slight increase). Radnor. Carnarvon light. Yorkshire (slight increase). Carmarthen, Isle of Man. Renfrew. Cumberland (slight increase). Wilts, * Norfolk, Dumfries. Herts, Mull of Galloway. Northumberland (slight increase). Mon- mouth, Denbigh. Shropshire and Yorkshire (slight increase). Northampton. Carnarvon light. g Carmarthen (usual numbers). Glamorgan. Yorkshire (increase). Devon. Oxford, Notts. Shropshire (increase). Brecon. Pembroke. Staffordshire (slight increase). Isle of Wight (one newly arrived). Cornwall. Lancashire (increase). Westmoreland. Northumberland (increase). Radnor (slight increase). Glamorgan (increase). Cheshire (increase). Hants. THE COMMON SANDPIPER. Totanus hypoleucus (1.). Tuts species appears to have arrived along the whole of the south coast, but chiefly on the western half. An example observed in Lancashire on the 5th of March had probably wintered in the country. The next record was reccived from Suffolk on the 3rd of April, and after that date there appears to have been a small immigration of birds on the 10th and 12th, which passed rapidly through the western counties reaching Argyilshire on the 13th and Northumberland on the 14th. On the 16th a slight increase was observed in Monmouthshire, and passing birds were seen in Sussex and Berkshire on the following day ; others were noted in Carnarvonshire and on the 18th numbers were recorded going north in Lancashire. From that date until the end of the third week in May the migratory movement continued throughout the country, more especially through Wales and the western counties ; the bulk of the records were, however, from the inland or more northerly counties, so that it was not easy to trace the successive arrivals of the migrants. Between the 25th and 29th of April there was evidence of arrivals on the western portion of the south coast and again on the 4th and 19th of May, while migrants were noted at the Caskets light, Channel Islands, on the night of the 7th. Common Sandpipers were nesting in Cumberland on the 2nd of May and nests with eggs were found in Yorkshire on the 4th, in Derbyshire and Cheshire on the 5th, in Radnor- shire on the 10th, and in Carnarvonshire on the 13th. 155 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. 5th. drd. 5th. 6th. 10th. ie thn 13th. 14th. idee 16th. 17th. 18th. 19th. 21st. 22nd. 23rd. 24th. 2a the 26th. eit tae 28th. 29th. Lancashire. Suffolk. Lincoln. Monmouth. Hants, Brecon, Shropshire. Devon, Merioneth, Staffordshire, Derby, Cheshire. Leicester, Argyll. Somerset, Radnor, Yorkshire, Northum- berland. Wilts, Warwick. Monmouth (slight increase). Sussex, Berks, Carmarthen, Lancashire, Ren- frew. Carnarvon (passing). Cumberland, Ayr. Lancashire (numbers passing N.). Surrey. Cheshire and Yorkshire (slight increase). Herts, Bedford, Cambridge, Norfolk. Monmouth, Shropshire and Cumberland (increase). Lincoln (passing). Isle of Man. Radnor and Lancashire (increase). North- umberland (slight increase). Flint, Westmoreland. Lancashire and Cumberland (increase). Derby (slight increase). Shropshire (usual numbers). Monmouth (increase). Merioneth (slight increase). Lancashire (decrease). Somerset (slight increase). Northumberland (increase). Kent. Cheshire (slight increase). Somerset (de- crease). Lincoln (passing). Hants and Derby (increase). Yorkshire (slight increase). Hants (de- crease). Oxford. L 2 156 April 30th. Derby (increase). » o0th/May Ist. Anglesey light. May Ist. Radnor (increase). Glamorgan. es 2nd. Carmarthen (inerease). Cumberland (nest). ee 5 4th. Dorset (fresh arrivals). Yorkshire (nest with eggs). a3 5th. Carmarthen (increase). Derby and Cheshire (nests with eggs). 5 6th. Radnor (decrease). » ¢th/8th. Channel Islands light. i 10th. Lancashire -(increase). Staffordshire F (slight increase). Radnor (nest with : eggs). oe 12th. Denbigh. ay 2 SLB hale Carnarvon (nest with eggs). Ha 14th. Radnor (increase). i 19th. Somerset (increase). Radnor (decrease). i 20th. Radnor (inerease). Fe 22nd. Tissex. — Cn | THE COMMON TERN. Sterna fluriatilis, Naum. A sinGLE bird was observed in Argyllshire on the 22nd of Mareh and further arrivals took place in that county on the 8th of April. Some arrived in Kent on the 16th, and in Norfolk on the 19th; the latter passed on during the following day and were replaced by others on the 22nd, when the first arrival was recorded in Suffolk. In that county the numbers continued to increase until the 30th, but had decreased to a few on the 3rd of May. Between the 4th and 11th of May large numbers arrived in Kent and commenced to nest during the following week. The first records from the south-west came from the Scilly Isles on the 8th of May and passing birds were observed in Cheshire on the 8th and 14th, in Lancashire on the 11th, 16th and 25th, and in Hssex on the 15th, while many were reported on the coast of Norfolk on the 17th. It was clear, however, that the majority of the records merely represented the visits of our observers to the breeding-grounds. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. March 22nd, Argyll (one). April 8th, Argyll (slight increase), Se 16th, Kent. 19th. Norfolk. 20th, Norfolk (passed on), 22nd. Norfolk (increase), Suffolk. 23rd, Suffolk (increase), ve 25th. Suffolk (increase). ,, 28th to 30th. Suffolk (many). April 29th. 158 Norfolk (passing). » 29th to May 4th. Kent (many). May » Ath to 11th. 3) 2) » 11th to 18th. 29 ,, 12th to 16th. 9 3% 99 2) PP) 9 = 20umsto 2 mula 22nd. Dard. 24th. 25th. ord. 8th. 11th. 12th. 14th. Lela, 16th. litle 18th. ,, 18th & 19th. 19th. AILS ti Suffolk (few). Kent (large numbers). Cheshire (passing). Scilly Isles. Lancashire (passing). Kent (large numbers nesting). Ayr. Scilly Isles (few). Cheshire (one). Hssex (few passing). Lancashire (few). Lancashire (passed on). Norfolk (many). Lancashire (six). Denbigh (few). Dorset. Kent (large numbers). Shropshire (passing). Hssex (two). Hssex (one). Lancashire (many on coast). Norfolk. Cheshire (passing). 159 THE LITTLE TERN. Sterna minuta, L. LittLE TERNS were first observed in Kent and Berkshire on the 17th of April, and arrived in large numbers at their breeding-areas in the former county between the 20th and 27th and in Suffolk between the 28th and 36th. They were first observed in Carnarvonshire on the Ist of May, and had increased in numbers on the following day. On the 3rd a decrease was recorded in Suffolk and was followed by a slight increase on the 14th. Passing birds were reported in Merionethshire on the 10th and 16th, in Norfolk on the 14th and in Essex on the L5th. Nests with eggs were found in Flintshire on the 13th of May. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. April 17th. Berks (passing). Kent. » 20th to 27th. Kent (large numbers). » 25th to 30th. Suffolk (plentiful). — ,, 28th to May 4th. Kent (many), May Ist. Hssex, Carnarvon. 2nd. Carnarvon (increase). drd. Suffolk (few), Norfolk. ,», +th to 18th. Kent (large numbers). 10th. Merioneth (passing). ee ato uln, Flint (nests with eggs). 14th, Norfolk (many). 15th. Hssex (few passing). 18th. Lancashire. 19th. Norfolk (decrease). 21st. Northumberland. 99 UNSCHEDULED BIRDS. SUMMARY OF THE RECORDS. THE SONG-THRUSH (Turdus musicus). During January a few Sovg-Thrushes were noticed at some of the Welsh lights in the middle, and again towards the end of the month, whilst some few birds were observed at Spurn Head Light (Yorkshire) on the 12th/13th and at Hanois Light (Channel Islands) on the 28th/29th. At Cambridge a small flock of birds was noticed at intervals between the 20th of January and the 9th of March. During February migration was more active, especially towards the middle of the month. On the east coast a few migrants were reported from Winterton Light (Norfolk) on the 3rd/4th, from Lynn Well Light-vessel (Norfolk) on the 9th/10th and 10th/11th, and from Spurn Head Light on the latter date. In the west small movements were noticed off the Lancashire and Carnarvonshire coasts on almost every night between the 9th and 14th, and there was an influx at North Light, Lundy Island (North Devon) on the 13th/14th. After this, apparently owing to the age of the moon, there was an entire absence of records till the end of the month, when migration was again noticed on the Welsh coast, considerable numbers being seen at Bardsey Light (Carnarvonshire) on the 26th/27th and 27th/28th. Between the 4th and 15th of February movements were reported from many of the southern lights, but except on the nights of the 5th/6th, when large numbers were observed at the Hddystone Light (Cornwall) and St. Catherine’s Light (Hampshire) and again on the 12th/13th at the Eddystone, the numbers concerned appear to have been small. During the early part of March a few Song-Thrushes were seen at Spurn Head and Cromer (Norfolk) Lights and at the Kentish Knock Light-vessel (lissex), but after that time no migration was noted on the east coast until the 27th/28th, when there was an influx at the Longsand Light-yessel. On the west coast the only records received during March were of a few birds seen at Bardsey Light on the 6th/7th and 7th/8th, and at the Skerries Light (Anglesey) on the 183th/14th and %. 161 29th/SO0th, while there was an influx of migrants at Ulverstone (Lanca- shire) on the 18th, and a passage of small, dark birds at Bowdon (Cheshire) on the 22nd. During the early part of the month a few birds were reported from some of the southern lights, and there was a considerable passage at the Caskets Light (Channel Islands) on the 3rd/4th. During April no movement of importance was reported from the south or west coasts, though a few stragglers were noted at Bardsey and the Caskets during the first half of the month, and a bird of the Continental race was killed at St. Catherine’s Light on the 13th/14th. Numbers were seen at Cromer on the Ist/2nd, and at the Dudgeon Light-vessel (Norfolk) on the 9th/10th, while at the Newarp Light-vessel (Norfolk) large numbers were seen on the 1st/2nd of May. THE REDWING (Turdus cliacus). No movements of this species were recorded in February with the exception of a few birds at Whitby Light (Yorkshire) on the 7th/8th, and at the Caskets Light (Channel Islands) and the Welsh lights at the end of the month, while observers in Yorkshire and North Wiltshire drew attention to the great scarcity of Redwings in 1913. During the first week in March a movement on a small scale was noted at Whitby Light, at the Kentish Knock Light-vessel (Essex) and at Cambridgeshire ; there was an infiux at the Kddystone Light (Cornwall) and at the Caskets, and about the same time a few birds were noted passing Bardsey Light (Carnarvonshire). On the 11th/12th small parties of Redwings were observed at Spurn Head Light (Yorkshire), and a few days later in the neighbourhood of Cheltenham (Gloucestershire) and Caerleon (Monmouthshire). After the middle of March migration was active and continued until the 10th of April, especially on the east coast, though a few odd birds were noted at the Skerries Light (Anglesey) as late as the 29th/30th. On the 18th, — 20th and 380th of March great numbers were reported from Aldringham (Sutfolk), on the 23rd from Kingswood (Surrey) and from Bedfordshire on the 24th, whilst there was an influx at Spurn Head Light on the 30th/31st and at Newarp Light-vessel (Norfolk) on March 31st/April Ist. During the early part of April important movements were recorded at Aldringham on the 4th, 6th and 165th, at Otterburn (Northumberland) on the 6th, at Hickling (Norfolk) on the 7th, the Dudgeon Light-vessel (Norfolk) and Outer Dowsing Light-vessel (Lincolnshire) on the 9th/10th, Fakenham (Suffolk) on the 10th and St. Catberine’s Light (Hampshire) on the 10th/llth. After that date the height of the migration was over, but a solitary bird was noted at Bardsey Light on the 10th/11th, while a few stragglers were observed in Surrey on the 12th, in Somersetshire and Lincolnshire on the 18th and at Arvesbury (Worcestershire) on the 21st. 162 THE FIELDFARE (Turdus pilaris). Flocks of lieldfares were noticed during January at Felsted (Issex), Ackworth (Yorkshire), in Warwickshire and North Wiltshire. From the Ist to the 6th of February birds of this species were numerous in the neighbourhcod of Felsted, but no other movement was recorded during that month, though from the end of the month till the Sth of March a few flocks seem to have passed near Cambridge. During March the only records received from the west were those of a single bird, procured at Bardsey Light (Carnarvonshire) on February 28th/March Ist, and of small parties seen in Monmouthshire during the middle of March, and at Bowdon (Cheshire) at the end of the month, but in other parts of the country Fieldfares were assembling in large flocks, numbers being re- ported from Tenterden (Kent) on the 22nd, Felsted from the Ist to the 15th, Otterburn (Northumberland on the 16th, Fakenham (Suffolk) on the 19th, Bedfordshire on the 24th, and Loughborough (Leicester- shire) on the 26th. At the beginning of April a general movement set in throughout the country, which lasted up to the end of the month, though it was scarcely noticed in the south of England. On the east coast small parties of Fieldfares were noted at Spurn Head Light (Yorkshire) on the 9th, and during the next few days considerable numbers were reported from Fakenham, Hickling (Norfollx), Cromer (Norfolk), and Normanby (Lin- eolnshire), while at the end of the month there was an influx at Spurn Head. About the same time small flocks were passing the coasts of Lancashire and Wales, but the movement was more marked inland, large numbers being recorded from Neston (Cheshire) between the 7th and and 10th, Ulverstone (Lancashire) on the 13th, Oswestry (Shropshire) from the lst to the 8th, and Shrewsbury (Shropshire) on the 15th and 16th, whilst observers reported that Fieldfares were gathering in large flocks in Yorkshire, Berkshire, Middlesex and Surrey. The only southern light-records were one of a small number at the Caskets Light (Channel Islands) on the 24th/25th of April, and of a single bird at the same light on the 6th/7th of May. - By the end of April the height of the migration was over, but stragelers were observed in Breconshire and at Cheltenham (Gloucester- shire) on the 2nd of May and at Spurn Head Light on the 4th/5th ; a large flo-k was observed in the Eden Valley (Cumberland) on the 4th, and a single bird was taken at the Skerries light (Anglesey) on the 9tb/10th. THE BLACKBIRD (Turdus merula). The records of this species with but few exceptions came from the light-stations and were practically confined to the months of February and March; when the nights were bright, there was an almost entire absence of returns. On the east coast large numbers of Blackbirds were observed at Spurn Head Light (Yorkshire) on the 12th of January, but after that date, with a ~ Eg t = 163 the exception of a few birds seen at Spurn Head Light and the Outer Dowsing Light-vessel. (Lincolnshire) early in February and at Whitby Light (Yorkshire) on the 27th/28th, no other movement was recorded till the 4th/5th of March. This movement, which was only noticed at Spurn Head (though a single bird was noted at Cromer Light (Norfolk) on the 3rd/4th), reached its height on the 9th/10th, when there was a passage of a considerable number of birds. After the middle of the month no records came to hand till the end of March, when there was a decided influx at the Outer Dowsing Light-vessel and at Spurn Head Light on the 30th/3lst. A few stragelers were reported at Cromer and Spurn Head Lights during April, and the last birds seen were at Spurn Head Light on the 4th/5th of May. On the west coast only a few Blackbirds were seen at the Welsh lights during January, but in February a movement took place similar to that which occurred on the east coast in March. Birds began to pass along the coasts of Lancashire and Wales on the érd of February, and the movement culminated in a large influx which was observed at Bardsey Light (Carnarvonshire) and North Light, Lundy Island (North Devon) on the 13th/14th, whilst smaller numbers were noted at St. Tudwal’s Light (Carnarvonshire) and South Stack Light (Anglesey). This movement was renewed towards the end of the month, when there was a very large passage at Bardsey Light on the 27th/28th, while smaller numbers were reported from some of the other Welsh lights. After this no further record of importance was received, but a few stragglers passed some of the Welsh lights during the first half of March and Bardsey on the 8rd/4th of April. During the same period migration was also active on the south coast. Itcommenced on the drd/4th of February, when somenumbers were noticed at the Caskets Light (Channel Islands) and reached its height at the middle of the month, when there was a large influx at St. Catherine’s Light (Hampshire) on the 12th/13th and at the Eddystone Light (Corn- wall) on the 14th/]5th, while a few birds were seen at Hanois Light (Channel Islands) on the 15th/16th. After this no further records were received until the 26th/27th, when a few birds were noted at the Caskets and St. Catherine’s Lights on the 27th/28th. ma 11th/12th. Cromer Jt. (Norfolk), a few. », lOth/llth. Skerries Lt. (Anglesey), a flock. » 12th/13th. Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), many. , isth/l4th. Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), about twenty ; Skerries Lt., a few. ,, 15th to dlst. Between Portsmouth (Hampshire) and Chichester (Sussex), a very large flock. » 29th/30th. Altrincham (Cheshire), many passing. ir 175 Feb. Ist/2nd. Spurn Head Lt., several. os 7th. Ackworth, a large flock. » 9th/l0th. Bardsey Lt., several. + 19th. Fakenham (Suffolk), returning to breeding-haunts. » 26th/27th & 27th/28th. Bardsey Lt., a few. March All. Felsted (Essex), large flocks gene, but more than usual staying to breed. ss Ist. Bardsey Lt., a flock on the Island. » drd/4th, 9th/10th | & 11th/i2th. $ 6th/7th. Caskets Lt. (Channel Islands), small flock. 10th/1ith. Cromer Lt., several. 11th to 15th. Mungrisdale (Cumberland), many seen daily. 12th. Lowestoft, a flock to the S.E. 15th, 18th, 20th & 25rd. » 27 th/28th & | 30th/3lst. | Apri! 9th/10th. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v., several. 13th/l4th. Caskets Lt., some. Spurn Head Lt., numbers, especially on 9th/10th. ” Aldringham (Suffolk), passing flocks. Outer Dowsing Lt.-y. (Lincolnshire), numbers. 29 THE DUNLIN (Tringa alpina). { A flock of about fifty spent the winter near Cambridge. - (Cromer Lt. (Norfolk), one. Feb. 8th. Clifton (Lancashire), two passing. 26th/27th. Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), one. Jan, 14th/15th. 9) March 8th. Cambridge, flock much smailer, = 9th. Clifton, two passing. », l1th/12th. Spurn Head Lt., flocks passiug. = 23rd. Aldringham (Suffolk), some arrived. » SF 28th. Cliften, twe passing. 28th/29th. Lynn Well Lt.-y. (Norfolk), six. s 30th. Lowestoft (Suffolk), three passing. April 20th/30th. Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), large numbers, thirty killed, left to S. at dawn, ,, 00th/May 1st. Bardsey Lt., two. May Ist & 9tk. Clifton, a few passing. ord/4th. Skerries Lt. (Anglesey), one. 5th/6th. Bardsey Lt., six. 8th/9th. Oxford, many passing. 19th. Rostherne (Cheshire), one passing. » 20th & 21st. Sutton Coldfield (Warwick), a few passing. 25th. Ulverston (Lancashire), many small parties passing ” ) ”? ”? Ce) THE COMMON REDSHANK (Totanus ealdris). i a a Cambridge, one seen. m 16th. Lowestoft (Suffolk), returned to breeding-haunts. ¥ 20th, Hampton-in-Arden (Warwick), arrival of breeding- birds. 27th. Cambridge, two seen, March 7th/8th. Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), one. * 8th. Cambridge, five seen. 3 17th. Stone (Staffordshire), returned to breeding-ground. fs 23rd. Thornton-le-Dale (Yorkshire) and Forvery (Bedford), returned to breeding-haunts. ” Neate Mungrisdale (Cumberland), three seen. AXyarnll hil, Great Fakenham (Suffolk), two seen. 90 10th. Cheltenham (Gloucester), about twenty seen. op 12th. Rampside (Barrow-in-Frrness), numbers seen. » 13th/l4th. Caskets Lt. (Channel Islands), a few. 2 17th. Ulverston (Lancashire), some passing at night. 9 20th, Harrow (Middlesex), one passing; Stone, ten pairs breeding (increase). ” 24th. Cheltenham, eight seen. 26th. Barnard Castle (Yorkshire), some nesting. May 22nd. Sutton Coldfield (Warwick), two seen. THE CURLEW (Numenius arquata). Jan. 11th/12th & i l4th/15th. Cromer It. (Norfolk), some. » 12th/13th & |g Feb. Ist/2nd. { Keb. ~ 10th. Grasmere (Westmoreland), some flying N. $6) 20th. Otterburn (Northumberland), first seen. », 26th/27th & purn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), many. Bardsey Li, (Carnarvon), some. 27th/28th. March Ist. Tring (Herts), one passing. ; Qnd. ‘Leek (Staffordshire), four near breeding-ground. 6 ord. Oxford, a few passing at night. 3rd/4th, 4th/5th, 9th/1Oth, Spurn Head Lt., several, most on 9th/10th. & 11th/12th. 8th. Leek, ten near breeding-grounds. », llth to 23rd. Mungrisdale (Cumberland), a few daily. a a oe ee March 12th. 9) 13th. 14th. 17th. 18th. 23rd. 28th/29th. 30th. 30th/31st. Ik Lowestoft (Suffolk), two to E. Oare (Devon), returned to breeding-grounds. Goathland (Yorkshire), returned to breeding-grounds. Otterburn, usual nunibers. Silverdale (Lancashire), a creat influx during the night. Thornton-le-Dale (Yorkshire), returned to the moors. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v. (Lincolnshire), numbers. Knutsford (Cheshire), one passing; Aldringham (Suffolk), many passing at night. Spurn Heed Lt., a few; Outer Dowsing Lt.-v., numbers. », olst/April Ist. Aldringham, many passing; Cromer Lt., large April Ist/2nd. 99 ” ” 99 I) April ? 5) eM) ct 9 2nd/d3rd. 8th/9th. 9th/10th. 13th/14th. 26th. 27th. flock to 8S. Battle (Sussex), two flocks passing at 10 p.m. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v., five. Morecambe Bay Lt.-v. (Lancashire), a flock. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v., several; Reading (Berks), numbers passing. Bardsey Lt., some. Barnard Castle (Yorkshire), nesting; Portsmouth (Hampshire), heard passing. Langstone Harbour (Hampshire), a large flock resting. THE WHIMBREL (Numenius pheopus). 20th. 21st. 2nd & 23rd. 26th. » 28th & 30th. ” >) 29th. 30th. May Ist to 4th. 9 Ist. 2nd. 4th/5th. 6th. 6th/7th. 7th. 10th. 14th. 14th/15th. Bowdon (Cheshire), one or two heard. Dee Estuary (Cheshire), three passing; Penrhyn- deudraeth (Merioneth), one seen. Conway Estuary (Carnarvon), three passing. Romney Marsh (Kent), two seen. Penrhyn-deudraeth (Merioneth), a few seen. Ferryside (Carmarthen), two. Havant (Hampshire), one heard at night. Penrhyn-deudraeth, several seen daily. Wells (Norfolk), three seen. Havant, six; Bradfield (Essex), thirteen ; Lowestoft (Suffolk), a few. Caskets Lt. (Channel Islands), a few. Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), a few on the Island. Caskets Lt., two flocks. Bradfield, two seen. Swanage (Dorset), one seen. Lowestoft (Suffoll), five going N. Bardsey Lt., one. 178 THE LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULL (Larus fuscus). March 15th. Pevensey (Sussex), flocks passing. 18th. Krskine Ferry (Clyde), first seen. mo 22nd. Greenock (Clyde), plentiful. » 24th & 26th. Otterburn (Northumberland), several passing. April 12th. Marbury (Cheshire), one seen. vs 21st. Bowdon (Cheshire), several passing. », 27th & 80th. Bowdon, three passing. May 10th. Hornsea (Yorkshire), three passing. ig ISOLATED RECORDS AND SINGLE OBSERVATIONS. Tur Mistie-Turusu (Turdus viscivorus). Several, Morecambe Bury Lt.-v. (Lancashire), February 8th/9th; single birds Killed, Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), 13th/14th, and Caskets Lt. (Channel Islands), 24th/25th, March 5th/6th and 9th/10th; small flock, Sidmouth (Devon), April 6th. Tur Aupine Rine-Ovuzen (Turdus ¢. alpestris). Female shot, near Brighton (Sussex), March 29th. THe Eastern Desert-WHEATEAR (Saxtcola deserti albifrons). Male shot, Scotney, Romney Marsh (Kent), May 21st. Tur Buack Repsvart (Ruticilla titys). Single birds seen, Penge (Surrey), February 20th, Lowestoft (Suffolk), March 28rd, and Conway Estuary (Carnarvon), 24th; three, Padstow (Cornwall), March 20th. Tus Repsreast (Lrithacus rubecula). One, Outer Dowsing Lt.