4.

British =“
— Ornithologists’
Club

Volume 127, No. 4
December 2007

MEETINGS are normally held in the Sherfield Building of Imperial College, South Kensington, London
SW7. The nearest Tube station is at South Kensington; a map of the area will be sent to members, on request.
(Limited car parking facilities can be reserved [at a special reduced charge of £5.00], on prior application to
the Hon. Secretary.)

The cash bar is open from 6.15 pm, and a buffet supper, of two courses followed by coffee, is served at
7.00 pm. (A vegetarian menu can be arranged if ordered at the time of booking.) Informal talks are given on
completion, commencing at about 8.00 pm.

Dinner charges are £22.50 per person (since | January 2007).

FORTHCOMING MEETINGS

See also BOC website: http://www.boc-online.org

29 January 2008—Dr Nigel Collar—Birds and people. The talk is a skitter across the man/bird interface,
glancing at myth, imagery, art, poetry, utilisation in all its aspects, services, science, values and overall
importance to human welfare and freedom, loosely based on a book of the same name being launched in
December 2007. Nigel Collar has worked for over three decades for BirdLife International, first as Chairman
of what was then the ICBP Bustard Group, then 1981—2001 as compiler of the International Bird Red Data
Book, and since 2001 as Leventis Fellow in Conservation Biology, in which capacity amongst other things
he supports PhD research on threatened birds in various parts of the tropics (Botswana, Cambodia, Peru,
Philippines), undertakes field work on threatened birds (Brazil, Ethiopia), works on taxonomic issues relat-
ing to the BirdLife world checklist of birds, and sits on advisory boards of conservation foundations in
Colombia, Monaco, Spain, UK and USA.

Applications to Hon. Secretary (address below) by 15 January 2008

11 March 2008—Lars Svensson—Warblers in the Caucasus. Lars Svensson is the author of Identification
guide to European passerines (1992), co-author of the Collins Bird Guide (1999) and Philip's guide to birds
of Britain and Europe (2007). He has written numerous identification papers in ornithological journals, and
published Soviet birds (1984; a cassette of bird voices) and Fagelsang i Sverige (1990; Bird song of Sweden,
a CD and booklet treating 90 common Swedish species). He was editor of Var Fagelvarld, the periodical of
the Swedish Ornithological Society, in 1971—74, and founded the Swedish rarities committee, being its chair-
man in 1972-86. A member of the Taxonomic Sub-Committee of the British Ornithologists’ Union since
2005, lecturer about birds, and for many years tour leader. Lars has conducted extensive taxonomic research
in museum collections and in the field. He holds an honorary doctorate from Uppsala university.

Applications to Hon. Secretary (address below) by 26 February 2008

The following dates have been selected for the remainder of 2008:

29 April—AGM and programme of mini-talks

8 July—speaker to be confirmed

23 September—Richard Price—Birds of Morocco
4 November—speaker to be confirmed

Overseas Members visiting Britain are especially welcome at these meetings, and the Hon. Secretary would
be very pleased to hear from anyone who can offer to talk to the Club giving as much advance notice as
possible—please contact: S. A. H. (Tony) Statham, Ashlyns Lodge, Chesham Road, Berkhamsted, Herts.
HP4 2ST, UK. Tel. +44 (0) 1442 876 995 (or e-mail: boc.sec@bou.org.uk).

Club Announcements 253 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Bulletin of the
BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ CLUB

Vol. 127 No. 4 Published 5 December 2007

CLUB ANNOUNCEMENTS

The Club welcomes the following new members who have recently joined the Club: Mr E. Lomruveol
(Poland), Mr M. Greco (Italy) and Ms V. Bentley (UK).

It is with regret that the deaths of the following members have been recorded: I. R. Bishop (1994 and
Committee 2003-07), Ms D. Breese (2002), J. W. Nash (1986) and T. R. Smeeton (2002).

Members are reminded that subscriptions for 2008 are due on | January and are kindly asked to check
that Standing Orders are recorded at the correct amount (£20 per annum).

The 945th meeting of the Club was held on Tuesday 10 July 2007, in the Sherfield Building Annexe,
Imperial College, London. Fourteen members and seven guests were present.

Members attending were: Cdr. M. B. CASEMENT, RN (Chairman), Miss H. BAKER, F. M.
GAUNTLETT, A. GIBBS, D. GRIFFIN, K. HERON, R. R. LANGLEY, D. J. MONTIER, P. J. OLIVER,
R. C. PRICE, P. J. SELLAR, S. A. H. STATHAM, M. J. WALTON and P. J. WILKINSON.

Guests attending were: Mrs C. R. CASEMENT, Mrs M. H. GAUNTLETT, Ms B. HAMMOND-
GIBBS, Mrs J. A. JONES, Mrs M. MONTIER, Mrs M. OLIVER and Prof. C. M. PERRINS (Speaker).

After dinner, Prof. Christopher Perrins provided a comprehensive and detailed history of Swan-
upping. Mute Swans Cygnus olor were somewhat overlooked by ornithologists for a long time, perhaps
because it was thought by some that they were introduced by Richard I after the Crusades? It is unclear
where this myth arose, but there are many subfossils in the East Anglian fens. Thus, there is every reason
to suppose the Mute Swan was well established and widespread in England before Man. In perhaps the
12th century, the Crown claimed ownership of all swans except those on private waters and appointed a
‘Master of the Swans’ whose duties were to oversee the management through a hierarchical arrangement
of regional deputies. It also gave rights of ownership to local dignitaries who had to pay for the privilege.
Since several owners could own birds on the same water, a marking system was essential and an elaborate
set of bill marks was developed and a ‘roll’ of local owners was carried at Swan-upping. Some cygnets
were taken for eating and the remainder released. At the same time they were also pinioned. So, for many
centuries, virtually all British Mute Swans were flightless. Rounding up the birds was a considerable
effort and as domesticated waterfowl became more widespread, so the impetus for Swan-upping
dwindled. Most rights to ownership ceased in the second half of the 19th century. Today only two livery
companies, the Vintners and the Dyers (who were afforded rights in 1472 and in or before 1483
respectively), and the Ilchester family, retain their rights; the latter at the colony at Abbotsbury, Dorset.

Traditional Swan-upping only occurs on the Thames where they are caught by six rowboats, two for
the Crown and two each for the Vintners and the Dyers. Nowadays, of course, none is taken for the table.
The operation monitors the health of the population and is used to educate local children. The marking
method has also changed; formerly, nicks on the side of the beak were used, but in 1997 both companies
switched to rings.

Vintners’ records date from 1723 and, while some caution is needed in interpretation, we can analyse
changes since c.1900. When numbers started to increase, it was clear that the main cause was that birds
were incomers, with most probably coming from new habitats, e.g., gravel pits in the Thames Valley.
Controls were attempted, but these were curtailed during World War II (during which many were killed
by bombing and oiling, whilst hungry people probably poached others). After the war culls were

Club Announcements 254 Bull. B.O.C. 2006 126(4)

discontinued and the population rocketed. However, within the space of c.15 years, the population
declined steeply. Only the Swan-uppers noticed and only they had the data to prove it. Lead poisoning,
largely due to swans swallowing lead angling weights, caused high mortality leading to the sale and use
of many lead weights being banned. Results have been dramatic, with the national population roughly
doubling and increases on the Thames being even larger. Nonetheless, the future holds problems: injuries
from fishing tackle remain the largest single cause of injuries, whilst collisions with overhead cables are
also an important cause of mortalities. Increasing boat traffic causes erosion of banks and leads to the
loss of submerged plants. The increased tendency to concrete the bank, farming up to the river edge, and
increased use of the bank by people all make it harder for swans to find nest sites.

Finally, it is interesting to question why the Mute Swan was not hunted to extinction? Many other
animals were, including some of the large birds, like White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, Crane Grus
grus and Great Bustard Otis tarda. Yet the Mute Swan, possibly even more vulnerable because it was
easily caught when flightless during moult, was not. By today’s standards, the Mute Swan was really
rather roughly treated, but perhaps Royal protection enabled the bird to survive?

Bull. BOC and the SCON

Since January 2007, the Hon. Editor has been pleased to welcome a new initiative: all papers introducing
a new name or nomenclatural act are reviewed by a member of the Standing Committee on
Ornithological Nomenclature (SCON) of the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), in addition
to the usual peer-review process. Given that the Bulletin is one of the primary venues for the publication
of new taxa and, especially, papers on nomenclatural issues, we view this new relationship as being of
considerable benefit to both parties. Remarks from members of the SCON have been received on the
recent paper by McAllan (Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 127: 136-145), for which see pp. 268—282 of this issue, as
well as one of the cases raised by Pacheco & Whitney (2006, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 126: 242-244). These
authors proposed that Forpus sclateri eidos Peters, 1937, be replaced by the name modestus Cabanis,
1848. This case has been a subject of discussion within the SCON and, whilst Pacheco & Whitney are
correct in their assertion, the supporting Article 57.8.1 of the ICZN Code, which states ‘Homonymy
between identical species-group names in combination (originally or subsequently) with homonymous
generic names having the same spelling but established for different nominal genera (Art. 53.2) is to be
disregarded’, was not cited in explanation. Authors of such papers will, in future, be expected to include
reference to the specific articles in the Code that apply to the case at hand and support their conclusions.
It is a requirement that the members of the SCON’s review panel will ensure is met. The 12 members of
the SCON are: Dr Per Alstro6m (Sweden), Prof. Walter J. Bock (USA and Commissioner, International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature), Dr Richard C. Banks (USA), Edward Dickinson (UK),
Robert Dowsett (representing Africa), Mary LeCroy (USA), Dr Michel Louette (Belgium), Prof.
Hiroyuki Morioka (Japan), Dr Christiane Quaisser (Germany), Dr Richard Schodde (Australia and Chair
of the SCON), Dr Frank Steinheimer (Germany) and Dr Carlo Violani (Italy)—THE EpIror.

REFEREES

I am grateful to the following, who have reviewed manuscripts submitted to the Bulletin during the last
year (those who refereed more than one manuscript are denoted by an asterisk in parentheses): Mark P.
Adams, Adrian Azpiroz, Richard Banks, Walter J. Bock, Walter E. Boles, Murray Bruce, Daniel Cadena
(*), Santiago Claramunt, Charles Collins, Edward C. Dickinson (*), Bob Dowsett (*), Jon Fjeldsa (*),
Luiz P. Gonzaga, Steven Gregory (*), Bennett Hennessey, Julian Hume, Johan Ingels, Morton & Phyllis
Isler, Alvaro Jaramillo, Michael C. Jennings, Kevin P. Johnson, Allan Keith, Michel Louette, Francisco
Mallet-Rodrigues, Storrs Olson (*), Fernando Pacheco, David Parkin, Mark Pearman, Alan Peterson (*),
Richard Porter, Marcos Raposo (*), Pamela C. Rasmussen, Van Remsen (*), Mark Robbins (*), Colin
Ryall, Peter Ryan, Thomas S. Schulenberg, Luis Fabio Silveira, David Snow, Frank Steinheimer, Lars
Svensson, Joseph Tobias, Darius Tubelis, Don Turner, David Wells, Bret M. Whitney and Kevin J.
Zimmer (*).—THE EDITOR

Thomas M. Donegan 255 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

A new species of brush finch
(Emberizidae: Atlapetes) from the
northern Central Andes of Colombia

by Thomas M. Donegan

Received 11 May 2007; final revision recetved 4 October 2007

Brush finches Atlapetes are Neotropical passerines which achieve greatest diversity
in the Andes and whose taxonomy and ecology have received considerable recent
attention. Several species are restricted to particular elevations, mountains or slopes
(Remsen & Graves 1995). Even recently, At/apetes taxa new to science have been
described (Fitzpatrick 1980, Remsen 1993, Valqui & Fyjeldsa 1999, Donegan &
Huertas 2006), and one species thought possibly extinct was rediscovered (Agreda
et al. 1999). Other populations, such as those in the Serrania de Perija (Donegan &
Huertas 2006) and A. tricolor taxa (Garcia-Moreno & Fjeldsa 1999), demand further
study.

The Central Andes is the oldest and highest of Colombia’s three principal
Andean ranges and a major centre of avian endemism (Stattersfield et al. 1998).
During the 19th and 20th centuries, several bird collectors were active in this
cordillera, particularly near Colombia’s second-largest city, Medellin, and the
coffee-growing region around Manizales and Pereira. Such collectors (per Cuervo
et al. 2001) included: T. K. Salmon (1872-78: Sclater & Salvin 1879), M. A.
Carriker (1941-53: see Graves 1988, 1997), K. von Sneidern (1938-52: Fjeldsa &
Krabbe 1990), M. A. Serna (1971-91: Sociedad Antioquena de Ornitologia [SAO]
2003) and participants of several American Museum of Natural History expeditions
(Chapman 1917). Over the last decade, the northern Central Andes has been a focus
for ornithological research and conservation efforts, due to the activities of SAO
members, research and collecting efforts led by T. Cuadros, A. M. Cuervo et al. at
the Universidad de Antioquia (e.g. Cuervo et al. 2005), and expeditions and
conservation work by Fundacion ProAves (e.g. Salaman et al. 2002, Quevedo et al.
2006, Salaman et al. 2007b), amongst others. The Central Andes have yielded
several new bird species in recent years (Robbins et al. 1994, Graves 1997, Cuervo
et al. 2005, Krabbe et al. 2005), including one found to date only in the
northernmost section in dpto. Antioquia (Cuervo et a/. 2001), with a further taxon
from the same region awaiting formal description (cf. Salaman et al. 2007a).

Methods

In 2004—05, during research for the description of Atlapetes latinuchus yariguierum
(Donegan & Huertas 2006), I inspected specimens of all Colombian At/apetes in
various South American and European collections, including all A. schistaceus taxa
in the following institutions: Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional,
Bogota (ICN); Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva (I[AvH); Museo de

Thomas M. Donegan 256 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

la Universidad de la Salle, Bogota (MLS); Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad
Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga (UIS); the Phelps Collection, Caracas (COP);
Natural History Museum, Tring (NHM); University Museum of Zoology,
Cambridge, UK (UMZC); and Museum d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris IMNHN). I was
provided with details of Atlapetes specimens held at all other collections holding
Colombian birds by Project Biomap. James Dean and Andrés Cuervo inspected
specimens at the only other museums in which Antioquian A. schistaceus are found:
the Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC (NMNH) and Museo del Colegio San
José, Universidad de la Salle, Medellin, Colombia (MCSJ) respectively. Specimens
consulted are listed in Donegan & Huertas (2006), with the addition of all NHM
material of southern grey Atlapetes taxa: A. nationi, A. seebhomi, A. seebhomi
simonsi, A. leucopterus, A. schistaceus taczanowskii, A. rufigenis and A. forbesi, and
MCSJ specimens discussed further below.

Three specimens labelled Atlapetes schistaceus (Slaty Brush Finch), probably
all collected at a Universidad de la Salle retreat called La Lana, near San Pedro de
los Milagros, in the northern Central Andes of dpto. Antioquia, are clearly not of that
species. Although sharing the greyish plumage of A. schistaceus, they exhibit a
reduced moustachial stripe and have a paler mantle, underparts and crown.

Jorge Avendafio, Blanca Huertas and I conducted four days of field work at La
Lana in January 2007. We erected up to 18 mist-nets in the largest remnant forest in
the vicinity and made observations using playback of At/apetes in other habitats and
at other elevations (2,500—2,800 m). Andrés Cuervo spent one day searching the
area in September 2006 and Juan David Ramirez made further visits in 2006. None
of these searches, nor other observations in the Medellin region by SAO observers
over the last two decades (SAO 2003), have resulted in any observations of the
undescribed taxon. However, multiple observations and one mist-net capture of
Rufous-naped Brush Finch A. latinuchus elaeoprorus and an observation of Slaty
Brush Finch A. s. schistaceus were made. These two species are also found in 20th
century La Lana collections.

Description of new species

A. schistaceus was described from early Bogota skins by Boissoneau (1840). It
remains rather common in the hills overlooking Colombia’s capital (ABO 2000) and
the nominate subspecies also occurs in the Central and West Andes (Paynter 1972).
Other subspecies of A. schistaceus in Colombia are found in the Tama massif, on the
Colombian/Venezuelan border (tamae), and the Perija Mountains (fumidus). The
description of A. schistaceus is of a bird with strong moustachial markings
(Boissoneau 1840). The two other subspecies, in the north-east of the country, share
the same facial pattern, but differ in mantle and crown plumage darkness, lack of a
speculum and in having more extensive black on the forehead. Of the two forms
labelled A. schistaceus in Colombian museums, it is therefore the pale Antioquia
population that is undescribed. Given recent findings of genetic differences,
morphological variation and lack of intergradation between allopatric and sympatric

Thomas M. Donegan 2D, Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Atlapetes populations in the Andes (see below), a hitherto undescribed species is
clearly involved. I propose to name it:

Atlapetes blancae sp. nov.
Antioquia Brush Finch
Gorrion-Montés Paisa

Type specimens.—Holotype.—ICN 19015, unsexed and undated, collected at San
Pedro, Antioquia, from the collection of Hermano Daniel and labelled ‘A.
schistaceus subsp.’, with no further data (Fig. 3). Paratypes—1. MCSJ 0242, an
adult male collected by Hermano Marco Antonio Serna, at San Pedro, Antioquia, on
10 June 1971. 2. MLS 7553, also from ‘Antioquia’ (unsexed, undated, no further
locality or collection details). Serna’s handwritten notes state that the MSCJ skin
had ‘very developed testicles’ and thus is apparently an adult male. The MLS skin
is labelled ‘A. schistaceus joven’ (young). However, no ossification data are
presented and this assignment may have represented an attempt to explain its
different plumage from A. schistaceus. It is probable that all three types were
collected near Universidad de la Salle’s seminary outside San Pedro de los Milagros
in the Central Andes of dpto. Antioquia.

Diagnosis.—The new species is a typical large nine-primaried finch of the genus
Atlapetes, sharing certain characters with A. schistaceus, including overall greyish
plumage, a rufous crown and (narrow) moustachial stripe (Paynter 1972, 1978). It
differs from all A. schistaceus taxa in its paler grey back, underparts and flanks,
weaker moustachial stripe, paler and broader band of rufous in the crown, greyish
not white supraloral markings, longer culmen and, from some subspecies (including
populations of A. schistaceus in Antioquia), by the lack of contrast between the
throat and rest of the underparts.

A. blancae is distinguished from the subspecies of A. latinuchus in the region (A.
l. elaeoprorus) by its greyish (not yellow) underparts and supraloral markings, paler
grey back and paler rufous crown. It differs from White-winged Brush Finch 4.
leucopterus taxa by its longer wings and tail, darker rufous crown, more uniform
grey underparts (less contrasting melanism on the flanks), lacking or reduced white
wing speculum and from individuals of some subspecies in lacking black on the
forehead or white patches on the head. A. /eucopterus occurs in northern Peru and
throughout Ecuador, and is apparently spreading slowly north (Ridgely &
Greenfield 2001), but has yet to be recorded in Colombia (Salaman et al. 2007a).

A. blancae can be separated from its congeners in the Central Andes—Dusky-
headed Brush Finch A. fuscoolivaceus, Yellow-headed Brush Finch A. flaviceps and
White-throated Brush Finch A. albinucha—by its rufous crown patch, lack of
yellowish tones and monochrome wings, body and tail. No At/apetes found to date
in Colombia closely resembles A. blancae in plumage.

Thomas M. Donegan 258 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

A. blancae superficially resembles various other grey southern Atlapetes species
(in addition to A. /eucopterus). It differs from Rufous-eared Brush Finch A. rufigenis
and Apurimac Brush Finch A. forbesi of Peru in having only the crown (not other
parts of the head) rufous, weaker moustachial and supraloral markings, and greyer
underparts; from Rusty-bellied Brush Finch A. nationi and Bay-crowned Brush
Finch A. seebhomi in its paler crown (except A. s. simonsi), lack of rufous in the
vent, greyer underparts (except A. nationi) and lack of black chin or strong
moustachial; and from Pale-headed Brush Finch A. pallidiceps and White-headed
Brush Finch A. albiceps by its lack of white on the face and red crown, amongst
other features.

Description of the holotype.—Capitalised colour nomenclature and numbers herein
follow Munsell Color (1977, 2000). Crown uniform rufous (closest to 2.5YR 3/6 but
paler) with no dark markings on forehead, and not strongly demarcated, with some
rufous feathering on the upper mantle. (Such demarcation of the crown and mantle
is individually variable in several Atlapetes: Vellinga et al. 2004, Huertas &
Donegan 2006.) Mask jet black (not coded), with ear-coverts greyish (Gley 1 4/N).
Mantle, wing-coverts and alula grey, tinged brownish (7.5YR 3.5/1), flight-feathers
and rectrices darker dorsally (7.5YR 2.5/1), with concealed white (Gley 1 8/1)
speculum at base of pp4—6, extending to just below tip of greater coverts.
Underparts pale grey (Gley | 7/N), washed slightly darker on flanks (Gley 1 5/N),
with darkish but indistinct moustachial extending c.15 mm from base of bill (closest
to Gley 1 3/N). Short but relatively broad line or crescent of pale grey (Gley 1 7/N)
feathering on supraloral (broadly similar in size and extent to A. /. elaeoprorus; cf.
larger supraloral spot in A. schistaceus). Bill and tarsus apparently dark horn, as in
congeners. Relatively deep emarginations on at least pp8—5 (from innermost,
following Proctor & Lynch 1993), but in wing moult, thus difficult to determine.
Fresh outermost primaries, 9, 8 (almost fully emerged) 7 and emergent 6.
Measurements (mm): wing chord 75; tail 74; tarsus 26.0; culmen (from tip of upper
mandible to skull) 15.0. The brownish tones, shorter culmen compared to the
paratypes and wing moult suggest a subadult moulting to adult plumage. Brownish
and greenish tones are features of the mantle of juveniles or subadults of other
northern Atlapetes, e.g. A. latinuchus yariguierum and A. |. elaeoprorus (Donegan
& Huertas 2006). Holotype status is assigned to the ICN skin due to the superior
type specimen collection and curation facilities at ICN, despite the holotype being
not fully adult and the less complete locality data and lack of collection date. There
can be little doubt that all three skins originate from the same ‘San Pedro’ and no
doubt that they are of the same species.

Variation in the series —MCSJ 0242 has a white speculum, formed by basal
markings to pp4—7, which are less broad than in A. s. schistaceus, A. 1. elaeoprorus
or A. leucopterus. No brownish tones are present on the underparts, except a wash
to the throat. The mantle appears from photographs to be darker (slate) grey than the

Thomas M. Donegan 259 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Figure 1. Plate by Robin Restall of (top to bottom) Atlapetes latinuchus elaeoprorus adult (left) and
juvenile (right); A. blancae sp. nov. adult (left) and juvenile (right); and A. schistaceus schistaceus adult
(left) and juvenile (right).

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Thomas M. Donegan

aran

G SHS eRapas
i Steg
:

Thomas M. Donegan 261 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

other specimens. A few scattered rufous feathers are present over the grey
supraloral. Measurements (mm): wing-chord 79, tail 77, tarsus 24.2, culmen 17.8.
MLS 7553 differs from the holotype in having no strong brownish tones to the back
or underparts, except a few markings in the moustachial area (Fig. 2). It lacks a
white speculum. Measurements (mm): wing-chord 79; tail 78; tarsus 27.0; culmen
16.0. The overall less brownish tones of the paratypes and larger size suggest they
are adults, and the holotype a subadult. Probable age-related variation in mantle
coloration, similar to that shown here, is evident in various A. latinuchus taxa
(Donegan & Huertas 2006). The presence of a speculum on just one of the
specimens is intriguing. Individual and inter-population variation in speculum size
also occurs in A. latinuchus spodionotus (Paynter 1972, Vellinga et al. 2004), and in
a contact zone between A. schistaceus tamae and A. s. schistaceus (Donegan &
Huertas 2006).

Remarks.—The three A. blancae specimens appear unlikely to represent an
undescribed plumage of any known species. No Atlapetes is known to be strongly
sexually dimorphic and the immature plumages of all species present in the northern
Central Andes have been described. For example, juvenile A. /. elaeoprorus is
similar to adults, but has greenish-olive tones on the back (Donegan & Huertas
2006). The hypothesis that A. blancae could represent juvenile A. s. schistaceus can
be discounted as the MCSJ paratype is an adult male in breeding condition. Juvenile
or subadult A. s. schistaceus in collections (n=11 of 87 skins examined), including
from the East, Central and West Andes, are essentially similar to adults, but exhibit
dark breast and belly streaking (Figs. 1 and 3; Restall et al. 2006), quite different
from A. blancae.

Geographical variation in A. schistaceus cannot account for the plumage of A.
blancae. No significant morphological differences, beyond average size and,
possibly, some darkening of the crown and mantle in the Central and West Andes,
are evident in A. schistaceus. Chapman (1917) noted that ‘specimens [of A.
schistaceus| from the Western and Central Andes average slightly larger than those
from the Eastern’, a proposition weakly supported by data presented herein
(Appendix), but declined to describe any further subspecies within A. s. schistaceus
due to the minor nature of any such variation.

Hybridisation between A. /. elaeoprorus and A. s. schistaceus, the other
congeners known from the type locality, is improbable given the existence of three
specimens and that A. blancae shows plumage features not found in either of those
taxa (particularly its crown and mantle plumage, and speculum size). Similar

Figure 3 (opposite page). Dorsal and ventral views of, left to right: 4. /atinuchus elaeoprorus (ICN
20169; San Antonio de Piedras, Antioquia, April 1967); A. blancae holotype (ICN 19015); A. s.
schistaceus (ICN 26220; Central Andes, Parque Nacional Natural Nevado del Huila, Paéz, Cauca, 31
October 1980); A. s. schistaceus (ICN 35012; West Andes, Paramillo National Park, Antioquia, 8 July
2004); A. s. schistaceus juvenile (ICN 22322; East Andes, Choachi, Cundinamarca, 27 May 1974) (T. M.
Donegan)

Thomas M. Donegan 262 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

principles suggest that A. blancae does not represent an undescribed colour morph
of A. schistaceus or A. latinuchus. Neither a simple yellow to grey pigmentation
switch (from A. /. elaeoprorus) nor a reduction in the moustachial marking (from A.
s. schistaceus) could explain all of the morphological features exhibited by A.
blancae. Surveys in the type locality region did not reveal any unusual plumages
amongst 4. /. elaeoprorus or A. s. schistaceus, nor are such aberrations evident in
specimens from any region.

The description of a taxon based on three specimens without vocal or molecular
data might be considered controversial. However, no other plausible hypothesis
could explain the three specimens discussed herein. Evidence to recognise A.
blancae appears equal to or stronger than that for other recently described and
widely recognised species based on no or few field data, e.g. Bogota Sunangel
Heliangelus zusii (Graves 1993), Parker’s Antbird Cercomacra parkeri (Graves
1997; since studied in the field) and Nechisar Nightjar Caprimulgus solala (Safford
et al. 1995).

Distribution and conservation.—The collection locality of all three A. blancae
specimens is probably close to Universidad de la Salle’s seminary at La Lana,
vereda Llano de Ovejas, near San Pedro de los Milagros, Antioquia, which is listed
in Paynter & Traylor (1981) as “La Lana’: 06°23’N, 75°37’ W. Over the past century,
the Catholic brothers of Universidad de la Salle have maintained a small country
retreat, principally for cattle farming and religious meetings, but with a few hectares
of forest and second growth. Llano de Ovejas is a small plateau, at 2,400—2,800 m.
The surrounding region has been largely converted to pasture for milk production
and commercial flowers though various small forest fragments (c.5—10%) remain.
One of the largest remnants is on a small ridge in the centre of the plateau, at
c.2,650-2,800 m, and is protected as a watershed by Sr. José Leon,
CORANTIOQUIA, the municipality of San Pedro de los Milagros and Universidad
del Salle. This patch was the main focus of our field work but no A. blancae were
found there.

A. latinuchus elaeoprorus, A. s. schistaceus and A. albinucha also occur in the
northern Central Andes in Antioquia (Hilty & Brown 1986, Ridgely & Tudor 1989,
Fjeldsa & Krabbe 1990, Remsen & Graves 1995, Cuervo et al. 1999, Donegan &
Salaman 1999, SAO 2003, Donegan & Huertas 2006). The two former taxa were
found at La Lana during recent field work and are represented in mid-20th century
collections from the type locality (MLS and MCSJ). A. L. elaeoprorus is not
uncommon in forest, forest borders and scrub at 2,550—2,780 m in La Lana and
occurs at lower elevations in the adjacent Valle de Aburra above Medellin (SAO
2003). A. schistaceus was observed only at 2,800 m at La Lana and occurs only at
high elevations in the region, with specimens from Santa Rosa de Osos and La Lana
(Remsen & Graves 1995, MLS, MCSJ and NMNH specimens). A. albinucha occurs
at lower elevations (generally below 2,200 m) in the wider region (Remsen &
Graves 1995, Cuervo et al. 1999, Donegan & Salaman 1999, SAO 2003).

Thomas M. Donegan 263 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Remsen & Graves’ (1995) data on At/apetes distributions from the northern
section of the Central Andes suggest a gap at premontane elevations on both slopes
between 1,500 m and 2,500 m, above which A. schistaceus and A. latinuchus
elaeoprorus occur and below which A. albinucha is found. However, we now know
that A. albinucha occurs at higher elevations and A. /. elaeoprorus lower than
Remsen & Graves (1995) indicated (SAO 2003), thus A. blancae does not
completely fill this ‘gap’. Elevational replacements appear less strongly marked in
the genus Af¢lapetes in secondary habitats. For example, up to three Atlapetes occur
at the same site, at 2,000 m, in Serrania de los Yariguies in the East Andes (Donegan
et al. 2007). Various other, more plausible, hypotheses for the status and distribution
of A. blancae emerge: (1) A. blancae persists at La Lana but is rare or occurs only
in microhabitats not studied to date. Rapid assessment field work of the type
undertaken at La Lana in other localities has produced records of >90% of resident
species found during subsequent longer term ProAves projects (93 bird species
being recorded in our La Lana study), and such projects led to the description of
various other new bird taxa (e.g. Cuervo et a/. 2001, Salaman ef a/. 2003, Donegan
& Huertas 2006). Various local people, amongst them amateur bird enthusiasts,
identified A. latinuchus from plates and one—who took us to the site of our
observation of the species—identified A. schistaceus, but no-one recognised our
photographs of A. blancae specimens. Therefore, whilst searches should continue in
this region, other hypotheses as to distribution should be considered. (2) A. blancae
occurs nearby, but not at, La Lana. For instance, A. schistaceus was observed only
at 2,800 m at La Lana, c.1 hour’s walk from the seminary, where it was uncommon,
but is represented by a specimen from the region, suggesting that ‘San Pedro’ and
‘La Lana’ specimens may have been collected over a wider area than merely the
seminary grounds. The paramos north-west of San Pedro and valleys to the north
merit additional searching. (3) Given the extent and recent nature of deforestation in
the environs of the type locality, and presence of A. latinuchus elaeoprorus in all
secondary and forest border habitats, it is possible that A. blancae is locally extinct.
By way of analogy, Pale-headed Brush Finch A. pallidiceps went undetected for
many years despite specific searches, but was eventually rediscovered (Agreda et al.
1999). Hopefully, A. blancae will also be found again.

A. blancae is best categorised as Critically Endangered under category D1, with
a precautionary population estimate of <50 mature individuals, consistent with other
bird species on the IUCN Red List for which no population is known, threats are
intense, but hope remains for survival (S. H. M. Butchart in /itt. 2007).

Etymology.—tThe new species is dedicated to my beloved wife, Blanca Huertas,
whose first name is formed as a first declension Latin feminine noun and declined
in the genitive singular for the epithet. Blanca’s companionship in the field and
museum, as well as fund-raising, have contributed in no small part to the present
work; this description also honours her contributions to Colombian lepidopterology,
conservation and education.

Thomas M. Donegan 264 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

The name ‘Antioquia’ refers to the region where the new species is found.
Following English name guidelines developed by Gill & Wright (2006), the
alternative adjectival form ‘Antioquian’ is not available due to current usage of
Antioquia Bristle Tyrant for Phylloscartes lanyoni. The Spanish name ‘Paisa’ is
used in Colombia to describe people and places of Antioquia, the provenance of A.
blancae.

The proposed name A. blancae coincidentally alludes to the new species’
distinctive plumage character, its overall paler plumage compared to A. schistaceus.
‘Blanca’ is Spanish for ‘white’ in the feminine form, though this root is not the
etymology of the name blancae.

Discussion

Although its overall greyish plumage might suggest that A. blancae 1s related to A.
schistaceus following Paynter (1978), it might be more closely related to taxa in the
yellow-breasted A. latinuchus complex or White-winged Brush Finch 4A.
leucopterus. Morphological analyses (Paynter 1972, 1978) held A. schistaceus and
A. rufinucha (including A. latinuchus) to be delimited largely by the presence of
grey or yellow underparts. However, Remsen & Graves (1995) suggested that
various geographically close taxa with alternating grey and yellow underparts are
more closely related to one another than to more geographically distant taxa with
similar underparts, a hypothesis with some molecular support (Garcia-Moreno &
Fjeldsa 1999).

Very conservatively and following flawed past taxonomic treatments for the
genus (e.g. Paynter 1978), A. blancae could be considered a subspecies of A.
leucopterus, which it resembles superficially in plumage and which has an allopatric
but distant distribution. However, biometric differences between the northernmost,
nominate subspecies of A. Jeucopterus and A. blancae are substantial (Appendix: A.
leucopterus being an unusually small Atlapetes: Paynter 1972, Fitzpatrick 1980),
whilst the ranges of the two are separated by over 600 km, suggesting long-term
isolation. A. blancae and A. leucopterus are probably not closely related. Rather,
parapatric or sympatric Atlapetes latinuchus elaeoprorus would appear more likely
to be A. blancae’s closest relative.

A. Il. elaeoprorus and A. blancae differ in just two of the morphological
characters used in Donegan & Huertas’ (2006) phylogenetic analysis of Atlapetes:
absence/presence of grey plumage on underparts and extent of white speculum
(visible/none or vestigal). A. s. schistaceus and A. blancae differ in breadth of
moustachial stripe; presence/absence of paler feathering on the throat; and size of
supraloral spot (three characters). A. blancae differs from nominate A. leucopterus
in the size of the speculum and melanism of the flanks (two characters, plus
apparently diagnosable tail- and wing-lengths). Other differences between 4A.
blancae and these sympatric or parapatric species, e.g. crown and mantle colour, and
biometrics, were not coded by Donegan & Huertas (2006) due to assumed non-
discrete variation in the taxa studied therein.

