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BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM 
(NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY 
VOL. XI 
1961-1962 


PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF 


THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


LONDON: 1962 


DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE PARTS 


No.1- July 1961 
No.2- October 1961 
No.3- October 1961 
No. 4-13 February 1962 
No. 5 — 13 February 1962 
No. 6 - 20 February 1962 
No. 7 — 20 February 1962 
No. 8— 8 June 1962 


PRINTED IN 
GREAT BRITAIN 
AT THE 
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CONTENTS 


ENTOMOLOGY VOLUME XI 


Revision of Drymadusa Stein and related genera (Orthoptera : Tetti- 
goniidae). By T. KARABAG 


. Three new species of Mallophaga (Insecta). By T. CLay 
. The Monochamini (Cerambycidae) of the Ethiopian Region. II. Sub- 


tribe Monochamidi. Genera related to Monochamus. By L. S. 
DiLLon and E. S. DILLON 


Miss L. E. Cheesman’s expeditions to New Guinea. Trichoptera. By 
D. E. KIMMINS 


. A-key to the species of Actornithophilus Ferris with notes and descrip- 


tions of new species. By T. CLay 


Review of some genera of the subfamily Bryocorinae (Hemiptera : 
Miridae). By T. R. ODHIAMBO 


. A revision of the Athaliini (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae). By 


R. B. BENSON 


On the Type species of Foerster’s genera (Hymenoptera : Ichneu- 
monidae). By J. F. PERKINS 


PAGE 


245 


335 


383 


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REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN 
AND RELATED GENERA 
(ORTHOPTERA : TETTIGONIIDAE) 


fr a 196! 
. 2 

T. KARABAG \e 
Ree ie 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 1 
LONDON: 1961 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND 
RELATED GENERA 
(ORTHOPTERA : TETTIGONIIDAE) 


BY 


T. KARABAG | 


Pp. 1-41; 136 Text-figures 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. I 
LONDON : 1961 


THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 
(NATURAL HISTORY), stituted in 1949, 1s 
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments 
of the Museum, and an Historical Series. 


Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become 
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four 
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed 
within one calendar year. 


This paper is Vol. 11, No. 1 of the Entomological 
serves. 


© Trustees of the British Museum, 1961 


PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM 


Issued July, 1961 Price Fifteen Shillings 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND 
RELATED GENERA 
(ORTHOPTERA : TETTIGONIIDAE) 


By T. KARABAG 


CONTENTS 

Page 

INTRODUCTION. ; ; P : : : : : : : 4 
KEY TO GENERA ; , : : ; : : : é : 5 
Drymadusa Stein : : : : , . ; : : 5 
Exodrymadusa gen. n. . : ? 2 é ; ‘ ; ; II 
Pezodrymadusa gen. n. . ‘ ; ‘ ; : : ; i 13 
Anadrymadusa gen. n. . : : é é ; : : eee!) 
Ceraeocercus Uvarov ‘ ‘ ; : : . : } ; 39 

INTRODUCTION 


THE genus Drymadusa described a hundred years ago still remains insufficiently 
known. Ramme revised it in 1939, but somewhat superficially and did not include 
all the species referred to it by various authors. 

When I assembled the material for this revision, it became evident that more than 
one generic complex was represented and three new genera had to be erected. Dr. 
B. P. Uvarov also drew my attention to the genus Ceraeocercus described by him in 
1910, which also belongs to this group of genera. 

Three species described in the genus Paradrymadusa and referred by Ramme 
(1939) to Drymadusa have been left out as follows: Paradrymadusa picta Uvarov, 
1929, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. URSS : 334; Paradrymadusa beckeri Adelung, 
1907, Hor. Soc. ent. Ross. 36: 45; Paradrymadusa robusta Miram, 1926, Rev. russe 
Ent. 20 : 277. 

In their generic characters, these species approach Paradrymadusa rather than 
Drymadusa, particularly as regards the appendages of the last tergite of the male, and 
the absence of the concave ventral plate which is characteristic of females of our 
group. Some suggestion of this plate is seen only in P. picta. 

Amongst the new genera, Exodrymadusa is based only on the female sex, which, 
however, presents such excellent characters that I feel justified in describing it. 

In listing the distribution of species, I omitted some published records, since 
many old determinations are unreliable. 

I am sincerely grateful to Dr. B. P. Uvarov for his valuable advice and help 
throughout this work. I also wish to thank Dr. M. Beier (Vienna), Professor G. 
Bei-Bienko (Leningrad), Sefior E. Morales Agacino (Madrid), Dr. K. Giinther (Berlin) 
for the loan of types, and Dr. D. R. Ragge who helped to obtain them. To the 


ENTOM, II, I, I 


T. KARABAG 


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REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 5 


authorities of the British Museum (Natural History), especially to Dr. W. E. China, 
I express my appreciation of the facilities provided for this work. The work has 
been partly assisted by a grant from the Arid Zone Committee of UNESCO, for 
which I am very grateful. 

Types of new species have been deposited in the British Museum (Natural History). 


KEY TO THE GENERA 


1 (8) Wings hyaline. Last tergite of male with long and acute appendages (Text- 
figs. 7-9, 45-55); cercus (Text-figs. 10-12, 26-44) not branched; basal 
branches of titillator without thickened bases (Text-figs. 13-15, 56-72). 
Between VII sternite and subgenital plate of female there is an extra plate 
with a pair of deep, shiny concavities (except Anadrymadusa retowskii 
Adelung). 

2 (5) Posterior margin of pronotum parabolic (Text-figs. 2, 3). 

3 (4) Pronotum without median carina ; with a distinct transverse depression a little 
behind the typical sulcus ; shoulder excision distinct (Text-figs. 2, 2A); a 
black or light stripe round posterior edge and a black spot on the shoulder 
excision. Elytra and wings fully developed, very large 

I. DRYMADUSA Stein 

4 (3) Pronotum with distinct median carina on the metazona ; with a weak and wide 
transverse depression behind the typical sulcus; shoulder excision very 
shallow (Text-figs. 3, 3A) ; pronotum without black edge or shoulder spot. 
Elytra and wings reaching middle of abdomen (¢ unknown) 

Il. EXODRYMADUSA gen. n. 

5 (2) Posterior margin of pronotum broadly rounded (Text-figs. 4-6). 

6 (7) Metazona of pronotum convex (Text-fig. 4a) (if flat, then shoulder excision 
distinct) ; lateral carina weak ; shoulder excision indistinct. Elytra shorter 
than half of abdomen. pak en much shorter than twice the length of 
pronotum. : III. PEZODRYMADUSA gen. n 

7 (6) Metazona of panera flat ; lateral carina distinct on the metazona ; shoulder 
excision distinct (Text- figs. 5, 5A) (in vetowskit very shallow). Elytra mostly 
longer than half of abdomen. Ovipositor more than twice the length of 
pronotum. : . IV. ANADRYMADUSA gen. n. 

8 (1) Wings black, or brown with lighter fenestration. Last tergite of male with two 
broad lobes, each strongly down-curved, ending in a very small acute spine 
(Text-figs. 131, 131A); cercus (Text-fig. 132) with two branches; basal 
branches of titillator with thickened bases (Text-fig. 73). No bi-concave 
plate between VII sternite and subgenital plate of female (Text-fig. 136) 

V. CERAEOCERCUS Uvarov 


I. DRYMADUSA Stein, 1860 


1860. Drymadusa Stein, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 4: 257. 
1874. Drymadusa Herman, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 24: 199, 206. 
1882. Drymadusa Brunner-Wattenwyl, Prodr. eur. Orthopt. : 313. 


Fastigium of vertex wider than first antennal segment, suddenly narrowed at the 
front, with very fine median sulcus. Between eyes there is a typical black transverse 
band. First sulcus of pronotum distinct ; typical sulcus almost in the middle of 
pronotum. Hind femur very strong and large. 

ENTOM. II, I. 1§ 


6 T. KARABAG 


6. Appendages of last tergite very long and acute. Cercus stout, with an enlarged 
basal articulation ; basal part much longer than the apical, incurved. Subgenital 
plate longer than wide, with a deep roundly-angular excision. 

Q. Last tergite with long spine-like appendages. Between VII sternite and sub- 
genital plate there is a ventral plate, which is much longer and wider than the VII 


wes seene-Sh. Ex, 


24 : 


3a 


Fics. 2-6. Pronotumofmale. 2, Drymadusalimbata limbata Br.-W.; 24, in profile ; Sh. 
Ex. = shoulder excision ; 3, Exodrymadusa inornata (Uv.); 3A, in profile; 4, Pezo- 
drymadusa angorensis (Uv.); 4A, in profile; 5, Anadrymadusa spinicercis (Karab.) ; 
5A, in profile ; 6, Cevaeocercus fuscipennis fuscipennis Uv.; 6a, in profile. 


sternite, and has a pair of elongate shiny concavities, separated by a high and stout 
median carina. Subgenital plate with a deep acutangular excision. Ovipositor long 
and very stout, slightly decurved. 

Type of genus Ephippigera dorsalis Brullé, 1832. 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 7 


The bi-concave ventral plate of the female is a most important generic character, 
but it is not clear whether it forms a part of the VII sternite or of the subgenital 
plate. 

DISTRIBUTION. Greece, Turkey, Syria. 


KEY TO SPECIES 


I (2) A narrow and short, not very distinct, black spot at the corner of shoulder 
excision; elytra grey, with white, irregular spots and pattern, without 
blackish spot at the base. 

3: Appendages of last tergite very long, spine-like, thin (Text-fig. 7) ; cercus 
slender, its apical part much thinner than the basal, outer angle attenuated, 
acute (Text-fig. 10); middle branches of titillator with strong teeth in a 
longitudinal line, its basal branches narrow (Text-fig. 13). 

Q: Appendages of last tergite long (Text-fig. 19), slightly divergent ; median 
carina of bi-concave plate very wide and stout ; soba es plate approxi- 
mately as long as wide (Text-fig. 21) : . 1. dorsalis (Brullé) 

2 (1) A very distinct black spot at the corner of shoulder excision. Elytra light or 
dark reddish-brown, with irregular dark spots, and a long dark brown or 
blackish spot at the posterior basal angle. ¢: Cercus stout, outer angle not 
acute (Text-figs. 11, 12) ; basal branches of titillator very wide (Text-figs. 

14, 15). 

3 (4) Pronotum more slender. Elytra not very wide. ¢: Appendages of last tergite 
as in Text-fig. 8; cercus not very large (Text-fig. 11), gradually incurved, its 
apical part tapering, outer angle rounded ; titillator (Text-fig. 14) strong, its 
basal branches regularly incurved, central branches near each other, with dense 
teeth in a longitudinal line. @: Bi-concave ventral plate as in Text-fig. 22 

2. limbata limbata (Br.-W.) 

4 (3) Pronotum very stout. Elytra very wide. ¢: Appendages of last tergite as in 
Text-fig. 9 ; cercus very large, strongly incurved at the basal third (Text- 
fig. 12), its apical part very long and thick, outer angle subacute ; titillator 
(Text-fig. 15) very large and stout, its basal branches very long, middle 
branches not near each other; 9: bi-concave plate, see Text-fig. 23 

3. limbata grandis sbsp. n. 


1. Drymadusa dorsalis (Brullé, 1832) 


1832. Ephippigera dorsalis Brullé, Exped. sc. de Moreé, Zool.:90, plate XXIX, fig. 8 
(larva). 
1860. Drymadusa spectabilis Stein, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 4: 258. 
1861. Gampsocleis spectabilis Brunner-Wattenwyl, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 11 : 288, pl. IX, 
fig. 3; A, By c,d: 
1874. Drymadusa spectabilis Herman, Verhh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 24 : 206, pl. IV, figs. 43-48. 
1882. Drymadusa spectabilis Brunner-Wattenwyl, Prodr. eur. Orthopt. : 313, 314. 


Pronotum relatively slender, pro- and mesozona slightly convex, metazona 
flattened ; posterior edge of pronotum almost half circle. Elytra not very wide. 

Face uniformly light brown, occiput darker; black band between eyes very 
distinct ; posterior margin of pronotum with black edge. Legs light greyish-brown, 
outer surface darker, with marked pattern, a short transverse series of blackish- 
brown stripes on the basal upper edge. 


T. KARABAG 


Y 
oi 


Fics. 7-15. 7, Drymadusa dorsalis (Brullé): ¢ last tergite; 8, D. limbata limbata 
Br.-W., $ last tergite; 9, g D. limbata grandis sbsp. n. last tergite; 10, D. dorsalis 
(Brullé), 3 left cercus ; 11, D. limbata limbata, Br.-W., $ left cercus; 12, D. limbata 
grandis sbsp. n., ¢ left cercus; 13, D. dorsalis (Brullé), ¢ titillator; 14, D. limbata 
limbata Br.-W., ¢ titillator ; 15, D. limbata grandis sbsp. n. ¢ titillator. 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 9 


3. Appendages of last tergite very long, spine-like, strongly down-curved. 
Subgenital plate (Text-fig. 16), with subacute excision, styli not very long. 

Q. Face more reddish-brown than in J, occiput darker, and more convex ; 
appendages of last tergite long, spine-like ; VII, VIII and IX sternites each with a 
small median projection ; VII sternite is smallest, weakly convex ; basal part of the 
median carina of bi-concave ventral plate wide ; ovipositor almost straight. 

Length of body, 3, 44:1-46-1, 9, 42-6; pronotum, g, 13:7-14, 9, 13:6; elytra, 
3, 46-4-48, 9, 54; fore femur, 3, 12~-12-3, 9, 12 ; hind femur, 3, 38-38-7, 2; 38-9-40-4; 
ovipositor, 32 mm. 

Specimens examined: Parnass, Greece, I g, 1 9 (Kriiper), 42 (Mus. Vienna) ; 
Greece, I 9 larva, 70/47 (labelled Ephippigera dorsalis ??) ; Peloponesus, Micaene, 
I 4, vii. 1938 (O. Grebenchikoff) ; Greece, 1 9 larva, 70‘ 47 (British Museum). 

Herman (1874) mentioned this species also from Asia Minor, but without exact 
locality and the record is doubtful. 


2. Drymadusa limbata limbata Br.-W., 1882 
1882. Drymadusa limbata Brunner-Wattenwyl, Prodr. eur. Orthopt. : 314 (Partim). 


Pronotum long, metanotum very long and parabolic, with a light line round the 
posterior margin. Elytra extend beyond hind knee, not very wide. Hind femur 
relatively stout. ¢: Subgenital plate much longer than wide, with a deep angular 
excision (Text-fig. 17). 9: Subgenital plate large and convex, with a depression in 
the middle of its apical part ; ovipositor regularly down-curved. 

Coloration reddish-brown (some specimens paler). Metazona darker; hind 
femur more or less marbled, with a dark brown (in some specimens lighter) ring in 
the middle. 

Length of body, 3, 44:4-45:6, 2, 45:5-48-3 ; pronotum, J, 12-6-15-2, 2, 13-13°5 ; 
elytra, g, 42°I-52°1, 9, 55-58:5 ; fore femur, J, 12-6, 9, 11-2-12-3 ; hind femur, J, 
35°8-41°6, 9, 38-3-40-2 ; ovipositor, 27-I-27-9 mm. 

Specimens examined: Smyrna, W. Turkey, 1 g (Brunner-Wattenwyl), 5941 
(Mus. Vienna) ; Manisa, W. Turkey; Kurkcu, I0.vii.1933, I gd, 7-10. vill. 1941, 
23,19, 14.vi.1944, I g, 1 9 larva, 20. viii. 1944, 1 9 (Zoological Institute, University 
of Ankara). 

I examined Brunner’s ¢ from Smyrna (Izmir) and designate it here as the type. 
It is a little larger and darker than the Manisa specimens, but other characters agree. 

Brunner (1882) recorded this species also from Damascus and Beirut, and Werner 
(1901, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss., Mathem.-naturw. Cl. 110: 290) mentioned specimens 
from Cilician Taurus, Bimbogha Dagh, Ala Cheir (Turkey) and Samos (Greece). 

Werner’s Ala Cheir (= Alasehir) record is very likely to be D. limbata limbata as 
this place is near the type locality ; Bimbogha Dagh records a Cilician Taurus 
specimen, which was a @ larva, and the Syrian records probably belong to the next 
subspecies. The record from Samos is quite uncertain. 


10 T. KARABAG 


Fics. 16-23. 16, Drymadusa dorsalis (Brullé), ¢ subgenital plate ; 17, D. limbata limbata 
Br.-W., ¢ subgenital plate ; 18, D. limbata grandis sbsp. n., $ subgenital plate; 19, 
D. dorsalis (Brullé), 9 appendages of last tergite; 20, D. limbata grandis sbsp. n., 9 
appendages of last tergite ; 21, D. dorsalis (Brullé), 2 VII sternite, bi-concave plate, 
subgenital plate and basis of ovipositor ; 22, D. limbata limbata Br.-W., 2 VII sternite, 
bi-concave plate, subgenital plate and basis of ovipositor; 23, D. limbata grandis 
sbsp. n., 9 VII sternite, bi-concave plate, subgenital plate and basis of ovipositor. 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 12 


3. Drymadusa limbata grandis sbsp. n. 
1882. Drymadusa limbata Brunner-Wattenwyl, Prodr. eur. Orthopt. : 314 (Partim). 


3§. Larger than D. limbata limbata, and differs from it in the following characters : 
Pronotum stout, metazona more elongate, not flattened, posterior edge more para- 
bolic ; elytra and wings very large, extending well beyond the hind knee ; hind femur 
very stout. Subgenital plate much longer than wide, with a deep and subacute 
excision (Text-fig. 18). 

General coloration dark reddish-brown, face lighter, unicolourous ; first four seg- 
ments of antennae black anteriorly ; upper surface of pronotum dark, particularly 
at the metazona ; a light stripe round posterior margin ; elytra with light brown 
irregular black spots ; a large dark brown ring on the middle of hind femur. 

2. Appendages of last tergite (Text-fig. 20), long and spine-like. The bi-concave 
ventral plate very large, longer than subgenital plate ; ovipositor strong, slightly 
down-curved. 

Coloration as in ¢, but darker. 

Length of body, 3, 45-50-2 (type), 2, 45°-8-55°6 ; pronotum, J, 15-1—-16-8 (type)— 
17°3, 9, 15:2-17°8 ; elytra, J, 55°3 (type) —58-6, 2, 62-68 ; fore femur, g, 12:2-13-1 
(type), 9, 13-14; hind femur, 3, 425-45 (type), 2, 44-46:1 ; ovipositor, 30-1-36 
mm. 

Specimens examined : Adana, S. Turkey, 1 3 (type), 25.510; Gjél-banhi (=Gél- 
basi), 1882, 1 9 (Lushan) (Vienna Museum) ; Kuzucubeleni, Mersin Dist., 1936, 
I ¢ (Mr. Cotton) ; Asia Minor, Pres. by Robt. M. Anderson, 58.161 ; Marash, 1931, 
I 9 (E. Cold.), 1931-334; Mugla, Agia, c. I,000 m., 22.vii.1947, I @ (M. Burr), 
1947-350 (British Museum) ; Hatay-Yayladag, Yenice K6y, 5.vili.1951, I g, I 9; 
Mersin-Silifke, 28. viii.1952, 1 gf, 1 9 (O. K. Giilen) ; Mersin, 22, 23, 28.vii.1952, 
3 2; Mersin-Giilnar, Bozaga Kéyii, 15.ix.1952, 1 9; Mersin-Cevlik Kéyii, 8.vil. 
1952, 2 2 (O. K. Giilen) (Zoological Institute, University of Ankara). 

This new subspecies was sent to me from the Vienna Museum as D. limbata Br.-W., 
but it proved to be distinct in the size of pronotum, elytra, hind femur and structure 
of cercus and titillator. The type has been returned to the Vienna Museum. 

Previous records of D. limbata from Syria probably refer to this subspecies. 


Il. EXODRYMADUSA gen. n. 


Type: Drymadusa inornata Uvarov, 1926. 

9. Fastigium of vertex with fine median sulcus. Between eyes there is a black 
transverse band. Pronotum stout, relatively long and distinctly convex in profile ; 
median carina slightly perceptible in prozona and distinct in metazona ; first trans- 
verse sulcus distinct ; typical sulcus roundly curved behind the middle of pronotum ; 
lateral lobes oblique, convex. Elytra with parabolic apices. Appendages of last 
tergite long and acute (Text-fig. 24) ; bi-concave ventral plate very large (Text-fig. 
25) ; ovipositor long. 


{2 


T. KARABAG 


Nesaci 


Tore wea BO AMIS KANGA 


Fics, 24-25. Exodrymadusa inornata (Uv.). 24, 9 appendages of last tergite; 25, 
V-VII sternites, bi-concave plate, subgenital plate and basis of ovipositor. 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 13 


Exodrymadusa inornata (Uvarov, 1936) 
1936. Drymadusa inornata Uvarov, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 38 : 510. 


Q. Large and robust. Lateral pronotal lobes much longer than deep, their front 
margin straight. Elytra reaching slightly beyond the third tergite. Hind femur 
relatively short and slender. Subgenital plate broadly oval, with double sulcus and 
distinct median carinula ; the second half with a sulcus on each side ; lobes slightly 
incurved, with a deep acutangular excision. Ovipositor nearly as long as the hind 
femur, very slightly decurved, with the apex tapering to a point. 

Coloration uniformly dull brown; face light brown, with black band between 
eyes ; front of first and half of second antennal segments blackish. Pronotum without 
pattern. Elytra uniformly dark brown, a small elongated dark brown spot at the 
posterior basal angle of elytra ; legs greyish brown. 

Length of body, 33-41°3; pronotum, 13-I-15; elytra, 12-14:3; fore femur, 
11-I-14°3 ; hind femur, I1-I-12 ; ovipositor, 29-30 mm. 

Specimens examined : Cyprus, Limassol, June, 1919, I Q (type) ; Cyprus, Stauro- 
vouni Mt., 2,400 ft., 25.v.1937, I 9, 1 9 larva; Pera-Pedi, 2,500 ft., 23.vii. 1937, 
1 2 (G. A. Mavromoustakis) (British Museum). 

It would be extremely interesting to study the male of this very distinct insect. 


III. PEZODRYMADUSA gen. n. 


Type: Drymadusa angorensis Uvarov, 1931. 

Pronotum cylindrical, convex in pro- and mesonotum, metanotum mostly not 
flattened ; behind typical sulcus a wide transversal depression ; no median carina ; 
lateral carinae distinct only at the shoulders; shoulder excision very shallow ; 
first sulcus distinct ; typical sulcus less distinct, widely curved a little behind the 
middle. Elytra shorter than half of abdomen. 

Face with a distinct narrow black or dark brown band between eyes. Pronotum 
usually with typical X-shaped pattern. 

3d. Subgenital plate longer than wide, with a round excision ; styli very short, 
cylindrical ; cercus with enlarged basal articulation. 

2. Bi-concave ventral plate present ; ovipositor stout, shorter than 14 times 
pronotum, distinctly and regularly down-curved. 

DISTRIBUTION. Turkey, Transcaucasia, Iran. 


KEY TO SPECIES 
Male 


I (14) Cercus straight or slightly incurved (Text-figs. 26-32). 
2 (7) Cercus straight (Text-figs. 26-28). 
3 (4) Sides of last tergite black ; its appendages long, stout, almost parallel, joined at 
the base (Text-fig. 45) ; cercus gradually narrowed to the apical third, which 
is slightly S-shaped, with a small apical tooth (Text-fig. 26); median 
branches of titillator stout, with strong and numerous spines, without spines 
on its basal part (Text-fig. 56) ; : ; ' I. magnifica (Werner) 


ENTOM. II, I. 1§§ 


14 T. KARABAG 


oes 
42 44 
: 43 


Fics. 26-44. Left cercus of g. 26, Pezodrymadusa magnifica (Wern.) ; 27, P. subinermis 
sp.n.; 28, P. konowi (Bol.) ; 29, P. indivisa sp.n.; 30, P. kurmana (Rme.) ; 31, P. lata 
sp. n.; 32, P. uvarovi sp. n.; 33, P. sinuata Rme.; 34, P. grisea (Rme.) ; 35, P. diffusa 
(Rme.), right cercus; 36, P. striolata(Rme.) ; 37, P. angorensis (Uv.); 38, Anadrymadusa 
spinicercis (Karab.); 39, A. ornatipennis (Rme.); 40, A. vetowskit (Adel.); 41, 
A. adzharica (Uv.); 42, A. brevipennis (Br.-W.); 43, A. curvicercis (Uv.); 44, A. 
vecticauda (Wern.). 


Io 


aE 
I2 


13 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 


(3) Last tergite unicolourous, its appendages short and thin (Text-figs. 46, 47) ; 
median branches of titillator slender, with small and numerous spines includ- 
ing their basal parts (Text-figs. 57, 58). 

(6) Elytra not black, with irregular brown spots; appendages of last tergite very 
short and almost parallel (Text-fig. 46) ; cercus as in Text-fig. 27; median 
branches of titillator very thin, with a few fine spines (Text-fig. 57) 


15 


2. subinermis sp. n. 


(5) Elytra black, with irregular creamy spots ; appendages of last tergite long and 
strongly divergent (Text-fig. 47) ; cercus narrowed gradually to the last third, 
then slightly thickened, with a strong apical tooth (Text-fig. 28); median 
branches of titillator long and strong, with numerous spines (Text-fig. 58) 


3. Ronowi (I. Bolivar) 


(2) Cercus slightly incurved (Text-figs. 29-32). 

(9) Apical part of cercus long, strongly convex on the inner side, its outer edge 
almost straight, with a small apical tooth (Text-fig. 32) ; appendages of last 
tergite very long, strongly divergent (Text-fig. 51); median branches of 


titillator short and stout, with very strong teeth (Text-fig. 62) 4. uvarovi sp. n. 


(8) Apical part of cercus short, not strongly convex on the inner side (Text-figs. 
29-31) ; appendages of last tergite not very long, slightly divergent (Text- 

figs. 48-50). 
(11) Apical part of cercus subtriangular, with a convexity near apex and a long 
apical tooth (Text-fig. 29) ; basal parts of titillator fused, its median branches 


with dense teeth (Text-fig. 59) F ‘ : : . 5. indivisasp. n. 


(10) Apical part of cercus rounded (Text-figs. 30, ue 

(13) Apical part of cercus subacute, its apical third distinctly convex, with a small 
apical tooth (Text-fig. 30) basal branches of titillator very narrow, median 
branches with numerous spines (Text-fig. 60) ; upper surface of pronotum 


blackish-brown, except posterior edge of metazona . . 6. Rurmana (Ramme) 


(12) Apical part of cercus round, with a strong apical tooth (Text-fig. 31); basal 
branches of titillator wide at the middle, median branches stout and with 
strong and numerous teeth ipa | 61) ; upper surface of pronotum dirty 


dark brown . ; : : : : : 7. lata sp. n. 


(1) Cercus strongly incurved (Text- nae 33-37). 
(18) Apical part of cercus distinctly shorter than the basal (Text-figs. 33, 34). 


(17) Appendages of last tergite gradually narrowing, weakly divergent (Text-fig. 52) ; 
apical part of cercus scarcely narrowed to a rounded apex, without distinct 


knee (Text-fig. 33) (titillator in the paratype missing) . 8. sinuata (Ramme) 
17 (16) Appendages of last tergite suddenly narrowed in the apical half, strongly 


divergent (Text-fig. 53) ; apical part of cercus subacute, with a distinct knee 
(Text-fig. 34); basal branches of titillator very narrow, median branches 


strong, with a line of strong teeth (Text-fig. 63) : : g. grisea (Ramme) 


(15) Cercus with the apical part not shorter than the basal (Text-figs. 35-37). 
(20) Apical part of cercus short and thick, aces convex on the inner side (Text- 


fig. 35) F ‘ : . Io. diffusa (Ramme) 


(19) Apical part of cercus long, iapsring (Text- figs 36, re 
(22) Apical part of cercus as long as basal (Text-fig 36) ; basal branches of titillator 
very narrow, median branches stout, with strong teeth (Text-fig. 64) 


11. striolata (Ramme) 


(21) Apical part of cercus longer than the basal (Text-fig. 37) ; basal branches of titil- 
lator wide, median branches with strong teeth (Text-fig. 65) 


12. angorensis (Uvarov) 


16 


T. KARABAG 


Fics. 45-55. Last tergite of g. 45, Pezodrymadusa magnifica (Wern.) ; 46, P. subinermis 
sp.n.; 47, P. konowi (Bol.) ; 48, P. indivisa sp. n.; 49, P. kurmana (Rme.) ; 50, P. lata 
sp.n.; 51, P. uvarovisp. n.; 52, P. sinuata(Rme.); 53, P. grisea (Rme.) ; 54, P. striolata 
(Rme.); 55, P. angorensis (Uv.). 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 


17 


Fics. 56-73. 4g titillator. 56, Pezodrymadusa magnifica (Wern.); 57, P. subinermis 
sp.n.; 58, P. konowi (Bol.) ; 59, P. indivisa sp.n.; 60, P. kurmana (Rme.) ; 61, P. lata 
sp. n.; 62, P. uvarovi sp. n.; 63, P. grisea (Rme.); 64, P. striolata (Rme.); 65, P. angorensis 
(Uv.) ; 66, Anadrymadusa brevipennis (Br.-W.) ; 67, A. curvicercis (Uv.) ; 68, A. spini- 
cerycis (Karab.) ; 69, A. recticauda (Wern.); 70, A. adzharica (Uv.); 71, A. retowskit 
(Adel.) ; 72, A. ornatipennis (Rme.) ; 73, Ceraeocercus fuscipennis fuscipennis Uv. 


18 T. KARABAG 


Female 


1 (12) VI sternite with a more or less distinct convexity (Text-figs. 86—go). 
2 (5) VII sternite with a tubercle or distinct convexity (Text-figs. 86, 87, 97, 98). 
3 (4) VI and VII sternites with a distinct tubercle (Text-figs. 86, 97) ; pronotum with 
typical pattern ; hind femur with a light brown spot on the upper edge near 
the base, outer surface unicolourous : ; sinuata (Ramme) 
4 (3) VI sternite with a convexity, VII sternite without tubercle, but its apical part 
strongly convex (Text-figs. 87, 98); pronotum without typical pattern ; 
hind femur with an elongated black spot on the upper edge near the base and 


a long black stripe on the middle of outer surface. ; uvarovi sp. n. 
5 (2) VII sternite without tubercle and not strongly convex (Text- figs, 88-90, 
99-102). 


6 (9) Pronotum with typical pattern. 


Fics. 74-85. 2 leftelytra. 74, Pezodrymadusa sinuata (Rme.) ; 75, P. uvarovi sp. n.; 76, 
P. angorensis (Uv.) ; 77, P. affinis (Bol.) ; 78, P. diffusa (Rme.) ; 79, P. kurmana (Rme.) ; 
80, P. subinermis sp. n.; 81, P. indivisa sp. n.; 82, P. striolata (Rme.) ; 83, P. Ronowt 
(Bol.) ; 84, P. magnifica (Wern.) ; 85, P. grisea (Rme.). 


7 (8) Ovipositor longer than half of hind femur, stout (Text-fig. 99) ; hind femur with 
a small brown spot on the upper edge near the base . angorensis (Uvarov) 
8 (7) Ovipositor approximately as long as half of hind femur, slender (Text-fig. 100) ; 
hind femur with a blackish-brown spot on the upper edge near the base 
affinis (I. Bolivar) 
g (6) Pronotum without typical pattern. 
10 (11) Pronotum uniformly dirty brown; apical angle of VII sternite almost acute ; 
apical lobes of subgenital plate as in Text-fig. 89 ; hind femur unicolourous ; 
apical part of ovipositor as in Text-fig. 101 : ; diffusa (Ramme) 
1m (10) Upper surface of pronotum, except posterior edge, blackish- brown ; apical 
angle of VII sternite rounded ; apical lobes of subgenital plate as in Text-fig. 
90; hind femur with an elongated dark brown spot on the upper edge; an 
elongated dark brown stripe on the outer surface ; apical part of ovipositor as 
in Text-fig. 102. ; ; ; ‘ ; ‘ ; kurmana (Ramme) 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 19 


12 (1) VI sternite without a convexity (Text-figs. 91-96, 103-108). 
13 (14) Elytra (Text-fig. 83) black with a series of whitish spots ; a big black spot on 
the upper edge of hind femur at the base ; subgenital plate and ovipositor as 
in Text-figs. 94, 108 - 3 : ; konowi (I. Bolivar) 
14 (13) Elytra not black, or only outer edge blackish. 
15 (22) Pronotum with distinct or very weak typical pattern. 
16 (21) Pronotum with distinct typical pattern; metazona not distinctly flattened. 
Elytra brown with irregular creamy spots. 
17 (18) Ovipositor (Text-fig. pale shorter than half of hind femur ; hind femur marbled 
in the basal half . ; : : ° ‘ ; subinermis sp. n. 


Fics. 86-96. 9 bi-concave plate, subgenital plate and basis of ovipositor. 86, Pezodryma- 
dusa sinuata (Rme.), VI-VII sternites ; 87, P. uvarovi sp. n.; 88, P. angorensis (Uv.), 
V-VII sternites ; 89, P. diffusa (Rme.), VI-VII sternites; 90, P. kurmana (Rme.), 
VI-VII sternites : 91, P. subinermis sp. n., VII sternite; 92, P. indivisa sp. n., VII 
sternite ; 93, P. striolata (Rme.), VII sternite ; 94, P. konowi (Bol.), VII sternite; 95, 
P. magnifica (Wern.), VII sternite ; 96, P. grisea (Rme.), VII sternite. 


18 (17) Elytra blackish-brown; ovipositor longer than half of hind femur; hind 
femur with black spots. 
1g (20) Elytra (Text-fig. 84) apically black, without light spots; hind femur with a 
small black spot on the upper edge of its base and several black spots on the 
upper half of its outer surface ; subgenital plate as in Text-fig. 107 ; ovipositor 
very stout . . magnifica (Werner). 
20 (19) Elytra (Fig. 82) not apically black, with irregular light spots : a blackish-brown 
spot on the sh part of upper edge of hind femur, outer surface unicolourous ; 
subgenital plate and ovipositor as in Text-fig. 93, 105 striolata (Ramme) 


20 


T. KARABAG 


21 (16) Pronotum with very weak typical pattern; metazona distinctly flattened ; 


elytra (Text-fig. 85) extending a little beyond the middle of second tergite ; 
hind femur with a big black spot on the basal part of upper edge; a long 
blackish-brown spot on the middle of outer surface ; subgenital plate as in 
Text-fig. 96 ; ovipositor slender (Text-fig. 106), : : . grisea (Brunner) 


22 (15) Pronotum without typical pattern, cylindrical; elytra (Text-fig. 81) reddish- 


brown, with few small light spots, outer edges blackish; hind femur 
uniformly light brown; subgenital plate and ovipositor as in Text-figs 92, 104 
indivisa sp. n. 


Fics. 97-108. Ovipositor. 97, Pezodrymadusa sinuata (Rme.), VI-VII sternites; 98, 


Igol. 
1922. 
1934. 


P. uvarovi sp. n., VI-VII sternites ; 99, P. angorensis (Uv.), V—VII sternites ; 100, 
P. affinis (Bol.) ; to1, P. diffusa (Rme.), VI-VII sternites ; 102, P. kurmana (Rme.), 
VI-VII sternites ; 103, P. subinermis sp. n.; 104, P. indivisa sp. n. VII sternite ; 105, 


P. striolata (Rme.) ; 106, P. grisea (Rme.), VII sternite; 107, P. magnifica (Wern.) ; 
108, P. konowi (Bol.). 


1. Pezodrymadusa magnifica (Werner, 1901) 


Drymadusa magnifica Werner, Sitzb. mat.-nat. Cl. K. Akad. Wiss. 110 : 290. 
Drymadusa magnifica Ebner, Acta soc. Entom. Cechoslov. 20: 2. 
Drymadusa magnifica Uvarov, Eos, 10: 46. 


§. Fastigium of vertex a little wider than first antennal segment. Pronotum 
stout ; no shoulder excision ; posterior margin broadly rounded with a shallow 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA Zi 


excision in the middle; distinct median carina in the second half of metazona. 
Elytra longer than pronotum. Hind femur stout, relatively long. Last tergite 
(Text-fig. 45) with a distinct depression on the middle of appendages. 

Coloration : Face brownish-white, a distinct black band between eyes ; occiput dark 
brown ; a wide black stripe behind eye. Pronotum with typical pattern, yellowish- 
brown ; a wide yellowish-brown stripe on the lateral edge of pronotum ; a big dark 
brown spot on the middle of lateral lobe, dark brown median stripe ; metazona 
darker ; elytra reddish-brown, laterally and apically black ; first and second femora 
with irregular black spots ; near the apical part of first and second femur a black 
ring ; a black ring on the tympanal region ; a brown ring on the apical part of first 
and second tibiae ; hind femur with a longitudinal stripe, black spots on the outer 
surface and irregular black spots above the stripe, a big black spot on the basal 
edge and dark-smokey spot on the middle of the upper edge ; irregular black spots on 
the middle of inner surface near upper edge ; a dark brown ring near the apical part ; 
most of tibial spines with black basal spots. Half of first and second tergites black, 
some irregular dark brown spots on the lateral surface of third tergite ; gth tergite 
laterally blackish-brown, last tergite mostly black ; subgenital plate light brown. 

Q. Rather stout ; elytra shorter than pronotum. Coloration as in g, but darker. 

Length of body, J, 26°5-27°3, 2, 34°5-35; pronotum, 3, 9°5-Io'I, 2, 10:2—-10°5 ; 
elytra, J, 10-1-10°6, 9, 9-9°4; fore femur, 3g, 8-4-8-7, 9, 9-9:2; hind femur, J, 
25°3-25°'5, 2, 27°I-29'2 ; ovipositor, 14:2-16-4 mm. 

Specimens examined : Armenia, Ordubat, 1 2 (type) (Coll. Br.-W., Coll. Christoph) ; 
Khoi (NW. Persia, Zugmayer) (Vienna Museum) ; Karmalinovka distr. Nachichevan, 
23.Vvili.17, I 3, I 2 (British Museum). 

This species has been described by Werner from three larvae from Samos, and I 2 
from Ordubat, and there is no doubt that two species were confused. The Samos 
species was probably Paradrymadusa ornatipennis described by Ramme from that 
island (Deut. ent. Zeitschr. 1926 : 282). Ebner (1922) and Uvarov (1934) discussed this 
problem and agreed that the female from Ordubat should be regarded as the type of 
magnifica and the name ornatipennis becomes available for the Samos species. 

I examined the female type from Ordubat and the male from Nachichevan and 
give here their illustrations. 

Shugurov (1911, Zapiski Novoross. Ob. Est. 37:11) recorded this species from 
Crimea, but Miram (Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. Leningrad, 1929 : 461) stated that 
Shugurov’s description applies to retowskii (see p. 36). Werner’s records of this 
species from Serai-Dagh and from between Konia and Kaisarie (= Kayseri) based 
on larvae (Aun. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, xx : 2) cannot be accepted (Uvarov, t.c.). 


2. Pezodrymadusa subinermis sp. n. 


(type). Fastigium of vertex long, widened in the middle, narrowed to the vertex, 
as wide as first antennal segment. Pronotum relatively short ; first sulcus very 
distinct, typical sulcus roundly curved a little behind the middle of pronotum ; 
a large depression on the beginning of metazona ; posterior edge very weakly rounded, 
lateral carina weakly indicated in the apical part of metazona. Elytra shorter than 


22 T. KARABAG 


pronotum. Hind femur stoutly built, relatively short. Subgenital plate (Text-fig. gr), 
with deep subacute excision, with short cylindrical styli. 

General coloration dirty brown ; face light brown, blackish band between eyes ; 
occiput dark brown, some dark brown stripes behind antennal sockets and eyes ; 
pronotum with typical pattern, but its upper surface light brown and lateral lobes 
dark brown, two median short, parallel, black stripes on the prozona, typical sulcus 
distinctly brown, behind it two parallel brown median lines ; lateral edge of lobes 
with a wide light band, posterior margin with a narrow dark brown stripe ; elytra 
reddish-brown, with irregular light spots; a very pale dark brown ring near the 
apical part of femora and tibiae ; hind femur with a small elongated dark brown 
spot on the basal upper edge, upper edge and inside of the femur slightly marbled. 

2. As 3g, but pronotum more slender ; elytra (Text-fig. 80) much shorter than 
pronotum. Ventral plate with very wide depression, its median carina low. Sub- 
genital plate with acutangular excision, round which there is a depression ; ovipositor 
shorter than half of hind femur, its basal part stoutly built, apical part slender 
(Text-fig. 103). 

Coloration as in ¢. 

Length of body, 4, 26-9, 2, 27:I1-28 ; pronotum, J, 8-1, 2, 7-9-8; elytra, J, 7°8, 
2, 6-1-6:4; fore femur, 3, 7°5, 2, 7-9-8-1; hind femur, J, 24:9, 9, 25:-6-26°6 ; ovi- 
positor, I2-I mm. 

Specimens examined: E. Turkey: Elazig, Sivrice, 12.vi.1952, I 3 (type), 
15.Vi., 16. vii. 1952, 2 9 (O. K. Giilen). 

This new species is related to P. konowz (Bol.), but differs from it by being more 
stout and by pronotum with typical pattern which is absent in P. konowz, by the 
colour of elytra and by the shape of ¢ cercus. 


3. Pezodrymadusa konowi (I. Bolivar, 1899) 


1899. Drymadusa konowi I. Bolivar, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 43 : 600. 
1939. Drymadusa khonowi Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24 (1) : 68. 


g. Fastigium of vertex a little wider than first antennal segment. Pronotum 
cylindrical. Elytra shorter than pronotum, extending almost to the end of 2nd 
tergite. Appendages of last tergite (Text-fig. 47) narrow and very acute ; subgenital 
plate with widely rounded excision, styli cylindrical. 

General coloration reddish-brown, face creamy brown; a very distinct band 
between eyes ; occiput as face; a wide black stripe behind eye ; pronotum uni- 
colourous, pronotal lobes of some specimens have light edges; elytra black with 
irregular ivory-white spots ; legs unicolourous, a large elongate black spot on the 
basal upper edge and a brown elongate stripe on the outer side of hind femur, inside 
of hind femur unicolourous ; basal part of last tergite blackish-brown. 

°. As 4, but larger, pronotum stouter and more convex in profile. Elytra 
(Text-fig. 83) much shorter than pronotum, extending to the middle of 2nd tergite. 
Hind femur stouter. Ventral plate relatively small, with a short and stout median 
carina ; subgenital plate (Text-fig. 94) wider than long. Ovipositor (Text-fig. 108) 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 23 


much longer than half the hind femur, its middle part narrowed, gradually down- 
curved. 

Coloration as in 4, first thirds of tergites blackish-brown ; upper basal part of 
ovipositor blackish-brown. 

Length of body, 3, 25-29, 2, 28-9-31 ; pronotum, 3, 8-9, 9, 8-5-9°4; elytra, J, 
7°3-8, 2, 5-7; fore femur, J, 7, 2,7°9; hind femur, J, 22-23, 2, 23:8-25-2 ; oviposi- 
tor, 12-4-13°8 mm. 

Specimens examined : S. Turkey : Marach (=Maras), Bimbogha-Dagh (= Binbuga 
dagi),  g, 1 2 (type) (Escalera) (Madrid Museum); Maras, 1931, 1 9 (E. Cold) 
(British Museum); Elazig: Heleziir Koyii, 16.vii.1952, 1 g, Elazig: Sivrice, 
g.vi.1951, 8 3, 23 9 (O. K. Giilen) (Zoological Institute, University of Ankara). 

Ramme (1939) mentioned also 1 2 from Akbes in Syria. 


4. Pezodrymadusa indivisa sp. n. 
1958. Drymadusa kurmana Karabag, Orthop. Faun. Turkey : 48 (nec Ramme). 


dg (type). Slender. Fastigium of vertex almost as wide as first antennal segment, 
with very shallow and fine median sulcus above. Pronotum cylindrical, relatively 
short, posterior margin very broadly rounded ; lateral carina very weak, onlyin 
metazona ; shoulder excision almost absent ; first sulcus distinct ; typical sulcus 
very weak, roundly curved at the middle of pronotum. Elytra shorter than pronotum, 
reaching middle of 2nd tergite. Legs slender and relatively short. Appendages of 
last tergite as Text-fig. 48 ; cercus (Text-fig. 29) cylindrical, weakly incurved at the 
last third, its apical part acute; subgenital plate with a rounded excision, styli 
cylindrical, short. 

General coloration light brown, face much lighter, blackish band between eyes 
distinct ; occiput very weakly marbled ; pronotum reddish-brown, without typical 
pattern, no blackish stripe on outer posterior margin; lateral edges of pronotal 
lobes with indistinct light brown stripe ; elytra dark reddish-brown, with few light 
spots and blackish lateral edge ; legs unicolourous, hind femur without black spots ; 
tergites unicolourous. 

. Stouter. Elytra (Text-fig. 81) much shorter than pronotum, extending a 
little beyond first tergite. Hind femur much stouter and longer than in 3; VI 
sternite flattened, VII sternite weakly convex; ventral plate (Text-fig. 92) not 
very wide ; subgenital plate with acutangular excision, and a longitudinal median 
depression ; ovipositor a little longer than half the hind femur, gradually down- 
curved, its middle distinctly broad. 

Coloration as in g, but a little darker ; occiput distinctly marbled ; pronotum 
dark reddish-brown ; light stripe at the edge of lateral lobes more distinct. Elytra 
with small pale spots, and black edges. Ovipositor without dark pattern. 

Length of body, ¢, 28-3, 2, 29; pronotum, 4, 7:7, 9, 8-8; elytra, 3, 6-1, 9, 6; 
fore femur, ¢, 6:6, 2, 7:4; hind femur, 3g, 23°8, 9, 25-6; ovipositor, 13-I mm. 

Specimen examined : E. Turkey: Van, Gavas (Gevas) distr. Artos dag, 8,000 ft., 
I5.Vli.1954, I 3 (type), 1 2 (P. H. Davis). 


24 T. KARABAG 


This new species is allied to P. kurmana Ramme, but differs from it by the colour 
of occiput, pronotum and elytra, shape of cercus and titillator, colour of hind femur 
and structure of ovipositor. 


5. Pezodrymadusa kurmana (Ramme, 1939) 


1939. Drymadusa kurmana Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24 (1) : 69. 
1951. Drymadusa kurmana Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 27 : 358. 


¢. Fastigium of vertex a little wider than first antennal segment, with a short 
and distinct median sulcus. Pronotum cylindrical, relatively small; its posterior 
edge very broadly rounded; lateral carina rounded, but distinct in metazona ; 
first sulcus distinct ; typical sulcus roundly curved a little behind the middle of 
pronotum; shoulder excision almost absent. Elytra shorter than pronotum, 
extending a little beyond 2nd tergite. Hind femur short. Appendages of last tergite 
(Text-fig. 49) slightly (in some specimens strongly) divergent ; cercus cylindrical, 
very weakly incurved in last third (Text-fig. 30) ; subgenital plate with wide round 
excision, styli very short. 

General coloration ochre-brown ; face light brown; black band between eyes 
very distinct ; occiput blackish-brown ; two wide blackish-brown stripes behind 
eye ; upper surface of pronotum black or blackish-brown, except wide posterior 
edge ; posterior margin with a narrow blackish-brown edge ; lateral lobes light 
reddish-brown, with a light creamy posterior edge ; elytra reddish-blackish-brown, 
apical part blackish-brown, with irregular round light spots; femora near apex 
with a very pale dark brown ring ; or with long blackish-brown spot on the basal upper 
edge of hind femur, a long dark brown stripe on inner and outer sides ;_ tergites 
unicolourous, only apical edges dark brown. 

Q. Pronotum more convex in profile than in g. Elytra (Text-fig. 79) much 
shorter than pronotum, extending to the middle of 2nd tergite. Hind femur longer, 
and stouter; VI sternite distinctly convex, ventral plate wide ; subgenital plate 
wider than long, with a deep acutangular excision (Text-fig. 90) ; ovipositor a little 
longer than half the hind femur, stout, not widened in the middle (Text-fig. 102). 

Coloration as in g, but darker ; basal upper edge of ovipositor blackish. 

Length of body: 3, 25-25:8, 2, 27-27:2 ; pronotum, dg, 7:1-7:6, 9, 8-8-4 ; elytra, 
3, 5°7-6°7, 2, 5°7-5°9; fore femur, J, 6°5-6°7, 9, 7-6; hind femur, J, 22-22:9, Q, 
24°6-25-2, ovipositor, I2°-I-13 mm. 

Specimens examined : SE. Turkey: Malatya Mountains near Yukaribanassiya 
(= Yukaribanazi), I,100-1,600 m., 6 and 7.vii.37, 5 (type), 2 (W. Ramme) (Berlin 
Museum), 1 ¢ (British Museum). 


6. Pezodrymadusa lata sp. n. 


3 (type). Fastigium of vertex a little wider than first antennal segment, with a 
distinct median sulcus. Pronotum cylindrical, its posterior margin broadly rounded, 
lateral carina distinct in the last half of metazona ; first sulcus distinct, typical 
sulcus roundly curved behind middle of pronotum. Elytra almost as long as prono- 
tum, extending to the end of 2nd tergite. Legs slender ; hind femur relatively short 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 25 


and not very stout. Appendages of last tergite (Text-fig. 50) divergent, cercus 
cylindrical, slightly incurved, with acute apical spine ; subgenital plate with widely 
rounded excision, styli cylindrical and very short. 

General coloration greyish-brown, face greyish-white ; black band between eyes ; 
first antennal segment dark brown ; occiput grey ; two longitudinal parallel blackish 
stripes near the middle; pronotum grey, without typical pattern, lateral edges of 
pronotal lobes creamy ; black spot on the lateral corner of metazona ; elytra brown, 
with a large elongated whitish spot on the posterior edge, and some small irregular 
light spots ; anterior edge darker. Upper surface of femora a little darker than the 
lower ; hind femur without black or dark brown spots. Tergites marbled ; subgenital 
plate creamy. 

Length of body, 28; pronotum, 7-9; elytra, 7-8; fore femur, 7-1; hind femur, 
25°I mm. 

Specimen examined: E. Turkey: Bingol, Karliova, Kiriik K6yii, 6.viii.1954, 
I 3 (type) (N. Sisli). 

This new species is allied to P. kurmana but differs from it by colour of pronotum, 
lgnger elytra, with elongate whitish spot on their posterior edge ; absence of black 
spot on the basal upper edge of hind femur, and by the structure of cercus and titil- 
lator. 


7. Pezodrymadusa uvarovi sp. n. 


6 (type). Fastigium of vertex a little wider than first antennal segment, with 
very shallow median sulcus. Pronotum cylindrical, relatively short ; its posterior 
edge broadly rounded ; lateral carina very weak at the corner of metazona ; first 
sulcus distinct ; typical sulcus roundly curved behind middle of pronotum. Elytra 
longer than pronotum, extending to the end of 3rd tergite ; hind femur short and 
stout. Appendages of last tergite long, spine-like, divergent (Text-fig. 51) ; cercus 
stout (Text-fig. 32) ; titillator stout (Text-fig. 62) ; subgenital plate longer than 
wide, with acutangular excision, styli cylindrical, small. 

General coloration light brown, or greyish-brown ; face dirty light brown ; black 
band between eyes very distinct ; outer sides of first and second segment of antenna 
black ; surrounding the eye black; occiput of ground colour, without pattern ; 
pronotum light brown, lateral edges of pronotal lobes lighter, posterior margin of 
pronotum reddish-brown ; elytron reddish-brown, with irregular creamy spots ; 
basal parts of femoral spines black, near the apices of femora dark brown ring ; 
large elongated black spot on the basal upper edge and a longitudinal black spot, 
widening apically, a small elongate black spot near upper edge of inside of hind femur ; 
apical edge of V—VIIIth tergites dark brown (in other specimens pale striped with 
reddish-brown). 

2. Pronotum more slender, elongate and more convex in profile ; its posterior 
margin more broadly rounded (some specimens have a weak median carina on the 
last half of metazona). Elytra (Text-fig. 75) shorter than pronotum. Subgenital 
plate longer than wide, with acutangular excision ; ovipositor longer than half of 


26 T. KARABAG 


hind femur, slender, its upper edge almost straight, lower edge regularly down- 
curved (Text-fig. 98). 

Coloration as in 4, but a little darker, elytra darker, with a large elongate whitish 
spot near the inner edge and some small light spots in the middle. 

Length of body, 3, 27 (type) —32°4, 9, 30-31°5 ; pronotum, J, 8-1 (type), 9, g-10-1 ; 
elytra, 3, 9:2 (type), 2, 6-2-8-1 ; fore femur, 3, 7-8-2 (type), 2, 8-3-9:1 ; hind femur, 
3, 26 (type), 2, 25:3-26-9 ; ovipositor, I5 mm. 

Specimen examined: E. Turkey: Tunceli, Nazimiye, 8.vii.1952, 4 3 (including 
type), 2 2 (O. K. Giilen). 

I have much pleasure in dedicating this new species to Dr. B. P. Uvarov, who has 
done outstanding work on Orthoptera. 

This new species differs from others by the structure of cercus and titillator of 4, 
and by tubercle on the VIth sternite of 9. 


8. Pezodrymadusa sinuata (Ramme, 1951) 


1951. Drymadusa sinuata Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 27 : 357. 


g. Pronotum cylindrical, rather elongate, posterior margin almost semicircular ; 
lateral carina very weak at the corner of metazona. Elytra extending to the end of 
and tergite. 

Face light ; dark brown band between eyes; pronotum with distinct typical 
pattern, and broad blackish median stripe; elytra reddish-brown, without light 
spots, a dark brown ring near the apical part of femora ; hind femur with a big dark 
spot on the basal upper edge. 

Q (type). Fastigium of vertex almost as wide as first antennal segment, with a 
median sulcus. Pronotum more elongate, cylindrical, posterior edge almost semi- 
circular ; a weak median carina on the last half of metazona ; pro- and metazona 
of lateral lobes with a wide convexity. Elytra (Text-fig. 74) shorter than pronotum. 
Appendages of anal tergite long (Text-fig. 52) ; ovipositor long, gradually down- 
curved (Text-fig. 97). 

General coloration light brown, face whitish-brown, a dark brown band between 
eyes ; elytra with light irregular spots. 

Length of body, 3, 2, 32-7; pronotum, J, 8, 9, 10; elytra, 3, 9, 9, 7°5 ; hind femur, 
3; 21, 2, 26; ovipositor, 18-6 mm. 

Specimens examined : E. Turkey: Sivas, Kizil Dagh (between Susehri and Zara), 
1930, I 9 (type) (Sevket Tuncok) ; Sivas, vii. 1934, I $ (Rosenbohm) (Berlin Museum), 

Ramme (1951) described the species from a single 9. The female characters are 
very good; the tubercle of VI and VIIth sternites and the length of ovipositor 
separate this species from P. striolata. The male from Sivas is in very bad condition, 
large part of abdomen and titillator being absent ; only the right cercus present and 
it is similar to that of P. striolata, though a little different from it. Until more 
specimens are available it is still doubtful whether the male belongs to P. simuata 
or P. striolata. 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 27 


9. Pezodrymadusa grisea (Brunner-Wattenwy]l, 1882) 
1882. Drymadusa grisea Brunner-Wattenwyl, Prodr. eur. Orthopt. : 315. 


g. Fastigium of vertex wider than first antennal segment, with a shallow median 
sulcus. Pronotum with weakly convex prozona and flattened metazona ; lateral 
carina distinct in metazona ; its posterior margin almost straight ; first sulcus very 
distinct ; typical sulcus roundly curved before the middle of pronotum ; no shoulder 
excision. Elytra longer than pronotum. Hind femur relatively short, but stout. 
Subgenital plate longer than wide, with a deep and acutangular excision, styli short. 

Face lighter and unicolourous ; black band between eyes very distinct ; outer 
surface of first and second segments of antenna blackish ; black postocular stripe 
with a white spot just behind ; occiput brown, a black median stripe on the pronotum, 
lateral edge of pronotal lobes lighter, lateral corner of metazona and middle of its 
posterior margin black. Elytra reddish-brown, without light spots. A dark brown 
ring near the apices of femora, a blackish-brown ring near the base of upper edge of 

shind femur, a black stripe along the middle of outer surface and a blackish-brown 
stripe on the lower edge of hind femur. Second half of I, II and III tergites blackish, 
the rest of them laterally with short transverse black stripes. 

Q. Pronotum more slender ; elytra (Text-fig. 85) shorter than pronotum. Ovi- 
positor (Text-fig. 106) slender, longer than half of hind femur, its upper edge almost 
straight, lower edge regularly down-curved. 

Coloration as in ¢. 

Length of body, 3, 26-4—30, 9, 25:2-26:2 ; pronotum, J, 8-3-9-2, 9, 8-2-9; elytra, 
6, 12, 9, 7:2-8:6; fore femur, ¢, 7-7-8-1, 9, 7:1-7:°8; hind femur, 3g, 23-26, 9, 
22°2-23°1I ; ovipositor, 16-16-4 mm. 

Specimens examined : Iran: Hadschyabad, 1 ¢ (type), 1 Q (Coll. Br. V. W., ex. 
Coll. Lederer), 8170 (Vienna Museum) ; Tal von Kamrud (Mazand.), 17—2,000 m., 
23.vi., I ¢ (Coll. P. Aellen, 1948), 1950-615 ; Shahrud (NE. Persia), 30.v.g14, 
1 2 (Kiritshenko) (British Museum). 

The structure of pronotum, the shape and length of ovipositor in this species are 
reminiscent of Paradrymadusa, but other characters are as in Pezodrymadusa. 


10. Pezodrymadusa diffusa (Ramme, 1951) 
1951. Drymadusa diffusa Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 27 : 356. 


g. Face whitish-grey, dark brown band between eyes. Posterior edge of pronotum 
almost straight, greyish-brown marbled. Elytra shorter than pronotum, blackish- 
brown, with some oval spots. Femora greyish-brown. 

Q (type). Elytra (Text-fig. 78) shorter than pronotum. Ovipositor longer than half 
of hind femur, stout, regularly down-curved (Text-fig. 101). 

Length of body, g, 24:5, 2, 29; pronotum, 4, 9:2, 2, 9-3; elytra, J, 8, 9, 6-7; 
hind femur, 3, 22:1, 9, 22:4; ovipositor, 13-8 mm. 

Specimens examined: S. Turkey: Ulukisla, 1,400-1,600 m., 17.vii.1937, I 9 
(type) (W. Ramme) ; Diimbelek Dagh, 1 ¢ allotype, (Collector ?) (Berlin Museum). 


28 T. KARABAG 


This species is very similar to P. striolata in the shape of cercus and ovipositor, 
differing mainly by colour and especially by the typical pattern of pronotum. 

The last tergite of the j is much damaged, and the titillator is absent. The species 
will remain doubtful, until more specimens are available. 


11. Pezodrymadusa striolata (Ramme, 1951) 
1951. Drymadusa striolata Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 27 : 355. 


$. Elytra a little shorter than pronotum, extending nearly to the end of third 
tergite. Subgenital plate almost as long as wide. 

Q. Elytra (Text-fig. 82) extending to the middle of second tergite, shorter than 
pronotum. Ovipositor (Text-fig. 105) longer than half of hind femur. 

Face whitish-brown, a big brown spot on the occiput ; black band between eyes ; 
black stripe behind eye ; two fine black and parallel median lines on the pronotum ; 
transverse blackish spot on the metazona ; yellowish-brown transverse band near 
posterior edge of metazona. Elytra dirty brown, with some light spots. Abdomen 
and legs uniformly brown. 

Length of body, 3, 30°6, 9,°32'2 ; pronotum, 4, 9°I, 2, 9:9; elytra, 3, 9, 2, 7:2; 
hind femur, g, 22:1, 9, 23; ovipositor, I3 mm. 

Specimens examined: S. Turkey: Nigde, Utsch Kapular (—Uckapular) Dagh, 
18, 21 and 24.vii.1937, I g (type), 1 2 (paratype) (W. Ramme) (Berlin Museum). 


12. Pezodrymadusa angorensis (Uvarov, 1930) 
1930. Drymadusa angorensis Uvarov, Eos, 6 : 353. 


¢g. Metazona short, weakly convex ; shoulder excision weak, rounded. Elytra 
reaching the apex of the third tergite. Subgenital plate obtusely excised behind. 

General coloration pale brown (some specimens light brown with dark brown 
pattern). Face uniformly pale (in some specimens light creamy) ; black fascia between 
eyes ; black line on the middle of metazona extending to its end ; indistinct typical 
pattern on the pronotum (in some specimens very distinct) ; (some specimens have 
light edge of lateral pronotal lobes) ; elytra with brownish (some specimens greenish- 
creamy) with lighter spots. A pale brown ring near the apices of femora ; a blackish- 
brown spot on the upper basal edge of hind femur. Tergites with blackish design 
(some specimens with blackish-brown and whitish spots on the tergites). 

2. Robust. Pronotum stout ; elytra (Text-fig. 76), reaching middle of second 
tergite. Subgenital plate with acutangular excision, surrounded by a depression ; 
ovipositor (Text-fig. 99) very stout, regularly down-curved. 

Coloration darker than in g, typical pattern on the pronotum very distinct. 

Length of body, 3g, 31-32°5, 9, 331-366; pronotum, g, 9-10, 9, 9:8-10-9 ; 
elytra, g, 8-2-10, 9 7-4; fore femur, g, 7:1-7°8, 9, 8-9; hind femur, J, 22-8-23-7, 
Q, 25°1-27°6 ; ovipositor, 13-8—14:3 mm. 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 29 


Specimens examined: Turkey: Ankara, Beypazari, 1 ¢ (type) (Sureya Bey) ; 
Asia Minor: between Ankara and Changri (—Cankiri), Kai-Dagh, 10. vii.1931, 
2 9 (B. P. Uvarov) (British Museum); Ankara: Etlik, 19.vii.1939, 1 3, 2 9; 
Ayasbeli, 11.vii.1939, I g, 1 9; Hacikadin deresi, 22.vi.1948 ; 1 ¢ (T. Karabag) 
(Zoological Institute, University of Ankara) ; Hasanoglan, 130 km., from Ankara, 
8.vil.1959, I 2 (K. Guichard) (British Museum). 

Ramme (1951) recorded this species from Ankara, Emir-Gdl, 1936, 1 2 (M. Tolunay). 


13. Pezodrymadusa affinis (I. Bolivar, 1899) 
1899. Drymadusa affinis I. Bolivar, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 431 : 601. 


Q. Pro- and metazona of pronotum convex, metazona weakly flattened ; shoulder 
excision shallow ; posterior edge of pronotum very broadly rounded. Elytra (Text- 
fig. 77) very small, extending to the end of first tergite. Hind femur relatively short, 
slender. Ovipositor (Text-fig. 100) relatively short, regularly down-curved. 

General coloration light brown, face unicolourous (but a dark brown band on the 
face) ; dark brown fascia between eyes distinct ; longitudinal brown stripe behind 
eye ; typical pronotal pattern distinct, a longitudinal median dark brown stripe on 
the pronotum ; elytra dark brown, with irregular light spots ; legs light brown, a 
big blackish-brown spot on the basal upper edge of hind femur. 

Length of body, 30-30-8 ; pronotum, 9-8; elytra, 5; fore femur. 8-9-1; hind 
femur, 24:9-25-I ; ovipositor, I2-4-13 mm. 

Specimens examined: S. Turkey: Bimbogha-Dagh (—Binbuga dagi), 1 2 (type) 
(Escalera) (Mus. Madrid) ; Utch-Kapular Dag (=Uckapular daig), Nigde, S. Anatolia, 
goo-I,400 m., 18., 21. and 28. vii.1937, 1 2 (W. Ramme) (British Museum). 

Ramme (1951) discussed this species, and compared it with P. angorensis. 

Bolivar described this species from a single female. Abdomen of the type is in bad 
condition, and Text-fig. 100 is that of a female from Utch-Kapular Dagh, determined 
by Ramme. Until more specimens of both sexes are obtained the status of this species 
will be uncertain. 


IV. ANADRYMADUSA gen. n. 


Type: Drymadusa spinicercis (Karabag, 1956). 

Fastigium of vertex with fine median sulcus. A black transverse fascia between 
eyes. First sulcus of pronotum distinct, typical sulcus almost in the middle of pro- 
notum ; a transverse depression behind the typical sulcus ; median carina absent 
or very weak. Elytra fully developed (except A. brevipennis, A. retowskit, A. ornati- 
pennis, A. albomaculata). 

3. Appendages of last tergite long, spine-like (except A. adzharica). Cercus 
mostly very long and with enlarged basal articulation. Subgenital plate with deep 
roundly-angular excision. 

9. Last tergite with long spine-like appendages. Between VII sternite and sub- 
genital plate there is a bi-concave ventral plate (except A. retowskiz). Subgenital 
plate with a deep acutangular or subacute excision. Ovipositor very long, almost 
straight or slightly down-curved. 


30 T. KARABAG 


DISTRIBUTION. Greek islands (Syra and Samos) ; Turkey ; Caucasus; Iran and 
Crimea. : 

Three species: retowskii, adzharica and ornatipennis are included in this genus 
with some hesitation. 


KEY TO SPECIES 


Male 


1 (8) Appendages of last tergite very long, spine-like and strongly divergent (Text-figs. 
I0g—IIT). 


NS 


Fics. 109-115. 6 last tergite. 109, Anadrymadusa brevipennis (Br.-W.) ; 110, A. spini- 
cercis (Karab.) ; 111, A. vecticauda (Wern.) ; 112, A. curvicercis (Uv.) ; 113, A. adzharica 
(Uv.) ; 113A, apical part of last tergite in profile; 114, A. retowskii (Adel.); 115, 
A. ornatipennis (Rme.). 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 31 


2 (3) Elytra shorter than pronotum; last tergite very narrow, its appendages 
swollen near apices, with a long and strong apical tooth (Text-fig. 109) ; cercus 
very long, rectangularly curved, length of its apical part almost equal to the 
basal part, with a long and strong apical tooth (Text-fig. 42) ; basal branches 
of titillator narrow, median branches compressed laterally, with a double 
line of strong numerous spines (Text-fig. 66) . ; . 1. brevipennis (Br.-W.) 

3 (2) Elytra much longer than pronotum (or much longer than abdomen) ; last 
tergite not very narrow. 

4 (5) External margin of wings infumate; IX tergite with acutangular projection, 
appendages of last tergite as Text-fig. 112 ; cercus very long, slender, strongly 
upcurved, its apical part much longer than basal, with a small apical tooth 
(Text-fig. 43); basal branches of titillator fused, median branches with 
strong spines (Text-fig. 67) 2. curvicercis (Uvarov) 


5 (4) External margin of wings not infumate; IX tergite without a median acutan- 
gular projection. 


| 


Fics. 116-119. @ leftelytra. 116, Anadrymadusa brevipennis (Br.-W.) ; 117. A. retowskit 
(Adel) ; 118, A. ornatipennis (Rme.) ; 119, A. albomaculata (Karab.). 


6 (7) Elytra much longer than abdomen ; appendages of last tergite strongly divergent, 
but apically incurved (Text-fig. 110); cercus conical, with a large tooth 
before the apex (Text-fig. 38) ; basal branches of titillator as in Text-fig. 68, 
median branches covered with dense teeth ; : 3. Spinicercis (Karabag) 
7 (6) Elytra shorter or a little longer than abdomen; appendages of last tergite 
strongly divergent behind middle (Text-fig. 111); cercus obtusangularly 
incurved with a distinct convexity near its middle and a strong apical tooth 
(Text-fig. 44) ; basal branches of titillator slender, median branches with a 
line of strong teeth (Text-fig. 69) F ; 4. recticauda (Werner) 
8 (1) Appendages of last tergite not very long, down-curved, incurved, or straight 
(Text-figs. 113-115). 
9g (10) Elytra shorter than pronotum ; appendages of last tergite incurved in half circle 
(Text-fig. 114) ; cercus upcurved also in half circle (Text-fig. 40) ; titillator 
small and very slender, median branches with few spines (Text-fig. 71) 
5. retowskii (Adelung) 
10 (9) Elytra longer than pronotum ; appendages of last tergite divergent or straight 
(Text-fig. 113, 115) ; cercus slightly or strongly incurved (Text-fig. 41, 42) ; 
titillator stout (Text-figs. 70, 72). 


32 ' T. KARABAG 


Ir (12) Appendages of last tergite strongly decurved (Text-figs. 113, 113A); cercus 
slightly incurved, with a distinct swelling at the last third of inside, and a strong 
apical tooth (Text-fig. 41), median branches of titillator with strong teeth 
(Text-fig. 70) ; : . 6. adzharica (Uvarov) 
12 (11) Appendages of last tergite straight (Text-fig. II 5); cercus strongly incurved, 
with a distinct knee at the last third and a strong apical tooth (Text-fig. 42) ; 
median branches of titillator long, with large teeth at the median line (Text- 
fig. 72) : . : . ‘ . ‘: . 7. ornatipennis (Ramme.) 


Females 
t (8) Elytra longer than half of body. 
(3) External margin of wings distinctly infumate ; IV—VII sternites convex poster- 
iorly ; bi-concave ventral plate longer than subgenital plate, with a large 
median carina ; lobes of subgei ye aici with ee apical edge (Text-fig. 
128)... , ; , CUSCae (Uvarov) 
3 (2) External margin of wings not ibomtaee: 
4 (5) Elytra extend beyond the hind knee; bi-concave ventral plate much shee Sh 
than subgenital plate, its median carina short ; subgenital plate much longer 
than wide (Text-fig. 124) : ‘ ; ‘ : Spinicercis (Karabag) 
5 (4) Elytra do not reach the hind knee. 
6 (7) V sternite without two swellings; VII sternite strongly convex in the apical 
part ; bi-concave ventral plate much shorter than subgenital plate ; subgenital 
plate longer than wide (Text-fig. 136) ; ovipositor nes than 2} times the 
pronotum, straight } . recticauda (Werner) 
7 (6) V sternite with two swellings posteriorly : : VII sternite very narrow with a low 
convexity ; ovipositor shorter than 24 times the pronotum, its upper edge 
straight, lower edge slightly concave ‘ ‘ : .  adzharica (Uvarov) 
8 (1) Elytra shorter than half of body. 
g (12) Elytra equal to or longer than pronotum. 
Io (11) Elytraasin Text-fig. 119 ; appendages of last tergite long (Text-fig. 123) ; V-VII 
sternites with a shallow median furrow, subgenital plate with a weak furrow 
in the apical half (Text-fig. 126) ; » . albomaculata (Karabag) 
II (10) Elytra as in Text-fig. 118; appendages of ‘ast tergite short, V—VII sternites 
with a very distinct and wide median furrow ; subgenital plate with a very 
distinct median furrow (Text-fig. 127) ; ’ ; ornatipennis (Ramme) 
12 (9) Elytra shorter than pronotum. 
13 (14) Bi-concave ventral plate present, subgenital plate with median and apical 
swelling (Text-fig. 129) ; ovipositor stout and straight brevipennis (Brunner) 
14 (13) Ventral plate not bi-concave but a single transverse shiny structure ; subgenital 
plate with a weak median carina (Text-fig. 125) ; ovipositor slightly down- 
curved : ‘ ; é 3 . : ’ .  retowskii (Adelung) 


1. Anadrymadusa brevipennis (Br.-W., 1882) 


1882. Drymadusa brevipennis Brunner-Wattenwyl, Prodr. eur. Orthopt. : 314, 315. 


Pronotum robust, its posterior edge rounded, first sulcus distinct, typical sulcus 
very weak, roundly curved nearly at the middle of pronotum. ¢ subgenital plate 
longer than wide, with rounded shallow excision, styli long and slender. 9° elytra as 
in Text-fig. 116. 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 33 


128 


Fics. 120-130. 9. 120, Anadrymadusa curvicercis (Uv.), appendages of last tergite ; 121, 
A. spinicercis (Karab.), ditto; 122, A. vecticauda (Wern.); 123, A. albomaculata 
(Karab.), ditto. 124-130, bi-concave plate, subgenital plate and basis of ovipositor. 
124, A. spinicercis (Karab.), VII sternite ; 125, A. vetowskii (Adel.), VII sternite ; 126, 
A. albomaculata (Karab.), VI-VII sternites; 127, A. ornatipennis (Rme.), V—VII 
sternites ; 128, A. curvicercis (Uv.), IV—VII sternite; 129, A. brevipennis (Br.-W.), 
VII sternite ; 130, A. vecticauda (Wern.), VII sternite. 


34 T. KARABAG 


General coloration reddish-brown, face unicolourous, typical fascia between eyes 
indistinct, some brown spots behind eyes, a long and narrow black spot on the lateral 
side of metazona. 

¢ hind femur with some blackish-brown short stripes in two lines on the basal 
upper edge, 2 with smaller blackish-brown spots on the basal upper edge of hind 
femur. 

Length of body, 3, 31-4-34, 9, 36-38-4 ; pronotum, 4, 11, 9, 11-11°8; elytra, 3, 
9-10, 2, 9-93; fore femur, J, 9-9'I, 2, 9°6-9:9; hind femur, 3, 26-28, 2, 29-30°1 ; 
ovipositor, 2I°5—22'4 mm. 

Specimens examined : Greek islands : Syra, 2 3, 2 2 (Coll. Br.) (Mus. Vienna). 

Ramme recorded this species also from the islands of Kea, Kythnos, Polivos, Andros, 
Paros, Antiparos, Amorgas and Skyros, but did not mention where the specimens 
are. It would be of interest to examine them, since some of them may be different 
species or subspecies. 


2. Anadrymadusa curvicercis (Uv., 1916) 


1916. Drymadusa curvicercis Uvarov, Bull. Mus. Caucasus, X: 8. 
1951. Drymadusa curvicercis Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 27 : 352 (Partim). 


Fastigium of vertex elongate, prominent forward, with distinct median sulcus. 
Pronotum relatively short, laterally depressed ; its posterior edge rounded ; with a 
distinct transverse depression behind the typical sulcus ; first sulcus very distinct ; 
typical sulcus distinct, roundly curved behind middle of prontoum. 

¢. Elytra extend beyond hind knee. Hind femur relatively short, but stout. 
Subgenital plate much longer than wide, with conical styli. 

Q. Elytra extend a little beyond the hind knee ; hind femur more stout than in 
3; cercus long and regularly incurved, its apex pointed (acute) appendages of last 
tergite (Text-fig. 120) very long and spine-like. Ovipositor much longer than half 
of hind femur, stout, very slightly down-curved, regularly narrowing to apex. 

Coloration testaceous-reddish-brown ; face uniformly reddish-creamy ; black 
fascia between eyes, orbits of eyes black; blackish stripe behind eye. Typical 
pattern of pronotum distinct ; blackish big spot on the lateral lobes, reddish-creamy 
stripe on the lateral edge of lateral lobes ; longitudinal median black stripe on the 
disc ; elytra testaceous, with irregular whitish and small dark brown spots ; hind 
femur marbled. 

? lighter than ¢, smoky fascia of wings darker than in gf; legs light brown. 

Length of body, 3g, 40, 2, 42; pronotum, 3, 9:7, 2, 11:2; elytra, 3, 40°5, 9, 45-1; 
fore femur, ¢, 10, 9, 12; hind femur, 3, 35:2, 9, 39 ; ovipositor, 28-3 mm. 

Specimens examined : Iran: Bakhtiaria, Radjoh-Tchal Tcharaneh, viii. 1950, I dg, 
1 2 (Hakim) (Mus. Leningrad). 

Uvarov described this species from Kurdistan: Biare and Senie 3 J, 2 2 (P. 
Nesterov). This beautiful insect looks superficially like Ceraeocercus, but differs 
from it especially by g cercus and bi-concave ventral plate of 9. 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 35 


: 3. Anadrymadusa spinicercis (Karabag, 1956) 
1956. Drymadusa spinicercis Karabag, Comm. Fac. Sci. Ankara, Serie C, 5: 7. 


¢g. Fastigium of vertex a little wider than first antennal segment. Pro- and meso- 
zona of pronotum weakly convex; metazona flattened, with median carina on 
metazona ; first sulcus distinct ; typical sulcus curved in angle behind middle of 
pronotum. Elytra well developed, wings very broad, semicircular. 

Coloration brown, face lighter, unicolourous ; frons with complete black band 
between eyes, which continues behind them ; pronotum above with typical pattern ; 
large blackish-brown spot on the lateral lobe of pronotum ; elytra with a series of 
round whitish.spots and smaller white markings. A blackish-brown ring near the 
apex of femora, hind femur with a dark brown spot on the basal edge of upper edge, 
irregular pale brown spots and stripes on the outer surface. 

Q. Median carina very weak on metazona. Hind femur very strong. Appendages 
of last tergite (Text-fig. 121) long and spine-like, almost parallel. Subgenital plate 
large, with a deep subacute excision, its lobes concave ; ovipositor much longer than 
bAlf of hind femur. 

Coloration as in 3. 

Length of body, 3, 39:2—40°5, 2, 41-42; pronotum, J, Io-II, 9, 10-2-12; elytra, 
36; 41-42, 2, 49-52°5; fore femur, 3, 11-8, 9, 13:2; hind femur, 4, 38-40, 9, 38-9- 
42°4; ovipositor, 30 mm. 

Specimens examined: SW. Turkey; Denizli province: Cal, Ucbas Kéyii 
23.V1.1952, 2 ¢ (including type), 2 2 (British Museum) ; Hatay—S. Turkey—Yayla 
dagi, Yukar Tingir Koyi, 28.vi.1952, I 2, Mersin: Cevlik Ké6yii, 2.vii.1952, 
1 $; Antalya-Alaiye 16. viii.1952, 1 9 (0. K. Giilen) (Zool. Inst. Univ. of Ankara). 


4. Anadrymadusa recticauda (Werner, 1903) 


1903. Drymadusa recticauda Werner, Zool. Anz. 26 : 530. 
1939. Drymadusa recticauda Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24 : 65. 
1951. Drymadusa recticauda Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 27 : 252. 


¢. Fastigium of vertex wider than first antennal segment, suddenly narrowed in 
front, with distinct median sulcus. Pronotum stout, posterior edge broadly rounded, 
lateral lobes longer than wide; first sulcus very distinct ; typical sulcus acutely 
curved behind the middle of pronotum, a weak median ete on metazona, lateral 
carina distinct in metazona; shoulder excision distinct. Elytra reaching end of 
abdomen (in some specimens much longer). Hind femur relatively stout, subgenital 
plate longer than wide, with a deep roundly-angular excision, styli long and cylindrical. 

General coloration dirty brown ; face uniformly light brown ; black band between 
eyes distinct ; blackish-brown band behind eye; occiput dirty brown ; pronotum 
with very weak typical pattern, its upper surface until upper half of lateral lobes 
dark brown, lower half light brown ; black median stripe on the metazona ; black 
spot on the corner of shoulder excision. Elytra dirty brown, with irregular whitish- 
brown round spots in a line along the middle ; a dark brown ring near the apical part 


36 T. KARABAG 


of fore and mid femora ; short transverse black stripes on the upper edge near base 
of hind femur ; outer surface of hind femur marbled. 

Q. Elytra reaching end of abdomen, or a little beyond it (in some specimens much 
longer) ; appendages of last tergite (Text-fig. 122) long. Hind femur stouter than 
in g ; ovipositor nearly as long as hind femur. 

Coloration as in g, but typical pattern of pronotum more distinct. 

Length of body, 3g, 38-2-42, 2, 37:2-44; pronotum, g, I0°5-II-9, 2, 10°g-I2°I ; 
elytra, g, 25°7-37°1, 2, 26-I-39°3; fore femur, g, II-5-12:1, 9, 11-3-12-2; hind 
femur, ¢, 37-40°1, 9, 38-I-41-2 ; ovipositor, 32-36 mm. 

Specimens examined ; S. Turkey, Adana, 1904, 1 g, 1 9 (Ramme det.) (Berlin 
Mus.) ; Mersin, 22.vil.1952, I g, 2 2; Hatay, Yayladagi, Yukaritingir Kéyi, 
28.vi.1952, I g, Tarsus, Acikova Kéyii, 25.vii.1952, 1 2 (O. K. Giilen) (Zoolog. 
Inst. Univ. of Ankara) ; Maras-Goksun, 18.vii.1951, 1 g, 1 2 (O K. Giilen), (Brit. 
Mus.) ; Mersin, 22.vii.1952, 1 g, 2 9 (O. K. Giilen) (Zoolog. Inst. Univ. of Ankara). 

Werner described this species from a single female from Afiun-Karahissar (= Afyon- 
karahisar) (leg. Forgetto), but the type is missing. He also recorded 1 2 from Latakia, 
N. Syria, which I have not seen. Ramme (1939, 1951) gave a description based on ¢ 
and 2 from Adana, which I have examined. My illustrations are of ¢ from Mersin 
and 2 from Adana. Until ¢ and 2 specimens from Afiun-Karahissar (= Adfyonkara- 
hisar) are studied, one cannot be quite certain whether my interpretation of the 
species is correct. 

Adelung (Hor. Soc. ent. Ross., 1907: 72) recorded 1 ¢ larva from Bortsch’cha 
(NE. Turkey) and 1 9 larva from Singot (Batum), but such records are obviously 
doubtful. 


5. Anadrymadusa retowskii (Adelung, 1907) 


1907. Paradrymadusa retowskii Adelung, Ann. Mus. Zool. St. Petersb. 12 : 403. 
1929. Drymadusa retowskii Miram, Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sci. U.R.S.S.: 461. 


¢. Fastigium of vertex a little narrower than first antennal segment, with fine 
median sulcus. Pronotum of the same width throughout ; posterior edge broadly 
rounded ; metazona flattened, first sulcus distinct, typical sulcus roundly curved a 
little behind middle of pronotum ; no median carina ; lateral carina distinct at the 
metazona ; transverse depression behind typical sulcus distinct ; shoulder excision 
shallow. 

Elytra reaching a little beyond second tergite Hind femur relatively short. 
Appendages of last tergite down-curved, apically spine-like, very acute; a wide 
depression in the middle of last tergite. Subgenital plate with a deep subacute 
excision. 

General coloration light brown (some specimens dirty brown) ; face uniformly 
whitish-brown, black band between eyes ; occiput very weakly marbled ; pronotum 
with typical pattern ; a longitudinal creamy spot on the posterior edge of lateral 
lobe and blackish spot over it ; elytra dark brown, with a series of round light spots, 
and a few small irregular spots ; hind femur marbled on the upper half, light brown 
in the lower half; apical part of appendages of last tergite reddish-brown. 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 37 


Q. Elytra as in Text-fig. 117. Ovipositor approximately as long as hind femur, 
regularly down-curved. 

Coloration as in g, but typical pattern of pronotum weaker in some specimens ; 
elytra with one or two small round light spots ; apical part of ovipositor edged with 
black. 

Length of body, 3 29.1-35°5, 2, 39-41; pronotum, g, 9:4-I0-1, 9, I0-2-II ; 
elytra, J, 8-4-9-1, 9, 7-°8-8-1; fore femur, 3, 8-1-8-9, 2, 9:1-9:4; hind femur, 4, 
25-26°3, 2, 28-g-29°1 ; ovipositor, 26—26-4 mm. 

Specimens examined: Crimea: Karadagh, 14.ix.1929, 2 g, 1 2 (S. Fedorov), 
23.Vvili.1923, I g, I 9 (V. Boldyrev) (Brit. Mus.). 

Adelung described this species from a single female from Aluschta (S. coast of 
Crimea). Miram (1929) gave description of 3. I include it in Anadrymadusa, although 
the female ventral plate is of unique structure, and a distinct genus may be required 
when the whole group is better known. 


6. Anadrymadusa adzharica (Uvarov, 1934) 


1934. Drymadusa adzharica Uvarov, Eos, 10: 48. 
1939. Drymadusa adzharica Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24 (1) : 66. 


36. Fastigium of vertex wider than first antennal segment, with distinct median 
sulcus. Pronotum flattened at metazona ; first sulcus of pronotum very distinct, 
typical sulcus curved, a parabola behind middle of pronotum, posterior edge of 
pronotum round ; median carina very weak at metazona; transverse depression 
behind typical sulcus very distinct ; lateral carina distinct on metazona ; shoulder 
excision shallow. Elytra extending to base of eighth tergite. Hind femur stout, 
but relatively short. Appendages of last tergite almost hook-like ; subgenital plate 
with a triangular emargination. 

General coloration pale greyish-buff ; face uniformly creamy-brown, black band 
between eyes ; pronotum with typical pattern ; upper part of pronotal lobes reddish- 
brown, lower part light ; corner of shoulder excision blackish-brown. Elytra inde- 
finitely marked with blackish-brown, brown and pale-buff, two oblong brown spots 
on a pale background in apical third of discoidal area. Hind femur with series of 
small brown dots along the middle of outer surface ; a series of transverse black- 
brown spots on the upper edge of base. 

Length of body 41; pronotum 12:5; elytra 24; fore femur 11; hind femur 
34°5 mm. 

Specimen examined: NE. Turkey: Lomasheni near Artvin, 28.vi.I9gII, I 3 
(J. Voronov) (British Museum). 

Uvarov described this species from a single male, and gave only measurements of 
female. Ramme (1939) described the female from Kvartschana (NE. Turkey: 
Tchorokh Province), 5.vii.1g1r (Berlin Mus.), which I could not examine, and 
Ramme’s data are used in my key. 


38 T. KARABAG 


7. Anadrymadusa ornatipennis (Ramme, 1926) 


1926. Pavadrymadusa ornatipennis Ramme, Deut. ent. Zeitschr. : 282. 
1939. Drymadusa ornatipennis Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24 (1) : 67. 


§. Pronotum long, cylindrical ; posterior edge broadly rounded; metazona 
flattened, median carina absent ; lateral carina weak, only at posterior end of meta- 
zona ; shoulder excision rather distinct. Elytra longer than pronotum, extending to 
middle of IV tergite. Appendages of last tergite crossed apically (possibly the effect 
of drying). Subgenital plate with round excision. 

Black band between eyes ; pronotum with weak typical pattern, dark yellowish- 
brown spots on the pronotal lobes, its posterior edge dirty yellow, a broad and weak 
darkish median line ; elytra dark brown, with a series of small round yellowish spots, 
and some irregular whitish spots near posterior edge; dark brown ring near the 
apices of femora and bases of tibiae ; spines of femora blackish-brown. 

2. Large. Pronotum stouter and wider, elytra longer than in g; lateral carina 
very weak, metazona not flattened. Legs stouter and longer, hind femur very strong. 

Pronotum uniformly light dirty brown, without typical pattern ; dark stripe on 
the outer surface of hind femur. 

Length of body, 3, 32°6, 2, 42°8; pronotum, g, g-I, 9, 12:1; elytra, g, 11-1, 9, 
12; hind femur, 4, 31, 2, 37:2; hind tibia, 3, 31, 9, 36°6 ; ovipositor, 28 mm. 

Specimens examined: Greek islands: Samos (Marathokanpos), 1 g, 1887 (v. 
Oertzen) (type) ; Nisyros (S. Sporaden), r 9 (v. Oertzen) (Berlin Mus.) ; Xantha, 
I 9 (British Mus.). . 

Ramme records (1926) from Symi (S. Sporaden), 1 g and Chios (Volissos), I 9. 

This species is described by Ramme from one male from Samos, one male (paratype) 
from Symi (S. Sporaden), one female from Chios (Volissos) and one female fromNisyros 
(S. Sporaden), but I am not sure that the two females which I studied belong to this 
species. Until a female from the type locality (Samos) is studied the problem remains 
open. Ramme (1939) recorded this species also from SW. Anatolia (Fethié = Makri), 
Gocek, 6. viii. 1930, 1 9 (R. Delmas) (Mus. Alexander Koenig in Bonn), but I have not 
seen this specimen and regard the record as improbable. 


8. Anadrymadusa albomaculata (Karabag, 1956) 
1956. Drymadusa albomaculata Karabag, Com. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ankara, (C), 5: 8. 


2. Fastigium of vertex wider than first antennal segment, with distinct median 
sulcus. Pronotum relatively small, its posterior edge almost straight, pro- and meso- 
zona slightly convex, metazona flat, first sulcus very distinct, typical sulcus roundly 
excised behind the middle of pronotum, median carina weak at the metazona, 
lateral carina distinct in metazona; transverse depression almost in the middle 
of metazona; shoulder excision distinct. Elytra much longer than pronotum, 
reaching the middle of V tergite, with a series of 3-4 round white spots. Ovipositor 
almost three times the length of pronotum, 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 39 


- General coloration brown, face reddish light brown; frons with a black band 
between eyes ; pronotum uniformly brown, a light long spot below shoulder excision 
edge ; femora with dark brown pre-apical rings. 

Length of body, 32-6; pronotum, 9:5 ; elytra, 13-4; hind femur, 33 ; hind tibia, 
32°3 ; Ovipositor, 27-8 mm. 

Specimen examined : SW. Turkey, Mugla: Fethiye, c. 300-600 m., 15. vii. 1953, 
I 9 (type) (K. Erel) (British Museum). 

I described this species from a single female, but the male of this distinct insect 
remains unknown. 


V. CERAEOCERCUS Uvarov, Ig10 


1910. Cevaeocercus Uvarov, Hor. Soc. ent. Ross. 39 : 381. 
1939. Cevaeocercus Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24 (1) : 61. 


Fastigium of vertex flattened above, almost as wide as first antennal segment, 
gradually narrowed at the front, with very fine median sulcus. 

Pronotum (Text-figs, 6, 6A), with flat metazona, its posterior edge almost straight, 
orf/very broadly rounded ; no median carina; lateral carina very distinct on the 
metazona ; shoulder excision distinct ; first sulcus distinct ; typical sulcus also 
distinct, but interrupted in the middle, each branch ending in a round pit ; a trans- 
verse depression behind typical sulcus. Elytra and wing much longer than half of 
abdomen. 

3. Last tergite (Text-figs. 131, 131A) very large, with very broad lobes, its middle 
parts with distinct depression. Cercus (Text-fig. 132) cylindrical, without enlarged 
basal articulation, strongly incurved at the middle, two-branched at the apical part, 
second branch is on the upper side, both ending in very acute spine. 

Face uniformly whitish, no continued black fascia between eyes ; only orbits of 
eyes and antennal sockets black, or blackish-brown ; front surface of fastigium of 
vertex and fastigium of frons same colour as the face. Elytra with blackish and 
creamy-buff irregular spots. 

Q. Ovipositor much longer than half of hind femur, regularly down-curved. 

DISTRIBUTION. Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Hindukush. 


KEY TO SUBSPECIES 


1 (2) Elytra and wing do not reach hind knee; wings black 
1. fuscipennis fuscipennis Uvarov 
2 (1) Elytra and wing extend beyond hind knee; wings brown with lighter fenestra- 
tion . ‘ : 2. fuscipennis hindukushanus Ramme 


1. Ceraeocercus fuscipennis fuscipennis Uvarov, 1910 
1910. Cevaeocercus fuscipennis Uvarov, Hor. Soc. ent. Ross. 39 : 382. 


6. Fastigium of vertex a little wider than first antennal segment. First sulcus of 
pronotum very distinct ; typical sulcus roundly curved a little behind middle of 
pronotum. Elytra reaching end of abdomen (in some specimens longer). Hind legs 


MUSE ;,; e 


40 T. KARABAG 


relatively short and slender. Subgenital plate with deep subacute excision, styli 
conical (Text-fig. 133). 

General coloration creamy-brown, orbits of eyes and antennal sockets blackish- 
brown; occiput blackish marbled; blackish-brown stripe behind eye; disc of 
pronotum with typical pattern and with two blackish parallel fine median lines ; 
typical sulcus and its pits are black; lower half of lateral lobes creamy-brown ; 
a creamy spot below the shoulder excision. 

Elytra blackish-brown, with buff-creamy markings; first and second femora 
uniformly light brown ; hind femur with brown marbled upper edge and a series of 
brown spots along the middle of outer surface ; lower surface of tarsus dark brown. 


Fics. 131-136. 131, Cevaeocercus fuscipennis fuscipennis Uv., $ last tergite; 131A, 
apical parts of appendages in profile ; 132, left cercus; 133, subgenital plate; 134, 9 
last tergite ; 135, left cercus; 136, VII sternite, subgenital plate and basis of ovipositor. 


Q. Appendages of last tergite (Text-fig. 134) broadly triangular, their apices 
pointed ; cercus (Text-fig. 135) long and conical, regularly incurved, not branched. 
Ovipositor longer than twice the length of pronotum (in some specimens much 
longer). 

Coloration as in ¢. 

Length of body, 3, 33-37'5, 2, 35-42 ; pronotum, J, 9-I—9°4, 9, 8-8—10-3 ; elytra, 
3d. 26°3-29°8, 9, 26-37°3; fore femur, 3, 9°3-I0-1, 9, 94-11; hind femur, J, 
26-30°7, 2, 27°I-34'9 } ovipositor, 22-283 mm. 


REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 41 


Specimens examined: U.S.S.R.: Kazakhstan, Gurief Reg., Lake Inder, 22.vi.1951, 
I ¢ (topotype) (U. A. Chetyrkina); N. slope of Saur Mts. 1,100—1,200 m., 31. viii— 
5.ix.1946, r g, I Q (Krijanovskyi) (Bei-Bienko det.) ; Barsa Kilmes, Aral Sea, 
2-12.vii.1928, 1 g (Nazarof) ; N. slopes of Dzhungar Alatau, E. Kazakhstan, 
1,800-2,000 m., 20 Km. Or. Tentek, vii.1947, 1 2 (Bei-Bienko) (Leningrad Mus.) ; 
Central Asia: Fergana, Vuadil, 28.iv.1913, 1 2 (Collect. ?) (British Museum) ; 
Krasnovodsk, Turkmenia, 21.vi.1932, I 2 (Coll. Zool. Inst.) ; Kara-Tau, 10. vi. 32, 
1 9 (Pravdin) ; Alexandrovski range, 25.vill.31, I g (Veltistshev) (Leningrad Mus.) ; 
Iran : Shakhrud, vi. 1914, 1 2 (Kinitshenko) (Uvarov det.) (British Mus.) ; N. Iran: 
Khorasan, I g, 1 2 (Predtetshenski) (Leningrad Mus.). 

This interesting species was described by Uvarov from the Lake Inder, but the 
species is widely distributed. Specimens from different localities differ, especially in 
the length of elytra and ovipositor, and pattern of head and pronotum. I regard all 
the specimens which I have examined as the same subspecies, but further studies of 
more abundant material are necessary. 


4 
2. Ceraeocercus fuscipennis hindukushanus Ramme, 1939 


1939. Ceraeocercus fuscipennis hindukushanus Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24 (1) : 61. 


g. More slender. Elytra very long and gradually narrowed; wings large, a 
little shorter than elytra. Legs relatively long and slender, hind femur very slender. 

Coloration brown with creamy-buff pattern ; metazona darker than pro- and meso- 
zona, with pale brown median stripe ; lower half of lateral pronotal lobes yellowish- 
brown, upper corner of shoulder excision with a blackish-brown spot, below it a light 
stripe on the posterior edge of the pronotal lobe ; elytra blackish-brown, with creamy 
markings; and a series of oval whitish spots along the middle ; femora greyish-brown. 

2. As in g. Ovipositor longer than 2} times length of pronotum, slightly 
decurved. 

Coloration as in g. 

Length of body, g, 40, 9, 36°5 ; pronotum, 3, 9:3, 2, 10°6; elytra, 3, 49, 2, 45:1 ; 
fore femur, ¢, 11-7, 9, 12; hind femur, 3, 34:9, 2, 37:3 ; ovipositor, 28-6 mm. 

Specimens examined : Kondar Gorge, Tadzhikistan, II.vil.37, I g, I 2 (Gussa- 
kovskii) (Leningrad Museum). 

This subspecies was described by Ramme from W. Hindukush, Andarab, Banu 
distr., 2,000-2,500 m., viii.1936, 1 9, and Q9 of f. longipennis from E.-Hindukush 
(Badachschan), Sebak.-Tal (Alpine zone), 2,800—3,000 m. 

Unfortunately I have not seen the type of this subspecies, which differs by the 
longer elytra, particularly in f. longipennis, and by brown wings with lighter 
fenestration. 


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THREE NEW SPECIES OF 
MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 


THERESA CLAY 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 2 
LONDON: 1961 


THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA 
(INSECTA) 


BY 


THERESA CLAY | 
\\ ' 


British Museum (Natural History) 


Pp. 43-58; Plates 1-3; 19 Text-figures 


KO ORD 

fa: “aN 
2 6 OCTI961 

4, a, 
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Yea, 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 2 
LONDON: 1961 


THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, 1s 
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments 
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Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become 
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This paper ts Vol. 11, No. 2 of the Entomological 
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THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA 
(INSECTA) 


By THERESA CLAY 


NEW SPECIES OF HOLOMENOPON EICHLER, 1941 
(MENOPONIDAE) 


THE genus Holomenopon is known only from the bird order Anseriformes, although 
it seems to be nearly related to Austromenopon found on the Charadriiformes. It 
differs from this latter genus by the presence of a fourth head sensillus (see Clay, 
1961), by the jagged edge of the prosternal plate (Text-fig. 3), and the tendency 
in the male to have more than one row of abdominal tergal setae. Both Holo- 
menopon and Austromenopon have only two short mesothoracic setae and the meso- 
thoracic plate is reduced to two irregular sclerites round these setae with an area 
of toothed integument posteriorly (Text-fig. 4). 

There are a number of forms of Holomenopon distinguishable from each other 
mainly by the tergal chaetotaxy of the males; however, it has not been found 
possible at the present time to resolve the nomenclature of most of these owing to 
the lack of an adequate series of authentic material from Anas crecca, the host of H. 
leucoxanthum (Burmeister, 1838) the earliest described form. The present new 
species is, however, quite distinct from any other known species of Holomenopon by 
its size, asymmetry of the male abdomen and the characters of the genital region of 
the female. 


Holomenopon goliath sp. n. 
Type host: Anseranas semipalmata (Latham). 


Mate. As shown in Text-figs. 1-7. Head with sensillit 1-4 present ; in other 
species of Holomenopon examined there is no sensillus 4 associated with the usual 
seta but there is a sensillus posterior to this seta lying in the centre of the head 
each side of the vertical mid line. The setae associated with sensillus 3 and 4 are 
surrounded by a line which perhaps represents the border of a less heavily sclerotized 
area. Lingual and sitaphore sclerites of the hypopharynx reduced ; pharyngeal 
crest not apparent ; antenna as in Text-fig. 2. Prosternal (Text-fig. 3) and meso- 
sternal (Text-fig. 4) plates as in the figures. Mesothorax well defined dorsally 
with anterior mesothoracic setae (see Clay, 1961) 4 in number, small and lying 

1 These circular clear areas of the head and those associated with the post-spiracular setae have 
previously been referred to as sensilli although their true function is unknown. It might be more 
satisfactory to use a neutral term such as “‘ leucodisc’’, but in order not to change the terminology of 


= taxonomically important ones of the head and abdomen the term sensilli will continue to be used 
or these. 


i 


THERESA CLAY 


2 ge a er OS . 
Paiakcs Faas Eat a a es 
‘ ma ey 
i x c Lm dears oo 
ris i} as RR ATR RS 
RSE 
: 1 
ce 


= 

= 3 
mw ~ J 
Poa 
ay 
Beak 
a 
_—) 


Y DIPPF NTH 
i eh ith nf Vy 


i a if gi j { 
he 
: \s 


! |? 
ait 
if AS 


A horizontal line across a seta indicates that it is 


Male. 
broken, a dotted line that it has been completed from another specimen. 


Fic. 1. Holomenopon goliath sp. n. 


THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 47 


close together. Abdominal sternite VIII (and possibly IX) show asymmetry 
(Text-fig. 5). Genitalia unlike any other in the genus, as shown in Text-figs. 6-7 ; 
it has not been possible to do more than indicate the general appearance of the 
sclerite of the genital sac (Text-fig. 7) as the shape of this structure alters according 
to the pressure on the walls of the sac. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Text-fig. 1, 
but there is some individual variation in number and arrangement of the setae. 


Fics. 2-4. Holomenopon goliath sp.n. Male. 2. Outline of antenna. 3. Prosternal plate. 
4. Mesosternal plate. 


Fic. 5. Holomenopon goliath sp.n. Terminal sterna of male abdomen. 


48 THERESA CLAY 


On segments I-II, the first seta is spine-like and the post-spiracular is the second 
seta each side; in the remainder of the segments the post-spiracular seta is the 
outer marginal seta each side. 

FEMALE. As shown in Pl. 1, fig. 1. General characters of head and thorax as in 
male. Abdominal tergites with marginal row of setae only, the shorter setae in 
this row are more spine-like than in the male; last tergum (fused IX—XI) without 
setae. Genital region as shown in Text-fig. 8; the internal forked structure is 
probably associated with the genital chamber. 


Fics. 6-7. Holomenopon goliath sp.n. Male genitalia. Genital sac is shown enlarged in fig. 7. 


THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 49 


Head 
Prothorax* 
Mesothorax* . 
Metathorax* . 
Abdomen 
Total . 
Genitalia 


Measurements in mm. 


(In Canada balsam) 


' =) 
Length Breadth 
0°43 0°83 
0-28 0-61 
: 0:09 0°52 
° 0-18 0-71 
1-64 0:99 
ac7L — 
FOG Gs — 


Female 


See 
Length Breadth 


0°40 O75 
— 0:60 

0:67 
1°52 I-00 
2°50 = 


* Length of thoracic segments taken along midline of terga, the condition of the female is too poor 
to enable these measurements to be taken. 


Material examined: 5 3 from Anseranas semipalmata from Townsville, Queens- 
land, Australia, collected by Mr. H. J. Lavery (Department of Agriculture and 
Stock, Queensland) 5.8.1958; 1 2 from Anseranas melanoleucus = A. semipalmata 
without further data, in the Harrison collection of the British Museum (Natural 


History). 


Holotype 3 from Anseranas semipalmata with the above data in the Queensland 
Museum, Brisbane; allotype 9, slide no. 656 in the British Museum (Natural 


History). 


Paratypes : 4 3 from the same host species with data as given above. 


Fic. 8. Holomenopon goliath sp. n. 


; HL 


es Se 


Terminal sterna of female abdomen. s.—enlarged view 
of setae round anal opening. 


50 THERESA CLAY 


A NEW SPECIES OF RHYNONIRMUS THOMPSON, 1935 
(PHILOPTERIDAE) 


The differences between the Otidoecus-complex (including Otidoecus, Rhynonirmus 
and Cuclotogaster) and the Degeeriella-complex have. been discussed elsewhere (Clay, 
1958 : 125), but whether it will be possible to retain the separation of Rhynonirmus, 
Cuclotogaster and Otidoecus seems doubtful. For the purpose of this paper, however, 
the species of this complex from the Charadriiformes will be referred to as Rhynonir- 
mus. A key to the genus to include the new species is given below (see also Timmer- 
mann, 1957 : 89). 


Rhynonirmus parsonsae sp. n. 


Type host : Philohela minor (Gmelin). 


Fics. 9-12. Rhynoniymus. 9-10. R. parsonsae sp.n. 9. Terminal sterna of male 
abdomen ; there is variation in number and position of setae. 10. Terminal sterna 
of female abdomen. 11-12. Distal end of “‘ penis”. 11. R. parsonsae sp.n. 12. R. 
infuscatus (Osborn). 


This species can be distinguished from infuscatus (Osborn) by the shape of the 
head in both sexes, in the male by the relatively longer first antennal segment and 
the characters of the genitalia, and in the female by the shape of the last segment of 
the abdomen. 

MALE. Shape of the head as in PI. 2, fig. 2, marginal carina thicker than that of 
infuscatus (Pl. 2, fig. 1) and the shape of its inner margin different. Chaetotaxy 
of head and general characters of antenna as in imfuscatus (Thompson, 1935 : 283), 


THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 51 


but the first antennal segment is longer; in both species the third segment may 
appear as shown in the figure by Terzi (Idzd., fig. 1b) or when mounted in a different 
position as in the figure of R. scolopacis (Ibid., fig. 2b) ; in both infuscatus and this 
species there is only one seta in the middle of the dorso-anterior margin of segment 4 
of the antenna, not three as shown in the figure. Thoraxasininfuscatus. Abdomen 
in general as in infuscatus but in parsonsae tergite II is usually completely separated 
medially, though an occasional specimen has a thin junction posteriorly, whereas 
in all specimens of imfuscatus examined tergite II is never completely separated into 
two plates ; in this species tergites V—VII are narrowed centrally to a greater extent 
than in infuscatus, and V in some specimens is interrupted medially. Genitalia 
(Pl. 2, fig. 6 ; Text-fig. 11) similar to those of infuscatus (Thompson, 1935, fig. 4a) but 
differing by the mesosome not showing a divided plate as in Pl. 2, fig. 3,m., by the 
inner arm of the mesosome being more strongly sclerotized and differently shaped 
(Pl. 2, figs. 3 & 6,a) and by the position of the setae on the “ penis’ (Text-figs. 
II-12) ; the two anterior setae may or may not be placed asymmetrically. 

FEMALE. General characters as shown in Pl. 2, fig. 5; marginal carina as in 
male. This species differs from R. infuscatus in having tergites II-V or VI deeply 
indented medially and VI or VII and sometimes VIII with a shallow notch; the term- 
inal segment (fused IX—XI) differs in shape from that of infuscatus (Pl. 2, figs. 4-5). 

CHAETOTAXY OF THORAX AND ABDOMEN. That of thorax as in imfuscatus (in 
Thompson, 1935) except for the posterior margin of the pterothorax where only 
that of the female is given and no mention made of variation. In both species the 
female setae are usually arranged (from the outside) 1 + 2 + 2 each side, but some 
specimens have I + 2+ 3 on one side and one specimen of parsonsae has the 
arrangement on one side 1 + 2+ 1+ 2+1, which is nearer that of the male. 
In the male the arrangement is 1+ 2+3-+1o0rr1+2+4+1. Abdominal 
chaetotaxy in both sexes similar to that of infuscatus but there are fewer sternal 
setae. Post-spiracular setae in both sexes of parsonsae are found on segments 
III-VIII, those of III-V being long and stout and having contiguous sensilli. 
Pleural setae in both sexes: II-III, 0; IV-V, 1; VI-VII, 2; VIII, 3; IX, 2 
and in the female: X,2. Tergocentral setae of male: II, 3-4 with two long anterior 
setae; III—-VIII, 4 with the occasional specimen having one segment with 5 ; 
IX, 2; X, 6 (3+ 3). Inthe female: II, 2-4 with two long anterior setae ; III- 
VIII, usually 4, but specimens have been seen with only 2 setae on III or IV, or 
3 on V, VI, or VIII, or 5 on VI or VIII; the anterior setae on the last tergum 
(fused IX—XI) may be absent or 1-3 in number; X, 4 (2+ 2). Sternal setae in 
both sexes: II, 2 or 3, rarely 4, with 2 anterior leucodiscs!; III—VI, usually 4, 
occasionally one segment may have 5 and there are 2 leucodiscs in the line of setae ; 
in the male: VII,4; VIII,2; female genital plate with 6. Ventral chaeto- 
taxy of the last segments as in Text-figs. gq-10. In the male of infuscatus, although 
any of the sternites III-VII may have only 4 setae, no single specimen has been seen 
with 4 setae on all segments (which is the rule in parsonsae); one has been seen with 
the following numbers: III-IV, 4; V-—VI,5; VII, 4; most specimens have two 
or more segments with 6 ; segments IV or V may have 7 setae. 


1 See footnote on p. 45. 


52 THERESA CLAY 


Measurements in mm. 
(In Canada balsam) 


Male Female* 
ek ee aman ete 
Length Breadth Length Breadth 
Head . ‘ ; ; 0+ 46 0+32 ; 0:51 0+38 
Prothorax . . ‘ —_ 0°22 , — 0°27 
Pterothorax . : : — 0:*29 f — 0:36 
Abdomen... , : 0+88 0*40 ‘ 1-06 0-50 
Total . ‘ ; : 1-69 — ‘ 1°87 — 
Genitaliaf . ; ‘ 0+30 — ; — — 
* Not in canada balsam. 
+ Different specimen. 
Breadth of head at temples Rt 
( ie fe 
Male Female Male 
 cmarmaramaite = ae os a REESE a, 
Range Mean Range Mean Range Mean 
R. infuscatus  . 030-033 0°31 (11) 0'34-0°37  0°35(I0) . 21°6-24°3 23-1 (20) 
R. parsonsae . 0*30-0'34 0°32 (15) 0+35-0°38 0°36 (8) . 25:0-29°:0 27:0 (14) 


Length 1st antennal segment x I00 
Head length 
Number of antennae in brackets. 


Rh 


It is not possible in treated specimens to get an accurate measurement of the length of the 
antennal segments. 


MATERIAL EXAMINED. 16 4, 28 9 from Philohela minor from Amherst, Massa- 
chusetts, U.S.A., collected by Miss Margaret A. Parsons, July, 1957 and 6 J, 31 9 
from the same host species from various localities in the U.S.A. 

Holotype 3 and allotype 9 in the Smithsonian Institution, United States National 
Museum, Washington, from Amherst, Massachusetts. 

Paratypes : 21 3, 58 2 from the same host species, data given above. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF Rhynonirmus 


I Anterior margin of head rounded laterally (Pl. II, figs. 1-2, 4-5, Pl. III, fig. 1) . 2 
_ Anterior margin of head angled laterally (Pl. III, fig. 2) . , ; ‘ ; 4 
2 (1) Anterior margin of head pointed medially (Pl. III, fig. 1) . helvolus (Burm., 1838) 


Anterior margin of head not pointed medially (Pl. II, fig. 1) 
3 (2) Shape of head, inner margin of marginal carina and terminal segments of 9 


abdomen as in Pl. II, figs. rand4 . : : . infuscatus (Osborn, 1896) 
- Shape of head, inner margin of marginal carina and terminal segments of ? 

abdomen as in PI. II, seca 2&5 , : ; ‘ ‘ . parsonsae sp. n. 
4 (1) Males ; , ; ‘ ‘ , ‘ ; ‘ ; 5 
- Females . ‘ ’ . y | 
5 (4) End of parameres reach to or r beyond middle pair of setae on ‘ ‘ penis ” 6 


End of parameres do not reach to middle pair of setae ; shape of mesosome and 
parameres as in Pl. III, fig.5 . ‘ é : . medius Timmerman, 1955 


THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 53 


6 (5) Shape of parameres and mesosome as in Pl. III, fig.3 . scolopacis (Denny, 1842) 
- Shape of parameres and mesosome as in Pl. III, fig.6 | stenurae Timmermann, 1955 
7 (4) Anterior margin of head usually straight (occasionally slightly indented), inner 


margin of marginal carina parallel with anterior margin of head; tergites 
V-VI usually with slight anterior notch, deeper slit occasionally on V 
medius Timmermann 
~ Anterior margin indented medially ; inner margin of marginal carina usually 
slightly convex ; tergites V, VI and sometimes VII with some anterior median 
division, V-VI usually with deep narrow slit : : ; scolopacis (Denny) 
stenurae* Timmermann 


* It has not been possible to use the character of the anterior margin of the head to separate all 
specimens of medius from scolopacis and stenurae. Females of scolopacis average somewhat larger than 
those of stenurae but there is some overlap. No males of the population from Capella delicata (described 
as R. magnocephalus (Carriker, 1902)) have been seen. 


NOTE ON HOST DISTRIBUTION OF RHYNONIRMUS. The occurrence of a species 
of Rhynonirmus, a genus otherwise restricted to the subfamily Scolopacinae, on 
Bartramia (subfamily Tringinae) may indicate affinities of this latter host to the 
Scolopacinae as suggested by Timmermann (1957: 89), or it may be a case of 
secondary infestation, stragglers from Philohela having become established on 
Bartramia with subsequent modification. This would be a case of the rather rare 
geographical distribution of Mallophaga in which hosts belonging to the same bird 
order in one geographical area are parasitised by the same or similar Mallophaga 
irrespective of the relationship of their hosts. An example of this is seen in the 
distribution of Aguanirmus on the grebes of Europe, Africa and N. America. 


A NEW SPECIES OF PECTINOPYGUS MJOBERG, IgIo 
(PHILOPTERIDA®E) 


Five species (listed below) of Pectinopygus have been described from Pelecanus. 
With the exception of Pelecanus conspicillatus (the host of P. australis Thompson) 
and Pelecanus philippensis, specimens have been seen from all the species of Pelecanus 
listed in Peters, 1931 (Check-list of Birds of the World). Each of these has a specific 
Pectinopygus with the exception of P. roseus, on which the population of the parasite 
appears to be conspecific with that on P. onocrotalus. The males are most easily 
distinguished from each other by the characters of the genitalia and the terminal 
segments of the abdomen, figures showing the characters of this latter part of the 
abdomen are included (with the exception of that of Pectinopygus australis) for 
comparison with the new species. P. tordoffi (Text-fig. 19) differs from the males of 
all other species examined in the lateral margin of the last segment not being pro- 
duced forward each side as a projecting curved heavily sclerotized hook, one of the 
characters used to separate the subgenus Epipelecanus Harrison, 1935. 


54 THERESA CLAY 


Pectinopygus forcipatus sp. n. 
Type host: Pelecanus rufescens Gmelin. 
The male of this species is most similar to P. forficulatus from which it is dis- 


tinguished by the shape of the head, the terminal segments of the abdomen and the 
genitalia. The available females are in too poor condition for description. 


Fics. 13-15. Pectinopygus forcipatus sp. n. Male. 13-14. Terminal segments of 
abdomen. 13. Dorsal. m.—dorsal margin of genital opening hidden in the figure by 
the margins of the anal opening. 14. Ventral. 15. Genitalia. 


THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 55 


Mate. General appearance as in Pl. I, fig. 2. Antenna as shown in Thompson, 
1948, fig. 6. Details of head and thorax as in other species from Pelecanus (see 
Elbel & Emerson, 1956) ; postero-dorsal margin of prothorax with one short and 
one long lateral seta each side; on each side of the postero-dorsal margin of the 
pterothorax there is an outer small spine-like seta, a long seta near this, a shorter seta 
and three long stout and one shorter slightly anterior setae grouped together in an 
unpigmented area. This arrangement is found in ro of the 14 individuals examined ; 
in addition one specimen has one of the long setae in the group absent on one side 
and three have an extra shorter seta in the group on one side only. Outline of 
thoracic sternal plates not definable in the available material ; sternal setae as in 
P. tordofi. Abdomen with tergites II-VIII separated medially ; posterior terga 
fused into one transverse plate (Text-fig. 13). Sternites II-VII in the form of 
central plates, those on segments III—VII being more heavily sclerotized laterally, 
giving the appearance of two plates on each segment ; posterior sternites fused to 
form a subgenital plate, this plate in all species is irregular and somewhat variable 


Fic. 16. Pectinopygus forficulatus (Nitzsch). Terminal sterna of male abdomen. 


THERESA CLAY 


56 


17 


oes 
Ca en 


wz 


18 


17. Pectinopygus bifasciatus (Piaget). 
Paratype. 


18. P. occidentalis Thompson. 


Terminal sterna of male abdomen. 
Lectotype. 


Fics. 17-18. 


THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 57 


in outline. Sterna of posterior segments as in Text-fig. 14, narrow sclerite lying 
vertically along each dorsal margin of the genital opening well marked (Text-fig. 
13, m). Genitalia as in Text-fig. 15. 

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. On II-VIII with the exception of VI, there is a 
single marginal seta lying posterior to the spiracle which is probably the post- 
spiracular seta, but apparently without associated sensilli on any of the segments. 
Tergocentral setae: II-VIII, 4, the two most central setae are placed a little 
anteriorly to the outer two ; segment II with two anterior central setae in addition. 
Pleural setae: II, 1-2; III-V, 2; VI-VIII, 4-5. Sternocentral setae: II, 3-5; 
III, 8-11; IV-V, 8-12; VI, 8-10; VII, 5-9; VIII, 2-3. 


Measurements of male in mm. 
(In Canada balsam) 


Breadth 
Length i Aa = 
Range Mean 
Head : : ; ‘ 0°65 : 0°53 0+52-0°56 0°54 (13) 
Prothorax . : : : _— : 0°42 — — 
Pterothorax ; : , — : 0°53 — ae 
Abdomen . : ‘ ; 2°11 : 0:63 — — 
Total ‘ ; ; ‘ 3°34 ; — — — 
Genitalia* . ; : 2 0:90 ‘ — — — 
* Different specimen. 
———— ———— ——— 
ae 


ee er) 
= eee, 


Fic. 19. Pectinopygus tordoffi Elbel & Emerson. Terminal sterna of male abdomen. 


58 THERESA CLAY 


Material examined: 24 ¢ from Pelecanus rufescens from Kenya, Sudan, North 
Cameroons and Portuguese Guinea. I am indebted to Dr. J. Mouchet and Dr. J. 
Tendeiro for the opportunity to examine the specimens from the last two localities. 

Holotype male in the British Museum (Natural History), slide no. 657, from 
Pelecanus rufescens Gmelin from Marou, N. Cameroons, 1959, collected by Dr. J. 
Mouchet. Paratypes: 23 ¢ from the same host species, data as given above. 

Lectotype of Pectinopygus bifasciatus (Piaget, 1880): Male in the Piaget collec- 
tion, British Museum (Natural History), slide no. 798. Paratypes: 3 males. 


LIST OF SPECIES OF PECTINOPYGUS FROM’ PELECANUS 


Species . Type host 
P. forficulatus (Nitzsch, 1866). Pelecanus onocrotalus Linn. 
(Also on P. roseus Gmelin). 
P. bifasciatus (Piaget, 1880). Pelecanus crispus Bruch. 
P. occidentalis Thompson, 1948. Pelecanus o. occidentalis Linn. 
P. australis Thompson, 1948. Pelecanus c. conspicillatus Temminck. 
P. tordoffi Elbel & Emerson, 1956 Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin. 
(= P. canadensis Carriker, 1956). 
P. forcipatus sp. n. Pelecanus rufescens Gmelin. 
REFERENCES 


Cray, T. 1958. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Entom., 7: 123-207. 
1961. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 3 (1960) : 571-576. 

ELBEL & EMERSON. 1956. Ent. News, 57: 173. 

Tuompson, G. B. 1935. Parasitology, 27 : 281-287. 

1948.. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 14 (1947) : 317-327. 
TIMMERMANN, G. 1957. Parasitologisches Schriftenrethe, Jena, 8 : 1-204. 


ADDENDUM TO THE CHECK LIST OF MALLOPHAGA 
HOPKINS & CLAY, 1952 
Philopterus maruhashi Uchida, 1949 was referred with doubt to the genus Cras- 
pedorrhynchus, now through the kindness of Dr. J. E. Scanlon it has been possible 
to examine a paratype which shows that the species is a Cuculoecus. 


PLATE 1 


Fic. 1. Holomenopon goliath sp.n. Female allotype. (B. M. Neg. 27447) 
Fic. 2. Pectinopygus forcipatus sp.n. Male holotype. (B. M. Neg. 27446) 


PE ALK, 3 
Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 11, 2 


bait) ein 
® 


<td 


VY | 


PAE, 22 


Fic.1. Rhynonirmus infuscatus (Osborn). Male. 
Neg. 27448) 


Fic. 2. Rhynonirmus parsonsae sp. n. Male holotype. 
(B. M. Neg. 27451). 


Fic. 3. Rhynonirmus infuscatus (Osborn), $ genitalia. (B. M. Neg. 27442) 
Fic. 4. Rhynonirmus infuscatus (Osborn), Female. 
Neg. 27452) . 


Fic. 5. Rhynonirmus parsonsae sp.n. Female allotype. (Breadth at temples : 
(B. M. Neg. 27449) 


Fic. 6. Rhynonirmus parsonsae sp.n. Male genitalia. (B. M. Neg. 27444) 


Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5 at same magnification ; figs. 3 and 6 at same magnification. 


(Breadth at temples: 0-31 mm.) (B. M, 


(Breadth at temples: 0-32 mm.) 


(Breadth at temples: 0-35 mm.) (B. M. 


0-38 mm.) 


Bull. B.M.(N.H.) Entom. 11, 2 PIZGA TE <2 


FIG. 
Fic. 
Fic. 
Fre: 


Fic. 


I 


Soo ete: ay 


‘) 


PLATE 3 


Rhynonirmus helvolus (Burmeister). Male. (B. M. Neg. 27450.) 

Rhynonirmus scolopacis (Denny). Male. (B. M. Neg. 27453) 

Rhynonirmus scolopacis (Denny). Male genitalia. (B. M. Neg. 27443) 
Rhynonirmus helvolus (Burmeister). Male genitalia. (B. M. Neg. 27440) 
Rhynonirmus medius Timmermann. Male genitalia, p.—end of paramere. (B. M 


Neg. 27436) 
Fic. 6. 
Figs. 1-2 at same magnification ; Figs. 3-6 at same magnification. 


Rhynonirmus stenurae Timmermann. Male genitalia. (B. M. Neg. 27441) 


Photographs by J. V. Brown 
British Museum (Natural History) 


Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 11, 2 PLATE. 3 


wear 


By hacen 
ery 


Wyss Ol 


PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY 


ADLARD AND SON, 


LIMITED 


BARTHOLOMEW PRESS, DORKING 


nt cer 


THE MONOCHAMINI 
(CERAMBYCIDAE) OF THE 
ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION. 
Il. SUBTRIBE MONOCHAMIDI. 
GENERA RELATED TO 
MONOCHAMUS 


LAWRENCE S. DILLON 
AND 


ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 3 
LONDON: 1961 


wor ale 
an 


Lh ad 
Odden 


THE MONOCHAMINI (CERAMBYCIDAE) OF THE 
ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION. 
Il. SUBTRIBE MONOCHAMIDI. 
GENERA RELATED TO MONOCHAMUS 


BY 


LAWRENCE S. DILLON and ELIZABETH S. DILLON 
Yul Ss 


Pp. 59-96 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 3 
LONDON : 1961 


THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is 

- issued in five series, corresponding to the Departments 
of the Museum, and an Historical series. 

Paris will appear at irregular intervals as they become 
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four 
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed 
within one calendar year. 


This paper is Vol. 11, No. 3 of the Entomological 
series. 


© Trustees of the British Museum, 1961 


PRINTED ‘BY “ORDER ‘OF THE TRUSTEES OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM 


Issued October, rg6I Price Ten Shillings 


THE MONOCHAMINI (CERAMBYCIDAE) OF THE 
EB PHIOPEAN “FAUNISTIC. REGION: 
II. SUBTRIBE MONOCHAMIDI. 
GENERA RELATED TO MONOCHAMUS 


By LAWRENCE S. DILLON & ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


ALTHOUGH the genus Monochamus is represented by several species in North 
Africa, it became apparent during the course of these studies that none of the 
numerous Ethiopian species assigned to this genus by other workers truly pertained 
to it. As a superficial study of Indo-Australian representatives showed a comparable 
situation, it is not unlikely that the genus will be found to be entirely confined to 
the Holarctic Region. 

The genus Monochamus in the restricted sense should include those species in 
which the eyes are approximate above, the lower ocular lobe elongate, narrow, and 
vertical, usually shorter than the gena in height and never distinctly exceeding it 
in this respect ; the front subquadrate, sometimes slightly narrowed above, the 
antennal tubercles contiguous at base, divergent apically ; pronotal disk at most 
bearing a low median tumescence, not tuberculate, lateral tubercles situated at the 
middle, armed with a short upturned spine ; elytra sparsely granulate basally, 
especially near humerus, feebly tumescent at middle of base, never crested, humeral 
angle rounded, unarmed with tubercles or spines, elytral apices rounded, uniden- 
tate, or singly spined ; forelegs slightly longer than hind ones in male, subequal in 
female ; antennae longer than body in both sexes, especially in male, the scape 
subcylindrical, not or only feebly flared at apex, the cicatrix closed, extending 
more than half-way around the apical margin. 

From this set of characters, the Ethiopian forms differ consistently, especially in 
the size and shape of the lower ocular lobe, in pronotal sculpturing, and, frequently, 
in the armature of the elytral base and humeral angle, not to mention differences in 
antennal formulae and leg ratios. 

For making available to them the valuable collections of the British Museum 
(Natural History) [BM], upon which this portion of the study is principally based, 
the authors are indebted to J. Balfour-Browne, as well as for numerous other 
favours. In addition to this material, collections of a number of other institutions 
and individuals have been drawn upon, for a list of which, with abbreviations 
employed, reference should be made to part I of this series of studies.* 


1 Published 1959 as Scientific Publication of the Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery, number 9. 
ENTOM. IT, 3. 48 


62 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


ETHIOPIOCHAMUS gen. n. 


Moderately large to large, cylindrical beetles. Head of moderate length ; front 
not retracted, slightly transverse, feebly narrowed between eyes ; eye with lower 
lobe broad, one and one-half to two times as tall as gena, isthmus at least half as 
wide as upper lobe, upper lobes separated by at most a distance equal to one of their 
widths ; antennal tubercles subapproximate at base, strongly divergent, prominent. 
Pronotum feebly narrower apically, sides nearly straight, feebly wider at base than 
long ; lateral tubercles median, moderately prominent, with a short tooth; disk 
with three to five tubercles, with a broad anterior median impression, punctate ; 
a single transverse sulcus at base and at apex, distinct. Scutellum wider than long, 
apex rounded. Elytra granulate-punctate near base, more or less seriately punctate ; 
basal gibbosity subprominent, without a crest ; humeri rounded ; apices truncate ; 
sides gradually narrowed apically, more strongly so near extreme apex. Prosternum 
simple, one-fifth to two-fifths as broad as a procoxal cavity ; mesosternal process 
one-third to one-half as broad as a mesocoxal cavity, unarmed, subtruncate at apex. 
Legs moderate in length, front ones longest in males; metafemora attaining base 
of fifth sternite, all femora subcylindrical, thicker medially ; tibiae subequal to 
femora in length, unarmed ; protarsi slightly dilated and feebly fringed in male. 
Antennae one and two-thirds to two times as long as body, about one and one-third 
to one and one-half times body length in female, beneath fimbriate at least to fourth 
segment ; scape robust, gradually clavated, flared at extreme apex, extending 
usually at most to apical third of pronotum, cicatrix rather narrow, expanded lat- 
erally, extending nearly two-thirds around apical margin; third segment robust 
and feebly bisinuate in the ruspator group, swollen and arcuate in the centralis group, 
three-fourths to once again as long as scape; fourth swollen in centralis group, 
slightly shorter than third ; fifth at least equal to first ; rest gradually shorter. 

Type species : Lamia nubifer Gyllenhal. 

REMARKS. This genus is distinguished by the shape of front, the large eyes, the 
pronotal sculpturing, the elytra with granulate-punctures basally, the discal punc- 
tures more or less seriate, by the shape of the scape, and by the antennal formula. 


KEY TO SPECIES 


1. Elytra just behind middle with a common, dark fascia : ; ‘ , ‘ 2 
Elytra without a post-median, common, dark fascia . : 4 
2. Elytra broadly dark at base, with a broad, common, pale fascia extending across or 
nearly across their entire width! . : 3 
Elytra largely dark on entire basal half, with a small, pale, common macula at basal 
third . : ‘ : E : é .  wruspator 
3. Elytral dark basal area broader toward suture : : , nubifer 
Elytral dark basal area with its posterior margin straight, not widened at suture 
griseoplagiatus 
4. Elytra covered with pale ashy pubescence . ‘ ‘ : : ; ; ; 5 
Elytra covered with greyish brown pubescence . ; ‘ : : , ; 7 


1 ochraceomaculatus Breuning, unseen during the course of this study, will possibly key out here. 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 63 


5. Elytra with a distinct, whitish macula toward sides behind middle : . murinus 

Elytra with a distinct, dark, transverse macula toward sides behind middle . : 6 
6. Elytra ashy pubescent, variegated with brownish (in addition to the interspersed 
maculae), post-median dark macula usually more distinct and densely pubescent ; 

body form robust ; male with third antennal segment more tumid . . ruficornis 
Elytra with ashy pubescence not varied with brownish, post-median dark macula 
more poorly defined, nearly glabrous; body form slender; male with third 


antennal segment feebly tumid . : .  irrorator 
7. Abdomen with dark maculae on sides of first three or four sternites : .  centralis 
Abdomen without lateral dark maculae . ‘ 8 

8. Elytra with dark maculae only at extreme basal margin and several small ones just 
behind middle. ‘ : : . plumbeus 

Elytra with dark basal and post-median maculae as well a as scattered small ones, 
especially at basal third : 9 

9. Elytra each with dark area broad, extending to basal sixth ; antennae and legs 
piceous , , . tropicalis 
Elytra with dark basal macula confined to declivous portion 1 near scutellum . scabiosus 


Ethiopiochamus griseoplagiatus griseoplagiatus Thomson (comb. nov.) 


Monochamus griseoplagiatus Thomson, Arch. Ent. 2, 1858 : 166, pl. 5, f. 3. Olivier, Journ. Sc. 
Math. Nat. Lisboa, 10, 1884: 11. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 422. 


MALE. Head and pronotum piceous, greyish brown pubescent. Scutellum bright 
fulvous pubescent, medially darker. Elytra densely dark brown pubescent, a com- 
mon, triangular, whitish fascia behind basal fifth, extending to side margins and 
nearly to middle of suture, at apical quarter a similar smaller fascia, irregular, 
extended anteriorly along suture, much interrupted; lateral margin with a few 
whitish, scattered maculae. Body beneath, legs, and antennae reddish brown, 
rather finely clothed with yellowish brown pubescence ; antennae beginning with 
fourth segment greyish annulate basally. 

Head above minutely alutaceous, vertex with a few rather coarse punctures ; 
front subquadrate, widened to epistoma, impunctate ; eye with lower lobe one-half 
again as tall as gena, broadly oblong. Pronotum feebly wider at base than long ; 
apical and basal sulci narrow, the former sharply recurved at middle ; lateral tuber- 
cles broad, well elevated, ending in a short, obtuse spine ; disk with three tubercles, 
the median one placed closer to the base and much larger, surface rather sparsely, 
moderately punctate. Elytra with basal fifth sparsely, rather coarsely granulate, 
thence finely punctate to apex, the punctures nearly obsolete before apex ; apices 
broadly subtruncate ; humeri simply rounded. Antennae twice as long as body, 
heavily fimbriate beneath to fourth segment, thence sparsely so to apex; scape 
robust, coarsely, rugosely punctate, slightly surpassing apex of pronotum ; third 
segment nearly straight, more than twice as long as first ; fourth more than one- 
half and fifth one-half again as long as first ; rest gradually shorter, except eleventh 
which is slightly elongate. 

FEMALE. As in male but more robust ; antennae one-fourth again as long as 
body, densely fimbriate to fifth segment ; third segment less than twice as long as 
first ; fourth one-third longer than first and fifth equal to first. 


64 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


Length 21-28-5 mm. ; width 6-8-4 mm. 

Type locality : Gabon. 

DISTRIBUTION : Central Africa, from Belgian Congo to the Cameroons. 

Gabon : 1; no further data [ANSP]. 

Belgian Congo: 1; Stanleyville [ZSM]. 

Central Africa: 1; no further data [SM]. 

REMARKS. This species resembles FE. ruspator somewhat, but here the front is 
impunctate, and the pronotal disk is distincly tuberculate. 


Ethiopiochamus griseoplagiatus leonensis subsp. n. 


FEMALE. Same as the nymotype but the markings on the elytra are either whitish 
or yellowish ; on the same organs there is a small fascia at middle, not attaining 
suture, and the basal macula extends from the humerus. 

Length 25 mm. ; width 7 mm. 

Holotype : 2 ; SIERRA LEONE: Freetown, 1889 (Mocquerys) [ANSP]. 

Paratypes : 9; GoLD Coast [EFG]. @; no locality data [EFG}. 


Ethiopiochamus murinus Gahan (comb. nov.) 


Monochamus murinus Gahan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 2, 1888 : 394. 
Monochamus murinus Gahan. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 417. 


Mate. Piceous. Head and pronotum densely cinereous pubescent, sometimes with 
a yellowish tinge ; the former with an irregular, brownish area on vertex. Elytra 
rather thinly cinereous pubescent, with scattered glabrous areas which sometimes 
are quite large, the pubescence condensed to form an irregular, rather narrow, 
transverse fascia at basal third and another much broader behind middle ; at base 
of each elytron with a small, transverse, dark brown macula from middle to scutel- 
lum. Scutellum entirely, but not very densely, cinereous pubescent. Beneath 
piceous, rather densely cinereous pubescent. Pro-, meso- and meta-sterna indistinctly 
brownish laterally ; the first four abdominal sternites each with a small, indistinct, 
brown macula laterally, largest on first sternite and decreasing in size on following 
segments. Legs piceous, cinereous pubescent. Antennae with scape piceous, re- 
maining segments paler, thinly cinereous pubescent, dorsal pubescence tinged with 
brownish on third and fourth segments. 

Head above minutely alutaceous, with a few coarse punctures in median longitu- 
dinal sulcus ; front slightly narrowed above lower margin of eyes, minutely aluta- 
ceous and with scattered coarse punctures, these also margin the lower lobe of eye ; 
eye with lower lobe nearly rounded, more than one-half again as tall as gena. Pro- 
notum slightly narrower apically than at base, one-sixth again as wide at base as 
long ; lateral tubercles placed slightly behind middle, well elevated, and terminating 
in a short, blunt tooth ; apical sulcus broad, deep, recurved and widened at middle, 
basal sulcus narrow, moderately deep ; disk with three tubercles, basal one least 
prominent, but all well elevated, entirely coarsely, somewhat densely punctate as 
are the bases of the lateral tubercles. Elytra granulate-punctate on basal quarter, 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 65 


the granules somewhat coalesced on humeri, thence to beyond middle coarsely, 
densely punctate, thence to apex (except laterally) punctures suddenly finer ; apices 
broadly obliquely truncate. Antennae one and one-half times as long as body, very 
sparsely fimbriate on first four segments ; scape robust, scarcely clavate, minutely 
punctulate and with coarse, shallow punctures, extending nearly to apical third of 
pronotum ; third segment feebly arcuate, nearly uniformly swollen except at 
extreme base ; fourth swollen, slightly tapering apically, one-fifth shorter than third ; 
fifth much shorter than fourth, rest very gradually diminishing in length ; eleventh 
slightly longer than tenth. Femora indistinctly punctate. 

FEMALE. More robust than male ; antennae defective, third and fourth segments 
robust, but not tumid; scutellum tinged with yellowish. 

Length 22-26 mm. ; width 7-5-8 mm. 

Type locality : Senegal. 

DISTRIBUTION : West Africa. 

Sierra Leone: 1; no further locality data, Sept. 9 (Kroatz) [DEI]. 

Africa: 1; no further data [SM]. 

REMARKS. Easily recognized by the ashy pubescence which covers the entire 
body except the elytra, on which organs it is broken into irregular maculae. 


Ethiopiochamus irrorator irrorator Chevrolat (comb. nov.) 


Monohammus irrorator Chevrolat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 7, 1855: 517; Cent. Long., 1858, No. 37. 
Murray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist (4) 6, 1870: 479. 

Monochamus irrorator Chevrolat. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 417. 

? Monohammus sparsutor Chevrolat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 7, 1855: 518; Cent. Long., 1858, No. 38. 
Murray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 6, 1870: 475. 


Mate. Dark reddish brown, elytra slightly paler ; finely, not densely, grey pubes- 
cent. Head with a dark brown, triangular macula each side of middle. Pronotum and 
elytra irrorate with small, brownish, rounded maculae, on elytra denser and tending 
to become confluent at basal third, behind middle, and apical quarter. Scutellum 
medially with a large dark macula. Body beneath rather sparsely, finely, grey 
pubescent, distinctly sparser than on body above. Antennae and legs dark reddish 
brown ; antennae from third segment, tibiae, and tarsi paler ; entirely sparsely 
finely grey pubescent, apices of antennal segments from fourth darker pubescent. 