-v. (Lincoln), March 29th ; one, Caskets Lt. (Channel Islands), 31st. Tue Firr-crrsteD WReEN (Regulus ignicapillus). A pair (winter- residents), last seen Tunbridge Wells (Kent), January 10th ; one seen, Clifton (Gloucester), February 16th. THe HepGe-Sparrow (Accentor modularis). One seen, Caskets Lt. (Channel Islands), February 11th. Tut ComMon WREN (Troglodytes parvulus). One, Bardsey Lt. (Car- narvon), and two, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), April 80th/May Ist. THE Grey Waaerait (Motacilla melanope). One seen, Ambleside (Westiuoreland), March 3rd; last seen, Felsted (Issex), oth ; two pairs, mated, Leek (Staffordshire), 12th; a pair, Llangollen (Denbigh), 16th; one, Goathland (Yorkshire), 22nd; pair arrived, Otterburn (Northumberland), 26th, increase 27th and 28th ; two still in winter quarters, Marbury (Cheshire), April 6th; one, Bowdon (Cheshire), 14th. Tue Buur-HHArED WaaGrtaiL (Motacilla flava). Single bird seen, Thanet (HE. Kent), April 14th and 15th; one seen, Llandudno 180 (Carnarvon), 25th, and a pair on 27th; a pair seen, Seaton (S. Devon), May 26th. THE GrEY-HEADED WaGrTaIL (Motacilla flava thunbergi). One, Isle of May (Fife), May 16th. THe Rep-raroatep Prpir (Anthus cervinus). Two males shot, Hooe (Sussex), May 22nd. Tue Rocx-Prpir (Anthus obscwrus). One, Hanois Lt. (Channel Islands), February 28th/March Ist; four, Caskets Lt. (Channel Islands), March Ist/2nd; several, Kentish Knock Lt.-v. (Essex), 3rd/4th ; one, Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), 24th/25th. THE GOLDEN ORIOLE (Oriolus galbula). Heard, Tresco (Scilly Isles), May 9th. THe Great GREY SHRIKE (Lanius excubitor). One seen, Skelman- thorpe (Yorkshire), April 17th. Tur Waxwine (Ampelis garrulus). One seen, Thornton-le-Dale (York- shire), March 17th to 23rd; one seen, Ambleside ( Westmore- land), April 25rd, and two on 24th. Tur GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chloris). Five, Caskets Lt. (Channel Islands), February 11th ; first spring flock seen, Cambridge, 24th, increase on 25th; several, Caskets Lt., March 13th; flocks coasting 8., Lowestoft (Suffolk), March 30th, and April 2nd; a few flying N.W., Kentish Knock Lt.-v. (Essex), April lst; a few flocks coasting N., Lowestoft, 20th ; several, Caskets Lt., 25th. Tur GotpFined (Carduelis elegans). About sixty passing, S.H. Suffolk coast, and many arriving, Wells (Somerset), April 6th. Tue Siskin (Chrysomitris spinus). Thirty seen, Winsford (Cheshire), January 19th; flock (12), New Forest (Hants), April 5th; one Woodford (Essex), 6th; flock of thirty, Delamere (Cheshire), 12th; a pair, Aldringham (Suffolk), 15th. Tue CrossBitt (Lowa curvirostra). Three, Aldringham (Suffolk), February 4th, and a pair on March 22nd; one, Oxshott (Surrey), April 27th. THE Yrettow Buntine (Lmberiza citrinella). Last flock seen, Cam- bridge, February 27th ; single birds, Caskets Lt. (Channel Islands), April 8th/9th, Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), 10th/11th, and Outer Gabbard Lt.-v. (Suffolk), 21st. Tue Crrt Buntine (L£mberiza cirlus). One seen, Melton Mowbray (Leicester), February 16th; three, Felsted (Essex), March 29th. Tur Reep-Buntine (Lmberiza scheniclus). One, Bardsey Lt. (Car- narvon), February 27th/28th ; large arrivals of males, Lowestoft (Suffolk), March 23rd, and Snape (Suffolk), 24th. THE Snow-Buntine (Plectrophenax nivalis). Two flocks coasting S8., Cullercoats (Northumberland), January llth; a few coasting S., Cullercoats, February 2nd; sixteen seen, Lowestoft (Suffolk), March 12th, two on 13th and four on 15th; ten seen, Thorpe Mere (Suffolk), 20th. ee 181 Tur Carrion-Crow (Corvus cerone). One seen, Tresco (Scilly Isles), April 6th. Hoopror (Upupa epops). One seen constantly, New Milton (fants), March 23rd to April 3rd ; two seen, Freshwater (Isle of Wight), in April. THE SHORT-FARED OwL (Asio accipitrinus), One seen, Oare (Devon), April 11th. Tur Marsu-Harrier (Circus @ruginosus). One seen, Rostherne (Cheshire), May 4th and 5th. THe Honey-Buzzarp (Pernis apivorus). One, Lerwick (Shetland), May 25th. THE PEREGRINE Fatcon (Falcon peregrinus). Two seen, Romney Marsh (Kent), March @th; one passing, Oare (Devon), 18th. THE GREENLAND Fatcon (Falco candicans), Single birds seen or shot on Barra (Outer Hebrides), February 21st and March 24th, on Bartragh Island (co. Mayo), March 2nd and May 4th, on Unst (Shetland), March 15th, at Tresco (Scilly Isles), March 20th, 21st, 80th, and April 6th, on Colonsay (Argyll), March 31st, and at Dungiveen (co. Derry), April 13th. Tue IceLanp Fatcon (Falco islandus). One, Barra (Outer Hebrides), March 31st. THE Hoxssy (Falco subbuteo). One shot, Beaulieu (Hants), May 6th ; pair seen, Aldershot (Hants), 11th; one seen, Sunningdale (Berks), 22nd. THe Meriin (Falco esalon). Single birds seen, Canford (Dorset), March 2nd, Oare (Devon), 19th, and Lowestoft (Suffolk), May 3lst. THe Kestrren (Faleo tinnuneulus). Single birds, Caskets Lt. (Channel Islands), March 13th and May 11th. Tue Gannet (Sula bassana). Several flying §., South Stack Lt. (Anglesey), March 7th and 15th. : Toe Common Heron (Ardea cinerea). Two, trying to fly out to sea E., failed, and turned 8., Lowestoft (Suffolk), April 17th. Tur Seuacco Hrron (Ardea ralloides). Male seen, Butt of Lewis (Outer Hebrides), June 5th. Tue Birrern (Botaurus stellaris). One shot, near Yarmouth (Norfolk), January 18th. THe WHITE Srork (Céconia alba). One seen (one leg broken), near Bampton (Somerset), April 19th. THe Spoonsitt (Platalea leucorodia). Two, Breydon (Norfolk), May Ist. THe WHOOPER (Cygnus musicus). One seen, Romney Marsh (Kent), March 9th. Bewicxk’s Swan (Cygnus bewickr). Three seen (one shot), Claverley (Shropshire), in January. 182 Grry Grersn (Anser sp.?). Fifty flying S., Ambleside (Westmoreland), January 14th ; 100 flying N., Cartmel (Cumberland), February 8th, and fifty toS.on 11th; many flying N., Grasmere (Westmoreland), 10th, and to 8. on 28th; large flock flying N.E., Lydiard Milli- cent (Wilts), 28th; two (Grey Lags) seen, Great Fakenham (Suffolk), and three (Pink-footed), the last of winter-residents, Neston (Cheshire), April 8th; ten winter-residents (White- fronted) departed, Tresco (Scilly Isles), May 1st. THE BrRNACLE GoosE (Bernicla leucopsis). One shot, Yarmouth (Norfolk), January 16th; two seen, Great Fakenham (Suffolk), April 8th. THE Brent GocsE (Bernicda brenta). Large flocks arrived on Sussex coast after gales in January; one caught, Burton-on-Trent (Derby), January 9th; many coasting S., Yarmouth (Norfollx), 10th, and to N. on 18th; two flying §., Cullercoats (Northumber- land), 11th, and some to N. on 18th. Tur Common Suetp-Duck (Yudorna cornuta). Two pairs, Dee Marshes (Cheshire), April 8th; eight seen, Barrow-in-Furness (Lancashire), 9th, increase on 10th; seven flying N.E., Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), 18th. THE SHOVELER (Syatula clypeata). One seen, Tatton Mere (Cheshire), February 6th; none, Romney Marsh (Kent), March 9th, twelve pairs on 14th, fifteen pairs on 21st, and four pairs (residents) on April 26th ; one, Dungeness (Kent), and three pairs, Rye Har- bour (Sussex), March 20th. Tur Pinta (Dafila acuta). Male seen, Chingford (Hssex ), January 26th and February 2nd; none, Romney Marsh (Kent), March 9th, two pairs on 21st: a pair, Rye Harbour (Sussex), 14th. THe Tran (Ne/tion crecca). None, Romney Marsh (Kent), March 9th, eight pairs on 14th, eighty birds on 21st. Tur Pocuarp (Fuligula ferina). One, Sutton Coldfield (Warwick), January 12th, gone on 18th; Lingay Fen (Cambridge), none in January, a pair, February 13th, and gone by end of month; one passing, Cambridge, March 8th. Tue Ferrvueinous Duck (Fuligula nyroca). One seen, Poa Marsh (Kent), May 21st. THe GoLpEN-KYE (Clangula eee Four, Marbury Mere (Cheshire), January 12th, eleven on 26th, six on February 9th, and seven on 17th; three, Tatton Mere (Cheshire), February 9th, and two on 28rd; two, Rostherne (Cheshire), March 50th; three, Oakmere (Cheshire), April 12th; eleven, Hickling (Norfolk), 13th; pair, passing, Thirlmere (Cumberland), 25th; one, near Bowdon (Cheshire), 27th. THE Common Ermer (Somateria mollssima). Two males seen, Colwyn Bay (Denbigh), March 15th. THE Tur THE THE THE THE TuE THE THE THE THE THE THE 183 Common Scorer (Cdemia nigra). Five, Marbury (Cheshire), April 5th. GoosaNDER (Mergus merganser). Eight, Otterburn (Northumber- land), March 16th ; a pair, Llyn Ogwen (Anglesey), April 2nd. Rep-Breasten Mereanser (Mergus serrator). Adult male flying N., Cullereoats (Northumberland), February 12th; three, Brad- field (Essex), March 18th, and a pair on 20th; eight, Tresco (Scilly Isles), 26th, two on 27th, and four on April 5th. Rine-Dove (Columba palumbus). Large influx, Lydiard Millicent (Wilts), January 28th and 3lst; one, Morecambe Bay Lt.-v. (Lancashire), February 10th/11th; large influx, Felsted (Hssex}, Mareh Ist to 14th, decrease 25rd; three arrived from sea, S.E. Suffolk coast, 17th; four or five arrived from 8.E., three lots coasted S., Suffolk coast, April 2nd; large numbers seen, Wells (Somerset), 20th; one, Caskets Lt. (Channel Islands), 24th/25th. QuaiL (Coturnix communis). Three, Ciliau Aeron (Cardigan) May 26th. MoorHeN (Gallinula chloropus). Single birds taken, Skerries Lt. (Anglesey), March 29th/30th, and Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), April 9th/10th and May 5th/6th. Coot (Fulica atra). Increase, Cambridge, between January 21st and February 5th, decrease between 27th and March 8th. CREAM-COLOURED CouRSER (Cursorius gallicus), A pair shot, Jury Gap, Romney Marsh (Kent), February 21st. BULACK-WINGED PRraATINCOLE (Glareola nordmanni). Male shot, Iiye (Sussex), April 30th, a pair on May Ist, ard a female on the 35rd. Dorrrret (Ludromias morinellus). Many (two killed), Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), April 30th/May Ist, and a few, May 4th/5th; one seen, Mull of Galloway (Wigtown), 5rd. RiIncED PLOVER (4gialitis hiaticula), Returned to breeding- haunts, N.W. Suffolk, February 10th, and Otterburn (Northum- berland), March 80th; five, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), February 26th/27th ; passing birds, Cambridge, 27th and March 8th, Marbury (Cheshire), April 26th, Portsmouth (Hants), 26th/27th and 27th/28th, Clifton (Lancashire), 28th. Grey PuLover (Sguatarola helvetica). Four, Littlehampton (Sussex), April Ist; one, Lowestoft (Suffolk), 5th; numbers, Cromer Lt. (Norfolk), 29th/30th; one, Hilean Mor (Outer Hebrides), June 10th. Avocet (Recurvirostia avocetta). Four seen, Stonehouse (Glou- cester), in March. THE Woopcock (Scolopaxr rusticula). One, Caskets it. (Channel Islands), March 4th; one, Hurst Lt. (Hanis), 26th/27th; one seen, 184 Leiston (Suffolk), 29th ; several, Outer Dowsing Lt.-v. (Lincoln), 30th/31st; one, Aldringham (Suffolk), 31st, and five on April Ist; afew, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), 10th/11th. Tur Common SyipEe (Gallinago celestis). Five, Bardsey Lt. (Car- narvon), January 13th/14th; large increase, Shropshire, 15th and 14th, all gone 16th; one, Bardsey Lt., March 7th/8th and April 9th/10th; one, Skerries Lt. (Anglesey), March 29th/80th ; few, passing, Wells (Somerset), 30th. Tar Jack Snipe (Crallinago gallinula). Several, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), January 12.h/18th; five, Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), 13th/14th, and one, March 29th/30th ; one seen, Hickling (Nor- folk), April 8th and 14th, two on 19th and 20th; one, Hanois Lt. (Channel Islands), April 8th/9th; three seen, Oswestry (Shrop- shire), 22nd. Tun Lirrie Srint (Tringa minuta). Four, Littlehampton (Sussex), April Ist. Tur Kwnor (Zringa canutus). Many, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), January 12th/13th, and ten, February 1st/2nd; one, Irwell Valley (Lancashire), 8th; forty, Lynn Well Lt.-v. (Norfolk), 9th/l0th; fifteen, passing, Castletown (Isle of Man), March 25th and 26th, and five on May 11th; one, Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), March 29t/30th. THE SPOTTED SANDPIPER (Tiingotdes macularius). Pair shot, Pevensey Sluice (Sussex), May 23rd and 24th. THE GREEN SANDPIPER ( Totanus ochropus). Single birdsseen orshot, Kir- kintilloch (Dumbarton), January 9th, two, Northwich (Cheshire) 12th, Marbury (Cheshire), February 9th, Northwich, April 6th, Bradfield (Essex), two, 22nd, 25rd, and one May 15th. Tue Bar-TaiLep Gopwir (Limosa lapponica). One, caught on a boat in the North Sea, May 10th. Tur Brack TERN (Hydrochehdon nigra). ‘Ten, Bradfield (Essex), and two, Wey bourne (Norfolk), April 21st; six, Bradfield, 22nd; one, Marbury (Cheshire), 26th ; two, Marbury, May 14th; two, flying W., Eilean Mor (Outer Hebrides), 23rd; three, Leek (Stafford- shire), and two, Skipworth (Yorkshire), 25th. THE GULL-BILLED TERN (Sterna anglica). One picked up, Pentland Skerries, May 7th; male shot, Winchelsea (Sussex), June 18th, a female on the 21st, and a second male on the 23rd. Tue Caspian TERN (Sterna caspia). Male shot, Rye Bay (Sussex), June 4th. Tur Sanpwich Tern (Steria cantiaca). A few passing, Padstow (Cornwall), March 18th; first arrivals, Ravenglass (Cumberland), 26th, increase 28th; one passing, Lea Valley (Herts), May 3rd; many passing, S.E. Suffolk coast, 4th; three, Conway Estuary, 21st. ———T 185 Tue Arctic TERN (Sterna macrura). Many passing, S.E. Suffolk coast, April 28th to 30th; three seen, Llandudno (Carnarvon) 29th ; large numbers flying N., Dungeness (Kent), during week ending May 18th. Tue Buack-HEADED Guu (Larus ridibundus). Increase, near Cam- bridge, February 19th and 25th, and Otterburn (Northumber- land), March 26th; thirty seen, Oswestry (Shropshire), April 6th, and five on 16th. Tur HWerrinc-Guut (Larus argentatus). Parties flying N., Shrewsbury (Shropshire), May 15th. Tun Icenanp Gut (Larus leucopterus). One seen, Minehead (Somerset), April 15th and 14th. THe Common GuiLLEemot (Ura troile). Seen in numbers for the first time, South Stack (Anglesey), February 9th; one caught, Thornton-le-Dale (Yorkshire), A pril 9th. Tun Purrin (Fratercula arctica). First seen, Tresco (Scilly Isles), March 24th, increase on 27th, all left again on April 6th. Tue Lrrrte Auk (Mergulus alle). Two seen, Outer Dowsing Lt.-v. (Lincoln), January 20th ; single birds picked up on Northumber- land coast on the 21st, 29th, and February 17th. THe Great NortHERN Diver (Colymbus glacialis). Three seen, Sidmouth (Devon), April 16th and 17th, and one on 19th. Tue Great CRESTED GREBE (Podicipes cristatus). One arrived, Sutton Coldfield (Warwick), February 9th, and a second on 16th; a pair seen, Colwyn Bay (Denbigh), May 17th. Tun RED-NECKED GREBE (Podicipes griseigena). Adult seen, Tring (Herts), March 16th. , Tus Harep Grebe (Podicipes nigricollis), One seen, Hickling (Norfolk), April 14th and 15th. Tue Manx SHEARWATER (Puffinus anglorum). A few seen, Scilly Isles, March 21st, and numbers on 27th; two, Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), March 29/30th and April 29th/30th, and single birds, 9th/10th and 24th/25th. 186 DETAILS OF THE CHIEF MOVEMENTS OBSERVED AT THE LIGHT- 4th/5th. oth/6th. 7th, 9th/10th. 10th/11th. 11th/12th. 12th/13th. 13th/14th. STATIONS DURING THE SPRING OF 19138. Cromer Lt.—Two Starlings flying S. at 8.10 a.m, and a flock of Sky-Larks at 9.80 a.m. Wind §.8.W. 3. Bardsey L[t.—Six Blackbirds between 12 and 4 a.m. Wind E.N.E. 2. Overcast, rain. Skerries Lt.—Ywo Blackbirds at midnight. Wind &. 3. Rain. New Moon. Cromer It.—A Starling at 12.40 a.m. and some Lap- wings at 6.20 am. Wind E.S.E. 7. Overcast, misty. Skerries Lt,—Two Blackbirds and a flock of Lapwings at3amM. Wind §.8.E. 3. Overcast. Cromer Lt.—A few “ Plovers” and Curlews at 3.30 a.m, Wind E.S.E. 7. Spurn Head Lt.—Large flocks of Fieldfares, Blackbirds, Starlings, Golden Plovers, Lapwings, Knots and Cur- lews, with a few “ Thrushes” and Jack Snipes, from 7.30 p.m. to dawn. Wind 8.W. to W. 4. Fog and mist. Bardsey Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds, Star- lings, Lapwings, Common and Jack Snipes from 3 to 5aM. WindS.4 Cloudy. Skerries Lt,—Six Song-Thrushes and a few Lapwings atdamM. WindS.H. 5. Rain. Jan. Feb. 99 14th/15th. 15th. 16th/17th. 17th/18th. 22nd. 28th/29th. 29th. 30th. Ist/2nd. 2nd/3rd. 4th/5th. 187 Cromer Lt.—Several Dunlins and Curlews at 2 15 a.m. Wind §.8.E. 5. Overcast, rain. Skerries Lt.—A. Sky-Lark at midnight. Wind 8.S.E. 4, Drizzle. Moon, First Quarter. Cromer Lt.—A Starling at 3.50 a.m. Calm. Overcast. Skerries ILt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings at 3a.M. Wind 8.8.E. 2. Skerries Lt.—Two Golden Plovers at 3 a.m. Wind S. 4. Clear. Full Moon. Skerries Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Sky-Larks at 2 a.m. and Starlings at 4 a.m. Wind S.S.W. 3. Cloudy. Moon, Last Quarter. Morecambe Lt.-v.—Six “ Wild Ducks” flying W. and several flocks of Sky-Larks to the S.E. Caskets Lt,—A few Redwings at midnight. Wind W. 6. Clear. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Sky-Larks at 9.30 p.m. Wind N.W. 2. Overcast, rain. Spurn Head Lti—A few Lapwings, Dunlins, Knots, Curlews and “ Kittiwakes” between 6.30 and 11.35 pu. Wind 8.8S.W. 3 to S.W. 6. Cloudy, misty, fog at times. Winterton Lt.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks from 4to430 am. Wind N. 4. Cloudy, misty. Caskets Lt.—A few Redwings at 11 p.m. Wind W. 6. Clear. Caskets Lt.—A few Blackbirds at5 a.m. Wind W.S.W.5. Clear. Winterton Lti—A few Song-Thrushes and Starlings at lam. Wind S.W. 5. Cloudy. Caskets It.—A few Song-Thrushes, Starlings and Sky-Larks between 10.380 p.m. and 2 a.m, Wind S.W.3toS. 3. Overcast. N2 Feb. 4th/5th. (contd.). 5th. 5th/6th. 6th. 7th/8th. 8th/9th. 9th/10th. 188 Eddystone It.—A few Song-Thrushes and Blackbirds before midnight. Wind 8.W. 3. to W.S.W. 3. Clear. Hanois Lt.—Vhree Song-Thrushes and a Blackbird at 34M. Wind 8.3. Dark. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Sky-Larks at 11.40 p.m. Wind W.S.W. 3. Clear. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A few Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Laris from 8 to 10 p.m. Wind 8.W. 3. Overcast. Winterton It.—A few Starlings at 3.30 am. Wind S.W. 4. Cloudy, misty. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A Song-Thrush on board at noon. Wind S.W. 4. Clear. A few Song-Thrushes, Starlings, Sky-Larks and “Plovers” before and after midnight. Wind W.S.W. 2 toS.W.4. Drizzle to clear. Spurn Head Lt,— A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Sky-Larks between 9.40 and 11.65 pw. Wind S.S.W.6 to W. 4. Cloudy. New Moon. Caskets Lt.—A few Sky-Larks at 2 a.m. Wind W. by INA Clean: Morecambe Bay ULt.-v.—Several Mistle-Thrushes at 1 a.m. and Starlings at 4.80 a.m. Wind 8.8.W. 7 to8toS.W.6. Clear to overcast, rain. Bardsey Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds, Star- lings, Sky-Larks and Lapwings from 12 to 6 a.m. Wind S.W. 4. Overcast, rain. Caskets [t.—A few Song-Thrushes and Sky-Laiks from | 1tol15 a.m. Wind 8.8. 5. Clear. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Sky-Larks at 9.80 p.m. Wind W.S.W. 2. Overcast, misty. Lynn Well Lt.-v.—A few Song-Thrushes and Knots at 3 a.M., left to N.W. Wind S. 2, Overcast, rain, Feb. 9th/10th. ? ” ” 9 ” (contd.). 10th/11th. 11th. 11th/12th, 12th. 12th/13th. 189 Morecambe Bay Lt.-v.—A few Song-Thrushes, Black- birds, Starlings and Sky-Larks between 1 and 4.20 a.m. Wind 8.8.If, 2 to 3. Overcast, misty, rain. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks from 12 to 2.45 aM. and a Song-Thrush at 6.30 a.m, Wind S. 3 to S.W. 38. Overcast, rain to drizzle. Skerries It.—Many Starlings with a few Song- Thrushes and Blackbirds between 10.80 and 11.45 pm. Wind 8.8.E. 2 to §.E. 2. Cloudy to rain. Caskets Lii—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds, Star- lings and Sky-Larks at 4.80 am. Wind 8.8.E. 3. C'ear. Lynn Well Lt.-v.—A few Song-Thrushes and Sky- Larks at 12.30 am. Wind S.S.W.1. Thick fog. Morecambe Bay Lt.-v..-Many “Thrushes,” Starlings and Sky-Larks at 1 a.m. and a Ring-Dove at 1.20 a.m. Wind 8.8.E. 1. Fog. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Several Starlings and Sky- Larks all night. Wind W.2. Fog. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes and Sky-Larks between 10.80 and 12 p.m. Wind S.W.3. Misty. Caskets Lt.—A few Greeufinches and “ Linnets” on the rock at 9 a.m. and Chaffinches flying N.W. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Sky-Larks at 7.20 and 9.45 p.m. Wind 8,S.E. 2 to 3. Fog. Kentish Knock Lt.-v—A few Sky-Larks at 9.20 a.m. and Starlings at 940 a.m., flying N.W. Calm. Cloudy, misty. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks } between 9 P.M. and 3 a.m. Wind, variable, 0 to 1. Overcast. St. Catherines Lt.—Many Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings from 4 to6 a.m. Wind E.1. Overcast, St. Tudwal Lt—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings from 4 a.m. to dawn. Wind §.W. 1, Fog. Feb, 12th/13th. (contd.). es 138th. 13th/14th. * 14th. 14th/15th. 190 Skerries Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes at 4 a.m. Wind Shell, Gh lalavaye Spurn Head Lt—A few Sky-Larks between 7 and 9p.mM. WindS.E. 2. Foe. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few “Crows” at 10.30 and Starlings at 11 a.m, flying N.W. Wind, variable. Cloudy, misty. Bardsey Lt.—Many Blackbirds and Starlings, with a few Song-Thrushes and Sky-Larks and a Mistle- Thrush from 1 to7 4.m. Wind W.S.W. 2. Over- east, hazy. Eddystone Lt.—Your Blackbirds after midnight. Wind N.W. 3. Clear. FE: Kentish Knock ILt.-v.—A few Starlings at 2.50 a.m. Wind, variable, 1. Lundy North Lt.—Many Song-Thrushes and Black- birds from 5 to6 a.m. Wind N.N.W. 2. Hazy. Morecambe Bay Lt.-v.—A few Song-Thrushes, Star- lings and Sky-Larks from 2.10 to 3.20 a.m. Wind W.N.W. 2 to W. 2. Overcast. St. Tudwal Lt—Many Starlings, with a few Song- Thrushes and Blackbirds from 4 a.m. to dawn. Wind S. 1. Overcast, hazy. Skerries Lt—A few Sky-Larks at 180 a.m. Wind S.E. 4. Hazy. S. Stack Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Sky-Larks at 3 a.m. Wind 8.8.W. Overcast. Moon, First Quarter. Bardsey Lt.—A few Blackbirds, Starlings, and Sky- Larks from 8 to 4 a.m. Wind E.N.E. 1. Clear. Eddystone Li,-—Large numbers of Blackbirds and a few Song-Thrushes and Sky-Larks after midnight. Wind S.H. 2. Overcast. St. Tudwal Lt—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings at 3 a.m. Calm. Overcast, slight haze. we ae Feb. 15th/16th. 16th/17th. 21st. 24th. 24th/25th. 25th/26th. 26th/27th, OME Bardsey Li.—A few Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky- Larks from 4.80 to5 a.m. Wind S.E. 3. Clear. Hanois Lt,—A few Blackbirds at 5 a.m., a “Thrush ” and a Blackbird on the roof at dawn. Wind E. 2. Dark, passing rain. Skerries Li.—A few Starlings at 3 a.m. Wind S.S.E. 4. Drizzle. Full Moon. Cromer LIt.—A large flock of “Crows” flying N. Wind 8. 4. Cloudy, misty. Caskets Lt.—A few Blackbirds and Starlings and a Mistle-Thrush from 9 to 9.15 p.m. Wind S.E. 6. Clear. Spurn Head Lt.—Starlings passing, apparently S.W., from 24.M. to dawn. Wind S.2. Cloudy, misty. Caskets Lt.—A few Starlings at 8.40 pm. Wind S.S.E. 5. Clear. Bardsey Lt.—Large numbers of Starlings, a few Song- Thrushes, Redwings, Blackbirds, Sky-Larks, Lap- wings and Curlews from 8 to 12 p.m. Wind W.N.W. 2. Overcast, rain. Caskets Li.—A few Blackbirds and Starlings at 9 P.M. and] a.m. Wind N.E. 4. Clear. Cromer Lt.—A. few Starlings and a Sky-Lark from 5 to 5.30 a.m. Wind §.W. 2 to W.4. Overcast, misty. St. Catherines Lt.—A Pied Wagetail at 10.30 P.m., a Blackbird, a Starling and a Sky-Larik at 2 a.m. Wind N.N.E. 2 to N.E. 1. Cloudy. St. Tudwal Lt.—A few Blackbirds at 3 a... Wind N.N.W. 1. Overcast to cloudy. _ Skerries Lt.—Large numbers cf Starlings. Spurn Head Lt.—Stariings and Sky-Larks passing all night, a Dunlin at 11.55 p.m. and a Ringed Plover at 4.104.M. Wind 8. 2 to W.5 to W.N.W. 4. Misty, cloudy. Feb. 27th. » 2fth/28th. 28th. 9) 192 Moon, Last Quarter. Bardsey Lt.—WLarge numbers of Blackbirds and Star- lings, many Song-Thrushes, a few Lapwings and Curlews, a Stonechat and a Reed-Bunting from 1to6a.m. Wind 8.E. 2. Overcast. Hanois [t.—Two Starlings at 10p.u. Wind N., 3. Dark. St. Catherine's Lt—A few Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 1 to 2 am. Wind N.N.E. 1, Cloudy. St. Tudwal Li.A few Blackbirds and Starlings at 4am. Wind H. 2. Overcast. S. Stack Lt.—A few Redwings, Blackbirds and Star- lingsat llpm. Wind N.E. 3. Clear. Caskets Lt.—Four flocks of Starlings flying E. » 28th/March Ist. Bardsey Lt—A few Song-Thrushes, Fieldfares, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 10 p.m. to 2am. WindS.W.5. Clear. Caskets Lt.—A few Starlings and two Pied Wagtails between 7 and9 Pm. Wind EK. by 8. 3. Overcast. Hanois Lt.—A few British Song-Thrushes and Star- lings between 11.80 p.m. and 38 a.M., a Rock-Pipit at 4am. Wind EH. 2. Dark. Hurst It—A few “Thrushes” and Starlings at 11.30Pp.m. Wind N.E. 2. Hazy, passing showers. St. Catherines Lt,—Large numbers of Starlings at 2am. Wind H. 2. Cloudy. St. Tudwal Lt.