Thomas M. Donegan 265 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Examining first differences from A. /. elaeoprorus, the switch from grey to
yellow underparts among At/apetes species has apparently occurred multiple times
in the Andes (Remsen & Graves 1995, Garcia-Moreno & Fjeldsa 1999), whilst
speculum size varies among some Aflapetes populations and is rather plastic
(Donegan & Huertas 2006). Conversely, moustachial and supraloral differences,
such as those between A. blancae and A. s. schistaceus represent principal
differences between some current and proposed species-level taxa (Donegan &
Huertas 2006). That A. blancae’s plumage is broadly similar to A. /eucopterus of
Ecuador could reflect a parallel grey / yellow plumage switch in different regions.

A. blancae is described at species level on the basis of: three specimens which
discount other possible hypotheses; its substantial morphological differences from
sympatric or parapatric Atlapetes in the region; disjunct range from A. /eucopterus
and biometric differences; and lack of evidence of intergradation with sympatric or
parapatric taxa. The apparent presence of A. blancae, A. schistaceus and A. I.
elaeoprorus at the same locality (at least until the 1970s) suggests that all could be
treated specifically under a modern Biological Species Concept (Helbig et al. 2002),
and thus most or all other species concepts in current use.

Acknowledgements

Blanca Huertas provided comments on the manuscript and assisted with museum and field research.
Jorge Avendano and José Pinto also participated in field work at San Pedro. Robin Restall kindly painted
the beautiful plate. Andrés Cuervo inspected the MCSJ collection, found, measured and photographed
one of the paratypes and made a reconnaissance of the San Pedro type locality. Juan David Ramirez made
various searches for the new species at La Lana. Jorge Léon, Jaime Pelaez Franco and families provided
accommodation and comments on the birds of San Pedro and assisted the field work. ProAves supported
field work financially and institutionally. F. Gary Stiles (ICN), Roque Casallas & Arturo Rodriguez
(MLS), and MCSJ staff provided access to collections where specimens of the new species were found.
Robert Pris-Jones, Mark Adams & Douglas Russell (NHM), Enrique Castillo & Fernando Forero
(IAvH), Jean-Francois Voisin (MNHN), Miguel Lentino (COP), José Gregorio Moreno Patifio (UIS) and
Ray Symonds (UMZC) provided access to specimens at other museums, and James Dean proffered
details of specimens at the Smithsonian Institution. Paul Salaman provided data from Project Biomap;
and Jorge Avendano, Stuart Butchart, Blanca Huertas, Jon Fjeldsa, Michel Louette, J. V. Remsen, Paul
Salaman and two anonymous reviewers commented on the manuscript.

References:

Agreda, A., Krabbe, N. & Rodriguez, O. 1999. Pale-headed Brush-finch Atlapetes pallidiceps is not
extinct. Cotinga 11: 50—54.

Asociacion Bogotana de Ornitologia (ABO). 2000. Aves de la Sabana de Bogota, guia de campo. ABO,
Bogota.

BirdLife International. 2004. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International,
Cambridge, UK.

Boissonneau, M. 1840. Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa Fé de Bogota. Rev. Zool. 3: 69.

Chapman, F. M. 1917. The distribution of bird-life in Colombia. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 36: 1-728.

Cuervo, A. M., Cadena, C. D., Krabbe, N. & Renjifo, L. M. 2005. Scytalopus stilesi, a new species of
tapaculo (Rhinocryptidae) from the Cordillera Central of Colombia. Auk 122: 445-463.

Cuervo, A. M., Ochoa, J. M., Delgado, C. & Palacio, J. A. 1999. Evaluacion de la avifauna y de la masto-
fauna del proyecto de reserva regional La Forzosa, Municipio de Anori, Departamento de Antioquia.
Unpubl. report. Corporacion Aut6noma Regional del Centro de Antioquia.

Thomas M. Donegan 266 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Cuervo, A. M., Salaman, P. G. W., Donegan, T. M. & Ochoa, J. M. 2001. A new species of piha
(Cotingidae: Lipaugus) from the Cordillera Central of Colombia. /bis 143: 353-368.

Donegan, T. M., Avendanio-C., J. E., Bricefio E. R. & Huertas, B. C. 2007. Bird range extensions and tax-
onomic notes from Serrania de los Yariguies, Colombia’s new national park. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 127:
172-213.

Donegan, T. M. & Huertas, B. C. 2006. A new brush-finch in the Atlapetes latinuchus complex
(Passeriformes: Emberizinae) from the Yariguies mountain range and adjacent Eastern Cordillera of
Colombia. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 126: 94-116.

Donegan, T. M. & Salaman, P. G. W. (eds.) 1999. Rapid biodiversity assessments and conservation in
northeast Antioquia and the Churumbelos highlands. Colombian EBA Project Rep. Ser. 2:
Www.proaves.org.

Fitzpatrick, J. W. 1980. A new race of Atlapetes leucopterus, with comments on widespread albinism in
A. |. dresseri (Yaczanowskii). Auk 97: 883-887.

Fjeldsa, J. & Krabbe, N. 1990. Birds of the high Andes. Zool. Mus., Univ. of Copenhagen & Apollo
Books, Svendborg.

Garcia-Moreno, J. & Fjeldsa, J. 1999. Re-evaluation of species limits in the genus Atlapetes based on
mtDNA sequence data. /bis 141: 199-207.

Gill, F. & Wright, M. 2006. Birds of the world: recommended English names. Princeton Univ. Press.

Graves, G. R. 1988. Phylloscartes lanyoni, a new species of bristle-tyrant (Tyrannidae) from the lower
Cauca Valley of Colombia. Wilson Bull. 100: 529-534.

Graves, G. R. 1993. Relic of a lost world: a new species of sunangel (Trochilidae: Heliangelus) from
“Bogota”. Auk 110: 1-8.

Graves, G. R. 1997. Colorimetric and morphometric gradients in Colombian populations of Dusky
Antbirds (Cercomacra tyrannina), with a description of a new species. Pp. 21-36 in Remsen, J. V.
(ed.) Studies in Neotropical ornithology honoring Ted Parker. Orn. Monogr. 48.

Helbig, A. J., Knox, A. G, Parkin, D. T., Sangster, G & Collinson, M. 2002. Guidelines for assigning
species rank. Jbis 144: 518-525.

Hilty, S. L. & Brown, W. L. 1986. A guide to the birds of Colombia. Princeton Univ. Press.

Krabbe, N., Salaman, P., Cortés, A., Quevedo, A., Ortega, L. A. & Cadena, C. D. 2005. A new species of
Scytalopus tapaculo from the upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 125: 93-108.

Munsell Color. 1977. Munsell® color charts for plant tissues. GretagMacbeth LLC, New York.

Munsell Color. 2000. Munsell® soil color charts. GretagMacbeth LLC, New York.

Paynter, R. A. 1972. Biology and evolution of the Atlapetes schistaceus species-group (Aves:
Emberizinae). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 143: 297-320.

Paynter, R. A. 1978. Biology and evolution of the avian genus Atlapetes (Emberizinae). Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool. 148: 323-369.

Paynter, R. A. & Traylor, M. A. 1981. Ornithological gazetteer of Colombia. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
Cambridge, MA.

Proctor, N. S. & Lynch, P. J. 1993. Manual of ornithology: avian structure and function. Yale Univ. Press,
New Haven, CT & London, UK.

Quevedo, A., Salaman, P., Mayorquin, A., Valle, H. M., Osorno, N., Solarte, C., Reinoso, R., Sanabria,
J., Caranton, D., Diaz, D., Osorno, G & Verhelst, J. C. 2006. Loros amenazados de la cordillera cen-
tral de Colombia: una iniciativa de conservacion basada en la investigacion y en la educacion ambi-
ental. Conserv. Colombiana 1: 9-20.

Remsen, J. V. 1993. Zoogeography and geographic variation of Atlapetes rufinucha (Aves: Emberizinae)
including a distinctive new subspecies, in southern Peru and Bolivia. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 106:
429-435.

Remsen, J. V. & Graves, W. S. 1995. Distribution patterns and zoogeography of Atlapetes brush-finches
(Emberizinae) of the Andes. Auk 112: 210-224.

Remsen, J. V., Cadena, C. D., Jaramillo, A., Nores, M., Pacheco, J. F., Robbins, M. B., Schulenberg, T.
S., Stiles F. G., Stotz, D. F. & Zimmer, K. J. 2007. A classification of the bird species of South
America (version | October 2007). www.museum.|su.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline. html.

Thomas M. Donegan 267 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Restall, R., Rodner, C. & Lentino, M. 2006. Birds of northern South America. Christopher Helm,
London.

Ridgely, R. S. & Tudor, G. 1989. The birds of South America, vol. 1. Oxford Univ. Press.

Ridgley, R. S. & Greenfield, P. J. 2001. The birds of Ecuador. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY.

Robbins, M. B., Rosenberg, G. H. & Sornoza M., F. 1994. A new species of cotinga (Cotingidae,
Doliornis) from the Ecuadorean Andes, with comments on plumage sequences in Doliornis and
Ampelion. Auk 111: 1-7

Safford, R. J., Ash, J. S., Duckworth, J. W., Telfer, M. G. & Zewdie, C. 1995. A new species of nightjar
from Ethiopia. /bis 137: 301-307.

Salaman, P. G. W., Donegan, T. M. & Cuervo, A. M. 2002. New distributional bird records from Serrania
de San Lucas and adjacent Central Cordillera of Colombia. Bull Brit. Orn. Cl. 122: 285-304.

Salaman, P., Coopmans, P., Donegan, T. M., Mulligan, M., Cortés, A., Hilty, S. L. & Ortega, L. A. 2003.
A new species of wood-wren (Troglodytidae: Henicorhina) from the western Andes of Colombia.
Orn. Colombiana |: 4-21.

Salaman, P., Donegan, T. & Caro, D. 2007a. Listado de avifauna colombiana 2007. Conserv. Colombiana
2 suplemento.

Salaman, P., Quevedo, A. & Verhelst, J. C. 2007b. Proyecto Loro Orejiamarillo: una iniciativa de conser-
vacion. Conserv. Colombiana 2: 7-11.

Sociedad Antioquenia de Ornitologia (SAO). 2003. Aves del valle de Aburra. Second edn. SAO, Medellin.

Sclater, P. L. & Salvin, O. 1879. On the birds collected by the late Mr. T. K. Salmon in the State of
Antioquia, United States of Colombia. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 486-550.

Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M. J., Long, A. J. & Wege, DC. 1998. Endemic Bird Areas of the world: pri-
orities for biodiversity conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.

Valqui, T. & Fjeldsa, J. 1999. New brush-finch At/apetes from Peru. [bis 141: 194-198.

Vellinga, W.-P., Flanagan, J. N. M. & Mark, T. R. 2004. New and interesting records of birds from
Ayacaba province, Piura, north-west Peru. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 124: 124-142.

Address: Fundacion ProAves, 33 Blenheim Road, Caversham, Reading RG4 7RT, UK, e-mail:
tdonegan@proaves.org / thomasdonegan@yahoo.co.uk

APPENDIX: Biometric data for certain Atlapetes taxa
Data were taken from museum specimens by the author, updated from Donegan & Huertas (2006), with
A. blancae removed from A. schistaceus and some additional specimens included. Data on A. leucopterus
dresseri and A. I. paynteri are taken directly from Fitzpatrick (1980) due to lack of specimens at the
museums visited, with bill-length data excluded as a different measurement was used. For all taxa except
those mentioned above, data are presented in the form mean + standard deviation (sample number). For
A. leucopterus data based on Fitzpatrick (1980), no standard deviation data are available.

Taxon Sex Wing-chord Tail Tarsus Bill (to skull) Mass
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (g)
A. blancae all gifs 72.8) 76.3 + 2.1 25.7+ 1.4 163414 -
(75.0-79.0) (3) (74.0-77.0) (3) (24.2-27.0) (3) — (15.0-17.8) (3)
A. latinuchus elaeoprorus all yp) 22 4) 73.7444 27.4207 5-9) 23055 Nee 8)
(69.0-81.0) (10) (67.0-80.0) (11) (26.0-28.0) (11) (15.0-16.5) (12) (27.5-30.3) (2)
males os s5 Law| 27.0 + 0.0 16.2+0.3 27.5 + 0.0 (1)
(73.0-78.0) (2) (73.0-76.0) (2) (27.0-27.0) (3) — (16.0-16.5) (3)
females 72.5 +4.9 69.0 +2.8 26.5 0.7 16.0 +0.7 -
(69.0-76.0) (2) (67.0-71.0) (2) (26.0-27.0) (2) — (15.5-16.5) (2)
A. s. schistaceus all 1) Siz 8 77.5 £4.5 26.8 + 0.9 15.0+0.6 28.2 + 2.6

(68.0-83.0) (80) (69.0-87.0) (81) (25.0-28.5) (82) (13.5-16.5) (80) (23.5-34.0) (11)

Thomas M. Donegan
males
females
A. s. schistaceus West Andes __ males
A. s. schistaceus Central Andes all
males
females
A. s. schistaceus East Andes all
males
females
Atlapetes leucopterus leucopterus all
Atlapetes leucopterus dresseri males
females
males

Atlapetes leucopterus paynteri

females

78.0+2.2
(74.0-83.0) (26)
74.3 +2.6
(69.0-79.0) (28)
80.0 + 1.7
(78.0-81.0) (3)
75.6 +15
(73.0-78.0) (8)
76.5 +2.1
(75.0-78.0) (2)
75.0 £20
(73.0-77.0) (3)
76.1 +3.1
(68.0-83.0) (46)
78.0 +2.2
(74.0-83.0) (20)
74.64+2.4
(71.0-78.0) (19)
66.5 + 2.5
(62.0-71.0) (10)
65.5
(62.5-69.0) (12)
62.7
(57.5-65.0) (10)
69.7
(67.5-72.0) (5)

66.8
(66.5-67.0) (2)

© British Ornithologists’ Club 2007

268

$0.31 3,012 27.0 Som
(75.0-86.0) (25) (26.0-28.5) (25)
164434 26.7408
(69.0-82.0) (27) (25.5-28.0) (29)
832413 270405
(82.0-84.5) (3) (26.5-27.5) (3)
7.2426 2644111
(74.5-82.0) (8) (24.5-27.5) (6)
F522 Man DOO)
(77.0-80.0) (2)

17 Da ovlgge eS
(75.0-82.0) (3) (24.5-27.0) (3)
78.7437 26.8408
(72.0-87.0) (45) (25.0-28.5) (48)
sesso 1 onoes
(75.0-86.0) (19) (25.5-28.5) (20)
16.7429 26.5+0.6

(72.0-82.0) (18) (25.5-28.0) (20)

59.8444 25.8 + 1.6
(55.0-65.0) (10) (23.0-27.5) (10)

64.5 24.4
(61.0-69.0) (12) (23.5-25.8) (12)
62.3 24.2

(58.0-66.5) (10) (23.3-24.7) (10)
72.0 25.5
(68.5-76.5) (5) (25.0-26.3) (5)
69.5 25.8
(68.2-70.8) (2) (25.0-26.5) (2)

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

15.0+0.5
(14.0-16.0) (23)

15.2£0.7
(14.0-16.5) (30)

15.3+0.8
(14.5-16.0) (3)

15.0407
(14.0-16.0) (6)

14.5 + 0.0 (1)

15.0 + 1.0
(14.0-16.0) (3)

15.1405
(14.0-16.0) (46)
15.0+0.5
(14.0-15.5) (18)
15.2= 0:7
(14.0-16.5) (21)

15.6+0.8
(14.5-17.0) (10)

28.5413
(27.0-30.0) (4)

30.0 + 0.0 (1)

283404
(28.0-28.5) (2)

28.0 + 3.0
(23.5-34.0) (8)

28.0 + 1.0
(27.0-29.0) (3)

28 = 5:5
(23.5-34.0) (3)

22.9
(20.7-26.0) (7)
20.5
(19.0-26.1) (7)
24.6
(23.0-26.5) (4)

25.4
(25.0-25.8) (2)

Stabilising the nomenclature of Australasian
birds by invalidation and suppression of disused
and dubious senior names

by Richard Schodde, Walter Ff. Bock & Frank Steinheimer

Received 24 April 2007

In attempting to accept or reject 19 disused names for Australian birds, McAllan
(2007) has made serial errors and omissions of fact, interpretation and procedure
that, if not corrected promptly, will disrupt the nomenclature of the taxa involved.
McAllan’s actions are based on Art. 23.9, ‘reversal of precedence’, of the current

Richard Schodde et al. 269 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

(fourth) edition of the /nternational code of zoological nomenclature (hereafter the
Code; ICZN 1999). This new article empowers individual revisers to suppress
disused senior synonyms under specified conditions to avert nomenclatural
disruption.

The Standing Committee on Ornithological Nomenclature of the International
Ornithological Committee (SCON) has a particular interest in the names addressed
by McAllan. It had earlier initiated steps to suppress all disused non-passerine
names, as well as to (1) protect Menura novaehollandiae Latham for the Superb
Lyrebird (Menuridae), (2) support the now widely used spelling Xanthomyza for the
generic name of the Regent Honeyeater (Meliphagidae), and (3) reject the generic
names Atricha Gould and Aplornis Gould for the scrub-birds (Atrichornithidae) and
glossy starlings (Sturnidae) in respective favour of the long-established Atrichornis
Stejneger and Aplonis Gould (Schodde & Bock 1997). Concerning the third issue,
the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (the Commission) had
recommended a case by case consideration of individual names, a procedure
followed here.

Our approach is based on principles laid down in the cornerstone of the Code,
its Preamble, particularly with respect to long-accepted names in their accustomed
meaning. Names in contention are addressed in order of their treatment by McAllan
(2007), for ease of cross-referencing, except that all non-passerines are grouped
ahead of passerines. The terms Art. and Arts. refer to numbered regulations in the
fourth edition of the Code. Scientific names follow Dickinson (2003) and English
names Gill & Wright (2006). The date of Latham’s Supplementum Indicis
ornithologici, often cited today as 1802, is given as 1801 for reasons explained
under Menura novaehollandiae Latham. Numbers against cases submitted to the
Commission for decision have been allotted by the Commission.

Non-passerine names

Except for one name (Pedionomus Gould), McAllan’s (2007) treatment of non-
passerine names was reinterpreted from cases explained by Schodde & Mason
(1997). On the presumption that the Commission would ratify them, and keeping to
usage under Art. 82.1, Schodde & Mason had adopted decisions taken by the SCON
to seek variable suppression of all senior disused names involved. The SCON took
those decisions at its meeting at the 21st International Ornithological Congress
(IOC), Vienna, in August 1994. Contrary to McAllan, the cases were referred to the
Commission on 8 February 1997 but were never published because many of the
disused names were amenable to disposal under Art. 23.9 of the then imminent
fourth edition of the Code. Nevertheless, as shown by McAllan, a number cannot be
so set aside; and these have since been resubmitted to the Commission for
suppression (Schodde & Bock submitted, Cases 3415, 3418).

Those disused senior names, nomina oblita, that can be invalidated under Art.
23.9 are the genus-group names Lophorynchus Swainson, 1837 (Columbidae) and
Cackatto Lauder & Brown, 1833 (Cacatuidae), and the species-group names

Richard Schodde et al. 270 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Psittacus multicolor Gmelin, 1788 (Psittacidae), Cuculus striatus Drapiez, 1823,
C. tenuirostris Boie, 1828, C. barbatus Boie, 1828, C. assimilis Brehm, 1843, and
Sylvia versicolora Latham, 1801 (Cuculidae)—see Table 1. To our knowledge, none
has been used as valid since 1899, meeting the first set of specifications for
invalidation under Art. 23.9.1.1. In attempting to reject them against in-use junior
names as well, McAllan (2007) did not satisfy the second set of specifications
stipulated in Arts. 23.9.2 and 23.9.1.2. These articles require that a junior, in-use
synonym threatened by a disused name can only be retained if ‘evidence’ is given
that it has been used as valid ‘in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors
in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10
years’. McAllan’s casual response, that the relevant junior names had been ‘in
regular use in the last 50 years’, is not sufficient as evidence. Table 1 below instead
satisfies the requirements of Arts. 23.9.2 and 23.9.1.2 for these names, now nomina
protecta; thus precedence from the threatening senior synonyms lapses herein.

Psittacus hypopolius J. R. Forster, 1794 (Psittacidae) can be deposed as the senior
name for the Norfolk Parakeet Cyanoramphus cookii (G. R. Gray, 1859) under Art.
23.9, though not as argued by McAllan (2007). It was introduced for ‘einen grossen,
grunen Papagay’ described from Norfolk Island on James Cook’s second voyage to
the Pacific. There is no surviving type material (Whitehead 1969), and Forster’s
sketchy description is ambiguous (Schodde 1997a: 217), applying partly to the large
but multi-coloured Norfolk Kaka Nestor productus (Gould, 1836) and partly the
green but small Norfolk Parakeet. McAllan identified it with the latter (as cooki,
sic), yet he again did not satisfy Art. 23.9.1.2, nor did he fix the taxonomic
application of hypopolius J. R. Forster unambiguously. Unambiguous fixation is
necessary because Mathews (1943, 1946) had already used hypopolius for the now-
extinct Kaka, opening the identity of the name to argument and threatening the
already established name, productus Gould, for the Kaka. We have since discovered
that Forster based Psittacus hypopolius on a mixtum of collected specimens of
Nestor meridionalis meridionalis (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) and uncollected specimens of
N. productus. Clearly, he identified his large “green” parrot on Norfolk Island with
the Kaka of New Zealand’s South Island. We shall now take steps to lectotypify or
neotypify the name with material of Nestor meridionalis meridionalis to ensure that
it does not displace Nestor productus (Gould, 1936).

Columba norfolciensis Latham, 1801 (Columbidae) from Norfolk Island was
treated as a nomen dubium by McAllan (2007) who left its status unresolved and
potentially available for reapplication. His interpretation focused on Hindwood’s
(1965: 92) and Schodde’s (1997b: 62) finding that the name was based on sketchy
descriptions of two species of uncertain identity, one a possible member of the
ground dove genus Gallicolumba now extinct, and the other perhaps the Common
Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica (Linnaeus, 1758) which still survives on the
island. There is no known type material, but the description of the presumed

Richard Schodde et al. 271 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Gallicolumba could have been based on a drawing by John Hunter (Hindwood
1965). McAllan’s suggestion that the name could be fixed by neotypifying the
Hunter figure—or, correctly, the specimen represented by it (Art. 72.5.6)—is
unsatisfactory because that figure cannot be matched with certainty to any known
species, extant or extinct. It could even represent a vagrant White-headed Pigeon
Columba leucomela Temminck, 1821, from Australia, a species for which
norfolciensis Latham was used for much of the 20th century (e.g. RAOU Checklist
Committee 1926, Peters 1937). Alternatively, Sibley & Monroe (1990) applied
norfolciensis tentatively to Chalcophaps indica, based on the second species in the
original description. Such diverse and confusing uses, not mentioned by McAllan,
originally led the SCON and Schodde (1997b: 62) to advocate suppression of
norfolciensis Latham. Accordingly, we have again applied to the Commission to do
so (Schodde & Bock submitted, Case 3415).

Columba picata Latham, 1801, Geopelia tranquilla Gould, 1844, and Columba
argetraea J. R. Forster, 1794 are three disused senior names of pigeons and doves
(Columbidae) that were reintroduced by McAllan (2007) to replace the widely used
species-group names melanoleuca Latham, 1801, placida Gould, 1844, and
spadicea Latham, 1801, for the Australian Wonga Pigeon, Peaceful Dove and
Norfolk Island race of the fruit pigeon Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae (Gmelin, 1789).
Here the disused names cannot be invalidated under Art. 23.9.1.1 because all have
been employed sporadically into the 20th century (McAllan 2007). Followed by
Schodde (1997b), the SCON nevertheless proposed their suppression and has
approved reapplication to the Commission to do so (Schodde & Bock submitted,
Cases 3415, 3418) for the following reasons. The basis for seniority of picata over
melanoleuca and tranquilla over placida, both pairs of names published
simultaneously by the same authors, is a simple regulatory shift in nomenclatural
practice, from page precedence in the early 20th century to choice by first reviser
(Art. 24). Yet melanoleuca and placida, long accepted for two common and familiar
Australian pigeons, have become entrenched and used consistently and prevailingly
in literature dealing with Australian birds since the 1910s, in up to several hundred
works or more, by scores of authors within the last 50 years alone. Replacing them
with picata and tranquilla respectively, names unknown at species level today,
would clearly upset stability and usage in nomenclature, contrary to the intent of the
Code (Art. 23.2; Preamble; Principle 4, Introduction).

Although spadicea Latham has been employed for the extinct Norfolk Island
fruit pigeon in barely 20 reference works in the last 50 years, its senior competitor,
argetraea J. R. Forster has been used as valid in just four: Iredale (1937), who
unearthed it, McAllan (2007), and Mathews (1943, 1946). Moreover, argetraea J.
R. Forster was published in an obscure journal, along with other Forster papers in
which disused senior names of Australian birds have already been suppressed by
Opinion 410 of the Commission. In contrast, spadicea Latham continues to be used
consistently, not only in Australasian handbooks, checklists and conservation

Richard Schodde et al. 272 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

manuals (Schodde et al. 1983, Checklist Committee OSNZ 1990, Higgins & Davies
1996, Schodde & Mason 1997, Garnett & Crowley 2000, Holdaway et al. 2001,
Clayton et al. 2006), but also in major global monographs and checklists (Peters
1937, Goodwin 1967 and subsequent editions, Baptista et al. 1997, Dickinson 2003,
Steadman 2006). Keeping spadicea Latham helps maintain the nomenclatural
currency of all these major reference works.

Pedionomus Gould, 1840. McAllan’s (2007) case for suppressing the last non-
passerine name, Pedionomus ocellatus Gould, 31 October 1840, for the Australian
Malleefowl (Megapodiidae), is inadmissible. It fails to satisfy Arts. 23.9.2 and
23.9.1.2 for the junior competing names, Leipoa ocellata Gould, 1 December 1840
(Malleefowl), and Pedionomus Gould, 1 December 1840 (Plains-wanderer), the
date of which McAllan misquotes. Nor does it meet Art. 23.9.1.1. Pedionomus
ocellatus Gould, October 1840, has, in fact, been used for the Malleefowl since
1899, by Bruce & McAllan (1990) who listed it as valid in their Appendix 1 and
stated (p. 457): ‘Therefore the Mallee Fowl should become Pedionomus ocellatus
Gould, 1840’. This action is particularly destructive nomenclaturally because
Pedionomus Gould, October 1840, preoccupies the long-accepted Leipoa Gould,
December 1840, for the Malleefowl in seniority, and also Pedionomus Gould,
December 1840, for the Plains-wanderer (Pedionomidae) in homonymy: it would
require change in the universally used generic name for the Plains-wanderer from
Pedionomus to Turnicigralla Des Murs, 1845. Accordingly, we have applied to the
Commission to suppress Pedionomus Gould, October 1840, for the Malleefowl
(Schodde & Bock submitted, Case 3415).

Passerine names

Menura superba Davies, 1802 vs. Menura novaehollandiae Latham, 1801, for the
Superb Lyrebird (Menuridae) turns not on Art. 23.9 but the date of publication of
Latham’s latinised Supplementum Indicis ornithologici (Latham 1801a), either 1801
as printed on the title page, or 1802 according to some external evidence (Browning
& Monroe 1991). If 1802 is accepted (=either 1 April 1802 or 31 December 1802
under Art. 21.3), then Menura superba Davies, 5 June 1802, could displace the now
well-established Menura novaehollandiae Latham, 1801, for this species (Schodde
& Mason 1999: 63).

Browning & Monroe’s (1991) case for 1802 rested on three indirect
coincidences affecting the companion work, Supplement II to the General Synopsis
of Birds (1801b), in which the new species in the Latin Supplementum are described
in English. First, the Latin Supplementum gives page references to the names in the
English Supplement IT, not the reverse. Thus it could not have been typeset until
page proofs of the English work were available, and so was presumably printed and
issued no earlier. It is likely, in fact, that the texts of both works were produced
together because we have found that they were printed on the same paper with the
same watermark (1800) in the same position on the pages. Secondly, only 250

Richard Schodde et al. 273 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

copies of the English work were released (from Latham 1821, p. vi, footnote),
indicative of a single issue. Thirdly, the English work was first demonstrated to be
in existence when Latham presented it to the Royal Society on 1 April 1802, in
accord with its date recorded in the donation lists of the Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society (Anon. 1802a) and Transactions of the Linnean Society (Anon.
1802b). So Browning & Monroe reasoned that if the single issue of the English
Supplement IT did not appear until 1802, neither did the Latin Supplementum.

Yet the connection between the two works and 1802 is entirely circumstantial,
and beset with inconsistencies. First, the plates of the vernacular Supplement II are
dated 30 May 1801, although this is the date of printing, not release with the text.
Secondly, copies of the English Supplement IT have been found with different dates,
either 1801 (five seen) or 1802 (two), whilst the figure of the Maned Duck
Chenonetta jubata on the title page is coloured in those with 1801 and black and
white in those with 1802. Thus there were at least two issues of the work, breaking
the nexus between the Latin Supplementum and a single issue of the English
Supplement II supposedly no earlier than 1 April 1802, its date of receipt by the
Royal Society. Thirdly, the London publisher (Leigh, Sotheby & Son), not Latham,
managed and distributed the Latin Supplementum and English Supplement IT
(Latham, 1821, p. vi, footnote), and was free to issue them at any time once they
were printed. Living in Winchester, Latham received the copies that he donated to
such bodies as the Royal and Linnean Societies only indirectly, and, making less
frequent visits to London at the time (Latham /oc .cit., footnote), he could well have
passed them on some months later than releases by the publisher.

Evidence for a date other than the 1801 specified in the Latin Supplementum thus
hardly meets the levels of proof required in combined English and French versions
of Art. 21.2 which fixes date of publication. Even so, we have requested the
Commission for a ruling on the date because 1802 has come into increasing use in
the last decade and because English and French versions of Art. 21.2 are open to
differing interpretation (Art. 87), with potential to keep argument over the date of
the Latin Supplementum alive (Schodde et al. submitted, Case 3414). In the interim,
we recommend use of 1801 as the date of publication for the Latin Supplementum
because, (1) in the spirit of Art. 82.1, it is still in wide use, and (2) we anticipate that
the Commission will find, on the information available, that evidence for 1802 is
insufficient. Keeping 1801 establishes the seniority of Menura novaehollandiae
Latham, 1801.

Xanthomyza Swainson, 1837, is an emended spelling (Art. 33.2.1) of the generic
name Zanthomiza Swainson, 1837, for the threatened Regent Honeyeater
(Meliphagidae). It was introduced into current international literature by
Salomonsen (1967: 436) and to Australian literature by Condon (1968), and it has
been used almost universally since, in journal papers and field lists, checklists,
handbooks, atlases, field guides and conservation action plans approaching several
hundreds. Notwithstanding use of Xanthomyza by Strickland in 1841, Swainson’s

Richard Schodde et al. 274 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

TABLE 1
Disused senior synonyms and spellings of some Australasian birds that should be deposed under Arts.
23.9 and 33.2/3 of the /nternational code of zoological nomenclature (fourth edn.), together with
competing in-use junior synomyms and spellings with supporting references. Sequence of names
follows the order in the text.

Disused senior In-use junior References validating the in-use junior name English names
synonyms synonyms or spelling detail under Arts. 23.9.2 and

(nomina oblita) (nomina protecta) 33.2.3.1/33.3.1, respectively

and spellings and spellings

Lophorynchus Lopholaimus Baptista et al. 1997, Beruldsen 2003, Topknot Pigeon
Swainson, 1837 Gould, 1841 Blakers et al. 1984 and references therein, (genus)

Clayton et al. 2006, Christidis & Boles 1994,
Condon 1975, Dickinson 2003, Frith 1982,

Gill & Wright 2006, Goodwin 1967, Higgins &
Davies 1996 and references therein, Schodde 1997b
and references therein, Schodde & Tidemann 1986,
Sibley & Monroe 1990, Simpson & Day 1999,
Wolters 1975-82, references to Lopholaimus in the
journal Emu since 1957

Cackatto Lauder Eolophus Beruldsen 2003, Brown & Toft 1999, Clayton Galah (genus)
& Brown, 1833 Bonaparte, 1854 et al. 2006, Cooke et al. 2004, Dickinson 2003,

Forshaw 1969, 1978, 1981, 2002, 2006, Garnett &

Crowley 2000, Gill & Wright 2006, Higgins 1999,

Holyoak 1970, 1972, Homberger 1991, Howard & Moore

1994, Joshua & Parker 1993, Juniper & Parr 1998,

McAllan 2007, Rowley 1997, Schodde 1989, 1997c,

2006a,b, Sibley & Monroe 1990, Simpson & Day 1999,

Stanger et al. 1998, Wolters 1975-82

Psittacus multicolor Psittacus moluccanus Clayton et al. 2006, Condon 1975, Dickinson 2003, Rainbow Lorikeet
Gmelin, 1788 Gmelin, 1788, usually as Forshaw 1969, 1978, 1981, 2002, 2006, Gill & Wright

Trichoglossus haematodus 2006, Higgins 1999 and references under T. h.

moluccanus (Gmelin) moluccanus therein, Howard & Moore 1994, International

Commission on Zoological Nomenclature Direction 82
—Melville & Smith 1987, Juniper & Parr 1998, Lendon
1973, McAllan 2007, Schodde 1997a and references under
T. h. moluccanus therein, Simpson & Day 1999, Stanger
et al. 1998, Wolters 1975-82, references to

Trichoglossus moluccanus in the journal Emu 1957-75

Cuculus striatus Cuculus saturatus Blakers et al. 1984 and references to C. saturatus Oriental Cuckoo
Drapiez, 1823 Hodgson, 1843 therein, Christidis & Boles 1994, Clayton et al. 2006,

Condon 1975, Dickinson 2003, Gill & Wright 2006,

Higgins 1999 and references to C. saturatus therein,

Johnstone & Storr 1998, Mason 1997 and references to

C. saturatus therein, Morecombe 2003, Payne 1997,

Schodde & Tidemann 1986, Sibley & Monroe 1990,

Simpson & Day 1999, Wolters 1975-82, references to

C. saturatus in the journal Emu since 1970

Cuculus tenuirostris Cuculus saturatus as above Oriental Cuckoo
Boie, 1828 Hodgson, 1843

Richard Schodde et al.