Head above finely alutaceous, medially with a few coarse punctures ; genae and 
front with scattered, coarse punctures, the latter quadrate, slightly narrowed be- 
tween eyes ; lower ocular lobe quadrate, twice as tall as gena. Pronotum feebly 
wider at base than long ; lateral tubercles placed at middle, broad basally, ending 
in a short, obtuse tooth ; basal and apical transverse sulci moderately deep, narrow, 
the latter recurved at middle ; disk with five tubercles, the lateral basal ones very 
small, median one larger than the apical ones, with scattered, coarse punctures. 
Elytra on basal quarter with rather sparse, fine granules, thence punctures simple, 
seriate, the lateral ones coarse, more distinctly seriate ; apices obliquely subtrun- 
cate. Antennae with middle of sixth segment attaining elytral apex, moderately 
fimbriate beneath on first four segments ; scape slightly surpassing apex of prono- 


66 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


tum, robust, gradually clavate, finely punctate, with a few coarse, shallow punctures 
interspersed ; third segment subarcuate, feebly swollen, more than twice as long 
as first ; fourth feebly swollen, one-fifth shorter than third ; rest gradually shorter ; 
eleventh wanting, probably elongate. 

FEMALE. More robust; pronotum more strongly transverse; antennae only 
slightly longer than body, the apex of the eighth segment attaining elytral apex. 

Length 15-18 mm. ; width 4-7-5-8 mm. 

Type locality : Old Calabar (trrorator ; sparsutor). 

DISTRIBUTION. West Central Africa. 

Nigeria : 3 ; Old Calabar [BM]. 

Cameroons: 1; no further data [DEI]. 1; d’Ja Posten, May-July, 1936 

(Merfield) [BM]. 

REMARKS. This species differs from centralis and its allies, first of all, in having 
the elytra irrorate with dark maculae, forming indistinct broken bands in places 
without a distinct, large, post-median spot. In the male the third and fourth antennal 
segments are not very swollen. Its body surface is red-brown, not fuscous or piceous, 
as are the antennae and tibiae and tarsi. 

M. sparsutor is a possible synonym of the present form, but differs, according to 
the original description, in lacking the transverse macular bands on elytra, and in 
having the antennae “ brown-black ”’. 


Ethiopiochamus irrorator cinerescens Jordan (stat. nov.) 


Monohammus cinerescens Jordan, Nov. Zool. 1, 1894 : 193. 
Monochamus irrovator Jordan. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944: 417 [ex parte]. 


Differs from the nymotype in having the body colour black or piceous, as are the 
femora and scape. The bands on the elytra formed by the coalescence of the blackish 
small maculae tend to be more distinct. 

Length 15-5-20:6 mm. ; width 4:6-5-9 mm. 

Type locality : Kuilu (Middle Congo). 

DISTRIBUTION. French Equatorial Africa. 

W. Africa: 1; no further data [BM]. 

Cameroons: 1; no locality data [NRS]. 3; Efulen, Dec., 1911 [CM]. 3; Edea, 

May-—Dec. (Weber ; Reis) [CM]. 

Gabon : 2; Ogowe River [CM]. 


Ethiopiochamus scabiosus Quedenfeldt (comb. nov.) 


Monohammus scabiosus Quedenfeldt, Berl. ent. Z. 26, 1882: 338. Breuning, Nov. Ent. 
suppl. 3 (2), 1944: 418. 


MALE. Piceous, elytra sometimes reddish brown. Head and pronotum grey pubes- 
cent ; former with a dark vitta each side of middle, tapering anteriorly, and with 
scattered, fuscous maculae ; pronotum with a small, elongate macula on median 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 67 


discal tubercle and with scattered flecks especially apically, fuscous. Scutellum grey 
pubescent, with an oval brownish macula at apex. Elytra with grey and brown 
variegated pubescence, one or the other predominating, and with fuscous markings 
as follows: a more or less indistinct, transverse macula at scutellum, reaching just 
half across base, just behind middle a transverse macula attaining neither lateral 
nor sutural margin, rest of disk with scattered maculae, sometimes condensed on 
basal third and apical quarter, and below humerus a small macula. Body beneath 
piceous or dark reddish brown, second to fifth abdominal sternites paler, finely, 
rather densely grey pubescent. Legs and antennae piceous or dark reddish brown ; 
antennae from third segment reddish to yellowish brown, sparsely tawny pubescent, 
bases of segments more greyish pubescent ; legs sparsely grey pubescent, tibiae and 
tarsi with surface reddish or yellowish brown. 

Head above with a few moderately coarse punctures in a series each side of median 
line ; front scarcely transverse, feebly narrowed between eyes, with coarse, scattered 
punctures ; eyes with lower lobe subquadrate, not quite twice as tall as gena. 
Pronotum slightly wider at base than long ; lateral tubercles placed slightly behind 
middle, broad, ending in a short, obtuse spine ; apical and basal sulci narrow, deep 
medially, the former recurved at middle; disk moderately, not densely punctate, 
punctures apical to anterior sulcus larger, with five tubercles, the anterior two largest, 
the lateral basal ones smallest. Elytra on basal quarter granulate-punctate, punctures 
thence simple, seriate, those toward sides coarser and more regularly seriate ; apices 
broadly truncate. Antennae nearly twice length of body, rather sparsely fringed 
beneath to the end of fourth segment ; scape attaining apical third of pronotum, 
robust, only feebly clavate ; third segment feebly arcuate, nearly uniformly swollen 
throughout its length, twice as long as scape ; fourth slightly tumid, about one-half 
longer than first ; rest gradually shorter, except eleventh, which is nearly as long as 
third. 

FEMALE. Usually more brown pubescent ; pronotum more strongly transverse ; 
scutellar macula larger ; antennae with middle of ninth segment attaining elytral 
apex, third segment not swollen ; segments from fourth more distinctly annulate 
at base. 

Length 14—20-6 mm. ; width 4:3-6-9 mm. 

Type locality : Angola. 

DISTRIBUTION. West and Central Africa. 

Uganda: 2; Entebbe [EFG]. 

Angola: 3; no further data [BM]. 

Belgian Congo: 5 ; Stanleyville (Ertl) [ZSM-4 ; NRS-1]. 2; Banana (Hesse III) 

[SM]. 1; Kasai, Kondué (E. Luja) [NRS]. 1; Eala [NRS]}. 

French Congo: 1 ; Mongoumba, Feb. 5, 1930 [SM]. 

Gabon: 1; Lambaréné [CM]. 1; no further data [NRS]. 

Gold Coast : 1; no further data [SM]. 

REMARKS. More largely grey pubescent and variegated broadly on its elytra with 
brown ; legs and antennae pale reddish or yellowish as follows: the former from 
the tibae, the latter from the middle of third segment ; elytra with basal macula 
small, indistinct, near scutellum only. 


68 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


The Eala specimen has only a few fine maculae in place of the large post-median 
spot on elytra (dissolutus). 

The two specimens from Uganda in E. F. Gilmour’s collection have the post- 
median elytral macula considerably smaller than in other examples and may even- 
tually prove to represent a distinct subspecies. 


Ethiopiochamus ruficornis Hintz (comb. nov.) 


Monohammus ruficornis Hintz, Dtsch. ent. Z. 1913 : 198. 
Monochamus plumbeus Gahan. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 418 [misdet.]. 


MALE. Piceous to black, elytra sometimes a little paler, rather densely covered 
with dingy grey pubescence. Head above with an elongate, triangular, fuscous 
macula either side of middle, becoming brownish anteriorly. Pronotum and elytra 
irrorate with small, fulvous, dark brown or fuscous maculae; elytra with several 
larger maculae, including an irregular, subquadrate macula or band just behind 
middle, and a few, often forming an indistinct band, at basal third; at base each 
side of scutellum an arcuate, fuscous macula. Scutellum cinereous pubescent, usually 
with a brown or fuscous spot medially. Body beneath and legs more sparsely grey 
pubescent, the latter often entirely, or with tibiae and tarsi, reddish. Antennae 
piceous, frequently with segments from third reddish brown, dull brownish ashy 
pubescent, bases of segments from fourth irregularly annulate with cinereous. 

Head minutely alutaceous, above with a few coarse punctures at middle ; genae 
and front with sparse, coarse punctures; latter distinctly transverse, constricted 
between eyes ; eye with lower lobe subquadrate, nearly twice height of gena. Pro- 
notum about one-third again as wide across base as long ; lateral tubercles prominent, 
robust, medial, with a short, obtuse spine at apex ; apical and basal transverse sulci 
irregular, the former recurved at middle, the latter deep medially but shallow later- 
ally ; disk with five distinct tubercles, the lateral basal ones somewhat smaller, the 
median one the largest, coarsely punctate medially and towards apex. Elytra rather 
densely, uniformly granulate-punctate on basal fifth, thence simply, seriately, rather 
sparsely punctate to apex, the more lateral punctures coarser and more regularly 
seriate ; apices obliquely, rather broadly subtruncate. Antennae nearly twice as 
long as body, sixth segment surpassing elytral apex, fimbriate beneath on first four 
segments ; scape attaining apical third of pronotum, rather robust, feebly clavate 
apically ; third segment as long as first ; fourth feebly swollen, slightly longer than 
first ; remainder gradually shorter, except eleventh, which is a little longer than 
third. 

FEMALE. More robust ; pronotum more strongly transverse ; antennae slightly 
longer than body, ninth segment surpassing elytral apex, third and fourth segment 
not swollen, eleventh scarcely longer than tenth. 

Length 16-5-25 mm. ; width 5:3-8-4 mm. 

Type locality : Kondué [Belgian Congo]. 

DISTRIBUTION. Broadly through Central Africa into Nigeria. 

Nigeria: 1; Itu [EFG]. 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION’ 69 


Cameroon: 1; no further locality [SM]. 6; Efulen [CM]. 1; Sakbayeme, 
Sanaga River, July [CM]. 4; Mundame [DEI-2 ; MCZ-1 ; SM-1]. 1; Yaounde, 
July-August [CM]. 1; Bipindi, May—June [CMNH]. 1; Victoria [SM]. 

Gabon: 2; Ogowe River [CM]. 

Belgian Congo: 1; Djabbir, May-June [BM]. 1; Duma, Ubangi Dist., Oct. 7, 
rg10 (Schultz) [SM]. 

REMARKS. Distinguished from zvrorator by its larger and more robust body, by 
the less densely irrorate elytra, and especially by the large, subquadrate, post- 
median, dark macula on the elytra. The colour of antennae and legs appears to 
vary from dark to light reddish brown. Two groups are readily separated, in one 
the tarsi are red, in the other they are black, but as no other differences appear to 
be constant, these colour differences are treated as individual variations. 


Ethiopiochamus centralis Duvivier (comb. nov.) 


Monohammus centralis Duvivier, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 35, 1891 : 380; loc. cit. 36, 1892 : 343. 
Monochamus plumbeus ab. centralis Duvivier. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944: 418. 


MALE. Head and pronotum piceous to black, elytra dark reddish brown to piceous ; 
covered densely with brown-grey to grey pubescence. Head each side of middle with 
an irregular, vittiform macula of dark brown pubescence. Pronotum apically with 
small, scattered, dark brown maculae. Scutellum with an indefinite, poorly visible, 
brownish macula medially. Elytra with dark brown marking as follows: extreme 
base with a transverse macula extending from scutellum to near humerus, usually 
divided into a smaller and a larger part ; at basal quarter with an irregular macula, 
often represented by several very small maculae ; just behind middle an irregular 
macula, more or less quadrate; entire surface irregularly and inconstantly 
sprinkled with fine points. Body beneath and legs castaneous, densely covered with 
pubescence that is somewhat greyer than that of body above ; abdomen with first 
three sternites having a brownish macula laterally ; tarsi grey pubescent. Antennae 
with scape piceous, rest dark reddish brown, becoming paler to apex ; brown-grey 
pubescent, segments a little greyer on bases beneath. 

Head minutely alutaceous, vertex medially with a few coarse punctures ; front 
slightly wider than tall, sides subparallel, a little narrowed between eyes, with a few 
scattered punctures ; eye with lower lobe subquadrate, ranging from one-third to 
one-half again as tall as gena. Pronotum about one-fifth again as wide across base 
as long ; lateral tubercles medial, broad at base, ending in a rather short, obtuse 
spine ; apical and basal transverse sulci rather broad, basal one rather shallow, the 
apical one recurved and deeply impressed medially ; disk with five tubercles, the 
lateral ones much smaller than others, with scattered, coarse punctures. Scutellum 
transverse, more or less triangular, rounded at apex. Elytra smooth at extreme base, 
basal quarter with moderate-sized granules, thence with more or less seriate punc- 
tures to apex, the more lateral rows usually more distinct ; apices broadly truncate. 
Antennae nearly twice as long as body, fimbriate beneath on first four segments ; 
scape not quite attaining base of lateral tubercles, gradually clavate to apex ; third 
segment feebly arcuate, swollen throughout its length, three-quarters again as long 

ENTOM, II, 3. 4§§ 


70 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


as first; fourth straight, feebly swollen, nearly half again as long as first ; fifth 
segment subequal to first ; rest gradually shorter, except eleventh which is elongate. 
FEMALE. Antennae very little longer than body, the last segment feebly longer 
than tenth ; pronotum more strongly transverse. 
Length 22-30°5 mm. ; width 7-10 mm. 
Type locality : Ibembo, Congo. 
DISTRIBUTION. Throughout the tropical rain forest area. 
Uganda: 1; Mengo [BM] 1; Bugalla Isl., Lake Victoria, Jan. 23, 1912 [BM]. 
Belgian Congo : 3; Itemburi, Itembo, Aug.—Oct., 1890 (Duviv.) [BM-2 ; SM-1]. 
1; Luluabourg, 1930 [EFG]. 3; Kondué (Luja) [SM]. 
French Congo: 1; Kuilu (Mocquerys) [BM]. 
Cameroons: 1; no further data [SM]. 6; Efulen, Aug.—Dec. [CM]. 1; Sak- 
bayeme, Sanaga River (Reis) [CM]. 4; Mundame [SM]. 
Nigeria : 1; Ilesha (Humphrey) [BM]. 
Gold Coast: 3; no further data [BM-2; EFG-1]. 1; Abuvi [EFG]. 2: Ab- 
boa Dist. [BM: EFG]. 1; Juaso, Oct. 26, 1938 (G. S. Cansdale) [BM]. 
REMARKS. The specimens from the Gold Coast have a very short tooth on the 
pronotal lateral tubercles and on the Nigerian example the basal macula on the 
elytra is broader than usual and unbroken. 
Most easily recognized from related species by the fulvous pubescent under- 
surface, and by the abdomen maculate with fuscous laterally on first three or four 
sternites. 


Ethiopiochamus plumbeus Gahan (comb. nov.) 
Monohammus plumbeus Gahan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 2, 1888 : 394. 


MALE. Fuscous, densely covered with brownish grey pubescence. Head above 
feebly tinged with fuscous on occiput and either side of middle ; front below and 
genae more or less cinereous pubescent. Scutellum uniformly brown-grey pubescent. 
Elytra more strongly brown-grey pubescent, becoming more cinereous on sides, at 
extreme base near scutellum a transverse, fuscous macula extending half-way to 
humeri, with a small spot between it and humerus, behind middle with an irregular, 
fuscous macula often broken into small maculae ; below humerus a small, quadrate 
macula of same colour, rest of elytra nearly entirely free of dark flecks except for a 
few at basal third. Body beneath and legs dark reddish brown, pale brown-ashy 
pubescent ; tarsi hoary pubescent. Antennae fuscous, segments becoming dark 
reddish brown apically, rather densely, uniformly covered with grey-brown 
pubescence. 

Head minutely alutaceous, between eyes and antennal tubercles with a number 
of irregular-sized punctures ; front distinctly wider than long, strongly narrowed 
between eyes, with scattered, coarse punctures ; eyes with lower lobe subquadrate, 
twice height of gena. Pronotum scarcely wider across base than long ; lateral tuber- 
cles prominent, robust, with a short, obtuse tooth at apex, directed slightly pos- 
teriorly ; apical and basal sulci rather shallow, more distinct medially, apical one 
recurved at middle ; disk with five tubercles, the lateral basal ones subobsolete, rest 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 71 


prominent, with a cluster of rather coarse punctures either side of middle and a few 
finer ones laterally. Elytra on basal quarter granulate-punctate, the granules only 
slightly prominent, punctures thence simple, seriate, the lateral ones rather coarse, 
those towards suture much finer; apices broadly, squarely truncate. Antennae 
about two-thirds again as long as body, fimbriate beneath on first four segments ; 
scape attaining apical fourth of pronotum, robust, feebly clavate apically ; third 
segment twice as long as scape, distinctly arcuate, moderately, uniformly swollen 
throughout its length ; fourth feebly tumid, about half again as long as first ;_ re- 
mainder gradually shorter, except eleventh, which is slightly longer than fourth. 

Length 24 mm. ; width 7-8 mm. 

Type locality : Congo. 

DISTRIBUTION. West Central Africa. 

French Congo: 1, Kuilu River [ANSP]. 

REMARKS. This species is distinct in its uniform pubescence, having on the 
elytra very few dark flecks except at basal third, and no dark flecks on the pronotum 
or scutellum. 


Ethiopiochamus tropicalis sp. n. 


MALE. Fuscous to piceous, densely covered with fulvous and hoary variegated 
pubescence, maculate with fuscous or piceous as follows: Head above with an 
elongate, triangular macula each side of middle. Pronotum with a small macula on 
each of the three basal discal tubercles, that on the middle one sometimes elongate ; 
a small macula on anterior surface of tubercle. Elytra with a broad basal area, 
not sharply defined posteriorly ; behind middle a large, quadrate macula, rest of 
disk irregularly sprinkled with small maculae, especially near basal third and along 
suture. Scutellum ashy pubescent with a fulvous-brown, oval macula medially. 
Body beneath and legs dark reddish brown to fuscous, rather sparsely covered with 
brownish cinereous pubescence ; tarsi cinereous pubescent. Antennae with scape 
piceous, remaining segments dark reddish brown, sparsely covered with brownish 
cinereous pubescence, segments from fourth sometimes grey annulate, sometimes 
only grey beneath. 

Entire upper surface minutely alutaceous. Head with a single series of punctures 
each side of median line; front irregularly, rather coarsely, sparsely punctate, 
especially medially and near eyes, one-fourth wider than high, slightly constricted 
between eyes; eye with lower lobe quadrate, twice as high as gena. Pronotum 
one-fourth again as wide across base as long; lateral tubercles median, broad at 
base, subconical, ending in a short, obtuse spine ; apical and basal transverse sulci 
rather narrow, deep, but irregularly impressed, apical one strongly recurved medially ; 
disk with five distinct, nearly equally elevated tubercles, the two lateral posterior 
ones slightly smaller than others; surface irregularly sprinkled with moderately 
fine punctures, especially anteriorly at middle and on lateral tubercles. Elytra 
finely, seriately punctate, punctures at extreme base more or less granulate, usually 
not very distinct along suture ; apices broadly or rather broadly, slightly obliquely 
truncate, sometimes somewhat emarginately truncate. Antennae one and two- 


72 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


thirds body length, fimbriate beneath on first four segments’; scape attaining apical 
fourth of pronotum, gradually clavate to apex; third segment swollen, feebly 
biflexuose, three-fourths again as long as first ; fourth robust, slightly longer than 
first ; remaining gradually decreasing in length, except eleventh which is subequal 
to third. 

FEMALE. Antennae only slightly longer than body, eleventh segment a little 
longer than tenth. Pronotum somewhat more transverse than in male. 

Length 18-24 mm. ; width 7-8 mm. 

Holotype: g; FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA: Brazzaville (E. Bourval) [ANSP]. 

Allotype: 9; same data as holotype [ANSP]. 

Paratypes: 7; topotypic [ANSP-6; NRS-1]. 1; Congo; [NRS]. 

REMARKS. Easily distinguished from centralis in having on the elytra a broad 
brown basal area that fades into the paler pubescence. The pubescence of the entire 
upper surface is variegated, being made up of fulvous and hoary pubescence ; the 
scutellum is ashy, with fulvous-brown maculae. Furthermore, the pronotum has 
across its base three dark brown maculae in a row; and the elytral post-median 
macula reaches very nearly to extreme lateral margin. 


Ethiopiochamus nubifer Gyllenhal (comb. nov.) 


Lamia nubifer Gyllenhal, in Schoenherr, Syn. Ins. 1, 3, 1817: append. 165. 

Monochamus gabonicus Thomson, Arch. Ent. 2, 1858 : 166. 

Monohammus ruspator Fabricius. Murray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 6, 1870: 475. Aulmann, 
Fauna Deutsch. Kolon. 5 (3), 1912: 17, f. 13; 5 (5), 1913; 19, f. 15. Breuning, Nov. Ent. 


suppl. 3 (2), 1944: 421. 

Monohammus basalis Chevrolat, Rev. zool. (2) 9, 1857: 74; Cent. Long., 1858, No. 65. Murray, 
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 6, 1870: 476. 

Monochamus feralis Pascoe, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 3, 1866 : 296 [fide Breuning]. 


Mate. Head and pronotum piceous, densely covered with short, dull brown or 
dull brownish fulvous pubescence. Scutellum dull ochraceous pubescent. Elytra 
dark brown pubescent, with a broad, common, irregular, more or less X-shaped 
area of whitish pubescence extending from humeral angle to slightly behind middle 
at sides, the anterior arms and the median portion usually broader than the posterior 
and often interrupted with small brown maculae ; at apical quarter an undulating, 
narrow fascia of similarly coloured pubescence, attaining both lateral and sutural 
margins, and with indistinct whitish maculae bordering the entire apical margin ; 
humeri anteriorly tinged with yellowish. Body beneath and legs sparsely covered 
with brownish fulvous pubescence; tarsi cinereous pubescent. Antennae with 
scape piceous, rest dark reddish brown, gradually becoming paler apically, uniformly 
covered with sparse dull ashy pubescence, without annulations. 

Head around eyes and on front with a few rather coarse punctures ; front about 
one-fifth wider than long; eye with lower lobe oblong, suberect, about two and 
one-quarter times the height of gena. Pronotum at base one-seventh wider than 
long ; lateral tubercles robust, prominent, terminating in a short, robust, obtuse 
spine ; disk with three low, rounded tubercles, median one a little larger and more 
prominent than the others, sprinkled with rather coarse, irregularly placed punctures, 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 73 


especially towards sides and before apex ; apical sulcus rather broad, deep, strongly 
recurved medially, basal one narrow, deep, and more or less undulating. Elytra 
with basal gibbosity feeble, without trace of a crest ; entire surface rather finely, 
densely punctate, the punctures somewhat finer apically, usually preceded by five 
granules ‘at extreme base; humeri simply rounded ; apices broadly subtruncate, 
outer angle sometimes feebly produced. Antennae robust, nearly twice as long as 
body, finely and rather densely fringed beneath to apex ; scape scarcely surpassing 
the apex of pronotum, robust from base ; third segment nearly twice as long as 
first ; fourth one-half again as long as first ; fifth longer than first ; rest gradually 
decreasing in length, except eleventh, which is as long as fourth and slightly arcuate. 
FEMALE. As in male, but antennae feebly annulate from fourth segment, one- 
fourth again as long as body, fourth segment only slightly longer than first and fifth 
subequal to first, eleventh scarcely longer than tenth. 

Length 15-26 mm. ; width 5-7-7 mm. 

Type locality : Sierra Leone [mubifer] ; Gabon [gabonicus] ; Flores [ feralis]. 

DIsTRIBUTION. West Central Africa. 

Cameroons: 13; no further data [MCZ; SM; DEI; ZSM]. 21; Efulen, June— 
Dec. [CM]. 8; Lolodorf [CM; SM]. 5; Batanga [CM]. 2; Edea [CM]. 
2;.Yaunda [CM]. 1; Sakbayeme [CM]. 2; Ogové River [CM]. 10; 
Mundame [MCZ; SM]. 2; Motive [SM]. 1; Momfe [SM]. 1; Mukonje 
[ZSM]. 1; Tiko [DEI]. 1; Longji [ZSM]. 1; Bipindi (CMNH]. 1; Joko 
[SM]. 1; Victoria [ANSP]. 1; Sasse, nr. Buea, Feb. 1951 [CAS]. 2; 
Mabete, Victoria, June 1, 1946 (Malkin) [CAS]. 1; Muyuka, Victoria, June 24 
(Malkin) [CAS]. 

Gabon: 10; no further data [(CM; ANSP; MCZ; DEI]. 

French Congo: 1; Kuilu River [ANSP]. 1, Brazzaville [ANSP]. 1; Jaunde 
[EFG]. 

Nigeria: 1; Calabar [SM]. 1; Anambra Creek, Lower Niger [EFG]. 

REMARKS. This species is easily recognized by the dark basal patch of the elytra, 

which is followed by a broad, irregular, X-shaped area of whitish pubescence, and 
by the lack of a basal crest. 


Ethiopiochamus nubilosus Hintz (comb. nov.) 


Monohammus nubilosus Hintz, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr. Exp. 3, 1911 : 434. 
Monochamus ruspator dentipes Gyllenhal. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 421 [misdet.]. 


“Fawn, dark clouded, grey or fuscous nubilose, yellow pubescent. Head and 
pronotum very densely finely punctate, with scattered, deep punctures interspersed. 
Pronotum not longer than wide, disk trituberculate, yellow maculate. Scutellum 
yellow pubescent. Elytra with apices squarely truncate, angles rounded, between 
scutellum and humeri slightly elevated, base granulate, thence strongly punctate, 
punctures finer apically. Body beneath very densely punctate. Antennae of male 
twice length of body, in female surpassing elytral apex, brown segments apically 
darker. Length 19-23 mm. 


74 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


“3; Foot of Ruwenzori Mt., Feb. 1; Kassenje, Lake Albert, Feb., 1908. 1; 
Bukoba, June 13, 1907. 

“Head entirely sulcate medially. All tibiae dentate at apex’’ [Translation of 
the original description]. 

This species appears to be closely related to E. ruspator Fab. but was not en- 
countered during the present study. 


Ethiopiochamus ruspator Fabricius (comb. nov.) 


Lamia ruspator Fabricius, Spec. Ins. 1, 1781 : 223; Man. Ins. 1, 1787: 140; Ent. Syst. 1 (2), 
1792 : 286; Syst. Eleuth. 2, 1801 : 300. Gmelin, in Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 1 (4), 1790 : 1834. 

Cevambyx ruspator Fabricius. Olivier, Encycl. meth. Ins. 7, 1792 : 467; Entomologie. 4, No. 67, 
1795: 99, pl. 17, f.. 129. 


MALE. Piceous, rather densely covered with dark greyish brown pubescence. 
Head on vertex, and pronotum over lateral and discal tubercles, covered with 
brownish ochraceous pubescence. Scutellum entirely ochraceous pubescent. Elytra 
with humeri irregularly ochraceous pubescent, the pubescence extending in a narrow 
oblique vitta to about basal fifth ; with two whitish fasciae, one slightly behind 
middle, broadly interrupted before suture, extending obliquely forward from sides, 
continued at suture as a common macula, the second at apical fourth, narrow, 
undulating, widened near suture. Body beneath and legs dark reddish brown, 
abdomen sometimes paler, densely clothed with greyish pubescence, interrupted by 
small, glabrous points; metasternum and legs beneath tinged with brownish 
pubescence. Antennae with scape piceous, rest dark reddish brown, becoming 
slightly paler distally, finely grey pubescent, apical halves of segments with brownish 
pubescence. 

Head minutely alutaceous, with scattered, coarse, deep punctures, front one-fifth 
wider than high, slightly narrowed between eyes ; eye with lower lobe broadly oval, 
twice as tall as gena. Pronotum one-quarter again as wide across base as long ; 
apical and basal transverse sulci deep, apical one recurved medially ; lateral tubercles 
broad, ending in a short, obtuse spine; disk with five tubercles, the median one 
placed closer to base and broad, the two lateral ones feeble, entire surface coarsely, 
densely, irregularly punctate. Elytra with basal gibbosities feeble ; disk on basal 
fifth moderately granulate-punctate, thence with moderate sized, deep punctures 
which are more or less seriate; apices obliquely truncate. Legs with femora 
coarsely, rather sparsely punctate. Antennae about one and two-thirds times as 
long as body, fimbriate beneath to apex ; scape robust, very feebly clavate apically, 
with coarse, deep, sparse punctures ; third segment straight, twice as long as scape ; 
fourth segment one-half and fifth one-third again as long as first ; rest gradually 
diminishing, except eleventh which is as long as fourth and arcuate. 

FEMALE. As male but antennae only one-third longer than body, and third 
segment is not quite twice as long as first. 

Length 16-21 mm. ; width 5~7 mm. 

Type locality : ‘‘ Africa aequinoctiali ’’ [ruspator]. 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 75 


DISTRIBUTION. West Africa, from Nigeria to Liberia. 

West Africa: 12; no further data [EFG ; ZSM]. 

Nigeria: 1; no further data [SM]. 1; Ifon, Ondo Prov., Aug. I-11, 1934 
(Bolton) [CMNH]. 1; Lagos [EFG]. 1; Calabar [SM]. 

Gold Coast : 9; no further data [EFG—8 ; SM-1]. 1; Tafo[EFG]. 3; Obuasi, 
Mar. (D. Rafferty) [CM]. 1; Accra, March [EFG]. 2; Axim [EFG ; USNM]. 
1; Ashanti [ANSP]. 

Togo: 2; no further data [SM]. 

Ivory Coast : 1; Dimbroko [EFG]. 

French Guinea: 2; no further data [ZSM]. 

Liberia: 1; no further data [MCZ]. 1; Du River [MCZ]. 14; Mt. Coffee 
[USNM]. 2; Muhlenberg Mission [USNM]. 1; Harbel, April 1946 (H. 
Beatty) [LL]. 1; Medje (Lang & Chapin) [AMNH]. 

Gabon: 1; no further data [SM]. 

Cameroons: 4; no further data [SM]. 

Belgian Congo: 1; Niangara, Nov., 1910 (Lang & Chapin) [AMNH]. 

German East Africa: 1; no further data [ZSM]. 

REMARKS. This species (under the name of dentipes) was treated by Breuning as 

a variety of nubifer (which he called ruspator). The present form is amply distinct, 
however, by the coarse punctation of the femora and scape, by the shorter, robust 
body form, and by the transverse pronotum, as well as by the elytral and pronotal 
maculation. 

Fabricius in his original description of ruspator states ‘‘ Thorax spinose, fuscous, 

with two ferrugineous maculae, elytra fuscous varied with ashy ... and antennae 
slightly longer than body.’”’ These statements can apply only to the above species. 


Ethiopiochamus ochraceomaculatus Breuning (comb. nov.) 
Monochamus ochraceomaculatus Breuning, Folia zool. hydrobiol. Riga 7, 1935:245; Nov. Ent. 

suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 422. 

“ Close to ruspator Fab. but : Head more sparsely, pronotum more finely, punctate, 
scutellum brown tomentose, yellow only on the margins, the brighter markings of 
elytra as in ruspator m. nubifer Gyll., but more sharply defined, of ochraceous yellow 
colour, the premedian oblique band widened toward the suture, extending basally 
almost to the scutellum. Body beneath, legs, and antennae brown-grey tomentose. 
20-27 mm. Type 1 9 from Belgian Congo: Kasai in the Museum of Tervueren. 
Distributed as far as Gabon.” 

REMARKS. It is impossible to determine the generic position of this species 
without examining the type, but its coloration indicates it possibly will fall here. 


NEOCHAMUS éen. n. 


Moderate to large, cylindrical forms, with head of moderate length ; front not 
retracted, transverse, slightly narrowed between eyes ; eye with lower lobe oblong 
or subovate, subequal to the gena in height, isthmus at least half as wide as an 
upper lobe, upper lobes separated by about one and one-half to two times one of 


76 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


their widths ; antennal tubercles subapproximate at base, apically strongly diver- 
gent, prominent. Pronotum feebly narrowed apically, sides nearly straight, one- 
fourth again as wide at base as long ; lateral tubercles median, moderately elevated, 
ending in a short, subacute spine; disk with five tubercles, with basal and apical 
transverse sulci shallow, broad, the apical one recurved medially, not forming a 
deep impression medially, the surface varying from very sparsely to moderately 
densely punctate. Elytra on basal gibbosity with a feeble crest which is sometimes 
granulate ; disk granulate-punctate on no more than basal fifth, the rest of surface 
simply punctate, the punctures more or less confused ; humeri with a small tubercle 
at angle; apices either separately rounded or broadly truncate; sides feebly 
tapering in male, arcuately narrowed from behind middle in female. Prosternum 
simple, one-sixth to one-fourth as broad as procoxal cavity, mesosternal process 
simple, one-fourth to one-third as broad as mesocoxal cavity, apex subtruncate. 
Legs moderately long, hind ones longest in males; metafemora attaining at least 
middle of fifth sternite in male, all femora subcylindrical, slightly thickened medially ; 
tibiae subequal to femora, unarmed ; protarsi only slightly dilated in male. An- 
tennae at least twice body length in male, and one-third longer than body in female, 
beneath fringed to base of fourth or fifth segment ; scape short, extending at most 
to apical fourth of pronotum, robust, gradually thickened from base to apex, 
cicatrix extending nearly two-thirds around apical margin, moderately wide, slightly 
wider laterally ; third segment robust in male, straight or nearly so, nearly three- 
fourths again as long as first or longer; fourth rather robust, it and following 
subequal, eleventh a little longer. 

Type species : Monohammus nyassensis Gahan. 

REMARKS. This genus is close to Ethiopiochamus but differs from it in the eyes 
being smaller and more widely separated above. In addition, the elytra have a 
feeble crest and the humeri a small tubercle at the angle, the scape is short and 
conical, not flared apically and the third segment is nearly straight, robust, not 
tumid in male. 


KEy TO SPECIES 


1. Elytra with median fascia bordered before and behind with a narrow white fascia or 
traces of such a fascia ; scutellum with pale margin less than one-third as wide as 


central fuscous area. , pannulatus 
Elytra with median fascia not margined before and behind ‘with white ; scutellum 
with pale margin at least half as wide as central fuscous area . : 2 
2. Pronotum only with several punctures medially at apex, rest of disc impunctate ; 
elytra with crest in profile not serrate. ; . thoas 
Pronotum nearly uniformly punctate throughout ; elytral crest serrate in profile . 3 
3. Head, pronotum, and most of elytra uniformly pale grey pubescent. .  pheretes 
Head, pronotum and elytra not bright grey pubescent ‘ ; ‘ . nyassensis 


Neochamus nyassensis nyassensis Gahan (comb. nov.) 


Monohammus nyassensis Gahan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 2, 1888 : 395. 
Monochamus pannulatus Quedenfeldt. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944: 428 [misdet.] 


MALE. Piceous to black, densely covered with short, fulvous-ashy pubescence ; 
head dull brownish pubescent, sometimes tinged with ochraceous between and 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 77 


around eyes. Pronotum dull brown pubescent, irregularly varied with fulvous on 
discal and lateral tubercles. Scutellum fuscous pubescent, more or less broadly 
margined with fulvous pubescence. Elytra fulvous-ashy pubescent, mottled with 
irregular blackish maculae to a greater or lesser extent, at base with a broad, common, 
fuscous area, at suture extending to basal fourth, not quite attaining humeri on 
sides, its posterior margin irregularly incised each side and quite variable in outline ; 
beginning at middle of sides an oblique, dark brown or fuscous band, which usually 
narrows somewhat towards suture. Body beneath and legs dark brown, silky 
pubescent ; tarsi and sometimes tibiae ashy or fulvous ; femora with sparse, single, 
white setae. Antennae black at base, becoming reddish brown apically, ashy 
pubescent, pubescence only slightly denser on bases of segments. 
Entire upper surface minutely alutaceous. Head with scattered, moderate-sized, 
deep punctures ; eye with lower lobe slightly erect, about one-fourth again as high as 
gena. Pronotum at base one-third wider than long ; lateral tubercles broad basally, 
acute, and with an acute spine at apex ; disk rather uniformly but sparsely, moder- 
ately punctate, with five tubercles, two before and three behind middle, the median 
one distinctly larger than the rest, the other two basal ones feeble ; the single apical 
and basal sulci broad, shallow. Elytra at base rather densely, finely granulate- 
punctate, the punctures becoming simple beyond basal dark area and gradually 
sparser to apex ; at middle of each base a low crest bearing two or three tubercles, 
the most basal of which is much the larger ; apices broadly, separately rounded or 
obliquely subtruncate at suture. Antennae more than twice as long as body, finely 
fimbriate beneath on first three or four segments ; scape extending just to base of 
lateral tubercles, robust, subconical ; third segment three-fourths again as long as 
first. 
FEMALE. As in male, but antennae only one-third again as long as body, fourth 
segment scarcely longer than first, rest gradually shorter. 
Length 17-23 mm. ; width 6-8 mm. 
Type locality : Nyassa. 
DISTRIBUTION. South Central Africa. 
Nyasaland: 12; no further data [EFG; BM]. 19; Mlanje, Dec.—Jan., 1913 
[EFG; BM]. 1; Mt. Mlanje, Jan. r, 1913 (S. A. Neave) [BM]. 

Southern Rhodesia: 1; Mt. Chirindi [EFG]. 1; Mashonaland [EFG]. 1; Mt. 
Selinda, Dec. 1929 [CM]. 1; Chirinda Forest [NMSR]. 

Belgian Congo: 1, Urundi [ZSM]. 

(?) Cameroons: 1; no further data [SM]. 


Neochamus nyassensis proximus Breuning (stat. nov.) 


Monochamus proximus Breuning, Folia zool. Hydrobiol. Riga 7, 1935:246; Nov. Ent. 


suppl. 3 (2), 1944: 428. 
Monochamus pannulatus Quedenfeldt. Aurivillius, in Sjéstedt, Wiss. Ergebn. Exped. Kili- 
mandjaro, 1 (7), 1908 : 146 [misdet.]. 


As the nymotype, but elytra with pubescence fulvous instead of fulvous ashy ; 
scutellum largely pale fulvous with a basal dark brown macula; body beneath 


78 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


slightly fulvous pubescent. Elytral apices usually broadly, obliquely truncate at 
suture, the outer angle pronounced. 

Type locality : Lindi, Tanganyika. 

DISTRIBUTION. East Africa. 

Tanganyika: 6; Lukuledi [ZSM]. 


Neochamus nyassensis gazensis subsp. n. 


As in the nymotype but scutellum entirely yellowish white pubescent, sometimes 
with a touch of dark at extreme base ; antennae sharply and broadly grey annulate 
on bases of segments from the third in both sexes. 

Length 17:5-19 mm. ; width 6-3 mm. 

Holotype: 34; SOUTHERN RHODESIA: Gazaland, Chirinda Forest, Dec., Igor 

(G. A. K. Marshall) B.M. 1912-296 [BM]. 
Allotype: 2; same data as male [BM]. 
Paratypes: 3; Chirinda Forest, Gazaland, Dec., 1937 (G. van Son) [Fuchs]. 


Neochamus pheretes sp. n. 


Mate. Head and pronotum piceous, covered with greyish brown pubescence, 
varied somewhat with cinereous, or sometimes entirely cinereous pubescent. 
Scutellum brownish ochraceous or whitish pubescent. Elytra brown-ochraceous 
pubescent, at base with a common, transverse, dark brown area widest at suture, 
narrowing to humerus ; two oblique fasciae of cinereous pubescence, one before 
middle, narrow, one behind middle somewhat wider, fasciae sometimes composed 
of white annulae about the punctures ; apical quarter usually more or less reticulate 
with cinereous. Body beneath dark reddish brown, covered with greyish brown and 
cinereous pubescence. Legs and antennae dark reddish brown ; femora above greyish 
brown pubescent, lower surface, tibiae, and tarsi cinereous ; antennae annulate with 
greyish pubescence basally, beginning with third segment. 

Head minutely, densely alutaceous, with a few scattered, coarse, deep punctures ; 
front feebly transverse, with scattered, coarse, deep punctures ; eye with lower lobe 
slightly shorter than gena, ovate. Pronotum one-fourth again as wide at base as 
long ; basal and apical sulci broad, shallow, the latter recurved medially ; lateral 
tubercles broad, moderately elevated, ending in a short, subacute spine ; disk with 
five tubercles, the median one basal, very large, the two each side of middle rather 
small, the anterior pair slightly larger, entire surface sparsely coarsely punctate. 
Elytra basally with a crest medially, along the apex of which is a series of coarse 
tubercles, the largest one anteriorly ; basal fifth moderately granulate-punctate, rest 
of elytra somewhat coarsely punctate, more finely so toward apex ; humeri at angle 
with a small, rounded tubercle ; apices rather narrowly rounded. Antennae largely 
wanting ; scape robust, finely, densely punctate, attaining anterior border of 
lateral tubercle ; third segment nearly straight, rather robust, twice as long as first ; 
rest wanting. 

FEMALE. As in male but more robust ; antennae shorter, third segment a little 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 79 


more than half again as long as first ; fourth segment one-fourth longer than first, 
and fifth slightly shorter than first ; rest wanting. 

Length 163-18 mm. ; width 5-2-5-9 mm. 

Holotype: $; SOUTHERN RHODESIA: Vumba, Mar. 1931 [NMSR]. 

Allotype: 9; same data as holotype [NMSR]. 

Paratype: 92°; SOUTHERN RHODESIA: Vumba, Umtali district, Feb. 19, 1931 
(P. A. Sheppard) [NMSR]. 

REMARKS. The paratype is nearly entirely cinereous pubescent above on head 
and pronotum and the anterior cinereous pubescent fascia is much broader. The 
scutellum is also whitish pubescent. 

The species is close to N. nyassensis nyassensts but there the pubescence of the 
upper surface is tawny, not varied with ashy. In the present form the pronotum is 
less densely punctate as well. Furthermore the lower lobe of the eye is shorter than 
the gena. Eventually it may prove to be a race of N. pannulatus, but no inter- 
mediate forms were found to warrant such action here. 


Neochamus pannulatus pannulatus Quedenfeldt (comb. nov.) 


Monohammus pannulatus Quedenfeldt, Berl. ent. Z. 26, 1882 : 337. 


FEMALE. Dark reddish brown, fulvous pubescent. Head mottled with dark 
brown on occiput and front. Pronotum medially tinged with fuscous. Scutellum 
dark brown pubescent, rather broadly margined with ochraceous. Elytra ashy 
pubescent, at base with a broad, common, subtriangular, fuscous area, irregularly 
incised on its posterior border ; entire disk heavily mottled with blackish ; medially 
a broad, oblique, fulvous band extending to suture and a small, fulvous area on apex. 
Body beneath and legs fulvous pubescent, with single, scattered, long, whitish hairs. 
Antennae gradually paler apically ; fulvous pubescent, segments from fourth more 
or less distinctly annulate with whitish. 

Entire upper surface minutely alutaceous. Head finely punctate above between 
eyes and on front, more coarsely and sparsely so on genae behind eyes ; eye with low- 
er lobe erect, subequal to gena in height. Pronotum at base about one-fourth again 
as wide as long; lateral tubercles broad, obtuse, armed with a robust, subacute 
spine ; disk rather densely, moderately punctate, with two tubercles before middle 
and three behind, the median one much larger, lateral basal ones feeble ; apical 
sulcus obsolete, basal one broad, shallow. Elytra at base granulate-punctate, the 
punctures very shallow, punctation behind basal area rather coarse, dense, and rugose 
but more or less obscured by pubescence, extending to apex; basal crest rather 
feebly elevated, with two or three small tubercles anteriorly ; apices broadly, 
separately rounded. Antennae with scape attaining apical fourth of pronotum, 
robust, subconical ; third segment about three-fourths again as long as first ; rest 
wanting. 

Length 14 mm. ; width 4-6 mm. 

Type locality : Angola. 

DISTRIBUTION. Angola. 

Angola: 1; Benguella [SM]. 


80 ' LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH:S. DILLON 


REMARKS. This species is distinguished from M. myassensis by the elytra having 
the median oblique band fulvous, mottled with blackish, the eye somewhat smaller, 
subequal to gena in height, and the elytral disk rugosely punctate. Furthermore, 
the antennae are distinctly annulate with white at bases of segments at least from 
fourth. 


Neochamus pannulatus gilmouri subsp. n. 


' As in the nymotype but differing from it in having the pubescence of elytra 
fulvous instead of ashy, and at basal and apical third an irregular, whitish, oblique 
band outlining the usual median band. Scutellum dull fulvous, medially with a 
pale brownish macula. Antennae with scape fuscous pubescent, usually the third 
as well as following segments annulate with ashy. 

Length 18-21 mm. ; width 5-8-5 mm. 

Holotype: g$; TANGANYIKA: Lukuledi [ZSM]. 

Allotype: 92; Kashitu [EFG]. 

Paratypes: 1; Kashitu[EFG]. 1; Lukuledi[ZSM]. 1; Tanganyika: Kilosa, 
Dec. 24, 1925 (N. C. E. Miller) BM 1927-503 [BM]. 


Neochamus thoas sp. n. 


MALE. Piceous, elytra dark reddish brown; densely fulvous pubescent, head 
more sparsely so. Scutellum nearly entirely yellowish white pubescent except at 
middle of base where it is slightly infuscated. Elytra basally with a broad, common, 
fuscous area extending to basal fourth at suture, rounding up to, but not covering, 
humerus ; medially a rather narrow, fuscous, oblique fascia, which is irregular on 
its anterior and posterior margins, widest laterally, narrowing at suture just behind 
middle; at apical third toward suture an indistinct, fuscous, narrowly ovate, 
longitudinal macula. Body beneath and legs piceous, posterior abdominal sternites 
and tibiae dark reddish brown; covered with a sparse, fine, greyish fulvous 
pubescence, with scattered, sparse, white setae. Antennae piceous, segments from 
fourth dark reddish brown, fuscous pubescent, annulate with grey on basal halves 
of third and fourth segments, and on increasingly greater areas on remaining 
segments. 

Head minutely alutaceous, with several coarse punctures behind eye and on 
vertex ; front transverse, slightly narrowed above, with several widely scattered 
punctures ; sides of genae coarsely punctate ; eye with lower lobe erect, feebly 
taller than gena. Pronotum one-tenth wider across base than long ; lateral tubercles 
median, prominent, armed with a short, acute spine ; disk with five tubercles, the 
central one largest, about as broad as long, the apical pair more or less rounded, and 
the most lateral ones very small, rest of disk smooth except for several coarse 
punctures at apex and one or two basally. Elytra at base rather finely granulate- 
punctate in fuscous area, rest of disk with moderately dense, simple punctures which 
become finer apically ; basal gibbosity rather feeble, but with a rounded crest on its 
summit, which in profile is not serrate; apices narrowly, separately rounded ; 
humeri with a small tubercle at angle. Antennae more than twice as long as body, 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 81 


very sparsely fimbriate on first three segments ; scape extending to apical third of 
pronotum, robust, subconical ; third segment robust, straight, nearly twice as long 
as first; fourth robust, about one-half again as long as first; fifth to seventh 
subequal, slightly longer than fourth; rest gradually shorter, except eleventh, 
which is distinctly longer than the tenth. 

Length 18 mm. ; width 6 mm. 

Holotype: ¢; SOUTHERN RHODESIA: Mt. Selinda, 4,500 ft., December, 1929 
(R. & L. Boulton) [CM]. 

REMARKS. While superficially very similar to N. myassensts, this species is dis- 
tinguished from that form by its scarcely punctate head and pronotum, the un- 
serrated basal crest of the elytra, the nearly unicolorous scutellum, and the rounded 
discal tubercles of the elytra. 


TRICHOLAMIA Bates 


Tricholamia Bates, Ent. mon. Mag. 21, 1884: 14. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2),1944: 
381. 
Moechopsis Hintz, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afrika Exped. 3, 1911 : 438. 


Large, elongate-oblong, robust. Head of normal length, vertex declivous, 
broadly, rather deeply sulcate, impunctate ; from one-fifth again as broad as high, 
laterally with a broad sulcus from middle of lower lobe of eye ascending onto side 
of antennal tubercle, sprinkled with short, erect hairs, medially with a narrow, deep 
sulcus ; eye with lower lobe strongly obliquely transverse, entire margin rounded, 
nearly twice as tall as gena, isthmus very broad, nearly as wide as upper lobes, which 
are as broad as the interocular space ; antennal tubercles robust, prominent, sub- 
approximate basally, divergent apically. Pronotum one-fourth again as wide across 
base as long, sides parallel, uneven ; lateral tubercles slightly premedian, conical, 
with a short, acute tooth at apex ; apical and basal transverse sulci narrow, deep, 
the former recurved at middle ; disk with five large, prominent tubercles and with 
scattered, fine, setigerous punctures. Elytra with basal gibbosity subobsolete ; 
entire disk finely, sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing a long, erect, black hair ; 
apices broadly, separately rounded; humeri simple, behind which the sides are 
coarsely granulate-punctate. Prosternal process simple, as is that also of meso- 
sternum. Legs moderately long, hind ones longest; femora not very robust, 
gradually narrowed to base and feebly so to apex; protibiae unarmed in male ; 
protarsi dilated in male. Antennae defective, sixth segment attaining apical fifth 
of elytra, densely fimbriate beneath on all segments, entire scape and apices of other 
segments with long, dark setae ; scape attaining apical third of pronotum, robust, 
gradually clavate to apex, which is slightly flared laterally, cicatrix extending nearly 
two-thirds around apical margin, widest dorso-laterally ; third segment three- 
eighths again as long as first, straight, thickened apically ; fourth to sixth suc- 
cessively shorter ; rest wanting. Palpi with terminal segments broadly, squarely 
truncate in male. 

Type species: Tricholamia plagiata Bates, by monotypy. 


82 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


REMARKS. The long erect setae on the elytra and entire antennal scape (with 
shorter similar ones on pronotum and front), and the very broad isthmus of the eye 
will distinguish this genus. 


Tricholamia plagiata Bates 


Tricholamia plagiata Bates, Ent. mon. Mag. 21, 1884:15. Waterhouse, Aid Ident. Ins. 2, 
1886: pl. 170, f. 4. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944: 381. Lepesme, Longicornia, 1, 
1950 : 561, fig. 8. 

Moechopsis ruficornis Hintz, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch, Zentr,.-Afr. Exped. 3, 1911 : 438, pl. 7, fig 13. 


MALE. Fuscous, elytra, legs, and antennae dark reddish brown, densely covered 
with fulvous-ashy pubescence. Head above each side of middle near occiput clouded 
with brown. Scutellum somewhat brighter fulvous-ashy pubescent. Elytra with 
three large, fuscous markings, first a short broad fascia at extreme base, second a 
large, elongate, irregular plaga at middle towards sides, and third a rather large 
macula at apical quarter near middle of disk ; entire disk irregularly sprinkled with 
a number of fuscous maculae. Body beneath, legs, and antennae broadly tinged 
with brown ; tibiae apically and tarsi with bright ochraceous pubescence ; antennal 
segments from third infuscated apically. 

Head above with a rather deep, broad sulcus between eyes and antennal tubercles, 
impunctate ; front one-fifth again as broad as high, the whole surface somewhat 
tumid, each side with an arcuate sulcus beginning at middle of lower ocular lobe and 
continuing on outer side of antennal tubercles, sprinkled irregularly with short, erect 
hairs ; eye with lower lobe strongly obliquely transverse, nearly twice as tall as 
gena. Pronotum about one-fourth again as wide across base as long, sides parallel ; 
lateral tubercles robust, conical, tapering into an acute tooth, slightly premedian ; 
apical and basal transverse sulci very deeply impressed, narrow, the former dis- 
tinctly recurved medially ; disk covered with a number of rather long, erect hairs 
which arise from fine punctures, medially with five very prominent, irregular 
tubercles, the two lateral basal ones somewhat smaller. Elytra with basal gibbosity 
subobsolete, without a crest; entire disk finely sparsely punctate, each puncture 
bearing a long, black hair ; apices broadly, separately rounded ; behind humeri on 
sides a number of rather densely placed granulate-punctures. Antennae defective, 
sixth segment attaining apical fifth of elytra, densely fimbriate beneath with long 
hairs, the entire scape and the apex of remaining segments above with similar long 
hairs; scape attaining apical third of pronotum, robust, gradually thickened 
apically, slightly flared laterally at extreme apex ; third three-eighths again as long 
as first, straight, slightly thickened at apex ; fourth, fifth, and sixth successively, 
distinctly shorter, rest wanting. 

Length 27 mm. ; width 8-6 mm. 

Type locality : Mt. Cameroons, Cameroons [ plagiata] ; N. Tanganyika [ruficornis]. 

DISTRIBUTION. West Africa. 

Gold Coast: zr: no further data [BM]. 

REMARKS. The long hairs on the body above antennae, as well as the three 
large, dark plagiae on the elytra, will serve to distinguish this species. 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 83 


The type locality of ruficornis is so widely separated from that of plagiata that the 
two may prove not to be identical when adequate material is at hand. 


PAROCHAMUS ¢en. n. 


Moderately large, cylindrical beetles. Head moderate in length; front not 
retracted, quadrate, sides parallel, scarcely narrowed between eyes, with a few 
coarse punctures ; eyes with lower lobe ovate, one-third to one-half again as long 
as gena, erect, isthmus scarcely narrower than upper lobes, which are separated 
by nearly three times their width ; antennal tubercles feebly prominent, narrowly 
separated and strongly divergent. Pronotum as wide across base as long in male, 
slightly transverse in female, scarcely narrower apically ; lateral tubercles median, 
broad, prominent, armed with a long, acute spine ; disk with five tubercles, lateral- 
most feeble ; disk coarsely, sparsely punctate ; apical sulcus subobsolete, basal one 
shallow and straight. Elytra with basal gibbosities rather prominent, not or feebly 
crested ; disk roughly granulate-punctate on basal fifth, the punctures thence 
simple, confused to apex; apices broadly truncate; humeri with a tubercle at 
angle ; sides gradually attenuate from humeri. Prosternal process about one-sixth 
as broad as procoxal cavity ; mesosternal process simple, less than half as broad as 
a mesocoxal cavity, slightly tapering apically, apex feebly emarginate. Legs 
moderately long, forelegs longest in male ; femora robust, cylindrical, metafemora 
attaining apex of fourth sternite; tibiae unarmed ; protarsi strongly dilated in 
male. Antennae scarcely longer than body in female, more than twice body length 
in male, finely fimbriate beneath to third or fourth segment ; scape robust, gradually 
clavate apically, moderately long, attaining apical third of pronotum, cicatrix 
confined to dorsal half of apical margin, broad, slightly broader laterally ;_ third 
segment one and three-quarter times as long as scape, nearly straight, moderately 
robust ; fourth and following very gradually decreasing in length in male, much 
more strongly shortened in female. 

Type species: Monohammus thomsoni Chevrolat. 

REMARKS. The antennal scape is somewhat similar in shape to that of Neochamus 
but it is considerably more elongate in male, attaining apical third of pronotum, and 
more slender, and the cicatrix is confined to the dorsal half of the surface. Moreover, 
the front is as high as wide, parallel-sided, and the elytra are roughly granulate- 
punctate at base. 

KEY TO SPECIES 
Elytra with a strong crest on basal gibbosity, the basal half of disk roughly rugosely 


punctate : . marshalli 
Elytra with at most a feeble crest, not rugosely coarsely punctate on | entire basal half 
thomsoni 


Parochamus thomsoni thomsoni Chevrolat (comb. nov.) 


Monohammus Thomsoni Chevrolat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 7, 1855: 184; Cent. Longic., 1858, No. 4; 
pl..2,f.4. Murray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 6, 1870: 478, pl. v, fig. 4. 


MALE. Piceous to dark reddish brown, covered with brownish grey pubescence, 
occiput and basal and apical margins of pronotum slightly darker. Scutellum 


84 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


stramineous, darker medially. Elytra ashy pubescent, at base a common, broad, 
velvety brown area, triangular in shape, extending along suture to basal quarter, 
prolonged briefly along anterior margin of humerus and below humeral angle ; 
behind middle each elytron with a dark brown, velvety, comma-shaped macula, 
posteriorly attaining lateral margin but widely remote from suture, its posterior 
margin nearly straight ; anterior lobe of this lateral spot surrounded by a broad, 
vague area of greyish brown ; suture apically margined with greyish brown, and an 
indistinct macula of the same colour at apical quarter laterally. Body beneath 
and legs dark reddish brown, covered with brownish grey pubescence, with small, 
glabrous areas; legs greyish brown pubescent ; tarsi ashy pubescent. Antennae 
with first two segments piceous, remainder reddish brown, paler apically, densely 
brownish grey pubescent. 

Head minutely alutaceous, with a few coarse punctures on vertex and around 
eyes ; front with a few coarse punctures, subquadrate, as wide as high; eye with 
lower lobe ovate, about one and a half times as tall as gena. Pronotum as wide 
across base as long ; lateral tubercles broad, well elevated, armed with a long, acute 
spine ; apical sulcus shallow, recurved medially, basal one shallow, straight ; disk 
with five tubercles, the apical two broad, flat, the median one well elevated, elongate, 
the lateral basal ones small, with a few coarse punctures at apex and at base. 
Scutellum with sides strongly tapering, apex narrowly rounded. Elytra at base 
roughly, coarsely granulate-punctate, beyond basal quarter punctures simple, 
slightly finer apically ; disk at base with a small gibbose area, with two or three 
tubercles in a line at centre of area, gibbosity accentuated behind by a rather deep, 
broad sulcus ; apices obliquely truncate at suture. Antennae two or two and a half 
times as long as body, feebly fringed beneath on basal four or five segments ; scape 
robust, gradually clavate, attaining anterior base of lateral pronotal tubercles, 
rugosely punctate ; third segment nearly twice as long as first, straight ; fourth 
three-quarters again as long as first, fifth and following very gradually shorter, 
except eleventh which is elongate and tapering. 

FEMALE. As male, but antennae shorter, the ninth segment attaining elytral 
apex, the fourth and following segments much shorter; pronotal spines not so 
elongate ; and elytra with basal gibbosity less pronounced. 

Length 15-19 mm. ; width 5:2~7 mm. 

Type locality : Calabar. 

DISTRIBUTION. West and Central Africa, except the Cameroons. 

Nigeria: 1; Calabar [BM]. 

Gabon: 1; no further data [BM]. 

Belgian Congo: 1; Adouma [BM]. 1; Buta [SM]. 


Parochamus thomsoni buea subsp. n. 


Mate. Closely resembles the nymotype but the lateral macula of the elytra is 
abbreviated anteriorly, the anterior lobe scarcely evident, so that the macula is 
oblique and not lunate in form. 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 85 


Length 15-19 mm. ; width 5—7 mm. 

Holotype: g; CAMEROONS: Buea [NRS]. 
Allotype: 9; topotypic [NRS]. 

Paratypes: 3; topotypic [NRS]. 1; Buar [BM]. 


Parochamus marshalli Breuning (comb. nov.) 


Monochamus marshalli Breuning, Folia zool. Hydrobiol. Riga 8, 1935:52; Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 
(2), 1944 : 426. 


FEMALE. Reddish brown, densely clothed with a burnished golden pubescence. 
Pronotum with the discal tubercles covered with pale yellowish white. Scutellum 
densely pale yellowish white pubescent. Elytra coppery brown pubescent, more 
concentrated to form a narrow vitta along suture before middle ; at extreme base 
with a brownish fascia which extends from humerus to humerus, behind this fascia 
a slightly wider, indistinct fascia of pale yellowish white ; behind middle with a 
large, velvety brown, comma-shaped macula, outlined with dense, yellowish white 
pubescence, more broadly and irregularly so posteriorly ; below humerus a smaller 
velvety macula. Antennae from third segment sparsely, finely, brownish grey 
pubescent. 

Head coarsely, rather sparsely punctate ; front about as high as wide, scarcely 
narrowed between eyes; eyes with lower lobe ovate, erect, one-third taller than 
gena. Pronotum one-third wider than long, slightly narrower apically ; apical 
sulcus subobsolete, recurved medially, basal one wide and shallow ; lateral tubercles 
median, prominent, ending in a short, robust spine ; disk with five small, rounded 
tubercles, the most lateral ones smallest, entire surface coarsely, sparsely punctate. 
Elytra with basal gibbosity crested, each crest having three or four round tubercles 
which are subcontiguous ; disk at extreme base to just behind crest nearly smooth, 
thence roughly rugosely punctate to about middle, behind middle somewhat less 
roughly so ; humeri with a few granules, a distinct tubercle at angle ; apices rather 
broadly truncate. Femora and entire undersurface with coarse, rather shallow 
punctures. Antennae slightly longer than body, moderately fimbriate beneath on 
first six segments, more sparsely so on seventh and eighth, and more densely fringed 
on all apices; scape nearly attaining apical third of pronotum, robust, strongly 
clavate to apex where it suddenly expands, rugosely punctate; third segment 
feebly sinuate, one-half again as long as first ; rest gradually diminishing in length. 

Length 19 mm. ; width 6-5 mm. 

Type locality : Belgian Congo. 

DISTRIBUTION. South-eastern Belgian Congo. 

Belgian Congo: 1; 18 m. SW. of Elizabethville, Feb. 11, 1928 (H. S. Evans) 

[BM—type]. 

Remarks. This species differs from thomsoni in having the elytra strongly 
Tugosely punctate and the basal fascia much narrower. Moreover, the basal crest 
is much more prominent, bearing three or four distinct tubercles. 


. 86 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


CRIBROCHAMUS ¢en. n. 


Rather small, elongate-oblong, cylindrical forms. Head short, vertex declivous, 
uniformly punctate over entire surface ; front slightly wider than long, distinctly 
narrowed between eyes, more strongly so below ; eye with lower lobe erect, ovate, a 
little longer than gena, upper lobes scarcely wider than isthmus, separated by four 
times one of their widths ; antennal tubercles scarcely approximate at base, slightly 
prominent, strongly divergent apically ; maxillary palpi with terminal segment 
about one-third again as long as last segment of labial palpi. Pronotum distinctly 
wider across base than long, sides gradually widened anteriorly, then constricted at 
extreme apex; lateral tubercles low, placed slightly post-medially, armed with a 
blunt tooth which is directed slightly backwards ; apical and basal transverse sulci 
rather broad, indistinct ; entire disk uniformly punctate, with five low tubercles, 
the anterior two more or less obliquely transverse. Elytra with basal gibbosity 
feeble, not crested ; disk at extreme base densely granulate-punctate, at least rest 
of basal half cribrosely punctate, thence punctures apically a little finer; sides 
tapering posteriorly ; apices squarely truncate ; humerisimple. Prosternal process 
simple, mesosternal process unarmed, distinctly convex. Legs moderate in length, 
hind pair slightly longer ; femora cylindrical, feebly tapering at ends; protibiae 
unarmed in male. Antennae (male ?) slender, sixth segment attaining elytral apex, 
fimbriate very slightly on scape ; scape attaining apical third of pronotum, cylin- 
drical, feebly widened towards apex, cicatrix reaching only one-half around apex, 
small; third segment straight, three-fourths again as long as first; fourth and 
following gradually shorter (wanting from eighth). 

Type species : Monohammus cribrosus Lameere. 

REMARKS. This genus is distinguished especially by having the sides of the 
pronotum widened apically, the lateral tubercles placed slightly post-medially, the 
elytra are cribrosely punctate on basal half, and the basal gibbosity is feeble, not 
crested. The entire head and pronotum, furthermore, are densely, uniformly 
punctate ; the terminal segment of the maxillary palpi is much longer than that of 
the labial ; and the antennal scape is slender, cylindrical, with the cicatrix extending 
only about one-half around the apical margin. 


Cribrochamus cribrosus Lameere (comb. nov.) 


Monohammus cribrosus Lameere, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 62, 1893 : 45. 
Monochamus cribrosus Lameere. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944: 421. 


Male? Dark reddish brown, elytra with paler areas ; entirely covered with pale 
fulvous pubescence. Head and pronotum with glabrous punctures; front and 
genae partially glabrous ; pronotal discal tubercles partially denuded. Scutellum 
densely yellowish white pubescent. Elytra with irregular, glabrous areas, the area 
along suture irregularly, sparsely pubescent. Body beneath dark reddish brown, 
abdomen paler from third sternite ; moderately densely clothed with pale fulvous 
pubescence. Legs and antennae reddish brown, rather thinly clothed with fulvous 
pubescence. 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 87 


Head rather densely covered with moderate-sized punctures, except genae below 
eyes, which are minutely, transversely rugose and with a few coarse punctures below 
eyes ; front about one-fourth again as wide as high, narrowed between and below 
eyes ; eye with lower lobe ovate, erect, one-fourth again as tall as gena; vertex 
declivous. Pronotum distinctly wider at base than long, apex as wide as base ; 
lateral tubercles located feebly behind middle, slightly elevated, ending in a short, 
quite obtuse tooth ; disk with five scarcely elevated tubercles, the two anterior ones 
slightly obliquely transverse, punctation as that of head. Elytra granulate-punctate 
at extreme base, thence rather coarsely cribrosely punctate to behind middle, thence 
simply punctate to apex ; apices tapering, squarely, feebly truncate ; basal gibbosity 
obsolete. Antennae with seventh segment slightly surpassing apex of elytra, 
beneath feebly fimbriate ; scape reaching to apical third of pronotum, cylindrical, 
barely widened towards apex ; third segment straight, three-fourths again as long 
as first ; fourth and following gradually shorter (defective beyond eighth segment). 

Length 11 mm.; width 3-7 mm. 

Type locality : Assinie [[vory Coast]. 

DISTRIBUTION. West Africa. 

Gold Coast: 1; Ashanti [BM]. 


MACROHAMMUS Aurivillius 


Macrohammus Aurivillius, Ent. Tidsky. 7, 1886: 52. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944: 

413. 

Very large, robust, subcylindrical; head slightly elongate, vertex scarcely 
inclined ; front nearly one-half again as wide at epistoma as high, distinctly narrowed 
between eyes, widened below, nearly impunctate ; eye with lower lobe ovate, slightly 
taller than gena, isthmus subequal to upper lobes which are separated by twice 
their widths ; antennal tubercles subcontiguous at base, divergent apically, promin- 
ent. Pronotum slightly wider basally than long, scarcely narrower apically ; 
lateral tubercles median, rather broad, prominent, ending in a short, acute spine 
which is directed distinctly upward ; apical and basal sulci distinct ; disk with five 
tubercles, lateral basal ones more distinct, nearly impunctate. Scutellum narrowly 
triangular ; truncate at apex. Elytra with basal gibbosity slightly prominent, not 
crested ; disk with punctation largely concealed by pubescence ; apices broadly 
rounded or subtruncate ; humeri simply rounded. Pro- and mesosternal processes 
simple. Legs moderate in length, hind pair feebly longer ; protibiae unarmed ; 
protarsi distinctly expanded in male. Antennae about two and one-half times body 
length in male, sparsely fimbriate beneath only on scape; scape attaining apical 
quarter of pronotum, robust, distinctly clavate apically, cicatrix extending about 
two-fifths around apical margin, confined to lateral portion, distinctly rimmed, 
rather broad ; third segment robust, thicker basally, nearly straight, almost twice 
length of scape ; fourth and fifth successively longer than third ; sixth and seventh 
subequal to fifth ; remaining gradually shorter (eleventh wanting). 

Type species : Monochamus deyrollei Thomson, by monotypy. 

REMARKS. This genus is distinguished by the large size of its members, by the 


88 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


fourth and fifth antennal segments being longer than the third, by the form of the 
cicatrix, and by the nearly impunctate elytra. 


Macrohammus deyrollei Thomson 


Monochamus deyrollei Thomson, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (5) 9, 1879 : xxvi. 
Macrohammus Deyrollei Thomson. Aurivillius, Ent. Tidskr. 7, 1886: 53, fig. 1. Breuning, 
Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 414. 


Mate. Black, rather densely covered with greyish fulvous pubescence. Head 
above and frontal disk tinged with brownish. Elytra each with four to five irregular, 
partially confluent, velvety brown maculae, the ones at base and apex largest, the 
former confluent at suture. Legs black, covered with fine, yellowish grey pubescence. 
Antennae with scape piceous, rest reddish brown, entirely and very thinly covered 
with yellowish grey pubescence. 

Head minutely punctulate and with sparse, shallow punctures ; front one-half 
again as wide at epistoma as high, strongly narrowed between eyes, widened 
below, medially deeply, broadly sulcate to middle of length ; eyes with lower lobe 
ovate, slightly taller than gena. Pronotum slightly wider across base than long, 
feebly narrowed apically ; lateral tubercles broad, median, ending in a short, acute 
spine which is directed slightly upward ; apical and basal transverse sulci distinct, 
the former feebly arcuate, the latter trisinuate ; disk with five tubercles, the lateral 
basal ones more prominent than the others, finely, densely punctulate, with sparse, 
fine punctures interspersed. Elytra with basal gibbosity slightly prominent ; disk 
entirely, finely, densely punctulate, with scattered, fine punctures largely concealed 
by the pubescence ; apices separately, broadly rounded. Antennae about two and 
one-half times as long as body, with a slight fringe beneath on scape ; scape attaining 
apical fourth of pronotum, robust, distinctly clavate apically, finely punctulate ; 
third segment robust, nearly straight, thicker basally, almost twice as long as first ; 
fourth one-tenth longer than third, and fifth longer than fourth ; sixth and seventh 
subequal to fifth ; rest gradually shorter ; eleventh wanting. 

Length 42-44 mm. ; width 16-17 mm. 

Type locality : Gabon. 

DISTRIBUTION. West Central Africa. 

Cameroons: 1; no further data [NRS]. 1; Buea [NRS]. 

REMARKS. Distinguished by its large size from all other known African Mono- 
chamines. The elytral maculation, along with its nearly impunctate disk, will serve 
further to identify it. 


INSULOCHAMUS gen. n. 


Large to very large, cylindrical. Head rather elongate; front not retracted, 
subquadrate or feebly transverse, distinctly narrowed between eyes, rugose or 
moderately punctate ; eye with lower lobe oblong or broadly ovate, one and one-half 
to two times as tall as gena, isthmus about half as wide as an upper lobe, upper 
lobes separated by about one of their widths or slightly more ; antennal tubercles 
approximate at base, rather prominent, divergent apically. Pronotum slightly 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 89 


wider at base than long, visibly narrowed apically ; lateral tubercles medial, rather 
broad, prominent, armed with a rather long, blunt spine; disk with from three to 
five tubercles which are sometimes quite feeble, and with a broad median impression, 
entirely coarsely punctate, medially sometimes rugosely so ; apical sulcus shallow, 
recurved medially, basal sulcus deeper, straight. Elytra granulate-punctate on basal 
fifth or more, remainder of disk rather coarsely, moderately, confusedly punctate, 
the punctures slightly finer apically ; basal gibbosity prominent, outlined behind by 
a deep arcuate sulcus, without a crest; apices separately rounded or obliquely 
truncate ; humeri simple. Prosternal process simple, not narrow, nearly one-third 
as wide as a procoxal cavity ; mesosternal process tapering posteriorly, nearly half 
as wide as a mesocoxal cavity, feebly emarginate at apex. Legs elongate, front 
ones longest in male; metafemora attaining or surpassing the apex of the fourth 
sternite ; protibiae in male longer than femur and dentate or spined at apical third, 
rest equal to femora, as are all tibiae in female ; protarsi dilated in male. Antennae 
nearly twice as long as body in male, one-third longer in female, distinctly fimbriate 
beneath nearly to apex ; scape robust, cylindrical, sides nearly parallel, suddenly 
expanding at apex, extending to apical fourth of pronotum, cicatrix extending nearly 
two-thirds around apical margin, subequal in width throughout, except for a slight 
widening externally ; third segment straight, not swollen, from two-thirds to once 
again as long as first ; fourth robust, slightly shorter than third ; remainder gradually 
shorter, except eleventh in male, which is elongate. 

Type species : Monochamus thomensis Jordan. 

REMARKS. Very closely related to Laértochamus but the front and pronotal disk 
are rugosely sculptured ; the pronotal lateral tubercles have a long tooth at apex ; 
elytra are usually coarsely granulate-punctate at base and coarsely simply punctate 
over rest of surface ; and antennal scape is more elongate. Both genera are some- 
what related to Leprodera but differ in the form of the scape and in the pronotal 
spine being at the middle. 


KEY TO SPECIES 


I. Pronotum each side with a broad fulvous vitta above lateral tubercles . fulvisparsus 
Pronotum with a short glabrous vitta above each lateral tubercle : ; 2 
2. Elytra with granulation moderate in size, along middle of disk extending to centre 
of elytron ; Annobon Island . 2 : annobonae 
Elytra with granulation coarse, at middle of disk terminating at basal fifth ; St. 
Thomas Island . ‘ ; : . : ‘ : é : . thomensis 


Insulochamus thomensis Jordan (comb. nov.) 


Monochamus thomensis Jordan, Novit. zool. 10, 1902: 193. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 
1944: 418. 
MALE. Piceous, elytra sometimes slightly paler. Head and pronotum rather 
sparsely covered with brownish tawny pubescence; the former touched with 


ochraceous behind eyes above and below ; the latter with a narrow, indistinct vitta 
medially of the same colour, and with a short glabrous vitta above each lateral 


go LAWRENCE 5S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


tubercle. Scutellum dull ochraceous. Elytra sparsely, finely, dark brown pub- 
escent, giving the appearance of being nearly glabrous, and with more or less reticular 
patches of dull fulvous, forming very irregular fasciae before and behind the middle ; 
at base irregularly ochraceous pubescent. Body beneath very sparsely brownish 
fulvous pubescent ; broadly ochraceous on mesosternum, on mesosternal side-pieces 
and first several sternites of abdomen. Legs piceous, tibiae and tarsi slightly paler ; 
very finely, sparsely fulvous-grey pubescent. Antennae piceous, becoming dark 
reddish brown from third segment ; scape sparsely brownish grey pubescent, from 
third pubescence denser and fulvous-brown. 

Head above minutely alutaceous and with coarse, scattered punctures; genae 
behind eye with coarse punctures; front feebly transverse, slightly constricted 
between eyes, coarsely, sparsely punctate ; eye with lower lobe feebly transverse, 
about one-half again as tall as gena. Pronotum narrowed apically, slightly wider 
at base than long ; lateral tubercles medial, broad, ending in a short, obtuse spine ; 
apical and basal sulci rather deep, the former recurved medially ; disk with three 
tubercles, the median one elongate, somewhat rugose, moderately densely punctate. 
Elytra near extreme base granulate, granules moderate in size, not densely placed, 
thence granulate-punctate to basal fifth, punctures simple and finer to apex ; apices 
subtruncate. Antennae twice as long as body, sparsely fimbriate on basal first three 
segments and on ninth and basal half of eleventh, much more densely so on remaining 
segments except tenth and apical half of eleventh, which are devoid of fringe ; scape 
roughly rugose, feebly clavate apically, attaining apical third of pronotum ; third 
segment straight or nearly so, not quite twice as long as scape ; fourth nearly one- 
half again as long as first ; rest gradually shorter, except eleventh which is longer 
than third, arcuate. 

FEMALE. More robust; nearly uniformly, densely, fulvous-ochraceous pubescent, 
on elytra clouded irregularly with dark brown; body beneath more densely pub- 
escent than in male, as are the legs ; antennae more or less annulate on basal half 
of third and following segments. Antennae one-third longer than body, third 
segment three-fifths again as long as first, rest successively shorter, except eleventh 
which is slightly longer than tenth. 

Length 14-308 mm. ; width 4:5-1I mm. 

Type locality : St. Thomas Island. 

DISTRIBUTION. St. Thomas and Prince’s Islands. 

St. Thomas Island: 2; no further data[EFG]. 2; Agua-Ize, Dec., 1900 (L. Fea) 

[NRS]. 1; Vista Alegre, Sept.—Oct., r9g00 (L. Fea) [NRS]. 
Prince’s Island: 1; no further data [EFG]. 
REMARKS. This species is remarkable for the sexual differences in coloration. 


Insulochamus annobonae Aurivillius (comb. nov.) 


Monochamus annobonae Aurivillius, Ann. Mus. Stor. nat. Genova, 52, 1928 : 478. Breuning, Nov. 
Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 419. 


Mate. Fuscous, rather densely covered with dingy ashy pubescence. Head 
with four small, triangular, glabrous maculae on occiput. Pronotum with pub- 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION  g1 


escence tinged with fuscous at middle and below lateral tubercles, with three short, 
glabrous vittae, the median one very fine, the others broader, placed above the 
lateral tubercles, and with two small, rounded, glabrous maculae, one each side just 
before middle. Scutellum with pubescence irregularly denser in places, especially 
in a broad area at base and a narrow one behind middle and on apical third. Body 
beneath, legs, and antennae fuscous, rather sparsely and uniformly covered with 
fine, silky, brown-grey pubescence, the tarsi ashy pubescent ; antennae with apical 
segments a little paler. 

Head above minutely alutaceous, medially with a broad patch of rather coarse 
punctures, genae behind eyes coarsely punctate ; front feebly transverse, slightly 
narrowed between eyes, uniformly sparsely, coarsely punctate ; eye with lower lobe 
two-thirds again the length of gena, slightly transverse. Pronotum tapering apically, 
distinctly wider across base than long ; lateral tubercles placed at middle, broad, 
moderately elevated, ending in a short, subacute spine ; apical and basal transverse 
sulci entire, rather deep, both recurved medially, apical one more strongly so ; disk 
with five feeble tubercles, the two lateral ones subobsolete, the median one most 
prominent and largest, with scattered, rather fine punctures, especially towards 
sides. Elytra at extreme base with rather dense, fine granules which become 
granulate-punctures and then quite dense, coarser, simple punctures, diminishing 
suddenly in size behind apical third, the granulations continuing almost to middle ; 
apices separately, broadly rounded. Antennae twice body length, fifth segment 
attaining elytral apex, very sparsely fimbriate beneath on basal six segments, then 
much more densely so to apex ; scape feebly, gradually clavate apically, attaining 
apical third of pronotum, roughly, rugosely punctate and minutely, densely punctu- 
late ; third segment two-thirds again as long as first, nearly straight ; fourth two- 
fifths again as long as scape ; remaining gradually shorter, except eleventh which is 
as long as third. 

Length 26 mm. ; width 8 mm. 

Type locality : Annobon Island. 

DIsTRIBUTION. Annobon Island. 

Annobon Island; 1; May, 1902 (L. Fea) [NRS—type]. 

REMARKS. The male of this species resembles somewhat the female of thomensis 
but is dull ashy pubescent, not fulvous, and the punctation of the elytra is denser, 
much finer, and more strongly granulose, the granules attaining the middle. The 
fimbriation of the antennae is also unique. 


Insulochamus fulvisparsus Gahan (comb. nov.) 


Monohammus fulvisparsus Gahan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 2, 1888 : 395. 
Monochamus fulvisparsus Gahan. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 419. 


Mate. Piceous; head and pronotum sparsely covered with fine, fulvous pubes- 
cence, which is condensed to form a margin around eyes, and on the pronotum to 
form a fine vitta medially and a broad one each side, not attaining apex. Scutellum 
densely, fulvous pubescent, much more sparsely so medially. Elytra very sparsely, 
finely, dark brown pubescent, and with minute reticulating patches of fulvous 


92 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


pubescence, these patches are quite sparse in places, leaving a dark band behind 
middle. Body beneath grey-fulvous pubescent; prosternum with a densely 
pubescent vitta antero-laterad of each coxa. Legs and antennae piceous, the 
latter slightly paler from third segment, sparsely covered with brownish tawny 
pubescence ; legs sparsely grey-tawny, the tarsi entirely grey pubescent. 

Head minutely alutaceous, with a few punctate rugae above ; genae behind eyes 
coarsely punctate ; front subquadrate, sides nearly parallel, densely, nearly scab- 
rosely punctate ; eye with lower lobe quadrate, with angles rounded, one-half 
again as tallas gena. Pronotum distinctly wider at base than long, visibly narrower 
apically ; lateral tubercles broad, moderately elevated, with a long, obtuse spine at 
apex ; apical and basal sulci shallow, the former broad, recurved medially, with a 
second entire sulcus near each margin; disk with three feeble, broad tumosities, 
the median one placed more basad, basal half and bases of lateral tubercles with 
moderately coarse punctures, a few transverse rugosities on median tumescence and 
cephalad of it. Scutellum strongly depressed medially. Elytra basally with 
moderately dense, large granules, thence becoming first granulate-punctures, then 
coarse punctures which diminish in size apically ; humeri rounded ; apices feebly 
obliquely truncate. Antennae imperfect, lacking segments beyond fourth, fimbriate 
through fourth ; scape gradually clavate, reaching to apical two-fifths of pronotum, 
roughly rugosely punctate ; third segment straight, finely, densely punctate, feebly 
rugose on basal half, not tumid, twice as long as scape. 

Length 28 mm.: width 9 mm. 

Type locality : Congo. 

DISTRIBUTION. Belgian Congo. 

Belgian Congo: 1; no further data [BM—type]. 

REMARKS. The fulvous vittae on the pronotum and the minute, fulvous, réticular 
maculae on the elytra, plus the presence of two grey fulvous vittae on the prosternum, 
will amply distinguish this form. 


QUASIOCHAMUS gen. n. 


Moderate-sized, cylindrical beetles, with head slightly elongate; front not 
retracted, feebly transverse, slightly narrowed between eyes ; impunctate or with 
a few coarse punctures ; eyes with lower lobe ranging from one and one-third to 
nearly two times as tall as gena, oblong or obliquely ovate, isthmus at least half as 
wide as upper lobe, upper lobes separated by at least once their width ; antennal 
tubercles subapproximate at base, strongly divergent, prominent. Pronotum 
quadrate or scarcely elongate, base and apex subequal ; lateral tubercles median, 
broad, with a short, obtuse tooth at apex ; disk with three feebly elevated tubercles ; 
apical and basal sulci very shallow, former recurved medially, not forming a deep 
impression at middle, surface very sparsely punctate, especially basally. Elytra 
subcristate on base, with one or more granules on the elevation ; sparsely, finely 
granulate on basal fifth, remainder of surface simply, subseriately punctate ; humeri 
with a small tubercle at angle ; apices obliquely, rather narrowly truncate ; sides 
rather strongly attenuate from behind middle in male, slightly less strongly so in 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 93 


female. Prosternal process simple, between one-fifth and one-third as.broad as a 
procoxal cavity ; mesosternal process around one-fourth as broad as a mesocoxal 
cavity, feebly tapering to, and subtruncate at, apex. Front legs longest in male ; 
femora rather slender, cylindrical, narrowed basally ; metafemora nearly attaining 
apex of fourth sternite; tibiae as long or feebly longer than femora; _protarsi 
feebly dilated and fringed in male. Antennae in male twice length of body, in female 
one-fourth again as long as body, slightly fimbriate to fourth or fifth segment ; 
scape short, extending scarcely beyond apex of pronotum, robust, gradually thickened 
from base to apex, cicatrix extending more than two-third around apical margin, 
moderately wide, slightly wider laterally ; third segment feebly robust, nearly straight 
or strongly bisinuous, from one and three-quarters to more than twice length of 
scape ; fourth feebly shorter than third ; fifth and following segments either sub- 
equal or feebly diminishing in length. 

Type species: Monohammus nigrofasciatus Aurivillius. 

REMARKS. Most closely related to Neochamus, this genus is distinguished in 
having the head much longer and the pronotum less strongly transverse, with the 
disk bearing only three tubercles and being very sparsely punctate. Moreover, the 
antennae have the third segment more elongate and the lower lobe of the eye is taller. 


KEY TO SPECIES 


1. Elytra at base with a large, common, fuscous area. ' - : . adamitus 
Elytra without a common, fuscous area at base . 2 

2, Elytra with a moderately wide, pale fascia just behind middie, rest of apex dark 
pubescent . . ; : ‘ : . balteatus 
Elytra with entire apical third pale pubescent ; : 3 ‘ . nigrofasciatus 


— Quasiochamus nigrofasciatus Aurivillius (comb. nov.) 


Monohammus nigrofasciatus Aurivillius, Ark. Zool. 8 (29), 1914: 14. 
Monochamus nigrofasciatus Aurivillius. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 423. 


Mate. Head and pronotum piceous, rather densely, greyish brown pubescent ; 
eye outlined with fulvous. Pronotum usually with three denuded, black maculae 
on disk. Scutellum fulvous pubescent, pubescence much sparser medially. Elytra 
reddish brown, brownish fulvous pubescent ; at middle each with a broad, oblique, 
dark brown fascia, joining at suture, its margins very irregular, forming small 
maculae and with several brownish fulvous maculae along its borders also; on 
apical fourth several small, irregular, dark brown maculae along suture and lateral 
margins. Body beneath dark reddish brown, apical margins of sternites paler, 
densely covered with brownish fulvous pubescence. Legs and antennae reddish 
brown, the former densely covered with greyish brown pubescence ; tarsi somewhat 
cinereous pubescent ; antennae with bases of segments cinereous and brown varie- 
gated, apices darker brown pubescent. 

Head minutely alutaceous, sometimes with a few coarse, deep punctures ; front 
subquadrate, sides subparallel ; eyes with lower lobes quadrate, one-half again as 
tall as gena. Pronotum quadrate; lateral tubercles placed at middle, broad, 


94 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON ° 


ending in a short, obtuse spine ; basal and apical sulci shallow, the latter recurved 
medially ; disk with three feebly elevated, rounded tubercles, the median one placed 
posteriorly, more elongate, entire surface and bases of lateral tubercles with a few 
coarse, scattered punctures. Elytra at extreme base midway between scutellum 
and humeri with an elevated cluster of several granules; basal gibbosity feeble, 
with a row of coarse granules medially ; disk with basal fifth moderately granulate- 
punctate, thence with rather coarse, dense punctures which become finer apically ; 
humeri with a small, rounded tubercle at apex; apex rather narrowly, obliquely 
truncate. Antennae (wanting beyond seventh segment) with the sixth segment 
attaining elytral apex, first four segments rather densely fimbriate ; scape robust, 
only feebly widening to apex, minutely, densely punctate, just surpassing apex of 
pronotum ; third segment robust, arcuate, more than twice, and fourth slightly less 
than twice, as long as first ; fifth to seventh segments subequal, feebly shorter than 
fourth. 

Length 14-20 mm. ; width 4:5-5:2 mm. 

Type locality : Uganda: Entebbe. 

DISTRIBUTION. Eastern Belgian Congo and Uganda. 

Belgian Congo: 1; Ibembu, Upper Itemtiri, Aug. 1-15, 1890 (Duvivier) [NRS]. 
1; Arn [SM]. 1; Ukaika, Dec., r910 (Grauer) [VM]. 1; Niapu, 26° 48’ E., 
2° 15'N., Jan., 1914 [AMNH]. 

REMARKS. This species, besides its distinctive maculation, is distinguished by 
the three flat tubercles of, the pronotal disk, by the granules being in a crest-like 
cluster at middle of extreme base of elytra, by the elytral apices being narrowly 
truncate, and by the antennal formula. 


Quasiochamus balteatus Aurivillius (comb. nov.) 


Monochamus balieatus Aurivillius, Ent. Tidskr. 24, 1903:268. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 

3 (2), 1944 : 423. 

Mate.’ Head and pronotum black, elytra dark reddish brown, entirely covered 
with dense, dark brown pubescence. Head above often with an indistinct fuscous 
macula behind each eye; front laterally indistinctly margined with golden brown 
pubescence. Pronotum on sides and irregularly on disk with golden brown pub- 
escence ; disk with three rather large, denuded maculae arranged in the form of an 
inverted triangle, the median one often elongated. Scutellum narrowly margined 
with fulvous. Elytra irregularly varied with golden brown or fulvous pubescence ; 
at apical third each with a large, transverse, irregular, dingy whitish macula which 
is somewhat interrupted by dark brown, rounded maculae. Body beneath and legs 
densely covered with orange-brown pubescence. Antennae dark reddish brown, 
gradually paler apically, sparsely greyish brown pubescent, the pubescence somewhat 
darker on apices of segments. 

Head entirely impunctate or with a very few fine punctures above and on front ; 
front about one-fifth wider than long, gradually narrowed between eyes ; eye with 
lower lobe oblong, nearly twice genal height. Pronotum slightly longer than wide 
across base; apical and basal sulci obsolete; lateral tubercles rather small but 


THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 95 


prominent, ending in a robust, obtuse tooth; disk nearly impunctate, with a few 
coarse punctures apically and on sides, with three low tubercles, the posterior median 
one much larger than the others. Elytra with basal gibbosity feeble, at anterior 
margin of each a single, rather large tubercle ; disk on basal sixth rather sparsely, 
finely granulate-punctate, punctures thence rather coarse, more or less subseriate, 
becoming finer to apex ; apices rather broadly, obliquely truncate to suture ; humeri 
at angle with a rather distinct tubercle. Antennae over twice body length, with a 
long fringe beneath to middle of sixth segment ; scape robust, strongly narrowed at 
base, reaching very slightly beyond pronotal apex ; third segment bisinuate, not 
quite twice length of first ; fourth and following segments gradually decreasing in 
length, eleventh missing. 

FEMALE. Asin male but antennae only one-fourth again as long as body, fimbriate 
to seventh or eighth segment, third segment only half again as long as first, arcuate. 

Length 16-18 mm. ; width 5-5-6 mm. 

Type locality : Cameroons. 

DISTRIBUTION. The Cameroons. 

Cameroons: 1 ; no further data [NRS—type]. 1; North Cameroon (L. Conradt) 

[DET]. 

REMARKS. This species is distinguished by the three denuded maculae on the 

pronotum and by the transverse whitish maculae at apical third of the elytra. 


Quasiochamus adamitus adamitus Thomson (comb. nov.) 


Monochamus adamitus Thomson, Arch. Ent. 1, 1857: 293. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2). 

1944 : 425. 

MALE. Head piceous, pronotum and elytra dark reddish brown. Head and 
pronotum rather densely greyish brown pubescent, the former with eye margined 
narrowly with deep fulvous, frontal sutures narrowly vittate with the same colour ; 
front with three glabrous maculae arranged in the form of a triangle. Scutellum 
fuscous, broadly margined with dull ochraceous. Elytra rather densely covered 
with dull grey and brown variegated pubescence ; base with a common, fuscous, 
triangular macula, its apex attaining basal quarter of suture ; humeri anteriorly 
margined with dull ochraceous, beneath with a small fuscous macula ; disk with an 
oblique band of dull brown at middle, widest laterally, tapering to suture, on apical 
quarter dull brown pubescent, this area sometimes joined by the median fascia ; 
entire surface including fasciae sprinkled with more or less rounded, fuscous maculae. 
Body beneath and legs rather densely covered with golden brown pubescence. 
Antennae dark reddish brown, apical segments slightly paler, rather sparsely clothed 
with golden brown pubescence. 

Head above minutely alutaceous, with a few coarse punctures along median line ; 
front one-fifth wider than long, feebly narrowed between eyes, with a few coarse 
punctures ; eye with lower lobe obliquely ovate, nearly twice as tall as gena. 
Pronotum about as wide at base as long; lateral tubercles medial, moderately 
elevated, ending in an obtuse tooth; apical and basal sulci broad, shallow, apical 
one recurved medially ; disk with three tubercles, median one broad, elongate, the 

ENTOM. IT, 3. 5 


96 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON 


two anterior ones small, rounded, with scattered, coarse punctures on entire surface 
including lateral tubercles. Elytra each with a feeble gibbosity at base, on apex of 
which is a row of not prominent granules, basal fifth of disk with smaller granules, 
rest of surface coarsely punctate, punctures becoming somewhat finer apically ; 
humeri with a small, rounded tubercle at angle ; apices obliquely truncate. Anten- 
nae two and a fourth times as long as body, feebly fimbriate beneath on the first 
three segments, somewhat more densely so at apex of third ; scape robust, gradually 
clavate to apex, finely and densely punctulate, attaining apical fifth or sixth of 
pronotum ; third segment twice as long as first, straight, not tumid ; fourth one- 
sixth shorter than third ; rest gradually shorter, except seventh and eleventh, each 
of which is nearly equal to fourth in length. 

Length 12-15-3 mm. ; width 4-5 mm. 

Type locality : “‘ Singapore ’’ [in error]. 

DISTRIBUTION. Sierra Leone. 

Sierra Leone: 2; no further data [BM]. 

No locality data: 1; Sharp collection [BM]. 

REMARKS. While superficially resembling M. nyassensis, this species is not closely 
related to that one. The head here is impunctate behind eyes; the eye is much 
larger ; the pronotum is nearly quite as long as wide at base and has but three 
discal tubercles; and the elytra have a few scattered, round, fuscous maculae 
instead of the irregular-shaped mottling of the South African species. 


Quasiochamus adamitus balfour-brownei subsp. n. 


MALE. As in nymotype but pubescence of upper surface cinereous ; legs more 
grey-brown pubescent ; antennae distinctly cinereous, annulated on basal two-thirds 
of segments beginning with the third ; elytra with a few more fuscous maculae. 

Length 15°5 mm.; width 5-2 mm. 

Holotype: g; SENEGAL: (ex Mus. Laferté) BM. 1905-100, Bocandé [BM]. 

ReMArRKS. This fine form is dedicated to Mr. Balfour-Browne who co-operated 
with the authors very generously throughout the preparation of this paper. 


Quasiochamus adamitus patriciae subsp. n. 


MALE. As in the nymotype, but the general body pubescence is a deeper brown. 
Elytra with median fascia indistinct, only feebly darker than that of rest of surface, 
the brownish apical area indistinct, nearly lacking, basal band extending beyond 
basal quarter of suture. Scutellum entirely pale pubescent except for a small dark 
macula at extreme base. Head lacking coarse punctures on vertex and on front. 

Length 16-5 mm. ; width 5 mm. 

Holotype: ¢; GoLp Coast, July 24, 1945 (G. H. Thompson) BM. 1948-165 [BM]. 

REMARKS. This species is named for our daughter in recognition of her services 
in our entomological endeavours. 


ie 


pee | 
, 


N GREAT 


2 


‘BARTHOLOMEW PRESS, DORKIN 


Miss L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS 
TO NEW GUINEA 


TRICHOPTERA 


D. E. KIMMINS 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 4 
LONDON : 1962 


Miss L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS 
TO NEW GUINEA 


TRICHOPTERA 


BY 


D. E. KIMMINS 
vA 
British Museum (Natural History) 


Pp. 97-187 ; 74 Text-figures 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 4 
LONDON : 1962 


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This paper is Vol. 11, No. 4 of the Entomological 
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Miss L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS 
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TRICHOPTER:A 


By D. E. KIMMINS 


SYNOPSIS 


This paper is based upon material collected by Miss L. E. Cheesman, 1933-34, 1936 and 
1938. Fifty-one new species are described, in nine families, and keys are given to the Papuan 
species of the genera Chimarra, Polycentropus, Oecetis and Triaenodes. 


THE greater part of the material upon which this paper is based was collected by 
Miss L. E. Cheesman on her expeditions to New Guinea in 1933-34, 1936 and 1938, 
to which has been added such other unidentified material in the British Museum from 
New Guinea. Some explanation is due for the long delay in working out these 
collections, which were received by the British Museum before the war by my late 
colleague Mr. M. E. Mosely. He was proposing to work on them but on hearing from 
Dr. G. Ulmer of his work on a large collection of Trichoptera from the Lesser Sunda 
Islands, Mosely decided to put the Papuan material on one side until the completion 
of Dr. Ulmer’s work. The war delayed the publication of Ulmer’s papers and 
Mosely died before they were completed. 

Miss Cheesman was not in any way specialising in the collection of Trichoptera, 
but in spite of this, she has succeeded in bringing the total of species for New Guinea 
up to eighty-six, of which some fifty are here described as new to science. This 
number is probably only a fraction of the total fauna, since comparatively little work 
has been done on the Trichoptera of this area, and consequently it is not surprising 
that many species appear to be endemic. In our present state of knowledge, one 
cannot say much about the origin of the Papuan Trichopterous fauna, other than 
that there are affinities with the faunas of Australia, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Borneo 
and the Sunda Islands. 

The author would like to express to Miss Cheesman his thanks for the oppor- 
tunity to work on this material. The types of all new species are deposited in the 
British Museum (Natural History) and all material was collected by Miss Cheesman 
unless otherwise stated. Names of species not collected by Miss Cheesman are 
enclosed within square brackets. 

ENTOM, II, 4. 5 


100 D. E. KIMMINS 


Family RHYACOPHILIDAE 
Subfamily HYDROBIOSINAE 
Percivalia papuana sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 1-2) 

Papua: Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1936, I g, 2 &. 

6. General colour fulvous, with sparse fuscous hairs on head and thorax. Eyes black. 
Wings of holotype rather denuded. In the fore wing, cell R, has a short footstalk, cell Ry 
sessile. Discoidal cell closed. In the hind wing cells R,, Ry M,, and Cu, all with footstalks. 

9. Wings pale fuscous, with upstanding fuscous and golden hairs on the veins of the fore 


wing. The marginal fringe of the latter is fuscous, with golden spots on the apices of the veins. 
Venation much as in male. 


a of 


——— 


Fic. 1. Percivalia papuana sp.n. g Wings. 


6 GENITALIA. Fifth segment with short lateral filaments. There is a long, slender ventral 
process on the sixth segment but the seventh is practically unarmed. The ventral process of 
the sixth segment terminates in a few small, black, peg-like teeth. Ninth segment short, its 
ventral margin excised at its centre. The tenth segment is fused to the ninth, extending as 
a moderately elongate, narrow tube. Cercus small and rounded. Paracercus short and bifid. 
Filicercus long and slender, slightly clavate at its apex. Aedeagus short, cylindrical, its base 
encircled by a sclerotized sleeve, whose lower apical margin projects downwards on each side 
of the aedeagus in a flattened claw. Clasper about as long as tenth segment, narrowed a little 
at its base, in side view with its lower margin dilated before the apex, which is excised in ventral 
view. 

Q Genitalia. A long, slender ventral process, terminating in black, peg-like teeth, on the 
fifth abdominal segment and a short, pointed process on the sixth. Seventh sternite with its 
apical margin in side view produced in a rounded lobe. Eighth segment partially divided into 
tergite and sternite, the tergite overlapping the sternite. Ninth tergite with its lower apical 


MISS L, E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 10x 


angles produced in rounded lobes, its sternite more or less fused to apex of eighth. Tenth 
segment represented by a pair of small, rounded plates, each carrying a two-segmented cercus, 
terminal segment minute. In the allotype there is a pair of membranous fingers below the 


Fic. 2. Percivalia papuana sp. n. Genitalia. a, 3, lateral; B, g, aedeagus, lateral; c, 
6, ventral process of sixth abdominal segment, lateral ; p, 3, ninth segment, claspers and 
aedeagus, ventral ; E, 9, fifth to tenth abdominal segments, lateral ; F, ?, eighth to tenth 
segments, lateral; G, 9, eighth to tenth segments, ventral. 


cerci, possibly accidentally extruded, which are not figured. Internal structure indistinct, 
semi-membranous, its shape indicated in the ventral view. 
Length of fore wing, 3, 1o mm., 9, 11 mm. 


6 HoLotyPe pinned, abdomen in glycerine, one pair of wings mounted dry, 
2 allotype pinned, abdomen in glycerine, and 9 paratype. I was at first inclined 


102 D. E. KIMMINS 


to place this species in Taschorema, which it resembles in the form of the male 
genitalia, but the absence in the male of a scale-patch in the cubito-anal area of 
the hind wing, the presence of a footstalk to cell R, in the same wing and the absence 
of a ventral process to the seventh abdominal segment all suggest Percivalia. It 
differs from other species of Percivalia (= Notiobiosis Mosely partim) in the presence 
of short lateral filaments to the fifth segment. I am unable to say whether there 
are any eversible scent-organs between the second and third abdominal segments, 
as this area was damaged in the holotype. 


Family GLOSSOSOMATIDAE 
Subfamily GLOSSOSOMATINAE 
Synagapetus ulmeri Ross 


Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vii-ix.1933, 38 3. 
Previously recorded from New Guinea. 


Synagapetus sp. 


Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vii-ix. 1933, 86 9. 

It is probable that the majority of these females are S. ulmeri Ross, but as there 
are two males of another species from the same locality, it seems unwise to determine 
them specifically. 


Synagapetus jafiwi Ross 


DutcH NEw GUINEA: Cyclops Mts., Sabron, Camp 2, 2,000 ft., vii. 1936, 8 J, 
122; Mt. Cyclops, 3,500 ft., 111.1936, I 3. 
Previously recorded from New Guinea. 


Synagapetus productus sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 3) 
Papua : Kokoda, 1,200 ft., ix.1933, 2 ¢. 


General colour dark fulvous, head and thorax with pale golden hairs. Antenna stout, 
ochraceous at its base, becoming fuscous towards the apex. Eyes black. Palpifuscous. Legs 
fulvous, with fuscous spurs. Wings pale fuscous, anterior with a darker fuscous patch at the 
base of the stigma, pubescence fuscous. 

6 GeEniTaALiA. In general pattern resembling S. jafiwi Ross. There is a strong, slender 
process to the sixth sternite. Tenth segment long, extending beyond the apex of the clasper. 
It consists of a pair of thin, convex plates with membrane between them, in side view tapering 
to an obliquely truncate apex, which carries an acute, outwardly and basally directed tooth. 
Lower margins of tenth segment sinuous in side view, curving inwards and overlapping each 
other beneath the aedeagus. Cercus short, narrow, laterally compressed and slightly down- 
curved. Aedeagus long and slender, bearing a pair of asymmetric spines at its base, one slender, 
the other flattened and sinuous. There is a finger-like projection about half-way and within 
are two short, curved spines. Clasper moderately long, in side view tapering and curving up- 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 103 
ward from a broad base to a rounded apex. From beneath, it is straight, diverging and slightly 


tapering. The outer apical angle ends in a short finger and there is a small black tooth on the 
inner margin just before the apex. 


Length of fore wing, 3 mm. 


Fic. 3. Synagapetus productus sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, aedeagus, lateral; c, 
dorsal ; p, left clasper, ventral. 


g HoLotyPe pinned, ¢ paratype, from which the illustrations have been made, 
lacking one fore wing and one hind wing, abdomen in glycerine. This species is 
closely related to S. jafiwi Ross. It differs from that species in the more elongate, 
tapering tenth segment, which exceeds the claspers, and in the narrower cercus. 


Family HYDROPTILIDAE 
Orthotrichia obscura sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 4) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., ix.1933, I d. 


The pinned example was badly rubbed and has been made into a microscope preparation. 


All that can be said of its general appearance is that it was brownish. Antennae incomplete. 
In the fore wing, R, arises from R, in the normal manner. 


6 GENITALIA. Sixth segment with a short, acute ventral process. 
membranous, fused to the ninth and somewhat asymmetric. Aedeagus with apex broken off 
in the holotype, probably long and slender. There is a curled spine arising about midway, 
directed caudad but direction may be variable. Alongside the aedeagus is a short, stout, 
sinuous spine, directed caudad. Claspers fused beneath to make a trapezoidal plate, tapering 
from base to apex in ventral view, slightly upcurved in side view. From beneath, the apex is 


Tenth segment semi- 


104 D. E. KIMMINS 


sinuously excised. At the base of the fused claspers, on the upper surface, is a trilobed plate, 
extending basally in a long, slender apodeme. The outer lobes are transparent, stout and 
digitate, each armed with a terminal bristle. The median lobe is more sclerotized, forming an 
arched, spatulate plate, longer than the side lobes. Apical margin of the ninth sternite with a 
quadrate excision at the centre. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 2-7 mm. 


‘Fic. 4. Orthotrichia obscura sp.n. g. A, wings; B, genitalia, lateral; c, tenth segment, 
dorsal ; pb, claspers, ventral. 


g HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations, one hind wing missing. This 
species differs from O. kokodana sp. n. in the more completely fused, trapezoidal 
claspers, the shorter, sinuous spine alongside the aedeagus, R, arising from R, in the 
fore wing and Cu, unforked in the hind wing. 


Orthotrichia kokodana sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 5) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vili.1933, I d. 


The pinned example was badly rubbed and all that can be said of its general appearance 
is that it was fuscous, with pale golden hairs on head and thorax. The antennae are incomplete. 
In the fore wing, R, arises from the stem of R,,, and in the hind wing, Cu, terminates in a small 
fork. 

6 GENITALIA. Sixth sternite with a small, acute ventral process. Ninth segment somewhat 
asymmetric, tenth segment fused to it, short, with a small excision on the left side, partly 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 105 


separating it from the ninth. Aedeagus very long and slender, with a basally directed spiral 

tube encircling it about midway. Alongside the aedeagus is a long spiral spine, its apex pro- 

jecting beyond the ninth segment. Claspers small, fused, in ventral view with their outer apical 

angles produced in short, blunt fingers. Above their fused bases arises a bilobed structure, each 

lobe carrying a single bristle, the structure extending basally in a long, slender apodeme. 
Length of fore wing, g, 2:7 mm. 


$ HoLotyPE mounted as a microscope preparation. At first I thought that this 
species would require a new genus, based upon the difference in venation from the 


Fic. 5. Orthotrichia kokodana sp. n. g. A, wings; B, genitalia, lateral; c, ninth and 
tenth tergites, dorsal ; p, claspers, ventral. 


typical Orthotrichia wing. The male genitalia, too, are less asymmetric than is usual 
in this genus. Examination of other non-European species of Orthotrichia revealed 
that O. moselyi Tjeder from Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and O. sanya Mosely from Lake 
Nyasa both showed venation agreeing with O. kokodana, both have black scales on 
the costa of the fore wing and both have fairly asymmetric genitalia typical of 
Orthotricha. 1 attach more importance to the similarity of the male genitalia than 
to the difference in venation, especially in such insects as the Hydroptilidae, where 
the narrowing of the wings has made the interpretation of the veins very much a 
matter of opinion at times. In Ulmer’s key to the Hydroptilidae of the Sunda Islands, 
this species tuns out to Javanotrichia but differs in having M,,, in the hind wing not 
attached to R,,;. 


106 D. E. KIMMINS 


There is a single female from the same locality, dated vii.1933, which may belong 
to this species. In the fore wing, FR, arises from the stem of R,,,. With so little 
material I shall do no more than mention it. 


Hydroptila bispina sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 6-7) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., ix.1933, 32 d. 


General appearance dull ochraceous, fore wing pale fuscous, with patches of ochraceous 
pubescence. Head with the usual pyriform scent-organ caps, within which (in a cleared example) 


Fic. 6. Hydroptila bispina sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth tergites, 
dorsal ; c, ninth sternite and claspers, ventral. 


can be seen a small, membranous scent-organ. Antennae with about thirty-five segments. 
Venation typical of Hydroptila. 

6 GENITALIA. Seventh segment with a small, acute ventral process. Ninth segment excised 
laterally, with a digitate side-piece arising from the base of the excision. In dorsal view, this 
side-piece is triangular. Ventral apical margin of segment produced on each side in a slender 
finger. Ventral surface of segment bears a small, acute, keel-like process. Tenth segment 
elongate, trilobed, median lobe rounded apically, lateral lobes spiniform, longer than median, 
apices slender and slightly upcurved. Aedeagus long and slender, with a small, terminal hook. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 107 


Claspers elongate, narrow, in side view each somewhat clavate apically, upper margin armed 
with peg-like teeth. Arising above the bases of the claspers is a tapering plate, about as long 
as the claspers and bearing two teeth on its lower surface. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 2-3 mm. 


3g HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparation. This species is related to Hydrop- 
tila triloba Kimmins (Guadalcanal) in the general structure of the male genitalia. It 
may be distinguished by the longer, spiniform lateral lobes of the tenth segment and 
the narrower, clavate claspers. 


Fic. 7. Hydroptila ?bispina sp. n. 2 Genitalia, ventral. 


Amongst a number of female Hydroptilidae from Kokoda are four examples of a 
Hydroptila, which may well be the female of H. bispina. There is a distinctive 
subgenital plate on the eighth sternite, apical margin triangularly produced, basal 
margin indicated by a thickened line in the chitin, broadly rounded. The subgenital 
plate is set with bristles and it covers a long, slender tube, extending basally. 


Family PHILOPOTAMIDAE 


This family is represented in Miss Cheesman’s collection by fifteen males and a 
number of females, belonging to the genus Chimarra. This genus is proving to contain 
a large number of species and the Papuan region is no exception, since these fifteen 
males belong to no less than nine species, all of which appear to be undescribed. 
Some of the species appear to be closely allied and since two stations in the Cyclops 
Mountains have produced seven species, it has not been found possible to associate 
females with males with any certainty. One species had already been described from 
New Guinea by Navas but I have not been able to identify his species with any of 
those collected by Miss Cheesman. 


108 D. E. KIMMINS 


Kry to MALES oF Chimarra SPECIES FROM NEW GUINEA 


1 In hind wing, R, and R; remain fused. Ninth eel produced dorsally in two 


strong processes . : . cyclopica sp. n. 
- In hind wing, R, and R, separate. Ninth segment not so produced : 2 
2 In fore wing, Rs arises distinctly basad of base of thyridial cell, which is itself distad of 

intercubital cross-vein (acc. to Navas’ figure) . ‘ .  loriana Navas 
— In fore wing, Rs arises at or distad of base of thyridial els which is basad of inter- 

cubital cell . : 3 


3 Ventral process of ninth segment forming a slender finger, clavate i in n side view. Loop 
of 2A in hind wing incomplete 
- Ventral process shorter, triangular in side view, keel- like. Loop of 2A in hind wing 


complete ‘ : 6 
4 Clasper in side view quadrate, about one and a half times as long as s broad, its upper 

apical angle extended in a long, slender finger . : ; . papuana sp. n. 
— Clasper more elongately quadrate, with a short apical finger, or r else gradually tapering 

from base to apex . 5 
5 Clasper i in side view parallel-sided for most of its length, upper apical angle terminat- 

ing in a short, curved finger . F ‘ .  schmidi sp. n. 
— Clasper in side view tapering from base to apex, abruptly angled downwards shortly 

before apex . , . .  sabrona sp. n. 
6 Lateral lobes of tenth segment divided into an upper and a lower portion . ‘ 7 
— Lateral lobes not so divided ‘ 8 


7 Lower branch of lateral lobe deep, convex ventrally. Clasper elongate, gently incurved 
cheesmanae sp. n. 
— Lower branch narrow, straight ventrally. Clasper shorter, strongly incurved 
ulmeri sp. n. 


8 Clasper in side view slightly upcurved, not sinuate : : ; ‘ 9 
— Clasper in side view sinuately curved : , ‘ sinuata sp. n. 
9 Lateral lobe of tenth segment from side with an irregularly excised upper margin. 
Clasper with a single, acute apex . ‘ falcata sp. n. 
— Lateral lobe of tenth segment from side with convex upper margin. ‘Clasper with bifid 
apex . : < 7 : - ; : : kokodana sp. n. 


Chimarra cyclopica sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 8-9) 


DutcH NEw GuINnEA: Mt. Cyclops, 3,500 ft., iii. 1936, 2 g; Cyclops Mts., Sabron, 
Camp 2, 2,000 ft., vii. 1936, 3 3. 


General appearance fuscous. Fore wing with cells R, and R, sessile, cell M, about as long as 
its footstalk, cell Cu, with a short footstalk. Rs sinuous, with a thickening before the discoidal 
cell, veins at base of discoidal cell also thickened. Median cell long. In hind wing, Sc and R, 
contiguous or fused, veins R, and R; fused (cell R, absent), cell FR, sessile, cell M, about half as 
long as its footstalk, cell Cu, with a short footstalk. 

g GENITALIA. Segment eight with tergite and sternite more or less fused, the sternite with a 
ventral process. Ninth segment also with a pointed ventral process. The dorsal apical margin is 
produced in a pair of spatulate processes, their apices slightly out-turned in dorsal view, gradu- 
ally tapering in side view. From beneath their bases arise the lateral lobes of the tenth segment. 
Each lobe takes the form of a plate, set on edge, about as long as the process of the ninth segment, 
moderately deep, with an obliquely truncate apex in side view. The lobe is concave on its 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TONEW GUINEA 109 


interior surface and from above the apex is rounded. The upper margin has a triangular tooth 
near its base and there is another, much smaller, tooth on the apical margin. Median lobe 
membranous. It is possible that what have been termed processes of the ninth segment may be 


Fic. 8. Chimarra cyclopica sp. n. g Wings. 


Fic. 9. Chimarra cyclopica sp.n. ¢ Genitalia. a, lateral; B, aedeagus, lateral; c, ninth 
and tenth segments, dorsal ; p, left clasper, ventral. 


part of the tenth segment, but they appear to be rigidly attached to the ninth, whereas the lateral 
lobes have some degree of movement. Aedeagus long, slender, with a bulbous base. The apex 
contains a single black spine. Clasper set just below the mid-lateral line of the segment, extending 
beyond the lateral lobes of the tenth segment, narrow and tapering in side view from base to 


110 D. E. KIMMINS 


apex. In ventral view, they are parallel-sided for their basal two-thirds, then tapering to a 
blackened point. 
Length of fore wing, 3, 4:2 mm. 


Fic. 10. Chimarra papuana sp. n. 3g Wings. 


g Hototype (Mt. Cyclops, iii. 1936) mounted as microscope preparations, 3 para- 
types cleared and preserved in glycerine. In the fusion of R, and R; in the hind wing, 
this species resembles the Australian species wranka Mosely, australica Ulmer and 
monticola Kimmins and also the Bornean species montana Kimmins. Like uranka, 
it has dorsal processes on the ninth segment but the form of the tenth segment and 
claspers is quite different. 


Chimarra papuana sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 10-11) 
DutcH NEw GuInEA: Mt. Cyclops, 3,500 ft., il1.1936, I ¢. 


General appearance fuscous. Venation much as in C. schmidi sp. n., even to the incomplete 
loop of 2A in the hind wing. Discoidal cell in fore wing relatively longer. 

¢ Genitalia. Eighth sternite produced in a triangular ventral process. Ninth segment with 
a long, straight ventral process. Tenth segment with the median lobe reduced to a membrane 
between the lateral lobes, apex with a V-shaped excision. Lateral lobes thin and plate-like, 
broad basally in side view, tapering to an elongate, slender apex. Cercus small and rounded. 
Aedeagus with an invaginated, membranous tube, which is densely covered with setae and spin- 
ules. Clasper from the side quadrangular, attached by one corner and with the upper apical 
angle produced in a long, slender, curved finger. From beneath, it is moderately broad at its 
base, tapering to a pointed apex and with a hooked process about half-way along the inner 
margin. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 4:1 mm. 


g HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations. This species differs from 
cyclopica in the presence of cell R, and the incomplete loop of 2A in the hind wing, the 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA IIr 


prominent ventral process of the ninth segment and the absence of dorsal processes 
to this segment. 


Fic. 11. Chimarra papuana sp.n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth segments, 
dorsal; c, ventral processes of eighth and ninth segments and left clasper, ventral. 


Chimarra schmidi sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 12-13) 
Dutcu NEw GuINEA: Mt. Cyclops, 3,500 ft., iii. 1936, Id . 


General appearance fuscous. Fore wing with cells R, and R, sessile, cell M, slightly shorter 
than its footstalk, Cu,, with a very short footstalk. Rs sinuous, with a thickening before the 
discoidal cell, whose veins at the base are also thickened. Median and thyridial cells short, the 
latter not reaching basad to the origin of Rs. In the hind wing, cells R, and R, sessile, the former 
rather narrow, cell M, with a long footstalk, Cu,, with a short footstalk, loop of 2A incomplete. 

6 GENITALIA. Eighth tergite and sternite distinct, the latter with a strong ventral process. 
Ninth segment with an outstanding ventral process, with a slightly dilated apex in side view. 
Tenth segment three-lobed, median lobe membranous, tapering to an acute apex dorsally and 
covered with microscopic setae. Lateral lobes forming a pair of thin plates, one on each side of 
aedeagus. Each lobe is deep at its base, with a small, rounded cercus at its upper basal angle, 
and tapers to a blunt apex with a small, blackened tooth at the lower angle. Two setiferous 
sensillae on the upper margin about midway. Aedeagus slender, cylindrical, enclosing two black 
spines. Clasper arising near the ventral margin, narrowed at its base in side view, parallel-sided for 


112 D. E. KIMMINS 


most of its length, then suddenly narrowing to a short, digitate apex armed with three or four 
bristles. In ventral view it is falcate, base broad, inner margin bluntly serrate in basal half. 
Length of fore wing, g, 4:5 mm. 
$ HoLotypPE mounted as microscope preparation. Closely related to papuana 
sp. n. in venation and general pattern of genitalia, this species differs in the more 


Fic. 12. Chimarva schmidi sp.n. g Wings. 


Fic. 13. Chimarra schmidi sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth segments, 
dorsal ; c, ventral processes of eighth and ninth segments and left clasper, ventral. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 113 


slender, quadrate clasper, with a shorter apical finger, the clasper in ventral view 
more strongly incurved. The tenth segment in side view is broader. I have much 
pleasure in naming this species after Dr. Fernand Schmid, the eminent Trichopterist 
of the Musée Zoologique, Lausanne. 


Chimarra sabrona sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 14) 
Dutcu NEw GuINEA: Cyclops Mts., Sabron, Camp 2, 2,000 ft., vi. 1936, 2 3. 


General appearance fuscous. Venation much as in C. schmidt, cell M, in the fore wing with a 
slightly shorter footstalk. 


Fic. 14. Chimarva sabrona sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth segments, 
dorsal ; c, ventral processes of eighth and ninth segments and left clasper, ventral. 


6 GENITALIA: Allied to C. schmidi but differing in detail. Eighth sternite with a broad, 

_ rounded ventral process. Ventral process of ninth segment long, straight, slightly dilated and 

_ obliquely truncate. Tenth segment three-lobed, median lobe membranous, a little shorter than 

_ lateral lobes, apex rounded. Lateral lobes thin, plate-like, from the side broad at the base, 

lower margin straight, upper curving down to a rounded apex. No teeth at apex, two setiferous 
ENTOM, IT, 4. 6 


It4 D. E. KIMMINS 


sensillae towards upper margin. Cercus short, situated at upper basal angle of lateral lobe. 
Aedeagus cylindrical, containing two straight, black spines and an invaginated tube covered 
with microscopic setae. Clasper from the side broad near the base, tapering gradually to a down- 
curved, slender finger, tipped with a few bristles. From beneath, it is gently incurved, narrow 
at its base, gradually dilating to about midway, then constricting to a narrow finger. Inner 
margin with two blunt, blackish projections. 

Length of fore wing, g, 3:2 mm. 


3g HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparation, gj paratype pinned. This species 


differs from schmidi in the shape of the claspers, which are gradually tapered instead 
of parallel-sided, and are less strongly curved in ventral view. 


Chimarra ulmeri sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 15-16) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vi-vii.1933, I 3, 3 2. 


Head fuscous, darker between the ocelli, with sparse golden hairs. Antennae and palpi incom- 
plete. Thorax fuscous, with golden hairs. Wings (rather denuded) pale fulvous, with traces of 
fuscous pubescence. 


Fic. 15. Chimarra ulmeri sp. n. 3g Wings. 


g GENITALIA. Ninth segment reduced to a narrow band dorsally, ventrally long and with a — 
median, keel-like process. Tenth segment with median lobe membranous, lateral lobes strongly — 
sclerotized. Each lateral lobe is divided into two branches, the upper the shorter, angled upwards 
and with an acute apex. The lower branch is directed tailward, its lower margin straight, the 
upper with a rounded excision before the truncate apex, which carries two sensillae. Cercus 
laterally compressed, rounded in side view, short. Aedeagus cylindrical, the lower apical margin 
produced in a long, slender lobe. Two long spines and a pair of spines can be seen within the 
membrane. Clasper small, about as long as tenth segment, from the side gradually tapering 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA II5 


to an acute apex. From beneath, it is abruptly angled inwards at about midway, and with a 
serrate projection of the inner margin at the base. 
Length of fore wing, g, 4-7 mm. 


$d HoLotyPe pinned, one pair of wings mounted dry, abdomen in glycerine. This 
species resembles in male genitalia C. thienemanni Ulmer from Java. It differs in the 
shorter, more abruptly angled claspers and in the form of the tenth segment. The 


© 


Fic. 16. Chimarra ulmeri sp. n. ¢ Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth segment, 
dorsal ; c, left clasper, ventral. 


three females are referred here with some doubt, chiefly on the evidence of the rather 
narrow cell R, in the hind wing. This species is named after Dr. Georg Ulmer, who 
has done so much to further our knowledge of the Trichoptera and who is always 
willing to assist other workers from his store of knowledge. 


Chimarra cheesmaneae sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 17-18) 
DutcH NEw GuINEA: Cyclops Mts., Mt. Lina, 3,500—4,000 ft., ili. 1936, I ¢. 


Specimen brownish, in poor condition. Wings with fuscous pubescence. Fore wing with Rs 
only slightly curved, base of discoidal cell not much thickened. Median cell moderately long. 
Cell Cu,, short, about as long as its footstalk. 

6 GENITALIA. Eighth sternite produced at the centre of its apical margin in a thin, triangular 
plate. Ninth segment with a short ventral keel. Tenth segment about as long as ninth, fused 
to it, and about half as deep. Median lobe membranous. Lateral lobes bifid, upper branches 
membranous, lower branches forming deep convex plates, more or less encircling the aedeagus, 
rounded apically and with sinuous ventral margins in side view. Lateral margins each with a 
small tooth or sensilla. Cercus small. Aedeagus with two stout, straight, internal spines. Clasper 


116 D. E. KIMMINS 


moderately long, upcurved and tapering in side view ; from beneath, stout basally, tapering to 
about midway, apex incurved and acute. There is a stout tooth about half-way along the inner 
margin. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 4 mm. 


Fic. 17. Chimarra cheesmanae sp.n. ¢ Wings. 


he 


Fic. 18. Chimarra cheesmanae sp.n. 3 Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth segments, 
dorsal; c, ventral processes of eighth and ninth segments and claspers, ventral. 


g HoiotyPE mounted as microscope preparations. This species may be distin- 
guished from ulmert by the deeper, more convex lower branches of the tenth segment, 
the more elongate clasper and the presence of a ventral process to the eighth sternite. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 117 


Chimarra falcata sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 19-20) 
DutcH NEw GuINEA: Mt. Cyclops, 3,500 ft., iii. 1936, 2 3. 


Head ochraceous, fuscous between the ocelli and at the sides of the occiput, pubescence golden. 
Antennae and palpi fuscous. Thorax reddish fuscous, legs brownish with darker spurs, hind tibia 
fuscous. Wings fuscous, with reddish fuscous pubescence. Fore wing with Rs sinuous, base of 
discoidal cell with veins much thickened ; cells R, and R, sessile, cell M, about as long as its 
footstalk, cell Cuy, with short footstalk. In hind wing, cells R, and R, sessile, cell M, shorter 
than its footstalk, cell Cu,, with a short footstalk. 


Fic. 19. Chimarra falcata sp.n. 3 Wings. 


6 GENITALIA. Eighth segment short, with tergite and sternite more or less fused into a 
complete ring. Ninth segment short above, with a small, keel-like ventral process in centre of 
sternite. Tenth segment more or less fused to ninth, median lobe reduced to membrane, lateral 
lobes long and narrow, each with a single sensilla on upper surface towards apex. The upper 
surface has an incurving ridge about midway. Cercus short, laterally compressed. Aedeagus 
cylindrical, with a bulbous base and an obliquely truncate apex. Within the enclosed membrane 
can be seen a pair of straight, black spines, a single, pale, curved spine and a patch of spinules. 
Clasper directed upward, apex curving inward above the tenth segment. Seen from beneath 
and behind, it is acutely falcate, arising from a short, broad base. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 5-4 mm. 


$ HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations, 3 paratype pinned, with 
abdomen in glycerine. C. falcata differs from the two preceding species in having the 
lateral lobe of the tenth segment entire. 


118 D. E. KIMMINS 


Fic. 20. Chimarra falcata sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, dorsal (aedeagus omitted) ; 
c, left clasper, ventral. 


Chimarra sinuosa sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 21-22) 
Dutcu NEw GuINEA: Cyclops Mts., Sabron, Camp 2, 2,000 ft., vii.1936, I 3. 


Type in poor condition, somewhat moulded. General colour brownish. Venation much as in 
C. falcata, but Rs in fore wing only slightly curved. 

6 GENITALIA. Eighth segment more or less divided into tergite and sternite. Ninth segment 
narrowed above, in side view with upper margin slightly produced; ventrally with a small, 
keel-like process. Tenth segment partially fused to ninth, median lobe short, excised at its centre, 
lateral margins sclerotized, projecting above the base of the lateral lobe. The latter is elongate, 
tapering apically, with two sensillae on upper surface at apex. From above, the upper margin 
is sinuous, lower margin incurved. Cercus short, laterally compressed. Clasper falcate, from 
above acute apically, with a short, acute tooth just above the apical one. From the side, the 
clasper is sinuous, curving upward and then tailward and inward over the tenth segment. 

Length of fore wing, g, 4:7 mm. 


3g HoLotyPe in glycerine, one pair of wings mounted dry. This species is closely 
related to falcata, from which it differs in the straighter Rs in the fore wing, the more 
sclerotized median lobe of the tenth segment, the produced apical margin of the 
ninth segment and the sinuously curved, bidentate claspers. 


—— 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 119 


Fic. 21. Chimarra sinuosa sp. n. g Wings. 


Fic. 22. Chimarva sinuosa sp.n. ¢ Genitalia. a, lateral; B, dorsal (aedeagus omitted) ; 
c, left clasper, ventral. 


Chimarra kokodana sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 23-24) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., viili.1933, I d, I 9. 


Head and thorax ochraceous, with golden hairs, antennae fulvous. Palpi (incomplete) fulvous, 
becoming darker towards apices. Legs ochraceous, spurs pale fuscous. Wings hyaline, with 
pale golden or ochraceous pubescence, slightly darker over the anastomosis. In fore wing, Ry 
and Rs both strongly sinuous, thyridial cell long and narrow. 


120 D. E. KIMMINS 


6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment rather short, with a short ventral protuberance at its base. 
Tenth segment with median lobe membranous, lateral lobes elongate, plate-like, from the side 
tapering from midway to a rounded apex, carrying a group of four or five sensillae on its upper 
margin. From beneath, the lateral lobes are parallel-sided, apices slightly dilated and out-turned. 


Fic. 23. Chimarra kokodana sp. n. g Wings. 


Fic. 24. Chimarra kokodana sp. n. ¢ Genitalia. a, lateral; B, from behind and below. 


Cercus short, rounded, projecting laterally, at base of tenth segment. Aedeagus long, cylindrical, 
enclosing three pairs of spines. Clasper falcate from behind, slender, curving upward over the 
tenth segment. Its apex terminates in two acute teeth. 

Length of fore wing, g, 3:8 mm. 


_ § HoLotyPe pinned, with one pair of wings mounted dry, abdomen in glycerine. 
This species is related to falcata and sinuosa, but differs in the more sinuate R, and 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 121 


Rs in the fore wing, the less strongly falcate claspers, which are not sinuate, and the 
less developed ventral process. The female is referred here with some doubt. 


Chimarra spp. 


Papua: Kokoda, 9,200 ft., vi-ix. 1933, 5 2. 

Papua: Mt. Tafa, 8,500, ft., iii. 1934, I @. 

Papua : Mondo, 5,000 ft., ii. 1934, I 9. 

DutcH NEw GUINEA: Mt. Cyclops, 3,500 ft., iii.1936, 10 2; Sabron, Camp 2, 
2,000 ft., vii. 1936, I 9. 

I have been unable to associate these specimens with any of the species described in 
the present paper. 


Family POLYCENTROPODIDAE 


KEY TO PAPUAN SPECIES OF Polycentropus (MALES) 


1 Fore wing with numerous spots of golden pubescence on a brown ground . grandis sp. n. 
Fore wing without spots of golden pubescence. Bs 
2 Membrane of fore wing with hyaline spots or areas (in addition to those bordering the 
R,—Rs and r-m cross-veins, the cross-vein Ogne the median cell, and at the base of 
this cell) ‘ : ‘ 3 
Membrane of fore wing without hyaline areas or spots other than those listed above ; 4 


3 Fore wing with three large hyaline areas, apical margin of wing distinctly sinuate 
sinuosus sp. n. 
- Fore wing with numerous hyaline spots, apical margin of wing less sinuate 
moselyi sp. n. 
4 Prothorax yellow, with golden hairs . ; ‘ : ; ; . a@uricollis sp. n. 
— Prothorax fuscous, with dark hairs . : 5 
5 Male cerci simple, without inner branches, paraproctal hooks scarcely divergent 
piceus sp. n. 
— Male cerci with inner branches, paraproctal hooks strongly divergent at apices . P 6 
6 Cerci in lateral view a little more than twice as long as broad, paraproctal hooks simple 
at apices ; claspers in ventral view one and a half times as long as broad 
rosselinus Navas 
— Cerci three times as long as broad, paraproctal hooks bifid at apices ; claspers in ventral 
+ view two and a half times as long as broad , : , ; ; similis sp. n. 


Polycentropus australis Ulmer is not included in the key but is possibly closely related to either 
P. vosselinus or P. similis. 


Polycentropus grandis sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 25-27) 


Papua: Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iti.1934, 10 g, 4 9; Mondo, 5,000 ft., i-ii. 1934, I J, 
=. 


Head yellowish brown, densely clothed above with golden hairs, shading to dark brown 
laterally. Antennae fuscous, faintly annulated with yellowish brown. Palpi yellowish brown. 
Thorax brownish, with median tufts of golden hairs and fuscous tufts at the tegulae. Legs 
golden brown. Abdomen brownish. Fore wing densely clothed with brownish pubescence, upon 


122 D. E. KIMMINS 


which are scattered circular spots of golden pubescence, not very numerous, with four or five 
larger patches along the posterior margin. Membrane brownish, with similar pale yellowish 
spots. Hind wing with smoky brown membrane, sparsely clothed with yellowish pubescence, 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment membranous above and merged with the tenth, which projects 
as a short tube or hood, to whose lower lateral margins are fused the more sclerotized paraprocts, 


Fic. 25. Wings of Polycentropus spp. n. A, grandis ; B, sinuosus ; C, moselyi ; D, auricollis ; 
E, piceus ; F, similis. : 


which project as small, setose lobes apically. Cerci forming tapering lobes, directed upwards and 
mesally over the tenth segment, each with a long, straight spine hinged to its apex. A slender, 
finger-like process arises from the inner surface of the cercus about midway. Aedeagus cylindrical, 
arising from a bulbous base. Claspers spatulate, divergent, in ventral view rather broader at 
their bases, apices rounded. In side view, each clasper carries a flattened, blackish basal branch 
on its upper surface, about two-thirds as long as main branch, its apex somewhat clavate in 
ventral view. Upper surface of main branch with a median, blackish ridge. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 123 


6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment membranous above, lightly sclerotized and largely withdrawn 
within the eighth tergite. Lateral gonapophyses bluntly foliate, about as long as eighth tergite. 
Subgenital plate of eighth segment forming a tapering scoop, situated between the lateral 


gonapophyses. 
Length of fore wing, 3, 10-11 mm., 2, 13-14 mm. 


$ HoLoTyPE mounted as microscope preparations, 9 allotype with abdomen 
cleared and preserved in glycerine, and paratypes pinned. The large size and boldly 


Fic. 26. Polycentropus grandis sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, left cercus, dorsal ; 
c, tenth segment and paraprocts, dorsal; pb, clasper and ninth segment, ventral. 


Fic. 27. Polycentropus grandis sp. n. @ Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ventral. 


124 D. E. KIMMINS 


spotted wings will distinguish this species from any of the Papuan Polycentropus spp. 
described so far. In structure of the male genitalia, it is related to the P. maculatus 
group of species from North America. It also shows some resemblance to Polyplectropus 
grandis Banks, both in wing pattern and in male genitalia, but Dr. W. L. Brown, of 
the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., confirms that there is no 
cubito-anal cross-vein nor fork R, in the hind wing of grandis Banks, which therefore 
cannot be a Polycentropus. 


Fic. 28. Polycentropus sinuosus sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, cerci, tenth segment 
and paraprocts, dorsal; cc, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


Polycentropus sinuosus sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 25, 28) 


Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vi.1933, 2 ¢ ; Matsika, 3,000 ft., xii. 1933, I ¢. 


Head fuscous, with dark reddish brown hairs. Antenna stout, fuscous, with paler annulations. i 
Palpi fulvous. Thorax and abdomen fuscous, the former with dark reddish brown hairs. Fore ~ 
wing densely clothed with golden brown pubescence ; membrane pale brownish, with an irregular 
pale marking in the centre of the wing, somewhat resembling a question mark, and a few smaller 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 125 


spots. Hind wing sparsely pubescent, membrane hyaline. Apical margin of fore wing with a 
shallow, sinuous excision. 

$ GENITALIA. Tenth segment fused with ninth, membranous in its upper part. To its lower 
surface are fused the more sclerotized paraprocts, which terminate in short fingers, carrying one 
or two stout, black spines and with a number of finer setae on the ventral surface of the tenth 
segment, which is slightly keeled. Cercus about as long as ninth segment, narrow basally in 
side view, dilated on its lower surface about midway. On its inner surface are two short branches, 
the upper consisting of a small lobe bearing a short finger, and the lower a small, curved lobe 
bearing setae. Aedeagus cylindrical, straight, armed at its apex with a single, blackened claw. 
Clasper short and broad, forming a foliate scoop with a pointed apex, upper basal branch small 
and black. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 7-8 mm. 


g HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations (Kokoda, vi. 1933), d paratypes 
pinned. In the reduced paraprocts, this species shows some resemblance to P. grandis 
sp. n., but is readily separable from that species by the unicolorous wings and by the 
form of the cercus, which is not produced apically in a long, straight spine. 


Polycentropus moselyi sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 25, 29) 
Papua: Mondo, 5,000 ft., i-ii. 1934, I 3, I . 


Head fuscous with brownish hairs. Palpi fuscous. Antennae dark fulvous, with paler annula- 
tions. Thorax fuscous, with brown hairs. Legs dark fulvous. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wing 
clothed with reddish brown pubescence, membrane pale brownish, with numerous pale spots. 
Apical margin slightly excised. 

6 GENITALIA. Somewhat similar in pattern to P. sinuosus sp. n. The membranous tenth 
segment is fused with the ninth and with the paraprocts, which project as lateral fingers beyond 
the tenth. Each carries a few small setae but no strong spines. The cercus is more gently clavate 
and rounded apically in side view, with one or two small processes on the inner surface towards. 
the apex. At its base on the inner surface there are two processes (as in sinwosus) but the upper 
one is much longer and slender. Aedeagus rather short and stout, without apical claw. Clasper 
from the side longer and narrower, tapering from base to apex, inner margin raised up about 
midway in a strong, acute tooth. Upper basal branch arising almost at right angles, slender, 
clavate apically. From beneath, the clasper is also longer and narrower than in sinuosus, 
truncate apically. 

Q GENITALIA. Lateral gonapophyses long and broadly ovate. Subgenital plate from beneath 
broad and trilobed, apex of median lobe projecting beyond lateral gonapophyses. Between the 
subgenital plate and ninth segment is a large pocket on each side, lined with dense setae. 

Length of fore wing, g, 1o mm., 9, II mm. 


6 HoLotyPe pinned, one pair of wings mounted dry between celluloid, abdomen 
in glycerine, 2 allotype pinned, abdomen in glycerine. This species (the male of which 
was identified by Mosely as P. australis Ulmer) is closely related to P. sinuosus sp.n. 
and in addition to the differences in the male genitalia, may be distinguished by the 
spotted membrane of the fore wing. I was quite prepared to accept Mosely’s deter- 
mination of the pinned insect until I made a preparation of the abdomen, which 
revealed too many features not reconcilable with Ulmer’s figure. 


126 D. E. KIMMINS 


Fic. 29. Polycentropus moselyi sp. n. Genitalia. g, A-C, 9, D-E. A, lateral; B, cerci, 
tenth segment and paraprocts, dorsal; c, claspers, ventral; pb, lateral; £, ventral. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 127 


Polycentropus auricollis sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 25, 30) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vii, ix.1933, 44, II 9. 


General appearance dark brown as in P. piceus sp. n., but distinguishable from that species by 
the yellow prothorax, clothed with golden hairs. 


Fic. 30. Polycentropus auricollis sp. n. Genitalia. g, a—-c, 9, D-E. A, lateral; B, cerci, tenth 
segment and paraprocts, dorsal ; c, claspers and aedeagus, ventral ; pD, lateral; £, ventral. 