-—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings at 5 a.m. Wind S.4. Overcast. Skerries Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes and Starlings at 10.80 p.m. Winds. 4. Clear. iS, Stack Lt.—A few Starlings at 10 4.m. Wind S. 6. Clear. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Starlings between 8.40 and 10.50 pu. Wind W.2 to 8.4. Overcast to cloudy, misty. March Ist/2nd. ”) ”) ”) ” 2nd/5rd. ord/4th. 4th. 4th/5th. 5th. 5th/6th. 193 Caskets Lt. —A few Starlings between 9 and 9.30 P.M. and at 2 a.m., four Rock-Pipits at 2 am. Wind S.S.E. 5 to S.W. 6. Overcast to rain. Caskets Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Black- birds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 1.39 to 4.30 a.m. Wind 8.W. 5 to 6. Overcast to clear. Cromer It.-—Several “Thrushes,” Sky-Larlks and a Chaffinch after midnight. Wind 8. 4, Clear. Hurst Lt— Many Blackbirds and Starlings at 2 a.m. Wind 8.W. 2. Dark, passing showers. Caskets Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes and Redwings at 12.30 a.m. Large numbers of birds heard passing Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Many Sky-Larks and a few Song-Thrushes, Redwings and Rock-Pipits. Wind W.S.W. to W. 38. Cloudy, clear. Spurn Head Lt.—Large numbers of Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks, with a few Golden Plovers, Lapwings and Curlews from 10.30 p.m. to dawn, apparently flying S.W. Wind W. to 8.8.W. 3 to 4. Overcast, misty to cloudy. Caskets Lt.—A Woodcock on the rock in the morning. Spurn Head Lt.—Several “Thrushes,” Blackbirds, Hooded Crows and Sky-Larks flying S.W. at 8.50 am. Wind W.S.W. 5. Cloudy, misty, dull. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Song-Thrushes and Sky- Larks. Wind W.S.W. 5. Cloudy, clear. Spurn Head Lt—A few ‘“ Thrushes,” Blackbirds, Starlings and Curlews from 11 p.m. to dawn. Wind S.W. to W.S.W. 5. Cloudy. Newarp Lt.-v.—Twenty-four Starlings flying W. at 10 a.m. Wind W.S.W. 4. Clear. Caskets Lt.—A few Mistle-Thrushes, Redwings and Starlings at9 and 10pm. Wind S.W. 4. Eddystone Lt.—Large numbers of Redwings and Starlings, a flock of Golden Plovers and a few Song-Thrushes from 8 to10 p.m, Wind S.S.W. 6. Drizzle. March 5th/6th. un) 2 99 99 (contd.). 6th/7th. 7th/8th. 8th. 8th/9th. 9th/10th. 194 St. Catherme’s Lt.—Large numbers of Sone-Thrushes all night, a Blackbird and a Sky-Lark at 3 a.m. and many Starlings at 5 at. Wind W.8. Cloudy to overcast. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larls between 11.80 p.m. and 4.15 a.m. Wind S. to W.S.W.7. Oloudy. Bardsey Lt.—A few Song-Thiushes, Redwings, Blacl- birds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 12 to 3 a.m. Wind W.N.W.7. Cloudy. Caskets Lt.—A few Redwings and Starlings at 10 P.M. and Lapwings at 1 am. Wind8S.W.6. Clear. Spurn Head Lt—A few Starlings at 24m. Wind W.3. Clear sky with clouds, misty. Bardsey Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Star- lings and Sky-Larks, a Common Snipe and a Red- shank between 12 and 44.m. Wind N.4. Clear. Caskets Lt.—A few Redwings and Starlings at 8 p.m. Wind N.N.W. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Sky-Larks from 1 to 5aM. Wind N.W.4. Cloudy, clear. Newarp Lt.-v.—Four Sky-Larks at 11 pw. Wind W.6. Clear. New Moon. S. Stack Lt—A few Blackbirds and Starlings from 8tol2p.m. Wind W.5. Overcast, clear. Spurn Head Lt.—A few “Thrushes,” Blackbirds and Starlings from 12 to 3.60 a.m. Wind W. 2. Cloudy, misty. Caskets Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes and Starlings with single Mistle-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Meadow- Pipits from 9 p.m. to 4 am. Wind W.S.W. 6. Clear. Newarp Lt.-v.—Twelve Blackbirds flying N.W. at 6am, Wind W.5to 6, Clear, 31st. Fairlie (Ayr), great numbers; Breydon, several. Sept. 4th to 14th. Spurn Head (Yorkshire), many. % 12th: Tarbatness, great numbers. ss 15th. Isle of Man, several. , 16th to 18th. Kent, four on coast. ‘i 29th. Cheshire, fifty to sixty. Oct. Ist to 2nd. Spurn Head, many. THE WOODCOCK (Scolopax rusticola). Sept. 27th. East Yorkshire, first arrival. Oct. 2nd/3rd. St. Catherine’s Lt. (Hampshire), one. » ord, Yorkshire, one on coast. , ord/4th. Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), three. % 4th. Suffolk, first arrival. D 10th. Lincoln, first arrival. 4 14th. Surrey, one. 53 20th. Northumberland, one arrived from the east. 45 22nd. Suffolk, a few arrived. 3 24th. Devon, first arrival. 5 27th. Warwick, first arrival. », 27th/28th. Shipwash Lt.-y. (Suffolk), twenty-six. S 30th. Cardigan, one ; Hants, first arrival. 3 3lst. Staffordshire, first arrival. Nov. Ist. Kent, five. y 2nd. Northumberland, one. 55 5th. Whitby Lt, (Yorkshire), one in the garden. », oOth/6th. South Goodwin Lt.-y. (Kent), two. ‘3 6th. Whitby Lt., one in the garden. » 6th/7th. Kentish Knock Lt.-v. (Essex), one. 5 11th. Northumberland, two. 5H 13th. Yorkshire, three. 5 20th. Yorkshire, seven; Lincoln, many; Devon, a number. “ 30th. Hampshire, increase. 261 THE COMMON SNIPE (Gallinago celestis). Aug. oth & |p Sept. 19th. } Oct. 2nd. Spurn Head (Yorkshire), six passing. drd/4th. Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), two. » lOth/11th. St. Tudwal Lt. (Carnarvon), one. “9 a. Fair Isle, passing. 22nd/23rd. Skerries Lt. (Anglesey), one. 25th. Suffolk, passing. Noy. 4th. Tiree (Argyll), numbers arrived ; Issex, thirty seen. 5 oth. Hssex, all gone. » Oth/6th. Bardsey Lt., three. » 8th/9th. Bardsey Lt., two. 10th. Yorkshire, twenty to thirty. air Isle (Shetland) passing. a 13th. Yorkshire, six or seven. 4 16th. Cambridge, twenty to twenty-five. op 20th. Yorkshire, twelve. 5 28th. Yorkshire, thirty to forty. Dee. Sth. Suffolk, several arrived from sea. oF 18th. Suffolk, large numbers passing. THE JACK SNIPE (Gallinago gallinula). Sepia) 7th. Suffolk, one shot and others seen, 95 8th. Leicester, one shot. i 14th. Corsemalzie (Wigtown), one shot. 5 15th. Tiree (Argyll), one seen. ie 19th. Fair Isle (Shetland), a considerable number. » 19th to 28.d. Noup Head, Fair Isle, Pentland Skerries, Auskerry (Orkney) and Flannan Isles (Outer Hebrides), small arrivals. % 20th. Fair Isle, arrivals on 19th all gone. © 95th. E. Yorkshire, several shot ; Cornwall, two seen, 9? a 3Jth. Holy Island (Northumberland), four. Oct. 2nd. Holy Island, two. 5 ord. Spurn Head (Yorkshire), one resting. », 6thand 7th. Holy Island, one. 5 6th. Cardigan, one. a 7th. Cardigan, three. 8 8th. Suffolk, a fresh arrival. ,, Sth and 9th. Fritton (Suffolk), very large numbers arrived, , 9thand 12th. Holy Island, one. . 21st. Cambridge, one. Noy. Ath, Tiree, numbers. 262 Nov. 5th/6th. Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), one. » 6th/7th. Haisboro’ Lt. (Norfolk), one; Lynn Well Lt.-v. (Nor- folk), many ; Outer Gabbard Lt.-y. (Suttolk), few. », @th/8th. Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), one. , Sth/9th. Bardsey Lt., two. », 14th/l5th. Bardsey Lt., one. 1 16th. Merioneth, one seen. » 20th/21st. Spurn Head Lt., one. - 28th. Stornoway, numbers. Dec. 31st. Suffolk, several on coast. THE DUNLIN (Tringa alpina). An increase in nu ubers in Norfolk on the 2ud of July followed by a decrease on the 4th were the first records of the migratory moyement of this species. Three Dunlins were noted at Fair Isle (Shetland) on the 15th and the departure of the breeding-stock from the Pentland Skerries took place on the 17th. Ou the night of the 15th/16th a single bird was reported at the Outer Dowsing Light-vessel (Lincolnshire). Small numbers arrived on the coast of Sussex on the Ist and 9th of August, and many in Lancashire between the 3rd and 5th. In Suffolk several young birds were observed on the 4th and increased numbers were recorded in Norfolk on the 5th, a further increase took place on the 11th, a decrease on the 24th and an increase again on the 3lst. Dunlins were numerous on the Scilly Isles throughout the month. At Bardsey Light (Carnarvonshire) one occurred on the 6th/7th. In Sevtember many were observed between the 4th and 14th at Spurn Head (Yorkshire). and a few passing birds on the Suffolk coast on the 12th. In Kent numbers were passing on the loth, a large arrival was recorded in the same county on the 16th; these birds passed on the following day and were replaced by a large flock which arrived on the 18th. In Lancashire stragelers were passing throughout the month and many were reported at the Scilly Isles during the same period. Tn October a good many were observed at Spurn Head on the Ist and 2nd, and one at Bardsey Light on the 3rd/4th. In November many were noted on the coast of Lancashire and the following records were received from the lights :—Bardsey Light, eighteen on the 5th/6th, two on the 8th/9th, two on the 14th/15th and three on the 17th/18th; Spurn Head Light, one on the 6th/7th and 10th/11th and a flock on the 28th/29th ; Skerries Light (Anglesey), one on the 8tb/9th. In December large numbers were passing in Suffolk on the 10th, and a single bird occurred on Tair Isle on the 19th. 263 THE CURLEW-SANDPIPER (Tringa subarquata). August. on 2nd. 45 9th. ) 16th. eee 20th: “ 2Ist. » 28th. oF 31st. Sept. 4th. ss oth. - 6th. os 7th. ,», (th to 26th. 3 10th. s 29th. Oct. Ist. 5 6th. % 13th. Dec. 18th. June 2st. iol, 1 1 2ith: 53 15th. Aug. 1st. ye hile ,, 18th/19th. » 24th & 25th. » 26th/27th. 5 dist. Sept. Ist. », oth & 6th. ,» (th to 14th. 8th, 9ih, 10th/l1th & 12th/13th. 14th/15th. 17th. 20th/21st. Es 29th. Oct. lst & 2nd. 7 Suffolk coast, stragglers passing at intervals, Sussex, about fifty arrived on the coast. Sussex, marked decrease. Largo Bay (Fife), passing. Morton Loch (Fife), passing. Fair Isle (Shetland), passing. Southerness (Cumberland), passing. Lancashire, one. Lincolrshire (N.E. coast), many arrived and stayed about a week. Yorkshire, two. Yorkshire, numbers, Suffolk, four. Lancashire, small numbers passing. Yorkshire, one under telegraph-wires, Balgray Dam (Clyde), small party. Lancashire, five or six. Lancashire, two; Balgray Dam, small party. Balgray Dam, one; Lancashire, one. Cairness (Aberdeen), one shot. THE KNOT (Tringa canutus). Largo Bay (Fife), flock of twenty arrived. Breydon (Norfolk), a flock. Largo Bay, an adult seen. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v. (Lincolnshire), one. Lancashire, flocks of two hundred to three hundred. Skerries Lt. (Anglesey), one. Breydon, many. Skerries Lt., many. Breydon, decrease. Suffolk, eight. Yorkshire, many. Yorkshire, immense numbers. Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), a flock. St. Catherine’s Lt. (Hampshire), one. Sussex, a dozen on the coast. Isle of May Lt. (Fife), large numbers. Hilbre Island (Cheshire), many hundreds, Spurn Head, many. 264 Oct. 5th/6th. Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), six. ae Ae Spurn Head Lt., a flock. » 22nd/23rd. Bardsey Lt., one. Noy. 6th/7th. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v., several; Withernsea Lt. (York- shire), many. » 7th to 9th. Little Ross Lt. (Kirkcudbright), several killed. », “th/8th. Spurn Head Lt., large numbers. oy olan, 7 10th/11th & >Spurn Head Lt., a flock. 11th/12th. J », 15th/16th. Bardsey Lt., one. » 16th/17th. Lynn Well Lt.-v. (Norfolk), many; Spurn Mead Lt., several. 69 17th. Spurn Head Lt., several during day to the 8. W. », 17th/18th. Spurn Head Lt., several. » 2lst & 3lst. Spurn Head Lt., a flock to the S.W. THE COMMON SANDPIPER (Totanus hypoleucus). June 20th. Cromarty Firth, moving down to the shore. % 28th. Morton Loch (Fife), several. July 2nd. Shropshire, two passing. 0 7th. Isle of Man, two passing on the coast. %) 14th. Isle of Man, several passing on the coast ; Devon, a flock. ue 16th, Devon, a flock. y 17th. Portmahomack (. Ross-shire), a great many on the shore. Fs 21st. Cheshire, increase. bs 28th. Cheshire, decrease. Aug. Ist. Cheshire, many; Wiltshire, three passing. » Ist & 2nd. Sussex, increase. 6 ord. Cheshire, nearly all gone; Cambridge, many ; Oxford, few seen. Ath to 21st. Lancashire, stragglers passing. 5th. Fair Isle (Shetland), many. 6th. Bedford, one passing. 7th. Pentland Skerries, fifty. 9 9th. Somerset, two passing; Sussex, few passing. ,, L5th to 22nd. Isle of Man, one or two daily. 5 I. Suffolk, one passing. Sept. lst to 14th. Lancashire, stragglers passing. Ath. Fair Isle, one. 7th & 8th. Bedford, passing 7.30 P.M. 10th. Luce Sands (Wigtown), two. we) ”? ” Sept. 12th. Devon, a few. a 14th. Devon, two. * 15th. Suffolk, one passing. THE GREEN SANDPIPER (Tetanus ochropu:). A Green Sandpiper was reported at Morton Loch (Fife) on the 28th of June. During the last ten days of July stragglers were observed in Cheshire. In August passing migrants were noted at Morton Loch on the Ist, 5th, 20th and 22nd, in Oxfordshire on the 3rd, at the Pentland Skerries on the 5th and 8th, and at Soulseat Loch (Wigtown) on the 5th. At Holderness (Yorkshire) thirteen were recorded on the 6th, and between that date and the 16th Green Sandpipers were observed on five occasions at Largo Bay (Fife). Single passing birds were seen on the Scilly Isles on the 13th and 14th of August, in Suffolk en the 18th, 24th, 29th and several on the 3lst. In Cheshire two were noted on the 15th and 31st and one on the 24th, at Wair Isle (Shetland) seventy passing birds were observed between the Ist and 26th and of these about twenty occurred on the 5th. At Auskerry Light (Grkney) several were killed on the night of the 15th. Tn September stragglers, mostly single birds, were recorded in Lan- cashire on the 4th, 5th, 7th and 10th, at Spurn Head (Yorkshire) on the 6th, in Suffolk en the 6th and 21st and in Cheshire on the 22nd. Tn October two arrived in Suttolk on the 8th and one on the 11th. One was shot on the Cromarty Firth on the 1st of November. In December one was observed in Cheshire on the 7th, four on the 29th and one in Shropshire on the 28th. THE REDSHANK (Totanus calidris). June 10th. Breydon (Norfolk), a good many. 50 25th. Breydon, scores of old and young. July Ist. Pentland Skerries, passing i 7th. Isle of Man, about forty arvived on the coast from the south-west. oy tl Breydon, very many. 19th. Breydon, hundreds. Aug, Ist. Sussex coast, about forty arrived. 8 2nd. Northumberland, one to south; Sussex coast, increase. os 9th. Sussex coast, further increase. ,», [8thto 29th. Lancashire, numbers varying from twerty to fifty. » 20th/21st. Seven Stones Lt.-v. (Cornwall), twenty-four. Fe 24th. Breydon, a good many. 5 27th. Devon, numbers. bo [eP} oop) Aug. 30th, Devon, decrease. Sept. -- Lancashire, passing in varying numbers. of 6th. Northumberland, two to the north; Sussex coast, decrease. 55 12th. Devon, increase. An 18th. Sussex coast, increase. oA 29th. Dee Estuary (Cheshire), a few score. 30th. Northumberland, large flocks to the south at 8.30 P.M. Oct. Ist and 2nd. Yorkshire, a good many on tne coast. ,», Ist to 13th. Lancashire, passing in varying numbers. 2 2nd. Suffolk, increase. ,, 14th to 25th. Anglesey, great numbers. * 27th. Lancashire, about forty. Noy, 12th to 19th. Northumberland, stragglers passing. THE CURLEW (Numenius arquata). Three Curlews were reported from Spurn Head Light (Yorkshire) on the night of 30th June/lst July. In July a flock of twenty-three, coming from inland, were observed at the Mull of Galloway (Wigtown) flying high in the air out to seain a south-westerly direction and some were passing on the coast of Suffolk on the 22nd and 23rd. . In August passing birds were noted in Northumberland on various dates, especially on the 10th and 12th, when flocks varying from ten to thirty were recorded as flying over Wooler (Northumberland) on the evenines of those days. About a hundred appeared on the coast of Sussex on the 2nd and large numbers at Breydon (Norfolk) during the whole month, and were reported there as arriving in scores on the 5th and llth, to the number of two or three hundreds on the 16th, many on the 24th, very many on the 27th and in hundreds on the 31st. In Yorkshire a great movement from north to south took place on the 16th and 17th; about thirty arrived at Sule Skerry (W. of Orkney) on the 14th and fifteen were on passage in Shropshire on the 28th. The light-records for August were:—-Outer Dowsing Light-vessel (Lincolnshire), fourteen to west-south-west on the 9th; Smith’s Knoll Light-vessel (Norfolk), one on the 18th; Chicken Rock Light (Isle of Man), four on the 24th/25th. In September five were going south on the coast of Suffolk on the Ist, and a flock in the same direction on the 29th. Large numbers going south-east were observed in Devonshire on the 11th. In October a good many were noted on the coast of Yorkshire on the Ist and 2nd, and a flock of twenty to the south on the coast of Hamp- shire on the 25th. At Bardsey Licht (Carnaryonshire) many were on passage on the night of the 21st/22nd. 267 In November, Curlews were passing in Lancashire on the 8th. The light-records were as follows :—-Winterton Light (Norfolk), a flock arrived from over the sea on the 17th; Bardsey Light, a flock on the island on the 8th; Spurn Head Light two on the 11th/12th, and Dudgeon Light-vessel (Norfolk), many on the 16th/17th. In Scotland migratory movements were recorded from the coasts and islands all through July and August and up to the 24th of September, and some smaller movements at the Shetlands and Outer Hebrides between the 13th of October and the 9th of November. THE WHIMBREL (Numenius pheopus). July 8th. Breydon (Norfolk), some arrived. 7 12th. Breydon, several. PF 16th. Breydon, increase. » 15th to 81st. Pentland Skerries and Tarbatness (E. Ross-shire), one or two at frequent intervals. Aug. Ist. Sussex, eleven passing on the coast. ord. Cambridge, nine passing. i. oth. Breydon, increase. > 6th. Largo Bay (Fife), passing. %5 7th. Edenmouth (Fife), passing. fs 9th. Suifolk, passing at night. . 14th. Worcester, passing at night. » 16th & 17th. Yorkshire, stragglers on the coast. . 18th. Dee Estuary (Cheshire), many. = 22nd. _— Isle of Man, one; Norfolk, five to the south. 3 24th. Oxford, some going west at 8 P.M. », 24th & 25th. Suffolk, one passing on coast. ; 26th. Shropshire, a small flock to north. Sept. Ist. Isle of Man, one; Suffolk, one to the south on the coast. > ord. Suffolk, one to the south on the coast. #5 6th. Northumberland, several flocks to the north. » 6th & 7th. Yorkshire, six or eight passing; Suffolk, passing at night on the coast. +5 10th. Northumberland, four to the south. 23rd. Devon, three. Oct. Ath. Shropshire, heard at night. 5 10th. Northumberland, one caught. ee 17th. Girdlene:s (Kincardine), one. os 19th. Fairlie (Ayr), one. Bs 27th. Barnsness, (Berwick) one. N.B. At Sule Skerry (W. of Orkney), the Flannan Isles (Outer Hebrides) and Bell Rock (Tay), Whimbrels were constantly passing in small numbers between the 7th of August and the 4th of October. $2 268 THE COMMON TERN (Sterna fluviatilis). The breeding-haunts of this species in S.E. Suffolk had been almost abandoned by the 4th of August, those at Ravenglass (Cumberland) entirely so by the 7th, and on Walney Island (Lancashire) prior to the 9th, though several pairs were still feeding their young at Southport (Lancashire) on the latter date. Some Common Terns appeared at Breydon (Norfolk) as early as the ord of July, though the autumn niovement does not seem to have com- menced in earnest until the 27th, when others arrived, to be followed ten days later by large numbers. A further increase took place in this locality on the 11th of August, on which date the first passage-migrants appeared on the Suffolk coast, where they were noted in varying numbers until the 12th of September, the largest numbers being present from the 17th to the 22nd of August. In S.H. Suffolk a few were still passing until the 20th of September. Farther north, at Spurn Head (Yorkshire), the main passage was evidently over by the 4th of September, when our observations began there ; from twelve to twenty were seen on the 5th and 6th, and scattered birds were noted until the 13th. One or two were also seen in the neighbourhood of Flamborough from the 16th to the 18th, On the 16th and 17th from twelve to twenty were seen off the coast of Kent, but their numbers had decreased to two on the 18th. Autumn movements were first noticed at the Scottish lights on the 19th of August, and from that date till the 23rd of September Common Terns were noted on several occasions. Many were seen passing south at the Isle of May (Fife) on the 18th and two were taken at Tarbatness Light (EK. Ross-shire) on that night. On the 6th of August a large flock appeared in Plymouth Sound, where they remained in varying but gradually decreasing numbers until the end of the month. At the mouth of the Exe (South Devon) they were present in varying numbers until the 23rd of September. From the west coast information is less complete. During the last week in August an increase was noted on the coast of Lleyn (Carnarvon), passing migrants were seen off the Isle of Man on the 28th and many were still present in the Mersey on-the 6th of September. Inland, Common Terns visited Windermere in large numbers on the 5th of August and Derwentwater from the 5th to the 7th, small numbers were seen at frequent intervals on the Cheshire Meres throughout August and up to the 7th of September, a dozen or so were seen at Ellesmere (Shropshire) from the 7th to the 10th of August, and single birds visited Shrewsbury (Shropshire) on the 4th, 6th, 7th and 21st, while a dozen flew over that town on the 12th of September. Single birds were also seen at Frensham (Surrey) on the 5th of August and on Tring Reservoir (Herts) on the 7th and 15th of September, bo lor) ito) THE LITTLE TERN (Sterna minuta). A few Little Terns were seen on Breydon (Norfolk) on several dates in June up to the 15th. ‘The first returning migrants arrived there on the 27th of July and were seen off Lowestoft (Suffolk) two days later. An increase was noticed at Breydon on the 3rd of August and further arrivals appeared on the 5th and 7th. The breeding-haunts in 8.E. Suffollk were almost deserted by the 4th, and birds were passing in small numbers down the Suffolk coast on the 10th and 11th, 16th, 17th, 19th, 21st to 25th, and the 4th of September, and in larger numbers at Breydon on the 25th and 31st of August. A few birds were passing on the Lancashire coast on the 3rd of August and others were seen on the north coast of Carnarvonshire up to the 11th. On the 12th a decrease in that area was followed by a large arrival on the following day; these birds remained until the 16th, after which date a gradual diminution took place. Throughout the month one or two stragglers were noted on inland waters in Cheshire. In September sixteen birds were seen at Spurn Head (Yorkshire) on the 5th and one, the last, on the 9th; the last record for Scotland was from Karkinner (Wigtown) on the 8th and the last Little Tern was seen off Lowestoft on the 11th. On the 16th and 17th some numbers were still to be seen on the coast of Romney Marsh (Kent), and three were still present on the 18th. THE LITTLE AUK (Mergulus alle). The earliest records reported the arrival of single birds of this species on the coasts of S.E. Suffolk and E. Sussex on the 3lst of October. Others were seen in the latter locality on the 2nd of November and one was shot near Glastonbury (Somersetshire) on the 3rd. On the same date large numbers appeared, flying north along the coast of Northumberland, and two were seen on the Norfolk coast; about the same time small numbers arrived off Scarborough (Yorkshire), where they remained for about a week. On the 4th one was picked up at Rugby (Warwickshire), on the 5th a few were still passing north on the coast of Northumberland, and on the 12th others were recorded from Auskerry (Orkney). On the 13th large numbers were again passing on the coast of Northumberland, and between that date and the 15th many occurred on the N.E. coast of Norfolk between Wells and Yarmouth. They were observed in the Tay Estuary on the 15th and at the Isle of May (Fife) on the 20th. Two were seen on the S.E. coast of Suffolk on the 23rd. Subsequently, they were seen in small numbers up to the end of the year at different localities in the Tay and Moray areas, in Orkney and at Fair Isle (Shetland), while larger numbers arrived in the Forth on the 3rd and 30th of December, and at Fair Isle on the latter date. ISOLATED RECORDS AND SINGLE OBSERVATIONS. Tue Brack WHrATEAR (Sazicola leucura). Male seen, Fair Isle (Shetland), September 28th to 30th. Tur Rep-spotrED Birurruroat (Cyanecula svecica). Several arrived, N. Norfolk coast, end of August. ; Tue WHITE-SPOTTED BLuETHROAT (Cyanecula cyanecula). Male found dead, St. Leonards-on-Sea (Sussex), September 22nd. THe NicurineaLe (Daulias luscinia). Last seen, Berks, August 2nd ; one passing, Suffolk coast, 18th; one, Tunbridge Wells (Kent), 29th and 31st; one, Bishop Rock Lt. (Scilly Isles), September 17th/18th. THe BarreD WARBLER (Sylvia nisoriay. Two arrived, Isle of May (Fife), September 12th, and single birds were seen or shot as follows :—Auskerry (Orkney), August 15th; Fair Isle (Shetland), 22nd, 23rd and 29th, and September 20th, 25th and 28th; Lowestoft (Suffolk), August 28th; Lerwick (Shetland), Sep- tember 8rd, 9th and 16th; Blakeney (Norfolk), 5rd, and two others a few days later; Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), 10th and 12th (shot 14th); Rockabill Lt. (co. Dublin), 17th; and Isle of May (Fife), 28th. THE FirE-crEstep WRreEN (Regulus ignicapillus). Two shot, Thanet (KE. Kent), September 25th and November 11th and 18th, and single birds seen or shot, September 26th and November 14th, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 28th, and Holy Island (Northumberland), October 4th. A pair seen, Tunbridge Wells (Kent), December 20th to January 10th, 1918. Tur YELLOW-BROWED WARBLER (Phylloscopus superciliosus). One shot, N. Cotes (Lincoln), September 25th. Tur Woop-WaAnrBLER (Phylloscopus sibilatrix). One passing, Lowestoft (Suffolk), August 2ad; nine, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), 2k 9th/10th, several on 19th/20th, three on 20th/2Ist, and eight on 26th/27th. Tue JoTerRInE WanrsiER (Hypolais icterina). Fair Isle (Shetland), one on August 5th and 10th, two on 21st, and one on 22nd. THE Aquatic WARBLER (Acrocephalus aquaticus). A male, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Hants), August 17th; a female shot, Blakeney (Norfolk), October 23rd. THe Resp-WaRBLER (Acrocephalus streperus). One passing, Aldring- ham (Suffolk), August 3rd; two seen, Biggleswade (Bedford), September 7th; a few still in haunts, Lowestuft (Suffolk), September 15th; one or two in haunts, Romney Marsh (Kent and Sussex), 16th and 17th, gone on 18th; two passing, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), 28th and 80th ; one shot, Auskerry (Orkney), 28th. Buiyty’s REED-WARBLER (Acrocephalus dumetorum). Single birds shot, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 20th; Holy Island (Northumberland), 25th; Fair Isle (Shetland), 24th, 26th, 29th, 30th, and October Ist; one, Dudgeon Lt.