Cuculus barbatus
Boie, 1828

Cuculus assimilis
Brehm, 1843

Sylvia versicolora
Latham, 1801

Psittacus hypopolius
J. R. Forster, 1794

Zanthomiza Swainson,
1837

Aplornis Gould,
1/3 October 1836

Cuculus saturatus
Hodgson, 1843

Cuculus saturatus
Hodgson, 1843

Cuculus basalis
Horsfield, 1821, usually
as Chrysococcyx basalis
(Horsfield)

Platycercus cookii
GR. Gray, 1859, as
Cyanoramphus cookii
(GR. Gray)

Xanthomyza
Swainson, 1837

Aplonis Gould,
1/3 October 1836

275 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

as above Oriental Cuckoo

Oriental Cuckoo

as above

Horsfield’s Bronze
Cuckoo

Beruldsen 2003, Blakers et al. 1984 and references
under Chrysococcyx basalis therein, Christidis &
Boles 1994, Clayton et al. 2006, Condon 1975,
Dickinson 2003, Gill & Wright 2006, Higgins 1999
and references under Chrysococcyx basalis therein,
Mason 1997 and references under Chalcites basalis
therein, Payne 1997, Schodde & Tidemann 1986,
Sibley & Monroe 1990, Simpson & Day 1999,
Wolters 1975-82, references to Chrysococcyx or
Chalcites basalis in the journal Emu since 1957

Boon et al. 2001, Checklist Committee OSNZ 1990,
Clayton et al. 2006, Collar 1997, Dickinson 2003,
Forshaw 1978, 1981, 2002, 2006, Fortescue et al. 1999,
Garnett & Crowley 2000, Gill & Wright 2006, Hermes
et al. 1986, Hicks & Greenwood 1990, Higgins 1999
and references under C. novaezelandiae cookii therein,
Howard & Moore 1994, Juniper & Parr 1998, Lane et al.
1998, McAllan 2007, Ovington 1978, Phipps 1981,
Schodde 1997a, Schodde et al. 1983, Sibley & Monroe 1990,
Stanger et al. 1998, Steadman 2006, Wolters 1975-82

Norfolk Parakeet

Beruldsen 2003, Blakers et al. 1984 and references

under Xanthomyza therein, Christidis & Boles 1994,
Clayton et al. 2006, Condon 1968, Dickinson 2003,
Garnett & Crowley 2000 and references under Xanthomyza
therein, Gill & Wright 2006, Higgins et al. 2001 and most
references under Xanthomyza therein, Morecombe 2003,
Salomonsen 1967, Schodde 1975, Schodde & Mason 1999
and references under Xanthomyza therein, Schodde &
Tidemann 1986, Sibley & Monroe 1990, Simpson & Day
1999, Stanger et al.1998, Wolters 1975-82, references

to Xanthomyza in the journal Emu since 1975

Amadon 1962, Beruldsen 2003, Blakers et al. 1984
and references under Aplonis therein, Christidis & Boles
1994, Clayton et al. 2006, Dickinson 2003,

Garnett & Crowley 2000 and references under
Aplonis therein, Gill & Wright 2006, Higgins et al.
2006 and references under Aplonis therein,
Macdonald 1984, Morecombe 2003, Ovington 1978,
RAOU Checklist Committee 1926, Schodde 1975,
Schodde & Mason 1999 and references under
Aplonis therein, Schodde & Tidemann 1986, Sibley
& Monroe 1990, Simpson & Day 1999, Slater 1974,
Stanger ef al. 1998, Wolters 1975-82, references to
Aplonis in the journal Emu since 1900

Regent Honeyeater
(genus)

Glossy starlings
(genus)

Richard Schodde et al. 276 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

original Zanthomiza was employed throughout much of the first half of the 20th
century in Australia, following endorsement by the RAOU Checklist Committee
(1926). The current correction to Xanthomyza came from a decision of the SCON at
the 12th IOC in Helsinki, in 1958, to request the Commission correct the spelling of
several of Swainson’s (1837) names for honeyeaters (Salomonsen 1960). The case
was received by the Commission on 3 December 1965, but never proceeded to
publication. The SCON reviewed the issue at the 23rd IOC, Beijing, in 2002, and
found that the spelling Xanthomyza had by then come into ‘prevailing use’ as
defined in the Code’s Glossary and as justified in Table 1 herein. These
circumstances invoke Art. 33.2.3.1, a ruling on spellings not considered by McAllan
(2007), which deems Xanthomyza a ‘justified emendation’, with Swainson (1837)
as author, after Salomonsen (1967). Thus the spelling Xanthomyza should be
accepted as correct under the Code.

Atricha Gould, 1844 (January), is the senior but disused generic name for the
Australian scrub-birds (Atrichornithidae) known today as Atrichornis Stejneger,
1885. Throughout the later 19th century into the 20th, however, its variant spelling
Atrichia Gould, March 1844, had been used instead; this name was subsequently
found to be invalid as a junior homonym of Atrichia Schrenk, 1803 (Insecta).
Atricha itself, with no impediment in homonymy (Art. 56.2), remains available for
the scrub-birds (Art. 12.2.6), even though it was used only once by Gould, in a
newspaper report of the meeting at which he first described the Noisy Scrub-bird,
now Atrichornis clamosus (Gould). In attempting to depose Atricha as disused,
McAllan (2007) failed to satisfy Art. 23.9.1.2 and confounded his argument by
suggesting that Atrichia Gould might be an incorrect subsequent spelling of Atricha.
If it is, Art. 23.9.1.1 is breached as well, because Atricha Gould, in the incorrect
subsequent spelling Atrichia, has been used as valid since 1899, e.g., in Campbell
(1901) and in the journal Emu up to 1920; only after 1920 did use of Atrichornis
Stejneger become entrenched.

This raises the question: should Gould names published first in newspapers
(Bruce & McAllan 1990) be treated as of the same origin as those published
subsequently in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London and Gould’s
folio, The Birds of Australia; or should they be treated as independent names that
enter separately into synonymy and homonymy? If the former, different subsequent
spellings in the Proceedings and folio, e.g. Atrichia Gould, become incorrect
spellings; if the latter, Atricha Gould stands unused and deposable under Art. 23.9.
We find the first interpretation to be correct because all names in newspapers,
Proceedings and folio are linked by reference through to the same reading at the
Zoological Society of London: the first are simply brief, preliminary notices of the
impending formal description in the second and third. Accordingly, we have applied
to the Commission for suppression of Atricha Gould, 1844 (Schodde & Bock,
submitted, Case 3415).

Richard Schodde et al. 277 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Aplornis Gould, 1836a, and Aplonis Gould, 1836b, are different spellings of the
same generic name for the glossy starlings (Sturnidae) of south-east Asia and the
western Pacific. In taking up the senior but disused Aplornis Gould, | or 3 October
1836, over the junior but almost universal Aplonis Gould, 18 October 1836,
McAllan (2007) evidently treated Aplonis as a name of separate origin to Aplornis.
As in the case of Atricha Gould and Atrichia Gould above, Aplornis and Aplonis
were published respectively in an advance newspaper notice and a formal
description in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, drawn by
reference from the one reading at the same meeting of the Society. Aplonis therefore
becomes an incorrect subsequent spelling of Ap/ornis, controlled by Art. 33.3.1:
‘when an incorrect subsequent spelling is in prevailing usage...the subsequent
spelling ... is deemed ...correct...’. There can be no doubt that the spelling Aplonis
is in prevailing use for the 24 species-strong genus of glossy starlings, being
employed in virtually all current checklists, handbooks, atlases and field guides,
global and regional, since Amadon (1962) and even Gould himself. Its usages that
satisfy Art. 23.9.1.2 alone are given in Table 1. Thus it should be retained as correct
under the Code, with Gould as author and 1 / 3 October 1836 as date (Gould 1836a).

Psilopus albogularis Gould, 1838, vs. Psilopus olivaceus Gould, 1838. The species
name albogularis, used for the common east Australian White-throated Gerygone
through the 19th century and senior by choice of first reviser (Art. 24), was replaced
by olivacea on misplaced grounds of page precedence early in the 20th, beginning
with Stone (1913) and Mathews (1913). Nevertheless, olivacea has been used ever
since the 1920s and employed in scores of journal papers as well as all major
regional, national and international checklists, handbooks and field guides over
almost the last 100 years.

There are other well-known names for Australian songbirds which, taken up by
Mathews (1908, 1912) and the RAOU Checklist Committee (1926) on evident
grounds of page precedence, are also junior to simultaneously published but disused
synonyms through the action of earlier revisers (Art. 24). Those in Latham (1801),
with the senior disused name first and the current in-use binomen last, are: (1)
Gracula picata vs. Corvus cyanoleucus for the Magpielark Grallina cyanoleuca
(Latham), Monarchidae, (2) Gracula viridis vs. Coracias sagittata for the Olive-
backed Oriole Oriolus sagittatus (Latham), Oriolidae, (3) Muscicapa crepitans vs.
Corvus olivaceus for the Eastern Whipbird Psophodes olivaceus (Latham),
Eupetidae, (4) Merops garrulus vs. Gracula melanocephala for the Noisy Miner
Manorina melanocephala (Latham), Meliphagidae, (5) Muscicapa auricomis vs.
Turdus melanops for the Yellow-tufted Honeyeater Lichenostomus melanops
(Latham), Meliphagidae, and (6) Certhia mellivora vs. Merops chrysopterus for the
Little Wattlebird Anthochaera chrysoptera (Latham), Meliphagidae. None of the
senior names in each pair has been employed since the first decade or two of the
20th century; and returning to them following the precedent advocated by McAllan
(2007) would destabilise the nomenclature of some common Australian songbirds.

Richard Schodde et al. 278 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Accordingly, we have applied to the Commission for suppression of the senior
names, including Psilopus albogularis Gould, 1838 (Schodde & Bock submitted,
Case 3418).

Summary

For the 19 (not 18) names reviewed by McAllan (2007), corrections or
qualifications are as follows. The first nine in-use but junior names (two generic,
seven specific) in Table | are properly validated there over their respective senior
but disused names under Arts. 23.9.1 and 23.9.2. The in-use spellings of the generic
names Xanthomyza Swainson for the Australian Regent Honeyeater and Aplonis
Gould for the west Pacific glossy starlings are acceptable as correct names under the
provisions of Arts. 33.2 and 33.3. Menura novaehollandiae Latham is advisedly
kept as senior to Menura superba Davies, with a publication date of 1801. For those
seven disused or dubious senior names that cannot be invalidated under Art. 23.9
because of use in the 20th century, application has been made to the Commission for
their suppression (Schodde & Bock submitted, Cases 3415, 3418). They are:
Columba norfolciensis Latham of questionable identity, picata Latham for the
Wonga Pigeon, tranquilla Gould for the Peaceful Dove (conditionally), argetraea J.
R. Forster for the Norfolk Island fruit pigeon, Pedionomus Gould as the generic
name for the Malleefowl, Atricha Gould as the generic name for the Australian
scrub-birds, and albogularis Gould for the White-throated Gerygone. Under Art. 82,
names in prevailing use are to be maintained in cases submitted to the Commission,
pending decision.

We do not believe that McAllan’s (2007) roenanet to nomenclatural change—
that disruptions due to regulatory technicality should be ‘worn’ because they are
fewer than those from taxonomic adjustment—should be endorsed for long-
accepted, widely used names of genera and species. The two kinds of change are not
comparable. Shifts due to investigative taxonomy, which the Code implicitly fosters
(see Preamble), reflect developments in systematic knowledge and are part of
progress in biological science; those due to nomenclatural regulation add to neither
and may be contrary to Art. 23.2, the Preamble, and Principle 4 of the Introduction
to the Code. Nomenclature functions to communicate, and its effectiveness depends
on maximising stability: keeping the same name in the same spelling for the same
taxon. We therefore encourage workers dealing in avian nomenclature to heed the
Preamble of the Code and to use the ensuing provisions, including application to the
Commission, to minimise disruptive change wherever reasonably possible.

The nomenclatural actions in this paper have been evaluated and approved by all
responding members (ten) of the 12-member Standing Committee on Ornithological
Nomenclature (SCON) of the International Ornithological Committee.

Acknowledgements
In preparing this paper, we are grateful for critical input from members of the SCON, particularly Richard
Banks (USA), Edward Dickinson (UK), Bob Dowsett (representing Africa), Mary LeCroy (USA),

Richard Schodde et al. 279 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Hiroyuki Morioka (Japan) and Christiane Quaisser (Germany). We also thank Rupert Baker at the Royal
Society, London, for information on works received from John Latham.

References:

Amadon, D. 1962. Sturnidae. Pp. 75-121 in Mayr, E. & Greenway, J. C. (eds.) Check-list of birds of the
world, vol. 15. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, MA.

Anon. 1802a. Presents received by the Royal Society, from November 1801 to July 1802. Phil. Trans.
Roy. Soc. 92: 529-535.

Anon. 1802b. Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society. Zrans. Linn. Soc. 6: 391-394.

Baptista, L. F., Trail, P. W. & Horblit, H. M. 1997. Family Columbidae (pigeons and doves). Pp. 60-243
in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (eds). Handbook of the birds of the world, vol. 4. Lynx
Edicions, Barcelona.

Beruldsen, G. R. 2003. Australian birds their nests and eggs. Privately published, Kenmore, Queensland.

Blakers, M., Davies, S. J. J. F. & Reilly, P. N. 1984. The atlas of Australian birds. Royal Australasian
Ornithologists’ Union & Melbourne Univ. Press.

Boon, W. M., Daugherty, C. H. & Chambers, G. K. 2001. The Norfolk Island Green Parrot and New
Caledonian Red-crowned Parakeet are distinct species. Emu 101: 113-121.

Brown, D. M. & Toft, C. A. 1999. Molecular systematics and biogeography of the cockatoos
(Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae). Auk 116: 141-157.

Browning, M. R. & Monroe, B. L. 1991. Clarifications and corrections of the dates of issue of some pub-
lications containing descriptions of North American birds. Arch. Nat. Hist. 18: 381—405.

Bruce, M. D. & McAllan, I. A. W. 1990. Some problems in vertebrate nomenclature. II. Birds. Part. I.
Boll. Mus. reg. Sci. nat. Torino 8: 453-485.

Campbell, A. J. 1901. Nests & eggs of Australian birds, vol. |. Privately published, Sheffield.

Checklist Committee OSZN (Ornithological Society of New Zealand). 1990. Checklist of the birds of
New Zealand and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. Third edn. Random Century, Auckland.

Christidis, L. & Boles, W. E. 1994. The taxonomy and species of birds of Australia and its territories.
RAOU Monogr. 2. Royal Australasian Ornithologists’ Union, Hawthorn East, Victoria.

Clayton, M., Wombey, J. C., Mason, I. J., Chesser, T. C. & Wells, A. 2006. CSIRO list of Australian ver-
tebrates. Second edn. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

Collar, N. J. 1997. Family Psittacidae (parrots). Pp. 280-477 in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J.
(eds.) Handbook of the birds of the world, vol. 4. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Condon, H. T. 1968. A handlist of the birds of South Australia. Second edn. South Australian
Ornithological Association, Adelaide.

Condon, H. T. 1975. Checklist of the birds of Australia, part 1. Royal Australasian Ornithologists’ Union,
Melbourne.

Cooke, F., Dingle, H., Hutchison, S., McKay, G., Schodde, R., Tait, N. & Voigt, R. (eds.) 2004. The ency-
clopedia of animals. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles.

Dickinson, E. C. (ed.) 2003. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. Third
edn. Christopher Helm, London.

Forshaw, J. M. 1969. Australian parrots. Lansdowne Press, Melbourne.

Forshaw, J. M. 1978. Parrots of the world. Second (rev.) edn. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne.

Forshaw, J. 1981. Australian parrots. Second (rev.) edn. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne.

Forshaw, J. M. 2002. Australian parrots. Third (rev.) edn. Alexander Editions, Robina, Queensland.

Forshaw, J. M. 2006. Parrots of the world: an identification guide. Princeton Univ. Press.

Forster, J. R. 1794. Lieutenant King’s Nachrichten von der Norfolk-Inseln (footnote). Jn Die neuesten
Reisen nach der Botany Bay und Port Jackson, 3. Magazin von merkwiirdigen neuen Reise-
Beschreibungen, vol. 11. Privately published, Berlin.

Fortescue, M., Ward, R. & Davidson, P. 1999. Recovery plan for the Norfolk Island Green Parrot
Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cookii: revised draft. Environment Australia, Canberra.

Frith, H. J. 1982. Pigeons and doves of Australia. Rigby, Adelaide.

Garnett, S. T. & Crowley, G. M. 2000. The action plan for Australian birds. Environment Australia,
Canberra.

Richard Schodde et al. 280 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Gill, F. G & Wright, M. 2006. Birds of the world: recommended English names. Princeton Univ. Press.

Goodwin, D. 1967. Pigeons and doves of the world. Brit. Mus., London.

Gould, J. 1836a. Report of meeting of the Zoological Society. The Analyst 17: 152.

Gould, J. 1836b. Proceedings of meeting of the Zoological Society of London, 28 July 1836. Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond. 1836: 73.

Gould, J. 1844. The birds of Australia, part XIV. Privately published, London.

Hermes, N., Evans, O. & Evans, B. 1986. Norfolk Island birds: a review. Notornis 33: 141-149.

Hicks, J. & Greenwood, D. 1990. Rescuing Norfolk Island’s Green Parrot. Birds Intern. 2: 35-47.

Higgins, P. J. (ed.) 1999. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds, vol. 4. Oxford Univ.
Press, Melbourne.

Higgins, P. J. & Davies, S. J. J. F. (eds.) 1996. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds,
vol. 3. Oxford Univ. Press, Melbourne.

Higgins, P. J., Peter, J. M. & Steele, W. K. (eds.) 2001. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and
Antarctic birds, vol. 5. Oxford Univ. Press, Melbourne.

Higgins, P. J., Peter, J. M. & Cowling, S. J. (eds.) 2006. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and
Antarctic birds, vol. 7. Oxford Univ. Press, Melbourne.

Hindwood, K. A. 1965. John Hunter: a naturalist and artist of the First Fleet. Emu 65: 83-95.

Holdaway, R. N., Worthy, T. H. & Tennyson, A. J. D. 2001. A working list of breeding bird species of the
New Zealand region at first human contact. New Zealand J. Zool. 28: 119-187.

Holyoak, D. T. 1970. Structural characters supporting the recognition of the genus Eolophus for Cacatua
roseicapilla. Emu 70: 200.

Holyoak, D. T. 1972. The relation of Nymphicus to the Cacatuinae. Emu 72: 77-78.

Homberger, D. G. 1991. The evolutionary history of parrots and cockatoos: a model for evolution in the
Australasian avifauna. Pp. 398-403 in Bell, B. D., Cossee, J. E. C. F., Heather, B. D., Hitchmough,
R. A., Robertson, C. J. R. & Williams, M. J. (eds.) Proc. XX Intern. Orn. Congr. Orn. Congr. Trust
Board, New Zealand.

Howard, R. & Moore, A. 1994. A complete checklist of the birds of the world. Second edn. Academic
Press, London.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). 1999. International code of zoological
nomenclature. Fourth edn. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, c/o Natural History
Museum, London.

Iredale, T. 1937. J. R. & G Forster, naturalists. Emu 37: 95-99.

Johnstone, R. E. & Storr, G M. 1998. Handbook of Western Australian birds, vol. 1. Western Australian
Mus., Perth.

Joshua, S. F. & Parker, J. S. 1993. Phylogenetic studies of the cockatoos. Pp. 130—136 in Low, R. (ed.)
Cockatoos in aviculture. Blandford, London.

Juniper, T. & Parr, M. 1998. Parrots: a guide to the parrots of the world. Pica Press, Robertsbridge.

Lane, B. A., Bezuijen, M. R., Greenwood, D., Carr, G W. & Ward, R. 1998. Recovery plan for the Norfolk
Island Green Parrot (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cookii). Ecology Australia, Victoria.

Latham, J. 1801la. Supplementum Indicis ornithologici, sive Systematis ornithologiae. G. Leigh, J. & S.
Sotheby, London.

Latham, J. 1801b. Supplement II to the General synopsis of birds. Leigh, Sotheby & Son, London.

Latham, J. 1821. A general history of birds, vol. 1. Jacob & Johnson, Winchester.

Lendon, A. H. 1973. Australian parrots in field and aviary. Angus & Robinson, London & Sydney.

McAllan, I. A. W. 2007. Existing usage and the names of some Australian birds. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 127:
136-145.

Macdonald, J. D. 1984. Birds of Australia, a summary of information. Second (rev.) edn. A. H. & A. W.
Reed, Sydney.

Mason, I. J. 1997. Cuculidae. Pp. 219-254 in Houston, W. W. K. & Wells, A. (eds.) Zoological catalogue
of Australia 37.2. Aves (Columbidae to Coraciidae). CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

Mathews, G. M. 1908. Handlist of the birds of Australia. Emu 7 (suppl.): 1-108.

Mathews, G. M. 1912. A reference-list to the birds of Australia. Novit. Zool. 18: 171-446.

Richard Schodde et al. 281 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Mathews, G. M. 1913. A list of the birds of Australia. Witherby, London.

Mathews, G. M. 1943. Additions to the list of Australian birds and other notes. Aust. Zool. 10 (suppl.):
161-166.

Mathews, G. M. 1946. A working list of Australian birds, including the Australian Quadrant and New
Zealand. Privately published, Sydney.

Mayr, E. 1979. Atrichornithidae. Pp. 335-336 in Traylor, M. A. (ed.) Check-list of birds of the world, vol.
8. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, MA.

Melville, R. V. & Smith, J. D. D. (eds.) 1987. Official lists and indexes of names and works in zoology.
The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London.

Morecombe, M. 2003. Field guide to Australian birds. Revised edn. Steve Parish Publishing, Archerfield.

Ovington, J. D. 1978. Australian endangered species. Cassell, Sydney.

Payne, R. B. 1977. Family Cuculidae (cuckoos). Pp. 508-667 in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J.
(eds.) Handbook of the birds of the world, vol. 4. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Peters, J. L. 1937. Check-list of birds of the world, vol. 3. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA.

Phipps, G. 1981. The kakarikis. Aust. Avicult. 35: 126-139.

RAOU (Royal Australasian Ornithologists’ Union) Checklist Committee. 1926. Official checklist of the
birds of Australia. Second edn. RAOU, Melbourne.

Rowley, I. C. 1997. Family Cacatuidae (cockatoos). Pp. 246—279 in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal,
J. (eds.) Handbook of the birds of the world, vol. 4. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Salomonsen, F. 1960. Report on the Standing Committee on Ornithological Nomenclature. Pp. 30—43 in
Bergmann, G., Donner, K. O. & Haartman, L. von (eds.) Proc. XII Intern. Orn. Congr. Tilgmannin
Kirpajaino, Helsinki.

Salomonsen, F. 1967. Meliphagidae. Pp. 338-450 in Paynter, R. A. (ed.) Check-list of birds of the world,
vol. 12. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, MA.

Schodde, R. 1975. Interim list of Australian songbirds. Royal Australasian Ornithologists’ Union,
Melbourne.

Schodde, R. 1989 (printed as 1988). New subspecies of Australian birds. Canberra Bird Notes 13:
119-122.

Schodde, R. 1997a. Psittacidae. Pp. 109-218 in Houston, W. W. K. & Wells, A. (eds.) Zoological cata-
logue of Australia 37.2. Aves (Columbidae to Coraciidae). CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

Schodde, R. 1997b. Columbidae. Pp. 9-63 in Houston, W. W. K. & Wells, A. (eds.) Zoological catalogue
of Australia 37.2. Aves (Columbidae to Coraciidae). CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

Schodde, R. 1997c. Cacatuidae. Pp. 64-108 in Houston, W. W. K. & Wells, A. (eds.) Zoological cata-
logue of Australia 37.2. Aves (Columbidae to Coraciidae). CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

Schodde, R. (ed.) 2006a. The encyclopedia of birds. Weldon Owen, Sydney.

Schodde, R. 2006b. Australasia’s bird fauna today — origins and evolutionary development. Pp. 413-458
in Merrick, J. R., Archer, M., Hickey, G M. & Lee, M. S. Y. (eds.) Evolution and biogeography of
Australasian vertebrates. Auscipub, Sydney.

Schodde, R. & Bock, W. J. 1997. Case 3044 Generic and specific names of birds (Aves) conventionally
accepted as published in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London and monographic
works by John Gould and other contemporary zoologists: proposed conservation by suppression of
all prior usages. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 54: 172-182.

Schodde, R. & Bock, W. J. submitted. Case 3415 The avian genus-group names Pedionomus Gould, 1840
(Pedionomidae), Leipoa Gould, 1840 (Megapodiidae) and Atrichornis Stejneger, 1885
(Atrichornithidae), and the species-group names ocellata Gould, 1840 (Megapodiidae) and spadicea
Latham, 1801 (Columbidae): proposed conservation by suppression of senior synonyms and
homonyms; and Columba norfolciensis Latham, 1801 (Columbidae): proposed suppression as a
nomen dubium. Bull. Zool. Nomencl.

Schodde, R. & Bock, W. J. submitted. Case 3418 First reviser vs. page precedence for simultaneously
published names: prevailing usage and cases for resolution in Australian birds. Bull. Zool.
Nomencl.

Richard Schodde et al. 282 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Schodde, R., Bock, W. J., Christidis, L., Boles, W. E. & Steinheimer, F. submitted. Case 3414 John
Latham’s ‘Supplementum Indicis ornithologici sive Systematis ornithologiae’: proposed determina-
tion of date of publication. Bull. Zool. Nomencl.

Schodde, R., Fullagar, P. & Hermes, N. 1983. A review of Norfolk Island birds: past and present.
Australian Natl. Parks & Wildlife Service Spec. Publ., Canberra.

Schodde, R. & Mason, I. J. 1997. Zoological catalogue of Australia 37.2. Aves (Columbidae to
Coraciidae). CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

Schodde, R. & Mason, I. J. 1999. The directory of Australian birds: passerines. CSIRO Publishing,
Melbourne.

Schodde, R. & Tidemann, S. C. (eds.) 1986. The Reader's Digest complete book of Australian birds.
Second edn. Reader’s Digest Services, Sydney.

Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale Univ. Press,
New Haven, CT & London, UK.

Simpson, K. G. & Day, N. 1999. Field guide to the birds of Australia. Sixth edn. Penguin, Ringwood,
Victoria.

Slater, P. 1974. A field guide to Australian birds: passerines. Rigby, Adelaide.

Stanger, M., Clayton, M., Schodde, R., Wombey, J. C. & Mason, I. J. 1998. CSIRO list of Australian ver-
tebrates. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

Steadman, D. W. 2006. Extinction & biogeography of tropical Pacific birds. Univ. of Chicago Press.

Stejneger, L. 1885. Order XVIII. — Passeres. Natural history of birds. Pp. 458-547 in Kingsley, J. S. (ed.)
The standard natural history, vol. 4. S. E. Cossino, Boston.

Stone, W. in Stone, W. & Mathews, G. M. 1913. A list of the species of Australian birds described by John
Gould, with the location of the type-specimens. Austral Avian Rec. 1: 129-180.

Strickland, H. E. 1841. Commentary on Mr. G. R. Gray’s “Genera of Birds”. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1:
410-423.

Swainson, W. 1837. On the natural history and classification of birds, vol. 2. In Lardner, D. (ed.) The
cabinet encyclopaedia no. 92. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman and John Taylor,
London.

Whitehead, P. J. P. 1969. Zoological specimens from Captain Cook’s voyages. J. Soc. Bibliogr. Nat. Hist.
5: 161-201.

Wolters, H. E. 1975-82. Die Vogelarten der Erde. Paul Parey, Hamburg.

Addresses: Richard Schodde, Australian Biological Resources Study, GPO Box 787, Canberra City, ACT
2601, Australia. Walter J. Bock, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City,
NY 10027, USA. Frank Steinheimer, Ornithologie, Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-
Universitat zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany.

© British Ornithologists’ Club 2007

Carlos Ruiz-Guerra et al. 283 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Noteworthy bird records from the southern
Choco of Colombia

by Carlos Ruiz-Guerra, Richard Fohnston-Gonzalez, Yanira
Cifuentes-Sarmiento, Felipe A. Estela, L. Fernando Castillo,
Carlos E. Hernandez & Luis G. Naranjo

Received 21 September 2006; final revision received 26 September 2007

The Choco—Darién ecoregion complex extends from southern Panama to north-west
Ecuador, and from the ridge of the Colombian Western Andes to the Pacific Ocean,
and is one of the most biodiverse areas in the planet (Hernandez-Camacho et al.
1992, Dinerstein et al. 1995). The Choco is a centre of endemism for many
taxonomic groups (Orejuela 1987), and the lowland forests between the southern
Serrania del Baudo in Colombia and Esmeraldas province, Ecuador, comprise one
of the most significant Endemic Bird Areas in South America (Stattersfield et al.
1998).

However, ornithological knowledge of the Colombian Choco is still meagre, as
many of its c.800 species (Stiles 1993, Rangel et al. 2004) have been recorded at
only a few localities, mostly in the piedmont of the Western Andes, along the few
roads connecting the Pacific coast to the interior: e.g. the Anchicaya Valley (Hilty
1997), La Planada (Orejuela 1987), the Pasto-Tumaco road (Salaman 1994) and the
Rio Nambi Nature Reserve (Strewe 1999). Another important inventory is that of
Rodriguez (1982) for Katios National Park, in the northern Choco. Lowland forest
and mangrove have been poorly surveyed, except for the classic inventory by

Pacific

Ocean
El Cauchal \ Mulatos ike
El Naranjo ue ’ soit oot
se Amarales

Isla Pajaros
ve

| Setanta das Gsudes

Sanquianga
National Park

PRS San Guan

bf
I
I
I
I
i
I
I
I
1
1
|
| Pacific Ocean
{
I
|
I
|
H
i
|
1
i

=
—

78°30' 78°2S' 78°20' 78°15" 78°10' 78°S'

Figure 1. Map and location of the study site.

Carlos Ruiz-Guerra et al. 284 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Olivares (1957a,b, 1958) of Guapi (Cauca), and a few notes on birds of mudflats and
mangrove (e.g. Pearson-Ralph & Chaplin 1973, Naranjo et al. 1998, Morales &
Leon 2000).

Since 1989, Asociacion Calidris has been investigating coastal ecosystems in the
Colombian Pacific, and since 1999 much of this work has focused on Sanquianga
National Park, including bird surveys (Johnston et al. 2000), life-history studies
(Johnston 2000, Ruiz 2004, Casas 2005, Cifuentes 2005, Johnston et al. 2005),
shorebird population monitoring (Asociaci6n Calidris 2003), and since 2000, an
environmental education strategy centred on migratory species (Pefia et al. 2004).
We have recorded 143 species of birds in the coastal environments of Sanquianga
and adjacent areas, 32 of which are of interest geographically: two represent second
records for Colombia, 12 are first records for the Pacific coast of the country, 16
range extensions within the Colombian Pacific and two are new localities for
Neotropical migrants.

Study site

Sanquianga National Park is on the north coast of dpto. Narifio, at 02°40’—02°22’N,
78°02’—78°05’W (Fig. 1), and is an Important Bird Area (Franco-Maya & Bravo
2005). Most of the 80,000 ha comprise the estuaries of the Sanquianga delta, whose
shores are covered by the largest and best-preserved mangrove in Colombia (Garcés
& Zerda 1994). At least eight settlements, mostly depending on fisheries and
forestry lie within the park and possess a population of c.10,000 (MA-UAESPNN
1998). Within the park’s buffer zone are several sandbars, islets and mudflats, some
of them of considerable size, and covered by grasses, small wetlands with some
emergent vegetation and a few trees (e.g. Hibiscus tiliaceus). One of the largest
islets, La Cunita, represents one of the most important shorebird roost sites and
feeding areas in Colombia (Naranjo et al. 2006).

Species accounts

Previous distributional data are primarily taken from Hilty & Brown (1986), or
Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) for Ecuador. For many records we possess
photographic evidence that is available at www.calidris.org.co/Sanquianga paper.
Some specimens have been deposited in the Universidad del Valle (UV), Cali, and
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (ICN), Bogota collections. A complete list of those
species recorded in Sanquianga’s coastal environments is available on request.

CINNAMON TEAL Anas cyanoptera

Three observed in small tidal ponds between Mulatos and La Vigia on 23 July 2000
(RJG), and RJG, CRG and YCS video-taped two in La Cunita and El Cauchal on 24
October 2003. Previously recorded on the Pacific coast of Colombia at Jurado. Our
records represent a 500 km southerly range extension.

Carlos Ruiz-Guerra et al. 285 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

BARE-THROATED TIGER HERON Tigrisoma mexicanum

Found regularly at Carboncillal in April 1999 and in the mangrove of Amarales in
April—July 2004. Not reported in Ecuador, but a few records in northern Peru
(Valqui & Walker 1999) and in Colombia it also occurs in the lower Atrato and the
Gulf of Uraba, and the rio Sint delta on the Caribbean coast (Estela & Lopez-
Victoria 2005). Our record represents a 600 km southerly range extension.

BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON WNjycticorax nycticorax

On 30 June and 14 July 2000, singles were at Amarales and La Vigia, respectively
(RJG). In September—October 2003, CRG observed ten adults at La Cunita and on
15 May 2004 YCS & CRG recorded an adult in the mangrove at Carboncillal.
Recorded virtually throughout Colombia, but ours are the first confirmed
observations for the Pacific coast and a 245 km northerly range extension from the
mangroves of the Ecuadorian coast, where it is common between Esmeraldas and El
Oro.

WHITE IBIS Eudocimus albus

On 21 May 2004, we filmed a flock of 16 flying over Isla Pajaros. Despite the lack
of previous records in the area, the species’ presence was not unexpected given that
it occurs on the eastern Pacific coast of Panama and the northern Ecuadorian coast
(140 km to the south). In Colombia, it occurs on the Caribbean coast and east to the
Andes, up to 500 m.