128 D. E. KIMMINS 


6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment membranous above and merged with the tenth. The latter is 
lanceolate from the side and forms a rounded lobe from above, its base slightly constricted. 
Cercus a little longer than the tenth segment, in side view moderately broad, then constricted 
near base, upper margin beyond constriction straight, lower margin irregularly dilated. From 
above, cercus is slightly incurved and carries on its inner surface two processes, the upper 
slender, upcurved and digitate, terminating in a spine. The lower process forms a broad lobe, 
curved mesally and acute in dorsal view. Paraproctal process wide at base in side view, upper 
apical angle projecting in a single, slender spine, lower apical angle produced tailward in an 
acute claw. Aedeagus cylindrical, downcurved, with a pair of erect, quadrate lobes on its upper 
surface, apex of aedeagus terminating in a pair of divergent, downturned claws. Clasper long 
and slender in side view, inner apical angle curled upwards in a rounded lobe. From the base 
arises a slender, curved, digitate upper branch. In ventral view the clasper dilates from its 
base to a sinuously truncate apex, a small tooth on the inner margin in basal half. 

2 GENITALIA. Eighth sternite produced in a long, tapering subgenital plate with a slightly 
bilobed apex. Ninth segment partly enclosed within the eighth, lateral gonapophyses projecting 
beyond ninth segment, margins gently convex, apex narrow and truncate or bluntly rounded. 

Length of fore wing, J, 5-6 mm., 9, 5-7 mm. 


3 HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations (vii.1933), 2 allotype pinned, 
with abdomen mounted in glycerine, paratypes pinned. Although similar in appear- 
ance to P. piceus sp. n. (apart from the yellow prothorax), this species differs markedly 
in both ¢ and 2 genitalia. In the male, the cercus is more complex, bearing two 
branches or inner processes, the paraproctal process has both upper and lower 
branches, the aedeagus is more strongly developed and the clasper is quite different 
in form, the upper basal branch being represented by a slender finger. In the female, 
the lateral gonapophyses are narrower and truncate apically or bluntly rounded. 


Polycentropus piceus sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 25, 31) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., x.1933, I g, vili-ix, 1933, I @. 


Head piceous, with fuscous hairs. Antennae stout, piceous, with reddish fuscous pubescence. 
Palpi fuscous. Thorax piceous, with fuscous hairs. Legs fuscous. Abdomen fuscous. Wings 
fuscous, with sparse reddish brown pubescence, immaculate apart from the whitish 7-m cross- — 
vein and base of median cell in fore wing and the y-m and m-cu cross-veins in hind wing. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment membranous above and merged with the membranous tenth 
segment, which forms a paraboloid hood and bears on its ventral median line a row of stout 
setae. Cercus digitate from above, flattened and foliate from the side. Paraproctal hooks 
directed mesally and then outwards and upwards beneath the tenth segment. Aedeagus cylindri- 
cal, its apex from beneath slightly dilated. Clasper stout at base, in side view tapering gradually 
to a slender, incurved, hooked apex. Upper branch short, directed mesally in a blackened 
finger. 

Q GENITALIA. Eighth sternite forming a lightly sclerotized, spatulate subgenital plate, 
extending somewhat beyond the lateral gonapophyses. Ninth segment partly sunk within the 
eighth, lateral gonapophyses from the side with triangular apices, upper margin slightly concave. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 129 


From beneath, the apices are more rounded and between each plate and the ninth segment itself 
is a roughened pocket. Tenth segment small, with the usual three pairs of processes. 
Length of fore wing, 3, 6 mm., 9, 6-5 mm. 


6 HOLoTyPrE mounted as microscope preparations, ° allotype pinned, abdomen in 
glycerine. This species differs from P. rosselinus Navas in the more triangular clasper 
in side view, the smaller upper basal branch, the smaller paraproctal hooks and 
narrower cerci, without a slender inner branch. 


Fic. 31. Polycentropus piceus sp. n. Genitalia. g, a-c; 9, D-E. A, lateral; B, cerci, 
tenth segment and paraprocts, dorsal; c, ventral; p, lateral; £E, ventral. 


ENTOM. II, 4. / 


130 D. E. KIMMINS 


Polycentropus rosselinus Navas 
(Text-fig. 32) 


I take the opportunity of figuring the male genitalia of a paratype of this species, 
from Rossel Isl., Mt. Rossel, 9,100 ft., xi-xii.1915, W. F. Eichhorn. 


Fic. 32. Polycentropus rosselinus Navas, 3 Paratype, genitalia. a, lateral; B, cerci, tenth 
segment and paraprocts, dorsal; c, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


Polycentropus similis sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 25, 33) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vi. 1933, 2 3. 


Head dark fuscous, with dark brown hairs. Antennae fuscous, with fulvous annulations, more 
noticeable on the ventral side. Palpi fuscous. Thorax fuscous above, with brown hairs, paler on 
sides and beneath. Legs fulvous. Abdomen fuscous, terminalia fulvous. Fore wing densely 
clothed with dark reddish brown pubescence, membrane pale fuscous, with whitish areas around 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 131 


the y-m cross-vein, the cross-vein closing the median cell, the base of the median cell and the 
m-cu cross-vein, Hind wing smoky hyaline, sparsely pubescent. 

6 GENITALIA. Tenth segment membranous, fused with the ninth and forming a short rounded 
hood. Paraproctal process stout, somewhat swollen shortly before apex, which is divided into 
two acute spines, one above the other and directed outwards. Cercus rather slender, digitate, 


Fic. 33. Polycentropus similis sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, cerci, tenth segment and 
paraprocts, dorsal ; Cc, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


arising from a broader base and bearing on its inner surface two processes, one very slender, 
the other stouter and terminating in a tuft of bristles. Aedeagus cylindrical, with a short, acute 
tooth on ventral surface before apex, which bears some evertible membrane. Clasper elongate, 
rather narrower from the side than from beneath, in which aspect it is slightly incurved, parallel- 
sided, with an obliquely truncate apex. Upper basal branch stout, arched and clavate from the 
side, tapering and incurved from beneath, blackish. 

Length of fore wing, g, 7-7-5 mm. 


g HOLOTYPE mounted as microscope preparations, paratype pinned. This species 
is obviously closely related to P. rosselinus Navas and I at first considered it as a 


132 D. E. KIMMINS 


variety of that species. Comparison with a paratype of that species has shown a 
number of differences in the male genitalia: the more dilated and bifid paraprocts, 
narrower cerci and narrower claspers with more strongly developed basal branches. 
In the aedeagus, the ventral tooth is situated pre-apically but this may be due to 
varying degrees of eversion of the membrane. The possibility cannot be ruled out 
that rosselinus or similis may prove to be synonymous with P. australis Ulmer. 
Figures of cleared examples do not agree with Ulmer’s figures, but in pinned specimens 
the upper basal branch of the clasper may be obscured and the apex of the aedeagus 
appears as an open tube. Judging from the shape of the cercus, rosselinus is most 
like australis, but has not the two-spined paraprocts of australis and similis. 


Family PSYCHOMYIIDAE 
Tinodes aberrans sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 34) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vi-ix.1933, 2 g, 12 9. 


General coloration blackish brown. A tuft of pale hairs between the bases of the antennae, the 
latter having pale annulations. The fore wing differs from the typical Tinodes venation in the 
absence of the cross-vein closing the median cell. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth and tenth segments produced in a narrow hood with a membranous apex. 
Beneath it are a pair of slender paraprocts, fused at their bases. Aedeagus long and slender, with 
three spines or parameres ; the most basal is on the ventral surface, the next (and longest) is 
lateral and the shortest is set on the dorsal surface. Apex of aedeagus curled downwards. Cerci 
very long and slender. Claspers fused basally, with a V-shaped excision between them, globose 
from the side and terminating in a short spine and two branches. One branch is digitate, hairy 
at its apex and the other is spiniform, bent inwards and then tailwards. Basal plate triangular, 
with a long, slender apodeme. Apically it projects in a long, tapering spine, its lower surface 
expanded downwards in a rounded keel. At the base of the plate, on its ventral side, is a pair of 
short, divergent fingers. 

9 Genitalia. Eighth sternite emarginate at its centre. Ninth and tenth segments forming a 
long ovipositor. 

Length of fore wing, ¢, 3-5 mm., 2, 3-4 mm. 


3 HoLotyPeE (ix.1933) mounted as microscope preparations, 9 allotype pinned, 
with abdomen in glycerine, paratypes pinned. In structure of claspers this species 
shows some resemblance to Tinodes igok Kimmins (Sarawak), but the basal plate is 
more developed and the aedeagus and tenth segment differ considerably. It also 
agrees with T. igok and T. silvicola Kimmins (Sarawak) in the absence of the cross- 
vein closing the median cell in the fore wing. In the case of the two species from Sara- 
wak, each was represented by a single example, but in the present species the cross- 
vein appears to be absent from all examples. Nevertheless, I do not think the erection 
of a new genus for these species to be justified, in view of the similarity of the male — 
genitalia to those of other species of Tinodes. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 133 


= 


Fic. 34. Tinodes aberrans sp. n. A, g wings; B, ¢ genitalia, lateral; c, gf ninth and 
tenth segments, paraprocts, cerci and aedeagus, dorsal; pb, g claspers, ventral; E, 9 
genitalia, lateral. 


134 D. E. KIMMINS 


Ecnomus cyclopicus sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 35) 


Dutcu NEw GUINEA: Mt. Cyclops, 3,500 ft., iii. 1936, 1 ¢ ; Cyclops Mts., Sabron, 
Camp 2, 2,000 ft., vii. 1936, I 3. 


Spurs 3.4.4. Head tawny, with golden hairs ; antennae luteous ; palpi dark tawny. Thorax 
tawny, legs fulvous. Fore wing with sparse golden pubescence, membrane brownish, with 


hyaline spots. 


Fic. 35. Ecnomus cyclopicus sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, dorsal; c, claspers and 
aedeagus, ventral. 


6 GENITALIA. Cerci elongate, about three times as long as upper part of ninth segment, 
digitate and slightly downcurved in side view, from above slightly incurved, apical half about 
half as wide as basal and armed apically with stout, black teeth. Paraproctal processes short, 
digitate, with an apical tuft of bristles. Parameres about two-thirds as long as aedeagus, clavate 
apically in side view, tapering to a thin plate in dorsal. Clasper shorter than lower half of ninth 
segment, in side view with a deep rounded excision of upper margin, apex truncate, upper and 
lower angles produced inwards in acute teeth. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 5 mm. 


3 HoLotyPE (iii.1936) mounted as microscope preparations, paratype pinned, 


abdomen in glycerine. This species resembles E. papuanus Ulmer in the long, 
digitate cerci, but the claspers are quite differently formed. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 135 


Family HYDROPSYCHIDAE 
Subfamily OESTROPSINAE 
Oestropsyche vitrina (Hagen) 


Papua : Kokoda, 1,200 ft., v, viiix.1933, I dg, 31 2. 
Previously recorded from Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes, China, Philpi- 
pines and New Guinea. 


Macronema saundersi McLachlan 


Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vil, x. 1933, 4 d. 
Previously recorded from Mysol Island, New Guinea. 


Macronema loriai Navas, 1930 (nec 1933) 


Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., v—vili. 1933, 16 3, 3 9. 


Dutcu NEw GuINEA: Lake Sentani, Ifar, viii.1936, 1 3, 4 ?, all determined by 
M. E. Mosely. 


Previously recorded from New Guinea. 


Subfamily HYDROPSYCHINAE 
Hydropsyche moselyi sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 36) 


Hydropsyche hobbyi Mosely, 1931, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12) 4 : 484-487 (partim, Papuan examples) 
nec figs. 9-12. 


Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., iv—-v, vii-x.1933, 3 g, numerous females. 


Head fulvous, with golden pubescence. Antennae fulvous basally, with fuscous annulations, 
becoming progressively more fuscous towards the apices. Palpifulvous. Thorax and legs fulvous, 
with golden hairs and pubescence. Abdomen brownish. Fore wing with brownish and golden 
pubescence, the latter forming numerous small irrorations. 

g GeniTaLia. Ninth tergite moderately elevated at its centre. Side-pieces tapering to bluntly 
rounded apices. Tenth segment long and narrow from the side, apex with a pair of short, 
downcurved fingers. From above, it is moderately broad, with a rounded excision between the 
apical fingers, which are also incurved. Aedeagus trifid at its apex, the centre branch being an 
upcurved spine, longer than the side branches. The latter curve upwards and outwards and 
terminate in bifid apices. From the upper surface of the aedeagus, just basad of the three 
branches, two pairs of membranous processes arise from a common base. One pair is directed 
apically and terminates in a bunch of spines, the other pair directed basally along the stem of the 
aedeagus, ending in bifid claws. Clasper elongate, slender, basal segment more than three times 
as long as the rather sinuous terminal segment. 

9 GeniTaLta. No reticulate patches on pleurites of abdominal segments. Lateral lobe of eighth 
sternite tapering to a rounded apex. Clasper receptacle of ninth tergite small, its opening further 


136 D. E. KIMMINS 


restricted by a median ridge running into the receptacle. Lateral lobe of ninth segment short 
and deep. Lower angle of tenth segment rectangular. 
Length of fore wing, 3, 7:5-8 mm., 2, 7-9 mm. 


$ HototyPe and @ allotype pinned, both with abdomens cleared and in glycerine, 
paratypes pinned. This species is closely related to Hydropsyche hobbyi Mosely, but I 


Fic. 36. Hydropsyche moselyi sp. n. Genitalia. a, 3, lateral; B, g, aedeagus, lateral ; 
c, g, ninth and tenth segments, dorsal ; p, g, claspers and aedeagus, ventral; E, 2 lateral. 


feel sure that had Mosely made a preparation of a Papuan male, he would not have 
considered it conspecific. In the male, the apical processes of the tenth segment are 
shorter and more abruptly turned down. The outer apical branches of the aedeagus 
are out-turned and bifid and the pre-apical armature is different, consisting of two 
(not three) pairs of processes. The nine females from Dutch New Guinea, Sabron, 
referred to by Mosely are rather larger and show slight differences in terminalia. 
I think it better to consider them as an unidentified species of Hydropsyche. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 137 


Herbertorossia excavata sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 37) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., iv-ix.1933, 18 g, numerous females. 


Head pale fulvous, with golden pubescence. Maxillary palp pale fulvous, fifth segment a little 
shorter than the third and fourth together. Antennae slender, pale fulvous, faintly annulated 
with fuscous. Thorax pale fuscous, with golden pubescence. Legs fulvous, anterior tarsus of 
male with outer claw very much enlarged. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wing clothed with short 
golden pubescence and with numerous spots of paler pubescence. These small spots have their 
hyaline counterparts in the yellowish brown wing membrane. 

g GENITALIA. Dorsal margin of ninth segment produced in a triangle, with a narrowly excised 
apex. Tenth segment from the side deep, its upper margin deeply excised, upper and lower 
apical angles rounded and setose. From above, the tenth segment is short and broad, the upper 
and lower apical angles appearing as rounded lobes, the upper ones separated by a small excision. 
Aedeagus constricted before its apex, which carries two pairs of lobes, the outer ones large and 
enclosing the inner. Clasper moderately long, basal segment only slightly longer than the tenth 
segment. Terminal segment rather less than half the length of the basal, narrowed and incurved, 
its apex slightly dilated and carrying a number of short teeth. 

Q GENITALIA. Pleural membranes of segments four and five with reticulated areas above the 
spiracles, that on the fourth the larger and quadrate, the fifth circular. The lower apical angle of 
eighth tergite hooked downward. Clasper receptacle of ninth tergite moderately long, with a 
wide mouth, tapering to a rounded apex. Clasper groove broad and indefinite. Lateral lobe of 
ninth tergite lightly sclerotized, rounded. Lower angle of tenth tergite rounded. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 7-9 mm., 2 8-10 mm. 


g HOLOTYPE mounted as microscope preparations, ? allotype pinned, with abdo- 
_ men cleared and in glycerine, paratypes pinned. This species differs from H. ungulata 
(Ulmer) in the relatively shorter and stouter claspers and the shorter tenth segment, 
_ which is broader apically and has a deeply excavate dorsal margin in side view. 


Herbertorossia sabronensis sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 38) 


DutcH NEw GUINEA: Cyclops Mts., Sabron, 930 ft., iv-vi. 1936, 3 gd, 5 2; Sabron, 
Camp I, 1,200 ft., 15-22.v.1936, 3 9; Camp 2, 2,000 ft., vii. 1936, 6 3, 2 9. 


General appearance much as in H. excavata sp. n. 

6 GENITALIA. Similar in pattern to H. excavata sp. n., but differing in detail. The excavation 
of the dorsal margin of the tenth segment is rather narrower and the tenth segment itself in side 
view is more slender, the upper apical angle smaller and more rounded. Lower apical angles 
less pronounced. From above, the produced part of the ninth segment is more acute, not bifid, 
and the lateral hollows deeper; the tenth segment tapers to a narrower apex. Aedeagus less 
constricted before the apex, terminal lobes obliquely truncate in side view instead of rounded. 
In ventral view these lobes are triangular rather than reniform. Clasper more slender, basal 
segment three times as long as terminal. 

Q GenITALIA. Pleurites of the fourth to sixth segments with elongate-oval reticulated areas, 
that on the fifth being the largest and the sixth the smallest. Lip of the clasper receptacle 
produced in a small lobe at its centre. Clasper groove shallow. Lateral lobe of ninth tergite 
rounded. Tenth segment short and deep, lower angle produced in a rounded lobe. 

Length of fore wing, g, 8-5 mm., 9, 9 mm. 


138 D. E. KIMMINS 


Fic. 37. Herbertorossia excavata sp.n. A, wings; B, g, apex of fore tarsus ; c, maxillary 
palpus ; D-G, genitalia; pb, g, lateral; E, 3, dorsal; F, 3, claspers and aedeagus, ventral ; 
G, 9, lateral. 


| 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 139 


$6 HoLotyPe and 2 allotype (Sabron, 930 ft.) pinned, abdomens cleared and in 
glycerine, paratypes pinned. This species is closely related to H. excavata sp. n., and 
the differences in male genitalia are noted above. The difference in the shape of the 


Fic. 38. Herbertorossia sabronensis sp. n. Genitalia. a, g, lateral; B, g, dorsal; c, g, 
claspers and aedeagus, ventral ; bD, Q, lateral. 


tenth segment can generally be made out in the pinned examples, although it is of 
course more evident in a cleared preparation. The females may be distinguished by 
the shape of the eighth tergite, the clasper receptacle and the tenth tergite. 


Herbertorossia striata sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 39) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., v.1933, I ¢; Mondo, 5,000 ft., i-ii.1934, I 3. 


Head fulvous, with golden pubescence. Antennae luteous, with faint brownish annulations. 
Palpi fulvous. Thorax fulvous, with golden pubescence. Legs and abdomen fulvous. Enlarged 


140 D. E. KIMMINS 


claw of fore tarsus of male almost straight. Fore wing with numerous spots of pale golden pubes- 
cence on a brown ground, the base, costal and anal margins being largely pale golden. The brown 
pubescence forms a distinctive, slightly angled streak running along the first anal vein as far as 
the junction with the second anal vein, then bending obliquely forward to the posterior margin 
of the median cell, finally bending again to run through fork Cu,, to the wing margin. Hind 
wing hyaline, with sparse golden pubescence. Venation of fore wing differing from that of 


Fic. 39. Herbertorossia striata sp. n. g. A, fore tarsal claws; B, genitalia, lateral ; 
c, ninth and tenth segments, dorsal ; D, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


H. excavata. Median cell short, about as long as discoidal. Fork R, with a short footstalk, fork 
M, about twice as long as its footstalk. In hind wing, discoidal cell rather short, median cell 
as in excavata. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment short, apical margin only slightly produced in a shallow triangle. 
Tenth segment deep but short, margin forming a slightly sinuous convexity, upper angle pointed. 
From above, the upper angles are separated by a semicircular excision. Aedeagus long and 
slender, from the side sinuous, curving first downwards and then tailward. Apex slightly dilated 
in ventral view, with a pair of ventral setose lobes. Apical lobes convex, slightly longer above 
than below. Clasper long and slender, basal segment fully three times as long as terminal. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 8-1o mm. 


. 
‘ 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 141 


$ HoLotyre (Kokoda) pinned, with abdomen and fore leg in glycerine, 3 paratype 
pinned. In the proportions of the clasper, this species approaches H. ungulata Ulmer, 
but differs from it and from the other described species in the almost straight enlarged 
tarsal claw of the ¢ fore leg, the sinuous aedeagus, the form of the tenth segment and 
the angled band of brown pubescence on the fore wing, from which the specific name 
is derived. 


Herbertorossia orakaivai sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 40) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., v, vii, ix-x.1933, II 3, 10 Q. 


General appearance much as in H. excavata sp. n., but rather smaller, and with smaller and 
more numerous pale golden irrorations on the fore wing. Venation much as in that species, but 
fork M, in the fore wing with a slightly longer footstalk. Enlarged fore tarsal claw of 3 as in 
excavata. 


Fic. 40. Herbertorossia orakaivai sp. n. Genitalia. a, g, lateral; B, g, ninth and tenth 
segments, dorsal; c, g, claspers and aedeagus, ventral ; D, 9, lateral. 


142 D. E. KIMMINS 


6 GENITALIA. Similar in pattern to H. excavata. The dorsal excavation of the tenth segment 
in side view is shallow and the tenth segment is rounded apically without produced lower angle. 
Apical margin bilobed, with a rounded median excision. Aedeagus scarcely constricted before the 
apex, apical lobes ovate, much as in excavata. From beneath, the apex is somewhat clavate. 
Clasper with the basal segment about two and a half times as long as the terminal. 

Q GENITALIA. Pleurites of the fourth and fifth segments with reticulated areas. Clasper 
receptacle of ninth segment wider than in excavata and with a median ridge in the opening. The 
lobe below the opening of the receptacle more strongly developed, as is the lateral lobe. Lower 
part of tenth segment elongate, the hairs arising from elevated bases. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 6-7 mm., 2, 7-8 mm. 


g HoLotypPe (v.33) and @ allotype (ix.33) pinned, abdomens cleared and in 
glycerine, paratypes pinned. The differences between this species and H. excavata 
are set out in the foregoing description. The specific name is derived from the Orakaiva 
tribe, which inhabits the plains around Kokoda. 


Hydropsychodes expeditionis Ulmer 


Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., v-x.1933, 22 dg, 39 . 
Previously recorded from Papua. 


Hydropsychodes cheesmanae sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 41) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vii-ix.1933, 7 dg, 2 9. 


Head fuscous, with golden pubescence above, that on the clypeus brownish. Palpi fuscous, 
with brownish pubescence. Antennae fuscous, towards the bases annulated with fulvous. Thorax 
fuscous, with golden pubescence. Legs fulvous, with golden pubescence. Abdomen fuscous, 
terminalia fulvous. Fore wing densely pubescent, brownish, with numerous golden spots. Hind 
wing with pale smoky membrane, sparsely pubescent. 

¢ GENITALIA, Centre of margin of ninth segment elevated in a transverse ridge, fringed with 
long setae. Side-pieces rounded. Tenth segment forming a quadrate hood, shallowly trilobed 
apically in dorsal view, centre lobe triangular, elevated above the lateral lobes. A setiferous 
wart on each side towards apex. Aedeagus clavate apically, with large, convex, apical lobes. 
Clasper with long basal segment, terminal segment incurved, its inner surface somewhat hollowed. 

Q GENITALIA. Pleurite of fourth abdominal segment with a large reticulated area. Clasper 
receptacle guarded by a long flange or groove, opening small and ovate. Lateral lobe of ninth 
segment rudimentary. Tenth segment short and deep, lower angle rounded. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 7-7°5 mm., ?, 6 mm. 


$ HoLoTyPeE mounted as a microscope preparation, 2 allotype pinned, with abdo- 
men in glycerine, paratypes pinned. This species differs from H. expeditionis in its 
greater size, darker colour, shape of the tenth tergite and the relatively shorter, stouter 
terminal segment of the clasper. The two females are associated somewhat doubtfully 
with the males owing to their smaller size. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 143 


Fic. 41. Hydropsychodes cheesmanae sp. n. A, § wings; B, ¢g, genitalia, lateral; c, g, 
ninth and tenth segments, dorsal ; b, g, claspers and aedeagus, ventral ; E, ? genitalia, 
lateral. 


Abacaria subfusca sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 42) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., viii-ix.1933, 3 3, 7 9. 


Coloration pale fuscous, with golden hairs and pubescence. Fore wing membrane pale fuscous, 
with sparse (? denuded), uniform golden pubescence. 


144 D. E. KIMMINS 


$ GENITALIA, Ninth segment somewhat elevated in a dorsal triangle, whose apex is slightly 
excised. Side-pieces triangular, rather thick in dorsal aspect. Tenth segment short and deep, 
truncate apically in side view, upper apical angles each with a globular, hairy process, lower 


Fic. 42. <Abacaria subfusca sp. n. A, g wings; B, g, genitalia, lateral; c, g, ninth and 
tenth segments, dorsal; bD, g, claspers and aedeagus, ventral; E, 2 genitalia, lateral. 


apical angles produced outward in rounded, hairy lobes. Aedeagus cylindrical, sinuous in side 
view, slightly constricted before the apex in dorsal view, apical lobes triangular in side view, 
falcate dorsally. Clasper rather short, basal segment sinuous, slightly clavate apically, arising 
from a wide base in ventral aspect. Terminal segment short and incurved, tapering near apex — 
to a short, setose finger. 


MISS L..E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 145 


9 GeniTALIA. Eighth tergite with apical margin widely excised in a V, lower apical angles 
produced downwards in lateral aspect. Pleurosternum of eighth segment strongly produced 
upwards in a triangle with rounded apex. Lobes of eighth sternite produced, with rounded apices, 
separated by a deep median excision. Clasper receptacle of ninth tergite moderately large, 
clasper groove largely covered by a sinuate flange on apical side. Lateral lobe of ninth tergite 
small, spatulate. Lower angle of tenth tergite acute. Inner margins of upper pair of apical 
processes more sclerotized. 

Length of fore wing, g, 5 mm., 9, 5-6 mm. 


3g HoLoTyPE mounted as microscope preparations, 2 allotype pinned, abdomen 
in glycerine, paratypes pinned. This species has been placed in the genus Abacaria 
(hitherto recorded only from Fiji) on the wing venation and general pattern of 
male genitalia. The venation of Abacaria differs from that of Hydropsychodes in 
having the m-cu and cu cross-veins in the fore wing widely distant from one another, 
and M and Cu, in hind wing running close together as far as the fork of Cu,. In these 
characters it resembles Hydropsyche, from which it differs in the absence of fork R, 
in the hind wing. From A. fijiana and A. ruficeps, the male may be distinguished by 
the more truncate tenth segment and different apical lobes of the aedeagus, and by 
its smaller size and unmarked wings in both sexes. 


Abacaria sp. 


Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., v, vili-ix. 1933, 3 @. 
These three specimens are not referred to A. subfusca on account of their much 
greater size (fore wing 8-9 mm.), although in general appearance they are similar. 


Subfamily DIPLECTRONINAE 
Diplectrona mafulua sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 43) 
Papua: Mafulu, 4,000 ft., 1.1934, I 3. 


Head luteous, with golden hairs. Eyes rather large, inter-ocular distance about equal to 
radius of eye in dorsal view. Antennae defective, luteous, becoming more brownish towards 
apices. Palpi luteous. Thorax and abdomen fulvous. Legs luteous. Fore wing membrane 
hyaline, sparsely pubescent, mainly golden but faintly brownish along anal margin and with a 
faint band crossing the centre of the wing from arculus to the pterostigma. Hind wing hyaline. 

6 GENITALIA. Lateral filaments of fifth segment only as long as segment. No internal reticu- 
lated bodies but in the base of the eighth pleurite there is a small, spherical pocket, the membra- 


nous walls of which exhibit transverse wrinkles. Dorsal surface of ninth segment divided 


longitudinally by a narrow membranous area. Side-pieces scarcely developed. Tenth segment 
in side view somewhat triangular, upper margin convex. Near the lower basal angle is an oblique 
flange, fringed with hairs. From above, the apical margin is widely excised, with a small notch 
marking off the outer apical angle, which is spatulate. Aedeagus short, with a heavily clubbed 
apex, from which arises two pairs of processes. Clasper slender, basal segment much longer than 
apical. 

Length of fore wing, g, 6 mm. 


$ HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations. This species resembles D. 
dulitensis Kimmins (Sarawak) in possessing a single pair of pockets at the base of the 
ENTOM. II, 4. 8 


146 D. E. KIMMINS 


eighth pleurite. In dulitensis the pocket is narrower and less spherical than in mafulua. 
In the original description of dulitensis, this pocket was described as reticulated, but on 


Fic. 43. Diplectrona mafulua sp.n. g A, wings; B, genitalia, lateral; c, ninth and tenth 
segments, dorsal; D, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


re-examination I consider that ridged or wrinkled would be a more accurate descrip- 
tion. In genitalia, although following the same general pattern, the detailed con- 
struction is quite distinct. 


Family CALAMOCERATIDAE . 
Subfamily ANISOCENTROPODINAE , 
Anisocentropus io sp. n. 


(Text-figs. 44-45) 
DutcH NEw GuINnEA: Cyclops Mts., Sabron, 930 ft., v-vi. 1936, 2 3. 


Head fulvous, with golden pubescence, vertex shining. Antennae fulvous at base, with narrow, 
whitish, apical annulations. These annulations become progressively larger towards midway, 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 147 


then decrease towards apex of antenna. Palpi with fulvous and piceous pubescence. Thorax 
fulvous, with golden pubescence. Fore wing densely pubescent, with a striking oculate spot in 
basal half of wing. The pubescence is dark brown, pale brown and cream, and there are also 
areas of iridescent, scale-like hairs, pale blue in the apical half of the wing and a more lilac-blue 
in the basal half. The pattern of the wing is shown diagrammatically in Text-fig. 44. This 


Fic. 44. Anisocentropus io sp. n. Wings. A, pattern of fore wing; B, ¢ wings. (a= 
iridescent blues, b = cream, c = pale brown, d = dark brown.) 


diagram was drawn from an unmounted wing and the base therefore appears slightly narrower 
than in the wing venation figure, which was taken from a prepared and flattened wing. The cream 
areas have their hyaline counterpart in the brownish membrane of the wing. Apex slightly 
falcate. Abdomen brownish. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment with short, truncate side-pieces, ventral apical margin widely 
excised at its centre. Tenth segment fused to ninth, forming a large, transverse hood, deep 
from the side, apical angles hooked downwards, a small excision at centre of apical margin. 
Cercus short and digitate. Aedeagus short and cylindrical. Clasper single-segmented, short, 


148 D. E. KIMMINS 


triangular in side view. From beneath, it is divergent, inner margin dilated, armed with short 
spines. Apex of clasper slender and digitate. 
Length of fore wing, 3, 10 mm. 


$6 HOLOTYPE mounted as microscope preparations, paratype pinned. In venation 
of fore wing this species is related to A. trviangulatus Ulmer, especially in the origin 
of fork M3, which arises before the middle of the median cell. Both species show a 
sinuously falcate apex. The hind wing of A. zo sp.n. is much wider (possibly a sexual 


Fic. 45. Anisocentropus io sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth segments, 
dorsal; c, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


character) but the venation resembles that of A. triangulatus Ulmer. It differs in 
the striking cream-coloured eye-spot, with its dark brown pupil in the basal half of 
the fore wing. 


Anisocentropus triangulatus Ulmer 


Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., 1x.1933, I 9, det. M. E. Mosely. : 

This female differs from Ulmer’s figure in having the apical pale triangle of the fore 
wing much smaller, more as in A. 70. sp.n. There is however no trace of the eye-spot 
of that species, either in vestiture or in membrane pattern. 

Previously recorded from Fergusson Island. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 149 


Anisocentropus sp. 


Dutcu NEw GuinEA: Cyclops Mts., Sabron, 930 ft., v-vi.1936, 1 g; Mt. Cyclops, 
3,500 ft., 111.1936, I g. 

These two males, of a fairly uniform testaceous colouring, differ from one another 
slightly in size and wing shape. One is rather denuded, the other has a fine, transverse, 


SS. 


SS 


Fic. 46. Notanatolica gilolensis McLachlan. Wings of a, g from Kokoda; B, 92 type, 
Halmaheira. 


pale line across the fore wing just before the arculus. They also differ slightly in 
genitalia, though of the same general pattern as A. 70. In view of the inadequacy of 
the material, they are left undetermined. 


Anisocentropus dilucidus McLachlan 


Papua: Mondo, 5,000 ft., i-ii.1934, 1 3, det. M. E. Mosely. 
Previously recorded from New Guinea. 


150 D. E. KIMMINS 


Family LEPTOCERIDAE 
Subfamily TRIPLECTIDINAE 
Notanatolica gilolensis McLachlan 

(Text-figs. 46-47) 


WEstT NEw GUINEA: Njau-limon, S. of Bougainville, 3,000 ft., ii. 1936, I ¢. 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vi-vii.1933, I 3, 2 . 


Fic. 47. Notanatolica gilolensis McLachlan. a-—c, Genitalia (¢ Kokoda), A, lateral; B, 
ninth and tenth segments, dorsal; c, claspers, aedeagus and tenth segment, ventral ; 
D-F, genitaha of g allotype. Details as figs. a—c. 


Mosely, in his 1936 Revision of the Triplectidinae, gives a fairly wide distribution 
for this species, based upon published records as well as on material in the British 
Museum (Nat. Hist.). Ulmer, in his 1951 Trichoptera of the Sunda Islands, quotes 
some correspondence which he had with Mosely as to the correctness of some of these 
records. I have studied the material in our collection and fully agree with Ulmer 
that much of it was misidentified. The examples from N. Borneo, Java and North 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 151 


Australia determined by Banks belong to the N. magna group and the examples from 
Fiji and Dutch New Guinea determined by Mosely are also misidentified. 

Since the type of N. gilolensis (a female) is so little known, I am figuring the wing 
venation, from which it will be seen that the discoidal cell in the fore wing is much 
longer and narrower than in the magna group of species, being about two-thirds as 
long as the thyridial cell. The fore wing, contrary to the statement made by Mosely, 
is not narrower than in magna when the wing has been properly flattened for drawing. 
In pinned specimens, the wing does tend to appear narrower, due partly to the 
deflexing of the anterior and posterior margins. In the hind wing, Sc-R, clearly 
terminates in R, and not in the wing margin. This also occurs (though less clearly) 
in the wing of the male figured by Mosely as the male of gz/olensis, his fig. 43 being 
inaccurate. 

Comparison of the male genitalia of the examples collected by Miss Cheesman 
with the male figured by Mosely shows slight individual differences in each specimen, 
chiefly in the shape of the tenth segment and degree of development of the ridges on 
its ventral surface. In the male allotype, the sides of the segment slope downwards 
at a steeper angle, making it appear deeper in side view and narrower in ventral view. 
In view of the limited material available (3 3) it would seem unjustified to consider 
these differences as more than individual variations, especially as considerable 
variation is known to occur in magna. Figures are given of the allotype and of the 
Kokoda males. 

In addition to the holotype female and the material collected by Miss Cheesman, 
three males from the McLachlan collection enable the distribution to be given as 
Halmahera (Gilolo) ; New Guinea; Wetter Island and Ternate. 


[Notanatolica ?ciuska (Mosely) | 


DutcH NEw GUINEA: Canoe Camp, Utakwa River, xii.1g12, 2 g, 2 9, A. F. R. 
Wollaston, Triplectides gilolensis McL., det. M. E. Mosely. 

The males agree reasonably well in terminalia with the type of ciuska, but are 
rather paler (? faded). 

Previously recorded from New South Wales and Queensland. 


Symphitoneurina fulva (Navas) 


Papua: Mafulu, 4,000 ft., i.1934, 1 3. 

DutcH NEw GUINEA: Cyclops Mts., Sabron, 930 ft., v-vi.1936, 2 ¢; 1,200 ft., 
22.v.1936, 1 9; Camp 2, 2,000 ft., vii.1936, 9 3, 4 9. 

Previously recorded from New Guinea. 


Symphitoneura sp. 


Papua: Matsika, 3,000 ft., xii.1933, I d. 
In view of the poor condition of the single example, it is not proposed to identify it 
more precisely. 


152 D. E. KIMMINS 


Subfamily LEPTOCERINAE 
Leptocerus cheesmanae sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 48) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., ix.1933, 4 3. 


All four specimens are in rather poor condition, but the male genitalia are sufficiently 
distinctive to warrant the description of a new species. Head black, with black and white pubes- 
cence. Antennae incomplete, basal segments fuscous, with white annulations. Palpi fuscous, 
with white pubescence. Thorax black. Legs fuscous. Fore wing fuscous, with black pubescence. 
There are two patches of white pubescence along the anterior margin and behind them and along 
the posterior margin are areas of broadened, silvery hairs. Hind wing with sparse fuscous pubes- 
cence. 

¢ GENITALIA. Ninth segment cut back dorsally, where it is fused with the tenth. Apical 
margin of ninth sternite with a broad, shallow excision. Tenth segment forming a moderately 
narrow projection, extending beyond the ninth sternite and in dorsal view slightly dilated about 
midway. From its under surface project two asymmetric, apically bifid spines, each with a 
small digitate process at its base. Cerci absent (or fused with tenth segment). Aedeagus rather 
difficult to make out without dissection. On its dorsal surface towards the base, and flexibly 
attached to it by membrane, are two asymmetric, spiniform parameres. The left-hand and larger 
is strongly hooked downwards at its apex and the right-hand paramere is slender. and only 
slightly sinuous. The aedeagus itself is twice sharply angled in side view, the apical part tapering 
and laterally compressed ventrally. At the more basal angulation arises, on each side, a slender 
spine which curls caudad along the aedeagus and shortly exceeds it in length, the apices of the 
two spines contiguous. Claspers fused basally , from the side dilating to a clavate apex, which 
is divided into a slender upper and a broad lower part. From beneath, the fused claspers are 
broad, the apical margin with a median excision, which is wider at its base. The apical margins 
and upper surface are armed with strong, socketed teeth and in dorsal view there is a median, 
cordate depression, also filled with socketed teeth. 

Length of fore wing, g, 5-5 mm. 


3 HoLotyPeE mounted as microscope preparations, paratypes pinned. The mark- 
ings of the fore wing are of a pattern which occurs in a number of species in Africa 
and Asia, such as L. argentonigra (Ulmer), Ceylon, and L. canaliculata (Ulmer), 
Philippines. The male genitalia of L. cheesmanae sp. n. show some resemblance to 
those of the latter species, in possessing a digitate upper branch to the clasper, but 
the relationship is not very close. 


OECETIS McLachlan 


Most of the Papuan species placed in this genus form a fairly compact group, 
characterized by having the so-called v-m cross-vein in the hind wing located beyond 
the fork of M, instead of basad of it as in the typical species of Oecetis. This cross 
vein is of course the basal part of R;, the remainder of the vein being fused with M or 
with M,,,. The position of this vein was used by Ulmer as a character when erecting 
his genus Oecetodes (type-species Setodes avara Banks, 1895). The same character 
occurs also in the following genera: Oecetodella Ulmer (type-species Oecetodella 
singularis Ulmer, 1930), in Milne’s subgenera Quaria and Yrula, and in various other 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 153 


re: 


Fic. 48. Leptocerus cheesmanae sp. n. ¢. A, wings, B-G, genitalia ; B, lateral; , 
tenth segment, dorsal; D, aedeagus and parameres, lateral; E, the same, ventral ; 
F, claspers, ventral ; G, the same, dorsal, more spread out. 


154 D. E. KIMMINS 


species which have been placed in the genus Oecetis. Ross (1944) has placed Oecetodes 
Ulmer amongst the synonyms of Oecetis, without any comment on the differences in 
venation of the hind wing. I did consider resurrecting Oecetodes, to contain all the 
species of Oecetis in which R, was located beyond the fork of M in the hind wing, but 
after a lengthy examination of the venation of as many of these species as possible, 
it became evident that they were not by any means a homogeneous group and I was 
unable to find any other venational character to support the use of the position of 
R; in the hind wing as a generic character, or to find satisfactory characters to split 
this group of species still further. One or two species were somewhat intermediate, 
R,; joining M at the fork. I therefore propose to leave all these species in the genus 
Oecetis and hope that some day someone will make a comprehensive revision of the 
complex. 


Kry TO THE NEW GUINEA SPECIES OF Oecetis, MALES 


1 Inhind wing, R; runs into the stemofM . ; ‘ : P : P , 2 
— In hind wing, R; runs into M+. ; : : 5 ; : . ; : ; 
2 Fore wing with androconia : . . F : | 
— Fore wing without androconia . : ,  hemerobioides (Mclachlan) . 
3 <Androconia forming a dense, golden brown a area in 1 centre of wing . . Squamosa sp. n. 
- Androconia black, semi-erect, sparsely scattered along the veins .buitenzorgensis Ulmer 
4 Fore wing narrow, about five times as long as wide. M34, fused with Cu, for a short 
distance beyond anastomosis. Tenth segment bilobed , ‘ arctipennis sp. n. 
— Fore wing three to four times as long as wide. M344 touching Cu, at a point or joined 


to it by a ccross-vein. Tenth segment trilobed, lateral lobes sometimes indistinct . 5 
5 In fore wing, the cross-vein closing the discoidal cell is distinctly basad of anastomosis ; 
_ lateral lobes of tenth tergite forming a broad hood over eee the latter without 
spiniform parameres ‘ ; ornata sp. n. — 
- In fore wing, the cross-vein closing the discoidal cell forming a more or less continuous 
line with the other veins of the anastomosis. Lateral lobes of tenth tergite narrower, 


often inconspicuous. Aedeagus with one to three spiniform parameres . , 6 
6 Clasper in side view triangular, with a basal branch ; ; .  tmambia sp. n. — 
— Clasper in side view long and slender, with or without a basal branch 7 
7 Clasper with a short, upwardly directed projection on upper basal margin 8 
— Clasper without such projection . ‘ : ‘ ; , : ; co 
8 Tenth tergite less than half the length of the clasper : : ‘ acuminata sp. n. 
- Tenth tergite nearly as long as clasper . ‘ ’ longiterga sp. n. 
9 Claspers each with a rounded lobe on inner margin at base , ; marginata sp. n. 
- <A broad inner plate on left clasper and a strong hook on right .  asymmetrica sp. n. 


Oecetis hemerobioides (McLachlan) 


DutcH NEw GUINEA: Cyclops Mts., Sabron, 930 ft., v-vi. 1936, I 3. 
Previously recorded from Celebes, Sumba and Malaya. 


Oecetis squamosa sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 49) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., viii. 1933, I 3. 


The unique male was in rather poor condition. General colour tawny. Spurs 0.?.2, mid legs 
missing. Wings sparsely clothed with tawny pubescence, most of the centre of the wing also 


OE ee ee ces 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 155 


bearing small, reddish brown androconia, extending from R, to Cu, and from the origin of Rs 
to the apex of the discoidal cell and to about half-way between the anastomosis and wing tip 
in cells R, and M42. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment short, centre of dorsal margin scarcely produced. Cerci short, 
rounded apically, not fused with tenth segment, which is about twice as long as cerci, transparent, 
tapering to a narrow apex armed with a few short setae. Aedeagus short and stout, its lower 


Fic. 49. O6ccetis squamosa sp. n. ¢g. A, wings; B, genitalia, lateral; c, dorsal ; 
D, ventral. 


apical margin produced in an asymmetrical trough, the left-hand margin of which is extended 
upwards in a recurved hook. Projecting from the aedeagus is a single, curved, spiniform paramere, 
its apex broken in the type. Clasper short and stout, inner and outer upper margins elevated in 
ridges, apex terminating in an incurved hook. From beneath, the claspers are broad and fused 
basally. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 6 mm. 


_ g HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations. This species resembles O. 

unicolor McLachlan (New Zealand) and O. pechana Mosely (Australia) in the presencé 
of scales or androconia on the membrane of the fore wing of the male. In O. sguamosa 
they are more extensive than in either of the other two species. It is a smaller insect 
and the male genitalia, although of the same pattern, differ considerably in detail, 
particularly in the claspers. 


156 D. E. KIMMINS 


Oecetis buitenzorgensis Ulmer 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vi, vii.1933, 2 3. 
Previously recorded from Java. 
Oecetis arctipennis sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 50) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., ix, 1933, 1 3d. 


Fic. 50. Oecetis arctipennis sp. n. ¢g. A, wings; B, genitalia, lateral; c, ninth and 
tenth segments, dorsal; D, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


Head and thorax yellowish brown, darker above, with pale fuscous pubescence. Antennae 
pale, not annulate. Palpi with pale fuscous pubescence, basal segment of maxillary palpus 
shorter than second. Legs pale, spurs 0.2.2. Wings long and narrow, anterior lightly clothed 
with golden pubescence, the membrane marked with brownish as in Text-fig. 50a. Fore wing 


with apical cells long and narrow, M344 separating from Cu,, beyond the anastomosis. In the hind — 


wing, R; joins M,,2 beyond the fork of M. Anterior branch of 2A fused with 1A for most of its 


length, separating again to give a short fork. 


6 GENITALIA. Ninth tergite with apical margin slightly convex, side-pieces acute and triangular. 
Tenth segment forming a roof over aedeagus, the sides sloping downwards, its apex excised to © 


give two rounded lobes, each of which carries one or two setae. Cercus about as long as tenth 


segment, stout and digitate. Aedeagus in side view with a dorso-ventrally compressed stem, the — 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 157 


apex dilated downwards. Clasper a little longer than aedeagus, tapering gently to a slightly 
upturned apex in side view, parallel-sided with obliquely truncate apices in ventral view, the 
inner apical angle produced in a short, stout tooth. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 8 mm. 


g HoLotyPe pinned, one pair of wings mounted between cover-glasses, abdomen 
cleared and in glycerine. Although R;, in the hind wing runs into M,,,, and the apical 
cellules are rather long and narrow, as in most of the other Papuan Oecetis in this 
group, this species may be distinguished by M3;,, in the fore wing being fused for 
a short distance with Cu,, and by the differently formed male genitalia, especially 
the aedeagus, which has no internal parameres and by the shorter, non-caliper-like 
claspers. The partial fusion of 1A and 2A in the hind wing, although present on both 
sides, may be an aberration. 


Oecetis ornata sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 51) 


DutcH NEw GUINEA: Humboldt Bay, ix—-x.1893, W. Doherty, ex McLachlan 
Coll., x 3. 


General colour pale brownish. Spurs 0.2.2. Anterior wing densely ciliate on margins, hairs 
long and golden. Membrane brown basally, hyaline apically, the brownish part with irregular 
hyaline markings, the apical part with brownish markings along the veins and cross-veins. 
Hind wing smoky hyaline, densely ciliate. In the fore wing, cell R, overlaps the apical third of 
the discoidal cell ; thyridial cell unusually short, its base about level with base of discoidal cell. 
In hind wing, Rs forks at about one-third from base, R; falling on M,,, well beyond fork of M. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment with dorsal apical margin not produced, side-pieces stout and 
triangular. Cerci short and clavate, heavily fringed with hairs. Tenth segment trilobed, the 
median lobe digitate, extending beyond the cerci. Lateral lobes at a lower level than the median, 
triangular at apices, together forming an excised hood above the aedeagus, slightly shorter than 
the median lobe. Aedeagus short and stout, apex rounded dorsally and with a median ventral 
excision. There is a short, transverse ridge on the lower surface towards the base. Clasper short 
and stout, in side view with a rounded elevation on the dorsal inner margin about midway and 


_ with the upper apical angle produced upwards in a short, blunt finger. From beneath, the claspers 


are fused basally, with a narrow, median excision, apices slightly incurved, inner surfaces concave 
and armed with stout setae. 
Length of fore wing, 3, 6 mm. 


$ HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations. This species, although sharing 
with the following species the character of R, beyond the fork of M in the hind wing 
and the rather long apical cells, differs from them in the noticeable overlap of cell 
R, over the discoidal cell, the short thyridial cell and pattern of the fore wing and in 
the form of the male genitalia. 


Oecetis mambia sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 52) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., v, vii, viii, x.1933, 3 d, 6 @. 


Spurs 0.2.2. General colour brownish fulvous. Fore wing membrane pale fulvous, veins a 
little darker, with two rows of rather long, dense hairs on both surfaces. Costal and apical margins 


158 D. E. KIMMINS 


with a very dense fringe of brownish hairs. A tuft of black hairs about midway along Cu, and 
a less conspicuous one on the stem of M. Hind wing smoky hyaline, with fuscous veins, also 
densely fringed, margins from apex of Sc to anal angle very densely fringed. In hind wing, Rs 
forks at about one-third from base, fork FR, as long as its footstalk. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment short, dorsal apical margin shallowly excised. Tenth segment 
deeply trilobed, median lobe longer and more sclerotized than lateral lobes, digitate, somewhat 


Fic. 51. Oe¢cetis ornatasp.n. . A, wings; B, genitalia, lateral; c, dorsal; D, claspers 
and aedeagus, ventral. 


lanceolate at apex in dorsal view, slightly downcurved in side view. Lateral lobes divergent, 
transparent, each with a single bristle near apex. Cerci short and broad. Aedeagus stout, 
lower margin with an asymmetric apical hook, and enclosed in the membrane is a single, curved 
spine. Clasper narrow at base in side view, upper margin elevated in a short, curved process 
at base, then gradually tapered to a pointed, incurved apex. 

9 GENITALIA. Eighth sternite produced in a large, pentagonal subgenital plate, angles rounded, 
its base formed by a furrow, which partly differentiates it from the sternite. Ninth tergite large 
and deep, triangularly produced in side view. Lateral gonapophyses with upper margin much 
humped. Tenth segment with rounded lateral lobes enclosing the anal tube. 

Length of fore wing, J, 9 mm., 2, 8 mm. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 159 


(GNI 
Aw a) Wy 


Nord 
\ (4 


- 
. 


a coats 


Fic. 52. Occetis mambia sp.n. A, g, wings; B, ¢ genitalia, lateral ; c, the same, dorsal ; 
D, g, claspers and aedeagus, ventral; E, 9 genitalia, lateral; F, the same, ventral. 


160 D. E. KIMMINS 


$ HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations, 9 allotype pinned, with apex 
of abdomen in glycerine. This species differs from O. marginata sp. n. and O. asym- 


S55 


FIG. 53. O¢ecetis acuminata sp.n. A, g, wings; B, ¢ genitalia, lateral; c, g, ninth and 


tenth tergites, dorsal; pb, claspers and aedeagus, ventral; E, 9 genitalia, lateral; F, 
the same, ventral. 


metrica sp. n. in the absence of the marginal bands of scales in the 3 wings, the stouter 
claspers and stronger lateral lobes of the tenth segment in the male and in the female 


genitalia. The name “ Mambia ”’ is that of one of the Papuan “ boys ” employed by 
Miss Cheesman at Kokoda. 


i ee 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 161 


Oecetis acuminata sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 53) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., v, vi, vili-x.1933, 2 dg, 4 9. 


Spurs 0.2.2. General colour dark fulvous. Antennae only faintly annulated. Fore wing with 
margins neither scaly nor unusually densely fringed. Cross-veins of anastomosis not thickened. 
In hind wing, fork R, about as long as its footstalk. The R; ‘‘ cross-vein ’’ falling on the upper 
branch of M. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment short, dorsal margin triangularly produced at its centre. Tenth 
segment trilobed, median lobe elongate, laterally compressed, in side view clavate, projecting 
well beyond cerci. Lateral lobes short, thin and triangular, at a lower level than the median 
lobe, in dorsal view obscured by the cerci. The latter are bluntly triangular. Aedeagus stout, 
asymmetric, enclosing two spiniform parameres. Clasper very long and slender, its apical forth 
abruptly inturned and acuminate. At the base there is a small process on the upper margin. 

9 GENITALIA. Eighth sternite very large, its apex parabolically produced. Ninth tergite with 
its apical margin produced in a rounded lobe on each side. Lateral gonapophyses of the normal 
type. Anal tube short and deep, projecting a little beyond the ninth tergite. 

Length of fore wing, g, 7-5 mm., 2, 7 mm. 


$ HoLotyPe mounted as microscope preparations, ° allotype pinned, abdomen in 
glycerine, paratypes pinned. In the slender claspers, the male shows some relation- 
ship with O. marginata sp. n. and O. asymmetrica sp. n., but it lacks the marginal 
scales of the wings. The large eighth sternite of the female is distinctive. 


Oecetis longiterga sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 54) 
DutcH NEw GuINEA: Lake Sentani, Iffar, viii. 1936, I d. 


The unique male is somewhat damaged. Head and thorax tawny yellow, only bases of anten- 
nae present. Maxillary palpus with basal segment shorter than second. Legs mostly missing, 
spurs 0.2.?. Wings tawny yellow, anterior fairly densely fringed along costal margin, anastomosis 
fuscous. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth tergite narrowed dorsally. Tenth tergite with a slender, digitate median 
lobe, slightly downcurved at its apex, nearly twice as long as the cerci. On either side of the 
median lobe is a slender, transparent process, possibly the lateral lobe of the tenth tergite. 
Cercus narrow, foliate, acute at apex. Aedeagus short and stout, enclosing two curved, spiniform 
parameres. Its apex is asymmetric, the left side being membranous, the right produced in a 
blunt, curved plate. Claspers fused basally, produced in long, slender, inwardly and upwardly 
curved, acute apices. Near the base, the dorsal margin is produced upwards in a small, setose 
hump. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 8-5 mm. 


$ HoLotyPe pinned, one pair of wings between cover-glasses, abdomen in glycerine. 
This species is closely related to O. acuminata sp. n., the male genitalia following the 
ENTOM. II, 4. 9 


162 D. E. KIMMINS 


same pattern but differing in detail. The median lobe of the tenth tergite and the 
cerci are both relatively much longer and narrower. The slender, transparent lateral 
lobes apparently replace the short, triangular lobes of acuminata. The clasper is 
more sinuous in side view and gently incurved (not angled) in ventral view. The 


Fic. 54. O6ccetis longiterga sp. n. g. A, wings; B, genitalia, lateral; c, aedeagus, 
lateral; D, ninth and tenth tergites, dorsal; E, aedeagus, dorsal; F, claspers and 
aedeagus, ventral. 


venation of the fore wing is similar to that of acwminata, but the apical part of the 
wing is somewhat broader in relation to its length. The hind wing is rather broader 
and fork R, is longer in relation to its footstalk ; Cwu,, forks only slightly beyond the 
level of the fork of M. There is a fragmentary second specimen from the same locality, 
consisting of head, thorax and one fore wing, which may belong here. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 163 


Oecetis marginata sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 55-56) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., iv, vi-x.1933, II g, ?9 8. 


g. Spurso.2.2. General colour fulvous. Antennae luteous, faintly annulated with brownish ; 
basal and third segments moderately long but less so than in Oecetodella and without a long 


Miyy, ee Gir 
ie 


Fic. 55. O¢ecetis marginata sp. n. g. A, wings; B, genitalia, lateral; c, dorsal; D, 
claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


pencil of hairs. Wings moderately pubescent, the hairs in the apical third of the wing denser on 
the veins and forming two divergent rows. A small tuft of black hairs about midway along 
Cuz in fore wing. In fore wing, the veins of the anastomosis are thickened and fuscous. Apical 
margins of both wings without obvious fringe. In the male, under low magnification, these 
margins look soiled, as though with mud. Close examination reveals a narrow border of minute, 
dense scales, in the fore wing extending from about one-fourth from the base of the costa round 


164 D. E. KIMMINS 


to the arculus, and in the hind wing from the apex to about the vein Cuz. Basad from this vein 
is a dense, silky fringe, interspersed with scales. In the fore wing, the costal margin is thin and 
folded over to make a narrow groove. In the hind wing, R; fuses with M,,.2 distad of the median 
fork. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment short, narrowed above. Cerci forming a pair of flattened, 
subquadrate plates, fused to the margin of the ninth and with a quadrate excision between them. 
Tenth segment consisting of a slender median process, slightly sinuous from the side, with a 
pair of very transparent fingers (about half as long as the median process), one on each side, 
terminating in a seta. Aedeagus somewhat globular, rather obscured by everted membrane, 
and enclosing three flattened, spiniform parameres, of unequal length, the shortest curved 


Fic. 56. Occetis marginata sp. n. 2 Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ventral. 


downwards. Claspers long, slender, sinuous and incurved, each with a flattened basal lobe and a 
smaller lobe on the inner margin a little beyond the basal lobe. 
Length of fore wing, 3, 10 mm. 


$ HoLoryPse pinned, one paratype mounted as microscope preparations, remainder 
pinned. In venation and structure of genitalia, this species is related to O. koyana 
Kimmins (Sarawak). It differs in the short, plate-like cerci and different tenth segment 
and more slender and incurved claspers. It also differs in the dense, minute scales 
bordering the male wings. 


Nine females are presumed to belong to this species on the evidence of similarity of hind wing 
venation. They are rather smaller in wing-spread, slightly darker in colour and of course do not 
have the wings margined with minute scales. 

9 Genitaia. Eighth sternite produced in a large subgenital plate, its apical margin sinuously 
rounded. Ninth tergite produced at its centre in a small, blunt finger, on either side of which is a 
small, triangular, hairy lobe. Lateral gonapophyses with a sinuous upper margin, tapering to a 
narrow, rounded apex. Tenth segment forming a short anal tube, its lower apical margin pro- 
duced, upper excised. 

Length of fore wing, 2, 7-8 mm. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 165 


Oecetis asymmetrica sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 57) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., v—vii, ix-x.1933, 12 3g, ? I 9. 


6. Spurs o.2.2. General colour brownish fulvous. Antennae faintly annulated with fuscous. 
Wings rather less densely pubescent than in O. marginata sp. n., but with a similar black tuft 
on Cz, in the fore wing. The margins also bear similar minute scales, but in the fore wing the 


es 


Fic. 57. Oe¢cetis asymmetrica sp. n. A, g, wings; B, ¢, genitalia, lateral; c, g, right 
clasper, lateral; pb, g, ninth and tenth tergites, dorsal; £, g, claspers, ventral ; F, 9, 
genitalia, lateral; G, the same, ventral. 


166 D, E. KIMMINS 


scaly area is less extensive, commencing beyond the anastomosis, which is thickened. Apex of 
fore wing less pointed. Hind wing less pointed, the dense silky fringe from Cu, to the base of the 
wing with a greenish metallic sheen in certain lights. Apical fork R, much shorter than its 
footstalk. 

6 GENITALIA. Following the same general pattern as O. marginata. The cerci are less promi- 
nent, broader than long. Median process of the tenth segment stouter, straight in side view, 
dilated slightly before apex in dorsal view. Transparent fingers obscure. Aedeagus stout, 
tapering towards apex, asymmetric and enclosing two spiniform, curved parameres. Claspers 
long and slender from the side, incurved from beneath, with asymmetric lobes internally at base. 
The left clasper has a plate-like lobe extending over the basal third, its inner margin excised to 
make two blunt processes. The lobe of the right clasper is much more deeply excised, so that the 
basal process forms a long, curved spine, widely separated from the apical process and visible 
as a tailwardly directed process in side view. 

Length of fore wing, g, 8 mm. 


g HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations, paratypes pinned. This species 
is a close relative of O. marginata and the differences are set out in the foregoing 
description. 

A single female is referred, with some doubt, to this species on the similarity of 
the venation of the hind wing. 


9 GENITALIA. Eighth segment with its ventral margin more sinuous in side view. Anal tube 
fused with ninth segment and largely concealed. Lateral lobes of the ninth tergite more quadrate 
than in O. marginata. Lateral gonapophyses blunter at apices. 

Length of fore wing, 2, 7 mm. 


Oecetis spp. 


DutcH NEw GulInEA: Cyclops Mts., Sabron, 930 ft., v.1936, 2 9. 

Japen Island, Mt. Eiori, 2,000 ft., ix.1938, I 9. 

Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vi-ix .1933, 8 9. 

Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., 111.1934, I 9. 

The first two specimens may possibly be the females of O. longiterga sp. n., but 
being from a different locality, it seems unwise to associate them definitely. 


TRIAENODES McLachlan 


KEY TO SPECIES OF Tyviaenodes FROM NEW GUINEA (MALEs) 
Triaenodes loriai Navas is omitted owing to its inadequate description. 


1 No spiniform branch arising from base of ee ‘ 2 
— Spiniform branch present . " ‘ ‘ ‘ . ' : ‘ 4 
2 Aedeagus moderately stout, with parameres . " ; . F é 3 
— Aedeagus long, slender, spiniform, without parameres : ‘ longispina sp. n 
3 Costal area of fore wing with a dense, longitudinal band of broadened black hairs on 

under surface 5 5 P * 3 ; : * s costalis sp. n. 
— Costal area without such hairs ‘ ‘ . insulana Ulmer 


4 Median lobe of tenth segment very short. Basal branch of clasper consisting of two 
slender spines. Fore wing with two longitudinal bands of black androconia on 
dorsal surface, in costal and radial areas . R ‘ : nigrolineata sp. n. 

— Median lobe of tenth segment long. Basal spiniform branch single. Fore wing without 
bands of black androconia 7 3 ‘ A ‘ 5 : 3 5 


al uw 


MISS L, E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 167 
Tenth segment not produced in spines 6 
Tenth segment produced in spines : ’ ‘ ; , 

Tenth segment about as long as median lobe and cerci. Basal branch of clasper 
stoutly spiniform tafana sp. n. 


Tenth segment much shorter than median lobe or cerci. Basal branch of clasper slender 
mondoana sp. n. 


—————————— 


Fic. 58. Wings of Triaenodes spp. n. g. A, longispina; B, costalis ; 
Cc, nigrolineata ; D,tafana. 


168 D. E. KIMMINS 


7 Median lobe of tenth segment terminating in a en directed beak. Clasper 


with a complex, coral-like inner branch . . corallina sp. n. 
— Median lobe of tenth segment not beaked at apex. " Clasper without such j inner branch 8 
8 Fore wing almost entirely pale golden ‘ ; ‘ . ‘ ; aurea sp. n. 
~ Fore wing golden, with a fuscous apex ‘ ; ‘ ‘ : .  ustulata sp. n. 


Triaenodes longispina sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 58-59) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., iv—vili. 1933, 2 3, 4 9. 


General colour yellowish. Antennae luteous, strongly annulated with fuscous, the annulations 
becoming less distinct towards apices. Basal segment long, densely clothed with golden hairs. 
In a cleared male example can be seen a longitudinal flap running the length of the segment and 
covering a basal tuft of hairs. Maxillary palpi densely pubescent, mainly golden but fuscous at 
articulations. Legs yellowish, anterior tibia and tarsus brownish externally. Anterior wing with 
fine golden pubescence and with two distinct, and two less evident, spots of fuscous pubescence 
along the anal margin. In the apical area are three faint, transverse streaks of fuscous pubescence, 
one just basad of the anastomosis, another (more oblique) from the apex of the discoidal cell 
to the middle of the cell Cu,, and the third from the anterior margin to R;. Hind wing hyaline, 
very sparsely pubescent. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed dorsally, the apical margin produced in a transverse 
plate. Ventral margin much more produced and quadrate in ventral view. Tenth segment 
trilobed, the median lobe short, digitate, bearing two rows of short setae. Lateral lobes very 
long and spiniform, curving downwards. Cerci a little longer than median lobe of tenth segment, 
digitate. Aedeagus also very long, spiniform and curved, paralleling the spines of the tenth 
segment. Claspers fused basally, about twice as long as the ninth segment. Basally they are 
stout, tapering somewhat towards the apices. From the side, the apex is dilated and set with 
numerous setae, arising from elevated bases. The outer apical angle forms a strong, incurved 
hook and there is also a small finger-like projection above the base of the hook. 

9 GENITALIA. Eighth sternite with apical margin slightly convex, fringed with setae. Ninth 
and tenth tergites more or less fused, the line of fusion evident in side view as a “‘ step ’’ on the 
dorsal surface, but becoming very indefinte on the sides. The tenth segment forms a short, 
tapering anal tube with a truncate apex in side view. Bursa copulatrix as figured. There appears ~ 
to be a membranous tube or sac at the base, much telescoped near its attachment to the bursa. 

Length of fore wing, gj, 8 mm., 2, 7 mm. 


3 HoLotyPE (iv.1933) mounted as microscope preparations, ? allotype (vii. 1933) 
pinned, with abdomen cleared and in glycerine, paratypes pinned. This species 
differs from T. imsulana Ulmer and T. costalis sp. n. in the absence of the long, hood- 
like production of the tenth tergite and in its long, slender, spiniform appendages. 


Triaenodes costalis sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 58, 60) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vili.1933, I d. 


Head tawny yellow, with fulvous pubescence. Antennae pale, with fuscous annulations, 
basal segment long and bearing a longitudinal flap covering, at the base, a tuft of black hairs and 
with a tuft of golden hairs at the apex of the segment. Thorax tawny yellow, with fulvous 
pubescence. Legs pale fulvous. Fore wing densely clothed with fulvous pubescence and with 
two small fuscous spots along the posterior margin, the outer one at the arculus. The costal 
margin bears a dense fringe of broadened, black hairs on the under surface, directed obliquely 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 169 


Fic. 59. Triaenodes longispina sp. n. Genitalia. a, g, lateral; B, g, ninth and tenth 
tergites, dorsal; c, 3, ninth segment, claspers, ventral; pb, 9 lateral; E, 9, ventral. 


170. D. E. KIMMINS 


towards the apex of the wing and giving, in the pinned specimen, the appearance of a costal 
fold. Hind wing with fairly dense fuscous pubescence. 

6 GeEniTaLia. Ninth segment narrowed to a transverse rib dorsally, the ventral margin 
produced in a quadrate lobe with concave lateral margins and a shallow median excision. Tenth 
segment large and complex ; the upper portion comprised a slender median process between 


Fic. 60. Triaenodes costalis sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth tergites, 
dorsal ; c, ninth segment, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


two downcurved spines, which are half as long again as the median process. The lower portion 
forms a long, roof-like hood over the aedeagus, broad at its base, tapering to a narrow, bifid 
apex, which is obliquely truncate in side view. On each side, about midway, arises a short, 
blunt process. Cerci (left-hand missing in type) slender, digitate and divergent. Aedeagus stout 
at base, with a slender stem, trough-like and with an excised apex in ventral view ; two slender, 
blade-like parameres. Claspers with broad, fused bases and with slender, incurved, acute apices. 
From beneath, the basal part forms two rounded projections and the inner surface carries some 
much-branched processes, armed with stout setae. 
Length of fore wing, 3, 8 mm. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 171 


3d HOLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations. In the structure of the male 
genitalia, this species appears to have some affinity with T. insulana Ulmer, from 
Kei Island. There is a similar, rather long, hood-like tenth segment, the main branch 
of the clasper is rather long and caliper-like and there is no spiniform basal branch. 
There are, however, two blade-like parameres, which may be homologous with the 
spines rather confusingly shown in Ulmer’s figure, partly in solid and partly in 
broken line. In detail the genitalia are adequately distinct. Ulmer makes no men- 
tion of the costal band of broadened black hairs on the under surface of the fore wing. 


Triaenodes nigrolineata sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 58, 61) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., v.1933, I 2. 


Head tawny, with fulvous hairs. Antennae pale, annulated with fuscous, basal segment long, 
with a longitudinal flap covering traces of a basal tuft of hairs. Palpi fulvous. Thorax tawny, 
with golden pubescence. Legs luteous. Fore wing densely clothed with fulvous pubescence, 


Fic. 61. Triaenodes nigrolineata sp.n. 3 Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth tergites, 
dorsal ; c, ninth segment, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


172 D. E. KIMMINS 


with scattered spots of fuscous pubescence along the posterior margin, at the anastomosis and 
in the apical cellules. In the costal and radial areas are two clearly-defined, jet-black streaks 
composed of short, broad androconia on the dorsal surface of the wing. Hind wing with sparse, 
fuscous pubescence. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed above, but with the centre of the apical dorsal margin 
produced in a triangular plate with a bilobed apex. Cerci long and stout, digitate, slightly 
downcurved. Tenth segment forming a thickened, broad plate, covering the aedeagus, apex 
tapered and slightly excised. From beneath the apex arise two slender processes, apices trans- 
parent and each armed with a short seta. Aedeagus slender at base, arched downwards, apex 
membranous. Clasper with the main part slender from the side, apex slightly clavate and setose. 
The outer, upper margin is produced in a small, triangular lobe about midway. From beneath, 
the main part is broad at base, tapering to a truncate apex. On the upper surface towards the 
base is a transverse ridge, from which arises a pair of long, curved spines, the outer directed 
upwards and then curving caudad and inwards over the aedeagus. The inner spine is directed 
upward and caudad, running closely alongside the aedeagus. 

Length of fore wing, g, 6 mm. 


3 HoLotyPrE mounted as microscope preparations. This species differs from the 
previously mentioned ones in the presence of spiniform, basal branches of the claspers. 


Triaenodes tafana sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 58, 62) 
Papua: Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934, 2 3. 


General colour dark fulvous. Head with golden hairs. Antennae fulvous, annulated basally 
with gold. Basal segment long, clothed with a mixture of golden and fuscous hairs. There is a 
large oval flap on the dorsal surface, covering a ligulate structure. Palpi fulvous, annulated with 
fuscous. Thorax fuscous above, with golden pubescence, yellowish on the sides and beneath. 
Legs clothed with yellowish and fuscous pubescence. Fore wing with fuscous and pale golden 
pubescence, the latter forming marginal spots in the apical cellules and less definite markings 
elsewhere. There is a dark fuscous tuft about midway along the anal margin and another just 
beyond the arculus. Hind wing hyaline, sparsely pubescent. Apices of both wings very slightly 
falcate. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed dorsally to a transverse band. Ninth sternite moder- 
ately produced and rounded in ventral view. Cerci moderately long, flattened dorso-ventrally, 
tapering apically. Tenth segment forming a hood over the aedeagus, broad at its base in dorsal 
view, tapering to an excised apex. From its base on the upper surface arises a slender, digitate, 
median process, as long as the hood. Aedeagus long, curved, its upper surface membranous 
and with a single, spiniform paramere beneath. Clasper in side view somewhat swollen in basal 
half, apical half narrower and curved upwards. From the base of the clasper arises a strong, 
curved, blunt spine, terminating in a single seta. From beneath, the clasper is less dilated in its 
basal half, and the upcurved apical part tapers to an out-turned apex. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 6-5 mm. 


3g HoLotyPeE mounted as microscope preparations, paratype pinned. This species 
differs from T. nigrolineata sp. n. in the absence of the two lines of black androconia 
on the fore wing, the single, stout spiniform branch of the clasper and the longer 
median lobe of the tenth segment. Tenth segment not produced in spines. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 173 


Fic. 62. Tvriaenodes tafana sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth tergites, 
dorsal ; c, ninth segment, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


Triaenodes mondoana sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 63, 64) 
Papua: Mondo, 5,000 ft., 1.1934, I d. 


General appearance much as in T. ¢afanasp.n. The insect is rather smaller, the wings narrower 
and the fore wing blotched with fuscous and light and dark golden pubescence. Apex of fore 
wing not falcate, of hind wing only slightly falcate. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed above but with the apical margin convexly produced 
at its centre. Ventral margin produced in a short, transverse plate, the centre of whose apical 
margin is slightly excised. Cerci digitate, slightly divergent. Tenth segment forming a short 
hood with lateral margins turned down and apices slightly produced. From the base there arises. 
an elongate, slender median process, whose apex is bifid in dorsal view. Aedeagus long, arched, 
the dorsal surface membranous and somewhat granulose, apparently without parameres. 
Claspers each with a spiniform basal branch, asymmetric in the type. Both are directed first 


174 D. E. KIMMINS 


towards the base of the abdomen and then curve upwards and caudad alongside the aedeagus. 
That of the left clasper is a very weak, slender, rather short spine but that on the right is stronger 
and much longer, curving upwards and crossing over the dorsal surface of the aedeagus. The 


SS 


Fic. 63. Wings of Tviaenodes spp. n. g. A, mondoana; B, corallina; C, aurea; D, 
ustulata. 


main part of the clasper is about as long as the ninth segment, its width at base in side view 
about two-fifths of its length, tapering gently to the apex. The upper surface is irregularly 
serrate. From beneath, the claspers are fused basally, and in their apical two-thirds each is 
slightly sinuously parallel-sided, inner apical margin set with socketed teeth. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 5-5 mm. 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 175 


$ HOLotyPE pinned, one pair of wings mounted between cover-glasses, abdomen 
in glycerine. This species is very similar in general appearance to the previous one 
but the male genitalia are entirely distinct. The fact that two such comparatively 


Fic. 64. Triaenodes mondoana sp.n. ¢ Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth tergites, 
dorsal ; c, ninth segment, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


similar insects should have such different male genitalia stresses the danger of 
attempting to associate males and females on general appearance. 


Triaenodes corallina sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 63, 65) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vii, ix.1933, 2 3. 


General appearance and wing pattern as in T. longispina sp. n. Wing venation also similar, 
but apices of wings more acute, that of the hind wing being slightly falcate. 


176 D. E. KIMMINS 


$ GENITALIA. Ninth segment cut back dorsally to a narrow, transverse band. Ventral margin 
quadrately produced, with a wide excision in ventral view. Cerci digitate, moderately stout. 
Upper part of tenth segment forming a long, slender median process, lower apical margin pro- 


Fic. 65. Tviaenodes corallina sp.n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth tergites, 
dorsal ; c, ninth segment, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


duced downwards in an acute beak. Lower part of the tenth segment forms a long hood, broad 
at its base, lateral margins tapering sinuously to a rounded apex. From beneath the apex 
extend two long, slender, semi-transparent processes, reaching slightly beyond the apex of the 
upper part. Aedeagus moderately long, slender at base, arching downwards. Claspers fused 
basally. The main part is about twice as long as deep in side view, its apex obliquely excised, 
the lower apical angle pointed. From the inner surface about midway arises a branched, some- 
what coral-like structure, all its terminal branches armed with short setae. Spiniform basal 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 177 


branch erect, its apex directed caudad. From beneath, the apex of the main part of the clasper 
is strongly serrate. 
Length of fore wing, g, 8-5 mm. 


$ HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations, paratype pinned. This species 
may be recognized by the beaked apex of the median process of the tenth segment, 
the rather long tenth segment with slender apical spines and by the complex, coral-like 
inner branch of the clasper. 


Triaenodes aurea sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 63, 66) 
Papua: Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., i11.1934, I dg. 


General appearance yellowish, with golden pubescence. Antennae luteous, with fuscous 
annulations. Basal segment long, densely clothed with long golden pubescence. The dorsal 
flap on this segment is small, barely covering the basal half. Thorax with long golden pubescence. 
Legs luteous. Fore wing with dense golden pubescence, a patch of fuscous pubescence half-way 
along anal margin and an indistinct patch of fuscous pubescence about half-way between 
anastomis and apex. Hind wing with sparse golden pubescence. Wings rather narrow, apices 
not falcate. Discoidal cell in fore wing elongate, about as long as its footstalk. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment dorsally fused with tenth. Ninth sternite produced in a quadrate 
lobe with sinuous apical margin. Cerci long, digitate. Tenth segment forming a broad, plate-like 
hood, its lateral apical angles produced in long, downcurved spines, with a U-shaped excision 
between them. Median lobe of tenth segment also very long, exceeding the cerci, slender and 
digitate, with a short, transparent process on each side about midway. Aedeagus long and arched 
downwards, membranous above. Claspers fused basally, each composed of a basal branch and 
with the main part of the clasper divided into an outer and an inner lobe. The basal branch is 
slender, about as long as clasper and arched beneath the aedeagus. The outer lobe is roughly 
triangular in side view, digitate in ventral view. The inner lobe, which is also the lower, is about 
twice as long as the outer. It is slightly forcipate, the inner margin with a serrate projection 
about midway, apex of clasper acute. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 8-5 mm. 


$ HoLotyPeE mounted as microscope preparations. This species may be recognized 
by the almost entirely golden fore wings and by the distinctive male genitalia. 


Triaenodes ustulata sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 63, 67) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., v-vii. 1933, I 3, 14 @. 


Head tawny, with golden hairs. Antennae luteous, with fuscous annulations, basal segment 
long, clothed with golden hairs; in the male, the flap is as long as segment. Maxillary palpi 
with fuscous pubescence. Thorax tawny, with golden pubescence on dorsum. Legs luteous. 
Fore wing with dense golden pubescence on most of wing, except the apex, which is fuscous. 
Hind wing with sparse fuscous pubescence. In fore wing, discoidal cell is longer than its footstalk. 

g Greniraria. Ninth sternite produced in a transverse lobe with a truncate apex. Dorsal 
margin of ninth segment fused with tenth and produced in a long, tapering, sclerotized spine 
with a bifid apex. This is probably the more than usually sclerotized median lobe of the tenth 

ENTOM, IT, 4. to 


178 D. E. KIMMINS 


Fic. 66. Tvriaenodes aurea sp. n. g Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth tergites, 
dorsal; c, ninth segment, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


segment. Lateral lobes of the tenth segment also produced in long, sinuous spines. Cerci about 
half as long as median lobe, in side view dilated about midway, in dorsal view slender. Aedeagus 
short and arched, membranous above. Claspers fused basally, short, divided into an upper and 
a lower branch, in addition to the usual basal branch. The latter is spiniform, sickle-shaped, 
with a short, ventral spur about midway. Upper branch of clasper arising about midway along 
lower branch, somewhat clavate in side view and setose. Lower branch tapering to an acute 
apex in side view, broadly triangular in ventral view. 

Q GeniTaLia. Eighth sternite truncate apically and fringed with setae. Ninth and tenth 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 179 


tergites fused to form a hood, apex truncate in side view. Tenth sternite (?) forming a short, 
transverse plate with an elongated apodeme. Lateral gonapophyses somewhat reniform in 
side view, a deep excision between each and the apical margin of the combined ninth and tenth 
segments. Bursa copulatrix as figured. 

Length of fore wing, 3, 6 mm., 9, 5-6 mm. 


g HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations, 2 allotype pinned, abdomen in 
glycerine, paratypes pinned. The fuscous tips of the fore wings make this species 
easily recognizable. 


Fic. 67. Triaenodes ustulata sp. n. Genitalia. a, g, lateral; B, g, ninth and tenth 
tergites, dorsal; c, g, ninth segment, claspers and aedeagus, ventral; D, Q, lateral ; 
E, 9, ventral. 

ENTOM, II, 4. 10§ 


180 D. E. KIMMINS 


Triaenodes sp. 


In addition to the specimens of Tviaenodes described in this paper, Miss Cheesman’s 
collection contains a further eighteen females from Kokoda, two from Mt. Cyclops and 
one from Mt. Tafa. These cannot be associated with any of the previous species and 
they are left therefore as Tviaenodes spp. 9. 


Adicella pulcherrima Ulmer 


Dutcu NEw GUINEA: Cyclops Mts., Mt. Lina, 3,500-4,500 ft., i11.1936, 2 3. 
Previously recorded from Java and Sumatra. 


Setodes niveolineata sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 684, 69) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vi-ix.1933, 6 3, 9 2. 


Head fuscous, with fuscous and broadened, snow-white hairs, the latter forming three longi- 
tudinal lines on the vertex, the lateral ones diverging from the antennal bases to the back of the 


Fic. 68. Setodes spp. n. Wings. A, niveolineata; B, papuana. 


head. Antennae snow-white beneath, pale luteous above, with faint fuscous annulations ; 
basal segment with fuscous and whitish pubescence. Palpi with fuscous and greyish pubescence. 
Thorax fuscous, dorsally with four longitudinal lines of broadened, snow-white hairs, the outer 
ones being continued, when the wings are closed, by a line of similar hairs in the anal area of the 
fore wing. Legs fulvous, with fuscous pubescence, anterior femur and tibia with white pubescence 
externally, anterior tarsus snow-white dorsally, articulations fuscous. Fore wing densely clothed 
with reddish brown pubescence, most of the cells with narrow, longitudinal streaks of broadened, 


MISS L.. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 181 


Fic. 69. Setodes niveolineata sp. n. Genitalia. a, g, lateral; B, g, ninth and tenth 
tergites and parameres, dorsal ; c, 3, ninth sternite and claspers, ventral ; D, J, the same, 
from behind ; E, 9, lateral; F, 9, ventral. 


182 D. E. KIMMINS 


snow-white hairs, the streaks being margined with fuscous pubescence. There is an arched white 
streak, similarly bordered with fuscous, just behind the apex of the wing. Hind wing only 
sparsely clothed with fuscous pubescence. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed dorsally, where it is fused with the tenth. Apical 
margin of ninth sternite produced at its centre in a narrow, truncate lobe, the apical margin on 
either side being widely concave. Tenth segment at base about half as wide as ninth segment, 
forming a hood, whose apical angles are extended downwards as curved spines, which are about 
as long as the tenth segment. Cerci short, digitate. Aedeagus short and arched in side view, 
apex acute. From behind, the apex is at first parallel-sided, then tapering to an acute apex. 
From the upper margin of the aedeagus, about midway, arises a pair of strong, sinuous, spini- 
form parameres, converging and then diverging in dorsal view. Clasper deep and broad at base, 
two-branched. In side view, the upper branch is separated from the lower by a short, rounded 
excision and is directed upwards and then caudad. From behind, it diverges and tapers to a nar- 
row, truncate apex. The lower branch is bluntly triangular in side view and, when viewed from 
behind, tapers to a strong, acute spur, with a smaller spur about half-way along its inner margin. 

9 GENITALIA. Ninth segment more or less synscleritous, tenth tergite fused with it. The latter 
forms a long, spatulate lobe, very thin in side view, tapering to a rounded apex in dorsal view. 
Cerci short, flattened. Lateral gonapophyses about as long as ninth segment, apical margin 
excised at its lower corner to make a small, digitate process bearing one or two strong, apical 
setae. Ninth sternite broad, apical margin sinuous. There is a longitudinal, median carina in 
the apical half of the sternite. Bursa copulatrix strongly sclerotized. 

Length of fore wing, g, 5-6-2 mm., 2, 4:7—-5:4 mm. 


3g HoLotyPE mounted as microscope preparations, 2 allotype pinned, with 
abdomen cleared and in glycerine, paratypes pinned. The markings of the fore wing 
somewhat resemble those of the African species, Hemileptocerus gregarius Ulmer and 
H. hargreavest (Ulmer), but both the male and female genitalia follow the pattern of 
Setodes unispina Martynov (India). In the male, there is a similar tenth segment, 
terminating in two spines, there are two spiniform parameres and the claspers are 
bilobed, though less complex than in niveolineata. In the female, the tenth tergite is 
also long, and the lateral gonapophyses are similarly formed. Martynov’s specimens 
were in alcohol and no wing pattern was visible. 


Setodes papuana sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 688, 70, 71) 
Papua: Kokoda, 1,200 ft., v-ix.1933, 19 3, II &. 


Head yellowish, with golden pubescence, in unrubbed examples with four narrow, longitudinal 
bands of broadened, pearly white hairs. Antennae luteous, most of the segments banded apically 
with fuscous, basal segment unmarked. Palpi yellowish. Thorax yellowish, also with four pearly 
white lines in unrubbed specimens. Legs yellowish. Fore wing densely clothed with golden 
yellow pubescence and with rows of small spots formed of pearly white hairs. Hind wing with 
sparse fuscous pubescence. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth and tenth tergites fused to form a hood-like dorsal plate. In dorsal 
view it is broad at its base, tapering to a rounded apex, about half as wide as base, and with a 
minute median excision. Cerci fused to dorsal surface of tenth segment, appearing as broad, 
shallow, setiferous warts. Aedeagus narrow and arched, apex somewhat membranous and bearing 
four minute spines. From its base arise a pair of long, slender, spiniform parameres, arching 
above the aedeagus and exceeding it in length. Clasper in side view slightly upcurved and 
tapering towards the apex, which is acute and hooked. Between the claspers, and arising 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 183 


Fic. 70. Setodes papuana sp. n. ¢ Genitalia. a, lateral; B, ninth and tenth tergites, 
dorsal ; c, ninth sternite, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. 


184 D. E. KIMMINS 


from their fused bases is a slender, bifurcate structure, situated beneath the aedeagus, and no 
doubt representing partly-fused second basal branches. 

Q GENITALIA. Ninth and tenth tergites fused, the tenth projecting in a triangular lobe with 
rounded apex in ventral view, appearing as a tapering finger in side view. Cerci reduced to short, 
setiferous warts, one on each side of the tenth segment. Ninth sternite forming a projecting 
subgenital plate, thin and roughly quadrate in ventral view, apical margin bilobed, basal 
margin convex. Lateral gonapophyses stout, downcurved, reniform in side view, apices almost 
meeting ventrally and armed with strong setae. The ventral membrane between the eighth and 
ninth sternites clothed with numerous setae. Bursa copulatrix complex and obscure. 

Length of fore wing, g, 9, 5-6 mm. 


$ HoLotTyPE mounted as microscope preparations, 2 allotype pinned, with abdo- 
men cleared and in glycerine, paratypes pinned. This species resembles S. argentifera 
McLachlan (India) in the pattern of the fore wings and in the male genitalia. The 
aedeagus of papuana is shorter than the parameres and the claspers have only two 
basal branches (one pair partly fused basally) instead of three. 


Family LEPIDOSTOMATIDAE 
Dinarthropsis picea Ulmer 


Dutcu NEw GuINEA: Cyclops Mts., Mt. Lina, 3,500—4,500 ft., iii. 1936, 2 3. 
Previously recorded from Java. 


Goerodes japenensis sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 72-74) 
Dutcu NEw GUINEA: Japen Island, Mt. Eiori, 2,000 ft., ix.1938, 2 3, 7 9. 


6. Both males have been affected by moisture and are somewhat bedraggled and the type 
had a coating of mould. The general coloration is tawny yellow. Spurs 2.4.4. Antennae with 
a long basal segment, in frontal view with the inner surface convex and densely fringed with long, 
fine setae. Maxillary palpi probably two-segmented, terminal segment about three times as long 
as basal, slender, tapering, directed upwards at right angles to the basal segment and heavily 
shrouded in long, fine, golden setae. Thorax and legs tawny. 

Fore wing elongate. The costal margin is folded over at the base, covering the subcosta and 
radius, the fold gradually narrowing to the apex of the wing and with a long, dense fringe of 
pale setae. At the bases of the radial sector and media, the membrane is impressed to form a 
narrow pouch, filled with orange scales, which projects on the under surface of the wing like a 
semi-ovate purse. Beyond this pouch, the membrane is doubled over on itself to make a long 
medio-cubital fold or groove, almost reaching to the apical margin. This fold is lined with scale- 
hairs and the veins anterior to it bear similar broadened hairs. The fold obscures the venation 
between R; and Cuz, the area between Cz, and the anal fold wide. The cells R, and Ry, are about 
half the length of the fore wing. Hind wing sparsely pubescent, discoidal cell open, R, and Rg 
fused, cell R, present, more than half as long as wing. 

9. The females have also been affected by dampness. The general colour is rather darker 
than the males. Antenna with a long basal segment, but not unusually heavily fringed. In 
the fore wing, forks Re, Ry, M, and Cu, present, the first three more than one-third the length 
of the wing. In the hind wing, forks R2, Ry and Cu, present, discoidal cell present. 

6 GENITALIA. Ninth segment short. Tenth segment fused to it, obscurely quadrifid, the two 
inner branches reduced to small, triangular lobes with an excision between them. Outer branches 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 185 


Mite 


a 
rr LALMMMM«LE CE 


Fic. 72. Goerodes japenensis sp. n. g. A, wings; B, basal segment of right antenna ; 
c, palpi, lateral. 


Fic. 73. Goevodes japenensis sp. n. ¢g Genitalia. a, lateral; 8, dorsal; c, ventral. 


186 D. E. KIMMINS 


long, slender, apices slightly dilated and bearing long setae. Aedeagus strongly arched downwards. 
Clasper strong, incurved, about four times as long as wide, constricted in its apical third to a 
finger terminating in a bunch of stout setae. Each clasper carries four branches. There is a slender 
branch arising from the inner basal margin, directed caudad. At about one-third from the base 
arises the usual, erect, incurved branch and at the level of the apical constriction are two more 
branches, slender and incurved, the uppermost the longer. 


Fic. 74. Goerodes japenensis sp.n. 2. A, wings ; B, genitalia, lateral; c, the same, ventral. 


Q GeniTALiA. Eighth tergite with lateral angles triangularly produced. Eighth sternite 
lightly sclerotized, forming a broad subgenital plate with a convex apical margin. Ninth and 
tenth tergites fused to make a broad hood, apical margin elevated in a pair of rounded projections. 
Lateral gonapophyses short and deep, rounded. Bursa copulatrix short and rounded. 

Length of fore wing, g, 9, 8 mm. 


3g HoLotyre, 9 allotype mounted as microscope preparations, paratypes pinned. 
The male genitalia of this specimen are quite typical of the genus Goerodes, as defined 
by Mosely. In wing venation, the male differs somewhat from at least the majority 


—— 


MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 


of the described species in the absence of a closed discoidal cell in the hind wing 
(although this may be an aberration) and in the presence in the fore wing of a 


distinct fold or groove in the medio-cubital area. 


Lepidostomatidae 99 


DutcH NEw GUINEA: Mt. Cyclops, 3,500 ft., 11.1936, 7 9. 


These females cannot be associated with Dinarthropsis picea Ulmer, since there is a 
closed discoidal cell in the hind wing. 


INDEX TO SPECIES DESCRIBED OR FIGURED 


aberrans, Tinodes, 132 
acuminata, Oecetis, 161 
arctipennis, Oecetis, 156 
asymmetrica, Oecetis, 165 
aurea, Triaenodes, 177 
auricollis, Polycentropus, 127 
bispina, Hydroptila, 106 
cheesmanae, Chimarra, 115 
cheesmanae, Hydropsychodes, 142 
cheesmanae, Leptocerus, 152 
corallina, Triaenodes, 175 
costalis, Triaenodes, 168 
cyclopica, Chimarra, 108 
cyclopicus, Ecnomus, 134 
excavata, Herbertorossia, 137 
falcata, Chimarra, 117 
gilolensis McL., Notanatolica, 150 
grandis, Polycentropus, 121 
io, Anisocentropus, 146 
japenensis, Goerodes, 184 
kokodana, Chimarra, 119 
kokodana, Orthotrichia, 104 
longispina, Triaenodes, 168 
longiterga, Oecetis, 161 
mafulua, Diplectrona, 145 
mambia, Oecetis, 157 
marginata, Oecetis, 163 


mondoana, Triaenodes, 173 
moselyi, Hydropsyche, 135 
moselyi, Polycentropus, 125 
nigrolineata, Triaenodes, 171 
niveolineata, Setodes, 188 
obscura, Orthotrichia, 103 
orakaivai, Herbertorossia, 141 
ornata, Oecetis, 157 

papuana, Chimarra, I10 
papuana, Percivalia, 100 
papuana, Setodes, 182 

piceus, Polycentropus, 128 
productus, Synagapetus, 102 
rosselinus Navas, Polycentropus, 130 
sabrona, Chimarra, 113 
sabronensis, Herbertorossia, 137 
schmidi, Chimarra, III 
similis, Polycentropus, 130 
sinuosa, Chimarra, 118 
sinuosus, Polycentropus, 124 
squamosa, Oecetis, 154 
striata, Herbertorossia, 139 
subfusca, Abacaria, 143 
tafana, Triaenodes, 172 
ulmeri, Chimarra, 114 
ustulata, Triaenodes, 177 


“PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY _ 
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A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF 


ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 
WITH NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS 


OF NEW SPECIES 


THERESA CLAY 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. § 
LONDON: 1962 


Pehiey TO THE SPECIES OF 
ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS WITH NOTES 
AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES 


BY it Ry, 
_ 4.9% 


THERESA CLAY , ,; 


British Museum (Natural History) ts 


Pp. 189-244; Plates 4-11 ; 72 Text-figures 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. § 
LONDON : 1962 


THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 
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AREY ' LO THE SPECIES OF 
ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS WITH NOTES 
AND: DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES 


By THERESA CLAY 


SNOP SS 


The characters of the genus Actornithophilus, its possible subgenera and the 
generic position of Colpocephalum pediculoides Mjdberg are discussed. Intra- 
specific variation and the characters which may be of phylogenetic and taxonomic 
importance are considered. A short account of the host-parasite relationships is 
given. The species, subspecies and local populations are discussed with special 
reference to the relation between size of the individuals in populations from related 
hosts. Notes are given on some of the species-groups comprising the genus ; seven 
new species are described and three neotypes and five lectotypes designated ; notes 
are given on the interpretation of some names. There is a key to the species, a 
glossary of terms used and a list of the species of Actornithophilus parasitic on the 
Charadriiformes. 


INTRODUCTION 


TIMMERMANN (1954 and 1957) has published a survey of the species of Actornitho- 
pilus in the British Museum (Natural History), and it has now been thought useful 
to publish a key for their identification. 

The examination of a greater number of species and a better understanding of the 
characters of the Menoponidae has shown that “ A Preliminary Key to the Genera 
of Menoponidae ”’ (Clay, 1947) is unsatisfactory in a number of points, especially 
couplets 42-47 which include Longimenopon (referred to as “ New genus F’’) and 
Actornithophilus. Emerson (1956) has rediscovered the interesting species Colpoce- 
phalum pediculotdes Mjoberg, 1910, from the type host Arenaria interpres and since 
then Major W. W. A. Phillips has collected a good series from the same host in 
Ceylon, and recently some specimens from this host collected in Saudi Arabia have 
been found in the Meinertzhagen collection in the British Museum. Emerson 
discusses the generic position of this species and shows that it is somewhat inter- 
mediate between Longimenopon and Actornithophilus and decides on the characters 
of the head and the sparse abdominal chaetotaxy to place it in Longimenopon. 
The present writer, since examining better preserved material of Longimenopon 
and of pediculoides and comparing the latter with Actornithophilus erinaceus 
Timmermann (Text-fig. 13 and Timmermann, 1954, pl. 26, fig. b) and A. sabulosus 
sp. n. considers that the degree of the expansion of the head, the form of the pre- 


ocular notch and the density of the abdominal chaetotaxy, cannot be used as generic 
ENTOM. II, 5. II 


192 THERESA CLAY 


characters in Actornithophilus. The characters of the dorso-lateral margin of the 
head and the position of the eyes in the available material of Longimenopon from 
the Procellariiformes appear to differ from those of pediculoides and of any of the 
species of Actornithophilus. The fact that pediculotdes has a marked brush of 
setae on sternum IV, characteristic of Actornithophilus but not of Longimenopon, 
shows that this species, together with sabulosus sp. n., should be included in 
Actornithophilus. It may prove, however, that Longimenopon is not generically 
separable from Actornithophilus (see Timmermann, 1957: 110). It is possible that 
these species with elongated heads and elongated, poorly sclerotized abdomens 
without well-marked pleural thickening and, in some species at least, extremely 
brittle setae, such as Somaphantus lusius Paine, Longimenopon spp., Actornitho- 
philus pediculoides (Mjéberg) comb. n. and Rediella mirabilis Hopkins live inside 
the quill feathers. This would account for their rarity in collections and for certain 
characters which they have in common. Somaphantus spencei Emerson, which 
has the characters listed above, was found in the quill feathers of a peacock, and 
Actornithophilus patellatus (Piaget), also with these characters, lives in the quills of 
the curlew. Presumably their tubular form and soft and flexible abdomen is asso- 
ciated with having to pass through the hole which they make in the quill. 


ACTORNITHOPHILUS Ferris, 1916 


Actornithophilus Ferris, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48 : 303. Type species Colpocephalum uniseriatum 

Piaget. 

Diabtoracchaniitas Balat, 1953. Zool. ent. Listy, 2:96, 104. Type species: Actornithophilus 
svobodat Balat (= svobodae Balat). 
Clypeodon Timmermann, 1954. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12) 7: 830. Type species : Colpocephalum 

incisum Piaget. Syn. n. 

Menoponidae without sclerotized processes (“‘ oral spines ’’) arising near base of 

maxillary palpi and without combs of spine-like setae on the venter of the third 
femora or any of the abdominal sterna. Antennal fossae never deep; preocular 
notch present, never a narrow preocular slit ; position of eyes normal; gular plate 
and setae present. Ends of temples square or flatly rounded. Pro-, meso-, and 
metasternal plates developed ; two to three prosternal setae; mesosternal plate with 
one or more central setae. Mesothorax well defined dorsally with the four anterior 
mesothoracic setae not lying close together in one group, the outer seta each side 
is sometimes larger than the central ones (Text-fig. 16). Third femora and abdo- 
minal sternum IV with thick or sparse brushes, sterna III and V may also have 
brushes but always less well developed than those on IV. On abdominal tergites 
I-VIII the post-spiracular seta is the first seta at each end of the posterior marginal 
Tow. 
At the present time it is difficult to suggest the affinities of many of the genera 
of the Menoponidae. In the case of Actornithophilus, all that can be said is that 
in the general characters of the head, the presence in some species of sexual di- 
morphism of the anterior setae of the head and in the sterna of the thorax, 
Actornithophilus resembles the Colpocephalum group ; it differs in the arrangement 
of the anterior mesothoracic setae and the absence of combs of spine-like setae. 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 193 


Species of Actornithophilus are known to parasitize representatives of all the 
families of the suborder Charadrii (sens. Peters, 1934) with the exception of the 
Jacanidae and Thinocoridae, and of all the suborder Lari with the exception of the 
Stercorariidae and Rynchopidae from which there are no authentic records. 
The only species (A. perplanus) taken from a member of the suborder Alcae was 
based on a single specimen and proves to belong to the ochraceus group; it was 
probably a straggler from Pluvialis or Squatarola (see below, p. 232). Timmermann 
(1954) has separated generically under Clypeodon the species incisus Piaget, 
ceruleus Timmermann and pacificus Timmermann, the latter name being a synonym 
of incisus (see below, p. 202). There is a possibility that both incisus and ceruleus 
are found on the Sterninae genus Anous (see below, p. 201). If this is the case the 
genus Clypeodon would be restricted to the species parasitizing this genus, while 
the species on the rest of the suborder Lari would be included in Actornithophilus. 
The Clypeodon group is distinguished by the sexually dimorphic setae of the head, 
an exaggeration of a character found in some species of Actornithophilus from the 
Charadrii, by differences in the male genitalia, the characters of which are not 
usually useful generic criteria, and by the sexual dimorphism in the shape of the 
head ; on these characters the females are not generically separable. However, 
the characters given in the first couplet of the following key, common to the species 
found on the suborder Lari and serving to separate them from the species found 
on the Charadrii, may prove to be of greater phylogenetic importance. If this is 
the case then either the species from the Larinae and the rest of the Sterninae must 
also be included in Clypeodon or placed in another new genus, as they are more 
closely related to Clypeodon than they are to Actornithophilus, or alternatively all 
the species can be included in Actornithophilus. This latter solution will be adopted 
here. 

Balat (1953) divided the species of Actornithophilus into two subgenera based on 
the chaetotaxy of the tergites, placing those with one or more rows of anterior setae 
in his new subgenus Diactornithophilus, type species D. svobodai Balat = gracilis 
Piaget from Vanellus vanellus. As shown below, the abdominal tergites of different 
specimens of one species may have no anterior setae, one or two on a segment, or a 
well-marked row, even within a population from one host individual. This division 
would also separate generically the ochraceus and hoplopteri groups which resemble 
each other in other characters. It does not therefore seem possible to recognize 
Diactornithophilus even as a subgenus. 

VARIATION. It may be said at once that it is not possible to make a key which 
will identify every specimen of Actornithophilus correctly. Differences between 
species are largely based on chaetotaxy and there may be specimens which are 
abnormal in this character. An extreme example is a specimen found in a collection 
of Actornithophilus from Vanellus vanellus sent by Dr. Balat which is unlike any 
other known Actornithophilus in having the metanotum thickly covered with setae 
and extra setae on the dorsum of the temples; it differs from typical gracilis in 
having many more tergal setae. However, the form of the preocular nodi, the shape 
and size of the head and other characters suggest that this is a specimen of gracilis 
with abnormal chaetotaxy. In those species (example: A. totani) in which the 


194 THERESA CLAY 


tergal chaetotaxy of the male is heavy, there may be considerable individual varia- 
tion in the density of the anterior tergal setae. Specimens of A. hoplopteri s. 1. 
usually have most of the tergites with some anterior setae, but within a given 
population there may be specimens with setae and others with none, and populations 
from some hosts rarely or never have anterior setae. Other examples are males of 
sedes and females of wntseriatus which may have no anterior tergal setae, a few, or a 
well-marked row on some tergites. The relative lengths of the post-spiracular 
setae may be useful taxonomic characters (Text-fig. 72), but show some individual 
variation ; another useful taxonomic character is the presence or absence of anterior 
tergal setae on the last segment of the abdomen, but occasionally in the female a 
specimen may differ from the majority of the population in this character, for 
example one female of limosae has been found without these setae and one of 
pustulosus with them. Other characters which show individual variation are: 
(i) in the ochraceus group the relative lengths of dorsal head setae a and b and 
whether a is spiniform; (ii) the presence of a long central prosternal seta: this 
is always present in patellatus and pediculoides (Text-fig. 17) but in some species 
especially in the wmbrinus group it is present only in an occasional specimen ; (iii) 
the number and position of the ventral setae on the last segment of the male abdo- 
men ; (iv) the male genital sclerite which may show variation in the extent of the 
anterior division, although the junction of the sclerite to the sac may be a useful 
taxonomic character. 

CHARACTERS OF PHYLOGENETIC AND TAXONOMIC IMPORTANCE. Keys, although 
useful as a method of delimiting populations into definable taxa and encouraging 
the study of individual variation in the search for constant specific characters, may 
give a false idea of relationships as useful key characters are not necessarily of 
phylogenetic importance (see also Bigelow, 1958). In Actornithophilus, in which the 
type of abdominal chaetotaxy gives such a distinctive appearance to the species and 
is useful taxonomically, the characters of possible phylogenetic importance may be 
overlooked. Thus, the populations from some species of Tvinga resemble the rest 
of the wmbrinus group from the Scolopacidae in the general appearance of the abdo- 
minal chaetotaxy while those from other species resemble some of the hoplopteri 
group from the Charadriidae. As it is the general rule for the Mallophaga para- 
sitizing related! hosts to be themselves related, it seems reasonable to consider the 
characters common to populations from related hosts as ones of possible phylo- 
genetic inportance, although of course some of these may be directly adaptive and 
convergent in origin (see also Clay, 1951 : 173). Baladt (1953 : 15) bases his sub- 
genus Diactornithophilus on the number of rows of tergal setae, and thus includes 
the populations from Vanellus, Tringa, Philomachus, Limosa, Calidris ; here also 
would have to go the populations from Hoplopterus and some other genera of the 
Vanellinae (sens. Peters, 1934). However, if the populations from this latter sub- 
family are considered together, a number of characters (see p. 202) can be found 
which are common to all the populations, and which separate them from the 


1“ Related ”’ as applied to a group of taxa is used in the generally accepted sense that these taxa have 
a number of characters in common which separate them as a distinct group, whether or not some of the 
included taxa may actually be phylogenetically more closely related to other less similar taxa. 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 195 


populations found on most of the Charadriinae (sens. Peters) and those from other 
host groups, and which are possibly less directly associated with the habitat provided 
by the feathers of the bird than is the abdominal chaetotaxy. Not all the host 
genera and species are parasitized by the species-group of Actornithophilus which 
would be expected from their generally accepted classification, but there are sufficient 
cases to make it possible to apply this method and to enumerate the characters 
which probably show relationship within the genus. These are: length of seta at 
base of labial palp, presence or absence of head sensillus 4 and dorsal head seta d, 
number of mesosternal setae (whether one or three or more), size of the preocular 
occipital and thoracic nodi, size of the marginal setae of the prothorax and meta- 
thorax (although there is a tendency towards individual variation here) and some- 
times the form of the pleural thickening. Also sometimes the abdominal tergal chaeto- 
taxy. 

Characters which may be useful for the separation of species but do not 
necessarily show wider relationships are: the form of the dorso-lateral margin of 
the head ; size of dorsal head setae a, e and f, and dorsal prothoracic seta 1; the 
degree of development of the hypopharyngeal sclerite ; the form of the prosternal 
plate and whether it surrounds the prosternal setae ; the presence or absence of long 
anterior setae on the metanotum and anterior dorsal setae on the last abdominal 
segment ; the number of tibial setae; the relative length and thickness of the 
post-spiracular setae ; the setal pattern on the margins of the tergites; the number 
of rows and size of the anterior tergal setae ; the number of inner posterior setae 
on the last segment of the female abdomen ; the degree of development of the internal 
anterior processes of the tergites and the internal pleural thickening ; and the form 
of the sclerite in the genital sac. The number and arrangement of the setae of the 
legs are fairly constant throughout the genus ; differences are found in the size of the 
three setae at the distal end of the ventral surface of tibiae II-III, at least one of 
which is stout and spine-like, and in the number of setae along the outer lateral 
margins of tibiae I-III. On tibiae II and III there are usually two long and one 
or two short outer latero-ventral setae (Text-fig. 52), and a number of outer latero- 
dorsal setae, the two most distal of which are not included in the counts (Text- 
fig. 51). In A. incisus, A. ceruleus, A. piceus and A. lari the first outer latero- 
ventral seta is shorter and finer than in other species of Actornithophilus and in 
A. tetralicis sp. n. there are one to two extra latero-ventral setae (Text-fig. 54), and 
the outer latero-dorsal setae of tibiae II-III are more numerous. These differences 
may not always be obvious when the leg is distorted in some way during mounting. 
There are other minor characters which appear in the key, and of course there may 
be others which have been overlooked. 

One of the most useful characters is the setal pattern on the margins of the tergites. 
Setal pattern A (see glossary) is found on the margin of the metathorax of all species 
from the Charadrii with the exception of most specimens of grandiceps, and on the 
abdominal tergites of certain groups. Even in those males in which there are more 
numerous marginal setae, there may be six stouter and longer setae which probably 
represent the six central setae of pattern A and in these species the females have setal 
pattern A, at least on tergite VIII ; this suggests that it may be the primitive setal 


196 THERESA CLAY 


pattern of Actornithophilus. In the species where the males have setal pattern 
A, the females usually have the modified pattern A.z (see glossary) on tergite VIII. 
When considering the possible phylogenetic relationships within the genus, this setal 
pattern may be important (see also Timmermann, 1957). If pattern A is the more 
primitive one, from which the denser chaetotaxy has been developed more than 
once, it would explain the apparent similarity of certain species from unrelated 
hosts. Thus all the known populations parasitic on the Charadriidae (sens. Peters, 
1934) have setal pattern A on segments I-VII. They are also characterized by the 
large size of the preocular, occipital and thoracic nodi. Rather similar species are 
found on the Recurvirostrinae, Glaveola and Pluvianus (family Glareolidae) and 
Chionis (family Chionidae). Whereas both the species from Pluvianus (A. hoplo- 
pteri sens. lat.) and Chionts (A. pauliani) seem to be genuinely related to A. hoplopteri 
and are perhaps fairly recent acquisitions from another host, the species from the 
Recurvirostrinae differ in a number of characters (see below, p. 208) and their 
apparent similarity to the ochraceus group may merely be due to the retention of 
certain primitive characters. This also may be the case with the species A. sedes 
from Glareola. 

HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS. In considering the phylogeny and host rela- 
tionships of Actornithophilus it is important to bear in mind the possibility that there 
may have been natural straggling of a temporary nature, natural straggling followed 
by establishment on the new host, or contamination during collecting. The species 
of Actornithophilus are fast runners and often leave the dead host when this is 
handled. They appear also to leave the host during incubation. Thompson 
(1936 : 94) and Eichler (1946: 5) give records of species being found on eggs of 
waders. On some waders Actornithophilus is rare and the absence of competition 
may have made the establishment of a straggling species easier. It is possible that 
species with the simple setal pattern could have established themselves on a new 
host, the more complicated setal pattern of the species found on the Eroliinae, for 
instance, perhaps being a special adaptation to the feathers of the hosts. There is 
also the possibility that there may have been some hybridization between popula- 
tions, especially those of the ochraceus group (perhaps made possible by the simple 
setal pattern) which might account for the variation within populations and the 
difficulty of their systematics. Hybridization in the Mallophaga is of course different 
from that between free-living geographical subspecies where hybridization takes 
place between adjacent subspecies which are the most nearly related, whereas in the 
Mallophaga the two forms come into contact due to fortuitous straggling between 
hosts which happen to be nesting in close proximity. 

At the present time, the material from some host species is meagre, somettanas 
only a few specimens from. one host individual, making it impossible to judge the 
amount of variation or the possibility of contamination or natural straggling. Host- 
parasite relations must therefore be evaluated with circumspection due to the 
difficulty of deciding which characters are of phylogenetic importance, and because 
of the possibility of secondary infestations followed by some divergence or even the 
possibility of hybridization between the original and immigrant population. Below 
(p. 200) is given a method by which it may sometimes be possible to distinguish 


A KEV -TOrTrTHRE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 197 


between true and apparent relationships of populations and to deduce cases of 
secondary infestations. Taking all these possibilities into account, it may be of 
interest to see how far distribution of Actornithophilus follows the classification of 
their hosts as arranged by Peters (1934) (see also Timmermann, 1957). The family 
Charadriidae are parasitized by species of the ochraceus-hoploptert group. Within 
this family the genus Vanellus has a distinct species, while the rest of the subfamily 
Vanellinae are with two exceptions (see below) parasitized by populations which 
can all be included in hoploptert sens. lat. The subfamily Charadriinae are all, 
with the exception of Charadrius vociferus (possibly a case of secondary infestation, 
see below, p. 200) parasitized by populations of ochraceus sens. lat., although C. 
hiaticula semipalmatus has a second species belonging to the pediculoides group 
(p. 228). This supports Peters (1934) and the classification of Bock (1958 : 56) 
that all the genera of the Charadriidae form a related group with a gap between the 
Vanellinae sens. Peters and the Charadriinae ; and follows Bock’s contention of the 
close relationship of the “‘ genera ’’ comprising the Charadriinae on one side and the 
Vanellinae on the other, but differs in suggesting that Vanellus is somewhat distinct 
from the rest of the Vanellinae. Also apparently genuinely related to the ochraceus- 
hoploptert group are the populations from Pluvianus (Glareolidae) (possibly a secon- 
dary infestation, see below) and from Chionts (Chionidae) ; that from the Burhinidae, 
although distinct, has some similarity to the hoplopteri group and those from 
Glareola (Glareolidae) and the Recurvirostrinae are rather similar to the ochraceus 
group, but this may not be significant in terms of relationship (see above). The 
Scolopacidae are parasitized by members of the wmbrinus group with the excep- 
tion of Avenaria which has a distinct species and Numenius arquatus which has 
a quill-inhabiting species (see above, p. 192). The small amount of material from 
the Phalaropidae also belongs to the wmbrinus group, but further confirmation 
that this is the true host is desirable. Within the wmbrinus group, it does not seem 
possible at this stage to say which species are likely to be more closely related to 
each other with the exception of the related species on Philomachus and on the rest 
of the Eroliinae. The grandiceps group found on Haematopus (Haematopodidae) 
and Ibidorhyncha (Recurvirostridae) is quite distinct from other species-groups ; 
the populations on the two hosts cannot satisfactorily be separated on present 
material. The Dromadidae and the Rostratulidae each have distinct species. 

THE SPECIES, SUBSPECIES AND LOCAL POPULATIONS. These categories in the 
Mallophaga have been discussed elsewhere (Clay, 1958) with special reference to the 
ischnoceran genus Degeeriella. Johnson (1960) has also discussed the use of the 
subspecific category in the Mallophaga and Anoplura and suggests that as there is no 
information at present available on whether two populations can interbreed freely 
it is a purely subjective category and serves no useful purpose in the taxonomy of 
these groups. Although it seems that the subspecific category can be applied 
usefully, although arbitrarily, to some of the ischnoceran genera its application in 
the Amblycera is less satisfactory. Until more is known about the relationships ° 
between populations in this superfamily it is perhaps better not to make any use of 
the category. 

In Actornithophilus there is the usual difficult and time-wasting problem of which 


198 THERESA CLAY 


populations within a group of similar populations should be recognized nomen- 
clatorially. In this genus, as in the majority of mallophagan genera where there are 
a number of related populations, those parasitizing the larger hosts tend to comprise 
larger individuals. Text-fig. 1 shows the relationship between the breadth of the 
head in the ochraceus-hoplopteri group and the wing length of their hosts. This can 
only be a rough approximation of the relation between size of host and parasite, 
as wing length is not always an index of general size. Also in most reference books 
only the observed range of wing measurements is given so it has been necessary to 
use Simpson’s “ crude mean ”’ (1941), that is, the sum of the maximum and minimum 
measurements given divided by two. If there were available detailed measurements 
of feather parts of related species of birds which differ in size (see Rensch, quoted 
in Clay, 1951 : 209) it might be possible to make exact correlations between size 
of louse and size of host and perhaps to make more reliable and useful deductions. 
In the case of the parasite some of the populations are represented by rather small 
numbers (especially Nos. 1-4 and 7, Text-fig. 1), in a few cases single specimens, so 
that the exact position of the mark might be different if a larger number of measure- 
ments had been taken. But the diagram is sufficient to show the general association 
between size of host and parasite and also demonstrates how a population which 
does not fit into the general trend of such an association stands out and its true 
status can be given further consideration. Examples of such populations are those 
from Pluvianus, Charadrius vociferus and Burhinus, The populations from Pluvi- 
anus aegyptius (No. 5) cannot satisfactorily be separated morphologically from A. 
hoploptert although the preocular nodus! is relatively smaller (Text-fig. 36). The 
individuals average larger than would be expected from the size of the host, but 
this discrepancy may partly be due to the fact that Pluvianus has rather shorter 
wings in relation to its body size than the species of Charadrius shown in the diagram. 
This relation between wing length and body size must always be considered when 
comparing host-parasite ratios. Even taking this into account, the average size 
of parasites is perhaps still larger than would be expected. Pluvianus, included in 
the Glareolidae by Peters (1934) is not considered to be related to the Vanellinae, 
to which the hosts of hoplopteri mostly belong, and the fact that it is parasitized by 
a population of this latter species, of which the individuals are larger than would be 
expected from the size of the bird, suggests the possibility that it is a rather recent 
acquisition from one of the African Vanellinae which are larger than Pluvianus. 

The parasites of Charadrius vociferus, unlike those of all other known species 
of Charadrius, belong to A. hoplopteri sens. lat. They are the smallest in size of 
all known populations of hoplopteri, as would be expected from the size of the host, 
and relatively smaller than members of ochraceus from other species of Charadrius, 
but it is possible that the host-parasite size ratio of ochraceus and hoplopteri are 
different (there is a suggestion of this in the diagram). A. hoplopteri is probably 
found on C. v. vociferus throughout its range ; specimens have been seen from British 
Columbia, Utah, Oklahoma, Texas and California. This, together with the host- 
parasite size ratio, suggests that if this is a case of secondary infestation the parasite 
must have been established on this host early in its history. The parasites of 


? The exact shape of the preocular nodus is not of diagnostic value as there may be individual variation. 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 199 


25~ 
{3} 
cal 
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(o) 16x 200 ‘ 
~: 12¢ : 24 
° 1 
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. | rT | eal | (eo Peeatiit Lil 1 
100 Ou = iat 20 250 
"MEAN" WING LENGTH OF HOST 


Fic. 1. Diagram illustrating relation between size of parasite and size of host. Numbers 
1-27 host species (names according to Peters, 1934): 1. Charadrius tricollaris. 2. 
Charadrius alexandrinus. 3. Charadrius dubius. 4. Charadrius mongolus. 5. Pluvianus 
aegyptius. 6. Charadrius hiaticula. 7. Charadrius leschenaultii. 8. Eudromias morinellus. 
9. Charadrius vociferus. 10. Chettusia leucura. 11. Pluvialis apricaria. 12. Squatarola 
squatarola. 13. Glareola pratincola. 14. Hoplopterus duvaucelii. 15. Hoplopterus spinosus. 
16. Stephanibyx coronatus. 17. Chettusia gregaria. 18. Hoplopterus armatus. 19. Xtphi- 
diopterus albiceps. 20. Stephanibyx melanopterus. 21. Lobivanellus indicus. 22. Ptilo- 
scelys vesplendens. 23. Vanellus vanellus. 24. Afribyx senegallus. 25. Burhinus oedic- 
nemus. 26. Chionis minor. 27. Lobibyx novaehollandiae. @—Actornithophilus ochraceus 
sens. lat. O—A. hoplopteri sens. lat. x—Other species of Actornithophilus. (Too 
many deductions should not be made from this diagram, see text.) 


200 THERESA CLAY 


Burhinus (not included in the Charadriidae) average considerably larger than those 
from the Vanellinae and although similar to those of the hoplopteri group differ in a 
number of small characters, one of which is the size of the preocular nodi. In the 
ochraceus-hoploptert groups this nodus either tends to increase in size with the size 
of the head, or remain relatively the same size, but in the population from Burhinus 
it is smaller than in some of the populations of hoploptert, the heads of which average 
smaller (Text-figs. 33-40). These examples, even taking into account the un- 
satisfactory method of compiling the diagram, are sufficient to show that such 
diagrams may be used to bring to notice populations which are in some way anoma- 
lous and may either belong to distinct or not closely related species or be due to 
secondary infestation. It is possible to follow the character gradients and any 
population in which a character goes against the general trend of association with 
size of the parasite can be considered as being genetically more remote and should be 
examined for other character differences, as in the case of A. tetralicis sp. n. from 
Burhinus. Such a diagram may also be used to check whether specimens taken 
from a given host are likely to belong to the established population or to be temporary 
stragglers. Specimens from Chettusia gregaria (Text-figs. 1, 17), for instance, 
unlike those from C. leucura and most of the rest of the Vanellinae, belong to the 
species A. ochraceus. They are, however, larger (as is the host) than those from 
any of the Charadriinae, but fit into the general host-parasite size ratio of ochraceus. 
This suggests that these specimens are the established parasite of C. leucura and 
(if the population is the result of secondary infestation) that they have been 
established for a sufficient length of time to become adapted to their new host. 

As in the ochraceus-hoploptert groups the populations of wmbrinus (see p. 210) 
show a relationship between the size of the parasite and that of the host ; correlated 
with these size differences are differences in the shape of the head and chaetotaxy 
of the abdomen, but if the populations from many hosts are compared it is found 
to be impossible to separate them satisfactorily into taxonomic units. Elsewhere 
(Clay, in press) it has been suggested that when a number of populations are 
included under one name it is useful to show this by the addition of the term sensu 
lato. This added to the specific or subspecific name indicates that the specimens are 
from a population belonging to this taxon, restricted to a definite host form or 
forms and presumably with a distinct gene complex. The population may be 
separable from that from the type host of the taxon only statistically or there may be 
other populations showing intermediate characters making nomenclatorial recogni- 
tion unsatisfactory. In the case of some of these populations future work may 
reveal valid characters for separation. 


NOTE ON MEASUREMENTS 


Measurements of total length and of breadth and length of the abdomen are 
unreliable in many of the Menoponidae as they are dependent on the amount of 
pressure exerted by the cover slip in mounting. These measurements are given for 
one individual in the case of the new species as a general indication of size. The 
length of the head is again an unreliable measurement owing to the fact that the 
head. often does not lie flat under the cover slip and the occipital margin may be 


AREY TO THE: SPEGIES«~<OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 201 


distorted. The measurements least affected by distortion seem to be those of the 
breadth of the head at the temples (B.1) and at the preocular enlargement (B.2) and 
probably the breadth of the prothorax. Owing to the difficulty of finding measur- 
able examples of post-spiracular setae the numbers on which Text-fig. 72 is based 
are small, but these reflect the differences between the relative lengths of the post- 
spiracular setae in the species represented. All specimens measured are mounted 
in Canada balsam. 


TAXONOMIC NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES 
The piceus Species-group 


The populations of Actornithophilus found on the Laridae have not been revised in 
detail, and must wait for a larger amount of material from more host species. In 
general, individuals from the Sterninae (i.e. pxcews Denny) are smaller than those 
from the Larinae (i.e. Javi Packard) : 


Breadth at temples in mm. 
ws 


a! 

3 2 
piceus . 0:61-0:67 0:67-0:73 
lari . O°7I-0:74 0:77-0:80 


However, the measurements of one male out of nine taken from an individual 
of Larus fuscus fall within the range of those of typical piceus (b.1, for instance, is 
0-65 mm.) and does not seem to be separable. Piaget’s type of A. fuscipes (host : 
Larus dominicanus), a female, measures 0-76 mm. and a single female from Gelo- 
chelidon nilotica measures 0-77 mm., but the host record needs confirmation. No 
specimens have been seen from the smaller gulls and it may prove that there is 
no way of separating the populations from the different divisions of the Laridae ; 
they are here all included under the name A. piceus (Denny), sens. lat. Only one 
male has been seen from Gygis alba and the measurement of this specimen and those 
given for the female holotype of A. candidus Carriker, 1949, fall within the range of 
measurements given above for piceus ; the male from Gygis has a greater number of 
abdominal tergal setae especially on segment II, but without further material it is 
not possible to say whether this is individual variation or not. It seems from the 
description of candida that this may have been based on a teneral female. 

Lectotype of Colpocephalum piceum Denny: @& (slide No. 1) in the Denny 
collection, British Museum (Natural History). 


Actornithophilus ceruleus (Timmermann, 1954) 


A. ceruleus was described from five specimens taken from skins of two forms of 
Procelsterna cerulea. Three 3, 1 9 from skins of Anous minutus melanogenys from 
the South Seas and 1 g, 1 2 (K. C. Emerson collection) from Anous m. minutus 
on Lolobau Island, Bismarck Archipelago appear to be inseparable from A. ceruleus. 
Although the specimens taken from skins without an exact locality must be treated 


202 THERESA CLAY 


with some doubt it seems that the pair in the Emerson collection could not be the 
result of contamination between Procelsterna and Anous as according to Dr. H. G. 
Deignan of the United States National Museum the former genus is not known to 
occur in the Bismarck Archipelago. Therefore either A. ceruleus occurs on both 
Procelsterna and Anous or the host record of the type material is incorrect. 


Actornithophilus pacificus (Timmermann, 1955) 


This species was described from five specimens taken from skins of two species of 
Puffinus from three localities ; the specimens are in poor condition but appear to be 
the same as A. incisus from Anous stolidus. Unless further material of this species 
is found to occur naturally on Puffinus it must be assumed that the type material 
originated from Anous. 


The ochraceus and hoplopteri Species-groups 


The species of these two groups have the following characters in common: the 
large size of the preocular, occipital and thoracic nodi, a tendency in the males to 
have dorsal head seta a spine-like (Text-fig. 4) ; marginal prothoracic seta 5 and 
metathoracic seta 2 short and fine, although in the occasional specimen these setae 
may be longer ; tergites with well-developed internal anterior processes (Text-figs. 
55 and 56); tergites I-VII with setal pattern A and VIII with pattern A.1; last 
segment in both sexes without dorsal anterior setae ; post-spiracular setae V and 
usually III markedly shorter than II and IV. The males of the hoflopteri group 
can at once be distinguished by the form of the sclerite in the genital sac (Pl. 7, 
fig. 5). Other characters distinguishing the species of the two groups are the shape 
of the preocular nodus which usually has a straighter anterior margin in hoplopteri 
(but there is some variation), the longer somewhat finer tergal setae and the less 
well-marked colour pattern in ochraceus. A. crinitus sp. n. from Stephanibyx 
coronatus is somewhat intermediate between the two groups (see below). A. gracilis 
from Vanellus vanellus is a well-marked form resembling the ochraceus group in the 
character of the male genital sclerite but differing from all other species of the two 
groups in the presence of long anterior metanotal setae. Morphologically A. sedes 
appears to belong to the ochraceus group (see also above, p. 196). 

The populations comprising A. ochraceus (Nitzsch) sens. lat. are found on the sub- 
family Charadriinae (sens. Peters, 1934) with the exception of Charadrius vociferus 
(see p. 198). Chettusia gregaria, although belonging to the subfamily Vanellinae, 
is parasitized by ochraceus (see p. 200). As discussed above and shown in the 
diagram (Text-fig. 1) there is a general correlation between the size of the louse and 
the size of its host. Those lice with heads narrower across the temples have a 
tendency towards relatively longer heads and rather less elongated preocular nodi 
(Text-figs. 25 and 26), so that when comparing the extremes of size such as in popula- 
tions from Charadrius tricollaris and Squatarola squatarola there is considerable 
difference in appearance of the individuals. However, examination of populations 
from other hosts show that these characters grade into each other and cannot be 
used for satisfactory taxonomic divisions. Dorsal seta a of the head of the male 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES:‘OF ACTORNITHOPAHILUS FERRIS 203 


may or may not be spiniform (Text-fig. 4), but it has been found that even within 
a population from one host form specimens are found with or without spiniform 
setae, sometimes differing on two sides of the head. Considerable variation is 
also found in the length of seta a relative to the length of seta b. In view of the 
variation and character gradients it seems more satisfactory to include all these 
populations under the name ochraceus. Thus the following described forms are 
considered to be synonyms of A. ochraceus (Nitzsch, 1818) s. 1. : 

A. flavipes (Giebel), A. timidus (Kellogg), A. perplanus (Kellogg & Chapman), 
A. perrarus Blagoveshtchensky, A. Javeni Eichler, syn. n. 

The hoplopteri group comprises A. hoploptert s. 1. and A. pauliani. Within A. 
hoplopteri s. l. the anterior tergal setae may be absent or show considerable varia- 
tion in number. In most of the populations at least some of the tergites have one 
or more anterior setae and some segments have a definite row, but there may be 
individuals without anterior setae on any of the segments. In the populations from 
Lobivanellus, Hemiparra and Hoplopterus duvaucelli no individuals with anterior 
tergal setae have been seen, and in this way they resemble individuals of the ochra- 
ceus group. This is obviously a variable character and not always useful for specific 
separation. 

A. hoplopteri s. 1. is found on the Vanellinae with the exception of Stephanibyx 
coronatus which has a distinct species (see below) and Chettusta gregaria, already 
discussed above. It is also found on Pluvianus (discussed above, p. 198). The 
diagram (Text-fig. 1, 5) shows the general correlation between size of parasite and 
host. No characters have been found which would usefully separate any of these 
populations taxonomically. 

The population from Chionis minor, recognized here as a species (A. paulianz), 
is near hoploptert although the hosts are placed in different superfamilies. The 
parasites fit into the general trend for size in relation to size of host (Text-figs. 1, 
26), but the preocular nodi are relatively smaller (Text-figs. 33, 39). A. pauliani 
also differs by the prosternal plate not surrounding the prosternal setae ; the tergal 
setae being somewhat longer than in typical hoplopteri (Pl. 7, figs. 1, 2) and post- 
spiracular seta III not being markedly shorter than IV (Text-fig. 72). 


Actornithophilus ochraceus (Nitzsch, 1818) 
Type host : Pluvialis apricaria (Linn.) 
(Pl. 9, fig. 2; Pl. ro, fig. 3; Text-figs. 2, 25-28, 55-56, 63) 


The history and type host of this species has been discussed in Clay & Hopkins 
(1960 : 45). It is distinguished from other species from the Charadrii by the form 
of the preocular, occipital and thoracic nodi, form of the prosternal plate, form of 
the marginal setae of the thorax, absence of long setae on the metanotum, the 
tergal setal pattern of the metathorax and abdomen, the relative lengths of the post- 
spiracular setae, absence of anterior setae on any of the tergites, the internal pro- 
cesses of the tergites and the sclerite of the genital sac. The female has tergal 
pattern A on segments I-VII and A.1 on segment VIII; there are no anterior 


204 THERESA CLAY 


dorsal setae on the last segment and the posterior sternites are of the type shown in 
Text-fig. 71. 


Fic. 2. Actornithophilus ochraceus (Nitzsch). Male from type host. 


Neotype male and neallotype female of Actornithophilus ochraceus (Nitzsch, 1818) 
in the British Museum (Natural History), slide No. 16443a, from Pluvialis apricaria 
from Ireland, February, 1947. 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 205 


Balat (1953 : 93) designated a male and a female as unofficial neotypes of this 
species ; however a neotype must be a single specimen so that it is necessary to 
re-designate the neotype before submitting an application to the International 
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Dr. Balat has most kindly presented to 
the British Museum (Natural History) the two specimens which he designated as 
neotypes. However, it has been decided not to use as neotype Dr. Balat’s male 
specimen as this is exceptionally small for a specimen from Pluvialis apricania. 
It is possible that the specimen is somewhat shrunk but even so its measurements fall 
within the range of those from the small species of Charadrius such as C. hiaticula. 
Dr. Balat says (in litt.) that there can be no doubt about the correct identification 
of the host as apricaria is the only species of Charadrius (sens. lat.) which comes to 
Czechoslovakia in December, the month in which the specimens were collected. It 
appears therefore that either these specimens of Actornithophilus are atypical or they 
are natural stragglers on the apricarius individuals from which they were collected. 
In either case they do not seem suitable type material and a specimen which is 
typical of the population from Pluvialis from various localities and which had 
already been drawn has been chosen as neotype. 


Measurements in mm. of A. ochraceus from Pluvialis apricaria 


Male Female 


i Oe SSR 
Length Breadth Length Breadth 


Head B.1 20435 0247 3. 0°37 0-52 
B.2 _ 0235, — 0:37 
Prothorax -_ 0+32 — 0°34 
Metathorax -_ 0°43 — 0:48 
Abdomen Sma at 0°57 1°31 0:67 
Total : =i SES gS —  .. 2:00 — 


Actornithophilus crinitus sp. n. 
Type host : Stephanibyx c. coronatus (Boddaert) 
(Pl. 4, fig. 1, Pl. 10, fig. 4; Text-figs. 4, 38, 50, 51, 52, 71) 


This species is distinguished from all other species of Actornithophilus by the 
presence of at least three setae on both preocular enlargements. In general appear- 
ance it resembles hoplopteri from which it is separated by the characters of the pro- 
sternal plate and the sclerite of the genital sac, in addition to the head setae. If the 
type of genital sac (Pl. 10, fig. 3) found in ochraceus and other species of Actornitho- 
phailus is the more primitive form and therefore not of great phylogenetic importance, 
then it is probable that the affinities of crinitus lie with the hoplopteri group which it 
resembles closely in most of its characters; the occasional specimen of hoplopteri 


and ochraceus may have three setae on the preocular enlargement on one side of the 
head. 


ENTOM, ITI, 5. 12 


206 THERESA CLAY 


MALE AND FEMALE. Male as shown in PI. 4, fig. 1. The anterior margin of the 
preocular nodus is of the ochraceus type (Text-fig. 38) ; preocular enlargement with 
three or four setae each side (Text-fig. 4) ; dorsal head setae a spiniform in the male. 
The prosternal plate does not surround the prosternal setae and there are no long 
anterior setae on the metanotum. Form of the marginal setae on the prothorax, 
marginal tergal setal pattern of metathorax and abdomen, the relative lengths of 
the post-spiracular setae, internal processes of the tergites and the sclerite of the 
genital sac as in ochraceus. There are anterior setae on at least some of the abdominal 
tergites, and in all the females examined and most of the males some of the tergites 
(a greater number of these in the female than in the male) have a definite row of 
anterior setae. Length and thickness of tergal setae as in hoplopteri. There are 
no anterior setae on the tergite of the last segment. Genital region of female as in 
Text-fig. 71. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. 27 4, 32 2 from Stephanibyx coronatus (10 individuals) 
from Kenya, S.W. Africa and S. Africa. 

Holotype male and allotype female, slide No. 20445 in the British Museum (Natural 
History) from Stephanibyx c. coronatus (Boddaert) from Isiolo, Kenya, January, 
1956. Paratypes: 26 3, 31 2 with data as given above. 


Measurements in mm. 


Male Female 


eee igtas | ‘ coma Por 
Length Breadth . Length Breadth 


Head ; - 0°37 O°SI . 0°35 0°52 
Prothorax _ 0°33. — 0+34 
Metathorax . — 0-46. — 0+48 
Abdomen os. Bas 0°55 . 1°35 0:67 
Total ‘ . 1°85 — . 2°05 — 


Male breadth of head, b.1: range 0°48—-0'51, mean 0°49; b.2: range 0°35—-0°37, mean, 
0°36 (10 specimens). 
The tetralicis Species-group 


This group is represented by a single species, A. tetralicis sp. n., the affinities of 
which are doubtful. The characters in which it resembles the ochraceus-hoploptert 
group, that is, the spiniform setae of the male, marginal setae of the prothorax, 
metathorax and abdominal tergites may be primitive characters and of no phylo- 
genetic importance. However, the sclerite of the genital sac appears similar to 
that of hoplopteri and may indicate relationship. 


Actornithophilus tetralicis sp. n. 


Type host : Burhinus oedicnemus (Linn.) 
(Pl. 4, fig. 2, Pl. 9, fig. 5, Pl. ro, fig, 6; Text-figs. 22, 40, 48, 53, 54, 58) 


This species is distinguished from the ochraceus-hoploptert group by the relatively 
smaller preocular nodi (see above, p. 200), the more numerous setae on the legs and 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 207 


Ti 
ah 
ES 1 5 
ae 
I > can = 
ae Pawn SERV 
ATTY (bald YS 
fh use 
: 1 
* 
Nis 
fy 


3 


Fic. 3. Actornithophilus totani (Schrank). Male from type host. 


208 THERESA CLAY 


in the sternal brush, the relative lengths of the post-spiracular setae and the 
sclerite of the genital sac. 

MALE AND FEMALE. Male as shown in PI. 4, fig. 2. Preocular nodi as in Text- 
fig. 40; dorsal head setae a. spiniform in the male; prosternal plate surrounds 
prosternal setae. Marginal setal pattern of pronotum, metanotum and abdominal 
tergites as in ochraceus, relative lengths of tergal setae as shown in Text-fig. 48 ; 
post-spiracular setae III and V not markedly shorter than II and IV. Brushes on 
third femora and sternite IV thicker than in ochraceus and hoplopteri ( (Pl. 9, fig. 5). 
The chaetotaxy of the legs differs from most of the species from the Charadrii 
examined in having one or two extra outer latero-ventral setae on tibiae II-III 
and usually having more numerous latero-dorsal setae on tibiae I-III, III has 7-9 
in the male and 7-10 in the female (see above, p. 195, Text-figs. 53-54). Sclerite 
in genital sac as in Pl. ro, fig. 6. Last segment of female abdomen as in Text- 
fig. 58. Measurements as given below. Specimens from Suffolk birds measure rather 
less than those from Israel, but this may partly be due to the condition of the Suffolk 
specimens. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. 6 4, 10 2 from Burhinus oedicnemus (Linn.) from Israel ; 
3 6, 11 Q from B. o. oedicnemus from Suffolk, England; 1 3 from Burhinus s. 
senegalensis (Swainson) from North Cameroon. 2 3, 3 9 in rather poor condition 
from Esacus recurvirostris (Cuvier) from Upper Burma may belong to this species. 

Holotype 3 and allotype 2 in the British Museum (Natural History) from Burhinus 
oedicnemus from Oranim, Israel collected by M. Costa, 20.v.1956. Paratypes: 2 3, 
4 2 from the same host individual as the holotype and 3 J, 11 2 from the same host 
species from England, data as given above. 


Measurements in mm. 
Male Female 


| mee Peds | ey 
Length Breadth Length Breadth 


Head ; - 0*400 0°585 . 0:*430 0-630 
Prothorax ._- 0:380 . — 0*410 
Metathorax _— 0°525 . — 0°585 
Abdomen ; / D380 O-97fO . \E-G3p I +030 
Total : - 27285 — . 2°530 — 


The uniseriatus Group 


The species comprising this group resemble those of the ochraceus group and should 
perhaps be included in it ; they differ mainly in the characters of the chaetotaxy. 
Marginal prothoracic seta 5 and marginal metathoracic seta 2 (Text-figs. 5, 46) 
are usually longer and less fine than in ochraceus although in mexicanus the difference 
is less marked; the inner tergocentral setae of the abdomen are markedly shorter 
than the outer one each side (Text-fig. 49) and there is a tendency to have a greater 
number of tergocentral setae. Both sexes of A. uniseriatus and A. mexicanus 
usually have two or more segments with eight or more tergocentral setae, although 
occasional males are found in which the majority of tergites have six setae with one 


i KEY LTO THE SPECIES.OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS. FERRIS 209 


Arthur Smith del. 


Fics. 4-7. Male head and prothorax (dorsal) of Actornithophilus spp. 4. A. crinitus sp. n. 
5. A. uniseriatus. 6. A. umbrinus. 7. A. sabulosus sp.n. a—f.—dorsal head setae ; 
2-4.—dorsal head sensilli; m.p.s.—marginal prothoracic setae; d.p.s.—dorsal 
prothoracic setae. 