-v. (Norfolk), October 20th/21st. THE GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER (Lecustella nevia). Last heard, Hind- head (Surrey), August 5th; one, Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), 6th/7th; one seen, Great Fakenham (Suffolk), 14th; three passing, Langstone Harbour (Hants), September 6th; one, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Hants), 17th/18th. THE HeEpDGE-SpaRrow (Accentor modularis). One arrived, Butt of Lewis (Outer Hebrides), September 12th; one arrived (probably Continental), Fair Isle (Shetland), 23rd, increase 24th and a few passing till October 16th; six arrived (one Continental), Isle of May (Fife), September 24th, few passing until October 9th, one Continental shot October 9th, and one British on 7th; increase, Beaulieu (Hants), latter half of September, decrease October 8th ; two passing (British), Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 25th and 29th ; one, Pentland Skerries, September 30th and October 28th; one, Auskerry (Orkney), October 2nd; increase, Spurn Head, 2nd; some passing, Dungeness (Kent), 8th, decrease 9th; one, Inchkeith (Forth), 19th and 24th; one, Fair Isle, 30th; one, Isle of May, November 7th. THE BivueE Tirmovse (Purus ceruleus). First movement noted, Suffolk coast, September 2nd; two passing, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), October Ist. THE Common WREN (T7oglodytes parvulus). One, Whalsey Skerries Lt. (Shetland), August 14th; one arrived, Isle of May (Fife), September 15th; increase, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), 17th, decrease 18th, increase 24th, decrease October Ist; noted passing, single birds or in small numbers, Tiree (Argyll), Sule Skerry and Auskerry (Orkney), Pentland Skerries, Flannan Isles 202 (Outer Hebrides), Kyle Rhea (Skye), Inchkeith, Isle of May and Bass Rock (Forth) from September 15th to November 8th ; increase (passing), Dungeness (Kent), October 9th; eleven, Pentland Skerries, 23rd. THe Watt-CreEprer (7ichodroma muraria). One shot, Winchelsea (Sussex), October Ist. THe Grey-HEADED WagGrTaiL (Motacilla flava thunberg?). Single birds, Fair Isle (Shetland), September 26th and 29th and October Ist. Toe Tree-Pieir (Anthus trivialis), Passing, Kirkliston (Linlithgow), August 24th to September 15th ; passing singly or in pairs, Kent, August 29th and 30th September 6th, 9th, 10th, 13th, 24th and October 8th, twenty-five on September 17th and five on 18th ; passing, Isle of May (Fife), September 28th, 29th and October Ist; several, Fair Isle (Shetland), October Ist, 10th and 11th, and one on 380th. Tur Tawny Prrir (Anthus campestris), One taken, Eastbourne (Sussex), October Ist. Ricuarp’s Preir (Anthus richard). One, Fair Isle (Shetland), October 2nd; one, Marshchapel (Lincoln), November 16th. Tur Rocx-Preir (Anthus obscurus). Small parties passing, Flam- borough (Yorkshire), September 14th to 21st, movement most noticeable on 18th; numerous, N. Unst (Shetland), 17th; first seen, Romney Marsh (Kent), 18th; first seen, Spurn Head (York- shire), 20th; an arrival, Pentland Skerries, 20th: some at lantern, N. Unst Lt. (Shetland), 21st; increase, Spurn Head, October Ist; forty arrived and passed to 5.W., Auskerry (Orkney), 5rd; some passing, Lowestoft (Suffolk), 6th; passing, Dungeness (Kent), 9th. THE GREAT GREY SHRIKE (Lanius excubitor), A male, Copthorne (Surrey), October 20th; one, Auskerry (Orkney), 26th; male, Berkhampsted (Herts), November 10th. Tue ReED-BACKED SuRIKE (Lanizus collurio). Last seen (seven), Hampton-in-Arden (Warwick), August 6th; male seen, near Portpatrick (Wigtown), 14th; last seen, Wribbenhall (Wor- cester), 18th; one passing, Fair Isle (Shetland), 24th; last seen, Oswestry (Shropshire), 26th; one passing, Lerwick (Shetland), 26th ; one seen, Bloxham (Oxford), September 7th; two seen, Cheltenham (Gloucest-r), 7th; one passing, Suffolk coast, 14th ; two seen (last}, Tunbridge Wells (Kent), 14th; one arrived, Holy Island (Northumberland), 30th. Tur Waxwine (Ampelis garrulus). One seen, Winchester (Hants), September 28th; one, Stornoway (Outer Hebrides), November 12th; one, Corstorphine (Edinburgh), 16th; one, Marchmont (Berwick), 24th. Tue RED-BREASTED FiycaTcHER (Muscicapa parva). Single birds, THE THE Tun THE THE THE THE TuE THE 248 Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 24th, Isle of May (Fife), 28th and Pentland Skerries, 30th. HawrincH (Coccothraustes vulyaris). One, Fidra Lt. (Forth), July 7th. Twitr (Linota flavirostris). Many arrived, N. Unst (Shetland), September 17th; flock seen, Pentland Skerries, October 7th; flock seen, Corsemalzie (Wigtown), 9th; flock arrived from N., Yarmouth (Norfolk), 17th, and flocks passing S., 19th; passing S., Cambridge, 21st; five arrived, Flannan Isles (Outer Hebrides), 24th ; flock of three hundred seen, Hunstanton (Norfolk), November 7th ; flock arrived, Auskerry (Orkney), 8th. Meaty Reppoiu (Linota linaria). An arrival, Fair Isle (Shet- land), September 18th; a few arrived, N. Unst (Shetland), 30th; arrivals, Fair Isle, October 13th, Isle of May (Fife) 20th, and Flannan Isles (Outer Hebrides), 24th ; three seen, Corsemalzie (Wigtown), December 2nd. Lesser REppouu (Linota rufescens). Large numbers arrived, Yorkshire, September 15th, and Stone (Staffordshire), 16th ; decrease, Stone, 24th; one arrived, Lowestoft (Sutfolk), October 4th ; one, S. Bishop Lt. (Pembroke), November 5th/6th; flocks seen, Felsted (Essex), 17th and 24th and December 20th; large flocks seen, Great Fakenham (Suffolk), December 2nd and 7th. NortHERN BuuiFincu (Pyrrhula major). Female, Fair Isle (Shetland), October 29th. ScaRLET GROSBEAK (Carpodacus erythrinus). Single birds, Tar- batness Lt. (HK. Ross-shire), September 8th, Tair Isle (Shetland), 20th and 28th, and Spurn Head (Yorkshire), October 2nd. Common OrossBiLu (Loxia curvirostra). Flock of eight seen, Oswestry (Shropshire), December 24th. Cory-Buntine (Emberiza miliaria). Last seen, Newton-Stewart (Wigtown), August 24th; increase, Holy Island (Northumber- land), September 14th, decrease 15th, increase October 2nd, decrease 3rd, increase 11th, decrease 14th, increase 16th, decrease 17th; flock of fifty seen, Dungeness (Kent), October 9th ; small passages noted at outlying stations in Scotland from October 24th to November 23rd; flocks seen, Stornoway (Outer Hebrides), November 6th and 29th ; two, Auskerry (Orkney), December ard , one, Pentland Skerries, 8th. Yrttow Buntine (Lmberiza citrinella). Noted on passage at Fair Isle (Shetland), Pentland Skerries and Auskerry (Orkney) from October 25th to November 5th; one passing, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), October 8rd; several seen, Kyle Rhea (Skye), November 8th and three on the 16th. Tue OrtToLan Buntine (Lmberiza hortulana). Several, Fair Isle (Shetland), October Ist. 274 Tue Litrie Buntine (Emberiza pusilla). Two or three arrived, Isle of May (Fife), September 28th ; one, Fair Isle (Shetland), 28th and 80th ; one, Isle of May, 29th ; three arrived, Fair Isle, October Ist ; and single birds were seen, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 11th. Tur Reep-Buntine (Lmberiza scheeniclus), Two passing, Rusthall Common (Kent), September 10th and 15th; one passing, Tun- bridge Wells (Kent), 22nd; one arrived, Isle of May (Vite), 24th; two or three passing, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), 26th and 27th, and one or two on 380th; some arrived, Pentland Skerries and Auskerry (Orkney), 28th, and small arrivals took place there up to October 5th; two arrivals, Holy Island (Northumberland), September 29th; three passing, Tunbridge Wells, October 7th; further arrivals, Fair Isle (Shetland), Auskerry and Pentland Skerries, 1]th to 50th; increase, Orford (Suffolk), 11th; one arrived, Holy Island, Ist, none 2nd to 7th, three 8th, one 9th, four 10th, none 11th and 12th, five 15th, none 14th to 16th, one 17th, none 18th; many, Fair Isle, 13th and 14th ; one, taken on a boat in the North Sea, about 24th; twenty, Carnarvon Bay Lt.-v., October 25th/26th; single birds, Pentland Skerries, November 5th and Flannan Isles (Outer Hebrides), November 18th and December 15th. Tur Laptanp Buntine (Calcarius lapponicus). Two arrived, Fair Isle (Shetland), September 14th, three on the 17th and 19th, two on 20th and single birds on October 2nd, 17th and 22nd; single birds, Yarmouth (Norfolk), September 25rd and November 5th. Tur RosE-cotourED Sraruine (Pastor roseus). Male shot, Pevensey (Sussex), June 22nd. Tue Nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes). One seen, Gunton (Nor- folk), October 26th; one seen, Brede (Sussex), November 16th ; pair shot (slender-billed), Wartling (Sussex), December 26th and 28th. THe Jay (Garrulus glandarius). Increase, Grange-over-Sands (Lanca- shire), October 8th; great influx, near Canterbury (ISent), 16th to 18th. THe Woov-Larxk (Alauda arborea). Single birds arrived, Isle of May (Fife), September 29th, Fair Isle (Shetland), October 9th and Auskerry (Orkney), 26th. THe Smore-Lark (Otocorys alpestris). Male, S8.E. Suffolk coast, October 12th and four or five on 19th; three, Yarmouth (Nor- folk), 14th, one on October 17th and November 5th, 8th and 11th and three on 12th; one, Fair Isle (Shetland), October 17th; about fourteen, N. Cotes (Lincolnshire), November 5th. Tur NiguTsar (Caprimulgus europeus). One seen, Black Mountain (1400 ft.) (Carmarthen), August 12th; last heard, Hindhead (Surrey), 14th; young in down, Littlesea Heath (Dorset), 17th, two seen, Wareham (Dorset), 29th; one, Wyre Forest (Shrop- 275 shire), 31st; one, Hastings (Sussex), September 3rd; one passing Spurn Head (Yorkshire), 9th; last seen, Corsemalzie (Wigtown) 12th, Hayling Island (Hants), 19th; one seen near York, 14th and Boreham (Essex) 27th. Tun Wryneck (Lynx torquilla). Two arrived, Fair Isle (Shetland), August 22nd ; four arrived, Suffolk coast, 28th and remained until dist; two arrived, Pentland Skerries, 30th ; one passing, Suffolk coast, September 6th ; one, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Hants), 9th/10th ; one passing, Tunbridge Wells (Kent), 11th. Tue KINGFISHER (Alcedo ispida). Three arrived, Langstone Harbour (Hants), August Ist, five on 2nd and twelve on 9th, two on September 6th and one on 13th. Tur Hooror (Upupa epops). Single birds seen or shot, in Guernsey, August 25th, at Lunan Bay (Forfar), September 3rd, Horrabridge (Devon), lst week September, Felsted (Hssex) 6th, 12th, 17th and 24th of September (same bird), and Kirkcaldy (Fife), 25th. THe Barn-Ow1 (Strix flammea). Single birds at Torrance, near Glasgow, October 17th to 21st, Bell Rock Lt. (Tay) 24th and Bass Rock (Forth), December 15th. Tue Lone-EraReD Own (Asio otus). One, Fair Isle (Shetland), August 19th and 21st; one, Tarbatness Lt. (H. Ross), September 5th ; two arrived, Holy Island (Northumberland), 14th, one on 16th, two on 25rd, one on 25th and one on October 16th; one, Bell Rock Lt. (Tay), October 25th; one, Pentland Skerries, 27th. THE SHORT-EARED OWL (A320 accipitrimus). Continuous arrival in small numbers noted at Fair Isle (Shetland), Auskerry and Sule Skerry (Orkney), Pentland Skerries, Flannan Isles (Outer Hebrides), Tiree (Argyll), Isle of May (Fife), Barnsness and St. Abb’s (Berwick) from October the 22nd to November 14th; two arriving from E., Northumberland coast, October 16th; two seen, Oare (Devon), 18th ; two, Wooler (Northumberland), 20th ; one, Dudgeon Lt.-v. (Norfolk), November 6th; several, Ringland (Norfolk), December Sth. Tur Common Buzzarp (Buteo vulgaris). One trapped, near Whitby (Yorkshire), September 7th. THE RovuGH-LEGGED Buzzarp (Buteo lagopus). One shot, near Yar- mouth (Norfolk), October 16th; one seen, Sidestrand (Norfolk), December 20th. Tur Sparrow-Hawk (Accipiter nisus). One passing, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), October 2nd; influx noted, Tay area, from October 7th onwards. THE Hopsy (Falco subbuteo). One shot, Tusmore (Oxford), August 9th ; one seen, Ashdown Forest (Sussex), September 13th; one shot, Newington (Oxford), 17th; one shot, Flitwick (Bedford), 25th ; one under telegraph-wire, Musselburgh (Midlothian), October 14th. 276 Tue Merrit (falco esalon). Frequently noted at outlying Scotch stations between August 17th and November 10th; single birds seen, Holy Island (Northumberland), September 8th to 11th, 13th, 17th, 22nd, 25th, October 2nd, 6th, 9th and 14th; one passing, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), October 1st; one seen, Ciliau Aeron (Cardigan), 3rd and 8th; first seen, Oare (Devon), 7th; two seen, Romney Marsh (Kent), 8th and 9th; one flying H., Northumber- land ecast, November 2nd. Tur Krstret (Falco tinnunculus). Migrants frequently noted at Bell Rock (Tay), Inchkeith (Forth), Isle of May (Fife) and Fair Isle (Shetland) between August 4th and October 20th; influx noted at Dundee and in E. Fife in September and October; from four to eight passing each day, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September oth, 7th, 8th, 9th and 13th and October Ist, 2nd and 3rd; single migrants noted, Holy Island (Northumberland), September 12th, 13th, 21st and 27th and October 3rd, 8th and 16th. THE Cormorant (Lhalacrocorax carbo). Influx noted, Tay Estuary, September 7th and onward ; birds passing S., Spurn Head (York- shire), October 3rd and 4th. THE SHaG (Phalacrocorax graculus). Unusual numbers noted, Tar- batness (E. Ross-shire), September 18th and 23rd ; many flying S., Northumberland coast, and Whitby (Yorkshire), November 29th. Tur Gannet (Sula bassana). One flying S., Scarborough (Yorkshire), August 17th, three on October 12th and two on 16th; one found dead, Minstead (Hants), October (last week) ; six seen, Girdleness (Kincardine), November 3rd; one, Largo Bay (Fife), 5th ; hundreds near Bass Rock (orth), 7th ; one, Whitby (Yorkshire), 14th ; three, Butt of Lewis (Outer Hebrides), December 11th. Tur Squacco Herron (Ardea ralloides). One shot, Horning (Norfolk), July 5th. Tur Nicut-Hrron (Nycticorax griseus). One seen, Marbury Mere (Cheshire), July 31st. Tue LirrLte Birtern (Ardetta minuta). Male shot, Naseby (North- ampton), October 2nd. THE SpPoonBILL (Platalea leucorodia). Young bird arrived, Breydon (Norfolk), July 15th, a second on 19th, both left on 21st, returned on 23rd and left on 26th; one or two arrived, N. coast of Norfolk, first week in August. Tue Guossy Ipis (Plegadis falcinellus). Six seen and shot, Walton- on-Naze (Essex), October 14th ; two seen (one shot), Aldborough in Holderness (Yorkshire), 18th; one shot, Balsham (Cambridge), about 13th; one seen, Filby Broad, and one shot, Flegeburgh (Norfolk), possibly the same bird, November Ist ; one shot, Burgh Castle (Suffolk), December 2nd. 214 Tue Foaminco (Phenicopterus roseus). One seen on shore, Sidmorth (Devon), September 28th. Toe WHooprr (Cygnus musicus). Ten seen, N. coast of Norfolk, October 51st. Bewicnr’s Swan (Cygnus bewicki). Large numbers arrived, Tiree (Argyll), end of October; three seen, Fairlie (Ayr), December 26th. Tur Barnacie Goose (Bernicla leucopsis). First arrivals, seven, Holy Island (Northumberland), September 13th, 14th to 16th none, sixteen arrived 17th, none September 18th to October 18th ; eight arrived, Dorking (Surrey), October 2nd ; first seen, Tyne Estuary (E. Lothian), 5th; eight seen, Scremerston (Northumberland), 14th, gone 16th; thirty flying N.W., Loneframlington (Northum- berland), 17th, and twelve on 18th; four arrived, Largo Bay (Fife), 18th; passing S., Barra (Outer Hebrides), third week of October; fifty arrived, Flannan Isles (Outer Hebrides), 24th, large flocks (winter-residents), arrived 27th. Tur Brenr Goose (Bernicla brenta). One shot, Valley (Anglesey), August 8rd; two seen, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 11th ; two arrived, Holy Island (Northumberland), 16th and about fifty on October 18th; first arrivals, Fair Isle (Shetland), September 21st; frequent arrivals on N. & E. coasts of Scotland and Outer Hebrides up to November 12th; one seen, N.E. Lincoln coast, October 14th; four seen, Rhoscolyn (Anglesey), 17th; many passing S.W. at 12.40 a.m. over Portsmouth (Hants), December 29nd/23rd. Tur Snow-Goosk (Chen hyperboreus). Six seen, N. coast of Norfolk, October 31st. Tur Common SHELD-DucK (Tadorna cornuta). Flock of twenty arrived, Breydon (Norfolk), July 7th; two arrived, Pentland Skerries September 6th ; two seen, Rye Harbour (Sussex), 18th. Tue Ruppy SHELD-DUCK (Tadorna casarca). Two shot, Breydon (Nor- folk), October 5th. THE Matuarp (Anas boseas). Flock of forty flying E., Brampton (Cum- berland), August 20th; many flocks to N., Northumberland coast, September 10th and several to N., October 6th; first arrivals, Felsted (Essex), 25rd ; increase, Packington (Warwick), November 38rd, decrease 10th, increase December Ist; great increase, Cheshire Meres, November 25rd; large movement to W., Wirral (Cheshire), December 26th. THe Gapwatt (Anas strepera). One shot, Morton Loch (Fife), October Ist; three shot, near Wick (Caithness), November 7th ; seen, Tiree (Argyll), 11th. Tur TEAL (Nettion crecca), Noted on passage on Scotch coasts through- out August to November; a hundred to a hundred and fifty 278 returned to Cromarty Firth by August 10th; first seen, Northum- berland coast, September 9th; first seen, Beaulieu (Hants), October 8th ; arrived in numbers, Merioneth, end of October. THE SHOVELER (Spatula clypeata). Four seen, Glen Dam (Renfrew), August 25th; one, Dee Estuary (Cheshire), September Ist, four on 8rd; one, Tring Reservoir (Herts), 15th, and eleven on 21st ; one, Loch Ryan (Wigtown), 20th; three, Broughton (Peebles), 25th; twenty to thirty, Skene Loch (Dumfries), October 1st; two, Winsford Flashes (Cheshire), November 2nd; two, Soulseat Loch (Wigtown), 13th; seven, Marbury (Cheshire), December 2\st. THe Prnrain (Dafila acuta). One arrived, Fair Isle (Shetland), August 24th; a few seen, Beauly Firth, September 2nd; one shot, Glen- orchard (Stirling), November 12th. THE Pocuarp (fuligula ferina). Increase, Cheshire Meres, August Ist; three passing, Doddington (Lincoln), September 15th; in- crease from two to a hundred and three, Linlithgow Loch, between October 1st and November 5th; three passing, Sutton Coldfield (Warwick), October 16th ; cne, Fair Isle (Shetland), October 26th and November 2nd; one passing, Packington (Warwick), 5rd; first seen, Kilmalcolm (Renfrew), 5rd; one shot, Talsarnau (Merioneth), 16th; increase, Rydal (Westmoreland), 18th, de- crease 29th ; increase, near Cambridge, 28th. Toe Torrep Duck (fuligula cristata). Three arrived, Doddington (Lincoln), September 2nd to 18th; arrival, Tay Estuary, 22nd ; pair arrived, Packington (Warwick), 22nd to 29th, gone by October 6th, six arrived between October 27th and November 38rd, increase to eight pairs by 10th, decrease 24th; one, Fair Isle (Shetland), October 7th and 23rd and November Ist and 2nd; two seen, Sutton Coldfield (Warwick), October 16th; one seen, Inchkeith (Forth), November 5th and llth; decrease, Rydal (Westmoreland), 18th. Tue Scaup Duck (fuligula maria). Adult male seen, Cheshire Meres, July 19th, 2ist, 26th and 31st, female, November 24th; first seen, Tay Estuary, September 14th ; first seen, Loch Ryan (Wig- town), 20th; small flock seen, Johnstone (Renfrew), October 17th ; male seen, Packington (Warwick), November 26th. Tur GotpEn-Hyr (Clangula glaucion), Two seen, Dornoch Firth, July 27th; small arrivals noted, Scotland, September 26th to November 11th; small flock seen, Johnstone (Renfrew), October 17th; one, Cheshire Meres, 27th, increase November 10th, de- crease December 7th; two, Agecroft (Lancashire), November 14th. Tue Lone-Tamep Duck (Harelda glacialis). First seen, Auskerry (Orkney), October 4th, Fair Isle (Shetland), Tarbatness (E. Ross- 209 shire) and Isle of May (Fife), 5th; arrivals, Scotch coasts, up to November 185th; large arrival, Auskerry, November 10th. THe Err (Somaterta mollissima). Large arrivals, Girdleness (Kin- cardine), August 26th, Pentland Skerries, 30th, Bell Rock (Tay), September 13th, Butt of Lewis (Outer Hebrides), 20th, Fair Isle (Shetland), 23rd and 27th, St. Abbs Head (Berwick), October 3rd and Whalsey Skerries (Shetland), 16th; one, North- umberland coast, November 23rd. Tur Common Scorer (Gdemia nigra). Many seen, N. coast of Wales, June 22nd to August 8th; many, Dornoch Firth, July 27th, hundreds, September 6th ; male, Cheshire Meres, August 13th to dlst; six seen, 8. coast of Cornwall, September 7th; nine, off Spurn Head (Yorkshire), 13th; seven, off Flamborough (York- shire), 17th; many, off Dungeness (Kent), 16th to 18th ; twenty, Isle of May (Fife), 19th ; one killed, Lynn Well Lt.