GREATER FLAMINGO Phoenicopterus ruber

The first confirmed record for the Colombian Pacific coast is of a bird video-taped
at La Cunita on 31 July and 7 September 2003. However, National Park staff
informed us of an individual at El Naranjo in 1998. These birds had probably
escaped from captivity, given that the species is traded illegally in Colombia (Roda
et al. 2003), whilst the nearest breeding population is on Galapagos. Nonetheless,
the good plumage condition of the La Cunita bird might suggest a wild bird.
Possibly the 1998 bird was a Chilean Flamingo P. chilensis, a species common on
the Ecuadorian coast, but the La Cunita bird was clearly a Greater Flamingo based
on size, bill shape and body coloration.

COLLARED FOREST FALCON Micrastur semitorquatus

A dead individual, found at El Cacao on 22 May 1999 (RJG), was preserved as a
specimen (UV 6296). On the Pacific coast of Colombia it was known from as far
south as the mouth of the rio Munchique and in La Planada reserve in the Andes of
Narino (Salaman 1994), as well as in the Magdalena Valley and the northern
Caribbean coast. In Ecuador it occurs throughout the Pacific lowlands. The first
record in the coastal Chocé of Colombia and a 120 km southerly and 150 km
westerly range extension.

Carlos Ruiz-Guerra et al. 286 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

GREY-NECKED WOOD RAIL Aramides cajanea

Frequently seen and heard in 2003 in mangroves within the park (CRG, RJG).
Recorded throughout lowland Colombia, but on the Pacific coast known only from
the Panamian border region to the Baudé mountains (300 km to the north. No
records from the Ecuadorian Pacific coast.

AMERICAN GOLDEN PLOVER Pluvialis dominica

The first record in the Sanquianga area involved one in breeding plumage on 28 July
2000 (RJG). On 5 November 2003, CRG photographed two in winter plumage in La
Vigia. Recorded on the Pacific coast of Colombia only at Buenaventura (170 km to
the north), as well as from the Caribbean (Naranjo 1979, Estela & Lopez-Victoria
2005), and at localities east to the Andes in north-west Meta, Tuparro National Park
in eastern Vichada, and Leticia (Hilty & Brown 1986). No records from coastal
Ecuador (Ridgely & Greenfield 2001), although Canevari et al. (2001) mentioned
that it is an occasional visitor to both coasts of northern South America.

COLLARED PLOVER Charadrius collaris

Recorded in March—June 2004 at Mulatos (CRG). Known to be a permanent
(breeding) resident at a variety of wetlands in the Cauca, Magdalena and Patia
valleys, but also recorded as a migrant in the eastern Llanos and Amazonia
(Canevari et al. 2001). Ours is the first confirmed record for the Pacific coast of
northern South America.

AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHER Haematopus palliatus

On 12 June and 14 July 2000, one observed between Mulatos and Amarales (FAE,
RJG, LFC). In 2003—04, small numbers were seen at La Cunita, where a nest with
three eggs was found on 17 June 2004; the first confirmed breeding record for the
Colombian Pacific. Recorded at few localities on both coasts (only Buenaventura in
the Pacific, 170 km to the north) and found nesting in the Caribbean on the Guajira
Peninsula (Diaz & Botero 1988). Its presence in Ecuador is presumed for the whole
coast, but has been confirmed only in the Gulf of Guayaquil.

MARBLED GODWIT Limosa fedoa

In September—December 2003, one was photographed on the mudflats between El
Cauchal and La Vigia (CRG, RJG). In Colombia, the only confirmed records are
from two localities on the Caribbean coast (Naranjo 1979). Two old records from
Ecuador, from Guayas and El Oro in the early 20th century.

UPLAND SANDPIPER Bartramia longicauda

One in the grasslands at El Cauchal on 17 October 2003 (CRG). Recorded at a
number of wetlands in the interior of Colombia, and at two localities on the
Caribbean coast. In Ecuador, it has been reported only from Andean and Amazonian
localities.

Carlos Ruiz-Guerra et al. 287 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

SURFBIRD 4phriza virgata

One with Ruddy Turnstones Arenaria interpres at Mulatos on 12 September 2003
(Ruiz 2004). Other sight records are also from the Pacific coast, namely Isla
Gorgona (Ortiz-von Halle 1990), Tumaco (Salaman 1995) and Bahia Solano
(Kelsey 1999); the only specimen from Colombia was taken by LGN at Punta
Soldado, Buenaventura Bay, in January 1993. Its presence has been suggested for
the entire Ecuadorian coast, particularly north of Guayas.

WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER Calidris fuscicollis

In September—October 2003, several groups were observed on sandy beaches and in
pastures between Mulatos and El Cauchal (CRG). In Colombia, known from a few
localities on the Caribbean coast (Naranjo 1979) and in Amazonia; ours is the first
record on the Pacific coast of northern South America. Identification was based on
the all-white uppertail and the long wings extending beyond the tail.

BAIRD’S SANDPIPER Calidris bairdii

One in a pasture very close to the sandy beach of El Cauchal in October-November
2003 (Ruiz 2004). In Colombia, known from several localities on the Caribbean
coast (Naranjo 1979, Estela & Lopez-Victoria 2005), Puracé National Park, the
Popayan plateau (Negret 1995) and upper Cauca Valley (LGN pers. obs.). The first
record on the Pacific coast of northern South America. Like C. fuscicollis the
wingtips extend beyond the tail, but C. bairdii differs in having a dark centre to the
rump.

DUNLIN Calidris alpina

On 19—25 September 2003, one was on a tidal flat at El Cauchal, feeding with Short-
billed Dowitchers Limnodromus griseus and Sanderlings Calidris alba (CRG).
Separared from other Calidris by its larger size and rather long, droop-tipped bill.
Several recent observations in coastal Ecuador, but this is only the second record for
Colombia after that by Salaman (1995) at Isla Bocagrande, near Tumaco, in
September 1994.

STILT SANDPIPER Calidris himantopus

Two at La Cunita on 30 September 2003 (RJG, CEH). Previous Colombian records
include one locality in the Caribbean, one on the northern Pacific coast (500 km to
the north) and the rio Arauca, east of the Andes. Two localities in Ecuador: east of
Guayas and Ecuasal ponds.

BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER Tryngites subruficollis

Three roosting on a mudflat at El Cauchal on 25 September 2003, and an immature
trapped and photographed at La Cunita on 15 October 2003 (CRG, RJG CEH).
Previous Colombian records are from three localities on the Caribbean coast, the
Andes of Popayan (Negret 1995), and the eastern Llanos in dpto. Meta; in Ecuador,
it has been recorded only at Andean and Amazonian localities.

Carlos Ruiz-Guerra et al. 288 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

HERRING GULL Larus argentatus

On 22 May 2004, we found a first-summer at La Cunita; the bird was incapable of
flight and was collected (ICN 35426). Only occasional in north-west South
America, being extremely rare in Ecuador, with only a few sight records for
Colombia, at three localities on the Caribbean coast (Naranjo 1979) and two in the
Pacific (Buenaventura and Malaga Bay; Naranjo & Franke-Ante 1995).

BLACK SKIMMER Rynchops niger

One on a mudflat at La Vigia on 14 May 2004 (CRG, YCS). Recorded regularly in
Colombia on the Caribbean coast, in the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and east to
the Andes in the Orinoco basin and Amazonia. On the Pacific coast recorded only
from Malaga Bay (180 km to the north), by LGN.

PALLID DOVE Leptotila pallida

Regularly recorded (July 1999—June 2004) between Mulatos and La Vigia, at El
Cacao. Known from the west slope of the Andes below 700 m, from the rio San Juan
south to Narino, and the Pacific lowlands of Ecuador.

YELLOW-BILLED CUCKO Coccyzus americanus
A single near Carboncillal on 26 February 1999 (RJG). In Colombia known mostly
from the Andes, but also recorded from the piedmont of the Orinoco, Amazonia and
the northern Pacific coast; no records from the Pacific lowlands of Ecuador. Our
record represents a 400 km southerly range extension.

VIOLET-BELLIED HUMMINGBIRD Damophila julie

On 14 July 2000 a single was mist-netted at Amarales (RJG), and another was
observed on 14 December 2003 at Mulatos (CRG, CEH). Common throughout the
Caribbean lowlands of Colombia and the Magdalena Valley, with a few records
from the northern Choco. In Ecuador it is widespread throughout the Pacific
lowlands. Our records represent a 400 km southerly and 150 km northerly range
extension along the northern South American Pacific coast.

WHITE-VENTED PLUMELETEER Chalybura buffoni

The first record for the southern lowlands of the Colombian Pacific comes from the
mangroves of Sanquianga National Park on 15 July 2000 (RJG). Known in the
Choco region from the Uraba Gulf south to the Anchicaya Valley (150 km to the
north-east) in Colombia, and from south of Guayaquil in Ecuador (630 km south).

GOLDEN-OLIVE WOODPECKER Piculus rubiginosus

The first record for the Choco lowlands of Colombia involved one at the edge of a
mangrove at El Naranjo on 14 July 2000 (RJG). Widespread and common
throughout the Colombian Andes above 900 m, and in Ecuador occurs throughout
the Pacific lowlands.

Carlos Ruiz-Guerra et al. 289 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

CRIMSON-CRESTED WOODPECKER Campephilus melanoleucos

Observed regularly in 1999-2003 in mature mangroves with tall trees. Found
throughout most of Colombia, except the south-west, in dptos. Cauca and Narifo.
No records from the Pacific lowlands of Ecuador.

DOUBLE-BANDED GREYTAIL Xenerpestes minlosi

On 4 May 1999, this species was found at Carboncillal (RJG), extending its range
in the Colombian Choco from the headwaters of the rio San Juan in dptos. Choco
and Valle del Cauca (180 km to the north). Records in western Ecuador (240 km to
the south) come from Pichincha and Imbabura provinces, at 400-500 m.

SHORT-TAILED FIELD TYRANT Muscigralla brevicauda

On 7 June 2000, one was mist-netted in Uniola pittieri grassland at El Naranjo
(FAE, RJG). This flycatcher’s range extends from the xeric habitats of Esmeraldas,
in Ecuador, to northern Chile. The only previous record for Colombia was from Isla
Gorgona (Ortiz-von Halle 1990), making ours the second Colombian and first
mainland record.

EASTERN KINGBIRD Tyrannus tyrannus

An adult male was mist-netted on 26 March 2004 at Mulatos by YCS and CRG
Found throughout most of Colombia, but ours is the first record from the Pacific
lowlands. In Ecuador, recorded from the foothills of the Pichincha at c.500 m.

BROWN-CHESTED MARTIN Progne tapera

Groups of 2—8 were frequently seen on coasts in April-May 2000 and 2003. Known
to occur on the Pacific coast from southern Ecuador to northern Peru, but in
Colombia it had been previously recorded only on the Caribbean coast, in the
Magdalena Valley and east of the Andes.

TROPICAL MOCKINGBIRD Mimus gilvus

Frequently seen at Mulatos and El Naranjo in 2003—04, though we never found
more than two at a given locality. On 13 April 2004, we found a nest with three eggs,
in the stump of a dead palm at Mulatos. Widespread in Colombia, on the Caribbean
coast, in the Andes and in the eastern Llanos. In Ecuador it occurs in the highlands
of Imbabura and western Napo, at 1,900—2,600 m.

PROTHONOTARY WARBLER Protonotaria citrea

The only published record for the Colombian Pacific is from Nuqui. Recorded in
mangroves at Ensenada de Utria National Park, in the bays of Cupica and Jurubida
in February—March and November—December 1996 (LFC), and in mangrove at El
Naranjo on 20 March 2004 (CRG). Two records for the Pacific coast of Ecuador, in
Esmeraldas. Our records suggest it occurs at very low densities on the Colombian
Pacific coast.

Carlos Ruiz-Guerra et al. 290 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Concluding remarks

Sanquianga National Park is an important stopover for several migrant shorebirds
(Naranjo et al. 2006), and its strategic location led to its recent designation as an
Important Bird Area (Franco-Maya & Bravo 2005). However, the area’s importance
goes beyond the provision of a safe haven for shorebirds, as its vast mangrove
forests harbour populations of several Choco endemics, e.g. White-whiskered
Hermit Phaethornis yaruqui, Pallid Dove, Rose-faced Parrot Gypopsitta pulcra,
Double-banded Greytail, Black-tipped Cotinga Carpodectes hopkei and Flame-
rumped Tanager Ramphocelus flammigerus, nationally threatened species such as
Cinnamon Teal, Brown Wood Rail Aramides wolfi and Guayaquil Woodpecker
Campephilus gayaquilensis (Renjifo et al. 2002), and the globally threatened Buff-
breasted Sandpiper (BirdLife International 2000).

Although our observations were restricted to the coastal habitats of Sanquianga,
the existence of vast inland forests in the protected area suggests that it could also
contain healthy populations of other endemic and/or threatened species, including
Rufous-headed Chachalaca Ortalis erythroptera, Orange-fronted Barbet Capito
squamatus, Spot-crowned Barbet Capito quinticolor, Chocéd Woodpecker
Veniliornis chocoensis, Rufous-crowned Antpitta Pittasoma rufopileatum and
Ochraceous Attila Attila torridus. Unfortunately, these are threatened by extremely
high deforestation rates (Etter et al. 2006).

Habitat disturbance probably explains the geographic expansion of several
species from higher elevations in the western Andes or from xeric habitats of coastal
Ecuador (Ortiz-von Halle 1990), such as Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis and Tropical
Mockingbird. Other apparent range extensions, e.g. that of Short-tailed Field Tyrant,
might reflect seasonal movements from the arid zone of coastal Ecuador, as already
suggested by Chapman (1927) and Ortiz-von Halle (1990). Recently, other species
of similar credentials have been recorded in coastal Narino, for instance Peruvian
Meadowlark Sturnella bellicosa (Johnston et al. 2006). Most of the new records
presented here amply illustrate the limited knowledge of the birds in coastal areas
of Colombia, especially mangrove, which are often dismissed as being relatively
poor habitats for birds (Naranjo 1997), but as demonstrated by recent studies on the
Caribbean coast (Estela & Lopez-Victoria 2005) represent critical habitat for many
resident and migrant species (Naranjo et al. 2006). Further ornithological work to
better document the diversity and distribution of coastal and lowland species in the
Pacific is required.

Acknowledgements

Asociacion Calidris’ work in Sanquianga has been supported by WWF-Colombia and the Fondo Para la
Accion Ambiental. We acknowledge the logistic support and continued interest of the Colombian
National Parks Unit, in particular its Southwestern Territorial Office and technical staff at Sanquianga, as
well as the hospitality of the local communities in Mulatos, La Vigia and Amarales. We are grateful for
the voluntary help of numerous students, especially Jeisson Zamudio and Paula A. Casas, whilst
identification of museum specimens was made by F. G. Stiles and the flamingo photo by F. Arengo, A.
Pantaleon and O. Rocha. G. M. Kirwan and C. D. Cadena made helpful comments on the manuscript.

Carlos Ruiz-Guerra et al. 2911 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

References:

Asociacion Calidris. 2003. Programa de monitoreo de aves acuaticas en Parques Nacionales del Pacifico
Colombiano. Technical report. Fondo para la Accion Ambiental, UAESPNN Territorial
Suroccidente, Cali.

BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened birds of the world. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona & BirdLife
International, Cambridge, UK.

Canevari, P., Castro, G., Sallaberry, M. & Naranjo, L. G. 2001. Guia de los chorlos y playeros de la region
Neotropical. American Bird Conservancy, WWF, Manomet, Centre for Conservation Society &
Asociacion Calidris, Cali.

Casas, P. A. 2005. Seleccion de habitat de anidacion y formacion de colonias del Gaviotin Blanco Sterna
nilotica (Aves: Laridae) en el Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga, Pacifico colombiano.
Undergraduate thesis. Universidad del Valle, Cali.

Chapman, F. M. 1927. Description of new birds from northwestern Peru and western Colombia. Amer.
Mus. Novit. 250: 1-7.

Cifuentes, Y. 2005. Exito reproductivo de Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Aves: Pelecaniformes) y su
relacion con la tala de arboles en el Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga, Narifio, Colombia.
Undergraduate thesis. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota.

Diaz, J. M. & Botero, J. E. 1988. Primer registro de reproduccién del ostrero, Haematopus palliatus
(Aves: Haematopodidae) en Colombia. 7rianea (2): 497—S00.

Dinerstein, E., Olson, D. M., Gram, D. J., Webster, A. L., Primm, S. A., Bookbinder, M. P. & Ledec, G.
1995. Una evaluacion del estado de conservacion de las ecorregiones de América Latina y el
Caribe. Banco Mundial & WWF, Washington DC.

Estela, F. A. & Lopez-Victoria, M. 2005. Aves de la parte baja del rio Sint, Caribe colombiano: inven-
tario y ampliaciones de distribucion. Bol. Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras 34: 7-42.

Etter, A., McAlpine, C., Wilson, K., Phinn, S. & Possigham, H. 2006. Regional patterns of agricultural
land use and deforestation in Colombian. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environ. 114: 369-386.

Franco-Maya, A. M. & Bravo, G. A. 2005. Areas importantes para la conservacion de las aves en
Colombia. Pp. 117-281 in Boyla, K. & Estrada, A. (eds.) Areas importantes para la conservacion
de las aves en los Andes tropicales; sitios prioritarios para la conservacion de la biodiversidad.
BirdLife Internacional & Conservacion Internacional, Quito.

Garcés, D. M. & de la Zerda, S. 1994. Gran libro de los parques nacionales de Colombia. Circulo de
Lectores, Bogota.

Hernandez-Camacho, J. I., Walschburger, T., Ortiz, R. & Hurtado, A. 1992. Origen y distribucion de la
biota suramericana y colombiana. Pp. 175—190 in Halfter, G (ed.) La diversidad biologica de
Iberoamerica I. Acta Zool. Mexicana (special volume).

Hilty, S. L. 1997. Seasonal distribution of birds at a cloud-forest locality, the Anchicaya Valley, in west-
ern Colombia. Pp. 321—344 in Remsen, J. V. (ed.) Studies in Neotropical ornitholgy honoring Ted
Parker. Orn. Monogr. 48.

Hilty, S. L. & Brown, W. L. 1986. A guide to the birds of Colombia. Princeton Univ. Press.

Johnston, R. 2000. Tamafio poblacional, habitat, y conservacién del Cormoran Neotropical
(Phalacrocorax brasilianus) en el Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga (Narifo, Colombia).
Undergraduate thesis. Universidad del Valle, Cali.

Johnston, R., Angarita, I., Arbelaez, D. & Estela, F. A. 2000. Expedicion Calidris-Sanquianga 2000.
Technical report. Asociacion Calidris, Cali.

Johnston, R., Arbelaez, D. & Angarita, I. 2005. Primeros registros de reproduccion del Gaviotin Blanco
(Gelochelidon nilotica) en Colombia. Orn. Colombiana 3: 84-87.

Johnston-Gonzalez, R., Ruiz-Guerra, C. J., Hernandez, C. E., Castillo, L. F. & Cifuentes-Sarmiento, Y.
2006. Sturnella bellicosa sigue aumentando su distribucion en Colombia. Orn. Colombiana 4:
64-65.

Kelsey, M. 1999. Tercer registro del ave playera (Aphriza virgata) en Colombia. Bol. SAO 10(18—19):
53-54.

Carlos Ruiz-Guerra et al. 292 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

MA-UAESPNN. 1998. Plan de manejo Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga. Ministerio del Medio
Ambiente, Cali.

Morales, G. & Leon, A. 2000. La avifauna asociada a un manglar, golfo de Tortugas, Pacifico colom-
biano. Bol. SAO 11(20-21): 49-55.

Naranjo, L. G. 1979. Las aves narinas del Caribe colombiano: taxonomia, zoogeografia y anotaciones
ecologicas. Tesis de grado. Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bogota.

Naranjo, L. G. 1997. A note on the birds of the Colombia Pacific mangroves. Pp. 64—70 in Kjerfve, B.,
de Lacerda, L. D. & Salif-Diop, E. H. (eds.) Mangrove ecosystem studies in Latin America and
Africa. UNESCO, Paris.

Naranjo, L. G, Aparicio, A. & Falk, P. 1998. Evaluacion de areas importantes para aves marinas y play-
eras en el litoral Pacifico colombiano. Technical report. Fondo FEN, Calli.

Naranjo, L. G., Castillo, L. F., Johnston-Gonzales, R., Hernandez, C. E., Ruiz, C. & Estela, F. A. 2006.
Waterbird monitoring and conservation in protected areas of the Colombian Pacific. Pp. 177—180 in
Boere, G. C., Galbraith, C. A., Scott, D., Stroud, D. A. & Underhill, L. G (eds.) Waterbirds around
the world. Proceedings of a global conference on waterbird flyways, Edinburgh, April 2004.
Wetlands International.

Naranjo, L. G & Franke-Ante, R. 1995. Registros inusuales de gaviotas para el occidente colombiano.
Bol. SAO 6(11): 13-15.

Negret, A. J. 1995. Notas sobre los chorlitos migratorios en los alrededores de Popayan. Bol. SAO 5(10):
8—10.

Olivares, A. 1957a. Aves de la costa del Pacifico, Municipio de Guapi, Cauca, Colombia, I. Caldasia 7:
359-381.

Olivares, A. 1957b. Aves de la costa del Pacifico, Municipio de Guapi, Cauca, Colombia, II. Caldasia 7:
33-93.

Olivares, A. 1958. Aves de la costa del Pacifico, Municipio de Guapi, Cauca, Colombia, III. Caldasia 8:
217-251.

Orejuela, J. E. 1987. La reserva natural “La Planada” y la biogeografia andina. Humboldtia 1: 117-148.

Ortiz-von Halle, B. 1990. Adiciones a la avifauna de Colombia de especies arribadas a la Isla Gorgona.
Caldasia 16: 209-214.

Pearson-Ralph, C. & Chaplin, S. J. 1973. Some birds of ist Punta Arenas, Pacific coast, Colombia.
Condor 75: 357-359

Pena, V., Falk, P. & Castillo L. F. 2004. El Festival de las Especies Migratorias: una estrategia social para
la conservacion. Pp 31-40 in Campos, N. H. & Acero, A. (eds.) Contribuciones en ciencias del mar
en Colombia: investigacion y desarrollo de territorios promisorios. Universidad Nacional de
Colombia, Bogota.

Rangel-C., J. O., Garzon-C., A. & Caicedo, P. 2004. Catalogo de aves en el Choco biogeografico. Pp.
678-723 in Rangel-C., J. O. (ed.) Colombia, diversidad bidtica IV: El Choco biogeografico / costa
Pacifica. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota.

Renjifo, L. M., Franco-Maya, A. M., Amaya-Espinel, J. D., Kattan, G H. & Lopez-Lanus, B. 2002. Libro
Rojo de aves de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von
Humboldt y Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Bogota.

Ridgely, R. S. & Greenfield, P. J. 2001. The birds of Ecuador. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY.

Roda, J., Franco, A. M., Baptiste, M. P., Munera, C. & Gomez, D. M. 2003. Manual de identificacion
CITES de aves de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von
Humboldt y Ministerio de Ambiente & Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, Bogota.

Rodriguez, J. V. 1982. Aves del Parque Nacional Los Katios. INDERENA, Bogota.

Ruiz, C. J. 2004. Distribucién espacio-temporal y comportamiento de aves playeras en el Parque
Nacional Natural Sanquianga (Narifio, Colombia). Undergraduate thesis. Universidad del Atlantico,
Barranquilla.

Salaman, P. 1994. Surveys and conservation of biodiversity in the Choco, south west Colombia. BirdLife
International, Cambridge, UK.

Salaman, P. 1995. The rediscovery of Tumaco Seedeater Sporophila insulata. Cotinga 4: 33-35.

Carlos Ruiz-Guerra et al. 293 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M. J., Long, A. J. & Wege, D. C. 1998. Endemic Bird Areas of the world: pri-
orities for biodiversity conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.

Stiles, F. G. 1993. La avifauna. Pp. 248—255 in Leyva, P. (ed.) Colombia Pacifico. Fondo FEN, Bogota.

Strewe, R. 1999. Areal strukturen und dynamiken von Tangaren (Thraupinae) im stidwestlichen
Kolumbien. Ph.D. dissertation. Institute of Biogeography, Saarland Univ., Saarbriicken.

Valqui, T. & Walker, B. 1999. Importance of mangrove forest in Peru with notes on Bare-throated Tiger-
heron Jigrisoma mexicanum and Rufous-necked Wood-rail Aramides axillaris. Cotinga 18: 56-61.

Addresses: Carlos J. Ruiz, Yanira Cifuentes, Richard Johnston, Felipe A. Estela, Carlos E. Hernandez, L.
Fernando Castillo and Luis G, Naranjo, Asociacion para el Estudio y Conservacion de las Aves
Acuaticas en Colombia (Calidris), Cra. 24F Oeste # 3-25, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, e-mail:
calidris@calidris.org.co. Luis G. Naranjo, WWF-Colombia, Cra. 35 # 4A-25, Cali, Valle del Cauca,
Colombia, e-mail: lgnaranjo@wwf.org.co

© British Ornithologists’ Club 2007

Ornithological notes from southern Bolivia
by Ff. A. Tobias & N. Seddon

Received 20 November 2006

The avifauna of the southern Bolivian departments of Chuquisaca and Tarija is
relatively poorly known (Fyjeldsa & Mayer 1996), a fact reflected in the huge
increase in the number of species listed for these geopolitical units between the
1980s (Remsen & Traylor 1989) and 2003 (Hennessey et al. 2003). Very few sites
have been adequately surveyed, suggesting that much remains to be discovered
about the ornithology of this region.

During visits in 2003—06 to these departments, as well as to neighbouring
southern dpto. Santa Cruz, we made several interesting observations, including the
first documented Bolivian records of Coscoroba Swan Coscoroba coscoroba and
the nominate race of Silvery Grebe Podiceps occipitalis, details of which are
presented here. We also report the second and third documented records of Black-
headed Duck Heteronetta atricapilla, and three new species for dpto. Chuquisaca,
all from the Montes Chapeados region. Lastly, we gathered data that help to clarify
the status of Quebracho Crested-tinamou Eudromia formosa, a scarce Chaco
endemic (Short 1975).

We present identifiable field photographs in support of three of these sightings.
Taxonomy and nomenclature follow Remsen et al. (2007).

Survey sites

The following is a numbered list of Bolivian locality names mentioned herein and
mapped in Fig. 1. Coordinates were taken using a Garmin GPS 60, except where
stated. Localities are listed from north to south.

J. A. Tobias & N. Seddon 294 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

SANTA CRUZ

POTOSI

PARAGUAY

TARIJA

ARGENTINA scat

40 0 4080 km
os es

Figure 1. Map of relevant Bolivian departmental boundaries with survey sites, arranged from north to
south and numbered as in the text.

(1) Laguna Camatindi (20°20’S, 63°17’ W), c.600 m, Santa Cruz, 20-21 and 25 July
2006. A large lake near Boyuibe, surrounded by agricultural smallholdings and low
Chaco scrub. Lake margins include extensive aquatic vegetation and flooded fields.
Hunting is apparently prohibited and the wetland appears to be important for
waterfowl, at least in the austral winter. It perhaps deserves classification as an
Important Bird Area.

(2) Cerro Campamentito (20°48’S, 64°32’W: coordinates from S. Mayer in Jitt.
2005), Chuquisaca, 6 October 2003. This mountain, in the Montes Chapeados
region of south-central Chuquisaca, supports large areas of humid forest up to 3,000
m. We surveyed the trail between El Palmar and Puca Pampa. A more detailed
description of habitat was published in Fjeldsa & Mayer (1996).

(3) Cerro Bufete (20°49’S, 64°22’W: coordinates from Schulenberg & Awbrey
1997), 2,000 m, Chuquisaca, 4 October 2003. Located above the village of El
Palmar (1,000 m), this mountain is cloaked in humid forest between c.1,300 and
1,950 m. Detailed habitat descriptions were given by Fyjeldsa & Mayer (1996) and
Schulenberg & Awbrey (1997).

(4) Carapari (c.20°56’S, 64°39’ W), c.1,000 m, Chuquisaca, 9 October 2003. This
small town stands beside the rio Pilaya in the semi-arid Valles region. Above it,
steep slopes are partially covered with habitat resembling Chaco forest in structure,

J. A. Tobias & N. Seddon 295 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Figure 2. Coscoroba Swan Coscoroba coscoroba, laguna Capirenda, near Boyuibe, dpto. Santa Cruz,
July 2005; the first documented record for Bolivia (J. A. Tobias)

Wiad
etic iaiis RT AB al

Figure 3. Black-headed Duck Heteronetta atricapilla, laguna Capirenda, near Boyuibe, dpto. Santa Cruz,
July 2005; the first documented record for Bolivia in 90 years (J. A. Tobias)

Figure 4. Silvery Grebe Podiceps occipitalis occipitalis, laguna Capirenda, near Boyuibe, dpto. Santa
Cruz, July 2005; first documented record for Bolivia (J. A. Tobias)

characterised by low-stature deciduous trees, terrestrial bromeliads and columnar
cacti (including Trichocereus sp.). This habitat extends to c.2,000 m, above which
grassy slopes rise to over 3,000 m.

(5) San Ramon (21°00’S, 63°19’W), 450 m, Chuquisaca/Tarija, 18-19 July 2006. A
village just east of the paved Santa Cruz—Villa Montes road surrounded by
agricultural clearings and moist forest (canopy 20 m).

(6) Capirenda (21°05’S, 63°01’W), 400 m, Tarija, 19-20 July 2006. Coordinates
taken from a small rush-fringed pool in low Chaco woodland, close to a little-used

J. A. Tobias & N. Seddon 296 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

unpaved road, c.2 km from Capirenda village. A larger lake is situated in the village,
but this is more disturbed and much less attractive to wildfowl (many coots Fulica).

(7) Villa Montes (21°16’S, 63°27’W), 400 m, Tarya, 18 July 2006. A small town
near the base of the Andes surrounded by tall moist woodland, similar to that around
San Ramon.

Species accounts

QUEBRACHO CRESTED-TINAMOU Eudromia formosa

A record from 15 km north-east of Capirenda, dpto. Tarija, in August 1957 (Banks
1977; specimen in Los Angeles County Museum), was subsequently regarded as
provisional because the only individual collected was a chick, and therefore
indistinguishable from Elegant Crested-tinamou F. elegans (Remsen & Traylor
1983). This uncertainty led Hennessey et al. (2003) to list both species as
hypothetical in Bolivia.

We visited Capirenda for two days in 2006 but failed to encounter any Eudromia
tinamous. According to reports of three local hunters, a large, crested tinamou
occurs east of the village, towards the Paraguay border. It is said to be rare, and far
outnumbered by two smaller species (presumably Brushland Tinamou Nothoprocta
cinerascens and Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa, both of which we
encountered). The habitat throughout was dry Chaco woodland at 400 m with a 2-6
m canopy and grassy clearings. The only Eudromia liable to occur in such habitat is
E. formosa, which inhabits similar vegetation in neighbouring Argentina, and
Paraguay (M. Pearman in /itt. 2006, P. Smith in /itt. 2006). Habitat at Capirenda
recalls that near Joaquin V. Gonzales, prov. Salta (pers. obs.), a well-known locality
for E. formosa. Moreover, recent sightings of the species in Paraguay are from
within 65 km of the Bolivian border, and c.120 km from Capirenda. The favoured
habitat of E. elegans 1s open or low-stature vegetation (usually 0.3—1.0 m in height),
such as Patagonian scrub and monte scrub-desert, and it does not occur in Chaco
woodland (M. Pearman in /itt. 2006; contra Short 1975). The species has not been
recorded north the Calchaquies Valley, a dry intermontane valley (>1,000 m) in
west-central prov. Salta, Argentina, and is almost certainly absent from Bolivia due
to the absence of suitable habitat: the valley rises to a 5,000 m pass, above which
puna habitat extends to the Bolivia border (M. Pearman in /itt. 2006).

COSCOROBA SWAN Coscoroba coscoroba

A pair of adults at laguna Camatindi on 20-21 and 25 July 2006 is the first
documented record for Bolivia, and for dpto. Santa Cruz. The species was listed as
‘Hypothetical’ in Bolivia by Hennessey et al. (2003), on the basis of sightings in
Paraguay at laguna Palmar de las Islas, in Parque Nacional del Gran Chaco, dpto.
Santa Cruz, post-2000 (S. K. Herzog in litt. 2006). This lake has a Bolivian shore,
and the species probably ventured within Bolivian borders, although this was never

J. A. Tobias & N. Seddon 297 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

confirmed. A report in 2005 from the Bolivian Chaco (M. Herrera in /itt. 2006) is
unconfirmed.

This conspicuous waterbird is common in the Alto Chaco region of Paraguay in
the austral winter (Guyra Paraguay 2004), and fairly common even as far north as
south-central prov. Jujuy in neighbouring Argentina (M. Pearman in Jitt. 2006). It is
probably a regular visitor in small numbers to wetlands in the Bolivian Chaco.

BLACK-HEADED DUCK Heteronetta atricapilla

An adult male was photographed at Capirenda, dpto. Tarija on 19 July 2006. It was
seen alongside other waterfowl, including White-faced Whistling-duck
Dendrocygna viduata (12), Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata (1), Comb Duck
Sarkidiornis melanotos (1), Ringed Teal Callonetta leucophrys (c.30), Brazilian
Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis (c.15), White-cheeked Pintail Anas bahamensis (11),
Rosy-billed Pochard Netta peposaca (22), Masked Duck Oxyura dominica (4) and
Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps (5).

In the same month a group of four (apparently two pairs of adults) was
photographed on three dates at laguna Camatindi, with large numbers of waterfowl,
including Comb Duck (2), Ringed Teal (c¢.200), Brazilian Teal (c.10), White-
cheeked Pintail (c.200), Rosy-billed Pochard (c.50), Least Grebe Tachybaptus
dominicus (c.20), Pied-billed Grebe (c.25), White-tufted Grebe Rollandia rolland
(6), as well as White-winged Coot Fulica leucoptera (c.500) and White-faced Ibis
Plegadis chihi (c.100). At both localities, Black-headed Ducks were typically
sluggish and inconspicuous, usually loafing at the edge of floating aquatic
vegetation.