210 THERESA CLAY 


or two having seven. In A. himantopi only an occasional female has one or two 
segments with eight tergocentral setae, the majority of males and females having 
tergal pattern A. Anterior setae on the tergites usually absent, only one specimen 
(a female of A. wniseriatus) has been seen with anterior tergal setae, and on two 
segments these form a definite anterior row. The sclerite in the genital sac is 
elongate and, allowing for individual variation, rather less deeply divided anteriorly 
than in ochraceus. A. mexicanus differs from the other two species in the male by 
having dorsal head setae a spiniform. The preocular nodi are similar to those of 
the ochraceus group and as in that group become shorter (from side to side) and 
broader (anterio-posteriorly) as the head decreases in breadth (Text-figs. 30-32). 

It has not been possible to find any characters which can be used to separate 
the populations from Recurvirostra avosetta and R. americana, although in the 
small number of specimens available, the head breadth of the male in the population 
on R. avosetta averages larger than in those on A. americana : 

R. avosetta population : range, 0°540-0°555 ; mean, 0°547 mm. (5) ; 
R. americana population : range, 0°505—-0°540 ; mean, 0°520 mm. (7). 
A. uniformis (Kellogg) syn. n. is here considered as a synonym of wniseriatus. 

Included species: A. uniseriatus (Piaget, 1880); A. himantopi (Blagovesht- 
chensky, 1951) and A. mexicanus Emerson, 1953. 

The type series of A. wntseriatus in the Piaget collection of the British Museum 
(Natural History) comprises 1 g, 4 2, of which the male and one female on slide 
1380 are A. totani and the remaining female on slide 1380 and the two females on 
slides 1382 and 1381 are the species usually found on Recurvirostra avosetta. In 
Clay (1953 : 657) the male was wrongly designated as lectotype; this mistake is 
here rectified. 

Lectotype of Colpocephalum uniseratum Piaget, 1880: 9 in the Piaget collection, 
British Museum (Natural History), slide No. 1380. 


The umbrinus group 


The umbrinus group is used here to include a number of species in which the 
preocular, occipital and thoracic nodi are small, the anterior head setae are not 
sexually dimorphic, the males usually do not have tergal setal pattern A, some 
tergites in both sexes have anterior setae, often numerous in the male, tergite VIII 
of the female normally has six or more central setae and the pleurites are not deeply 
bilobed as in the ochraceus-hoplopteri group. The species are found generally 
throughout the family Scolopacidae (sens. Peters, 1934), but patellatus from Nu- 
mentus arquatus (see above, p. 192) and bicolor from Arenaria, of the subfamily 
Arenariinae, are not typical of the wmbrinus group. The small amount of material 
said to have been taken from Steganopus (family Phalaropidae) can be included here 
but the host records need confirmation. 

Included species (some of which are discussed in detail below) : 

A. umbrinus, A. pustulosus, A. totani, A. lyallpurensis, A. flumineus, A. 
paludosus, A. lacustris, A. limarius, A. spinulosus, A. limosae, A. kilauensis, 
A. multisetosus and probably A. stictus. 

There are three subdivisions of the wmbrinus group. 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 211 


Subdivision I 


Specimens have been seen from species belonging to most of the genera of the 
subfamily Eroliinae. These have the following characters: the prosternal plate 
does not surround the prosternal setae and is usually pointed posteriorly, but there 
is individual variation in this last character ; there is also a tendency for individuals 
to have one long seta in the centre of the prosternal plate; the first dorsal pro- 


10 11 


12 13 14 


Fics. 8-14. Heads of Actornithophilus spp. 8. A. incisus, 2. 9. A. patellatus, g. Io. 
A. limosae, 9. 11. A. ardeolae, 9. 12. A. sabulosus sp. n., g. 13. A. evinaceus, 3. 
14. A pediculoides, 3. 


212 THERESA CLAY 


thoracic seta is relatively long and stout (Text-fig. 6), and the metanotum has long 
anterior setae. In the male, the tergites have a row of stout elongate submarginal 
setae and rows of smaller setae (Pl. 4, fig. 3), and the last tergite has anterior dorsal 
setae. The ventral thickening of the last segment of the female is in the form of 
two broad sclerites (Text-fig. 69). Sclerite of the genital sac as shown in Pl. VII, 
fig. I. 

The populations of the wmbrinus group found on the Eroliinae show a general 
correlation between average size of the individuals and the size of the host ; cor- 
related with increase in the size of the louse there is a tendency towards increase in 
the number of setae on some of the abdominal segments, but although the average 
number of setae is greater in the populations from the larger hosts, there is usually 
some overlap in numbers between the different populations. As the head becomes 
broader it tends to become proportionally shorter (Table I, Pl. 6, figs. 4-6) so that 
specimens from Evolia subminuta appear rather different from those from Calidris 
canuta ; however, the populations from Evolia minuta and E. testacea show inter- 
mediates between those from the former two hosts so that subspecific division is 
unsatisfactory. Ac.ornithophilus umbrinus therefore will be used for the populations 
from Evolia, Canuta, Crocethia, Ereunetes, Micropalama and Tryngites. The 
synonymy of names included under wmbrinus sens. lat. is given below. 

The population from Philomachus, although resembling these populations, is 
distinguished by the less well developed lingual sclerites and epipharyngeal crest ; 
by the female usually having no anterior setae on the last tergite (one individual 
amongst 26 examined had anterior setae) ; in the form of the sclerite of the genital 
sac (Pl. ro, fig. 2) and the shape of the last segment of the female abdomen. It is 
here recognized as a good species, A. pustulosus. 


Actornithophilus umbrinus (Burmeister, 1838) 
(Pl. 6, figs. 4-6, Pl. 7, fig. 3, Plate ro, fig. 1; Text-figs, 6, 19, 57, 69) 


Colpocephalum umbrinum Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent. 2: 438. Host: Tringa subarquata 
= Erolia testacea (Pallas). 

Colpocephalum umbrinum Burmeister. Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa : 274, pl. 14, fig. 4. 

Colpocephalum umbrinum Piaget, 1880. Pediculines : 556, pl. 46, fig. 6, nec C. umbrinum Burm. 
Host : Tringa subarquata. 

Colpocephalum umbrosum, Harrison, 1916. Parasitology, 9:56. Nomen novum for C.umbrinum 
Piaget nec Burmeister. Syn. nov. 

Colpocephalum trilobatum Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 275. Host: Tringa minuta = Evolia 
minuta (Leisler). 

Colpocephalum morsitans Kellog & Mann, 1912. Ent. News, 23:15, fig. 3. Host: Tringa macu- 
lata = Erolia melanotos (Vieillot). 

Colpocephalum minor Kellogg & Chapman, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. 6: 112, pl. 7, fig. 9, 
nec C. minor Piaget, 1880. Host: Calidris arenaria = Crocethia alba (Pallas). 

Actornithophilus albus Emerson, 1948. Ent. News, 59: 178, figs. 1, 2. Host: Cvrocethia alba 
(Pallas). 

Actornithophilus hrabei Balat, 1953. Folia zool. ent. Brno. 2 (16) : 8, fig. Host: Calidris alpina 
= Ervolia alpina (Linn.). 

Actornithophilus hiysutus Carriker, 1954. Florida Ent. 37: 139, fig. Host: Eveunetes pustilus 
(Linn.). Syn. n. 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 213 


Fics. 15-24. Fig. 15. A. lyallpurensis, male prosternal plate and setae. Fig. 16. A. gran- 
diceps, anterior mesothoracic setae. Fig. 17. A. pediculoides, male prosternal plate 
and setae. Fig. 18. A. sabulosus, sp. n., male sternal plates of thorax. Figs. 19-20. 
Prosternal and mesosternal plates. 19. A. umbrinus. 20. A. lacustris sp.n. Figs. 21-22. 
Mesosternal plates. 21. A. picus from Thalasseus bergii. 22. A. tetralicis sp. n. Figs. 
23-24. Labial palp. 23. A. totant. 24. A. incisus (Figs. 17-18. A. Smith del.). 


214 THERESA CLAY 


Burmeister (1838) gave a short description of the specimen in the Nitzsch collec- 
tion which was later figured in Giebel (1874). This figure appears to represent the 
Actornithophilus found on the type host. Piaget (1880) described and figured 
specimens from Tringa subarquata which he called umbrinum, but which he considered 
to be different from the figure in Giebel (1874) ; he suggested (557, 559) that the 
Nitzsch specimen had probably originated from Philomachus pugnax. However, 
the figure of a female in Giebel (1874) shows distinctly a number of setae on the dorsal 
surface of the last abdominal segment, which are not found in the population from 
Philomachus pugnax (one specimen from this host with one seta has been seen). 
There is one male in the Piaget collection labelled Colpocephalum umbrinus which is 
the species found on Erolia testacea. As already discussed above there seems no 
advantage in attempting to name the populations from the various species of Erolia 
and related genera and so the names which have been used are given above in the 
synonymy. 

Neotype of Colpocephalum umbrinum Burmeister, 1838: 3 in the British Museum 
(Natural History), slide No. 658 from Evolia testacea (Pallas) from North Cameroon 
collected by Dr. J. Mouchet, 1959. 

Lectotype of Colpocephalum umbrinum Piaget: 3 in the Piaget collection, 
British Museum (Natural History), slide No. 1379. 


Measurements in mm. 


A. umbrinus from Evolia testacea 


Male Female 

i = ay foes a "- 

Length Breadth Length Breadth 
Head ; » G°325 0°440 . 0340 0-460 
B.2 : - = 0-345 . = 0-+340 
Prothorax o— 0°330 .— 0-340 
Metathorax _— 0°420 . — 0-480 
Abdomen + 2040 0-505 . 1-290 0-630 
Total : st 2920 — . 2:°0ro _ 


Subdivision II 


This subdivision comprises the populations from 7vinga (including Actitis), and 
new species from Catoptrophorus and Limnodromus. A. kilauensis from Heteroscelus 
is probably also near this group but the only material seen from the type host is the 
lectotype female which is in poor condition. The classification of the populations 
from the different species of Tvinga is difficult mainly due to the greater amount of 
individual variation in size and chaetotaxy than is usual in Actornithophilus. In 
most cases the number of specimens is small and it will be necessary to obtain larger 
series to make sure that the apparent differences in size between populations from 
the same host species from different localities (Tables III, VI) are not due to methods 
of collecting and preparation. Four groups (within the ¢ofani group) in addition to 
A. paludosus, well defined in the males at least, have here been recognized as species 
and are listed below with their hosts ; the females cannot always be separated. 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS.FERRIS 215 


Host Actornithophilus species from Tringa and Actitis 


Tringa totanus 
Tringa erythropus 


Tringedawibes A. totani (Schrank, 1803) 

Tringa stagnatilis 

Tringa glareola . . A. totani (Schrank, 1803) sens. lat. totani group 
Tringa ochropus . . A. lyallpurensis Ansari, 1955 

Actitis hypoleucos . A. flumineus sp. n. | 


Tringa nebularis . 


Tringa melanoleuca ee RaOstee SE: 2: 


QA 


Actornithophilus totani (Schrank, 1803) 
Type host : Tringa totanus (Linn.) 
(Pl. 11, fig. 1; Text-figs. 3, 23, 41, 59, 60) 


Pediculus totani Schrank, 1803. Fauna Boica:191. Host: ‘‘ Strandschnepfen’”’ = Tringa 
totanus (Linn.). 

Colpocephalum affine Nitzsch, 1874. In Giebel, Insecta Epizoa: 276. Host: Totanus maculatus 
= Tringa erythropus (Pallas). Syn. n. 


The history and interpretation of this name, the earliest to be used for an Actorni- 
thophilus, has been dealt with in Clay & Hopkins (1960 : 18). 

MALE AND FEMALE. The species is distinguished from other forms belonging 
to this group by having no long anterior seta on the metanotum, by having anterior 
dorsal setae on the last segment of the abdomen in the male, by the size and 
arrangement of the male tergal setae (Text-fig. 3) and by the prosternal plate 
surrounding the prosternal setae. Genitalia as in Pl. 8, fig. 1 and Text-figs. 59-60. 
In the female at least two or more tergites have seven or more central setae and 
tergites II-VIII have a row of anterior setae. Genital region of female abdomen of 
the type shown in Text-fig. 71. Measurements in Tables III, IV and V. 

The variation in the number of tergal setae of the male abdomen (Table II) means 
that individuals may appear considerably different from each other. Although the 
populations of which the average size of the individuals is smaller tend to have fewer 
setae this is not invariable, for instance one male from the same host individual as 
the neotype (Text-fig. 3) has the number of setae greatly reduced. In Table III 
the measurements of the breadth of the head at the temples of males is given for 
specimens from Tyinga totanus from various localities. The numbers for some are 
small and in the females the differences are less and perhaps not significant. Fresher 
and more extensive material is required for a statistical analysis of these size 
relationships. 

The populations from Tringa totanus, T. erythropus, T. flavipes and T. stagnatilis 
do not appear to be distinguishable from each other (Table IV). Specimens from 
T. glareola are difficult to place: the males have fewer tergal setae than is usual in 
totani but overlap with an occasional specimen from Tringa totanus which shows 
reduced tergal chaetotaxy ; one male said to have been taken from T. glareola in 
S. Africa has the tergal setae as in the new species from A. Aypoleuca but differs in 


216 THERESA CLAY 


the proportions of the head, suggesting that it may be an abnormal specimen of the 
population usually found on Tvinga glareola. In the specimens available from T. 
glareola it is always possible to distinguish the females from fotani sens. str. as all 
segments show marginal tergal pattern A, but further material may include an 
occasional specimen (as in /yallpurensis) with a greater number of tergocentral 


20 26 
27 


31 32 


30 
Fics. 25-32. Preocular nodi of Actornithophilus spp., males. Scale adjusted so that 
breadth at preocular enlargement is the same; actual breadth at temples in mm. of 
specimen given in brackets. Figs. 25-28. A. ochraceus sens. lat. 25. Host: Charadrius 
tricollaris (0:41). 26. Host: Pluvialis apricaria (0-48). 27. Host: Chettusia gregaria 
(0-51). 28. Host: Squatarola squatarola (0-49). Fig. 29. A. gracilis (0-51). Fig. 30. 
A. uniseriatus (0°55). Fig. 31. A. himantopi (0-49). Fig. 32. A. mexicanus (0-47). 


setae. On the available material from 7. glareola it would not be satisfactory to 
name the population, but as it shows some differences which indicate that it is 
perhaps rather distinct it is included in totani as totani sens. lat. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. 39 6, 43 2 from Tvinga totanus (Linn.) from Iceland, 
British Isles, Estonia, Czechoslovakia, Morocco, Israel, Sudan, Ceylon; 4 3, 4 9 
from T. erythropus (Pallas) from Jugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, India; 6 3,5 2 from 
Tringa stagnatilis (Bechstein) from Sudan, East Africa and India; 10 g, 16 2 from 
T. flavipes (Gmelin) from various localities in N. America. 


A REY TO °EFHE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 217 


Neotype male (Text-fig. 3) and neallotybe female of Actornithophilus totant 
(Schrank, 1803) in the Meinertzhagen collection, British Museum (Natural History) 
slide No. 11977a from Tringa t. totanus from Morocco, October, 1938. 


Actornithophilus flumineus sp. n. 


Type host : Actitis hypoleucos (Linn.) 
(Pl 4; tig.5) 


This species is distinguished from totani by the shape of the head and by the smaller 
number of tergal setae, in which character it resembles /yallpurensis. It is distingui- 
shed from this latter species by the shape of the head and the presence of anterior 
dorsal setae on the last segment of the male. 

MALE. As shown in Pl. 4, fig. 5. General characters of head, thorax, sternal 
chaetotaxy of the abdomen and male genital sclerite as in totant. Post-spiracular 
setae I, III and V shorter than II and [V but III not markedly shorter as in fotanz. 
Abdominal tergites I-VII with setal pattern A, VIII with 4, 5 or 6 central setae ; 
tergites II-VIII usually with one row of anterior setae, but in some specimens some 
of the posterior tergites (V-VIII) may have two irregular rows; last abdominal 
segment with anterior dorsal setae. 

FEMALE. Head and thorax as in male. Abdominal tergites I-VII with setal 
pattern A; VIII also usually with pattern A, one specimen has only three central 
setae. Tergites I-VIII may have a row of anterior setae, or I, VII and VIII may 
have only one or two anterior setae or VIII may have no anterior setae. Measure- 
ments of both sexes in Table V. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. 8 4,12 2 from Atitis hypoleucos from various localities in 
Europe and Africa. 

Holotype 3 and allotype 2 in the British Museum (Natural History), slide No. 
7627 from the type host from Kenya, April, 1956. Paratypes: 7 3, 11 2 from the 
same host form with data as given above. 


Actornithophilus lyallpurensis Ansari, ? 1955 


Type host: Tringa ochropus Linn. 
(Text-fig. 15) 


Actornithophilus lyalipurensis Ansari, ? 1955. Proc. VIIth Pakistan Sci. Conf. (Agriculture) : 55. 
Type host: Tringa ochropus Linn. 

Actornithophilus lyallpurensis Ansari, 1956. Indian J. Ent. 17 (1955) : 400. 

Actornithophilus lyallpurensis Ansari, 1957. Indian J. Ent. 18 (1956) : 434, figs. 


The species was described three times as a new species and it has not been possible 
to ascertain which is the earliest description as the date of publication of the first 
mentioned description is not known for certain. The measurements of the breadth of 
the head given in the original descriptions are different from those of specimens 
found on Tringa ochropus and given below (Table VII) ; however, it seems probable 


218 THERESA CLAY 


that Ansari’s description does refer to the population normally found on this host. 
This species is distinguished from A. totani by the abdominal chaetotaxy, and from 
A. flumineus sp. n. by the shape of the head and the absence of anterior dorsal 
setae on the last abdominal segment of the male. The small number of males seen 
show tergal pattern A on segments I, II and VII; on III, IV, V and VI the central 


ae 


Fics. 33-40. Preocular nodi of Actornithophilus spp., males. Scale as in Figs. 25-32. 
Figs. 33-37. A. hoplopteri sens. lat. 33. Host: Hoplopterus spinosus (0-49). 34. Host : 
Lobibyx novaehollandiae (0-51). 35. Host: Chettusia leucura (0-47). 36. Host: Pluvi- 
anus aegyptius (0-46). 37. Host : Charadrius vociferus (0-45). Fig. 38. A. crinitus sp. n. 
(0-51). Fig. 39. A. pauliani (0-51). Fig. 40. A. tetralicis sp. n. (0°58). 


setae vary from six to eight ; segment VIII usually has setal pattern A but may have 
only five central setae. Of the females seen all have setal pattern A on segments 
I-VII with the exception of two specimens with one and two segments respectively 
with seven central setae and one specimen which has the number of central tergal 
setae as follows: I,6; II, 7; III, 10; IV,7; V,8; VI,7; VII,6. Tergite VIII 
has setal pattern A in all specimens seen with the exception of one specimen which 
has only four central setae. All the tergites may have a row of anterior setae, 
but on I and VIII the anterior setae may be reduced in number or absent. 


A-KEY TO. THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 219 


MATERIAL EXAMINED. 5 6, 10 © from Tyvinga ochropus from Poland, Czecho- 
slovakia and Israel. 


Actornithophilus paludosus sp. n. 


Type host : Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus) 
(Pl. 5, figs. 3,6; Text-fig. 47) 


This species is distinguished from the other species found on Tvinga and Actitis.by 
the presence of long dorsal setae on the metathorax, by the prosternal plate not 
enclosing the prosternal setae and by the form of the sclerite of the genital sac. 


DIAS 
OD 


Fics. 41-45. Preocular nodi of Actornithophilus spp. Figs. 41-43 with scale as in Figs. 
32-40 ; Figs. 44-45 to same scale. Fig. 41. A. totani, 3. Fig. 42. A. limosae, 9. Fig. 43. 
A. ardeolae, 9. Fig. 44. A. grandiceps, 9. Fig. 45. A. spinulosus, 9. 


In many characters it resembles more closely the new species A. lacustris and 
limarius from Catoptrophorus and Limnodromus, although the general appearance 
of the tergal chaetotaxy is similar to that of totant. 

Mate. As shown in PI. 5, fig. 3. The prosternal plate does not surround the 
prosternal setae ; metathorax with two to four, occasionally one, long dorsal setae. 
Other characters of the head, thorax and abdomen as in fotani with a similar range 
of variation of chaetotaxy. The small amount of material seen from T. nebularia 
falls into two size groups (see below), one from hosts collected in Aden and the Sudan 
and the other in Czechoslovakia ; those in the smaller size group tend to have fewer 
tergal setae, but there is some overlap in this character between the two groups. 
Last segment with anterior dorsal setae. The sclerite of the genital sac is longer 
and less triangular than in ¢otani and more similar to that of amosae. 

FEMALE. Head and thorax as in male, but two females from 7. melanoleuca 
have no long dorsal setae on the metathorax. All tergites may have setal pattern 


220 THERESA CLAY 


A, but the following range of tergocentral setae has been found: I, 6; II, 67; 
III, 6-11; IV, 6-10; V, 6-13; VI, 6-12; VII-VIII, 6. Two specimens from 
the same host have the following number of central setae: I, 6.6; II, 6. 6; III, 
6.7; IV, 6.10; V, 6.13; VI, 6.12; VII-VIII, 6.6. The central tergites usually 
have two well-defined rows of setae but I, II, VII and VIII may have no anterior 
setae, one or two anterior setae or a well-defined row. Measurements of both sexes 
in Tables V, VI. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. 12 g, 19 ¢ from Tvinga nebularia (Gunnerus) from Port 
Sudan, Aden, Burma and Czechoslovakia; 9 ¢ 13 2 from Tringa melanoleuca 
(Gmelin) from various localities in North America. 


Arthur Smith del. 


: OE a 
ir A OE a 
47 
Fics. 46-47. Metanotum of Actornithophilus spp. 46. A. uniseriatus. 47. A. paludosus 
sp. n. m.m.s. 2—marginal metathoracic seta 2; a.—long anterior setae of metanotum. 


Holotype 3 and allotype 2 slide No. 16845 in the Meinertzhagen collection, British 
Museum (Natural History) from Tringa nebularia from Port Sudan, Sudan, December, 
1947. Paratypes: 11 3, 18 2 from the same host form from localities given above. 


Actornithophilus lacustris sp. n. 3 
Type host: Catoptrophorus semipalmatus tnornatus (Brewster) 
(Pl. 5, figs. 1, 4, Pl. 11, fig. 5; Text fig. 20) 


This species resembles most closely A. limarius and A. paludosus from which it 
can be separated by the size and number of tergal setae, size and shape of the head 
and by the prosternal plate usually having an anterior median projection. 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 


48 


Arthur Smith del. 


50 


Fics. 48-50. Abdominal tergite V, male. 48. A. tetralicis sp. n. 49. A. umiseriatus. 
50. A. crinitus sp. n. p.—post-spiracular seta; t.—6 tergocentral setae ; a.—anterior 
tergal setae. 


ENTOM, II, 5. 13 


221 


222 PHERESA CLAY 


MALE. As shown in Pl. 5, fig. 1. Chaetotaxy of head and thorax as in A. totani 
except that dorsal head setae d are somewhat longer, the metanotum has long 
anterior setae, marginal prothoracic setae 5 and marginal metathoracic setae 2 
tend to be longer and less fine and there are usually a greater number of setae on 
the meso- and metasternal plates. The prosternal plate does not surround the 
prosternal setae and usually has an anterior median projection (Text-fig. 20). Abdo- _ 
minal chaetotaxy similar to that of ¢otani but differs in the density and size of the 
setae (Pl. 2, fig. 4) ; last segment with anterior dorsal setae. Genital sclerite as in 
Pl. 8, fig. 5. 

FEMALE. Head and thorax asin male. Tergites I-VIII may have setal pattern 
A, but most specimens have two or more tergites with seven or more central setae ; 
the allotype, for instance, has setal pattern A, while the tergocentral setae of another 
specimen are as follows: I, 6; II, 6; III, 7; IV, 7; V, 9; VI, 7; VII-VIII, 
6; tergites I-VIII have anterior setae forming a definite row on most segments ; 
last segment without anterior setae. Measurements of both sexes in Table VII. 

The females of A. lacustris are not always easily distinguishable from those of 
A. paludosus unless both are available for comparison, especially when considering 
the relative length and thickness of the setae; these are stouter and longer in A. 
lacustris. In the latter host the females tend to be larger and most specimens have 
two or more tergites with seven or more central setae and the prosternal plate 
usually has an anterior median projection. In A. paludosus these characters may 
also occur and the measurements may overlap, but probably not all in the same 
specimen. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. 18 3, 19 2 from Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus 
(Brewster) and C. s. semipalmatus (Gmelin) from California, Utah and Texas. 

Holotype 3 and allotype 2 slide No. 12744a in the Meinertzhagen collection, 
British Museum (Natural History) from Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus 
California, March, 1939. Paratypes: 17 3, 18 2 from the two forms of C. semi- 
palmatus. 


Actornithophilus limarius sp. n. 
Type host : Limnodromus griseus scolopaceus (Say) 


This species is separated from the two previous species by the size and number of 
tergal setae in both sexes. 

MALE. As shown in Pl. 5, fig. 2. Except for size and shape, characters of head 
as in A. lacustris sp. n. Thorax and abdomen similar to that of A. lacustris, but 
the prosternal plate has no anterior median projection and is usually pointed posteri- 
orly, although this last character may also occasionally be found in A. lacustris. 
Density and size of tergal setae as in Pl. 5, fig. 5. Last segment with anterior dorsal 
setae. Genital sclerite (Pl. 11, fig. 4) rather longer than in lacustris. 

FEMALE. Head and thorax as in male. Tergal setae more numerous than in 
the last two species, the allotype, for instance, has the following number of tergo- 
central setae: I, 7; II, 10; III-V, 12; VI, 13; VII, 12; VIII,6. Last segment 
with anterior dorsal setae. Measurements of both sexes in Table VII. 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 223 


MATERIAL EXAMINED. 56 3, 45 @ from Limnodromus griseus scolopaceus (Say) 
from California and from Limnodromus griseus from South Carolina. 


Arthur Smith del. 


Fics. 51-54. Third tibia. Figs. 51-52. A. crinitus. 51. Dorsal. 52. Ventral. Figs. 
53-54. A. tetralicis. 53. Dorsal. 54. Ventral. d.—7 outer latero-dorsal setae ; v.— 
3 outer latero-ventral setae. 


Holotype 3 and allotype 2 slide No. 12734a in the Meinertzhagen collection, 
British Museum (Natural History), from Limnodromus griseus scolopaceus, Cali- 
fornia, March, 1939. Paratypes: 55 3, 44 9 from Limnodromus griseus with data 
as given above. 


/ 


224 THERESA CLAY 


Actornithophilus kilauensis (Kellogg & Chapman, 1902) 


Carriker (1957 : 103-104) in his notes on the Kellogg types in the Natural History 
Museum of Stanford University, mentions under this name a single female on slide 
1210a which he considers automatically becomes the type of the species. Through 
the kindness of Dr. Paul Ehrlich, I have been able to see this slide. It is labelled 
“ Colp. n. sp. near timidum (smaller). Heteractitis incanus. Hilo. t901”’. It also 
has “1210a”’, “ fig. 9” and “ desc”’ in pencil; it is labelled type. There is little 
doubt that it is one of the specimens referred to in the original description of 
kilauensis as the host and locality are correct and the species was said to resemble 
timidum. I have added a lectotype label to the slide with the specific name 
kilauensis (which otherwise does not appear) and the reference to Carriker, 1957. 
The specimen is in rather poor condition and has lost most of the setae, and although 
it is possible to see the number and position of these by their alveoli, nothing can 
be told of their length. According to the label, this was the figured specimen, but 
it does not in fact agree with pl. 14, fig. 1 (in Kellogg & Chapman, 1902) nor with the 
description, as the abdominal tergites of the specimen have a single line of marginal 
setae and not “‘ numerous non-pustulated hairs scattered irregularly over the dorsal 
surface ’’ and the last segment has no anterior dorsal setae. It is possible that the 
sternal setae have been shown on the dorsal surface or the description was made from 
a male which probably has anterior tergal setae. Unfortunately, no other specimens 
are available from the type host. 

FEMALE. Shape of head as in Pl. 4, fig. 6. Dorsal prothoracic seta 1 small ; 
all the marginal prothoracic setae are broken, but the alveoli of 5 are not as small 
as in those species where this seta is short and fine ; prosternal plate partly hidden 
but probably surrounds setae, not strongly pointed posteriorly. Mesosternum : 
5 setae; metasternum: 10; abdominal stermum I: 3 setae; II-III: 2 rows; 
IV—VII: 3 sparse rows. Brushes on IV with 23 and ? 22. Last sternites joined 
narrowly as in Text-fig. 71. The metanotum has no long anterior setae, marginal 
metathoracic seta 2 short but not fine. Tergites I-VIII with setal pattern A ; 
III has 1 anterior seta; last segment without anterior dorsal setae. All the post- 
spiracular setae are broken. Measurements in mm.: breadth of head at temples: 
0-460; length of head: 0340; breadth of prothorax: 0-315; metathorax : 
0-400; breadth of abdomen: 0:°565; length of abdomen: 1-080; total length: 


1°765. 


Subdivision III 


The populations parasitic on the species of Limosa resemble each other within 
the uwmbrinus group by the following characters: the prosternal plate does not 
surround the prosternal setae ; there are no long anterior setae on the metanotum, 
the tergites do not have well developed internal anterior processes ; the males have 
anterior dorsal setae on the last segment and the tergal setae do not show pattern A. 

Specimens have been seen from three species of Limosa: L. limosa, the type host 
of A. spinulosus (Piaget) ; L. lapponica, the type host of A. limosae (Kellogg) and 
Limosa fedoa. The males of spinulosus are at once distinguished from those of 


A REN TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 225 


limosae by the more numerous tergal setae but males from Limosa fedoa are inter- 
mediate between the two species in this character. Considering the males alone 
it might appear to be more convenient to include the populations from the three 
hosts under one name. The females, however, fall into two well-marked groups. 
Those of limosae and the population from L. fedoa have setal pattern A on seven to 


56 


58 


Fics. 55-58. Tergite IV to show internal anterior process. 55. A. ochraceus, segment 
opened out to show internal view. 56. A. ochraceus, as seen in whole mount. 57. 
A. umbrinus, internal view. 58. A. tetralicis, outline of last segment of 2 abdomen. 


five (rarely four) of the tergites and always on VII, whereas those of spinulosus have 
setal pattern A usually on only two (rarely three) tergites and never on VII. The 
females of spinulosus are also distinguished from those of limosae and the population 
on L. fedoa by the sternal thickening of the penultimate segment, which although 
showing individual variation in the exact outline, is separated into two sclerites 
(Text-figs. 67 and 68). The males of spinulosus can also be distinguished from the 
populations from the other two hosts by the size of the stout submarginal tergal 
setae relative to the rest of the tergal setae (PI. 8, figs. 1-3). The following table 


226 THERESA CLAY 


gives the mean head breadth of Actornithophilus specimens from the three species 
of Limosa and the crude mean of the wing lengths of the hosts arranged in order of 
the density of the tergal chaetotaxy, A. limosae having the smallest number of 
setae : 


Parasite Host Mean head breadth of parasite Wing length 
(mm.) (mm.) 
A. limosae . L. lapponica ; 0-53 (9) : 214 
------ . L. fedoa ; 0*56 (16) , 225 
A. spinulosus . L. limosa ’ 0°53 (5)* ; 221 


*This does not include the male lectotype, which although typical of the other specimens from L. 
limosa has a head breadth of 0°57 mm. The female paratype is also rather larger than the average ; 
this may partly be due to overtreatment of the specimens with KOH. 


Although the numbers, especially in the case of spinulosus, are small it appears 
that specimens from one of the larger hosts (L. limosa) do not average larger than 
those on the smallest host (L. lapponica), although they show an increase in the 
number of setae. Whereas in the case of specimens from the other larger host, 
L. fedoa, the specimens average larger than those from A. lapponica and also show 
an increase in the number of setae, this agrees with the rule usually found in related 
populations of Actornithophilus. The fact that specimens from L. limosa do not, 
on the evidence of present material, appear to follow this rule suggests that the popula- 
tion from this host may be less nearly related than are those on the other two hosts. 
Considering all these facts it is here decided to place the populations from L. 
lapponica and L. fedoa together under the name limosae in spite of differences in 
the density of the tergal setae in the male, and to recognize the population from 
L. limosa as a separate species, A. spinulosus. It is of interest that in Austro- 
menopon the reverse is the case, the species parasitic on L. fedoa being the same as 
that on L. limosa, namely A. limosae Timmermann. 


The grandiceps Group 


This is a distinct group differing from all other known species from the Charadrii 
in that the majority of specimens do not have setal pattern A on the posterior dorsal 
margin of the metathorax (having a greater number of central setae), and by the 
females having two to three inner posterior setae each side of the last abdominal 
segment (Text-fig. 66). Timmermann (1954 : 836) is here followed in including the 
population from Ibidorhynchus struthersii under the name A. grandiceps (Piaget). 
Specimens (17 3, 18 ) collected from skins of this host from India, Tibet, Szechwan 
and N. Kansu have been seen. These are mostly in rather poor condition and it has 
not been possible to check the variation of certain characters in which they appear 
to differ from A. grandiceps from Haematopus. These are possibly the proportions 
of the head and last abdominal segment of the female, and the greater length of post- 
spiracular seta V relative to II in the females, but there are few specimens in which 
these setae are unbroken. The shape and size of the prosternal plate in specimens 
from both Haematopus and Ibidorhynchus vary considerably due to the degree of 
pigmentation of the plate. The mean of the number of tergocentral setae of the meta- 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 227 


thorax is greater in specimens from Ibidorhynchus : in the 17 males examined only 
one specimen (in poor condition) probably had six central setae, the rest ranged 
from 9-15, with a mean of 10°59; a sample of 18 of grandiceps ranged from six 
(one specimen) to II, with a mean of 8-72. The 18 females had a range of six (two 


Fics. 59-60. A. totani, male genitalia. 59. Ventral. 60. Dorsal. 


specimens) to 16 tergocentral setae and a mean of 10-72; in 18 specimens of grandi- 
ceps sens. stry., one specimen had six setae, the range was 6-11 and the mean 8-47. 


The pediculoides Group 


This group contains two species: A. pediculoides, the systematic position of 
which has been discussed above (p. 191), and A. sabulosus sp. n. They resemble 
each other in the shallow preocular notch and reduction of the preocular nodi, in 
the small size of dorsal head setae e, the reduction of the prosternal plate, the rather 
sparse ventral chaetotaxy of the abdomen and the shape of the posterior margin 
of the mesosomal plate. The head is narrow at the temples in pediculoides, in 
which character it resembles evinaceus, and rather less so in sabulosus. It is difficult 


228 THERESA CLAY 


to say whether the two species are, in fact, related or only resemble each other due 
to some similarity of their habitats, perhaps both living in the quills as suggested 
above (p. 192). 


Actornithophilus sabulosus sp. n. 


Type host : Charadrius hiaticula semipalmatus Bonaparte 
(Pl. 4, fig. 3, Pl. 9, fig. 1; Text-figs. 7, 12, 18, 61, 62) 


This species is distinguished from pediculoides by the shape of the head, prosternal 
plate and the size of marginal prothoracic setae 1 and dorsal prothoracic setae I. 


j 
ij 


Arthur Smith del. 
Fics. 61-62. A. sabulosus sp.n. 61. Male genitalia, ventral. 62. Sclerite of genital sac. 


Mate. General characters as shown in Pl. 4, fig. 3. Relative sizes of dorsal 
head setae e., dorsal prothoracic setae 1 and marginal prothoracic setae I and 5 as 
in Text-fig. 7. Metanotum without long anterior setae ; in the single male marginal 
metathoracic setae 2 vary in length and thickness on the two sides of the body. 
Tergites I-VIII with setal pattern A; IV, V, VI and VII have one or two anterior 
setae, last segment without anterior dorsal setae. Sternal setae rather sparse, 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 229 


sternites I-VII with two rows of setae in centre of segment ; brush on IV as shown 
in Pl. 6, fig. 1. Ventral setae in the centre of the last segment eight in number and 
fewer than in the specimens of pediculoides examined, which have 10-14, but the 
number of setae here seems to be a variable character : two specimens of A. ochraceus 
from one host individual, for instance, have six and nine respectively. Genitalia 
as in Text-figs. 61-62. 

FEMALE. Characters of head, thorax and chaetotaxy of tergites I-VIII as 
described for male except that there are seven mesosternal setae and nine metaster- 
nal. Sternites I-VII as described for male but there are three to four more setae 
in the brushes on segment IV. Last segment without anterior dorsal setae. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. I <4, I 2 from Charadrius hiaticula semipalmatus from 
Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, 17.vi.1934. 

Holotype male and allotype female, slide No. 659 in the British Museum (Natural 
History) presented by Mr. G. H. E. Hopkins from Charadrius hiaticula semipalmatus 
Bonaparte with data as given above. 


Measurements in mm. 
Male Female 


aa ra —— 
Length Breadth Length Breadth 


Head (B.1) . 0°355 0°410 . 0-380 0-410 
(B.2) = 0°3307 = 0+ 330 
Prothorax _ = 0°330 . — 0°325 
Metathorax . — 0°430 . — 0+440 
Abdomen = 9 ?460 0:580 . 1°540 0 +600 
Total : . 2:180 — - 3°290 — 


TABLE I.—Breadths and Lengths of Male Head in mm. of A. umbrinus Populations 
from Various Hosts, with Ratio of Length of Head (L) to Breadth 1 and Crude Mean 
Wing Length in mm. of Male Hosts 


Wing 
Head of parasite length 
— A ~ of male 
Breadth 1 Breadth 2 Length host 
ae =< are aia ey > (Crude 
Host Range Mean Range Mean Mean hor mean) 
Bt 
Erolia subminuta (2) . 0:375-0°390 0-382 . 0-310 — .— — . 4 
E. minutilla (20) 0°395-0°440 0-°410 . 0:310-0°330 0:°316 . 0°321 0-780 . 87 
E. minuta (5) . 0°395-0°460 0:°420 . 0:310-0:340 0:326 . 0°329 0°785 . 96 
Eveunetes mauri (8) 0*405-0°440 0°420 . 0°315-0°335 0°322 . — — . 94:°6* 
Evolia alpina (22) . 0°420-0'495 0°450 . 0°325-0°370 0°345 . 0°332 0°740 . 108 
Erolia testacea (7) 0:420-0:480 0:°448 . 0:320-0°355 0°344 . 0°336 0-750 . 129 
Erolia fuscicollis (8) . 0°415-0°475 0°45I . 0°330-0°360 0°350. — — . 119-7* 
Crocethia alba (6) 0+450-0'480 0:460 . 0°340-0°370 0°350 . 0°337 0°730 . 123 
Micropalama himan- . 0°450-0°475 0:°465 . 0°345-0°360 0°365 . — — . 124°4* 
topus (3) 
Philomachus pugnax . 0+490-0:540 0°520 . 0:370-0:400 0:°386 . 0°350 0:675 . 192 


(11) 
Calidris canutus (7) . 0°510-0:550 0°530 . 0°390-0°420 0°405 . 0°367 0:690 . 166 
B.1, breadth at temples; B.2, breadth at preocular enlargement. Number of parasites measured 
in brackets. 
*Average wing length as given in Ridgeway, 1919, The Birds of North & Middle America, vol. VIII. 


230 


THERESA CLAY 


Anterior tergal setaet 
A 


Cn 


Segment 


eg 


Range of 35 3 


: Ss 

hs lt | 

3-11 
2-16 
5-22 
9-20 
7-21 
8-17 
2-12 


Tergocentral 
setaet 
range 
4-7 
6-12 
8—22 
10-24 
15-25 
15-25 
11-18 
7-8 


TABLE II.—Range of Tergal Setae of Male A. totani from Tringa totanus 


tNumbers given in column under Anterior tergal setae are the number of setae (alveoli) in a square 


o‘II Xo*rr mm. in the centre of the tergite omitting the marginal and large submarginal setae. 


The 


tergocentral setae are the small marginal and the larger slightly submarginal setae omitting the post- 
spiracular and the seta next to it. 

*Total number of dorsal anterior setae omitting the two long setae found on all species of Actornitho- 
philus. 


TABLE III.—Mean and Range in mm. of Breadth of Head at Temples of 
Male A. totani from Tringa totanus from Various Localities 


Number Number Host 

Mean Range of specimens of hosts Locality subspecies 
0°513 . 0:480-0°550 . II 2 Estonia t. totanus. 
0°502 . 0'455-0°530 . 6 4 Iceland, S. Uist t. robusta. 
0°497 . 0°490-0'505 . 2 I E. Scotland t. subsp. ? 
0-488 . 0:480-0-495 . 3 I Morocco t. totanus. 
0:468 . 0°455-0°480 . 3 3 British Isles t. totanus. 
0°457 . 0°450-0:'465 . 2 2 Ireland t. subsp. ? 
0°4560 . 0°445-0°465 . 6 4 India, Ceylon, Sudan t. eurhinus. 
0°455 - 0°450-0'460 . 2 2 British Isles t. britannica. 


TABLE 1V.—Measurements in mm. of Breadth of Head at Temples (1) and at 
Preocular Enlargement (2) of A. totani from Various Species of Tringa 


Male 
Breadth 1 Breadth 2 
i “tie Sarthe uke A iy 
Host Range Mean Range Mean 

Tringa totanus* 0°45-0°53 0°49 (38) 0+ 33-0°38 0+ 36 (39) 
T. erythropus (4) 0°47-0°50 0:48 0+ 34-036 0°35 
T. stagnatilis : . 0°42-0°45 0°45 (6) 0+ 32-0°34 0:33 (4) 
T. flavipes (10) 0-*41-0°47 0°45 0+ 31-0°35 0°33 
T. glareola (8) 0+40-0°48 0:44 0+ 29-0: 36 0+32 

Female 
Tringa totanus (40) 0+ 48-0°57 0°52 0+35-0'41 0°38 
T. erythropus (4) 0*49-0°52 0°51 0+ 36-0: 38 0°37 
T. stagnatilis (5) 0+46-0-49 0+47 0+ 35-0" 36 0°35 
T. flavipes (10) 0*47-0'50 0-48 0-34-0°36 0°35 
T. glareolat (16) 0*43-0°50 0°45 0+ 32-036 0+33 


*See also Table IIT. 
tMean of breadth 1 of 10 specimens from the Sudan is 0-44 and of the remaining 6 from other localities 


is 0.47, the corresponding figures for breadth 2 are: 0-329 and 0.345; there are no males from the 
Sudan. 


A KEY DO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 


231 
TABLE V.—Measurements in mm. of Actornithophilus Species 
Male 
totant flumineus paludosus lacustris limarius 
‘a ae ae a es Sa ae a ED a => 
Length Breadth Length Breadth Length Breadth Length Breadth Length Breadth 
Head - 0°360 0°500 . 0°350 0°430 . 0°340 0°455 . 0°375 0°550 . 0°320 0°465 
B.2 _ 0°365 .. — 0°340. — 0°340. — 0:390 . — 0-330 
Prothorax — 0°350. — 0-310. — 0°325 . — 0°390 . — 0+ 340 
Metathorax — O"450.-.° —— OAS be O2300) 0-500). 0°425 
Abdomen. 1-170 0:550 . 0:970 0490 . I:000 0°470 . I'310 0:°605 . 1°155 0°550 
Total . 1:°930 — I*700 — 1°680 — 2:120 — 1°850 — 
Female 
Head . 0°370 0°'520 . 0°370 0°470 . 0°350 0:°490 . 0:380 0°535 . 0°350 0490 
B.2 -_— 0°385 — 0:360 .. — 0-360. — 0-380 _— 0-350 
Prothorax — 0+ 365 — 0°330. — 0°335 .- — 0+370 — 0+350 
Metathorax — 0-510. — 0:480 . — 0°435 . — 0:500 . — 0+480 
Abdomen. 1-490 0:700 . 1-300 0:640 . I°420 0°'610 . 1°450 0:730 . 1:380 0:°665 
Total . 2°690 — .2:080 — .1°975 — .'2°230 — . 27120 — 
TABLE VI.—Measurements of Breadths of Head (in mm.) of A. paludosus 
from Tringa nebularia from Various Localities and from T. melanoleuca 
Male 
Breadth 1 Breadth 2 
(es x ren (me a | 
Host Locality Range Mean Range Mean 
T. nebularia Port Sudan and Aden (4) . 0:434-0'450 0:446 . 0:310-0'340 0:327 
Czechoslovakia (6) . 0°500-0:520 0:504 . 0°355-0'360 0-360 
T. melanoleuca N. America . 0°480-0°535 0°509 . 0°345-0°375 0°359 
Female 
T. nebularia Port Sudan and Aden (8) . 0:460-0°490 0:476 . 0:340-0°360 0-354 
Czechoslovakia (7) . 0*500-0'550 0°517 . 0:360—-0°380 0-368 
T. melanoleuca N. America . 0°470-0°550 O'5II . 0°350-0°385 ©:364 


TABLE VII.—Measurements in mm. of Breadths of Heads 


Re a A 


Mm mm A 


. flumineus (7) 

. lyallpurensis (5) 
. lacustris (10) . 

. limarius (20) . 


. flumineus (11) 
. lyallpurensis (9) 
. lacustris (10) . 
. limarius (20) . 


Male 
Breadth 1 Breadth 2 
Be a AS 
| a, | (fie Seay | 
Range Mean Range Mean 
0°40-0°45 0°43 0+ 31-0: 34 0*33 
0°43-0°46 0°44 0+31-0°33 0°32 
0° 52-0°55 0°54 0°37-0°41 0°39 
0°46-0°48 = 0°47 0°33-0°35 0°34 
Female 
0*44-0°49 0°47 0+ 34-0 °37 0-36 
0°45-0°49 0°47 O°3a-" 30 0°34 
O'53-0'50 0°55 0:38-0'41 = 039 
0-48-—0°50 0-49 0+ 34-0°36 0°35 


of Actornithophilus sf. 


232 THERESA CLAY 


63 


Pio cloururasg0e4 \\ Arthur Smith del, 


64 
Fics. 63-64. Posterior tergites of female abdomen. 63. A. ochraceus from type host. 64. A. sedes. 


NOTES ON THE INTERPRETATION OF CERTAIN NAMES 
Actornithophilus perplanus (Kellogg & Chapman, 1899) 


This species was based on a single specimen taken from one of the Alcae, Lunda 
cirrhata ; the type specimen on slide 543b (see Carriker, 1957 : 104) has been seen 
and is a female belonging to the ochraceus group. Its size suggests that it originated 
from one of the larger Charadriinae (sens. Peters, 1934) such as Squatarola squatarola 
or Pluvialis dominica. A specimen of Actornithophilus from the former host is 
referred to in the same paper on p. 112. Thus the name ferplanus would become 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 233 


Arthur Smith del. 


Fics. 65-66. Posterior tergites of female abdomen. 65. A. hoplopteri from type host. 
66. A. grandiceps. i.—inner posterior setae of last tergum. 


a synonym of flavipes (Giebel, 1874), or temidus (Kellogg, 1896), if these were con- 
sidered to be separable from ochraceus (Nitzsch, 1818), s. s., but as they have here 
been placed as synonyms of this latter name perplanus syn. n. becomes a synonym 
of ochraceus. 


Actornithophilus paetulus (Kellogg & Kuwana, 1900) 


The description of this species was based on a single specimen, said to have been 
taken from Arenaria interpres, and which now cannot be found. It is difficult to 


234 THERESA CLAY 


say what this specimen may have been, even whether it was a male or female, since 
it is referred to as a male in one place and a female in another. It has not been 
possible to find any Actornithophilus with long anterior setae on the metanotum and 


a 


Fics. 67-71. Posterior sternites of female abdomen. 67. A. spinulosus. 68. A. limosae. 
69. A. umbrinus. 70. A. bicolor. 71. A. crinitus. 


with abdominal chaetotaxy as shown in the figure and with proportions of the head 
as given by the measurements. However, it may be an incorrectly figured speci- 
men of the species normally found on Avenaria, that is A. bicolor (Piaget), but the 
name must remain a nomen dubium until the type specimen is found. 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 235 


Colpocephalum subpustulatum Carriker, 1910 


This species was based on a female from a kingfisher, Ceryle alcyon, and was 
almost certainly a straggler from one of the Charadrii. It is impossible to say what 
this specimen might have been as there is no Actornithophilus in which there is an 


80 — 
7O> 
60- 
50 — 
40— { 


30- 


(aa 


Ear 


‘@) 
Oo 
m 
n 
9) 


CDT F GilA BC Ok Ff GA 
I Il V 


Fic. 72. Diagram showing relative lengths of post-spiracular setae I, III and V expressed 
as a percentage of II for individuals of species of Actornithophilus. A-G males of 
Actornithophilus : A. ochvaceus ; B. hoplopteri; C. pauliani; D. himantopi; E. uni- 
seviatus ; F. tetralicis; G. lacustris. L-M. Post-spiracular seta III of females: L. 
ardeolae ; M. limosae. 


« 


‘absence of very long hairs on any portion of the body”. It must therefore be 
presumed that the specimen was damaged and that the long setae were missing. 
If the “ three irregular rows of fine short hairs’’ on the abdominal segments are 
dorsal, then the specimen might have belonged to the wmbrinus species-group, if 
ventral possibly to the ochraceus group. However, without seeing the type specimen 
it is impossible to do more than guess about its identification. 


236 THERESA CLAY 
Actornithophilus tigrus (Kellogg & Mann, 1912) 


The original description was based on material from Arenaria melanocephala and 
Aphriza virgata. Carriker (1957: 104) designated Arenaria melanocephala as the 
type host, but did not select a lectotype from the three specimens on slide 48b from 
this host to which he refers. This slide has been seen and although labelled as 
three males, the specimens are in fact females. In the original description reference 
is also made to three males, but there is little doubt that these females are the original 
material as the description of the colour, dorsal chaetotaxy and the four small 
blotches on segment “ eight ” of the abdomen fits the female of this species but not 
the male ; it was also stated that the genitalia were not visible. This slide has now 
been remounted and one of the females labelled as lectotype of A. tigrus. Specimens 
from Arenaria melanocephala do not appear to be separable from the population on 
A. interpres, so tigrus syn. n. becomes a synonym of bicolor (Piaget). 


Actornithophilus scopularis (Neumann, 1912) 


This was described from one male and two females taken from a Passer domesticus 
at Tring, England. The figure and description could apply to the Actornithophilus 
found on Vanellus vanellus, a likely bird to be found at Tring. However, the 
measurements given for the head do not seem to fit any species of Actornithophilus 
from the Charadrii either in actual measurements or in proportions; the breadth 
of the head is similar to that of grandiceps from Haematopus ostralegus (not likely to 
be found at Tring), but the length is too great. Assuming that the measurements 
of the head are incorrect, it is possible that the specimens on which scopularis was 
based originated from Vanellus vanellus and were A. gracile (Paiget). However, 
unless the type is found this name must be considered a nomen dubium. 


Actornithophilus raviensis Ansari, ? 1955 


Actornithophilus vaviensis Ansari, ? 1955. Pvroc. VIIth Pakistan Sci. Conf. (Agriculture) : 55. 
Host : Himantopus h. himantopus. 

Actornithophilus vaviensis Ansari, 1956. Indian J. Ent. 17 (1955) : 400. Host: Ibid. 

Actornithophilus raviensis Ansari, 1957. Ibid. 18 (1956) : 434, figs. Host: Ibid. 


This species was described as new in all the publications given above and the first 
date of publication is uncertain. However, the description and figures make it 
probable that this name is a synonym of himantopi Blagoveshtchensky, 1951 from 
the same host, but this would have to be confirmed by an examination of the type. 
The measurements given in the description of the female holotype are too small for 
himantopi unless the specimen was in a shrunken condition; the fact that the 
anterior margin of the head is distorted supports the last suggestion as this form 
of distortion has been seen in other shrunken specimens. The characters of the dorsal 
chaetotaxy and the figure of the prosternal plate fit those of himantopi. 


antl >» | w 


“tat 


Io 


II 


(z) 


(7) 


(6) 


(10) 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 237 


KEY TO ACTORNITHOPHILUS! 


Seta at base of labial palp shorter than palp (Text-fig. 24) ; dorsal head sensillus 

4 and dorsal head seta d absent (Text-fig. 8) ; mesosternal plate with one 

central seta? (Text-fig. 21) ; 1st outer latero-ventral seta of tibia III short 

and fine : 2 
Seta at base of labial palp twice or more length of palp (Text- fig. 2 3); 

sensillus 4 and d.h. seta d present (Text-fig. 4) ; mesosternal plate coi 3 

or more central setae (Text-fig. 22) ; 1st outer latero-ventral seta of tibia III 

not short and fine (Text-fig. 52) ; : ; : ; ; : ‘ 4 
Dorsal prothoracic setae 1 and 2 present ; two inner posterior setae each side 

of last abdominal tergum ; lateral preocular margins of head approximately 

perpendicular ; ¢ with lateral head spines and asymmetrical genitalia ; 3 
D.p.s. 1 absent on at least one side; one inner posterior seta each side of last 

abdominal tergum (as in Text-fig. 65) ; head and genitalia not as above 

piceus sens. lat. (p. 201) 


Abdominal tergites I-VIII without row of anterior setae F ceruleus (p. 201) 
At least 3 abdominal tergites with row or rows of anterior setae. , incisus 
Metanotum with long anterior setae (Text-fig. 47) : : : : : 5 
Metanotum without long anterior setae (Text-fig. 46) . ; : : ; 14 


Abdominal pleurites without pattern of internal thickening ; internal anterior 
processes undeveloped ; tergites with never more than one row of anterior 
setae ; tergum of last segment without anterior setae ; shape of head cha- 
racteristic (Text-fig. 9). (Prosternal plate with 1-2 elongated setae) . patellatus 


Without above combination of characters . , : : ‘ : : 6 
D.p.s. 1 relatively long and stout (Text-fig. 6) ; : , : 2 ‘ 7 
D.p.s. 1 short and fine (Text-fig. 4). 9 


¢$ tergites with row of stout elongated submarginal setae and rows of smaller 
setae (PI. 4, fig. 3); 9 sao sternite broad and interrupted medially 
(Text-fig. 69) ; F : ‘ : 8 
6 tergites with setae all of the same type (PL. 4, fig. PW ie Ke penultimate sternite 
narrow and continuous across segment (as in Text-fig. 71). (Hypopharyngeal 
sclerites and epipharyngeal crest reduced ; last tergum with anterior setae) 
mutltisetosus 
Lingual sclerites and epipharyngeal crest reduced ; male genital sclerite as in 
Pl. 7, fig. 2; tergum of last segment of 2 usually without anterior setae pustulosus 
Lingual sclerites and epipharyngeal crest not reduced; male genital sclerite 
as in Pl. 7, fig. 1 ; tergum of last segment of 2 with anterior setae 
umbrinus s, 1. 
Males , , ‘ : : , ‘ , ‘ ; : ‘ ; 10 
Females . . ba 
Abdominal tergites I-VII “with ‘setal pattern A; head nodi large (Text-fig. 
29); tergum of last segment without anterior setae. (Internal anterior pro- 
cesses of tergites well developed) . ; ; : : ; : gracilis 
Without above combination of characters . 2 . : ; II 
Size and number S tergal setae as in Pl. 2, fig. 4; head br I: 0°53-0°55, b.2: 
0-38—0-41 mm.; male genital sclerite as in Pl. 8, fig. 5. Prosternal plate 
usually with anterior median projection (Text-fig. 20) lacustris sp. n. (Pl. 5, fig. 1) 
Size and number of tergal setae as in Pl. 2, fig. 6; head b.1: 0-43-0'52, b.2: 
0*3I-—0°37 mm. ; male genital sclerite long, similar to Pl. 8, fig. 4 
paludosus sp. n. (Pl. 5, fig. 3) 


All species recognized are included with the exception of A. stictus, A. ocellatus and A. subpustulatus, 
of which no specimens have been seen. 
"Occasionally absent or two in number. 


ENTOM, II, 5. 14 


238 


20 (19) 


THERESA CLAY 


Size and number of tergal setae as in Pl. 5, fig. 5; head b.1: 0-46-0-48, b.2: 
0*33-0°35 mm. ; male genital sclerite as in Pl. 11, fig. 4. (Prosternal plate 
without definite anterior median projection, tends to be pointed post- 
eriorly) ‘ limarius sp. n. (Pl. 5, fig. 2) 

Tergite VII with setal pattern A; no anterior setae on last tergum : ; 13 

Tergite VII with setal pattern otherwise : anterior setae on last tergum 

limarius sp. n. 

Head nodi large (Text-fig. 29) ; internal pleural thickening well developed and 
bilobed ; prosternal plate surrounds setae ; asi VIII with sternal pattern 
A.I ; : ‘ ; gracilis 

Without above combination of characters F ‘ lacustris, paludosus (p. 222) 

D.h.s. é¢ small (Text-fig. 7) ; pleurites without well-marked pattern of internal 
thickening ; tergites I-VII with setal pattern A; posterior margin of meso- 


some with well-marked pointed projections each side (Text-fig. 59) . ; 15 
Without above combination of characters . , ‘ 16 
Preocular emargination (Text-fig. 12) and prosternal plate (Text-fig. 18) charac- 
teristic; m.p.s. 1 andd.p.s. 1 long (Text-fig. 7) : sabulosus sp. n. (Pl. 4, fig. 3) 
Preocular emargination (Text-fig. 14) and prosternal plate (Text-fig. 17) cha- 

racteristic ; m.p.s. 1 and d.p.s. 1 shorter (similar to Text-fig. 6) . — 
Males . ‘ : ‘ ‘ . ‘ : . : . 17 
Females . ‘ F ‘ ‘ ; 34 
Tergum of last abdominal segment without anterior setae ; : ; ‘ 18 
Tergum of last abdominal segment with anterior setae . ‘ : ‘ : 29 
Tergites VI and VII at least with tergal pattern A F : , ; é 19 
Tergites VI and VII with more central setae ‘ > : : : 28 
Preocular and occipital nodi small (as in Text-fig. 41); d.p.s. 1 minute (Text- 


fig. 4) ; sclerite in sac as in A. totani (Text-fig. 60). (Tergal setae each side of 
p.sp.s. of VIII long, central setae of tergite VIII long and stout ; tergites II- 
VIII each with a well-marked row of anterior setae ; leg setae sparse) 
lyallpurensis 
Without above combination of characters . : : 20 
Setae of brush on 3rd femora and sternite IV (Pl. 9, fig. 5) n numerous ; latero- 
ventral setae of tibiae II-III: 3 long and 1-2 short and fine (Text-fig. 53); 
outer latero-dorsal tibial setae of III 7—-9 (Text-fig. 54). Post-spiracular setae 
III and V not markedly shorter than II and IV (Text-fig. 72) ; male genital 


sclerite as in Pl. 10, fig. 6 4 ; ‘ tetralicis sp. n. (Pl. 4, fig. 2) 
Without above combination of characters , 21 
Sclerite of genital sac as in Pl. 10, fig. 5. (Nodi well developed, Text- ses 33-37> 

tergites I-VII with setal pattern A, VIII with A.1) . 22 
Sclerite of genital sac otherwise (Pl. 10, figs. 3, 4) ; F ‘ ‘ , 23 


Prosternal setae not surrounded by prosternal plate; post-spiracular setae I 
and III (Text-fig. 72) and tergal setae longer than in hoplopieri (Pl. 7, fig. 2) 


pauliani 
Prosternal setae surrounded by prosternal plate; post-spiracular setae I and III 
(Text-fig 72) and tergal setae shorter (Pl. 7, fig. 1) . . hoplopteri s. 1. 


Preocular enlargement with 3-4 setae on both sides of head (Text-fig. 4). Two 
or more tergites with row of anterior setae; tergal setae rather short and 
stout ; sclerite of genital sac as in Pl. 10, fig. 4. . crinitus sp. n. (Pl. 4, fig. 1) 
Without above combination of characters . 3 24 
M.p.s. 5 (Text-fig. 5) and m.m.s. 2 (Text-fig. 46) usually not short and fine ; 
d.p.s. 1 not minute (cf. Text-figs. 5 and 4) ; inner tergocentral setae of II-VI 
markedly shorter than the outer setae (Text-fig. 49) ; p.sp.s. III relatively 
longer than that of ochvaceus and hoplopteri (Text-fig. ES ; : ‘ : 25 
Without above combination of characters . : ‘ ; = . 27 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 239 


25 (24) D.h.s. a spine-like ; head as in Pl. 6, 48. ye : : : : . mexicanus 
D.h.s. @ not spine-like , : : : : 26 

26 (25) At least one tergite normally with 4 or more ‘central setae. Head as in 
Pl. 6, fig. 1 : . uniseriatus 
— All tergites normally with 6 central setae. "Head as in ‘PL 6, fig. an ; . himantopi 

27 (24) Sides of abdomen rounded and shape of head as in Pl. 4, fig. 4; sclerite of 
genital sac as in Pl. 11, fig. 2 . , . . sedes 

— Sides of abdomen more a and shape of head as in Text- fig. 2; genital 
sac as in Pl. 10, fig.3_.. : ochraceus sens. lat. 

28 (18) Tergite I with one marginal row of setae and sometimes I—2 anterior setae ; 

metanotum with marginal setal pattern A; head asin Pl. 7, fig 5 . ardeolae 

— Tergite I with one marginal and one anterior row of setae; metanotum with 
marginal pattern usually otherwise . : . grandiceps 
9 (17) Tergites I-VII with tergal pattern A ; head as in ‘Pl, 4, fig 5 flumineus sp. n. 
— Tergites I-VII with setal pattern otherwise F ; ‘ : 30 
30 (29) Pleurites narrow ; shape of head as in Text-fig. 13 ; < : . erinaceus 
— Not as above . 31 


31 (30) Tergites II-VIII with 2 submarginal setae each side (excluding the p.sp.s.) 
considerably longer and stouter than marginal row (PI. 9, fig. 6) ; prosternal 
setae not surrounded by prosternal plate ; sclerite of genital sac distinctive 


(Pl. 11, fig. 3) : : : ‘ ; 7 ; d bicolor 
— Without above combination of characters ; ; : ; ; : ‘ 32 
32 (31) Prosternal setae surrounded by prosternal plate; genital sclerite short (Text- 

fig. 60) ; usually not more than 4—5 mesosternal setae : totani (Text-fig. 3) 
— Without above combination of characters . : ; 33 
33 (32) Stout submarginal setae of tergite VIII thicker relative to rest of dorsal setae, 

number of fine marginal setae greater (Pl. 8, fig. 3) than in limosae spinulosus 
= Stout submarginal setae of tergite VIII less thick relative to rest of dorsal 

setae, number of finer marginal setae less (Pl. 8, figs. 1 and 2) . limosae s. l. 
34 (16) Temples scarcely expanded (as in g, Text-fig. 13) ; pleurites with stout spines. 

(Tergites I-VIII with setal pattern A and one anterior row of setae) . erinaceus 
— Without above combination of characters . ; : : F : ‘ 35 


35 (34) Prosternal setae not surrounded by prosternal plate ; sclerites of genital region 
characteristic (Text-fig. 70); m.m.s. 2 stout; tergites I-VIII with setal 


pattern A, VIII occasionally has A.1, no rows of anterior setae . : bicolor 
—_ Without above combination of characters . : ; ; ; ‘ : 36 
36 (35) Tergite VII with 8 or less central setae : : ' 3 : : ‘ 38 
_— Tergite VII with 10 or more central setae. (At least 5 tergites with anterior 

setae) . ; : ‘ ; , ; , ; : ag 
37 (36) Head nodi small (Text-fig. 45); metanotum with marginal setal pattern A ; 

last tergum with one inner posterior seta . : ‘ spinulosus 


— Head nodi larger (Text-fig. 44) ; metanotum with marginal setal pattern usually 

otherwise ; last tergum with 2-3 inner posterior setae (Text-fig. 66) . grandiceps 
38 (36) Head nodi of medium size (Text-fig. 43); d.p.s. 1 rather stout ; m.p.s. 5 elongate, 

m.m.s. 2 stout ; at least 3 tergites with more central setae than in pattern A, 

at least 4 tergites with an anterior row of setae ; pats of head as in Text-fig. 

II , ‘ ‘ .  ardeolae 
_ Without above combination of characters . ; 39 
39 (38) Mesosternum with 7-11 setae; prosternal setae not surrounded by prosternal 

plate ; head nodi small (Text: fig. 42); shape of head as in Text-fig. 10. At 


least 3 tergites with a row of anterior setae g : : limosae s. I. 
— Without above combination of characters . ; : ; : ‘ , 40 
40 (39) Head nodi small (Text-fig. 41) . , : : . . F ; ; 41 


ae Head nodi not small (Text-figs. 25-40) ; ‘ : : ‘ ‘ : 43 


THERESA CLAY 


Tergites without anterior setae . : . : 3 . kilauensis 
Tergites with anterior setae on at least 3 segments : : ; ‘ . 42 
Prosternal setae not surrounded by prosternal plate . paludosus sp. n. (p. 222) 


Prosternal setae surrounded by prosternal plate (Text-fig. 15) 
totani group (p. 215) 
Preocular enlargement with 3—4 setae on both sides of the head (Text-fig. 4) ; 
(Tergites I-VII with setal pattern A, VIII with setal pattern A.1; anterior 
setae on some tergites) . " : , ; : .  crinitus sp. n. 
Without above combination of characters ; 44 
Setae of brush on 3rd femora and sternite IV (PL. 9, fig. 5) and nated lateral 
margins of tibiae more numerous than in the following species ; outer latero- 
ventral setae of tibiae II-III: 3 long and 1-2 short and fine, outer latero- 
dorsal setae: 7-10 (Text figs. 53-54). P.sp.s. III and V not markedly 


shorter than II. Shape of head as in male (PI. 4, fig. 2) ; . tetralicis sp. n. 
Without above combination of characters . ‘ 45 
Tergites I-II, VI—-VII at least, usually with setal pattern A, total central setae 

on tergites II-VII less than 44, known range 36-39 . ‘ 47 
Tergites II-VI at least with more central setae, total central setae of tergites 

II-VII more than 44, known range 48-54 , : ’ ; : 46 
Breadth of head, known range: 0-57-0-61 mm. . ‘ ; ; " uniseriatus 
Breadth of head, known range 0:50-0:51 mm. ‘ F . mexicanus 
D.p.s. 1 rather stout (as in Text-fig. 5); p.m.s. 5 elongated : m.m.s. 2 rather 

stout ; head shape as in ¢ (Pl. 6, fig. 3) . : ; ‘ ‘ . himantopi 
Without above combination of characters . ‘ ' 48 
Prosternal setae not surrounded by prosternal plate. (at least 3 tergites with 

row of anterior setae) . ; : ’ ‘ . pauliani 
Prosternal setae surrounded by plate , : , 49 
Outer tergocentral setae of VII reach nearly or to end of abdomen, shape of 

last segment as in Text-fig. 64 ; sides of abdomen rounded ‘ ; . sedes 
Outer tergocentral setae of VII shorter, shape of last segment as in Text-figs. 

63, 65; sides of abdomen more parallel . ; F : 50 
Anterior edge of preocular nodus usually straighter (Text- figs. 3 3-37) ; outer 

tergocentral setae of VIII short (Text-fig. 65) . . hoplopteri s. 1. 
Anterior edge of preocular nodus usually indented (Text- figs 25-28) ; outer 

tergocentral seta of VIII longer (Text-fig. 63) . * . .  ochraceus s. !. 

GLOSSARY 


Anterior tergal setae. The setae anterior to the row along the posterior margin of 
the tergite (Text-fig. 50, a) ; in the key the term is used for the setae in the centre 
of the segment as laterally there may be extra setae when centrally there is 
only one row. The anterior setae of the last tergum are the shorter setae 
anterior to and level with the long lateral setae always found on the dorsal 
surface of the last abdominal segment in both sexes. The long anterior setae of 
the metanotum are the longer setae found in the central area of the metanotum 
in some species (Text-fig. 47, a). 

Breadth of the head; b.1 and 6.2. B.1 = breadth at temples, b.2 = breadth at 
preocular enlargement. 

Dorsal head sensilli (d. h. sens.) 1-4. These have been discussed elsewhere (Clay, 
1961) and are shown here in Text-fig. 4. 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 241 


Dorsal head setae (d. h. s.) a—f. These setae may show useful taxonomic characters 
(Text-fig. 4). 
Dorsal prothoracic seta (d. p.s.) I-2. See Text-fig. 4. 


Inner posterior setae of last tergum. In most of the species of Actornithophilus there 
is one short seta each side of the posterior margin of the last tergum of the female 
(Text-fig. 65) ; in A. grandiceps (Text-fig. 66) there are two to three each side, 
although the occasional specimen may have only one. 


Internal anterior process of tergite. The size of this varies considerably in different 
species (Text-figs. 55-57 and PI. 7, fig. 1). 

Male genital sclerite. The sclerite in the genital sac of the male genitalia, the form 
of which may be of taxonomic value (Pls. 10 and 11). 


Marginal prothoracic seta 5 (m. p. s. 5). Although this seta tends to show individual 
variation in length and thickness, in some species it is normally short and fine 
and in others longer and stouter (Text-figs 4 and 5). This also applies to 
m.m.s. 2 see below. 


Marginal metathoracic seta 2 (m.m.s. 2). See above under m.p.s. 5 and Text-figs. 
46 and 47. 

Marginal tergal setae of metathorax and abdomen. In many species of Actornitho- 
philus the marginal setae of the tergites are arranged from the lateral margin 
inwards as follows: the long stout post-spiracular seta followed by a shorter 
seta ; between these two setae, which lie each end of the tergite, is a row of 
six setae (the tergocentral setae); this arrangement is referred to as Setal 
Pattern A (Text-fig. 49). In some groups of species tergite VIII has only four 
central setae and this is referred to as A.1 (Text-figs. 63 and 64). The occasional 
specimen may have one or two segments in which there is an extra seta. In 
some species where the central tergal setae are more numerous there may be 
six stouter and longer, sometimes submarginal, setae which may represent the 
usual six central setae of pattern A. In certain groups of species (7.e. ochraceus 
and hoploptert) this pattern is quite constant, in other species there may be 
some specimens which show setal pattern A on certain segments and others 
in which these segments have a greater number of central setae. In the 
majority of species from the Charadriidae the metanotum also has setal pattern 
A, but in A. grandiceps there are usually more central setae. 


Post-spiracular setae (p.sp.s). See Text-fig. 49. 

Preocular enlargement. The enlargement of the lateral margin of the head anterior 
to the preocular notch. 

Preocular nodus. The patch of thickening surrounding the preocular notch (Text- 
figs. 33-45). 

Prosternal setae. The two small setae in the centre of the prosternum which may 
(Text-fig. 15) or may not (Text-fig. 19) be surrounded by the prosternal plate. 
There may also be a long central seta posterior to these (Text-fig. 17). 


Setal pattern A and A.t. See under marginal setae. 


242 


THERESA CLAY 


LIST OF SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS PARASITIC 
ON THE CHARADRIIFORMES 


Names considered to be synonyms in Hopkins & Clay (1952), are not repeated 


here. 


* Denotes that the holotypes or paratypes have been seen ; + that specimens have 


been seen from the type host. 


Species 
taffinis (Nitzsch), 1874 
talbus Emerson, 1948 
*ardeolae Timmermann, 1954 
tbicolor (Piaget), 1880 
brachycephalus (Giebel), 1874 


tcandidus Carriker, 1949 


*ceruleus (Timmermann, 1954) . 


*crassipes (Piaget, 1880) 
*crinitus sp. n. 


tepiphanes (Kellogg & Chap- . 


man, 1902) 


*evinaceus Timmermann, 1954 . 


tflavipes (Giebel, 1874) 
*flumineus sp. n. 
funebris (Kellogg, 1896) 
*fuscipes (Piaget, 1880) 
*gracilis (Piaget, 1880) 


*grandiceps (Piaget, 1880) 

thimantopi (Blagoveshtch- 
ensky, 1951) 

thirsutus Carriker, 1954 

thoploptert (Mjéberg, 1910) 

*hvabei Balat, 1953 

tincisus (Piaget, 1880) 


*kilauensis (Kellog & Chap- 
man, 1902) 
*lacustris sp. n. 


lari (Packard, 1870) 


tlaveni Eichler, 1953 
*limarius sp. n. 


tlimosae (Kellogg, 1908) 

tlyallpurensis Ansari, 1955 

tmaurus (Nitzsch, 1866) 

*mexicanus Emerson, 1953 

tmilleri (Kellogg & Kuwana, 
1902) 

tmorsitans (Kellogg & Mann, 
1912) 

tmultisetosus Blagoveshtch- 
ensky, 1940 


Type host 
Tringa erythropus 
Crocethia alba 
Dromas ardeola 
Arenaria i. interpres 
Stercorarius pomarinus 


Gygis alba candida 

? Procelsterna c. cerulea 
Thalasseus bergit cristatus 
Stephanibyx c. coronatus 
Anous stolidus pileatus 


Rostratula benghalensis 
Squatarola squatarola 
Actitis hypoleucos 
Larus glaucescens 
Larus dominicanus 

“* Platalea alba ’’ Error 


Haematopus ostralegus 
Himantopus h. himantopus 


Eveunetes pusillus 

Hoplopterus spinosus 

Evolia a. alpina 

““ Phaeton flavirosiris ”’ 
Error 

Heteroscelus incana 


Catoptrophorus semipalma- 
tus inornatus 
Larus marinus 


Charadrius h. hiaticula 
Limnodromus griseus scolo- 
paceus 
Limosa 1. lapponica 
Tringa ochropus 
Chlidonias n. nigra 
Himantopus h. mexicanus 
Anous stolidus galapagensis 


Evolia melanotos 


Lymnocryptes minima 


Comments 
= totani (Schrank). 
= umbrinus (Burmeister) s. /. 


Probably straggler ; uniden- 
tifiable. 

p. 201. 

Correct host doubtful (p. 201) 

= piceus (Denny). 

Pp. 205. 

= incisus (Piaget). 


= ochraceus (Nitsch) s. 1. 

DP. 32%: 

= piceus (Denny) s. 1. 

= piceus (Denny) s. l. 

True host probably Vanellus 
vanellus (p. 202). 

p. 226. 

p. 208. 


= umbrinus (Burm.) s. /. 

p. 202. 

= umbrinus (Burm.) s. /. 

Host probably Anous stoli- 
dus. 


p. 224. 
p. 220. 


= piceus (Denny) s. 1. 
(p. 201). 

= ochraceus Nitzsch s. 1. 

p. 222. 


p. 224. 
p. 217. 
= piceus (Denny). 
p. 208. 
= incisus (Piaget). 


= umbrinus (Burm.) s. 1. 


A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTORNITHOPHILUS FERRIS 243 


Species 
tnumenti Rudow, 1866 


ocellatus (Rudow, 1869) 
tochraceus (Nitzsch, 1818) 


*pacificus (Timmermann, 
1955) 
paetulus (Kellogg & Kuwana, 
1901) 
*paludosus sp. n. 
*patellatus (Piaget, 1890) 
tpauliani Séguy, 1954 
tpediculoides (Mjéberg, 1910) 
*perplanus (Kellog & Chap- 
man, 1899) 
tperrarus Blagoveshtchensky, 
1948 
*piceus (Denny, 1842) 
*pustulatus (Piaget, 1880) 


*pustulosus (Piaget, 1880) 
traviensis Ansari, 1955 


*sabulosus sp. n. 


scopularius (Neumann, 1912) 
tsedes Eichler, 1944 
*spinulosus (Piaget, 1880) 
stictus (Kellogg & Paine, 1911) . 


subpustulatus (Carriker, 1910) . 


*sulcatus (Piaget, 1880) 

svobodai (Balat, 1953) (cor- 
rected from svobodae by 
Balat, 1957) 

*tetralicis sp. Nn. 

*tigrus (Kellogg & Mann, 
1912) 

*timidus (Kellogg, 1896) 

ttotani (Schrank, 1803) 

ttrilobatus (Giebel, 1874) 

tumbrinus (Burmeister, 1838) 

*umbrinus (Piaget, 1880) 

*umbrosus (Harrison, 1916) 

*uniformis (Kellogg, 1896) 


*uniseriatus (Piaget, 1880) 


Type Host 


Numenius arquata orienta- 
lis 

Numenius p. phaeopus 

Pluvialis apricaria oreoph- 
alos 

Puffinus pacificus Error ? 


Arenaria 1. interpres 


Tringa nebularia 
Numenius a. arquatus 
Chionis minor 

Avrenaria interpres 

“ Lunda cirrhata’”’ Error 


Charadrius dubius coronicus 


Thalasseus s. sandvicensis 
“ Gypogeranus (Spizaetus) 
cirvatus ’’ Error 
Philomachus pugnax 
Himantopus himantopus 


Charadrius hiaticula semi- 
palmatus 

“‘Passey domesticus ”’ Error 

Glareola p. pratincola 

Limosa 1. limosa 

Capella delicata 

“ Ceryle alcyon’”’ Error 

Chlidonias n. nigra 

Vanellus vanellus 


Burhinus o. oedicnemus 
Arenaria melanocephala 


Pluvialis d. dominica 
Tringa t. totanus 

Evolia minuta 

Evolia testacea 

Evolia testacea 

Evolia testacea 
Recurvirostva americana 


Recurvirostva avosetia 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 


Comments 


= patellatum (Piaget) (see 
Clay & Hopkins, 1955 : 53). 


Pp. 203. 


Probably = incisus Piaget ; 
host: Anous sp. (p. 202). 
pi239. 


p. 219. 

p.192; 

p. 203. 

p. 191. 

= ochraceus (Nitzsch), s. l. 
(p. 232). 

= ochraceus (Nitzsch), s. /. 


= spinulosum (Piaget). 


Prats, 

= himantopi Blagoveshtch- 
ensky (p. 236). 

p.226: 


? = gracile (Piaget) (p. 236). 
p. 196. 
p. 224. 


D255: 
= piceus (Denny). 


= gracile (Piaget). 


p. 206. 
= bicolor (Piaget) (p. 236). 


= ochraceus (Nitzsch). 

p. 215. 

= umbrinus (Burm) s. 1. 

Diidi2; 

= umbrinus (Burm.) (p. 214). 

= umbrinus (Burm.) (p. 212). 

= uniseriatum (Piaget) (p. 
210). 

p. 208. 


I am indebted to the following for the loan of material : Dr. K. C. Emerson, Dr. 
F. Balat, Dr. J. Mouchet, the United States National Museum and especially to 
Dr. P. R. Ehrlich of the Natural History Museum, Stanford University for the loan 


244 THERESA CLAY 


of the Kellogg Actornithophilus type material. I am also indebted to Dr. K. C. 
Emerson and Mr. G. H. E. Hopkins for reading and criticizing parts of the manuscript. 


REFERENCES 


BaLaT, F. 1953. Vsenky rodu Actornithophilus Ferris, 1916. Zool. ent. Listy, II, 16 : 93-106. 

BIGELow, R.S. 1958: Classification and Phylogeny. Syst. Zool. 7 : 50-59. 

Bock, W. J. 1958. A generic review of the plovers (Charadriinae, Aves). Bull. Mus. comp. 
Zool. Harv. 118 : 27-97. 

CARRIKER, M. A. 1957. Notes on some of the Kellogg Types of Mallophaga. Microentomology, 
22 : 95-110. 

Cray, T. 1947. A preliminary key to the genera of the Menoponidae. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 

117 : 457-477. 

1951. An introduction to a classification of the avian Ischnocera: Pt. I. Tvamns. R. ent. 

Soc. Lond. 102 : 171-194. 

1951. The Mallophaga as an aid to the classification of birds. Proc. Intern. orn. Cong., 

Uppsala, 1950 : 207-215. 

—— 1953. Systematic notes on the Piaget collections of Mallophaga. Pt. IV. Ann. Mag. nat. 
Hist. (12) 6 : 641-657. 

1958. Revisions of Mallophaga genera. Degeeriella from the Falconiformes. Bull. Brit. 

Mus. (nat. Hist.), Entom. 7 : 123-207. 

1961. A new genus and species of Menoponidae from Apteryx. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 

(13) (1960), 3 : 571-575. 

Cray, T. & Hopkins, G. H. E. 1955. Notes on the Rudow collection of Mallophaga at Ham- 
burg. Mitt. hamburg. zool. Mus. 53 : 49-73. 

1960. The early literature on Mallophaga, Pt. IV. Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist), 
Entom. 9 : 3-61. 

EICHLER, W. 1946. Probleme der Mallophagenforschung. Vdgel dev Heimat, 16 Jahrg. 9: 115. 

Emerson, K. C. 1956. A note on the identity of Longimenopon pediculoides. Proc. ent. Soc. 
Wash. 58 : 295-296. 

Jounson, P. 1960. The Anoplura of African rodents and Insectivores. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dept. 
Agric. No. 1211 : 1-116. 

PETERS, J. L. 1934. Chech-list of birds of the world. Vol. II. Cambridge, U.S.A. 

Simpson, G. J. 1941. Range as a zoological character. Amer. J. Sci. 239 : 785-804. 

TIMMERMANN, G. 1954. Studien iiber Mallophagen aus den Sammlungen des Britischen Museums 

(Nat. Hist.), London. II. Das Amblycerengenus Actornithophilus. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 

(12), 7 : 829-841. 

1957. Studien zu einer vergleichenden Parasitologie der Charadriiformes. Part 1. Mallo- 
phaga. Parasitol. Schriftenrethe, 8 : 1-204. 

TuHompson, G. B. 1936. Mallophaga on bird’s egg. Ent. mon. Mag. 72: 94. 


PLATE 4 
Fic. 1. Actornithophilus crinitus sp. n. Holotype. (Neg. no. 28330). 
Fic. 2. Actornithophilus tetralicis sp. n. Holotype. (Neg. no. 28333). 
Fic. 3. Actornithophilus sabulosus sp. n. Holotype. (Neg. no. 27445). 
Fic. 4. Actornithophilus sedes Eichler. (Neg. no. 28325). 

Fic. 5. Actornithophilus flumineus sp.n. Holotype. (Neg. no. 28331). 
Fic. 6. Actornithophilus kilauensis (Kellogg & Chapman), 9 lectotype. 


Pa 


.) Entom. 11, 5 


N.H 


( 


Bull. B.M. 


PLATE 5 


Fic. 1. Actornithophilus lacustris sp. n. Holotype. (Neg. no. 28328). 
Fic. 2. Actornithophilus limarius sp. n. Holotype. (Neg. no. 28326). 
Fic. 3. Actornithophilus paludosus sp. n. Holotype. (Neg. no. 28327). 
Fics. 4-6. Abdominal tergites of males : 

Fig. 4. A. lacustris. 

Fic. 5. A. limarius. 

Fic. 6. A. paludosus. 


Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 11, 5 PLATE 5 


POLLAN T LAE 


PEATE. 6 


Figs. 1-3. Heads of male Actornithophilus at same magnification (B.1, in mm. in brackets). 
Fic. 1. A. uniseriatus (Piaget) (0°54). (Neg. no. 28340). 

Fic. 2. A. mexicanus Emerson (0:47). (Neg. no. 28334). 

Fic. 3. A. himantopi (Blagov) (0-49). (Neg. no. 28335). 

Fics. 4-6. Heads of male A. umbrinus sens. lat. from various hosts : 

Fic. 4. Evolia subminuta (0-39). (Neg. no. 28339). 

Fic. 5. Evolia testacea (0-46). (Neg. no. 28337). 

Fic. 6. Calidris canutus (0:54). (Neg. no. 28338). 


C ‘11 ‘moquq (HN) ‘W'd ‘1d, 


aL Td 


PLATE 7 


Fics. 1-4. Abdominal tergites of male abdomen of Actornithophilus spp. : 
Fic. 1. A. hoplopteri (Mjoberg) from Hoplopterus spinosus. 
Fic. 2. A. pauliani Séguy. 

Fic. 3. A. umbrinus (Burmeister) from Evolia testacea. 
Fic. 4. A. multisetosus Blagov. 

Fic. 5. Male head of A. avdeolae Timmermann. (Neg. no. 28336). 


. i) 


Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom., 11, 5 


PLATE 7 


a i x 
| ~ ~ 
| 


deel 


PEATE. Ss 


Fics. 1-3, Posterior tergites of male abdomen of Actornithophilus spp. : 
Fic. 1. A. limosae (Kellogg) from Limosa lapponica. 
Fic. 2. A. limosae (Kellogg) from Limosa fedoa. 
Fic. 3. A. spinulosus (Piaget). 


PLATE 8 


Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 11, 5 


PEALE, 9 


Fics. 1-5. Brush on sternite IV of Actornithophilus spp. : 
Fic. 1. A. sabulosus sp. n. 
Fic. 2. A. ochvaceus from Pluvialis apricaria. 
Fic. 3. A. pauliani Séguy. 
Fic. 4. A. hoplopteri (Mjoberg) from Hoplopterus spinosus. 
Fic. 5. A. tetralicis sp. n. 

Fic. 6. Abdominal tergites of male A. bicolor (Piaget). 


Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 11, 5 


PLALE, 10 


Fics. 1-6. Male genital sclerite of Actornithophilus spp. : 


Fia. 
Fic. 
Fic. 
Fic. 
BiG: 
Fic. 


aA 


AYA WH 


mM m&aw Aa A A 


. umbrinus (Burmeister) from Eyvolia testacea. Phase contrast. 

. pustulosus (Piaget). Phase contrast. 

. ochvaceus from, Pluvialis apricaria. (Neg. no. 28322). 

. cyinitus sp. n. Phase contrast. 

. hoploptert (Mjoberg) from Hoplopterus spinosus. Phase contrast. 
. tetralicis sp. n. Phase contrast. 


PEATE ito 


Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 11, 5 


~ 


ran ee eee. 


FIGS. I-5. 
Fic. 
Pic. 
BIG: 
Fie. 
FIG. 


I. 


ak wih 


| Ga Ol ems 


Male genital sclerite of Actornithophilus spp. 


MA AY A A A 


. totani (Schrank). (Neg. no. 28323). 
. sedes Eichler. Phase contrast. 

. bicolor (Piaget). (Neg. no. 28324). 

. limarius sp.n. (Neg. no. 28320). 

. lacustris sp. n. (Neg. no. 28321). 


PLATE 114 


Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 11, 5 


-ADLARD AND SON, LIMITED 
| BARTHOLOMEW PRESS, DORKING _ 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE 
SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE 
(HEMIPTERA : MIRIDAE) 


THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


4 BULLETIN OF 
_ THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 6 
LONDON: 1962 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE 
SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE 
(HEMIPTERA : MIRIDAE) 


BY 


THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Queens’ College, Cambridge 


Pp. 245-331 ; 215 Text-figures 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 6 
LONDON: 1962 


THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, 1s 
issued tn five series corresponding to the Depariments 
of the Museum, and an Historical Series. 

Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become 
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four 
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed 
within one calendar year. 

This paper is Vol. 11, No. 6 of the Entomological 
series. The abbreviated titles of periodicals cited follow 
those of the World list of Scientific Periodicals. 


© Trustees of the British Museum, 1962 


PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM 


Issued 20 February 1962 Price Thirty Shillings 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE 
SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE 
(HEMIPTERA : MIRIDAE) 


By THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


SEVERAL lengthy accounts of the Bryocorinae have been given, of which perhaps 
mention should be made of those by Distant (1880-93, 1904, 1910), Knight (1923), 
and Poppius (1912, I912@, 1915). Modern work really begins, however, with the 
revision of the Bryocorinae provided by China (1944). This outstanding work, 
although it was limited to the Bryocorinae of the Ethiopian Region, forms a basis 
from which revisions of single genera can profitably be reviewed—for instance, the 
many publications of Carvalho for the Neotropical Region particularly, and 
Schouteden for the Ethiopian Region only. 

The great interest in the Bryocorinae is inspired not only because of the peculiar 
outgrowths and modifications of the external cuticular structure, found nowhere else 
in the Miridae to such an extent, but also on account of the inclusion of many species 
as serious pests of tea, cacao, coffee, cotton, and a number of other economic crops. 

This work grew out of studies carried out in the British Museum (Natural History) 
during the summer of 1960, as a first step in a programme to revise the Miridae of the 
Ethiopian Region, which the author intends to pursue during the next few years. 
This is being done as a prelude to the investigation of the higher classification of the 
Miridae, and to the ecological studies of the family. 

One of the problems which has been encountered in the present study is the extreme 
difficulty in using the structure of the male genitalia either for generic or for specific 
identification. In contrast to the situation in the tribe Hallodapini (Odhiambo, 
1959@), or in such genera as Proboscidocoris (Odhiambo, 1959) and Cyrtopeltis 
(Odhiambo, 1961) where the male genitalia can easily be used to characterize 
genera or species, the male genitalia in the Bryocorinae lack any obvious or easily 
appreciated differential characteristics. Hence, the heavy reliance on such characters 
as external cuticular structures, puncturation, and pubescence. 

The material used for this study consisted of specimens in the British Museum, 
a few type-specimens sent on loan for study from European museums, material 
collected in West Africa and kindly sent to me by Dr. J. Carayon of the Paris Natural 
History Museum, a small collection from the Coryndon Memorial Museum in Kenya, 


and specimens collected by the Entomological Staff of the Kawanda Research Station 
in Uganda. 


ENTOM.II, 6, 15 


248 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


I should like to express my gratitude to the Trustees of the British Museum for 
granting me a vacation studentship for eight weeks to work in the Museum, to Dr. 
W. E. China who gave me invaluable advice and encouragement during my study, 
to Mr. R. J. Izzard who offered me laboratory facilities and arranged for types from 
European museums to be sent to me for study, and to Dr. M. S. K. Ghauri with whom 
I freely discussed many problems. Some preliminary work was done in October, 
1958, while I was re-arranging the Mirid collection in the Coryndon Museum; I 
should like to thank Mr. R. H. Carcasson, curator of insects, for the pleasant time 
I had while working in his department. 


Tribe BRYOCORINI 
Genera PRODROMUS and SINERVUS 


In 1904 Distant described from Ceylon and Burma three new species (subflavus, 
clypeatus, subviridis) contained in Prodromus, a new genus he erected to receive them 
(Distant, 1904a: 436-437). In 1909 he described a fourth species, P. cuneatus, from 
Burma, which he re-described in rgr1o (Distant, 1910). Poppius (1911) considered 
this last species to be so different from the other three as to warrant a distinct new 
genus—Prodromopsis. He further described four new species in Prodromopsis from 
the Pacific region (Poppius, I1912a, 1913, 19144, 1915). But Carvalho (1948 : 191), 
in two brief paragraphs, decided that Prodromopsis Poppius, 1911, and Sinervus 
Stal, 1860, were synonymous, indicating that the male genitalia were similar (although 
no illustrations were given) ; and he therefore sank the genus Prodvomopsis. 

Poppius enumerated the following differences to distinguish Prodromopsis from 
Prodromus : (I) a vertical head, (2) a more swollen anteclypeus, (3) longer genae, (4) 
the structure of the antennae (the last segment of which is very long and thin), (5) 
the longer and narrower cuneus, as well as (6) shorter hairs on the body and legs. 
However, recent study by the author has revealed that the above characters are not 
valid at all, except perhaps the nature of the cuneus. Gradations are found in all 
these characters in both Prodromus and Prodromopsis ; and, even in the case of the 
cuneus, cuneatus has a long and narrow cuneus (Text-fig. 8), swbflavus has a more or 
less triangular and broad cuneus (Text-fig. 2), and subviridis and clypeatus are inter- 
mediate between the two extremes (Text-figs. 6 and 7). 

Consequently, the present writer has decided to transfer cuneatus back to Prodromus 
sp. rev. One other species at least, philippinensis, placed by Poppius in Prodrom- 
opsis, appears to belong to Prodromus ; but this and the other three species of Poppius 
will be left in Sinervus (=Prodromopsis) until the types have been examined. The 
only species which definitely belong to Simervus are: barensprungi Stal, costalimat 
Carvalho, discopiceus Carvalho, and hyalipedes Carvalho—all Neotropical in distribu- 
tion. The paratypes and male genitalia of costalimai and hyalipedes have been 
examined in the present study (Text-figs. 12a—-18) ; and illustrations of external 
structure and male genitalia (including the original descriptions) of all four species 
undoubtedly show that the four species form a good and distinct genus. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE 


VA NA 
NALA 
VON 


249 


Hy 6 
Ky 10 
Fics. 1-12. Cuneus and curvature of membranal vein. 1, Prodromus kawandanus 
sp. n.; 2, P. subflavus Distant; 3, P. thaliae China; 4, P. melanonotus Carvalho ; 
5, P. flavonotus sp. n.; 6, P. subviridis Distant ; 7, P. clypeatus Distant ; 8, P. cuneatus 


Distant ; 9, P. cochinensis sp. n.; 10, P. pedunculus sp. n.; 11, Sinervus costalimai 
Carvalho ; 12, S. hyalipedes Carvalho. 


250 


THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Apart from the structure of the male genitalia, Prodromus and Sinervus may be 


separated as follows : 


Prodromus 


. Head: transverse, less than twice as wide 
as long; as wide as posterior margin of 
anterior lobe of pronotum, or a little 
wider 


. Frons: swollen (in a blunt way) 

. Antennal sclerites: minute; about one- 

quarter or so as long as antennal segment I 

is thick 

. Pronotum : not forming a distinct “‘ neck “’ 
or ‘‘ waist ’’, without a transverse row of 
punctures between anterior and posterior 
lobes 

Calli separated from each other medially by 
a depression 

Anterior margin of anterior lobe much nar- 
rower than posterior margin of the same 

. Pronotal collar: anterior margin curved 

(i.e. concave) 

. Anterior acetabula: invisible from above 


7. Hemelytra: with dense sub-erect hairs ; 


densely minutely punctured, somewhat 
shiny and translucent or opaque 


Sinervus 


Very wide, 2} times as wide as long ; nearly 
twice as wide as posterior margin of 
anterior lobe of pronotum, and about as 
wide as middle of posterior lobe of pro- 
notum. 

Concave in front (as seen from above). 

Prominent ; as long as antennal segment I 
is thick. 


Anterior lobe very narrow, separated from 
posterior lobe by a transverse row of 
punctures. 


Calli confluent. 


Anterior margin of anterior lobe only 
slightly narrower than posterior margin. 
Straight. 


Very distinct. 

Sub-glabrous, with very sparse hairs; 
smooth (i.e. unpunctured), very shiny 
and transparent. 


PRODROMUS Distant 


1904a. Pyrodromus Distant, Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynchota, 2: 436. 
1912. Pvrodvomus Distant; Poppius, Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 41 (3) : 196. 


RE-DESCRIPTION. General shape elongate, more or less distinctly widened at the 
sides ; body shortly hairy, the hairs being shiny white. Head smooth, shiny, with 
erect or sub-erect hairs ; vertical, transverse, about 1} times as wide as long, and at 
least as wide as posterior margin of anterior pronotal lobe; posteriorly narrowed 
to a short neck. Vertex depressed, medially with a very fine longitudinal sulcus. 
Frons bluntly swollen from above. Anteclypeus more or less strongly inflated ; 
separated from frons by a transverse impression. Eyes sub-stylate, strongly promi- 
nent, from above kidney-shaped, from the side with lower margin curved or sinuate ; 
occupying only one-third of height of head. Rostrum usually extending beyond fore 
coxae. Antennae thin, very densely hairy ; segment I with at least basal one-quarter 
narrowed, segments III and IV very thin, segment IV the longest, segments II to 
IV linear. Pronotum coarsely and very densely (almost reticulately) punctate, 
punctures on calli and collar sometimes less distinct ; posterior margin broadly 
emarginate, anterior margin concavely curved away from head; posterior lobe 
convex and tumid, anterior lobe flattened. Calli distinct, large, reaching lateral mar- 
gin of pronotum, feebly elevated, separated from each other by a median depression. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE 251 


Collar thick, much thicker than antennal segment I; feebly swollen. Scutellum 
more or less equilateral, flattened, smooth, shiny, with some sub-erect hairs. Hem- 
elytra translucent or opaque, more or less distinctly widened laterally, densely 
regularly covered with sub-erect hairs and irregularly so with fine punctures ; 
embolium equally wide throughout, delimited by a row of almost confluent punctures; 


Fics. 12a-18. Male genitalia; 12a-14 of Sinervus costalimai Carvalho, 15-18 of 
S. hyalipedes Carvalho. 12a and 15, left paramere ; 13, 16 and 17, right paramere ; 
14 and 18, aedeagus. 


252 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


cuneus long, sub-triangular, or narrow and with the inner margin curved ; membranal 
vein with minute hairs, vein terminating very near apex of cuneus. Legs moderately 
long, very densely shortly hairy, hairs along posterior aspect of femora long. Type- 
species : Prodromus subflavus Distant. 

This genus is distributed through the Ethiopian Region (West and East Africa, 
and the Congo), Ceylon, and Lower Burma. Material in the British Museum (Nat. 
Hist.), and that collected by the author in Uganda, has revealed four new species, 
and extended the distribution to include Malaya and Dutch New Guinea. 

The key provided below for the separation of Prodromus species does not include 
P. alboviridescens (Motschulsky), 1863, whose identity is in considerable doubt. 
Bergroth (1917, Rev. Russe d’Ent. 17: 108) transferred this species from Lepto- 
merocoris to Prodromus, and also noted that the type was lost. Distant (1904 : 487) 
reproduced the original description without comment, except that he was unable 
to recognize the species. From such passages as “ tibiae nude” and “ pronotum 

anteriorly glabrous ”’ it appears that the description was based on a damaged 
specimen. At any rate the description is quite unsatisfactory for the recognition of 
the nominal species. 


Key To SPECIES oF Pvrodromus 


1. Eyes pedunculate, eye peduncle nearly as long as an eye is wide ; antennal segment 
I about twice as long as median length of head, basal half slender; pronotum 
across humeral angles three times as wide as across pronotal collar; apex of 
cuneus falling short of apex of membrane by only one-fifth length of head. Rostrum 
extends to precoxae. (Dutch New Guinea) . ‘ . P. pedunculus sp. n. 
-. Eyes at most sub-stylate, eye peduncle at most two- thirds as long as an eye is wide ; 
antennal segment I at most 14 times as long as median length of head, less than 
basal half slender ; pronotum across humeral angles less than three times as wide 
as across pronotal collar ; apex of cuneus falling short of that of membrane by at 


least one-third length of head : ; : ° : ‘ j : 2 
2. Pronotum and/or scutellum largely brown or fuscous ; venter at least with fuscous 

markings, if pale entirely then antennal segment I longer than head . ‘ ; 3 
-. Dorsum pale in colour ; venter pale, at most with apex of abdomen fuscous . rad 6 


3. Venter pale, stramineous; on dorsum only scutellum dark, fuscous; antennal 
segment II pale, with apical one-quarter reddish; antennal segment III three 
times as long as segment I. Cuneus with inner margin curved. Rostrum 
reaching middle of mesocoxae. (Lower Burma, Malaya) . P.clypeatus Distant 
-. Venter with fuscous markings on thorax at least ; pronotum, scutellum, and heme- 
lytra with extensive dark markings; antennal segment II fuscous; antennal 
segment III at most 24 times as long as segment I . : : 
4. Head orange, anteclypeus darker ; antennal segment I pale in colour. '(Senegal) 
P. nimbus Delattre 
~. Head brown or black, anteclypeus sometimes flavescent ; antennal segment I with 
with extensive brownish markings. Rostrum extends to apices of fore coxae . 5 
5. Antennae inserted near middle of eyes; antennal segment I about 1} times as long 
as head, basal two-fifths slender ; antennal segments II and III equal in length ; 
inner margin of cuneus straight, membranal vein forming a right angle at apex ; 
inner margin of cuneus broadly fuscous and membranal vein fuscous. (Ghana, 
Cameroons, Congo) 2 : : : ; é . P. melanonotus Carvalho 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE — 253 


-. Antennae inserted at lower margin of eyes; antennal segment I 1} times as long as 
head, only basal one-third slender ; antennal segment III distinctly longer than 
segment II; inner margin of cuneus a little curved, membranal vein broadly 
rounded ; cuneus and membranal vein pale throughout. (Ghana) 
P. flavonotus sp. n. 
6. Antennae fuscous, segment I pale at base and sometimes tinted with orange at 
apex, segment II sometimes pale brown at base; rostrum not reaching meso- 
coxae . 7 
-. Antennae with reddish markings, at least on n segments I and ath segments I and I 
largely in colour ; rostrum reaches bases of mesocoxae, or, if not, then antennal 


segments I and Il red . : 3 . 8 
7. Antennal segment II slightly less than 1} times as long as $ segment I; antennal 
segment I suffused with red at apex; head brown. (Senegal) . P. joveri Delattre 


-. Antennal segment II slightly more than twice as long as segment I; antennal 
segment I infuscate apically ; head greenish-white. Hemelytra almost linear at 


the sides. (Ghana) ; ; . P. thaliae China 
8. Antennal segment II about as long a as pronotum ; segment III much shorter than 

segment II. (Kenya) . : : ; P. aethiopicus Poppius 
-. Antennal segment II much longer than pronotum ; ee III at least about as 

long as segment II j ; 9 


g. Cuneus triangular in shape, only twice as long as broad, inner margin linear, apex 
falls short of membranal apex by a distance equal to length of head ; membranal 
cell broadly rounded at apex or almost ee Antennal oe I about 
as long as head . : 10 
~. Cuneus long and narrow, at least three times as long as broad, inner margin curved, 
apex falls short of membranal apex by a distance equal to at most two-thirds 
length of head ; membranal vein slightly curved at apex . ‘ II 
10. Lower margin of antennal sclerites below lower margin of eyes, the former narrowly 
separated from eyes ; antennal segment I and II reddish, base of segment I pale in 
colour ; dorsum bright green, claval commissures brownish. (Uganda) 
P. kawandanus sp. n. 
—. Lower margin of antennal sclerites above lower margin of eyes, antennae separated 
from eyes by a distance equal to thickness of basal portion of segment I ; antennal 
segment I stramineous, segment III with base and apex red ; dorsum ochraceous, 


corium and cuneus stramineous. (Ceylon) . F . P. subflavus Distant 
11. Antennal segment II twice as long as segment I, the latter longer than head ; segment 
II with only apical one-quarter reddish . ; 12 


—. Antennal segment II distinctly more than twice as long as segment ce the latter about 
as long as head ; segment II with base and apex broadly reddish-brown. (Ceylon) 
P. cuneatus Distant 
12. Antennal segment III much longer than segment II; head and thorax dorsally 
largely ochraceous ; pronotum 1} times as broad as long. (Cochin China) 
P. cochinensis sp. n. 


—. Antennal segment III about as long as segment II ; head and thorax dorsally stra- 
mineous ; pronotum 1} times (or less) as broad as long. (Lower Burma) 


P. subviridis Distant 
Prodromus subflavus Distant 
(Text-figs. 2, 19-21) 
1904a. Prodromus subflavus Distant, Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynchota, 2: 437, 2 figs. 


MALE. Structure. Head transverse, with eyes nearly twice as wide as long in the 
middle (38 : 22) ; vertex twice as wide as an eye (21: 10) ; as seen from in front, 


254 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


eyes projecting from vertex by nearly half length of eye ; eye peduncle! about half 
as long as width of eye (6: 10). Rostrum extending to bases of mesocoxae. Antennae 
inserted towards lower margin of eyes, and separated from inner margin of the latter 
by a distance equal to basal thickness of antennal segment I; relative lengths of 
segments, 25 : 53:54:95; segment I thickened, basal one-third slender. Pronotum 
across humeral angles 1? times as wide as it is long in the middle (74 : 43), and about 
2% times as wide as anterior collar (74 : 28). Cuneus triangular, about twice as long 
as basal width (40 : 19) ; inner margin almost straight (Text-fig. 2) ; apex falls short 


Fics. 19-21. Male genitalia of Prodromus subflavus Distant. 
19, left paramere ; 20, right paramere ; 21, aedeagus. 


of membranal apex by a length equal to length of head. Membranal vein broadly 
rounded at apex (Text-fig. 2). Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 19-21. Length of 
body 5:2 mm., width across humeral angles 1-33 mm. 

Colour. Head, pronotum, scutellum, clavus, and venter ochraceous. Antennae, 
corium, cuneus, and legs stramineous ; a band at base and apex of antennal segment 
II, another at apex of segment III, a broad band near middle and another near apex 
of segment IV, red ; membrane pale hyaline ; apices of tarsi brownish. Pubescence 
shiny white. 

FEMALE. Unknown. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. CEYLON: Peradeniya, I g, xii.1901. Holotype, in the 
British Museum (Natural History)?. 

The colour of the antennae as described here differs from that given in the original 
description. 


1 As measured from vertex to dorsal middle of internal margin of eye. 
? Henceforth referred to by the initials ‘‘ B.M.” 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE_ 255 
Prodromus cuneatus Distant 
(Text-figs. 8, 22-24) 


1909. Pyrvodromus cuneatus Distant, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 4: 453. 

1910. Prodromus cuneatus Distant; Distant, Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynchota, 5: 246, 1 fig. (re- 
description). 

1911. Pvrodvomopsis cuneatus (Distant) Poppius, Ofvers. finska VetenskSoc. Férh. 53A (2): 4 
(type of Prodromopsis). 

1948. Sinervus cuneatus (Distant) Carvalho, Rev. bras. Biol. 8 (2) : 191. 


MALE. Structure. Head transverse, together with eyes twice as wide as long in 
the middle (50 : 24) ; vertex more than twice as wide as an eye (31: 13); as seen 
from in front, eyes projecting from vertex by one-quarter length of eye ; eye peduncle 
about half as long as width of eye (6 : 13). Rostrum extending to bases of mesocoxae. 


24 
Fics. 22-24. Male genitalia of Prodromus cuneatus Distant. 
22, left paramere ; 23, right paramere ; 24, aedeagus. 


Antennae inserted towards lower margin of eyes, and narrowly separated from inner 
margin of the latter by a distance less than basal thickness of antennal segment I ; 
relative lengths of segments, 25 : 65 : 87: 91; basal one-third of segment I slender. 
Pronotum across humeral angles slightly more than 14 times as wide as long in the 
middle (68: 44), and about 24 times as wide as across pronotal collar (68 : 28). 
Cuneus long and narrow, about four times as long as wide at base (63: 15); inner 
margin curved and somewhat parallel to outer margin (Text-fig. 8); apex falls 
short of membranal apex by a length equal to about one-third length of head. 
Membranal vein linear, then slightly curved towards apex (Text-fig. 8). Genitalia 
illustrated in Text-figs. 22-24 ; width across pronotal humeral angles 1-22 mm. 

Colour. Head, pronotum, scutellum, and venter pale ochraceous. Antennal 
segments I and II pale ochraceous, basal one-third to nearly half of segment IT 
and apical one-quarter of the same reddish-brown, extreme base pale ; segments III 
and IV brownish, with obscure reddish tinge. Hemelytra and legs stramineous, 
membrane pale hyaline, apices of tibiae pale ochraceous, apices of tarsi fuscous. 
Pubescence shiny white. 


256 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


FEMALE. Unknown. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. CEYLON: Peradeniya, 1 specimen with abdomen missing, 
v.1909 (Holotype). x 3, same data. Both in B.M. 

The structure of the antennae differs somewhat from that given in the original 
description. But this species can easily be distinguished by its elongated cuneus 
(approaching the condition found in Sinervus and a number of other Bryocorine 
genera), the almost wholly linear membranal vein, the broad pronotum, the relatively 
long antennal segment III, and by the colour of the antennae. 


Prodromus clypeatus Distant 
(Text-figs. 7, 25-28) 
1904a. Pyrodromus clypeatus Distant, Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynchota, 2 : 437. 


The male is described for the first time. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head strongly transverse, together with eyes more than 
twice as wide as long in the middle (51 : 22), very densely covered with erect hairs ; 
vertex more than twice as wide as an eye (31: 13); as seen from in front, eyes 
projecting from vertex by slightly less than one-third length of eye ; eye peduncle 
more than half as long as width of eye (9 : 13). Rostrum reaches middle of mesocoxae. 
Antennae inserted very near lower margin of eyes, and separated from inner margin 
of the latter by a distance equal to half thickness of basal portion of segment I ; 
relative lengths of segments, 30 : 67 : 90 : 120 ; basal one-third of segment I slender. 
Pronotum across humeral angles more than 14 times as wide as long in the middle 
(77 : 47), and 23 times as wide as across pronotal collar (77 : 30). Cuneus long and 
narrow, a little less than four times as long as wide at base (56:15); inner margin 
curved, somewhat as in P. cuneatus (Text-fig. 7); apex of cuneus falls short of 
membranal apex by a distance about equal to two-thirds length of head. Membranal 
vein linear, gently curved towards apex (Text-fig. 7). Length of body 5:5 mm., 
width across humeral angles 1°54 mm. 

Colour. General colour stramineous. Head and inner margin of clavus ochraceous. 
Antennal segment I pale ochraceous, basal slender portion stramineous ; segment II 
very pale ochraceous, apical one-quarter (or more) reddish ; segments III and IV 
smoky brown with reddish suffusion, segment III broadly pale at base. Scutellum 
fuscous ; base narrowly, and mesoscutum entirely, pale ochraceous. Membrane 
pale hyaline, vein pale ochraceous. Pubescence shiny white. 

MALE. Structure. Head a little more than twice as wide as long (45 : 20) ; vertex 
twice as wide as an eye (27: 12) ; eye peduncle two-thirds as long as an eye is wide 
(8:12). Lower margin of antennal sclerites almost on the same level as lower 
margin of eyes; relative lengths of antennal segments, 25 : 62: 88:90. Pronotum 
across humeral angles 1? times as wide as long in the middle (73 : 40), and 24 times 
as wide as across pronotal collar (73: 28). Cuneus three times as long as wide 
(58:18); apex falls short of membranal apex by half length of head. Genitalia 
illustrated in Text-figs. 25-28. Length of body 5-3 mm., width across humeral angles 
I°3 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the female. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE = 257 


Colour. As in the female, except much paler. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. LOWER BuRMA: Tenasserim Valley, Myitta, 2 2 (including 
Holotype) (Doherty). Mataya: Jelebu, 5 3,5 2 on Musa sapientum (young leaves), 
g.xii.1934. Allin B.M. 

The corium is quite distinctly and densely pubescent, as in other species of the genus 
although in the original description Distant said, ““ ... corium finely and obscurely 


a 


pilose.”’ 


Fics 25-28. Male genitalia of Prodromus clypeatus Distant. 25, pygophore from 
above: hook-like structures holding and guiding right paramere ; 26, left paramere ; 
27, right paramere ; 28, aedeagus. 


The most remarkable feature of this species is the development of two hook-like 
structures on the dorsal aspect of the last abdominal segment which are presumably 
used to hold and guide the right paramere into position (Text-fig. 25). In other 
respects, P. clypeatus is very similar to P. cuneatus, from which it may be separated 
by the dense hairiness of the head, the extremely long antennal segment IV, the 
colour of the antennae, the relative lengths of cuneus and membrane, and the 
dark scutellum. 


Prodromus subviridis Distant 
(Text-figs. 6, 29-31) 
19044. Prodromus subviridis Distant, Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynchota, 2 : 437. 


Mate. Structure. Head transverse, together with eyes twice as wide as long in the 
middle (37:18), very densely covered with relatively long erect hairs; vertex 
about twice as wide as an eye (22: 10) ; as seen from in front, eyes projecting from 


258 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


vertex by one-quarter length of eye; eye peduncle about half as long as width of 
an eye (6: 10). Antennae inserted towards lower margin of eyes, and separated from 
inner margin of eyes by a distance equal to about half thickness of basal portion of 
segment I; relative lengths of segments, 24: 46:48:90; basal one-quarter of 
segment I slender. Pronotum across humeral angles 14 times as wide as long in the 
middle (48 : 36), and about twice as broad as across pronotal collar (48 : 23), densely 
covered with relatively long erect hairs. Cuneus elongated, three times as long as 
wide at base (49:16); inner margin curved (Text-fig. 6); apex of cuneus falls 
short of membranal apex by two-thirds length of head. Membranal vein linear, but 
gently curved towards apex (Text-fig. 6). Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 29-31. 
Length of body 3-9 mm., width across humeral angles 0-86 mm. 


Fics. 29-31. Male genitalia of Prodromus subviridis Distant. 
29, left paramere ; 30, right paramere; 31, aedeagus. 


Colour. General colour stramineous, with obscure greenish tinge (in original 
description: ‘‘ very pale greyish-green’”’). Apical one-quarter of antennal segment 
II reddish ; segments III and IV brownish, with reddish tinge. Membrane pale 
hyaline ; vein stramineous, with greenish tinge. Abdominal venter sometimes pale 
ochraceous. Apices of tarsi brownish. Pubescence shiny white. 

FEMALE. Structure. Relative dimensions of width of pronotum across humeral 
angles, median length of pronotum, and width across anterior collar, 48 : 41: 22. 
Length of body 4:1 mm., width across humeral angles 0-88 mm. Otherwise, 
structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. LOWER BuRMA: Tenasserim, Myitta, 1 ¢ (Holotype), 
I g, 1 9 (Doherty). All in B.M. 

The cuneus is similar in structure in P. subviridis, P. cuneatus, and P. clypeatus, 
although it is distinctly shorter in P. subviridis. The latter species may also be 
distinguished by its relatively short antennal segment II1I—which recalls the condition 
found in P. subflavus. The male genitalia of P. subviridis is, however, similar to 
that of P. cuneatus ; and the eyes project from the vertex as shortly as in this species. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE- 259 


Other salient features of P. subviridis are: the somewhat narrow vertex ; the rela- 
tively long, erect, and very dense pubescence on the head and pronotum ; and the 
elongated pronotum. 


Prodromus melanonotus Carvalho 
(Text-fig. 4) 
1951. Pyvodromus melanonotus Carvalho, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 45 (1-2) : 109, figs. 


MALE. Structure. Head transverse, together with eyes nearly twice as wide as 
long in the middle (42 : 22) ; vertex twice as wide as an eye (25: 12) ; frons swollen 
greatly ; as seen from in front, eyes projecting from vertex by one-quarter length of 
eye, as seen from above, eyes appearing hardly with a notch in the middle, produced 
posteriorly to about level of anterior margin of pronotum ; eye peduncle about half 
as long as eye width (5: 12); eyes large, from the side appearing to occupy about 
half height of head. Rostrum extends to apices of precoxae. Antennae inserted 
near middle of eyes, and almost contiguous with inner margin of the latter ; relative 
lengths of segments, 35 : 54: 54:100; basal width of segment I slender. Pronotum 
across humeral angles 1} times as wide as long in the middle (56: 45), and about 
twice as wide as across pronotal collar (56:27). Hemelytra almost linear at the 
sides. Cuneus triangular, three times as long as basal width (45 : 15) ; inner margin 
straight, slightly curved towards apex (Text-fig. 4) ; apex of cuneus falls short of 
membranal apex by more than two-thirds length of head. Membranal vein forming 
a right-angle at apex (Text-fig. 4). Length of body 4-1 mm., width across humeral 
angles I-o mm. 

Colour. Head black, anteclypeus largely flavous. Antennal segment I brownish 
to fuscous, base flavous ; the rest of antennae fuscous to black. Pronotum fuscous 
to black, calli darker, collar whitish. Scutellum black. Hemelytra stramineous ; 
clavus black, except a stramineous streak on basal one-quarter of claval suture ; 
inner margin of corium (except at base), apical margin of corium, continuing on to 
inner margin of cuneus, also membranal vein (except next to cuneus), fuscous ; 
lateral margin of corium and cuneus brown. Venter largely dark brown to fuscous, 
basisternum somewhat paler. Legs stramineous ; small spots on coxae, apices of 
posterior aspect of middle femora broadly, posterior aspect of hind femora largely, 
basal half of fore and middle tibiae, hind tibiae except at base and apex, and tarsi 
apically, brownish. Pubescence pale and shiny. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head twice as wide as long (40: 20) ; vertex twice as wide 
as an eye (23: 11). Cuneus about 24 times as long as wide at base (45 : 19) ; apex of 
cuneus falls short of membranal apex by three-quarters length of head. Length of 
body 4-0 mm., width across humeral angles 0-97 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the 
male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. GHANA (Gold Coast) : 9m. N. of Cape Coast, 1 3, 9.ix.1943 
(H. E. Box) (Holotype). British CAMEROONS: Mungo River, nr. Tiko, 1 9, 14.1.1944 
(H. E. Box) (Allotype). Both in B.M. 


260 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


P. melanonotus is characterized by the structure of the eyes, the short rostrum, 
the insertion of the antennae, the relatively long pronotum, the more or less parallel- 
sided hemelytra, the rectangular membranal vein, and by the dark coloration. This 
species approaches P. nimbus in colour ; but the colour of the head in the latter is 
orange, and its anteclypeus is dark. 


Prodromus kawandanus sp. n. 
(Text-figs. I, 32-34) 


MALE. Structure. Head transverse, together with eyes nearly twice as wide as 
long in the middle (41 : 22) ; vertex more than twice as wide as an eye ; as seen from 
in front, eyes projecting above vertex by one-third length of eye; eye peduncle 


34 


Fics. 32-34. Male genitalia of Prodromus kawandanus sp. n. 
32, left paramere ; 33, right paramere; 34, aedeagus. 


about half as long as eye width (6: 11). Rostrum nearly reaching middle of meso- 
basisternum, and only a little short of bases of mesocoxae. Antennae inserted at 
lower margin of eyes, lower margin of antennal sclerites ventral to lower margin of 
eyes, antennae separated from eyes by a distance equal to half thickness of basal 
portion of segment I; relative lengths of segments, 25 : 51: 49: 73; slightly more 
than one-quarter of segment I slender. Pronotum across humeral angles about 1} 
times as wide as long in the middle (60 : 39), and more than twice as broad as across 
pronotal collar (60 : 27). Cuneus triangular, a little more than twice as long as broad 
at base (52:24); inner margin almost straight (Text-fig. 1) ; apex of cuneus falling 
short of membranal apex by a distance equal to length of head. Membranal vein 
nearly forming a right angle at apex (Text-fig. 1). Genitalia as shown in Text-figs. 
32-34. Length of body 4-7 mm., width across humeral angles 1-08 mm. 

Colour. General colour bright green, somewhat fading to greenish-yellow in old 
specimens. Antennal segments I and II reddish, base of segment I yellowish-green, 
middle of segment II sometimes dusky ; segments III and IV fuscous, with a 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE 261 


reddish tinge. Claval commissures narrowly brownish. Membranal vein green. 
Apices of tibiae and tarsi pale ochraceous. Pubescence shiny white. 

FEMALE. Unknown. 

Holotype 3. UGANDA: Kawanda, at mercury-vapour light, 4.vi.1959. Para- 
types. Same locality as above, all at mercury-vapour light: 2 J, iv.1958; 3 4, 
vi.1958 ; 2 dg, vii.1958; I g, 28.ix.1958; I 4g, 22.x.1958; 3 3, V-1959; 3 6, 
vi. 1959. 

Holotype and four paratypes in B.M. The rest returned to Kawanda Research 
Station, Uganda. 

P. kawandanus is at once distinguished from P. aethiopicus by its red antennal 
segments I and II, and by the subequal segments II and III. In P. aethiopicus only 
the apex of antennal segment II is red, and segment III is distinctly shorter than 
segment II. 


Prodromus flavonotus sp. n. 


(Text-figs. 5, 35-38) 


MALE. Structure. Head transverse, together with eyes slightly more than twice 
as wide as long in the middle (40 : 18) ; vertex slightly more than twice as wide as an 
eye (25: 11); from in front, eyes projecting above vertex by about one-third length 


Fics. 35-38. Male genitalia of Prodromus flavonotus sp.n. 35, left paramere ; 36, apex of the 
same in external view ; 37, right paramere ; 38, aedeagus. 


of eye ; eye peduncle more than half as long as eye width (7 : 11). Rostrum extends 
to apices of fore coxae. Antennae inserted at lower margin of eyes, lower margin of 
antennal sclerites on the same level as lower margin of eyes, antennae separated from 
eyes by a distance less than half thickness of basal portion of segment I; relative 
lengths of segments, 24: 50:64:104; basal one-third of segment I slender. Pro- 
notum across humeral angles nearly as wide as it is long (50 : 48), and twice as broad 
as across pronotal collar (50: 24) ; collar as strongly punctured as posterior lobe of 
pronotal disc. Scutellum very finely transversely rugose. Cuneus about three times 
as long as basal width (43: 15) ; inner margin somewhat curved (Text-fig. 5) ; apex 


of cuneus falls short of apex of membrane by a distance equal to two-thirds length of 
ENTOM, II, 6. 10 


262 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


head. Membranal vein broadly rounded towards apex. Genitalia illustrated in 
Text-figs. 35-38. Length of body 3-9 mm., width across humeral angles I-00 mm. 

Colour. Head brown, sides and front yellowish-brown. Antennal segment I 
stramineous, apical one-third brown, extreme apex pale ; the rest of antennae dark 
brown to fuscous, extreme apex of segment II reddish, segments III and IV with some 
reddish suffusion. Pronotum fuscous; a spot in the middle of the disc (including 
inner halves of calli) stramineous. Scutellum fuscous. Hemelytra pale greenish- 
yellow ; claval inner margin and claval commissures fuscous; membranal vein 
greenish. Venter and legs stramineous ; pro- and meso-epimera fuscous ; apices of 
tarsi brownish. Pubescence pale, shiny. 

FEMALE. Unknown. 

Holotype §. GHANA: Nkawkaw, 5.vi.1943 (H. E. Box). In B.M. 

Like P. melanonotus, this species has a very short rostrum, and the thorax is also 
dark in colour. But in P. flavonotus there is a pale spot in the middle of the pronotum, 
and the collar is uniformly dark. Moreover, the eye in the new species is not so 
peculiar in structure as in P. melanonotus, the structure of the antennae is different, 
the pronotum is longer, and the hemelytra are not extensively marked with dark 
areas. 


Prodromus cochinensis sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 9) 


FEMALE. Structure. Head transverse, together with eyes about twice as wide as 
long in the middle (45 : 23), very densely covered with erect hairs ; vertex 2} times 
as wide as an eye (30: 12) ; as seen from in front, eyes projecting above vertex by 
nearly one-third length of eye; eye peduncle two-thirds as long as width of eye 
(8: 92). Rostrum reaches bases of mesocoxae. Antennae inserted towards lower 
margin of eyes, separated from inner margin by a distance equal to half thickness of 
basal portion of antennal segment I ; relative lengths of segments, 28 : 57 : 69 : 72 ; 
basal one-quarter of segment I slender. Pronotum across humeral angles 1} times 
as wide as median length (64 : 42), and a little more than twice as broad as across 
anterior collar (64 : 29). Cuneus elongated, a little more than three times as long as 
wide at base (50 : 15) ; inner margin curved (Text-fig. 9) ; apex of cuneus falls short 
of apex of membrane by a distance equal to half length of head. Membranal vein 
gently curved towards apex (Text-fig. 9). Length of body 4-7 mm., width across 
humeral angles I-15 mm. 

Colour. Head, anterior lobe of pronotum, and scutellum very pale ochraceous. 
Antennal segments I and II very pale ochraceous, apical one-quarter of segment II 
reddish ; segments II and IV brownish. Posterior lobe of pronotum, and hemelytra, 
stramineous ; clavus, inner and apical margins of corium, and membranal vein with 
a pale greenish tinge. Venter and legs stramineous ; venter with pale ochraceous 
suffusion ; apices of tarsi brownish. Pubescence shiny white. 

MALE. Unknown. 

Holotype 9. CocHIN STATE, on plantain leaves, 8.xi.1936 (Venkatasubban). 
In B.M. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE — 263 


The specimen was identified as P. subflavus in the British Museum collection. 
However, there is no doubt that it represents a new species (herein described as 
P. cochinensis) very close to P. clypeatus, from which it may be distinguished by the 
pale scutellum, and by the different proportional lengths of antennal segments. 


Prodromus pedunculus sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 10, 39-42) 


MALE. Structure. Head very long, from above appears transverse, together with 
eyes less than twice as broad as median length (46 : 26) ; vertex twice as wide as an 


Fics. 39-42. Male genitalia of Prodromus pedunculus sp.n. 39, left paramere; 40, the same: 
outer aspect of apex ; 41, right paramere; 42, aedeagus. 


eye (26:13); anteclypeus distinctly swollen ; eyes very strongly projecting above 
vertex, as seen from in front projecting above vertex by half length of eye, from the 
side appears elongated ventrally ; eye peduncle nearly as long as width of eye 
(11: 13). Rostrum extends to apices of precoxae. Antennae inserted towards lower 
margin of eyes, almost contiguous with eyes ; relative lengths of segments, 50 : 94: 
107 : (IV missing) ; nearly basal half of segment I slender. Pronotum across humeral 
angles 1} times as broad as long in the middle (68 : 54), and three times as wide as 
across pronotal collar (68 : 23). Cuneus long and narrow, 34 times as long as wide at 
base (68 : 20) ; inner margin strongly curved (Text-fig. 10) ; apex of cuneus nearly 
reaching apex of membrane, falling short by a distance equal to only one-fifth length 
of head. Membranal vein weakly curved towards apex (Text-fig. 10). Legs long and 
slender. Dorsum scantily pubescent. Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 39-42. 
Length of body 5-7 mm., width across humeral angles 1-22 mm. 


264 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Colour. Head and pronotum orange, anteclypeus sometimes reddish. Antennae 
brown or dark brown, slender portion of segment I stramineous. Scutellum stramin- 
eous. Hemelytra stramineous, inner margin and commissures of clavus sometimes 
orange. Venter stramineous, thorax with ochraceous markings, abdomen fuscous 
apically. Coxae stramineous to ochraceous ; femora orange, with brownish markings 
towards apex ; tibiae pale ochraceous or greyish-brown ; tarsi stramineous, fuscous 
apically. Pubescence shiny white. 

FEMALE. Unknown. 

Holotype §. DutcH NEw GuINnEA: Cyclops Mts., Sabron, 930 ft., vi. 1936 (L. E. 
Cheesman). Paratype 3. Humboldt Bay Dist., Bewan Mts., 400 metres, vii.1937. 
Both in B.M. 

The long eye peduncle and the elongated cuneus (which terminates near the apex 
of the hemelytral membrane) displayed in P. pedunculus apparently bridge the gap 
between Prodromus and Sinervus ; but other characters—including the male geni- 
talia—point to its being a good Prodromus species. Other salient features of P. 
pedunculus are: the long head ; the swollen anteclypeus ; the very long antennae ; 
the long, slender, basal portion of antennal segment I; the narrow pronotum ; and 
the long, slender legs. 


DUDUCORIS gen. n. 


Small; general shape elongate, at least slightly widened at the sides, somewhat 
flattened dorsoventrally. Body covered with short, shiny white hairs. Head smooth, 
shiny ; from above appears distinctly transverse, wider than pronotal collar ; from 
the side appears vertical and inclined backwards, much shorter than high ; vertex 
non-sulcate ; frons swollen, blunt ; anteclypeus distinctly swollen, delimited from 
frons by a deep depression and a transverse sulcus, anterior margin of anteclypeus 
sinuate when viewed from the side. Eyes sub-stylate, eye peduncle separated fron 
dorsum of head by a slightly oblique longitudinal depression ; eyes occupy less than 
half height of head ; from the side and above they appear elongate, from above they 
appear kidney-shaped, ventral margin also slightly notched near the middle (Text- 
fig. 58). Antennae densely covered with short, semi-erect, shiny white hairs ; segment 
I thickened but slender at base, the other segments linear in thickness, segment II 
about as thick as segment I at base, segments III and IV thinner. Pronotum densely 
(almost reticulately) punctate, the punctures somewhat shallow, disc shiny ; posterior 
lobe hardly convex or declivous ; calli flattened, hardly separated from each other 
by a median depression, obscurely punctate ; collar thick, about as thick as antennal 
segment I; posterior margin of disc deeply emarginate, exposing mesoscutum, 
anterior margin of collar inwardly curved. Scutellum flattened, a little broader than 
long, smooth, with sparse hairs. Hemelytra semi-opaque, densely hairy, with very 
dense irregularly arranged fine punctures ; sides at least a little widened at the sides ; 
embolium equally wide throughout ; cuneus triangular ; membranal vein broadly 
rounded at apex or nearly quadrangulate, beset by minute shiny white pubescence. 
Legs short and thickened. Type-species : Duducoris incisus sp. Nn. 

The new genus seems to be closely allied to Prodromus. But Duducoris can be 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE - 265 


differentiated in that the body is flattened, the vertex is non-sulcate, the anteclypeus 
is much more swollen, the eyes only weakly project above the vertex, the first 
antennal segment is only shortly slender at base, the pronotum is deeply emarginate 
posteriorly, the calli are obscure, and in that the legs are short and robust. 


Duducoris incisus sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 43-46, 52 and 55) 


MALE. Structure. Head, including eyes, nearly twice as wide as long in the middle 
(52:28); vertex slightly more than four times as wide as an eye (39:9); frons 
rounded in front ; eyes with lateral margins strongly curved when viewed from 


Fics. 43-46. Male genitalia of Duducoris incisus gen. et sp. n. 43, left paramere; 44, the 
same: outer aspect of apex; 45, right paramere; 46, aedeagus. 


above (Text-fig. 52). Rostrum extends to apices of procoxae. Antennae inserted at 
middle of eyes; relative lengths of segments, 29: 62:56:50. Pronotum across 
humeral angles about 1? times as wide as median length (68 : 35), and twice as wide 
as across anterior collar (68 : 35) ; posterior margin deeply emarginate, the emargina- 
tion broadly rounded (Text-fig. 55); posterior lobe distinctly punctate, anterior 
lobe and collar obscurely so ; collar as thick as antennal segment I; disc glabrous, 
except for minute hairs on a broad band along posterior margin. Hemelytra only 
slightly widened in the middle ; cuneus with inner margin slightly curved towards 
base. Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 43-46. Length of body 5-4 mm., width across 
humeral angles 1:22 mm. 

Colour. General colour bright green. Head, scutellum, and thoracic venter 
yellowish-green. Apex of antennal segment II, also segments III and IV, ochraceous 


266 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


or yellowish-green, with an obscure tinge of red on apex of segment II. Legs pale 
green, apices of femora and bases of tibiae narrowly suffused with red. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head twice as wide as long (50:25); vertex 44 times as 
wide as an eye (36: 8). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 28 : 54: (III and IV 
missing). Relative dimensions of width across humeral angles of pronotum, median 
length of the latter, and width across pronotal collar, 67 : 36: 33. Length of body 
5*I mm., width across humeral angles 1:21 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

Holotype 3. East ArFRricA: Uganda, Kawanda, at mercury-vapour light, 
6.vii.1959. Allotype 9. Conco: Sakania, ix.1931 (Miss A. Mackie). Paratypes. 
Same data as for holotype: 1 ¢, 18.v.1958; I 3, 22.x.1958; I 4, 20. vi. 1959. 

The holotype, allotype and one paratype are in B.M. Two paratypes have been 
returned to Kawanda. 


Duducoris angulatus sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 47-51, 53, 56 and 58) 


MALE. Structure. Head, including eyes, about 1% times as broad as long in the 
middle (43 : 27) ; vertex nearly three times as wide as an eye (28: 10) ; frons some- 
what truncate in front ; eyes elongate when viewed from above, with lateral margins 
almost straight in the middle (Text-fig. 53). Rostrum reaches apices of middle coxae. 
Antennae inserted below middle of eyes with the lower margin of antennal sclerites 
just about on the same level as lower margin of eyes ; relative lengths of segments, 
31 : 60 : 37: 65. Pronotum across humeral angles about 14 times as wide as median 
length (58:42), and about 14 times as wide as across anterior collar (58 : 32) ; 
posterior margin with the deeply emarginate portion angulate in the middle (Text- 
fig. 56) ; pronotal collar as distinctly punctate as on posterior lobe, calli obscurely 
punctate, collar thicker than antennal segment I; disc glabrous. Hemelytra 
widened in the middle (more distinctly so than in D. incisus); cuneus broadly 
triangular, inner margin straight. Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 47-51. Length 
of body 4:9 mm., width across humeral angles I-04 mm. 

Colour. General colour bright green, old specimens paler or ochraceous. Head and 
scutellum yellowish-green. Antennal segments II and III at apex broadly reddish, a 
band near middle and apical one-third of segment IV, reddish. Legs pale yellowish- 
green. 

FEMALE. Structure. Asin the male, except : relative lengths of antennal segments, 
29: 56: 38:75. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

Holotypes 3. East AFRIicA: Uganda, Kampala, 14.xi.1930 (H. H. [argreaves}). 
Paratypes. Kawempe, nr. Kampala, 1 92, 8.v.1957. Kawanda, I 9, I.iv.1958 ; 
I 3, 31.vi.1958 (both at light). 

The holotype and one paratype are in B.M. Two paratypes have been sent to 
Kawanda. 

This species differs from D. incisus in the structure of the male genitalia, particu- 
larly in (1) the twisted right paramere, and in (2) the apically hooked left paramere. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE --— 267 


In external structure, D. angulatus is notable for the angulate emargination of the 
posterior margin of the pronotum, the relatively longer pronotum, the distinctly 
punctate collar, the elongate eyes, the short third segment of the antennae, the 


48 


Fics. 47-51. Male genitalia of Duducoris angulatus gen. et sp. n. 47, left paramere ; 
48, the same: outer aspect of apex ; 49, right paramere ; 50, the same: inner aspect 
of apex; 51, aedeagus. 


different insertion of the antennae, the much longer rostrum, the narrower vertex, 
and the more distinctly expanded hemelytra. The colour of the antennae and legs 
is also different. 


Duducoris pilosus sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 54 and 57) 


FEMALE. Structure. Densely pubescent, with moderately long hairs. Head, 
including eyes, 14 times as broad as long in the middle (40 : 26) ; vertex 34 times as 
wide as an eye (28 : 8) ; frons broadly rounded in front ; eyes elongate when viewed 
from above, with lateral margins almost straight in the middle (Text-fig. 54), as is the 
case in D. angulatus. Rostrum extends slightly beyond apices of middle coxae. 
Antennae inserted at lower margin of eyes, with lower margin of antennal sclerites 
slightly below lower margin of eyes ; relative lengths of segments, 31 : 62: 40: (IV 
lost). Pronotum across humeral angles more than 14 times as broad as long in the 
middle (59 : 43), and nearly twice as wide as across pronotal collar (59 : 31) ; posterior 
margin of pronotum emarginate, rather shallow, obtusely angulate (Text-fig. 57) ; 
collar about as thick as antennal segment I, nearly as distinctly punctate as on 


268 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Fics. 52-58. External structure in Duducoris gen. n. Sculpturing and pubescence not 
shown. 52, dorsal aspect of head of D. incisus sp. n.; 53, the same for D. angulatus 
sp.n.; 54, the same for D. pilosus sp. n. ; 55, dorsal aspect of pronotum of D. incisus ; 
56, the same for D. angulatus ; 57, the same for D. pilosus ; 58, lateral view of fore 
part of body of D. angulatus. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE _ 269 


posterior lobe, calli obscurely punctate ; disc densely covered with erect, shiny white 
hairs. Hemelytra widened in the middle (as in D. angulatus) ; cuneus broadly 
triangular, inner margin straight. Length of body 5-0 mm., width across humeral 
angles I-06 mm. 

Colour. General colour bright green. Head, pronotum, and scutellum yellowish- 
green. Antennae yellowish-green ; segments I and II with irregular reddish markings, 
apices of segments II and III broadly red. Legs pale green. 

Mate. Unknown. 

Holotype 29. East AFRICA: Uganda, Kawanda at light, 1.v.1958. In B.M. 

D. pilosus is clearly allied to D. angulatus. But it may be distinguished from the 
latter by the following characters : the shallower and more obtuse emargination of 
the posterior margin of the pronotum, the narrower head, the broader vertex, the 
lower insertion of the antennae, and by the pubescence on the pronotum. 


Genus KUNUNGUA Carvalho 


Until recently, only two species of Kunungua were known: K. boxi Carvalho, the 
type species, from Ghana (West Africa), and K. cinnamonea Carvalho, from the 
Congo. A third species is now recognized from Ukerewe Is. in Lake Victoria, and it 
is described in the following paragraphs. 


Kunungua ukerewensis sp. n. 