-v. (Norfolk), November 5th/6th; large flocks, flying N., Cromer (Norfolk), 25th. Tue VELVET Scoter (Cidemia fusca). Five seen, off Dungeness (Kent), September 18th ; many, Dornoch Firth and one, Beauly Firth, 27th; some, Largo Bay (Fife), November 5th; a male, Loch Ryan (Wigtown), December 17th. THE GoosanDER (Mergus merganser). Noted on passage, Scotland, September 10th to end of November; one seen, Packington (Warwick), October 20th; two seen, Cheshire Meres, December 21st and 26th. THE Rep-BreasTeD MERGANSER (Mergus serrator). Noted on passage, Scotland, August 28th to October 25rd; ten or twelve, Anglesey, October 25rd. THe Smew (Mergus albellus), One, Loch Spynie (Elgin), December 14th. THE Rrvne-Dove (Columba palumbus). Decrease of local birds, S.W., Sussex, September 4th, small increase October 10th, decrease 12th, slight increase 18th ; migrants noted, Fair Isle (Shetland), Aus- kerry (Orkney), and Pentland Skerries between September 25th aud October 26th; one arrived, Holy Island (Northumberland), September 26th, gone on 27th; three arrived, Spurn Head (York- shire), September 30th and October lst; many passing, 8S. Devon, Ath, flock arrived, November 6th ; increase, mid-Kent, 7th to 11th and passing flocks noted 14th, 20th and 22nd, and November 4th, 7th and 12th; large flocks passing, Lydiard Millicent (Wilts), October 16th and 29th; flocks flying W., Cambridge, 30th and dlst; great movement to S., Cookley (Worcester), 3lst; large arrival, Skene (Aberdeen), early in November; one killed, Withernsea Light (Yorkshire), 8th/9th; very large flock seen, near Pontefract (Yorkshire), 10th to 27th ; large flock flying N., Cromer (Norfolk), 20th. 280 Tur Lanp-Ratt (Crex pratensis), One, Chicken Rock Lt. (Isle of Man), July 21st/22nd; heard, Carnarvon, August 4th; many young birds seen, Oswestry (Shropshire), 5th to 7th; one shot, Black Mountain (1400 ft.) (Carmarthen), 12th; two heard, Gras- mere (Westmoreland), 15th; single birds, Isle of May Lt. (Fife) and Little Ross Lt. (Kirkcudbright), 19th; last seen, Swordale (E. Ross-shire), 21st, Kirkliston and Glenling (Linlithgow), Sep- tember 6th, Oswestry 7th, Beaulieu (Hants), 18th and Stornoway (Outer Hebrides), 25th; single birds shot, Ciliau Aeron (Cardigan), 13th and Marston Moor (Yorkshire), 17th; one, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Hants), 14th/15th ; one seen, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), October 3rd; two, New Milton (Hants), 4th; one, Dungeness (Kent), 9th; one, Topsham (Devon), 10th; last seen, Fair Isle (Shetland), 12th; one, Buckholt (Hants), 14th; one, Felsted (Essex), November 15th. Bartuon’s Crake (Porzana bailloni). One shot, Northallerton (York- shire), October 3rd. Tue WatrrR-Ratit (Rallus aquaticus). One seen, Bedford, September 8th; one, Packington (Warwick), 29th; single birds, Fair Isle (Shetland), October Ist, 3rd and 9th; ten, Bardsey Lt. (Car- narvon), 38rd/4th, twelve on 5th/6th and one on 10th/11th; one, on a boat 40 miles E.N.E. of Lowestoft, 24th; one, New Gallo- way (Kirkcudbright), 25th; two, Beauly Wirth, 28th; one, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Hants), November 2nd/3rd and 4th/oth; thirteen, Bardsey Lt., November 5th/6th, and six on 8th/9th; many, Lynn Well Lt.-v. (Norfolk), and one each, Haisboro’ Lt.-v. (Norfolk), St. Catherine’s Lt. and Skerries Lt. (Anglesey), 6th/7th; one, Skerries Lt., 8th/9th and 15th/16th ; several, Tiree (Argyll), 11th; one, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), 20th/21st; one, Auskerry (Orkney), 25rd; one, Stornoway (Outer Hebrides), December 3rd. Tor MoorHen (Galhinula chloropus). Single birds, Deerness (Orkney), September 25th, Fair Isle (Shetland), October 7th and 14th, Skerries Lt. (Anglesey), 11th/12th, Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), November 5th/6th and Stornoway (Outer Hebrides), December Ist and 5rd. Tur Coor (Fulica atra). Several, Lynn Well Lt.-v. (Norfolk), August Q1st/22nd; first arrivals of winter-residents, Poole (Dorset), September 21st, full numbers by October 7th; fifty at sea, Loch Ryan (Wigtown), December 14th. THE Sronre-CurLew (Cidicnemus scolopax). Six or seven (the last) seen, Buckholt (Hants), September 28th ; one or two still present, Hollesley (Suffollz), October 16th. Tue DorrerrEnt (Ludromias morinellus), One shot, near Salisbury (Wilts), September 26th, 281 Tuer Kentish PLovEerR (A%gialitis cantiana). One only, Rye Harbour (Sussex), September 18th; four seen, Littlestone (Kent), Oc- tober 8th. THE Grey PiLover (Sguatarola helvetica). Two seen, Orfordness (Suffolk), August 4th; first seen, Edenmouth (Fife), 19th and Aberlady (Haddington), 31st; some numbers seen (no fluctua- tions), Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 4th to 14th; several, Spurn Head Lt., 10th/11th, 14th/15th. 16th/17th, October 7th/8th and 13th/14th, November 11th/12th:; three seen, Plymouth Sound (Devon), September 9th; one passing, Lowestoft (Suffolk), 12th; several passing, Tunbridge Wells (Kent), 9.50 P.M., 15th/16th; three seen, Romney Marsh (Kent), 17th; numbers arrived, N.E. coast of Lincoln, 17th; three arrived, mouth of Nith (Dumfries), 25th; thirty or forty, Dornoch Firth, 27th; fifty or sixty to N. Hunterston (Ayr), 30th; many, Spurn Head, October Ist and 2nd; one, Littlestone (Kent), 8th; one, mouth of Nith and many, Fairlie (Ayr), 10th; a few, Anglesey, 14th to 25th. THE OystTercatcHER (Hematopus ostralegus). First movement no- ticed, Peebles, July 7th ; one passing, Lowestoft (Suffolk), August 13th; passing, Scarborough (Yorkshire), 16th and 17th; first seen, Pentland Skerries, 20th; migration noted, many localities in Scotland, August 20th to October 27th; two seen, Sidmouth (S. Devon), August 23rd; thirty returned to marshes, Wade- bridge (Cornwall), 26th; several arrived, Cullercoats (Northum- berland), September 6th; flock of nineteen seen, Romney Marsh (Kent), 17th; many seen, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), October Ist and 2nd; passing at night, Peebles, November 4th and 6th; many passing, Ulverston (Lancashire), 8th/9th. THe ReED-NECKED PHALAROPE (Phalaropus hyperboreus). One seen, Beauly Firth, October 22nd. Tor GREY PHALAROPE (Phalaropus fulicarius). One shot, Cheshire, October 22nd. ; THe GREAT SNIPE (Gallinago major). Single birds, Fair Isle (Shet- land), September 21st, Kirkcowan (Wigtown), September and near Tynninghame (EH. Lothian), October 26th. THE BROAD-BILLED SANDPIPER (Limicola platyrhyncha). Two (one shot), Morton Loch (Fife), August 12th. Barrp’s SANDPIPER (TZringa bairdi). Female shot, Rye Harbour (Sussex), September 16th. Tue Littre Strint (T7ringa minuta). One shot, Aldringham (Suffolk), August 28th ; four, Aberlady (Haddington), 31st ; one taken on a boat 60 miles H.S.E. of Lowestoft (Suffolk) about 26th ; one, Beauly Firth, September 28rd; two, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), October 2nd. , 282 Trmuinck’s Srint (Tringa temmincki). One, Fair Isle (Shetland) August 6th; three, Aldringham (Suffolk), 28th. Tue Purrre Sanppieer (TJringa maritima). Arrivals, Pentland Skerries, July 6th, Skerryvore (Inner Hebrides), 24th and Inchkeith (Forth), 80th ; many noted, Northern Isles of Scotland and Outer Hebrides during August and to September 9th, and fresh arrivals in October and November; one shot, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 10th; one, Pett (Sussex), December 27th. Tuer SanpDERLING (Calidris arenaria). One seen, Largo Bay (Fife), July 13th and another up to August 27th; recorded, many E, coast stations in Scotland, July 26th to October 17th, largest number (thirty to forty) Dornoch Firth, August 14th ; twenty seen, Allenby (Solway), August 7th; two to three hundred, Southport (Lancashire), 9th; several, Little Rose Lt. (Kirkcudbright) 17th/18th and 18th/L9th ; one, Skerries Lt. (Anglesey), 18th/19th ; : three arrived, Flannan Isles (Outer Hebrides), 21st; fifteen, Troon Harbour (Ayr), September 12th; one, Bishop Rock Lt. (Scilly Isles), 17th/18th; three, Rye Harbour (Sussex), 18th; flock of twenty-three, Kirkmaiden (Wigtown), 21st; many, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), October Ist and 2nd; flock of forty, Littlestone (Kent), 8th; three, Rhosneigr (Anglesey), 19th; two, Fair Isle (Shetland), November Ist. THe Rurr (Machetes pugnaz). Single birds shot, Thorpe Mere (Suffolk), August 9th and 27th; one seen, Morton Loch (Fife), 20th, two on 22nd a pair, Clifton Junction (Lanca- shire), 28th and 29th; one, Aberlady (Haddington), 31st; one seen, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 6th; one, Ramshelt Marshes (Suffolk), 7th; one, near Port Ellen (Islay), llth; pair shot, near Hereford, 12th and 14th; one, Beauly Firth, 12th and 24th. THE WoOOD-SANDPIPER (Totanus glareola). Hight seen, Kingham (Oxfordshire), August 3rd; single birds seen or shot, Fair Isle (Shetland), 20th and 22nd, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 12th and 22nd, and Thorpe Mere (Suffolk), October 2nd and 6th. THE SpoTreD RepsHANK (Totanus fuscus). Single birds, Largo Bay (Fife), July 15th, Breydon (Norfolk), August 6th, Beaulieu (Hants), September 11th, and Romney Marsh (Kent), 17th. THE GREENSHANK (Totanus canescens). Migration noted, EH. and W. coasts of Scotland from. mid-July to mid-October; one or two arrived frequently, Fair Isle (Shetland), August 6th to 22nd; one seen, Holderness (Yorkshire), 12th; one or two arrived, Breydon (Norfolk), 19th; one, Clifton Junction (Lancashire), 26th to 28th and September 7th and 11th; seven seen, Starcross (Devon), 27th, three on 80th, four on September 4th, three on 12th and one on 17th; two seen, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), 283 September 6th and one on 9th; one, Southport (Lancashire), 7th; one, Ramsholt Marshes (Suffolk), 7th; one, Rye Harbour (Sussex), 18th; one, Beaulieu (Hants), October 20th; frequently seen, Largo Bay (Kile), in November and to December 12th ; one, Cromarty Firth, December 25th. THE Bar-TAILED Gopwit (Limosa lapponica). Migration noted, Scot- land, throughout August and September, chief arrivals end of August; two to three hundred seen, Allenby (Solway), August 7th ; two seen, Southport (Lancashire), August 9th; some seen, Tresco (Scilly Isles), 15th; many, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 4th to 14th and October Ist and 2nd; one, Clifton Junction (Lancashire), September 9th; one, Starcross (Devon), 12th; several large flocks, Romney Marsh (Kent), 17th; five, Hilbre Island (Cheshire), 29th; two shot, Shapinsay (Orkney), October Ist. THE Buack-TAILED Gopwit (Limosa belgica). Two seen, Kirkcud- bright, August 24th; one shot, Fowey (Cornwall), 26th; one, near Stornoway (Outer Hebrides), 31st; three seen, Troon Harbour (Ayr), September 12th; one seen, Romney Marsh (Kent), 17th; one, Beauly Firth, 25rd; single birds, Kirkcud- bright coast, 22nd and 23rd, October 15th and December 2nd ; one shot, Frodsham Marsh (Cheshire), October Ist. Tue Buack TERN (Hydrochelidon nigra). One seen, 8.E. Suffolk coast, July 21st; numbers arrived, N. coast of Norfolk, first week of Aueust; one seen, Marbury (Cheshire), 4th and three on 5th; two, Windermere (Westmoreland), 5th; single birds, Breydon (Norfolk), 7th and 19th and near Alderley (Cheshire), 24th; seven seen, Thorpe Mere (Suffolk), 26th, gone on 27th; two seen, Clifton Junction (Lancashire), September 5th. ‘Tar Sanpwicu TERN (Sterna cantiaca). Several arrived, Largo Bay (Fife), July 19th ; some flying S.E., Breydon (Norfolk), August 7th ; fifty seen, Nigg (E. Ross-shire), 20th; two passing, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 7th and I1th; several, Luce Bay (Wigtown), 10th ; increase, Holy Island (Northumberland), 15th, last three seen October 1st; four seen, Dungeness (Kent), 17th; one, Kirkmaiden (Wigtown), 21st; one, Cramond (Midlothian), 22nd; one, Filey Brigg (Yorkshire), 28th. Tue Arcric TERN (Sterna macrura). Decrease, Sule Skerry (Orkney), July 30th; one seen, Rostherne (Cheshire), July 31st and August 2nd; many, Llanfairfechan (Carnarvon), 3rd, slight decrease, 16th ; one, Marbury (Cheshire), 5th; all gone, Sule Skerry (Orkney), 15th, Whalsey Skerries (Shetland) and Pentland Skerries, 19th ; nine, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorlishire), 21st/22nd; one, near Baschurch (Shropshire), September 1st; one, Clifton Junction (Lancashire), T 2 284 5th; one, Breydon (Norfolk), 14th; one, Tiumpanhead Lt. and twelve, Butt of Lewis Lt. (Outer Hebrides), 20th/21st. SABINE’S GuLL (XYema sabinii). One seen, Leith 'arhour, September 13th; one shot, Bridlington (Yorkshire), 19th. THe Lrrrue Guut (Larus minutus), One shot, near Dunbar (Hadding- ton), October 2nd. THe Buiack-HEapED GuLL (Larus ridibundus). First returned to marshes, Norfolk, July 21st; first autumnai increase, Lowestoft (Suffolk), July 29th; other records were those of quite small numbers at various inland localities between August and November. THe Commen Guu (Larus canis). Several arrived, Fair Isle (Shet- land), July 5th, small movements up to September 18th, many arrivals, Ovetober 14th; three seen, Frensham (Surrey), August Ath; two or three, Allenby (Solway), 7th; few, Liverpool Bay, 8th ; twelve, Southport (Lancashire), 9th; great many, Cromarty Firth, 10th; many, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 4th to October 2nd; one, Clifton Junction (Lancashire), September 21st ; few, Flamborough (Yorkshire), 15th to 21st; many, Tarbatness (Ii. Ross-shire), 25rd. Tur Hrrrine-Guiu (Larus argentatus). One killed, Butt of Lewis Lt. (Outer Hebrides), August 15th/14th ; two passing, Caterham (Surrey), September 22nd; ten to N.W., Handforth (Cheshire), 25th. Tue Great BLack-BACKED GuLL (Larus marinus). Three, Langstone Harbour (Hants), August 9th, six on September 6th; many passing 8., Scarborough (Yorkshire), September 28th and October 26th ; many seen, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), lst and 2nd. Tur Lesser Buack-BACKED GuLu (Larus fuscus). Passing birds seen, Cheshire Meres, July 21st, 28th and 29th, August Ist and 15th, largest numbers ten on 15th ; nine passing, Dunswell (8.E. York- shire), July 8; many passing S., Bempton (Yorkshire), Augnst 4th and 5th and Hornsea (IZ. Yorkshire), 19th ; two or three, Clifton Junction (Lancashire), 22nd; two, Edenfield (Lancashire), 24th ; one, Scarborough (Yorkshire), 3lst; three passing, Tring (Herts), September 7th; numbers, mouth of Luce (Wigtown), 10th; one, London Bridge, 19th; last seen, Holy Isiand (Northumberland), October 1st and Fair Isle (Shetland), 14th ; two seen, Scarborough, October 19th and Loch Ryan (Wigtown), December 17th. Tur Guaucous Guu (Larus glaucus). First arrivals, N. Unst (Shet- land), September 22nd, Isle of May (Fife), October 4th and Fair Isle (Shetland), 11th; one seen, Yarmouth (Norfolk), December 17th. Tur IceLAnp Guu (Larus levcopterus). First arrivals, Flannan Isles (Outer Hebrides), September 30th, Stornoway (Outer Hebrides), October 5rd and Fair Isle (Shetland), 25th. Tar Kirriwake (Rissa tridactyla). Many flying S., Tarbatness (KE. Ross-shire), July 4th; many passing, Portmahomack (KH. Ross- shire), August 15th; all gone, Isle of May cliffs (Fife), 17th and Bass Rock (Forth), 24th ; single birds passing, Clifton Junction (Lancashire), September 5th and 6th, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), 5th and 6th and Romney Marsh (Kent), September 17th and October 8th; many arrived, Hanois Lt. (Channel Islands), 15th, one caught, 19th ; twelvearrived, Flamborough (Yorkshire), 20th ; large arrival, Fair Isle (Shetland), October 13th. Tur GREAT Sxva (Stercorarius catarrhactes). One seen, near Isle of May (Fife), July 5th; plentiful off Shetland, August; one seen, Conway Estuary (Carnarvon), 25th; single birds seen or shot, off Granten (Edinburgh), September 17th, Whitby (Yorkshire), October 2nd, Saltfleet (Lincoln), 10th, Luce Bay (Wigtown), Nevember Ist and Rothesay (Bute), 15th ; last seen, N. Unst (Shetland), October 19th. Tue PoMAToRHINE Sxkua (Stercorarius pomatorhinus). Single birds seen or shot, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), September 10th, near Dunbar (Haddington), October 5th and near Cannock Chase (Staffordshire), 30th. ; RicHarpson’s Sxua (Stercorarius crepidatus). One seen, Largo Bay (Fife), June 19th; one to S.E., Burrow Head (Wigtown), July erd; passing, KE. and W. coast of Scotland, throughout July and August to September 27th ; one seen, Scarborough (Yorkshire), August 16th and Hornsea (HK. Yorkshire), 19th; several seen, Straits of Dover, 28th; one seen, Spurn Head (Yorkshire), Sep- tember 5th ; large numbers arrived, N.H. Lincolnshire coast, 10th and 11th, all gone on 18th and many flying S. on October Ist; one seen, Shrewsbury (Shropshire), September 135th. Burron’s Sxua (Stercorarius parasiticus). One shot, Black Hill (Hereford), August 28th; one shot, Blakeney (Norfolk), Septem- ber 7th; a fewarrived, N.E. coast of Lincolnshire, 10th and 11th, a few flying S. on October lst; one shot, Luce Bay (Wigtown), September 28th. Tau RazorBiv1 (Alca torda). Left Sule Skerry (Orkney), August 18th ; arrivals, Tay Estuary, September 15th; many passing S., Isle of May (Fife), October 3rd and smaller numbers up to 9th. Ture Common Guittemor (Uria troie). Many arrived, Tay Estuary, September 7th; three, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), 10th/11th ; many to S., Isle of May (Fife), October 3rd to 9th. Tue Buack GuintemMoT (Uria grylle). One seen, Isle of May (Fife), October Ist; two, Pentland Skerries, 5th. Tur Purrin (Fratercula arctica). ‘Left nesting-places, Scotland, end of July to September 11th, St. Tudwai’s Islands (Carnarvon), August 21st to 25th; one seen, Fair Isle (Shetland), December 26th and four on 30th. 286 Tae Great Nortuern Diver (Colymbus glacialis). Two seen, Ackergill Bay (Caithness), July 3rd, numerous records, Scotland, after September 18th; one shot, EH. Cottingwith (Yorkshire), November 15th. THE BLACK-THROATED DIVER (Colymbus arcticus). One seen, Inchkeith (Forth), October 27th. THe RED-THROATED DivER (Colymbus septentrionalis). Arrivals, Scot- land, September 6th and after; single birds seen, Dungeness (Kent), September 17th and October 8th and 9th. THE SLAVONIAN GREBE (Podicipes auritus). First seen, Fair Isle (Shetland), September 24th and frequently seen Fair Isle and Largo Bay (Fife), October 18th to November 4th; two arrived, Tiree (Argyll), 11th; two to five seen, Loch Ryan (Wigtown), December 15th to 17th. THE BLACK-NECKED GREBE (Podicipes nigricollis). One shot, Skinbur- ness (Solway), July 29th; one killed, Hanois Lt. (Channel Islands), August 14th/15th. Tur Soory SHEARWATER (Pr ffinus griseus). Oneseen, Straits of Dover, Angust 28th; one killed, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), September 13th/14th; two seen, Isle of May (Fife), October 3rd; one shot, Scarborough (Yorkshire), 10th. THe Manx SuEarwater (Puffinus angloruwm). One seen, Girdleness (Kineardine), August Ist; two killed, N. Unst Lt. (Shetland), 22nd/23rd ; one, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), September 12th/13th ; one shot, Lanfine Moor (Ayr), 20th. THE LRVANTINE SHEARWATER (Puffinus yelkouan). Adult shot, 8.E. of Scarborough (Yorkshire), September 3rd. THe Litrte Dusky SHEARWATER (Puffinus obscurus baroli). One picked up exhausted, Welling (Kent), August 20th. Tue Furmar (fulmarus glacialis). One, Sule Skerry Lt. (Orkney), August 18th ; left breeding-cliffs, Scottish Isles, end of September and returned in November and early December; one caught, Pakefield (Suffolk), October 10th. LEAcH’s ForK-TAILED PETREL (Oceanodroma leucorrhoa). Two, Sule Skerry Lt. (Orkney), August 8th; numbers, Flannan Isles Lt. (Outer Hebrides), 10th; four, Skerries Lt. (Anglesey), September 1&th/19th; one, Barnsness Lt. (EZ. Lothian), October 9th/10th and Butt of Lewis Lt. (Outer Hebrides), 15th/14th ; one shot, Beauly Firth, November 11th. THE STrorM-PETREL (Procellaria pelagica). One found dead, near Cape Wrath (Sutherland), July 20th; two seen, Skerryvore Lt. (Inner Hebrides) 22nd; many, Whalsey Skerries and N. Unst Lts. (Shetland) and Butt of Lewis and Flannan Isles Lts, (Outer Hebrides), August 9th to 16th; one, Hanois Lt. (Channel Islands), 11th/12th ; one seen, Clyde, 16th, 19th and 50th; many, 287 Whalsey Skerries and N. Unst Lts., Stroma Lt. (Caithness) and Tiumpanhead Lt. (Outer Hebrides), September 15th to 21st; one, Bardsey Lt. (Carnarvon), October 10th/11th and November 15th/16th ; one, found dead, Keiss Links (Caithness), October 14th ; some, N. Unst Lt., 17th to 22nd and Isle of May Lt. (Fife), November 3rd; one, St. Catherine’s Lt. (Hants), 4th/5th and 8th/9th and Outer Dowsing Lt.-v. (Lincoln), 6th; several taken on boats in North Sea, 8th; one, Spurn Head Lt. (Yorkshire), 8th/9th ; one, on a boat 27 miles H. of Cromer, 11th. DETAILS OF THE CHIEF MOVEMENTS OBSERVED AT THE LIGHT-STATIONS DURING June 25th. Bethe THE AUTUMN OF 1912. Spurn Head Lt.—A large flock of Starlings flying W. at 7.80 p.m. Wind W.N.W. 5. Overcast, rain. Full Moon. Spurn Head Lt.—F locks of Starlings flying S.W. at 9.30 a.M., 2.45 p.m. and 5.40 p.m. Wind W.S.W. 5 to S.H. 4. Cloudy to overcast. », 80th/July lst. Spurn Head Lt—Three Curlews flying N.W. at July 7th. » lth/12th. Reith: , 14th/15th. » 15th/16th. ,, 16th/17th. ,. 17th/18th. midnight. Wind N.W. Overcast, passing rain. Moon, Last Quarter. Chicken Rock Lt.—A Cuckoo at 2 am. Wind S. 2. Hazy. New Moon. Lundy North Lt.—Three Swifts between 8 and 12 p.m. Wind EH. 3. Clear sky, hazy. Hanois Lt.,—A Swift killed. Wind N.E. light. Hazy. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A Dunlin at 24.m. Wind E.3 Clear. Hanois Lt.—A Sedge-Warbler killed. Wind EK. 4 Hazy, dark. Anvil Point Lt—A Cuckoo at 6 am. Wind E, Clear. July 17th/18th. (contd.). ? or) 21st. 22nd/23rd. 24th/25th. 95th/26th. 29th. 29th/30th, 30th/31st. Ist. Ist/2nd. ord/4th, 289 Morecambe Bay Lt.-v.—A Cuckoo at midnight. Wind N.N. 2. Overcast, misty. Moon, First Quarter. . Chicken Rock Lt,—A. Land-Rail at 2 a.m. Wind FE. 8. Clear. Cromer Lt.—Many Starlings, Lapwings and “ Plovers” all night. Wind E.N.H. 4. Fog. Chicken Rock Lt—A few Song-Thrushes at 11- P.M. Wind EL. 3. Hazy. Hanois Lt.—A Sedge-Warbler killed. Wind S. 3. Hazy. Hanois Lt—A Swift at 2 a.m. WindS, 2. Passing drizzle. Full Moon. Owers Lt.-v.— Swallows” flying 8. Trevose Head Lt.—Fifty Swifts at 9 p.m. Wind S.W. 2. Cloudy. Winterton Lt.—A Swift at 3 am. Wind W.S.W. 2. Clear. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A Knot taken at noon. Wind W. by N. 6. Cloudy, passing rain. Morecambe Bay Lt.-v.—A Willow-Warbler at 2.15 a.m. Wind N.N.W. 5. Cloudy. Trevose Head Lt.—Thirty Swifts at 10 p.m. Wind W.4. Cloudy. Winterton Lt.—Several Swifts at 6 P.M. and midnight. Wind 8.W. 5 to 6. Cloudy, squally. Spurn Head Lt.—Two Cuckoos and twenty Swifts passed S.W. during day. Wind §.W. 5 to W. 5, Overcast, to cloudy. Spurn Head Lt.—Several Sedge-Warblers and a Sky- Lark between 8.40 and 9.30 p.m. Wind S.W. 4 to 5. Overcast. Aug. 2) 99 ) 9 oP) +P) ”) oF) 9) 5th/6th. 6th. 6th/7th. 9th. 9th/10th. 10th. 10th/11th. 11th/12th. 12th/18th. 290 Spurn Head Lt.—Several Sedge- Warblers at 10.20 p.m. and three Cuckoos at 2.50 a.m. Wind W.S.W. 6 to W.5. Cloudy to cloudy and squally. Moon, Last Quarter. Bardsey Lt.— Many Willow-Warblers with a few Common Whitethronts, Sedge- and Grasshopper- Warblers, Spotted Flycatchers, Cuckoos and Dunlins from 12 to3 a.m. Wind N.N.W. 4. Cloudy. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—-Fourteen Curlews flying W.S. W, at 12.45 p.m. Wind W.S.W. - Cloudy. Spurn Head Lt.—Several Common Whitethroats and Wood-Warblers between 9.10 and 11.40 p.m. Wind W.S.W. 5 to W.4. Overcast, misty. Spurn Head Lt.—ight Cuckoos and several Swifts passed S.W. during the day. Wind W. 6 to 5. Cloudy. St. Catherines It.—A few Common Whitethroats, Willow- and Sedge-Warblers from 2 to 2.30 A.M. Wind W. 2. Cloudy, passing showers. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Sedge-Warblers at 9.20 and 10.35 p.M. Wind W.N.W.5 to W. 5. Cloudy. Hanois Lt.—A few Woheatears (small race), Garden- and Sedge-Warblers and a Storm-Petrel between 11 and 11.30 p.m. Wind 8.1. Heavy rain. New Moon. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Swifts flying 8.W. between 6.10 and 6.50 p.m. Wind S.W.3 to 4. Overcast to cloudy. Hanois Lt.—Two Wheatears (small race) at 1 a.m. Wind E. 7, Rain-squalls. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Willow-Warblers between 8.10 p.M. and 3.15 a.m. Wind W. 4 to W.S.W. 4. Cloudy, passing rain. 14th/1l5th. Hanois Lt—An Hared Grebe killed. Wind W. 5. Dark, rain-squalls, Aug. 14th/15th. oP) 97 oP) (contd.). 15th/16th, 16th/17th. 17th. 17th/18th. 18th/19th. 19th. 19th/20th. 20th. 20th/2Ist, 291 Spurn Head Lt.—A few Willow- and Sedge- Warblers between 9.30 p.m. and 2.20 a.m. Wind S.W. 5 to W.6. Overcast, rain to fog, to overcast. Spurn Head Lt.—Two Garden-Warblers at 2 A.M. Wind N.W. 4. Cloudy, squally. Skerries Lt.—A few Wheatears (small race), Sedge- Warblers, Starlings and Turnstones at 1 a.m. Wind 8.S.W. 6. Rain. Spurn Head Lt.—Three Cuckoos and Swifts passing. Wind W. 5. Fog. St. Catherine's Li—A few Garden-Warblers at 2 A.M. Wind W.S.W. 4. Cloudy, passing showers. Spurn Head Lt.— A few Sedge- Warblers between 11.25 and 11.55 p.m. Wind W.5toW.6. Fog. Skerries Lt.—A few Willow- Warblers, Turnstones and Sanderlings at 9 P.m., Wheatears (small race) and Knotsat3 am. Wind S.3to4. Passing showers, to cloudy. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Willow- and Sedge-Warblers between 10.5 and 10.50 p.m. Wind 8. 4 to §.8.E, 5. Misty. Moon, First Quarter. Spurn Head Lt.—A flock of Starlings, five Swifts and three Cuckoos passed S.W. between 1.50 and 7 P.M. Wind 8.W.1to2. Overcast. Spurn Head Lt.—Many Common Whitethroats, Willow- and Wood-Warblers between 8.10 and 12 pm. Wind 8.W. 2. to calm, to W.S.W. 5. Overcast and drizzle, to overcast. Spurn Head Lt.—Many Swifts and a Cuckoo flying S.W. between 1.30 and 6.50 p.m. Wind N.W. 5 to 4, Squally. Spurn Head Lii—A few Common Whitethroats, Willow- and Wood-Warblers between 8.50 and 9.50 p.m. Wind W. 4 to W.N.W. 5. Cloudy, squally. i ey) 20th/2I1st. 21st/22nd. 22nd/28rd. 23rd/24th. 2Ath /25th. 25th/26th. 292 Spurn Head Lt.