These are the second and third documented records for Bolivia, and the first for
90 years. They include the first record for dpto. Tarija, and the second for dpto.
Santa Cruz. The first Bolivian record was a female collected by J. Steinbach at
Buena Vista in May 1916 (Meyer de Schauensee 1966; specimen in Carnegie
Museum). A recent undocumented record involves unspecified numbers at laguna
Taputarenda, dpto. Santa Cruz, in February 2005 (Maillard et al. 2006). These
records suggest that the species is a regular visitor to Bolivia, probably as an austral
migrant. In neighbouring Paraguay, it is a scarce austral winter visitor to the Chaco
regions of Alto Chaco and Bajo Chaco (Guyra Paraguay 2004), whereas in
Argentina it is locally common year-round in southern prov. Salta, moving north in
the non-breeding season to prov. Santiago del Estero; there is also a specimen record
from prov. Chaco, curiously from the austral summer (M. Pearman in /itt. 2006).

SILVERY GREBE Podiceps occipitalis

At least two of the southern form occipitalis were photographed at laguna
Camatindi in July 2006. One had retained breeding plumage. The nearest known
breeding grounds are in prov. Santa Fe, Argentina (M. Pearman in /itt. 2006), and it
seems unlikely that breeding occurs in Bolivia.

J. A. Tobias & N. Seddon 298 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

The montane race juninensis is well known from Andean wetlands in Bolivia
(Fjeldsa & Krabbe 1990), but there are no confirmed records of occipitalis. The
latter taxon has been listed as possibly occurring in Bolivia (Hennessey et a/. 2003),
on the basis of a statement that it “winters in N of range’ (Llimona & del Hoyo
1992). It was also mapped as a winter visitor to the Pantanal of eastern Bolivia
(Fjeldsa & Krabbe 1990, Fjeldsa 2004), but the lowest altitudinal record in Bolivia
is 2,600 m (Hennessey et al. 2003), suggesting an error and that occipitalis—the
form most likely to occur in the lowlands—has never been reported from the
country. Interestingly, an immature of the Andean form juninensis was also present
at laguna Camatindi in July 2006 (photographed), thereby extending the lower
altitudinal range of this form to 600 m.

In Argentina, nominate occipitalis migrates north in the austral winter, occurring
in large numbers in prov. Santiago del Estero, but only infrequently further north, in
prov. Formosa and prov. Chaco (M. Pearman in /itt. 2006). It is scarce in Paraguay,
being known only from Alto Parana in the far south (Guyra Paraguay 2004). In
Chile it has been reported more than once at Chungara, Lauca National Park, a few
km from the Bolivian border (A. Jaramillo in /itt. 2006), suggesting that it occurs
more regularly in the highlands of Bolivia, and perhaps in southernmost Peru.

Nominate occipitalis and juninensis differ in several important features,
including face pattern, voice, habitat, migratory tendency and moult strategy
(Fjeldsa & Krabbe 1990, Jaramillo et al. 2003). These characters probably serve to
maintain reproductive isolation as no intermediate individuals have been reported,
despite apparent contact in their breeding ranges (M. Pearman in /itt. 2006). The two
forms warrant treatment as separate species (Jaramillo et al. 2003).

WHITE-RUMPED HAWK Buteo leucorrhous

Two pairs in flight at Cerro Campamentito on 6 October 2003, one either side of the
main ridge, represented the first record for dpto. Chuquisaca. One pair was
displaying and vocalising, suggesting that the species breeds in the vicinity. This
record fills a small gap in the species’ range and suggests a continuous distribution
through Bolivian montane forests from Peru to Argentina.

OILBIRD Steatornis caripensis

One in flight over montane forest at a camp at c.1,900 m on Cerro Bufete, dpto.
Chuquisaca, in October 2003. Although seen only for c.5 seconds, the bird was
easily identified by its distinctive long-winged, almost gull-like, shape and odd
guttural alarm-note with which we were familiar from breeding sites further north.
The known range extends south to the mountains of Ambor6é National Park, dpto.
Santa Cruz (Hennessey et al. 2003). As the record is extralimital, and lacks
evidence, it should not be treated as proof of occurrence in dpto. Chuquisaca; further
documentation is required.

J. A, Tobias & N. Seddon 299 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

CRESTED GALLITO Rhinocrypta lanceolata

One at 2,050 m on steep slopes above Carapari, in October 2003. This record
(documented with sound-recordings and photographs) is the first for dpto.
Chuquisaca, and the highest-ever altitude on record. In Argentina, the nominate race
is known from Chaco woodland and monte scrub to 1,800 m (Mazar Barnett &
Pearman 2001, Krabbe & Schulenberg 2003), but the previous upper-elevational
limit in Bolivia was just 600 m (Hennessey et al. 2003). This disparity led to the
statement that saturata, supposedly restricted to Bolivia and west Paraguay, was
distributed ‘only in lowlands’ (Krabbe & Schulenberg 2003). It was not possible to
identify the Chuquisaca gallito to subspecies, but given the locality we assume that
saturata 1s involved, and that this form has a much broader altitudinal range than
previously known. It probably extends along semi-arid watersheds of the southern
Valles region to the montane zone, principally along the rios Pilaya and Pilcomayo.

WHITE-BROWED GROUND-TYRANT Muscisaxicola albilora

Four seen, and one photographed, along a 2-km transect through ridgetop puna
above Carapari, in October 2003. Most sightings were made at c.3,100 m. Although
superficially similar to Puna Ground-tyrant M. juninensis, they were separable by
their longer and more conspicuous white supercilia (extending well behind the eye),
the slightly greyer upperparts, and the richer chestnut hindcrown. These records, the
first for dpto. Chuquisaca, were to be expected given that this austral migrant ranges
north to Ecuador in the non-breeding season (Meyer de Schauensee 1966).

Acknowledgements

We thank S. K. Herzog, B. Livezey, J. V. Remsen, M. Pearman, S. P. Rogers, D. D. Seddon and P. Smith
for useful information and help with field work.

References:

Banks, R. C. 1977. A review of the crested tinamous (Aves: Tinamidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 89:
529-544.

Fjeldsa, J. 2004. The grebes. Oxford Univ. Press.

Fjeldsa, J. & Krabbe, N. 1990. Birds of the high Andes. Zool. Mus., Univ. of Copenhagen & Apollo
Books, Svendborg.

Fyeldsa, J. & Mayer, S. 1996. Recent ornithological surveys in the Valles region, southern Bolivia—and
the possible role of Valles for the evolution of the Andean avifauna. Centre for Research on the
Cultural and Biological Diversity of Andean Rainforests (DIVA), Copenhagen.

Guyra Paraguay. 2004. Annotated checklist of the birds of Paraguay. Asuncion, Guyra Paraguay.

Hennessey, A. B., Herzog, S. K. & Sagot, F. 2003. An annotated list of the birds of Bolivia. Fifth edn.
Asociacion Armonia, Santa Cruz.

Jaramillo, A., Burke P. & Beadle, D. 2003. Birds of Chile, including the Antarctic Peninsula, the Falkland
Islands and South Georgia. Princeton Univ. Press.

Krabbe, N. & Schulenberg, T. S. 2003. Family Rhinocryptidae (tapaculos). Pp. 748-787 in del Hoyo, J.,
Elliott, A. & Christie, D. A. (eds.) Handbook of the birds of the world, vol. 8. Lynx Edicions,
Barcelona.

Llimona, F. & del Hoyo, J. (1992) Family Podicipedidae (grebes). Pp. 174-196 in del Hoyo, J., Elliott,
A. & Sargatal, J. (eds.) Handbook of the birds of the world, vol. 1. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Mazar Barnett, J. & Pearman, M. 2001. Annotated checklist of the birds of Argentina. Lynx Edicions,
Barcelona.

J. A. Tobias & N. Seddon 300 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Meyer de Schauensee, R. 1966. The species of birds of South America with their distribution. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Philadelphia.

Remsen, J. V. & Traylor, M. A. 1983. Additions to the avifauna of Bolivia, Part 2. Condor 85: 95-98.

Remsen, J. V. & Traylor, M. A. 1989. An annotated list of the birds of Bolivia. Buteo Books, Vermillion,
SD.

Remsen, J. V., Cadena, C. D., Jaramillo, A., Nores, M., Pacheco, J. F., Robbins, M. B., Schulenberg, T.
S., Stiles, F. G, da Silva, J. M. C., Stotz, D. F. & Zimmer, K. J. 2007. A classification of the bird
species of South America. www.museum.|su.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html (version 10 January
2007).

Parker, T. A., Gentry, A. H., Foster, R. B., Emmons, L. H. & Remsen, J. V. 1993. The lowland dry forests
of Santa Cruz, Bolivia: a global conservation priority. RAP Working Papers 4. Conservation
International, Washington DC.

Schulenberg, T. S. & Awbrey, K. 1997. A rapid assessment of the humid forests of south-central
Chuquisaca, Bolivia. RAP Working Papers 8. Conservation International, Washington DC.

Addresses: J. A. Tobias, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. of Oxford,
South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. N. Seddon, Department of Zoology, Univ. of Cambridge,
Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. Present address: Edward Grey Institute of Field
Ornithology, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.

© British Ornithologists’ Club 2007

Birds of Damar Island, Banda Sea, Indonesia

by Colin R. Trainor

Received 22 November 2006

Wallacea, in the extreme south-east corner of Asia, has an extraordinary avifauna. A
staggering ten Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) and 67 Important Bird Areas have been
identified (Stattersfield et al. 1998, BirdLife International 2004); indeed the region’s
exceptional diversity has challenged identification of conservation priorities,
including the ordering of on-ground baseline surveys. Field studies have intensified
since the 1980s, with discoveries of new bird taxa, numerous rediscoveries, and new
natural history data for poorly known species (e.g. Lambert 1998a,b, Rasmussen
1999, Riley & Wardill 2001, Rozendaal & Lambert 1999, Olsen et al. 2002,
Indrawan & Somadikarta 2004, Sangster & Rozendaal 2004). Yet the sheer number
of islands (c.13,500) and consequent idiosyncratic spatial distribution of their 260+
(taxonomy dependent) endemic species has, amongst other factors, slowed efforts to
evaluate bird species status.

In south-east Wallacea, the Banda Sea Islands pees Bird Area (EBA 165) is
dominated by ocean and numerous widely scattered islands. Seventeen of the 40
globally restricted-range birds are confined to this EBA, and most of the remainder
occur in neighbouring EBAs (Stattersfield et al. 1998). Recent avifaunal surveys
within EBA 165 have been undertaken only on the Tanimbar and Kai islands
(Coates & Bishop 1997, Bishop & Brickle 1998, Jepson et a/. 2001), though the area

Colin R. Trainor 301 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

has long been identified as a national conservation priority (FAO 1982, Sujatnika et
al. 1995). Damar (07°08’S, 128°41’E; 198 km’, max. altitude 868 m) is a remote
volcanic island 380 km south-east of Ambon and 200 km north-east of Timor-Leste
(East Timor), in the Maluku Tenggara Barat district of Maluku province, Indonesia;
and is the only other island within the EBA known to host a single-island endemic.

The first Damar specimens involved three birds obtained by the Dutch civil
servant Johann G. F. Riedel, as noted by Meyer (1884) and Hartert (1900), between
August 1883 and June 1884 (van Steenis-Kruseman 1950). Twelve species were
collected on Damar during 6—11 November 1891 by officers (P. W. Bassett-Smith
and J. Walker) of the HMS Penquin, and a further 39 by Heinrich Kuhn, during his
two-month visit from c.30 October—30 December 1898 (Sharpe 1894, Hartert 1899,
1900; dates established from specimen labels, per N. J. Collar). Kiihn was a
professional collector in the employ of Lord Walter Rothschild (Rothschild 1983),
as part of a complex network of collectors scattered throughout the world. A review
of the bird fauna of the South-west islands by Finsch (1901) listed 52 species for
Damar. During his time there, Kuhn collected one species new to science, the
endemic Damar Flycatcher Ficedula henrici. As far as is known, no ornithologist
visited Damar during the 20th century (BirdLife International 2001). Chiefly
because of its tiny global range and the century gap in information on its status, this
flycatcher has been considered globally threatened (Stattersfield et al. 1998,
BirdLife International 2004). For that reason, on-the-ground surveys were planned
for 1998, to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the bird’s discovery, but these

i Batu Merah

DAMAR ISLAND

HPT = Limited Production Forest
HL = Protection Forest

Forested area |
1000 ft |

Figure 1. Map of Damar showing estimated forest cover, the main villages and the Terbang Islands.

Colin R. Trainor 302 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

were abandoned due to widespread communal violence in Maluku at the time
(BirdLife International 2001; J. C. Eames pers comm. 2001, G. Dutson in Jitt. 2002).
This paper reports on field work undertaken in August-September 2001. It describes
the habitat range and conservation status of all birds on Damar and two small
satellite islands. Popular accounts have been published elsewhere (BirdLife-IP
2001, Shannaz 2002, Trainor 2002a,b) and a sister paper (Trainor 2007) will
examine bird community composition in relation to forest disturbance.

The island

Damar is mostly hilly (c.70% of land area is at 200-400 m a.s.1.), but only steeply
sloping on Mount Wurlali volcano. No weather stations exist locally, but rainfall on
nearby Romang Island averages 2,518 mm/year; coasts are dry and rainfall tends to
increase with elevation (RePPProT 1989). Approximately 75% (c.150 km?) of the
island retains closed-canopy tropical forests (canopy closure >70%), including dry
forest near the coast with many deciduous trees (to 12—20 m tall), grading into semi-
evergreen and evergreen forest further inland (to 40 m tall), above c.60 m elevation.
There are no protected areas, and forest status is protection forest or production
forest (Fig. 1). Damar’s human population was 4,745 in the year 2000 (Central
Statistics Office, Wonreli Kisar), with seven villages of 303—1,056 citizens on the
north-west, north and east coasts. The economy is subsistence, based on sale of
agricultural cash crops: coconut Cocos nucifera, cloves Eugenia aromatica and
nutmeg Myristica fragrans. Sago Metroxylon sagu is grown around springs in
modified coastal lowlands, and locally in forest plots. Forest is used for conversion
to smallholder agricultural plots, timber collection and moderately intensive hunting
of pigs, Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, pigeons and Orange-
footed Scrubfowl Megapodius reinwardt.

TABLE 1
Summary of study sites and survey effort; major sites in bold. Habitats: 1 = primary evergreen
forest/semi-evergreen forest, 2 = primary tropical dry forest, 3 = modified mangrove forest,
vegetable gardens, sago and/or plantations.

Sites Dates Habitat Field survey hrs
Batumerah forest (0-120 m) 27-31 August Ihe? 24

Batumerah, Awehnyo coast (0-40 m) 27-31 August 3) 4

Kumur forest / Ayerkota Valley (0-340 m) 1-3 September 13 18

Bebar Timur (0—200 m) 25 August ORS) 4

Wulur forest (10-440 m) 18 August es 48

Wulur, 3 km south-east (0-80 m) 14 August—11 September ES 20

Terbang Utara (0-60 m) 8-9 September 1 6

Terbang Selatan (0-60 m) 8 September Z 6

Total 130

Colin R. Trainor

303

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

TABLE 2
Global distribution of ‘key’ bird species recorded on Damar.

Species
Orange-footed Scrubfowl Megapodius reinwardt

Beach Thick-knee Esacus neglectus

Metallic Pigeon Columba vitiensis
Barred-necked Cuckoo-Dove Macropygia magna
Blue-tailed Imperial Pigeon Ducula concinna

Pink-headed Imperial Pigeon Ducula rosacea
Black-backed Fruit Dove Ptilinopus cinctus
Rose-crowned Fruit Dove Ptilinopus regina

Blue-streaked Lory Eos reticulata

Olive-headed Lorikeet Trichoglossus euteles

Little Bronze Cuckoo Chrysococcyx minutillus
Cinnamon-collared Kingfisher Zodiramphus australasia
Elegant Pitta Pitta elegans

Orange-banded Thrush Zoothera peronii

Damar Flycatcher Ficedula henrici

Rufous-sided Gerygone Gerygone dorsalis
Spectacled Monarch Monarcha trivirgatus
Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis
White-bellied Whistler Pachycephala leucogastra
Scaly-breasted Honeyeater Lichmera squamata
Red-chested Flowerpecker Dicaeum maugei

Worldwide range

Wallacea, Nusa Penida, Kangean, Aru, New Guinea,
Australia

Australasia and SE Asia

Insular SE Asia, Papua, Melanesia, Polynesia

S Sulawesi islands and E Lesser Sundas

Small islands in Wallacea, Aru,

W New Guinea

Java Sea islands, Wallacea

Lesser Sundas, Bali

SE Maluku, Lesser Sundas, Aru, Australia and
New Guinea

Tanimbar, Kai, and Babar

E Lesser Sundas

SE Asia, Australasia

Lesser Sundas (except Sumbawa/Alor)
Sangthe, Sula, Maluku, Lesser Sundas,

Flores Sea islands, Nusa Penida

E Lesser Sundas

Damar

Islands in Flores Sea, SE Maluku and E Lesser Sundas
Maluku, Lesser Sundas, Australia, New Guinea
Australasia, Wallacea, Bali, E Java

SE Wallacea

SE Maluku and E Lesser Sundas

S Sulawesi islands, Lesser Sundas

Study sites and methods

Surveys were undertaken over 30 days (14 August—12 September) at three major
forest sites on Damar (Batumerah, Kumur and Wulur [Batoe Merah and Woeloer of
Hartert 1900]) and five minor sites, including two offshore islets: Terbang Utara
(07°18’S, 128°33’E; 6 km?) and Terbang Selatan (07°22’S, 128°33’E; 5 km’) (Fig.
1, Table 1). Wulur village in the east of the main island was used as a main base,
with forest accessed in the north-west and centre-north of the island via the coastal
villages of Batumerah and Kumur. I camped at each of the three main sites for 2—5
nights (c.2-4 km from populated centres), on Terbang Utara for one night, and
otherwise made daytime visits from village bases to minor sites.

At Batumerah and Wulur two mist-nets (9 m long x 4 m high) were operated for
five and six days respectively. Captured birds were identified, measured (Damar
Flycatcher and Orange-sided Thrush Zoothera peronii) and photographed. At these
two sites, and Kumur, systematic point counts were used to survey bird community
composition in primary forest and secondary habitat, but this information will be

Colin R. Trainor 304 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

presented elsewhere. General observations, over 2—3 km/? at each site, included
noting species by habitat and elevation, with additional information on number of
individuals, sex, perch height and behaviour noted for ‘key’ birds (see Table 2).
Elevation was measured using an altimeter, and geographic coordinates were
extrapolated from the Google earth programme. Playback was used ad hoc at
Batumerah and Wulur to elicit responses from Rainbow Pitta Pitta elegans,
Cinnamon-banded Kingfisher Zodiramphus australasia, Damar Flycatcher (using
Little Pied Ficedula westermanni and Sumba Flycatchers F! harterti) and Ninox
owls (using Southern Boobook Ninox novaeseelandiae from Timor). Calls of
Shining Flycatcher Myiagra alecto were used to elicit responses from monarch
flycatchers. Vocalisations were tape-recorded using a Sony Professional recorder
TCM-S000EV with a Sennheiser ME-66 directional microphone, and analysed by
Richard Ranft at the British Library Sound Archive, London, UK, using the Avisoft-
SASLab Pro programme.

Records of interest

Thirteen of the 38 resident birds listed for Damar by 19th century collectors are
globally restricted-range species, and most of them are forest dependent. Two
others, Rufous-sided Gerygone Gerygone dorsalis kuehni and Golden Whistler
Pachycephala pectoralis dammeriana, are represented on Damar by endemic
subspecies. The following annotated list focuses on the habitat range and
conservation status of the threatened, Near Threatened (NT), restricted-range (RR,
global range >50,000 km?) and forest-dependent species identified (the ‘key’ birds,
see Table 2). I recorded 54 species (22 forest-dependent) on Damar and the Terbang
Islands: 48 on Damar, and 34 on the Terbang Islands (25 on Terbang Utara and 28
on Terbang Selatan). This total excludes the unconfirmed record of Brush Cuckoo
Cacomantis variolosus and a species of rail on Damar. All records are new for the
Terbang Islands. I also provide details of the five species not previously recorded in
the Damar group, and the 15 new island records from Damar itself. A complete list
of the 73 species recorded from Damar and the Terbang islands both historically and
recently appears as an Appendix. Where quoted, global threat status follows
BirdLife International (2004).

ORANGE-FOOTED SCRUBFOWL Megapodius reinwardt

Usually observed as pairs or singles on Damar (0-440 m) but abundant on Terbang
Selatan with c.5 records per hour. Present in forest and coastal vegetation except
around Wulur where it is hunted intensively. Active nest mounds were found at

Batumerah, Kumur and Terbang Selatan. “Common on Dammer Island’ (Hartert
1900).

RAIL SP.
A dark brown rail was observed briefly as it entered dense shrub near mangroves at
Wulur on 16 August. Red-necked Crake Rallina tricolor and White-breasted

Colin R. Trainor 305 Bull. BOG 20071274)

Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus were collected by Ktthn (Hartert 1900), with the
former species the most likely of these two (amongst other) possibilities, based on
coloration. Red-necked Crake is widespread in the Papua region, and north-east
Australia, but Damar lies at the western extremity of the range (Coates & Bishop
1997).

BEACH THICK-KNEE Esacus neglectus (NT)

Common on Terbang Selatan: one foraged on barnacles and other molluscs on an
exposed rocky shelf and, subsequently, a further three arrived in the same area to
feed. A pair was later observed on another beach. On Terbang Utara there were
records of two singles indicating the abundance of this typically low-density beach-
specialist on the islands. Not recorded on Damar and absent there according to local
men.

METALLIC PIGEON Columba vitiensis

This inconspicuous forest pigeon was recorded five times in primary evergreen
forest (60-340 m) suggesting that it is relatively common. At Wulur a hunter shot
one on 19 August and stated that he had only once previously obtained the species
(Y. Lutruwowan pers. comm.). Measurements and bare parts: total length 415 mm,
tail 155 mm, wing 242 mm, culmen 25 mm, tarsus 30 mm, orbital ring crimson, cere
and base of bill crimson, iris orange, bill pale yellow to white. Subsequently, a
second was shot in the same area (S. Romode pers. comm.). At Batumerah one was
observed for two minutes in primary forest perched at 12 m, above a stream,
apparently preparing to drink. Hartert (1900) wrote that it was ‘found frequently in
November and December’.

BARRED-NECKED CUCKOO-DOVE Macropygia magna (RR)

Apparently local and uncommon on Damar where found twice in degraded beach
forest and coconut plantation (5-60 m) at Batumerah, the first island records. One
was observed for two minutes perched at 14 m in degraded beach forest on 31
August. The two-note avoot-voo calls heard on Damar are probably
indistinguishable from the kKoowuck-whuuuu transcribed for race timorlaoensis on
Yamdena (Tanimbar) (Coates & Bishop 1997) and Alor (Trainor 2005a). In
comparison, subspecies magna of Timor and Wetar has a three-note call (Coates &
Bishop 1997), and occurs on Romang (adjacent to Damar) although its call there is
unknown.

BLUE-TAILED IMPERIAL PIGEON Ducula concinna (RR)

Abundant in forest throughout Damar, common on Terbang Selatan but unrecorded
on Terbang Utara; its powerful urrauw was a near-constant background sound.
Observed feeding in nutmeg (one shot had a nutmeg fruit in its oesophagus) and
local people stated that the species consumes fruit of Canarium sp., Gnetum
gnemon, Barringtonia asiatica, Paraserianthes falcataria, Eusideroxylon zwageri,
Toona sureni and Ficus spp. It was intensely hunted with air-rifles and generally

Colin R. Trainor 306 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

absent from second growth near villages. On 19-20 August, two nests were
observed at 25 m and 30 m above ground in primary evergreen forest at Wulur (360
m); one bird was observed carrying a large stick at Batumerah camp (31 August
2001) and another with nesting material at Kumur (3 September 2001). ‘One male
and two females were shot’ (Hartert 1900).

PINK-HEADED IMPERIAL PIGEON Ducula rosacea (NT, RR)

Uncommon to locally absent in primary semi-evergreen forest (possibly
outcompeted by Blue-tailed Imperial Pigeon?), but common in modified lowlands
and tropical dry forest (0-340 m), and abundant in tropical dry forest on Terbang
Utara.

BLACK-BACKED FRUIT DOVE Piilinopus cinctus

Strongly associated with primary evergreen and tropical dry forest, where common
to abundant on Damar and both Terbang islands. It apparently suffers less hunting
pressure than Blue-tailed Imperial Pigeon because of its smaller size and less
conspicuous habits. Birds were observed eating figs on Terbang Selatan. Hartert
(1900) noted ‘a fine series from Damer [sic]’.

ROSE-CROWNED FRUIT DOVE Piilinopus regina
Very common on Damar, Terbang Utara and especially Terbang Selatan where
strongly associated with primary evergreen and tropical dry forest, but visits fruit
trees in all habitats. Hartert (1900) noted that they were ‘not rare in different parts
of the island, at Batoe Merah [Batumerah] and Wulur’.

BLUE-STREAKED LORY Eos reticulata (RR, NT)

This poorly known lory was uncommon, as singles, pairs and groups of up to six in
tropical evergreen forest and forest edge. The only record away from forest was of
a few feeding in a flowering coconut. Several fed with ten Olive-headed Lorikeet
Trichoglossus euteles in a flowering Syzygium sp. near Batumerah. At Kumur there
were ten records of 1—6 individuals (total 37, mean group 3.7), including six feeding
on flowers in the canopy of a Paraserianthes falcataria tree. On Damar this species
is seasonally trapped for the cagebird trade but none was known to have been
captured during the study period. Ninety-seven were traded in Medan, Sumatra, in
1997-2001 (Shepherd et al. 2004). Blue-streaked Lory was probably introduced to
Damar as a cagebird, as noted by Hartert (1901): ‘In former numbers of Novitates
Zoologicae | have stated that Eos reticulata was sent by Mr. Kihn from Toeal on
Little Key, and from Dammer in the Banda Sea. Mr. Ktihn now writes that it was
apparently introduced to both Dammer and the Key group, and that the Tenimber
Islands are its sole natural home.’ Blue-streaked Lory is much more abundant in the
Tanimbar Islands (Jepson et al. 2001) than on Damar, and has not been reported
from the Kai Islands since the 1890s (Bishop & Brickle 1998). There is an
unconfirmed sight record from Wetar (White & Bruce 1986) and reliable anecdotal

Colin R. Trainor 307 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

reports from Timor-Leste (CRT unpubl.), perhaps indicating regular inter-island
flights (or cagebird escapees). Two adult males were shot by Kihn (Hartert 1900).

OLIVE-HEADED LORIKEET Trichoglossus euteles (RR)

Abundant, with several hundred observations in highly modified lowland habitats
including coconut plantations, secondary forest and mangroves, but less common in
primary semi-evergreen forest. Numerous observations of singles and pairs feeding
in flowering coconut trees throughout the lowlands (notably at Ayerkota Valley near
Kumur), and once on Syzygium flowers. Local men indicated that birds are trapped
annually and sold for less than US$1 each (Y. Romadae & M. Surlialy pers. comm. ),
but no captives were observed in villages. Endemic to the Lesser Sundas and
appears commoner on small islands such as Adonara (Trainor 2002), Atauro
(Trainor & Soares 2004) and Lembata (Trainor 2003) than on large ones such as
Timor (CRT unpubl.). A ‘good series’ was collected (Hartert 1900).

LITTLE BRONZE CUCKOO Chrysococcyx minutillus

Subspecies rufomerus, described in 1900 and distributed on the Banda Sea islands
of Moa, Kisar, Leti, Sermata, Romang and Damar, had not been reported in the wild
since c.1905. It was common in forest edge, villages, agricultural land and forest
(0O—400 m), where observed as singles, pairs and small groups of up to five, perching
low on logs and branches and taking insects on the wing or gleaning from low
bushes, including Capsicum sp. They also pounce on the ground to take insects from
bare soil or litter, with one seen taking a caterpillar. Chrysococcyx parasitise the
genus Gerygone throughout the latter’s range (Brooker & Brooker 1989). On
several occasions cuckoos were mobbed by their presumed local host Rufous-sided
Fairy-warbler Gerygone dorsalis (and by Ashy-bellied White-eye Zosterops
citrinellus). The call was an accelerating whistled trill of 3.2 seconds, ascending
almost imperceptibly in pitch over the first half, then descending noticeably, and
comprising 45 notes. Peak frequencies shifted from 3.2 kHz initially, to 3.2 kHz
over the middle notes and 2.8 kHz terminally (Fig. 2a). The song comprised c.4—5
whistled Airi notes in a rhythmical series lasting 1.0—1.4 seconds, and ranging at

kHz

Time (sec)

Figure 2a. Little Bronze Cuckoo Chrysococcyx minutillus, accelerating whistled trill.

Colin R. Trainor 308 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Time (sec) Time (sec)

Figure 2b (left). Little Bronze Cuckoo Chrysococcyx minutillus, whistled song (example 1).
Figure 2c (right). Little Bronze Cuckoo Chrysococcyx minutillus, whistled song (example 2).

2.1-3.7 kHz (Figs. 2b, 2c). These vocalisations of rufomerus are similar to those of
the species elsewhere (R. B. Payne in Jitt. 2006), as is its behaviour, supporting
status as a subspecies of minutillus (Payne 2005).

CINNAMON-BANDED KINGFISHER Todiramphus australasia (RR, NT)
Probably common, but inconspicuous and calls irregularly. Recorded in a wide
range of wooded habitats including evergreen and dry forest, forest edge and
plantation (cashew and clove) from sea level to 440 m. There were few observations
within forest (one at Wulur perched at 6 m), but forest-edge birds frequently duetted
at dawn and dusk with a raucous ch-whee. Twice birds were observed perched on
horizontal branches directly above streams (at 2 m), scanning for prey. On 2
September in primary evergreen forest at Kumur, I followed a loud, distinctive and
persistent call which led me to an apparently recently fledged bird in the subcanopy.
One foraged for invertebrates in leaf litter then flew to a perch at 5 m in a clove
plantation. Kiihn collected nine specimens (Hartert 1900).

ELEGANT PITTA Pitta elegans
This species called rarely and was observed just twice, in primary forest with a
dense rattan understorey. At Wulur and Kumur pairs duetted at dusk, and one called
from dry forest on Terbang Utara.

ORANGE-SIDED THRUSH Zoothera peronii (NT, RR)

At the time of the survey there had been no field observations of race audacis (East
Timor, Wetar, Babar, Romang and Damar) since its description. Ecologically similar
to race peronii (of Roti and West Timor), it proved to be common in evergreen and
tropical dry forest, and frequent in secondary habitats, calling constantly from dawn
to late morning and less so in the afternoon. They perched in the subcanopy at 8-16
m, or canopy, but were also observed on logs and the ground. At Kumur a recently
fledged juvenile was observed low in shrubs in a banana plantation, and another

Colin R. Trainor 309 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

recent fledgling with white speckling on its breast was observed preparing to drink
in a sago plantation (both 2 September). A bird shot in the wing near Wulur was
intended as a pet, but died the following day (N. Rumihin pers. comm.). In West
Timor, this bird is intensively captured for trade but there was no evidence of
commercial trapping on Damar. Kuhn collected at least ten specimens (LeCroy
2005).

DAMAR FLYCATCHER Ficedula henrici (VU)

Dependent on primary forest (semi-evergreen forest >60—100 m and evergreen
forest >100 m, but apparently not tropical dry forest), to at least 440 m, and despite
using near-forest smallholder garden and sago groves, appears largely intolerant of
forest modification. It was unrecorded from highly modified coastal habitats (beach
forest, mangrove, coconut and clove plantations). There were 20 direct field
observations of at least 17 individuals including four pairs, and a further 18 aural
records made during point counts. A male was mist-netted at Wulur and a male and
female captured at Batumerah (Table 3). Only males were heard calling and,
presumably, all aural records were of males. Birds perched on the ground or in the
understorey at a mean height of 98 cm (n=37, range 0-3 m), especially on rattan,
lianas and saplings. In forest they searched for insects on bare ground, rocks, in leaf
litter, bases of tree trunks and in adjacent shrubs and saplings, and they flew (n=12,
mean distance 4 m, range 0.5—10 m) between low perches during foraging sallies.
Females were observed only four times, each for less than two minutes; they were
silent and inconspicuous. Males are paler slate-blue than portrayed in Coates &
Bishop (1997), often with a less well-developed forehead and frontal band. The bill,
at least of the male, is longer and thinner than depicted in Coates & Bishop (1997),
and the white throat patch can be reduced or absent (immatures?). The upperparts of
the trapped (possibly immature) female (see Trainor 2002a) are mainly pale brown
and grey, with a rich buff belly and chest. A village elder at Kumur (in Damar-
Batumerah language: Chlenova & Chlenov 2006) gave the local name of Lwotu

TABLE 3
Measurements (mm) for Damar Flycatcher Ficedula henrici and Orange-sided Thrush Zoothera peronii
trapped in mist-nets, and a flycatcher measured by Hartert (1900). Other birds captured were: Orange-
sided Thrush (one at Batumerah), Ashy-bellied White-eye Zosterops citrinella (six at Wulur, three at
Batumerah), Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis (three at Wulur), Spectacled Monarch
Monarcha trivirgatus (two at Wulur), Northern Fantail Rhipidura rufiventris (one at Wulur) and
Rufous Fantail R. rufifrons (one at Batumerah).

Species Site and date Total length Wing Tail © Culmen Tarsus
Damar Flycatcher (Hartert 1900) c.130 68-69 50 15 20
Damar Flycatcher, male Wulur, 20 August 125 65 45 1] -
Damar Flycatcher, male Batumerah, 29 August 110 63 44 10 22
Damar Flycatcher, female Batumerah, 29 August 108 62 47 - 24

Orange-sided Thrush Wulur, 22 August 208 104 78 19 32

Colin R. Trainor 310 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

0.2 0.4 0.6 Q.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Time (sec) Time (sec)

Figure 3a (left). Sonogram of Damar Flycatcher Ficedula henrici, two notes in 0.5 seconds.
Figure 3b (right). Sonogram of Damar Flycatcher Ficedula henrici, four notes in one second.