(Text-figs. 59-61) 


FEMALE. Structure. Head strongly transverse, together with eyes 3} times as 
broad as long in the middle (46: 13) ; vertex more than four times as wide as an 
eye (35:8); frons blunt; eyes from in front distinctly projecting above vertex, 
stylate, as seen from above eye peduncle slightly longer than width of eye. Rostrum 
extends slightly beyond apices of fore coxae. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 
24: 43:44:(IV missing). Pronotum across humeral angles a little broader than 
median length (56:51), and more than twice as wide as across pronotal collar 
(56: 25) ; calli prominently swollen, with a deep depression between them. Cuneus 
about 24 times as long as wide at base. Pubescence on body short. Length of body 
3°9 mm., width across humeral angles I-or mm. 

Colour. Head fuscous, anteclypeus and apices of juga yellowish-brown. Antennae 
dark brown to fuscous, base of segment I stramineous. Pronotum and scutellum 
fuscous, anterior collar extensively or largely pale yellowish-brown. Hemelytra 
stramineous ; clavus fuscous to black ; a band along inner margin of corium from 
about level of claval apex to apex of cuneus, also outer margin and apical half of 
cuneus, brown; basal area of membrane, including nearly the whole cell, smoky 
brown. Venter fuscous to black. Coxae and bases of femora broadly stramineous ; 
the rest of the legs yellowish-brown, tibiae and tarsi paler, apices of tarsi fuscous. 

MALE. Structure. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 24:24: (III and IV 
missing). Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 59-61. Otherwise, structure as in the 
female. 


270 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Colour. Similar to that of the female, except : legs largely stramineous. 
Holotype 2. East Arrica: Tanganyika, Ukerewe Is. (L. Victoria) (Father 
Conrads). Paratypes. Same data: I J, I 9. 


Fics. 59-61. Male genitalia of Kunungua ukerewensis sp. n. 
59, left paramere ; 60, right paramere; 61, aedeagus. 


63 


Fics. 62-66. Male genitalia of Kunungua boxi Carvalho. 62, left paramere; 63, the 
same: inner aspect of apex; 64 and 65, right paramere ; 66, aedeagus. 


The holotype is in B.M. The paratypes have been returned to the Coryndon 
Museum, Kenya. 

The structure of the male genitalia in K. wkerewensis does not appear to be very 
close to that of K. boxi, the type species of the genus (Text-figs. 62-66). All other 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE 271 


characters of the new species, however, follow the diagnosis of Kunungua ; and for 
this reason the species is assigned to this genus. Apart from the male genitalia, 
K. ukerewensis may be distinguished from the other two species of the genus (K. box 
and K. cinnamonea) by the relatively longer rostrum and cuneus, the different 
proportional lengths of antennal segments, the less prominent frons, and especially 
by the long eye peduncle. The colour of K. ukerewensis is also different, particularly 
that of antennae and pronotum. 


Tribe ODONIELLINI 
CHAMUS-complex 


In his 1912 monograph of the Ethiopian Miridae Poppius propounded the following 
characters to distinguish Chamopsis from Chamus, namely that in Chamopsis (1) 
the last three antennal segments are almost without hairs, (2) that the body is densely 
granulate, (3) that the femora are glabrous, and (4) that the embolium is not trans- 
parent. Actually, these characters are not distinctive and grade into the condition 
found in Chamus ; or, in the case of the first and third characters, probably result 
from the examination of a damaged or atypical specimen. 

The present author’s studies have now shown that, although Chamopsis is very 
closely related to Chamus it is nevertheless a good genus. New diagnostic characters 
have been found (see below). In his revision of the Ethiopian Bryocorinae, China 
(1944 : 181) questioned the generic standing of Chamopsis. But, as we shall see later, 
the species which raised these doubts in his mind—originally described as Chamus 
boxt China—in fact belongs to Chamopsis. 


Chamopsis Chamus 
1. Frontal spines : the two outer ones in hori- . Two outer spines directed upwards (Text- 
zontal plane, and directed outwards, i.e. figs. 67, 69 amd 71). 
sideways (Text-figs. 73 and 74) 
2. Hairs on antennal segment II toIV: about . At least twice as long as width of antennal 
as long as or a little longer than width of segment. 
antennal segment 
3. Tarsal claw: with a prominent basal tooth . Without such a prominent basal tooth. 


The structure of the male genitalia does not help in the characterization of the 
three genera comprising the Chamus-complex (Chamus, Chamopsis, and Parachamus). 
Indeed, specific differences are only slight, except for Chamus mefisto and Chamus 
conradsianus which have a distinctive vesica. Within the complex, Chamus and 
Chamopsis are very close together, while Parachamus stands a little apart—although 
all three genera exhibit a similar aspect, and undoubtedly form a distinct group 
within the tribe Odoniellini. 


Chamus and Chamopsis Parachamus 
1. Pronotum dull, moderately or very densely Shiny, very sparsely pubescent. 
pubescent 
2. Pronotum without protuberances . With two large protuberances near basal 


lateral angles. 


272 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


3. Calli on pronotum : not tuberculate . Tuberculate, i.e. conical in shape (Text-fig. 
76). 
4. Pubescence on antennal segment I: more . A broad area between the basal narrower 
or less uniformly hairy part and the apical thicker part without 
hairs. 
5. Fore tibiae: with a distinct terminal spur, . Without a distinct spur (Text-fig. 79). 


the spur forming one end of apical comb 
of spines (Text-figs. 77 and 78). 


Assignment to Genera of Species of the Chamus-complex 


Species Original assignment Present genus 

bellus Distant : Chamus . Parachamus (Schouteden, 1946). 
conradsianus Schouteden : Chamus . Chamus. 
conradti Reuter & Poppius ; Chamopsis . Chamopsis. 

(= boxi China) Chamus ‘ Chamopsis. 
incertus Reuter & Poppius ; Chamus . Chamus. 
mefisto Reuter & Poppius ‘ Chamus ; Chamus. 
overlaeti Schouteden : Chamus : Chamus. 
veuterit Poppius ‘ Chamus ‘ Chamus (?).+ 
schroedert Poppius ; Chamus , Chamus.* 
tuberculatus Distant ‘ Chamus ‘ Chamopsis 
wealei Distant : Chamus ‘ Chamus. 


(= ghesquierei Schouteden) 


1 Not examined in the present study. 


Re-descriptions of most of the species are given in the following pages. 


CHAMUS Distant 


1904. Chamus Distant, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 13 : 197. 
1912. Chamus Distant; Poppius, Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 41 (3) : 192. 


RE-DESCRIPTION. Body moderately shiny ; with long, erect, pale hairs ; dorsum 
more or less densely tuberculate. Head vertical; viewed from above appears 
triangular in shape, broader than long, with the broadest part in anterior position ; 
from in front appears much broader than long ; from the side appears longer than 
high. Frons with three spines; apical portion of the two lateral ones directed 
upwards, the middle one also directed upwards except when very short. Vertex with 
two large, roundish or oval, callus-like areas, clearly delimited by a ridge and a furrow; 
glabrous. Anteclypeus swollen, indistinctly separated from frons. Eyes prominent, 
widely separated from each other, placed at anterior lateral angles of head. Rostrum 
short, reaching apices of fore coxae. Antennae inserted near lower margin of eyes ; 
antennal sclerites very prominent, developed as hollow cylinder-like structures 
(covering the thin basal part of antennal segment I) ; segment I strongly incrassate, 
thickest part broader than an eye, basal uncovered portion equally thickened, 
apical portion much more thickened and spindle-shaped, this segment densely 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE § 273 


- 
“en anne” 
seo 


ewe Prd 


- 
~s 
Ss 

~ 


Fics. 67-72. Structure of head, particularly that of frontal spines, in Chamus Distant. 
(Pubescence and sculpturing not shown.) 67, lateral aspect in C. wealei Distant; 
68, the same: dorsal aspect; 69, lateral aspect in C. incertus Reuter & Poppius ; 
70, the same: dorsal aspect; 71, lateral aspect in C. convadsianus Schouteden ; 
72, dorsal aspect in C. mefisto Reuter & Poppius. 


274 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


covered with long pointed scales arising from tubercles ; remaining segments thinner, 
with short sub-erect pale hairs and very long erect hairs, the latter twice as long as or 
longer than segmental thickness. Pronotum with posterior margin almost straight, 
much broader than anterior margin, broader than median length of disc; disc 
tuberculate and carrying very long erect hairs, much more sparsely tuberculate 
than on anterior lobe ; calli non-tuberculate but irregularly swollen, also reaching 
sides of pronotum, but widely separated from each other; posterior lobe convex. 
Scutellum a little broader than long; with a semi-circular, shallow depression at 
base. Hemelytra somewhat flattened, with tubercles carrying long erect hairs, 
shorter sub-erect hairs also present ; corium with outer margin sinuate, strongly 
widened towards apex; embolium relatively broad; cuneus a little longer than 
wide ; membrane with a sharply angular vein, membrane and metathoracic wings 
very densely covered with very short adpressed pale hairs. Legs shaggy, densely 
covered with very long pale hairs, those on hind tibiae extremely long ; fore tibiae 
with a distinct terminal spur (Text-fig. 77) ; first two tarsal claws together distinctly 
shorter than the third. Type-species: Chamus wealei Distant. 


Kery TO SPECIES OF Chamus 


1. Hemelytral membrane with a large red band encircling — angle of the cell, and a 
large red spot near middle of the latter. : 2 
—. Membrane without such red markings, or with only a "small obscure red spot near 
apical angle of the cell ‘ 
2. Median spine on frons long, reaching anterior level of lateral pair of spines, (Congo) 
C. overlaeti Schouteden 
—. Median spine on frons minute, or much shorter than the lateral pair : 3 
3. Lateral spines on frons with the thin apical portion directed sharply upwards ; 
antennal segment II twice as long as segment I; hemelytra non-tuberculate. 
Pronotum with more than basal half of posterior lobe non-tuberculate. (Togo, 
Bambari, Kenya) ‘ , ‘ ‘ C. mefisto Reuter & Poppius 
—. Lateral frontal spines somewhat curved outwards, not markedly directed upwards , 
antennal segment II less than twice as long as segment I; hemelytra tuberculate. 


(Tanganyika) : ; ; C. reuteri Poppius 
4. Vertex about four times as wide'a as an eye; scutellum, and also hemelytral membrane 

in the middle, fuscous. (Tanganyika)! . ; , . C. schroederi Poppius 
~. Vertex about three (or less) times as wide as an eye : scutellam and membrane 

yellowish ‘ : ; : : . . 5 


5. Tubercles on pronotum of ‘uniform size ; lateral spines on frons with the upwardly 
curved portion abruptly much thinner than the basal portion, median spine about 
half as long as lateral spine; antennal segment IV about as long as segment I. 
(Ukerewe Is. (L. Victoria), Uganda) : , ' C. conradsianus Schouteden 
~-. Pronotum with a dense covering of granulose tubercles and some distinctly larger, 
scattered tubercles; lateral frontal spines more or less uniformly tapering to 
apices, median spine subequal to or a little shorter than lateral spine; antennal 
segment IV shorter than segment I . . 6 
6. Median frontal spine vertically curved upwards, lateral spines ‘when viewed i in profile 
as long as an eye is high ; on pronotum only the large tubercles are red. (S. Africa, 
Ukerewe Is., Congo) ‘ . ‘ C. wealei Distant 
~. Median frontal spine weakly inclined upwards, lateral spines much shorter than eye is 
high ; the large tubercles and most granulose tubercles on pronotum red. (South 
Africa) ‘ ‘ - A : ‘ , . C. incertus Reuter & Poppius 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE 275 


Fics. 73-76. Structure of head, particularly that of frontal spines in Chamopsis Reuter 
& Poppius and Pavachamus Schouteden. (Note: pubescence and sculpturing not 
shown.) 73, lateral aspect in C. conradti Reuter & Poppius; 74, the same: dorsal 
aspect ; 75, dorsal aspect in C. tuberculatus (Distant) ; 76, lateral aspect in P. bellus 


(Distant). 


276 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 
Chamus wealei Distant 
(Text-figs. 67, 68, 80-82) 


1904. Chamus wealei Distant, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 13 : 197. 
1942a. Chamus ghesquierei Schouteden, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 36 (1) : 88 (syn. n.), 


MALE. Structure. Head, including frontal spines, with long bristly hairs, those on 
vertex directed mostly backwards ; head across eyes about 14 times as long as median 
length of head (including neck, but excluding frontal spines) ; vertex about 2} times 
as wide as an eye (34 : 13) ; eyes large, round ; lateral frontal spines directed forwards 
and then recurved sharply upwards, when viewed from the side about as long as 
an eye is high ; median frontal spine curved upwards, about as long as the lateral 
pair of spines (Text-figs. 67 and 68). Antennal segment I about as long as width of 
head; relative lengths of segments, I0:20:12:7. Pronotum distinctly wider 
across humeral angles than long in the middle (29 : 20), and nearly three times as 
wide as across anterior collar (29:11); surface densely granulosely tuberculate, 
also with much larger sparsely distributed tubercles ; hairs arising from the granulose 
tubercles short and depressed, those from the large tubercles very long and sub-erect, 
all hairs posteriorly directed. Scutellum shiny, with tubercles carrying very long 
seta-like hairs; short hairs also present. Hemelytra moderately densely covered 
with setigerous tubercles, particularly on clavus, apical half of corium, and inner 
one-third of cuneus; long, backwardly directed hairs arising from tubercles and 
also present along external margin, hemelytra also densely covered with short 
depressed pubescence; embolium slightly translucent. Genitalia illustrated in 
Text-figs. 80-82. Length of body 5-85 mm., width across humeral angles I-5I mm. 

Colour. General colour yellowish or stramineous, with reddish markings. Tubercles 
on antennae and body red, granulose tubercles yellowish. Pubescence yellowish- 
white, those on antennal segment I yellowish-brown or fuscous. Suffusions on posterior 
part of head, frontal spines extensively or largely, eyes, clavus irregularly, more than 
distal one-third of corium, suffusions on inner lateral margin of cuneus, membranal 
vein, sometimes a small obscure spot near apical angle of the cell, and sometimes 
irregular markings on abdomen, all reddish. 

FEMALE. Structure. Vertex about three times as wide as an eye (38 : 13). Prono- 
tum wider across humeral angles than long in the middle (34 : 22), and nearly three 
times as wide as across anterior collar (34 : 12). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 
13: 23: (III and IV broken). Length of body 6-25 mm., width across humeral angles 
I-7I mm. Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the female, except : specimen from Zululand with darker 
reddish markings on apical half of corium. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Colony, 1 2 (M. Weale) (Holotype) ; 
Pondoland, Port St. John, 1 g, ix.1923 (R. E. Turner) ; Zululand, Empangeni, 
I 9, 26.iv.1926 (R. E. Turner). All in B.M. East Arrica: Ukerewe Is. in L. 
Victoria, 2 § (Father Conrads). Returned to the Coryndon Museum, Kenya. CoNnco: 
Rutshuru, I g, 16.iv.1937 (J. Ghesquiére) (Holotype of C. ghesquierei). Returned 
to Musée du Congo, Belgium. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE = 277 


The type of C. ghesquierei, deposited in the Musée du Congo in Tervuren, was 
examined and there is no doubt that it belongs to C. wealei. The latter species 
resembles Chamopsis tuberculatus (Distant) in its type of sculpturing on the pronotum 
and hemelytra, but it is otherwise easily differentiated. 


Chamus incertus Reuter & Poppius 
(Text-figs. 69, 70, 77, 83-85) 


1911. Chamus incertus Reuter & Poppius, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 1911: 414; pl. 32, fig 5. 
1912. Chamus incertus Reuter & Poppius ; Poppius, Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 41 (3) : 193. 


MALE. Structure. Head, including frontal spines, with long erect hairs, those on 
vertex directed mostly backwards ; head across eyes about 14 times as wide as it is 


aa 78 " @ 79 


Fics. 77-79. Shape of terminal spur on fore tibia. 77, in Chamus incertus Reuter 
& Poppius; 78, in Chamopsis conradti Reuter & Poppius; 79, in Parachamus bellus 
(Distant). 


long in the middle (including neck, but excluding frontal spines) ; vertex more than 
2% times as wide as an eye (32 : 12) ; eyes large, round ; lateral spines on frons only 
gently recurved upwards apically, when viewed from the side much shorter than 
an eye is high, from above nearly as long as an eye; median spine only slightly 
inclined upwards, somewhat shorter than the lateral spines (Text-figs. 69-70). 
Antennal segment I about as long as width of head; relative lengths of segments, 
1g : 34: 23: (IV broken). Pronotum much wider across humeral angles than long 


in the middle (30:20), and nearly three times as wide as across anterior collar 
ENTOM. II, 6. 5 


278 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


(30:11); surface densely reticulately tuberculate, also with a few scattered but 
much larger tubercles ; the latter with very long sub-erect hairs, otherwise surface 
densely covered with short depressed or sub-erect hairs, most hairs directed posteriorly. 
Scutellum shiny, with a few scattered granulose tubercles carrying very long hairs, 
short hairs also present, all hairs directed backwards. Hemelytra moderately densely 
and uniformly covered with large setigerous tubercles, except apical half of cuneus, 
the setae very long and posteriorly directed ; a dense, short, depressed pubescence 
also present. Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 83-85. Length of body 5-4 mm., 
width across humeral angles 1-62 mm. 

Colour. General colour of dorsum red. Pubescence pale in colour, yellowish-white 
or whitish, those on antennal segment I brownish with yellowish bases. Callus-like 
areas on vertex, frons, anteclypeus, ventral part of head, apex of antennal segment I, 
segments ITI and III wholly, base and apex of segment IV narrowly, irregular mark- 
ings on pronotum, about basal half of embolium, external margin of cuneus, membrane, 
and legs, all yellowish or stramineous. Scutellum reddish-yellow. A band starting 
from inner basal angle of cuneus, continuing on to exocorium, and stopping one-third 
of the way from apex of corium, fuscous. Venter yellowish, suffused with red. 

FEMALE. Structure. Vertex three times as wide as an eye (37:12). Relative 
lengths of antennal segments, 22 : 36: 24: 14. Pronotum much wider across humeral 
angles than long in the middle (35 : 22), and three times as broad as across pronotal 
collar (35:12). Length of body 6-65 mm., width across humeral angles 1-89 mm. 
Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province, Mossel Bay, 2 9, iv.1921 ; 
I g, 1 9, 18-30.xi.192I ; I 9, xii. 1921; I 9, ii. 1922 (R. E. Turner). In B.M. 


Chamus mefisto Reuter & Poppius 
(Test-figs. 72, 86-89) 


1911. Chamus mefisto Reuter & Poppius, Tvans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 1911: 414; pl. 32, fig. 6. 
1912. Chamus mefisto Reuter & Poppius; Poppius, Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 41 (3) : 194. 


MALE. Structure. Head and frontal spines with very long erect hairs; head 
across eyes nearly 1? times as wide as it is long in the middle (including neck, but 
excluding frontal spines) ; vertex about twice as wide as an eye (38 : 18) ; eyes very 
large, round ; lateral pair of frontal spines with basal half thick and inclined forwards, 
distal half vertical and much thinner, when viewed from the side about two-thirds 
as long as an eye is high ; median spine minute, hardly inclined upwards (Text-fig. 
72). Antennal segment I very nearly as long as width of head ; relative lengths of 
segments, 22: 45:30:16. Pronotum distinctly wider across humeral angles than 
median length (36 : 23), and three times as broad as across pronotal collar (36 : 12) ; 
surface with proximal half of posterior lobe shiny, devoid of tubercles or hairs ; 
distal half and sides with small, rather indistinct, tubercles carrying moderately 
short, sub-erect hairs ; calli more or less smooth ; some long hairs on anterior half 
of pronotum; all hairs posteriorly directed. Scutellum smooth, shiny, densely 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE = 279 


covered with moderately long, sub-erect hairs. Hemelytra shiny, without distinct 
tubercles, densely covered with short, depressed hairs and some long, posteriorly 
directed hairs ; cuneus about twice as long as wide. Genitalia illustrated in Text- 
figs. 86-89. Length of body 7-45 mm., width across humeral angles 1-89 mm. 

Colour. General colour of dorsum red. Frons sometimes, the thin apical portion 
of lateral frontal spines, lateral parts of head below, anteclypeus, rostrum, base, 
inner middle and apex of antennal segment I, the remaining segments, a median 
streak on pronotum, posterior margin of pronotum, an inverted U-shaped band 
or more extensive area on the latter, a large area on middle of clavus, two large 
irregular markings on corium, middle two-fifths of embolium, also cuneus and 
membrane, all yellowish. Sides of pronotum and scutellum broadly, sometimes 
base of corium, and apex of corium broadly, dark red or fuscous. Base of cuneus 
narrowly, vein on membrane, a large spot near middle of the cell, and sometimes a 
band round apical angle of cell, red. Venter and legs yellowish or stramineous. 
Pubescence pale yellowish or white ; those on antennal segment I pale, yellowish 
or sometimes tinged with brown, those towards base of segment more brownish. 

FEMALE. Structure. Vertex more than twice as wide as an eye (41: 18). Relative 
lengths of antennal segments, 23: 47:29:14. Relative dimensions of width of 
pronotum across humeral angles, median length of pronotum, and width of pronotal 
collar, 30: 19:9. Length of body 8-35 mm., width across humeral angles 2-16 mm. 
Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. WEST AFRICA: Bambari, 2 3, 22.iv.1953 (Received 
from J. Carayon). In B.M. East Arrica: Kenya, Nairobi, I 3, 6.xi.1920 (A. F. J. 
Gedye) ; I 9, 13.xi.1957 (R. Carcasson). Limuru, 2 9, v.1935. Returned to the 
Coryndon Museum, Kenya. 

The male is described for the first time. 


Chamus conradsianus Schouteden 


(Text-figs. 71, 90-93) 
1942a. Chamus conradsianus Schouteden, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 36 (1) : 87. 


Characterized by the relatively short first antennal segment, the structure of the 
frontal spines, the type of tuberculations on the dorsum, the structure of the tarsal 
claws, and by the colour, especially that of the tubercles and the sub-erect hairs. 

MALE. Structure. Head and frontal spines with long erect hairs, those on vertex 
mostly directed backwards ; head across eyes twice as wide as it is long in the middle 
(including neck, but excluding frontal spines) ; vertex twice as broad as an eye 
(32: 16) ; eyes moderately large, round ; lateral pair of frontal spines with basal 
half thick and inclined forwards, distal half sharply directed upwards and much 
thinner, viewed from the side a little longer than an eye is high; median frontal 
spine about half as long as the lateral pair, basal portion thickened and conical in 
shape, distal portion much thinner and sharply curved upwards (Text-fig. 71). 
Antennal segment I distinctly shorter than width of head (16: 21) ; relative lengths 


280 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


of segments, 16 : 37:24:15. Pronotum much wider across humeral angles than it 
is long in the middle (31: 19), and three times as wide as across pronotal collar 
(31: 10); surface densely covered with uniformly prominent tubercles carrying 


Fics. 80-93. Male genitalia in Chamus Distant. 80-82: C. wealei Distant. 80, left 
paramere; 81, the same: internal aspect of apex; 82, right paramere. 83-85: 
C. incertus Reuter & Poppius. 83, left paramere; 84, the same: internal aspect of 
apex ; 85, right paramere. 86-89: C. mefisto Reuter & Poppius. 86, left paramere; 
87, the same: inner aspect of apex; 88, right paramere; 89, aedeagus. 90-93: 
C. conradsianus Schouteden. 90, left paramere ; 91, the same: inner aspect of apex ; 
92, right paramere ; 93, aedeagus. 


rather long posteriorly directed hairs, a narrow area along posterior margin devoid 
of tuberculations. Scutellum weakly tuberculate ; pubescence similar to that on 
pronotum. Hemelytra with low, scattered tubercles of uniform size on clavus, 
endocorium, apical one-third of corium, and inner basal half of cuneus ; tubercles 
carrying rather long, posteriorly directed, sub-erect hairs; shiny white adpressed 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE _ 281 


pubescence also present. Tarsal claws with a rather distinct tooth. Genitalia 
illustrated in Text-figs. 90-93. Length of body 6-35 mm., width across humeral 
angles 1-66 mm. 

Colour. General colour brownish-red. Adpressed pubescence shiny white ; erect 
hairs brownish-yellow, those on antennal segments III and IV, sides and apical 
portion of pronotum, and apical one-third of corium, brownish or fuscous ; scales 
on antennal segment I fuscous to black. Callus-like areas on vertex, frons or more 
extensively on anterior part of head, apical half of frontal spines, rostrum, antennal 
segments II and III, basal margin of pronotum broadly, scutellum largely, claval 
sutures narrowly, a triangular area on corium (excluding base and apical one-third), 
embolium (excluding base and apical one-third), cuneus (except inner basal angle 
and inner lateral margin), membrane, and legs, pale yellow. Basal lobe of pronotum, 
clavus, and apical one-third of corium sometimes, dark red. Tubercles concolorous. 
Venter yellowish, suffused with red. 

FEMALE. Structure. Vertex more than twice as wide as an eye (36:14). Relative 
dimensions of pronotum across humeral angles, median length of pronotum, and 
width of pronotal collar, 36: 19: 11. Length of body 7-95 mm., width across humeral 
angles 1-87 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male, except: general colour of specimen from 
Ukerewe Is. distinctly red. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. EAST AFRICA: Ukerewe Is. on Victoria Nyanza, 1 9, 
v.1938 (R. P. Conrads) (Holotype) ; returned to the Musée du Congo, Tervuren, 
Belgium. Uganda, Kawanda, 3 3, 4 2 on Tetracera potatoria leaves, xi.1954 (M. 
Magala) ; same data, r 9, 8.xii.1954 (M. Magala); x ¢ on Erythrina, 3.vii.1958 
(T. R. Odhiambo). Three returned to Kawanda Research Station, the rest in B.M. 

In the structure of the tarsal claws, and in the relatively short first antennal 
segment, C. conradsianus approaches the genus Chamopsis. However, it is not 
_ otherwise similar to Chamopsis tuberculatus, as implied in Schouteden’s original 
description (Schouteden, 1942: 87). C. conradsianus is, in fact, closely allied to 
C. schroedert, from which it may be separated by the colour, the structure of the 
head, vertex, antennae, and pronotum, and by the type of tuberculations on the 
dorsum. Like C. mefisto, the vesica has a chitinized structure (Text-fig. 93). 


Chamus overlaeti Schouteden 
1942. Chamus overlaeti Schouteden, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 36 (1) : 88. 


FEMALE. Structure. Head and frontal spines with very long, erect bristles ; 
head across eyes slightly more than twice as broad as it is long in the middle (including 
neck, but excluding frontal spines) ; vertex 2} times as wide as an eye (43:17); 
eyes very large, round; lateral frontal spines curved outwards apically. almost 
horizontal, only very slightly directed upwards at apex ; median frontal spine long, 
reaching anterior level of lateral spines, a little more distinctly directed upwards, 
viewed from above about three-quarters as long as an eye. Antennal segment I a 
little shorter than width of head; relative lengths of segments, 23: 48: (III and 
IV missing). Pronotum across humeral angles more than 1} times as wide as long in 


282 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


the middle (31:19), and three times as wide as across pronotal collar (31 : 10) ; 
posterior lobe densely covered with coarse tubercles of uniform size, except a small 
non-tuberculate area near posterior margin ; disc with very long sub-erect hairs, 
the latter as long as those on head, those along margins rather shorter. Scutellum 
and hemelytra (including cuneus) with large, rather indistinct, setigerous tubercles, 
also covered with very long sub-erect hairs, directed backwards, and shiny white 
depressed pubescence ; cuneus about two-thirds as broad as it is long. 

Colour. General colour of dorsum red. Anteclypeus, sides of head below, rostrum, 
some markings on antennal sclerites, apex of antennal segment I, segment II, a 
triangular area between and in front of pronotal calli, the non-tuberculate semi- 
circular area near posterior margin of pronotum, scutellum extensively, irregular 
markings on embolium, irregular spots on apical half of corium, cuneus wholly 
except for base and a streak near apex of membranal cell, and membrane, all yellowish. 
Membranal vein, a large spot near middle of the cell, and a band encircling apical 
angle of the cell, carmine red. A streak along embolio-corial boundary, and a band 
at apex of corium, dark reddish-brown. Venter and legs yellowish ; dorsal margin 
of venter, and last visible abdominal segments, reddish. Hairs pale yellow, those on 
antennal segment I black. 

MALE. Unknown. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. CoNnGo: Lulua, Sandoa, 1 9, v.1932 (F. G. Overlaet) 
(Holotype). Returned to Musée du Congo, Tervuren. 

C. overlaeti is very similar to C. mefisto in general facies, but it may be distinguished 
in that: (x) the frontal spines are only weakly directed vertically ; (2) the median 
frontal spine is much longer than in C. mefisto ; (3) the lateral spines have a much 
thinner apical portion, in contrast to those in C. mefisto, in which the apical portion 
is abruptly slender ; (4) the dorsum is more extensively covered with tubercles, which 
are in addition distinctly coarser ; and in that (5) the head and dorsum are less 
extensively yellowish. Reference may also be given to Schouteden’s 1942a paper, 
in which he compiled a long list of differences between C. overlaeti and C. reuteri, 
which he regards as closely related. 


CHAMOPSIS Reuter & Poppius 


1911. Chamopsis Reuter & Poppius, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 1911 : 416. 
1912. Chamopsis Reuter & Poppius; Poppius, Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 41 (3) : 195. 
1944. Chamopsis Reuter & Poppius; China, Bull. ent. Res. 35 (2) : 174. 


RE-DESCRIPTION. Dorsum covered with tubercles, from which arise moderately 
long hairs, mostly directed posteriorly. Head vertical, anterior part broadest ; 
viewed from above and from in front appears distinctly broader than long, from 
the side about as long as high. Frons with three spines, all uniformly tapering 
towards apex ; lateral pair recurved outwards, horizontally ; median spine hardly 
inclined upwards. Vertex with two large oval callus-like areas, delimited by a furrow 
and a ridge, glabrous; anteclypeus swollen, indistinctly separated from frons. 
Eyes prominent, widely separated from each other, placed at anterior lateral angles 
of head. Rostrum slightly surpasses apices of fore coxae. Antennae inserted close 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE — 283 


to lower margin of eyes ; antennal sclerites very prominent, cylinder-like structures 
enveloping base of segment I; segment I strongly incrassate, distinctly shorter 
than width of head, basal uncovered portion more or less uniformly thickened, apical 
portion thickest and spindle-shaped, the latter broader than an eye, the segment 
densely covered with long pointed scales arising from tubercles ; the rest of antennae 
thinner than segment I, non-tuberculate, densely covered with depressed pubescence 
and scattered, rather long hairs, the latter less than twice as long as antennal thickness. 
Pronotum covered uniformly with setigerous tubercles ; calli non-tuberculate, but 
irregularly swollen, widely separated from each other, reaching sides of pronotum ; 
posterior lobe convex, posterior margin nearly straight. Scutellum somewhat 
broader than long, with a semi-circular shallow depression at base. Hemelytra 
somewhat flattened, with setigerous tubercles ; embolium relatively broad ; cuneus 
a little longer than wide ; membrane with an angular vein, very densely covered 
with minute pale pubescence. Legs densely hairy, hairs on tibiae very long ; anterior 
tibia with a distinct terminal spur (Text-fig. 78) ; first two tarsal claws together as 
long as, or slightly longer than, third segment ; claws with a large basal tooth. 
Type-species : Chamopsis conradti Reuter & Poppius. 


Chamopsis conradti Reuter & Poppius 


(Text-figs. 73, 74, 78, 94-96) 


IytI. Chamopsis conradti Reuter & Poppius, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 1911: 416; pl. 32, fig. 7. 
1912. Chamopsis convadti Reuter and Poppius; Poppius, Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 41 (3) : 195. 
1944. Chamus boxi China, Bull. ent. Res. 35 (2) : 180, fig. 9 (Syn. n.). 


Despite much enquiry in German museums the type of C. conradti has not been 
found. (It should have been in “‘ Mus. Berol.’’ i.e. Berlin Museum). It seems, there- 
fore, that the original type is lost. Nevertheless, after carefully comparing the type 
material of China’s species, Chamus boxi, with Poppius’ re-description of C. conradtt, 
the present writer has come to the conclusion that not only should China’s species be 
transferred to the genus Chamopsis, but that it is synonymous with C. conradti. 

There is no need to re-describe C. conradti anew, as China’s description and figures, 
and the coloured plate provided by Reuter & Poppius should enable the species to 
be recognized easily. It may be added, however, that in this species the hemelytra 
are almost parallel-sided, and that the corium is not sinuate laterally. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED (other than China’s type material). East AFRICA: Uganda, 
Kawanda, 1 2 on Erythrina micropteryx, 7.ix.1956 (McNutt) ; 2 2 on Combretum 
abbreviatum, 18.iv.1959 (M. Magala). One in B.M., two returned to Kawanda 
Research Station. 


Chamopsis tuberculatus (Distant) comb. n. 
(Text-figs. 75, 97-99) 
1918. Chamus tuberculatus Distant, Bull. ent. Res. 9 : 73. 


MALE. Structure. Dorsum densely covered with adpressed pubescence. Head across 
eyes nearly twice as wide as it is long in the middle (excluding frontal spines) ; vertex 


284 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


nearly twice as wide as an eye (27: 14) ; eyes rather large, round ; median spine on 
frons reaching level of lateral pair, or nearly so (Text-fig. 75). Antennal segment I 
shorter than width of head (14: 18) ; relative lengths of segments, 14 : 29 : 20: 13. 
Pronotum distinctly wider across humeral angles than it is long in the middle (26 : 17), 
and 24 times as wide as across pronotal collar (26: 10); surface densely covered 
with small granulose tubercles and scattered large tubercles carrying rather long 
sub-erect hairs. Scutellum shiny, tuberculations nearly indistinct, with long sub-erect 
hairs. Hemelytra with some large, scattered, setigerous tubercles ; corium feebly 
sinuate laterally. Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 97-99. Length of body 5-0 mm., 
width across humeral angles 1-37 mm. 


Fics. 94-99. Male genitalia in Chamopsis Reuter & Poppius. 94-96: C. conradti 
Reuter & Poppius. 94, left paramere; 95, the same: inner aspect; 96, right para- 
mere. 97-99: C. tuberculatus (Distant). 97, left paramere; 98, the same; inner 
aspect ; 99, right paramere. 


Colour. General colour of dorsum dull, brownish tinged with red. Sub-erect hairs 
stramineous, those on the dark areas along inner margin of cuneus brown to fuscous, 
scales on antennal segment I brownish. Head reddish-brown ; callus-like areas on 
vertex, frontal spines largely, frons, anteclypeus, rostrum, and antennal segments II 
and III, stramineous ; antennal segment III towards base dusky ; segment IV dark 
red, base and apex narrowly yellowish. Pronotum and scutellum yellowish-brown ; 
sides of both base and apex of scutellum, darker ; the large tubercles on pronotum 
dark. Hemelytra yellowish-brown ; base and apex of clavus, a broad band in the 
middle of the latter and on endocorium, also base of endocorium, apical one-third of 
corium (except lateral apical angle), inner basal angle of cuneus, and large irregular 
areas on membrane, fuscous, sometimes with reddish suffusion ; membranal vein 
red. Venter and legs flavescent, sides of thorax and abdomen dark reddish-brown. 

FEMALE. Structure. Vertex somewhat more than twice as wide as an eye (30 : 13). 
Relative lengths of antennal segments, 14: 30:22:12. Relative dimensions of 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE — 285 


width of pronotum across humeral angles, median length of pronotum, and width 
of pronotal collar, 29: 17: 11. Length of body 5-9 mm., width across humeral angles 
1°55 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. ConGco: Kumulu, 1 ¢ off guava, 30.ix.1917 (R. Mayne) 
(Holotype) ; 2 3,39, same data as above. All in B.M. East Arrica: Uganda, 
Kampala and Kawanda, many specimens on guava and collected at mercury- 
vapour light. Ukerewe Is. (on L. Victoria), 1 3, 1 9 (Father Conrads). Returned to 
Coryndon Museum, Kenya. West AFRICA: Sierra Leone, Freetown, I 9 on guava, 
26.vii.1915 (E. Hargreaves). Nigeria, Awgu, 2 J, 3 2nymphs on Alchornea cordifolia, 
4.1.1944 (H. E. Box). In B.M. 

As a result of the present studies, this species has been transferred to the genus 
Chamopsis. 


PARACHAMUS Schouteden 


1946. Parachamus Schouteden, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 39 (3) : 282. 
1952. Parachamus Schouteden; Villiers, Hem. Afr. Noire : 187. 


RE-DESCRIPTION. Dorsum very shiny. Seta-like hairs mostly directed posteriorly. 
Head viewed from above and from in front very strongly transverse, from the side 
higher than long ; head (including frons) with a few scattered seta-like long hairs ; 
head with a distinct neck. The three spines on frons curved vertically upwards 
(Text-fig. 76). Vertex with two large, glabrous, roundish, callus-like flattened areas, 
indistinctly delimited by a thin ridge, separated from each other by a shallow depres- 
sion in the middle ; anteclypeus swollen, indistinctly marked off from frons. Eyes 
very prominent, widely separated from each other. Rostrum short, extending to 
apices of anterior coxae. Antennae inserted near lower margin of eyes ; the cylinder- 
like antennal sclerites very prominent, covering base of segment I; segment I 
thickened (as in Chamus), about as long as width of head, covered very densely with 
long pointed scales arising from tubercles, a portion of the segment between the 
narrow basal part and the thicker distal part smooth and glabrous; remaining 
segments thinner ; pubescence on the latter about as long as, or a little longer than, 
antennal thickness. Pronotum with anterior lobe much narrower than posterior 
lobe ; the latter convex, with two large protuberances located towards basal lateral 
angles ; calli conical in shape; otherwise, disc almost non-tuberculate, and very 
sparsely hairy. Scutellum swollen, broader than long, with a shallow semi-circular 
depression near base. Hemelytra somewhat flattened, sparsely covered with seti- 
gerous tubercles, depressed pubescence on clavus and apical one-third of corium ; 
outer margin of corium sinuate ; cuneus somewhat longer than broad ; membrane 
very densely covered with minute pale pubescence, vein angular apically. Legs 
shaggy, tibiae with very long setae ; anterior tibia without a distinct terminal spur 
(Text-fig. 79) ; first two tarsal segments together longer than third segment ; claw 
without a distinct tooth. Type-species: Parachamus bellus (Distinct). 


286 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 
Parachamus bellus (Distant) 
(Text-figs. 76, 79, 100-102) 


1918. Chamus bellus Distant, Bull. ent. Res. 9 : 72, fig. 3. 
1946. Parachamus bellus (Distant) Schouteden, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 39 (3) : 283. 
1952. Pavrachamus bellus (Distant); Villiers, Hem. Afr. Noire : 187, fig. 262. 


Mate. Structure. Dorsum sparsely covered with moderately long, seta-like hairs. 
Head across eyes more than twice as broad as long ; vertex three times as wide as an 
eye (22:7); spines on frons uniformly taper towards apex, lateral pair about as 
long as an eye is high when viewed from the side, median spine shorter (Text-fig. 76). 
Relative lengths of antennal segments, 23 : 37:23:10. Pronotum much wider 


- 
ce . 

. ee . 
. -*¥ 


101 


Fics. 100-102. Male genitalia in Parachamus bellus (Distant). 100, left paramere ; 
101, the same: inner aspect; 102, right paramere. 


across humeral angles than it is long in the middle (33 : 19), and three times as wide 
as across pronotal collar (33: 11). Tubercles on hemelytra of more or less uniform 
size, most of these on clavus and apical one-third of corium. Genitalia illustrated in 
Text-figs. 100-102. Length of body 5-55 mm., width across humeral angles 1-67 mm. 

Colour. Head, pronotum, scutellum, and their protuberances, fuscous to black ; 
sides of head towards apex, rostrum, antennal segments II and ITI, and base and apex 
of segment IV narrowly, flavescent ; antennal segments I and IV very dark red ; 
pubescence on antennae concolorous, those on segment I fuscous. Hemelytra flaves- 
cent ; clavus dark reddish-brown, except for an irregular area near apex, tubercles 
and setae fuscous ; and apical one-quarter of corium, also inner basal angle of cuneus, 
reddish-brown ; tubercles on pale areas concolorous and their setae pale brownish- 
yellow, those on dark areas fuscous or black ; membranal vein orange-red. Venter 
and legs ochraceous, sides of thorax fuscous. 

FEMALE. Structure. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 23 : 36: 24: I3. 
Relative dimensions of width of pronotum across humeral angles, median length of 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE _— 287 


disc, and width across pronotal collar, 32: 18: 10. Length of body 5-65 mm., width 
across humeral angles 1-69 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. CONGO: Eala, 1 ¢ off ‘‘ Lionzi’’, 26.x.1917 (R. Mayne) 
(Holotype) ; 1 9, data as above (both probably teneral). In B.M. East AFRica: 
Uganda, Kampala, 1 J, I Q, iii.1935; mr. Kampala, 1 2 on Alchornea apparently 
feeding, 5.iii. 1935 (all H. Hargreaves) ; Kawanda, I 4, 27.ii.1954 (A. P. G. Michel- 
more). Two specimens returned to Kawanda Research Station. Ukerewe Is. (on 
L. Victoria), 6 3, 6 9 (Father Conrads). Four specimens returned to the Coryndon 
Museum, Kenya ; the rest in B.M. 


LYCIDOCORIS Reuter & Poppius 


1911. Lycidocoris Reuter & Poppius, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 1911 : 409. 
1912. Lycidocoris Reuter & Poppius; Poppius, Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 41 (3) : 182. 


RE-DESCRIPTION. Body elongate, with sides nearly parallel. Dorsum densely 
covered with sub-erect, posteriorly directed, moderately long hairs; head, collar, 
and anterior lobe of pronotum, covered with erect hairs, those on head and pronotal 
collar sparse. Head smooth, shiny, strongly transverse, when viewed from the side 
somewhat shorter than high ; vertex with a roundish, shallow depression towards 
posterior margin ; frons inflated, projecting anteriorly between bases of antennae 
to about level of apices of antennal sclerites ; anteclypeus swollen, delimited from 
frons by a transverse depression. Eyes large, prominent, widely separated from each 
other, separated from anterior margin of pronotum by a distance about equal to 
thickness of pronotal collar. Rostrum short and thick, extending nearly to apices of 
fore coxae. Antennae inserted towards lower margin of eyes, segments thickened, 
very densely covered with sub-erect seta-like hairs, some of the latter erect ; segment 
I a little more than three times as long as thick, somewhat longer than vertex is 
wide ; segment II club-shaped distally ; segments III and IV spindle-shaped, 
segment III at least a little thicker than II, segment IV distinctly shorter than I. 
Pronotum very coarsely reticulately punctate, broader than long, posterior margin 
feebly sinuate, posterior lobe inclined anteriorly but scarcely convex, sides of anterior 
lobe more or less sinuate ; calli smooth, sharply delimited by a posterior furrow, 
calli extending to the sides of pronotum, confluent in the middle; collar sharply 
separated off by a deep posterior furrow, flattened, less coarsely punctured than on 
pronotal disc. Scutellum a little longer than broad, coarsely reticulately punctured, 
in the middle with some ridges running in a more or less transverse direction between 
punctures, apex swollen and smooth. Hemelytra densely, irregularly, rugosely 
punctate ; embolium narrow ; cuneus much longer than broad, at least 14 times as 
long as broad ; membrane with several vein-like impressions extending from basal 
cell to apex of membrane in addition to the cubitus. Thoracic venter with elongated 
ostiolar peritreme. Legs shaggy, with very long bristles ; segments II and III of 
tarsi subequal, segment I longer. Type-species: Lycidocoris mimeticus Reuter & 
Poppius. 


288 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Key To Species oF Lycidocoris 


1. Setae on antennal segment II extremely long, about three times as long as thickness 
of the segment ; anterior lobe of pronotum, also venter, entirely black. (Kenya) 

L. crinatus sp. n. 
—. Setae on antennal segment II shorter, at most only slightly longer than thickness of 
the segment ; anterior lobe of pronotum as well as venter with at least some orange 


markings - : : ; ; , ; ; : , - ; 2 
2. Frons fuscous to black ; lateral margins of anterior lobe of pronotum very prominent 3 
—. Frons flavescent to orange ; lateral margins of anterior lobe of pronotum only slightly 

prominent . ‘ , , ‘ ‘ ; ; ‘ . ° 5 
3. Tarsi entirely fuscous to black : “frons projecting slightly beyond apices of antennal 

sclerites ; vertex more than twice as wide as an eye . : : : : : 4 


-. Tarsi flavescent ; frons reaching apices of antennal sclerites ; vertex twice as wide as 
an eye. Antennal segment III about 1} times as thick as segment II. (Guinea) 

L. simulans sp. n. 
4. Antennal segment III nearly 1} times as thick as segment II, which is slightly thicker 
than segment I; cuneus only a little longer than broad ; pronotum and scutellum 

with a median narrow black band. (Northern Rhodesia) : L. tumidus sp. n. 
~. Antennal segment III a little thicker than segment II, which is slightly thinner than 
segment I; cuneus about 1} times as long as broad; pronotum and scutellum 
with a broad black band, for the most part nine-tenths as wide as anterior margin 

of pronotum. (Uganda) : : L. infulatus sp. n. 
5. Antennal segment II about five times as s long as segment IV, and slightly thicker than 
segment I; setae on antennal segment II shorter than the segment is thick. 

(Cameroons, Togo, Ghana, Congo, Angola, Uganda, Tanganyika) 

L. mimeticus Reuter & Poppius 
~. Antennal segment II about four times as long as segment IV, and slightly thinner 
than segment I; a few setae near base of segment II a little longer than thickness 

of segment. (Ghana) . ; : : “ . : . IL. ghanaensis sp. n. 


Lycidocoris mimeticus Reuter & Poppius 
(Text-figs. 103-106 and 123) 


1911. Lycidocoris mimeticus Reuter & Poppius, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 1911: 410; pl. 32, 
fig. 3. 

1917. Lycidocoris uniformis Schumacher, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1917 : 447 (syn. n.). 

1942. Lycidocoris mimeticus Reuter & Poppius; Schouteden, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 36 (1) : I- 
(description of varieties). 


The two nominal species, L. mimeticus and L. uniformis, are both very variable 
species ; and in fact, Schouteden (1942) has described several colour varieties. 
However, specimens standing over the name of ‘“‘ L. uniformis’’ in the British 
Museum collection definitely belong to L. mimeticus. And, as these specimens 
represent the coloration typical of L. mimeticus and L. uniformis (as described by 
Schumacher), it seems that the two species are conspecific. Furthermore, the characters 
given by Schumacher (1917) as distinguishing L. uniformis from L. mimeticus are 
not distinctive, viz.: (1) L. uniforms is smaller in size (there is no apparent difference 
in average size of the two species) ; (2) L. uniformis has more densely hairy antennae 
(there is no marked difference between the two species) ; (3) L. uniformis without 
a black band on pronotum and scutellum; (4) the last antennal segment partly 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE- 289 


reddish-yellow ; and (5) the colour of the head and abdomen different from that in 
L. mimeticus. Actually, all gradations are found in colour markings between the 
two species. It is proposed, therefore, to sink L. uniformis as a synonym of L. 
mimeticus. 

A re-description of the species follows. 

MALE. Structure. Head across eyes twice as wide as it is long in the middle (39 : 19) ; 
vertex somewhat more than twice as wide as an eye (20: 9) ; swollen projection of 
frons reaching apices of antennal sclerites. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 


106 


Fics. 103-106. Male genitalia of Lycidocoris mimeticus Reuter & Poppius. 103 and 
104, left paramere ; 105, right paramere; 106, aedeagus. 


25:76:51:15; segment II with setae shorter than thickness of segment ; the latter 
slightly thicker than segment I, segments II and III about equally thick. Pronotum 
about 14 times wider across humeral angles than it is long in the middle (73 : 51), 
and three times as wide as across pronotal collar (73 : 24) ; lateral margin of anterior 
lobe as shown in Text-fig. 123. Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 103-106. Length 
of body 8-65-9:2 mm., width across humeral angles 2:47-2:52 mm. 

Colour. General colour orange ; colour markings very variable. Black or fuscous 
markings on: vertex, anteclypeus, sides of head largely, antennae except base of 
segment I and most of the distal part of segment IV, a median band on pronotum 
and scutellum (sometimes reduced or absent), cuneus almost wholly or only the apex 
or not at all, membrane, venter except small irregular areas along basisternum 


290 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


continuing on to abdomen and also anterior half of dorsal margin of abdomen, and 
legs except apices of coxae, trochanters wholly, and tarsi, black or fuscous. Pubes- 
cence concolorous. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head about twice as wide as long (41 : 21) ; vertex twice as 
wide as an eye (22:10). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 28 : 75 : 54:16. 
Relative dimensions of width of pronotum across humeral angles, median length of 
pronotum, and width across pronotal collar, 83 : 57: 26. Length of body 9:45-11-35 
mm., width across humeral angles 279-3:20 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the 
male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. WEST AFRICA: Cameroun, Baigom, 2 3, 3 2 on Cafeier 
(arabica) (Bamoun). French Togo, nr. Palime, 1 9, nymphs on Coffea arabica, 
7.xii.1943 (H. E. Box). Ghana, Tafo, 1 2 on Randia sp., xii.1942 (H. E. Box). 
Conco: Eala, r 3, 2 9 on coffee, 25.x.1917 (R. Mayne). ANGoLA: Congulu, 1 d, 
iv.1934 (K. Jordan). East Arrica: Uganda, Kamozi, 14 g, 13 9, 29.i1.1928 
(H. Hargreaves) ; Kampala, 3 9, x.1936 (A. F. J. Gedye) (returned to Coryndon 
Museum, Kenya) ; Toro, Bundibugyo, 1 3, 2 2 on coffee, 3.viii.1947 (A. P. G. 
Michelmore) ; Kakira, 2 g, 4 2 on Coffea arabica, II .iii. 1955 (Baldwin) ; Kawanda, 
I $ bred from coffee leaves, 19. xii.1952 (E. D. L. Matega) (four specimens returned 
to Kawanda Research Station). 


Lycidocoris ghanaensis sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 107-110 and 124) 


MALE. Structure. Head across eyes more than twice as wide as it is long in the 
middle (37:17); vertex twice as wide as an eye (18:9); swollen projection of 
frons not reaching apices of antennal sclerites. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 
23:75:51:18; segment II only a little thickened towards apex, setae shorter 
than the segment is thick, those near base somewhat longer than antennal thickness ; — 
segment III very slightly thicker than segment I, the latter very slightly thicker than — 
segment IJ. Pronotum about 14 times as wide across humeral angles as it is long in © 
the middle (71 : 48), and three times as wide as across pronotal collar (71 : 23); — 
lateral margins of anterior lobe as shown in Text-fig. 124. Genitalia illustrated in ~ 
Text-figs. 107-110. Length of body 8-45 mm., width across humeral angles 2:29 mm. — 

Colour. General colour orange. Fuscous or black markings on: vertex, anteclypeus, 
sides of head, rostrum largely, antennae except apex of segment IV, or the latter 
almost wholly, a band on pronotum and scutellum, claval commissures, apex or 
apical two-fifths to two-thirds of cuneus, membrane, thoracic venter except a small — 
area on probasisternum, abdomen entirely or excluding dorsal margin of proximal 
half and ventral part or more extensively, and legs except apices of coxae, trochanters 
entirely, and tarsi. Pubescence concolorous. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head twice as wide as long (40:19); vertex twice as wide 
as an eye (21: 10). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 25 : 77:54:18. Relative 
dimensions of width of pronotum across humeral angles, median length of pronotum, 
and width across pronotal collar, 76 : 53 : 26 (specimen from Cape Coast somewhat 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE 291 


larger). Length of body 10-25 mm., width across humeral angles 2-92 mm. Otherwise, 
structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

Holotype 3. West AFRICA: Ghana, nr. Manso, Cent. Prov., on coffee sp. in 
primitive forest, 11.ix.1943 (H. E. Box). Allotype 9. Ghana, nr. Cape Coast, 
nymphs on Morinda lucida in coastal scrub, 9.ix.1943 (R. E. Box). Paratypes. 
Ghana, Tafo, 1 g on Randia sp., xii.1942; I 4, data as for allotype; 1 9, data as 
for holotype (all H. E. Box). Allin B.M. 

L. ghanaensis appears to be very closely allied to L. mimeticus, except that in the 
former the antennal segment IT is only a little more than four times as long as segment 


Fics. 107-110. Male genitalia of Lycidocoris ghanaensis sp.n. 107 and 108, left paramere ; 
109, right paramere ; 110, aedeagus. 


IV, in L. mimeticus it is about five times ; segment II is thinner than segment I in 
L. ghanaensis ; the setae on this segment are a little longer ; and the shape of the 
anterior lobe of the pronotum is different. 


Lycidocoris infulatus sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 111-114 and 128) 


MALE. Structure. Head across eyes less than twice as wide as it is long in the 
middle (43: 23); vertex more than twice as wide as an eye (23:10); swollen 
projection of frons slightly surpassing apices of antennal sclerites. Relative lengths 
of antennal segments, 30 : 98 : 70: (IV broken) ; setae on segment II shorter than 
antennal thickness ; segment II slightly thinner than segment I, the latter slightly 
thinner than segment III. Pronotum about 1} times as wide across humeral angles 
as long in the middle (80: 60), and three times as wide as across pronotal collar 


292 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


(88 : 29); lateral margins of anterior lobe as shown in Text-fig. 128. Genitalia 
illustrated in Text-figs. 111-114. Length of body 11-55 mm., width across humeral 
angles 3°17 mm. 

Colour. Head fuscous to black; juga and genae flavescent laterally. Rostrum 
and antennae black. Dorsum orange; a broad band on pronotum and scutellum 
(for the most part nine-tenths as wide as pronotal anterior margin), claval commis- 
sures, cuneus except base, and membrane, fuscous to black. Venter and legs black ; 
ventral portion and sides of basal two-thirds of abdomen orange; trochanters 
fuscous. Pubescence concolorous. 


Fics. 111-114. Male genitalia of Lycidocoris infulatus sp.n. 111 and 112, left paramere ; 
113, right paramere ; 114, aedeagus. 


FEMALE. Structure. Head across eyes more than twice as wide as median length 
(46 : 20). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 30 : 97 : 69 : (IV broken) ; segments 
I and II subequal in thickness. Relative dimensions of width of pronotum across 
humeral angles, median length of pronotum, and width across anterior collar, 92: 
63 : 30. Length of body 12:2 mm., width across humeral angles 3-35 mm. Otherwise, 
structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. ; 

Holotype g. East AFricA: Uganda, Entebbe, I-11.ix.19g11 (S. A. Neave). 
Allotype2. Uganda, Kawanda, with eggs on Randia fratum (Rubiaceae), 19. vill. 1939 
(H. Hargreaves). Both in B.M. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE — 293 


L. infulatus is characterized by the more swollen frons, the relatively long antennal 
segment III, the very prominent lateral margins of anterior lobe of the pronotum, 
and by the colour, particularly that of the frons and tarsi, and the broad dark band 
on pronotum. 


Lycidocrois tumidus sp. n. 


(Text-figs. 115-118 and 126) 


MALE. Séructure. Head across eyes slightly less than twice as wide as it is long 
in the middle (44 : 23) ; vertex more than twice as wide as an eye (23: 10) ; swollen 
projection of frons slightly surpassing apices of antennal sclerites. Relative lengths 


Figs. 115-118. Male genitalia of Lycidocoris tumidus sp.n. 115 and 116, left paramere ; 
117, right paramere ; 118, aedeagus. 


of antennal segments, 29 : 97 : 68: (IV broken) ; segment II slightly thicker than 
segment I, segment III much thicker than segment II (about 14 times as thick) ; 
setae on the latter nearly as long as antennal thickness. Pronotum more than 1} 
times as wide across humeral angles as long in the middle (100 : 61), and more than 


three times as wide as across pronotal collar (100 : 31) ; lateral margins of anterior 
ENTOM. II, 6, 18 


294 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


lobe of pronotum very prominent and non-punctate, illustrated in Text-fig. 126. 
Cuneus broad, only a little longer than broad. Genitalia shown in Text-figs. 115-118. 
Length of body 12:2 mm., width across humeral angles 3-60 mm. 

Colour. Head black; juga and genae laterally largely flavescent or orange. 
Rostrum and antennae black. Dorsum orange; a narrow band on pronotum and 
scutellum, sometimes not reaching apex of the latter, apical one-third to two-fifths 
of cuneus, and membrane, black; claval commissure obscurely and narrowly 
brownish. Venter and legs black ; probasisternum and basal two-thirds of abdomen 
orange ; apices of coxae and trochanters largely fuscous. Pubescence concolorous. — 

FEMALE. Structure. Head about twice as wide as long (46 : 22) ; vertex distinctly 
more than twice as wide as an eye (26:11). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 
31: 99: 68: (IV broken). Relative dimensions of width of pronotum across humeral 
angles, median length of pronotum, and width across anterior collar, 117 : 71 : 32. 
Length of body 14:0 mm., width across humeral angles 4-09 mm. Otherwise, struc- 
ture as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

Holotype 3. NORTHERN RHODESIA: Congo border, Kipushi, 15.xii.19g27 (H. 
Silvester Evans). Allotype 2, same data. Paratype 2, same data. Allin B.M. 

L. tumidus resembles L. infulatus very closely, especially in the colour of the head, 
frons, and tarsi. But in L. twmidus the third antennal segment is extremely thickened, 
and the cuneus is much broader than in any other Lycidocoris species (except 
L. simulans). As regards the greatly thickened antennal segment III, L. tumidus 
shows a condition similar to that found in the genus Pantilioforma Schumacher ; 
consequently, this character, as a generic diagnostic character, breaks down. 


Lycidocoris simulans sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 119-122 and 125) 


MALE. Structure. Head across eyes distinctly more than twice as wide as it is long 
in the middle (40: 17) ; vertex twice as wide as an eye (20: 10) ; swollen projection 
of frons reaching apices of antennal sclerites. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 
26:84: (III and IV missing) ; segment II slightly thinner than segment I; the 
longer setae near base of segment II about as long as thickness of segment. Pronotum 
nearly 14 times as wide across humeral angles as long in the middle (78 : 54), and 
three times as wide as across anterior collar (78 : 25) ; lateral margins of anterior 
lobe very prominent, shown in Text-fig. 125. Cuneus broad, only a little longer than 
broad. Third tarsal segment shorter than second. Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 
119-122. Length of body 10-0 mm., width across humeral angles 2-97 mm. 

Colour. Head black ; juga, lora partially, and genae extensively, orange. Rostrum 
and antennae black. Dorsum orange ; a narrow band on pronotum and scutellum 
(except extreme apex), claval commissure narrowly, apical half or more of cuneus, 
and membrane, black. Venter and legs black; probasisternum, dorsal margin of 
thorax and proximal half of abdomen, and ventral portion of abdomen extensively, 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE — 295 


orange ; apices of coxae, also trochanters, fuscous; tarsi flavescent. Pubescence 
concolorous. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head less than twice as wide as long (41 : 23) ; vertex twice 
as wide as an eye (21: 10). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 29 : 89: 61 : (IV 
broken) ; segment III distinctly thicker than segment II (about 14 times as thick). 
Relative proportions of width of pronotum across humeral angles, median length of 


122 


Fics, 119-122. Male genitalia of Lycidocoris simulans sp. n. 119 and 120, left paramere ; 
121, right paramere ; 122, aedeagus. 


pronotum, and width across anterior collar, 90 : 61 : 30. Length of body 11-0 mm., 
width across humeral angles 3:42 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male, except : only proximal half of ventral portion 
of abdomen orange (not “‘ ventral portion of abdomen extensively ’’ as in the male). 

Holotype 3. West ArricA: Guinea, ex Quinquina (J. Carayon). Allotype 9. 
Guinea, Seredou, ex Quinquina, xi.1946 (J. Carayon). Paratypes. 1 3, I 2, same 
data as for allotype ; Sierra Leone, Juri, 1 9, 21.viii. 1912 (J. J. Simpson). All in 
BM. 

L. simulans is closely allied to L. tumidus, particularly in the structure of the anten- 
hae and cuneus, and in the colour of the head and dorsum. But L. simulans may be 
differentiated by the colour of the venter and tarsi, by the relatively shorter antennae, 
and by the narrower vertex. 


296 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Lycidocoris crinatus sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 127) 


FEMALE. Structure. Head across eyes nearly twice as wide as it is long in the 
middle (36 : 19) ; vertex about 24 times as wide as an eye (21 : 8) ; swollen projection 
of frons reaches apices of antennal sclerites. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 
23 : 66: (III and IV missing) ; segment II with only about apical one-fifth thickened, 


bi 125 


124 


Left lateral margin of anterior lobe of pronotum in the genus Lycidocoris 
123, L. mimeticus Reuter & Poppius; 124, L. ghanaensis sp. 0. ; 


Fics. 123-128. 


Reuter & Poppius. 
125, L. simulans sp.n.; 126, L. tumidus sp.n.; 127, L. crinatus sp.n.; 128, L. infulatus 


sp. n. 


and here slightly thinner than segment I ; setae on antennae long, those on segmen 
II extremely long and about three times as long as thickness of segment. Pronot 
about 14 times as wide across humeral angles as long in the middle (74 : 49), and 
about three times as wide as across anterior collar (74: 24) ; furrow between collar 
and calli very deep ; lateral margins of anterior lobe of pronotum as illustrated in” 
Text-fig. 127. Setae on legs very long. Length of body 9-6 mm., width across humeral 
angles 2-63 mm. 
Colour. Head black ; juga, lora, and genae narrowly, fuscous. Rostrum and anten- 
nae black. Dorsum orange; anterior pronotal lobe entirely, a narrow band on 
pronotum and scutellum, claval commissures narrowly, sometimes endocorium and 
inner half of cuneus, and membrane, black. Venter and legs black ; first and second 
tarsal segments stramineous, third segment fuscous. Pubescence concolorous, those 
on the darker parts of corium and cuneus orange in colour. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE = 297 


MALE. Unknown. 

Holotype 9. East ArricA: Kenya, NW. Mau, 8-10,000 ft., i-ti.1946. In B.M. 
Paratype 2, same data. Returned to the Coryndon Museum, Kenya. 

This species is immediately recognized by the very long hairs on antennae and 
legs, the relatively short antennal segment II, its peculiar thickening, the structure 
and colour of the anterior pronotal lobe, and by the black venter. 


PANTILIOFORMA Schumacher 
1917. Pantilioforma Schumacher, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1917 : 447. 


Type-species : P. impressopunctata Schumacher. 
As presently constituted, the genus Pantilioforma consists of three species: 
P. impressopunctata Schumacher, P. thoracicus (Distant), and P. modestus (Distant)— 


Fics. 129-132. Male genitalia of Pantilioforma modestus (Distant). 129, left paramere ; 
130, the same: internal aspect ; 131, right paramere ; 132, aedeagus. 


the latter two having been transferred from Lycidocoris by China (1944 : 179-180). 
The three species may be distinguished as noted below : 


P. impressopunctata P. thoracicus P. modestus 
_ 1, Pronotum about 2} times as_ . Asin impressopunctata . A little more than three 
wide across humeral angles times as wide across hu- 
as across anterior margin meral angles as across 
anterior margin. 

2. Pronotal collar as thickasan . Asin impressopunctata . Thinner than an eye is wide. 
eye is wide 

3. Cuneus much longer than . Asinimpressopunciata . About as long as wide. 
wide 


4. Scutellum distinctly shorter . Alittlelongerthan wide . A little shorter than wide. 
than wide 


298 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


On balance, P. modestus seems to be distinct from the other two species. 
Schouteden (1946 : 275) holds a similar view ; and in fact retains P. modestus in his 
genus Ealincola, which is otherwise synonymous with Pantilioforma. China (1944 : 
179), however, regards P. thoracicus as the more isolated species, because of the struc- 
ture of the scutellum. Since the structure of the male genitalia is known only in 
P. modestus (see Text-figs. 129-132), we will have to leave this question until such 
time as the male has been discovered in the other two species. For the present, all 
three species are left in the genus Pantilioforma. 


BRYOCOROPSIS-SAHLBERGELLA-complex 


Schouteden (1935) first drew attention to this complex, and understood it as 
comprising the genera Bryocoropsis Schumacher and Sahlbergella Haglund. In 1944 
China added two more genera, Idioaspis China and Distantiella China (the latter 
proposed for S. theobroma Distant). The four genera are very closely related ; indeed, 
China (1944: 188) considered regarding them as a single genus ; and Schouteden 
1935 : 473) before him had also considered Bryocoropsis and Sahlbergella to be 
one genus. Three more genera are now being added to this complex: Odoniella 
Haglund, Pseudodoniella China & Carvalho, and Yangambia Schouteden (=Jdioaspis). 

In all these genera the scutellum is inflated, and the frons is swollen and usually 
possesses distinct protuberances. They are also associated with cacao, except, 
apparently, in the case of Yangambia. 

A peculiar character, common to all the six genera of the complex, has been 
recently noted by the present writer, viz. the hemelytral membrane has a dense pale 
pubescence consisting of very minute scale-like hairs. It is tempting to use this as a 
diagnostic character for the complex. However, until all genera within the tribe 
have been examined, and the usefulness and reliability of this character has been 
attested, we shall merely draw attention to it. 


ODONIELLA Haglund 


1895. Odoniella Haglund, Ofvers. VetenskAkad. Forh., Stockh. : 468. 

1905. Odoniella Haglund; Reuter, Ofvers. finska VetenskSoc. Férh. 47 (10) : 2 
1911. Odoniella Haglund; Reuter & Poppius, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 1911: 411. 
1912. Odoniella Haglund; Poppius, Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 41 (3) : 185. 


Key To Species oF Odoniella 


Dorsum with dark markings ! 

Dorsum uniformly red or orange, except sometiines anex of membrane , 

Pronotum with black markings . : ; 

Pronotum without dark markings ‘ 

Calli on pronotum black; corium extensively black, especially on exocorium. 
(Cameroons) . : ; ‘ : O. reuteri Haglund 

Calli and corium concolorously orange. (Benjon) : oO. immaculipennis Poppius 


wile in 
WON 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE- 299 


4. Corium with at least apical half fuscous to black ; membrane broadly fuscous apically ; 
scutellum without dark markings ; antennal segment II uniformly pale in colour, 
about four times as long as segment 1; tarsal claws with a tooth. (Ghana, Camer- 
oons, Ivory Coast) ‘ . O. rubra Reuter 
-. Corium without dark markings ; membrane with only a fuscous spot at apex ; scutel- 
lum with two large black areas; antennal segment II largely fuscous, at least 4} 
times as long as segment I ; tarsal claws non-toothed. (Nigeria) 
O. camerunensis Schumacher 
5. Hemelytral membrane with black apex ; antennal segments II, III, and IV equally 
thick. Antennal segment II yellow or orange. Tarsal claws with a large tooth. 
(Ghana, Togo, Uganda) . ; ; O. apicalis Reuter & Poppius 
~. Membrane uniformly yellowish ; antennal segment IV thicker than segment II or IV 6 
6. Antennal segment II largely fuscous, sub-erect bristles on the segment brownish ; 
tarsal claws non-toothed. (Spanish Guinea, Kenya, Uganda) . O.unicolor Poppius 
-. Antennal segment II uniformly pale, including its pubescence ; tarsal claws with a 
moderately prominent tooth. (Tanganyika, Uganda, Sesse Is. on L. Victoria) 
O. similis Poppius 


The re-descriptions of five species are provided in the following pages. 


Odoniella apicalis Reuter & Poppius 
(Text-figs. 133-135 and 144) 
1911. Odoniella apicalis Reuter & Poppius, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 1911: 412; pl. 32, fig. 4. 


MALE. Structure. Head across eyes more than twice as wide as it is long in the 
middle (41:18); vertex about 2} times as wide as an eye (47:17), and with a 
fine, nearly obsolete, longitudinal sulcus in the middle. Relative lengths of antennal 
segments, 15:71: 47:33; segments II, III, and IV equally thick, segment I 
thicker. Pronotum across humeral angles about twice as wide as long in the middle 
(103 : 52), and about four times as wide as across pronotal collar (103 : 26). Mem- 
branal cell not surpassing apex of cuneus; cell with rounded apex. Tarsal claws 
with a large tooth (Text-fig. 144). Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 133-135. Length 
of body 8-35 mm., width across humeral angles 3-69 mm. 

Colour. General colour red or orange. Antennal segments I and II reddish-yellow, 
segments III and IV black ; pubescence on antennae concolorous, sub-erect bristles 
on segment II yellowish-brown. Anal ridge of hemelytra black ; membrane yellow. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head nearly 2} times as wide as long (44:18); vertex 
nearly three times as wide as an eye (51 : 18). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 
15:60: 48: 35. Relative proportions of width of pronotum across humeral angles, 
median length of pronotum, and width across anterior collar, 110 : 57 : 34. Length 
of body 10-6 mm., width across humeral angles 4:05 mm. Otherwise, structure as in 
the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED (in the Coryndon Museum, Kenya). East AFRICA: Uganda, 
Bwamba Forest, 1 3, v.1952 (E. Pinhey). Material examined in B.M. East AFRICA: 
Uganda, Toro, Daro or Durro Forest, 4,000-4,500 ft., 2 g, 25-29.x.1g1I (S. A. 
Neave) ; Bwamba Forest, Semliki Valley, 2,500—2,800 ft., 1 9, 3-7.xi.1g11 (S. A. 
Neave); Kampala, 1 9, 24.xi.1938; 2 g, I 2 on Piper, 14.vii.1939 (all H. 


300 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Hargreaves). Kawanda, I g, 17.ix.1939; I 9, 9.xi. 1939 (both H. Hargreaves). 
WEstT AFRICA: Ghana, nr. Tafo, 1 2 on Piper guineense, i. 1943 (H. E. Box). 

The toothed tarsal claw immediately distinguishes this species from the rest of the 
genus, except O. similis and O. rubra. 


14] 


7-\139 


138 

Fics. 133-143. Male genitalia in the genus Odoniella Haglund. 133-135: O. apicalis 
Reuter & Poppius. 133, left paramere; 134 and 135, right paramere. 136 and 
137: O. unicolor Poppius. 136, left paramere; 137, right paramere. 138 and 139: 
O. rubra Reuter. 138, left paramere ; 139, right paramere. 140 and 141: O. similis 
Poppius. 140, left paramere; 141, right paramere. 142 and 143: O. cameruensis 
Schumacher. 142, left paramere; 143, right paramere. 


Odoniella unicolor Poppius 
(Text-figs. 136 and 137) 
1912. Odoniella unicolor Poppius, Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 41 (3) : 18 


The female is described for the first time. 
MALE. Structure. Head across eyes about twice as wide as long in the middle 
(41 : 21) ; vertex three times as wide as an eye (24 : 3), and with the median longi- 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE _ 301 


tudinal sulcus nearly obsolete. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 14 : 72 : 50 : 34; 
segment IV distinctly thicker than segments IT and III, and about as thick as segment 
I. Pronotum across humeral angles less than twice as wide as long in the middle 
(99 : 25). Membranal cell surpasses apex of cuneus ; cell with acute apex. Genitalia 
illustrated in Text-figs. 136 and 137. Length of body 9-95 mm., width across humeral 
angles 3-42 mm. 

Colour. General colour red or orange. Antennal segment I orange; segment II 
fuscous, base and apex orange ; segments III and IV black; sub-erect bristles on 
segment II brownish. Anal ridge of hemelytra black ; membrane yellowish. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head slightly wider than in the male (43 : 21) ; vertex nearly 
three times as wide as an eye (25:9). (Antennae missing.) Relative dimensions of 
width of pronotum across humeral angles, median length of pronotum, and width 
across anterior collar, 104 : 54: 26. Length of body 12-35 mm., width across humeral 
angles 3-78 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED (in the Coryndon Museum, Kenya). East AFrIcA: Kenya, 
Kaimosi, I g, v.1952 (E. Pinhey) ; Kakamega, Yala River, 1 2 (H. J. A. Turner). 
Uganda, Kalinzu Forest, r g, x.1948 (T. H. E. Jackson) ; Entebbe, 1 3, vi.1957 
(R. Carcasson). Material examined in B.M. East ArricA: Kenya, Kome (on L. 
Victoria), I g, 13.xii.1918 ; Kome Forest, I 3, 14. xii. 1918 (both G. D. H. Carpenter). 
Uganda, SE. Buddu, Toro Forest, 3,800 ft., 1 3, 26—-30.ix.1g11I (S. A. Neave) ; 
Bunyoro, Budongo Forest, 3,400 ft., I g, I1I-15.xiil.1g1I (S. A. Neave) ; North of 
L. Isolt, 3,700 ft., r g, 4-6.i.1912 (S. A. Neave) ; Mabira Forest, 1 g, 27.ix.1913 
(C. C. Gowdey) ; Buunga, 2 3, 21.viii.1933 (H. Hargreaves) ; Entebbe, lake-side, 
I 9, 6.v.1957 (IT. R. Odhiambo). Two specimens returned to Kawanda Research 
Station. 

Apart from the non-toothed tarsal claws and the structure of the male genitalia, 
O. unicolor may be easily distinguished from O. apicalis by the dark antennal segment 
II, by the thick antennal segment IV, and by the unicolorous hemelytral membrane. 
In Poppius’ original description, antennal segment II is stated to be only four times 
as long as segment I ; in the present study it has been found to be five times as long. 


Odoniella rubra Reuter 
(Text-figs. 138, 139 and 145) 


1905. Odoniella rubra Reuter, Ofvers. finska VetenskSoc. Férh. 47 (10) : 2. 
1912. Odoniella rubva Reuter; Poppius, Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 41 (3) : 187. 


The male is described for the first time. 

MALE. Structure. Head across eyes nearly twice as wide as long in the middle 
(42: 22); vertex three times as wide as an eye (47 : 16), and non-sulcate. Rostrum 
extending beyond apices of fore coxae. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 
14:57: 43:32; segments III and IV about equally thick, segment II slightly 
thinner, segment I slightly thicker. Pronotum nearly twice as wide across humeral 
angles as it is long in the middle (90 : 46), and less than four times as wide as across 
pronotal collar (90:25). Tarsal claws with a somewhat prominent basal tooth 


302 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


(Text-fig. 145). Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 138 and 139. Length of body 
7-2 mm., width across humeral angles 3:Ig mm. 

Colour. General colour orange to red, sometimes more yellowish. Antennal 
segments I and II orange, segments III and IV black ; sub-erect bristles on segment 
II yellowish-brown. Apical half of corium (excluding embolium) and anal ridge 
black ; membrane yellowish, apex broadly fuscous, vein sometimes suffused with 
red. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head nearly twice as wide as long (44: 23); vertex almost 
three times as wide as an eye (51:18). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 
15 : 64:46:33; segment IV about as thick as segment I. Relative proportions of 
width of pronotum across humeral angles, median length of pronotum, and width 


144 145 146 


Fics. 144-146. Tarsal claws in Odoniella Haglund. 144, O. apicalis Reuter & Poppius ; 
145, O. rubra Reuter ; 146, O. similis Poppius. 


across anterior collar, 110 : 55: 28. Length of body 9:2 mm., width across humeral 
angles 3:96 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male, except: corium in Cameroons specimens 
extensively black. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. WEST AFRICA: Ghana, nr. Tafo, 2 3, 1 2 on Piper guineense, 
i.1943 (H. E. Box). Pamen, E. P., 1 9 feeding on leaves of twiner in swollen-shoot 
patch, ix.1942 (G. S. Cotterell). British Cameroons, L. Barombi, 800 ft., 1 2 on 
P. guineense, 20.i1.1944 (H. E. Box). Allin B.M. 


Odoniella similis Poppius 
(Text-figs. 140, 141 and 146) 
1914. Odoniella similis Poppius, Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 44 (3) : 129. 


The female is described for the first time. 

Mate. Structure. Head across eyes twice as wide as long in the middle (41 : 21) ; 
vertex nearly three times as wide as an eye (48 : 17), and with the median longitudinal 
sulcus obsolete or very nearly so. Rostrum extending a little beyond apices of fore 
coxae. Relative lengths on antennal segments, 15 : 74 : 52 : 35 ; segment IV distinctly 
thicker than segments II and III, and about as thick as segment I. Pronotum across 
humeral angles nearly twice as wide as it is long in the middle (98 : 52), and nearly 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE 303 


four times as wide as across anterior collar (98 : 25). Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 
140 and 141. Length of body 9-4 mm., width across humeral angles 3-60 mm. 

Colour. General colour red or orange. Antennal segments I and II orange ; 
pubescence on segment II concolorous, sometimes sub-erect bristles towards apex 
somewhat yellowish-brown. Anal ridge of hemelytra black ; membrane yellowish. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head across eyes more than twice as wide as median length 
(44:19) ; vertex almost three times as wide as an eye (51 : 18). Relative lengths of 
antennal segments, 15 : 66 : 47 : 33; segment IV only slightly thicker than segments 
II and III. Relative dimensions of width across humeral angles, median length of 
pronotum, and width across anterior collar, 117 : 62 : 28. Length of body 10-25 mm., 
width across humeral angles 4:25 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. EAST AFRICA: Uganda, West shores of Victoria Nyanza, 
Buddu, 3,700 ft., 1 9, 19-25.ix.19g1I (S. A. Neave). Entebbe, 1 9, 16.xii.1912 
(C. C. Gowdey). Sesse Isles, 1 3, 3.iv.1925 (G. D. H. Carpenter). Kampala, 2 2 
on Smilax, 24.xi.1938 (H. Hargreaves). Kawanda, I 2, 27.x.1939 (H. Hargreaves). 
One specimen returned to Kawanda Research Station ; all others in B.M. 


Odoniella camerunensis Schumacher 
(Text-figs. 142 and 143) 
1917. Odoniella camerunensis Schumacher, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1917 : 451. 


The male is described for the first time. 

MALE. Structure. Head across eyes almost twice as wide as median length (38 : 20) ; 
vertex nearly three times as wide as an eye (21 : 8), and with the median longitudinal 
sulcus indistinct. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 14 : 64: 47: 32; segment 
IV distinctly thicker than segments II and III, segment I slightly thicker than IV. 
Pronotum across humeral angles almost twice as wide as it is long in the middle 
(89 : 46), and nearly four times as wide as across anterior collar (89 : 23). Genitalia 
illustrated in Text-figs. 142 and 143. Length of body 7-45 mm., width across humeral 
angles 3:20 mm. 

Colour. General colour orange. Antennal segment I orange ; segment II fuscous 
to black, base and apex yellowish or orange ; segments III and IV black. A large 
spot on either half of scutellum black. Anal ridge of hemelytra black ; membrane 
yellowish, apex with a fuscous spot, vein orange. 

FEMALE. Not examined. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. WEST AFRICA: Nigeria, Ijebu Igbo, r g on Culcasia 
parvifolia in secondary forest, 23.xii.1943 (H. E. Box). In B.M. 


PSEUDODONIELLA China & Carvalho 


1951. Pseudodoniella China & Carvalho, Bull. ent. Res. 42 (2) : 465. 
1951. Parabryocoropsis China & Carvalho, Bull. ent. Res. 42 (2) : 468 (syn. n.). 


Type-species: Pseudodoniella pacifica China & Carvalho. 
From the original descriptions of the two genera, Parabryocoropsis China & Carvalho 


304 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 

may be distinguished from Pseudodoniella China & Carvalho as follows: (1) by the 
stout body (in Pseudodoniella the body is relatively elongate) ; (2) by the frontal 
tubercle having two lateral blunt protuberances forming a V-shape (in Pseudodoniella 
the frontal tubercle is less acutely pointed) ; (3) by the smooth, shiny, irregular, 
tubercular swellings on the pronotum and scutellum; and (4) by the exposed 


abdominal connexiva (in Pseudodoniella they are partially covered). 


NEW GUINEA 


| ; NEW BRITAIN 
KERAVAT ° 
! o 
1 ra) 2 
] 
pene AMELE 3 
! > a 2 — 
| wm : 
) oy BUBIA 
nag . LAE 
bs ‘ : s 
1 : 
x aa oe ite 
3 y . TAs ele awe aS = 
1 = 
} Y. 
! e ae oN 
| . 
: . KOKODA 
| ge. PAPUA an 
147 | e 
4, ga 
Fic. 147. Distribution of species of Pseudodoniella China & Carvalho. Key to signs: 


A P. pacifica China & Carvalho 
A P. cheesmanae (China & Carvalho) 
@ P. laensis Miller 


® P. typicus (China & Carvalho) 
m@ P. duni (China & Carvalho) 


On the other hand: (1) Parabryocoropsis duni is intermediate in shape between 
the typical species of the two genera ; (2) a series in the shape of the frontal tubercle 
is discernible amongst the species of the two genera, viz. Pseudodoniella pacifica— 
Pseudodontella laensis—Parabryocoropsis typicus ; (3) P. pacifica has more or less 
distinct, smooth, shiny, tubercular swellings, particularly on the scutellum; and 
(4) the abdominal connexiva are exposed in both P. duni and P. laensis. 

In his 1957 paper, Miller transferred cheesmanae and dunt from the genus Parabryo- 
coropsis to Pseudodoniella, and he also described two new species of Pseudodoniella— 
laensis and szentivanyi. Miller used the following characters to separate the two genera: 
in Parabryocoropsis (1) the body is less elongate, being only twice as long as wide ; 
(2) the scutellum is much shorter than broad, and not visibly emarginate at apex ; 
(3) the antennae are shorter and thicker ; (4) the cuneus is much shorter; (5) the 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE — 305 


hind tibiae are straight, thicker, and feebly nodular (in Pseudodontella they are 
distinctly curved and minutely tuberculate) ; and (6) the abdominal connexiva 
are not covered by hemelytra. None of these differences is convincing as a diagnostic 
character, as there are intermediates (in characters 1, 4, and 6 above), or they are 
no more than specific characters (characters 2, 3, and 5). 

In view of the difficulty of distinguishing the two genera from each other, therefore, 
and since the genitalic structures show no distinct differences either, it is concluded 
that only one genus is represented here. It is proposed to regard Parabryocoropsts 
as a synonym of Pseudodoniella. 


148 149 ISO 


151 152 


Fics. 148-152. Shape of frons in Pseudodoniella as viewed from above. 148, P. pacifica 
China & Carvalho; 149, P. duni (China & Carvalho); 150, P. typicus (China & 
Carvalho) ; 151, P. cheesmanae (China & Carvalho) ; 152, P. laensis Miller. 


A new key has been constructed to facilitate identification since Miller’s (1957) key 
is difficult to use, and because his species szentivanyi has been synonymized with 
laensis Miller (see below). 


Kry To Species oF Pseudodoniella 


1. Pronotum with distinct, smooth, shiny, tubercular swellings ; the two protuberances 
on the frontal tubercle very prominent and V-shaped (Text-figs. 149-152) . 2 
-. Pronotum without distinct tubercular swellings; the two protuberances on the 
frontal tubercle very short and widely separated (Text-fig. 148). (New Britain) 
P. pacifica China & Carvalho 
2. Scutellum in profile appears abruptly rounded to apex; antennal segment II five 
times as long as segment I, apical one-sixth clubbed, and here nearly twice as thick 
as at base; antennal segment III with three prominent swellings ; robust species 3 
-. Scutellum in profile appears gently rounded to apex ; antennal segment II about six 
times as long as segment I, apical one-sixth not clubbed, and here only 14 times as 
thick as at base ; antennal segment III only indistinctly, irregularly swollen ; more 
slender species 4 : ‘ . ‘ ; : . , : é ; 4 
3. Dorsum largely reddish. (New Britain) ; ‘ ; . P. duni (China & Carvalho) 
-. Dorsum largely dark. (New Britain) . ; i : P. typicus (China & Carvalho) 
4. Apex of scutellum as seen from above somewhat emarginate 
P. cheesmanae (China & Carvalho) 
-. Apex of scutellum as seen from above truncate. (Papua and New Guinea) 
P. laensis Miller 


306 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Pseudodoniella laensis Miller 


(Text-figs. 147, 152, 157-159) 


1957. Pseudodoniella laensis Miller, Bull. ent. Res. 48 (1) : 57, figs. 
1957. Pseudodoniella szentivanyi Miller, Bull. ent. Res. 48 (1) : 57, fig. 
1960. Pseudodoniella laensis Miller; Odhiambo, Bull. ent. Res. 51: 519-521 figs. 


In a recent paper the author (Odhiambo, 1960) has stated reasons why he synony- 
mized Miller’s two species, P. laensis and P. szentivanyi. Briefly, Miller based his 


SEI 
ER 


Fics. 153-161. Male genitalia of Psedodoniella China & Carvalho. 153 and 154: 
P. pacifica China & Carvalho. 153, left paramere; 154, right paramere. 155 and 
156: P. typicus (China & Carvalho). 155, left paramere; 156, right paramere ; 
157-159: P. laensis Miller. 157, left paramere; 158 and 159, right paramere at 
slightly different angles. 160 and 161: P. cheesmanae (China & Carvalho). 160, 
left paramere ; 161, right paramere. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE — 307 


descriptions very largely on colour, and even in this case there is great variation and 
overlap in the colour of the two nominal species ; furthermore, no consistent difference 
could be detected in either external structure or the structure of male genitalia 
(although in the case of genitalia of the genus as a whole only P. cheesmanae shows 
obvious structural differences, cf. Text-figs. 153-161). P. laensis takes page priority 
over P. szentivanyt. 


YANGAMBIA Schouteden 


1942. Yangambia Schouteden, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 35 (1) : 5. 
1944. Idioapsis China, Bull. ent. Res. 35 (2) : 186. 


Schouteden (1942: 5) erected Yangambia to receive a peculiar new species from 
the Congo somewhat similar to Sahlbergella species, but having processes on the 
pronotal collar. At almost the same period, China (1944 : 186-188) named a new, 
species from West Africa for which he erected a new genus, [dioaspis, and which 
also showed these same peculiar pronotal processes. Schouteden later came to the 
conclusion that the two genera were identical (Schouteden, 1945 : 116). In addition, 
he synonymized the two species concerned. 

Type material of both species has been examined in the course of the present 
studies. Schouteden is undoubtedly correct in synonymizing the two genera; but 
there is no supporting evidence for sinking China’s species as well. The latter species 
is, therefore, being resurrected from synonymy. The two species of Yangambia may 
be separated as follows : 


Y. vesiculata Schouteden Y. macarangae (China) comb. n, 
1. Bristles on antennal segment II sparse . Dense. 
2. Posterior lateral angles of pronotum with . With only five serrations (Text-fig. 164). 


five large serrations and two minute ones 
(Text-fig. 165) 

3. Apex of scutellum blunt and spatulate . Apex of scutellum pointed (Text-fig. 162). 
(Text-fig. 163) 


4. Scutellum with basal lobe more or less . Scutellum with distinct swellings. 
smooth, with only slight swellings or 
depressions 
5. Pronotum and scutellum pale in colour . Pronotal collar, posterior lobe of pronotum, 


and basal lobe of scutellum, largely dark. 


VOLKELIUS Distant 
1904. Volkelius Distant, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 13: 271. 


As Distant’s (1904) description is rather inadequate a fuller one is provided below. 
It should also be noted that the single known species of the genus is confined to 
Australia, and does not appear to have been recorded elsewhere. Volkelius and 
Pseudodoniella are the only genera of the Bryocoropsis-Sahlbergella-complex found 
outside the Ethiopian Region. 

A second (new) species is represented by a single specimen in the British Museum 
(Nat. Hist.) (data: Tooloom, N.S.W., Jan., 1926, H. Hacker) ; but it has lost its 
abdomen, so it has been thought best to leave it undescribed for the time being. 


308 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Fics. 162 and 163. Shape of apex of scutellum from above in Yangambia Schouteden. 
162, Y. macavangae China; 163, Y. vesiculata Schouteden. 


164 165 


Fics. 164 and 165. Serration on left posterior lateral angle of pronotum in Yangambia 
Schouteden. 164, Y. macavangae China; 165, Y. vesiculata Schouteden. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE — 309 


RE-DESCRIPTION. Body shiny. Head short and very transverse ; vertical, nearly 
half as high as it is broad ; viewed from above appears half as long as broad, from 
the side appears a little shorter than high ; covered with sparse bristles. Vertex 
with a median longitudinal sulcus, dividing two oval callus-like areas delimited by 
raised edges ; the rest of the head smooth and shiny. Frons swollen, blunt. Ante- 
clypeus inflated, separated from frons by a transverse depression, anterior edge as 
seen in profile sinuate in the middle. Eyes prominent, sub-stylate, located near 
anterior lateral margins of head; from the side eyes appear to occupy only half 
height of head, from in front inner margins appear somewhat concave. Rostrum 
extends to apices of fore coxae ; segment I reaching base of head. Antennae inserted 
near lower margin of eyes; segment I very thick, more than half as thick as it is 
long, extreme base slender, thickest near base, about one-third as long as head is 
wide and slightly more than half as long as width of vertex, segment covered with 
somewhat scattered erect bristles arising from minute swellings ; segment II about 
as long as head and pronotum together, more slender than segment I, about apical 
quarter clavate, densely covered with sub-erect and some erect bristles, the latter 
longer than the thickness of the thinnest part of the segment, base of segment some- 
what thickened ; segment III about as long as pronotum, incrassate towards apex, 
and here distinctly thicker than segment II, and about as thick as segment I; 
segment IV fusiform, greatly thickened, thicker than segment I ; bases of segment 
III and IV thin; segments III and IV densely covered with short adpressed hairs 
and some moderately long sub-erect or erect bristles, such hairs also present on apical 
half of segment II. Pronotum convex, deflected anteriorly, disc (except calli) rugosely 
punctate, disc (including calli) covered with erect moderately long hairs, densely so 
near the margins, posterior margin sinuate ; collar extending posteriorly in a triangu- 
lar area between the calli; calli smooth, very shiny, reaching lateral margins of 
pronotum ; fore acetabula visible from above. Scutellum triangulate, slightly 
shorter than broad, convex, not distinctly higher than pronotum at base, with a 
median longitudinal sulcus; disc rough, covered with numerous small swellings, 
densely covered also with erect hairs. Hemelytra densely pubescent ; cuneus longer 
than broad ; membrane with a very dense pale covering of minute scale-like pubes- 
cence. Abdominal connexiva only partially exposed. Legs shaggy, densely covered 
with bristles, particularly tibiae, the bristles arise out of small swellings ; femora 
somewhat thickened at apex; tibiae thick, equally so throughout their length ; 
tarsi not markedly swollen apically, first and third segments subequal in length, 
second segment a little shorter ; tarsal claws with a moderately large tooth. Type- 
species: Volkelius sulcatus Distant. 


Volkelius sulcatus Distant 


(Text-figs. 166-168) 
1904. Volkelius sulcatus Distant, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 13 : 271. 


MALE. Structure. Head across eyes about 2} times as broad as median length 
(42:16); vertex about 2} times as wide as an eye (23:9). Relative lengths of 
antennal segments, 16:64: (III and IV missing); segment I greatly thickened 


ENTOM. II, 6. 19 


310 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


(except the narrow base), as thick as hind femur at apex; segment II thickened 
towards apex, near base only half as thick as segment I, at apex only a little thinner 
than segment I. Pronotum more than 14 times as wide across humeral angles as 
long in the middle (80 : 47), and more than three times as wide as across anterior 
collar (80 : 25). Hemelytra densely covered with rather short erect hairs. Genitalia 
illustrated in Text-figs. 166-168. Length of body 7:4 mm., width across humeral 
angles 2:83 mm. 


Fics 166-168. Male genitalia of Volkelius sulcatus Distant. 166, left paramere ; 
167, the same: internal aspect ; 168, right paramere. 


Colour. General colour reddish-brown. Pubescence yellowish-brown, except hairs 
on antennae and dark areas on hemelytra which are fuscous to black. Antennae 
fuscous to black, base of segment I narrowly reddish-brown. Scutellum fuscous to 
brown, extreme apex reddish-brown. Exocorium, apex of endocorium, anal ridge, 
inner basal angles of cuneus, and inner lateral margin (excluding apex) of the latter 
narrowly, fuscous to black ; membrane smoky black. Coxae, trochanters, and bases 
of femora, reddish-brown, sometimes more extensively so on femora; the rest of 
femora, bases of fore and middle tibiae broadly, and hind tibiae entirely, black ; 
tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown, apices of tibiae and tarsi sometimes brownish. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE ) 311 


FEMALE. Structure. Head more than twice as broad as long (45:20); vertex 
nearly three times as wide as an eye (26: 9). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 
14:65: 44:37. Relative proportions of pronotum as to width across humeral 
angles, median length, and width across anterior collar, go : 51: 28. Length of body 
8-55 mm., width across humeral angles 3:24 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Townsville, 1 2 (Holotype), 
10.ii.1902 ; I g, I 2, 17.11.1903 (all F. P. Dodd). In B.M. 


VILLIERSICORIS Delattre 
1950. Villiersicoris Delattre, Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris (2) 22 (2) : 263. 


Delattre has enumerated the differences between his genus and Sahlbergella, Boxia, 
and Odoniella. 

The present studies show that Villiersicoris is closely allied to Volkelius, and may 
later prove to be congeneric with it. At the moment, however, this question is not 
being finally settled since the male genitalia have not been examined in Villiersicoris 
(the two species are only known from the female). The most distinctive feature of 
Villiersicoris is the presence of large pronotal calli which project beyond the lateral 
margins of the pronotum. Although they are not found in Volkelius in this exagger- 
ated condition, nevertheless the calli are large and reach the lateral margins of the 
pronotum. The second notable feature of Villiersicoris is the clavate apical portions 
of the second antennal segment and hind femora. In Volkelius the beginnings of this 
are seen. The relative lengths of the rostrum, which have been used to separate the 
two genera, is not a good character. The best diagnostic character seems to lie in 
the presence of a row of coarse punctures along the claval sutures which is found in 
Villtersicoris but not in Volkelius or, apparently, in the other genera of the Bryo- 
coropsts-Sahlbergella-complex. 


Villiersicoris sessensis sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 169) 


FEMALE. Structure. Head across eyes nearly three times as broad as median length 
(34:12), and extending well beyond anterior lateral angles of pronotum; long 
erect bristles on anteclypeus, frons, and either side of vertex ; vertex about 3} times 
as wide as an eye (22:6), with a median longitudinal sulcus ; callus-like areas on 
vertex obscure, delimited merely by indistinct round ridges round the smooth areas. 
Eyes sub-pedunculate, in profile appear to occupy only half height of head. Relative 
lengths of antennal segments II : 43 : 27: 26; segment I inflated, as long as pronotal 
callus is wide, base very thin, segment covered with erect bristles, the latter shorter 
than those on the head ; segment II with about apical two-fifths clavate, and here 
about as thick as segment I, and about three times as thick as at base ; segments III 
and IV fusiform, greatly thickened, four times as thick as segment II at base, and 
about as thick as hind femur at apex ; basal thin portion of segment II with sub- 
erect bristles, apical portion of the segment and segments III and IV wholly densely 


312 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


covered with adpressed hairs and isolated short bristles. Rostrum reaching nearly 
to bases of middle coxae. Pronotum rugosely punctate, calli smooth, collar with 
small swellings bearing long erect bristles, long erect bristles also on lateral margins 
of calli and along margins of pronotum; disc across humeral angles more than 14 


“ 


aa” ae 


7 


ee ee 


\ 
L169 
Fic. 169. Dorsum of Villiersicoris sessensis sp. n. 


times as broad as it is long (49 : 30), and nearly three times as broad as across anterior 
collar (49:17); calli large, convex, prominent, extending to lateral margins of 
pronotum and projecting beyond ; posterior margin of pronotum sinuate and concave 
in the middle. Scutellum finely rugosely punctate, moderately densely covered with 
long erect bristles near margins. Hemelytra covered with setigerous swellings, clavus 
and cuneus smooth, claval suture with a row of coarse punctures ; membrane with 
a dense covering of minute, pale, scale-like pubescence. Fore femora narrowing 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE — 313 


towards apices, hind femora distinctly thickened towards apices; legs densely 
covered with long, erect or sub-erect bristles. Abdomen with long setae. Length of 
body 7-8 mm., width across humeral angles 2-61 mm. 

Colour. Body shiny. Head reddish-brown. Antennal segment I reddish-brown, 
the narrow base yellowish, towards apex somewhat fuscous ; segment II fuscous to 
black, base narrowly and the swollen apical portion largely reddish-brown ; segment 
III dark reddish-brown, almost black; segment IV black, with a reddish tinge. 
Pronotum and scutellum yellowish-brown. Hemelytra yellowish-brown ; middle 
portion of clavus, base of corium obscurely, and cuneus, reddish-brown ; apical 
one-quarter of corium fuscous; membrane smoky black, vein reddish-brown. 
Abdomen red, thoracic venter somewhat darker. Legs brownish-red ; apical one- 
quarter to one-third of femora with fuscous markings; tibiae yellowish-brown, 
a band near base and apex brownish to fuscous. Pubescence pale in colour, a few 
fuscous ones on dark parts of antennal segment II, femora, and tibiae. 

Mate. Unknown. 

Holotype 2. East Arrica: Sesse Isles (on L. Victoria), iv.1925 (C. D. H. Carpen- 
ter). In B.M. 

Apart from the relatively shorter rostrum in V. sessensis, the new species may be 
distinguished from V. holasi Delattre (the type and only other species) as follows : 


V. holasi V. sessensis 

1. Antennal segment ITI fuscous . Segment fuscous, the apical swollen part 
reddish-brown. 

2. Pronotum yellowish-brown, collar and calli . Uniformly yellowish-brown. 

reddish-brown 

3. Femora black . The larger (basal) portion brownish-red. 

4. Hind tibiae black, except narrowly at base . Pale yellowish-brown, except for a dark 
band near base and another near apex. 

5. Pubescence on femora and tibiae (only . Mostly pale in colour. 


partly) black 


Tribe MONALONIINI 
EUCEROCORIS Westwood 
1837. Eucerocoris Westwood, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond, 2: 21. 


Up to the present study, eight species of the genus Eucerocoris had been described. 
Of these, two species (E. basifer Walker and EF. braconoides Walker) and possibly 
a third species (E. tumidiceps Horvath) belong to a distinct genus, as revealed later 
in this paper. The remaining five species definitely belong to Eucerocoris, to which 
is now being added five new species described in the following pages. 

RE-DESCRIPTION. Body long and slender; shiny, polished; dorsum glabrous, 
except for the minute pubescence along the edge of hemelytral membrane. Head 
transverse ; vertex convex, topmost part somewhat above eyes, with a median 
longitudinal sulcus ; anteclypeus distinctly inflared, clearly marked off from frons, 
anterior margin as seen in profile straight except at base. Eyes removed from anterior 
margin of pronotum, viewed from above appear rounded, from the side appear to 


314 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


occupy more than half height of head. Rostrum extends far beyond apices of fore 
coxae. Antennae longer than body, inserted very close to eyes ; insertion area very 
large, oval or rounded, at least half as large in diameter as length of inner margin of 
an eye; segment I shortly bent at base, and here thickened a little, segment club- 
shaped near apex ; segments II to IV slender, linear, about equally thick ; antennae 
covered by three types of hairs: short erect hairs, long erect hairs, and short sub- 
erect hairs. Pronotum with a distinctly narrowed anterior lobe; posterior lobe 
convex, declivous, posterior margin straight ; calli obscure or distinct, confluent, 
somewhat swollen, reaching sides of pronotum ; collar thick, thicker than length of 
a callus ; anterior acetabula visible from above. Scutellum almost flattened, nearly 
equilateral, a little broader than long, apex blunt; mesoscutum a little exposed. 
Hemelytra somewhat curved inwards laterally in the middle ; cuneus very long and 
narrow ; apex of membranal cell sharply angular, extending distinctly beyond apex 
of cuneus. Legs long and slender ; femora incrassate at apices; fore tibiae with a 
long spur-like projection at one end of tibial comb ; tarsal claws strongly curved ; 
femora and abdomen with a few scattered hairs, tibiae and tarsi with short abundant 
setae. Type-species : Eucerocoris nigriceps Westwood. (The type is apparently lost ; 
it is not at Oxford. But the original scanty description appears to fit in with the 
genus as described here.) 

The present author recognizes two subgenera within Eucerocoris, of which one is 
new. They may be differentiated as follows : 


Eucerocoris s. str. Ragwelellus subgen. n. 

Type-species: E. nigriceps Westwood Type-species : E. peregrinus sp. n. 

1. Femora linear, at most weakly curved in . Femora distinctly bow-shaped in the middle. 
the middle or curved only at base 

2. Male last abdominal segment without a . Last abdominal segment in male with a 
swollen projection swollen projection or a conical swelling 

with a sharp point. 
3. Distribution : Australia, New Guinea, Fiji . Distribution: Solomon Islands. 


The male genitalia give the best distinguishing characters. The left paramere in 
the new subgenus has a distinct projection in the middle ; the structure of the vesica 
is different ; and the last abdominal segment exhibits a distinct protuberance. 


Kry To Species oF Eucerocoris! 


1. Femora markedly curved in the middle; length of cubital vein beyond apex of 
membranal cell at most 14 times length of distance between apex of cell and apex 
of membrane; last abdominal segment of male with a projection or cone-like 
prominence near dorsal lateral margin. Rostrum reaches middle of mesocoxae or 
beyond (RAGWELELLUS subgen. n.)_ . ‘ ‘ , ‘ ‘ : ; 6 
-. Femora at most weakly curved ; length of cubital vein beyond apex of membranal 
cell at least 13 times length of distance between apex of cell and apex of membrane ; 
last abdominal segment of male without a projection or prominence (subgen. 
EUCEROCORIS Westwood) ‘ , ‘ , é ; ‘ ; ‘ 2 


1 One species, tumidiceps Horvath, is not included in the key since its generic status is in doubt (see 
also discussion under Rayieria gen. n.). 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE _ 315 


2. Hemelytra black, with only small pale spots at base, membranal vein black ; scutellum 
fuscous; head above antennal insertion black, below testaceous. (Locality 
unknown) ‘ : E. nigriceps Westwood 

-. Head with extensive reddish or r yellowish ‘markings or entirely testaceous, mem- 
branal vein reddish; scutellum testaceous or reddish or fuscous suffused with 


red ; head largely testaceous . . 3 
3- Rostrum extends to middle of mesocoxae ; pronotum about as Jong 2 as broad ; dorsum 
orange to blood red (except membrane). (New Guinea) . . £. horvathi Poppius 


~. Rostrum at most reaches bases of mesocoxae; pronotum distinctly broader than 
long ; dorsum with extensive dark markings on head and hemelytra and some- 
times also on scutellum . 4 
4. Antennal segments II and III weit very long, dense, erect hairs, the latter five times 
as long as thickness of segment; segment III a little longer than segment I ; 
cubital vein beyond apex of membranal cell more than 2} times length of the 
distance between apex of cell and apex of membrane; abdomen yellow, with 
apical one-third to half black. (Fiji) . : E. thetis Kirkaldy 
-. Antennal segments II and III with the longest hairs only about 14 times as long as 
thickness of segment ; segment III shorter than segment I; cubital vein beyond 
apex of cell not equal in length to more than twice the distance between apex of 
cell and apex of membrane ; abdomen testaceous or yellowish with reddish mark- 
ings, no darker markings : : : : ; ‘ ‘ ; : 5 
5. Rostrum extends to bases of mesocoxae; antennal segment III much shorter than 
segment I by about one-third to half ; pronotum and scutellum testaceous ; corium 
very dark reddish fuscous, base paler; legs testaceous, femora towards apices and 
tibiae basally with black markings. (Australia) . , . E. suspectus Distant 
-. Rostrum extends to middle of mesobasisternum ; antennal segment III only slightly 
shorter than segment I; pronotum and scutellum fuscous to black, suffused with 
red, with a large yellowish area in the middle of pronotum; corium dark red, 
apical one-third and embolium pale hioal ; femora and tibiae pale yellow, apices 
testaceous. (New Guinea) . ‘ E. festivus Miller 
6. Pronotal calli prominent, swollen, about as long as thickness of pronotal collar ; 
rostrum reaches middle of mesocoxae ; last abdominal segment in male with a 
cone-like prominence. ; : g 
-. Calli almost obsolete, flattened, only about half as long as s thickness of collar ; rostrum 
extends to apices of mesocoxae ; last abdominal segment in male with a rela- 
tively long projection on dorsal lateral margin (male of E. propinquus sp. n. 
unknown) ‘ ‘ 8 
7. Head black; dorsum (except cuneus ‘and membrane) uniformly testaceous ; ‘apical 
halves of femora and bases of tibiae with fuscous markings; venter testaceous. 
(Bougainville Is.) . ‘ . . £. kietae sp. n. 
~. Head testaceous, anteclypeus dark red or fuscous ; pronotum entirely testaceous or 
largely black, scutellum black or testaceous, hemelytra fuscous to black ; femora 
and tibiae testaceous, without dark markings ; abdomen with apical half fuscous. 
(Guadalcanal) ; . E. pallipes sp. n. 
8. Cubital vein beyond apex of membranal cell two-thirds length of distance between 
apex of cell and apex of membrane ; pronotum orange, except for anterior half of 
collar and a large band on either side of posterior lobe. (Ysabel) . E. vittatus sp. n. 
-. Cubital vein beyond apex of cell at least 1} times length of distance between apex of 
cell and apex of membrane ; pronotum black, only calli, posterior margin of collar, 
and sometimes a median band on posterior lobe, testaceous : : : ‘ 9 
9g. Apical three-fifths of femora and basal three-fifths of tibiae black. (Guadalcanal) 
E. propinquus sp. n. 
-. Apical two-fifths of femora and only extreme bases of tibiae black. (Ysabel, 
Bougainville Is.) . ‘ ; : : F : ; .  £. peregrinus sp. n. 


316 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Fics. 170-185. Male genitalia in the subgenus Eucerocoris Westwood. 170-175: 
E. thetis Kirkaldy. 170, left paramere; 171, the same: inner aspect of apex; 
172, the same : inner aspect with basal portion flat on slide; 173 and 174, right 
paramere ; 175, everted aedeagus in dorsal view. 176-180: E. festivus Miller. 176, 
left paramere ; 177, the same: inner aspect of apex; 178, the same: inner lateral 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE _ 317 


Eucerocoris (Eucerocoris) thetis Kirkaldy 
(Text-figs. 170-175) 
1908. Lucerocoris thetis Kirkaldy, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W. 33 : 376. 


MALE. Structure. Head across eyes 1} times as broad as median length (62 : 40), 
and four-fifths as wide as pronotum at base (62: 78) ; vertex about twice as broad 
as an eye (30:16). Eyes occupying three-quarters of height of head; inner margin 
emarginate. Rostrum extends to bases of middle coxae. Antennal sclerites occupying 
middle two-thirds of length of inner margin of eyes; relative lengths of antennal 
segments, 164: 306: 180: (IV lost); segment I with nearly apical one-quarter 
club-shaped, segment sparsely covered with short erect hairs ; segment II densely 
covered with long erect hairs, the latter five times as long as thickness of segment, 
segment with small swellings at bases of hairs, near apex also with minute transverse 
striations ; segment III densely covered with similar long hairs, all the hairs arising 
from small swellings, segment also with minute transverse annulations especially 
distinct on apical one-quarter. Pronotum across humeral angles 14 times as wide as 
long in the middle (78 : 58), and twice as broad as across anterior margin (78 : 40) ; 
calli almost obsolete. Scutellum with transverse, somewhat obscure, rugosities. 
Section of cubital vein between apical angles of membranal cell and the point where 
it joins the cuneus 2% times as long as the distance between apical angle of cell and 
apex of membrane (51:19). Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 170-175. Length 
of body 7-0-7-15 mm., width across humeral angles 1-35 mm. 

Colour. General colour testaceous. Antennal segment I brownish with a reddish 
tinge, the thickened base yellowish, paler also near apex ; segment II dark brown to 
fuscous, darker towards apex, base narrowly testaceous; segment III black ; 
pubescence whitish. Pronotum and scutellum testaceous. Hemelytra fuscous with 
a reddish tinge, base of clavus and corium testaceous, cuneus more reddish ; membrane 
smoky black, vein reddish. Thoracic venter testaceous ; abdomen yellow, apical 
one-third to half black. Legs testaceous, tibiae more yellowish, apices of tibiae and 
tarsi entirely fuscous. Pubescence on venter and legs pale, those on the dark spots 
of legs also dark in colour. 

FEMALE. The only specimen examined is damaged. But colour, in general, agrees 
with that of the male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Fi1: Naurosi, I gf, 19, x.1920; Ig, v.1921 (all R. Veitch). 
Lototi, I 3, 19.xii.1920 (W. Greenwood). Narina, i 3, 14.ii.1940 (R. A. Lever). 
In B.M. 

The peculiar covering of hairs on the antennae, the peculiar sculpturing on the 
dorsum, and the structure of the male genitalia makes the recognition of E. thetis 
easy. Although it is undoubtedly a good Eucerocoris species, it is however rather 
isolated from the other four species of the subgenus. 


aspect of apex; 179, right paramere; 180, aedeagus: ventral view. 181-185: 
E. suspectus Distant. 181, left paramere; 182, the same: inner aspect of base ; 
183, the same: inner aspect of apex; 184, right paramere ; 185, aedeagus: ventral 
view. 


318 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Eucerocoris (Eucerocoris) suspectus Distant 
(Text-figs. 181-185) 
1904. Eucerocoris suspectus Distant, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 13: 271. 


MALE. Structure. Head across eyes twice as broad as median length (78 : 39), 
and about four-fifths as wide as across humeral angles of pronotum (78 : 94) ; vertex 
nearly twice as broad as an eye (35 : 19). Eyes occupy two-thirds of height of head, 
inner margin emarginate. Rostrum reaches bases of mesocoxae. Relative lengths 
of antennal segments, 225 : 288: 168: (IV lost) ; segment I densely covered with 
very short erect hairs, rather gradually thickening towards apex, this club-shaped 
length being about one-third length of segment ; segment II about r$ times as long 
as thickness of segment, densely covered with very short erect hairs, the latter more 
sub-erect towards apex, also with scattered erect hairs; and segment III densely 
covered with sub-erect hairs, and scattered longer hairs (as on segment II), also with 
minute transverse annulations; antennal sclerites occupy middle two-thirds of 
length of inner margin of eyes. Pronotum across humeral angles 14 times as wide 
as long in the middle (94 : 71), and twice as wide as across anterior margin (94 : 45) ; 
calli rather prominent, somewhat separated from each other by a median flattening. 
Scutellum with obscure transverse rugosities. Hemelytral membrane with cubital 
vein between apical angles of cell and the point where it joins cuneus about 12 times 
as long as the distance between apical angle of cell and membranal apex (38 : 24). 
Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 181-185. Length of body 8-3-9-7 mm., width 
across humeral angles 1:57-1:66 mm. 

Colour. General colour testaceous. Antennae black, with obscure reddish tinge, or 
reddish fuscous; thickened base of segment I testaceous. Hemelytra very dark 
reddish fuscous, base of clavus testaceous, base of corium and embolium largely 
ochraceous or yellowish, cuneus more reddish ; membrane infumate, vein red. Venter 
testaceous. Coxae and femora, two broad bands on apical halves of hind femora, 
fuscous to black ; bases of tibiae broadly black, basal half to two-thirds dark testace- 
ous, the rest testaceous ; tarsi fuscous. Pubescence on body and sub-erect hairs on 
antennae pale, erect hairs on antennae yellowish-brown or darker. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head nearly 12 times as wide as long (79 : 46) ; vertex more 
than twice as wide as an eye (42:18). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 
245 :288:160:77; segment I and basal half of segment II with only scattered, 
short, erect hairs; segment IV pubescent as on segment III. Pronotum with the 
following relative dimensions of breadth across humeral angles, median length, and 
width across pronotal collar, of 108 : 76: 46. Cubital vein between apical angle of 
membranal cell and the point where it joins cuneus twice as long as distance between 
apical angle of cell and apex of membrane (49: 24). Length of body 9-7—I0-0 mm., 
width across humeral angles 2:00-2:05 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male, except: head sometimes black ; antennae 
sometimes extensively testaceous, except for a black band near base of segment I, 
and segments III and IV which are fuscous ; basal half of abdomen yellowish-white, 
base and apical half black; legs usually more extensively dark, apical halves of 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE _ 319 


femora, bases of fore tibiae broadly, basal halves of middle tibiae, and basal two-thirds 
of hind tibiae, all being black. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Townsville, 3 ¢ (including 
holotype), 3 Q (including paratype) ; I Q, vi.1903; I 9, ix.1903 (all F. P. Dodd). 
Brisbane, I 9, 28.i.1913; I g I 9, 18.v.1925 (all H. Hacker). Bribie Is., 1 Q, 
xii.1922 (H. Hacker). All in B.M. 

The most notable features of E. suspectus are the form of the left paramere in the 
male, which is very large and curves only gently, and the cuticularized appendages 
in the vesica. The structure of the antennae is also notable, particularly in the type 
of pubescence and the relative lengths of the segments. The colour is rather variable ; 
and more collecting may reveal a wider variation still. 


Eucerocoris (Eucerocoris) festivus Miller 
(Text-figs. 176-180) 
1954. Eucerocoris festivus Miller, Bull. ent. Res. 45 (4) : 705, 5 figs. 


MALE. Structure. Head across eyes 1} times as broad as long in the middle (48 : 30), 
and three-fifths as wide as across humeral angles of pronotum (25 : 12). Eyes occupy 
two-thirds of height of head; inner margin emarginate. Rostrum reaches middle 
of mesobasisternum, about mid-way between bases of fore and middle coxae. 
Relative lengths of antennal segments, 140 : 234: 135:58; segment I gradually 
thickening towards apex, the clavate portion about one-quarter to one-third of 
length of segment, with very sparse short erect hairs ; segment II densely covered 
with long erect hairs, about 14 times as long as segment is thick, and also with short 
sub-erect hairs on apical one-fifth to one-quarter, the latter with minute nodules in 
addition ; segments III and IV densely covered with short sub-erect hairs and isolated 
long erect hairs, with minute dense transverse annulations; antennal sclerites 
occupy middle two-thirds of length of inner margin of eyes. Pronotum across 
humeral angles 1} times as broad as long in the middle (79 : 58), and about 2} times 
as wide as across anterior margin (79 : 32) ; calli almost obsolete ; no suture or 
depression demarcating collar. Scutellum smooth. Corium with dense, irregular, 
minute punctures ; cubital vein beyond apical angle of membranal cell about 13 
times as long as the distance between apical angle of cell and apex of membrane 
(33: 19) ; apex of cell acutely elongate. Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 176-180. 
Length of body 4:0-4:5 mm., width across humeral angles I-30 mm. 

Colour. Head red; vertex suffused with black, in the middle with an elongate 
yellowish spot ; anteclypeus black ; gular region yellowish. Antennae black, segment 
I with reddish suffusion, or antennae extensively or almost entirely testaceous ; 
pubescence brownish to black. Pronotum and scutellum fuscous or black, suffused 
with red ; pronotum with large yellowish area in the middle, reflexed portion pale 
yellow. Clavus yellow, apex and basal one-third dark red, inner margin bright red in 
the middle ; corium dark red, apical one-third pale yellow (except the bright red 
inner and apical margins, and the dark red outer margin) ; cuneus red, basal half of 
outer margin pale yellow ; membrane infumate, vein red. Venter yellowish, abdomen 


320 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


with extensive reddish markings. Legs pale yellow ; apices of femora and tibiae and 
basal segment of tarsi testaceous, otherwise tarsi black. Pubescence on venter and 
legs pale. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head nearly 14 times as broad as long (51 : 35) ; vertex 24 
times as wide as an eye (28: 11). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 156 : 227: 
139 : (IV lost) ; segment II sparsely covered with erect hairs, dense covering of 
sub-erect hairs on apical one-fourth. Length of body 5-6 mm., width across humeral 
angles 1-50 mm. Otherwise, structure as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. NEW GUINEA: Aiyura, 5 3, 7 2 on Cinchona, vi.1953 (R. 
Carne). In B.M. 

E. festivus is very close to E. horvathi ; and from the description it appears that 
E. festivus is only distinguishable in that it is smaller in size, its pronotum is distinctly 
broader than long, the relative lengths of antennal segments are different, its rostrum 
is much shorter (in E. horvathi it reaches middle of mesocoxae), and in the colour 
markings. The character mentioned by Miller (1954: 705), that the femora are 
straight and not curved, is not valid; in fact the femora are feebly curved, as can 
be seen in the hind femora. 


Eucerocoris (Ragwelellus) peregrinus sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 186-193) 


MALE. Structure. Head across eyes nearly twice as broad as long in the middle 
(60 : 34), and four-fifths as wide as pronotum across humeral angles (60 : 75) ; vertex 
twice as wide as an eye (30:15). Eyes occupy two-thirds of height of head ; inner 
margin almost straight, only weakly emarginate. Rostrum reaches apices of middle 
coxae. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 199 : 265: 183:83; segment I 
gradually clavate towards apex, the thickened region about one-quarter of length of 
segment, segment almost glabrous with only a few short erect hairs; segment II 
with a few isolated short erect hairs, apical two-thirds with a dense covering of 
short sub-erect hairs, scattered erect hairs a little longer than the thickness of segment, 
this portion of segment also with minute transverse annulations ; segments III and 
IV with pubescence and sculpturing as on segment II at apex; antennal sclerites 
occupy more than half of middle length of inner margin of eyes (17 : 29). Pronotum 
across humeral angles 14 times as broad as median length (75 : 56), and nearly 24 
times as broad as across anterior margin (75 : 31); calli flattened, delimited by a 
shallow suture posteriorly ; collar very thick, nearly twice as thick as length of 
callus. Scutellum smooth. Cubital vein beyond apical angle of membranal cell about 
1} times as long as the distance between apical angle of cell and apex of membrane 
(30 : 25). Last abdominal segment with a relatively long swollen projection on the 
dorsal lateral aspect. Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 186-193. Length of body 
7°15 mm., width across humeral angles 1:35 mm. 

Colour. General colour bright orange. Head, antennae, pronotal collar largely, 
posterior lobe of pronotum except a broad median band, apex of corium, cuneus 
and membrane entirely (including veins), apical two-fifths of femora, bases of tibiae, 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE _ 321 


and last two tarsal segments, all black. Abdomen sometimes with irregular fuscous 
markings. Tibiae yellowish-brown or testaceous. Pubescence shiny white or pale. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head 14 times as broad as long (64: 36); vertex twice as 
wide as an eye (32:16). Relative lengths of antennal segments, Igo : 260 : 180: (IV 
lost). Relative dimensions of width across humeral angles of pronotum, median 
lengths of the latter, and width of anterior margin, 87 : 70 : 32. Cubital vein beyond 
apical angle of membranal cell 12 times as long as distance between apical angle of 
cell and apex of membrane (35 : 25). Last abdominal segment without a projection. 
Length of body 8-55 mm., width across humeral angles 1-60 mm. Otherwise, structure 
as in the male. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

Holotype 3. SoLomMon IsLANDs: Ysabel, Gatere, 19.11.1956 (E. S. Brown). 
Allotype 2. Same data as for holotype. Paratypes 4 3. Same data as for holotype. 
All in B.M. 

This species was recognized in 1956 by Mr. N. C. E. Miller as a new species of 
Eucerocoris, but he did not actually describe and name it. 


Eucerocoris (Ragwelellus) peregrinus numanumae subsp. n. 
(Text-figs. IgI—-193) 


There are two specimens from the island of Bougainville that differ in colour and in 
external structure, to some extent, from the typical E. (R.) peregrinus, but whose 
male genitalia is almost identical with that of the latter. The present author hesitates 
to recognize the two specimens as representing a distinct species; and it is here 
regarded as a subspecies of peregrinus. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head a little more than 14 times as broad as long (64 : 38) ; 
vertex about 24 times as wide as an eye (32: 14). Inner margin of eyes emarginate, 
more strongly so than in peregrinus peregrinus. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 
189 : 250: 160:69; segment I with clavate apical region less than one-fourth of 
length of segment. Pronotum across humeral angles 1} times as broad as long in the 
middle (86 : 67), and about 2} times as broad as anterior margin (86 : 38). Cubital 
vein beyond apex of membranal cell slightly longer than distance between apical 
angle of cell and apex of membrane (31 : 27). Length of body 7-75 mm., width across 
humeral angles 1:51 mm. 

Colour. As in peregrinus peregrinus, except: middle half of antennal segment I 
and base of segment II broadly brownish ; posterior half of pronotal collar irregularly 
orange, posterior lobe entirely black ; apices of femora dark brown or fuscous (only 
apical one-fifth or less). 

MALE. Structure. Head about 1? times as broad as long ; vertex 2} times as wide 
as an eye (32: 13). Relative lengths of antennal segments, 190 : 260 : 180 : (IV lost). 
Pronotum with relative dimensions of width across humeral angles, median length, 
and width of anterior margin, of 76:59:34. Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 
I9gI-193. Otherwise, structure as in the female. 

Colour. Similar to that of the female. 


322 


THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


Fics 186-209. Male genitalia in Ragwelellus subgen. n. 186-190: E. peregrinus 


pevegrinus sp. and subsp. n. 186, left paramere; 187, the same: base flat on slide, 
inner aspect; 188, the same: inner aspect of apex. 189, right paramere; 190, 
aedeagus: right lateral view. 191-193: E. peregrinus numanumae sp. and subsp. n. 
191, left paramere: base flat on slide, inner aspect; 192, the same: inner aspect of 
apex ; 193, right paramere. 194-198: E. vitiatus sp. n. 194, left paramere; 195, 
the same : base flat on slide, inner aspect ; 196, the same: inner aspect of apex ; 197 
and 198, right paramere. 199-205: E. pallipes sp. n. 199, left paramere; 200, the 
same: more lateral view; 201 and 202, the same: inner aspect of apex; 203 and 
204, right paramere; 205, aedeagus. 206-209: E. kietae sp. n. 206 and 207, left 
paramere ; 208, the same: inner aspect of apex; 209, right paramere. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE | 323 


Holotype 9. SoLomMon IsLANDs: Bougainville Is., Numa Numa, 31.v.1956 
(E. S. Brown). Paratype 3. Data as above, I.vi.1956. Both in B.M. 


Eucerocoris (Ragwelellus) propinquus sp. n. 


FEMALE. Structure. Head nearly twice as wide as long (64 : 35), and two-thirds 
as wide as pronotum across humeral angles (64:90) ; vertex twice as wide as an 
eye (33: 15). Eyes occupy three-quarters of height of head ; inner margin almost 
straight, only weakly emarginate. Rostrum reaches nearly apices of middle coxae. 
Relative lengths of antennal segments, 221 : 286 : 202: (IV lost) ; segment I with 
apical one-quarter clavate, segment almost glabrous, except for minute very 
sparse hairs and a few short hairs at apex; segment II with apical one-quarter 
to one-third densely covered with short sub-erect hairs and scattered longer 
erect hairs, the latter slightly longer than thickness of segment, the rest of the 
segment sparsely covered with minute hairs; segment III densely covered with 
similar hairs as on apical portion of segment II; antennal sclerites occupy two- 
thirds of middle length of inner margin of eyes. Pronotum across humeral angles 
1} times as broad as long in the middle (go : 75), and more than 23 times as broad as 
anterior margin (90 : 35) ; calli distinct, somewhat swollen, about 14 times as thick 
as length of callus. Scutellum with obscure, fine, transverse rugosities. Cubital 
vein beyond apex of membranal cell only slightly longer than distance between apex 
of cell and apex of membrane (35 : 32). Length of body 8-65 mm., width across 
humeral angles 1-64 mm. . 

Colour. General colour orange. Head, antennae, pronotum (except calli, posterior 
margin of collar, and a broad median band on posterior lobe), apex of corium, cuneus 
and membrane wholly, apical three-fifths of femora, basal three-fifths of tibiae, and 
last two segments of tarsi, black ; tibiae and tarsi otherwise stramineous. Pubescence 
on legs and erect hairs on antennae yellowish-brown, sub-erect hairs on antennae 
shiny white. 

Mate. Unknown. 

Holotype 2. SoLomon IsLanpDs : Guadalcanal, Sutakiki, 27. vi.1956 (E. S. Brown). 
Paratype 9. Same locality, Gold Ridge, 30. vi. 1956 (E. S. Brown). Both in B.M. 

E. propinquus closely resembles E. peregrinus. But the relative lengths of antennal 
segments are entirely different, the cubital vein in E. propinquus falls short of the 
apex of the hemelytral membrane by a longer distance, the femora are much darker 
in colour, and the tibiae are extensively black. 


Eucerocoris (Ragwelellus) vittatus sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 194-198) 


MALE. Structure. Head 1% times as broad as long (54: 33), and four-fifths as 
broad as pronotum across humeral angles (54:70) ; vertex nearly twice as wide as 
an eye (26:14). Eyes occupy about three-quarters of height of head ; inner margin 
emarginate. Rostrum reaches apices of middle coxae. Relative lengths of antennal 
segments, 164 : (II to IV lost) ; segment I with less than one-fifth thickened, segment 


324 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


covered with isolated minute hairs ; antennal sclerites occupy three-fifths of middle 
length of inner margin of eyes. Pronotum across humeral angles 1} times as broad 
as long in the middle (70 : 55), and 24 times as broad as anterior margin (70 : 28); 
calli somewhat distinct. Membranal cell with apex only a little beyond apex of 
cuneus, cubital vein beyond apex of cell about two-thirds as long as the distance 
between apex of cell and apex of membrane (25 : 39). Last abdominal segment with 
a relatively long swollen projection on dorsal lateral margin (as in E. peregrinus). 
Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 194-198. Length of body 6-35 mm., width across 
humeral angles 1:24 mm. 

Colour. General colour orange. Head, a large band on either side of posterior lobe 
of pronotum, anterior half of collar except a middle streak, apex of corium, cuneus 
and membrane entirely, apical one-quarter of femora, bases of tibiae, and last 
tarsal segment, all black; base of head testaceous ; antennal segment I fuscous ; 
tibiae and tarsi stramineous. 

FEMALE. Unknown. 

Holotype 3. BriTIsH SoLomons : Sa. Isabel, ii.1933 (R. J. A. Lever). In B.M. 

E. vittatus is very closely related to E. peregrinus ; for instance, the male genitalia 
in the two species are very similar. E. vittatus may, however, be differentiated in 
that the apex of the membranal cell only surpasses the apex of the cuneus by a very 
short length, the head is narrower, the first antennal segment is shorter and only a 
short length of it is thickened, the pronotum has a very broad orange band in the 
middle, and in that the anterior lobe of the pronotum is extensively orange. 


Eucerocoris (Ragwelellus) pallipes sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 199-205) 


MALE. Structure. Head 1% times as broad as long (68: 41), and about three- 
quarters as broad as pronotum across humeral angles (68 : 88). Eyes occupy about 
three-quarters height of head ; inner margin deeply emarginate. Rostrum extends 
to middle of mesocoxae. Relative lengths of antennal segments, 248 : 323 : 183 : 94; 
segment I with about apical one-fifth thickened, with very sparse short erect hairs, 
less sparse towards apex ; segment II with basal one-third sparsely covered with 
short erect hairs and longer erect hairs, the latter shorter than thickness of segment, 
apical two-thirds densely covered with short erect hairs (becoming sub-erect towards 
apex) and isolated longer erect hairs, apex with fine annulations ; segments III and 
IV very densely covered with short sub-erect hairs and scattered long erect hairs, 
the latter at most twice as long as thickness of segment, and also covered with 
fine transverse annulations and minute swellings; antennal sclerites occupy two- 
thirds of middle length of inner margin of eyes. Pronotum across humeral angles 
1} times as broad as long in the middle (87 : 68), and about 2} times as broad as 
anterior margin (87:39); calli prominent, swollen, and more or less cone-like, 
separated in the middle by a depression ; collar with a distinct posterior suture at 
the sides, in the middle obsolete, about as thick as length of callus. Scutellum finely 
transversely rugose, except at apex. Cubital vein beyond apex of membranal cell 
1% times as long as distance between apex of cell and apex of membrane (35 : 25). 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE — 325 


Last abdominal segment with a prominent cone-like swelling (no projection as in 
E. peregrinus). Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 199-205. Length of body 8-o mm., 
width across humeral angles 1°53 mm. 

Colour. Head testaceous, anteclypeus dark red or fuscous. Antennae black, 
segment I and basal one-third of segment II testaceous or reddish. Pronotum 
testaceous entirely, or black with collar at the sides, calli extensively, and ventral 
margin of inflexed portion largely testaceous. Scutellum black with base narrowly 
testaceous, or entirely testaceous. Hemelytra fuscous to black, veins dark reddish. 
Venter and legs testaceous ; apical half of abdomen with extensive fuscous markings ; 
tibiae towards apices and first tarsal segment pale yellowish, last two tarsal segments 
fuscous to black. Pubescence pale. 

FEMALE. Structure. Head nearly twice as broad as long (76: 41) ; vertex twice 
as wide as an eye (38:19). Eyes occupy two-thirds of height of head. Relative 
lengths of antennal segments, 260 : 334: 190:92; only apical half of segment II 
densely pubescent. Relative dimensions of width across humeral angles of pronotum, 
median length of the latter, and width of anterior margin, 113 : 81: 43. Cubital 
vein beyond apex of membranal cell 1} times as long as distance between apex of 
cell and apex of membrane (37 : 31). Last abdominal segment without a swelling. 
Length of body 9:2 mm., width across humeral angles 2:03 mm. 

Colour. Similar to that of the male. 

Holotype 3. Sotomon Istanps: Guadalcanal, Rua Vatu, 12.x.1956 (E. S. 
Brown). Allotype 9. Guadalcanal, Terere, 30.iii.1955 (E. S. Brown). Paratypes. 
Guadalcanal, 1 J, ii.1932 ; Guadalcanal, Lunga, 1 J; same locality, 1 3, 9.vi.1935 
(all R. A. Lever). Allin B.M. 

E. pallipes and the next species (FE. kietae) apparently form a group within the 
subgenus Ragwelellus distinct from the three other species of the subgenus (peregrinus, 
propinquus, and vittatus). The two species may be distinguished by the presence of 
a cone-like prominence on the last abdominal segment of the male (instead of a long 
projection), by the swollen, larger, and quite distinct pronotal calli, by the deeply 
emarginate inner margin of eyes, and by the more robust body. 


Eucerocoris (Ragwelellus) kietae sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 206-209) 


MALE. Structure. Head twice as wide as long (69 : 35), and about five-sixths as 
broad as pronotum across humeral angles (69 : 85) ; vertex twice as wide as an eye 
(34:17). Eyes occupy three-fourths of height of head ; inner margin deeply emar- 
ginate. Rostrum extends to middle of mesocoxae. Relative lengths of antennal 
segments, 228 : (II to IV lost) ; segment I rather densely covered with short erect 
hairs, apical one-sixth thickened. Pronotum across humeral angles a little less than 
1} times as broad as long in the middle (85 : 70), and about 24 times as broad as 
anterior margin (85 : 37) ; calli prominent, distinct, cone-like (though less prominent 

than in pallipes), separated in the middle by a depression ; collar about as thick as 
length of callus, with a short suture on either side posteriorly. Scutellum finely 

ENTOM, ITI, 6, 20 


326 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


transversely rugose, except at apex. Cubital vein beyond apex of membranal cell 
about 14 times as long as distance between apex of cell and apex of membrane 
(35:24). Last abdominal segment with a prominent cone-like swelling (as in 
pallipes). Genitalia illustrated in Text-figs. 206-209. Length of body 8-35 mm., 
width across humeral angles 1-48 mm. 

Colour. General colour testaceous. Head black. Antennal segments I and II 
fuscous to black, middle of segment I and base of segment II broadly suffused with 
red or testaceous. Cuneus dark red, fuscous towards apex ; membrane infumate, 
vein red. Apical halves of femora with two fuscous bands ; tibiae fuscous basally ; 
tibiae and tarsi pale yellowish, last two tarsal segments black. Pubescence pale in 
colour. 

FEMALE. Unknown. 

Holotype 3. SoLoMON ISLANDS: Bougainville Is., Kieta, v.1934 (J. L. Froggatt). 

E. kietae is very closely allied to E. pallipes, and the male genitalia are very similar 
in structure. The first antennal segment is, however, shorter, and the pronotal calli 
are less prominent ; E. kietae may also be readily distinguished by the colour, particu- 
larly by the extensively pale hemelytra, and the dark femora and tibiae. 


RAYIERIA gen. n. 


Two species definitely belong to this genus, Eucerocoris braconoides and Eucerocoris 
basifer, both described by Walker in 1873. The most important characters that 
distinguish these two species from Eucerocoris, as re-defined in the present work 
are: (1) the bristly body and appendages in the new genus, (2) the swollen and 
projecting frons, (3) the swollen and very large pronotal collar, and (4) the very short 
rostrum. Although the male genitalia in both species has not been examined, there 
is no doubt that the two species represent a new genus, as described below. 

Another species, Eucerocoris tumidiceps Horvath, appears to belong to Rayieria, 
although Horvath (1902 : 610) stated that “‘ the antennae and legs (are) not hirsute.” 
He did not mention pubescence on the body either, although he noted that E. twmidi- 
ceps is allied to E. braconotdes. 

DESCRIPTION. Body long and slender; body and appendages shiny, densely 
covered with long, pale, erect, seta-like hairs. Head somewhat transverse ; vertex 
distinctly convex, projecting above eyes, posteriorly with a median sulcus; frons 
swollen between bases of antennae (Text-figs. 212 and 213) ; anteclypeus moderately 
inflated, delimited from frons by a transverse suture, outline of anterior margin 
straight as seen in profile ; neck distinct (Text-figs. 214 and 215) ; eyes far removed 
from anterior margin of pronotum, viewed from the side appear to occupy about half 
height of head, inner margin very nearly linear. Rostrum extends nearly to apices 
of fore coxae. Antennae longer than body; antennal sclerites very large, oval in 
shape, adjacent to eyes, occupy about three-quarters of middle length of inner 
margin of eyes ; segment I shortly bent at base, thickened towards apex (Text-figs. 
210-211), the rest of the antennae thinner ; segment I smooth, remaining segments 
with minute swellings. Anterior lobe of pronotum distinctly narrower than posterior 
lobe ; the latter convex and declivous ; calli distinct, convex, separated in the middle 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE = 327 


by a flattening, reaching sides of pronotum ; collar very large and inflated (Text-figs. 
214 and 215), markedly thicker than posterior femur at apex; posterior margin 
straight ; anterior acetabula visible from above. Scutellum finely, almost obscurely, 
transversely rugose, disc slightly swollen, apex somewhat rounded, about three- 
quarters as long as broad ; mesoscutum a little exposed. Hemelytra curved inwards 


NW IN W\\ 


co 


mT VAT ia 


V 


210 


aN SSN ea) 


TN IW V7) 


Fics. 210 and 211. First antennal segment in Rayieria. 210, R. basifer (Walker) ; 
211, R. braconoides (Walker). 


laterally in the middle; cuneus narrow, but rather short ; membranal cell with 
angular apex, the latter distinctly surpassing apex of cuneus. Legs long and slender ; 
hind femora incrassate apically ; for tibiae with a short, spur-like projection at one 
end of tibial comb; tarsal claws gently curved, more strongly curved at apex. 
Type-species : Eucerocoris basifer Walker. 


Rayieria basifer (Walker) comb. n. 
(Text-figs. 210, 212, and 214) 
1873. Eucerocoris basifey Walker, Cat. Hem. Het. 6 : 164. 


FEMALE. Structure. Head 1? times as broad as long (74 : 43), and two-thirds as 
broad as pronotum across humeral angles (74 : 113) ; vertex 2} times as wide as an 
eye (41:16); frons extending anteriorly beyond level of antennal sclerites by a 
length equal to about half dorsal length of an eye (9: 21) (Text-fig. 212). Relative 
lengths of antennal segments, 136 : 232:165:(IV lost); segment I and basal 
one-quarter to one-third of segment II with only long hairs, the rest of antennae in 


328 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


addition with short, shiny white, sub-erect hairs, on segment III (and probably 
also on IV) more dense than the long erect hairs; segment I near base about as 
thick as segment II and half as thick as at the clavate apex, almost apical half 
clavate (Text-fig. 210). Pronotum across humeral angles nearly 1} times as broad as 
long in the middle (113 : 91), and about 22 times as broad as anterior margin (II3 : 43); 
calli only a little swollen. Cubital vein beyond apex of membranal cell more than 
half as long as cuneus beyond apex of embolium (43 : 78). Length of body 9:35 mm., 
width across humeral angles 2:05 mm. 