—Two Cuckoos and a few Swifts passed S.W. during the day. Wind S.W. 2 to 3. Overcast, rain. Seven Stones Lt.-v.—Twenty Redshanks at 11 Pm. Wind N.W. 5. Clear. Lynn Well Lt.-v—Several Coots at 11 p.m. anda Swift at midnight. Wind W. 4 to W.N.W. 2. Clear, dark. Spurn Head Lt.—Many Garden- and Willow-Warblers and a few Arctic Terns between 9.10 p.m. and 2.30 AM. Wind S.W.4 to 3. Overcast, rain. Chicken Rock Li.—Two Wheatears at 11 pw. Wind S.W. 3. Rain. St. Catherine’s Lt.—A few Wheatears (small race) and Garden-Warblers from 10 to 11pm. Wind W. 3. Rain. Chicken Rock It.—A. few Wheatears at 9 p.m. Wind N.2. Cloudy. St. Catherines It—A Common Whitethroat and a Willow-Warbler at 2 4.m. Wind W. 2. Main. Chicken Rock Lt.—Many Wheatears and a few Red- starts, Goldcrests and Curlewsafter midnight. Wind i. 3. Cloudy. Cromer Lt.—A Wheatear and several “ Plovers” from 12to3 am. Wind S.l. 2. Overcast. Lynn Well Lt.-v.—A few Whinchats at 9 p.m. Wind W. 2. Overcast, misty rain. St. Catherines Lt—Large numbers of Wheatears— (small race), with a few Willow- and Sedge- Warblers and Spotted Flycatchers from 2 to 4 a.m. Wind N.W. 38. Overcast, rain. Skerries Lt.—Two Wheatears (small race) at 9.45 P.M, Wind E.N.E. 1. Clear. Skerries Lt.—A few Wheatears (small race) at 4 A.M. Wind E.S.E. 4. Rain. Aug. ) ”) 26th/27th. 27th. 27th/28th. 28th/29th. Sth. 8th/9th. 9th/10th. 293 Skerries Lt.—Twenty Swifts at 9 p.m. and many Knots all night. Wind N.E. 5. Squally. Spurn Head Lt—A few Wood- and Sedge-Warblers between 1 and 1.25 a.m. Wind W. 4. Cloudy, passing rain. Full Moon. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Swifts passed S.W. in the afternoon. Wind W.N.W.5 to W. 4. Overcast. Skerries Lt.—A Wheatear (small race) at 1.30 a.m. Wind S. 2. Clear. Spurn Head Lt.--A Wheatear (small race) at 7.30 P.M. Wind W.N.W. 2. Overcast. Cromer Lt.—A large flock of Starlings flying E. at 7AM. Wind W.3. Overcast, rain. Haenots Li.—-Thirty to forty Wheatears on the rock at dawn. Wind EH. Dark. Moon, Last Quarter. b) Kentish Knock UZt.-v—Hundreds of “ Swallows ’ flying N.W. during the day. Wind N.N.W. 8 to 5. Blue sky, cloudy. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A. Wheatear (small race) at 9am. Wind W.N.W. 4. Overcast. Spurn Head Lt.—A Swift flying S.W. at 6.10 po. Wind W.S.W. 4. Overcast. Spurn Head Lt. —Two flocks of Knots at 10.20 and 11.15 p.m. Wind W.4to 5. Overcast, drizzle. Hanois Lt.—A few Wheatears (both races), Red- starts, Yellow Wagtails and Spotted Flycatchers from Lto4 am. Wind E. 3. Dark. St. Catherines LIt—A few British Song-Thrushes, Redstarts, Common Whitethroats, Blackcaps, Garden-, Willow- and Sedge- Warblers, Chiffchaftfs, Spotted and Pied Flycatchers and Meadow-Pipits, a Wryneck and a Turtle-Dove from 12 to 4 a.m, Wind N.N.E. 4. Cloudy. Sept. 10th/11th. = 11th. pe elalithay 2th. 12th, » 12th/13th. 13th. 99 294 Bishop Rock Lt.—Many Ring-Ouzels, Wheatears (both races), Common Whitethroats and Pied Wacetails from 2to34a.mM. Wind N.N.E. Clear. Hanois [t.—A few Wheatears (both races), Common Whitethroats, Willow-Warblers and a Ring-Ouzel at 3a.M. Wind N.H.3. Very dark. St. Catherine's Lt.—-A few Common Whitethroats, Chiffchaffs, Willow- and Sedge- Warblers, Meadow- Pipits and Swallows from 12 to 4a.m. Wind N. 2. Cloudy. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Grey Plovers, two flocks of Knots, a few “Terns” and three Guillemots between 10.20 and 11.50 p.x. Wind W.S.W. 7 to W. 7, Overcast and squalls of rain. New Moon. Bishop Rock Lt—Many Common Whitethroats, Chifichatts, Willow-Warblers and Spotted Fly- catchers from 12 till5 a.m, Wind N.E. Cloudy. Hanois Lt.—A few Wheatears (both races) and a Common Whitethroat from 12 to 4 am. Wind N.E. 4 to 5. Hazy. Cromer Lt,—Two large flocks of Lapwings flying N, at5 p.m, Wind N.4. Overcast, Hanois Lii—A few Wheatears (both races) and Common Whitethroats, a Redstart, a Goldcrest, a Chiffchaff, a Willow-Warbler, a White Wae- tail and a Sky-Lark between 1 and 4 a.m. Wind EH. 1. Dark, passing haze. St. Catherine's Lt.—A. Lesser Whitethroat, a Chif- ~ chaff and a Willow-Warbler between 12 and 4 a.m. Wind N.E. 2. Clear, starlight. Spurn Head Lt.—Several Willow-Warblers, three flocks of Knots, a Redbreast and a Manx Shearwater between 8.30 and 10 p.m. Wind W.N.W.5. Over- cast, drizzling. Cromer Lt.—Starlings and Sky-Larks congregating all the morning. Wind N. 5. Overcast. 295 Spurn Head Lt.—Thousands of “ Swallows ” flying S.W. 8.45 to 10.45 a.m.; hundreds of “ Linnets” and a few “Thrushes” and “ Redstarts” to 5S.W. from 11 A.M, to 2.30 p.m. Wind S.W. 4. Cloudy. 13th/14th. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Two Song-Thrushes and a Meadow-Pipit between 6 and 7.45 p.m. Wind W.S.W. 2. Overcast, misty. Spurn Head Lt.—-A Sooty Shearwater and a Spotted Flycatcher between 10.20 and 10.35 P.M. Wind N.N.W. 5. Cloudy. Cromer Lt.—Starlings and Sky-Larks congregating all the morning, Wind N.N.W. 3. Overcast. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Sky-Larks flying W.N.W. at 10 am. Wind N.W. 3. Overcast, fog. Winterton Lt.—A Golderest killed. Wind N.W. 1. Misty. 14th/l5th. Hanois Lt.—A few Wheatears (both races), Red- starts, Common Whitethroats, Garden-, Willow- and Sedge-Warblers, Chiffchaffs, Yellow Wagtails, Spotted and Pied Flycatchers from 12 to 4 a.m. Wind N. 3. Overcast, drizzling rain, dark. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v—A Golden Plover at 3 A.M. Wind N.E. 2. Fog. St. Catherines Lt—Large numbers of Wheatears (small race), a few Common Whitethroats, Black- caps, Garden-, Willow- and Sedge- Warblers, Spotted Flycatchers, Sky-Larks, Turtle- Doves, Land- Rails and Knots from 10 p.m. to 3 am. Wind N.N.W. 2. Overcast. Spurn Head Lt.—Many Sedge-Warblers and a few Common Whitethroats, Grey Plovers and “ Terns ” between 7.10 and 9.5 pu. Wind W.N.W. 3 to W.3. Cloudy, to overcast. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Sky-Larks flying W.N.W. at noon. Wind N.N.E. 38. Overcast, clear. Sept. 15th/16th. 296 Hanois Lt.—A few Wheatears (small race), Common Whitethroats and Garden- Warblers from 12 to 4 a.m. Wind EF. 1. Dark. St. Cutherine’s Lt.—A. few Redstarts, Common White- throats, Sedge-Warblers and Spotted Flycatchers at 12and 2AM. Wind N.E.1. Cloudy. Skerries LIt.—Two Song-Thrushes and a Wheatear (small race) at 11.30 p.m. Wind N. 3. Clear. Spurn Head. Lt.—Three Willow-Warblers at 7.40 p.m. Wind W.N.W. 4. Cloudy, passing rain. Hanois Lt.—A few Wheatears (small race), Redstarts, Continental Redbreasts, Common Whitethroats, Garden-, Willow- and Sedge-Warblers, Chiffchatfts, Spotted Flycatchers and Meadow-Pipits from 1 to 5am. Wind H.1. Dark, hazy. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Several Meadow-Pipits during the night. Wind 8.W.1. Cloudy, clear. St. Catherine's Lt.—A few Common Whitethroats at midnight. Wind N.E. 2. Cloudy. Spurn Head Lt—A few Wheatears, Sedge- Warblers, Grey Plovers and “Terns” between 10.10 and 11.50 p.m. Wind N.W.3to5. Cloudy. Bishop Rock Lt.—Many Wheatears (both races), Whin- chats, Redstarts, Willow- Warblers and Spotted Flycatchers, a Ring-Ouzel, a Nightingale and a Sanderling from 4 till 5 a.m. Wind E.N.E. 4, Hazy. Hanois [t.—A few Whinchats, Redstarts, Continental Redbreasts, Common Whitethroats, Willow- and Sedge- Warblers from 1 to4 a.m. Wind H.2. Dark, hazy. St. Catherines It—A few Common Whitethroats, Garden-, Sedge- and Grasshopper- Warblers at 11. p.m. Wind N.E. 1. Overcast. Skerries [t.—A few Song-Thrushes and Sky-Larks between 8.30 and 10 p.m. Wind N.N.E. 3. Clear. Moon, First Quarter. Sept. 18th/19th. ” 9? 9 7 ”? Oct. 19th/20th. 20th, 20th/21st. 26th. 28th. 29th, 29th /30th. Ist. PAS) Chicken Rock Lt.—Many Song-Thrushes, with a few Blackbirds, Ring-Ouzels, Redbreasts and Golden Plovers all night. Wind EH. 2. Haze. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Meadow-Pipits at 11 p.m. Wind N.E. 4. Overcast. Skerries It—A few Song-Thrushes at 9.30 p.m. and two Fork-tailed Petrels at 11 p.m. Wind E.S.E. 4. Clear. S. Stack Lt—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Sky-Larks from 8 to 12 p.m. Wind E. 3. Light haze. Chicken Rock Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds, Ring-Ouzels and Starlings at 2 am. Wind S.E. 3. Haze. Hanois Lt.—A Kittiwake at 6 p.r. Wind EK. Clear. Skerries Lt.—Two Song-Thrushes and a Wheatear. (small race) at 2.4.Mm. Wind §.E.4. Clear. Skerries Lt.—Highteen Song-Thrushes on the island at 11.30 a.m. Wind 8... 4. Clear. Skerries Lt.—A Blackbird at 8.15 p.m. and a few Song- Thrushes at 1.380 am, Wind §.H. 4. Slight haze, to clear. Full Moon. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Small flocks of Sky-Larks flying S.W. during the forenoon. Wind E. 6 to 7. Clear. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Four Sky-Larks and a “ Red- wing” flying S.W. by W. at 10.15 am. Wind H.S.E. 6. Overcast, passing rain. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Thirty Sky-Larks flying S.W. between 7 and9a.M. Wind S.E. 4 to 5. Haze, to drizzling rain, Shipwash Lt.-v.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks at 34M. Wind §.8.E.6. Clear. Girdler Lt.-v.—Many “ Martins” flying S.W. from 7 to9 am. Wind W.6. Cloudy, misty. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Small flocks of Starlings and Sky- Larks flying S.W. all day, Wind W.7to4. Hazy. U Oct. = est: (contd. ). » wLst/2nd. F 2nd. » 2nd/srd. a ord, » ord/4th. 55 4th, oy kislautByi0A\, 5th. ZIG S. Goodwin Lt.-v.— A Wouse-Martin arrived from W.N.W. at 11 a.m. and fell dead on deck. Wind W. by 8.4. Clear. St. Catherine’s Lt.— A few Blackcaps and Garden- Warblers at 8.50 p.a., Common Whitethroats, Chiff- chatls and Willow-Warblers at 11.15 p.m. and a British Song-Thiush at 5 a.m. Wind E. 2. Rain. Shipwash Lt-v.—Vwenty Sly-Larks flying S.W. at 10 a.m. Wind N. 5. Clear. S. Goodwin Lt.-v.—A. Goldecrest arrived from N. at 10.20 a.m. Wind N.N.E. 3. Rain. Hanois Lt.—Many Meadow-Pipits and a few Conti- nental Song-Thrushes and Pied Wagtails from 8 to 10pm. Wind E. 5. Passing drizzle. St. Catherines Lt.—Large numbers of Song-Thrushes (both races), Common Whitethroats, Blackcaps, Garden - Warblers and Woodcocks, with a few Wheatears (small race), Redstarts, Sedye-Warblers and Spotted Flycatchers from 6.30 to 8.0P.m. Wind E.N.E. 3. Overcast. Mcon, Last Quarter. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Fifteen Sky-Larks flying W.N.W. at noon. Wind N. 6. Clear. Bardsey Lt.—Large numbers of Starlings, many Red- wings and Blackbirds, with a few Mistle- and Song- Thrushes, Sky-Larks, Water-Rails, Woodeocks, Common Snipes and Dunlins from 7.30 P.M, to 3 a.m, Wind S.W. 3. Overcast. Girdler Lt.-v.—Several “Sparrows” flying 8.W. from 7109amM. Wind N.by W.4. Cloudy. Kentish Knock Lt-v.—A few Chaflinches flying W.N W.at4d vm. Wind N.E. 2. Cloudy. «© Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.A few Song-Thrushes from 8.30 to 11.30p.m. Wind W.N.W. 3. Overcast. ‘Girdler Lt.v.—Many “Martins,” “Sparrows” and Sky-Larks flying S.W. (some on board) from 6 to llam. Calm. Fog and mist. Oct. 5th. (contd.). ob) ”) ty ed ) 7 5th/6th. 6th. 6th/7th. 7th. 7th/8th. 8th/9th. 299 Shipwash Lt.-v.—Vifty Sky-Larks and “ Sparrows” flying S.W. at ll am. Wind W,1. Clear. Bardsey Lt—WLarge numbers of Song-Thrushes and Starlings, many Redwings and Blackbirds, with a few Goldcrests, Water-Rails and Knots from 7 P.M. to 5.30 A.M. Wind N.N.E. 2. Overcast, passing rain, Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A. few Tree-Sparrows at 1] P.N. Wind §.8.E. 2. Cloudy. Girdler Lt.-v.—Many flocks of Chaffinches, “Sparrows” and other small birds flying S8.W. from 6 to 11 a.m. Wind S.E.1. Cloudy. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Sparrows at 9 a.m. and Sky-Larks at 9.30 a.m. flymg W.S.W. and a few Chaffinches at noon to the W. Wind 5.8.H. 3 to 8.S.W. 1. Cloudy. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A Chaffinch on board at 4.30 p.m. Wind S.W. by W. 4. Cloudy. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Small flocks of Chaffinches and Sky- Larks flying 8.W. all day. Wind 8.W. 2. Clear. Kentish Knock Lt-v—A few Starlings at 10.30 p.m. Wind §.W. 2. Cloudy. Girdler Lt.-v.—Many flocks of “ Sparrows,” Skylarks etc., flying S.W. from 7 am. to 5 p.m. Wind S.W.jiand 2. Mist and fog. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Small flocks of Chaffinches and Sky- Larks flying 8.W. from 10 a.m.to 3 pM. Calm. Fog. S. Goodwin Lt.-v.—Two Chaftinches on board, left to W.N.W. at 4.30 p.m. Calm. Clear. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Starlings, Grey Plovers and Knots between 8 and 11.50 p.m. Wind W.S.W. 4. to S.W. 3. Fog, to drizzle. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Several Starliigs at 4.30 a.m. Wind E.S.H. 3. Clear. u2 Oct. 8th/9th. (contd.). 3) 9th. pp Sakon, 300 Skerries Lt—A few Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky- Larks at 3 a.m. Wind S.S.E. Gloomy. S. Stack Lt.—A few Blackbirds and Sky-Larks at 5 a.m. Wind 8S. 5. Cloudy, bazy. Gidler Lt.-v.—Several “Sparrows” about the ship from 6.30 a.M. to noon and a Starling at 4 P.M. Wind I. 3 to 2, to E. by N. 4. Blue sky, misty. Haisboro’ Lt.-v.cSeveral flocks of “ Crows” and Sky- Lars flying W. Wind S8.E. 3. Blue sky, clear. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Small flocks of Sky-Larks flying W.S.W. from 7 toll a.m. Wind E.S.E. 38. Cloudy. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Small flocks of Chaffinches and Sky- Larks flying W. all day. Wind E.3. Fog. S. Goodwin Lt.-v.—A Goldcrest on deck, went W. at 8.50 a.m.; a Brambling arrived and went W. at 3.30 P.M. Wind 8.E. 2 to E.N.E. 3, Hazy. Spurn Head Lt.—“ Finches of all kinds” passing to S.W. all day. Wind 8. 5. Overcast. Witherirsea Lt—Many Redwings, Blackbirds and Gold- crests in the garden at 9 a.m. Wind E.S.E. 3. Misty. Bardsey Lt.—A few Mistle- and Song-Thrushes, Black- birds and Sky-Larks from 8 till 12 p.m. Wind §.E. 3. Cloudy. Eddystone Lt—lWLarge numbers of Starlings, a few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds, Meadow-Pipits and Sky- Larks and a Ring-Ouzel in the early morning. Wind K.N.E. 3. Hazy. Lundy North Lt,—Six House-Martins from 9 to 12 p.m. Wind H.-2. Hazy. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Several Starlings at 8 a.m. Wind E.S.E. 38. Clear. St. Anthony Lt.—A few Goldcrests, Meadow-Pipits and Starlings, apparently flying 8., from 3 to 4 a.m, Wind E.N.E. 2. Overcast, hazy. Oct. 9th/10th. (contd.). ue 10th. ,, 10th/L1th. a01 St. Catherine's Lt A Wheatear (large race) at 9.30 P.M, many Starlings and a few Sky-Larks at 4.30 a.m. Wind HK. 8. Cloudy. Skerries Lt.--A Blackbird and two Sky-Larks at mid- night. Calm. Cloudy. Spurn Head Lt.—Two Bramblings and a Goldcrest at 11.15 p.m. Wind S.8.E.3. Fog. New Moon. Girdler Lt.-v.—Several Chaffinches, “ Sparrows” and Starlings flying W. from 7 a.m. to noon, Wind E.S.E. 8 to 2. Blue sky, misty. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.cThree Bramblings at 7 a.M.; a few Starlings and Sky-Larks flying W. from 7 to 12 am., and Starlings to W. at 3.50 p.m.; a Red- breast on board at 1240 pm. Wind E.S.E. 3 to S.E. 3. Blue sky, to cloudy, to misty, to fog. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Small flocks of Chaffinches and Sky- Larks flying S.W. all day. Wind E.S.E. 3. Fog. Bardsey Lt.— A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds, Wheatears (large race) and Starlings, a Blackcap and a Storm-Petrel from 12 to 4a.m. Wind 8.8.W. 4, Cloudy, hazy. Eddystone Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes and Starlings after midnight. Wind E.2. Hazy. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks from 8 to 12 p.m. Wind S. 3. Blue sky. St. Tudwal’s Lt—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds, Willow-Warblers and Common Snipes from 11 P.M. to4am. WindS.3. Cloudy. Skerries Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds, Star- lings and Sky-Larks at 3 am. Wind 8.S.W. 3. Misty. tthernsea Lt.—Many Starlings from 10.30 P.M. to 3.80 a.m. Wind H.1. Misty, to fog. Oct. 11th », Lith/12th. ” 7 12th. 12th/13th, Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Three large flocks of ‘‘ Crows” flying W. between 4 and 5.10 p.m. Wind 8. by W.3. Cloudy. Shipwash Lt.-v.Small flocks of Starlings and Sky- Larks flying 8. W. all day. Calm. Fog. Bardsey Lt.—A few Blackbirds and Sky-Larks at 7PM. WindS.S.W.1. Cloudy. Eddystone Lt.—Many Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Sky-Larks after midnight. Wind E.1, Fog. Mcrecambe Bay Lt.-v.—Several Song-Thrushes at 24M. Winds.S.H.3. Fog. Skerries Lt.—A few Sovg-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Sky-Larks, a Mistle-Thrush and a Moorhen at 2.30 aM. Wind S.S.W.5 to 4. Hazy. Spurn Head [t.—Many Sky-Larks and a few Red- wings and Starlings fiom 2.50 to 5.40 a.m. Wind S.E.3 to S. 4. Overcast and drizzle, to cloudy. Girdler Lt.-v.—Thirty “Sparrows” on board, left to S.E. at 10.80 a.m. Calm. Thick fog. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A Sky-Lark at 3.50 p.m. and five “Crows” at 5p.m. tying W. Wind S.W. 1. Fog. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Flocks of Starlings and Sky-Larks flying S.W. all day. Wind variable. Foe. S. Goodwin Lt.-v.—A Tree-Sparrow on deck at 3 P.M. (found dead three days later). Calm. Hazy. Bardsey Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Sky-Larks from 8 till 12 p.m. Wind 8.S.W. 4. Cloudy. Eddystone Lt.—A few Sky-Larks and a Wheatear (large race) after midnight. Wind 8. 2. Cloudy. Lundy North Lt.—Twelve Blackbirds at 10 Pm, Wind S8.S.W. 2. Clear. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Starlings and Sky-Larks from 5 to 10pm. WindS.W.1. Fog. Oct. 12th/13th. (contd.). 55 13th. 13th/14th. . 14th. , 14th/15th. es 15th. » 1dth/16th. 5 16th. 303 Skerries Lt—Several Redwings and Blackbirds at 4am. WindS.W.toS. Hazy. Girdler Lt.-v.—Two Starlings on board at 10,30 a.m. and a Chaffinch at 3 pM. Wind 8.38 toS.S.E. 1. Cloudy, misty. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Small flocks of Starlings, ° “Crows ” and Sky-Larks flying W. all day. Wind S. by W. 4. Cloudy. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Chaffinches, Starlings and Sky-Larks flying S.W. allday. Wind S.W.3. Fog. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A few Redwings and Starlings from 9.30 to 11.15 p.m. Wind S.S.W. 2. Cloudy. Skerries Lt—A Black Redstart at 6 a.m. Cloudy. Spurn Head Lt.— A few Redwings, Golderests, Meadow-Pipits, Sky-Larks, Grey Plovers and Knots exon: 7 ti JUL eave, oun AVS WS 1) TO WW Cloudy, misty. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Small flocks of Starlings, “Crows” and Sky-Larks flying W. allday. Wind 8.5. W. 6. Hanois Lt.—A few Meadow-Pipits at 4 a.m. Wind 18s Il, Derrek, Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Two Starlings at 6.30 and 7pm. Wind N.W.5. Cloudy. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Two flocks of “ Crows” flying W. at 2.30 and4p.m. WindS.W. Cloudy. Hanois Lt.—Many Meadow-Pipits and Sky-Larks, with a few British Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Ring- Ouzels, Wheatears (large race), Stonechats and Starlings, a Black Redstart, a Goldcrest and a Chiffchalf from 3 to 6am. Wind S.1. Overcast, misty. Spurn Head Lt—A Sky-Lark at 8.10 p.m. Wind W. 4. Overcast. Inner Dowsing Lt.-v.—Two Whinchats caught at 3P.M. Wind S8.W.5. Cloudy, clear. 304 Oct. 16th. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Starlings and (contd.). Sky-Larks, many ‘“‘ Rooks” and a few Fieldfares, Blackbirds, Chaffinches and ‘ Sparrows” flying W. and N.W. between 9 a.m. and 3.40 pu. Wind W.S.W. 2 to S.W. 3. Blue sky with clouds. » 16th/17th Hanois Lt.—A few Meadow-Pipits at 4 a.m. Wind W.4. Passing showers. Inner Dowsing Lt.-v.—Seven Wheatears (small race) at 10 p.m. Wind W.S.W. 4. Overcast, rain, clear. Lynn Well Lt.-v.—A Brambling and a Starling at 7PM. Wind S.W. 4. Misty rain. Winterton Lt.—A few Starlings from 1 to 3 aM. Wind 8.W. 3. Misty rain, to passing showers. 17th. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—Four Sky-Larks flying from E. to N. between 12 and 4 p.m. Wind W.N.W. 4. Clear. 2) Shipwash Lt.-v——Large numbers of Sky-Larks, many Starlings and “ Rooks,’ with a few Fieldfares and “Sparrows” flying W. and N.W. between 9.40 a.m. and1.40p.m, Wind N.W. 4 to W.N.W.3. Cloudy. », 17th/18th. Hanois Lt.—A few Meadow-Pipits at 4a.m. Wind ING Za Dama Inner Dowsing [t.-v.—Four Starlings at 9p.m. Wind N.W. 4. Overcast, clear. 5 18th. Moon, First Quarter. Inner Dowsing Lt.-v.—Uarge flocks of Starlings flying W. in the afternoon. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Four Starlings at 4 P.M.; a large flock of ‘‘ Crows” flying N.W. at 5 p.m. and a flock of Starlings flymg W. at 6.50 Pp... Wind S.W.5. Misty rain. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—Sixty “Crows” flying N.W. between 8 and 12 4.m. Wind N.W. 4, Clear. Ocis Leth: (contd.). » 18th/19th. » AG sike 19th/20th. 305 Shipwash Lt.-v.—Many Starlings, “ Rooks” and Sky- Larks with a few “Thrushes,” “ Chaffinches” and “Tinnets” flying W. and N.W. from 10 a.m. to 3.15 p.m, Wind W. by N. 2, toS.W. 3. Cloudy. Eddystone Lt—A Song-Thrush and a Ring-Ouzel before midnight. Wind W.S.W. 6. Cloudy. Inner Dowsing Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Starlings at ll pm. Wind 8.W. 4. Cloudy, passing rain. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Several Redwings and Sky- Larks. Wind W.S.W. to W.N.W. 5. Overcast, passing rain, Lynn Well Lt.-v.—A few Starlings at 10 p.m. Wind S.W. 4. Overcast, showery. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Many Starlings at 7.380 P.M., several Lapwings at 10.20 P.M. and a Redwing at 2am. Wind S.W. 4 to N.W. 4. Misty rain, to overcast and rain, Ouier Gabbard Lt.-v.—A few Sky-Larks from 8 to 12 p.m. and Tree-Sparrows from 12 to4 am. Wind W.S.W. 4, to W. by N. 4. Clear. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Sky-Larks from 8.30 to 8.50 pM. Wind W.N.W. 4 to W. 3. Cloudy, misty. Kentish Knock ILt.-v.—Thirty “Sparrows” flying W.N.W. at 3 pm. Wind W.N.W. 4. Cloudy, clear. S. Goodwin Lt.-v.—Thirty “Crows” tlying W.N.W. at 10.15 a.m, Wind W.N.W. 5. Clear. Cromer Lt.—A Goldcrest at 2.45 a.m. Haisboro’ Lt.-v.—A few Starlings flying W. at 7 p.m. Wind N.W. 4. Cloudy. Inner Dowsing Lt.-v.—Five Song-Thrushes at 1 4.M. Wind W. 4. Overcast, rain. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Several Song-Thrushes, Star- lings and Sky-Larks. Wind W. 5, Thick mist. 306 Oct. 19th/20th. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A few Starlings at 6.20 p.m. (contd.). and mavy at 2.a.M. Wind W. 4, to W. by S. 4. Overcast, rain to cloudy. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v-—-A few Tree-Sparrows, Star- lings and Sky-Larks from 12 to 4 a.m, Wind W.3. Cloudy, rain. Spurn Head Lt.—Many Starlings, with a few Field- fares between 10.20 p.m. and 3.30 am. Wind S.W. 4. Overcast. Winterton Lt.—A few Starlings from 3 to 6 a.m. Wind S.W. 5. Passing misty rain. Withernsea Lt.—Many Redwings and Starlings from 9PM. to4amM. Wind E.N.E. 4, Rain and mist. sp adliles Haisboro’ Lt.-v.—Several large flocks of Starlings, Sky-Larks and other small birds flying W. during the day. Wind W.S.W. 5. Clear. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Fifty Starlings flying W. at 2.30 P.M, Wind 8.W. by W. 5. Cloudy, clear. Lynn Well Lt.-v.—A Goldcrest at 8PM. Wind W.S.W.4 to 5. Squally and showery. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Thirty Starlings flymg W. at 9.30 a.M.; a large flock of Starlings and Sky-Larks to the W. at 2.30 p.m. Wind W. by 8.4. Cloudy. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Many Starlings and Sky-Larks, with a few Chaffinches and “ Rooks” flying N.W. between 10 a.m, and 3.15 p.m. Wind W.S.W. 4. Blue sky with clouds. S. Goodwin It.-v.--A hundred “Crows” flying W.N.W. at ll am. Wind W.byS. 5. lear. Winterton Lt.-—Flocks of Starlings arriving from over the sea flying W. at noon and Sky-Larks at 1 p.m. » 20th/21st. Cromer Lt—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks from 1380) Pan to 1-40) vente Wand (S:S:. Wed ton 2: Overcast, rain. d07 20th/21st. Dudgeon Lt.-v.—A few Starlings, a Blyth’s Reed Warbler, a Chaffinch and a Linnet. Wind W.S.W. 4. Rain. Haisboro’ Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Starlings and Sky- Larks and a few Blackbirds from 9 to 12 P.n.; a few tedwings, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 1.30 to 2.15 aM. Wind W.S.W.5to4. Overcast, rain. Hanois Lt.