/wotu for Damar Flycatcher, but no other locals had a name for the bird and it is
undoubtedly poorly known. Unsurprisingly, playback using calls of Little Pied and
Sumba Flycatchers failed to illicit responses from Damar Flycatcher because their
calls are not similar. The call is a thin, high-pitched, metallic, insect-like seep, given
singly or often doubled, seep-seep, lasting 0.3 seconds (Fig. 2a), whilst the song
comprises four very similar notes delivered over c.0.7 seconds, with c.2.6—4.3
seconds between bouts (Fig. 2b). Each note is c.0.05 seconds in duration with a
frequency range of 6.2—6.5 kHz. The species’ conservation status 1s evaluated in the
Discussion.

RUFOUS-SIDED GERYGONE Gerygone dorsalis (RR)

Represented on Damar by the endemic race kuehni, it was common in mangrove,
villages and other modified coastal habitats as well as in inland forests, including on
the Terbang Islands. Observed feeding singly, in pairs and in small groups (often
with Ashy-bellied White-eye Zosterops citrinellus) gleaning invertebrates
(including grubs) from banana, papaya and cassava leaves and Ficus fruit. Its
reported absence from large islands of the Kai archipelago (Coates & Bishop 1997)
and lack of recent records from Kisar (Trainor 2003), where last reported in 1901,
suggest there is much still to learn about its ecology. Under no threat of extinction
on Damar.

SPECTACLED MONARCH Monarcha trivirgatus
The most frequently recorded understorey bird in primary evergreen forest and
secondary forest, but absent from the Terbang Islands.

GOLDEN WHISTLER Pachycephala pectoralis

The endemic subspecies dammeriana was common in evergreen forest but much
less so in secondary habitats, and absent from the Terbang Islands. Females were
occasionally seen perched low in the understorey (0.1-3.0 m), on horizontal
branches, and hopping thrush-like on the ground. Males were inconspicuous and

Colin R. Trainor S11 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

vocalised typically from the subcanopy at 4-12 m. At Batumerah a male gleaned an
insect larva from a tree at 3 m then descended to a streambed to hit it on a rock.

WHITE-BELLIED WHISTLER Pachycephala leucogastra (RR)

This species was occasional in primary evergreen forest, but frequent in secondary
habitats and especially mangrove—as on nearby Yamdena (Coates & Bishop 1997).
Typically, both sexes were observed singly or in small groups of up to four, with
almost all observations at ground level to 4 m. Females were often found low in
dense grass beneath coconut palms. In contrast, Coates & Bishop (1997) state that
White-bellied Whistlers “frequent upper tree levels’. Subspecies kebirensis is
endemic to Damar, Babar, Moa, Wedan and Romang, but the species’ taxonomic
relationships are unclear.

SCALY-BREASTED HONEYEATER Lichmera squamata (RR)
One of the most frequently encountered birds in secondary habitats and primary
evergreen and tropical dry forest.

RED-CHESTED FLOWERPECKER Dicaeum maugei (RR)

Common in forest but less frequently recorded in disturbed coastal habitats. Several
were observed feeding at mistletoe (Loranthaceae) flowers on a Ficus tree near
Kumur. Kuhn collected a male at Wulur (Hartert 1900).

New island records

FREGATA SP.

Frigatebirds were frequently observed soaring above the coast, with singles and
groups of up to 11 noted at Bebar Timur, Batumerah and Kumur. About 80 Lesser
Frigatebirds F’ ariel and at least two Great Frigatebirds F? minor were observed as
part of a roost on Terbang Selatan (said sometimes to number thousands: E.
Rumpeniak pers. comm.). Three Great Frigatebirds were present near Wulur on 14
August, and two Lesser Frigatebirds were noted at Kumur.

LITTLE BLACK CORMORANT Phalacrocorax sulcirostris

Uncommon on the coast, with two observations of singles: at an estuary near
Batumerah on 30 August, and in flight near Kumur on 3 September. A locally
common waterbird in the Lesser Sundas (Coates & Bishop 1997, Trainor 2005b).

LITTLE PIED CORMORANT Phalacrocorax melanoleucos
Three were seen on the north coast of Terbang Selatan. Locally common in the
Lesser Sundas (Coates & Bishop 1997, Trainor 2005b).

STRIATED HERON Butorides striata
One in the rocky bed of the Awehnyo River on 29 August.

Colin R. Trainor 312 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

RUFOUS NIGHT HERON WNycticorax caledonicus

One observed at dawn, feeding in a stream near Air Panas on 15 August. Initially
identified as a Black-crowned Night Heron N. nycticorax, but examination of my
brief field notes ‘black cap, cinnamon back’ indicate that the observation
undoubtedly referred to caledonicus. Rufous Night Heron is widespread in
Wallacea, Australasia to Java and the Philippines (Coates & Bishop 1997).

OSPREY Pandion haliaetus

Relatively frequent on coasts with six records of singles at Kumur, Batumerah and
Terbang Selatan. Osprey is generally uncommon in the Lesser Sundas (Coates &
Bishop 1997) and rare in Timor-Leste (CRT unpubl.).

BRAHMINY KITE Aaliastur indus
Singles and groups of up to four frequent along the coast and inland to 400 m. Birds
in juvenile plumage were recorded at Kelhi and Air Panas on 26 August.

WHITE-BELLIED SEA EAGLE Aaliaeetus leucogaster

Common and widespread as singles and pairs on the coasts of Damar and the
Terbang Islands. Four pairs and several singles were observed over 8 km between
Wulur to Tanjung Paran (the southernmost tip of the island) on 7 September.

BONELLI’S EAGLE Hieraaetus fasciatus

Uncommon in primary evergreen forest and forest edge, with a single observed over
forest above Wulur (350 m) on 21 August and one-over Wulur on 24 August. A pair
of eagles soaring high over Batumerah on 30 August was probably this species.
Subspecies renschi is endemic to the Lesser Sundas (Coates & Bishop 1997).

SPOTTED KESTREL Falco moluccensis
An uncommon bird: just three singles observed in secondary habitat.

RUDDY TURNSTONE 4renaria interpres

One in breeding plumage on a beach at Terbang Selatan on 8 September. During
southbound migration this Holarctic wader is generally an uncommon and rapid
transient through the Lesser Sundas (Coates & Bishop 1997, Trainor 2005b).

BARRED DOVE Geopelia maugei
This Wallacean endemic was surprisingly uncommon and local in coastal
woodlands adjacent to mangrove, with two observations and a vocal record at Wulur
and Batumerah. In the Lesser Sundas it is typically abundant in second growth and
woodland (Coates & Bishop 1997).

BRUSH CUCKOO Cacomantis variolosus
A cuckoo heard calling (fear a fear) in agricultural land near Wulur on 15 August
was probably Brush Cuckoo, but there were no observations or further aural records.

Colin R. Trainor 313 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Brush Cuckoo departs Australia in April-October when it is widespread in south-
east Wallacea including on Kisar and Kai (Coates & Bishop 1997).

AUSTRALIAN KOEL Eudynamys cyanocephala
The species’ distinctive calls were heard in dry forest on Terbang Utara, but no
direct observations.

CHRYSOCOCCYX SP.

A cuckoo calling on Terbang Utara with an accelerating trill of 1.5—2.0 seconds
(unlike that of Little Bronze Cuckoo), but not seen or tape-recorded, was probably
Pied Bronze Cuckoo C. crassirostris, which taxon was recently regarded as a
subspecies of Little Bronze Cuckoo (Payne 2005). The closest populations are on
the Babar Islands, 125 km to the south-east (Coates & Bishop 1997). The call of
Pied Bronze Cuckoo is described as a very rapid trill of 3—6 seconds that swells in
volume and then fades (Coates & Bishop 1997).

BARN OWL 7yto alba

Numerous, mostly aural, records of Tyto owls, titially identified as Barn Owl Tyto
alba (1 was unfamiliar with masked owls at the time). The call was a harsh screech,
typical of Tyto. However, the single observation of a bird perched at 16 m in the
understorey of tall, intact primary forest at Wulur (200 m; 20 August) perhaps
involved a masked owl. Barn Owls are infrequently recorded in tropical forest,
whilst a masked owl would be more likely in such habitat. Lesser Masked Owl 7:
sororcula is known from Seram, Buru and Tanimbar (Coates & Bishop 1997), but
the presence of an undescribed taxon on Damar is plausible. A local man spotted
another owl in a coconut plantation near Wulur on 14 August (B. Romode pers.
comm.). Testament to their abundance, harsh screeching calls, probably from Barn
Owls, were heard from shortly after dusk until dawn, at Wulur (once at 19.40 h), and
Kumur (21.05, 23.40, 00.40, 01.20 h)—mostly near forest edge or over gardens.
However, at Batumerah a 7yro called (at 19.13 h) from a garden plot surrounded by
primary forest, and calls on Terbang Selatan (05.50 h) and Terbang Utara (19.45 h)
emanated from dense coastal strand and tropical dry forest—probably a less typical
habitat for Barn Owl. Typical Zyto prey such as rodents (Rattus rattus or R.
exulans?) was abundant in gardens on Damar and Terbang Utara, and might have
attracted 7yto to such areas. Another prey of masked owls, Common Spotted Cuscus
Phalanger orientalis, was abundant in forest on Damar, as evidenced by the number
of scats on the ground.

RAINBOW BEE-EATER WMervops ornatus

Five only were observed on Damar at Batumerah, with a flock of c.50 on Terbang
Selatan. Very common in the Lesser Sundas (Coates & Bishop 1997), these were
probably dry-season migrants from Australia, but a resident population is possible.

Colin R. Trainor 314 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

BLACK-FACED MUNIA Lonchura molucca

Apparently rare with just three observations of 3—15 in degraded coastal habitat. On
Terbang Utara finches were heard above the beach but not observed, thus their
specific identity was unconfirmed. Widespread in Wallacea and generally common,
but uncommon on nearby Timor (Coates & Bishop 1997).

Discussion

Most Banda Sea islands have not been surveyed in more than 100 years and beg
more attention (see Table 4; also Trainor & Leitao 2007). The Damar avifauna
recorded in 2001 differed substantially from that reported by 19th-century
collectors. Fifteen species were added to the island list (excluding the islets, not
visited by the collectors), but a further 19 species recorded earlier were overlooked,
as either seasonally absent or having become locally extinct (see Appendix). For
instance, three monarchs collected in the 1890s went unrecorded in 2001. Black-
bibbed Monarch Monarcha mundus is still one of the commonest forest birds on
nearby Yamdena (Bishop & Brickle 1998), but members of this group, including the
other missing species, Island Monarch M. cinerascens and Broad-billed Flycatcher
Myiagra ruficollis, often exhibit highly localised distributions (Butchart et al. 1996,
Moeliker & Hei 1995). Status updates on these birds, as well as Kai Cicadabird
Coracina dispar and Tricoloured Parrotfinch Erythrura tricolor would be valuable.
A ‘fine series’ of Kai Cicadabird was taken on Damar by Kihn, but it seems to be a
particularly inconspicuous species and was either overlooked by the current survey
or has been extirpated; it is rare on nearby Yamdena (Hartert 1900, Coates & Bishop
1997). On Damar, Metallic Starling Aplonis metallica is represented by the
distinctive race circumscripta, which has not been recorded since the 19th century
(Forbes 1884, Bishop & Brickle 1998). Further searches are needed for this taxon.
Only 7yto owls were heard calling at night, but specific searches for Ninox and Otus

TABLE 4
Survey effort, island area and number of restricted-range (RR) birds on selected Banda Sea islands.

Island Area Number of Last survey year (reference)
(km?) restricted-range spp.
Wetar 2,684 op) 1902, 1990 (Hartert 1904, Coates & Bishop 1997)
Kisar 98 5 1901, 2001 (Hartert 1904, Trainor 2003)
Romang (group) c.240 IZ 1902 (Hartert 1904)
Leti 100 7 1902 (Hartert 1904)
Moa 349 9 1902 (Hartert 1904)
Lakor 100 Never surveyed
Damar 198 15 2001, this survey
Sermata 188 5 Hartert (191 1a)
Babar (group) c.700 15 1905 (Hartert 1906a, 1911b)
Luang 70 3 1906 (Hartert 1906b, 1911c)

Tanimbar (group) —__c.5,000 IP) 1993, 2000 (Jepson et al. 2001; P. Wood pers. comm.)

Colin R. Trainor S15 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

owls using playback might yield interesting results in light of the dearth of
knowledge of these species in Australasia (Debus 2002, Olsen et al. 2002, Indrawan
& Somadikarta 2004). During the survey there was no response by Ninox owls to
calls of Southern Boobook N. novaeseelandiae fusca (from Timor), but any Ninox
on Damar might have different vocals. I found Zyto owls to be common on Damar,
with numerous aural records. The observation of a 7yto in forest was more likely a
masked owl, though extralimitally Barn Owls do occasionally use primary forest (D.
James pers. comm.). Future surveys should target masked owls to confirm their
presence or absence.

Damar Flycatcher was observed for the first time in 103 years. The most
important factor determining its occurrence was the presence of tropical forest. It
was absent from secondary forest and extensive crop and plantation lands directly
adjacent to villages, but was recorded frequently in or around tropical semi-
evergreen forest at 60-100 m and true evergreen forest above c.100 m, in broadly
the same areas as reported by Ktihn in 1898. There were no records from dry forest,
but this habitat was relatively poorly sampled (Table 1) and occupies just c.5% of
the estimated 14,850 ha of closed-canopy forest on the island. To simplify matters,
I assume that Damar Flycatcher does occur in dry forest and, because it provides
relatively limited potential Damar Flycatcher habitat, contributes little to a
population estimate. Records were obtained from all three sites which I was able to
extensively survey during early to mid morning, but not from ‘Wulur, 3 km
southeast’, with similar habitat but which was accessed opportunistically just once
at noon. The frequency of direct observations and aural records suggests that, in
forest, Damar Flycatchers have a relatively high population density.

Very few population estimates are available for Ficedula anywhere in Wallacea,
but Jones et al. (1995) estimated that of Sumba Flycatcher F! harterti at 0.67
birds/ha. If this value is (albeit crudely) transposed to Damar and multiplied by the
estimated forest cover of 14,850 ha, it would give an island-wide population
estimate of 22,164 birds. At a similarly conservative estimate of one pair/ha, the
population would number 14,850 pairs. Taking the range of values yields an overall
population of c.20,000-—30,000 birds. Damar Flycatcher densities may vary with
forest type, elevation and perhaps slope, and these aspects should be considered
when designing surveys for this bird.

Since Kiihn’s visit, forest cover has declined by c.25%, to 14,850 ha. Assuming
it was close to 100% in the 1890s, and that most of the Damar Flycatcher population
displaced from land subsequently converted to agriculture died out, the total
population may have shrunk by approximately the same percentage.

Damar Flycatcher was previously classified as Vulnerable (D2) (BirdLife
International 2001), a status applied because the number of localities at which it was
known was considered sufficiently few to make it prone to the effects of human
activities or stochastic events within a very short time period. The most plausible
real threat is further deforestation, which is likely to occur through small-scale
subsistence agricultural clearance, rather than large-scale commercial logging, and

Colin R. Trainor 316 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

hence is unlikely to lead to rapid habitat loss in the near future. F’ henrici therefore
should no longer should be classed as Vulnerable under D2. I recommend
reclassification as Near Threatened, as it probably approaches the threshold for
Vulnerable under criterion C1 (10,000 mature individuals and declining by >10% in
ten years) but not under criteria A (population reduction of >30% over 10 years or
three generations), or B (extent of occurrence below a critical 200 km? but habitat
not severely fragmented and on current information not undergoing (rapid)
continuing decline; nor is there extreme fluctuation in habitat quality or number of
locations occupied, subpopulations or individuals). However, the area and condition
of habitat should be monitored, and further surveys are required to refine my
preliminary (and crude) population estimate.

At community level, the main long- and medium- to short-term threats to
Damar’s avifauna are vulcanism, illegal logging and forest conversion for
agriculture, predation by introduced rats, and hunting for bush-meat and trade.
Earthquakes and volcanic eruption are potential threats to all forest biota on Damar.
The island is close to the edge of the Indo-Australian plate and consequently in one
of the most seismically active regions on Earth. Wurlali is an andesitic stratovolcano
that last erupted in 1892, but in 1993 earthquakes resulted in landslides and local
forest loss (<50 ha). A major eruption of Wurlali poses a high but unpredictable risk
to forest; the presence of a 5 km-wide caldera is testament to the explosive power
of past eruptions.

There is no history of commercial logging on Damar, but timber is cut illegally
and sold to Chinese-Indonesian traders on Damar with trade links to markets in
Kupang (West Timor), Ambon, Saumlaki (Tanimbar Islands) and Java. I observed
no large-scale timber operations, but modest volumes (c.5—-10 m*) were being
loaded onto a ship as I departed. At Wulur and Batumerah, the establishment of
many new shifting agriculture plots (c.0.3—1.0 ha each) in primary forest has caused
direct forest loss and, historically, forest has been lost from much of the settled
north-east. High-grade timber is also selectively harvested for subsistence-level
house and dugout canoe construction, and timber is often cut and traded during the
preparation of shifting agriculture plots.

Most of the globally Near-Threatened, restricted-range and forest-dependent
species maintain relatively high population densities on Damar and appear at little
risk of imminent extinction. Some are under-recorded for behavioural reasons.
Cinnamon-banded Kingfisher is an inconspicuous species that typically calls in
chorus only at dawn and dusk, and appears to have been much overlooked by
visiting birdwatchers in the Lesser Sundas. It is under no threat of extinction on
Damar or Timor (CRT unpubl.). Among non-forest birds, the status of Beach Thick-
knee is poorly known in Wallacea, but a significant local population exists on the
Terbang Islands. All pigeons, Orange-footed Scrubfowl and both parrots, in
contrast, are selectively targeted using air rifles, slingshots, set snares and fish-nets.
Bird trapping and trade in 2001 appeared low-level because communal violence had
disrupted the main regional bird market at Ambon. However, two forest-dependent

Colin R. Trainor 317 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

hole-nesting parrots, Blue-streaked Lory and Olive-headed Lorikeet, continue to be
targeted, being sold to passing ships or taken directly to markets. The small
population of Blue-streaked Lory (at least), fidelity to nest sites and ease of capture
in flowering trees increases the susceptibility of these parrots to decline. Better
population estimates are needed for the Near Threatened Blue-streaked Lory and
Olive-headed Lorikeet on Damar, and updated information on trade throughout their
ranges and at national markets would be valuable.

Large birds targeted for bush meat (Orange-footed Scrubfowl and Ducula
pigeons) have declined near villages. The annual take of Blue-tailed Imperial
Pigeon, crudely estimated (c.20 per day over 352 days) at c.7,000 individuals, might
be below natural recruitment levels, based on its extraordinary abundance in forest.
This pigeon is endangered by hunting on Sangihe, north of Sulawesi (Riley 2002).
Pink-headed Imperial Pigeon is also hunted, as throughout its range, but maintains
strong populations on Damar and the Terbang Islands.

On Damar introduced rats, probably Ship Rat Rattus rattus, were abundant in
forest and particularly Terbang Utara. I suspect their involvement in the decline of
colonial-nesting species such as Metallic Starling, and perhaps the absence of
certain small-island flycatchers and monarchs.

Acknowledgements

The survey was motivated by the Damar Flycatcher account in Threatened birds of Asia and was
supported by the Indonesian government at all levels, with permits from Sospol and the Directorate
General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (PHKA). Stuart Butchart commented on the status
of Damar Flycatcher; Robert B. Payne provided a description of the call of Little Bronze Cuckoo and
clarified the status of race rufomerus; Nigel Collar provided dates of flycatcher specimens; Guy Dutson
and Roger Safford made helpful comments on the manuscript; David Wells and Murray Bruce reviewed
and made significant improvements to the final submission; and Richard Ranft analysed the calls of Little
Bronze Cuckoo and Damar Flycatcher, and provided sonograms and technical description for both.
Thanks to BirdLife International-Indonesia Programme for funding and administrative support: Yusup
Cahyadin, Woro Hapsari, Abdul Holik, Herly Lisdawati, Sukianto Lusli, Yan Persulessy, David
Purmiasa, Henny Sembiring, Julie Soplantila and Pete Wood. Jeni Shannaz prepared the map. Maman
Surahman (PHKA Bali Barat National Park) assisted with travel arrangements. Clemens Bulurditty of
PHKA Saumlaki gave important field support. On Damar, the following people made the field work
possible: Markus Surlialy, Arius Romer and Cundrad Surlialy (at Batumerah), Arnol Yosias Rommer,
Gasper Leliwiari, Simon, Pete & Alexander Rommer (Kumur), and Sigrandus Romode and family, Yan
Lutruwowan, Nus Rumihin, Yafed Romode, Buce Romode, Elias Rumpeniak, Emus Rumappar and Una
Letty (Wulur).

References:

BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data book.
BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.

BirdLife-IP. 2001. Damar Flycatcher appears after 103 years. The Jakarta Post 21 October: 16.

BirdLife International 2004. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International,
Cambridge, UK.

Bishop, D. & Brickle, N. 1998. An annotated checklist of the birds of the Tanimbar Islands. Kukila 10:
115—150.

Brooker, M. G. & Brooker, L. C.1989. Cuckoo hosts in Australia. Aust. Zool. Rev. 2: 1-67.

Colin R. Trainor 318 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Butchart, S. H. M., Brooks, T. M., Davies, C. W. N., Dharmaputra, G., Dutson, G. C. L., Lowen, J. C. &
Sahu, H. 1996. The conservation status of forest birds on Flores and Sumbawa, Indonesia. Bird
Conserv. Intern. 6: 335-370.

Chlenova, S. F. & Chlenov, M. A. 2006. West Damar language or Damar-Batumerah, an isolate in south-
eastern Indonesia. Zenth Intern. Conf. Austronesian Linguistics, 17-20 January 2006, Porta
Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines (www.sil.org/aisa/philippines/paper.html).

Coates, B. J. & Bishop, K. D. 1997. A guide to the birds of Wallacea. Dove Publications, Alderley.

Debus, S. 2002. Distribution, taxonomy, status and major threatening processes of owls in the
Australasian region. Pp. 355—363 in Newton, I., Kavanagh, R., Olsen, J. & Taylor, I. (eds.) Ecology
and conservation of owls. CSIRO Publishing, Canberra.

Finsch, O. 1901. Systematische Ubersicht der Végel der Siidwest-Inseln. Notes Leyden Mus. 22:
225-309.

Forbes, H. O. 1884. Remarks on a paper by Dr. A. B. Meyer on a collection of birds from the East-Indian
Archipelago, with special reference to those described by him from the Timor-Laut group of islands.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 29: 425-434.

Hartert, E. 1899. [Dammeria henrici, n. gen. et sp.] Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 8: 57-58.

Hartert, E. 1900. The birds of Dammer Island in the Banda Sea. Novit. Zool. 7: 12-24.

Hartert, E. 1904. On the birds of the South-west Islands of Wetter, Roma, Kisser, Letti and Moa. Novit.
Zool. 11: 174-221.

Hartert, E. 1906a. On the birds of the island of Babber. Novit. Zool. 13: 288-302.

Hartert, E. 1906b. On the birds of Luang. Novit. Zool. 13: 302-304.

Hartert, E. 191la. On the birds of Sermatta, one of the South-West Islands. Novit. Zool. 18: 161-167.

Hartert, E. 1911b. Additions to the avifauna of Babber. Novit. Zool. 18: 169.

Hartert, E. 1911c. Additions to the avifauna of Luang. Novit. Zool. 18: 170.

Indrawan, M. & Somadikarta. 2004. A new hawk-owl from the Togian Islands, Gulf of Tomini, central
Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 124: 160-171.

Jepson, P., Brickle, N. & Chayadin, Y. 2001. The conservation status of Tanimbar corella and blue-
streaked lory on the Tanimbar Islands, Indonesia: results of a rapid contextual survey. Oryx 35:
224-233.

Lambert, F. L. 1998a. A new species of Gymnocrex from the Talaud Islands, Indonesia. Forktail 13: 1-6.

Lambert, F. L. 1998b. A new species of Amaurornis from the Talaud Islands, Indonesia, and a review of
bush hens occurring from the Philippines to Australasia. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 118: 67-82.

LeCroy, M. 2005. Type specimens in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 6. Passeriformes:
Prunellidae, Turdidae, Orthonychidae, Timaliidae, Paradoxornithidae, Picathartidae and
Polioptilidae. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 292: 1-132.

Meyer, A. B. 1884. Uber neue und ungeniigend bekannte Végel, Nester und Eier aus dem Osttindischen
Archipel im K6nigl. Zool. Mus. Dresden, Abh. Naturwiss. Ges. Isis Dresden 1: \—64.

Moeliker, C. W. & Heij, C. J. 1995. The rediscovery of Monarcha boanensis (Aves: Monarchidae) from
Boano Island, Indonesia. Deinsea 2: 123-143.

Olsen, J., Wink, M., Sauer-Giirth, H. & Trost, S. 2002. A new Ninox from Sumba, Indonesia. Emu 102:
223-231.

Pannell, S. W. 1991. Narrative boundaries national horizon; the politics of identity in Amaya, Maluku
Tenggara, Indonesia. Doctoral Thesis. Univ. of Adelaide.

Payne, R. B. 2005. The cuckoos. Oxford Univ. Press.

Rasmussen, P. C. 1999. A new species of hawk-owl Ninox from north Sulawesi, Indonesia. Wilson Bull.
111: 457-464.

RePPProT. 1989. The land resources of Indonesia: a national overview. ODA/Ministry of
Transmigration, Jakarta.

Riley, J. 2002. Population sizes and the status of endemic and restricted-range bird species on Sangihe
Island, Indonesia. Bird Conserv. Intern. 12: 53-78.

Riley, J. & Wardill, J. C. 2001. The rediscovery of Cerulean Paradise-flycatcher Eutrichomyias rowleyi
on Sangihe, Indonesia. Forktail 17: 45-55.

Colin R. Trainor 319 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Rothschild, M. 1983. Dear Lord Rothschild: birds, butterflies and history. Hutchinson, Melbourne.

Rozendaal, F. G & Lambert, F. L. 1999. The taxonomic and conservation status of Pinarolestes
sanghirensis Oustalet 1881. Forktail 15: 1-13.

Sangster, G. & Rozendaal, F. G. 2004. Systematic notes on Asian birds, 41. Territorial songs and species-
level taxonomy of nightjars of the Caprimulgus macrurus complex, with the description of a new
species. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350: 7-45.

Shannaz, J. 2001. Rediscovery of the Damar Flycatcher, Damar Island, Maluku, Indonesia. Oriental Bird
Cl. Bull. 34: 38-39.

Sharpe, R. B. 1894. List of birds from Damma Island, East Indian Archipelago. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 14:
56-58.

Shepherd, C., Sukumaran, J. & Wich, S. A. 2004. Open season: an analysis of the pet trade in Medan,
Sumatra during 1997-2001. Traffic Southeast Asia Rep., Selangor.

Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M. J., Long, A. J. & Wege, D. C. 1998. Endemic Bird Areas of the world: pri-
orities for biodiversity conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.

Sujatnika, Jepson, P., Soehartono, T. R., Crosby, M. J. & Mardiastuti, A. 1995. Conserving Indonesian
biodiversity: the Endemic Bird Area approach. PHPA/BirdLife International-Indonesia Programme,
Bogor.

Trainor, C. 2002a. An expedition to Damar Island, south-west Maluku, Indonesia. Oriental Bird Cl. Bull.
36: 18-23.

Trainor, C. 2002b. Rediscovery of the Damar flycatcher Ficedula henrici on Damar Island, Indonesia,
after 103 years. Oryx 36: 14.

Trainor, C. R. 2002c. The birds of Adonara, Lesser Sundas, Indonesia. Forktail 18: 93-100.

Trainor, C. R. 2002d. Status and habitat use of bird communities on Lembata Island, Wallacea, Indonesia,
with particular reference to a simple technique for sampling small-island avifaunas. Bird Conserv.
Intern. 12: 365-381.

Trainor, C. 2003. Bird observations from Kisar Island, Lesser Sundas, Indonesia. Kukila 12: 54-58.

Trainor, C. R. 2005a. Species richness, habitat use and conservation of birds of Alor Island, Lesser
Sundas, Indonesia. Emu 105: 127-135.

Trainor, C. R. 2005b. Waterbirds and coastal seabirds of Timor-Leste (East Timor): status and distribu-
tion from surveys in August 2002—December 2004. Forktail 21: 61-78.

Trainor, C. R. 2007. Changes in bird species composition on a remote and well-forested Wallacean
Island. Biol. Conserv. 140: 373-385

Trainor, C. R. & Leitao, P. J. 2007. Further significant bird records from Atauro Island, Timor-Leste (East
Timor). Forktail 23: 155—158.

Trainor, C. R. & Soares, T. 2004. Birds of Atauro Island, Timor Leste (East Timor). Forktail 20: 41-48.

van Steenis-Kruseman, M. J. 1950. Malaysian plant collectors and collections, being a cyclopaedia of
botanical exploration in Malaysia and a guide to the concerned literature up to the year 1950. Flora
Malesiana Series I: Spermatophyta, vol. 1: 1-639.

White, C. M. N. & Bruce, M. D. 1986. The birds of Wallacea: an annotated check-list. British
Ornithologists’ Union, London.

Address: BirdLife International-Indonesia Programme, P.O. Box 310, Bogor, 16003, Indonesia. Current
address: Tropical Savannas Management Cooperative Research Centre, Charles Darwin University,
Northern Territory, Australia, e-mail: colin.trainor@cdu.edu.au

APPENDIX
Species recorded for Damar Island at three main and five minor sites, with data concerning species collected during
visits in the 1890s from Hartert (1900). Species recorded in 1898, but not in 2001 are denoted ’0’. Note that Brown
Goshawk Accipiter fasciatus is listed for Damar by Finsch (1901) but I did not locate a specimen; Meyer (1884)
noted Urospizias torquatus (a synonym for Brown Goshawk), which Hartert (1900) corrected to Astur polionotus (a
synonym for Variable Goshawk A. novaehollandiae).

Colin R. Trainor 320 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

s ¥
g = =| 2 DB a Ss §
Fen nce Leen recs ro ae
Oo ‘s} ee S = =| s oO
2228s #¢€ se athe
a8 Se ee eee
2 fF ane 2 ee sae ee
= = = © 44m F&F FE EF

Fregata minor Great Frigatebird X Kx

Fregata ariel Lesser Frigatebird KT

Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Lttle Black Cormorant x

Phalacrocorax melanoleucos Little Pied Cormorant x

Sula sula Red-footed Booby 0

Egretta sacra Pacific Reef Heron xe WE X X ae.

Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret 0

Butorides striata Striated Heron X

Nycticorax caledonicus Rufous Night Heron X

Pandion haliaetus Osprey X X X

Aviceda subcristata Pacific Baza X X

Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite Xo UGK Pe

Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea Eagle Sag %

Accipiter fasciatus Brown Goshawk Ke et Se

Accipiter novaehollandiae Variable Goshawk % X KT OK CARE X

Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonelli’s Eagle x

Falco moluccensis Spotted Kestrel x

Megapodius reinwardt Orange-footed Scrubfowl KE ae Ong eX

Rallina tricolor Red-necked Crake 0 ?

Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted Waterhen 0

Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Plover x x

Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel 0

Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit 0

Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank 0

Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper X X X le

Heteroscelus brevipes Grey-tailed Tattler 0

Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone X

Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot 0

Esacus neglectus Beach Thick-knee * Seeie.

Columba vitiensis Metallic Pigeon ale X X

Macropygia magna Barred-necked Cuckoo-Dove X

Chalcophaps indica Emerald Dove X Ko KAS, PR We ax

Geopelia maugei Barred Dove Xx kt eK

Ptilinopus cinctus Black-backed Fruit Dove KK) K | Xs

Ptilinopus regina Rose-crowned Fruit Dove Ror SM aK x 4

Ducula concinna Blue-tailed Imperial Pigeon x pee he SAD x Xx

Ducula rosacea Pink-headed Imperial Pigeon BD KMS eae PK

Eos reticulata Blue-streaked Lory 7 le X X

Trichoglossus euteles Olive-headed Lorikeet RD Re pe ae Kas

Cuculus saturatus Oriental Cuckoo 0

Cacomantis variolosus? Brush Cuckoo

Chrysococcyx minutillus Little Bronze Cuckoo RV ORy) ea a a RE eX
Chrysococcyx sp. bronze cuckoo

Eudynamys cyanocephala Australian Koel

Tyto spp. Barn/masked owl X X Xx xX xX

Colin R. Trainor 324 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Collocalia esculenta Glossy Swiftlet SOS Sa et ee EP ep 2
Halcyon chloris Collared Kingfisher X % i Ce ce 3
Todiramphus australasia Cinnamon-banded Kingfisher ef ex Kk biter

Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater X x
Eurystomus orientalis Common Dollarbird x oe ae

Pitta elegans Elegant Pitta X x ok X x x
Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow X X X i x

Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail
Anthus gustavi Pechora Pipit
Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-Shrike Xx X xX

SS

Coracina dispar Kai Cicadabird X

Zoothera peronii Orange-banded Thrush X Xx Kee

Gerygone dorsalis Rufous-sided Gerygone X ye mee? xs) Ca AO x
Ficedula henrici Damar Flycatcher X X

Monarcha cinerascens Island Monarch 0

Monarcha mundus Black-bibbed Monarch 0

Monarcha trivirgatus Spectacled Monarch xX ke ok a

Myiagra ruficollis Broad-billed Flycatcher 0

Rhipidura rufiventris Northern Fantail MMM - ie x pT ER: 5
Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail K Qeoxy) Biv go Se Ory Vk Ry (3K.
Pachycephala pectoralis Golden Whistler Ko hn x > ame:
Pachycephala leucogastra White-bellied Whistler eT Rely XK atk pkg vk
Aplonis metallica Metallic Starling 0

Lichmera squamata Scaly-breasted Honeyeater > ee an ae < weil Bek ee
Dicaeum maugei Red-chested Flowerpecker x Roe

Zosterops citrinellus Ashy-bellied White-eye me > Pac Sa te aes J Axed ney Ka
Erythrura tricolor Tricoloured Parrot-finch 0

Lonchura molucca Black-faced Munia X By XK ?