Colour. General colour black. Head (excluding vertex, frons, and anteclypeus), 
pronotum, scutellum, pro- and mesothoracic venter, fore and middle coxae, and 


Fics. 212 and 213. Dorsal view of head in Rayieria. 212, R. basifer (Walker) ; 
213, R. braconoides (Walker). 


bases of fore femora narrowly, bright red ; neck red ; antennal sclerites and base of 
segment I narrowly testaceous. Corium (excluding embolium) with a large white 
spot near middle ; membrane infumate, vein reddish-brown. Abdominal segments 
with white margins ; one or two segments near base wholly white. 

Mate. Unknown. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. AUSTRALIA: 2 9 (including holotype). Central Australia, 
Hermannsburg, r 9, 1911 (H. J. Hillier). SE. Queensland, Tambaourine Mts., 
I 9, 19-26.iv.1935 ; I 9, TI-17.Vv.1935 (R. E. Turner). Allin B.M. 


Rayieria braconoides (Walker) comb. n. 
(Text-figs. 211, 213 and 215) 
1873. Eucerocoris braconoides Walker, Cat. Hem. Het. 6: 164. 


FEMALE. Structure. Head 1} times as broad as long (80 : 64), and two-thirds as 
broad as pronotum across humeral angles (80 : 118) ; vertex 2} times as wide as an 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE —§ 329 


eye (45:18); frons extending beyond level of antennal sclerites by a length equal 
to three-quarters dorsal length of an eye (18 : 25) (Text-fig. 213). Relative lengths 
of antennal segments, 130 : 228 : (III and IV missing) ; segment I and basal half of 


ea 
I 


Fics. 214 and 215. Rayieria—head and pronotum in profile. 214, R. bastfer (Walker) ; 
215, R. braconoides (Walker). 


segment II with only long erect hairs, apical half of segment II in addition with a 
moderately dense covering of short, shiny white, sub-erect hairs ; segment I gradu- 
ally thickened towards apex, and here only r} times as thick as near base (Text-fig. 
211), segment II distinctly thinner than serment I. Pronotum across humeral 
angles 14 times as broad as long in the middle (118 : 89), and 24 times as broad as 


330 THOMAS R. ODHIAMBO 


anterior margin (118 : 51) ; calli prominent, convex. Cubital vein beyond apex of 
membranal cell about half as long.as cuneus beyond apex of embolium (44 : 85). 
Length of body 10-35 mm., width across humeral angles 2:12 mm. 

Colour. Head testaceous ; a streak along inner margin of eyes dorsally, and ante- 
clypeus wholly, black ; an obscure short streak on middle of vertex fuscous. Pro- 
notum testaceous, posterior lobe (except for posterior margin narrowly and a lateral 
band on either side) black. Scutellum black, a longitudinal streak in the middle 
testaceous. Hemelytra dark brown to fuscous ; clavus towards apex, and embolium, 
yellowish-brown ; basal half of corium bright red ; membranal vein dark red. Legs 
black ; fore coxae wholly and apex of mesocoxae testaceous. Venter black ; meta- 
epimeron, margins of abdominal segments broadly, third and fourth visible abdominal 
segments wholly, and last segment largely, white. 

MALE. Unknown. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED. WEST AUSTRALIA: I 9. Holotype. In B.M. 

This species may be characterized by the much longer frontal prominence, the 
thicker antennal segment I showing no particular club-like thickening at apex as in 
R. basifer, the swollen and convex pronotal calli, and by the colour, especially the 
reddish head, the extensive black area on the posterior lobe of the pronotum, the 
absence of a white spot on the corium, and the black thoracic venter. 


REFERENCES 


CARVALHO, J. C. M. 1945. Mirideos Neotropicais, Géneros Diaphinidia Uhler, Hyaliodes 
Reuter, Hyaliodocoris Knight, Sinervus Stil e Spartacus Distant, com descrigoes de espécies 
novas. Bol. Mus. nac., Rio de J. 36: 1-4. 

—— 1948. Mirideos Neotropicais. XXXIV. Descricféo de uma espécie nova de “ Falconia”’ 
Distant e algumas corregoes sinonimicas (Hemiptera). Rev. bras. Biol. 8 (2) : 189-192. 
—— 1951. Five new genera and eleven new species of African Miridae (Hemiptera). ev. 

Zool. Bot. afr. 45 (1-2) : 100-115. 

Cuina, W. E. 1944. New and little known West African Miridae (Capsidae) (Hemiptera 
Heteroptera). Bull. ent. Res. 35 (2) : 171-191. 

Cuina, W. E. & CaRvALHO, J.C. M. 1951. Four new species representing two new genera of 
Bryocorinae associated with cacao in New Britain (Hemiptera, Miridae). Ibid. 42 (2) : 
465-471. 

DELATTRE, R. 1950. Description d’un Bryocorinae (Hem., Miridae) nouveau d’Afrique 
Occidentale. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris (2) 22 (2) : 263-264. 

—— 1950a. Description de nouveaux Miridae africains (Hem., Heter.). Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 
55 (10) : 151-153. 

Distant, W. L. 1880-93. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. In Goodman, F. du C. & Salvin, O., 
Biologia Centvali Americana, 1. 

— 1904. Rhynchotal Notes. XXII. Heteroptera from North Queensland. Ann. Mag. nat. 

Hist. (7) 13 : 263-276. 

1904a. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma : Rhynchota, 2 : 436-437, 

487. 

1910. Ibid. 5: 246-247. 

HorvAtu, G. 1902. Descriptions of new Heteroptera from New South Wales. Term. Fiizeteh. 
25 : 601-612. 

KrirKALDy, G. W. 1908. A catalogue of the Hemiptera of Fiji. Proc. Linn. Soc., N. S. W. 


33 : 345-391. 


REVIEW OF SOME GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY BRYOCORINAE _ 331 


Knicut, H. H. 1923. The Miridae (or Capsidae) of Connecticut. Jn W. Britton, The 
Hemiptera, or sucking insects, of Connecticut. Bull. Conn. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. 34 : 422- 
658. 

MILLER, N.C. 1954. Two new species of Miridae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Bull. ent. Res. 
45 (4) : 703-705. 

1957. Two new species of Pseudodoniella China & Carvalho (Hemiptera, Miridae). 
Ibid. 48 (1) : 57-58. % 
ODHIAMBO, T. R. 1959. Notes on the East African Miridae (Hemiptera). XI: The genus 

Proboscidocoris Reuter. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 2 : 321-360. 

-—— 1959a. Ibid. XIV: The tribe Hallodapini. Jbid. (13) 2 : 641-687. 

1960. The identity of Pseudodoniella laensis Miller (Hemiptera : Miridae), associated with 
cacao in New Guinea and Papua. Bull. ent. Res. 51: 519-521. 

—— 1961. A study of some African species of the Cyrtopeltis complex (Hemiptera : Miridae). 
Rev. Ent. Moc. (in press). 

Poprius, B. 1911. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Miriden-Fauna von Ceylon. Ofvers. finska 

VetenskSoc. Forh, 53A (2) : 1-36. 

1912. Die Miriden der Athiopischen Region, I: Mirina, Cylapina, Bryocorina. Acta 
Soc. Sci. fenn. 41 (3) : 175, 192-196. 

—1g12a. Zur Kenntnis der indo-australischen Bryocorinen. Ofvers. finska VetenskSoc. 
Foérh, 54A (30) : 1-27. 

1913. Zur Kenntnis der Miriden, Anthocoriden und Nabiden Javas und Sumatras. 

Tijdschr. Ent. (Suppl.) 56 : too—187. 

— 1914. Die Miriden der Athiopischen Region, Nachtrag zum ersten Teile. Acta Soc. Sci. 
Fenn. 44 (3) : 129-130. 

19144. Sauter’s Formosa-Ausbeute : Nabidae, Anthocoridae, Termatophylidae, Miridae, 

Isometopidae und Ceratocombidae (Hemiptera). Arch. Naturgesch. 80A (8) : 1-80. 

1915. Neue Orientalische Bryocorinen. Philipp. J. Sci. 10 (1) : 75-88. 

SCHOUTEDEN, H. 1935. Sahlbergiella nouveaux du Congo Belge. Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 26 

(4) : 473-476. 

1942. Le genre Lycidocoris Reut. & Popp. (Hem., Miridae). Ibid. 36 (1) : 1-4. 

1942a. Nouvelles espéces du genre Chamus Dist. (Hem., Miridae). Ibid. 36 (1) : 87-89. 
—— 1945. Note sur quelques Bryocorines d’Afrique (Hem.). Jbid. 39 (1) : 115-117. 

1946. Les Bryrocorines (Mirides) du Congo Belge. Ibid. 39 (3) : 274-298. 

SCHUMACHER, F. 1917. Neue dethiopische Bryocorinen (Hemiptera Heteroptera Miridae). 
S. B. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1917 : 447-453. 

WALKER, F. 1873. Catalogue of the Specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the 
British Museum, Part VI, p. 164. 

WESTWOOD, J. O. 1837. Descriptions of several new Species of exotic Hemipterous Insects. 
Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 2: 18-24; pl. 2, fig. 7. 


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A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 
(HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) 


ROBERT B. BENSON 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 7 
LONDON: 1962 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALINI 
(HYMENOPTERA : TENTHREDINIDAE) 


BY 


ROBERT B. BENSON | 


Pb. 333-382 ; 58 Text-figures 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 7 
LONDON: 1962 


THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is 
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments 
of the Museum, and an Historical Series. 


Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become 
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four 
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed 
within one calendar year. 


This paper is Vol. 11, No. 7 of the Entomological 
series. The abbreviated titles of periodicals cited follow 
those of the World List of Scientific Periodicals. 


© Trustees of the British Museum, 1962 


PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM 


Issued 20 February, 1962 Price Twenty Shillings 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 
(HYMENOPTERA : TENTHREDINIDAE) 


By ROBERT B. BENSON 


CONTENTS 
Page 
1. INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ; : ; ; : 335 
2. THE TAXONOMIC BACKGROUND . . : ; . ; ; 337 
3. DISTRIBUTION : : , F : ; : : : 337 
4. DISPERSAL AND SWARMING , : : é ; : q : 339 
5. Host-PLANT RELATIONSHIPS . 3 : : : ‘ : : 340 
6. Host-PLANT LIsT . ; ; : ‘ ? 340 
7. THE 9-SEGMENTED ANTENNA I IN TENTHREDINIDAE : : , ; 341 
8. TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS : : : : ‘ ‘ : : 342 
9g. REFERENCES : : ; 4 : ; : ; : 345 
10. CHECK LIST OF ATHALINI ; é , 2 F : é P 345 
11. ATHALIINI (TENTHREDININAE) : : ‘ : , é ; 347 
12. KEY TO GENERA . ; , ; ; : . : : : 349 
13. HENNEDYIA . : ; : ‘ ; : : : 349 
14. HENNEDYELLA : ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ : : , 5 351 
15. HYPSATHALIA ‘ , ‘ ‘ ‘ : : : ; 351 
16. ATHALIA . . : ‘ ‘ , : ‘ ‘ : 354 
(i) Group of pupelleviae : : : : ‘ ; ‘ ; 355 
(ii) Group of bicolor : : : : ; : ; : 356 
(iii) Group of glabricollis . : ; ; ; 3 : : 358 
(iv) Group of cordata ; ; ; : ‘ : : : 362 
(v) Group of rvosae . s : : : : : : ; 367 
(vi) Group of furvipennis . . ; z ; ; : j 372 
(vii) Group of himantopus . ; ‘ : ; : ; : 397 
(viii) Group of vollenhoveni i , ; ; é F ‘ 378 
17. SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM ATHALIINI ‘ : 380 
18. ABERRATIONAL AND OTHER NAMES HAVING No SPECIFIC STANDING ; 380 
19. INDEX TO SPECIES OF ATHALIA P , Pyaar Ae ; : , 381 
SYNOPSIS 


The Athaliini are defined as a tribe of the Tenthredininae comprising 4 genera (3 of them 
monotypic) containing in all 64 species with 10 subspecies. Of these, 1 genus, 9 species and 
3 subspecies are described as new, and many of the previously described species are reduced 
to synonymy. Keys are given to the 4 genera and the 8 species groups of Athalia as well as to 
all the species and subspecies. 

Discussions on phylogeny, dispersal and distribution in relation to host plant associations 
are included, together with a host-plant list. 


1. INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
APART from its taxonomic interest as a genus from near the base of the Tenthredinid 
stem showing some primitive features, Athalia is also interesting biogeographically 
and biologically. Its food-plant association is entirely with herbaceous plants ; 
ENTOM. II, 7. 21§ 


336 ROBERT B. BENSON 


throughout its range, which is restricted to the Old World, occur species attached 
to Cruciferae and destructive to cultivated vegetables of this family, such as 
cabbages, turnips and mustard. 

My own studies in the genus began over thirty years ago after reading Dr. Priesner’s 
paper (1928). Since then I have subjected to intensive study any material I could 
acquire ; and I have seen the Athalia in most of the European Museums and have 
examined most of the types of previous authors. ; 

The following are some of the many people I wish to thank for helping me by 
collecting and sending material, or lending me material from their private collections 
or the collections over which they had charge : 


Dr. G. Arnold (National Museum of Southern Rhodesia, Bulawayo) ; 

Drs. Basilewsky and Benoit (Musée Royale de |’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren) 
for African Athalia including the types of A. schoutedeni Forsius and 
A. truncata Enslin ; 

Dr. L. Berland (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) ; 

Dr. E. McC. Callan (Grahamstown, South Africa) ; 

Dr. Carnegie (Umtali, Southern Rhodesia) ; 

The late Dr. José Maria Dusmet y Alonso (Museo Nacional de Ciencias 
Naturales Madrid) for Spanish and Portugese Athalia including the type of 
A. bolivari ; 

Mr. K. M. Guichard (London) for very fine collections of Athalia from Ethiopia 
(1945-48) and from Turkey (1959-60) ; 

Dr. Stelfa Guiglia (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova) for the type of 
Hennedyella athaloides Forsius ; 

Mr. E. Jacot-Guillarmod (Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa) for 
his very fine collecting in Basutoland of Athalia including most of the type 
series of A. guillarmodi ; : 

Dr. F. Kiihlhorn (Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates, Miinchen) 
for lending me, among other valuable material, types of Enderlein, Enslin 
and Konow ; 

Dr. E. Leloup (Directeur, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles) 
for enabling me to study their rich collections of Athala from the Congo 
region, mainly collected by G. F. de Witte, 1933-35 ; 

The late Dr. F. Maidl (Zoologisches Museum, Wien) ; 

Dr. René Malaise (Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm) for many kindnesses 
including the loan of the Athalia material of his expedition to Burma 1933-34 ; 

Professor Dr. J. Pasteels for much help in enabling me to see collections of 
African Athalia and the gift of material collected by himself in the Congo ; 

Professor Dr. Sachtleben and the late Dr. Walther Horn (Deutsches Entomo- 
logisches Institut, Berlin) for their kindness in sending me over the years all 
Konow’s collection of Athalia, some of it more than once ; 

Dr. S. H. Skaife (Hout Bay, South Africa) for sending me the type material of 
A. pelargonit ; 

Dr. B. R. Stuckenberg (Natal Museum) ; 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 337 


Drs. K. Sato, Kichizo Takeuchi and Ichiji Togashi for gifts of Japanese Athalia ; 

Dr. Zhelochovtsev (Zoological Museum, Moscow) for lending me all the Museum’s 
material of Athalia from Asia. 

Finally I should like to thank Arthur Smith for his beautiful drawings (Text- 
figs. I-22, 44 and 56-58) and Miss J. A. Black for typing the manuscript. 


z2. THE TAXONOMIC BACKGROUND 


Despite its taxonomic and economic interest the genus Athalia has never previously 
been revised as a whole, though assuredly Konow published two separate keys, one 
to 17 African species (1908 (I)) and one to 20 Palaearctic and Oriental species 
(1908 (2)), though the two sections were not distinguished taxonomically apart 
from geography. In these keys the species were distinguished almost entirely on 
colour-pattern with a few references to pubescence and gross clypeal shape. Only 
in distinguishing A. paradoxa from A. circularis (= lineolata) is any reference made 
to the female hypopygium. Enslin (1913) included a more detailed revision of 
European Athala on the same general lines. And yet in their interpretation of 
A. lineolata they included four or five different species with distinct forms of hypo- 
pygium as shown by Priesner (1928) and Benson (1931). And later the whole of the 
large collection of African Athalia in the British Museum (Natural History) was 
named and recorded in detail by Forsius (1931) ; though in the present work dif- 
ferent criteria are used for recognizing and distinguishing species and the list pub- 
lished by Forsius is now superseded. 

In the present study the genera Hennedyia and Hennedyella are being associated 
with Athalia to form a distinct tribe of the Tenthredininae ; and a fourth genus 
Hypsathaha is being erected for the high Himalayan species heretofore known as 
Athalia przevalskyi. The genus Athalia itself is being further divided into eight 
species-groups based mainly on the form of the clypeus. 


32 DISTRIBUTION 


The general pattern of the distribution of the eight species-groups of Athalia and 
the three monotypic genera is shown in Table I. 

From this it can be seen that the two primitive genera Hennedyia and Hennedyella 
are known only from the West Mediterranean and Burma respectively and are 
probably early Tertiary relics. The high Himalayan Hypsathalia is likewise no doubt 
derived from lowland Tertiary stock, possibly the same stock that gave rise to 
Athalia nigromaculata and A. sikkimensis, which alone share with it a characteristic 
colour pattern, with a dorsal row of black spots each side of the abdomen. These 
two species form a complex related to the Jugens-complex of the rosae-group of 
Athalia. 

These two complexes are centred in the mountains of tropical South-east Asia 
where they are represented by six species, only one of which, A. Jugens, occurs in 
Europe; but most of the width of North Asia now separates the range of the 
European A. lugens lugens from the range of A. lugens proxima fringing the Pacific 
coast of East Asia from Kamtchatka to Borneo and Java. Similarly widely separated 


338 ROBERT B. BENSON 


west and east subspecies-pairs occur in A. scutellariae, A. rosae, A. liberta and A. cir- 
cularis, and not far removed from this the species-pair A. cordata and A. kashmirensis. 
It is not clear when last the now widely separated geographical ranges of these sub- 
species and species-pairs were continuous populations. It may have been during 
the Post-Glacial Climatic Optimum (Moreau, 1955) if Central Asia was at that time 
sufficiently humid for a continuous deciduous forest belt to exist between Europe 
and East Asia across Southern Siberia. The cordata-kashmirensis species-pair have 
diverged from each other more than the subspecies-pairs have and may therefore 
date from an earlier separation possibly after the last Interglacial or perhaps very 
much earlier. But now, Dr. Zhelochovtsev tells me, except for A. ahngeri, Athaha 
are absent from the steppes of Central Asia and occur only sparingly in such places 
as river valleys, swamps and mountains. 

No less than three species-groups seem to be centred now in South-east Europe 
where they presumably survived the Glacial Period in an area well known to be 
rich in Tertiary plant and animal relics. 


TABLE I.—Dzistribution of Athaliini 
(The numbers in heavy type indicate maximum concentration) 


Oe 
Europe Tropical 
Mada- W. andE. C. Temp. E. Hima- 
Total Africa gascar Medit. Medit. Europe E. Asia Asia layas 


Hennedyia . ‘ i oe — — I — —<- sae cae 
Hennedyella . Se —_ — — — — — I —_ 
Hypsathalia . : eee | ot — —_— — — — — I 
Athalia 
1. scutellariae Group . 3+1 — — —_ 2 I I — —_ 
2. bicolor Group ee. — — 2 + 2 I — — 
3. glabricollis Group 7+1 5 — I 2 I _— — — 
4. cordata Group .I0+1 3 — | 2 2 2 + — 
5. vosae Group 
(a) vosae complex a I 3 4 + 2 2 — 
(b) lugens complex \ 1314 ie -= — — 54 i. Te 84 6 — 
6. furvipennis Group 16 16 — — — — — — — 
7. himantopus Group . 1+2 1+42 — — —_ — — — — 
8. vollenhoveni Group. 6+1 6+1 — — — — — — — 
Total number of species . 61(8) 31(5) I 8(4) 14(5) 11(5) 10(3) 12(2) oO 
of Athalia(andgroups). +10 +3 +1 
-+ subspecies 
Number ofspp.ofother . 3 —_ —_ I —_— —_ — I I 
Athaliini genera 
Total spp. of Athaliini . 64 31 I 9 14 II 10 13 I 
+ subspecies +10 +3 +1 


The solitary species in Madagascar, A. malagassa, is closely related to the Eurasian 
A. rosae, likewise a pest on cultivated vegetable crucifers ; but no species of the 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 339 


vosae-group are now found in Central or Southern Africa. The presence of Palaearctic 
plants and animals in Madagascar has never been satisfactorily explained (see 
Moreau, 1952) as there is no evidence of there having been any bridge of non-tropical 
climate across the equator in Tertiary times or since. 

Thirty-one species are known from Africa in five different species-groups, three of 
which are restricted to Africa and another, the glabricollis-group, is centred there. 
This might point to Africa as being the country of origin of the whole group but 
without any fossil evidence this cannot be maintained with any certainty. 


42 DISPERSAL AND SWARMING 


The only records of sawflies seen crossing the sea and surviving the passage refer 
to Athalia rosae (see Benson, 1950). A vast cloud of this species was observed 
arriving on the east coast of England in the summer of 1782 (Newport, 1838), and 
afterwards many were found on the shore washed up by the sea, heaped up in places 
to a depth of 2 in. The species was at that time a serious pest of turnips in England 
in sequences of hot summers, but less so in sequences of cold and wet ones. Its 
importance as a pest diminished in the second half of the nineteenth century ; and 
at the beginning of the twentieth century it was virtually extinct in England, and 
had disappeared also in Scandinavia and other parts of North Europe. 

During the warm summers just before 1940 the species began to increase and 
spread north again from its centres in Southern Europe. In 1945 it reached the 
Channel Islands and crossed to England, where it spread rapidly over most of the 
Southern Counties. It also reached Southern Sweden, where I found it near Lund 
in August, 1948. And though it persisted sparingly in the freshly invaded areas for 
several years the recent sequence of mainly wet dull summers and cold dry springs 
has not favoured its survival. 

During the same period that A. vosae spread again over Southern England, 
A. bicolor also reappeared and was found plentifully. In the preceding decades this 
had been an exceptionally scarce species in Britain and it is again now. But there 
is no evidence of any immigrant swarm of this species at this time, as in A. rosae. 
Then in August, 1941 I myself observed a very vast swarm of A. cordata moving 
eastwards across country in North Devon. 

The period from about 1920 to 1950 was notable, in Britain and North-western 
Europe generally, for the increase in numbers and the spread not only of sawflies 
but of many other insects that had been in eclipse for two or three decades. These 
include the well-documented upsurge of the Comma Butterfly (Polygonia c-album 
(L.)) and the White Admiral (Limenitis camilla (L.)). One of the most remarkable 
things about these increases is that no one has been able to explain them satisfactorily. 
If such great changes in abundance and distribution can take place in modern times 
from unobserved causes, how can we estimate what might have happened during 
some of the major climatic changes known to have taken place in the Post Glacial 
Period ? How, for example, did the Climatic Optimum of Atlantic Times affect 
such species ? 


340 ROBERT B. BENSON 


5. HOST-PLANT RELATIONSHIPS 


The larval morphology of Athalia has been described in detail recently by Lorenz 
& Kraus (1957). Those species that have been studied are potentially many-brooded 
and continue producing broods throughout the year so long as the temperature and 
humidity are equable. 

It is interesting that five of the eight different groups of Athala are entirely, or, 
so far as is known, mainly associated with Cruciferae, and that four of these occur 
in Africa; and that of these four that are African three include mature cabbage 
(Brassica oleracea L.) among the plants attacked, several species such as A. himan- 
topus, A. sjoestedti and A. vollenhoveni being major pests of cabbage. Yet the 
original home of cabbage is thought to be Atlantic and Mediterranean Europe, 
the only regions where cabbage still grows wild today (Clapham, Tutin & Warburg, 
1952: 152, etc.). 

On the other hand the Eurasian species on Cruciferae will at most only eat cab- 
bages as seedlings, though species such as A. rosae, A. lugens proxima and A. japonica 
are major pests of turnip plants (Brassica rapa L.). 

It would be interesting to discover what are the native host-plants of those 
African species that are now pests on cabbage and other crucifers. | 

The recorded host-plants in the genus are listed below. All are herbaceous plants 
and mostly belong to open or partly open communities, of warm, temperate, often 
dry regions. Both the Cruciferae and Labiatae, the predominating families, are 
associated mainly with a similar type of climate. But it is necessary to emphasize 
that, apart from European species, the only host-plants recorded for the genus for 
certain are cultivated plants and mostly not themselves native to the countries 
where they are attacked by native Athalia. The host-plants of species of sawflies 
not attacking crops are still mainly unknown outside Europe. 


6. HOST-PLANT LIST 
(The species-group numbers precede the names of the Athalia spp.) 


COMPOSITAE 
Arctium lappa L.: (4) circularis. 


CRASSULACEAE 
Sedum album L. : (5) cornubtae. 


CRUCIFERAE 


Alliaria officinalis Bieb. and petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande : (5) liberta. 

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. : (5) laberta. 

Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb. : (5) rosae. 

Barbarea spp. : (5) japonica, rosae. 

Brassica napus L., nigra (L.) Koch, juncea L. and rapa L. (= campestris 
L.) : (5) japonica, malagassa, lugens infumata, lugens proxima and rosae ; (6) 
furvipennis ; and (8) sjoestedti. 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 341 


Brassica oleracea L.: (6) furvipennis; (7) himantopus; (8) sjoestedti and 
vollenhovent. 

Cardamine hirsuta L.: (5) liberta. 

Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) D.C. : (3) glabricollis. 

Erysimum cheiranthoides L. : (3) glabricollis. 

Lepidium sativum L. : (5) lugens proxima ; (8) ? schweinfurthi. 

Nasturtium spp. : (7) himantopus. 

Raphanus raphanistrum L.: (3) glabricollis; (5) japonica, lugens proxima, 
malagassa and rosae. 

Rorippa amphibia (L.) Bess. : (5) rosae. 

Sinapis alba L., and arvensis L.: (3) glabricollis ; (5) japonica, liberta and rosae. 

Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., etc. : (3) glabricollis ; (5) liberta and rosae. 


LABIATAE 


Ajuga reptans L.: (4) cordata. 

Coleus barbatus Bentham : (6) ?mellis. 

Glechoma hederacea L. : (4) circularis. 

Salvia: (6) ?mellis. 

Scutellaria gallericulata L. and minor L. : (1) scutellariae. 


PLANTAGINACEAE 
Plantago spp. : (4) cordata. 
RANUNCULACEAE 
Ranunculus spp. : (2) ?bicolor. 
SCROPHULARIACEAE 


Antirrhinum orontium L. : (4) cordata. 
Veronica spp. : (4) circularis. 


7. THE 9-SEGMENTED ANTENNA IN TENTHREDINIDAE 

One of the characters distinguishing the Tenthredinidae from the other families 
of the Tenthredinoidea is that the antenna is normally 9-segmented in all its 
three main subfamilies: Selandriinae, Tenthredininae and Nematinae. 

This character must therefore have become established, at least potentially, and 
correlated with other Tenthredinid characters before the original stock diverged 
into these three main subfamilies, as it is unlikely to have arisen entirely inde- 
pendently in each line of them. Any departures from this number of antennal 
segments would seem to be due either to direct descent from pre-g-segmented stock 
or to the break-down of the close correlation between the 9-segmented antenna and 
the other Tenthredinid characters. The following Tenthredinidae have less or more 
than 9 segments to the antenna, but appear to be closely related to forms having 
normal g-segmented antennae and would seem to have been descended from such 
stock: Heptamelini (7-8) and Dulophanini (10-++) of Selandrinae ; Cladiuchini 


342 ROBERT B. BENSON 


(Cladiucha c. 23), Fenusini (9-12), and certain Tenthredo (8-7) of Tenthredinini of 
Tenthredininae ; and Decanematus (10) of Nematini of Nematinae. 

On the other hand the Heterarthrini (10-15) and Athaliini (10-21) do not seem 
to be related to any g-segmented stock and are probably descended directly from stock 
in which the number of antennal segments had not become fixed and correlated with 
other characters. 

The antennae of the Athaliini are further discussed in section 8 (c) below. 


8. TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS 


Most of the characters used below in the taxonomic part are adequately explained 
there but a few supplementary generalizations are included here. All the parts of 
the insects figured are orientated, when in dorsal or ventral view, on the assumption 
that the insect had its head at the top of the page and apex of the abdomen at the 
bottom, or when in lateral view it is always the left side as though the head were 
to the left of the page. 


(a) Colour-pattern 


The significance of the Athaliine colour-pattern—black head and thorax, yellow 
abdomen and yellow legs with black rings at the joints—is not known but it is a 
common sawfly colour-pattern occurring in most of the tribes and subfamilies of 
most of the families as well of course in many other orders of insects. 

There are several parallel variations of this general colour-pattern in Athalia. 
There are, for example, the dark-winged forms that occur in warm humid regions 
such as the mountains of tropical Africa, the Eastern Himalayas and Japan. In the 
Himalayas this infuscation has become characteristic of two complexes of the vosae- 
group centred there; the dugens- and the migromaculata-complexes. Of these the 
species A. lugens has spread to Western Europe. 

Between the West/East Eurasian species-pairs A. cordata and A. kashmirensis 
the main differences are the heavily infuscated wings and legs of the latter. In the 
African vollenhoveni-group, however, the tibiae and tarsomeres can vary from being 
yellow with black apical rings to being entirely suffused with black in the self same 
species, e.g. A. segregis ; but it is not known whether these differences are related 
to dry and wet seasons or any other simple climatic effects. 

All the five species-groups occurring in Africa, whether restricted to Africa or not, 
consist predominantly in species with the pronotum and tegulae entirely black, a 
pattern occurring in only a few species of two groups in Eurasia: the bicolor-group 
and the lugens-complex of the vosae-group. 

Several Eurasian species or species-complexes of different groups have a black 
mesonotum becoming progressively more marked with reddish-yellow towards the 
East and South-east of Asia, e.g.: A. scutellariae scutellariae and A. scutellariae 
flammula ; A. lugens lugens and A. lugens proxima ; A. cordata and A. kashmirensis. 
In Africa, species with a yellow-marked mesonotum occur in the drier parts such as 
Somaliland, Sudan and South-West Africa, as well as in the hot coastal belt of the 
Indian Ocean. 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 343 


The differences in pattern between the front, middle and hind pairs of legs are 
sometimes valuable taxonomic characters. I have, for example, examined thousands 
of specimens of A. cordata and A. circularis and have confirmed that the former 
invariably have dark-ringed front tibiae and that in the latter the tibiae are at the 
very most slightly brownish-tipped. In contrast to this the colour-pattern of the 
underthorax can often show a wide range; in A. circularis this can be entirely 
yellow, yellow with a dark sterno-pleural line more or less developed, to entirely 
black. 


(b) Clypeus 

The most obvious and therefore practicable characters for distinguishing genera 
and species of Athalia are in the head, and in the head the clypeus shows the greatest 
range of useful characters. These are illustrated in Text-figs. 8-20. The curious 


asymmetrical clypeus in the African furvipennis-group (Text-fig. 17) is less evident 
in those species in which the clypeus is elongate (Text-figs. 15-16). 


(c) Antenna 


As mentioned in Section 7, the Athaliini appear to have been descended from 
ancestors with multisegmented antenna and not from the stock from which the 
three main subfamilies of Tenthredinidae arose, with 9-segmented antennae. The 
Athaliini also show a progressive reduction in antennal segments from the 18-21 of 
Hennedyia and Hennedyella to the 10-13 of Hypsathalia and Athalia. In the 3 
Hennedyia and 2 Hennedyella ($ unknown) the antenna tapers from base to apex 
and the apical segments are longer than broad; contraction has not yet begun. 
In 9 Hennedyra and in Athalia there is a progressive contraction of the antenna with 
a shortening and fusion of the apical segments to form a small club (cf. Text-figs. 3-7). 

The shortening of the antenna has progressed furthest in some of the Mediterranean 
and steppe species of the glabricollis- and bicolor-groups and is correlated with a 
shortening of the tibial spurs. 

In the bicolor-group the antennae are placed much further apart than in the other 
groups and closer to the eyes (cf. Text-fig. 10). But because of the sexual differences 
in the size of the eyes the distance between the antennal sockets is better measured 
in relation to the transverse diameter of a socket. The distance between the sockets 
has also been used as a standard with which to compare the length of the malar 
space (see Section 8 (e), below) in closely-related species. 


(d) Labium 

Long-tongued species occur in three different groups of Athalia. The length of 
the tongue is a good specific character, but does not necessarily show phylogenetic 
relationships between species. It presumably indicates a habit of feeding from 
flowers, perhaps Labiatae, with deep-set nectaries. For practical purposes the 
measure used in the keys has been the length of the prelabium (i.e. the labium with- 
out its reflexed basal portion) compared to the greatest measure of a compound eye ; 
this ratio will show slight sexual differences because males have comparatively larger 
eyes than females (Text-figs. 21-22). 


ENTOM, II, 7. 21§§ 


344 ROBERT B. BENSON 


(e) Malar Space 


The malar space, or shortest distance between the base of the mandible and the 
edge of the nearest compound eye, is a useful character for distinguishing especially 
the females of certain closely-related species of Athalia (Text-figs. 8-20). The 
character is usually measured in relation to some other part of the insect not cor- 
related with it in size. The distance between the antennal sockets has been used 
frequently for comparison with the longer malar spaces, but in the males with their 
almost linear malar spaces the length is measured in terms of diameters of compound 
eye facets (Text-figs. 14 and 16). 


(f) Pubescence 


Pubescence in Athalia shows differences in the quality of the pile or in its distri- 
bution. In the dicolor-group, for example, the head above and the thorax are uni- 
formly covered with a fine, dense, close pile which distinguishes the group from all 
others. Several species are characterized by the presence of glabrous areas such as 
on the clypeus in A. cordata and A. kashmirensis, and on the mesonotal lobes in several 
of the glabricollis-group. In A. himantopus a glabrous patch each side of the meso- 
sternum is present only in the female in the Ethiopian and tropical African races, 
but is absent in all the males and in the female of the South African race. 


(g) Male Genitalia 


Studies in the male genitalia show slight but evident differences between species 
in the form of the penis-valves. In those so far studied the differences are not of 
much value because they are vastly inferior to gross external differences between the 
species concerned. 


(h) Female Hypopygium 


The range in the form of the female hypopygia is shown in Text-figs. 24-43. These 
figures were mainly drawn from dissections and it should be pointed out that in 
dried undissected specimens the form of the hypopygium is often much distorted 
and partly covered by the surrounding sclerites. 


(i) Female Saw 


A few closely-related species can be readily told from each other by gross differences 
in the shape of the lower marginal teeth. The range is depicted in Text-figs. 44-55. 
The prominent, sharply pointed type of tooth which I have referred to as “‘ dog 
teeth ’’ occur in ten species of three different species-groups (Text-figs. 52-55) ; they 
do not necessarily indicate close relationship and any special significance they may 
have in oviposition has not been investigated. 


(j) Tibsal Spurs 
Very short tibial spurs are characteristic of the bicolor- and glabricollis-groups (cf. 
Text-figs. 56 and 57), and are associated with short antennae. Exceptionally long 


A KREVISTON OF THE ATHALIINI 345 


spurs occur in A. armata of the furvipennis-group (Text-fig. 58). The inner and outer 
spur of the front, middle and hind legs of male and female can each be of a different 
length : the inner spur of the hind tibia is therefore taken as the standard spur for 
comparison between species. 


9. REFERENCES 


Benson, R. B. 1931 (1). Notes on the British Sawflies of the genus Athalia (Hymenoptera, 
Tenthredinidae), with the description of a new species. Ent. mon. Mag. 67 : 104-114. 

1931 (2). Notes on the habits and the occurrences of Athalia species in Britain. Ibid. 
134-137. 

1950. An introduction to the Natural History of British Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). 
Trans. Soc. Brit. Ent. 10 (2) : 45-142. 

1952. Handbks. Ident. Brit. Ins. London 6 (2b) : 80-83. 

CLAPHAM, A. R., TuTIn, T. G. & WaRBURG, F. F. 1952. Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge. 

ENnsLIN, E. 1913. Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas. Désch. ent. Z. Beiheft., 1913 : 188-194. 

Forsius, R. 1913. Notes on a Collection of Ethiopian Oryssoidea and Tenthredinoidea (Insecta 
Hymenoptera). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 8 : 1-36 (6-11 and 21-4). 

Konow, F. W. 1908 (1). Ueber die bisher bekannten Athalia Arten Afrikas (Hym.). Z. syst. 
Hym. Dipt. 8 : 164-169. 

1908 (2). Ueber die Ausbeute der Expeditionen der Kaiserlich Russischen Geographischen 
Gesellschaft an Blattwespen aus Tibet, 1893-1895 and 1899-1901. Annu. Mus. zool. Acad. 
St. Pétersb. 13 : 10-12. 

Lorenz, H. & Kraus, M. 1957. Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen. Abh. Larvalsyst. Insekt. 
1 : 88-91. 

Moreau, R. E. 1952. Africa since the Mesozoic : with particular reference to certain biological 

problems. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 121 : 869-913. 

1955. Ecological changes in the Palaearctic Region since the Pliocene. Proc. zool. Soc. 
Lond. 125 : 253-295. 

NEwportT, G. 1838. Observations on the anatomy, habits and economy of Athalia centifoliae 
. The Prize Essay of the Entomological Society and Agricultural Association of Saffron 
Walden for the year 1837, London. 
PRIESNER, H. 1928. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Athalia (Hym., Tenthr.), Ent. Mitt. 
17 : 282-285 and 379. 


1o. CHECK LIST OF SPECIES OF ATHALIINI 


Hennedyia annulitarsis Cameron, Gibraltar. 
Hennedyella athaloides Forsius, Burma. 
Hypsathalia przevalskyi (Jakovlev) Himalayas and Tiber. 
Athalia (Group of scutellariae) : 
A. scutellariae scutellariae Cameron, Europe (= galericulatae Kontuniemi). 
A. scutellariae flammula Zhelochovtsev, East Asia. 
A. cuspidata Benson, Palestine. 
A. dimidiata Konow, Asia Minor. 
Athalia (Group of bicolor) : 
A. bicolor Lepeletier, Western Palaearctic (= annulata Fabricius, richardi 
Lep.). 
A. rufoscutellata Mocsary, Western Palaearctic (= maritima Kirby). 
A. maculata Mocsary, Western Palaearctic. 
A. paveli Mocsary, Western Palaearctic. 


346 ROBERT B. BENSON 


A. decorata Konow, Eastern Asia. 
Athalia (Group of glabricollis) : 
A. abyssinica Forsius, East Africa. 
A. incomta Konow Central and South Africa (= bicolor Sauss, laevigata 
Mocsary). 
. nigriceps Konow, Sudan, etc. 
. brevicornis Benson, South Africa. 
. glabricollis glabricollis Thomson, West and Central Europe. 
. glabricollis meridiana Benson, Eastern Mediterranean. 
. turnert Forsius, South-West Africa. 
. zanzibarica Forsius, East African Coast. 
. ahngert Kujev, South-western Asia. 
Athalia (Group of cordata) : 
. ciycularis circularis Fabricius, Western Palaearctic (= lineolata Lepele- 
tier ; bolivari Dusmet, cordatoides Kontuniemi, longifoliae Kontuniemi). 
. ciycularis melanoptera Benson, Eastern Palaearctic. 
. xantha Benson, Africa. 
. sctoensis Gribodo, Africa (= fumosa Gribodo). 
. concors Konow, Africa (= similis Mocsary, erythraspides Enslin). 
. hummeli Benson, China. 
. picta Benson, China. 
. indiana Benson, India. 
. cordata Lepeletier, Western Palaearctic (= blanchardi Brullé). 
. kashmirensis (Benson), East Asia (= veronicae Takeuchi). 
Athalia (Group of rosae) : 
A. antennata Cameron, India. 
A. rosae rosae (L.) Western Palaearctic (= colibri Christ, spbinarum Fabri- 
cius, & centifoliae Panzer). 
A. rosae ruficornis (Jakovlev), East Asia (= leucostoma Cameron, japanensis 
Rohwer). 
A. malagassa Saussure, Madagascar. 
A. paradoxa Konow, Central Europe. 
. cornubiae Benson, Western Palaearctic. 
A. lberta liberta (Klug), Western Palaearctic (= ancilla Lepeletier). 
A. liberti yanoi Takeuchi, Eastern Palaearctic. 
A. stkkimensis (Benson), North India. 
A 
A 


m wwe aR Pw 


SS 


AeA ARRAR PW 


nN 


. nigromaculata Cameron, North India. 
. japonica (Klug), East Asia (= nigrinotum Matsumura & novittata 
Kokujev). 

A. lugens lugens (Klug), Western Palaearctic. 

A. lugens infumata (Marlatt) Japan. 

A. lugens proxima (Klug), East Asia (= tibialis Cameron, orientalis Cam., 
funebris Forsius, kuroiwae Matsumara & Uchida, camtschatica Forsius 
and ¢ristis Forsius). 

A. birmanica Benson, Burma. 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 347 


A. kansuensis (Benson), China. 
A. scapulata Konow, Oriental. 
Athalia (Group of furvipennis) : 
. schoutedeni Forsius, Central Africa. 
. dulcis Benson, Central Africa. 
. dissona Konow, Central Africa. 
. Limpopo Benson, South-east Africa. 
. pullicoma Konow, Africa. 
. clavata Konow, Africa. 
. mellis Benson, Africa. 
. pluto Benson. 
. ustipennis Mocsary, Africa (= mashonensis Enslin). 
. cerberus Benson, Central Africa. 
. furvipennis Mocsary, Africa (= flacca Konow). 
. umbrosa Benson, East Africa. 
. armata Benson, Central Africa. 
. nigripes Enslin, Central Africa. 
. asbolos Benson, Central Africa. 
A. pulla Benson, Central Africa. 
Athalia (Group of himantopus) : 
A. himantopus truncata (Enslin), Central and East Africa. 
A. himantopus obsoleta Benson, Ethiopia. 
A. himantopus himantopus Konow, South Africa. 
Athalia (Group of vollenhovent) : 
A. guillarmodi Benson, South Africa. 
A. sjoestedtt Konow, Central and East Africa (= infumata Mocsary & mar- 
ginipennis Enderlein). 
A. vollenhoveni Gribodo, East Africa. 
A. segregis Konow, Central and East Africa (= melanopoda Enslin). 
A. fuscata Benson, East Africa. 
A. schweinfurthi schweinfurtht Konow, Arabia and Ethiopia. 
A. schweinfurthi atripennis Benson, East Africa. 


BeBe RAR ADA A DP 


11. ATHALIINI (TENTHREDININAE) 


Antenna with 10 or more segments ; flagellum subclavate (except in Hennedyella 
and the ¢ of Hennedyia) with the subapical segments broader than long. Head 
without post-genal carina. Eyes + converging in front (except in Hypsathalia) ; 
more strongly in § than Q (except ? in Hennedyia). Mesepisternum (Text-fig. 1) 
with upper half convex and rounded; mesopleural suture Z-shaped. Wings of 
generalized Tenthredinid type (Text-fig. 2): C and Sc +R in fore wing are so 
swollen as almost to obliterate cell C ; M arises from Rs + M after the latter has 
left Sc-+ R (except in Hennedyia) ; anal cell complete with oblique cross-vein ; 
hind wing with 2 enclosed medial cells. Inner front tibial spur simple. Length 
5-8-5 mm. 


348 ROBERT B. BENSON 


Colour pattern characteristically with yellow body, and head and mesonotum 
mainly black, legs normally yellow with tibia and tarsi black-ringed apically, though 
the black may disappear from the front and middle legs, or spread so as to suffuse 
all the legs. 


Fic. 1. Left lateral view of thorax of Athalia sjoestedti. 


> Rs+M 


aera t 


Arthur Smith del, 


Fic. 2. Right pair of wings of Athalia sjoestedti. 


Wings are often + infuscate apically (Text-fig. 2) or all over ; and the stigma and 
most of the venation are piceous. 

This tribe is divided into four genera (three monotypic and the other with 61 
species and 10 subspecies). They are distributed over most of Africa, Europe and 
Asia. The larvae, so far as is known, are attached to herbaceous dicotyledonous 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 349 


flowering plants and include several that are destructive to cultivated Cruciferae 
throughout their range. 

The correlation of two primitive characters [(1) the antenna being more than 
g-segmented and (2) the origin of M in the fore wing usually from Rs + M after 
the latter has left Sc + R] with a unique form of mesopleura justifies the treatment 
of this group of genera as forming at least a distinct tribe of the Tenthredininae, 
and possibly as a distinct subfamily. 

An asterisk * before a species-name below indicates that the author has examined 
the type of it during these studies. 


12. KEY TO GENERA 


I Antenna 18- to 21-segmented, with the flagellum either subclavate (Text-fig. 6) 
or tapering from base (Text-fig. 7), and with the two basal segments either 
transverse or longer than broad. Tarsal claws with small inner tooth. Clypeus 
subtruncate, scarcely longer medially than distance between antennal sockets 2 
- Antennae 1o- to 13-segmented, with the flagellum subclavate, and with the two 
basal segments longer than broad (Text-figs. 3-5). Tarsal claws simple or with 
inner tooth. Clypeus emarginate, subtruncate or produced in front, often 
longer medially than distance between antennal sockets , : ‘ 3 
2 (1) Antenna 20- or 21-segmented with two basal segments transverse ; flagellum 
tapering apically in ¢ (Text-fig. 7), but subclavate in 9, with segments beyond 
12th transverse (Text-fig. 6). M of fore wing joins Rs + M after the latter 
has left Sc + R. 
One species, H. annulitaysis Cameron, from Gibraltar HENNEDYIA Cameron 
- Antenna 18-segmented with two basal segments longer than broad and flagellum 
in 9 tapering from base. M of fore wing joins Sc + R slightly before the origin 
of Rs + M. 
One species, H. athaloides Forsius, from Burma . HENNEDYELLA Forsius 
3 (1) Eyes converge noticeably in front where they are at most scarcely further apart 
than the length of an eye in 9 (Text-figs. 9-13, 15 and 16, 18-20) and in ¢ 
(Text-figs. 14 and 17) usually much closer than the length of aneye; and 
their lower margins are far below the antennal sockets. Malar space at its 
most not longer than distance between antennal sockets. 
61 spp. + 10 subspp. Africa, Europe and Asia . 3 . ATHALIA Leach 
- Eyes subparallel and small so that they are only about two-thirds as long as 
their distance apart in front (Text-fig. 8) ; and their lower margins are almost 
in a straight line with the lower margin of the antennal sockets. Malar space 
longer than distance between antennal sockets. Mandibles stout so that their 
medial breadth is about the same as the basal breadth of the labrum. 
One species, Athalia przevalskyi Jakovlev, from the mountains of Central 
Asia ‘ é ; : ; , . ‘ HYPSATHALIA gen. nov. 


13. Genus HENNEDYIA Cameron 
Cameron, P., 1891, Mem. & Proc. Manchester Lit. Phil. Soc. 4 (4) : 9. Monotypic. 


H. annulitarsis Cameron 
*Hennedyia annulitarsis Cameron, P., 1891, loc. cit. 


Head and thorax black except for mouthparts, clypeus, pronotum, and tegulae 
which are brown, and the legs which are brown, apart from the black apices of the 


350 ROBERT B. BENSON 


hind tibiae and apices of all the tarsomeres. Wings slightly infuscate ; cu—a of 
fore wing received on cell 1M much closer to vein M than to r1m—cu. Head with 
hind ocelli further apart than from back of head; POL : OOL as 1-0: 0-75. Thorax 
uniformly pubescent. Sawsheath as long as the two basal tarsomeres and half the 
3rd. 2° hypopygium entire behind. Saw as in Text-fig. 50. Length 5 mm. 


3 4 
brev. glab. 


Q ann. 


E 
roe ann. 


Arthur Smith del. 


Fics. 3-7. Left side of antenna in: 3, Athalia brevicornis 2; 4, A. glabricollis 9° ; 
5, A. lugens 9; 6, Hennedyia annulitarsis 9; 7, H. annulitarsis 3. 


In addition to the unique male type of this species collected near Gibraltar! by 
J. J. Walker and now in the British Museum, I have found in the Bavarian State 
Collections, Munich, one female which may belong to the same species. Unfortu- 
nately it has no locality label unless the four-pointed pink star on its pin has some 

1 According to his diaries now belonging to the Royal Entomological Society, London, Commander 


J. J. Walker collected numerous insects, mainly Coleoptera but also Hymenoptera, near Gibraltar when 
he was stationed there in H.M.S. Grappler from October, 1886 to April, 1889. 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 351 


such significance unknown to Dr. Kiihlhorn. Apart from sexual differences the male 
and female differ as follows : 


§ Antenna 21-segmented, tapering from base to apex with no flagellar segment 
transverse (Text-fig. 6). Malar space almost one-third (0-3 : 1-0) distance 
between antennal sockets. 

2 Antenna 20-segmented with flagellum subclavate, the segments beyond the 
12th being transverse (Text-fig. 7). Malar space only about as long as 
the diameter of one eye facet. 


This kind of antennal difference between the sexes is not unusual in Hymenoptera, 
but, apart from the picta group of Rhogogaster, I am unaware of any other sawfly 
in which the male malar space exceeds that of the female. It seems not unlikely 
therefore that this male and this female may belong to different species. 


14. Genus HENNEDYELLA Forsius 
Forsius, R., 1935, Notul. ent. Helsingf. 15: 57-59. Monotypic. 


H. athaloides Forsius 
*Hennedyella athaloides Forsius, R., 1935, loc. cit. 


Yellow with the following parts black : antenna, head above clypeus, mesonotum 
except on the sloping sides and in the sutures which are + yellow, raised part of 
metanotum, convex upper part of mesepimeron, tibiae and tarsi of all legs. Wings 
subhyaline ; front half of stigma black, rest of venation piceous to brown. Vein 
cu-a of fore wing received in middle of cell 1M ; hind ocelli closer together than 
from back of head ; POL: OOL as 1-0: 1-5. Thorax uniformly pubescent. Hypo- 
pygium entire behind. Sawsheath only as long as hind metatarsus. Length 6-5 mm. 

Only known from the unique type specimen in Gribodo’s collection in the Museo 
Civico di Genova labelled ‘“‘ Pulu Laut, Borneo ’’, but, according to Forsius, really 
from Burma. 


15. Genus HYPSATHALIA nov. 


Very broad species. Antennae I0-II segmented, only about as long as width of 
head behind eyes, segments beyond 6th transverse. Eyes subparallel in front and 
very small so that they are only about two-thirds as long as their distance apart in 
front. Lower margin of eyes and antennal sockets almost in a straight line. Malar 
space longer than distance between antennal sockets. Mandibles stout so that their 
medial breadth is about the same as the basal breadth of the labrum (Text-fig. 8). 
Clypeus slightly produced medially. Fore wing with M and 1m-cu converging 
towards stigma ; cu—a received on cell 1M at about one-third from its base. Tibial 
spurs long and unmodified ; the inner spur on the hind tibia longer than the apical 
breadth of the tibia. Length 5-6 mm. Mountains of C. Asia. 

Type species Athalia przevalskyi Jakovlev. 


ENTOM. II, 7. 21§§§ 


352 ROBERT B. BENSON 


Arthur Smith del. 


Fics. 8-20. Face without antennae in: 8, Hypsathalia przewalskyi 2; 9, Athalia 
cordata 2; 10, A. bicolor 2; 11, A. incomta 2; 12, A. glabricollis 2; 13, A. rosea Q; 
14, A. vosae 3; 15, A. mellis 2; 16, A. mellis 9; 17, A. furvipennis 3; 18, A. himan- 
topus 9; 19, A. vollenhoveni 2; 20, A. schweinfurthi Q. 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 353 


354 ROBERT B. BENSON 


H. przevalskyi (Jakovlev) 
Athalia przevalskvi Jakovlev, A., 1887, Hovae Soc. ent. ross. 21 : 16. 


Head black above and yellow below antennae. Pronotum and mesonotum yellow 
with a black fleck in the middle of the front lobes and on the side of each lateral lobe. 
Metanotum and underthorax black except for the centre of the mesosternum. Wings 
subinfuscate ; stigma and venation black. Legs yellow with black coxae and apices 
of all tibiae and tarsomeres. Abdomen yellow except for the following which are 
black: 1st, 2nd and +3rd tergite entirely and a fleck on each lateral edge of the 
4th-7th tergites and the sawsheath. 2 hypopygium (Text-fig. 31). Saw with shallow 
teeth (cf. Text-fig. 45). 

Mountain tundra of Central Asia, 14,000-16,000 ft.: Amne-Machen Shan 
(Burkham-Budda) in Tsinghai, W. China; and Himalayas in Tibet, India and 
Kashmir. 


16. Genus ATHALIA Leach 


Athalia Leach, W., 1817, Zool. Misc. 3: 128. Type species: (Tenthredo spinarum Fabricius) 
= Tenthredo rosae L. 

Dentathalia Benson, R. B., 1931, Ent. mon. Mag. 67: 111. Type species: Athalia scutellariae 
Cameron. 


Tarsal claws simple é 2 
- Tarsal claws with inner tooth in addition to end tooth. Clypeus with sinuate 
front margin. 
Three spp. Eurasia (Labiatae) ‘ F i. Group of scutellariae 
2 (1) Tibial spurs very short (inner hind spur at most less than three-quarters apical 
width of tibia) (Text-fig. 57). Antenna with 7th or even 6th segment broader 
than long (Text-figs. 3 and 4), and often with distance between antennal sockets 
in 2 greater than diameter of a socket (Text-fig. 10) . 3 
~ Tibial spurs longer (inner hind spur at least as long as apical width of tibia) 
(Text-figs. 56 and 58). Antenna with only 8th or 9th and following segments 
broader than long (Text-fig. 5). Distance between antennal sockets usually 
less than diameter of socket (Text-figs. 13-20) . 4 
3 (2) Antennae set far apart so that the distance between the sockets is greater than 
the diameter of a socket (Text-fig. 10). Front margin of clypeus each side with 
an angle that separates off a lateral margin more than half as long as diameter 
of antennal socket. 
Five Eurasian spp. ‘ ; ii. Group of bicolor 
~ Antennae closer together so that ‘the distance between the sockets is less than 
the diameter of a socket (Text-figs. 11 and 12). Clypeus not angled each side 
or the angle is so close to the anterior mandibular articulation that the lateral 
portion of the clypeus is not more than half diameter of an antennal socket. 
Two W. Palaearctic and 5 African species (Cruciferae) iii. Group of glabricollis 
4 (2) Clypeus longer medially than distance between antennal sockets, and angled, 


rounded, or subtruncate in front (Text-figs. 13-17) . 5 
~ Clypeus shorter medially than distance between antennal sockéts and excised. 
emarginate, or truncate in front (Text-figs. 18-20) ‘ vi 


5 (4) Clypeal front margin not angled each side or the angle is so close to the mandi- 
bular articulation that the lateral part of the front margin is shorter than half 
the diameter of an antennal socket (Text-figs. 13-17) . , ' : : 6 


6 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 355 


Front margin of clypeus each side with an angle that separates off (between the 
angle and the mandibular articulation) a lateral margin more than half as long 
as the diameter of an antennal socket (Text-fig. 9). 
Six Eurasian and 3 African species (Labiatae, Scrophulariaceae, etc.) 
iv. Group of cordata 
Clypeus almost symmetrical and only slightly rounded in front (Text-figs. 13 
and 14). Prelabium always shorter than greatest measure of eye (Text-fig. 21). 
Pronotum pale except in 3 dark-legged species from SE. Asia (which have 
very slender antennae with the flagellum no broader than the 2nd segment). 
Dealt with in two sections: (a) lugens-nigromaculata with 7 spp.; and (b) 
vosae-liberta with 6 spp. 
Twelve Eurasian species and one in Madagascar (Cruciferae and Crassulaceae) 
v. Group of rosae 
Clypeus clearly asymmetrical (Text-fig. 17) or + angularly produced medially in 
front (Text-figs. 15 and 16). Prelabium often as long or longer than greatest 
measure of eye (Text-fig. 22). Pronotum often black but then flagellum broader 
than 2nd antennal segment. Dealt with in three complexes: (a) dissona 
with 4 spp. ; (b) furvipennis with 8 spp. ; and (c) nigripes with 4 spp. Sixteen 
African species (Cruciferae and ? Labiatae) : : vi. Group of furvipennis 
Clypeus very short and truncate in front or very slightly emarginate (Text-fig. 
18). 


One African species (Cruciferae) - . vii. Group of himantopus 
Clypeus excised medially in front (Text-figs. 19 and 20). 
Six African species (Cruciferae) : : 7 . viii. Group of vollenhoveni 


(i) Group of scutellariae 


Clypeus with symmetrically sinuate front margin, not angled laterally. Prelabium 


shorter than greatest measure of an eye. Tibial spurs long (inner hind spur at least 
as long as apical width of tibia). 9 hypopygium scarcely emarginate behind. Claws 
with inner tooth. On Labiatae (Scutellaria). 


I 


(1) 


Mesosternum yellow. Mesonotum densely pubescent all over. Tibial spur 
normal (inner hind tibial spur more than three-quarters as long as apical 
breadth of tibia and about five times as long as broad). Saw with less prominent 
teeth (Text-fig. 51). 

[Antenna with only segments 8 or 9 onwards transverse]. 2 

Underthorax with at least mesosternum black. Mesonotum apaiaels. pubescent 
and subglabrous behind. Tibial spur very stout and short (inner hind tibial 
spur only about three times longer than broad and two-thirds as long as apical 


breadth of hind tibia). Saw with very prominent teeth (Text-fig. 52) . ; 3 
Pro- and mesothorax entirely yellow. 5-5:5 mm. 
[East Siberia] i . 62 scutellariae flammula (Zhelochovtsev) 


Mesonotum at least partly black (in the darkest forms entirely black; in the 
lightest forms with the scutellum and sides of front and lateral lobes yellow) ‘ 
and on the underthorax the mesepimeron may be +black. 4:5-6 mm. 
[Larvae on Scutellaria galericulata L., and minor L. Europe and West Asia 
(Fergan Mountains, Kirghiz)] : : $¢ scutellariae scutellariae Cameron 
Antenna with 6th and following segments broader than long. Thorax including 
tegula yellow with black flecks on the fore lobes and posteriorly on the lateral 
mesonotal lobes, the mesosternum, + mesepimeron and + the metanotum ; 
Ist tergite with only a medial black fleck. 6-7 mm. 
[Palestine] . ‘ . ' ‘ : ; . . 69 cuspidata Benson 


356 ROBERT B. BENSON 


- Antenna with only 9th and following segments broader than long. Thorax 
entirely black together with tegula and Ist er 5-6 mm. 
[Transcaucasia] . ; : ; ‘ ‘ . 62 dimidiata Konow 


Athalia scutellariae scutellariae Cameron 


* Athalia scutellariae Cameron, P., 1880, Ent. mon, Mag. 17: 66. 

Dentathalia scutellariae (Cameron) Benson, R. B., 1931, Ent. mon Mag. 67 : 1 

*Dentathalia galericulatae Kontuniemi, T., 1951, Acta ent. fenn. 9: 44. 

Athalia scutellariae scutellariae Cameron, Benson, 1954, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 3 
(7) : 278. 

Larva: Lorenz, H. & Kraus, M., 1957, Abh. Larvalsyst. Insekt. 1 : 89. 


Athalia scutellariae flammula Zhelochovtsev 


Athalia flammula Zhelochovtsev, 1927, Ent. Mitt. 16 : 82. 
Athalia scutellariae flammula Zhelochovtsev, Benson, 1954, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 


3 (7) : 278. 


Athalia cuspidata Benson 


*Athalia cuspidata Benson, 1954, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent. 3 (7) : 277-278. 


Athalia dimidiata Konow 


*Athalia dimidiata Konow, 1891, Wien. ent. Zig. 10: 42. 


(ii) Group of bicolor 


Front margin of clypeus each side with an angle that separates off a lateral margin 
more than half as long as the diameter of an antennal socket (Text-fig. 10). Antenna 
with 7th or even 6th and following segments broader than long (cf. Text-fig. 4). 
Prelabium longer than greatest measure of an eye (Text-fig. 22). Antennal sockets 
further apart than diameter of a socket (Text-fig. 10). Head and thorax with dense 
short pile. Tibial spurs short (inner hind tibial spur not more than two-thirds apical 
width of tibia) (Text-fig. 57). Claws simple. Hypopygium of 9 at most slightly 
emarginate each side of middle (Text-fig. 32). 


I Clypeus truncate in front and medially about as ee as the distance between 

the antennal sockets . 2 
~— °  Clypeus produced in front and medially ‘at least one e and ; a quarter times a as long 

as the distance between the antennal sockets (Text-fig. 10). 

[Prelabium longer than greatest measure of eye. 1st tergite black and most of 
thorax (except tegula and in 2 also + prothorax which are yellow). Head and 
thorax dull with very fine sculpture and pubescence brownish on mesonotum. 

Inner hind tibial spur only about half as long as apical width of tibia (Text- 

fig. 57). Saw as in Text-fig. 51. 5-7 mm. Adults at flowers of Ranunculus 

(? foodplant). Europe, Mediterranean, Asia Minor, Transcaucasia to Turk- 

men Republic . , ‘ . 2 bicolor Lepeletier 
2 (1) Thorax including tegula black. Prelabiuin longer than greatest measure of eye 3 
- Thorax with at least edge of pronotum and apex of pronotum and apex of tegula 

yellow. Prelabium longer or shorter thaneye . . ‘ ; : ; 4 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 357 


3 (2) Antenna only with 7th segment onwards broader than long and the 8th is only 
about one and a half times as broad as long. Saw as in Text-fig. 46. 5-6 mm. 
[Hungary and South-East Europe, Asia Minor and Transcaucasia] 
32 maculata Mocsary 
~ Antenna strongly clubbed with 5th segment onwards broader than long and the 
8th is about twice as broad as long. Saw as in Text-fig. 51. 5-6 mm. 
[Asia Minor] ; ‘ , ; : : : ; 3¢ paveli Mocsary 


a 


Arthur Smith del. 


Fics. 21-22. Head in left posteriolateral view to show length of tongue (prelabium) 
compared to length of eye in: 21, Athalia rosae 9; 22, A. glabricollis 9. 
Fic. 23. Apex of abdomen below to show position of hypopygium (last ventral sternite) 
in Athalia rosae 9. 


4 (2) Mesonotum with at least lateral lobes entirely yellow. Middle tibia + darkened 
apically. Saw as in Text-fig. 51. 5-6 mm. 
[East Siberia (Irkutsk and Amur)]. E . $9 decorata Konow 
- Mesonotum with at least front and lateral lobes entirely black. Middle tibia pale 
apically. Saw as in Text-fig. 45. 5-6 mm. 
[Central and South-East Europe, Asia Minor and Transcaucasia} 
$9 rufoscutellata Mocsary 


Athalia bicolor Lepeletier 


Tenthredo annulata Fabricius, 1787, Mant. Insect. 1 : 253 nec. Geoffroy, 1785. 
Athalia bicolor Lepeletier, 1823, Mon. Tenthr. : 23 
Athalia richardi Lepeletier, 1823, Mon. Tenthr. : 23. 


Athalia maculata Mocsary 
*Athalia maculata Mocsary, 1879, Természetr. Fiiz. 3 : 117. 


Athalia paveli Mocsary 
*Athalia paveli Mocsary, 1879, Természetr. Fiiz. 3 : 117. 


358 ROBERT B. BENSON 


Athalia rufoscutellata Mocsary 


Athalia rufoscutellata Mocsary, 1879, Természetr. Fiz. 3: 116. 
*Athalia maritima W. F. Kirby, 1884, Ent. mon. Mag. 20: 215. 


Athalia decorata Konow 


* Athalia decorata Konow, 1900, Ent. Nachr. 26 : 120 


(iii) Group of glabricollis 


Clypeus symmetrically rounded in front (Text-fig. 12), not angled laterally, or 
the angle is so close to the mandibular articulation that the lateral portion of the 
clypeus is less than half the diameter of an antennal socket (Text-fig. 11). Prelabium 
sometimes longer than greatest measure of an eye (Text-fig. 22). Antenna with 
7th or even 6th and following segments broader than long (Text-figs. 3 and 4). 
Tibial spurs short (inner hind tibial spur at most less than three-quarters apical width 
of tibia) (Text-fig. 57). Claws simple. On Cruciferae. 


I Pronotum and mesopleura mainly black : ‘ d ; ; 2 
Pronotum and mesopleura mainly yellow (Saw as in Text- -fig. 4 45) : 3 
2 Prelabium shorter than greatest measure of eye (Text-fig. 21). Tegula and costa 


at extreme base pale. Underthorax + with a pale band across the mesopleura 
in addition to the pale mesosternum. 2 hypopygium as in Text-fig. 24. Saw 
as in Text-fig. 51. 5-8 mm. 

[Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika] . ; 32 abyssinica Forsius 

- Prelabium longer than greatest measure of eye. Tegula and costa entirely black. 

Underthorax with mesosternum pale but mesopleura entirely black. 92 hypo- 
pygium as in Text-fig. 31. Saw as in Text-fig. 45. 5-8 mm. 

[Congo, Rhodesia, Bi a aac Natal, Transvaal, Basutoland and Cape 


Province] . 62 incomta Konow 
3 (2) Mesonotum + flack: Either at ‘east middle legs with black- tipped tibia and tarsi, 
or prelabium shorter than greatest measure of eye (Text-fig. 21) . 4 


- Thorax, middle and front legs entirely yellow. Prelabium longer than greatest 
measure of eye (Text-fig. 22). 5-7 mm. 

[Antenna with 7th segment onwards broader than long. ? hypopygium tri- 
dentate (Text-fig. 38). Saw not seen. Somaliland and Sudan] g2 nigriceps Konow 
4 (3) Prelabium as long as or longer than greatest measure of eye (Text-fig. 22). ; 5 
Prelabium shorter than greatest measure of eye (Text-fig. 21) ‘ 6 

(4) Mesonotum densely pubescent all over. Front and middle legs with at most 

the apices of the tibiae and tarsi brownish. Wings slightly infuscate apically. 

Q malar space about two ninths distance between eye-sockets. 9 antenna (Text- 

fig. 3) scarcely longer than width of head (1-1: 1-0). 9 hypopygium excised 

behind (Text-fig. 37). 6-7 mm. 

(Nyasaland, Rhodesia, Basutoland and Cape Province] 39 brevicornis sp. nov. 

- Mesonotum sparsely pubescent with the convex middle area of the side lobes 

glabrous. Front and middle legs with at least the middle tibiae and tarsi 

ringed with black apically. Wings subhyaline. 2 malar space about two-sevenths 

distance between antennal sockets. 2 antenna clearly longer than head width 

(1-2: 1-0). 2 hypopygium scarcely emarginate behind (Text-fig. 35). 5-7 mm. 

[Subspecies glabricollis from Central, Western and South-western Europe, 

and Mediterranean North Africa, has little more than the basal half of C of 

fore wing yellow. 


oa 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 359 


24 aby 29 pav. 


30 schw. 


26 circ. 3] prz. 


27 lug. 32. bi. 


28 schout. 


33 = cord. 
Fics. 24-33. 2 hypopygium in: 24, Athalia abyssinica ; 25, A. himantopus ; 26, A. circu- 
lavis; 27, A. lugens; 28, A. schoutedeni; 29, A. paveli; 30, A. schweinfurthi ; 31, 
Hypsathalia przewalskyi ; 32, Athalia bicolor ; 33, A. cordata. 


360 ROBERT B. BENSON 


42 voll. ee 


38 nigr. | 43 par. 


Fics. 34-43. Qhypopygium in: 34, Athalia liberta; 35, A. glabricollis ; 36, A. scioensis ; 
37, A. brevicornis ; 38, A. nigriceps ; 30, A. cornubiae; 40, A. vosae; 41, A. japonica ; 
42, A. vollenhoveni ; 43, A. paradoxa. 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 361 


Subspecies meridiana Benson, which occurs in Greece, Turkey, Palestine, 
South-western Iran and Samarkand, has almost the basal three quarters of C 
in the fore wing yellow. 
Larva on Cruciferae: Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) D.C., Erysimum, Raphanus 
vaphanistrum L., Sinapis alba L., and Sisvmbrium] 32 glabricollis C. G. Thomson 
6 (4) Antenna less swollen apically, with 8th segment scarcely broader than rst. 
@ hypopygium slightly emarginate behind each side of middle (c.f. Text- 
fig. 32) . z 
- Antenna strongly swollen apically, with 8th segment about one e and a half times 
as broad as Ist segment. 2 hypopygium scarcely emarginate behind. 
{[Mesonotum sparsely pubescent, subglabrous behind. South-West Africa] 
3¢ turneri Forsius 
7 (6) Clypeus angularly produced medially where it is more than twice as long as 
distance between antennal sockets. Mesonotum sparingly pubescent all over, 
front and lateral lobes entirely black in 2, though yellow at margins ing. Costa 
of fore wing with at most basal third yellow. Malar space in 2 more than one- 
quarter distance between antennal sockets. 5-7 mm. 
[Coastal species of East Africa: Kenya (Mombasa), Zanzibar and Mozam- 
bique (Inhaca Island)]_ . : . 62 zanzibarica Forsius 
- ' Clypeus subtruncate in front and scarcely longer medially than distance between 
antennal sockets. Mesonotum with lobes partly glabrous and though front 
and lateral lobes are entirely black in 2 they are + yellow margined in . 
Costa of fore wing with about basal half yellow. Malar space linear in both 
sexes, much less than one-quarter distance between antennal sockets. 5—7 mm. 
[Species of Steppe lands of Palestine, Transcaucasia, Mesopotamia to Turk- 
men and Uzbek Republics] ‘ ; ‘ é ; ; 32 ahngeri Kujev 


Athalia abyssinica Forsius 


*Athalia abyssinica Forsius, 1930, Notul. ent. Helsingf. 10 : 67. 


A. incomta Konow 


Athalia bicolor Saussure, 1892 in Distant Nat: Transvaal : 226, nec Lepeletier. 
*Athalia incomta Konow, 1908, Z. syst. Hym. Dipt. 8 : 168. 
*Athalia laevigata Mocsary, 1909, Ann. hist.-nat. Mus. hung. 7 : 12 


This species was not distinguished by Forsius (1931) from A. mellis Benson sp. n. 
(P. 375). 
Athalia nigriceps Konow 
*Athalia nigriceps Konow, 1908, Z. syst. Hym. Dipt. 8 : 165-166. 


Athalia brevicornis sp. nov. 


2 Colour yellow with the following parts black: head above, clypeus and gena, 
antenna above, mesonotum (except + scutellum behind), and + metanotum, apical 
tarsal segment of front and middle legs, apex of tibia and apices of tarsal segments 
of hind legs. Wings yellowish basally and slightly infuscate apically ; stigma, costa 
(except + basal third), and subcosta (except extreme base) black ; rest of venation 
yellowish in basal part and piceous in apical part of wings. Length 6-7 mm. 


362 ROBERT B. BENSON 


Structure : Antennae 9—Io segmented, scarcely longer than width of head (Text- 
fig. 3); 7th segment onwards broader than long. Prelabium longer than greatest 
measure of eye as 1-2: 1-0. Malar space about equal to the diameters of two com- 
pound eye facets, or two-ninths of distance between eye sockets (0-24 : 1:00). Hind 
inner apical tibial spur shorter than apical width of tibia as 0-72 : 1-00. Hypopygium 
almost tridentate apically (Text-fig. 37). Saw with shallow teeth (cf. Text-fig. 45). 

Pubescence fairly evenly distributed over head and thorax, and pale throughout. 

3 as 2 except for sexual characters and that the antenna is longer than head width 
as I-4: 1-0, the prelabium is scarcely longer than the eye and the malar space less than 
one compound eye facet. | 

BASUTOLAND, Maseru, 1 9 (Holotype, B.M. Hym.1.773), 7.i.1953 (C. Jacot- 
Guillarmod). 

SOUTHERN RHODESIA, Khami, 2 9, 9.xi.1938 (G. Avnold) (B.M.). 

SouTH AFRICA, Cape Province, Aliwal North, 1 g, I 9, xii.1922 (R. E. Turner) 
(B.M.). 

The specimens collected by Turner were named and recorded by Forsius (1931) 
as A. dissona. 


Athalia glabricollis glabricollis C. G. Thomson 


* Athalia glabricollis C. G. Thomson, 1870, Opusc. ent. 2 : 268. 
Larva: Lorenz & Kraus, 1957, Abh. Larvalsyst. Insekt. 1 : 89-91. 


Athalia glabricollis meridiana Benson 


*Athalia glabricollis meridiana Benson, 1954, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 3 (7) : 279. 


Athalia turneri Forsius 


*Athalia turneri Forsius, 1931, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 8: 21. 


Athalia zanzibarica Forsius 


*Athalia zanzibarica Forsius, 1931, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 8 : 22. 


Athalia ahngeri Kokujev 
Athalia ahngeri Kokujev, 1909, Rev. Ent. U.R.S.S. 9 : 246. 


(iv) Group of cordata 


Front margin of clypeus each side with an angle that separates off a lateral margin 
more than half as long as the distance between the antennal sockets (Text-fig. 9). 
Prelabium shorter than greatest measure of an eye (Text-fig. 21). Antenna only with 
segments beyond 8th broader than long (Text-fig. 5). Tibial spurs long (inner hind 
spur about as long as tibial width (Text-fig. 56)). Claws simple. On Compositae, 
Labiatae, Plantaginaceae and Scrophulariaceae. 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 363 


52 cusP- 


wan 


corn. 


S| scut. 


Fic. 44. Saw of Athalia rosae. 

Fics. 45-54. toth tooth from apex of saw of: 45, Athalia rosae; 46, A. picta; 47, 
A. cornubiae; 48, A. scioensis; 49, A. pullicoma; 50, Hennedyia annulitarsis ; 51, 
Athalia scutellariae ; 52, A. cuspidata; 53, A. mellis; 54, A. cordata; 55, A. cerberus. 

Fics. 56-58. Apex of hind tibia to show spurs in : 56, Athalia rosae 9; 57, A. bicolor 2 ; 

58, A. armata . 


364 


[|w | NS 
— 
Nn 
— 


ROBERT B. BENSON 


Either clypeus dull and pubescent, or underthorax pale and hind tibia is only 
ringed with black apically. Saw with shallow blunt teeth 

Clypeus shining and only sparsely pubescent. Either underthorax black o or hind 
tibia mainly infuscate. Saw with prominent and sharp teeth (aceite 54) . 

All lobes of mesonotum black or -- marked with black . 

Lateral lobes of mesonotum entirely yellow (E. Asia) 

Extreme base of C of fore wing entirely black (Africa) 

Extreme base of C of fore wing pale (Eurasia). 

[Underthorax normally with a black mesosterno-pleural line and mesepi- 
meron: the black may be entirely obsolete or may spread to cover the whole 
underthorax. Front tibia scarcely infuscate. The form from Manchuria, 
Kashmir and no doubt from other parts of East Asia has more infuscate wings 
(subsp. melanoptera Benson). 9 malar space about two-fifths as long as distance 
between antennal sockets. 9° hypopygium scarcely emarginate behind (Text- 
fig. 26) ; saw as in Text-fig. 45. 4-6 mm. Larva on Arctium lappa L., Glechoma 
hedevacea L., Plantago sp. and Veronica. Europe including Mediterranean, 
Asia Minor, Caucasus, Siberia to Japan and mountains of Central Asia from 
Kopet Dag to the Pamirs, Altai and Western Himalayas] . circularis (Klug) 

Front and middle tibiae clearly ringed with black pies Tegula, pronotum, 
and lower mesopleura often yellow . ; 5 
Front and middle tibiae not ringed with black apically. " Tegula, pronotum and 
mesopleura black. 

[Wings bicoloured with apices fuscous and bases hyaline. Natal] 9 «antha sp. n. 

Pronotum and tegula + black. Hypopygium in 2 deeply excised behind each 
side of middle. Saw as in Text-fig. 48. 

[At high altitudes in Ethiopia, Aberdare Mountains, etc. and in the Congo 
smoky-winged forms occur: in the darker forms the pronotum is entirely 
black and the upper part of the mesopleura is + infuscate. Southern Arabia 
(Yemen) and Ethiopia and Congo to Natal] ; ; . 2 scioensis Gribodo 

Pronotum and tegula yellow. Hypopygium in 2 almost entire behind. Saw 
(Text-fig. 47). 

[Close in structure to circularis Klug. but the clypeus is less strongly angled 
laterally than in that species, Southern Arabia (Yemen) and Eritrea, Kenya, 
Uganda and Congo to the Cape] . ; 32 concors Konow 

Antenna with 8th segment onwards broader than long. Front tibia at most 
slightly brownish apically 

Antenna only from t1oth segment broader than long. Front ‘tibia ‘ringed with 
black apically. 

[Abdomen with 1st tergite black. Saw as in Text-fig. 45. 7mm. China 
(South Kansu)] ‘ .  @ hummeli Benson 

Abdomen with ist tergite + black. Saw with large denticulations to teeth 
(Text-fig. 46). 
[China (South Kansu)] . ‘ . Q picta sp. nov. 
Abdomen entirely pale except for sawsheath. Saw with only fine denticulations 
to teeth (c.f. Text-fig. 45). 
[India (Chakrata)] ‘ . 69 indiana sp. nov. 
Thorax except for pronotum and tegula ‘mainly black. Wings subhyaline. Tibiae 
and tarsi black at apices only ; femora entirely yellow. 4-7 mm. 

[Larva on Ajuga, Antirrhinum orontium L. and Plantago. Europe including 

Mediterranean and Asia Minor to Caucasus] ; 3¢ cordata Lepeletier 
Thorax except for metanotum almost entirely reddish-yellow. Wings + infuscate. 
Tibiae and tarsi mainly infuscate ; femora + blackened apically. 5-6 mm. 

[Larvae on Veronica. Japan, China, Kashmir and Assam.] 

32 kashmirensis Benson 


nN 


AW © 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 365 


Athalia circularis (Klug), comb. nov. 


Tenthredo cirvcularis Klug, 1815, Mag. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 7 : 129. 
Athalia lineolata Lepeletier, 1823, Mon. Tenthred. : 22, syn. nov. 
* Athalia bolivari Dusmet, 1896, An. Soc. esp. Hist. nat. 25 : 146, syn. nov. 
*Athalia cordatoides Kontuniemi, 1951, Acta ent. fenn. 9 : 40, Syn. nov. 
* Athalia longifoliae Kontuniemi, 1951, /.c. : 42, Syn. nov. 
Larva: Lorenz & Kraus, 1957, Abh. Larvalsyst. Insekt. 1 : 88-90. 


Tenthredo circularis Klug seems by the rules to be the earliest available name for 
this species. It appeared first as a new name accompanied by a recognizable descrip- 
tion but placed in synonymy by the original author. 


Athalia circularis melanoptera subsp. nov. 


Differs from typical subspecies in that the wings are strongly infuscate. MAN- 
CHURIA, Harbin, 2 g (including holotype, B.M. Hym. 1.778) 1.viii.1943 (P. Alin). 
KASHMIR, 5-6,000 ft. I 3, v.1go1 (C. G. Nurse). 


Athalia xantha sp. nov. 


2 Colour. Head black except for the white labrum, mandible bases and palps, and 
the piceous clypeus. Thorax black except for the yellowish mesosternum and + 
metanotum. Legs yellow, fore and middle pairs entirely so, hind pair with black 
ringed apices of tibia and tarsomeres. Abdomen entirely yellow save for sawsheath. 
Wings sharply bicoloured, apical half infuscate, basal half hyaline ; stigma, costa, 
subcosta and whole of venation in apical half of wings black; rest of venation in 
basal half of wings yellow. Length 7:5 mm. 

Structure. Antenna 12-segmented with only 8th and following segments broader 
than long. Malar space about as long as the diameter of a single facet of a compound 
eye. Inner hind tibial spur almost as long as apical width of tibia (1-0 : 1:2). Hypo- 
pygium as in Text-fig. 35. Saw as in Text-fig. 45. 

Pubescence. Head and underthorax with normal dense pale pubescence ; meso- 
notum with brownish pubescence becoming sparse in the middle of each lobe. 

NATAL, Weenan, 1 9 (Holotype, B.M. Hym. 1.777), ix—-x.1925 (H. P. Thomasset). 
(In British Museum.) 


Athalia scioensis Gribodo 


*Athalia scioensis Gribodo, 1879, Ann. Mus. Stor. nat. Genova, 14 : 347. 
*A. fumosa Gribodo, 1879, l.c., syn. nov. 


Specimens of this species in the British Museum examined by Forsius (1931) were 
labelled and recorded by him as A. dissona var. concors, A. ?fumosa, A. scioensis 
and A. furvipennis. 


366 ROBERT B. BENSON 


Athalia concors Konow 


*Athalia concors Konow, 1908, Z. syst. Hym. Dipt. 8 : 168. 
*Athalia similis Mocsary, 1909, Ann. hist.-nat. Mus. hung. 7 : 12, Syn. nov. 
* Athalia erythraspides Enslin, 1914, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 3 : 303, Syn. nov. 


Specimens of this species in the British Museum examined by Forsius (1931) were 
labelled and recorded by him as A. dissona, A. dissona var. concors or A. dissona var. 
mashonensis. 


- 


Athalia picta sp. nov. 


Athalia decorata Konow, Benson, 1932, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 9 : 528, and figs. 1a, clypeus, 
1b, hypopygium, and Ic, saw, nec Konow. 


2 Colour. Head black except for the white labrum, clypeus and mandible bases 
and palps; thorax and abdomen yellow, except for middle of front lobe of meso- 
notum, post-tergite of scutellum, metanotum, Ist abdominal tergite, and sawsheath 
as well as apices of hind tibiae and middle and hind tarsal segments. Wings hyaline ; 
stigma, costa (except basal fifth) and subcosta (except extreme base) and venation 
black or brown. Length 6-7 mm. 

Structure. Antenna 12-segmented with only roth and 11th broader than long. 
Malar space one-third as long as distance between antennal sockets. Inner hind 
tibial spur almost as long as apical width of tibia (1-0: 1-1). Hypopygium scarcely 
emarginate each side, saw with shallow teeth and 6~7 large denticulations to each 
tooth (Text-fig. 46). 

Pubescence pale throughout, dense above on head and mesonotum, very sparse 
on the shining clypeus and sparse on the mesosternum which is glabrous below. 

3 as 9 except for sexual characters, the pale underside of the antenna and very 
short malar space. 

CHINA, South Kansu, Lu-pa-sze, g and 9 (Holotype) 7m coitu and 3 2 (Stockholm 
Museum), 2 2 (British Museum), 11.vii.1930 (Dr. Hummel). 


Athalia hummeli Benson 


*Athalia hummeli Benson, 1932, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 9: 528-529, figs. 2a, clypeus, 26, 
hypopygium. 


Athalia indiana sp. nov. 


2 Colour. Yellow except for the following which are black: head capsule above 
clypeus and gena, front lobe of mesonotum apart from margins, apices of middle 
and hind tibiae and of all tarsal segments and sawsheath. Wings slightly infuscate 
apically and flavescent basally ; stigma, apical two-thirds of costa and of subcosta 
and rest of venation in apical half of wings brown or black ; basal one-third of costa 
and of subcosta, and rest of venation in basal half of wings yellowish. Length 7 mm. 

Structure. Antenna 12-13-segmented ; 8th and following segments broader than 
long. Prelabium a little shorter than greatest measure of an eye. Malar space to 
distance between antennal sockets as 1-0: 3:8. Inner hind tibial spur about two- 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 367 


thirds as long as apical width of tibia. Hypopygium emarginate each side of middle. 
Saw as in Text-fig. 51. 

Pubescence. On head and thorax pale, becoming sparse on temples behind, and 
middle of mesonotal and scutellar lobes ; on the underthorax is a glabrous area 
covering the meso-pleurosternal line. 

3 as 2 apart from sexual characters and that the antenna is pale beneath, the 
front tarsal segments are scarcely darkened apically and the middle legs only 
obscurely marked with dark colour. The malar space is barely as long as the diameter 
of a single compound eye facet. Length 6 mm. 

Inp1A, Chakrata: Bodyar 8,000 ft., r 2 (Holotype, B.M. Hym. 772), 21.vi. 1923 
(C. F. E. Beeson) ; Lambatach, 7,600 ft., r 3, 9.vi.1924 (B. M. Bhatia) (B.M.). 


Athalia cordata Lepeletier 


Athalia cordata Lepeletier, 1823, Mon. Tenthr. : 

Athalia blanchardi Brullé in Lepeletier, 1846, Hist. nat. Ins. Hym, 4 : 663. 
Larva: Konow, 1901, Z. syst. Hym. Dipt. 1: 59. 

Larva: Rungs, 1949, Rev. Path. vég. 28 (3) : 170-172. 


Athalia kashmirensis Benson, stat. nov. 


*Athalia cordata kashmirensis Benson, 1932, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 9 : 187. 
Athalia veronicae Takeuchi, 1949, Trans. Kansai. ent. Soc. 14 (2) : 49, nom. nud. 
Athalia veronicae Takeuchi, 1952. A generic classification of the Japanese Tenthredinidae 


(Hymenoptera : Symphyta) Kyoto: 29. 
(v) Group of rosae 


Clypeus symmetrically rounded in front and not angled laterally (Text-figs. 13 
and 14) or angle is so close to the edge that the lateral portion of the clypeal front 
margin is shorter than half the distance between the antennal sockets. Prelabium 
shorter than greatest measure of eye (Text-fig. 21). Tibial spurs long (Text-fig. 56). 
(Inner hind spur at least as long as apical width of tibia.) Claws simple. Pronotum 
usually pale. Saw as in Text-figs. 44-45 except in cornubiae (Text-fig. 47). On 
Cruciferae and Crassulaceae. 


KEY TO SPECIES SECTIONS 


All tibiae at most only ringed apically with black and femora all yellow 
(a) rosae and liberta complexes 
Hind tibiae (at least over apical two-fifths above) or middle femur mainly 
infuscate ‘ ; : ; : (b) lugens and nigromaculata complexes 


(a) rosae and liberta complexes 


I Middle lobe of mesonotum entirely yellow. : : : ‘ 2 
- Middle lobe of mesonotum black or at least partly black ; 
2 (1) Lateral lobe of mesonotum + marked with black. Malar space of 2 (Text- fig. 
13) about half distance between antennal sockets and in ¢ (Text-fig. 14) about 
one-quarter. Thorax densely pubescent all over. Hind tibia with less than 
apical quarter infuscate 6-8 mm. (9 (forms of vosae) ‘ 3 
- Lateral lobes of mesonotum entirely yellow. Malar space of 9 only about one- 
fifth distance between antennal sockets. Thorax shining and sparsely pubescent, 


368 


2 (1) 


ROBERT B. BENSON 


subglabrous on mesonotum behind and on mesosternum. Hind tibia with 
apical third infuscate. Saw not seen. 8 mm. 
[Punjab] . 2 antennata Cameron 
Black fleck on lateral lobe of mesonotum does not extend forwards beyond hind 
margin of tegula. Wings subhyaline in the north of its range, becoming more 
and more infuscate towards the south and in Japan. 
[Larvae on Cruciferae : Brassica vapa L., Raphanus vaphanistrum L., etc. E. 
Asia, E. Siberia, Manchuria to Himalayas and Japan] rosae ruficornis Jakovlev 
Black fleck on lateral lobe of mesonotum extends forwards at least beyond the 
level of the hind margin of the tegula. Wings subhyaline in north of range, 
becoming more and more infuscate towards the south. 
[Larvae on Cruciferae : Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb., Bar- 
barea sp., Brassica rapa L., and napus L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Rorippa 
amphibia (L.) Besser, Sinapis alba L., and arvensis L., and Sisymbrium spp. 
Temperate Europe to South West Siberia, Mediterranean region including 
North Africa, Palestine and Asia Minor to Caucasus and Iran.] . rosae rosae (L.) 
Mesonotum mainly black in both sexes, the lateral lobes at most with their outer 
edges yellow; ¢ with at least scutellum partly black. Malar space (2) one- 
third to one-quarter as long as distance between antennal sockets ‘ 5 
Mesonotum in 2 yellow with a black fleck on the middle and on each of the lateral 
lobes ; in the ¢ the black flecks may spread to cover all of these lobes but at 
least the scutellum is entirely yellow. Malar space (2) about one-fifth as long 
as distance between antennal sockets. 
4-6 mm. Larvae on Cruciferae: Brassica rapa L., and Raphanus vapha- 


nistrum L. Madagascar] ‘ 32 malagassa Saussure 
Antenna with at most 9th segment onwards broader than long. Hypopygium in 
2 less emarginate (Text-figs. 34 and 39) . 6 


Antenna with 7th or 8th segments onwards broader than long. Hypopygium of 
2 deeply excised (Text-fig. 43) on hind margin. 
[6-7 mm. Alps of France, Switzerland and Austria, and Macedonia] 
32 paradoxa Konow 
Hypopygium of 9 strongly emarginate each side of middle (Text-fig. 39). Saw as 
in Text-fig. 47. Parthenogenetic species with ¢ unknown. 5-7 mm. 
[Larva on Sedum album L. Central and South Europe, Asia Minor, Trans- 
causia and South West Iran] . . Qcornubiae Benson 
Hypopygium of 2 with hind margin almost entire (Text: fig. 34). Saw as in Text- 
fig. 45 or g. 5-7 mm. 
(Subspecies liberta K1. from all Europe and Mediterranean to Caucasus, South 
West Iran and mountains of Central Asia to Uzbek and Kirghiz and eastwards 
to the Amur region in East Siberia has subhyaline wings. 
Subspecies yanoi Takeuchi, from Seghalien and Japan, has infuscate wings. 
Larva on Cruciferae: Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara and Grande, Arabi- 
dopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., Cardamine hirsuta L., and Sisymbrium officiniale 
(L.) Scop.]  . é ; ‘ ‘ Z . ; ; . 69 liberta Klug 


(b) lugens and nigromaculata complexes 


Abdomen with 6 or more tergites beyond the 1st with a black fleck each side . 2 

Abdomen without black flecks on tergites beyond rst ; 

All tibiae, front and middle femora and apex of hind femur mainly black. Hind 
basitarsus longer than two following segments. 9 Hypopygium scarcely 
emarginate (cf. Text-fig. 27). 4:5—-6°5 mm. 

[Central Asia: Himalayas, pomaieat 7,000 ft.) and North East Burma 
(Kimbaita, 7,000 ft.) } : ‘ : ; ‘ 3° sikkimensis Benson 


(1) 


(3) 


(4) 


(5) 


(7) 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 369 


Tibiae as well as middle and hind femora only marked with black apically ; 
front femur entirely yellow. Hind basitarsus only as long as two following 
segments. 9 Hypopygium excised each side of middle on hind margin (cf. 
Text-fig. 39). 6—-8°5 mm. 
[Central Asia: Himalayas (Tibet, Kashmir, India 9,000—12,00¢ ft.) | 
32 nigromaculata Cameron 


All femora pale, at most tipped with black apically. Pronotum mainly yellow. 
[Malar space (2) about three-sevenths distance between antennal sockets] 4 


Front and middle femora mainly and hind femur at least apically black. Prono- 
tum often mainly infuscate. 
[All tibiae and tarsi mainly black. 2 Hypopygium as in Jugens (Text-fig. 17) ] 7 


Femora all yellow. All tibiae and tarsi mainly black above. Hypopygium of 2 
only slightly emarginate behind (forms of /ugens K1.) : : : : 


Hind and middle femora tipped with black apically. Front tibiae and all tarsal 
segments black only apically; middle and hind tibiae also black basally. 
Hypopygium of 9 excised on hind margin each side of middle (Text-fig. 41). 

5-8 mm. 
[Mesothorax entirely reddish-yellow. Larvae on Cruciferae: Brassica 
vapa L., Raphanus raphanistrum L. East Asia: East Siberia and Japan. ]} 
39 japonica Klug 

Wings strongly infuscate especially basally. Mesonotum variable in colour, 
usually with at least the lateral margins of the front lobes yellow, and often 
extensively or mainly yellow. 5—7°5 mm. 

[East Asia] . : , ; F : ‘ ' ; ' d : 6 

Wings subhyaline or slightly infuscate. Mesonotum usually entirely black. 4- 

6 mm. 
[Europe]. ; ; : . : F ‘ $9 lugens lugens Klug 


Mesonotum mainly black ; usually with only the margins of the front and middle 
lobes yellow, though occasionally in females yellow covers all the parts in 
front of the tegulae. 5-7 mm. 
Larvae on Cruciferae: Brassica vapa L. and nigva (L.) Koch and also 
Raphanus raphanistrum L. Japan] . : . 69 lugens infumata (Marlatt) 


Mesonotum mainly yellow ; in East Siberia the black may extend as far forward 
as the tegulae in some males but in India and South China to Java the meso- 
notal lobes including the scutellum are usually entirely yellow. 5-7:5 mm. 

[Larvae on Cruciferae: Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, napus L., and rapa L. 
Raphanus vaphanistrum L. and Lepidium sativum L. 
Mainland from Kamtchatka to South India and Malaya as well as Formosa, 
Borneo, Java etc., in North East Burma (Kimbaiti) at 7,000 ft.] 
39 lugens proxima (Klug) 
Mesonotum and mesopleura mainly red ‘ F : ‘ 8 
Thorax entirely black. 6 mm, 


(Malar space of 2 almost two-fifths distance between antennal sockets. 
North East Burma (Kimbaiti, 7,000 ft.)] : : 39 birmanica sp. nov. 


Malar space in 2 about half as long as distance between antennal sockets. Frontal 
area with only a slight medial depression. 5-6 mm. 
[Central Asia : China (Kan-Su)] . ‘ : ; : 2 Ransuensis Benson 
Malar space in @ less than one-third distance between antennal sockets. Frontal 
area with a deep round medial puncture. 5-6 mm. 
[Central Asia : China (Szechwan) and North East Burma (Kambaiti, 7,000 
ft.)] : ‘ ; , 3 : ‘ 5 . d 2 scapulata Konow 


370 ROBERT B. BENSON 


Athalia antennata Cameron 


*Athalia antennata Cameron, 1902, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 14 : 447. 


Athalia rosae ruficornis (Jakovlev) comb. nov. 


Athalia spinarum var, ruficornis Jakovlev, 1888, Horae. Soc. ent. ross. 22: 373- 
*Athalia leucostoma Cameron, 1904, Z. syst. Hym. Dipt. 4 : 108. 
*Athalia spinarum japanensis Rohwer, 1910, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 39 : 109. 
Larva: Takizawa, M. and Akiyama, T., 1935, Kontyt, 9 : 207-220, 1 pl. 
Athalia rosae rosae (L.) 


*Tenthredo rosae L., 1758, Syst. Nat. p. 557 nec auctt. 
Tenthredo colibri Christ, 1791, Nat. Ins. p. 434. 
Tenthredo spinarum Fabricius, 1793, Ent. syst. 2 : 110. 
Tenthredo centifoliae Panzer, 1798, Faun. Ins. Germ. Heft 49, tab. 18. 
A thalia spinarum (Fabricius) Leach 1817 Zool. Miscell. 3: 126. 
Larva: Lorenz & Kraus, 1957, Abh. Larvalsyst. Insekt. 1 : 90. 
Athalia malagassa Saussure 


Athalia malagassa Saussure, 1890, in Grandidier : Hist. Madagascar, pl. 27, fig. 154 and b, 
Athalia malagassa Saussure, Konow, 1908, Z. syst. Hym. Dipt. 8 : 166. 
Larva: Paulian, 1949, Mém. Inst. sci. Madagascar, 3 : 375-382. 

Athalia paradoxa Konow 


*Athalia pavadoxa Konow, 1886, Dtsch. ent. Z. 30: 78. 


Athalia cornubiae Benson 


*Athalia cornubiae Benson, 1931, Ent. mon. Mag. 67 : 110. 
Larva: Gradwell, 1957, Ent. mon. Mag. 93 : 12. 


Athalia liberta liberta (Klug) 


Tenthredo rosae var. liberta Klug, 1815, Mag. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 7 : 129. 
Tenthredo liberta (Klug), Klug, 1817 in Germar: Reise n. Dalmat. 2 : 257. 
Athalia ancilla Lepeletier, 1823, Mon. Tenthr. : 22. 
Athalia liberta (Klug) Priesner, 1928, Ent. Mitt. 27 : 282. 
Larva: Lorenz & Kraus, 1957, Abh. Larvalsyst. Insekt. 1 : 89-91. 

Athalia liberta yanoi Takeuchi 


Athalia liberta yanoi Takeuchi, 1952, Gen. Class. Jap. Tenthredinidae, pp. 29-30. 


Athalia sikkimensis (Benson) stat. nov. 


*Athalia nigromaculata sikkimensis Benson, 1932, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 9 : 530-531. 


Athalia nigromaculata Cameron 


*Athalia nigromacuiata Cameron, 1902, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 14 : 446. 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 371 
Athalia japonica (Klug) 


Tenthredo japonica Klug, 1815, Mag. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 7 : 131. 
Athalia japonica (Klug) Klug, 1834, Jahrb. d. Insectenk. 1 : 253. 
Athalia nigronotum Matsumura, 1918, Thous. Ins. Japan, Suppl. 4: 68. 
?Athalia novitiata Kokujev, 1927, Trav. Comm. Lac Bajkal, 2: 64. 
Larva: Narutomi, 1931, Jap. J. appl. Zool. 3: 150-152. [In Japanese. } 


Athalia lugens lugens (Klug) 


Tenthredo lugens Klug, 1815, Mag. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 7 : 129. 
Athalia lugens (Klug) Klug, 1834, Jahrb. d. Insectenk, 1 : 253. 


Athalia lugens infumata (Marlatt) 


*Phyllotoma infumata Marlatt, 1898, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 21 : 494. 
Athalia lugens infumata Marlatt, Rohwer, 1910, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 39: 110. 
Larva: Narutomi, 1931, Jap. J. appl. Zool. 3: 190-192. 


Athalia lugens proxima (Klug) 


Tenthredo proxima Klug, 1815, Mag. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 7 : 130. 
Athalia proxima (Klug) Klug, 1834, Jahrb. d. Insectenk. 1 : 253. 
* Athalia tibialis Cameron, 1876, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1876: 460. Syn. nov. 
*Athalia spinarum var. orientalis Cameron, 1877, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1877: 90. Syn. nov. 
*Athalia proxima var. funebris Forsius, 1925, Notul. ent. Helsingf. 5: 91. 
Athalia colibri var. kuroiwae, Matsumara & Uchida, 1926, Ins. Mats.1:70. Syn nov. 
* Athalia lugens var. camtschatica Forsius, 1928, Notul. ent. Helsingf. 8: 46. Syn. nov. 
Athalia lugens proxima (Klug) Benson 1932, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 9: 183. 
* Athalia lugens var. tristis Forsius, 1934, Rev. suisse Zool. 41 : 106. Syn. nov. 
Larva : Maxwell-Lefroy, H. & Ghosh, C. C., 1908, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. 1: 6. 
Sonan & Shibath, 1928, Trans. nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 18 : 44-64. 


Athalia kansuensis (Benson) stat. nov. 


*Athalia lugens kansuensis Benson, 1932, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 9 : 186. 


Athalia scapulata Konow 


*Athalia scapulata Konow, 1903, Annu. Mus. zool. Acad., St. Pétersb. 8: 117. 


Athalia birmanica sp. nov. 


2 Colour. Head and thorax entirely black, legs black except for hind coxa, troch- 
anters and femur (apart from extreme apex) ; abdomen yellow except for the black 
Ist tergite and sawsheath. Wings densely infuscate ; stigma and venation black. 
Length 6 mm. 

Structure. Antenna 11-12 segmented (the two apical segments ++ fused), with no 
flagellar segment broader than long. Malar space about two-fifths as long as distance 
between antennal sockets (1-0 : 2:4). Legs with inner hind tibial spur about as long 
as apical width of tibia. Hypopygium slightly emarginate each side of middle as in 
lugens (Text-fig. 27). Saw with very shallow teeth as in rosae (Text-fig. 45). 


372 ROBERT B. BENSON 


Pubescence infuscate above on head, on mesonotum and mesopleura, pale below ; 
mesosternum with a large glabrous patch each side. 

¢ as 9 apart from sexual characters and that the clypeus is + pale, the antennae 
may have 2-3 apical segments fused, the malar space is less than the diameter of a 
single facet of a compound eye, the mesothorax below is unevenly pubescent without 
glabrous patches and that the size is smaller (5-5-5 mm.). 

N.E. Burma, Kambaiti, 7,000 ft. 1 2 (Holotype), 15 3, 1.iv to 9.vi.1934 (RK. 
Malaise). (Holotype and 9 ¢ paratypes in Stockholm Museum, 6 ¢ paratypes in 
British Museum.) 


(vi) Group of furvipennis 


Clypeus asymmetrical (Text-fig. 17) or + angularly produced medially in front 
(Text-figs. 15-16). Prelabium often as long as or longer than greatest measure of 
eye (Text-fig. 22). Tibial spurs long (inner hind spur at least as long as apical width 
of tibia (Text-figs. 56 and 58). Claws simple. Pronotum often black. On Cruciferae 
(Brassica etc.). 


KEY TO SPECIES COMPLEXES 


Legs mainly yellow with tibiae and tarsomeres ringed only apically with black. 
Hind inner tibial spur about as long as apex of tibia. Pronotum yellow or black 2 

~ Legs very variable in colour but + infuscate and at least with middle femur 

mainly suffused. Tibial spurs long: hind inner spur longer than apex of tibia. 
Pronotum black. [9 hypopygium gins eee ae behind] (c) nigripes complex 
2 (1) Pronotum mainly yellow. , ; . (a) dissona complex 
- Pronotum mainly black ; ; ; : » ; (b) furvipennis complex 


- 


(a) dissona complex 


I Prelabium as long as or longer than ees measure of eye (Text-fig. 22) and/ 
or fore tibia entirely yellow ‘ F ‘ , 2 
- Prelabium shorter than greatest measure of eye (Text- fig. 21) and front tibia 
black-tipped apically. 
[Underthorax and often scutellum + yellow. Malar space in 2 about one- 
third distance between antennal sockets. 2 hypopygium slightly emarginate 
each side behind, cf. Text-fig. 29. Saw as in Text-fig. 45. 5-7 mm. Ethiopia, 


Nigeria and Congo] : : 39 schoutedeni Forsius 
2 (1) Front tibia and underthorax entirely yellow. Prelabium about as long as er 
measure of eye : 3 


- Front tibia ringed apically with black. " Underthorax with black band over the 
meso-sternopleural line. Prelabium longer than greatest measure of eye. 
[2 hypopygium as in Text-fig. 29. Saw with sharp prominent teeth (cf. 
Text-fig. 53). 6-7 mm. Congo] i : 32 dulcis Benson 
3 (2) Middle legs with apices of tibiae and tarsal segments marked with black. Malar 
space in 9 about one-third distance between antennal sockets and about the 
length of three compound eye facets. Antenna with 8th segment onwards 
broader than long. Fore wings with apices subinfuscate. Underthorax yellow. 
2 hypopygium scarcely emarginate (cf. Text-fig. 29). Saw as in Text-fig. 53. 
5-7 mm. 
[Sierra Leone, Congo, Nyasaland and Southern Rhodesia]. $2 dissona Konow 


(1) 


(5) 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 373 


Front and middle legs entirely yellow. Malar space in 2 very short, only about 
as long as a single compound eye facet. (Antenna in unique type missing.) 
Wings uniformly subhyaline. Underthorax yellow. 2 hypopygium excised 
each side of middle (cf. Text-fig. 38). Saw as in Text- ne 45. 6-7 mm. 
[South-east Africa : Mozambique] . _ , Q limpopo sp. nov. 


(b) furvipennis complex 


Prelabium longer than greatest measure of eye Sadi 22 AYESRYED 
scarcely emarginate behind : 
Prelabium shorter or only as long as greatest 1 measure of eye (Text- fig. 21) 
Clypeus not more than one and a half times as long medially as distance between 
antennal sockets. Front tibia often black-ringed apically. Mesosternum often 
entirely black. Saw often with sharp prominent teeth (cf. Text-fig. 53) : 3 
Clypeus at least about two times as long medially as distance between antennal 
sockets. Front tibia at most brownish at apex behind. Mesosternum + yellow. 
Saw as in Text-fig. 49. 6-7 mm. 
(Malar space of 9 less than half distance between antennal sockets. Kenya 
and Uganda] . ; . 62 pullicoma Konow 
Malar space in 9 at least about two- thirds distance between antennal sockets 
(Text-figs. 15 and 16). Saw with prominent sharp teeth (Text-fig. 53). Under- 
thorax + pale below except sometimes in Congo basin , : , : 4 
Malar space in 9 about half distance between antennal sockets. Saw with blunt 
shallow teeth (cf. Text-fig. 45). Q hypopygium scarcely emarginate (cf. Text- 
fig. 35). Underthorax entirely black. 5—7 mm. 
[Wings subhyaline or (in the mountains of Abyssinia, East Africa and the 
Cape region) + infuscate. 1st abdominal tergite often + infuscate. 9? hypo- 
pygium (cf. Text-fig. 35). Ethiopia to the Cape] ; , 3¢ clavata Konow 
Wings subhyaline. Face with labrum, clypeus and cheeks yellow. Underthorax 
with mesosternum and mesopleura below + yellow. Mesonotum with glabrous 
area on the middle of each lateral lobe. 5.5-7 mm. 
[? Larvae on Salvia and Coleus barbutus Bentham (Labiatae). Natal, 
Zululand, Transvaal and Cape Colony] ; : : 3¢ mellis sp. nov. 
Wings strongly infuscate. Face and underthorax entirely black. Mesonotum 
pubescent all over. 6-8 mm. 
[Congo, Uganda and Kenya} : : . 9 pluto Benson 
Malar space in 2 at least one-third distance between antennal sockets ; and in 
6 often longer than one compound eye facet. (Unfortunately gg have not 
yet been associated with the 29 of cerberus, furvipennis and umbrosa severally.) 
Mesosternum often entirely black. Wings + subhyaline or infuscate, but base 
and apex not strongly contrasted . : 6 
Malar space in 9 only about one-quarter distance between antennal sockets ; 
and in ¢ scarcely as long as a single compound eye facet. Mesosternum and + 
mesopleura yellow. Wings subhyaline at base but strongly infuscate at apex. 
5-8 mm. 
[Saw as in Text-fig. 45. 9 hypopygium slightly emarginate each side behind 
(cf. Text-fig. 35). Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, Nyasaland, South- 


mn b& 


ern Rhodesia and Zululand] . ; ? 3Q ustipennis Mocsary 
Malar space in 9 more than half distance between antennal sockets. Saw with 
shallow blunt teeth (cf. Text-fig. 45) . é ; : 7 


Malar space in @ less than half distance between ‘antennal sockets. Saw with 
prominent sharp teeth (Text-fig. 55). 
[Wings strongly infuscate. 2 hypopygium slightly emarginate each side 
behind (cf. Text-fig. 35). 7 mm. Ethiopia and Congo] : 2 cerberus Benson 


374 ROBERT B. BENSON 


7 (6) Malar space in 9 little more than half distance between antennal sockets (1-0: 
1-7). Wings infuscate or subhyaline. 2 hypopygium emarginate behind as 
in Text-fig. 29. 5-7 mm. 
[Larvae on various Cruciferae: pest on Brassica rapa L. (= campestris L.). 
Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Congo, Nyasaland, Zululand, Natal, Basutoland 
and Cape Province.] ; ; . 9 furvipennis Konow 
- Malar space of more than two- thirds distance between antennal sockets (I-o: 
I*2—1+3). Wings heavily infuscate. 2 hypopygium scarcely emarginate behind 
(cf. Text-fig. 35). 6 mm. 
[Uganda and Congo (Mt. Ruwenzori)] . : ; : Q umbrosa sp. nov. 


(c) nigripes complex 
I Inner hind tibial spur less than half as long as metatarsus (Text-fig. 56) . : 2 
- Inner hind tibial spur more than half as long as metatarsus (Text-fig. 58). 
[Prelabium about as long as greatest measure of eye. Malar space in 9Q 
about four-fifths as long as distance between antennal sockets. 9 hypopygium 
as in Text-fig. 24. Saw as in Text-fig. 51. 6-7 mm. Uganda and Congo] 
62 armata Benson 
2 (1) Prelabium longer than greatest measure of sik (Text-fig. 22). 1st tergite mainly 
black . ‘ ‘ ; : ; 3 
- Prelabium shorter than greatest 1 measure of eye (Text- fig. 21). 1st tergite often 
mainly pale but + suffused medially to mainly black. 
(Saw as in Text-fig. 51. 5-7 mm. Uganda and Congo (Mt. Ruwenzori)] 
$9 nigripes Enslin 
3 (2) Malar space in 9 about two-thirds distance between antennal sockets. Saw with 
prominent and sharp teeth (cf. Text-fig. 53). 5-6 mm. 
[Congo] ‘ ; . 2 asbolos Benson 
- Malar space in @ less than half distance between antennal sockets. Saw as in 
Text-fig. 45. 6-7 mm. 
[Congo] ‘ ; ; : : ‘ ‘ ‘ . 9 pulla Benson 


Athalia schoutedeni Forsius 


*Athalia schoutedemi Forsius, 1928, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 16: 240. 


Athalia dulcis Benson 
*Athalia dulcis Benson, 1961, Expl. Parc national de l’Upemba, Mission G. F. de Witte, 60 (2) : 
8. 
Athalia dissona Konow 


*Athalia dissona Konow, 1908, Z. syst. Hym. Dipt. 8 : 167. 


Athalia limpopo sp. nov. 


2 Colour. Head black except for face below antennae, mouthparts and under- 
sides of antennae which are yellowish white. Mesonotum black except for posterior 
half of scutellum and postscutellum ; pronotum, tegula, metanotum, underthorax | 
and abdomen (except sawsheath) yellow. Legs yellow except for apex of hind tibia — 
(and ? apices of hind tarsal segments which are missing in the unique type). Wings — 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 375 


hyaline ; stigma, apical three-quarters of costa and subcosta (except extreme base) 
black ; rest of venation yellow. Length 6-5 mm. 

Structure. Antenna (both flagella missing from type). Prelabium longer than 
greatest length of eye as I-1: 1-0. Clypeus slightly angled in front and produced 
forward more on right than left side. Malar space about as long as diameter of 
single compound-eye facet or about one-sixth of distance between antennal sockets 
(0-17 : 1-0). Inner hind tibial spur about as long as apical width of tibia. Hypopygium 
with hind margin tridentate (cf. Text-fig. 38). Saw with very shallow teeth as in 
A.vosae (Text-fig. 45). 

Pubescence pale, short and evenly distributed over head and thorax. 

S.E. AFrRIcA: MozaMBIQUE, Delagoa Bay, 1 9 (Holotype, B.M., Hym. 1.774) 
(purchased from Mr. Janson, B.M. 1883-29). 


Athalia pullicoma Konow 


*Athalia pullicoma Konow, 1908, Z. syst. Hym. Dipt. 8 : 166. 


Athalia clavata Konow 


*Athalia clavata Konow, 1907, Schwed. Zool. Exp. Kilimand). 8: 5. 


Athalia mellis sp. nov. 


2 Colour. Head black except for face below antennae, mouthparts and + the 
undersides of the antennae which are yellow. Thorax black except for the tegula, 
+ hind margins of the pronotum and -+ the mesosternum and lower part of meso- 
pleuron. Legs yellow with apices of all tibiae and tarsal segments black. Abdomen 
yellow except + middle of Ist tergite and sawsheath which are black. Wings sub- 
hyaline, slightly infuscate apically and flavescent basally ; stigma and (except at 
their extreme bases) costa and subcosta black ; rest of venation yellow, becoming 
piceous in apical halves of wings. Length 5:5~7 mm. 

Structure. Antenna 10-segmented, only 8th and gth broader than long (roth 
consists of 2 + fused segments). Prelabium longer than eye (as 1-2: 1-0). Clypeus 
rounded in front (Text-fig. 15). Malar space about two-thirds as long as distance 
between antennal sockets (0-7 : 1-0). Hind inner tibial spur about as long as apical 
width of tibia. Hypopygium slightly emarginate each side of middle (cf. Text-fig. 
35). Saw with very sharp prominent teeth (Text-fig. 53). 

Pubescence. Pale and evenly distributed on head and underthorax but sparse in 
the middle of each lateral mesonotal lobe and on the scutellum. 

3 as 2 except for sexual characters and that the rst antennal segment and face 
are yellowish-white, the 8th antennal segment is + as long as broad, the malar 
space (Text-fig. 16) is only about as long as two and a half times diameter of a 
compound-eye facet, or less than a third distance between the antennal sockets 
(0-3 : I-0). 

SouTH AFRICA: TRANSVAAL: Sabie. I dg, i.1952 (leg. Inmph) (Miinchen Mus.). 


376 ROBERT B. BENSON 


ZULULAND: Eshowe, 2 3, 23—30.iv.1926 (R. E. Turner) (B.M.) ; Mtunzini, 1 3, 
2 9, 15.ix.1949 (A. L. Capener) (B.M.); Nqutu, 1 9, 19.v.1955 (A. H. Newton) 
(B.M.). 

NaTAL: Biggarsberg, 11 3, 1 gf and 1 9 im copula, and to Q (including Holotype 
B.M. Hym. 1.775) ; Van Reenen, Drakensberg, 1 3, I 2, 6,500-7,500 ft., x.1926, 
I 9, xi.1926, I J, xii.1926 (R. E. Turner) (B.M.) ; Pietermaritzburg, 1 3, 27. iii. 
1955 (B.M.) ; I 9, ix.1959 (Natal Mus.) (B. Situckenburg) ; near Kraskop, indigenous 
forest, I g, 11.ix.1954 (B. Stuckenburg) (Natal Mus.) ; Edensdale, 2 3, 1-i-1953 
(E. McC. Callan) (x 3, B.M.; 1 3 in Grahamstown Mus.) ; Kloof, 1,500 ft., r 9, 
ix.1926 (R. E. Turner) (B.M.). 

BASUTOLAND, Hensley’s Dam, Leribe, 1 9, 19.ii.1948 (C. Jacot-Guillarmod) 
' (B.M.). 

ORANGE FREE STATE, Harrismith, 1 g, li.1927 (R. E. Turner) (B.M.) : Witzie- 
shoek, 6,100 ft., I 9, 23.ii.1929 (Hugh Scott) (B.M.). 

CAPE PROVINCE, Umtata, Transkei, 1 3, 2 9, 18.ii-18.iii.1923 (R. E. Turner) 
(B.M.) ; Grahamstown, 1 4g, 1.1954 (Ff. Zumpf) (Miinchen Mus.), I g, 6.11.1952, 
I g, ix.1954 (E. McC. Callan) (Grahamstown Mus.) ; Katburg, 4,000 ft., 1 9, x.1932 
(R. E. Turner) (B.M.) ; Pondoland, Port St. John, 1 9, 10-31. vii. 1923 (R. E. Turner) 
(B.M.) ; Durban, 1 9, 1902 (F. Muir) (B.M.) ; Port Elizabeth, Lovemore Park, on 
Coleus barbutus Bentham, 3 4, viii.1955 (J. S. Taylor) (B.M.) ; Port Elizabeth on 
Salvia, I 3, 9.viii.1956 (J. S. Taylor) (Grahamstown Mus.). 

The specimens in the British Museum collected by F. Muir and R. E. Turner and 
examined by Forsius (1931) were labelled and recorded by him as Athalia incomta 
Konow. 


Athalia cerberus Benson 


*Athalia cerberus Benson, 1961, Expl. Parc national Albert—Mission G. F. de Witte (1933-35), 
97 = 36. 


Athalia pluto Benson 


*Athalia pluto Benson, 1961, Expl. Parc national Albert—Mission G. F. de Witte (1933-35), 97 = 
10-II. 


Athalia ustipennis Mocsary 


*Athalia ustipennis Mocsary, 1909, Amn. hist.-nat. Mus. hung. 7 : 12. 
* Athalia mashonensis Enslin, 1911, Dtsch. ent. Z. 1911: 668. Syn. nov. 


Athalia furvipennis Konow 


*Athalia furvipennis Konow, 1907, Schwed. zool. Exp. Kilimandjaro, 8: 5. 
*Athalia flacca Konow, 1907, l.c. Syn. nov. 


Athalia umbrosa sp. nov. 


3 Colour. Head and thorax black, obscurely brownish on face below antennae 
and on underside of antenna. Legs yellow with coxae + obscurely and apices of 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 377 


tibiae and tarsal segments of all legs broadly ringed with black. Abdomen yellow 
except + for middle of Ist tergite and sawsheath which are black. Wings strongly 
infuscate ; stigma and venation black. Length: 6 mm. 

Structure. Antenna I1-segmented ; only roth broader than long. Prelabium longer 
than eye (1-1: 1-0). Malar space four-fifths as long as distance between antennal 
sockets (0-8 : 1-0). Clypeus angularly produced in front slightly left of the middle. 
Inner hind tibial spur about as long as apical width of tibia. Hypopygium scarcely 
emarginate each side of middle as in A. abyssinica (Text-fig. 24). Saw with shallow 
blunt teeth as in A. rosae (Text-fig. 45). 

Pubescence brown above, pale below, densely and evenly covering head capsule 
and thorax. 

AFRICA, UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, 1 9, (Holotype Brit. Mus., Hym. 1.776) 
Xli. 1934-1 .1935 (F. W. Edwards) (Brit. Mus. E. African Expedition) ; Mt. Elgon, 
Butandiga, 7,000 ft., 12, 1935 (J. Ford) (B.M.). 

Conco: Ruanda, Blumba, 2,300 m., I 9, 6.xi.1953 (P. Basilewsky) (Tervuren 
Mus.) ; Kivu, Burunga, I 9, 5.xii.1925 (H. Schouteden) (Tervuren Mus.). 


Athalia nigripes Enslin 
*Athalia nigripes Enslin, 1912, Ergebn. Zentr. Afrik. Exp. 5: 51. 


Athalia asbolos Benson 


*Athalia asbolos Benson, 1961, Expl. Parc national Albert—Mission G. F. de Witte (1933-35), 
97:3 38: 


Athalia pulla Benson 


*Athalia pulla Benson, 1961, Expl. Parc national Albert—Mission G. F. de Witte (1933-35), 97 
19. 


Athalia armata Benson 


*Athalia armata Benson, 1961, Expl. Parc national Albert—Mission G. F. de Witte (1933-35), 
97 : 19-20. 


(vii) Group of himantopus 


Clypeus subtruncate in front and medially shorter than distance between antennal 
sockets (Text-fig. 18). Prelabium shorter than greatest measure of eye (Text-fig. 21). 
Tibial spurs long (inner hind spur at least as long as apical width of tibia). Claws 
simple. 2 hypopygium scarcely emarginate (cf. Text-fig. 25). Saw as in Text-fig. 45. 
6-5-8-5 mm. One species: A. himantopus Klug, in 3 geographical races with very 
few intermediates. 


I Wings uniformly + flavescent-hyaline . ; : 2 
- Wings with the apical halves + infuscate and the basal ee Aaveacent- hyaline. 
[2 with conspicuous glabrous patch each side of mesosternum. Larvae on 
Nasturtium sp. (A. J. M. Carnegie). Egypt, Sudan, lowland Ethiopia, 
Kenya, Uganda, Congo, Tanganyika, at Natal and Southern 
Rhodesia] ; : : . , . subsp. truncata Enslin 


378 ROBERT B. BENSON 


2 (1) Mesosternum of 2 with conspicuous glabrous on each side of middle. 
[Ethiopia] . ‘ . subsp. obsoleta subsp. nov. 
- Mesosternum of 2 densely pubescent all over. 
[Larvae on Brassica oleracea L. Basutoland and Cape Province] 
subsp. himantopus Klug 


Athalia himantopus himantopus Klug 


Athalia himantopus Klug, 1834, Jahrb. Ins. 1 : 293. 


Athalia himantopus obsoleta subsp. nov. 


As defined above. Ethiopia, Addis Abada, 7,500 ft. 8 J, 8 2 (including holotype, 
B.M. Hym., 1.771). 30.ix-13.x.1945 (K. M. Guichard). 


A. himantopus truncata (Enslin) stat. nov. 


* Athalia truncata Enslin, 1914, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 3 : 300. 


(viii) Group of vollenhoveni 


Clypeus excised medially (Text-figs. 19, 20). Prelabium shorter than greatest 
measure of eye (Text-fig. 21). Antenna with only 8th and following segments broader 
than long. Tibial spurs long (inner hind spur longer than apical width of tibia). 
Claws simple. On Cruciferae. 


I st tergite mainly pale with at most a black medial fleck and fore wings either bi- 
coloured [fuscous apex and hyaline base] or subhyaline : ; ’ : 2 
- ist tergite entirely black or fore wings uniformly infuscate 
2 (1) Fore wing subhyaline throughout. 9 hypopygium broadly emarginate each side 
of middle (cf. Text-fig. 32). 2° mesosternum uniformly pubescent. Saw (as in 
Text-fig. 45). 7-9 mm. 
[Larva on Raphanus vaphanistrum L. (J. S. Taylor). Natal, Southern Rho- 
desia, Basutoland and Cape Province] : 3° guillarmodi Benson 
- Fore wings with sharply contrasted fuscous apex and hyaline base. 9 hypopygium 
almost entire (cf. Text-fig. 35). (Q mesosternum with conspicuous glabrous 
patch. Saw as in Text-fig. 45. 65-9 mm. 
{Larva on various Cruciferae including Brassica rapa L. and B. oleracea L., 
on which it is a major pest (Le Pelley im lit., 1943). Congo, Uganda, 
Kenya, Tanganyika and Nyasaland] . é ; . GQ sjoestedti Konow 
3 (1) Malar space in 9 about three-quarters distance between antennal sockets (Text-fig. 
19) and in $ about half diameter of front ocellus. Q mesosternum with con- 
spicuous glabrous patch . ‘ 4 
- Malar space in 2 about as long as distance between antennal sockets (Text-fig. 
20) and in g about as long as diameter of front ocellus. 9 mesosternum without 
glabrous patch. (2 hypopygium only slightly emarginate behind) ; 5 
4 (3) Wings subhyaline throughout. 9 hypopygium excised on the hind margin each 
side of middle (Text-fig. 42). Saw as in Text-fig. 45. 65-8 mm. 
{Larvae on various Cruciferae including Brassica oleracea L. on which it is 
a major pest (Le Pelley im lit., 1943). on Kenya, Uganda and Tangan- 
yika] é : . . ‘ : : . 62 vollenhoveni Gribodo 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 379 


- Wings fuscous throughout. 2 hypopygium scarcely emarginate behind (cf. Text- 
fig. 35). Saw as in Text-fig. 42. Tibiae and tarsi vary from being only tipped 
apically with black to being + suffused with brown or black all over. 
[W. Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Congo] ; ; , 3? segregis Konow 
5 (3) Eyes in @ further apart in front than their greatest measure and in ¢ about four- 
fifths (0° ‘8: 1:0). Q hypopygium scarcely emarginate behind ee 30). 
Saw as in Text-fig. 45 : 6 
- Eyes in 2 with greatest measure slightly longer than their distance apart in front, 
and in ¢ their distance apart in front is about two-thirds their greatest measure 
(0-7: 1). Q hypopygium emarginate behind (cf. Text-fig. 32). Saw as in Text- 


fig. 45. 
[Wings fuscous throughout. 7-8 mm. Mountains of Kenya and Southern 
Rhodesia] ' ; 32 fuscata sp. nov. 


6 (5) Head, mesonotum and underthorax clothed i in long silvery pubescence. Wings 
subflavous to subinfuscate. 7-95 mm. 
[Adults on Lepidium sativum.L. which might be a host plant. Southern Arabia 
(Yemen and Hadramaut) and Ethiopia] 92 schweinfurthi schweinfurthi Konow 
- Pubescence on upper part of head and mesonotum fuscous ; on the rest of the 
head and underthorax short and silvery. Wings infuscate. 
[Kenya (Mt. Elgon and Aberdare Range) ] 
32 schweinfurthi atripennis subsp. nov. 


Athalia guillarmodi Benson 


*Athalia guillarmodi Benson, 1956, South African Animal Life, 3: 412-413. 


Athalia sjoestedti Konow 


*Athalia sjoestedti Konow, 1907, Schwed. Zool. Exp. Kilimandj. 8 : 4. 
*Athalia vollenhoveni var. infumata Mocsary, 1909, Amn. hist.-nat. Mus. hung. 7:12. syn. nov. 
*Athalia marginipennis Enderlein, 1919, S.-B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 9 : 354. 

Larva: Morstatt, 1913, Pflanzer, 9: 214. 


Athalia vollenhoveni Gribodo 


Athalia vollenhoveni Gribodo, 1879, Ann. Mus. Stor. nat. Genova, 14 : 346. 
A. vollenhoveni Grib., Benson, 1933, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 12: tot, fig a. 


Athalia segregis Konow 


*Athalia segregis Konow, 1907, Schwed. Zool. Exp. Kilimandj. 8: 4. 
*A. melanopoda Enslin, 1912, Ergebn. zentral.-Afrik. Exp. 4:55. syn. nov. 


Athalia fuscata sp. nov. 


2 Colour. Head and thorax black or piceous. Legs yellow with black coxae, tro- 
chanters and apices of tibiae and tarsal segments. Abdomen yellow except black 
apex of sawsheath and + Ist tergite. Wings uniformly infuscate ; stigma, costa. 
and subcosta of fore wing black ; rest of venation brownish. 

Structure. Antennae 9—Io segmented with all flagellar segments longer than broad. 
Head with malar space shorter than distance between antennal sockets (1-0 : 1-2). 
Eyes with their greatest measure slightly longer than their distance apart in front. 


380 ROBERT B. BENSON 


(1:2: 1-0). Hypopygium slightly emarginate behind (cf. Text-fig. 32). Saw with 
shallow teeth (c.f. Text-fig. 45). Length 5~7 mm. 

Pubescence dense on head and thorax, fuscous above, pale below ; mesosternum 
without glabrous patch. 

g as 2 except for sexual characters, that the clypeus and mandibles are pale, 
malar space about as long as 2 compound-eye facets and the distance between the 
eyes in front about two-thirds their greatest measure (0°7 : I). 

Kenya: Aberdare Range, 1 9 (Holotype B.M. Hym. 1.769), 27.x.1934 (PF. W. 
Edwards) (Brit. Mus. E. African Exped. 1934-35) ; S. and E. slopes of Mt. Kenya, 
at edge of forest, 6,000-7,000 ft., 2 9, 3-12.ii.1g1r (S. A. Neave) (B.M.); Teita 
Hills, (S.) 1 Q, viii.1947 (van Someren) (B.M.) ; Nyeri, 2 2, x.1948 (van Someren) 
(B.M.). 

SOUTHERN RHODESIA: Vumba Mountains I 9, xii.1933 (G. Arnold) (B.M.) ; 
Vumba Mountains, Umtali, 1 9, 19.i.1955 (B. Stuckenberg) (Natal Mus.) ; Chirinda 
Forest, I 2, 5.xXi.1955 (G. Arnold) (B.M.) ; Chirinda Forest, Mt. Selinda, 2 g, 25.1. 
1955 (B. Stuckenberg) (B.M. and Natal Mus.). 


Athalia schweinfurthi schweinfurthi Konow 


* Athalia schweinfurthi Konow, 1891, Wien ent. Zig. 10: 41. 
A. schweinfurthi Konow, Benson, 1933, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 12 : 100-102, fig. b. 


Athalia schweinfurthi atripennis subsp. nov. 


Differs from the typical subspecies (cf. Benson, 1933) in that the wings are uni- 
formly infuscate and that the pubescence on the upper part of the head and meso- 
notum are fuscous instead of long and silvery as it is on the underthorax. 

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, 10,500—13,000 ft., on flower heads of Senecio elgonensis Th. 
Fries, 1 2 (Holotype, B.M. Hym. 1.770), ii.1935 (F. W. Edwards) (B.M. E. Afr. 
Exped.) ; Mt. Elgon, 14,000 ft., 1 Q, ii.1935 (F. W. Edwards) (B.M.) ; Mt. Elgon, 
12,000-13,500, I 3, ii.1935 (F. W. Edwards) (B.M.) ; Mt. Elgon, 8,800 ft., I 9, 
6.v.1952 (G. Arnold) (B.M.) ; Aberdare Range, Nyeri Track, 10,500-11,000 ft., I &, 
13.V.1934 (F. W. Edwards) (B.M.). Elgon cratére, Maji Ya Moto, 3,460 m., I g, 
xii. 1953 (N. Leleup) (Tervuren Museum). 


17. SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM ATHALIINI 
*Athalia pelargonii Skaife, 1954, African Insect Life, pp. 312-313. (Holotype in 
B.M., Hym. 1.757) = Arge taeniata (Klug), syn. nov. 
*Athalia pleuritica Forsius, 1927, Not. ent. Helsingf. 7 : 98. (Holotype in B.M., Hym. 
1.326) = Neacidiophora pleuritica (Forsius), comb. nov. 


18 ABERRATIONAL AND OTHER NAMES HAVING 
NO SPECIFIC STANDING 


Athalia glabricollis ab. bulgarica Gregor, 1932, Act. Soc. ent. Bohem. (Csl.) 29 : 6. 
= glabricollis glabricolls. 
Athalia graellsti Dours, 1873, Mém. Soc. Linn. Nord de France, 3 : 20, nom. nud. 


A REVISION OF THE ATHALIINI 381 


Athalia lineolata var. cordatoides Priesner, 1928, Ent. Mitt. 17 : 283 = circularis 


circularis. 


Athalia lineolata var. libertoides Priesner, 1928 /.c. = circularis circulars. 

*Athalia maculata var. obscurata Konow = maculata. 

*Athalia rosae var. immaculata Konow, 1884, Dtsch. Ent. Z. 28 : 323 = liberta liberta. 
* Athalia rosae var. obscura Konow, 1884, Dtsch. Ent. Z. 28 : 323 = cordata. 
*Athalia rufoscutellata var. mocsaryi Konow, 1891, Désch. Ent. Z. 35: 214 = rufo- 


scutellata. 


*Athalia rufoscutellata var. nigroscutellata Konow, 1891, l.c. = rufoscutellata. 
*Athalia rufoscutellata var. pleuralis Konow, 18098, Wien ent. Zig. 17 : 230=rufo- 


scutellata. 


*Athalia ustipennis var. pectoralis Mocsary, 1909, Ann. hist.-nat. Mus. hung. 7 : 12 


= furvipenms. 


* Athalia vollenhoveni var. infumata Mocsary, 1909, Ann. hist.-nat. Mus. hung. 7 : 12 


= sjoestedti Konow. 


19. INDEX TO SPECIES OF ATHALIA 


abyssinica Forsius, 358, 361 

ahngeri Kokujev, 361, 362 

ancilla Cameron = glabricollis glabricollis, 
annulata Fabricus = bicolor, 

antennata Cameron, 368, 370 

armata Benson, 374, 377 

asbolos Benson, 374, 377 

assimilis Fallen = lugens lugens, 

atripennis Benson = schweinfurthi atripennis, 


bicolor Lepeletier, 356, 357 

bicoloy Saussure = incomta, 

birmanica Benson, 369, 371 
blanchardi Bouché = cordata, 

bolivavi Dusmet = circularis circularis, 
brevicornis Benson, 358, 361 


camtschatica Forsius = lugens proxima, 
centifoliae Panzer = rosae rosae, 

cerberus Benson, 373, 376 

circularis Klug, 364, 366 

circularis melanoptera Benson, 364, 365 
clavata Konow, 373, 375 

colibri Christ = rosae rosae, 

colibri kuroiwae = lugens proxima, 

concors Konow, 364, 366 

cordata Lepeletier, 364, 367 

cordata kashmirensis Benson = kashmirensis, 
cordatoides Kontuniemi= circularis circularis, 
cornubiae Benson, 368, 370 

cuspidata Benson, 355, 356 


decorata Konow, 357, 358 
decovata Konow, Benson nec Konow = picta, 


dimidiata Konow, 356 
dissona Konow, 372, 374 
dulcis Benson, 372, 374 


erythraspides Enslin = concors, 


flacca Konow = furvipennis, 

flammula Zhelochovtsev = scutellariae flam- 
mula, 

fumosa Gribodo = scioensis, 

furvipennis Konow, 374, 376 

fuscata Benson, 379 


gallericulatae Kontuniemi = scutellariae 
scutellariae, 

glabricollis Thomson, 361, 362 

glabricollis meridiana Benson, 361, 362 

guillarmodi Benson, 378, 379 


himantopus Klug, 378 

himantopus obsoleta Benson, 378 
himantopus truncata Enslin, 377, 378 
hummeli Benson, 364, 366 


incomta Konow, 358, 361 

indiana Benson, 364, 366 

infumata = sjoestedti, 

infumata Marlatt = lugens infumata, 
japanensis Rohwer = rosae ruficornis, 
japonica Klug, 369, 371 


kansuensis Benson, 369, 371 
kashmirensis Benson, 364, 367 


382 ROBERT 


kuvoiwae Matsumura & Uchida = lugens 
proxima, 


laevigata Mocsary = incomta, 

leucostoma Cameron = rosae ruficornis, 
liberta Klug, 368, 370 

liberta yanoi Takeuchi, 368, 370 

limpopo Benson, 373, 374 

lineolata Lepeletier = circularis circularis, 
longifoliae Kontuniemi = circularis circularis, 
lugens Klug, 369, 371 

lugens infumata Marl, 369, 371 

lugens kansuensis Benson = kansuensis, 
lugens proxima Klug, 369, 371 


maculata Mocsary, 357 

malagassa Saussure, 368, 370 

marginipennis Enderlein = sjoestedti, 
maritima Kirby = rufoscutellata, 
mashonensis Enslin = ustipennis, 

mellis Benson, 373, 375 

melanopteva Benson = circularis melanoptera, 
melanopoda Enslin = segregis, 

meridiana Benson = glabricollis meridiana, 


nigriceps Konow, 358, 361 

nigripes Konow, 374, 377 

nigromaculata Cameron, 369, 370 

nigromaculata sikkimensis Benson = sikki- 
mensis, 

nigronotum Matsumura = japonica, 

novittola Kokujev = japonica, 


obsoleta Benson = himantopus obsoleta, 
orientalis Cameron = lugens proxima, 
paradoxa, Konow, 368, 370 

paveli Mocsary, 357 

pelargonii Skaife = Arge taeniata Klug, 
picta Benson, 364, 366 

pleuritica Forsius = Neacidiophora pleuritica, 
pluto Benson, 373, 376 


BENSON 


pulla Benson, 

pullicoma Konow,373, 375 

przevalskyi Jakovlev = Hypsathalia prze- 
valskyi, - 


rosae L., 368, 370 

vosaé var.  circularis 
circularis, 

rosae ruficornis Jakovlev, 358, 370 

vuficornis Jakovlev = rosae ruficornis, 

rufoscutellata Mocsary, 357, 358 


Klug = circularis 


salicis Schrank = rosae, 

scapulata Konow, 369, 371 

schoutedeni Forsius, 372, 374 
schweinfurthi Konow, 379, 380 
schweinfurthi atripennis Benson, 369, 380 
scioensis Gribodo, 364, 366 

scutellariae Cameron, 355, 356 


- scutellariae flammula Zhelochovtsev, 355, 356 


segregis Konow, 379 
sikkimensis Benson, 368, 370 
similis Mocsary = concors, 
sjoestedti Konow, 378, 379 
spinarum Fabr. = rosae, 


tibialis Cameron = lugens proxima, 
tristis Forsius = lugens proxima, 
truncata Enslin = himantopus truncata, 
turneri Forsius, 361, 362 


umbrosa Benson, 374, 376 
ustipennis Mocsary, 373, 376 


ventralis Fallén = lugens lugens, 
veronicae Takeuchi = kashmirensis, 
vollenhoveni Gribodo, 378, 379 
xantha Benson, 364, 366 


zanzibarica Forsius, 361, 362 


ON take TYPE SPECIES OF 


FOERSTER’S GENERA 
(HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) 


” Oe 
™ 
J. E. PERKINS va ame 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 8 
LONDON : 1962 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 
(HYMENOPTERA : ICHNEUMONIDAE) 


BY 


J. E.. PERKINS y., 4 
) 


British Museum (Natural History 


1.2 JUN 262 
\ - 


y 


Te 


Pp. 383-483 ; 5 Text-figures 


BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 


ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 11 No. 8 
LONDON: 1962 


THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is 
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments 
of the Museum, and an Historical series. 


Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become 
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four 
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed 
within one calendar year. 

Ths paper is Vol. 11, No. 8 of the Entomological 
sertes. The abbreviated titles of periodicals cited follow 
those of the World List of Scientific Periodicals. 


© Trustees of the British Museum, 1962 


PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM 


Issued 8 June, 1962 Price Thirty five Shillings 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 
(HYMENOPTERA : ICHNEUMONIDAE) 


By J. F. PERKINS 


CONTENTS Page 
INTRODUCTION. : ‘ : : , . : : ; - 385 
THOMSON’S TREATMENT OF FOERSTER’S GENERA . ; , ; > £209 
FOERSTER GENERA First USED BY BRISCHKE : ; : : = £390 
GENERA OF WHICH NO SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN SEEN. : : - 393 
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES ; 2 ; ‘ , , - 393 
List OF TYPE SPECIES OF THE FOERSTER GENERA OF ICHNEUMONIDAE . 400 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . : : : : ; , ‘ , - 464 
REFERENCES i ‘ F i , : : : : : - 465 
INDEX : : : ‘ F ‘ ‘ : . : : - 471 

SYNOPSIS 


Foerster described 489 genera with no included species. 

Notes are given on Thomson’s treatment of certain of these genera, and it is concluded that in 
all cases where his spelling differed from that of Foerster, he was emending the names. The species 
described by Brischke and placed in Foerster’s genera are discussed and synonymy given. A 
complete list of the type species of the Foerster genera of Ichneumonidae is included and species 
are placed in most of the genera to which no species have been previously assigned. In some 
genera, inclusions of species have been found earlier than those known to Viereck. Synonymy 
has been brought up to date. 


INTRODUCTION 


THE purpose of this paper is to select type species for those genera of Foerster 
1868 : 135-221 which were described without included species in his key to genera of 
Ichneumonidae, and for which no previous designations have been made. For this, 
I have been able to visit Munich to see those parts of the Foerster collection housed in 
the Bayerische Staatssammlung, and I have also been able to see material of the out- 
standing genera of which representatives are present in the Berlin and Vienna 
Museums. There still remain some nineteen genera of which I have been unable to 
see material and of which I have as yet been unable to form any conclusions as to 
which species are indicated. Due to the kindness of Miss Luella Walkley, a microfilm 
copy of the Foerster manuscripts in the U.S. National Museum has been sent to me, 
but these notes unfortunately provide no further information as to the identity 
of these nineteen genera. 

From Opinion 46 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 


ENTOM., II, 8 22 


386 J. F. PERKINS 


the selection of type species, where already made, is fixed however ill these may agree 
with the original diagnosis. It is to be hoped that no reversal of this policy will be 
made in relation to the Foerster genera, as even in Europe the first included species 
are all too frequently completely different from the species included in the Foerster 
collection, and could not be recognized from the key. It should be pointed out, as 
well, that certain of the species (sometimes unique) placed in a particular genus by 
Foerster are quite impossible to run in his key ; in a number of cases, his genera were 
based on freak specimens. 

Of the species contained under the genera in the Foerster collection, and the type 
species which have been selected for these genera, those of the Diplazoninae form 
a good example, and the position in relation to these genera is given below. 

Bassus (=Diplazon) contained the common species usually placed in this genus by 
European authors, together with bizonarius Gravenhorst. 

Promethes contained the species normally included in this genus except for those 
placed in certain of the segregates given below. 

Bioblapsis. The single specimen placed under this name in the Munich collection 
is a remarkable species otherwise unknown to me. The form of the clypeus is similar 
to that found in Diplazon, but as stated by Foerster, it is broader, as is the whole 
face ; also the face is in greater part polished with only a trace of sculpture (at the 
sides of the epistoma and the orbits of the eyes) between the conspicuous punctures ; 
the carinae of the propodeum are similar to Diplazon, but the notauli are lacking on 
the mesoscutum ; the broad gaster has no central, longitudinal carina on tergite I 
and no transverse grooves ; tergite 2 is smooth between the clear punctures in the 
basal two-thirds. Type species, Bassus flavipes Holmgren. 

Liopsis was described for Promethes [Bassus] festivus (Gravenhorst). This is the 
only European species known to me that would run to this genus in the key, and 
within Promethes is a very peculiar species. Type species, Promethes |Bassus] sulcator 
(Gravenhorst). 

Zootrephes contained not only holmgrenti (Bridgman) and rufiventris (Gravenhorst) 
but also Bassus cinctus Gravenhorst. Type species, Bassus (Zootrephes) hilaris 
Woldstedt. 

Syrphoctonus contained the flavolineatus group together with Bassus pectoratorius 
Gravenhorst and a very small specimen of Bassus tarsatorius Panzer. Type species, 
Bassus biguttatus Gravenhorst. 

Aniarophron is represented by Zemiophora scutulata (Hartig), a Euryproctine with 
tridentate mandibles. Type species, Aniarophron niger Szépligeti. 

Phthorima is represented by signatus Gravenhorst. Type species, Phthorima 
[Bassus] compressa (Desvignes). 

Enizemum is represented by ornatus (Gravenhorst), which has been selected as the 
type species of the genus. 

Homotropus contained the pictus and elegans groups of species. Type species, 
Homocidus |Bassus| elegans (Gravenhorst). 

Thus Bioblapsis, Liopsis, Zootrephes, Aniarophron and Phthorima are used for 
concepts which do not agree with the original material of Foerster. However, the 
genera of the Diplazoninae have been better recognized than in other subfamilies. 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 387 
THOMSON’S TREATMENT OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 


A further problem that has caused considerable trouble is the emendations made by 
Thomson in his Opuscula Entomologica when taking up the Foerster names. I agree 
completely with Miss Walkley’s conclusion that the Thomson usage was purely as 
emendations of the Foerster names (Walkley 1958). Neave, 1939-40, also lists these 
names as emendations. : 

It is as well, perhaps, to give a brief account of the manner in which Thomson 
used this work of Foerster. References are given to relevant pages in Thomson’s 
Opuscula Entomologica. Although Foerster’s paper appeared in 1868, Thomson made 
no use of it until 1874. Thomson 1874 : 589 explains his reason for his action by the 
fact that Foerster had stated in his introduction that he proposed to give full descrip- 
tions of the genera later, and in particular to fix type species ; however, Thomson 
now proposed to try and recognize these genera though finding this very difficult 
due to the lack of clarity and precision in the opposed characters of the key, and he 
suggested that certain of his own genera were the same as certain of Foerster’s 
genera. Thomson only took up a limited number of these names where he thought 
that they would be taxonomically useful (1889 : 1361), and when he placed them as 
subgenera he made them agree in gender with the generic name, or with the genus of 
which he considered them to be segregates (cf. his treatment of the Plectiscinae and 
Mesoleius). Thomson 1889a : 1408 states that through Schmiedeknecht’s work on 
the Pimplinae, he has an insight into the Foerster genera and proceeds to use them, 
though some are misspelled. 

Thomson discussed Foerster’s work at some length in his introduction to Mesoleius 
(1892a : 1870-1), again pointing out that many of Foerster’s segregates are based 
on superficial characters. Of Aeolometis he states that Dr. Kriechbaumer had sent 
him the type of that genus, the only type that he examined, which showed that the 
specimen was a Scolobates italicus with the femur eaten out by Dermestes. This genus 
was used by Thomson but misprinted Aelometis which has been regarded by certain 
workers as a name distinct from Aeolometis for nomenclatorial purposes. He then 
proceeds to use many of the Foerster names making them masculine to agree with 
Mesoleius. Thomson never quoted any author for these Foerster names and thus they 
appear in the same format as his own new genera. This seems to have been one of the 
main reasons for subsequent authors having assumed that Thomson did not recognize 
the Foerster names as valid and was proposing new names based on but distinct from 
those of Foerster. It appears to me, therefore, that if any of these names are regarded as 
new genera of Thomson, then all should be so accepted. No author has gone as far as 
this, but some have accepted that in certain cases Thomson was actually using the 
Foerster genera. The position, however, is really placed beyond doubt by the state- 
ment quoted by Miss Walkley in relation to the Diplazoninae where Thomson 1890 : 
1462 stated that while Holmgren and Gravenhorst placed all the species in Bassus, 
Foerster made many new genera, some of the names of which he (Thomson) was using. 

Below is given a list of the names which are affected by the applications of the above 
considerations, together with types selected by Thomson for genera of Foerster in his 
various introductions to groups and genera and which have been overlooked. It 
also includes overlooked inclusion of species given by Thomson. 


388 J. F. PERKINS 


Aeolometis Foerster 
Type species, Scolobates italicus Gravenhorst 
Thomson 1892a : 1870 (as Aelometis [sic] Thomson 18944 : 2034) 


Anitlasta [sic] Foerster Thomson = Anzlastus Foerster 
Type species, Campoplex ebeninus Gravenhorst 


Morley 1913 : 493 
Apechtis [sic] Foerster Thomson = A pechthis Foerster 


Aphanoroptra [sic] Foerster Thomson = A phanoroptrum Foerster 
Type species, Aphanoroptra ruficornis (Pimpla Grav.) [lapsus pro Lissonota| = 
Aphanoroptrum abdominals (Gravenhorst) 
Thomson 1877 : 736 (Monobasic) 


Asthenarus [sic] Foerster Thomson = A sthenara Foerster 
Type species, Asthenarus crassifemur Thomson (Monobasic) 
Thomson 1889a : 1437 


Astiphrommus [sic] Foerster Thomson = A stiphromma Foerster 
Barytarbus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Barytarbes Foerster 


Colocnema Foerster 
Type species, Cryptus rufinus Gravenhorst 
Thomson 1874 : 590 


Diaparsus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Diaparsis Foerster 


Dyspetus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Dyspetes Foerster 
Type species, Tvyphon praerogator (Linnaeus) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 nec Linnaeus 
Thomson 1883 : 899 


Entelechius [sic] Foerster Thomson = Entelechia Foerster 
Entypomus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Entypoma Foerster 
Epachtus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Epachthes Foerster 
Euryproctus Holmgren 


Type species, Mesoleptus annulatus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Thomson 1894 : 1985 
This type designation has previously been overlooked. 


Gonotypa [sic] Foerster Thomson = Gonotypus Foerster 
Himertus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Himerta Foerster 
Hodostatus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Hodostates Foerster 
Holocremna [sic] Foerster Thomson = Holocremnus Foerster 


Homotropus Foerster Thomson 
Thomson, 1890 refers species definitely to this genus as follows :— 
P- 1475 signatus, p. 1484 2-guttatus, p. 1487 signatus and pallipes. 
In the key to genera, p. 1465, he refers to the genus as Homotropus but on p. 1488 
the name is printed as Homoporus. This seems to be an obvious lapsus since he states 
(p. 1464) that he is taking up certain of the Foerster genera. Thomson had already 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 389 


used Homoporus for a genus of Chalcids and Morley proposed the new name Homocidus 
for the Ichneumonid Homoporus. The type species for both these genera, if considered 
available names, must therefore be the same, H. elegans (Gravenhorst) by designation 
of Viereck, 1912 (cf. Walkley 1958 : 57) ; the selection of pectoratorius (Gravenhorst) 
for Homoporus by Viereck, 1914 is invalid. 

The selection by Davis 1895 of bicapillaris (Walsh) as the type species of Homo- 
tropus is anyway invalid as Thomson had already referred species definitely to this 
genus, even if it is not accepted that Homoporus was a lapsus. 

I accept Homoporus as being a lapsus for Homotropus and that elegans (Gravenhorst) 
is the type species of Homotropus. If this view is not upheld, then the type must be 
chosen from signatus (Gravenhorst), biguttatus (Gravenhorst) and pallipes (Holmgren). 


Homoporus Thomson lapsus for Homotropus Foerster 


Labrossytus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Labrossyta Foerster 
Type species, Ichneumon scotopterus Gravenhorst (Monobasic) 
Thomson 1894 : 2001 


Lagarotus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Lagarotis Foerster 
Lathrolestus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Lathrolestes Foerster 
Lathrostiza [sic] Foerster Thomson = Lathrostizus Foerster 
Luphyroscopus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Laphyroscopus Foerster 
Type species, Trvyphon gorskit Ratzeburg 
Viereck 1914 : 87 
Olesicampa [sic] Foerster Thomson = Olesicampe Foerster 
Omorga [sic] Foerster Thomson = Omorgus Foerster 
Pammicrus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Pammicra Foerster 


Parabatus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Parabates Foerster 
Type species, Parabatus nigricarpus Thomson 
Endelein 1912 : 106 


Perispudus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Perispuda Foerster 


|Phaestus Foerster 
Type species, Phaestus heterocerus Thomson. (Monobasic) 
Thomson 1894 : 2017] 


Phobetus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Phobetes Foerster 

Type species, Tvyphon fuscicornis Holmgren 

Viereck I914 : II5 
Phobocampa [sic] Foerster Thomson = Phobocampe Foerster 
Phthorimus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Phthorima Foerster 
Polycinetus Foerster Thomson emendation pro Polycinetis Foerster q.v. 
Polyrhysius [sic] Foerster Thomson = Polyrhysia Foerster 
Polytreres [sic] Foerster Thomson = Polytrera Foerster 


[Proedrus Foerster 
Type species, Hemiteles luteolator Gravenhorst 
Thomson 1889 : 1360. } 


390 J: FF, PEEKINS 


Rhaestus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Rhaestes Foerster 
Type species, Grypocentrus rufipes Holmgren (Monobasic) 
Thomson 1883 : 924 


Saotus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Saotis Foerster 
Thomson 1883 : 933-944. (Many species) 
Type species, Mesoleius (Saotus) brevispinas Thomson 
Viereck 1914 : 130 
Scopesus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Scopesis Foerster 
Spudaeus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Spudaea Foerster 
Type species, Tvyphon leucostomus Gravenhorst 
Viereck 1914: 136 
The Brischke species, Trematopygus (Spudaea) clypearis Brischke, 1888 is invalid 
as type species, as Thomson had already used the genus 


Synodytes [sic] Foerster Thomson = Synodites Foerster 


Thymarus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Thymaris Foerster 
Already used by Brischke 
Type species, Thymaris pulchricornis Brischke 


Trichocalymmus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Trichocalymma Foerster 
Already used by Woldstedt 
Type species, Trichocalymma bipunctatum Woldstedt 


Zemiophorus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Zemtophora Foerster. 


Zootrephus [sic] Foerster Thomson = Zootrephes Foerster 
Already used by Woldstedt 
Type species, Bassus (Zootrephes) hilaris Woldstedt 


FOERSTER GENERA FIRST USED BY BRISCHKE 


Considerable confusion still exists in the identity of certain of the Foerster genera 
which were first used by Brischke for species described by himself. This has been 
made worse by the loss of the Brischke types. In order to try to rationalize the 
position, some notes on the possible interpretation of these species are given below. 


Bachia 
Type species, Phygadeuon (Bachia) testaceipes Brischke = Endasys Foerster 
sec Habermehl and Schmiedeknecht. 


Bathymetis 
Type species, Phygadeuon (Bathymetis) cylindricus Brischke. 
This species has never been recognized by any author, and is omitted by Schmiede- 
knecht. The description gives no clue at present to the possible identity of the species. 


Chanitopes 
Type species, Hemiteles (Charitopes) chrysopae Brischke. 
From Brischke’s description, this species would agree best with a specimen sent to 
the British Museum, named by Schmiedeknecht as Hemiteles flavigaster Schmiede- 
knecht. It is closely related to Hemiteles brunneus Morley (syn. H. hemerobii Pfankuch, 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 391 


syn. n.) and belongs to a group of species which seem all to be parasites of 
Hemerobius. 


Dimophora 
Type species, Dimophora robusta Brischke. 
This Cremastine appears to have been correctly recognized. 


Erigorgus 
See notes in the general list of types, p. 412 


Gambrus 
Type species, Gambrus (Cryptus) maculatus Brischke. 
From the description it would appear that this was probably the male of Gambrus 
ornatus (Gravenhorst), and anyway seems to agree best with some species of Gambrus 
auctt. if considered to be distinct from ornatus. 


Hypocryptus 
Type species, Mesoleptus (Hypocryptus) testaceicornis Brischke. 


This species has never been placed and I have been unable to recognize any species 
as probably agreeing with the description. 


Ischnobatis 

Type species, Thersilochus [emend. pro Ter-] (Ischnobatis) stramineipes Brischke 
(Monobasic). Brischke 1880 : 194. 

Porizon nigritulus Gravenhorst ?, placed by Brischke in Jschnobatis, is not available 
for selection as type and thus Viereck’s selection of this species is invalid. 

T. (I.) straminetpes was originally reared from galls of Pontania and appears to be 
the species that can be obtained fairly readily from the Balaninus which inhabits 
these. As at present understood, Luchatema Walkley, 1956 is a synonym of this genus. 


Kaltenbachia 
Type species, Kaltenbachia ornatus (Gravenhorst). 

Brischke quoted ? ornatus Gravenhorst as belonging to this genus and hence placed 
no determined species in it. However, Dalla Torre 1902 : 552 quotes ornatus Graven- 
horst as belonging to this genus and hence this should be taken as the reference for the 
first included species. Kaltenbachia, therefore, remains as a synonym of Gambrus. 
The species placed by Schmiedeknecht in Kaltenbachia should therefore be transferred 
to Nyxeophilus Foerster. 


Medophron 
Type species, Medophron niger Brischke. 

This species has been synonymized with Phygadeuon afflictor Gravenhorst, and might 
well have have been that species. It is very probable that when the various segregates 
recognized in the North American fauna are investigated in relation to the European, 
that Medophron will be considered a distinct genus. 


Naetes 
Type species, Hemiteles (Naetes) rufus Brischke, 1892. 
I believe this species to be a synonym of Hemiteles hadrocerus Thomson, 1884 


392 j}. he. PERRANS 


syn.n. For the present, I regard this genus as a synonym of Orthizema; 
neither has come into usage and therefore page priority is accepted. 


Notosemus 
Type species, Notosemus dives Brischke, 1887 = N. bohemani (Wesmael, 1855). 


Orthizema 
Type species, Hemiteles (Orthizema) ornatus Brischke, 1890. 
I believe this species to be a synonym of Hemiteles subannulatus Bridgman, 1883 
syn. n.; probably H. triannulatus Thomson, 1884 is also the same species. 


Phradis 
Type species, Thersilochus (Phradis) brevis Brischke. 
I do not know this species. 


Phyzelus 
Type species, Phyzelus fasciatus Brischke. 

I believe this species to be Phyzelus flagitator (Rossi) comb. n. syn. n., which 
has been placed in Acanthocryptus by Schmiedeknecht who, although discussing 
Phyzelus, retained all the species in the one genus. I consider these two genera to be 
distinct. 


Thaumatotypus 
Type species, Thaumatotypus femoralis Brischke, 188r1. 
Syn. Pezomachus myrmecinus Thomson sec Roman and Pfankuch. 
This species belongs to the group to which the name Thaumatogelis Schmiedeknecht 
has been applied. 


Thymaris 
Type species, Thymaris pulchricornis Brischke. 


Thystotorus 
Type species, Hemiteles (Physiotorus [sic]) brevipennis Brischke. 

This species has been synonymized with Hemiteles hemipterus (Fabricius) Graven- 
horst. Both Chamerpes and Phyrtus have the same type species. These latter have 
been synonymized by Townes with Eviflanus but this seems to me to be doubtful. 

It seems incredible that Brischke could ever have intended to use the name 
Thysiotorus for this segregate, for Thysiotorus as used by Foerster is at once recog- 
nizable as referring to the group of species placed under this name by Cushman 1920 
including Leptocryptus lamina Thomson and the related species of the European 
fauna. It appears to me much more likely that Brischke wrote Physiotorus as a 
lapsus for Phyrtus, which, after all, is in the section dealing with brachypterous 
forms in Foerster’s key. Further, many specimens of hemipterus would run to Phyrtus. 

Of the three new genera of brachypterous Phygadeuontoidae described by Foerster 
in 1868, the specimens standing under those names in the part of the Foerster collection 
in Munich were as follows :— 

Pezoporus—Theroscopus hemipterus (Fabricius). 
Phyrtus—Plectocryptus scansor Thomson 2 (=grisescens Gravenhorst 3). 
Chamaezelus—Stibeutes heinemanni Foerster. 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 393 


A further name, attributed by Brischke to Foerster appears as a synonym of 
Orthopelma Taschenberg, namely Tanypelma (Brischke, 1881 : 348). Since the status 
of names first appearing in synonymy is likely to continue to be a subject of contro- 
versy, it is thought advisable at least to call attention again to this name. 


GENERA OF WHICH NO SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN SEEN 


In spite of the search made in the remaining parts of the Foerster Collection, no 
specimens have been seen representing the following genera, and it has so far been 
impossible to suggest what species Foerster may have had before him. It is therefore 
thought inadvisable to select type species for these genera at the present time. They 
are listed below under the family group name employed by Foerster. 


Phygadeuontoidae 
Epiphobus 
Porizonoidae 
Epistathmus 
Campoplegoidae 
Asinamora Olethrodotis 
Dioratica Pantropa 
Dolophron Rhexineura 
Tryphonoidae 
Alcochera Phagesorus 
Aselasma Trysicampe 
Camporychus Xenonastes 
Hyperbatus Zapedias 
Nythophona Zaphthora 
Paraplesius 


Names which are homonyms have not been considered as they need have no 
standing in nomenclature, viz. : 


Adranes Ithagenes 
Daspfletis Plesiomma 
Hybristes Tolmerus 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES 


In four cases, it has been impossible to determine the species placed by Foerster 
under his genus, and these are described as new. Three of the genera are then 
considered to be synonyms, Stygera of Cremnodes, Pemon of Lysibia and Gunopaches 
of Phygadeuon, though when, as seems probable, this latter genus is split up, itis 
possible that Gunopaches may constitute a recognizable segregate. 


394 J. F. PERKINS 


Subfamily CRYPTINAE 
Gunopaches crassus sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 1) 


Head: temples roundly narrowed behind the eyes; POL: OOL 2:0°6; malar space long, 
length of malar space : breadth of base of mandible = 6: 5; genal sulcus not impressed, repre- 
sented by a line of coriaceous sculpture ; genal carina meeting the hypostomal carina far behind 


Fic. 1. Gunopaches crassus sp. n. 9 


the base of the mandible ; clypeus with two small, apical teeth ; epistoma weakly differentiated 
and weakly raised; frons sparsely punctate, vertex weakly coriaceous or smooth, the genae 
polished, clypeus with scattered punctures, face with scattered, shallow punctures, coriaceous 
and in part tending to striae; antenna thickened apically, approximately 17-segmented, 
segments 3, 4 and 5 in the proportion 15: 16:11. 

Thorax : pronotal groove somewhat transstriate ; notauli distinctly impressed to about one- 
fifth ; disc of mesoscutum coriaceous, and together with the central lobe, having shallow, 
ill-defined punctures, the lateral lobes polished with faint, sparse punctures ; scutellum punctate 


a 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 395 


apically and laterally, the scutellar fovea with longitudinal striae ; sternauli deeply impressed ; 
the pleura polished, with the disc very weakly alutaceous, becoming somewhat rugose-punctate 
anteriorly ; subalar prominence short, rounded, merging into a conspicuous, posterior carina 
before and above the subalar pit ; sternum short, weakly, shallowly punctate, the epicnemial 
carina strong, the mesolcus broadly closed posteriorly ; propodeum with conspicuous areae, 
the area superomedia a regular hexagon and polished, the area dentipara with the posterior 
carina strongly developed but not produced into an apical tubercle or spine, weakly sculptured, 
the area petiolaris with coarse, coriaceous sculpture which is very weak anteriorly and becoming 
strong posteriorly, the posterior lateral areae rugose ; metapleurae polished, with a few, shallow, 
scattered punctures and somewhat striate posteriorly ; metapleural carina strongly developed. 
Front wing with vein 37m translucent, base of cell 2M a little longer than Cu,b, Cua a little 
postfurcal. Hind wing with the apical abscissa of Cu, faint or absent, Cu, and cua subvertical 
and hardly angled. Hind leg with the femur not conspicuously thickened, tibia fat, narrowing 
apically and strongly narrowing basally, spurs subequal, the apical tarsal segments in the 
proportions 10: 3:9:11; front tibia thickened, but not conspicuously inflated. 

Gaster with tergite 1 having weak carinae to beyond the spiracles, the postpetiole somewhat 
raised centrally, coriaceous but tending to become longitudinally striate apically ; tergite 2 
weakly, coarsely coriaceous and with scattered hairs laterally and subapically ; the following 
segments polished, tergite 3 with a sub-basal band of hairs and a subapical row of hairs, tergites 
4 and 5 sparsely hairy ; laterotergite 2 moderately broad, inflexed, of 3 weakly inflexed ; 
ovipositor sheaths, seen ventrally : first hind tarsal segment = 7: 6. 

Colour: black; tergite 2 sordid testaceous, scape sordid testaceous beneath ; legs sordid 
testaceous with at least the hind coxa, hind tibia basally and apically and the hind tarsus 
fuscous. 

Length: 3 mm. 


3. Unknown. 

HoLotTyPe. 9. Hym. 3b. 2058. SwEDEN: Skane ; Degeberga, 8.vii.1938 (J. F. 
and D. M. S. Perkins) (B.M. Coll.). 

PARATYPES. SWEDEN: Blekinge; Sjéarp, 29, 28.v.1953 (K. J. Hegqvist.) 
(B.M. Coll.). ? GERMANY: I 2 (under Gunopaches in Foerster Coll. in Munich Museum), 
I 2 (under Pantolispa in Foerster Coll. in Berlin Museum). 

This species is distinguished by the clypeus having two teeth, vein 3 rm 
unpigmented, the propodeum short and tergites 1 and 2 with coriaceous sculpture. 


Pemon proximum sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 2) 


Having the generic characters given for Haplaspis Townes 1944. Related to 
Hemiteles nanus Gravenhorst 1829. 


Head: the vertex and frons almost without sculpture, strongly shining ; occipital carina at 
most faintly visible centrally ; genal carina meeting the hypostomal carina immediately behind 
the base of the mandible; antenna with 24 segments, antenna of the type without the apical 
segments. 

Thorax: pronotum laterally with only very short striae posteriorly and sparse punctures 
towards the upper margin ; mesopleurum with three or four striae in front of the pit, with weak, 
scattered punctures anteriorly, and the sternaulus only extending to about two-thirds the length 
of the mesopleurum ; mesosternum weakly, though rather closely punctate and shining ; 
propodeum dorsally and apically strongly shining, with irregular rugae associated only with the 
carinae, the lateral carina absent ; metapleurum shining, in greater part without sculpture. 


396 J. F. PERKINS 


Gaster shining, with tergite 1 subapically striate punctate, rather broadly smooth and polished 
apically ; tergite 2 with a crenulate, transverse furrow at two-thirds the distance from the base, 
polished behind this, coarsely punctate basally, the punctures in part fusing into striae, the 
punctures becoming sparser towards the furrow ; tergite 3 with a weak transverse impression, 
sparsely, finely punctate basally ; the following segments without clear punctures. 


“Bpali® 


Fic. 2. Pemon proximum sp. n. Q. 


Colour: black to piceous; scape and pedicel in greater part pale testaceous ; mandibles 
yellow with the teeth black; palps white; hind angle of pronotum and the tegula yellow ; 
gaster with the apical segments red laterally, the tergites narrowly dull reddish apically, the last 
two tergites white-membranous apically ; legs pale testaceous, the front and middle coxae, 
trochanters and trochantelli yellow, the hind coxa usually infuscate basally, hind trochanter 
and trochantellus yellow, hind femur weakly infuscate dorsally, hind tibia infuscate apically 
and the last hind tarsal segment infuscate. 

Length: 4 mm. 


ON THE EY PE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 397 


HoLotyPe. 9. Europe: type locality unknown (A. Foerster Coll.) (Berlin. 
Humboldt University Zoological Museum). 

PARATYPE. ENGLAND: Suffolk; Monks’ Soham, 9, 26.viii.1929, on window 
(C. Morley) (B.M. Coll.). 

Very closely related to Haplaspis ceylonensis Kerrich from Ceylon, and differing 
from that species in the interrupted occipital carina, the transverse area superomedia, 
the absence of striae towards the base of the petiole, centrally, and in the piceous, 
not yellow, clypeus. 

This genus belongs to that group which has the transverse pronotal groove con- 
spicuously interrupted centrally. A further point of interest in relation to Lysibia 
(syn. Pemon, Haplaspis) is that the long malar space is without the usual longitudinal 
band of coriaceous sculpture. 


Stygera Foerster 


Possesses the characters given for Caenomeris Foerster by Townes 1944, of which 
it is a synonym. It seems most probable that both are congeneric with the strongly 
brachypterous Cremnodes Foerster and for the present I regard both Caenomeris 
and Stygera as synonyms of Cremnodes. 

It is possible that the Foerster specimen may be distinct specifically from the 
individual described herewith, but as the propodeal carinae are malformed, it is 
advisable not to describe it at the present time. 


Stygera rufipes sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 3) 


Head: temples large, subparallel directly behind the eyes, then convexly narrowed ; malar 
space long, malar space: breadth of base of mandible = 3:2; genal carina meeting the hypo- 
stomal carina conspicuously behind the base of the mandible; mandibles rather broad, con- 
spicuously narrowed apically, and with the upper tooth longer and larger than the lower ; 
clypeus produced apically into a strong central tooth, punctate basally ; epistoma hardly 
differentiated ; frons, temples and genae polished, the malar space coriaceous with sparse 
punctures, the face coriaceous, more weakly so centrally and towards the eyes, with scattered 
punctures ; interantennal tubercle strong; antenna with 18 segments, the segments of the 
flagellum somewhat thickened apically, narrowed and somewhat elongate basally ; flagellar 
segments I, 2 and 3 in the proportions 15 : 12: 10. 

Thorax: mesoscutum and scutellum with very shallow, sparse punctures, evenly hairy ; 
scutellar fovea weakly striate; mesopleurum shining, glabrous centrally, with very weak 
sculpture anteriorly ; sternaulus deeply inpressed anteriorly, somewhat longitudinally striate 
posteriorly ; epicnemial carina distinct and well-developed ; mesosternum similar in sculpture to 
the mesopleurum, and rather short ; propodeum with the area superomedia fused with the area 
petiolaris and abruptly descending as in Stilpnines; costula absent, the remaining carinae 
distinct ; area petiolaris polished, area dentipara weakly, coarsely coriaceous ; metapleurum 
rugose beneath. Wings as described for Caenomeris, with the venation somewhat retracted 
towards the base of the wing. Legs rather thin ; hind leg with the coxa coriaceous, femur not 
thickened, tibia little thickened, narrowed basally, the spurs subequal, rather long, as long as or 
a little longer than the second hind tarsal segment. 

Gaster : tergite 1 subparallel-sided with the spiracles a little prominent, the petiole weakly 
bicarinate to the spiracles, postpetiole raised centrally ; tergite 1 coriaceous laterally and 
apically, the sculpture tending towards longitudinal striae, with a subapical row of hairs and 


398 J. F. PERKINS 


scattered hairs laterally ; tergite 2 rather broad, faintly, coarsely coriaceous, sparsely hairy 
laterally, with one or two hairs subbasally, a row of sparse hairs centrally and a row of sparse hairs 
at the apical two-thirds ; laterotergites of segment 2 somewhat narrow; rest of the gaster 
narrowing from the apex of tergite 2 to the apex of the gaster, polished ; tergite 3 with sparse 


Fic. 3. Stygera rufipes sp. n. 9. 


hairs laterally and rows of sparse hairs at one-third and two-thirds from the base ; the following 
segments sparsely hairy, on tergite 4 reduced to a transverse row centrally ; ovipositor sheaths 
a little shorter than the first segment of the hind tarsus. 

Colour: black; the scape, beneath, and the basal segments of the flagellum dirty-pale 
testaceous ; tegulae yellow ; legs pale testaceous, the hind tibia somewhat infuscate basally and 
apically and the hind tarsi weakly infuscate ; tergite 2 pale testaceous, infuscate laterally, tergite 
3 pale testaceous, infuscate laterally and apically. 

Length: 3 mm. 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 399 


HoLotyPE. 2. Hym. 3b. 2059. ENGLAND: Hants; Brockenhurst, 7.vi.1938 
(R. B. Benson) (B.M. Coll.). 

Differs from Caenomeris nigripes (Ashmead) (syn. polita Ashmead) in the pale 
testaceous legs and middle of gaster ; in the more elongate basal flagellar segments 
(of nigripes 10: 10:7); in the postanellus being distinctly longer than the malar 
space, whereas in nigripes it is at most as long as the malar space ; in tergite 2 being 
weakly sculptured basally. I wish to thank Miss Luella Walkley for giving me the 
opportunity of examining a specimen of Caenomeris nigripes (Ashmead). 


Subfamily CTENOPELMATINAE 
Terozoa Foerster 


This genus is related to Rhorus and Ischyrocnemis, but as stated by Foerster in his 
key to genera, has the teeth of the very broad mandible more or less divided so that 
it appears to be quadridentate, the inner teeth being shorter than the subequal, 
outer teeth. 

Both Terozoa and Ischyrocnemis have very well developed epomiae and simple 
claws. Ischyrocnemis has no glymmae but a well developed, apical thorn on the front 
tibia ; Tevozoa has deep glymmae and a minute, apical thorn. 


Terozoa quadridens sp. n. 


Head transverse, rather narrow but with the temples a little diverging behind the eyes ; 
occipital carina complete, genal carina incomplete, the postgena somewhat hollowed out ventrad 
where it is irregularly, obliquely striate ; malar space rather long, about two-thirds the width of 
the base of the mandible ; clypeus rather long, rounded apically and roundly, inwardly inflexed 
apically, not divided from the face which is somewhat incised centrally below the antennal 
sockets; frons centrally carinate; face and clypeus punctate, tending to rugose-punctate 
centrally, malar space rugose-punctate, the punctures becoming sparser on the gena, gradually 
becoming sparse and small on the temples and vertex, the frons more distinctly punctate than 
the temples ; base of mandible weakly tuberculate, mandible with four apical teeth ; antennae 
of type damaged. 

Thorax with rather close, silvery, recumbent pubescence ; pronotal collar moderate, rather 
weakly differentiated, epomiae very strong; mesoscutum with the notauli barely perceptible 
anteriorly ; scutellum raised, the lateral carinae only weakly represented basally ; subalar 
prominence weak, rounded ; episternal scrobe shallow, close to the mesopleural suture ; epic- 
nemial carina absent dorsally, only reaching a little above the line of the lower angle of the prono- 
tum where it is angled, absent centrally and strongly raised into high lobes on either side of this ; 
propodeum strongly areated with the rather small hexagonal area superomedia having the anterior 
carina erased, dentiparal area truncate apically and with no costula, petiolar area with a weak, 
central carina, the submetapleural carina somewhat raised anteriorly ; pronotum, mesoscutum 
and scutellum finely punctate, mesepisternum more coarsely punctate, the punctures becoming 
finer dorsad, and finer and closer on the sternum, the speculum polished, propodeum in part 
smooth, irregularly rugose in the area superomedia and area petiolaris, metapleurum finely 
punctate. Front wing with the stigma moderate, receiving Rs + 2r, which is curved basally, 
before the middle; cell 2Rs very shortly petiolate, rhomboidal, a little broader than high and 
receiving vein 2mcu at the outer quarter ; 2mcu outwardly bent between the two fenestrae and 
with a stub of a vein projecting ; cell 1M with the sides converging anteriorly ; vein Cu,b 
posteriorly, inwardly curving, but Cua posteriorly, outwardly curved. Hind wing with six 
wing hooks ; apical abscissae of Rs, M, Cu, and 1A all discernible almost to the margin of 
the wing; basal abscissa of Rs longer than 1rm and not curved basally; M + Cu, weakly 


ENTOM, I1, 8 23 


400 ck. PERBRINS 


curved ; nervellus a little postfurcal with Cu, subequal to cua. Legs with the front trochanter 
long, front tibia with a minute apical tooth; hind trochanter, viewed dorsally, subparallel- 
sided except at the base, last hind tarsal segment shorter than segment 3, inner hind tibial 
spur subequal to segment 2 of tarsus, the outer spur a little shorter than the inner; claws 
impectinate, rather broad and shortly curved apically. 

Gaster shining with rather close, silvery, decumbent pubescence, petiolate; tergite 1 with 
spiracles behind the middle, sternum 1 free and not quite reaching the line of the spiracles, 
lateral carina extending to the apex of the segment where it is very strong, but is weak just behind 
the spiracle, the petiole with a raised, flattened, central area but the postpetiole evenly, trans- 
versely convex; tergite 2 with the thyridiae rather large and subbasal; laterotergites not 
observable in the type, the spiracle of tergite 3 little removed from the lateral margin of the 
segment. 

Colour: black; the clypeus sharply margined with yellow apically, vertex with a pair of 
yellow, orbital spots ; front and middle femora marked with dirty yellow anteriorly, the tibiae 
in greater part dirty yellow and the tarsi in part pale ; hind leg black with the spurs dirty white ; 
tergite 1 red apically, the remaining tergites and the claspers red. 


HOLOTYPE. . ? GERMANY. (A. Foerster Coll.) (Munich, Bayerische Staats 
Sammlung). 


LIST OF TYPE SPECIES OF THE FOERSTER GENERA OF 
ICHNEUMONIDAE 


It has been found that certain arbitrary decisions have had to be made in order to 
bring some consistency into the way in which the type species are arrived at. The 
case of the Thomson usage of names has already been discussed, but further to this, it 
should be pointed out that the previous treatment of these names can vary considerably 
in any one work ; for instance, Viereck 1914 treats certain names as emendations, others 
as new generic names, and where the spelling agreed with the original spelling of 
Foerster, he assumed Thomson was directly using the Foerster name. Schmiede- 
knecht, Roman and Cushman, in particular, have tried to make out the actual species 
which they thought Foerster had before him; where these interpretations differed 
from the concept of following the first included species, they have considered such 
type designation as invalid. This position has been clarified by the Paris and Copen- 
hagen decisions of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 

Following the Copenhagen decision, I have excluded as available for type species 
of genera those cases where an author has written some such phrase as “ species B 
would belong to genus A”’, showing some doubt about placement of the species ; 
this, in actual fact, causes no changes of type species. Naturally any name with 
which a question mark is associated, or with such qualifications as “‘ may belong ”’ 
or “ perhaps belongs to genus A ”’ is rejected. 

In cases where two competing generic names have not previously been used, I have 
naturally accepted page priority. However, in a number of cases, names with no 
previously included type species would by page and place priority take precedence 
over other names which have been used for a longer or shorter time. In these cases 
I have followed the precept of stability and first reviser, and have synonymized these 
genera with the names in current use. 

Sometimes, Foerster used a name of his own in place of a well established genus. 
This was a puzzle to me until I found the reason in Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 439. 


ON THE ‘TYPE. SPECIES OF FPOERSTER'’S, GENERA 401 


Here, under Meniscus, he states that Foerster proposed new names for genera which 
were used in plants. In some cases, he took as homonyms names having the same 
derivation. I have therefore considered that in these cases, given in Foerster’s index, 
the Foerster names are new names not new genera, and therefore must have the same 
type species as the genus which they were supposed to replace. 

In the following alphabetical list of genera the page associated with the genus 
heading is that in Foerster 1868, but where the genus was described by Foerster in 
some other publication, it is preceded by the relevant date. Where the genus is now 
regarded as being a synonym, the valid name follows an “ equals ”’ sign; the same 
applies to the type species. Where a name is preceded by syn., the name is a synonym 
of the principal genus. The authority for the first synonymizing of genera and species 
is included with date and in brackets, e.g., = Alegina Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944). 

The papers which appeared relevant of Brischke, Kriechbaumer, Tschek and 
Schmiedeknecht have been examined in order to trace overlooked first inclusions of 
species in the Foerster genera. A certain number of such inclusions has been found 
and no doubt as time goes on, still further cases will be discovered. 


Aclastus : 175. 

Type species, Aclastus rufipes Ashmead, 1902 

Included by Ashmead 1902 : 187 (Monobasic) 
=Gunypetomorpha Foerster, 1868 (Roman 1925, Townes 1944) 
=Gnypetomorpha rufipes (Ashmead, 1902) 


Acrolyta : 174. 

Type species, Acrolyta empretiae Ashmead, 1896 

Included by Ashmead 18962 : 209 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 4 

=Acrolyta nigricapitata (Cook & Davis, 1891) (Townes 1944) 


Actenonyx : 195 nec White, 1846. 

Type species, Ichneumon marginatorius Fabricius, 1793 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1g11 : 2303 (Monobasic) 
=Exenterus Hartig, 1838 (Townes 1944) 

=Exenterus marginatorius (Fabricius, 1793) 


Adexioma : 206. 

Type species, Adextoma angularia Davis, 1898 
Included by Davis 1898 : 284 (Monobasic) 
=Lamachus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 
=Lamachus angularius (Davis, 1898) 


Adiastola : 180. 

Type species, Adiastola americana Howard, 1897 
Included by Howard 1897 : 54 (Monobasic) 

= Mastrus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 

= Mastrus americanus (Howard, 1897) 


402 J. F. PERKINS 
Adranes : 205 nec Leconte, 1850. 


Aenoplex : 176. 

Type species, Aenoplex betulaecola Ashmead, 1896 
Included by Ashmead 1896a : 208 (Monobasic) 

= Mastrus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 

= Mastrus pilifrons (Provancher, 1879) (Townes 1944) 


Aeolometis : 207. 
Type species, Scolobates italicus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 18924 : 1870 (Monobasic) 
syn Tachyporthus Foerster, 1868 
= Aeolometis ttalicus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Meyer 1936 and Townes 1945 consider this genus a synonym of Mesoleius Holmgren. 


Agasthenes : 178. 
Type species, Hemiteles varitarsus Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present designation) 
= Agasthenes varitarsus (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. 

This agrees with the interpretation by Roman 1925:13 who suggested that 
Hemuteles varitarsus might belong here. Agasthenes includes the European species 
placed by Roman in Astomaspis in the above paper, with the exception of nanus 
(Gravenhorst, 1829), which is the type species of Lysibia Foerster, q.v. 


Agrothereutes 1850 : 79. 

Type species, Pezomachus abbreviator (Fabricius) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Foerster 1850 : 81 (Two species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914: 7 

= Agrothereutes abbreviator (Fabricius, 1793) 


Agrypon, 1860 : I5I. 

Type species, Ophion flaveolatum Gravenhorst, 1807 
Included by Foerster 1860 : 152 (Many species) 
Designated by Morley 1913 : 424 

=Agrypon flaveolatum (Gravenhorst, 1807) 


Alcima : 152. 

Type species, Campoplex orbitalis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Brischke 1880 : 147 (Monobasic) 
=Casinaria Holmgren, 1858 (Szépligeti 1911) 
=Casinaria orbitalis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Alcocerus : 161. 

Type species, Tryphon? irifasciatus Cresson, 1864 
Included by Davis 1897 : 207 (Monobasic) 
=Colpotrochia Holmgren, 1856 (Townes 1945) 
=Colpotrochia trifasciata (Cresson, 1864) 


Alcochera : 205. 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 403 


Alegina : 176. 

Type species, Algina [sic] alaskensis Ashmead, 1902 

Included by Ashmead 1902 : 188 (Monobasic) 

=Alegina solitarius (Ashmead, 1902) (Cushman 1922, Townes 1944) 


Alexeter : 199. 
Type species, Mesoleptus ruficornis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 459 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 7 
=Alexeter sectator (Thunberg, 1822) 
Townes 1945, regards this genus as a synonym of Mesolezus Holmgren. 


Allocamptus : 150. 

Type species, Ophion undulatus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 1888 : 1189 (Monobasic) 
=Enicospilus Stephens, 1820 (Morley 1913) 
=Enicospilus undulatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Allocota : 173 nec Motschoulsky, [1860]. 

Type species, Allocota confederatae Ashmead, 1896 
Included by Ashmead 18 96a : 208 (Monobasic) 
=Chirotica Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Chirotica confederatae (Ashmead, 1896) comb. n. 


Allocritus : 211. 

Type species, Mesoleius tenuiventris Holmgren, [1856] (By present designation) 
= Mesoleius Holmgren, 1855 syn. n. 

= Mesoleius tenuiventris Holmgren, [1856] 


Allomacrus : 177. 

Type species, Allomacrus pimplarius Thomson, 1888 

Included by Thomson 18880 : 1282 (Monobasic) 

Allophrys : 147. 

Type species, Thersilochus [sic] oculatus Ashmead, 1895 

Included by Szépligeti 1905 : 56 (Three species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914: 8 

= Allophrys oculatus (Ashmead, 1895) 

Alloplasta : 167. 

Type species, Lissonota murina Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 445 (Monobasic) 

=Alloplasta piceator (Thunberg, 1822) (Roman 1912 as Meniscus) [c.f. Amersibia 
where this species has been incorrectly placed]. 


Ameloctonus : 157. 

Type species, Banchus fugitivus Say, 1836 

Included by Ashmead in Smith 1g00a : 582 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914: 9 

= Hyposoter Foerster, 1868 (Gahan 1914) 

=Hyposoter fugitivus (Say, 1836) 


404 J. F. PERKINS 


Amersibia : 167, n.n. for Meniscus Schiodte. 

Type species, Ichnewmon catenator Panzer, 1804 

This antedates Meniscus (Amersibia) variipes Szépligeti included by Szépligeti rgoo : 
18, 36 (Monobasic) 

Amersibia, being a new name, takes the same types species as Meniscus. 


Amesolytus : 161. 

Type species, Amesolytus ferrugineus Ashmead, 1896 
Included by Ashmead 1896a : 201 (Monobasic) 
=Exochus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Uchida 1930) 
=Exochus ferrugineus (Ashmead, 1896) 


Amorphognathon : 203. 

Type species, Tryphon melanocerus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Kriechbaumer 1897a : 185 (Monobasic) 
=Trematopygus Holmgren, 1855 (Roman 1925) 
=Trematopygus melanocerus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Amorphota : 151. 

Type species, Amorphota orgyiae Howard, 1897 

Included by Howard 1897 : 20, fig. 7, and 53 (Monobasic) 
=Casinaria Holmgren, 1858 (Gahan 1914) 

=Casinaria limenitidis (Howard, 1889) (Townes 1945) 


Anecphysis : 195. 

Type species, Anecphysis curvineura Davis, 1897 
Included by Davis 1897 : 234 (Monobasic) 

= Exyston Schiedte, 1839 (Townes 1944) 
=Exyston nigreo Davis, 1897 (Townes 1944) 


Anempheres : 154. 
Type species, Anempheres diaphaniae Viereck, 1911 
Included by Viereck, 17 April 19114 : 188 (Monobasic) 
=Casinaria Holmgren, 1858 (Gahan 1914) 
=Casinaria infesta (Cresson, 1872) (Gahan 1914) 
Anephares {sic] rufipes Hancock 1911, Nature Sketches in Temperate America : 177 
has not been seen, and the exact date of publication has not been discovered. Thus 
the Viereck reference has been taken as the prior publication. 


Aneuclis : 147. 

Type species, Isurgus rufipes Szépligeti, 1899 

Included by Szépligeti October (at latest) 1905 : 55 (Five species and two synonyms) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : Ir 

=Aneuclis maritimus (Thomson, 1889) (Szépligeti 1905) 


Aniarophron : 162. 
Type species, Aniarophron niger Szépligeti, rg01 (By present designation) 
Included by Szépligeti in Zichy rgor : 141 (Three species) 


— EE 


ON bE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 405 


Anilastus : 157. 

Type species, Campoplex rapax Gravenhorst, 1829 

Antlasta [emend. pro -tus], included by Thomson 1887 : 1169 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck rgro : 383 

= Hyposoter Foerster, 1868 (Gahan 1914) 

= Hyposoter rapax (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Aniseres 1871 : 92. 

Type species, Aniseres pallipes Foerster, 1871 

Included by Foerster 1871 : 93 (Two species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : II 

=Proclitus Foerster, 1868 

=Proclitus spectabilis Foerster, 1871 (cf. Thomson 18880 : 1304) 


Anisoctenion : 194. 

Type species, Acrotomus xanthopus Holmgren, 1855 

Included by Schmiedeknecht 19074 : 618 (Monobasic) 

=Anisoctenion alacer (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Pfankuch 1906) 

Anopiesta : 193. 

Type species, Herpestomus ardeicollis Wesmael, 1844 (By present designation) 
=Enplatys Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

—=Enplatys ardeicollis (Wesmael, 1844) 

Apechthis : 164. 

Type species, Pimpla rufata (Gmelin) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 442 (Two species) 

As Pimpla rubata [lapsus pro rufata] Gravenhorst, designated by Ashmead 19000 : 57 
=A pechthis rufata (Gmelin, 1790) 

Aperileptus : 170. 

Type species, Plectiscus albipalpus Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 76 (Many species) 

=Aperileptus albipalpus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Aphanistes : 145. 

Type species, Anomalon bellicosum Wesmael, 1849 

Included by Brischke 1880 : 135 (Three species and one synonym) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 13 

=A phanistes bellicosus (Wesmael, 1849) 

Aphanodon : 166. 

Type species, Phytodietus errabundus Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 436 (Monobasic) 
=Cryptopimpla Taschenburg, 1863 

=Cryptopimpla errabunda (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Aphanoroptrum : 168. 

Type species, Lissonota ruficornis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 1877 : 736 

=Aphanoroptrum abdominale (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


406 J. F. PERKINS 


Thomson quotes the species as “‘ Aphanoroptra [emend. pro -um] ruficornis (Pimpla 
Grav.).”’ This was a lapsus for Lissonota ruficornis, a well-known synonym of Apha- 
noroptrum abdominale (Gravenhorst). There is no true basis for the selection by 
Viereck of Pimpla ruficollis Gravenhorst as the emendation of ruficornis given by 
Thomson. 


Apimeles : 205. 

Type species, Apimeles lusorius Davis, 1898 

Included by Davis 1898 : 283 (Monobasic) 

=Grypocentrus Ruthe, 1855 (Townes 1944) 
=Grypocentrus flavipes (Provancher, 1882) (Townes 1944) 


Apoclima : 171. 
Type species, Apoclima signaticorne Foerster, 1871 
Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 98 (Monobasic) 


Apsilops : 182. 

Type species, Cryptus hirtifrons Ashmead, 1890 
Included by Ashmead 18964 : 207 (Monobasic) 
=Apbpsilops hirtifrons (Ashmead, 1890) 


Apterophygas : 172. 

Type species, Apterophygus? paradoxus Bridgman, 1889 

Included as Hemiteles (Apterophygas) paradoxus (Bridgman) by Schmiedeknecht 
1897 : 133 (Monobasic) 

= Phygadeuon Gravenhorst, 1829 syn. n. 

= Phygadeuon paradoxus (Bridgman, 1889) comb. n. 


Aptesis 1850 : 82. 

Type species, Ichneumon sudeticus Gravenhorst, 1815 
Included by Foerster 1850 : 86 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 14 

=A ptesis nigrocincta (Gravenhorst, 1815) 


Apystus : 212. 

Type species, Tvyphon albopictus Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present designation) 
=Hypamblys Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Hypamblys albopictus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Aritranis : 187. 
Type species, Cryptus explorator Tschek, 1870 
Included by Tschek 1870 : 156 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 15 
Syn. Hoplocryptus Thomson, 1873 syn. n. 
=Aritranis explorator (Tschek, 1870) 
Tschek 1870 : 140 includes Cryptus coxator Tschek and Cryptus fuscicornis Tschek 
under Aritranis. This is a misprint which is corrected on page 156. This correction 
has been accepted and the above type designation is considered valid, 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 407 


Cryptus carnifex Gravenhorst was invalidly designated as type species by 
Schmiedeknecht 1890: 121, as this was not one of the two originally included 
species. 


Aschistus : 177. 

Type species, Hemimachus variabilis Ratzeburg, 1852 

Included by Brischke 1891 : 71 (Two species and one synonym) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 15 

=Gelis Thunberg, 1827 

=Gelis cursitans (Fabricius, 1775) 


Aselasma : 209. 
Asinamora : 155. 


Asphragis : 166. 
Type species, Lissonota occupator Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 434 (Four species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 15 
=Cylloceria Schiedte, 1838 syn. n. (syn. Lampronota auctt.) 
=Cylloceria occupator (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. 
The type of Lissonota occupator was labelled by Pfankuch as Lampronota langei 
Brauns, 1905. When I saw the specimen in 1936, I agreed with this determination. 


Asthenara : 203. 

Type species, Asthenarus (emend. pro -va] crassifemur Thomson, 1889 
Included by Thomson 188ga : 1437 (Monobasic) 

= Asthenara socius (Holmgren, 1855) (Roman 1910) 


Asthenomeris : 168. 
Type species, Asthenomeris nigricoxis Schmiedeknecht, 1888 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 426 (Monobasic) 


Asthenoptera : 175. 

Standing under this name in the Foerster Collection is a Gelis male with a deep 
genal sulcus ; males of this species group are as yet unable to be identified. 

Roman 1925:17 suggests that this genus was probably erected for Hemiteles 
stagnalis Thomson, 1884 and lissonotoides Thomson, 1885. 


Astiphromma : 170. 

Type species, Mesochorus scutellatus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Brischke 1880 : 179, 180, 191, 192 (Six species) 
Designated by Morley 1913 : 516 

=Astiphromma scutellatum (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Astomaspis : 175. 
Type species, Astomaspis metathoracica Ashmead, 1904 
Included by Ashmead 1904 : 140 (Monobasic) 


408 J. F. PERKINS 


Astrenis : 148. 

Type species, Hambergiella sinuata Roman, 1909 (By present designation). 
Syn. Hambergiella Roman, 1909 syn. n. 

=Astrents sinuata (Roman, 1909) comb. n. 

Both H. sinuata and Mengersenia paradoxa Schmiedeknecht, 1907 were present in 
the Foerster Collection under this name. Both agree in fair measure with Foerster’s 
key, but perhaps H. sinuata agrees a little better and hence is selected as type species. 

Authors have regarded Mengersenia, Schmiedeknecht, 1907 as being synonymous 
with Hambergiella Roman, 1909, but present evidence seems to me to warrant the 
retention of these two genera as distinct. 


Asymmictus : 200. 

Type species, Asymmictus tridescens Davis, 1898 
Included by Davis 1898 : 325 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 16 


Asyncrita 1876 : 29. 
Type species, Atractodes foveolatus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included and designated by Foerster 1876 : 30 (Many species) 
= Asyncrita foveolata (Gravenhorst, 1829) 
Some authors synonymize this genus with Atractodes Gravenhorst, 1829. 


Ateleute : 171. 
Type species, Ateleute linearis Foerster, 1871 
Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 99 (Monobasic) 


Atithasus : 210. 

Type species, Atithasus stellarius Davis, 1898 

Included by Davis 1898 : 291 (Monobasic) 

= Labrossyta Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 

= Labrossyta bimaculata (Ashmead, 1896) (Townes 1945) 


Atmetus : 160. 

Type species, Atmetus tetrazonatus Ashmead, 1896 
Included by Ashmead 18 96a : 204 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 17 

= Orthocentrus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Townes 1945) 
= Orthocentrus tetrazonatus (Ashmead, 1896) 


Atrestes : 209. 

Type species, Catoglyptus (Stiphrosomus) sulcatus Thomson, 1895 (By present designa- 
tion) 

=Tvrapezocora Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Trapezocora sulcata (Thomson, 1895) comb. n. 


Atrometus : 146. 

Type species, Atrometus insignis Foerster, 1878 
Included by Foerster 1878 : 77 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 17 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 409 


Azelus : 205. 

Type species, Tvyphon erythropalpus (Gmelin) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present desig- 
nation) 

=Azelus erythropalpus (Gmelin, 1790) comb. n. 

syn. Epachthes Foerster, 1868 nec Nordman, 1832 syn. n. 


Bachia: 186 nec Gray, 1845. 

Type species, Phygadeuon (Bachia) testaceipes Brischke, 1891 

Included by Brischke 1891 : 69 (Monobasic) 

=Endasys Foerster, 1868 (syn. Bachiana Strand, 1928 (n.n.)) (Viereck 1914) 
=Endasys testaceipes (Brischke, 1891) 


Baeosemus : 194. 

Type species, Ichneumon mitigosus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Holmgren 1889 : 424 (Two species) 
Designated by Ashmead 19000 : 23 

= Baeosemus mitigosus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Barycnemis : 147. 

Type species, Porizon claviventris Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Brischke 1880 : 192 (Monobasic) 
=Barycnemts claviventris (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Barydotira : 178. 

Type species, Barydotira hammari Viereck, 1912 
Included by Viereck 1912d : 584 (Monobasic) 

= Alegina Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 
=Alegina hammari (Viereck, 1912) 


Barylypa : 146. 
Type species, Anomalon (Barylypa) genalis Thomson, 1892 
Included by Thomson 1892 : 1767 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 19 
=Barylypa delictor (Thunberg, 1822) (Habermehl 1920) 
Anomalon perspicillator Gravenhorst, designated by Morley 1913 is invalid as this 
species was not originally included. 


Baryntica : 184. 
Type species, Stylocryptus elegans Schmiedeknecht, 1932 (By present designation) 
=Baryntica elegans (Schmiedeknecht, 1932) comb. n. 

This I regard for the present as representing a distinct genus. 


Barytarbes : 212. 

Type species, Tvyphon colon Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Mesoleius (Barytarbus [emend. pro -es]) colon (Gravenhorst), included by Thomson 
1883 : 931 (Five species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 20 

=Barytarbes colon (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


410 J. F. PERKINS 


Bathycetes : 167. 

Type species, Ichneumon catenator Panzer, 1804 

Included and designated by Schmiedeknecht, 1888 : 439 (Monobasic) 
=Lampronota Curtis, 1832 

=Lampronota catenator (Panzer, 1804) 


Bathymetis : 182. 

Type species, Phygadeuon (Bathymetis) cylindricus Brischke, 1891 
Included by Brischke 1891 : 70 (Two species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 20 

= Phygadeuon Gravenhorst, 1829 

= Phygadeuon cylindricus (Brischke, 1891) 


Bathyplectes : 156. 

Type species, Campoplex exiguus Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included as a synonym of Canidia Holmgren by Szépligeti rg11: 12, 13 
(Many species) 

As Canidia exigua, designated by Viereck 1914 : 20 

= Bathyplectes exiguus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Bathythrix : 176. 

Type species, Bathythrix meteori Howard, 1897 
Included by Howard 1897 : 53 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 20 


Bioblapsis : 162. 

Type species, Bassus flavipes Holmgren, [1856] nec Lucas, 1846 
Included by Dalla Torre rgorz : 242 (Monobasic) 

=Buoblapsis polita (Snellen, 1878) comb. n. 


Blapsidotes : 177. 
Type species, Hemiteles melanarius Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present designation) 
=Blapsidotes melanarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. 

This species, at present included in Hemiteles, I regard as belonging to a separate 
segregate. 


Blapticus : 171. 
Type species, Blapticus leucostomus Foerster, 1871 
Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 83 (Monobasic) 


Boethus : 210. 

Type species, Boethus howardi Davis, 1898 
Included by Davis 1898 : 290 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 22 

= Boethus schizocert (Howard, 1888) (Viereck 1914) 


Bothynophrys : 166. 
Type species, Ichneumon catenator Panzer, 1804 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 444 (Monobasic) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 41I 


Synonymized by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 439 with Bathycetes 
=Lampronota Curtis, 1832 
=Lampronota catenator (Panzer, 1804) 


Brachycephalus : 179 nec Fitzinger, 1826. 

Type species, Hemiteles aestivalis Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included by Roman 1925 : 14 (Four species) 

Designated by Townes 1944 : 180 

=Dichrogaster Doumerc, 1855 syn. n. (syn. Brachycranium Ashmead, 1900 (n.n.)) 
=Dichrogaster aestivalis (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. 


Brephoctonus : 159. 

Type species, Plectiscus impurator Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 79 (Monobasic) 

=Plectiscus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Townes 1958) (syn. Leipaulus Townes, 1945) 


Cacotropa : 208. 

Type species, Cacotropa sericea Thomson, 1888 
Included by Thomson 1888a : 1259 (Monobasic) 
=Sphecophaga Westwood, 1840 

=Sphecophaga vesparum (Curtis, 1828) 


Caenomeris : 174. 

Type species, Xestophya nigripes Ashmead, 1902 

Included and designated by Townes 1944 : 227 

=Cremnodes Foerster, 1850 syn. n. 

=Cremnodes nigripes (Ashmead, 1902) comb. n. (cf. also Stygera) 


Calliclisis : 169. 

Type species, Ephialtes hecticus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 440-1 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 25 

=Calliclisis hectica (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Callidiotes : 199. 

Type species, Mesoleptus coxator Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Foerster 1876 : 19 (Monobasic) 

=Oxytorus Foerster, 1868 (Meyer 1936 : 147) 

=Oxytorus luridator (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Pfankuch 1906) 


Callidora : 157. 

Type species, Callidora annellata Thomson, 1887 
Included by Thomson 1887 : 1136 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1912c : 633 


Calliphrurus : 210. 

Type species, Calliphrurus granulosus Davis, 1898 
Included by Davis 1898 : 290 (Monobasic) 
=Alegina Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 
=Alegina granulosa (Davis, 1898) 


412 /2 VE. PERE S 


Camarotops : 160. 

Type species, Neuratelus [sic] ulmicola Ashmead, 1896 

As Camerotops [lapsus pro Camar-], included by Davis 1897 : 226 (Four species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 28 

= Stenomacrus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 

= Stenomacrus ulmicola (Ashmead, 1896) 


Campodorus : 213. 

Type species, Mesoleius melanogaster Holmgren, [1855] (By present designation) 
= Mesoleius Holmgren, [1855] syn. n. 

= Mesoleius melanogaster Holmgren, [1855] 


Campogenes : 209. 

Type species, Tvyphon antilope Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present designation) 
=Trapezocora Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Trapezocora antilope (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. 


Campoletis : 157. 

Type species, Mesoleptus tibiator Cresson, 1864 

Included by Houghton 1907 : 89 (Monobasic) 

syn. Sagaritis Holmgren, 1858, Sagaritopsis Hincks, 1944 
=Campoletis tibiator (Cresson, 1864) 


Camponastes : 212. 

Type species, Camponastes bastlicus Davis, 1898 
Included by Davis 1898 : 292 (Monobasic) 

= Polyterus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 

= Polyterus basilicus (Davis, 1898) 


Campoporus : 210. 

Type species, Ichneumon dictator Thunberg, 1822 (By present designation) 
=Trematopygus Holmgren, [1855] syn. n. 

=Trematopygus dictator (Thunberg, 1822) 


Camporychus : 208. 


Camposcopus : 145. 

Type species, Camposcopus aclerivora Rohwer, 1915 
Included by Rohwer 1915 : 226 (Monobasic) 
=Erigorgus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 
=Evigorgus aclerivora (Rohwer, 1915) 


Campothreptus : 201. 

Type species, Mesoleptus nasutus Cresson, 1868 
Included by Davis 1897 : 247 (Monobasic) 
=Campothreptus nasutus (Cresson, 1868) 


Campotrephus : 152. 

Type species, Campoplex tenuiventris Gravenhorst, 1829 

Quoted as a synonym of Casinaria Holmgren by Szépligeti 1911: 13, 15 (Many 
species) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER'S' GENERA 413 


Designated by Viereck 1914 : 27 
=Casinaria Holmgren, [1858] 
=Casinaria tenuiventris (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Catalytus 1851 : 62. 

_ Type species, Pezomachus fulveolatus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Foerster 1851 : 63 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 28 

=Catalytus fulveolatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Catastenus : 170. 

Type species, Catastenus femoralis Foerster, 1871 

Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 75 (Monobasic) 

Szépligeti IgII : 55 regarded this as synonym of Symplecis Foerster, 1868. 


Chaeretymma : 187. 

Type species, Cryptus anatorius Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included and designated by Schmiedeknecht 1890 : 117 (Monobasic) 
=Chaeretymma anatorius (Gravenhorst, 1829) 

The designation by Cushman 1920: 259 of Cryptus ater Brischke is invalid as 
Brischke 1880 : 338 states that he was unable to bring the four species (including 
ater) to the right genus either in Thomson or Foerster, but possibly the species 
belonged to Chaeretymma Foerster. 

The designation of Cryptus furcator Gravenhorst by Viereck 1914 : 30 is antedated. 

Townes 1944 synonymized this segregate with Cubocephalus Ratzeburg, 1848, but 
this synonymy is very doubtful. 


Chamaezelus : 181. 
Type species, Stibeutes heinemanni Foerster, 1850 (By present designation) 
= Stibeutes Foerster, 1850 syn. n. (q.v.) 


Chamerpes : 172. 
Type species, Pezomachus hemipterus (Fabricius) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Ashmead 19006 : 209 and 27 (Monobasic) 
=Theroscopus Foerster, 1850 
=Theroscopus hemipterus (Fabricius, 1793) comb. n. 
Chamerpes is quoted as a synonyn of Phyrtus by Ashmead 1900 Index. Viereck 
has accepted this as the designation of the type species of both genera. 
Townes 1944 has synonymized this genus with Eviplanus Foerster, 1868. 


Charitopes : 181. 

Type species, Hemiteles (Charitopes) chrysopae Brischke, 1890 
Included by Brischke 1890 : 105 (Monobasic) 

=Charnitopes chrysopae (Brischke, 1890) 


Chirotica : 173. 

Type species, Hemiteles insignis Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Hemiteles (Chirotica) insignis included by Schmiedeknecht 1897 : 502 (Monobasic) 
=Churotica trifasciator (Thunberg, 1822) (Roman 1912) comb. n. 


414 J. F. PERKINS 


The name Chirotica has been used in preference to Diaglypta because of page 
priority. Both names have had a similar amount of use. 


Chorischizus : 168. 

Type species, Acoenttes nigripennis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 426 (Monobasic) 
=Phaenolobus Foerster, 1868 (Roman I9gI0) 
=Phaenolobus nigripennis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Chriodes : 178. 

Type species, Chiodes [sic] oculatus Ashmead, 1905 (Monobasic) 
Included by Ashmead 1905 : 966 

=Chriodes oculatus Ashmead, 1905 


Cidaphurus : 159. 

Type species, Ichneumon volutatorius Linnaeus, 1758 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 439 (Monobasic) 
=Banchus Fabricius, 1798 (Szépligeti 1911) 
=Banchus volutatorius (Linnaeus, 1758) 


Cidaphus : 149. 

Type species, Cidaphus thuringiacus Brauns, 1890 

Included by Brauns 1890 : 78 (Two species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 33 

=Cidaphus alarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) (sec Szépligeti 1911 and Roman 1939) 


Clepsiporthus : 200. 

Type species, Mesoleptus ? rubiginosus Cresson, 1878 
Included by Davis 1898 : 326 (Four species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 33 

= Himerta Foerster, 1868 (Cushman 1927) 

= Himerta rubiginosa (Cresson, 1878) 


Cnemischys : 201. 

Type species, Adelognathus (Cnemischus [emend. pro -ys]) pilosus Thomson, 1888 
Included by Thomson 18880 : 1277 (Two species) 

Designated by Townes 1944 : 144 

=Cnemischys pilosus (Thomson, 1888) 


Coeloconus : 203. 
Type species, Ichneumon brachyacanthus Gmelin, 1790 
Included by Morley ro11 : 178 (Monobasic) 
Viereck 1914 gives the date as 1912 in error. The copy in the British Museum has 
the receipt date 23.12.1911. 
=Coeloconus brachyacanthus (Gmelin, 1790) 
Townes & Townes 1950 consider this genus as a synonym of Monoblastus Hartig, 


1837. 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 415 


Colocnema : 184. 

Type species, Cryptus rufinus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 1874 : 590 (Monobasic) 

syn. Coelocryptus Thomson, 1873 syn. n. 

=Colocnema rufina (Gravenhorst, 1829) 

(syn. evythrostictus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Thomson 1874)) 


Conoblasta : 165. 

Type species, Glypta ceratites Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 444 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 35 

=Glypta Gravenhorst, 1829 

=Glypta ceratites Gravenhorst, 1829 


Cosmoconus : 203. 

Type species, Ichneumon elongator Fabricius, 1775 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 459 (Monobasic) 
=Cosmoconus elongator (Fabricius, 1775) 


Cremnodes 1850 : 72. 

Type species, Ichneumon atricapillus Gravenhorst, 1815 
Included and designated by Foerster 1850 : 73 (Three species) 
syn. Cremnias Roman, 1939 (unnecessary new name) 
=Cremnodes atricapillus (Gravenhorst, 1815) 


Ctenacme : 196. 

Type species, Polyblastus (Ctenacmus [emend, pro -e]) scutellaris Thomson, 1883 

Included by Thomson 1883 : gor 

Designated by Morley 1913 : 335 as scutellatus Thomson, 1888, n.n. for Polyblastus 
scutellaris Thomson, 1883 nec P. scutellaris Holmgren, [1855] 

If the above designation is considered invalid, then the type species is Polyblastus 
(Ctenacmus [emend. pro -e]) genalis Thomson, 1883 designated by Viereck 1914 : 39 
=Ctenochiva Foerster, 1855 (Townes & Townes 1949) (the above alternative type 

species does not affect this synonymy) 
=Ctenochira scutellatus (Thomson, 1888) 


Ctenochares : rot. 
Type species, Ichneumon xanthomelas Brullé, 1846 
Included and designated by Schmiedeknecht 1903 : 256 (Two species) 
=Ctenochares instructor (Fabricius, 1793) 

Schmiedeknecht states that Foerster in his unpublished manuscript cited Ich- 
neumon xanthomelas Brullé as the type of this genus. I accept this as a designation 
of type. 


Ctenochira 1855 : 226. 
Type species, Ctenochira bisinuata Foerster, 1855 
Included by Foerster 1855 : 226 (Monobasic) 


ENTOM. II, 8 24 


416 jy. F.. PEREINS 


Daetora : 175. 

Type species, Hemiteles solutus Thomson, 1884 (By present designation) 
=Gnypetomorpha Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Gnypetomorpha solutus (Thomson, 1884) 


Daictes : 176. 

Type species, Phygadeuon (Daictes) fukati Viereck, 1911 
Included by Viereck 19114 : 194 (Monobasic) 

= Mastrus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1957) 

=Mastrus fukaw (Viereck, 1911) 


Dapanus : 183. 

Type species, Ichneumon cinctortus Fabricius, 1775 

Included and designated by Ashmead 19000 : 29 (Monobasic) 
=Apsilops Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 

=Apsilops cinctorius (Fabricius, 1775) 


Daspletis : 205 nec Loew, 1858. 


Deleter : 160. 

Type species, Deleter obscurus Davis, 1897 

Included by Davis 1897 : 221 (Three species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 42 

=Stenomacrus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 

= Stenomacrus americanus (Ashmead, 1896) (Townes 1945) 


Deloglyptus : 193. 
Type species, Deloglyptus punctiventris Thomson, 1891 
Included by Thomson 1891 : 1623 (Monobasic) 


Delolytus : 189. 

Type species, Atractodes varicornis Holmgren, [1858] 
Included by Foerster 1876 : 19 (Monobasic) 
=Oxytorus Foerster, 1868 

=Oxytorus luridator (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Delomerista : 164. 

Type species, Pimpla mandibularis Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included and designated by Schmiedeknecht 18884 : 448 (Monobasic) 
= Delomerista mandibularis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Delotomus : 194, n.n. for Acrotomus Holmgren, [1855]. 
Type species, Tvyphon lucidulus Gravenhorst, 1829 

Foerster 1868 quotes Acrotomus Holmgren as a synonym of Delotomus ; Thomson 
1883 quotes the genus as Delotomus Holmgren. 


Demopheles : 186. 

Type species, Phygadeuon caliginosus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Dalla Torre 1902 : 678 (Monobasic) 

= Demopheles caliginosus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 417 


Diaborus : 195. 

Type species, Cteniscus (Diaborus) sedulus Woldstedt, 1877 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 455 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1g12a : 176 

=Cteniscus Haliday, 1837 (Schmiedeknecht 1912) 
=Cteniscus sedulus Woldstedt, 1877 


Diacritus : 191. 
Type species, Mesostenus rufipes Provancher, 1875 (later quoted as Mesoliptus [sic] 
rufipes to which genus Provancher transferred it. 
Included by Dalla Torre 1902 : 770 (One species and two synonyms) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 43 
= Diacritus muliebris (Cresson, 1868) (Cushman 1918) 
The designation by Townes 1944 : 808 is invalid as Mesoleptus ? multebris Cresson 
was only doubtfully included in the genus and is not therefore available. Davis 1895 : 
288 states that “‘ it would belong to his (Foerster’s) genus Diacritus ’’. 


Diadegma : 153. 

Type species, Campoplex crassicornis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 19074 : 599 (Monobasic) 
= Meloboris Holmgren, [1858] 

= Meloboris crassicornis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Diaglypta : 176. 

Type species, Diaglypta radiata Ashmead, 1895 
Included by Ashmead 1895 : 780 (Monobasic) 
=Chirotica Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Chirotica radiata (Ashmead, 1895) comb. n. 


Dialges : 206. 
Type species, Tvyphon vepretorum Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Kriechbaumer, June 1897 : 169 (Monobasic) 
=Otlophorus Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 
=Oltlophorus vepretorum (Gravenhorst, 1829) 
The inclusion of a species by Davis, July—Sept. 1897 (quoted by Viereck 1914 : 44) 
is therefore antedated. 


Dialipsis : 171. 

Type species, Dialipsis exilis Foerster, 1871 
Included by Foerster 1871 : 84 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 44 


Diaparsis : 149. 

Type species, Porizon nutritor (Fabricius) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Thersilochus [emend. pro Ter-] (Diaparsus [emend pro -ts]) nutritor Gravenhorst, 
included by Thomson 1889 : 1373 (Many species) 

As Ophion nutritor F., designated by Morley 1913 : 514 

=Diaparsis nutritor (Fabricius, 1804) 


418 J. F. PERKINS 


Diaschisaspis : 192. 
Type species, Diaschisaspis campoplegoides Holmgren, 1889 
Included by Holmgren 1889 : 354 (Monobasic) 


Diatora : 180. 
Type species, Diatora prodeniae Ashmead, 1904 
Included by Ashmead 1904 : 141 (Monobasic) 


Diblastomorpha : 165. 

Type species, Cryptus (Glypta) bicornis Desvignes, 1856 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 444 (Monobasic) 
=Glypta Gravenhorst, 1829 

=Glypta bicornis Boie, 1850 


Diceratops : 167. 

Type species, Pimpla bicornis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 438 (Monobasic) 
= Syzeuctus Foerster, 1868 (Morley 1908) 
=Syzeuctus bicornis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Dicolus : 171. 

Type species, Dicolus insectator Foerster, 1871 
Included by Foerster 1871 : 97 (Four species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 45 


Diedrus : 200. 

Type species, Diedrus areolatus Davis, 1898 
Included by Davis 1898 : 324 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 45 

=Ctenopelma Holmgren, [1855] (Townes 1945) 
=Ctenopelma areolatum (Davis, 1898) 


Dimophora : 155. 
Type species, ? Dimophora robusta Brischke, 1880 
Included by Brischke 1894 : 55 (Monobasic) 
Brischke 1880, included three species as belonging to ? Dimophora; these are 
therefore unavailable as type species at that date. 


Dinotomus : 188. 

Type species, Ichneumon lapidator Fabricius, [1787] 

Included by Berthoumieu 1896 : 296 (Three species and four synonyms) 
Designated by Ashmead 19000 : 14 

=Trogus Panzer, 1806 (Viereck 1914) 

=Trogus lapidator (Fabricius, [1787]) 


Dioctes : 153, nec Ménétriés, 1849 nec Reichenbach, 1850. 
Type species, Campoplex exareolatus Ratzeburg, 1852 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 19072 : 599 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 46 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 419 


=Nythobia Foerster, 1868 syn. n. (syn. Inareolata Ellinger and Sachtleben, 


1927-8) (n.n.) 
=Nythobia exareolata (Ratzeburg, 1852) comb. n. 


Dioratica : 153. 


Dirophanes : 183. 
Type species, Phygadeuon (Dirophanes) plesius Viereck, 1912 
Included by Viereck 19120 : 148 (Monobasic) 
= Phaeogenes Wesmael, 1844 (Townes 1944) 
= Phaeogenes hariolus (Cresson, 1867) (Cushman 1922) 
Cushman 1922, stated that this species should be placed in Herpestomus ; Townes 
does not place Herpestomus. 


Dizemon : 199. 
Type species, Mesoleptus typhae (Fourcroy) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included as Dicemon [lapsus pro Diz-] by Kriechbaumer 1891a : 136 (Monobasic) 
= Hadrodactylus Foerster, 1868 (Kriechbaumer 1891) 
= Hadrodactylus typhae (Fourcroy, 1785) 
Dicemon prolixus Foerster MS. is quoted by Kriechbaumer, 1891, as an aberration 
of H. [adrodactylus] typhae. 


Dolioctonus : 212. 

Type species, Ichneumon defectivus Gravenhorst, 1820 (By present designation) 
= Himerta Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

= Himerta defectiva (Gravenhorst, 1820) 


Dolophron : 155. 


Dysantes : 207. 
Type species, Ichneumon debitor Thunberg, 1822 (By present designation) 
= Lagarotis Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 
= Lagarotis delitor (Thunberg, 1822) 
Townes 1945 has synonymized Lagarotis with Mesoleius Holmgren, [1855]. 


Dyspetes : 201. 
Type species, Tryphon praerogator (Linnaeus) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
As Dyspetus [emend. pro -es] included by Thomson 1883 : 899 (Monobasic) 
=Dyspetes fracticeps Townes & Townes 1950 

It is possible that under the rules, this species should be known as Dyspetes praero- 
gator Thomson. 


Ecclinops : 201. 

Type species, Tryphon orbitalis Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included by Thomson 1883 : 913 (Seven species and one synonym) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 49 

= Lathrolestes Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 

=Lathrolestes orbitalis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


420 J. F. PERKINS 


Echthronomas : 151. 

Type species, Casinaria ochrostoma Holmgren, [1858] 

Included by Schmiedeknecht 1908 : 1593 (Monobasic) 

= Echthronomas tricinctus (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Pfankuch 1923) 


Ecpaglus : 185. 

Type species, Phygadeuon brevicornis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included and designated by Ashmead 19008 : 30 (Monobasic) 
=Schenkia Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 

=Schenkia graminicola (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Thomson 1883) 


Ecphora : 154 nec Conrad, 1843. 

Type species, Campoplex viennensis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 1887 : 1124 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 50 

=Ecphoropsis Ashmead, 1900 (n.n.) 

=Ecphoropsis viennensis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Ecporthetor : 184. 

Type species, Cryptus fortipes Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included and designated by Ashmead 19008 : 30 (Monobasic) 
=Cubocephalus Ratzeburg, 1848 (Same type species) 
=Cubocephalus distinctor (Thunberg, 1822) (Roman 1912) 


Eczetesis : 196. 

Type species, Perilissus paniscoides Ashmead, 1896 
Included by Davis 1897 : 253 (Monobasic) 

= Absyrtus Holmgren, [1858] (Cushman 1922) 
=Absyrtus paniscoides (Ashmead, 1896) 


Encrates : 180 nec Gistl, 1848. 
Type species, Hemiteles (Encratis [sic] ?) subimpressus Brischke, 1892 
Included by Dalle Torre 1902 : 670 (Monobasic) 
=Encrateola Strand, 1916 (n.n.) 
=Encrateola laevigatus (Ratzeburg, 1848) syn. n. 
This probably represents a distinct genus of the Hemiteles complex. 


Endasys : 184. 

Type species, Stylocryptus analis Thomson, 1883 
Included by Roman 1909 : 243 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 51 

=Endasys analis (Thomson, 1883) 


Enizemum : 162. 

Type species, Bassus tibialis Cresson, 1868 
Included by Davis 18954 : 27 (Monobasic) 
=Enizemum petiolatum (Say, 1836) (Townes 1940) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 421 


Enoecetis : 211. 
Type species, Enoecetis scutellaris Kriechbaumer, 1897 
Included by Kriechbaumer 1897 : 175 (Monobasic) 


Ensimus : 167 nec Thomson, 1859. 

Type species, Lissonota dubia Holmgren, [1854] 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 438 (Four species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 51. 

=Pimplopterus Ashmead, 1900 (Townes 1944) 
=Pimplopterus dubius (Holmgren, [1854]) 


Entelechia 1871 : 110. 
Type species, Entelechia suspiciosa Foerster, 1871 
Included by Foerster 1871 : 111 (Monobasic) 


Entypoma: 171. 
Type species, Entypoma robustum Foerster, 1871 
Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 82 (Monobasic) 


Epachthes : 205 nec Nordman, 1832. 

Type species, Tvyphon erythropalpus (Gmelin) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Epachtus {emend. pro -es], included by Thomson 1894 : 1999 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 51 

=Azelus Foerster, 1868, syn. n. 

=Azelus erythropalpus (Gmelin, 1790) comb. n. 

I regard Amtsotacrus Schmiedeknecht, 1913 as having been described as anew genus, 
not as a new name for Epachtus (lapsus pro -es) in Thomson, having regard to the 
discussion which Schmiedeknecht gives, which is based on the non-agreement of 
included species with Foerster’s diagnosis. 


Eparces : 193. 

Type species, Centeterus (Eparces) grandiceps Thomson, 1891 

Included by Thomson 1891 : 1638 (Monobasic) 

=Eparces grandiceps (Thomson, 1891) 

Epiphobus : 185. 

Epistathmus : 149. 

Szépligeti 1905a@:531 gives ? Epistathrum [sic] ? jucunda Holmgren (i.e. ? Ther- 
stlochus jucundus Holmgren, [1858]) 

Epitomus : 192. 

Type species, Epitomus parvus Thomson, 1891 

Included by Thomson 1891 : 1626 (Monobasic) 


Epiurus : 164 nec Rafinesque, 1815. 

Type species, Pimpla brevicornis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 443 (Five species) 
Designated by Ashmead 1900) : 58 

=Scambus Hartig, 1838 

=Scambus brevicornis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


422 J. F. PERKINS 


Eremochila : 165. 

Type species, Pimpla ruficollis Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included and designated by Schmiedeknecht 1888a : 449 (Monobasic) 
=Eremochila ruficollis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Eremotylus : 150. 

Type species, Ophion marginatum (Jurine) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 1888 : 1193 (Monobasic) 

=Evemotylus marginatus (Jurine, 1807) 


Eriborus : 153. 

Type species, Anilasta perfida (Gravenhorst) ; Thomson, 1887 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 19074 : 599 (Two species) 

As Erioborus [lapsus pro Eribo-], designated by Morley 1913 : 469 
=H yposoter Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Hyposoter perfidus (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. 


Eridolius : 195. 

Type species, Exenterus pygmaeus Holmgren, [1855] 

Included by Thomson 1883 : 889 (Monobasic) 

=Cteniscus Haliday, 1837 (Mason in Muesebeck, Krombein & Townes 1951) 
=Cteniscus pygmaeus (Holmgren, [1855]) 


Erigloea : 202. 

Type species, Evigloea polita Kriechbaumer, 1891 

Included by Kriechbaumer 18910 : 299 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 53 

= Xenoschesis Foerster, 1868 (Cushman 1915) 

= Polycinetis Foerster (subgenus of Xenoschesis) (Townes 1945) 
= Xenoschesis (Polycinetis) resplendens (Holmgren, [1855]) 


Erigorgus : 146. 

Type species, Anomalon fibulator Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present designation) 
Included by Brischke 1880 : 136 (Three species) 

=Enigorgus fibulator (Gravenhorst, 1829) 

Viereck 1914, made an invalid selection of type for this genus. Brischke assigned 
three species definitely to Evigorgus, namely Anomalon fibulator Gravenhorst, A. 
perspicillator Gravenhorst and A. rufum Holmgren. In addition, he described 
Anomalon (? Erigorgus) carinatum as new and it is this species which Viereck errone- 
ously selected as the type species of the genus, for species doubtfully referred to a 
genus are not available for selection as the type species. I therefore now select as 
type species Anomalon fibulator Gravenhorst. This retains the traditional usage of 
Erigorgus of European authors so far as is at present known. Townes has synonymized 
Erigorgus with Gravenhorstia. Anomalon perspicillatoy Gravenhorst, A. rufum 
Holmgren and A. (? E.) carinatum have been placed in Barylypa by European 
workers. 


-_ 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 423 


Eriplanus : 180. 

Type species, Hemiteles (Eriplanus) metacomet Viereck, 1917 
Included by Viereck, 1917 : 340 (Monobasic) 

=Eriplanus micator (Gravenhorst, 1807) (Townes 1944) 


Eriplatys : 193. 

Type species, Herpestomus ardeicollis Wesmael, 1844 
Included by Thomson 18q1 : 1616 (Monobasic) 
=Eviplatys ardeicollis (Wesmael, 1844) 


Eripternus : 152. 
Type species, Evipternus tarsalis Szépligeti, 1911 
Included by Szépligeti 1911 : 10 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 54 
Ashmead in Smith rgo0a: 581 quotes E. primus Ashmead ; this however is a 
nomen nudum. 


Ernoctona : 183. 
Type species, Phygadeuon rugulosus Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present designation) 
= Phygadeuon Gravenhorst, 1829 syn. n. 


Eryma : 202 nec Meyer, 1840. 

Type species, Evyma stygium Kriechbaumer, 1891 

Included by Kriechbaumer 18910 : 301 (Monobasic) 

= Ctenopelma Holmgren, [1855] (Roman 1910) (syn. Neoeryma Ashmead, 1808 (n.n.)) 
=Ctenopelma nigrum Holmgren, [1855] (Roman 1910) 


Ethelurgus : 180. 

Type species, Hemiteles (Ethelurgus) lonicerae Viereck, 1917 
Included by Viereck 1917 : 340 (Monobasic) 

-=Ethelurgus syrphicola (Ashmead, 1890) (Townes 1944) 


Eudelus : 179. 
Type species, Hemiteles scabriculus Thomson, 1884 (By present designation) 
=Eudelus scabriculus (Thomson, 1884) comb. n. 

This confirms the supposition of Roman 1925: 13. Eudelus represents a distinct 
segregate of the genus Hemiteles (s.1.) 


Eugnomus : 147 nec Schoenherr, 1847. 

Type specis, Eugnomus manni Tschek, 1871 

Included by Tschek 1871 : 67 (Monobasic) 

=Eucremastus Szépligeti, 1905 (Ceballos 1921) 

=Eucremastus manni (Tschek, 1871) comb. n. (syn. Eucremastus brevicornis 
Szépligeti (Ceballos 1921)) 


Eusterinx : 172. 

Type species, Eusterinx oligomera Foerster, 1871 
Included by Foerster 1871 : 109 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 57 


424 J. F. PERKINS 


Eutomus : 148 nec Dejean, 1835. 

Type species, Isurgus lanceolatus Szépligeti, 1899 

Eutomus is included as a synonym of Isurgus by Szépligeti 1905 : 57-8 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 58 

=TIsurgus Foerster, 1868 (Szépligeti 1905) 


Exacrodus : 210. 

Type species, Exacrodus populans Morley, 1913 
Included by Morley 1913 : 330 (Monobasic) 

= Perilissus Holmgren, [1855] syn. n. 
=Perilissus populans (Morley, 1913) comb. n. 


Exeristes : 164. 

Type species, Pimpla roborator (Fabricius) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included and designated by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 448 (Monobasic) 
=Exeristes roborator (Fabricius, 1793) 


Exolytus : 189 Foerster nec Holmgren, 1858. 
Type species, Ichneumon laevigatus Gravenhorst, 1820 
Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 49 
= Mesoleptus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Viereck 1912) 
= Mesoleptus laevigatus (Gravenhorst, 1820) 
Foerster describes this genus as new. It is a synonym of and isogenotypic with 
Exolytus Holmgren (= Mesoleptus Gravenhorst). 


Gambrus : 188. 

Type species, Gambrus (Cryptus) maculatus Brischke, 1888 
Included by Brischke 1888 : 106 (Monobasic) 

=Gambrus incubitor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Roman 1932) 


Gastroporus : 206. 

Type species, Hyperallus caliroae Viereck, 1911 (By present designation) 

= Hypberallus Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

Cushman 1920 : 264 doubtfully refers Phthorima borealis Ashmead to this genus. 


Gausocentrus : 108. 

Type species, Gausocentrus gyrint Ashmead, 1894 
Included by Ashmead Jan. 1894 : 25 (Monobasic) 
=Bathythrix Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 
=Bathythrix gyrint (Ashmead, 1894) 


Gemophaga : 21t. 

Type species, Gemophaga rufa Ashmead, 1902 
Included by Ashmead 1902 : 223 (Monobasic) 
=Ctenochiva Foerster, 1855 (Townes & Townes 1949) 
=Ctenochira rufa (Ashmead, 1902) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 425 


Genarches : 200. 
Type species, Mesoleptus facialis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Kriechbaumer 1891 : 45 (Monobasic) 
=Perispuda Foerster 1868 
= Perispuda facialis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 
Genarches strangulator Foerster MS. is quoted as a synonym of Perispuda facialis 
(Gravenhorst) by Kriechbaumer 1891 and by the first revisor principle, Genarches 
must be taken as a synonym of Perispuda. 


Giraudia : 184. 

Type species, Cryptus congruens Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Cryptus congruen [lapsus pro -ens], included and designated by Ashmead 19006 : 30 
(Monobasic) 

=Giraudia gyratoria (Thunberg, 1822) (Roman 1912) 


Glyphicnemis : 181. 

Type species, Phygadeuon vagabundus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included and designated by Ashmead 19000 : 28 (Monobasic) 
=Glyphicnemis vagabundus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Gnathochorisis : 152. 
Type species, Gnathochorisis flavipes Foerster, 1871 
Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 113 (Monobasic) 


Gnesia : 202 nec Doubleday, 1848. 

Type species, Gnesia caliroae Rohwer, 1915 

Included and designated by Rohwer 1915 : 220 (Monobasic) 
=Esigna n.n. 

=Esigna caliroae (Rohwer, 1915) comb. n. 


Gnotus : 179. 
Type species, Hemiteles tenuicornis Gravenhorst 1829 (By present designation) (from 
description) 
=Gnotus tenuipes (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. (Pfankuch 1920) 
I have taken tenuicornis as the type species of the genus as this is based on the 
female ; the association of the male (tenuzpes) still remains in some doubt. 


Gnypetomorpha : 173. 

Type species, Hemiteles apertus Thomson, 1884 

Included and designated by Roman 1925 : 14 (Four species) 
=Gnypetomorpha aperta (Thomson, 1884) 


Gonolochus : 148. 
Type species, Gonolochus fenestralis Szépligeti, 1899 
Included by Szépligeti 1899 : 227, 243 (Monobasic) 


Gonophonus : 169. 

Type species, Gonophonus mokrzeckii Kokujev, 1902 
Included by Kokujev 1902 : 280 (Monobasic) 
=Gonophonus propinquus (Tschek, 1868) (Clément 1938) 


426 p.oF. PBERBEREINS 


Gonotypus : 153. 
Type species, Gonotypa [emend. pro -us] melanostoma Thomson, 1887 
Included by Thomson 1887 : 1137 (Monobasic) 


Gunopaches : 174. 

Type species, Gunopaches crassus Perkins, 1962 
= Phygadeuon Gravenhorst 1829 syn. n. 

= Phygadeuon crassus (Perkins, 1962) comb. n. 


Habromma : 176. 

Type species, Habromma nigrum Ashmead, 1902 

Included by Ashmead 1902 : 188 (Monobasic) 

= Phygadeuon Gravenhorst, 1829 (Townes 1944) 
=Phygadeuon unicinctus (Ashmead, 1902) (Cushman 1922) 


Habronyx 1860 : 145. 
Type species, Habronyx gravenhorstii Foerster, 1860 
Included by Foerster 1860 : 148 (Monobasic) 

There is some doubt about the identity of this species. 


Hadrodactylus : 199. 

Type species, Ichnewmon typhae Fourcroy, 1785 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 459 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 65 

= Hadrodactylus typhae (Fourcroy, 1785) 
Hedylus : 183. 

Type species, Hedylus crassicornis Ashmead, 1898 
Included by Ashmead 1898) : 339 (Monobasic) 


Helcostizus : 186. 

Type species, Cryptus brachycentrus Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 441 (One species and one synonym) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 67 

= Helcostizus albator (Thunberg, 1822) (Roman 1912) 


Hemiphanes : 172. 

Type species, Hemiphanes flavipes Foerster, 1871 
Included by Foerster 1871 : ror (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 68 


Heterocola : 148. 

Type species, Thersilochus [emend. pro Ter-] proboscidalis Thomson, 1889. 

Included by Szépligeti 1899 : 221, 238 (Monobasic) (p. 238 as Heterocolea lapsus 
pro -la) 

= Heterocola proboscidalis (Thomson, 1889) 

Heterotypus : 183. 

Type species, Ichneumon cinctorius Fabricius, 1775 (By present designation) 

=Apsilops Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Apsilops cinctorius (Fabricius, 1775) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 427 


Hidryta : 187. 
Type species, Brachycryptus erythrocerus Thomson, 1873 
Included by Dalla Torre 1902 : 551 (Four species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 69 
= Hidryta sordida (Tschek, 1870) (Habermehl 1930) 
Himerta : 200. 
Type species, Euryproctus (Himertus [emend. pro -a]) bisannulatus Thomson, 1883 
Included by Thomson 1883 : 927 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 70 
= Himerta bisannulata (Thomson, 1883) 
Kriechbaumer 1897 : 165 places Euryproctus affinis Holmgren in this genus stating 
Foerster’s specimen to be this species. 


Hodostates : 202. 

Type species, Hodostatus [emend. pro -es} brevis Thomson, 1883 
Included by Thomson 1883 : 929 (Monobasic) 

= Hodostates brevis Thomson, 1883 


Holmgrenia : 213. 

Type species, Holmgrenia lanceolata Davis, 1898 
Included by Davis 1898 : 294 (Six species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 71 

= Mesoleius Holmgren, [1855] (Townes 1945) 

= Mesoleius lanceolatus (Davis, 1898) 


Holocremnus : 157. 

Type species, Limneria cothurnata Holmgren, [1858] 

As Holocremna [emend. pro -us], included by Thomson 1887 : 1178 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 71 

= Holocremnus cothurnatus (Holmgren, [1858]) 

Holocrepis : 193. 

Type species, Holocrepis rufipes Schmiedeknecht, 1903 

Included and designated by Schmiedeknecht 1903 : 297 (Monobasic) 


Holomeristus : 171. 
Type species, Holomeristus tenuicinctus Foerster, 1871 
Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 81 (Monobasic) 


Homalomma : 108. 

Type species, Homalomma caliroae Rohwer, 1915 

Included and designated by Rohwer 1915 : 218 (Three species) 
=Lathrolestes Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 

=Lathrolestes caliroae (Rohwer, 1915) 

Homaspis : 108. 

Type species, Mesoleptus rufinus Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included by Thomson 1894 : 1984 (Four species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 71 

=Homaspis rufinus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


428 J. F. PERKINS 


Homelys : 182 nec Meyer 1844. 
Type species, Phygadeuon lapponicus Thomson, 1884 
Included and designated by Viereck 1914 : 71 (Monobasic) 
= Phygadeuon Gravenhorst, 1829 (Townes 1944) 
Roman 1909 : 241 only places lapponicus in this genus tentatively [“‘ wiirde ’’]. 


Homobia : 203. 

Type species, Colpotrochia ? cinctiventris Ashmead, 1896 
Included by Davis 1897 : 278 (Monobasic) 

= Xenoschesis Foerster, 1868 (Cushman, 1937) 

= Xenoschesis cinctiventris (Ashmead, 1896) 


Homotherus : 185. 

Type species, Ichneumon locutor Thunberg, 1822 
Included and designated by Heinrich 1960 : 17 
= Homotherus locutor (Thunberg, 1822) 


Homotropus : 162. 

Type species, Bassus elegans Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Homoporus [lapsus pro Homotropus], included by Thomson 1890 : 1488 (Many 
species) 

Designated by Viereck 1912@ : 175 

=Homotropus elegans (Gravenhorst, 1829) 

Homocidus Morley, being a new name for Homoporus, must have the same type. 
If Homoporus is considered a lapsus for Homotropus, then this species automatically 
becomes the type of Homotropus (cf. Walkley in Krombein eé al. 1958 : 57). 

For the moment, I regard Homotropus as being distinct from Syrphoctonus ; if 
the genera are synonymized then Homotropus is a synonym of Syrphoctonus (Benoit 
1955). 

Hoplitophrys : 164. 

Type species, Glypta brischket Holmgren, [1860] 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 431 (Monobasic) 
=Hoplitophrys brischkei (Holmgren, [1860]) 

If this species is regarded as belonging to Teleutaea (Hellén 1915) then the latter 
name should be used. 


Horogenes : 152. 

Type species, Campoplex tenuiventris Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Brischke 1880 : 147 (Monobasic) 
=Casinaria Holmgren, [1858] syn. n. 

=Casinaria tenuiventris (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Horogenes Foerster auctt. nec Foerster. 
=Nythobia Foerster, 1868 

Little has been published on the Campoplegini for a considerable time and the 
classification of the group is somewhat chaotic. Of the synonyms at present listed 
under Horogenes auctt., Diadegma is the oldest ; however this belongs, with Zaporus, 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 429 


to Meloboris which seems to me to be as valid a segregate as the other recognized 
genera of the group of Campoplegini having the nervellus unbroken, the glymmae 
present and the postpetiole carinate laterally. The next available listed name is 
Enytus Cameron, 1905 (Type species E. maculipes Cameron = eureka Ashmead) ; 
this species has an open areolet. 

However, taking a broad view of the genera, until such time as a world revision 
can be undertaken, it seems to me that Nythobia Foerster could be used for the 
group. This genus has been recognized only on the open areolet and short ovipositor ; 
the latter character applies to the type species, pusio (Holmgren), but as pointed out 
by Thomson, elishae (Bridgman) differs from this mainly in having a more elongate 
ovipositor, and his manus (Gravenhorst) group with a partially closed areolet seem also 
to be related to pusto and they have the ovipositor longer still. It would appear, 
therefore, best for the present to use Nythobia for Horogenes auctt. 


Hybophanes : 166. 

Type species, Tvyphon scabriculus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 435 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 72 

=Hybophanes scabriculus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Hybristes : 210 nec Reichenbach, 1850. 


Hypamblys : 212. 

Type species, Mesoleius transfuga Holmgren, [1855] 

As Syndipnus (Hypamblys) transfuga, included by Thomson 1894 : 2008 (Four species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 73 

=Hypamblys albopictus (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Pfankuch 1907) 


Hyperallus : 210. 
Type species, Hyperallus caliroae Viereck, 1911 
Included by Viereck 1911a@ : 189 (Monobasic) 


Hyperbatus : 210. 


Hypocryptus : 108. 
Type species, Mesoleptus (Hypocryptus) testaceicornis Brischke, 1892 
Included by Brischke 1892 : 33 (Monobasic) 


Hypoleptus : 159. 

Type species, Hypoleptus columbianus Ashmead, 1896 
Included by Ashmead 18 96a : 203 (Monobasic) 
=Stenomacrus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 
=Stenomacrus columbianus (Ashmead, 1896) 


Hyposoter : 152. 

Type species, Limnerium (Hyposoter) parorgyiae Viereck, 1910 
Included and designated by Viereck 1910 : 383 (Monobasic) 
=Hyposoter parorgyiae (Viereck, 1910) 


430 J. F. PERKINS 


Hypothereutes : 156. 

Type species, Hypotherentes [lapsus pro -reutes] geometrae Ashmead, 1898 
Included by Ashmead, 1898a@ : 167 (Monobasic) 

= Phobocampe Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 

= Phobocampe geometrae (Ashmead, 1808) 


Ichnaeops : 197. 
Type species Perilissus lutescens Holmgren, [1855] (By present designation) 
= Pertlissus Holmgren, [1855] syn. n. 


Idechthis : 154 nec Huebner, 1821. 

Type species, Idechthis oahuensis Ashmead, 1901 
Included by Ashmead Igo : 355 (Monobasic) 
=Exidechthis Walkley, 1958 (n.n.) 

=Exidechthis canescens (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Morley 1915) 


Idemum : 179. 

Type species, Hemiteles (Idemum) crassiformis Viereck, 1917 
Included by Viereck 1917 : 340 (Monobasic) 

=Idemum crassiformis (Viereck, 1917) 


Idiogramma : 163. 
Type species, Idiogramma euryops Schmiedeknecht, 1888 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 429 (Monobasic) 


Idiolispa : 188. 

Type species, Bassus analis Gravenhorst, 1807 
Included by Tschek 1870 : 126, 127 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 75 

=Idiolispa analis (Gravenhorst, 1807) 


Idiostolis : 190. 

Type species, Hoplismenus cothurnatus Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present designation) 
= Poectlostictus Ratzeburg, 1852 syn. n. (syn. Neoplatylabus Heinrich, 1936) 

= Poecilostictus cothurnatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Idioxenus : 171. 

Type species, Megastylus mediator Schiedte, 1839 

Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 94 (Many species) 
= Helictes Curtis, 1837 (Dalla Torre 1901) 

= Helictes mediator (Schiedte, 1839) 


Ilapinastes : 179. 

Type species, Hemiteles (Ilapinastes) davidsonit Ashmead, 1896 

Included by Ashmead in Davidson 1896 : 320 (Monobasic) 

(Ashmead quotes “‘ The species evidently belongs to Foerster’s subgenus Ilapinastes ’’) 
=Gelis Thunberg, 1827 (Townes 1944) 

=Gelis davidsonii (Ashmead, 1896) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 431 


Ipoctonus : 199 nec Heine, 1860. 

Type species, Mesoleptus chrysostomus (Gravenhorst) Holmgren, [1856] 
Included by Thomson 1889a : 1432 (Three species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 76 

=TIpoctoninus Hincks, 1944 (n.n.) 

=TIpoctoninus chrysostomus (Gravenhorst, 1820) 


Isadelphus : 177. 

Type species, Hemiteles inimicus Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included by Roman 1909 : 234 (Three species and two synonyms) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 76 

= Mastrus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 

= Mastrus inimicus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Ischnobatis : 148. 

Type species, Therstlochus [emend. pro Ter-] (Ichnobatis Fst. [lapsus pro Ischobatis]) 
straminetpes Brischke 1880 

Included by Brischke 1880 : 194 (Monobasic) 

=Ischnobatis straminetpes (Brischke), 1880 (syn. Luchatema Walkley, 1956, Temelucha 
auctt. nec type species) 

Viereck 1914, quotes Porizon nigritulus Gravenhorst as the type species of a mono- 
basic genus. This is invalid as Brischke placed stvamineipes Brischke and ? nigritulus 
Gravenhorst in the subgenus Jschnobatis, so only one species was definitely included. 

Hellén 1958 : 17 regards Ischnobatis as a synonym of Phradis. 


Ischnoscopus : 156. 

Type species, Ischnoscopus synchlorae Ashmead, 1898 
Included by Ashmead 18982 : 168 (Monobasic) 

= Hyposoter Foerster, 1868 (Gahan 1914) 
=Hyposoter synchlorae (Ashmead, 1898) 


Ischnurgops : 175. 

Type species, Cryptus claviger Taschenberg, 1865 

Included and designated by Viereck 1914 : 77 (Monobasic) 

Synonymized with Leptocryptus Thomson by Roman 1909 : 236 without included 
species. 

= Bathythrix Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 

= Bathythrix claviger (Taschenberg, 1865) 


Ischyracis : 175. 

Type species, Catomicrus alpigenus Strobl, 1904 (syn. Stroblia alpigena (Strobl) 
(Schmiedeknecht 1911), Acanthostroblia alpigena (Strobl) (Roman 1925)) (By 
present designation) 

syn. Stroblia Schmiedeknecht, 1911 nec Pokorny, 1893, Acanthostroblia Roman, 1925 
syn. n. 

=Ischyracis alpigenus (Strobl, 1904) comb. n. 

ENTOM, 11, 8 25 


432 J. F. PERKINS 


The first inclusion of a name in this genus is Ichyracis [sic] americanus Ashmead 
MS. by Slosson 1906: 324; then later as Ichyracis [sic] Ischyracis americanus 
Ashmead MS. by Cushman 1922: 16. Neither has any specific description. 


Isdromas : 180. 

Type species, Acrolyta aletia Ashmead, 1896 

As Isodromas [lapsus pro Isdr-], included by Ashmead in Smith 1go0a : 569 (Mono- 
basic) 

=Isdromas lycaenae (Howard, 1889) (Townes 1944) 


Iselix : 182. 
Type species, Phygadeuon nitidus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Dalla Torre 1902 : 703 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 78 
= Phygadeuon Gravenhorst, 1829 
This is considered by some authors as a subgenus of Phygadeuon. 


Iseropus : 164. 

Type species, Ichneumon graminellae Schrank, 1802 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 443 (Monobasic) 
=TIseropus stercorator (Fabricius, 1793) 


Isochresta : 181. 

Type species, Isochresta unicincta Ashmead, 1902 
Included by Ashmead 1902 : 190 (Monobasic) 

= Phygadeuon Gravenhorst, 1829 (Townes 1944) 
=Phygadeuon unicinctus (Ashmead, 1902) 


Isodiaeta : 204. 

Type species, Tvyphon segmentarius (Fabricius), Gravenhorst 1829 ; ? of Fabricius 
1787 (By present designation) 

This interpretation of the genus follows the Kriechbaumer Collection : no Foerster 

specimen was found. 

=Barytarbes Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

= Barytarbes segmentarius (Fabricius), 1787 (Pfankuch 1906) 


Isotima : 182. 

Type species, Isotima albicincta Ashmead, 1905 
Included by Ashmead 19050 : 407 (Four species) 
Designated by Townes 1957 : 109 


Isurgus : 148. 

Type species, Isurgus lanceolatus Szépligeti, 1899 
Included by Szépligeti 1899 : 224, 241 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 78 


Itamoplex : 188. 
Type species, Cryptus americanus Cresson, 1864 
Included by Ashmead in Smith 1900a : 570 (Three species) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 433 


Designated by Viereck 1914 : 79 
=Cryptus Fabricius, 1804 (Viereck 1914) 
=Cryptus americanus Cresson, 1864 

There is some doubt concerning the usage of the specific name albitarsis. Dalla 
Torre 1902 : 560, by the form of his reference, regarded Ischnus albitarsis Cresson, 
1864 (transferred to Cryptus) as a homonym of Cryptus albitarsis Cresson, 1864 (now 
transferred to Trychosis). I therefore prefer to use the name americanus of which 
Ischnus albitarsis is a synonym. 


Itamus : 179 nec Schmidt-Goebel, 1846. 

Type species, Hemiteles (Itamus) okamotoi Uchida, 1936 
Included by Uchida 1936 : 13 (Monobasic) 

= Uchidella Townes, 1957 (n.n.) 

= Uchidella marginatus (Uchida, 1930) (Townes 1957) 


Ithagenes 158 nec Agassiz, 1846 [emend. pro Ithaginis Wagler, 1832]. 


Itoplectis : 164. 
Type species, Ichneumon scanicus Villers, 1789 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 443 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 79 
=TItoplectis maculator (Fabricius, 1775) 
Designations of Ichneumon maculator Fabricius by Ashmead 1900 (as maculata 
[sic]} and by Morley 1913 : 169 appear to be invalid as this species, as such, was not 
included by Woldstedt although now scanicus is believed to be a synonym of maculator. 


Kaltenbachia : 187. 
Type species, Cryptus ornatus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Dalla Torre 1902 : 551 (Seven species) (see antea, p. 391) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 80 
=Gambrus Foerster, 1868 (Dalla Torre 1902) 
=Gambrus incubitor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Roman 1932) 
Brischke 1891, quotes Cryptus ornatus Grav.? as belonging to this genus. As this 
is an inclusion of a doubtful species in the genus it should be disregarded and the Dalle 
Torre reference then becomes valid, quoting Kaltenbachia as a synonym of Gambrus. 


Labroctonus : 195. . 

Type species, Tvyphon articulatus Cresson, 1868 
Included by Davis 1897 : 249 (Monobasic) 
=Polyblastus (Labroctonus) (Townes & Townes 1949) 
=Polyblastus (Labroctonus) articulatus (Cresson, 1868) 


Labrorychus : 146. 

Type species, Anomalon nigricorne Wesmael, 1849 

Included by Brischke 1880 : 137 (Monobasic) 

This genus is therefore isotypic with Blaptocampus Thomson 
syn. Blaptocampus Thomson, 1892 syn. n. 

= Labrorychus nigricornis (Wesmael, 1849) 


434 J. F. PERKINS 


The above type designation quite alters the usage of Labrorychus. Until a complete 
generic revision is undertaken, it seems inadvisable to describe a new genus for 
Labrorychus auctt., which could perhaps at the moment, be placed in Barylypa. 


Labrossyta : 202. 

Type species, Ichneumon scotopterus Gravenhorst, 1820 

As Labrossytus [emend. pro -a], included by Thomson 1894 : 2001 (Monobasic) 
= Labrossyta scotoptera (Gravenhorst, 1820) 


Laepserus : 205. 

Type species, Blapticus crassulus Thomson, 1888 (By present designation) 
syn. Acroblapticus Schmiedeknecht, IgII syn. n. 

= Laepserus crassulus (Thomson 1888) comb. n. 


Lagarotis : 205. 

Type species, Ichneumon semicaligatus Gravenhorst, 1820 

As Lagarotus [emend. pro -ts], included by Thomson 18924 : 1881 (Four species and 
three synonyms) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 81 

= Lagarotis semicaligatus (Gravenhorst, 1820) 


Lamachus : 206. 

Type species, Tryphon lophyrorum Hartig, 1838 
Included by Thomson 1892a : 1877 (Six species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 81 

=Lamachus lophyrorum (Hartig, 1838) 


Laphyctes : 146 nec Dujardin, 1845. 

Type species, Laphyctes insidiator Foerster, 1878 

Included by Foerster 1878 : 73 (Three species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 82 

=Barylypa Foerster, 1868 (Szépligeti 1905) (syn. Sarntheinia Dalla Torre, rgor (n.n.)) 
=Barylypa instdiator (Foerster, 1878) 


Laphyroscopus : 197. 

Type species, Tryphon gorski Ratzeburg, 1852 

As Luphyroscopus [lapsus pro Laph-], included by Thomson 1883: 915 (Three 
species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 87. 

= Lathrolestes Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 

= Lathrolestes luteolator (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Pfankuch 1906) 


Lathiponus : 108. 

Type species, Mesoleius (Lathiponus) pulcherrimus Thomson, 1888 
Included by Thomson 1888a : 1261 (Monobasic) 

=Lathiponus frigidus (Woldstedt, 1872) (Hellén 1953) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 435 


Lathrolestes : 196. ~ 

Type species, Tvyphon clypeatus Zetterstedt, 1838 

As Lathrolestus [emend. pro -es], included by Thomson 1883 : 916 (Seven species and 
one synonym) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 82 

= Lathrolestes clypeatus (Zetterstedt, 1838) 


Lathrophagus : 213. 

Type species, Mesoleius buccatus Holmgren, [1855] (By present designation) 
=Hypamblys Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Hypamblys buccatus (Holmgren, [1855]) 


Lathroplex : 154. 
Type species, Lathroplex clypearis Thomson, 1887 
Included by Thomson 1887 : 1135 (Monobasic) 


Lathrostizus : 154. 

Type species, Lathrostiza [emend. pro -us] sternocera Thomson, 1887 
Included by Thomson 1887 : 1152 (Two species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 82 

=Lathrostizus sternocerus Thomson, 1887 


Leptodemas : 182. 
Type species, Leptodemas cariniscutis Cameron, 1906 
Included by Cameron 19062 : 330 (Monobasic) 
=Deloglyptus Wesmael, 1844 syn. n. 
= Deloglyptus cariniscutis (Cameron, 1906) comb. n. 
This species is probably conspecific with pudibundus (Wesmael, 1844) 


Leptopygus : 148. 

Type species, Porizon harpurus (Schrank) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 1889 : 1366 (Two species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 84 

=Leptopygus harpurus (Schrank, 1802) 


Liopsis : 162. 

Type species, Bassus sulcator Gravenhorst, 1829 

As a synonym of Promethes, included by Morley 1911 : 116 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1912@ : 177 

=Pvomethes Foerster, 1868 

= Promethes sulcator (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Listrota : 209. 

Type species, Phobetes canadensis Harrington, 1894 
Included by Davis 1898 : 289 (Monobasic) 

= Polyterus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 
=Polyterus canadensis (Harrington, 1894) 


436 J. F. PERKINS 


Lymeon : 176. 

Type species, Lymeon annulicornis Ashmead, 1894 
Included by Ashmead 1894a : 243 (Monobasic) 

=Lymeon orbum (Say, 1836) (Cushman and Gahan 1921) 


Lysibia : 175. 

Type species, Tryphon nanus Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present designation) 
syn. Haplaspis Townes, 1944 syn. n. 

=Lysibia nana (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. 


Mastrus : 176. 

Type species, Phygadeuon (Mastrus) neodiprioni Viereck, 1911 
Included by Viereck 1911a : 195 (Monobasic) 

= Mastrus argeae (Viereck, 1911) (Townes 1944) 


Medophron : 185. 
Type species, Medophron niger Brischke, 1881 
Included by Brischke 1881 : 344 (Monobasic) 
= Medophron afflictor (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Schmiedeknecht 1905) 
This genus will probably prove to be a segregate from Phygadeuon as was proposed 
by Roman 1914. 


Megaplectes : 186. 

Type species, Ichneumon monticola Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1890 : 87 (Monobasic) 
= Megaplectes monticola (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Meringopus : 186. 

Type species, Cryptus recreator Fabricius, 1804 

Included by Tschek 1870 : 115 (Monobasic) 

=Cryptus Fabricius, 1804 

=Cryptus recreator Fabricius, 1804 (syn. C. obscurus (Gmelin) Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Mesoclistus : 168. 

Type species, Acoenites rufipes Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 424 (Monobasic) 
= Mesoclistus rufipes (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Metacoelus : 161. 

Type species, Exochus femoralis (Fourcroy) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Holmgren 1873 : 61 (Four species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 93 

=Hypsicera Latreille, 1829 

=Hypsicera femoralis (Fourcroy, 1762) 


Micromonodon : 183. 

Type species, Hemicryptus tener Kriechbaumer, 1893 
Included by Dalla Torre 1902 : 702 (Monobasic) 

= Micromonodon tener (Kriechbaumer, 1893) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 437 


Micrope : 193. 

Type species, Phaeogenes macilentus Wesmael, 1844 
Included by Thomson, 1891 : 1627 (Monobasic) 

= Micrope macilenta (Wesmael, 1844) 


Microplectron : 195 nec Streubel, 1842. 

Type species, Exenterus jucundus Holmgren, [1855] 
Included by Dalla Torre 1go1 : 344 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 95 

=Smuicroplectrus Thomson 1883 

=Smuicroplectrus jucundus (Holmgren, [1855]) 


Microplex : 175. 

Type species, Aclastus rufipes Ashmead, 1902 
Included by Roman 1909 : 235 (Monobasic) 
=Gnypetomorpha Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 
=Gnypetomorpha rufipes (Ashmead, 1902) 


Microtorus : 178. 

Type species, Microtorus kichijot Uchida, 1940 (n.n. for Hemiteles (Rhadiurgus) 
chrysopae Uchida, 1933) 

Included by Uchida 1940 : 66 (Two species) 

Designated by Townes 1957 : III 

=Dichrogaster Doumerc, 1855 syn. n. 

= Dichrogaster kichijot (Uchida, 1940) comb. n. 

Miomeris : 171. 

Type species, Miomeris aquisgranensis Foerster, 1871 

Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 92 (Monobasic) 


Mnesidacus : 159. 

Type species, Mnesidaecus [lapsus pro -dacus] apicalis Ashmead, 1896 
Included by Ashmead 18962 : 202 (Monobasic) 

=Mnesidacus nigricoxus (Provancher, 1888) 


Moerophora : 169. 

Type species, Xylonomus rufipes Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Woldstedt 1881 : 61 (Monobasic) 

= Moerophora rufipes (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Myriarthrus :172. n.n. for Helictes Haliday in Curtis, 1838. 
Type species, Plectiscus erythrostoma (Gmelin) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
= Helictes erythrostoma (Gmelin, 1790) 


Naetes : 179. 

Type species, Hemiteles (Naites [sic]) rufus Brischke, 1892 (a homonym of Hemiteles 
vufus Taschenberg, 1876) 

Included by Brischke 1892 : 49 (Monobasic) 

=Orthizema Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Orthizema hadrocerus (Thomson, 1884) syn. n. comb. n. 


438 J. F. PERKINS 


Narcopoea : 204. 
Type species, Mesoleptus typhae (Fourcroy) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Kriechbaumer 1891@ : 137 (Monobasic) 
= Hadrodactylus Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 
= Hadrodactylus typhae (Fourcroy, 1785) 
Narcopoea singularis Foerster MS. is stated to be a malformed specimen of Meso- 
leptus typhae. 


Neales : 204. 

Type species, Tvyphon vepretorum Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Kriechbaumer 1897 : 169 (Monobasic) 
=Otlophorus Foerster, 1868 

=Otlophorus vepretorum (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Neleges : 204. 
Type species, Tryphon proditor Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Pfankuch 1907 : 147 (Monobasic) 
= Neleges proditor (Gravenhorst, 1829) 
Townes & Townes 1950 have synonymized this genus with Monoblastus Hartig 


1837. 


Neleophron : 184. 

Type species, Cryptus arrogans Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present designation) 
= Polytribax Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Polytribax arrogans (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. 


Neleothymus : 200. 

Type species, Neleothymus ? rufo-ornatus Cameron, 1905 
Included and designated by Townes 1945 : 693 

= Neleothymus rufoornatus Cameron, 1905 


Neotypus : 194. 

Type species, Ichneumon lapidator Fabricius, 1793 nec 1787 
Included by Holmgren 1871 : 292 (Two species) 

As lepidator [lapsus pro lap-], designated by Ashmead 19000 : 20 
=Neotypus nobilitator (Gravenhorst, 1807) 


Nepiera : 156. 

Type species, Limneria concinna Holmgren, [1858] 
Included by Thomson 1887 : 1137 (Monobasic) 
=Nepiera collector (Thunberg, 1822) (Roman 1912) 


Nepiesta : 152. 

Type species, Nepiesta subclavata Thomson, 1887 

Included by Thomson 1887 : 1116 (Three species and one synonym) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 100 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 439 


Noemon : 207. 

Type species, Noemon palmaris Davis, 1898 

Included by Davis 1898 : 287 (Three species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : IOI 

=Tryphon (Noemon) Foerster, 1868 (Townes & Townes 1950) 
=Tryphon (Noemon) palmaris (Davis, 1898) 


Notomeris : 201. 

Type species, Notomeris difformis Holmgren, [1855] 

As Adelognathus (Notomeris), included by Thomson 18880 : 1278 (Monobasic) 
=Notomeris difformis (Holmgren, [1855]) 


Notosemus : 194. 

Type species, Notosemus dives Brischke, 1887 
Included by Brischke 1887 : 88 (Monobasic) 
=Notosemus bohemani (Wesmael, 1855) 


Nuneches : 186. 

Type species, Phygadeuon sodalis Taschenberg, 1865 (By present designation) 
=Ethelurgus Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Ethelurgus sodalis (Taschenberg, 1865) comb. n. 

Nythobia : 153. 

Type species, Meloboris pusio Holmgren, [1858] 

Included by Schmiedeknecht 19074 : 599 (Monobasic) 

=Nythobia pusio (Holmgren, [1858}) 


Nythophona : 207. 


Nyxeophilus Foester : 187. 
Type species, Cryptus bimaculatus Gravenhorst, 1829 
=Nyxeophilus bimaculatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Nyxeophilus : Thomson, 1885 nec Foerster, 1868. 

Type species, Nyxeophilus bimaculatus Thomson, 1885 
Included and designated by Thomson 1885 : 18 (Two species) 
=Nyxeophilus augusta (Dalman, 1823) 

Thomson, in the above reference, gives Nyxeophilus mihi and in 1897 : 2363 refers 
to Nyxeophilus Thomson. The first inclusion of species in Nyxeophilus Foerster is by 
Dalla Torre r1goI : 399, where Cryptus bimaculatus Gravenhorst is included as a 
synonym. This species was selected as the type of Nyxeophilus Foerster by Viereck 
IQI4 : 102. 

Ocymorus : 180. 

Type species, Hemiteles cingulator Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included and designated by Townes 1944 : 208 

= Hemiteles Gravenhorst, 1829 (Isogenotypic) (Townes 1944) 
= Hemiteles bipunctator (Thunberg, 1822) (Roman 1912) 

Ocymorus is quoted as a synonym of Leptocryptus Thomson by Roman 1909 : 236 
but without included species, 


440 J.-E. PEREDPNS 


Odinophora : 163. 

Type species, Lissonota dorsalis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1907 : 1158 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 102 

= Odinophora dorsalis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Odontoneura : 185. 
Type species, Phygadeuon annulicornis Thomson, 1884 (By present designation) 
This, very probably, will be recognized as a distinct segregate of Phygadeuon. 


Odontopsis : 150 nec Hasselt, 1823. 

Type species, Gravenhorstia picta Boie, 1836 
Included by Dalla Torre 1go1 : 200 (Monobasic) 
=Gravenhorstia Boie 1836 


Oetophorus : 196. (In the index : 218, given as Oeth-) 

Type species, Mesoleius stretchit Cresson, 1878 

Included by Davis 1897 : 252 (Four species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 104 

= Perilissus Holmgren, [1855] (Townes 1945, Burks 1952) 
=Perilissus stretchia (Cresson, 1878) 

Olesicampe : 153. 

Type species, Campoplex longipes (Mueller) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
As Olesicampa [emend. pro -e], included by Thomson 1887 : 1142 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1912 : 45 

=Olesicampe longipes (Mueller, 1776) 

Olethrodotis : 151. 


Oligoplectron : 161 n.n. for Periope Curtis, 1829. 
Type species, Periope auscultator Haliday, 1839 

= Periope Curtis, 1829 

Omoborus : 154. 

Type species, Omoborus kincaidi Davis, 1898 

Included by Davis 18984 : 363 (Monobasic) 
=Olesicampe Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 
=Olesicampe kincaidi (Davis, 1898) 

Omorgus : 154 nec Erichson, 1847. 

Type species, Limneria mutabilis Holmgren, [1858] 

As Omorga [emend. pro -us], included by Thomson 1887 : 1125 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1g12c : 642 

=Campoplex Gravenhorst, 1829 (Viereck 1912) 
=Campoplex lineolatus Ratzeburg, 1844 (Strobl 1907) 
Oneista : 207. 

Type species, Oneista bohemani Kriechbaumer, 1892 
Included by Kriechbaumer 1892 : 41 (Monobasic) 

= Lagarotus Foerster, 1868 (Roman 1909) 

=Lagarotus ustulatus (Holmgren, [1855]) (Roman 1909) 


Ea 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 441 


Opidnus : 185. 

Type species, Aptesis (Pezoporus) tsugae Cushman, 1939 
Included and designated by Townes & Townes 1951 : 256 
=Opidnus tsugae (Cushman, 1939) 


Opisthostenus : 175. 

Type species, Hemiteles (Opisthostenus) etorofuensis Uchida, 1936 
Included by Uchida 1936a : 43 (Monobasic) 

=Gnypetomorpha Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1957) 
=Gnypetomorpha etorofuensis (Uchida, 1936) 


Orthizema : 178. 

Type species, Hemiteles (Orthizema) ornatus Brischke, 1890 
Included by Brischke 1890 : 106 (Monobasic) 

= Orthizema subannulatus (Bridgman, 1883) comb. n. 


Otacustes : 174. 

Type species, Otacustes atriceps Ashmead, 1894 

Included by Ashmead 18944 : 244 (Two species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 107 

= Dichrogaster Doumerc, 1855 syn. n. 

=Dichrogaster crassus chrysopae (Ashmead, 1894) (Cushman 1935, Townes 1944) 
comb. n. 


Otitochilus : 203. 

Type species, Tvyphon trochanteratus Holmgren, [1855] 

As Tryphon (Otitochilus) trochanteratus, included by Woldstedt 1877: 460 (Two 
species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 108 

=Tryphon Fallén, 1813 (Townes 1944) 


Otlophorus : 202. 

Type species, Tvyphon vepretorum Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 1895 : 2026 (Five species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 108 

=Otlophorus vepretorum (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Otoblastus : 201. 

Type species, Tvyphon luteomarginatus Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included by Thomson 1883 : goo (Monobasic) 

= Otoblastus luteomarginatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 

Townes & Townes 1950 synonymize this genus with Monoblastus Hartig, 1837. 


Oxyrrhexis : 166. 

Type species, Cryptus carbonator Gravenhorst, 1807 

Included and designated by Schiedeknecht 1888 : 432 (Monobasic) 
=Oxyrrhexis carbonator (Gravenhorst, 1807) 


442 J.-B, PERKINS 


Oxytaenia : 182. 
Type species, Oxytaenia rufolineata Cameron, 1904 
Included by Cameron 1904 : 254 (Monobasic) 


Oxytorus : 199. 
Type species, Oxytorus armatus Thomson, 1883 
Included by Thomson 1883 : g10 (Monobasic) 


Pammachus : 185. 

Type species, Stenocryptus nigriventris Thomson, 1873 
Included by Dalla Torre 1902 : 697 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 109 

=Cubocephalus Ratzeburg, 1848 (Dalla Torre 1902) 
=Cubocephalus oviventris (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Pammicra : 181. 

Type species, Hemiteles dorsalis Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Pammuicrus [emend. pro -a], included by Thomson 1883 : 880 (Monobasic) 
=Pammicra dorsalis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Panargyrops : 182. 

Type species, Cryptus claviger Taschenberg, 1865 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 435 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 109 

=Bathythrix Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 
=Bathythrix claviger (Taschenberg, 1865) 


Panteles : 165. 

Type species, Brachypimpla ? schuetzeana Roman, 1925 
Included by Roman 1931 : 25 (Monobasic) 

=Panteles schuetzeana (Roman, 1925) 


a —— er 


Ashmead in Smith 19004 : 575 quotes Panteles mellithorax Ashmead ; this however 


is a nomen nudum. 


Pantisarthrus 1871 : 109. 

Type species, Pantisarthrus inaequalis Foerster, 1871 
Included by Foerster 1871 : 110 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : IIo 


Pantolispa : 178. 

Type species, Gunopaches crassus Perkins, 1962 

=Gunopaches Foerster 1868 (syn. n.) (=Phygadeuon Gravenhorst 1829) 
=Phygadeuon crassus (Perkins, 1962) 


Pantoporthus : 209. 

Type species, Ichneumon luridator Gravenhorst, 1820 (By present designation) 
=Oxytorus Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Oxytorus luridator (Gravenhorst, 1820) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 443 


Pantorhaestes : 206. 

Type species, Tryphon xanthostomus Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included by Pfankuch 1906 : 83 (One species and two synonyms) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : I10 

=Pantorhaestes xanthostomus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Pantropa : 155. 


Parabates : 150. 
Type species, Parabatus [emend. pro -es] nigricarpus Thomson, 1888 
Included by Thomson 1888 : 1196 (Four species) 
Designated by Enderlein 1912 : 106 
= Parabates nigricarpus Thomson, 1888 
Townes 1938 regarded this as a subgenus of Netelia Gray, 1860. 


Paraphylax : 176. 
Type species, Paraphylax fasciatipennis Ashmead, 1904 
Included by Ashmead 1904 : 141 (Monobasic) 


Paraplesius : 207. 


Pemon : 174. 

Type species, Pemon proximum Perkins, 1962 
=Lysibia Foerster 1868 syn. n. 

=Lysibia proxima (Perkins, 1962) comb. n. 


Perispuda : 205. 

Type species, Mesoleptus facialis Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Perispudus [emend. pro -a], included by Thomson 18884 : 1261 (Monobasic) 
=Perispuda facialis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Peritaenius : 190. 

Type species, Peritaenius bavaricus Clément, 1927 

Included and designated by Clément 1927 : 75 (Five species) 
= Hoplismenus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Heinrich 1949) 

= Hoplismenus istrianus (Clément, 1927) (Heinrich 1949) 


Perosis : 169. 
Type species, Echthrus armatus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 441 (Monobasic) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 113 
= Mastrus Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 
= Mastrus armatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. 
Roman 1914 placed this species in Cecidonomus Bridgman, the name by which 
Mastrus was known in Europe for many years. 
Perosis Foerster auctt. nec Foerster should therefore take the name Sycophrurus 
Picard, 1919 (Seyrig 1928) which is a direct synonym of Perosvs auctt. 


444 J. F. PERKINS 


Pezolochus 1850 : 103. 
Type species, Pezolochus rufipes Foerster, 1850 
Included by Foerster 1850 : 104 (Monobasic) 
=Gelis Thunberg, 1827 
=Gelis rufipes (Foerster, 1850) 
A revisionary study of Gelis will very possibly show that this species belongs to a 
distinct segregate. 


Pezoporus : 181 nec Illiger, 1811. 

Type species, Ichneumon nigrocinctus Gravenhorst, 1815 

As Pezomachus nigrocinctus, included and designated by Ashmead 19000 : 27 (Mono- 
basic) 

=A hptesis Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 

=Aplesis nigrocinctus (Gravenhorst, 1815) 


Phaedroctonus : 153. 

Type species, Phaedroctonus minutus Ashmead, 1902 
Included by Ashmead 1902 : 235 (Monobasic) 
=Campoplex Gravenhorst, 1829 (Townes 1945) 
=Campoplex cupressi (Ashmead, 1890) (Townes 1945) 


Phaenolobus : 168. 

Type species, Ichnewmon arator Rossi, 1791 

Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 425 (Four species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 114 

=Phaenolobus arator (Rossi, 1791) 


Phaenosemus : 160. 

Type species, Phaenosemus sitkensis Ashmead, 1902 
Included by Ashmead 1902 : 231 (Monobasic) 
=Orthocentrus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Townes 1945) 
=Orthocentrus sitkensis (Ashmead, 1902) 


Phaestus : 212. 

Type species, Phaestus heterocerus Thomson, 1894 
Included by Thomson 1894 : 2017 (Monobasic) 

= Phaestus anomalus (Brischke, 1871) (Teunissen 1948) 


Phagesorus : 212. 


Phatnacra : 179. 
Type species, Hemiteles (Phatnacra) monterai da Costa Lima, 1948 
Included by da Costa Lima 1948 : 31 (Monobasic) 


Philonygmus : 177. 

Type species, Philonygus [sic] alaskensis Ashmead, 1902 
Included by Ashmead 1902 : 189 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : I15 

= Alegina Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 

= Alegina solitarius (Ashmead, 1902) (Cushman 1922) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 445 


Philotymma : 209. 
Type species, Ichneumon leptocerus Gravenhorst, 1820 (By present designation) 
= Phobetes Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 
= Phobetes leptocerus (Gravenhorst, 1820) 
The inclusion of flaviceps Cameron in ? Philotymma is not accepted as fixing the 
usage of this genus (Cameron 1906 : 131) 


Phobetes : 108. 
Type species, Tvyphon fuscicornis Holmgren, [1854] 
As Phobetus [emend. pro -es], included by Thomson 188ga : 1431 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 115 
=Phobetes fuscicornis (Holmgren, [1854]) 

Roman 1917 synonymized Phobetes under Ipoctonus Foerster, 1868 nec Heine, 1860. 
If this synonymy is followed, then [poctoninus Hincks, 1944 becomes a synonym of 
Phobetes. At present, however, I regard these genera as being distinct. 


Phobocampe : 156. 

Type species, Campoplex crassiusculus Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Phobocampa [emend. pro -e], included by Thomson 1887 : 1121 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 116 

= Phobocampe crassiusculus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Phradis : 148. 

Type species, Thersilochus [emend. pro Ter-}, (Phradis) brevis Brischke, 1880 
Included by Brischke 1880 : 195 (Monobasic) 

=Phradis brevis (Brischke, 1880) 


Phrudus : 1096. 
Type species, Phrudus monilicornis Bridgman, 1886 
Included by Dalla Torre 1go1 : 329 (Monobasic) 
Phrudus Bridgman, 1886 : 361 was described as a new genus ; hence this cannot be 
taken as Phrudus Foerster, 1868. Thomson 1888 places monilicornis Bridgman in 


Phrudus Bridgman. The first inclusion of monilicornis in Phrudus Foerster, 1868 is 
by Dalla Torre. 


Phthorima : 162. 

Type species, Bassus compressus Desvignes, 1856 

As Phthorimus [emend. pro -a], included by Thomson 1890 : 1474 (Monobasic) 
= Phthorima compressa (Desvignes, 1856) 


Phyrtus : 181. 
Type species, Pezomachus hemipterus (Fabricius) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
As Hemiteles hemipterus, included and designated by Ashmead 19000 : 27 (Monobasic) 
=Theroscopus Foerster, 1850 syn. n. 
=Theroscopus hemipterus (Fabricius, 1793) 
Townes 1944 considered this a synonym of Eviplanus Foerster. 


446 Jj. F. PERKINS 


Phyzelus : 185. 

Type species, Phyzelus fasciatus Brischke, 1888 
Included by Brischke 1888 : 105 (Monobasic) 
=Phyzelus flagitator (Rossi, 1794) syn. n. 


Picroscopus : 195. 

Type species, Tryphon ictericus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 1883 : 888 (Monobasic) 
=Exenterus Hartig, 1837 (Mason 1951) 
=Exenterus ictericus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Picrostigeus : 159. 

Type species, Orthocentrus (Picrostigeus) setiger Brischke, 1871 
Included by Thomson 1808 : 2432 (Three species) 

Designated by Viereck Ig912a : 176 

=Picrostigeus setiger (Brischke, 1871) 


Plesignathus : 183. 

Type species, Phygadeuon fulvescens Cresson, 1878 

As Plesiognathus {lapsus pro Plesign-] flavescens [lapsus pro fulv-], included by Ash- 
mead in Smith 1900a : 568 (Monobasic) 

=Polytribax Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Polytribax fulvescens (Cresson, 1878) 


Smith’s Insects of New Jersey has the preface dated March 1900; Ashmead’s paper 
in Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 23 : 29, where the type of Plesignathus is given as Phygadeuon 
cephalotes Gravenhorst was published on 13th October. I have therefore, taken it as 
probable that Smith’s book appeared earlier than the Ashmead paper. 


Plesiomma : 176 nec Macquart, 1838. 


Plesiophthalmus : 170 nec Motschoulsky, [1858]. 

Type species, Mesochorus alarius Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Brischke 1880 : 183 (Monobasic) 

syn. Mater Schulz 1911, Ophthalmochorus Roman, 1925 (n.n.) 
=Cidaphus Foerster, 1868 (Viereck 1911) 

=Cidaphus alarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Polyaulon : 171. 
Type species, Polyaulon incertus Foerster, 1871 
Included by Foerster 1871 : 100 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 120 
Thaumatotypidea Viereck, 1912 is probably based on the female of Polyaulon. 


Polycinetis : 108. 

Type species, Notopygus resplendens Holmgren, [1855] 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 458 (Monobasic) 

= Xenoschesis (Polycinetis) Foerster (Townes 1945) 

= Xenoschesis (Polycinetis) resblendens (Holmgren, [1855]) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 447 


Polyclistus : 161. 

Type species, Ichnewmon femoralis Fourcroy, 1762 
Included by Thomson 1887a : 218 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1912a : 176 

=Hypsicera Latreille, 1829 (Viereck 1912) 

=H ypsicera femoralis (Fourcroy, 1762) 


Polyoncus : 197. 

Type species, Tryphon erythrocephalus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 1883 : 913 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 120 

=Perilissus Holmgren, [1855] (Townes 1945) 
=Perilissus erythrocephalus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Polypystis : 208. 

Type species, Tvyphon lateralis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Roman 1909 : 315 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 121 

=Polypystis lateralis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Polyrhembia : 189. 

Type species, Hemiteles tenebricosus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included and designated by Foerster 1876 : 43 (Many species) 
= Stilpnus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Townes 1944) 

=Stilpnus tenebricosus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Polyrhysia : 204. 

Type species, Tryphon tenuicornis Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Polyrhysius [emend. pro -1a], included by Thomson 1894 : 1999 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 121 

=Synoecetes Foerster, 1868 (Townes & Townes 1949) 

==Synoecetes tenuicornis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Polyterus : 209. 