—A Starling at 1 am. Wind N.W. 6, Dark, rain squalls. Inner Dowsing Lt.-v.—A Sky-Lark at 4.a.m. Wind W.4. Cloudy, clear. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Starlings and Sky- Larks and a few Redwings from 10.20 P.M, to 1.40 4.m. Wind 8.W. 3 to W.S.W. 3. Overcast, rain. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Starlings and Sky-Larks, with a few Blackbirds at 11 p.m. and 2am. Wind W.N.W.8 to 4. Overcast, rain. Skerries Lt.—A few Redwings, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks between 9 p.m. and 1 am. Wind W.5 to W.S.W. 5. Passing showers. Spurn Head Lt.—Many Starlings and afew “Thrushes” between 7.10 4.M.andd6p.m. Wind S.W.2. Cloudy.. Winterton Lt.—A few Starlings at 9 p.m. and 3 a.M. Wind 8.W. 4 to W.S.W. 3. Passing rain and mist. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Several large flocks of Starlings and Sky-Larks flying W. from 9 te 12 a.m. Wind W.S.W.3. Cloudy, clear. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks round the vessel from8 to 12a4.mM. Wind 8.W. 4. Clear. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Many Starlings, “Rooks” and Sky- Larks flying W. and N.W. between 11 a.m. and 2.20 p.m. Wind 8.W. 6 to 3. Cloudy. 308 Oct. 21st/22nd. Bardsey Lt.—Large numbers of Blackbirds with a few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Starlings and Sky- Larks and flocks of “ Ducks,” Lapwings and Curlews from 2 till 5 am. Wind E.N.E. 8. Overcast, rain, Carnarvon Bay Lt.-v,— Large numbers of Song- Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings at 2 a.m. Wind N.E. 4. Overcast, passing rain. Dudgeon Lt.-v.—Many “Thrushes” and Starlings. Wind W.N.W. 2. Cloudy. Lynn Well Lt-v.—A few Starlings at 2 a.m. Wind NE.3. Cloudy, lightning. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks from 12to4 a.m. Wind S. Clear. St. Catherine’s Lt.—Many Starlings and a few Meadow- Pipits at 4 a.m. Wind N.E. 2. Cloudy. Skerries Lt—A few Blackbirds and Starlings at 11.30 pw. Wind N.E.5. Clear. Whitby Lt.--A Chaffinch at 3 am. Wind E. 4, Cloudy. A 22nd. Cromer Lt.—Many flocks of Starlings and Sky-Larks flying N. from 9 to 11 a.m. Haisboro’ Lt.-v.—Several flocks of “ Finches,” Starlings, “Crows” and Sky-Larks passing during the day. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Many large flocks of Starlings and Sky-Larks flying S.W. from 9 a.m. to 3 P.M. ; thirty Chaffinches to the W. at 10 a.m.; twelve “Sparrows” to the W.N.W. at 2 p.m. and large numbers of “Crows” to the W.N.W. at 2.30 p.m. Wind 8.E. 4. Overcast, clear. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Many Starlings and a few Blackbirds, Chaffinches and “ Linnets” flying W. and N.W. between 10.30 a.m. and 1 pM. Wind §.S.E. 4. Cloudy. S. Goodwin It.-v.—A Starling arrived and flew W. at 1.45 p.m, Wind S.E.4. Clear. Oct. 22nd/23rd. Bardsey Lt—Large numbers of Blackbirds, many Red- wings and Starlings, a few Song-Thrushes and Sky- Larks, a Mistle-Thrush and a Knot, from 12 to 5.30 A.M. Wind §. 4, Cloudy, passing rain. FE Oct. 22nd/23rd. Carnarvon Bay Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Redwings (contd.). and Blackbirds at 4 a.m. Wind 8.S.E. Cloudy, rain. Chicken Rock Lt.—Large numbers of Blackbirds and Starlings with a few Fieldfares, Blackbirds and Sky- Larks at 8.a.mM. WindS.4. Haze. Cromer Lt.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks from 3.40 to4 am. Wind N.W.1. Overcast. Dudgeon Lt.-v.—A few Starlings. Eddystone LIt,—Several Starlings before midnight. Wind N.N.E. 2. Hazy. Large numbers of Starlings and Sky-Larks and a few Song-Thrushes, Redwings and Blackbirds, after midnight. Wind W.N.W. 3. Drizzly rain. Hanois Lt—lLarge numbers of Starlings and Sky- Larks, many Meadow-Pipits, a few Song-Thrushes, Redwings and Blackbirds, a Redbreast and two Goldcrests from 8 to 5 am. Wind 8. 1. Rain, dark. Inner Dowsing Lt.-v.—A few Starlings at 10 P.M. Wind E.S.E. 3. Cloudy, passing rain. Leman and Ower It.-v.—Many Starlings with a few Pied Wagtails and Tree-Sparrows at 9.20 and 10.10 p.m. Wind N.W.3. Overcast. Lundy North Lt.—A few Redwings and Blackbirds at 5am. WindS.8.W. 4. Rain. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Many Starlings, with a few Blackbirds, Chaffinches, Bramblings and Sky-Larks from 8to5 aM. Wind N.N.W.2. Cloudy, misty. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—Many Sky-Larks from 8 to 10.35 p.m. and a few Starlings from 11 P.M. to 8 a.m., apparently flying W. Wind 8.8.E. 4 to W.N.W. 4. Clear. St. Tudwal’s Lt.—Large numbers of Starlings and a few Blackbirds from 3.380 a.m. to dawn. Wind 8. 2. Overcast, rain. Oct. 22nd/23rd. 310 Skerries Lt.—Many Blackbirds, and a few Redwings, Starlings and Sky-Larks and a Common Snipe be- tween 9 Pm. and 3 AM. Wind S.E. 4 to §S. 4. Clear. S. Stack Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Black- birds, Starlings aud Sky-Larks at 3 a.m. Wind 8S. Overcast, showery. Dudgeon Lt.-v.—A Golderest at ]1 am. Wind N.W.4. Cloudy. Hanois Lt—A small flock of Larks” flying S. at 10 A.M. Inner Dowsing Lt.-v.—Three large flocks of Starlings flying W. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Large numbers of “Thrushes,” Starlings and Sky-Larks flying W.S.W. during the day. Wind W.N.W.2 to 3. Cloudy, clear. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Thirty Starlings flying W. at 9.50 a.M.; a Goldcrest caught at 10.50 a.m. and two more at3 P.M. Wind W. 2 to N.N.W. 2. Cloudy. HHanois Lt.—A few Meadow-Pipits, Starlings and Sky- Larks at 5 a.m. Wind N.N.W.2. Rain. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Sky-Larks and a few Chaffinches from 8.15 to 11.40 p.m. Wind W.N.W. 4. Misty. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks from 2to4 am. WindS.4. Clear. Winterton Lt—A few Starlings at 4 and 5 am. Wind 8.W. 2. Misty rain. Haisboro’ Lt.-v.—Many flocks of “ Linnets,” Starlings and Sky-Larks flying W. during the day. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Several large flocks of “ Spar- rows,” Starlings and Sky-Larks flying W. during the day. Wind W.S.W. 1 to 3. Cloudy, clear to 11 a.m., fog from 11 a.m. to 5 P.M. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks flying S. and §.W. between 8 a.m. and 12.35 P.M, Wind W.N.W.4 to S.W. 3. BLL Shipwash Lt.-v.—Many Sky-Larks and a few “ Spar- rows” and “ Rooks” flying W. and N.W. between 10.40 a.m.and1.830p.m. Wind W.S.W.1. Cloudy. Dudgeon Lt.-v.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks at 10 p.m. Wind 8.8.W. 2. Cloudy, misty. Eddystone Lt—A Sky-Lark. Wind W.N.W. 3. Cloudy. Haisboro’ Lt.-v.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks from 9tol2p.m. WindS.W. Misty. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Starlings and Sky-Larks, with a few Tree-Sparrows from 7.15 to 9.50 p.m. Wind N.N.W. 38. Overcast, misty. Outer Galbard Lt.-v.—A few Sky-Larks and two Hooded Crows, apparently arrived from E. between 8 and 10 p.m.; a few Starlings from 4 to 6 a.m. Wind S. to W.N.W. 4. Clear. Spurn Head Lt.—Many Song-Thrushes and Redwings, a few Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 8 to 10.30 p.m. Wind W. 5. Cloudy, misty. Cromer Lt.—Large flocks of Starlings flying N. at 8 A.M, : Dudgeon Lt.-v.—Sixty “Crows” at 11.80 am. and twenty Sky-Larks at noon, flying W. Wind W. 3. Cloudy, misty. Hanois Lt.—A small flock of “ Larks” flying round tower at noon. Wind N.W. 4. Heavy showers. Inner Dowsing [t.-v.—Several large flocks of Starlings and “ Crows” flying W. during day; a large flock of “Crows” on board at 4 p.m. Thick fog. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Many large flocks of Starlings, “ Crows” and Sky-Larks and smaller flocks of Chatf- finches and “Sparrows” flying W. during the day, Wind W.N.W.1 to 3. Thick mist. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v—Two Rooks flying S.W. (one taken) at 11.450 am. Wind 8.W. 2. Clear. 312 25th/26th. Carnarvon Bay Lt.-v—A few Reed-Buntings at 10pm. Wind 8.8.E.3. Cloudy. Lynn Well Lt.-v.—A few Starlings at 9 p.w.; a dozen “ Crows ” arrived on board at 8 P.M. and left at 9 a.m. Wind W.S.W. 1. Dense fog. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—Two Carrion-Crows between 6 and 8 p.m. (one killed) and two Starlings between 12and4am. Wind 8.S.W. 1 toS.W. 1. Clear. Spurn Head Lt—A few Sky-Larks from 7.10 to 9.50 p.m. Wind 8.W.4toS.S.W. 2. Misty. Full Moon. Dudgeon Lt.-v.—Six “ Crows” flying W. at 7 a.m. Wind E. 1. Foe. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Large numbers of “ Crows” flying round ship. Fog. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—Six “ Sparrows” on board from 8tol2 a.m. Wind E.S.E. 3. Clear. Shipwash L[t.-v.—Many Starlings, “ Rooks” and Sky- Larks and a few Chaffinches and “ Linnets” flying W. and N.W. from 8.380 a.m. to 12.40 p.m. Wind calm, to S. by E. 2,to 8.3. Fog, to cloudy, to over- cast and rain. Spurn Head Lt.—A. few Sky-Larks from 7.45 p.m. to 3.50 A.M. Wind W.N.W. 3 to 8.S.W. 5. Fog, to cloudy and passing rain. Dudgeon Lt.-v.—Fifteen Starlings flying W. at 10 a.m. Wind 8.W. 4. Cloudy. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—-Several large flocks of Starlings and Sky-Larks flying W. during the day. Wind S.W. 6. Cloudy, clear. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A Continental Redbreast taken at4p.m. Wind 8.W. by W.4. Cloudy. Shipwash [t.-v.—Many Starlings and Sky-Larks flying W. and N.W. from 10.10 tol] am. Wind8.S.W. 6, Cloudy. d13 Oct. 27th. Whitby Lt.—Small flocks of “ Thrushes ” and Fieldfares (contd.). flying W. from over the sea during the day. Wind S.W.4. Cloudy. » 2¢th/28th. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Starlings and a few Blackbirds from 8.20 to 9.10 p.m. Wind 8.W. 4. Overcast. Skerries Lt—A few Blackbirds at 2.30 a.m. Wind S.8.H. 5, Passing showers. » 28th/29th. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Redwings and Sky-Larks from 815 P.M. to 2.30 a.m. Wind 8. 5 to 4. Cloudy, squally. » 29th/30th. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Starlings and a few - Blackbirds from 10.20 to 12 p.m. Wind S&S. 3. Overcast, rain. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.-—A Starling at6 p.m, Wind N. by E. 6. Cloudy, squalls of rain. oobi. Shipwash Lt.-v.— Many “ Rooks” flying N.W. between 10.20 a.m. and 1.80 p.m. Wind 8.8.W. 6. Over- cast, rain. », o0th/3lst. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Starlings, with a few Blackbirds and Pied Wagtails from 8.40 to 9.15 p.m. Wind 8.W. 4. Overcast, misty rain. Skerries [i.—A Redwing anda Blackbird at 10 p.m. Wind §.8.E. 3. Clear. » olst/Nov. Ist. Hanois Lt.—Two British Song-Thrushes at 8.30 P.M. Wind N.N.E. 4. Dark, hazy. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Starlings and a few Blackbirds at 10.40 p.m. Wind W.8.W.3. Cloudy, misty. Skerries It—A few Sky-Larks at 10 p.m. Wind S.8.E. 3. Passing showers. Winterton Lt—A few Starlings at 3 and 4 a.m. Wind 8.W. 3 to N.W. 4. Passing rain, to mist. Noy. Ist. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Several large flocks of Chaf- finches and Sky-Larks flying W. during the day. Wind N. 4 to 5. Cloudy, clear. xX Nov. Ilst/2nd. 7 te) 2nd. 2nd/3rd. d14 Carnarvon Bay Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Blackbirds and Starlings at 2a.m. Wind N.W. 2. Cloudy. Hanois It.—Five Starlings and a Song-Thrush between S8and12Ppm. Wind N. 2. Dark. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Starlings and Sky- Larks, with a few Redwings, Fieldfares and Black- birds from 9.20 to 11.40 p.m. Wind 8.S.W. 4. Overcast. St. Catherine’s Lt.—Large numbers of Starlings from 8pm. todawn. Wind N.1. Cloudy. Spurn Head Lt.—Large numbers of Blackbirds passing continuously from an hour after sunset to an hour before sunrise (147 killed), Wind W.N.W. 6. Cloudy, misty. Moon, Last Quarter. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Many Starlings, “ Rooks” and Sky- Larks and a few Blackbirds flymg W. and N.W. from 9.10 am. to 2 pM. Wind W.N.W. 4 to S.W. 4. Blue sky, with clouds and mist, to fog. Eddystone Lt.— A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Blackbirds and Starlings all night. Wind S.W. 1. to 8. 2. Cloudy. Hanois Lt.—A few Starlings from 8 to 12 p.m. Wind sh lla LDardse Leman and Ower Lt.-v.— Many Starlings and Sky- Larks, with a few Redwings, Fieldfares and Black- birds from 8.15 to 10.40 p.m. Wind W.4. Overcast, misty. Lundy North Lt—Many Song-Thrushes and Black- birds, with a few Starlings at 6 p.m. and three Chaffinches at midnight. Wind 8.8.E. 3. Rain. Lynn Well Lt.-v—A few Starlings at 10 r.m. Wind N.W. 4. Overcast. St. Catherines Lt.—A Water-Rail at 11 p.m. Wind N.E, 1. Cloudy. Noy. 2nd/3rd. (contd.). ” 9) ord. 3rd/4th. Ath. 315 Spurn Head Lt.— A few Blackbirds from 9,20 te 11.50p.m. Wind N.W.4to 5. Cloudy, squally. Hanois Lt.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks and a Redbreast round the tower during the day. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Several large flocks of Chaf- finches, Starlings and Sky-Larks flying W. during the day. Wind N.N.W. 4. Thick mist to 1 p.m. Cloudy, clear after. Chicken Rock Lt.—Warge numbers of Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings, with a few Redwings and Sky-Larks all night. Wind 8.W. 4. Haze. Hanois Lt.—A few Redwings, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from § p.m. to 6 a.m. Wind W.1 to S.S.W. 3. Dark. Kentish Knock [t.-v.—Large numbers of Starlings and Sky-Larks. Wind W.N.W. 2 to 4. Cloudy, clear. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Starlings, with a few Redwings, Fieldfares and Blackbirds from 7,50 to 10.20 p.m. Wind W.S.W. 4. Overcast, drizzling. St. Catherine's Lt.— Many Starlings at 9.30 p.m. and a Redwing at 12 p.m. Wind HE. Cloudy. Skerries Lé—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings at 11 p.m. Wind 8. 38. Drizzle. S. Bishop It.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings at midnight and Sky-Larks at 2 a.m. Wind 8.W. 5. Cloudy. S. Stack Lt.—Many Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Black- birds and Starlings all night. Wind 8.4. Overcast, showery. Spurn Head Lt.—ULarge numbers of Blackbirds passing continuously all night. Wind N.W. 5. Cloudy. Squally. Passing rain. Winterton Lt.—A few Starlings at 10 and 12 P.M. Wind N.W.2to N. 2. Passing mist, to cloudy and misty. Cromer Lt.—Many flocks of Starlings, Sky-Larks and Lapwings flying N. from dawn to 10 a.m. xoz OL Dudgeon Lt-v.— Large numbers of Blackbirds, Starlings, “ Crows” and Sky-Larks flying W. all day. Wind W. 4. Overcast, misty. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—F locks of Blackbirds, Star- lings and Sky-Larks flying W.N.W. at 10.20 a.m. Lynn Well Lt.-v.—A large flock of Blackbirds flying N.W.at3 pm. Misty. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—Thirty “Crows” flying W.; four Sky-Larks on board at 11 a.m. Wind W. ie S. 5. Misty rain. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—A dozen Blackhirds flying W. at9 a.m. Wind W.S.W.3. Misty rain, Chicken Rock Lt.—A Golderest and a Lapwing at 9 p.m. Wind 8.W. 4. Hazy. Hanois It.—A few Song-Thrushes (both races), Red- wings, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 12 to6am. Wind §$.W. 5. Heavy rain. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Starlings, with a few Fieldfares and Blackbirds from 8.50 to 9.20 p.m. Wind W.S.W. 4. Overcast, rain. Lynn Well Lt.-v.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks at 6pm. WindS.W.4. Overcast, rain. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks from 6to 8PM. Wind W. by 8.3. Fog. St. Catherines Lt.—A Water-Rail and a Storm- Petrel at 10 p.m. and a Starling at 2 am. Wind W.S.W. 5. Overcast. Skerries Lt.—Two Blackbirds and a Starling at 11 p.m. ; a Fieldfare at 3 a.m. Wind S.W. 7 to W.N.W. 4 Rain, to clear, S. Bishop Lt.—A few Redwings at 1] p.m. and Black- birds at midnight. Wind W.S.W. 7. Fog and rain. Spurn Head Lt.—Many Blackbirds and a few Starlings and Sky-Larks from 7.15 to 12 p.m. WindS.8.W. 4, toS.W. 4. Overcast, misty, to rain. Noy. 4th/5th. (contd.). a 5th, » dth/6th. 317 Withernsea Lt—Many Blackbirds from 11 p.m. to 4am. Wind N.1. Misty. Cromer Lt.—Many Starlings, Sky-Larks and Lapwings flying N. all day. Hanois Lt.—Several “Thrushes” and Blackbirds on rocks at dawn. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Many Starlings and a few Chaffinches and “ Rooks” flying W. and N.W. between 9.40 a.M. and 8.10 p.m. Wind S.W. 4 to N. by W. 3. Fog. Whitby Lt.—A Woodcock in the garden at 3 P.M. Wind N.3. Misty. Bardsey Lt.—Large numbers of Redwings and Starl- ings, many Song-Thrushes and Blackbirds, with a few Fieldfares, Sky-Larks, Water-Rails, Lapwings, Dunlins, Common and Jack Snipes and a Moorhen from 7.80 p.m. to5 aM. Wind W.S.W. 3. Over- cast, passing rain. Chicken Rock It.—Large numbers of Blackbirds and Starlings with a few Song-Thrushes and Redwings all night. Wind N.W. 2. Overcast. Eddystone Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings and Starlings after midnight. Wind N.N.W.2. Cloudy. Hanois Lt.—A few Redwings, Fieldfares, Blackbirds and Starlings from 12 to dawn. Wind N.E. 3. Very dark. Inner Dowsing Lt.-v.—A few Blackbirds and Sky- Larks at 5 a.m. Wind 8.S.W. 1. Overcast, clear, Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks. Wind N.N.W. 4. Over- cast, clear. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Starlings, with a few Fieldfares and Blackbirds from 8.15 to 9.50 P.M. Wind S.W. 4. Cloudy, passing mist. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A few Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 2.30 to 3a.m. Wind 8.3. Over- cast, Nov. 5th/6th. (contd.). ee buh 318 Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—Six Sky-Larks, apparently flying W., between 8 and 12 p.m. Wind N. 2. Fog. Skerries Lt—A few Song-Thrushes and Blackbirds at midnight. Wind W.S.W. 3. Clear. S. Bishop Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Lesser Redpolls, Starlings and Sky-Larks between 9.30 pM. and 3 a.m. , Wind N.E. 4 to N.N.E. 3. Cloudy. S. Goodwin Lt.-v.—Three Woodcocks and a Starling at 6 p.m. Wind N.3. Fog. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Fieldfares between 8.30 and 9.30 p.m. Large numbers of Redwings, Blackbirds and Sky-Larks pxssing continuously all night (124 killed). Wind W.N.W. 3 to S.W. 2. Winterton Lt—A few Starlings from 9 to 9.60 P.M. Wind 8.W. 3. Cloudy, misty. Withernsea Lt.—Many Blackbirds from 9.40 P.M. to 5 aM. Wind W.N.W. 2. Misty. Dudgeon Lt.-v.—A few “Crows” flying N.W. and N.E. and Sky-Larks to the W. between 9 a.m. and 2pm. An “Owl” on board atip.m. Wind S. 3. Clear. Hanvois Lt.—A small flock of “ Thrushes” flying round the tower at ll am. Calm. Dull, gloomy. Inner Dowsing Lt.-v—F locks of Starlings, ‘‘ Crows,” Sky-Larks and ‘ Wild Ducks” flying W. during day. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Many large flocks of Starlings and Sky-Larks flying S.W. during the day. Wind S.H. 2. Cloudy, clear. Lynn Well Lt.-v.—A flock of Blackbirds flying N.W. at 4 P.M, Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—Sixty Blackbirds flying W. at 9 a.M.; twelve Sky-Larks to the S.W. at 11.50 a.m. and twenty Tree-Sparrows to the W. at 1 PM (2 killed), Wind E, 3 toS.H. 4. Misty, to clear. 319 S. Bishop Light.—A flock of Chaftinches flying 8.E. at 9am. Wind W.N.W.1. Cloudy. Whitby It.—A Woodcock in the garden at noon. Wind 8.W. 2. Misty. Chicken Rock Lt.—A few Redwings, Fieldfares, Chaf- finches, Starlings and Sky-Larks all night. Wind N.W. 2. Cloudy. Cromer It.—Many Blackbirds, Starlings, Sky-Larks and Lapwings from 11.30 P.M. to dawn, Wind 8.8.W. 3. Overcast, misty. Dudgeon Lt.-v.—A few “Thrushes,” “Crows,” Jack- daws and Lapwings at 8 and 10 p.m. and large numbers of “Thrushes,” Redwings, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks at midnight. Wind 8.W. 3. Clear to misty. Haisboro’ Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Starlings, many tedwines, Fieldfares, Blackbirds and Sky-Larks, a Water-Rail and a Jack Snipe from 9 P.M. to 6 A.M, went W. at dawn. Several Curlews heard, flying W. Wind S.S.W. 4. Misty. Hanois Lt.—A few Starlings from 8 to 12 PM, a Continental Redbreast and a few Redwings at 11 P.M. and a few Fieldfares from 12 to4 a.m. Calm. Hazy, very dark. Inner Dowsing Lt.-v-—Large numbers of Redwings, Fieldfares, Blackbirds, Suow-Buntings, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 4 to 6 a.m. Wind 8.W. 3 to W.S.W. 3. Fog. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Redwings, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks, with a few Lapwings and Woodcocks from 7 P.M. to dawn. Wind S.8.W. 2 to 3. Overcast, clear. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Starlings and Sky- luarks, with a few Fieldfares and Blackbirds from 10.15 to 11.10 p.m. Wind W.by N.4. Overcast, misty. Nov. 6th/7th. (contd.). 7th. 320 Lynn Well Ut.-v —Many Redwings, Fieldfares, Black- birds, Starlings, Sky-Larks and Water-Rails, a Common Scoter and a Jack Snipe from 10 P.M. to 2am. WindS.W.3to8.8.W. 3. Foe, Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A few Redwings and Starlings et 7p.m.; a Jackdaw at 7.30 p.m. ; large numbers of Blackbirds and Starlings, many Fieldfares and a few Redwings, Chaffinches, Sky-Larks, Lapwings and Knots from 11 p.m. to6 a.m. Wind 8.W. by W. 3, to §.8.W. 3. Overcast, to fog at 3 a.m. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Starlings and a few Sky-Larks at 9.20 p.m.; many Redwings, Fieldfares, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks, with a few Chaffinches and Jack Snipes, apparently coming from E. at lam. Wind 8.S.E. 3 to S.W. Over- cast. St. Catherine's Lt.—Large numbers of Redwings and Starlings and a few British Song-Thrushes, Black- birds, Sky-Larks and Water-Rails from 8 P.M. to 5am. Calm. Overcast, gloomy. Skerries Lt—A Water-Rail at 11.45 p.m., a Starling at midnight and two Blackbirds at 3 a.m. Wind W.S.W. 2, clear to rain. Spurn Head Lt.—A Dunlin at 9.50 p.m. Redwings, Fieldfares, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks passing continuously from 1 hour after sunset till suniise (808 killed) Wind S.W. 2. Overcast, misty. Winterton Lt,—Many Blackbirds and Starlings from 8 pM. to 4.30 am. A large flock of Curlews at 5aM. Wind 8.8.W.3 to S.W.3. Cloudy, to over- cast and misty. ; Withernsea Lt.—Many Redwings, Blackbirds, Starlings, Sky-Larks and Knots from 12 to5a.m. Wind W.1 to N.W. 2. Misty, to fog. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Jackdaws, “ Crows ” and Sky-Larks flying $.W. at 4 P.M. Overcast, rain. Nov. 7th. (contd.). 7th/8th. 321 Shipwask Lt.-v.—Many Starlings and Sky-Larks with a few “Thrushes,” Blackbirds, Chaffinches, “ Linnets” and “ Rooks” flying W. and N.W. between 8.40 a.m. and 2.30 p.m. Wind 8.8.W.4toS.W.4. Overcast, to overcast and misty. S. Stack Lt.—Two flocks of Starlings flying N.W. Carnarvon Bay Lt.-v.— Large uumbers of Song- Thrushes, apparently flying 8.W., at 1 a.m, Wind W.S.W. 4. Overcast, rain. Cromer Lt.—A few Blackbirds from 1 to3 a.m. Wind 5.S.W, 5. Clear sky, misty. Eddystone Lt—A few Redwings, Blackbirds and Starlings after midnight. Wind W.S.W.38. Cloudy, drizzling. Hanois Lt,—A few British Song-Thrushes, Continental Redbreasts, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 8 P.M. to 4am. Calm. Dark, hazy. Inner Dowsing Lt.-v.Large flocks of birds flying W. (none taken). Kentish Knock It.-v.—Several Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks. Wind W. by 8. 6 to 6. Overcast. Leman and Ower Lt.-v—Many Blackbirds and Sky- Larks, with a few Redwings, Fieldfares and Starlings from 9.20 to 10.50 p.m. Wind §.W. 38. Overcast, misty rain. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—Many Redwings, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 12 to 4 a.M.; went W.at dawn. Wind W. by N. 2. Overcast, misty. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Many Fieldfares, Blackbirds, Green- finches and Starlings trom 7.40 to 10.10 p.m. Wind S.W. 4. Clear sky, with clouds. South Bishop It.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings at6a.m. Wind S.W. Overcast. Spurn Head Lt.—A Jack Snipe at 10.40 p.m. Red- wings, Fieldfares, Blackbirds, Starlings and Knots passing coutinuously all night (114 killed). Wind S.W. 2. Overcast, misty. , 322 Withernsea Lt.—A Golderest at 8p.m. Wind N.W. 1. Misty. Cromer Lt.—A dozen Sky-Larks flying N. at noon. Dudgeon Lt.-v.—A Blackbird on deck; Starlings and Sky-Larks flying W. all day. Wind W.3. Hazy. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Large flocks of Redwings, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks flying W.S.W. at 12.40 p.m. Wind W.S.W. 4. Cloudy, drizzling. Skermes Lt.