© British Ornithologists’ Club 2007

The genus Macropygia Swainson, 1837,
and its type species

by Steven M. S. Gregory, Edward C. Dickinson
& Claire Voisin

Received 26 November 2006

Swainson (1837) listed three species under his new genus, Macropygia, so the type
species is to be found in subsequent designation. Schodde & Mason (1997: 23)
came to the conclusion that Selby (1840) designated Columba phasianella albeit
‘without author and date’. This view contradicts previous views and the treatment
in Peters (1938), and thus disrupts stability. We have examined Selby (1840) and are
unconvinced that Selby made a valid designation, principally because Swainson’s
use of ‘pl. col. 100’ should be integral to any such decision, or at least to its
interpretation, and by its omission the identity of the selected form became
ambiguous.

Steven M. S. Gregory et al. 322 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Erection of the genus Macropygia

When Swainson (1837) erected the genus Macropygia, now accorded nine or more
species restricted to Asia, Australasia or the archipelagos between them, he included
only ‘Columba phasianella Temminck, [1821-22], Columba infuscata Lichtenstein,
[1823], and Columba reinwardii [sic| Temminck, [1822]’. The second of these is a
junior synonym of Columba plumbea Vieillot, 1818, and is, as Swainson indicated,
from Brazil; the third was given a genus of its own (Reinwardtoena) by Bonaparte
(1854), leaving just Columba phasianella in Swainson’s genus based, it is thought,
on the views of Gray (1840) or Selby (1840). But what is the ‘Columba phasianella
Temminck’ of Swainson?

Swainson (1837) made clear that he referred to Columba phasianella as it had
appeared in ‘PI. col. 100’, in the same way mentioning ‘ib. [ibidem = PI. col.] 248’
for Columba reinwardii. That this has been overlooked is at the root of the need to
reaffirm the identity.

Temminck used the name Columba phasianella
in two distinct ways

The cuckoo-doves concerned here are widespread and most of their species are
usually treated as polytypic although their relationships are disputed. Peters (1937:
79-80) considered Macropygia phasianella a wide-ranging species with subspecies
in the Philippines, the Greater and Lesser Sundas, and Australia, but excluded
Moluccan birds; Dickinson (2003: 162) recognised a different broad species,
omitting Philippine birds (tenuirostris Bonaparte, 1854), but including Moluccan
ones, and for this species it is necessary to use the earlier name amboinensis
Linnaeus, 1766. Whatever the treatment, the forms present in Australia, the
Philippines and the Moluccas resemble one another quite strongly. Temminck’s first
description of ‘Columba phasianella’ appeared in a paper describing several new
pigeons largely from the collection of the Linnean Society of London and related to
the Australian taxon. However, by about 1820, specimens were also known from
Java and the Philippines and, with the description of Columba amboinensis by
Linnaeus also available, the similarities referred to earlier must have been apparent
to Temminck. His views seem to have evolved from believing that he had found an
adult of the same species as that which he had described from a young Australian
bird, necessitating the placement of his name phasianella in the synonymy of a
Linnean name (amboinensis), to believing there to be two different species. In the
Planches coloriées Temminck (1821) had a cuckoo-dove illustrated in Plate 100
which on the wrapper he called Columba amboinensis, but in subsequently
providing text for this, he used the name Columba phasianella thereby implicitly
excluding birds from Amboina. Temminck (1839) seems to have been confused by
his earlier treatments and in the Tableau Méthodique appears to revert to treating
phasianella as a synonym of amboinensis (the name on the wrapper of livraison 17,
holding pl. 100).

Steven M. S. Gregory et al. 323 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

The importance of the plate in the Planches coloriées

This plate, Pl. 100 of the Planches coloriées, appeared as part of livraison 17 in
December 1821 (Dickinson 2001: 46). Throughout the Planches the only names on
the plates themselves were French vernacular names. The original names relating to
all the first 20 livraisons (120 plates) appeared on the wrappers and were reported
by Froriep (1821, 1822). Froriep (1822) reported that Pl. 100 was of ‘Columba
Amboinensis (Linné) der ostindische Archipelagus und Java’ a form of words that
might or might not then have been inclusive of ‘New Holland’, now Australia. This
phrase, in German, suggests Froriep (1822, October) drew on the French text on the
wrapper, not now known to exist, for the terra typica and not on the text; the
reporting structure used is exactly like that of Froriep (1821), where he had only the
wrappers to draw upon. The texts for the plates included in this livraison appeared
about August 1822 (Stresemann 1922, Dickinson 2001: 22) and the wording of
Froriep (1822, October) makes clear, without being specific, that texts for some of
the earlier Planches coloriées had begun to appear. The texts for livraisons 16—25
reached Lichtenstein in Berlin on 22 August 1822 (Stresemann 1922), and it is
conceivable that Froriep may have seen the texts for livraison 17, however the text
is entitled Columba phasianella (and this is not the name used by Froriep).

In this text Temminck began by mentioning the young bird killed in ‘la
Nouvelle-Hollande’, which he had described earlier in the Transactions of the
Linnean Society of London. He then went on to discuss the range of the ‘species’,
stating that it appeared to be distributed in most of the islands which form the
archipelagos of the Sundas, the Moluccas and the Philippines. This incorporates
Java as well as the Philippines and, one would suppose, Amboina too (yet the earlier
name for the Amboina bird was not retained). Temminck next described the adult,
making clear in his heading that this was the subject of his plate; after that he
described the young. The first lines of Temminck’s belated text suggest that the bird
from New Holland must have provided his description of the young. His further
comments make clear that specimens in either Paris or the ‘Pays-Bas’ (implying
Leiden) were used for the description of the adult and provided the model for the
plate, but Temminck did not clarify whether the bird depicted was a Leiden
specimen from Java, or perhaps Amboina, or one from Paris, where the artist was
based and where there was a specimen from the Philippines.

What Temminck wrote in his text, to which Swainson did not refer, is less
relevant to the correct association of the name than the identity of the bird depicted
in pl. 100 to which Swainson did refer.

Gray (1840) listed the genus Macropygia and enumerated two nominal species
‘M. amboinensis (Lath.) [sic], C. phasianella Temm., Pl. col. 100’. He may have
thought these one and the same, as the Tableau Méthodique might be taken to mean,
but he does not say so. Of these two only the latter had been included in the three
listed by Swainson (1837), but under Art. 69.4 of the Code (ICZN 1999) fixation by
elimination does not in itself constitute type fixation. Bonaparte (1854: 1111) said

Steven M. S. Gregory et al. 324 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

of M. tenuirostris of the Philippines ‘ .. . et c’est elle qui a servi de type a la Pl. 100
de la prétendue [‘so-called’] phasianella des planches coloriées’. This phraseology
confirms only that this specimen was the model for the plate.

Wishing to confirm that Bonaparte’s judgement was sound we established first
that the specimen used for PI. 100 is still extant in the Museum nationale d’ Histoire
naturelle, Paris. It can be traced from the museum’s specimen registers (in the
Ancien Catalogue as No. 11398 and, renumbered C.G. 2002-546, in the more recent
Catalogue Générale). One of us (CV) compared this specimen and PI. 100 from the
Planches Coloriées. She found the specimen and the depiction very similar, in
particular the dark brown of the central rectrices appeared identical to the dark
brown of the back and the folded wings in both the plate and the specimen. The
single Australian specimen of phasianella in the Paris collection (MNHN C.G.
1931-997) differs in having the tail-feathers reddish brown, contrasting with the
darker back, as well as being considerably paler than the tail in the Paris specimens
of tenuirostris. However, Pl. 100 represents the metallic colouring on the hindneck
and the upper mantle quite forcefully, but this is now scarcely visible in C.G.
2002-546, as is the case with all the Paris specimens, so either the painter
exaggerated the importance of this or, more probably, had the light shining on a
fresh skin which has since faded and lost its sheen. The colour of the feet, reported
by Bonaparte (1854) to be ‘roux’ (rufous), and not readily visible in the plate,
compares with a rather brown appearance today. Nevertheless, overall, the closer
match is with fenuirostris.

Salvadori (1893: 335) listed ‘M. phasianella’ as type, making no mention of an
author or of the critical ‘pl. col. 100’. Readers of Salvadori’s account would thus
have presumed that the Philippine form, therein treated as tenuirostris, was not the
type species. The first substantive subsequent designation occurred in Mathews
(1920: 9), where he stated ‘C. phasianella Temminck, Planch. Color. 1821 not
Trans. Linn. Soc., Lond. 1821 = M. tenuirostris Bonaparte.’ Peters (1937: 75)
followed this lead and identified the type species as Macropygia tenuirostris
Bonaparte (in its identity as ‘Columba phasianella’ Temminck in the text to Pl. Col.
100). Peters cited Salvadori (1882: 132) but what we find there contradicts any
implication that Salvadori agreed or that he fixed the type species. Salvadori’s label
for the type species is merely Columba phasianella with no mention of PI. Col. 100.
The action taken by Mathews (1920: 9) appears to us to fit the requirements of Art.
69.1 of the Code.

It is indeed doubtful that any of the above was in dispute until Condon (1975:
166) made the statement: ‘type (by subsequent designation) C. phasianella
Temminck, 1821.’ Obliquely linked to ‘Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 13: 129—near Port
Jackson, NSW.’ as listed by Condon, on the same page, under M. amboinensis
phasianella. \t would appear that from this rather casual beginning the entire
(recent) history of this debate has arisen.

We do not accept the view of Schodde & Mason (1997: 23) that Swainson’s
deliberate qualification ‘pl. col. 100’ can be ignored as it was by Wardlaw Ramsay

Steven M. S. Gregory et al. 325 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

(1890) and Salvadori (1882, 1893). We do accept that it is demonstrable that Gray
(1840) failed to designate a type species and that Gray (1855: 99) put forward an
ineligible species. It remains our view that Selby (1840) did not validly select a type
species and would argue that if he did so his use of phasianella must be conditioned
by the qualifying ‘Pl. Col. 100’ imposed by Swainson with the meaning that he
indicated the bird depicted and not the later text to that plate. We therefore accept
the subsequent designation of Mathews (1920: 9) as correct and valid under Art.
69.1 of the Code.

The correct citation of the generic name and
of its type species

Macropygia
Macropygia Swainson, 1837. On the natural history and classification of birds, 2,
p. 348.

Type, by subsequent designation, Mathews, 1920, Birds of Australia, supplement 1,
p. 9. Columba phasianella Temminck, 1822 [text partim], pl. col. 100 (1821) =
Macropygia tenuirostris Bonaparte, 1854, nec Columba phasianella Temminck,
1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.

Macropygia tenuirostris Bonaparte, 1854

Columba phasianella Temminck, 1822 [text partim], is a junior homonym of
Columba phasianella Temminck, 1821.

Postscript

It was suggested, by one of our referees, that Art. 70.3.2 of the Code (Misidentified
type species) could apply in this case. On pursuing this line of reasoning, however,
it became apparent that this should only apply if a type designation erroneously cites
the wrong nominal species, but as we contend here, any “misidentification’ has been
on the part of later authors, and not Swainson’s list of included nominal species, nor
the subsequent designation by Mathews.

Acknowledgements

We thank Alison Harding for help with literature, three referees whose comments on our original draft
were most helpful, and Richard Schodde for discussions that led us to agree to differ.

References:

Bonaparte, C. L. 1854. Coup d’oeil sur les pigeons (troisiéme partie). Comptes Rendus |’Acad. Sci.
(Paris) 39(24): 1102-1112.

Condon, H. T. 1975. Checklist of the birds of Australia, part 1. Royal Australian Ornithologists’ Union,
Melbourne.

Dickinson, E. C. 2001. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 9. The “Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées”
of Temminck & Laugier (1820-1839). Zool. Verhand. 335: 7—S4.

Steven M. S. Gregory et al. 326 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Dickinson, E. C. (ed.) 2003. The Howard & Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. Third
edn. Christopher Helm, London.

Froriep, L. F. 1821. Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und heilkunde. cols. 20-22.

Froriep, L. F. 1822. Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und heilkunde. cols. 130-132.

Gray, G. R. 1840. A list of the genera of birds with an indication of the typical species of each genus com-
piled from various sources. R. & J. E. Taylor, London.

Gray, G. R. 1855. Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum.
Trustees of the Brit. Mus., London.

International Commission for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). 1999. International code of zoological
nomenclature. Fourth edn. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, c/o The Natural
History Museum, London.

Lichtenstein, H. 1823. Verzeichnis der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Konig. Universitdts zu
Berlin. T. Trautwein, Berlin.

Linnaeus, C. 1766. Systema Naturae. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm.

Mathews, G. M. 1920. The birds of Australia. Supplement 1. Witherby & Co., London.

Peters, J. L. 1937. Check-list of birds of the world, vol. 3. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA.

Salvadori, T. 1882. Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche, vol. 3. Paravia & Co., Torino.

Salvadori, T. 1893. Catalogue of the Columbe, or pigeons, in the collection of the British Museum.
Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 21. Trustees of the Brit. Mus., London.

Schodde, R. & Mason, I. J. 1997. Aves (Columbidae to Coraciidae). Pp. 1-436 in Houston, W. W. K. &
Wells, A. (eds.) Zoological catalogue of Australia. CSIRO, Melbourne.

Selby, P. J. 1840. A catalogue of the generic and subgeneric types of the class Aves. Newcastle.

Stresemann, E. 1922. Erscheinungsdaten von Temminck und Laugiers “Planches Coloriées”. Anz. Orn.
Ges. Bayern 1(7): 54-55.

Swainson, W. 1837. On the natural history and classification of birds, vol. 2. Longmans, Brown, Green
& Longmans, London.

Temminck, C. J. 1821. Account of some new species of birds of the genera Psittacus and Columba, in
the museum of the Linnean Society. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 13: 107-130.

Temminck, C. J. 1821. Wrapper for Livr. 17. in Temminck, C. J. & Laugier, B. 1820-39. Nouveaux
Recueil de Planches coloriées d’Oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enlu-
minées de Buffon. Paris.

Temminck, C. J. 1822. Text for pl. 100 (Livr. 17). in Temminck, C. J. & Laugier, B. 1820-39. Nouveaux
Recueil de Planches coloriées d’Oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enlu-
minées de Buffon. Paris.

Temminck, C. J. 1839. Tableau Méthodique. Livr. 102 of Temminck, C. J. & Laugier, B. 1820-39.
Nouveaux Recueil de Planches coloriées d’Oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux
planches enluminées de Buffon. Paris.

Vieillot, L. P. 1818. Nouveau dictionnaire d’histoire naturelle, vol. 26. Paris.

Wardlaw Ramsay, R. G. 1890. On the Columbinae genus Macropygia and its allies. Jbis (6)2: 214-247.

Addresses: Steven M. S. Gregory, 35 Monarch Road, Northampton NN2 6EH, UK, e-mail:
sgregory.avium@ntlworld.com. Edward C. Dickinson, Flat 3, Bolsover Court, 19 Bolsover Road,
Eastbourne BN20 7JG, UK, e-mail: edward@asiaorn.org. Claire Voisin, Muséum national d’ Histoire
naturelle, Laboratoire de Zoologie, Mammiféres et Oiseaux, 55 Rue de Buffon, F-75005, Paris,
France.

© British Ornithologists’ Club 2007

Jorge Cravino & Santiago Claramunt 327 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

First records of Red-eyed Thornbird
Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus
ferrugineigula and Pale-breasted Thrush
Turdus leucomelas for Uruguay

by Forge Cravino & Santiago Claramunt
Received 27 November 2006

We report two new resident species for north-west Uruguay based on surveys c.20
km south-east of Rivera city, between the Cuchilla de Santa Ana in the north-east
(the Uruguay/Brazil border) and Cufiapirt stream in the south-west, dpto. Rivera.
Natural habitats include campo grasslands, gallery forests and other riparian habitats
along the main watercourses, cliff forest at the base of tablelands and plateaux, and
isolated patches of swamp forest. Main economic activities are traditional cattle
ranching and forestry. Between 22 February 2001 and 2 March 2002 we conducted
biodiversity surveys of lands owned by the forestry company COFUSA, which
operates c.50,000 ha of Eucalyptus and Pinus plantations, most of them younger
than 20 years old. We surveyed birds by direct observation, sound-recording, mist-
netting and collecting, during ten trips totalling 37 days. Specimens are deposited in
the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y Antropologia (MNHN) in Montevideo.

Species accounts

RED-EYED THORNBIRD Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus ferrugineigula

An adult male (MNHN 5952) was mist-netted in an oxbow swamp of Cunapiru
stream, estancia Trinidad (31°01’S, 55°29°W), on 23 February 2001. On 18
November 2001, a second bird was caught there. On 9 March 2001, an adult male
(MNHN 5965) and young female (MNHN 5964) were mist-netted in Bafiado de los
Alazanes, in the same estancia (30°59’S, 55°28’ W). We also heard vocalisations at
estancia Batovi (31°02’S, 55°25’W) on 10 August 2001, and at Bafado de los
Chanchos (31°03’S, 55°26’W). Our specimens refer to P. e. ferrugineigula, which is
postulated to be specifically distinct, based on differences in plumage, habitat and
vocalisations (Ridgely & Tudor 1994, Remsen 2003).

At the headwaters of Banado de los Alazanes (30°59’S, 55°26’ W), we found two
active nests, 300 m apart, in Citronella congonha trees (Icacinaceae) at the border
of swamp forest and Baccharis sp. thickets (Asteraceae). Both nests were pensile,
attached to the distal part of low branches (1.1 and 1.4 m above the water), which
curved downwards at angles of 45° and 70° to the vertical trunk. Branches with
green leaves protruded from the nest’s roof and lateral walls indicating extensive
structural support. Nests were boot-shaped like that of other Phacellodomus
(Narosky et al. 1983, Sick 1984), but relatively small (nest 1: length 32 cm, height

Jorge Cravino & Santiago Claramunt 328 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

22 cm; nest 2: length 29 cm, height 23 cm, width 13 cm). They differed from all
other Phacellodomus nests, including P. e. erythrophthalmus, in being of dry stalks
and non-lignified twigs (2-4 mm diameter), instead of woody sticks. The nest
chambers were directly below the branch bifurcation, and the entrances (4 cm
diameter) faced outwards from the tree trunk. As in congeners (Narosky et al. 1983,
Sick 1984, Zyskowski & Prum 1999), both had an antechamber between the
entrance and incubation chamber.

We found the first nest on 19 November 2001. Nearby, we heard a pair alarm-
calling from dense Baccharis shrubs. On 5 December we flushed an adult from the
nest and found two hatched eggs in the antechamber. When the second nest was
found on 6 December, it also contained two hatched eggs in the antechamber. In
February 2002 both nests were abandoned and partially destroyed, but we observed
three birds (presumably a family) in Eryngium pandanifolium (Apiaceae) and
isolated shrubs in the marsh.

P. erythrophthalmus was considered endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
(Stotz et al. 1996, Silva et al. 2004). In Rio Grande do Sul, the species reaches the
south-eastern hills (Belton 2000), 200 km east of estancia Trinidad. Recent records
(JC unpubl.; Azpiroz & Menéndez in press) suggest that the species 1s widespread
in north-east Uruguay, but has perhaps been overlooked due to its cryptic habits. The
species was mentioned for Uruguay by Azpiroz (2001) and Claramunt & Cuello
(2004) based on the present records.

PALE-BREASTED THRUSH Turdus leucomelas

Found mostly around the main buildings of estancia Trinidad (30°59’S, 55°26’ W),
where we saw three feeding on Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) fruits, and it was first
recorded on 23 and 25 February 2001, when we collected two specimens (MNHN
5953, 5963), and again on 3 February 2002. On 26—27 October 2001, we saw three
feeding on food taken from a trashcan in the garden of estancia Trinidad.

In November—December 2001 a pair nested in Puesto Batovi (31°02’S,
55°26’ W). On 3 November we found a nest of sticks and mud with one egg and two
chicks in a partially open barn, on a wooden rafter 3 m above ground. On 4
December we found a second nest in a small square opening in a cabin wall, 20 m
from the barn. It was constructed of mud and green herbaceous plants. On 27
December it contained three eggs.

Our records are the first for Uruguay. Historical references are ascribable to
Turdus amaurochalinus (Hellmayr 1934), whilst recent reports (Azpiroz 2001,
Claramunt & Cuello 2004) are based on the present records. Our records are also the
southernmost of the species and probably relate to T. 1. leucomelas. The closest
populations are those in north-west Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), c.300 km distant
(Belton 2000), though Bencke & Grillo (1995) reported new records in eastern Rio
Grande do Sul in Eucalyptus groves and urban areas, suggesting the species is
expanding its range in disturbed landscapes. T. Jeucomelas may benefit from food
sources such as trash and fruiting trees near houses, and the availability of buildings

Jorge Cravino & Santiago Claramunt 329 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

and other man-made structures for nest sites, as 7: Jeuwcomelas is known to use these
elsewhere (de la Pena 1989, Clement 2000). Our records are consistent with such
explanations in terms of geography, habitat and nest site, and suggest that the arrival
of T. leucomelas in Uruguay reflects the expansion of anthropogenic habitats.

Acknowledgements
Biological inventories were funded by COFUSA as part of the certification process of its forestry
activities. Collecting permits were issued to SC by the Direcci6n de Recursos Naturales Renovables,
Ministerio de Ganaderia Agricultura y Pesca of the Uruguayan government. We thank Alberto Fossati,
Andrés Gomez, Maria Oneil, Luis Achugar and Miguel Olmos for their invaluable assistance with field
work. IdeaWild generously provided sound-recording equipment. J. V. Remsen and Adrian B. Azpiroz
commented on the manuscript.

References:

Azpiroz, A. B. 2001. Aves del Uruguay. Lista e introduccion a su biologia y conservacion. Aves Uruguay-
GUPECA, Montevideo.

Azpiroz, A. B. & Menéndez, J. L. in press. Three new species and novel distributional data for birds in
Uruguay. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 128.

Belton, W. 2000. Aves do Rio Grande do Sul, distribuigdao e biologia. Unisinos, Sao Leopoldo.

Bencke, G. A. & Grillo, H. C. Z. 1995. Range expansion of the Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas
(Aves, Turdidae) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. [heringia, sér. Zool. 79: 175-176.

Claramunt, S. & Cuello, J. P. 2004. Diversidad de la biota uruguaya. Aves. An. Mus. Hist. Nat. &
Antropologia 10(6): 1—76.

Clement, P. 2000. Thrushes. Princeton Univ. Press.

Hellmayr, C. E. 1934. Catalogue of the birds of the Americas, part VII. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser.
13: 1-531.

Narosky, S., Fraga, R. & de la Pena, M. 1983. Nidificacion de las aves argentinas (Dendrocolaptidae y
Furnariidae). Asociacion Ornitologica del Plata, Buenos Aires.

de la Penta, M. 1989. Guia de las aves argentinas, vol. 4. Literature of Latin America, Buenos Aires.

Remsen, J. V. 2003. Family Furnariidae (ovenbirds). Pp. 162—357 in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie,
D. A. (eds.) Handbook of the birds of the world, vol. 8. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Ridgely R. S. & Tudor, G. 1989. The birds of South America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press.

Silva, J. M. C., de Sousa, M. C. & Castelletti, C. H. M. 2004. Areas of endemism for passerine birds in
the Atlantic forest, South America. Global Ecol. & Biogeogr. 13: 85-92.

Sick, H. 1984. Ornitologia brasileira, uma introdugdo, vol. 2. Ed. Universidade de Brasilia.

Stotz, D. F., Fitzpatrick, J. W., Parker, T. A. & Moskovits, D. K. 1996. Neotropical birds: ecology and
conservation. Univ. of Chicago Press.

Zyskowski, K. J. & Prum, R. O. 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of the nest architecture of Neotropical oven-
birds (Furnariidae). Auk 116: 891-911.

Addresses: Jorge Cravino, CYGNUS Wildlife Consulting, Eduardo Acevedo 864, 11200 Montevideo,
Uruguay, e-mail: jcravino@uruguaybirding.com. Santiago Claramunt, Museo Nacional de Historia
Natural y Antropologia, Casilla de Correo 399, 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay, e-mail:
sclaral @lsu.edu

© British Ornithologists’ Club 2007

Author and Contents Index 330 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club
Index for Volume 127 (2007)

LIST OF AUTHORS AND CONTENTS

ALEIXO, A., GREGORY, S. M. S. & PENHALLURICK, J. P. Fixation of the type species and
validation of the genus Dendroplex Swainson, 1827 (Dendrocolaptidae)...............c:cccseeeeseeeees 242

AVENDANO, J. E. see DONEGAN, T. M.

BACCETTI, N., MASSA, B. & VIOLANI, C. Proposed synonymy of Sylvia cantillans moltonii
Orlando, 1937, with Sylvia cantillans subalpina Temminck, 1820 ............ccccccccsscceessceeesseteeeees 107

BOCK, W. J. see SCHODDE, R.

BRICENO, E. R. see DONEGAN, T. M.

CASTILLO, L. F. see RUIZ-GUERRA, C.
CIFUENTES-SARMIENTO, Y. see RUIZ-GUERRA, C.

CLARK, W. S. Taxonomic status and distribution of Mangrove Black Hawk Buteogallus
(GML PACINIS SUDO IS Sip EE wack J bahd sncdles Me 4 ya deag bace tints dn areuate Been peeeeetARS > Taek cece ot 110

CLARAMUNT, S. see CRAVINO, J.
CLARAMUNT, S. see O’SHEA, B. J.

CLUB NOTICES
Notice‘and Agenda for the AGM on 24-April 2007.20.25... thes cree sebeobasdteolieseceten tetustensonmeainne l
Report of the AGM heldiom 24 A pti 2007 ooo. sccccsenvcaty-dec-cteeetesspnecavertes-achtancdtag ee satreen eee eee 86
Trustees’ Annual Report for 2006 & Financial Statement ...2..:c..0::s0-dssenccsaec<ooncesearetectepekeeneeeenee: 88
Meeting Repontts yA dckiied de Ae eR A Coa ef Lb SS9G9F253

CODY, M. L. see MUNERA-ROLDAN, C.

COLLAR, N. J. Taxonomic notes on some insular Loriculus hanging-patrots.............:c:cccceeeeeee: Of,

CORDOBA-CORDOBA, S. see ECHEVERRY-GALVIS, M. A.

CRAVINO, J. & CLARAMUNT, S. First records of Red-eyed Thornbird Phacellodomus
erythrophthalmus ferrugineigula and Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas for Uruguay... 327

DICKINSON, E. C. see GREGORY, S. M. S.

DONEGAN, T. M. A new species of brush finch (Emberizidae: Atlapetes) from the northern
Central Andes of Colomibid i: .ccc0 silscatac isles acnsd say og see oteuesav poeta tecece atthe acer 255

DONEGAN, T. M., AVENDANO, J. E., BRICENO, E. R. & HUERTAS, B. Range extensions,
taxonomic and ecological notes from Serrania de los Yariguies, Colombia’s new national

PYAR. Sensing dea e Av aitonnshatsibes anliap e SO AARC ina esc AR ERs cRNA REE ae ee 172
ECHEVERRY-GALVIS, M. A. & CORDOBA-CORDOBA, S. New distributional and other bird
records from Tatama Massif, West-Andess Colombia i.i60 125285 .-20-<oeroooserensce raodebasetvsnacdore paaeeaaeee 243

ERSKINE, K. T. see O’SHEA, B. J.

GARCIA-MORENO, J. see SANCHEZ-GONZALEZ, L. G.
GEBHARD, C. A. see O’SHEA, B. J.

GELIS, R. A. see GREENEY, H. F.

Author and Contents Index 3a Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

GREENEY, H. F. & GELIS, R. A. Breeding records from the north-east Andean foothills of

anit urapre err See ee AF hee at Ee UN eRe, Sse MPU ENS Aas Lo adu vabad od rams seaatabeond tora t hats 236
GREGORY, S. M. S., DICKINSON, E. C. & VOISIN, C. The genus Macropygia Swainson, 1837,
RMImIaCMR SDC CI Lensin at oath)... Roki Sree ee ei ee RoW eh SU, Se Re AR a Sol

GREGORY, 'S. M. S. see ALEIXO, A.

HERNANDEZ, C. E. see RUIZ-GUERRA, C.

HUERTAS, B. see DONEGAN, T. M.

Hy RENBACH, K. D. see VIET, R. R.

JAHN, O., PALACIOS, B. & MENA VALENZUELA, P. Ecology, population and conservation

status of the Choco Vireo Vireo masteri, a species new tO Ecuadol.............ccccccssscceesseceesseeeens 161
JANNI, O. & PULCHER, C. Reidentification of Ecuadorian specimens of Cinereous Becard
Pachyramphus rufus as Chestnut-crowned Becard P. CAStAN€US ............:cscccseccstecsseceeeeeseeeeeesees 246

JOHNSTON-GONZALEZ, R. see RUIZ-GUERRA, C.

KJELDSEN, J. P. see MUNERA-ROLDAN, C.

LINDSELL, J. A. The status of Chattering Cisticola Cisticola anonymus in Upper Guinea............ 129
MARTIN, M.-C. see VIET, R. R.

MASSA, B. see BACCETTI, N.

McALLAN, I. A. W. Existing usage and the names of some Australian birds..............ceccceeseeeeteeees 136
MENA VALENZUELA, P. see JAHN, O.

MILENSKY, C. M. see O’SHEA, B. J.

MUNERA-ROLDAN, C., CODY, M. L., SCHIELE-ZAVALA, R. H., SIGEL, B. J.,
WOLTMANN, S. & KJELDSEN, J. P. New and noteworthy records of birds from
Sameera cea <I NCU A TUNA cot vss alec ecaige ete vng dela a doen ac ao dh Myartar a aee Yan nde Rete Nees MOM sc eda Re Bred aad 2

NARANJO, L. G. see RUIZ-GUERRA, C.
NAVARRO-SIGUENZA, A. G. see SANCHEZ-GONZALEZ, L. G.
OLSON, S. L. Alca antiqua (Marsh, 1870), an invalid combination for a fossil auk (Alcidae)....... 225

O’SHEA, B. J., MILENSKY, C. M., CLARAMUNT, S., SCHMIDT, B. K., GEBHARD, C. A.,
SCHMITT, C. G. & ERSKINE, K. T. New records for Guyana, with description of the voice
of Roriman Nightjar Caprimuleotus: whitelyi 2220. cc. cuca acttabecssebeses glace § 020 ER SS oes ssa enadene 118

OSCHADLEUS, H. D. The type-localities of six of Sir Andrew Smith’s Ploceidae specimens ...... 145
PALACIOS, B. see JAHN, O.

PAYNE, R. B. & SORENSON, M. D. Integrative systematics at the species level: plumage,
songs and molecular phylogeny of quailfinches Ortygospizd............cccccccccccssccseeeseeeseesseeeseeneeens 4

PENHALLURICK, J. P. see ALEIXO, A.
PETERSON, A. T. see SANCHEZ-GONZALEZ, L. G.
PULCHER, C. see JANNI, O.

QUAISSER, C. see WALTERS, M.

RUIZ-GUERRA, C., JOHNSTON-GONZALEZ, R., CIFUENTES-SARMIENTO, Y., ESTELA,
F. A., CASTILLO, L. F., HERNANDEZ, C. E. & NARANJO, L. G. Noteworthy bird records
POMPE SOUIME OM OGL Ola @Ol OMA AN tech. vsancdacenee te teacec lec ee ucsse cack see tecedandossltebceeidelsas 283

RUSSELL, D. G D. see WALTERS, M.

Author and Contents Index aan Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

SANCHEZ-GONZALEZ, L. G., NAVARRO-SIGUENZA, A. G, PETERSON, A. T. &
GARCIA-MORENO, J. Taxonomy of Chlorospingus ophthalmicus in Mexico and northern
Central Amerie sais seas acnsieds decsansooncn Coaee ton Sits RISE et eget OE en

SANTOS, M. P. D. & VASCONCELOS, M. F. Range extension for Kaempfer’s Woodpecker
Celeus obrient m Brazil, with the first male Specimlen...2. 2..0qcce<:<caeeed-ck cde cereus estes mee

SCHIELE-ZAVALA, R. H. see MUNERA-ROLDAN, C.
SCHMIDT, B. K. see O’SHEA, B. J.
SCHMITT, C. G. see O’SHEA, B. J.

SCHODDE, R., BOCK, W. J. & STEINHEIMER, F. Stabilising the nomenclature of Australasian
birds by invalidation and suppression of disused and dubious senior names................cc:ccc0ee

SEDDON, N. see TOBIAS, J. A.
SEDDON, N. see TOBIAS, J. A.
SIGEL, B. J. see MUNERA-ROLDAN, C.

STEINHEIMER, F. D. & SAMMLER, S. First record of Verreaux’s Eagle Aquila verreauxii in
(GE) CTS) 010) TUN on net IRA et RE ee Me RRS em corres te BER Mere Oe ocx tar smReE EME Se onceed op ~onscoe ue 30

STEINHEIMER, F. see SCHODDE, R.
STEINHEIMER, F. D. see WALTERS, M.
STELA, F. A. see RUIZ-GUERRA, C.

TOBIAS, J. A. & SEDDON, N. Nine bird species new to Bolivia and notes on other significant
RECORGS 2 Eo 5 oooh Me eee eema raed ee Mata oc AGM Teg hom cceete Wee aia seces See ce near

TOBIAS, J. A. & SEDDON, N. Ornithological notes from southern Bolivia.............:cc:ccceseeeseeeeee
TRAINOR, C. R. Birds of Damar Island, Banda Sea, Indonesia ................ccceccceeeeeeneceeeceeeeeeeeeenes
VASCONCELOS, M. F. see SANTOS, M. P. D.

VIET, R. R., HYRENBACH, K. D. & MARTIN, M.-C. Records of rare birds in the Indian Ocean
during. the austral summers of 2003-05: «6-2: cescas setts -feee ed Ie cia eee

VIOLANI, C. see BACCETTI, N.

VOGEL, C. J. & MAILLARD, O. First record of Tyrannine Woodcreeper Dendrocincla
EVE ONMIN GAOL BOI IA eat sete ctssatey aay spplbeiteonccnaiasaccsiasitl -oNesoAek uc SRE RE ay

VOGT, C. A. Range extensions and noteworthy records for mainland Ecuadot...............:::cceeeeeees
VOISIN, C. see GREGORY, S. M. S.
WOLTMANN, S. see MUNERA-ROLDAN, C.