Type species, Polyterus franconiaensis Davis, 1898 
Included by Davis 1898 : 289 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 121 


Polytrera : 202. 

Type species, Mesoleius (Barytarbus [emend. pro -es]) laeviusculus Thomson, 1883 

As Mesoleius (Polytreres [emend. pro -a]), included by Thomson 1892a : 1873 (Two 
species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 121 

=Barytarbes Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Barytarbes laeviusculus (Thomson, 1883) 


Polytribax : 183. 

Type species, Phygadeuon (Polytribax) pallescens Viereck, 1911 
Included by Viereck 1911 : 406 (Monobasic) 

=Polytribax pallescens (Viereck, 1911) 


ENTOM. 11, 8 26 


448 J. F. PERKINS 


Probles : 147. 
Type species, Probles melanarius Szépligeti, 1899 
Included by Szépligeti 1899 : 219, 236 (Monobasic) 


Procinetus : 167. 

Type species, Lissonota decimator Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 423 (Monobasic) 
=Procinetus decimator (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Proclitus : 172. 

Type species, Proclitus grandis Foerster, 1871 
Included by Foerster 1871 : 116 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 123 

=Prochtus praetor (Haliday, 1839) (Morley 1915) 


Proedrus : 147. 

Type species, Hemiteles luteolator Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 1889 : 1360 (Monobasic) 
=Orthopelma Taschenberg, 1865 

=Orthopelma mediator (Thunberg, 1822) (Roman 1912) 


Promethes : 162. 

Type species, Bassus sulcator Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 441 (Monobasic) 
=Promethes sulcator (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Prosmorus : 108. 

Type species, Notopygus resplendens Holmgren, [1855] 

Included by Thomson 1895 : 1983 (Monobasic) 

= Xenoschesis (Polycinetis) Foerster, 1868 (Schmiedeknecht 1913) 
= Xenoschesis (Polycinetis) resplendens (Holmgren, [1855]) 


Protarchus : 201. 

Type species, Tvyphon rufus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 460 (Monobasic) 
=Protarchus testatorius (Thunberg, 1822) (Roman 1912) 


Psilosage : 203. 
Type species, Tryphon ephippium Holmgren, [1855] 
As Tryphon (Psilosarge [sic]) ephippium, included by Morley 1911 : 178 (Monobasic) 
=Psilosage ephippium (Holmgren) [1955] 

Townes & Townes 1950 regard this as a synonym of Tryphon (Tryphon) Fallén, 
1813. 


Pterocormus 1850 : 71 n.n. for Brachypterus Gravenhorst, 1829 nec Kugelann, 1794. 
Type species, Ichneumon (Brachypterus) means Gravenhorst, 1829 
=Ichneumon latrator (Fabricius, 1781) 

Since Pteyocormus was a new name for Brachypterus, it must have the same type 
species as the monobasic genus Brachypterus. 


ON THE: TYPE SPECIES: OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 449 


Rhadina : 170 nec Billberg, 1828. 

Type species, Xylonomus ater Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included and designated by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 443 (Monobasic) 
syn. Rhadinopimpla Schulz, 1911 (n.n.) 

=Xorides Latreille, 1809 (Rohwer 1920) 

= Xorides ater (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Rhadinocera : 177. 

Type species, Hemiteles (Rhadinocera) algonquinus Viereck, 1917 
Included by Viereck 1917 : 340 (Monobasic) 

= Acrolyta Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 

=Acrolyta nigricapitata (Cook & Davis, 1891) (Townes 1944) 


Rhadiurgus : 177 nec Loew, 1849. 

Type species, Hemiteles bicolorinus Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Hemiteles (Rhadiurgus) bicolorinus, included by Uchida, June 1933: 153, 158 
(Monobasic) 

=Gelis Thunberg, 1827 (s.].) syn. n. 

=Gelis cinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Roman 1932) comb. n. 


I included this in Gelis in the wide sense, much as used by Townes. Gelis is distin- 
guished in this case by the long mandible which has the anterior and posterior margins 
rounded and the base sharply and deeply impressed, and also having the transverse 
groove of the pronotum uninterrupted centrally. No doubt this broad group will 
later be divided into a number of segregates. 


Rhaestes : 108. 

Type species, Grypocentrus rufipes Holmgren, [1855] 

As Rhaestus [emend. pro -es], included by Thomson 1883 : 924 (Monobasic) 
= Rhaestes rufipes (Holmgren, [1855]) 


Rhembobius : 184. 

Type species, Phygadeuon quadrispinus Gravenhorst, 1829 

As quadrispinosus, included and designated by Ashmead 19000 : 30 (Monobasic) 
=Rhembobius quadrispinus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Rhexidermus : 192. 
Type species, Rhexidermus japonicus Ashmead, 1906 
Included by Ashmead 1906 : 171 (Monobasic) 


Rhexineura : 156. 


Rhigelus : 208. 

Type species, Tvematopygus kriechbaumert Thomson, 1895 (By present designation) 
=Trematopygus Holmgren, [1855] syn. n. 

=Trematopygus melanocerus (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Roman 1925) 


450 J. F. PERKINS 


Rhimphalea : 202 nec Lederer, 1863. 

Type species, Rhimphalea brevicorpa Davis, 1897 
Included by Davis 1897 : 274 (Monobasic) 
=Exetastes Gravenhorst, 1829 (Cushman 1937) 
=Exetastes bioculatus Cresson, 1872 (Cushman 1937) 


Rhimphoctona : 153. 
Type species, Pyracmon fulvipes Holmgren, [1858] 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 437 (Monobasic) 
=Pyvacmon Holmgren, [1858] (Szépligeti 1911) 
=Pyracmon grandis (Boyer de Fonscoulombe, 1852) comb. nov. 
syn. Rhimphoctona grandis (Boyer de Fonscoulombe) Seyrig, 1932 

Tschek 1871 : 63 gives a description of a female Pyracmon that he believed to be 
that of P. fulvipes, described from the male. He concluded by saying that this 
female can hardly be other than belonging to Foerster’s genus Rhimphoctona ; 
further, if the female was distinct then he proposed the name Rhimphoctona rufipes 
for it. This is not a definite placement of fulvipes in Rhimphoctona, and his own name 
rufipes is invalid. 


Rhinotorus : 211. 

Type species, Spudaea longicornis Schmiedeknecht, 1914 (By present designation) 

syn. Spudaea Foerster, 1868 nec Snellen, 1867, Prospudaea Hincks, 1944 (n.n.) 
syn. nov. 

=Rhinotorus longicornis (Schmiedeknecht, 1914) comb. n. 


Rhorus : 195. 

Type species, Tvyphon mesoxanthus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 455 (Monobasic) 

= Rhorus mesoxanthus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Rhythmonotus : 151. (In the index, p. 220, given as Rhytm-) 
Type species, Rhytmonotus [emend. pro Rhyth-] singularis Schmiedeknecht. 1909 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1909 : 1617 (Monobasic) 
=Casinaria Holmgren, [1858] (Meyer 1935) 
=Casinaria singularis(Schmiedeknecht, 1909) 

Ashmead in Smith 1g00a quotes R. bilineatus Ashmead ; this however, is a nomen 
nudum. 


Saotis : 210. 

Type species, Mesoleius (Saotus [emend. pro -ts]) brevispina Thomson, 1883 
Included by Thomson 1883 : 934 (Five species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 130 

=Saotis brevispina (Thomson, 1883) 


Sarcorychus : 212. 

Type species, Tvyphon notatus Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present designation) 
= Synodites Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Synodites notatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 451 


Roman 1936 regarded Synodites as inseparable from Syndipnus Foerster, 1868, but 
this section of the Euryproctini requires much further study. 


Sathropterus : 147. 

Type species, Thersilochus [emend. pro Ter-] pumilus Holmgren, [1858] 
Included by Szépligeti 1905 : 55 (Monobasic) 

=Sathropterus pumilus (Holmgren, [1858]) 


Schenkia : 184. 

Type species, Cryptus graminicola Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included and designated by Ashmead 19000 : 30 (Monobasic) 

=Schenkia graminicola (Gravenhorst, 1829) (syn. Cryptus brevicornis Gravenhorst, 
1829 according to first revisor) 


Schizopoma : 145 n.n. for Schizoloma Wesmael, 1849. 
Type species, Ichnewmon amictus Fabricius, 1775 
=Schizoloma Wesmael, 1849 

=Schizoloma amicta (Fabricius, 1775) 


Scinacopus : 185. 

Type species, Phygadeuon cnemargus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Brischke 1891 : 69 (Monobasic) 

=Endasys Foerster, 1868 (Habermehl 1912) 

=Endasys parviventris var. cnemargus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Scoparches : 211. 

Type species, Tvyphon bicolor Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present designation) 
= Scopesis Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Scopesis bicolor (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Scopesis : 209. 

Type species, Mesoleius guttiger Holmgren, [1855] 

As Scopesus [emend. pro -is], included by Thomson 18944 : 2030 (Many species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 132 

=Scopesis bicolor (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Scopiorus : 196. 

Type species, Polyblastus marginatus Holmgren, [1855] 

Included by Thomson 1883 : 903 (Four species) 

Designated by Viereck rg14 : 132 

=Ctenochiva Foerster, 1855 (Townes & Townes 1949) 

=Ctenochiva arcuatus var. marginatus (Holmgren, [1855]) (Schmiedeknecht 1912) 


Semnophrys : 158. 
Type species, Exetastes notatus Holmgren, [1858] (By present designation) (From 
description) 
=Exetastes Gravenhorst 1829 syn. n. 
Schmiedeknecht rg10 : 1879 included this as a doubtful synonym of Rhyncho- 
banchus Kriechbaumer, 1894. 


452 jf; FE. “PERKINS 


Sichelia : 169. 

Type species, Xylonomus filiformis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 443 (Monobasic) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 133 

=Xorides Latreille, 1809 (Rohwer 1920) 

=Xorides filiformis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Sinophorus : 153. 

Type species, Limneria (Sinophorus) canarsiae Ashmead, 1898 
Included by Ashmead 1898 : 126 (Monobasic) 

=Campoplex Gravenhorst, 1829 (Viereck 1921) 

=Campoplex validus (Cresson, 1864) 


Sobas : 187 nec Pascoe, 1863. 

Type species, Cryptus cinctorius (Fabricius) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included and designated by Schmiedeknecht 1890 : 113 (Monobasic) 
=Apsilops Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 

=Apsilops cinctorius (Fabricius, 1775) 


Spanotecnus : 197. 

Type species, Ichneumon filicornis Gravenhorst, 1820 
Included by Thomson 1883 : g11 (Four species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 135 

=Perilissus Holmgren, [1855] 

=Perilissus filicornis (Gravenhorst, 1820) 


Spinolia : 173 nec Dahlbom, 1854. 

Type species, Hemiteles maculipennis Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included by Schmiedeknecht 1897 : 104 (Monobasic) 

=Chirotica Foerster, 1868 syn. n. (syn. Deuterospinolia Dalla Torre, 1go2 (n.n.)) 
=Chirotica maculipennis (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. 


Spudaea : 211 nec Snellen, 1867. 

Type species, Tvyphon leucostomus Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Mesoleius (Spudaeus [emend. pro -a]) leucostomus, included by Thomson 1883 : 932 
(Three species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 136 

= Rhinotorus Foerster, 1868 syn. n. (syn. Prospudaea Hincks, 1944 (n.n.)) 

=khinotorus leucostomus (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. 


Spudastica : 155. 
Type species, Spudastica petiolaris Thomson, 1887 
Included by Thomson 1887 : 1123 (Monobasic) 
=Spudastica kriechbaumeri (Bridgman, 1882) 
Szépligeti 1911 placed this species as a synonym of Limneria rostralis Brischke, 
1880, but the original description disagrees radically with this interpretation. 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 453 


Steganops : 175. 
Type species, Cryptus claviger Taschenberg, 1865 
Included and designated by Viereck 1914 : 136 (Monobasic) 
=Bathythrix Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 
=Bathythrix claviger (Taschenberg, 1865) 
Steganops was given as a synonym of Leptocryptus Thomson by Roman 1909 : 236 
but with no included species. 


Stenomacrus : 160. 

Type species, Ovthocentrus silvaticus Holmgren, [1856] 

As a synonym of S. femoralis (Holmgren), included by Thomson 1808 : 2445 (Many 
species) 

Designated by Viereck 1912a : 177. 

=Stenomacrus femoralis (Holmgren, [1856]) 


Stenoschema : 220. 
This name is a nomen nudum, occurring only in the index where Foerster states 


that it belongs to the Phygadeuontoidae. 


Sterotrichus : 169. 

Type species, Xylonomus pilicornis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Brischke 1880 : 127 (Monobasic) 

= Xorides Latreille, 1809 (Rohwer 1920) 

=Xondes fuligator (Thunberg, 1822) (Roman 1912) 


Stibeutes 1850 : 76. 

Type species, Stibeutes gravenhorstit Foerster, 1850 
Included by Foerster 1850 : 77 (Three species) 
Designated by Ashmead 19000 : 27 

= Phygadeuon Gravenhorst, 1829 (Thomson 1884) 
=Phygadeuon gravenhorstii (Foerster, 1850) 


Stiboscopus : 182. 

Type species, Stiboscopus thoracicus Ashmead, 1900 
Included by Ashmead 1900 : 267 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck Ig1Ia : 193 


Stilbops : 163. 

Type species, Pimpla vetula Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 18884 : 530 (Two species) 
As veluta, designated by Ashmead 19000 : 55 

=Sitilbops vetula (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Stiphrosomus : 198 nec Fieber, 1858. 
Type species, Mesoleptus fuscicornis (Gmelin) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 1895 : 1973 (Six species and one synonym) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 139 
=Tvapezocora Foerster, 1868 syn. n. (syn. Eustiphrosomus Hincks, 1944 (n.n.)) 
=Trapezocora fuscicornis (Gmelin, 1790) comb. n. 
Townes 1945 synonymized this segregate with Pion Schiadte, 1838. 


454 J. F. PERKINS 


Strepsimallus : 176. 
Type species, Stvepsimallus bicinctus Ashmead, 1905 
Included by Ashmead 1905@ : 115 (Monobasic) 


Stygera : 176. 
Type species, Stygera rufipes Perkins 1962 
=Cremnodes Foerster, 1850 syn. n. (syn. Caenomeris Foerster, 1868) syn. n. 
=Cremnodes rufipes (Perkins 1962) comb. n. 

If Caenomerts is considered distinct from Cremnodes, then Stygera is considered a 
synonym of Caenomeris. 


Sychnoleter : 197. 

Type species, Mesoleptus geniculosus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included and designated by Thomson 188g9a : 1430 (Monobasic) 
=Sychnoleter geniculosus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Sycnoportus : 208. (In the index, p. 220, given as Sychnoporthus) 
Type species, Sychnoportus rufopectus Ashmead, 1898 

Included by Ashmead 1898a : 169 (Monobasic) 

=Polyterus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 

=Polyterus olympiae (Ashmead, 1896) (Townes 1945) 


Symboethus : 204. 

Type species, Tvyphon exclamationis Gravenhorst, 1829 

As Tryphon (Symboethus), included by Morley 1911 : 178 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 140 

=Tryphon (Symboethus) Foerster, 1868 (Morley 1911) 

=Tryphon (Symboethus) exclamationis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Sympherta : 196. 
Type species, Tvyphon burrus Cresson, 1868 
Included by Davis 1897 : 252 (Monobasic) 
= Pion Schisdte, 1838 (Townes 1945) 
= Pion burrus (Cresson, 1868) 
Viereck 1914 : 140 gives “‘ Two species ’’, but the second is included as Sympherta ? 
and is therefore not available for type selection. 
The status of the genera placed under Pion in the North American Catalogues 
requires reinvestigation. 


Symphobus : 199. 
Type species, Tryphon pleuralis Cresson, 1864 
Included by Davis 1898 : 323 (Monobasic) 
= Perilissus Holmgren, [1855] (Townes 1945, Burks 1952) 
=Perilissus pleuralis (Cresson, 1864) 
Perilissus may well be divided into a number of segregates. Townes 1939 placed 
Symphobus as a synonym of Oetophorus Foerster, 1868. 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 455 


Symphylus 1871 : 105 nec Dallas, 1851. 

Type species, Symphylus hadrodactylus Foerster, 1871 

Included and designated by Foerster 1871 : 105 (Two species) 

=Acrodactyla Haliday, 1839 (Morley 1908) (syn. Polemophthorus Schulz 1911 (n.n.)) 
= Acrodactyla degener Haliday, 1839 syn. n. 


Symplecis : 151. 

Type species, Symplects alpicola Foerster, 1871 
Included by Foerster 1871 : 119 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck Ig14 : 140 


Sympratis : 146. 

Type species, Anomalon ferrugineus Norton, 1863 

As Erigorgus (Sympratis), included by Viereck 1917 : 285 (Monobasic) 
= Evrigorgus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 

=Ernigorgus ferrugineus (Norton, 1863) 


Synaema : 201. 

Type species, Adelognathus brevicornis Holmgren, [1855] 

As Synenema [lapsus pro Synaema], a synonym of Adelognathus, included by Szépli- 
geti IgII : 50 (Many species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 141 

= Adelognathus Holmgren, [1855] (Szépligeti 1911) 


Synagrypnus : 203. 
Type species, Synagrypnus blancoburgensis Schmiedeknecht, 1914 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1914 : 2806 (Monobasic) 

Meyer 1936 has synonymized this genus with Hodostates Foerster, 1868. 


Syndipnus : 209. 

Type species, Euryproctus (Syndipnus) macrocerus Thomson, 1883 
Included by Thomson 1883 : 928 (Many species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 141 

=Syndipnus macrocerus (Thomson, 1883) 


Syneches : 173 nec Walker, 1852. 
Type species, Hemiteles ? thyridopteryx Riley 1869 
As thyridopterigis, included by Ashmead in Smith 19004 : 569 
= Hymenosyneches Viereck, 1912 (n.n.) 
= Hymenosyneches thyridopteryx (Riley, 1869) 
Townes 1944 regards this as being congeneric with Diaglypta Foerster (= Phobetes 
Foerster Townes nec Foerster). 


Synetaeris : 155. 
Type species, Synetaeris heteropus Thomson, 1887 
Included by Thomson 1887 : 1115 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 141 
Habermehl 1922 has synonymized this species with S. carbonella Thomson, 1887 
but this requires confirmation. 


456 J. F. PERKINS 


Synodites : 211. 
Type species, Tryphon assimilis Holmgren, [1856] 
As Synodytes [emend. pro -dites], included by Thomson 1894 : 2002 (Five species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 141 
=Synodites notatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Pfankuch 1907) 

Brischke 1892 : 37 quotes Perilissus nigropunctatus Brischke as possibly belonging 
to this genus [as Synoditis lapsus pro -tes]. 


Synoecetes : 203. 

Type species, Mesoleptus sedulus Cresson, 1868 
Included by Davis 1897 : 279 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 142 

=Synoecetes festivus (Cresson, 1864) (Townes 1945) 


Synomelix : 206. 

Type species, Synomelix sieboldit Kriechbaumer, 1897 

Included by Kriechbaumer 1897a : 188 (Monobasic) 
=Synomelix albipes (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Schmiedeknecht 1973) 


Synoplus : 159. 

Type species, Synoplus brevipennis Ashmead, 1902 
Included by Ashmead 1902 : 226 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 142 

= Stenomacrus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 
=Stenomacrus brevipennis (Ashmead, 1902) 


Syntactus : 210. 

Type species, Ichneumon delusor Linnaeus, 1758 (By present designation) 
syn. Brischkea Kriechbaumer, 1897 syn. n. 

=Syntactus delusor (Linnaeus, 1758) comb. n. 


Syrphoctonus : 162. 

Type species, Bassus biguttatus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 441 (Four species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 142 

=Syrphoctonus biguttatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Syzeuctus : 167. 

Type species, Ichneumon maculatorius Fabricius, 1787 

Included and designated by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 439 (Monobasic) 
=Syzeuctus maculatorius (Fabricius, 1787) 


Tachyporthus : 210. 

Type species, Scolobates italicus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Kriechbaumer 1901 : 95 (Monobasic) 
=Aeolometis Foerster, 1868 (Viereck 1914) 

= Aeolometis italicus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


CO  ————— 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 457 


Tapinops : 160. 

Type species, Orthocentrus californicus Ashmead, 1890 
Included by Ashmead 1896a : 204 (Monobasic) 
=Orthocentrus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Townes 1945) 
=Orthocentrus pusillus (Walsh, 1873) 


Tautozelus : 212. 

Type species, Euceros egregius Holmgren, [1855] (By present designation) 
=F uceros Gravenhorst, 1829 syn. n. 

=Euceros serricornis Haliday, 1839 (Morley rgr1r) 


Teleutaea : 164. 

Type species, Glypta striata Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 431 (Monobasic) 
=Teleutaea striata (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Temelucha : 148. 
Type species, Porizon macer Cresson, 1872 (By present designation) 
Included by Ashmead in Smith 1go00@ : 584 (Four species and one nomen nudum) 
=Temelucha facilis (Cresson, 1872) (Cushman 1917 as Cremastus) 

This reference to Ashmead Ig00 seems to have been overlooked previously in 
considering the type species of Temelucha. The above selection of type should retain 
Temelucha in its recent usage. 


Terozoa : 200. 
Type species, Tevozoa quadridens Perkins, 1962 


Terpiphora : 185. 
Type species, Alegina alaskensis Ashmead, 1902 
Included and designated by Viereck 1914 : 144 (Monobasic) 
=Alegina Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 
=Alegina solitarius (Ashmead, 1902) (Cushman 1922 as Bathymetis) 
Roman 1909 : 243 tentatively places in this genus Phygadeuon liogaster Thomson ; 
he states that this species ‘‘ would’ be divided between Alegina and Terpiphora in 
Foerster’s system. 


Thaumatotypus : 172. 
Type species, Thaumatotypus femoralis Brischke, 1881 
Included by Brischke 1881 : 349 (Monobasic) 
=Gelis Thunberg, 1827 syn. n. 
=Gelis femoralis (Brischke, 1881) (syn. Pezomachus myrmecinus Thomson, 1884) 
If Gelis is divided into different genera, then Thaumatogelis Schmiedeknecht, 1933 
is a synonym of Thaumatotypus. 


Theroscopus 1850 : 92. 

Type species, Pezomachus pedestris (Fabricius) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Foerster 1850 : 102 (Many species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 145 

=Theroscopus pedestris (Fabricius, 1775) 


458 J. F. PERKINS 


This species most probably belongs to the same segregate as Hemiteles hemipterus 
(Fabricius, 1793). If this is followed, then Chamerpes and Phyrtus become synonyms 
of Theroscopus. Townes regards the two latter genera as synonyms of Eviplanus, but 
this seems to me to be a dubious placement. 

Thymaris : 151. 

Type species, Thymaris pulchricornis Brischke, 1880 

Included by Brischke 1880: 145 (Monobasic) 

=Thymaris tener (Gravenhorst, 1829) (syn. Mesoleptus tener Gravenhorst, 1829, 
Hemiteles contaminatus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Pfankuch 1906 and 1925)) 

Pfankuch synonymized the above two species of Gravenhorst with Thymaris 
pulchricornis Brischke. However, no priority was established between the two names 
and page priority has been followed. 


Thysiotorus : 181. 

See notes on Brischke species, p. 392 

Type species, Hemiteles (Physiotorus [sic]) brevipennis Brischke, 1891 
Included by Brischke 1891 : 71 (Two species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 145 

=Theroscopus Foerster, 1850 syn. n. 

=Theroscopus hemipterus (Fabricius, 1793) 


Tlemon : 209. 

Type species, Tlemon delicatus Ashmead, 1902 
Included by Ashmead 1902 : 216 (Monobasic) 
=Syndipnus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 
=Syndipnus delicatus (Ashmead, 1902) 


Tolmerus : 177 nec Loew, 1849. 


Tranosema : 157. 
Type species, Tvanosema arenicola Thomson, 1887 
Included by Thomson 1887 : 1138 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 147 

Morley 1915 has synonymized this species with Limneria robusta Woldstedt, 1876, 
but there is no justification for this synonymy. 

Szépligeti 1911 has synonymized Tvranosema Foerster Thomson with Gonotypus 
Foerster, 1868. This however, is not based on type species. 


Trapezocora : 208. 

Type species, Mesoleptus antilope Gravenhorst, 1829 (By present designation) 

syn. Atvestes Foerster, 1868, Campogenes Foerster, 1868, Stiphrosomus Foerster, 1868 
nec Fieber, 1858, Ewstiphrosomus Hincks, 1944 syn. n. 

=Tvapezocora antilope (Gravenhorst, 1829) comb. n. 


Trestis : 174. 

Type species, Thestis [sic] tricincta Ashmead, 1902 
Included by Ashmead 1902 : 187 (Monobasic) 
=Eusterinx Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1945) 

=Eusterinx trifasciata (Ashmead, 1899) (Townes 1945) 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 459 


Tricamptus : 194. 

Type species, Exenterus pratorum Woldstedt, 1872 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 454 (Monobasic) 
=Exyston Schiodte, 1839 (Mason 1951) 

=Exyston pratorum (Woldstedt, 1872) 


Trichocalymma : 1096. 
Type species, Trichocalymma bipunctatum Woldstedt, 1877 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 457 (Three species) 
Designated by Viereck 1914 : 148 
=Erromenus Holmgren, [1855] (cf. Schmiedeknecht 1912) 
=Erromenus bipunctatus (Woldstedt, 1877) 
Hellén 1944 states that this is a variety of E. analis Brischke, 1871. 


Tricholinum : 183. 
Type species, Stiboscopellus pimploides Roman, 1930 
=Tricholinum pimploides (Roman, 1930) comb. n. 
Stiboscopellus Roman, 1930 is therefore a synonym of Tricholinum Foerster, 
syn. n. 


Triclistus : 161. 

Type species, Exochus podagricus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Holmgren 1873 : 58 (Many species) 
Designated by Morley 1913 : 300 

=Triclistus podagricus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Trisacra : 174. 

Type species, Hemiteles apertus Thomson, 1884 

Roman 1925 : 14 gives Tvisacra as a synonym of Gnypetomorpha, the included species 
are therefore the same as for Gnypetomorpha. 

Designated by Townes 1944 : 210 

=Gnypetomorpha Foerster, 1868 (Roman 1925) 

=Gnypetomorpha aperta (Thomson, 1884) 


Tromatobia : 164. 
Type species, Pimpla variabilis Holmgren, [1854] 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888a : 448 
Designated by Ashmead 19000 : 57 
=Tromatobia variabilis (Holmgren, [1854]) 
In Schmiedeknecht’s key to genera (1888 : 448) two species are mentioned, later 
(p. 496) he reproduces Foerster’s manuscript key to Tvomatobia and this contains 
ten species. 


Tromera : 164. 

Type species, Pimpla pomorum Ratzeburg, 1848 

Included and designated by Schmiedeknecht 1888a : 448 (Monobasic) 
=Scambus Hartig, 1838 (Townes 1944) 

=Scambus pomorum (Ratzeburg, 1848) 


460 J. F. PERKINS 


Tromopoea : 210. 

Type species, Catoglyptus minor Holmgren, [1855] (By present designation) 
=Syntactus Foerster, 1868 (line priority) syn. n. 

=Syntactus minor (Holmgren, [1855]) comb. n. 


Fic. 4. Tvricholinum pimploides (Roman) &. 


Trophoctonus : 206. 

Type species, Tvyphon xanthostomus Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Thomson 1894 : 1999-2000 (Two species) 
Designated by Viereck Ig14 : 150 

= Pantorhaestes Foerster, 1868 (Pfankuch 1906 : 83) 
=Pantorhaestes xanthostomus (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Trychosis : 187. 
Type species, Cryptus titillator (Linnaeus) ; Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included and designated by Schmiedeknecht 1890 : 114 (Many species) 
=Trychosis ambigua (Tschek, 1870) (sec Schmiedeknecht 1904) 
The type selection by Schmiedeknecht antedates that by Viereck Ig14 : 151. 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 461 


Thomson 1874 : 590 states that Trychosis is asynonym of Goniocryptus which was 
described with included species by Thomson 1873 : 490-494; in this, Ichneumon 
titillator Linnaeus is included. Ichneumon titillator Linnaeus is a species of Cryptus 
(syn. C. recreator Fabricius) (see Roman 1931). 


Trysicampe : 207. 

Type species, Ichneumon piceator Thunberg, 1822 (By present designation) 
=Alloplasta Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

= Alloplasta piceator (Thunberg, 1822) 


Fic. 5. Tvricholinum pimploides (Roman) 9. 


Tycherus : 192. 
Type species Phaeogenes (Proscus) elongatus Thomson, 1891 (By present designation) 
= Phaeogenes Wesmael, 1844 syn. n. 
= Phaeogenes elongatus Thomson 1891 

If Proscus Holmgren, 1889 is considered a distinct genus, then it falls as a 
synonym of Tycherus. 


Udenia : 202. 

Type species, Perilissus (Udenia) herrichit Kriechbaumer, 1892 
Included by Kriechbaumer 1892 : 40 (Monobasic) 

= Perilissus Holmgren, [1855] (Schmiedeknecht 1912 : 2537) 
=Perilissus rufoniger (Gravenhorst, 1820) (Roman 1914) 


462 J. F. PERKINS 


Ulothymus : 185. 

Type species, Ichneumon perscrutator Thunberg, 1822 (By present designation) 
=Rhembobius Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Rhembobius perscrutator (Thunberg, 1822) 


Urithreptis : 180. 
Foerster’s specimen is a Gelis male, probably of the Hemiteles rugifer group, but at 
present undeterminable by me. 


Xenacis : 167. 
Type species, Lissonota caligata Gravenhorst, 1829 
As Henacis [lapsus pro Xen-], included by Brischke 1880 ; 125 (Monobasic) 
=Cryptopimpla Taschenberg, 1863 
=Cryptopimpla caligata (Gravenhorst, 1829) 

It should be noted that Viereck 1914 confused two completely distinct type 
species when he synonymized Xenacis under Cylloceria. 


Xenobrachys : 179. 
Type species, Hemuiteles longicaudatus Thomson, 1884 (By present designation) 
= Dichrogaster Doumerc, 1855 syn. n. 
= Dichrogaster longicaudatus (Thomson, 1884) comb. n. 
Roman 1925 synonymized this species with rujicollis Gravenhorst, 1829, but this is 
highly doubtful. 


Xenodocon 1855 : 186. 

Type species, Xenodocon ruficornis Foerster, 1855 
Included by Foerster 1855 : 237 (Monobasic) 
=Acroricnus Ratzeburg, 1852 

=Acroricnus stylator (Thunberg, 1822) 


Xenolytus : 174. 
Type species, Xenolytus rufipes Cameron, 1906 
Included by Cameron February 1906 : 154 (Monobasic) 
syn. Sternocryptus Roman, 1925 syn. n. 
= Xenolytus bitinctus (Gmelin, 1790) syn. n. comb. n. 
The reference given by Viereck 1914 is to a later paper which was read 27 June, 
(Cameron 19064 : 329). The paper in the Annals quoted above was received by the 
British Museum on ro April, 1906. 


Xenonastes : 208. 


Xenoschesis : 158. 

Type species, Exetastes fuluipes Gravenhorst, 1829 

Included by Jemiller 1894 : 147 (Monobasic) 

= Xenoschesis fulvipes (Gravenhorst, 1829) 

Xestophyes : 189. 

Type species, Xestophya [emend. pro -es] fallax Foerster, 1876 
Included by Foerster 1876 : 28 (Two species) 

As Xestophya, designated by Ashmead 19000 : 26. 

= Xestophyes fallax Foerster, 1876 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 463 


Xylophrurus : 169. 

Type species, Echthrus lancifer Gravenhorst, 1829, 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 442 (Monobasic) 
=Xylophrurus dispar (Thunberg, 1822) (Roman 1912) 


Zacalles : 204. 

Type species, Zacalles magnus Davis, 1898 
Included by Davis 1898 : 283 (Monobasic) 

= Protarchus Foerster, 1868 (Cushman 1924) 
= Protarchus magnus (Davis, 1898) 


Zachresta : 151. 
Type species, Zachresta insignis Woldstedt, 1877 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 436 (Monobasic) 


Zaglyptus : 166. 

Type species, Polysphincta varipes Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Woldstedt 1877 : 444 (Monobasic) 
=Zaglyptus varipes (Gravenhorst, 1829) 

Zapedias : 206. 

Zaphleges : 184. 

Type species, Phygadeuon leucostigmus Gravenhorst, 1829 


As leucostigimus [lapsus pro -stigmus], included by Ashmead 19000 : 30 (Monobasic) 
= Phygadeuon Gravenhorst, 1829 (Townes 1944) 


Zaphthora : 206. 


Zaplethis : 205. 

Type species, Ichneumon sulphuratus Gravenhorst, 1807 (By present designation) 
= Perispuda Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

=Perispuda sulphurata (Gravenhorst, 1807) 


Zaporus : 152. 

Type species, Campoplex dorsalis Gravenhorst, 1829 
Included by Schmiedeknecht 19074 : 599 (Monobasic) 
= Meloboris Holmgren, [1858] (Szépligeti 1911) 

= Meloboris dorsalis (Gravenhorst, 1829) 


Zatypota : 166. 

Type species, Ichneumon percontatoria Mueller, 1776 

Included by Schmiedeknecht 1888 : 433 (Five species) 

Designated by Viereck 1914 : 156 

=Zatypota percontatoria (Mueller, 1776) 

Zemiodes : 200. 

Type species, Mesoleptus (Zemiodes) erythropus [Foerster MS.] Kriechbaumer, 1891 
(By present designation) 

Included by Kriechbaumer 18914 : 140 (Two species) 

= Hadrodactylus Foerster, 1868 

= Hadrodactylus typhae (Fourcroy, 1785) (Kriechbaumer 18914) 


ENTOM. II, 8 27 


464 BoE. PERERINS 


Zemiophora : 203. 
Type species, Tryphon scutulatus Hartig, 1838 
As Syndipnus (Zemiophorus [emend. pro -a]) scutulatus, included by Thomson 1894 : 
2000 (Monobasic) 
=Zemiophora scutulata (Hartig, 1838) 
Townes 1945 synonymized Zemiophora under Synomelix Foerster, 1868. These 
two genera seem to me to be quite distinct. 


Zemiophron : 206. 

Type species, Mesoleius laevissimus Strobl, 1903 (syn. Alexeter rapinator Gravenhorst 
3 Schmiedeknecht, 1914 nec Gravenhorst 9 1829) (By present designation) 

= Alexeter Foerster, 1868 syn. n. 

= Alexeter laevissimus (Strobl, 1903) (comb. n.) 

Much confusion exists over the usage of the name vapinator Gravenhorst. Schmie- 
deknecht believed that the g and 9 described by Gravenhorst belonged to different 
species. Heinrich 1953 determined the type 2 of M. laevissimus Strobl from Schmie- 
deknecht’s work as vapinator Gravenhorst, and it was this species that Foerster 
placed under Zemiophron. Until a lectotype can be selected in the Gravenhorst 
collection, the usage of the name vapinator must remain in doubt. The 2 rapinator 


in the Gravenhorst collection is Lagarotis semicaligatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Pfankuch 
1906 : 86). 


Zetesima 1876 : 25. 
Type species, Zetesima rufipes Foerster, 1876 
Included and designated by Foerster 1876 : 27 (Monobasic) 


Zoophthorus : 180. 

Type species, Hemiteles (Zoophthorus) nigricaniformis Viereck, 1917 
Included by Viereck 1917 : 340 

= Mastrus Foerster, 1868 (Townes 1944) 

= Mastrus gigas (Provancher, 1886) (Townes 1944) 


Zootrephes : 162. 

Type species, Bassus (Zootrephes) hilaris Woldstedt, 1880 
Included by Woldstedt 1880 : 175 (Monobasic) 
=Zootrephes hilaris (Woldstedt, 1880) 


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 


I should particularly like to thank the following who have greatly assisted me in 
my investigations :—Dr. F. Bachmaier, Dr. Max Fischer, Dr. F. Kuhlhorn, Dr. G. 
Steinbach, Dr. H. K. Townes and Miss L. M. Walkley. In the bibliographic work, I 
am indebted to Mrs. J. A. J. Clark and Mrs. D. M. S. Perkins, who have undertaken 
much of the checking of original references and references to synonymy. 

The figures of whole insects in this paper have been drawn by Arthur Smith. 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 465 


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466 J. F. PERKINS 


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ON THE ‘TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 467 


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—— 1960. Synopsis of Nearctic Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae with particular reference to 
the north-eastern region (Hymenoptera). Part 1. Canad. Entom., 92 (Suppl. 15) : 1-87. 

HELLEN, W. 10915. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Ichneumoniden Finlands. 1. Subfamilie 

Pimplinae. Acta Soc. Fauna Flora fenn., 40 (6) : 1-89. 

1944. Zur Ichneumonidenfauna Finnlands. IV. Notul. ent., 24: 1-9. 

— 1953. Zur Kenntnis der Ichneumonidenfauna Finnlands. VIII. Jbid., 33 : 1-13. 

1958, Der Tersilochinen Finnlands. Ibid., 38 : 4-23. 

Hincxs, W. D. 1944. Notes on the nomenclature of some British parasitic Hymenoptera. 
Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond., (B) 13 : 30-39. - 

HoOL”MGREN, A. E. 1871. Ichneumonologia Suecica, 2 : 211-342, Stockholm. 


1873. Dispositiomethodica Exochorum Scandinaviae. Ofvers. VetenskAkad. Foérh. Stockh., 

30 (4) : 55-78. 

—— 1889. Ichneumonologica Suecica, 3 : 343-466, Stockholm. 

Hovueuton,C.O. 1907. [Notseen: Reference from Townes 1945 : 613.] Rept. Del. agric. Exp. 
Sta., 16, 17, 18 : 89. 

Howarp, L.O. 1897. A study in insect parasitism. Bull. U.S. Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. No. 5: 
57 PP. 

JEMILLER, J. 1894. Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der siidbayerischen Hymenopteren. 
Ber. naturw. Ver. Schwaben 31 : 95-156. 

KoKuJEv, N. 1902. Le genre Gonophonus Foerster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) et son 
type Gonophonus mokrzeckii sp. n. Rev. russe ent., 2 : 278-280. 

KRIECHBAUMER, J. 1891. Tryphoniden-Studien. Ent. Nachr., 17 : 34-46. 

1891a. Tryphoniden-Studien. [bid., 17 : 133-141. 

1891b. Tryphoniden-Studien. Jbid., 17 : 298-303. 

1892. Tryphoniden-Studien. Jbid., 18 : 40-43. 

1897. Entomologia varia. Ibid., 23 : 165-176. 

1897a. Entomologia varia. [bid., 23 : 184-192. 

1901. Weitere Bemerkungen iiber Scolobates italicus Gr. (Hym.). Z. syst. Hym. Dift., 

1 : 93-96. 

Mason, W. R. M. in MuUESEBECK, KROMBEIN & TOWNES. 1951. Hymenoptera of America 
north of Mexico, tribe Cteniscini. Agric. Monogr. No. 2 : 227-231. 

MEYER, N.F. 1935. Tables systématiques des Hyménopteéres parasites (fam. Ichneumonidae) 
de 1l’URSS et des pays limitrophes. Tabl. anal. Faune URSS, 4 (16) : 1-535. [In Russian.] 

—— 1936. Tables systématiques des Hyménoptéres parasites (fam. Ichneumonidae) de 

l’URSS et des pays limitrophes. Jbid., 5 (21) : 5-340. [in Russian] 


HITT | 


468 J. F. PERKINS 


MEYER, N. F.1936. Tables systématiques des Hyménopteres parasites (fam. Ichneumonidae) de 
l’URSS et des pays limitrophes. I[bid., 6 (22) : 3-356. [In Russian.] 

Mor.eEy, C. 1908. The Ichneumons of Great Britain 3 (Pimplinae) 328 pp. London. 

1911. The Ichneumons of Great Britain, 4 (Tryphoninae) 344 pp. London. 

1913. Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, 

1. Ichneumones deltoidei. Fauna Brit. Ind., Hym., 3 (1), 531 pp. London. 

1915. The Ichneumons of Great Britain 5 (Ophioninae) 400 pp. London. 

NEAVE, S. A. 1939-40. Nomenclator Zoologicus, 1-4, London. 

PFANKUCH, K. 1906-1907. Die Typen der Gravenhorstschen Gattungen Mesoleptus und 

Tryphon. Z. syst. Hym. Dipt., 6 : 17-32, 81-96, 217-224, 289-296; 7: 17-24, 145-155. 

1920. Aus der Ichneumonologie. 7. Fortsetzung. Zur Deutung einiger Gravenhorstscher 

Typen. Dtsch. ent. Z., 1920 : 37-48. 

1923. Ichneumonologisches (Hym.). Deutung einiger Typen Gravenhorsts. Konowia, 

2 : 93-97, 165-171. 

1925. Aus der Ichneumonologie (Hym.). Deutung Gravenhorstscher Hemiteles-Typen. 
Disch. ent. Z., 1925 : 257-278. 

RoOHWER, S. A. 1915. Descriptions of new species of Hymenoptera. Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 
49 : 205-249. 

1920. The North American Ichneumon-flies of the tribes Labenini, Rhyssini, Xoridini, 

Odontomerini and Phytodietini. Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 57 : 405-474. 

Roman, (P.) A. 1909. Ichneumoniden aus dem Sarekgebirge. Naturw. Untersuch. Sarekgeb. 
Zool., 4 (3) : 199-374. 

1g10. Notizen zur Schlupfwespensammlung des schwedischen Reichsmuseums. Ent. 

Tidskr., 31 : 109-196. 

1912. Die Ichneumoniden-typen C.P. Thunbergs. Zool. Bidr., Uppsala, 1 : 229-293. 

1914. Beitrage zur schwedischen Ichneumonidenfauna. Ark. Zool., 9, no. 2 : I-40. 

1917. Skanska Parasitsteklar. Ent. Tidskr., 38 : 260-284. 

1925. Schwedische Schlupfwespen, alte und neue. Ark. Zool., 17A (4) : I-34. 

ROMAN. 1930. See HABERMEHL, 1930. 

in Sj6stepT, Y. 1931. Insektfaunan inom Abisko Nationalpark. II, no. 4. Parasit- 

steklar—Ichneumonidae. K. svensk. FetenskAkad. Skr. Nat., 17 : 4-54. 

1932. The Linnean types of Ichneumon flies. Ent. Tidsky., 53 : 1-15. 

—— 1936. Die Ichneumoniden des nérdlichen Norwegens. Tvomsé Mus. Aarsh., 54 (4) : 3-24. 

1939. Nordische Ichneumoniden—und einige andere. Ent. Tidskr., 60 : 176-205. 

SCHMIEDEKNECHT,O. 1888. Die europdischen Gattungen der Schlupfwespenfamilie Pimplariae 
Zool. Jb. (Syst.), 3 (3) : 419-444. 

— — 1888a. Monographische Bearbeitung der Gattung Pimpla. Zool. Jb. (Syst.), 3 (4) : 445-542. 

1890. Die Gattung und Arten der Cryptinen, revidirt und tabellarisch zusammengestellt. 

Ent. Nachr., 16 : 81-88, 113-123. 

1897. Die Ichneumoniden-Gattung Hemiteles mit einer Ubersicht der europdischen Arten. 

Termeszetr. Fiiz., 20: 103-135, 501-570. 

—— 1903. Opuscula Ichneumonologica, 1 (4) : 241-320, Blankenburg. 

—— 1907. Ibid., 3 (15) : 1121-1200. 

—— 1907a. Hymenopteren Mitteleuropas, 804 pp., Jena. 

—— 1908. Opuscula Ichneumonologica, 4 (20) : 1521-1600. 

—— 1909. Ibid., 4 (21) : 1601-1680. 


1910. Ibid., 4 (24) : 1841-1920. 

1g1t. Ibid., 4 (29) : 2241-2271. 

1912. Ibid., 5 (30) : 2323-2402, (31) : 2403-2482. 

1913. Ibid., 5 (34) : 2643-2722, (35) : 2723-2802. 

1914. Ibid., 5 (36) : 2803-2822. 

Scuuiz, W. A. 1911., Zweihundert alte Hymenopteren. Zool. Ann., 4: 1-220. 

SEYRIG, A. 1928. Notes sur les Ichneumonides du Museum national d’Histoire Naturelle. 
Bull, Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 1928 : 146-153. 


= 


ON THE TYPE SPECIES OF FOERSTER’S GENERA 469 


Stosson, A. T. 1906. Additional list of insects taken in Alpine Region of Mt. Washington. 
Ent. News., 17 : 323-326. 

STRAND, E. 1916. Ubersicht der in Gistels ‘‘ Achthundert und zwanzig neue oder unbeschrie- 
bene wirbellose Thiere ”’ (1857) behandelten Insecten. Arch. Naturgesch., 82A (5) : 75-101. 

STROBL, (P.) G. 1901. Hymenopteren aus Ungarn und Siebenburgen. Gesammelt von Pro- 
fessor Gabriel Strobl und Professor Johann Thalhammer. Verh. siebenb. Ver. Naturw., 
50 : 43-79. 

SzZEPLIGETI, G. V. 1899-1900. Adatok a magyarorszagi Fiirkészé darazsak ismeretéhez I. 

Beitrage zur Kenntnis der ungarischen Ichneumoniden I. Termeszetr. Fiiz., 22 : 213-246. 

Part II, 23 : 1-38. 

in ZicHy, J. 1901. Hymenopteren. Neue oder weniger bekannte Arten. Zool. Ergebn. 

der dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise, 2 : 137-158. 

— 1905. Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae (Gruppe Ophionoidae) subfam. Pharsalinae- 

Porizontinae. Genera Insect., 34 : I-71. 

1905a. Ubersicht der palaarktischen Ichneumoniden. Ann. hist.-nat. Mus. hung., 3: 

508-540. 

1911. Hymenoptera. Fam. Ichneumonidae. Gruppe Mesochoroidae (Ophionoidae part.). 

Geneva Insect., 114 : 1-99. 

TEUNISSEN, H. G. M. 1948. Naamlijst van Inlandse Sluipwespen (Fam. Ichneumonidae I.). 
Tijdschr. Ent., 89 : 10-38. 

THomson,C.G. 1873. Forsoék till gruppering och beskrifning af Crypti. Opuscula entomoligica, 

5: 455-527. 

1874. Forsdk till gruppering ock beskrifning af Crypti (fortsattning). Ibid., 6 : 589-612. 
1877. Bidrag till kinnedom om Sveriges Pimpler. Jbid., 8 : 732-777. 
1883. Bidrag till kinnedom om Skandinaviens Tryphoner. Ibid., 9 : 873-936. 

—— 1884. Forsok till gruppering och beskrifning af Crypti (fortsattning). Jbid., 10 : 939-1028. 

1885. Notes Hyménoptérologiques. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr., (6) 5 : 17-32. 

1887. Forsdk till uppstallning och beskrifning af arterna inom slagtet Campoplex (Grav.). 

Opuscula entomologica 11 : 1043-1182. 

1887a. Hymenopterologische Beitrage. Dtsch. ent. Z., 31 : 193-218. 

1888. Ofversigt af de i Sverige funna arter af Ophion och Paniscus. Opuscula entomologica, 

12 : 1185-1201. 

1888a. Bidrag till Sveriges insectfauna. [bid., 12 : 1202-1265 (Ichneumonidae : 1218-1265). 

1888b. Fors6ék till gruppering af slagtet Plectiscus (Grav.). Ibid, 12 : 1267-1318. 

1889. Forsdk till gruppering och beskrifning af arterna inom slagtet Porizon (Grav.). 

Ibid., 13 : 1354-1400. 

1889a. Bidrag till Sveriges insectfauna. Jbid., 13 : 1401-1438. 

1890. Ofversigt af arterna inom slagtet Bassus (Fab.). Ibid., 14 : 1459-1525. 

1891. Bidrag till kinnedom af Ichneumones Pneustici. [bid., 15 : 1603-1656. 

1892. Bidrag till kinnedom om slagtet Anomalon (Grav.). Jbid., 16 : 1752-1772. 

1892a. Bidrag till kinnedom om slagtet Mesoleius. Jbid., 17 : 1865-1886. 

1894. Bidrag till kinnedom om Tryphonider. Ibid., 19 : 1972-2024. 

1894a. Bidrag till kinnedom om slagtet Mesoleius. Jbid. 19 : 2025-2079. 

—— 1897. Fors6k till gruppering af arterna inom slagtet Orthocentrus. Ibid., 22 : 2419-2450. 

Townes, H. K. 1940. A revision of the Pimplini of east North America. Ann. ent. Soc. Amer., 

33 : 283-323. 

1944-1945. A Catologue and reclassification of the Nearctic Ichneumonidae. Mem. Amer. 

ent. Soc., 11 (1) (1944) : 1-477; (2) (1945) : 479-925. 

1957. A review of the generic names proposed for old world Ichneumonids, the types of 
whose genotypes are in Japan, Formosa or North America. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash., 59: 
100-120. 

TownEs, H. K. & Townes, M.C. 1949-1950. A revision of the genera of the American species 
of Tryphonini (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Amer., 42 : 321-395 (1949) ; 


397-447 (1950). 


470 J. F. PERKINS 


Townes, H. K. & Townes, M. C. in MUESEBECK, KROMBEIN & TOWNES. 1951. Hymenoptera 
of America north of Mexico Synoptic Catalog. Family Ichneumonidae. Agric. Monogr. 
2 : 184-409. 

Townes, H. & M. 1960. Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 2. Subfamilies Ephial- 
tinae, Xoridinae, Acoenitinae. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 216 (2) i-iv, 1-676. 

TscHEK, C. 1870. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der ésterreichischen Cryptoiden. Verh. zool.-bot. 

Ges. Wien, 20 : 109-156. 

1871. Ichneumonologische Fragmente. 1. Ibid., 21 : 37-68. 

Ucuipa, T. 1930. Vierter und fuenfter Beitrage zur Ichneumoniden-fauna Japans. J. Fac. 
Agr. Hokkaido Univ., 25 : 243-347. 

—— 1933 (June). Ueber die Schmarotzerhymenopteren von Grapholitha molesta Busck in 

Japan. Insecta matsum., 7 : 153-164. 

1936 (November). Zur Ichneumonidenfauna von Tosa (II) Subfam. Cryptinae. JIbdid., 

11 : I-20. 

1936a. Erster Nachtrag zur Ichneumonidenfauna der Kurilen. (Subfam. Cryptinae und 

Pimplinae). Jbid., 11 : 39-55. 

1940. Schmarotzer von Grapholitha glycinivorella. Ibid., 14 : 63-66. 

VIERECK, H. L. t1g10. Descriptions of new species of Ichneumon flies. Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 

38 : 379-384. 

1911. New species of reared Ichneumon-flies. Jbid., 39 : 401-408. 

1911a (April 17). Descriptions of six new genera and thirty-one new species of Ichneumon 

flies. [bid., 40 : 170-196. 

1912 (January). Ophioninae—A review. Ent. News, 23 : 43-46. 

1912a. Tryphoninae—A review. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash., 14: 175-178. 

—— 1912b. Description of five new genera and twenty-six new species of Ichneumon-flies. 
Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 42 : 139-153. 

--— 1g912c. Contributions to our knowledge of bees and Ichneumon-flies, including the 

descriptions of twenty-one new genera and fifty-seven new species of Ichneumon-flies. 

Ibid., 42 : 613-648. 

1912d. Descriptions of one new family, eight new genera and thirty-three new species of 

Ichneumon-flies. Ibid., 43 : 575-593. 

1914. Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies. Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 83 : 1-186. 

1917. Guide to the Insects of Connecticut Part III. The Hymenoptera, or Wasp-like 

insects, of Connecticut. Bull. Conn. geol. nat. Hist. Surv., 22 (1916) : 1-824. 

—— 1921. First supplement to ‘“‘ Type species of the genera of Ichneumon-flies ’’. Proc. U.S. 
nat. Mus., 59 : 129-150. 

WALKLEy, L. M. 1956. A new Tersilochine parasite of the rose curculio (Hymenoptera : 
Ichneumonidae). Ent. News, 67 : 153-156. 

—-— in KRoMBEIN et al. 1958. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico Synoptic Catalog. 
Agric. Monogr., 2 Suppl. : 36-62. 

Wo.pstTeEpT, F. W. 1877. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der um St. Petersburg vorkommenden 
Ichneumoniden. Bull. Acad. Sci. St-Pétersb., 23 : 432-460. 

—— 1880. Zwei neue russische Schlupfwespen. Stettin. ent. Zig., 41 : 174-175. 

—— 1881. Fundorte russischer Ichneumoniden. Horae Soc. ent. ross., 16 : 58-64. 


INDEX 


The generic names printed in bold type and arranged alphabetically on pp. 401-464 
are not included in the index. All species names are included, but where the species 
was first placed in a subgenus, only the subgeneric name is appended. Synonyms 
and mis-spellings are given in italics. The authority for first synonymy of genera 
and species is given in the text except where this had already been included in 


Dalla Torre 1901-2. 


abbreviator (Agrothereutes), 402 
abbreviator (Pezomachus), 402 


abdominale (Aphanoroptrum), 405, 406 
abdominalis (Aphanoroptrum), 388 


Absyrtus, 420 
Acanthocryptus, 392 
Acanthostroblia, 431 
aclerivora (Camposcopus), 412 
aclerivora (Erigorgus), 412 
Acroblapticus, 434 
Acrodactyla, 455 

Acrolyta, 449 

Acroricnus, 462 

Acrotomus, 416 
Adelognathus, 439, 455 
Adranes, 393 

Aelometis, 387, 388 
Aecolometis, 387, 388, 456 
aestivalis (Dichrogaster), 411 
aestivalis (Hemiteles), 411 
affinis (Euryproctus), 427 
afflictor (Medophron), 436 
afflictor (Phygadeuon), 391 
alacer (Anisoctenion), 405 
alarius (Cidaphus), 414, 446 
alarius (Mesochorus), 446 
alaskensis (Algina), 403, 457 
alaskensis (Philonygus), 444 
albator (Helcostizus), 426 
albicincta (Isotima), 432 
albipalpus (Aperileptus), 405 
albipalpus (Plectiscus), 405 
albipes (Synomelix), 456 
albitarsis (Cryptus), 433 
albitarsis (Ischnus), 433 


albopictus (Hypamblys), 406, 429 


albopictus (Tryphon), 406 

Alcochera, 393 

Alegina, 409, 411, 444, 457 

aletia (Acrolyta), 432 

Alexeter, 464 

algonquinus (Rhadinocera), 449 

Alloplasta, 461 

alpicola (Symplecis), 455 
ENTOM, 11, 8 


alpigena (Acanthostroblia), 431 
alpigena (Stroblia), 441 
alpigenus (Catomicrus), 431 
alpigenus (Ischyracis), 431 
ambigua (Trychosis), 460 
americana (Adiastola), 401 
americanus (Cryptus), 432, 433 
americanus (Ichyracis), 432 
americanus (Ischyracis), 432 
americanus (Mastrus), 401 
americanus (Stenomacrus), 416 
Amersibia, 393 

amicta (Schizoloma), 451 
amictus (Ichneumon), 451 
analis (Bassus), 430 

analis (Endasys), 420 

analis (Erromenus), 459 

analis (Idiolispa), 430 

analis (Stylocryptus), 420 
anatorius (Chaeretymma), 413 
anatorius (Cryptus), 413 
angularia (Adexioma), 401 
angularius (Lamachus), 401 
Anilasta, 388, 405 

Anitlastus, 388 

Anisotacrus, 421 

annellata (Callidora), 411 
annulatus (Mesoleptus), 388 
annulicornis (Lymeon), 436 
annulicornis (Phygadeuon), 440 
anomalus (Phaestus), 444 
antilope (Mesoleptus), 458 
antilope (Trapezocora), 412, 458 
antilope (Tryphon), 412 
Apechthis, 388 

A pechtis, 388 


aperta (Gnypetomorpha), 425, 459 


apertus (Hemiteles), 425, 459 
Aphanoroptra, 388 
Aphanoroptrum, 388 

apicalis (Mnesidaecus), 437 
Apsilops, 416, 426, 452 
Aptesis, 444 

aquisgranensis (Miomeris), 437 


472 


avator (Ichneumon), 444 
arator (Phaenolobus), 444 


arcuatus var. marginatus (Ctenochira), 451 


ardeicollis (Eriplatys), 405, 423, 
ardeicollis (Herpestomus), 405, 423 
arenicola (Tranosema), 458 
areolatum (Ctenopelma), 418 
aveolatus (Diedrus), 418 

argeae (Mastrus), 436 

armatus (Echthrus), 443 
armatus (Mastrus), 443 
armatus (Oxytorus), 442 
arrogans (Cryptus), 438 
arrogans (Polytribax), 438 


articulatus (Polyblastus (Labroctonus)), 433 


articulatus (Tryphon), 433 
Aselasma, 393 

Asinamora, 393 

assimtlis (Tryphon), 456 
Asthenara, 388 

Asthenarus, 388 
Astiphromma, 388 
Astiphrommus, 388 
Astomaspis, 402 

ater (Cryptus), 413 

ater (Xorides), 449 

ater (Xylonomus), 449 
Atractodes, 408 

Atrestes, 458 

atricapillus (Cremnodes), 415 
atricapillus (Ichneumon), 415 
atriceps (Otacustes), 441 
augusta (Nyxeophilus), 439 
auscultator (Periope), 440 
Azelus, 421 


Bachia, 390 

Bachiana, 409 

Banchus, 414 

Barylypa, 434 

Barytarbes, 388, 432, 447 
Barytarbus, 388 

basilicus (Camponastes), 412 
basilicus (Polyterus), 412 
Bassus, 386, 387 

Bathymetis, 390, 457 
Bathythrix, 424, 431, 442, 453 
bavaricus (Peritaenius), 443 
bellicosum (Anomalon), 405 
bellicosus (Aphanistes), 405 
betulaecola (Aenoplex), 402 
bicapillaris (Homotropus), 389 
bicinctus (Strepsimallus), 454 


INDEX 


bicolor (Scopesis), 451 


bicolor (Tryphon), 451 


bicolorinus (Hemiteles), 449 
bicolorinus (Rhadiurgus), 449 
bicornis Boie (Glypta), 418 
bicornis Desv. (Glypta), 418 
bicornis (Pimpla), 418 

bicornis (Syzeuctus), 418 
biguttatus (Bassus), 386, 456 
biguttatus (Homotropus), 388, 389 
biguttatus (Syrphoctonus), 456 
bilineatus (Rhythmonotus), 450 
bimaculata (Labrossyta), 408 
bimaculatus (Cryptus), 439 
bimaculatus Grav. (Nyxeophilus), 439 
bimaculatus Thoms. (Nyxeophilus), 439 
Bioblapsis, 386 

bioculatus (Exetastes), 450 
bipunctator (Hemiteles), 439 
bipunctatum (Trichocalymma), 459 
bipunctatus (Erromenus), 459 
bisannulata (Himerta), 427 
bisannulatus (Himertus), 427 
bisinuata (Ctenochira), 415 
bitinctus (Xenolytus), 462 
bizonarius (Bassus), 386 
blancoburgensis (Synagrypnus), 455 
Blaptocampus, 433 

bohemani (Notosemus), 392, 439 
bohemani (Oneista), 440 

borealis (Phthorima), 424 
brachyacanthus (Coeloconus), 414 
brachyacanthus (Ichneumon), 414 
brachycentrus (Cryptus), 426 
Brachycranium, 411 

Brachypterus, 448 

brevicornis (Adelognathus), 455 
brevicornis (Cryptus), 451 
brevicornis (Eucremastus), 423 
brevicornis (Phygadeuon), 420 
brevicornis (Pimpla), 421 
brevicornis (Scambus), 421 
brevicorpa (Rhimphalea), 450 
brevipennis (Physiotorus), 392, 448 
brevipennis (Stenomacrus), 456 
brevipennis (Synoplus), 456 
brevis (Hodostates), 427 

brevis (Hodostatus), 427 

brevis (Phradis), 392, 445 
brevispina (Saotis), 450 
brevispina (Saotus), 390, 450 
Brischkea, 456 

brischkei (Glypta), 428 

bsrichkei (Hoplitophrys), 428 


INDEX 473 


brunneus (Hemiteles), 390 
buccatus (Hypamblys), 435 
buccatus (Mesoleius), 435 
burrus (Pion), 454 

burrus (Tryphon), 454 


Caenomeris, 397, 454 

californicus (Orthocentrus), 457 
caligata (Cryptopimpla), 462 
caligata (Lissonota), 462 
caliginosus (Demopheles), 416 
caliginosus (Phygadeuon), 416 
caliroae (Esigna), 425 

calivoae (Gnesia), 425 

calivoae (Homalomma), 427 
caliroae (Hyperallus), 424, 429 
caliroae (Lathrolestes), 427 
Camerotops, 412 

Campogenes, 458 

campoplegoides (Diaschisaspis), 418 
Campoplex, 440, 444, 452 
Camporychus, 393 

canadensis (Phobetes), 435 
canadensis (Polyterus), 435 
canarsiae (Sinophorus), 452 
canescens (Exidechthis), 430 
Canidia, 410 

carbonator (Cryptus), 441 
carbonator (Oxyrrhexis), 441 
carbonella (Synetaeris), 455 
carinatum (Evigorgus?), 422 
cariniscutis (Deloglyptus), 435 
cariniscutis (Leptodemas), 435 
carnifex (Cryptus), 407 

Casinaria, 402, 404, 412, 413, 428, 450 
catenatoy (Ichneumon), 404, 410 
catenator (Lampronota), 410, 411 
Cecidonomus, 443 

cephalotes (Phygadeuon), 446 
ceratites (Glypta), 415 
ceylonensis (Haplaspis), 397 
Chamaezelus, 392 

Chamerpes, 392, 458 

Charitopes, 390 

Chirotica, 403, 414, 417, 452 
chrysopae (Charitopes), 390, 413 
chrysopae (Rhadiurgus), 437 
chrysopae ssp. of crassus (Dichrogaster), 441 
chrysostomus (Ipoctoninus), 431 
chrysostomus (Mesoleptus), 431 
Cidaphus, 446 

cinctiventris (Colpotrochia?), 428 
cinctiventris (Xenoschesis), 428 
cinctorius (Apsilops), 416, 426, 452 


cinctorius (Cryptus), 452 
cinctorius (Ichneumon), 416, 426 
cinctus (Bassus), 386 
cinctus (Gelis), 449 
cingulator (Hemiteles), 439 
claviger (Bathythrix), 431, 442, 453 
claviger (Cryptus), 431, 442, 453 
claviventris (Barycnemis), 409 
claviventris (Porizon), 409 
clypearis (Lathroplex), 435 
clypearis (Spudaea), 390 
clypeatus (Lathrolestes), 435 
clypeatus (Tryphon), 435 
cnemargus (Phygadeuon), 451 
cnemargus var. of parviventris (Endasys), 
451 
Coelocryptus, 415 
collector (Nepiera), 438 
Colocnema, 388 
colon (Barytarbes), 409 
colon (Barytarbus), 409 
colon (Tryphon), 409 
Colpotrochia, 402 
columbianus (Hypoleptus), 429 
columbianus (Stenomacrus), 429 
compressa (Phthorima), 386, 435 
compressus (Bassus), 445 
concinna (Limneria), 438 
confederatae (Allocota), 403 
confederatae (Chirotica), 403 
congruen (Cryptus), 425 
congruens (Cryptus), 425 
contaminatus (Hemiteles), 458 
cothurnata (Limneria), 427 
cothurnatus (Holocremnus), 427 
cothurnatus (Hoplismenus), 430 
cothurnatus (Poecilostictus), 430 
coxator (Cryptus), 406 
coxator (Mesoleptus), 411 
crassicornis (Campoplex), 417 
crassicornis (Hedylus), 426 
crassicornis (Meloboris), 417 
crassifemur (Asthenarus), 388, 407 
crassiformis (Idemum), 430 
crassiusculus (Campoplex), 445 
crassiusculus (Phobocampe), 445 
crassulus (Blapticus), 434 
crassulus (Laepserus), 434 
crassus (Gunopaches), 394, 426, 442 
crassus (Phygadeuon), 426, 442 
crassus ssp. chrysopae (Dichrogaster), 441 
Cremmias, 415 
Cremnodes, 393, 397, 411, 454 
Cryptopimpla, 405, 462 


474 


Cryptus, 433, 436, 461 

Cteniscus, 417, 422 

Ctenochira, 415, 424, 451 
Ctenopelma, 418, 423 
Cubocephalus, 413, 420, 442 
cupressi (Campoplex), 444 
cursitans (Gelis), 407 

cylindricus (Bathymetis), 390, 410 
cylindricus (Phygadeuon), 410 
Cylloceria, 407, 462 


Daspletis, 393 

davidsonii (Gelis), 430 
davidsonii (Ilapinastes), 430 
debitor (Ichneumon), 419 
debitor (Lagarotis), 419 
decimator (Lissonota), 448 
decimator (Procinetus), 448 
defectiva (Himerta), 419 
defectivus (Ichneumon), 419 
degener (Acrodactyla), 455 
delicatus (Syndipnus), 458 
delicatus (Tlemon), 458 
delictor (Barylypa), 409 
Deloglyptus, 435 

delusory (Ichneumon), 456 
delusor (Syntactus), 456 
Deuterospinolia, 452 
Diadegma, 428 

Diaglypta, 414, 455 
Diaparsis, 388 

Diaparsus, 388 

Dicemon, 419 

Dichrogaster, 411, 437, 441, 462 
dictator (Ichneumon), 412 
dictator (Trematopygus), 412 
difformis (Notomeris), 439 
Dimophora, 391 

Dioratica, 393 

Diplazon, 386 

dispar (Xylophrurus), 463 
distinctor (Cubocephalus), 420 
dives (Notosemus), 392, 439 
Dolophron, 393 

dorsalis (Campoplex), 463 
dorsalis (Hemiteles), 442 
dorsalis (Lissonota), 440 
dorsalis (Meloboris), 463 
dorsalis (Odinophora), 440 
dorsalis (Pammicra), 442 
dubia (Lissonota), 421 
dubius (Pimplopterus), 421 
Dyspetes, 388 

Dyspetus, 388, 419 


INDEX 


ebeninus (Campoplex), 388 
Ecphoropsis, 420 

egvegius (Euceros), 457 

elegans (Baryntica), 409 
elegans (Bassus), 428 

elegans (Homocidus), 386, 389 
elegans (Homotropus), 389, 428 
elegans (Stylocryptus), 409 
elishae (Nythobia), 429 
elongator (Cosmoconus), 415 
elongator (Ichneumon), 415 
elongatus (Phaeogenes), 461 
elongatus (Proscus), 461 
empretiae (Acrolyta), 401 
Encrateola, 420 

Endasys, 390, 409, 451 
Enicospilus, 403 

Enizemum, 386 

Entelechia, 388 

Entelechius, 388 

Entypoma, 388 

Entypomus, 388 

Enytus, 429 

Epachthes, 388, 399 

Epachtus, 388, 421 

ephippium (Psilosage), 448 
ephippium (Psilosarge), 448 
ephippium (Tryphon), 448 
Epiphobus, 393 

Epistathmus, 393 

Erigorgus, 391, 412, 455 
Evioborus, 422 

Eriplanus, 392, 413, 445, 458 
Eriplatys, 405 

errabunda (Cryptopimpla), 405 
ervabundus (Phytodietus), 405 
Erromenus, 459 
erythrocephalus (Perilissus), 447 
evythrocephalus (Tryphon), 447 
evythrocerus (Brachycryptus), 427 
erythropalpus (Azelus), 409, 421 
erythropalpus (Tryphon), 409, 421 
evythvopus (Zemiodes), 463 
evythvostictus (Cryptus), 415 
erythrostoma (Helictes), 437 
evythrostoma (Plectiscus), 437 
Esigna, 425 

Ethelurgus, 439 

etorofuensis (Gnypetomorpha), 441 
etorofuensis (Opisthostenus), 441 
Euceros, 457 

Eucremastus, 423 

euryops (Idiogramma), 430 
Euryproctus, 388 


INDEX 475 


Eusterinx, 458 foveolata (Asyncrita), 408 
Eustiphrosomus, 453, 458 foveolatus (Atractodes), 408 
exareolatus (Campoplex), 418, 419 fracticeps (Dyspetes), 419 
exclamationis (Tryphon), 454 franconiaensis (Polyterus), 447 
exclamationis (Tryphon (Symboethus)), 454 frigidus (Lathiponus), 434 
Exenterus, 401, 446 fugitivus (Banchus), 403 
Exetastes, 450, 451 fugitivus (Hyposoter), 403 
Exidechthis, 430 fukaii (Daictes), 416 
exigua (Canidia), 410 fukaii (Mastrus), 416 
exiguus (Bathyplectes), 410 fuligator (Xorides), 453 
exiguus (Campoplex), 410 fulveolatus (Catalytus), 413 
exilis (Dialipsis), 417 fulveolatus (Pezomachus), 413 
Exochus, 404 fulvescens (Phygadeuon), 446 
explorator (Aritranis), 406 fulvescens (Polytribax), 446 
exploratory (Cryptus), 406 fulvipes (Exetastes), 462 
Exyston, 459 fulvipes (Pyracmon), 450 
fulvipes (Xenoschesis), 462 
facialis (Mesoleptus), 425, 443 furcator (Cryptus), 413 
facialis (Perispuda), 425, 443 fuscicornis (Cryptus), 406 
facilis (Temelucha), 457 fuscicornis (Mesoleptus), 453 
fallax (Xestophya), 462 fuscicornis (Phobetes), 445 
fallax (Xestophyes), 462 fuscicornis (Trapezocora), 453 
fasciatipennis (Paraphylax), 443 fuscicornis (Tryphon), 445 
fasciatus (Phyzelus), 392, 446 
femoralis (Catastenus), 413 Gambrus, 391, 433 
femoralis (Exochus), 436 Gelis, 407, 430, 444, 449, 457, 462 
femoralis (Gelis), 457 genalis (Barylypa), 409 
femoralis (Hypsicera), 436, 447 genalis (Ctenacmus), 415 
femoralis (Ichneumon), 447 geniculosus (Mesoleptus), 454 
femoralis (Stenomacrus), 453 geniculosus (Sychnoleter), 454 
femoralis (Thaumatotypus), 392, 457 geometrae (Hypotherentes), 430 
fenestralis (Gonolochus), 425 geometrae (Phobocampe), 430 
ferrugineus (Amesolytus), 404 gigas (Mastrus), 464 
ferrugineus (Anomalon), 455 Glypta, 415, 418 
ferrugineus (Erigorgus), 455 Gnypetomorpha, 401, 416, 437, 441, 459 
ferrugineus (Exochus), 404 Goniocryptus, 461 
festivus (Synoecetes), 456 Gonotypa, 388 
fibulator (Anomalon), 422 Gonotypus, 388, 458 
fibulator (Erigorgus), 422 gorski (Tryphon), 389, 434 
filicornis (Perilissus), 452 graminellae (Ichneumon), 432 
filiformis (Xorides), 452 graminicola (Cryptus), 451 
filiformis (Xylonomus), 452 graminicola (Schenkia), 420, 451 
flagitator (Phyzelus), 392, 446 grandiceps (Eparces), 421 
flaveolatum (Agrypon), 402 grandis (Proclitus), 448 
flaveolatum (Ophion), 402 grandis (Pyracmon), 450 
flavescens (Plesiognathus), 446 gvandis (Rhimphoctona), 450 
flaviceps (Philotymma?), 445 granulosa (Alegina), 411 
flavigaster (Hemiteles), 390 granulosus (Calliphrurus), 411 
flavipes (Bassus), 386, 410 Gravenhorstia, 422, 440 
flavipes (Gnathochorisis), 425 . gravenhorstii (Habronyx), 426 
flavipes (Grypocentrus), 406 gravenhorstii (Phygadeuon), 453 
flavipes (Hemiphanes), 426 gravenhorstii (Stibeutes), 453 
flavolineatus (Syrphoctonus), 386 grisescens (Plectocryptus), 392 


fortipes (Cryptus), 420 Grypocentrus, 406 


476 INDEX 


Gunopaches, 393, 395, 442 
guttiger (Mesoleius), 451 
gyratoria (Giraudia), 425 
gyrini (Bathythrix), 424 
eyvini (Gausocentrus), 424 


hadrocerus (Hemiteles), 391 
hadrocerus (Orthizema), 437 
Hadrodactylus, 419, 438, 463 
hadrodactylus (Symphylus), 455 
Hambergiella, 408 

hammari (Alegina), 409 
hammari (Barydotiva), 409 
Haplaspis, 395, 397, 436 
hariolus (Phaeogenes), 419 
harpurus (Leptopygus), 435 
harpurus (Porizon), 435 
hectica (Calliclisis), 411 

hecticus (Ephialtes), 411 
heinemanni (Stibeutes), 392, 413 
Helictes, 430, 437 

hemerobii (Hemiteles), 390 
hemipterus (Hemiteles), 392, 445, 458 
hemipterus (Pezomachus), 413, 445 
hemipterus (Theroscopus), 392, 413, 445, 458 
Hemiteles, 420, 423, 439 
Henacis, 462 

Herpestomus, 419 

hervichii (Udenia), 461 
heterocerus (Phaestus), 444 
Heterocolea, 426 

heteropus (Synetaeris), 455 
hilaris (Zootrephes), 386, 390, 464 
Himerta, 388, 414 

Himertus, 388 

hirtifrons (Apsilops), 406 
hirtifrons (Cryptus), 406 
Hodostates, 388, 455 
Hodostatus, 388 

holmgrent (Zootrephes), 386 
Holocremna, 388, 427 
Holocremnus, 388 

Homocidus, 428 

Homoporus, 389, 428 
Homotropus, 386, 388, 389 
Hoplismenus, 443 
Hoblocryptus, 406 

Horogenes auctt., 428, 429 
howardi (Boethus), 410 
Hybristes, 393 
Hymenosyneches, 455 
Hypamblys, 406, 435 
Hyperallus, 424 

Hyperbatus, 393 


Hypocryptus, 391 
Hyposoter, 405, 422, 431 


Hypsicera, 436, 447 


ictericus (Exenterus), 446 
ictericus (Tryphon), 446 
impurator (Plectiscus), 411 
inaequalis (Pantisarthrus), 442 
Inareolata, 419 

incertus (Polyaulon), 446 
incubitor (Gambrus), 424, 433 
infesta (Casinaria), 404 
inimicus (Hemiteles), 431 
inimicus (Mastrus), 431 
insectator (Dicolus), 418 
insidiator (Barylypa), 434 
insidiator (Laphyctes), 434 
insignis (Atrometus), 408 
insignis (Chirotica), 413 
insignis (Hemiteles), 413 
insignis (Zachresta), 463 
instructor (Ctenochares), 415 
Ipoctoninus, 431, 445 
Ipoctonus, 445 

iridescens (Asymmictus), 408 
Ischnobatis, 391 
Ischyrocnemis, 399 
Isodromas, 432 

istrianus (Hoplismenus), 443 
Isurgus, 424 

italicus (Aeolometis), 402, 456 
italicus (Scolobates), 387, 388, 402, 456 
Ithagenes, 393 


japonicus (Rhexidermus), 449 
jucunda, (Epistathrum?), 421 
jucundus (Exenterus), 437 
jucundus (Smicroplectrus), 437 


Kaltenbachia, 391 

kichijoi (Dichrogaster), 437 
kichijoi (Microtorus), 437 

kincaidi (Olesicampe), 440 
kincaidi (Omoborus), 440 
kriechbaumeri (Spudastica), 452 
kriechbaument (Trematopygus), 449 


Labroctonus, 433 
Labrorychus auctt., 434 
Labrossyta, 389, 408 
Labrossytus, 389, 434 
laevigatus (Encrateola), 420 
laevigatus (Ichneumon), 424 
laevigatus (Mesoleptus), 424 
laevissimus (Alexeter), 464 


laevissimus (Mesoleius), 464 
laeviusculus (Barytarbes), 447 
laeviusculus (Barytarbus), 447 
Lagarotis, 389, 419 

Lagarotus, 389, 434, 430 
Lamachus, 401 

lamina (Leptocryptus), 392 
Lampronota, 407, 410, 411 
lanceolata (Holmgrenia), 427 
lanceolatus (Isurgus), 424, 432 
lanceolatus (Mesoleius), 427 
lancifer (Echthrus), 463 

langet (Lampronota), 407 
Laphyroscopus, 389 


lapidator F., 1787 (Ichneumon), 418 
lapidator F., 1793 (Ichneumon), 438 


lapidator (Trogus), 418 
lapponicus (Phygadeuon), 428 
lateralis (Polypystis), 447 
lateralis (Tryphon), 447 
Lathrolestes, 407, 419, 427, 434 
Lathrolestus, 407, 435 
Lathrostiza, 389 

Lathrostizus, 389 

latrator (Ichneumon), 448 
Leipaulus, 411 

lepidator (Ichneumon), 438 
leptocerus (Ichneumon), 445 
leptocerus (Phobetes), 445 
Leptocryptus, 431, 439, 453 
leucostigimus (Phygadeuon), 463 
leucostigmus (Phygadeuon), 463 
leucostomus (Blapticus), 410 
leucostomus (Rhinotorus), 452 
leucostomus (Spudaeus), 452 
leucostomus (Tryphon), 390, 452 
linearis (Ateleute), 408 
lineolatus (Campoplex), 440 
liogaster (Phygadeuon), 457 
Liopsis, 386 

lissonotoides (Hemiteles), 407 
locutor (Homotherus), 428 
locutor (Ichneumon), 428 
longicaudatus (Dichrogaster), 462 
longicaudatus (Hemiteles), 462 
longicornis (Rhinotorus), 450 
longicornis (Spudaea), 450 
longipes (Campoplex), 440 
longipes (Olesicampe), 440 
lonicerae (Ethelurgus), 423 
lophyrorum (Lamachus), 434 
lophyrorum (Tryphon), 434 
Luchatema, 391, 431 

lucidulus (Tryphon), 416 


INDEX 477 


_Luphyroscopus, 389, 434 


luridator (Ichneumon), 442 
luridator (Oxytorus), 411, 416, 442 
lusorius (Apimeles), 406 

luteolator (Hemiteles), 389, 448 
luteolator (Lathrolestes), 434 
luteomarginatus (Otoblastus), 441 
luteomarginatus (Tryphon), 441 
lutescens (Perilissus), 430 
lycaenae (Isdromas), 432 

Lysibia 393, 397, 402, 443 


maceyr (Porizon), 457 
macilenta (Micrope), 437 
macilentus (Phaeogenes), 437 
macrocerus (Syndipnus), 455 
maculata (Ichneumon), 433 
maculator (Ichneumon), 433 
maculator (Itoplectis), 433 
maculatorius (Ichneumon), 456 
maculatorius (Syzeuctus), 456 
maculatus (Gambrus), 391, 424 
maculipennis (Chirotica), 452 
maculipennis (Hemiteles), 452 
maculipes (Enytus), 429 
magnus (Protarchus), 463 
magnus (Zacalles), 463 
mandibularis (Delomerista), 416 
mandibularis (Pimpla), 416 
manni (Eucremastus), 423 
mann (Eugnomus), 423 
marginatorius (Exenterus), 401 
marginatorius (Ichneumon), 401 
marginatum (Ophion), 422 
marginatus (Eremotylus), 422 
marginatus (Polyblastus), 451 
marginatus (Uchidella), 433 
marginatus var. of arcuatus (Ctenochira), 
451 
maritimus (Aneuclis), 404 
Mastrus, 401, 402, 416, 431, 443, 464 
Mater, 4406 
means (Brachypterus), 448 
mediator (Megastylus), 430 
mediator (Orthopelma), 448 
Medophron, 391 
melanarius (Blapsidotes), 410 
melanarius (Hemiteles), 410 
melanarius (Probles), 448 
melanocerus (Trematopygus), 404, 449 
melanocerus (Tryphon), 404 
melanogaster (Mesoleius), 412 
melanostoma (Gonotypa), 426 
mellithorax (Panteles), 442 


478 


Meloboris, 417, 429, 463 
Mengersenia, 408 
Meniscus, 401, 403, 404 


Mesoleius, 387, 402, 403, 412, 419, 427 


Mesoleptus, 424 
mesoxanthus (Rhorus), 450 
mesoxanthus (Tryphon), 450 
metacomet (Eviplanus), 423 
metathoracica (Astomaspis), 407 
meteori (Bathythrix), 410 
micator (Eriplanus), 423 
minor (Cataglyptus), 460 
minor (Syntactus), 460 
minutus (Phaedroctonus), 444 
mitigosus (Baeosemus), 409 
mitigosus (Ichneumon), 409 
mokrzeckit (Gonophonus), 425 
monilicornis (Phrudus), 445 
Monoblastus, 414, 438, 441 
monterai (Phatnacra), 444 
monticola (Ichneumon), 436 
monticola (Megaplectes), 436 
muliebris (Diacritus), 417 
muliebris (Mesoleptus?), 417 
murina (Lissonota), 403 
mutabilis (Limneria), 440 


myrmecinus (Pezomachus), 392, 457 


Naetes, 391 

nanus (Hemiteles), 395 

nanus (Lysibia), 402, 436 
nanus (Nythobia), 429 

nanus (Tryphon), 436 
nasutus (Campothreptus), 412 
nasutus (Mesoleptus), 412 
neodiprioni (Mastrus), 436 
Neoeryma, 423 
Neoplatylabus, 430 

Netelia, 443 

niger (Aniarophron), 386, 404 
niger (Medophron), 391, 436 


nigricaniformis (Zoophthorus), 464 
nigricapitata (Acrolyta), 401, 449 


nigricarpus (Parabates), 443 
nigricarpus (Parabatus), 443 
nigricorne (Anomalon), 433 
nigricornis (Labrorychus), 433 
nigricoxis (Asthenomeris), 407 
nigricoxus (Mnesidacus), 437 
nigripennis (Acoenites), 414 
nigripennis (Phaenolobus), 414 
nigripes (Caenomeris), 399 
nigripes (Cremnodes), 411 
nigripes (Xestophya), 411 


INDEX 


nigritulus? (Ischnobatis), 431 
nigritulus (Porizon), 391 
nigriventris (Stenocryptus), 442 
nigrocinctus (Aptesis), 406, 444 
nigrocinctus (Ichneumon), 444 
nigrocinctus (Pezomachus), 444 
nigropunctatus (Perilissus), 456 
nigrum (Ctenopelma), 423 
nigrum (Habromma), 426 
nitidus (Phygadeuon), 432 
nobilitator (Neotypus), 438 
notatus (Exetastes), 451 
notatus (Synodites), 450, 456 
notatus (Tryphon), 450 
Notosemus, 392 

nutritor (Diaparsis), 417 
nutritor (Diaparsus), 417 
nutritory (Ophion), 417 

nutritor (Porizon), 417 
Nythobia, 419, 428, 429 
Nythophona, 393 
Nyxeophilus, 391 


oahuensis (Idechthis), 430 
obscurus (Cryptus), 436 
obscurus (Deleter), 416 
occupator (Cylloceria), 407 
occupator (Lissonota), 407 
ochrostoma (Casinaria), 420 
oculatus (Allophrys), 403 
oculatus (Chiodes), 414 
oculatus (Chriodes), 414 
oculatus (Thersilochus), 403 
Oetophorus, 454 

okamotoi (Itamus), 433 
Olesicampa, 389, 440 
Olesicampe, 389, 440 
Olethrodotis, 393 
oligomera (Eusterinx), 423 
olympiae (Polyterus), 454 
Omorga, 389, 440 

Omorgus, 389 
Ophthalmochorus, 446 
orbitalis (Campoplex), 402 
orbitalis (Casinaria), 402 
orbitalis (Lathrolestes), 419 
orbitalis (Tryphon), 419 
orbum (Lymeon), 436 
orgyiae (Amorphota), 404 
ornatus (Cryptus), 433 
ornatus (Enizemum), 386 
ornatus (Gambrus), 391 
ornatus (Kaltenbachia), 391 
ornatus (Orthizema), 392, 441 


INDEX 479 


Orthizema, 392, 437 
Orthocentrus, 408, 444, 457 
Orthopelma, 393, 448 
Otlophorus, 417, 438 
oviventris (Cubocephalus), 442 
Oxytorus, 411, 416, 442 


pallescens (Polytribax), 447 
pallipes (Aniseres), 405 

pallipes (Homotropus), 388, 389 
palmaris (Noemon), 439 
palmaris (Tryphon (Noemon)), 439 
Pammicra, 389 

Pammicrus, 389, 442 
paniscoides (Absyrtus), 420 
paniscoides (Perilissus), 420 
Pantolispa, 395 

Pantorhaestes, 460 

Pantropa, 393 

Parabates, 389 

Parabatus, 389 

paradoxa (Mengersenia), 408 
paradoxus (Apterophygas), 408 
paradoxus (A pterophygus?), 406 
paradoxus (Phygadeuon), 406 
Paraplesius, 393 

parorgyiae (Hyposoter), 429 
parviventris var. cnemargus (Endasys), 451 
parvus (Epitomus), 421 
pectoratorius (Bassus), 386 
pectoratorius (Homoporus), 389 
pedestris (Pezomachus), 457 
pedestris (Theroscopus), 457 
Pemon, 393, 397 

percontatoria (Ichneumon), 463 
percontatoria (Zatypota), 463 
perfida (Anilasta), 422 

perfidus (Hyposoter), 422 
Perilissus, 424, 430, 449, 447, 452, 454, 461 
Periope, 440 

Perispuda, 389, 425, 463 
Perispudus, 389, 443 

Perosis auctt., 443 

perscrutator (Ichneumon), 462 
perscrutator (Rhembobius), 462 
perspicillator (Anomalon), 409, 422 
petiolaris (Spudastica), 452 
petiolatum (Enizemum), 420 
Pezoporus, 392 

Phaenolobus, 414 

Phaeogenes, 419, 461 

Phaestus, 389 

Phagesorus, 393 

Phobetes, 389, 445 


Phobetus, 389, 445 
Phobocampa, 389, 445 
Phobocampe, 389, 430 
Phradis, 392, 431 
Phrudus Bridgman, 445 
Phthorima, 386, 389 
Phthorimus, 389, 445 
Phygadeuon, 393, 406, 410, 423, 426, 428, 
432, 436, 440, 442, 453, 463 
Phyrtus, 392, 413, 458 
Phyzelus, 392 
piceator (Alloplasta), 403, 461 
piceator (Ichneumon), 461 
picta (Gravenhorstia), 440 
pilicornis (Xylonomus), 453 
pilifrons (Mastrus), 402 
pilosus (Cnemischus), 414 
pilosus (Cnemischys), 414 
pimplarius (Allomacrus), 403 
pimploides (Stiboscopellus), 459 
pimploides (Tricholinum), 459 
Pimplopterus, 421 
Pion, 453, 454 
Plectiscus, 411 
Plesiomma, 393 
plesius (Dirophanes), 419 
pleuralis (Perilissus), 454 
pleuralis (Tryphon), 454 
podagricus (Exochus), 459 
podagricus (Triclistus), 459 
Poecilostictus, 430 
Polemophthorus, 455 
polita (Bioblapsis), 410 
polita (Caenomeris), 399 
polita (Evigloea), 422 
Polyblastus, 433 
Polycinetis, 389, 422, 446, 448 
Polycinetus, 389 
Polyrhysia, 389 
Polyrhysius, 389, 447 
Polyterus, 412, 435, 454 
Polytrera, 389 
Polytreres, 389, 447 
Polytribax, 438, 446 
pomorum (Pimpla), 459 
pomorum (Scambus), 459 
populans (Exacrodus), 424 
populans (Perilissus), 424 
praerogator (Dyspetes), 419 
praerogator (Tryphon), 419 
praerogator (L.) Grav. (Tryphon), 388 
praetor (Proclitus), 448 
pratorum (Exenterus), 459 
pratorum (Exyston), 459 


480 INDEX 


primus (Evipternus), 423 
proboscidalis (Heterocola), 426 
proboscidalis (Thersilochus), 426 
Proclitus, 405 

prodeniae (Diatora), 418 
proditor (Tryphon), 438 

proditor (Neleges), 438 
Proedrus, 389 

prolixus (Dicemon), 419 
Promethes, 386, 435 

propinquus (Gonophonus), 425 
Proscus, 461 

Prospudaea, 450, 452 
Protarchus, 453 

proxima (Lysibia), 443 
proximum (Pemon), 395, 396, 443 
pudibundus (Deloglyptus), 435 
pulcherrimus (Lathiponus), 434 
pulchricornis (Thymaris), 390, 392, 458 
pumilus (Sathropterus), 451 
pumilus (Thersilochus), 451 
punctiventris (Deloglyptus), 416 
pusillus (Orthocentrus), 457 
pusto (Meloboris), 439 

pusio (Nythobia), 429, 439 
pygmaeus (Cteniscus), 422 
pygmaeus (Exenterus), 422 
Pyracmon, 450 


quadridens (Terozoa), 399, 457 
quadrispinosus (Phygadeuon), 449 
quadrispinus (Phygadeuon), 449 
quadrispinus (Rhembobius), 449 


radiata (Chirotica), 417 

vadiata (Diaglypta), 417 

vapax (Campoplex), 405 

rapax (Hyposoter), 405 

vapinator (Alexeter), 464 

recreator (Cryptus), 436, 461 

vesplendens (Notopygus), 446, 448 

resplendens (Xenoschesis (Polycinetis)), 422, 
446, 448 

Rhadinopimpla, 449 

Rhaestes, 390 

Rhaestus, 390, 449 

Rhembobius, 462 

Rhexineura, 393 

Rhinotorus, 452 

Rhorus, 399 

Rhynchobanchus, 451 

roborator (Exeristes), 424 

roborator (Pimpla), 424 


robusta (Dimophora), 391 418 
robusta (Dimophora?), 418 
robusta (Limneria), 458 
robustum (Entypoma), 421 
rostralis (Limneria), 452 
vubata (Pimpla) 405 
rubiginosa (Himerta), 414 
vubiginosus (Mesoleptus?), 414 
rufa (Ctenochira), 424 

vufa (Gemophaga), 424 

rufata (Apechthis), 405 

vufata (Pimpla), 405 

ruficollis (Eremochila), 422 
vuficollis (Hemiteles), 462 
vuficollis (Pimpla), 406, 422 
ruficornis (Aphanoroptra), 388, 406 
ruficornis (Lissonota), 388, 405, 406 
vuficornis (Mesoleptus), 403 
vuficornis (Xenodocon), 462 
rufina (Colocnema), 415 
vufinus (Cryptus), 388, 415 
rufinus (Homaspis), 427 
vufinus (Mesoleptus), 427 
vufipes (Aclastus), 401, 437 
vufipes (Acoenites), 436 

rufipes (Anephares), 404 
rufipes (Cremnodes), 454 
rufipes (Gelis), 444 

rufipes (Grypocentrus), 390, 449 
rufipes (Gnypetomorpha), 401 
rufipes (Holocrepis), 427 
vufipes (Isurgus), 404 

rufipes (Mesoclistus), 436 
vufipes (Mesoliptus), 417 
vufipes (Mesostenus), 417 
rufipes (Moerophora), 437 
vufipes (Pezolochus), 444 
rufipes (Rhaestes), 449 

vufipes (Rhimphoctona), 450 
vufipes (Stygera), 397, 398, 454 
vufipes (Xenolytus), 462 
vufipes (Xylonomus), 437 
rufipes (Zetesima), 464 
rufiventris (Zootrerhes), 386 
rufolineata (Oxytaenia), 442 
rufoniger (Perilissus), 461 
rufoornatus (Neleothymus), 438 
vufoornatus (Neleothymus?), 438 
vufopectus (Sychnoportus), 454 
vufum (Anomalon), 422 

rufus (Hemiteles), 437 

vufus (Naetes), 391 

rufus (Naites), 437 

vufus (Tryphon), 448 


vugifer (Hemiteles), 462 
tugulosus (Phygadeuon), 423 


Sagaritis, 412 

Sagaritopsis, 412 

Saotis, 390 

Saotus, 400 

Sarntheinia, 434 

scabriculus (Eudelus), 423 
scabriculus (Hemiteles), 423 
scabriculus (Hybophanes), 429 
scabriculus (Tryphon), 429 
Scambus, 421, 459 

scanicus (Ichneumon), 433 
scansor (Plectocryptus), 392 
Schenkia, 420 

schizoceri (Boethus), 410 
Schizoloma, 451 

schuetzeana (Brachypimpla?), 442 
schuetzeana (Panteles), 442 
Scolobates, 402 

Scopesis, 390, 451 

Scopesus, 390, 451 

scotoptera (Labrossyta), 434 
scotopterus (Ichneumon), 389, 434 
scutellaris (Ctenacmus), 415 
scutellaris (Enoecetis), 421 
scutellaris Holm. (Polyblastus), 415 
scutellaris Thoms. (Polyblastus), 415 
scutellatum (Astiphromma), 407 
scutellatus (Ctenochira), 415 
scutellatus (Mesochorus), 407 
scutellatus (Polyblastus), 415 
scutulata (Zemiophora), 386, 464 
scutulatus (Tryphon), 464 
scutulatus (Zemiophorus), 464 
sectator (Alexeter), 403 

sedulus (Cteniscus), 417 

sedulus (Diaborus), 417 

sedulus (Mesoleptus), 456 
segmentarius (Barytarbes), 432 
segmentarius (Tryphon), 432 
semicaligatus (Ichneumon), 434 
semicaligatus (Lagarotis), 434, 464 
sericea (Cacotropa), 411 
serricornis (Euceros), 457 

setiger (Picrostigeus), 446 
steboldit (Synomelix), 456 
signaticorne (Apoclima), 406 
signatus (Bassus), 386 

signatus (Homotropus), 388, 389 
stlvaticus (Orthocentrus), 453 
singularis (Casinaria), 450 
singularis (Narcopoea), 438 


INDEX 


singularis (Rhytmonotus), 450 
sinuata (Astrenis), 407 
sinuata (Hambergiella), 408 
sitkensis (Orthocentrus), 444 
sitkensis (Phaenosemus), 444 
Smicroplectrus, 437 

socius (Asthenara), 407 
sodalis (Ethelurgus), 439 
sodalis (Phygadeuon), 439 
solitarius (Alegina), 403, 444, 457 
solutus (Gnypetomorpha), 416 
solutus (Hemiteles), 416 
sordida (Hidryta), 427 
spectabilis (Proclitus), 405 
Sphecophaga, 411 

Spudaea, 390, 450 

Spudaeus, 390 

stagnalis (Hemiteles), 407 
stellarius (Atithasus), 408 
Stenomacrus, 412, 416, 429, 456 
stercorator (Iseropus), 432 
sternocera (Lathrostiza), 435 
sternocerus (Lathrostizus), 435 
Sternocryptus, 462 
Stiboscopellus, 459 

Stilpnus, 447 

Stiphrosomus, 458 
straminetpes (Ichnobatis), 431 
stramineipes (Ischnobatis), 391, 431 
strangulatory (Genarches), 425 
stretchit (Mesoleius), 440 
stretchii (Perilissus), 440 
striata (Glypta), 457 

striata (Teleutaea), 457 
Stroblia, 431 

Stvgera, 393, 397, 411 

stygium (Eryma), 423 

stylator (Acroricnus), 462 
subannulatus (Hemiteles), 392 
subannulatus (Orthizema), 441 
subclavata (Nepiesta), 438 
subimpressus (Encratis?), 420 
sudeticus (Ichneumon), 406 
sulcata (Trapezocora), 408 
sulcator (Bassus), 435, 448 
sulcator (Promethes), 386, 435, 448 
sulcatus (Stiphrosomus), 408 
sulphurata (Perispuda), 463 
sulphuratus (Ichneumon), 463 
suspiciosa (Entelechia), 421 
Sycophrurus, 443 

Sympherta?, 454 

Symplecis, 413 

Synaema, 455 


481 


482 


synchlorae (Hyposoter), 431 
synchlorae (Ischnoscopus), 431 
Syndipnus, 451, 458 
Synodites, 390, 450, 451 
Synoditis, 456 

Synodytes, 390, 456 
Synoecetes, 447 

Synomelix, 464 

Syntactus, 460 

syrphicola (Ethelurgus), 423 
Syrphoctonus, 386, 428 
Syzeuctus, 418 


Tachyporthus, 402 | 

Tanypelma, 393 

tarsalis (Eripternus), 423 
tarsatorius (Bassus), 386 
Teleutaea, 428 ' a 
Temelucha auctt., 431%. os” 
tenebricosus (Hemiteles), 447 
tenebricosus (Stilpnus), 447 

tener (Hemicryptus), 436 

tener (Mesoleptus), 458 

tener (Micromonodon), 436 

tener (Thymaris), 458 
tenuicornis (Hemiteles), 425 
tenuicornis (Syneocetes), 447 
tenuicornis (Tryphon), 447 
tenuipes (Gnotus), 425 
tenuiventris (Campoplex), 412, 428 
tenuiventris (Casinaria), 413, 428 
tenuiventris (Mesoleius), 403 
Terozoa, 399 

testaceicornis (Hypocryptus), 391, 429 
testaceipes (Bachia), 390, 409 
testaceipes (Endasys), 409 
testatorius (Protarchus), 448 
tetvazonatus (Atmetus), 408 
tetrazonatus (Orthocentrus), 408 
Thaumatogelis, 392, 457 
Thaumatotypidea, 446 
Thaumatotypus, 392 
Theroscopus, 413, 445, 458 
thoracicus (Stiboscopus), 453 
thuringiacus (Cidaphus), 414 
Thymaris, 390, 392 

Thymarus, 390 

thyridopteryx (Hemiteles?), 455 
thyridopteryx (Hymenosyneches), 455 
Thysiotorus, 392 

tibialis (Bassus), 420 

tibiator (Campoletis), 412 
tibiator (Mesoleptus), 412 
titillator (Cryptus), 460 


INDEX 


titillatoy (Ichneumon), 461 
Tolmerus, 393 

transfuga (Hypamblys), 429 
tvansfuga (Mesoleius), 429 
Trapezocora, 408, 412, 453 
Trematopygus, 404, 412, 449 
triannulatus (Hemiteles), 392 
Trichocalymma, 390 
Trichocalymmus, 390 

tricincta (Thestis), 458 
tricinctus (Echthronomas), 420 
trifasciata (Colpotrochia), 402 
trifasciata (Eusterinx), 458 
trifasciator (Chirotica), 413 
trifasciatus (Tryphon?), 402 
trochanteratus (Otitochilus), 441 
trochanteratus (Tryphon), 441 
Trogus, 418 

Trychosis, 433, 461 

Tryphon, 441, 448, 454 
Trysicampe, 393 

tsugae (Opidnus), 441 

tsugae (Pezoporus), 441 
typhae (Hadrodactylus), 419 
426, 438, 463 

typhae (Ichneumon), 426 
typhae (Mesoleptus), 419, 438 


Uchidella, 433 

ulmicola (Neuratelus), 412 
ulmicola (Stenomacrus), 412 
undulatus (Enicospilus), 403 
undulatus (Ophion), 403 

unicincta (Isochresta), 432 
unicinctus (Phygadeuon), 426, 432 
ustulatus (Lagarotus), 440 


vagabundus (Glyphicnemis), 425 
vagabundus (Phygadeuon), 425 
validus (Campoplex), 452 

variabilis (Hemimachus), 406 
variabilis (Pimpla), 459 

variabilis (Tromatobia), 459 
varicornis (Atractodes), 416 

varitpes (Amersibia), 404 

varipes (Polysphincta), 463 

varipes (Zaglyptus), 463 

varitarsus (Agasthenes), 402 
varitarsus (Hemiteles), 402 

veluta (Pimpla), 453 

vepretorum (Otlophorus), 417, 438, 441 
vepretorum (Tryphon), 417, 438, 441 
vesparum (Sphecophaga), 411 
vetula (Pimpla), 453 


vetula (Stilbops), 453 
viennensis (Campoplex), 420 
viennensis (Ecphoropsis), 420 
volutatorius (Banchus), 414 
volutatorius (Ichneumon), 414 


xanthomelas (Ichneumon), 415 
xanthopus (Acrotomus), 405 
xanthostomus (Pantorhaestes), 443, 460 
xanthostomus (Tryphon), 443, 460 


INDEX 


Xenonastes, 393 

Xenoschesis, 422, 428, 446, 448 
Xestophya, 462 

Xorides, 449, 452, 453 


Zapedias, 393 
Zaphthora, 393 
Zaporus, 428 
Zootrephes, 386, 390 
Zootrephus, 390 


483 


onan oe ee - 


aberrans, Tinodes 


~~ 


INDEX. TO VOLUME XI 


New taxonomic names are in bold type 


132, 133 (fig.) 


abyssinica, Athalia 361 antennata, Athalia 
Aclastus 401 annulitarsis, Hennedyia . 
Acrolyta 401 Anopiesta 
Actenonyx 401 Apechthis 
Actornithophilus IQI—244 Aperileptus 
acuminata, Oecetis 160 (fig.), 161 Aphanistes 
adamitus adamitus, Quasiochamus . 95-96 Aphanodon 
mitus balfour-brownei, Quasiochamus . 96 Aphanoroptrum 
amitus patriciae, eee ‘ . 96 apicalis, Odoniella . 
Adexioma : : . - 401 Apimeles 
Adiastola 401 Apoclima 
Adranes 402 Apsilops 
adzharica, Anadrymadusa 37 Apterophygas 
Aenoplex 402 Aptesis 
\\Acolometis A 402 Apystus 
affine, Colpocephalum 215 arctipennis, Oecetis 
affinis, Pezodrymadusa 29 Aritranis 
" Agasthenes 402 armata, Athalia 
Agrothereutes 402 asbolos, Athalia 
Agrypon : 402 Aschistus 
ahngeri, Athalia 362 Aselasma 
albomaculata, Anadrymadusa. . 38-30 Asinamora 
Alcima . : : 402 Asphragis 
Alcocerus 402 Asthenara 
Alegina. 403 Asthenomeris 
Alexeter 403 Asthenoptera 
Allocamptus . 403 Astiphromma 
Allocota 403 Astomaspis 
Allocritus 403 Astrenis 
Allomacrus 403 asymmetrica, Occetis 
Allophrys ‘403 Asymmictus 
Alloplasta 403 Asyncrita 
Ameloctonus 403 Ateleute ’ 
Amersibia 404 athaloides, Hennedyell : 
» . Amesolytus : 404 Atithasus ; 
Amorphognathon . 404 Atmetus 
Amorphota 404 Atrestes 
Anadrymadusa 29-30 Atrometus : 
Anecphysis 404 aurea, Triaenodes . 
Anempheres . 404 auricollis, Polycentropus . 
Aneuclis - 404 Azelus . ; ; 
angorensis, Pezodrymadusa : : . 28-29 
angulatus, Duducoris 266, 267 (fig.), 268 (fig.) 
Aniarophron . . : 404 
Anilastus 405 Bachia . 
Aniseres 405 Baeosemus . : 
Anisoctenion 405 balteatus, Quasiochamus 


annobonae, Insulochamus 


174 (fig.), 177, 178 (fig.) 


. 90-91 
;, 3370 

349 

495 

495 

405 

495 

495 

405 

209, 300 (fig) 
406 

406 

406 

406 

406 

: - 406 

156 (fig.), 157 
: . 406 

377 

377 

497 

407 

497 

407 

497 

497 

4°97 

497 

497 

: - 408 

165 (fig.), 166 
: . 408 

408 

408 

351 

408 

408 

408 

408 


127 (fig.), 128 
: . 409 


409 
409 
94-95 


488 


Barycnemis . 
Barydotira 
Barylypa 
Baryntica 
Barytarbes 
basifer, Rayieria 
Bathycetes 
Bathymetis 
Bathyplectes 
Bathythrix 
bellus, Parachamus 


bicolor, Athalia 
Bioblapsis 


birmanica, Athalia . 
bispina, Hydroptila . 


Blapsidotes 
Blapticus 
Boethus 
Bothynophrys 
Brachycephalus 


braconoides, Rayieria 


327 (fig.), 328 (fig.), 329 


INDEX 


409 
409 
409 
409 
409 


410 

410 

410 

; ‘ « i480 
275 (fig.), 277 (fig.), 
236 (fig.), 287 

- 357 

410 

so Qzz 

106 (fig.), 107 

<i '9GTO 

410 

410 

410 

5s EGET 

327 (fig.), 328 (fig.), 
329 (fig.), 330 


Brephoctonus : 411 
brevicornis, Athalia 361-362 
brevipennis, Anadrymadusa sw RR 
BRYOCORINAE ‘ 247-331 
buitenzorgensis, Oecetis . - 156 
Cacotropa 411 
Caenomeris ears 
CALAMOCERATIDAE 146-149 
Calliclisis Buty 
Callidiotes 411 
Callidora 411 
Calliphrurus . 411 
Camarotops . ‘ . “412 
camerunensis, Odoniella 300 (fig. ), 302 (fig.), 303 
Campodorus . : : ; ES 
Campogenes . 412 
Campoletis 412 
Camponastes 412 
Campoporus . 412 
Camporychus 412 
Camposcopus 412 
Campothreptus 412 
Campotrephus 412 
Catalytus 413 
Catastenus ong tg 
centralis, Ethiopiochamus .69-70 
cerberus, Athalia 2991376 
ceruleus, Actornithophilus 201-202 
Chaeretymma 413 
Chamaezelus . 413 
Chamerpes -) eS 
Chamopsis 282-283 
Chamus + « Mp27apaz4. 
Charitopes  , ; ‘ - 413 


cheesmanae, Chimarra 
cheesmanae, Hydropsychodes . 
cheesmanae, Leptocerus . 


115, 116 (fig.) 
142, 143 (fig.) 
152, #53 e:) 


Chirotica ; i ; ; 413 
Chorischizus . : , ; ‘ > phe 
Chriodes ; ‘ ; i 3 ee 3: 
Cidaphus ; ; : - ; ota 
circularis, Athalia . ; , ; . 365 
circularis melanoptera, Athalia ‘ - 365 
?ciuska, Notanatolica . “i : <a 
clavata, Athalia . : . : +h SR5 
Clepsiporthus - : : 414 
clypeatus, Prodromus _ 249 (fig.), 256, 257 (fig.) 
Cnemischys . ; é esate 
cochinensis, Prodromus : Dhid (fig.), 262-263 
Coeloconus . ; - 414 
colibri var. kuroiwae, Athalia : i ey ( 
Colocnema . , é : : . 415 
concors, Athalia  . ; ; ; . 366 
Conoblasta . : : a! Ngag 
conradsianus, Chamus 273 (fig.), 270, 280 (fig.), 
281 

conradti, Chamopsis 275 (fig.), 277 (fig.), 283, 
284 (fig.) 

corallina, Triaenodes 174 (fig.), 175, 176 (fig.), 
177 

cordata, Athalia . ; : : atl BOF, 
cornubiae, Athalia . : 2 ; - 370 
Cosmoconus . ; : - 415 


167 (fig.), 168, 169 (fig.), 
170 (fig.), 171 
394 (fig-), 395 


costalis, Triaenodes 


erassus, Gunopaches 


Cremnodes . ; ; ; F gS 
Cribrochamus F i ; " « 86 
eribrosus, Cribrochamus . ; : - 86-87 


erinatus, Lycidocoris 296 (fig.), 297 
crinitus, Actornithophilus 205, 206, 209 (fig.), 
218 (fig.), 221 (*8:). 223 (fig.), 234 (fig.), Pl. 4, 10 


Ctenacme . ‘ : ; - 415 
Ctenochares . A : ‘ “ - 415 
Ctenochira . : ay GES 
cuneatus, Prodromus 249 (fig.), 255 (fig.), 256 
curvicercis, Anadrymadusa_. ; PA gS | 
cuspidata, Athalia . : . 356 


eyclopica, Chimarra 108, 100 (fig.), 110 


eyclopicus, Ecnomus 134 (fig.) 
Daetora > A F ‘ ; 207g 
Daictes ; ; ; : : ges 
Dapanus ; ; ; ‘ ‘ . 416 
Daspletis : : ‘ ; ‘ 1g eee 
decorata, Athalia . ; j : . 358 
Deleter : : : ‘ ‘ . 416 
Deloglyptus . ; : : : a GEO 
Delolytus. ; 2 : : <g76 
Delomerista . : ; : ‘ . 416 
Delotomus . : ; ’ ; . 416 
Demopheles . A : .° 416 
deyrollei, Macrohammus . ‘ ~ 88 


Diaborus 

Diacritus 
Diadegma 
Diaglypta 

Dialges 

Dialipsis 

Diaparsis 
Diaschisaspis 
Diatora 
Diblastomorpha 
Diceratops 

Dicolus 

Diedrus : : 
diffusa, Pezodrymadusa : 
dilucidus, Anisocentropus 
dimidiata, Athalia . 
Dimophora 
Dinotomus 

Dioctes 

Dioratica 
Dirophanes 

dissona, Athalia 
Dizemon 
Dolioctonus . 
Dolophron 

dorsalis, Drymadusa 
Drymadusa 
Duducoris 

dulcis, Athalia 
Dysantes 

Dyspetes 


Ecclinops 
Ecpaglus 
Ecphora 
Ecporthetor . 
Ecthronomas 
Eczetesis 
Encrates 
Endasys 
Enizemum 
Enoecetis 
Ensimus 
Entelechia 
Entypoma 
Epachthes 
Eparces 
Epiphobus 
Epistathmus . 
Epitomus 
Epiurus 
Eremochila 
Eremotylus 
Eriborus 
Eridolius 
Erigloea 
Erigorgus f 
Eriplanus_, ’ ' 


INDEX 489 


417 
417 
417 
417 
417 
417 
417 
418 
418 
418 
418 
418 

. 418 
.27-28 
149 
356 
418 
418 
418 
419 
419 
374 
419 
419 
419 
7,9 

< S27 
264-265 
374 
419 
419 


419 
420 
420 
420 
420 
420 
420 
420 
420 
421 
421 
421 
421 
421 
421 
421 
421 
421 
421 
422 
422 
422 
422 
422 
422 
423 


Eriplatys ; ; ; : : - 423 
Eripternus . : : : : » 423 
Ernoctona . ; : : ; +. 423 
Eryma. : 2 A “< (A423 
erythraspides, Athalia : : , . 366 
Ethelurgus . ; : : : 423 
Eucerocoris . ; F : : 31 3-315 
Eudelus : : : ; :  h23 
Eugnomus . : : : : re ei 
Eusterinx . : ; : ‘ + 423 
Eutomus : : : : ; 1 424 
Exacrodus . : = A424 
excavata, Herbertorossia . 137, 138 (fig.) 
Exeristes ; : é é : - 424 
Exodrymadusa : ; : ; : II 
Exolytus . . “(424 
expeditionis, Hydropsychodes . ; ey) 
faleata, Chimarra 117 (fig.), 118 (fig.) 
festivus, Eucerocoris (Eucerocoris) 316 (fig.), 

319-320 
flavonotus, Prodromus 249 (fig.), 261 (fig.), 262 
flumineus, Actornithophilus’ . “, 217, Pl.4 
forcipatus, Pectinopygus ae (figs.) 
fulva, Symphitoneurina . é wo ERE 
fulviparsus, Insulochamus ‘ : QI—92 
fumosa, Athalia . i : P . 365 
furvipennis, Athalia ‘ ; : +. 376 
fuseata, Athalia_. ; : . 379 
fuscipennis fuscipennis, Ceraeocercus 39-40 
fuscipennis hindukushanus, Ceraeocercus . 41 
Gambrus 3 : : . : » 1424 
Gastroporus . ‘ : ; : - 424 
Gausocentrus : ; : : - 424 
Gemophaga . : : ; - : Aza 
Genarches . 425 


ghanaensis, Lyeidocoris 290, 291 (fig.), 266 (fig.) 
gilolensis, Notanatolica . 150 (fig.), 151 


Giraudia : : - 425 
glabricollis glabricollis, Athalia : . 362 
glabricollis meridiana, Athalia F +, 19362 
Glyphicnemis ; 5 : : 425 
Gnathochorisis : ‘ : ; . 425 
Gnesia : : é : ¢ - 425 
Gnotus F : : : F - 425 
Gnypetomorpha . é ; 425 
goliath, Holomenopon 45-49 (figs.) 
Gonolochus . : : . é 1 Aas 
Gonophonus . ; : é : - 425 
Gonotypus . : , ; . 426 
grandis, Polycentropus 121, 122 (fig.), 123 (fig.), 
124 
grisia, Pezodrymadusa . : i 27 
griseoplagiatus griseoplagiatus, Ethiopio- 
chamus.. 63-64 
griseoplagiatus leonensis, Ethioplochamus . 64 
guillarmodi, Athalia ; F i. &379 
Gunopaches . ‘ ; : : . 426 


490 INDEX 


Habromma . : : . ; - 426 
Habronyx . : , : : 926 
Hadrodactylus : : , : * 426 
Hedylus ‘ ; ‘ ; : «426 
Helcostizus . ; : 3 - 426 
hemerobioides, Oecetis : ; i 2884 
Hemiphanes . : ; 5 : - 426 
Heterocola . : ‘ : ‘ 2 g26 
Heterotypus . : : ‘ : 426 
Hidryta . : : ae Vy 
himantopus himantopus, “Athalia ‘ wggs8 
himantopus obsoleta, Athalia . ; 398 
Himerta : ‘ : 142g 
hirsutus, Actornithophilus , ; . ‘212 
Hodostates . : : P 2427 
Holmgrenia . : : ‘ ; J g27 
Holocremnus : ‘ ; ; o) 427 
Holocrepis . : ; ; . « 427 
Holomeristus : : : : s4ay 
Homalomma : - : ‘ «) 1427 
Homaspis . ; ; P : « 427 
Homelys , : s - : - 428 
Homobia . : : : ‘ s* 428 
Homotherus ‘ : 2 : 2rtge8 
Homotropus . ; : ‘ : ~ 428 
Hoplitophrys : ‘ , : EIS 
Horogenes . : : ‘ - waged 
hummeli, Athalia . ; : : . 366 
Hybophanes . ; : : ‘ 3 429 
Hybristes. ; ; ; ; 429 
HYDROPSYCHIDAE . . 135-145 
Hypamblys . : . . ‘ 429 
Hyperallus  . : ; : ‘ - 429 
Hyperbatus . 2 7 , ; - 429 
Hypocryptus ; : : - - 429 
Hypoleptus . ; . : ; s0 44290) 
Hyposoter . : : : : 20 
Hypothereutes : : ; : - 430 
Hypsathalia . ; ; : : JQgr 
Ichnaeops’ . ; : ; : - 430 
Idechthis . é : ; : - 430 
Idemum : ‘ ; 3 : {MESO 
Idiogramma . 2 ; ‘ , - 430 
Idiolispa : ? , ‘ : - 430 
Idiostolis ; : ; ‘ P - 430 
Idioxenus . : ; ; , - 430 
Ilapinastes  . ? : : ‘ - 430 
incertus, Chamus 273 (fig.), 277 (fig.), 278, 

280 (fig.) 
incisus, Duducoris . 265 (fig.), 266, 268 (fig.) 
incomta, Athalia . ‘ : i: V3GE 
indiana, Athalia 366-367 
infulatus, Lycidocoris 20%; 292 (fig.), 293, 

296 (fig.) 
inornata, Exodrymadusa . - WAALS 
Insulochamus ; = 88-89 


io, Anisocentropus . 146, 147 (fig.), 148 (fig.) 
Ipoctonus . ; ‘ sxeggT 


irrorator cinerescens, Ethiopiochamus = vi66 
irrorator irrorator, Ethiopiochamus . ete 
Isadelphus  . : - : ; 431 
Ischnobatis . “ ; ; , «| 44gt 
Ischnoscopus ‘ F . ° - 431 
Ischnurgops . 4 ‘ : ; ray? 3 
Ischyracis . P : . : seat 
Isdromas ; i , ; ; ot W4QS2 
Iselix . : : ‘ . j sh 432 
Iseropus : ; ‘ : A 21432 
Isochresta . : : ; ; <> ae 
Isodiaeta : : ; : é 432 
Tsotima : ‘ : ; : age 
Isurgus : ‘ F : : gg2 
Itamoplex . ; d - : - 432 
Itamus , $3 : é " «S335 
Ithagenes. ? . Z : sh (455 
Itoplectis ‘ : , ; ; fs! 
jafiwi, Synagapetus : « OZ 
japenensis, Goerodes aay 185 (fig.), 186-187 
japonica, Athalia . : UE S7E 
Kaltenbachia a : 7 ‘ </*-iS 
kansuensis, Athalia : , - ey 
kashmirensis, Athalia_. , ‘ . 367 
kawandanus, Prodromus 249 (fig.), 260 (fig.), 
261 

kietae, Eucerocoris (Ragwelellus) 322 (fig.), 
325-326 

kilayensis, Actornithophilus 224-226 


119, 120 (fig.) 


kokodana, Chimarra ; 
104, 105 (fig.), 106 


kokodana, Orthotrichia 


konowi, Pezodrymadusa ; : 23-24 
kurmana, Pezodrymadusa ‘ ‘ tae 
Labroctonus . : ; : : - 433 
Labrorychus . é F ; : - 433 
Labrossyta . ; ; - 434 


lacustris, Actornithophilus 
laensis, Pseudodoniella 


213 (fig.), 220, 222 
147 (fig.), 305 (fig.), 
306 (fig.), 307 


Laepserus . , * : ‘ - “434 
Lagarotis : . ‘ ‘ : seg ga 
Lamachus.. 2 ; ; : - 434 
Laphyctes  . : ; ; ‘ i 4g4 
Laphyroscopus ; F ‘ i - 434 
lata, Pezodrymadusa : , ; 24-25 
Lathiponus . ‘ ; ! - 434 
Lathrolestes . A é : : » 435 
Lathrophagus : : ; : - 435 
Lathroplex . ; : ; ? - 435 
Lathrostrizus ; ‘ : : - 435 
LEPIDOSTOMATIDAE 184-187 
LEPTOCERIDAE 2 ‘ 150-184 
Leptodemas . p ; ; : - 435 
Leptopygus . ‘ ‘ ‘ - 435 
liberta liberta, Athalia : ; 3 - 370 
liberta yanoi, Athalia_ . : : ~Ig3zo 


INDEX 


limarius, Actornithophilus 222, 233 
limbata limbata, Drymadusa . m x 9 
limpopo, Athalia_. ; ; : - 374 
Liopsis . : ; ; P “ - 435 
Listrota - : : - 435 
longispina, Triaenodes 168, 169 (fig.) 


longiterga, Oecetis . « ‘161, 162 pa 
loriai, Macronema . 135 


lugens var. camtschatica, Athalia : ee 239% 
lugens var. tristis, Athalia : : « “375 
lugéns infumata, Athalia A ; “37k 
lugens lugens, Athalia_. H : es 372 
lugens proxima, Athalia . : ; 371 
lyallpurensis, Actornithophilus 213 (fig.) 

217-219 
Lycidocoris : - 287-288 
Lymeon ; : : : : - 436 
Lysibia ; : : : : - 436 
Macrohammus : : 87-88 
maculata, Athalia . : F ‘5357 


mafulua, Diplectrona 145, 146 (fig.) 
magnifica, Pezodrymadusa : 20-21 
malagassa, Athalia : : : 1370 
mambia, Oecetis 157, 158, 159 (fig.), 160 
marginata, Oecetis . 8 (fg.), 164 (fig.) 


marshalli, Parochamus . iOS 
Mastrus : : : : : . 436 
Medophron . . 436 
mefisto, Chamus 273 (fig), 278-279, 280 (fig.) 
Megaplectes . ‘ - 436 
melanopoda, Athalia : : P ‘= 379 
mellis, Athalia : : : : 375 
melonotus, Prodromus 249 (fig.), 2 spe 
Meringopus . : : : : 436 
Mesoclistus  . : : : : - 436 
Metacoelus_ . 3 : ; : - 436 
Micromonodon : ; : . 2 436 
Micrope z : : : ; eer Sy, 
Microplectron : : : : 437. 
Microplex . : ‘ : ; - 437 
Microtorus . : 437 
mimeticus, Lycidocoris 288, 289 (fig.), 290, 

296 (fig.) 
Miomeris ‘ ; 5 ‘ : «. 9437 
Mnesidacus . x 5 : : ney ey) 
Moerophora . : ; , : 437 


mondoana, Triaenodes 
moselyi, Hydropsyche 
moselyi, Polycentropus 


173, 174 (fig.), 175 (fig-) 
- 135, 136 (fig.) 
125, 126 (fig.) 


murinus, Ethiopiochamus ‘ 64-65 
Myriarthrus . : : ; : e437 
Naetes . : ‘ 2 : : sy 1437 
Narcopoea  . ‘ : 3 : - 438 
Neales . : : : : . - 438 
Neleges : = ; ‘ : - 438 


Neleophron . : ; ‘ : - 438 


Neleothymus 

Neochamus 

Neotypus 

Nepiera 

Nepiesta : 

nigriceps, Athalia . 

nigripes, Athalia : 
nigrofasciatus, Quasiochamus : 
nigrolineata, Triaenodes . 
nigromaculata, Athalia 
niveolineata, Setodes 
Noemon : 
Notomeris 

Notosemus . 

nubifer, Ethiopiochamus . 
nubilosus, Ethiopiochamus 
Nuneches 

nyassensis gazensis, Neochamus 
nyassensis nyassensis, Neochamus 
nyassensis proximus, Neochamus 
Nythobia ; E : 
Nythophona . 

Nyxeophilus . 


obscura, Orthotrichia 


103, 104 (fig.) 


ochraceomaculatus, Ethiopiochamus a 9S 
Ocymorus ; : ‘ 439 
Odinophora . 440 
Odoniella 298-299 
Odontoneura 440 
Odontopsis 440 
Oecetis 152, 154 
Oetophorus 440 
Olesicampe . 440 
Olethrodotis . 440 
Oligoplectron 440 
Omoborus 440 
Omorgus 440 
Oneista 440 
Opidnus 441 
Opisthostenus 441 


orakaivai, Herbertorossia 

ornata, Oecetis 

ornatipennis, Anadrymadusa . 

Orthizema 

Otacustes 

othraceus, Actornithophilus 
216 (fig.), 225 (fig.), 232 

Otitochilus . ‘ ‘ 

Otlophorus 

Otoblastus 

overlaeti, Chamus . 

Oxyrrhexis 

Oxytaenia 


pacificus, Actornithophilus 
paetulus, Actornithophilus 


141 (fig.), 142 
157, 158 (fig) 
: + 38 
441 

<> Qt 

203, 204 (fig.), 
(fig.), Pl. 9, 10 
: 441 
441 

441 

281-282 

441 

442 


- 202 
233-234 


492 INDEX 


pallipes, Eucerocoris (Ragwelellus) 322 (fig.), 

324-325 
paludosus, ee 219, 220 (fig.), Pl. 5 
Pammachus . : : - 442 
Pammicra . : ; : > raeae? vi) 
Panargyrops . ‘ a) gga 
pannulatus gilmouri, Neochamus 80-81 
pannulatus pannulatus, Neochamus . 79-80 
Panteles : : : : ‘ - 442 
Pantilioforma . 297-298 
Pantisarthrus ‘ : ; j Sey. © t. 
Pantolispa. ; : : ? <4 A2 
Pantoporthus : ‘ : : - 442 
Pantorhaestes ; ‘ : F - 443 
Pantropa c : . : - 443 


papuana, Chimarra 
papuana, Percivalia 
papuana, Setodes 


110 (fig.), 111 (fig.) 
100, 101 (fig.), 102 
180 (fig.), 182, “4 (fig.) 


Parabates . : : : 443 
Parachamus . ; : : ; pwi28s 
paradoxa, Athalia . : : ; ow A ZFO 
Paraphylax . : : : : "443 
Paraplesius . : : ‘ : . *443 
Parochamus . ‘ ; : 83 


parsonsae, Rhynonirmus. 
paveli, Athalia : 357 
pedunculus, Prodromus 249 (fig.), 263 (fig.), 264 
Pemon . - 443 
perigrinus, Eucerocoris (Ragwelellus) 320-321, 
322 (fig.) 
perigrinus numanumae, Eucerocoris (Rag- 


50 (fig. ), 51-53 


welellus) : 321, 322 (fig.), 323 
pereplanus, Actornithophilus 232-233 
Perispuda. : : : : 443 
Peritaenius . ; : P A - 443 
Perosis . > : : ; : 5} 445 
Pezodrymadusa. : : : oes 
Pezolochus . : : ‘ P - 444 
Pezoporus . : ‘ : : - 444 
Phaedroctonus : ‘ : ; - 444 
Phaenolobus . - ; : : - 444 
Phaenosemus : : ‘ A - 444 
Phaestus : : : , ; - 444 
Phagesorus . 2 . F ; - 444 
Phatnacra . : : 3 444 
pheretes, Neochamus P “78-79 
Philonygmus ; : : . - 444 
PHILOPOTAMIDAE : 107-121 
Philotymma - ‘ é , - 445 
Phobetes ; ; : : - - 445 
Phobocampe . ‘ , A : » 445 
Phradis : ; : ‘ ‘ - 445 
Phrudus : : : 3 : - 445 
Phthorima . ° : : : - 445 
Phyrtus : ; ; é : - 445 
Phyzelus ? s : ‘ - 446 
picea, Dinarthropsis : : 184 
piceus, Polycentropus 128, 129 (fig.) 


Picroscopus . ; . é : - 446 


Picrostigeus . 446 
picta, Athalia 366 
pilosus, Duducoris . 267, 268 (fig.), 269 
plagiata, Tricholamia 82-83 
Plesignathus . 446 
Plesiomma 446 
Plesiophthalmus 446 
plumbeus, Ethiopiochamus 70-71 
pluto, Athalia ‘ 376 
Polyaulon 446 
POLYCENTROPODIDAE 121-132 
Polycinetis 446 
Polyclistus 447 
Polyoncus 447 
Polypystis 447 
Polyrhysia 447 
Polyterus 447 
Polytrera 447 
Polytribax 447 
Probles 448 
Procinetus 448 
Proclitus 448 
Prodromus 248-264 
productus, Synagapetus 102, 103 (fig.) 
Proedrus - 448 
Promethes ‘ , F 5 . 448 
propinguus, Eucerocoris (Ragwelellus) 323 
Prosmorus ; ‘ ; 448 
Protarchus ° 448 
proximum, Pemon . 395; 306 (fig.), 397 
przevalskyi, Hypsathalia ¢. S3ee 
Pseudodoniella : 303-305 
Psilosage - 448 
PsyCHOMYIIDAE 132-134 
Pterocormus . 1448 
pulcherrima, Adicella 180 
pulla, Athalia 377 
pullicoma, Athalia . 375 
quadridens, Terozoa 399 ,400 
Quasiochamus 92-93 
raviensis, Actornithophilus « *236 
Rayieria 326-327 
recticauda, Anadrymadusa 35-36 
retowskii, Anadrymadusa ais 
Rhadina 449 
Rhadinocera . 449 
Rhadiurgus 449 
Rhaestes 449 
Rhembobius . 449 
Rhexidermus 449 
Rhexineura 449 
Rhigelus : $ 449 
Rhimphalea . ; ‘ 450 
Rhimphoctona . 450 
Rhinotorus 450 


INDEX 493 


Rhorus F F - : - 450 
Rhythmonotus : 5 : : - 450 
rosae rosae, Athalia : ‘ z =) 2370 
rosselinus, Polycentropus ; . 130 (fig.) 
rubra, Odoniella 300 (fig.), 301, 302 (fig.) 
ruficornis, Ethiopiochamus , ; 68-69 
rufipes, Stygera- 397, 398 (fig.), 399 
rufoscutellata, Athalia . - ‘ - 358 
ruspator, Ethiopiochamus E : 74-75 


sabrona, Chimarra . 113 (fig.), 114 

sabronensis, Herbertorossia 137, 139 (fig.) 

sabulosus, Actornithophilus 209 (fig.), 211 (fig.), 
213 ees 228 ue) 220; P1./45.9 


Saotis . ; ; - 450 
Sarcorychus . : ; : : . 450 
Sathropterus : : : ‘  tA5I 
saundersi, Macronema . 3 , 7 ael35 
scabiosus, Ethiopiochamus ; é 66-68 
Schenkia ; : ; : : - 451 
Schizopoma . : =. 452 
schmidi, Chimarra . £13,112 (Ag. 243 
schoutedeni, Athalia ; 374 
schweinfurthi atripennis, Athalia ‘ . 380 
schweinfurthi schweinfurthi, Athalia - 380 
Scinacopus  . : : : ; - 451 
seioensis, Athalia . : ; P me505 
Scoparches . 2 ‘ : * 451 
Scopesis : : : : : - 451 
Scopiorus ; : . - 451 
scopularis, Actornithophilus : : - ~236 
scutellariae flammula, Athalia : - 356 
scutellariae scutellariae, Athalia , - 356 
segregis, Athalia . ‘ : : 2379 
Semnophrys . : : 451 
sessensis, Villiersicoris 3 1 a 33 12 (fig. 2313 
Sichelia : é : - 452 
sikkimensis, Athalia 2 : ; + 370 
similio, Athalia ‘ ; ‘ : =. #306 


similis, Odoniella 
similis, Polycentropus I 130, 731 (fig): 132 
simulans, Lycidocoris 294, 295 (fig.), 296 (fig.) 
Sinophorus . : ard Ge 
sinuata, Pezodrymadusa | : 2220 
sinuosa, Chimarra . 118, 119 (fig.) 
sinuosus, Polycentropus . 124 (fig.), 125 


302-303 


sjoestedti, Athalia . : : : =) 379 
Sobas . ‘ ‘ ; ; ; - 452 
Spanotecnus . : - 452 
spinarum var. orientalis, Athalia 3 ogc Ki 
spinicercis, Anadrymadusa_ : : 35 
Spinolia , : : : ; - 452 
Spudaea : : : : ; - 452 
Spudastica . 2 : : 452 
squamosa, Oecetis . I ve 155 5 (fig. ) 
Steganops . : : ; 453 
Stenomacrus . A : ‘ d . 453 
Stenoschema ; ; : ; Fits 


Sterotrichus . : : : : - 453 


Stibeutes : : : : 7 - 453 
Stiboscopus . : : 5 ; - 453 
Stilbops : : : ‘ ‘ - 453 
Stiphrosomus : : : : =. 1453 
Strepsimallus : , : ; - 454 
striata, Herbertorossia 139, 140 (fig.), 141 
striolata, Pezodrymadusa : : eed: 
Stygera . . - 397, 454 
subflavus, Prodromus 249 (fig.), 251-252 (fig.), 
253 
subfusea, Abacaria 143, 144 (fig.), 145 
subinermis, Pezodrymadusa . ‘ 21-22 
subpustulatum, Colpocephalum : “£235 
subviridis, Prodromus 249 (fig.), 257, 258 (fig), 
259 
sulcatus, Volkelius 309, 310 (fig.), 311 
suspectus, Eucerocoris (Eucerocoris) 316 (fig.), 
31 ie 19 
Sychnoleter . : ; - : 454 
Sycnoportus . : : ; : - 454 
Symboethus . 3 : : : - 454 
Sympherta . : : : ; - 454 
Symphobus . : : : : - 454 
Symphylus_ . : : : ; - 455 
Symplecis . : : 5 : - 455 
Sympratis . ; : : ‘ - 455 
Synaema : : é : , » 455 
Synagrypnus : : é : » 455 
Syndipnus. ; ; , : - 455 
Syneches ; : F : : - 455 
Synetaeris . . : : : - 455 
Synodites. : F é : . 456 
Synoecetes . : : : ; . 456 
Synomelix . ; : : ; . 456 
Synoplus : : : : ° - 456 
Syntactus. : : é : . 456 
Syrphoctonus : é : é . 456 
Syzeuctus. : : : ; - 456 
Tachyporthus i ‘ : 450 
tafana, Triaenodes . 172, 173 (fig.) 
Tapinops : : 2 é 457 
Tautozelus . , : : . Cen 57 
Teleutaea : F : : - 457 
Temelucha . : : , : 457 
Terozoa : : 309, 457 
Terpiphora . - 457 


tetralicis, Actornithophilus 206-207, 213 (fig.), 
218 (fig.), 221 (fig.), 223 (fig.), 225 (fig-), 


Pl..4,.9, 10 
Thaumatotypus. : : F rea 7. 
Theroscopus . : : : : - 457 
thetis, Eucerocoris (Eucerocoris) 316 (fig.), 317 
thomensis, Insulochamus ; ‘ 89-90 
thomsoni buea, Parochamus . A 84-85 
thomsoni thomsoni, Parochamus “ 83-84 
Thymaris : ; : : : - 458 
Thysiotorus . : , : ; - 458 
tibialis, Athalia : ; : : s 372 


494 INDEX 


tigrus, i eelan aoa ; : : » 236 
Tlemon ; A : : - 458 
Tolmerus ‘ ; 458 


totani, Actornithophilus 207 (fig.), 21 3 (fig.), 
215-217, 219 (fig.), 227 (fig.), Pl. 11 


Tranosema . : ; ; : - 458 
Trapezocora . : ’ 7 ; - 458 
Trestis . ; " ; . 458 
triangulatus, ‘Anisocentropus , - tgs 
Tricamptus . : : 2 : - 459 
Trichocalymma . ; : ; - 459 
Tricholamia . ; ¢ é : 81-82 
Tricholinum : : ‘ ; - 459 
Triclistus : ; ‘ ? < - 459 
Trisacra : . é : ; - 459 
Tromatobia . ; ; ‘ : - 459 
Tromera : : : ‘ : - 459 
Tromopoea . : 3 2 ; . 460 
Trophoctonus - : : . 460 
tropicalis, Ethloplochamus : F 71-72 
Trychosis é ; é . 460 
Trysicampe . . 461 
tuberculatus, Chamopsis 275 (fig.), 283, 284 (fig.), 

285 
tumidus, Lycidocoris 293 (f.), oe 296 (fig.) 
turneri, Athalia  . i) 8362 
Tycherus : : : . : NAOT 
Udenia ‘ . ; : > | 4OT 


ukerewensis, Kunungua : 269, 270 (fig.), 271 
ulmeri, Chimarra 114 (fig.), 115 (fig.) 
ulmeri, Synagapetus : ; : ih BOR 
Ulothymus . : . 462 
umbrinus, Actornithophilus 200 (fig.), 212, 

213 (fig.), 214-215, 225 (fig.), 234 (fig.), Pl. 6, 


7, 10 
umbrosa, Athalia . : : : 4370 
umbrosum, Colpocephalum R : + “Bhe 
unicolor, Odoniella 300 (fig.), 301 
uniformis, Lycidocoris. . , ‘ Ree tot) 
Urithreptis . : : A ; p62 


ustipennis, Athalia . ‘ : h37o 


ustulata, Triaenodes 174 (fig.), 177, 178, 


179 (fig.) 
uvarovi, Pezodrymadusa : “ 25-26 
Villiersicoris . : ‘ : : Phaabit. & 3! 
vitrina, Oestropsyche . : . “S86 
vittatus, Eucerocoris (Ragwelellus) 322 (fig.), 

323-324 
Volkelius ‘ : 307, 309 
vollenhoveni, Athalia . ; +. URao 
vollenhoveni var. infumata, Athalia : AUER (3 


wealei, Chamus 273 (fig.), 276-277, 280 (fig.) 


xantha, Athalia . : ‘ 3 - 365 
Xenacis 3 : : ‘ : - 462 
Xenobrachys ; = : : - 462 
Xenodocon . . : : je HOB 
Xenolytus . : ‘ ; ; - 462 
Xenonastes . : ; : 3 . 462 
Xenoschesis . ‘ - F 5 - 462 
Xestophyes . 4 - i ‘ + “462 
Xylophrurus . ; : ‘< s 9462 
Yangambia . F . : . a CRO” 
Zacalles 5 : : : : » 463 
Zachresta ; : . : . Ae ec 
Zaglyptus . . E : +. 463 
zanzibarica, Athalia ‘ ‘ ; sr 1362 
Zapedias : . F : ~ - 463 
Zaphthora . ‘ ‘ . ‘ 903 
Zaplethis 2 . ; ; * - 463 
Zaporus ‘ ‘ ; ; ; - 463 
Zatypota “ A ‘ ‘ z - 463 
Zemiodes P - z é : - 463 
Zemiophora . ‘ ; : 3 . 464 
Zemiophron . . ‘ p ‘ - 464 
Zetesima ‘ ; . ‘ F - 464 
Zoophthorus . ; = 2 . - 464 
Zootrephes_ . - ; A * - 464 


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+7 


tit 


4 
+ 
t 
Force 


SStiizics 
is