— Fifty Starlings on the isiand at 8 a.M. Wind W.S.W. Bardsey Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Field- fares, Blackbirds, Starlings, Water-Rails, Common and Jack Snipes and Dunlins from 6.30 till 12 P.M. Wind W.S.W. 4. Cloudy, passing rain. Cromer Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes and Starlings from 4.30 to 5.380 am. Wind 8.8.W. 2. Overcast, misty. Dudgeon Lt.-v.—A Lapwing at midnight. Wind W. 3. Hazy. Hanois Lt.—A few Starlings and a Continental Red- breast at 8 p.M.; a Chaffinch at 6 am. Wind, calm toS. 2. Hazy. Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Sky-Larks, with a few Redwings, Fieldfares, Blackbirds and Starlings from 9.40 to 10.20 pm. Wind 8.S.W. 4. Overcast, rain. Lynn Well Lt.-v.—A few Fieldfares, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 4 to 7 am. Wind S.S.W. Misty. Outer Gabbard LIt.-v.—Many Redwings, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 12 to 4 a.M., went N.W. at dawn. Wind W.2. Overcast, misty. St. Catherine's Lt.—A few Continental Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Gulderests and Sky-Larks, and a Storm- Petrel trom 12 to 5 am. Wind W.N.W. 3. Overcast. 320 Skerries Lt.—A few Redwings, Blackbirds and Star- lings, a Water-Rail and a Dunlin between 9 P.M. and lam. Wind S.W.7 to 5. Squally, to passing showers. S. Bishop Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes and Sky-Larks at ll pw. Wind W.S.W.4. Cloudy. S. Stack Lt—A few Starlings at 11 p.m. Wind S.W. Overcast. Spurn Head Lt—A Storm-Petrel at 5.30 p.m.; several Fieldfares at 2 and a flock of Knots at 2.30 aM. Redwines and Blackbirds passing continuously all night (145 killed). Wind 8.W. 4. Overcast, misty. Winterton Lt.—A few Starlings at 10 and 12 p.m.; several Blackbirds, ‘‘Thrushes” and House- Sparrows at 5a.m. Wind 8.8.W. 3 to S.W. 3. Cloudy, to misty, to fog. Withernsea Lt—A Ring-Dove at 7.380 pM. Wind Bo dle IDiigalles New Moon. Dudyeon Lt.—Twenty “ Crows” flying N.W. at 9a.M.; forty Starlings at 10 a.m. and sixteen Sly-Larks at 2 p.m. flying W. Wind S.W. 4. Clear. Shipwash Lt.-v.—A few Chaffinches, “ Rooks” and Sky-Larks flying W. and N.W. from 1.30 to 2.10 P.M, Wind 8.W. 4, Overcast, to cloudy and misty. Bardsey Lt.—A few Redwings, Fieldfares, Blackbirds and Starlings from 7 till 12 p.m. Wind W. a. Overcast, passing rain. Hanois It.—A few Redwings and Sky-Larks at 2 a.M. Wind N.W. Cloudy, passing showers, dark. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.--A few Redwings, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 12 tod a.m. Wind W.4 Overcast, misty. Shipwash Lt.-v.—Many Fieldfares and Starlings between 7 and 10.20 p.m. Wind 8.W. 4. Over- cast. 324 Noy. 9th/l0th. South Bishop Lt—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings (contd.). and Blackbirds from 8 to 8.30 p.m. Wind W.N.W 5. Drizzling rain. Spurn Head Lt.—Redwings and Blackbirds passing continuously all night (164 killed), Wind S.W. 5. Overcast, misty. » lOth/llth. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Starlings and Sky-Larks from 6 to 8 p.M. Wind S.W.5. Overcast, clear. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Redwinegs and Fieldfares between 7.30 and 11 p.m.; a Dunlin and a flock of Knots between 2.80 and 350 a.m.; Blackbirds passing continuously all night. Wind W.S.W. 4 to S.W. 1. Overcast, misty, fog at times. » ilth/12th. Leman and. Ower Lt.-v—Many Starlings and Sky- Larks, with a few Blackbirds from 8.20 to 10.15 p.m. Wind W.N.W. 5. Overcast, passing rain. Spurn Head Lt.—Several Song-Thrushes at 6.30 P.M. ; a few Starlings and Sky-Larks between 9 and 9.30 P.M.; a Snow-Bunting at 2.25 a.M.; several flocks of Grey Plovers, Lapwings, Knots and Cur- lews between 8.20 p.m. and 6.50 a.m.; Blackbirds passing continuously all night. Wind 8.W. 3 to N.N.W.9. Overcast, misty, to cloudy and squalls of rain. 12th. St. Catherine's Lt.—Large numbers of Starlings flying HK. at 9 aM. » 12th/18th. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Many Sky-Larks and a few Blackbirds, Wind N.N.W. 7. Cloudy, passing rain, Leman and Ower Lt.-v.—Many Starlings and Sky- Larks, with a few Blackbirds from 9.10 to 10,10 p.m. Wind N.W. 4, Overcast, misty rain. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—A few Fieldfares, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 8 tol2 p.m. Wind N.N.W. 5. Cloudy, rain. Skerries Lt.—A Fieldfare and two Starlings at 3 a.m. Wind N.N.E. 8. Squally. phi eae |, 13th/14th. 320 Kentish Knock Lt.-v—Large numbers of “ Crows” and Sky-Larks flying W.N.W. during the day. Wind N.N.W. 6 to 7. Cloudy, clear. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—Sixty ‘ Crows” and seven “ Dun- Crows” flying N.W. between 10 and 11 a.m. Wind N.4 to N.N.W. 4. Cloudy, rain. St. Catherine’s Lt—Large numbers of Starlings flying ii. at noon. Hanois Lt.—A few British Song-Thrushes, Fieldfares, ‘Blackbirds and Starlings from 12 to6 a.m. Wind N.N.E. 5 to N.E. 5. Cloudy, squally. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—A few Blackbirds and Starlings from 6 to 8 P.M. and Starlings from 12 to 4 a.M., apparently arriving from E, Wind N.N.W. 4 to N. Clear, to overcast and rain. St. Catherine's Lt.—Many Redwings and Starlings, with a few Blackbirds and Sky-Larks from 11] P.M. to4 am. Wind N.N.W.3. Overcast, showery. S. Bishop Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks at midnight and Redwings and Blackbirds at 3 a.m. Wind N.H.7 to 6. Rain, squally. Bardsey Lt..- Large numbers of Song-Thrushes, Black- birds and Starlings, with a few Redwings, Field- fares, Chaffinches, Sky-Larks, Jack Snipes and Dun- lins from 7 till 12 p.m. Wind N.E. 2. Overcast, passing rain. Eddystone Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes and Sky- Larks before midnight. Wind N.2. Overcast. Hanois Lt.—A few British Song-Thrushes, Gold- crests, Blackbirds, Continental Redbreasts and Star- lines from 12 to 6 a.m. Wind N.E. 8. Gloomy, dark. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Redwings, Blackbirds and Sky-Larks. Wind N.N.W. 4. Overcast, thick mist. Lundy North Lt.— A few Starlings and a Blackbird at 1.30 am. Wind N. 2. Overcast. 326 Noy. 14th/l5th. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—A few Starlings from 2 to (contd.). 4a.m. Wind N. Overcast, rain. St. Catherines It.—A few Continental Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Sky-Larks at 34a.m. Wind N.N.E, 3. Overcast. St. Tudwal’s Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings from 11 p.m. to 4 a.m. Wid N. 1. Rain. S. Bishop Lt.—Uarge numbers of Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks, many Song-Thrushes and Redwings, a few “ Linnets” and a flock of “ Plovers,” from 10 to 12 p.m. Wind N.E. 2 to 1. . Drizzling rain, to overcast, S. Stack Lt.—Many Song-Thrushes and Blackbirds at 9pm. Wind N.N.E. 4. Cloudy, squally. Pee eelortilae Hanois Lt.—A few “Thrushes” and Blackbirds on rocks at dawn. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—Five “Dun Crows” flying S.W.atlem. Wind N.N.W. 4. Misty. » 15th/16th. Bardsey Lt.—Many Starlings, with a few Song- Thrushes, Redwings, Fieldfares, Blackbirds and Skylarks, a Knot and a Storm-Petrel from & p.m. to 3.30 A.M. Wind N.N.E. 2. Overcast, drizzle. Carnarvon Bay Lt.-v.—Many Song-Thrushes and Blackbirds at 2 am. Wind N.2. Overcast, passing showers. Cromer Lt.—A few Starlings. Eddystone Lt.—Many Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds, Sky- Larks and a Fieldfare before midnight. Wind N, 2. Cloudy. Haisboro’ Lt.—-Ten Fieldfares at 2 A.m. Wind W. 2. Overcast, rain. Morecambe Bay It.-v.—A Fieldfare at 2.30 a.m. Wind §.E. 1. Foe. coe Noy. 15th/16th. (contd.). 5 16th. » 16th/17th. ith. , 17th/18th. 327 Skerries Lt.—Many Blackbirds and a few Song-Thrushes and Fieldfares from 9 to 9.380 p.m.; a Fieldfire and a Water-Rail at 4 am. Wind N.N.E. 4 to N. 3. Clear, showery. Moon, First Quarter. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v.—Twenty Starlings flying W. at 10 a.m. Wind N. 2. Overcast, clear. Bardsey It.—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Field- fares, Blackbirds and Starlings from 10 till 12 p.m. Wind N. 2. Drizzle. Dudgeon Lt.-v—Many ‘“Thrushes,” Starlings, Sky- Larks and Curlews at 3 a.m. Wind W.S.W. 3. Fog. Eddystone Lt.—A few Blackbirds and Starlings all night. Wind N. 2. Overcast. Hanois Lt,—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Black- birds and Starlings from 12 to6 a.m. Wind N.N.W.2. Passing drizzle. Lundy North Lt.—A few Blackbirds at midnight. Wind W. 3. Clear sky. Lynn Well Lt.-v—Many Knots and a Blackbird from 10 p.m. to 4 a.m. Wind 8.W. 2. Overcast, dark and misty, to fog at 12.40 a.m. Morecambe Bay Lt.-v.—Several “Thrushes,” Black- birds and Sky-Larks at 5 am. Wind W.S.W. 3. Misty rain. Outer Gabbard [t.-v.—Ten Starlings from 10 to 12 p.m, Wind N.W. 2. Overcast, clear. Spurn Head Lt.—Several Redwings, Fieldfares, Black- birds, Starlings and Knots flying 8.W. between 8.30 and 10.80 a.m. Wind W. 5 to 4. Blue sky, with clouds and mist. Bardsey It.,—A Sky-Lark and a Dunlin before mid- night; a few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Fieldfares, Blackbirds, Starlings and Dunlins from 5 till 7 a.m, Wind N.N.W. 3. Cloudy. 328 Nov. 17th/18th. Lddystone Lt—A few Song-Thrushes and Redwines (contd.). after midnight. Wind S.E.2. Cloudy, drizzling. Hanois [t—A few Redwings at 3 a.m. and Starlings from 12 to 6 am, Wind N.N.W. 2. Passing drizzle. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Blackbirds and Knots from 8.40 to 12 p.m. Wind W. 3 to 1. Misty. » 18th/19th. Bardsey Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Field- fares, Blackbirds and Starlings at 4.30 a.m. Wind W.N.W. 4. Cloudy, passing rain. Eddystone Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings and Blackbirds before midnight. Wind N.N.W. 3, Cloudy. Spurn Head Lt.—Many Song-Thrushes and Black- birds from 6 to 11 p.m. Wind W.N.W. 1 to 4. Misty, to fog. » 19th/20th. Eddystone Lt—Many Song-Thrushes, Redwines, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks before midnight. Wind N.N.W. 4. Cloudy. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Sky-Larks at 11.30 p.m, Wind W. by N. 3. Cloudy, misty. Spurn Head Lt.—Many Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Blackbirds and Lapwings from 6.10 to 11 P.M. Wind W. 6. Squally. oe 20th. Cromer Lt.—A large flock of Ring-Doves flying N. at 10 a.m. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Redwings, Fieldfares, Black- birds and Starlings, hundreds of “Crows” and a flock of Lapwings flying 8.W. between 8.40 a.m. and 2p.M. Wind W. 7 to 6, Cloudy, squally, to blue sky and clouds. » 20th/21st. Spurn Head Lt—A Jack Snipe at 9.20 PM; a Water-Rail at midnight; Redwings and Blackbirds passing continuously all night. Wind W.N.W. 6, to W. 5, to W.S.W. 4. Clear sky, misty. Dee. 1) 9 22nd /23rd. 23rd. 24th. 28th/29th. 29th/30th. Ist. 2nd/srd. 8rd/4th. a29 Spurn Head Lt.—A few Redwings and Blackbirds, and a flock of Knots flying 8.W. between 8.30 and 11 a.m.; large numbers of “ Crows” flying S.W. all day. Wind W. 4 to 8.W. 4. Overcast, misty, to fog. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Blackbirds and Starlings from 5.45 tol0 p.m. Wind 8.W. 4. Cloudy, misty. Spurn Head Lt.—Several Blackbirds flying S.W. at dawn and thirty “Crows” to S.W. at 10.30 a.m. Wind S.W. 4. Cloudy, misty. Spurn Head Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings from 7.20 to 8.25pm. WindS.W.3 ta 6. Cloudy, hazy. Cromer Lt.— A flock of Crows” flying S. at 7.30 a.m. Wind 8.8.W. 3, Full Moon, Bardsey Li.—A few Redwings, Blackbirds and Star- lings from 8 till 12 p.m. -Wind E.S.E. 2. Overcast, rain. Spurn Head Lt—A few Blackbirds and two ficcks of Dunlins between 9 and 12 p.m. Wind 8.8.E,, 5 to N.6. Cloudy, rain-squalls. Hanois Lt—A few Redwings from 11 P.M. to 2 4.M. Wind E. 9. Heavy rain-squalls. Moon, Last Quarter. Kentish Knock Lt.-v—Many Starlings at 3 a.m. Wind N.W. 3. Overcast, misty. Skerries Lt—A Fieldfare and two Starlings at 3 a.m. Wind S8.W. 3. Clear. Hanois Lt.—A few Redwings at 2 a.m. WindS.W. 38. Passing showers. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—Many Starlings at 11 PM. Wind 8.W. 3. Overcast, drizzle. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A few Redwings and Starlings from 8 to 12 p.m.; large numbers of Blackbirds and Starlings from midnight to dawn. Wind 8.S.W. 4. Fog, to drizzle. Ye 330 Dec. 4th. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Starlings flying W. by S. at 9 a.m. Wind 8.W.8. Overcast. » 4th/dth. Skerries Lt—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings at 11.45 p.m. and Song-Thrushes at 2 a.m. Wind 8.W.6 to S.S.W. 7. Rain, to squally. Winterton Lt—A few Starlings at 9 and 11 P.M. Wind 8.W. 4 to $.8.W. 4. Misty. » Ooth/6th. Bardsey Lt.—A few Song-Thrushes, Redwings, Black- birds, Sky-Larks and Starlings from 12.30 to 3 a.m. Wind §.W. 5. Cloudy, passing rain. Cromer Lt.—A few Starlings. Wind S. Overcast, misty. Kentish Knock Lt.-v.—A few Starlings at 7 pM. Wind 8. 4. Cloudy, misty. Newarp Lt.-v.—Large numbers of Starlings and Sky- Larks at 11 p.m. Wind 8.W. by S. 5. Overcast. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v.—A few Redwings, Blackbirds, Starlings and Sky-Larks from 9 to 12 p.m. Wind S.S.W. 5. Overcast. Skermies Lt—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Starlings between 7 and 10.50 p.m. Wind 8.8.W. 4. Clear. Winterton Lt.—A few Starlings at 8 p.m. and a Sky- Lark at 11 p.m. Wind W. 4. Cloudy, passing rain. , O6th/7th. Skerries [t—A few Song-Thrushes, Blackbirds and Sky-Larks between 11 p.m. and 3.30 a.m. Wind S.8.W. 5. Clear, to rain. Winterton Lt.—A few Starlings at 11.30 Pm. Wind §.S.E. 4, Misty. » @th/8th. Wornterton Lt.—A flock of Starlings at 10 p.m. Wind 5. 5. Overcast, passing mist. Be Sth. New Moon. » lOth/l1th. Morecambe Bay Lt.-v.—A few Song-Thrushes at 1.30 a.m. Wind 8.S.W. 5. Overcast, passing raln. Winterton Lt—A few Starlings at 2 am. Wind S. 2. Fos. oe Dec. 11th/12th. 9) ) 16th. 18th/19th. 19th/20th. oaill Hanois Lt.—A few Redwings from 12 to 5 a.m. Wind 8.8.W. 4, Dense fog. Moon, First Quarter. Morecambe Bay Lt.-v.—A few Song-Thrushes at 3 a.m. Wind 8.W. 5. Overcast, rain. Morecambe Bay Lt-v.— A few Song-Thrushes at 2.30 a.m. Wind S.S.W. 5. Cloudy. Baz LIST OF OBS ERY Ek ss. Eice from whom NOTES have been received during the AUTUMN of to12 and the SPRING of 1913. Arranged in Counties alphabetically. ENGLAND. BEDFORDSHIRE. Haines, Major G. BERKSHIRE. Cooper, C. Joy, Ni. Ef. Cornish, Rev. J. G. Longland, Miss Evans, Miss C. Proctor, Major F. W. Haviland, Miss M. D. tickett, C. B. Hawkins, J. L. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. White, S. J. CAMBRIDGESHIRE. Dent, G. Hony, G. B. Farren, W. CHESHIRE. Boyd, A. W. Hendy, E. W. Coward, T. A. Hobkirk, R. Cummings, 8. G. Pownall, F. A. Greg, Miss M. CORNWALL. Dorrien-Smith, Miss E. I. Le Marchant, Col. B. St. J. Mullens, Rev. T. Rogers, R. N. Sargeaunt, A. St. G. Vallentin, R. Licuts. Bishop Rock. Hddystone. St. Anthony. Seven Stones. Trevose Head. CUMBERLAND. Britten, H. Hartley, Miss A. M. Hope, L. E. Parker, T. C. Parminter, Rev. P. W. Popham, Mrs. Layborne Johnstone, T. L. Ritson, C. Kempsey. is ak DERBYSHIRE. Busby, C. G. Jourdain, Rey. F. C. R. Midland Railway Nat. Soc. Statham, W. N. DEVONSHIRE. Agar, Rev. W. M. Ashford, C. H. Briggs, T. H. Collier, F. D’Urban, W. 5. M. Elliot, EK. A. 8. Morshead, J. Y. A. Morshead, R. Newman, J. 1. Rousham, A. H. Selley, E. Teschemaker, W. E. Turner, C. E. Wroth, J. Sparrow Nortn Lighthouse, Lundy Island. DORSETSHIRE. Curtis, E. H. Curtis, W. P. Lieuts. Lister, Miss G. Anvil Point. Penrose, Dr. F. G. Shambles. Portman, Commander W. d3d4 DURHAM. Temperley, G. W. ESSEX. Egerton, Col. R. Raynor, Rev. G. H. Hope, G. P. Kerry, F. Lieuts. Meares, C. 8. Kentish Knock. Nichols, W. B. Longsand. Owen, J. H. GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Bennett, C. W. MeAldowie, A. M. Biscoe, W. F. Smith, Miss 8. H. Cade, F. J. Trew, E. F. Carles, W. R. Webb, H. V. Gait, R. P. Beeston, H. Borman, F. W. Coles, R. E. Gillett, EK. F. Gosse, Dr. P. Green, W. P. Griffith, Miss D. Kelsall, Rev. J. E. Kershaw, P. Bannerman, D. A. Bickerton, W. Headley, F. W. Leach, F. Ralfe, P. G. HAMPSHIRE. Lee, W. Miller, H. H. Norman, C. St. Mars, F. Swinton, A. H. Webb, E. J. Hurst Lighthouse, HERTFORDSHIRE. Meiklejohn, A. H. Oldham, C. Smith, J. Beddall MAN, ISLE OF. Chicken Rock Lighthouse. ie, ee 300 KENT. Alexander, H. G. Kleinwort, Miss M. Alexander, J. C. Ransley, H. Austen, F. Rattray, Col. R. H. Beecheno, Mrs. Seppings, Capt. J. W. H. Buxton, P. A. Turner, Miss E. L. iyroue a) 5. 1). Vinson, R. Elgar, H. Farwig, H. H. Lieurs. Hale, Rev. J. R. Girdler. Jones, Staff-Surgeon K. H. South Goodwin. LANCASHIRE. Dobson, J. Walker, H. Melville, W. N. Wilson, W. Robinson, H. W. Wright, J. H. Smalley, F. W. Townsend, G. Morecambe Bay Light- uence. ble 1B: vessel. LEICESTERSHIRE. Frisby, G. Worthington, Rey. H. E. Packe, C. J. M. LINCOLNSHIRE. Blathwayt, Rev. F. L. LicHts, Haigh, G. H. Caton- Inner Dowsing. Hales, G. O. Brunwin Outer Dowsing. Sowerby, G. N. MIDDLESEX. Blyth, R. O. Spreadbury, W. H. Huxley, Naw: Stone, W. G. Lodge, R. B. Storey, G. Macpherson, A. Holte Wardle, H. H. 396 NORFOLK. Digby, Mrs. R. C. Lieuzs, Hamond, C. A. Cromer. Hamond, Miss W. E. Dudgeon. Monement, W. B. Haisboro’. Nelson, Miss B. Leman and Ower. Riviere, B. B. Lynn Well. Newarp. Winterton. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. Cattell, W. C. Wright, C. E. NORTHUMBERLAND. Anderson, Mrs. L. Portal, M. Black, J. G. Robson, J. Charlton, J. M. Walton, J. 8. T. Dixon, R. Welch, T. H. Hodgkin, Mrs. T. E. Witherby, H. F. Pease, Miss Audry NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Marsh, Miss N. Pearson, C. E. OXFORDSHIRE. Aplin, O. Y. Maude, Miss F, Bell, Miss C. SHROPSHIRE. Elliott, J. 8. Lang, J. G. Forrest, H. EK. Pitt, Miss F. Hodges, R. H. W. SOMERSETSHIRE. : Knight, F. A. Smith, Miss A. Lewis, Stanley Symes, Joseph H. (Jun.). Mapleton, H. W. Turner, A. W Popham, H. L. dT STAFFORDSHIRE. Bailey, A. B. Bladen, W. Wells Bryan, B. Davies, W. Bowles, A. H. Carter, Rev. H. Caton, Rev. R. B. Cook, F. C. Hollond, Mrs. Stanford, J. K. Ticehurst, Dr. C. B. Dutton, P. C. Keary, Miss’A. A. Masefield, J. R. B. Robinson, J. SUFFOLK. Upcher, Major-Gen. — Lieuts. Outer Gabbard. Shipwash. Southwold. SURREY. Jones, Mrs. EK. Hughes- Langman, T. Nettleship, E. Patteson, Mrs. Carlos Platts, F.C. C. Player, Mrs. Bernard Acland, Miss C. M. Bentham, C. H. Boorman, J. Borthwick, T. W. Bradshaw, G. W. Bristowe, B. A. Bunyard, P. F. Chaloner, H. Gillman, A. R. Janner, EK. C, Arnold, E. C. Arnold, J. C. Dalgleish, J. G. Field, W. Finlinson, H. W. Russell, Miss F. Shaw, Rev. W. A. Thorburn, A. Tutt, R. H. SUSSEX. Furley, G. M. Shenstone, Miss A. Ticehurst, Dr. N. F. Owers Light-vessel. WARWICKSHIRE. Carter, Miss B. A. Leigh, A. G. WESTMORELAND. Coward, C. W. Kitching, Miss E. Thornely, Miss Yates, Miss Mary WIGHT, ISLE OF. Nicholl, A. M. C. Spicer, N. St. Catherine’s Lighthouse. WILTSHIRE. Bankes, A. Bartlett, J. Harrison, Rey. D. P. Marshall, W. K. Townsend, R. G. Vaughan, M. Kyrle, Miss Money - WORCESTERSHIRE, Beeston, T. J. Hadden, N. G. YORKSHIRE, Arundel, Major W. B. Scott, Rev. D. A. Clarke, W. J. Smith, 8. H. Cooke, W. Snowdon, F. Crook, S. Taylor, C. E. Ellison, Rey. A. Wade, EK. W. Green, J. Wallis, E. A. Jackson, H. R. Lawton, F. Licuts. Medlicott, W. 8. Spurn Head. Patterson, J. D. Spurn Light-vessel. Leith, Wo AM. Whitby. Rhodes, G. P. Withernsea. Roberts, T. N. WALKS. ANGLESEY. Lieuts. South Stack. Skerries. BRECKNOCKSHIRE. Davies, C. F. Vaughan, A. Gwynne- gia 339 CARDIGANSHIRE. Edwards, Stanley CARMARTHENSHIRE. Elton, H. B. Stephens, D. EK. Giles, L. Williams, D. L. Powell, L. N. CARNARVONSHIRE. Jones, R. W. Lieurs. Orton Ura Ke je P: Bardsey. Roberts, L. Wilson Carnarvon Bay. St. Tudwal. DENBIGHSHIRE. Jones, Foulkes Russell, W. B. FLLINTSHIRE. O’Hea, Rev. L. GLAMORGANSHIRE. Evans, H. Ingram, G. C.S. Evans, Herbert Salmon, H. M. Hamer, David Sibbering-Jones, D. MERIONETHSHIRE. Kirkby, E. W. , MONMOUTHSHIRE. Gabb, W. Baker Phillips, Capt. H. Vaughan Laybourne, P. PEMBROKESHIRE. Kirkby, Dr. R. South Bishop Lighthouse. RADNORSHIRE. Owen, O. R. 340 SCOTLAND. ARGYLLSHIRE. Cleave, H. P. O. AYRSHIRE. Craig, J. RENFREWSHIRE. Mackeith, ‘I’. Thornton Mallock, T. CHANNEL ISLANDS. Lieuts. Caskets. Hanois. Sark. re d41 LIST OF LIGHT-STATIONS. Anvil Point Lt., 55. Bahama Bank Lt.-v., 89. Bardsey Island Lt., 80. Barnsness Lt., 2. Beachy Head Lt., 50. Berry Head Lt., 59. Bishop Rock Lt., 65. Bull Point Lt., 70. Caldy Island Lt., 75. Carnarvon Bay Lt.-v., 81. Chicken Rock Lt., 88. Cockle Lt.-v., 25. Coquet Island Lt., 6. Cork Lt.-v., 54. Corton Lt.-v., 28. Cromer Lt., 17. Cross Sand Lt.-v., 26. Douglas Head Lt., 86. Dudgeon Lt.-v., 15. Dungeness Lt., 48. East Goodwin Lt.-v., 44, Eddystone Lt., 60. English and Welsh Grounds Lt.-v., 72. Flamborough Lt., 9. Flatholm Lt., 73, Galloper Lt.-v., 35. Gull Lt.-v., 43. Haisboro’ Lt., 20. Haisboro’ Lt.-v., 19. Hartland Point Lt., 67. Helwick Lt.-v., 74. Inner Dowsing Lt.-y., 14. Inner Farne Lt., 5. Isle-of-May Lt., 1. Kentish Knock Lt.-v., 56, Langness Lt., 87. Leman and Ower Lt.-v., 18. Lizard Lt., 61. Longsand Lt.-v., 37. Longships Lt., 63. Longstone Lt., 4. Lowestoft Lt., 29. Lundy Island North Lt., 69. Lundy Island South Lt., 68. Lynmouth Foreland Lt., 71. Lynn Well Lt.-v., 16. Morecambe Bay Lt.-v., 84, Mucking Lt., 40. Nab Lt.-v., 53. Newarp Lt.-v., 28. North Foreland Lt., 41. North Goodwin Lt.-v., 42. Orfordness Lt., 52. Outer Dowsing Lt.-v., 18. Outer Gabbard Lt.-v., 51. Owers Lt.-v., 51. Portland Bill Lt., 57. Royal Sovereign Lt.-v., 49. St. Abb’s Head Lt., 3. St. Ann’s Lt., 76. | St. Bee’s Lt., 90. St. Catherine’s Lt., 52, St. Mary’s Lt., 7. St. Nicholas Lt.-v., 27, | St. Tudwal’s Lt., 79, 342 === = = = ce = — ae s ENGLAND ax WALES English. Mules SSeaorasomRaG, x 0 Geograpluccl Miles 2) 40 & . Te Sie 12 SiETCH-M4P SHOWING THE POSITIONS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT LiGHt-STATIONS. # + t ! 2 - Selker Lt.-v., 85. Seven Stones Lt.-v., 64. Shambles Lt.-v., 56. Shipwash Lt.-v., 33. Skerries Lt., 83. Smalls Lt., 77. Smith’s Knoll Lt.-v., 22. South Bishop Lt., 78. South Foreland Lt., 46. South Goodwin Lt.-v., 45. South Stack Lt., 82. Southwold Lt., 30. Spurn Head Lt., 11. 343 Spurn Lt.-y., 12. Start Point Lt., 58. Sunk Lt.-y., 38. Tongue Lt.-v., 39. Trevose Head Lt., 66. Varne Lt.-v., 47. Warner Lt.-v., 54. Whitby Lt., 8. Winterton Lt., 24. Withernsea Lt., 10. Wolf Rock Lt., 62. Would Lt.-v., 21. ERRATA. VOL. XXXII. Page 151.—Comon Tern. Page 152.—LirtTie Torn. The Chronological Summaries of these two species have been transposed ; that printed with the former should be transferred to the latter, and wice versd. Page 183.—SanpwicH Tern. The first record refers to the SANDERLING (Cahdris arenaria). Printed by Taytor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. onal Sev 3 BULLETIN ; OF THE A 4 id BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB. Vols. Price. ; T:: (Session: 1892-93). . 1803: 2. ws. se oe Var ee 6/- II. On Some of the Main Features in the Evolution of ~ the Bird’s Wing. By Epwarp Denn. 1894 ... 2/6 — IIL.-VIIL, X.-XVI. Sessions 1894-1906 ........ aah 6) am IX. Avium Generum Index Alphabeticus. 1899 ...... 2/6 XVII. Report on the Immigrations of Summer a in the Spring of 1905. 1906 3... Me apts 6/- XVIII. Index to Bulletin, Vols. LXV. (1892-1905). 1906. 10/- XIX., XXI., XXIL, XXV. Sessions 1907-1910 . each @/- XX. Report on the Immigrations of Summer Residents in the Spring of 1906; OQ t. oow 2k sen eee 6/- XXII. Report on the Immigrations of Summer Residents in the Spring of 1907: also Notes on the Migratory Movements during the Autumn of 1906. 1908.. 6/- és XXIV. Report on the Immigrations of Summer Residents in the Spring of 1908: also Notes on the Migratory — Movements duriug the Autumn of 1907. 1909 .. 6/-— XXVI. Report on the Immigrations of Summer Residents in the Spring of 1909: also Notes on the Migratory. Movements and Records received from Lighthouses and Light-vessels during the Autumn of 1908. TO UO BEES Moi eme gence iees nd a leteve aihtne es Sele aaa 6/- XXVLL, XXIX., XXXI., XX XIII. Sessions 1911-1914, each 6/- XXVIII, XXX., XXXII. Reports on the Immigrations of SiraTaes Residents, etc. P01 IOS ra, doe 6/- Sie ESE S ip pac Fe ee ee oe ae ee ge es ae ae AS ; ‘¢ ame iS ores o SG S “A ai : ra Mey o ii, || li we ty uy iM! ps i iF i ; Cc : ial “% ee LES Ny, << Ny RN May & > 4, Sa cS “a, ao oy : e. - be al a ‘esp I que We ty i) il M ¢ ty 4 il i) ‘ Be Hii W ey AE = Hes, Shy iS