WALTERS, M., RUSSELL, D. G. D., STEINHEIMER, F. D. & QUAISSER, C. The eggs of the
Canarian (or Meade-Waldo’s) Black Oystercatcher Haematopus meadewaldoi ...........:00c00

WALTERS, M. The correct name of the Guianan Toucanet: Selenidera culik (Wagler) not S.
piperivorus (Linnaeus)... ...c..ccleausgeessussesssaanonielecdesob aes Monet Ue ee ea eee

CORRECTIONS TO TEXT
Page 44 line 3 dwighti not dwigthti
189 ‘S 1] Doryfera ludovicae not Doryfera ludoviciae

240 i 13 Chamaeza campanisona not Chamaeza campanisoma

34

249

268

167

49
293
300

2]

233
228

226

Scientific Names Index

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES

All generic and specific names (of birds only) are indexed. New specific and subspecific names are
indexed in bold print under generic, specific and subspecific names. Illustrations are numbered in italics.

abbas, Thraupis 158
Accipiter bicolor 187

— fasciatus 320

— novaehollandiae 320
Acropternis orthonyx 220
Actitis hypoleucos 320
acuminata, Calidris 30
acuticauda, Poephila 18
acutipennis, Chordeiles 62
Adelomyia melanogenys 204
adusta, Roraimia 126
aequinoctialis, Geothlypis 158
Aeronautes montivagus 179
aethiops, Thamnophilus 217
afer, Euplectes 146
affinis, Ixos 104

—, Thapsinillas 104
agami, Agamia 154
Agamia agami 154
Aglaiocercus kingi 195, 216
Agriornis andicola 74

— montana 74
alaudinus, Phrygilus 232
alba, Calidris 287

—, Tyto 313
alberti, Crax 187
albiceps, Atlapetes 258
albifacies, Poecilotriccus 49, 58, 71, 72
albifrons, Amblyospiza 146

—, Chlorospingus 43, 44, 45

—, Conirostrum 80

—, Pithys 126
albilora, Muscisaxicola 299
albinucha, Atlapetes 45, 257, 262, 263
albirostris, Galbula 66
albitarsis, Ciccaba 215
albiventer, Tachycineta 76
albocristata, Sericossypha 185, 221
albofrenatus, Atlapetes 192
albogularis, Gerygone 141, 142

—, Megascops 194, 215

—, Psilopus 141, 277, 278
albovittatus, Conopias 156
albus, Eudocimus 285
Alca antiqua 225

— grandis 225
alecto, Myiagra 304
alpina, Calidris 287
amabilis, Loriculus 97, 98, 99, 106
Amadina 5, 14

Amadina squamifrons 146
Amandava 5, 14
Amaurolimnas concolor 50, 59
Amaurornis phoenicurus 305, 320
Amazilia castaneiventris 194, 207

— chionogaster 67

— franciae 189

— lactea 64
Amazona dufresniana 120

— mercenaria 177
Amazonetta brasiliensis 297
amazonina, Hapalopsittaca 194, 204
ambiguus, Ramphastos 179, 180
Amblycercus holosericeus 202, 203
Amblyospiza albifrons 146
amboinensis, Columba 322

—, Macropygia 323, 324
americanus, Coccyzus 288
amethysticollis, Heliangelus 195, 230
Anabacerthia striaticollis 205
anaethetus, Stercorarius 31
Anas bahamensis 297

— cyanoptera 284
andicola, Agriornis 74
Andigena nigrirostris 195, 222
angolensis, Oryzoborus 232, 240
angustifrons, Psarocolius 202, 240
Anisognathus lacrymosus 185, 207, 207
anonymus, Cisticola 129-135, /31
Anthochaera chrysoptera 277
Anthomiza 136
Anthornis 136
anthracinus, Buteogallus 110, 111, 113
Anthracothorax nigricollis 64
Anthus gustavi 321
antiqua, Alca 225
antiquus, Catarractes 225

—, Synthliboramphus 225
Anurolimnas 60

— castaneiceps 59

— viridis 59
apertus, Buarremon 45
Aphriza virgata 287
Aplonis 141, 269, 275, 277, 278

— metallica 314, 321
Aplornis 141, 142, 269, 275, 277
Aquila verreauxii 167—168
aquila, Eutoxeres 189
Aramides cajanea 286

— wolfi 290

Scientific Names Index

arcuata, Pipreola 217
Ardea cocoi 187
Arenaria interpres 287, 312, 320
argentatus, Larus 288
argetraea, Columba 139, 271
argyrotis, Penelope 193
ariel, Fregata 311, 320
arremonops, Oreothraupis 219, 222
arthus, Tangara 80
Asio stygius 194
assimilis, Cuculus 137, 270, 275
—, Tolmomyias 72, 156
Asthenes wyatti 235
Astur novaehollandiae 319
— polionotus 319
Atlapetes 255-268
— albiceps 258
— albinucha 45, 257, 262, 263
— albofrenatus 192
— atrinucha 192
— blancae 257, 258, 259, 261, 261—265, 267
Atlapetes blancae sp. nov. 255-268, 259, 261
— flaviceps 257
— forbesi 256, 258
— fuscoolivaceus 257
— gutturalis 45
— latinuchus 207, 255, 258, 259, 261,
261-264, 267
— leucopterus 256-258, 264, 265, 267, 268
— nationi 256, 258
— pallidiceps 258, 263
— rufigenis 256
— rufinucha 264
— schistaceus 208, 255-258, 259, 261,
261-265, 267, 268
— seebhomi 256, 258
atratus, Scytalopus 182
atricapilla, Heteronetta 293, 295, 297
— , Myiornis 157
atricaudus, Myiobius 72, 191
Atricha 141, 269, 276, 278
Atrichia 276
Atrichornis 269, 276
— clamosus 276
atricollis, Fringilla 6
— , Ortygospiza 5—26, 14, 17
atrinucha, Atlapetes 192
atripennis, Saltator 192, 207
atronitens, Xenopipo 52, 75
atropileus, Hemispingus 221
Atticora melanoleuca 76
Attila bolivianus 75
citriniventris 49, 75
spadiceus 75, 239
torridus 290
Aulacorhynchus haematopygus 190

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

— prasinus 42, 190, 222
aurantiifrons, Loriculus 106
aureoflavus, Ploceus 146
aureus, Jacamerops 155
auricollis, Primolius 61
auricomis, Muscicapa 277
australasia, Todiramphus 303, 304, 308, 321
Australca grandis 225
Automolus roraimae 125

— rubiginosus 190
Aviceda subcristata 320
axillaris, Euplectes 146, 150

—, Myrmotherula 72

—, Vidua 146, 150

bahamensis, Anas 297
bairdii, Calidris 287
Bangsia edwardsi 231
baraui, Pterodroma 28, 29
barbatus, Cuculus 137, 270, 275

—, Myiobius 49, 72
Bartramia longicauda 286
basalis Chrysococcyx 275

—, Cuculus 137, 275
Basileuterus bivittatus 124, 125

— cinereicollis 193

— coronatus 202

— delattrii 45

— luteoviridis 201, 218

— nigrocristatus 202

— rufifrons 45

— tristriatus 208
behni, Myrmotherula 124, 125
bellicosa, Sturnella 290
bengalensis, Sterna 32
beryllinus, Loriculus 97, 105
bicolor, Accipiter 187

—., Conirostrum 52
bidentatus, Harpagus 187
bifasciatus, Psarocolius 81
bivittatus, Basileuterus 124, 125
blancae, Atlapetes sp. nov. 255-268, 259, 261

—, Atlapetes 257, 258, 259, 261, 261-265,

267
bogotensis, Patagioenas 188
Boissonneaua flavescens 204
Bolborhynchus lineola 177
boliviana, Chiroxiphia 76
bolivianus, Attila 75
bonapartei, Coeligena 195
bourcieri, Eubucco 180, 207
bouvronides, Sporophila 79
brachyura, Chaetura 63

— , Myrmotherula 181
brasilianum, Glaucidium 178
brasiliensis, Amazonetta 297

Scientific Names Index

brevicauda, Muscigralla 289
brevipes, Heteroscelus 320
Brotogeris cyanoptera 240
brunneicapillus, Ornithion 205
brunnescens, Premnoplex 188, 196, 205, 237
Buarremon (brunneinucha) apertus 45
— torquatus 186
Bubalornis niger 146, 147
Bubulcus ibis 290, 320
Bucco capensis 50, 67
— macrodactylus 67
buffoni, Chalybura 288
—, Circus 57
Bulweria bulweria 29, 30
— fallax 30, 30
bulweria, Bulweria 29, 30
Buteo jamaicensis 115
— leucorrhous 298
Buteogallus (anthracinus) subtilis 110-117, //2
— anthracinus 110—117
— gundlachi 116
— subtilis 110-117
— urubitinga 110, 120
Buthraupis montana 235
Butorides striata 311, 320

Cacatua 137
Cacicus cela 240

— chrysonotus 202, 203, 221

— uropygialis 202
Cackatto 137, 269, 274
Cacomantis variolosus 304, 312, 320
caesius, Thamnomanes 72
cahow, Pterodroma 28
Cairina moschata 297
cajanea, Aramides 286
caledonicus, Nycticorax 312, 320
Calidris acuminata 30

— alba 287

— alpina 287

— bairdii 287

— fuscicollis 60, 287

— himantopus 287

— melanotos 30, 3/, 60

— minutilla 60

— tenuirostris 320
callinota, Terenura 181
Callonetta leucophrys 297
campanisona, Chamaeza 124, 240
Campephilus gayaquilensis 290

— haematogaster 189

— melanoleucos 289
Campylopterus excellens 45

— falcatus 194

— largipennis 237
Campylorhamphus pusillus 156, 196, 205

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

canadensis, Sakesphorus 126
canigularis, Chlorospingus 192
cantans, Cisticola 129, 135
cantillans, Sylvia 107, 108, 109
capensis, Bucco 50, 67

—, Ploceus 146

—., Zonotrichia 125
Capito hypoleucus 180, 189

— quinticolor 290

— squamatus 290
Caprimulgus longirostris 194

— nigrescens 122, 236

— rufus 155

— solala 262

— whitelyi //8, 121, 127, 122
carbo, Ramphocelus 240
carbonaria, Cercomacra 124, 126
Carduelis xanthogastra 203
caripensis, Steatornis 298
Carpodectes hopkei 290
carrikeri, Geotrygon 45
castanea, Hapaloptila 216
castaneiceps, Anurolimnas 59

—, Conopophaga 191
castaneiventris, Amazilia 194, 207
castaneus, Celeus 330

—, Pachyramphus 246

—., Picus 330
Catamblyrhynchus diadema 201, 219
Catamenia homochroa 203
Catarractes antiquus 225
Catharus dryas 240

— fuscescens 77, 157

— ustulatus 77
caudata, Inezia 126
cayennensis, Mesembrinibis 158
cela, Cacicus 240
cela, Cyanocorax 202
Celeus castaneus 330

— obrieni 249-252, 249

— spectabilis 249, 251
Cephalopterus glabricollis 157
cephalotes, Myiarchus 221
Cercomacra carbonaria 124, 126

— parkeri 190, 262

— tyrannina 190
Certhia mellivora 277
cerulea, Dendroica 50, 80
cervicalis, Pterodroma 27, 29, 29
Chaetocercus mulsant 195
Chaetura 62, 63

— brachyura 63

— cinereiventris 63

— egregia 63

— meridionalis 63

— pelagica 49, 63

Scientific Names Index

— viridipennis 63
Chalcophaps indica 138, 270, 320
chalcopterus, Pionus 188
Chalybura buffoni 288
Chamaepetes goudotii 177
Chamaeza campanisona 124, 240

— turdina 181, 217
chapmani, Phylloscartes 124, 125
Charadrius collaris 286
Chenonetta jubata 273
cherriei, Synallaxis 49, 58, 68
chihi, Plegadis 297
chilensis, Phoenicopterus 285
chionogaster, Amazilia 67
chiriquensis, Elaenia 71, 191
Chiroxiphia boliviana 76
chloris, Halcyon 321
Chlorophanes spiza 121
Chlorophonia cyanea 193
Chlorornis riefferii 192
Chlorospingus 37, 42, 44

— albifrons 43, 44, 45

— canigularis 192

— dwighti 43, 44, 45

— flavigularis 219

— flavopectus 46

— ophthalmicus 34-48, 36-40, 43, 192, 205,

208

— postocularis 43, 44

— semifuscus 222

— wetmorei 43, 45
Chlorostilbon mellisugus 67
chocoensis, Veniliornis 290
Chordeiles 62

— acutipennis 62

— minor 62

— pusillus 62
chrysocephalus, Myiodynastes 198, 240
Chrysococcyx 320

— basalis 275

— crassirostris 313

— minutillus 303, 307, 308, 320
Chrysolampis 64

— mosquitus 49, 58, 63
chrysonotus, Cacicus 202, 203, 221
chrysopasta, Euphonia 240
chrysoptera, Anthochaera 277
chrysopterus, Masius 198, 207, 239

—, Merops 277
chunchotambo, Xiphorhynchus 51, 67, 68
Ciccaba albitarsis 215

virgata 220
cinchoneti, Conopias 185
cinctus, Ptilinopus 303, 306, 320
cinerascens, Monarcha 314, 321
, Nothoprocta 296

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

cinerea, Motacilla 321
cinereiceps, Phyllomyias 197
cinereicollis, Basileuterus 193
cinereiventris, Chaetura 63

—., Microbates 205
cinereum, Todirostrum 240
cinereus, Contopus 191
cinnamomea, Synallaxis 205
Cinnycerthia olivascens 199, 207, 221
Circus buffoni 57
cirratus, Picumnus 122
Cisticola anonymus 129-135, /31

— cantans 129, 135

— erythrops 135

— lateralis 135

— ruficapilla 132

— rufopileata 129
citrea, Protonotaria 289
citrinella, Zosterops 309
citrinellus, Zosterops 307, 310, 321
citriniventris, Attila 49, 75
clamator, Pseudoscops 194
clamosus, Atrichornis 276
Clytorhynchus vitiensis 136
Cnemoscopus rubrirostris 221
Cnemotriccus fuscatus 49, 52, 72, 73
Coccyzus americanus 288

— melacoryphus 229

— minor 229
cocoi, Ardea 187
Coeligena bonapartei 195

— prunellei 194

— torquata 194
Coereba flaveola 240
coerulescens, Saltator 127
Colibri delphinae 189

— thalassinus 204, 220
collaris, Charadrius 286

—., Sporophila 79

—, Trogon 194
Collocalia esculenta 321
Columba amboinensis 322

— argetraea 139, 271

— leucomela 271

— melanoleuca 138, 139

— norfolciensis 138, 270, 271, 278

— phasianella 321—325

— picata 138, 139, 271

— plumbea 322

— reinwardii 322

— spadicea 139

— vitiensis 303, 305, 320
concinna, Ducula 303, 305, 320
concolor, Amaurolimnas 50, 59
condamini, Eutoxeres 240
Conirostrum albifrons 80

ne

Scientific Names Index

— bicolor 52

— leucogenys 192

— margaritae 50, 78

— speciosum 78
Conopias albovittatus 156

— cinchoneti 185

— parva 52
Conopophaga castaneiceps 191
Contopus cinereus 191
cooki, Platycercus 137, 138
cookui, Cyanoramphus 270, 275

—, Platycercus 275
Coracias sagittata 277
Coracina dispar 314, 321

— novaehollandiae 321
cornuta, Pipra 125
coronatus, Basileuterus 202
Corvus cyanoleucus 277

— olivaceus 277
Coscoroba coscoroba 293, 295, 296
coscoroba, Coscoroba 293, 295, 296
couloni, Primolius 60
Cranioleuca demissa 125

— vulpecula 50, 69, 73
crassirostris, Chrysococcyx 313

—, Oryzoborus 231
Crax alberti 187
crepitans, Muscicapa 277
Creurgops verticalis 218
cristata, Elaenia 71

—, Lophostrix 188
Crypturellus tataupa 296
cucullatus, Ploceus 146
Cuculus assimilis 137, 270, 275

— barbatus 137, 270, 275

— basalis 137, 275

— optatus 137

— saturatus 137, 274, 275, 320

— striatus 137, 270, 274

— tenuirostris 137, 270, 274
culik, Selenidera 247, 248
curvirostris, Nothoprocta 228
cyanea, Chlorophonia 193
Cyanerpes cyaneus 121
cyaneus, Cyanerpes 121
cyanicollis, Galbula 66

—, Tangara 240
cyanocephala, Eudynamys 313, 320
Cyanocorax cela 202

— yncas 202, 203
cyanoleuca, Grallina 277

—, Notiochelidon 240

—, Pygochelidon 76, 199
cyanoleucus, Corvus 277
cyanophrys, Eupherusa 45
cyanoptera, Anas 284

357

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

—, Brotogeris 240
Cyanoramphus cookii 270, 275
cyanotis, Tangara 80
Cyclarhis nigrirostris 199
Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus 205

— thoracicus 221

dachilleae, Nannopsittaca 61
Damophila julie 288
decumanus, Psarocolius 81
delattrei, Lophornis 189
delattrii, Basileuterus 45
deleticia, Tangara gyrola 192
delphinae, Colibri 189
demissa, Cranioleuca 125
Dendrexetastes rufigula 67

Dendrocincla tyrannina 196, 233, 234

Dendrocolaptes 242

— guttatus 244, 245

— ocellatus 243
Dendrocygna viduata 297
Dendroica cerulea 50, 80

— striata 157
Dendroplex 242-246

— kienerii 245

— picus 245
Dendrornis kienerii 242, 243

diadema, Catamblyrhynchus 201, 219

—, Ochthoeca 198, 221
Dicaeum maugei 303, 311, 321
Diglossa glauca 80
dignus, Veniliornis 180
dimidiatus, Ramphocelus 205
Discosura langsdorffi 64, 65

— popelairii 49, 64
dispar, Coracina 314, 321
dominica, Oxyura 297

—, Pluvialis 286
dominicus, Tachybaptus 297

dorsalis, Gerygone 303, 304, 307, 310, 321

Doryfera ludovicae 189, 204
dryas, Catharus 240
dubius, Ploceus 146
Ducula 317
— concinna 303, 305, 320
— rosacea 303, 306, 320
dufresniana, Amazona 120
dwighti, Chlorospingus 43, 44, 45
Dysithamnus leucostictus 197
— mentalis 123, 156, 197
— occidentalis 197, 217, 222

edwardsi, Bangsia 231

egregia, Chaetura 63
—, Pyrrhura 121

Egretta sacra 320

Scientific Names Index

— thula 229
Elaenia chiriquensis 71, 191

— cristata 71

— flavogaster 71

— parvirostris 71

— pelzelni 50, 70, 73

— spectabilis 71
elegans, Eudromia 296

—, Pitta 303, 304, 308, 321
Empidonax 184
Entomodestes leucotis 78
Eolophus 274
Eos reticulata 303, 306, 320
episcopus, Thraupis 240
erythrocercum, Philydor 72
erythrophthalmus, Phacellodomus 327—329
erythrops, Cisticola 135
erythroptera, Ortalis 290
erythropterus, Philydor 72
erythrorhynchus, Textor 146
Erythrura tricolor 314, 321
erythrurus, Terenotriccus 205
Esacus neglectus 303, 305, 320
esculenta, Collocalia 321
Estrelda squamifrons 146, 147
Eubucco bourcieri 180, 207
Eucometis penicillata 188
Eudocimus albus 285
Eudromia elegans 296

— formosa 293, 296
Eudynamys cyanocephala 313, 320
Eupherusa cyanophrys 45

— nigriventris 158

— poliocerca 45
Euphonia chrysopasta 240

— xanthogaster 204
Euplectes afer 146

— axillaris 146, 150

— taha 146
Eurystomus orientalis 321
euteles, Trichoglossus 303, 306, 307, 320
Eutoxeres aquila 189

— condamini 240
excellens, Campylopterus 45
exilis, Picumnus 122
exortis, Heliangelus 216
externa, Pterodroma 27-29, 29

falcataria, Paraserianthes 306
falcatus, Campylopterus 194
Falco moluccensis 312, 320
fallax, Bulweria 30, 30
fasciatum, Tigrisoma 228
fasciatus, Accipiter 320

, Hieraaetus 312, 320
fedoa, Limosa 286

338

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

femoralis, Scytalopus 183
ferruginea, Hirundinea 185
Ficedula harterti 304, 315

— henrici 301, 303, 309, 310, 316, 321

— westermanni 304
flammigerus, Ramphocelus 290
flammulatus, Thripadectes 196
flava, Piranga 201
flaveola, Coereba 240
flavescens, Boissonneaua 204
flavicans, Myiophobus 221
flaviceps, Atlapetes 257
flavigularis, Chlorospingus 219
flavipes, Hylophilus 191

—, Platycichla 124

—., Tringa 60
flavirostris, Grallaricula 182
flaviventris, Tolmomyias 127
flavogaster, Elaenia 71
flavopectus, Chlorospingus 46
flosculus, Loriculus 97, 105, 106
forbesi, Atlapetes 256, 258
formosa, Eudromia 293, 296
Forpus sclateri 61
franciae, Amazilia 189
Fregata ariel 311, 320

— minor 311, 320
frenata, Geotrygon 219
Fringilla atricollis 6

— polyzona 6
frontalis, Hemispingus 200
frontalis, Pyrenestes 146
fuliginosa, Schizoeaca 196, 207
fuliginosus, Tiaris 186
fulva, Pluvialis 320
fumigatus, Myiotheretes 198, 218
Furnarius minor 52
fuscata, Sterna 31, 32
fuscatus, Cnemotriccus 49, 52, 72, 73
fuscescens, Catharus 77, 157
fuscicauda, Ramphotrigon 75
fuscicollis, Calidris 60, 287
fuscipenne, Philydor 205
fuscocinereus, Lipaugus 198
fuscocrissa, Ortygospiza 5, 15, 21
fuscoolivaceus, Atlapetes 257

gabonensis, Ortygospiza 5—7, 9-11, 13, 15, 16,
19, 21
Galbula albirostris 66
— cyanicollis 66
— galbula 122
— leucogastra 52, 66
— ruficauda 122
galbula, Galbula 122
Gallicolumba 138, 270

Scientific Names Index

— norfolciensis 142
Gallus gallus 14
gallus, Gallus 14
garrulus, Merops 277
gayaquilensis, Campephilus 290
geoffroyi, Schistes 195
Geopelia maugei 312, 320

— placida 139, 271

— tranquilla 139, 142, 271
Geothlypis aequinoctialis 158

— semiflava 158

— trichas 158
Geotrygon carrikeri 45

— frenata 219

— linearis 188

— veraguensis 155
Gerygone albogularis 141, 142

— dorsalis 303, 304, 307, 310, 321
gigantea, Grallaria 230
gilvus, Mimus 289
glabricollis, Cephalopterus 157
glauca, Diglossa 80
Glaucidium 67

— brasilianum 178

— griseiceps 155, 178, 178

— jardinii 220
Glaucis hirsutus 204
goudotii, Chamaepetes 177
Gracula melanocephala 277

— picata 277

— picoides 244

— viridis 277
Grallaria gigantea 230

— guatemalensis 126

— hypoleuca 190, 205

— nuchalis 220

— rufula 217

— squamigera 230
Grallaricula flavirostris 182

— nana 126, 181, 182, 207, 208, 220

— turdina 182
Grallina cyanoleuca 277
grandis, Alca 225
—, Australca 225
—, Nyctibius 179
gravis, Puffinus 28
griseicapillus, Sittasomus 80, 123, 205
griseiceps, Glaucidium 155, 178, 178
—, Phyliomyias 191
griseicollis, Scytalopus 197, 207
griseus, Limnodromus 287
guainumbi, Polytmus 65
guatemalae, Megascops 121
guatemalensis, Grallaria 126
guianensis, Morphnus 155
guimeti, Klais 189

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

gularis, Hellmayrea 196
gundlachi, Buteogallus 116
gustavi, Anthus 321
guttata, Ortalis 187, 240
guttatus, Dendrocolaptes 244, 245
guttuligera, Premnornis 196, 205
gutturalis, Atlapetes 45

—, Habia 188
guy, Phaethornis 179, 188
Gypopsitta pulcra 290
gyrola, Tangara 192

Habia gutturalis 188

— rubica 72
haematogaster, Campephilus 189
haematonota, Myrmotherula 72
Haematopus leucopodus 226

— meadewaldoi 226, 226

— palliatus 286
Halcyon chloris 321
Haliaeetus leucogaster 312, 320
haliaetus, Pandion 312, 320
Haliastur indus 312, 320
Hapalopsittaca amazonina 194, 204
Hapaloptila castanea 216
Haplophaedia lugens 230
Haplospiza rustica 201, 219
Harpagus bidentatus 187
Harpia harpyja 154
Harpyhaliaetus solitarius 119
harpyja, Harpia 154
harterti, Ficedula 304, 315
hasitata, Pterodroma 28
heinei, Tangara 201
Heliangelus amethysticollis 195, 230
Heliangelus exortis 216

— zusii 262
Heliodoxa jacula 189

— rubinoides 215

— schreibersui 229
helleri, Schizoeaca 235
Hellmayrea gularis 196
Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae 139, 142, 271
Hemispingus atropileus 221

— frontalis 200

— melanotis 200
Hemitriccus minimus 52, 71, 76
Henicorhina leucophrys 208, 240

— leucosticta 188
henner, Ficedula 301; 303, 309) 3.702316; 321
Herpsilochmus roraimae 125
Heteronetta atricapilla 293, 295, 297
Heteroscelus brevipes 320
Hieraaetus fasciatus 312, 320
himantopus, Calidris 287
hirsutus, Glaucis 204

Scientific Names Index

Hirundinea ferruginea 185
Hirundo rustica 76, 321
hirundo, Sterna 32
hollandicus, Nymphicus 140
holosericeus, Amblycercus 202, 203
holostictus, Thripadectes 196, 220
homochroa, Catamenia 203
hopkei, Carpodectes 290
hudsoni, Knipolegus 74
humeralis, Parkerthraustes 79
Hyloctistes subulatus 190
Hylophilus flavipes 191

— pectoralis 127

— sclateri 125

— semibrunneus 191
Hylophylax poecilinota 240

— poecilinotus 126
hyperrynchus, Notharchus 205
hyperthyrus, Odontophorus 222
hypoleuca, Grallaria 190, 205
hypoleucos, Actitis 320
hypoleucus, Capito 180, 189
hypopolius, Psittacus 137, 138, 270, 275
Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster 222
hypoxantha, Sporophila 79

ibis, Bubulcus 290, 320
Icterus icterus 125
— nigrogularis 127
icterus, Icterus 125
ignobilis, Turdus 240
immunda, Rhytipterna 49, 52, 74
imthurni, Macroagelaius 125
indica, Chalcophaps 138, 270, 320
indus, Haliastur 312, 320
Inezia caudata 126
insignis, Thamnophilus 126
interpres, Arenaria 287, 312, 320
lodopleura isabellae 76
Iridosornis porphyrocephala 222
— rufivertex 200
isabellae, lodopleura 76
Ixos affinis 104

Jacamerops aureus 155
jacula, Heliodoxa 189
jamaicensis, Buteo 115
jardinii, Glaucidium 220
jubata, Chenonetta 273

julie, Damophila 288
juninensis, Muscisaxicola 299

kienerii, Dendroplex 245

, Dendrornis 242, 243

, Xiphorhynchus 52, 243
kingi, Aglaiocercus 195, 216

340

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Klais guimeti 189
Knipolegus hudsoni 74
kollari, Synallaxis 123, 126
kuhli, Leucopternis 57

labradorides, Tangara 200
lacrymosus, Anisognathus 185, 207, 207
lactea, Amazilia 64
Lafresnaya lafresnayi 194
lafresnayi, Lafresnaya 194
lanceolata, Rhinocrypta 299
langsdorffi, Discosura 64, 65
Lanio versicolor 72
lanyoni, Phylloscartes 264
lapponica, Limosa 320
largipennis, Campylopterus 237
Larus argentatus 288
larvata, Tangara 218
lateralis, Cisticola 135
Laterallus 60

— melanophaius 60

— xenopterus 50, 60
lathamii, Loxia 146
Lathria subalaris 240

latinuchus, Atlapetes 192, 207, 255, 258, 259,

261, 261-264, 267
lepidus, Philetairus 146
Leipoa ocellata 272
Lepidothrix suavissima 125
Leptolophus 140
Leptopogon rufipectus 198, 217

— superciliaris 80, 188
Leptotila pallida 288
leucogaster, Haliaeetus 312, 320
leucogastra, Galbula 52, 66

—, Pachycephala 303, 311, 321
leucogenys, Conirostrum 192
leucomela, Columba 271
leucomelas, Turdus 327-329
leucophrys, Callonetta 297

—, Henicorhina 208, 240

—, Vireo 162, 163
leucopodus, Haematopus 226
leucopogon, Sylvia 108

—, Thryothorus 191
leucops, Platycichla 240

—, Turdus 199
leucoptera, Piranga 186
Leucopternis kuhli 57

— princeps 154, 188

— semiplumbea 158

leucopterus, Atlapetes 256—258, 264, 265, 267,

268
leucorrhous, Buteo 298
Leucosarcia melanoleuca 139, 271
— picata 139, 142

Scientific Names Index 341 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

leucosticta, Henicorhina 188 mahali, Plocepasser 146, 148
leucostictus, Dysithamnus 197 Manorina melanocephala 277
leucostigma, Percnostola 70 maracana, Primolius 61
leucotis, Entomodestes 78 margaritae, Conirostrum 50, 78
Lichenostomus melanops 277 Margarornis squamiger 196, 216
Lichmera squamata 303, 311, 321 mariquensis, Ploceus 146
Limnodromus griseus 287 Masius chrysopterus 198, 207, 239
Limosa fedoa 286 masteri, Vireo 161—166

— lapponica 320 maugei, Dicaeum 303, 311, 321
linearis, Geotrygon 188 —, Geopelia 312, 320
lineatum, Tigrisoma 228 maximiliani, Oryzoborus 232
lineola, Bolborhynchus 177 meadewaldoi, Haematopus 226, 226
Lipaugus fuscocinereus 198 Mecocerculus poecilocercus 197
Lochmias nematura 123, 240 Megapodius reinwardt 302, 303, 304, 320
Lonchura molucca 314, 321 Megascops albogularis 194, 215
longicauda, Bartramia 286 — guatemalae 121
longicaudus, Stercorarius 31, 32 melacoryphus, Coccyzus 229
longipennis, Myrmotherula 124 Melanerpes pulcher 205
longirostris, Caprimulgus 194 melanocephala, Gracula 277

—, Thapsinillas 104 —, Manorina 277
Lophaetus occipitalis 167 melanogenys, Adelomyia 204
Lopholaimus 137, 274 melanoleuca, Atticora 76
Lophorhynchus 137 —, Columba 138, 139
Lophornis delattrei 189 —., Leucosarcia 139, 271
Lophorynchus 137, 269, 274 —., Tringa 60
Lophostrix cristata 188 melanoleucos, Campephilus 289
Lophotriccus pileatus 191, 205, 240 —, Phalacrocorax 311, 320
Loriculus 97—107 melanophaius, Laterallus 60

— (aurantiifrons) tener 105 melanops, Lichenostomus 277

— amabilis 97, 98, 99, 106 —, Turdus 277

— aurantiifrons 106 melanotis, Hemispingus 200

— beryllinus 97, 105 melanotos, Calidris 30, 3/7, 60

— flosculus 97, 105, 106 —, Sarkidiornis 297

— pusillus 97, 105, 106 mellisugus, Chlorostilbon 67

— sclateri 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 104, 106 mellivora, Certhia 277

— stigmatus /00, 107, 103, 104, 106, 107 menetriesi1, Myrmotherula 72

— tener /0/, 105, 106 menstruus, Pionus 155

— vernalis 97, 105 mentalis, Dysithamnus 123, 156, 197
Loxia lathamii 146 Menura novaehollandiae 139, 140, 269, 272,
luctuosa, Sporophila 201 PTS 218
ludovicae, Doryfera 189, 204 — superba 139, 140, 142, 272, 278
lugens, Haplophaedia 230 mercenaria, Amazona 177
luteoviridis, Basileuterus 201, 218 meridanus, Scytalopus 182, 183
lyra, Uropsalis 189 meridionalis, Chaetura 63

—, Nestor 270

Machetornis rixosa 191 Merops chrysopterus 277
Macroagelaius imthurni 125 — garrulus 277

— subalaris 202, 203, 207 — ornatus 313, 321
macrodactylus, Bucco 67 Mesembrinibis cayennensis 158
macroptera, Pterodroma 28 metallica, Aplonis 314, 321
Macropygia 321-326 Metallura tyrianthina 216

— amboinensis 323, 324 mexicanum, Tigrisoma 285

— magna 303, 305, 320 Micrastur ruficollis 188

— phasianella 322, 324 — semitorquatus 285

— tenuirostris 324, 325 Microbates cinereiventris 205

magna, Macropygia 303, 305, 320 micropterus, Scytalopus 183

Scientific Names Index 342 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

Microrhopias quixensis 205 Myiophobus flavicans 221
microrhynchum, Ramphomicron 195 — pulcher 183, 184, 185
militaris, Sturnella 232 — roraimae 126
milleri, Xenops 72 Myiornis atricapillus 157
Mimus gilvus 289 Myiotheretes fumigatus 198, 218
miniatus, Myioborus 42, 80 — striaticollis 198
minimus, Hemitriccus 52, 71, 76 Myiotriccus ornatus 198
minlosi, Xenerpestes 289 Myiozetetes similis 240
minor, Chordeiles 62 Myrmornis torquata 156
—, Coccyzus 229 Myrmotherula axillaris 72
—., Fregata 311, 320 — behni 124, 125
—, Furnarius 52 — brachyura 181
minutilla, Calidris 60 — haematonota 72
minutillus, Chrysococcyx 303, 307, 308, 320 — longipennis 124
minutus, Xenops 72, 124, 126 — menetriesii 72
Mionectes oleagineus 188, 197 — schisticolor 190
— olivaceus 198, 238 mystaceus, Platyrinchus 191, 205
— striaticollis 197
molucca, Lonchura 314, 321 nana, Grallaricula 126, 181, 182, 207, 208, 220
moluccanus, Psittacus 137, 274 Nannopsittaca dachilleae 61
moluccensis, Falco 312, 320 — panychlora 121
Monarcha cinerascens 314, 321 napensis, Stigmatura 52
— mundus 314, 321 nationi, Atlapetes 256, 258
— trivirgatus 303, 309, 310, 321 nebularia, Tringa 320
Monasa morphoeus 157 neglectus, Esacus 303, 305, 320
montagnii, Penelope 193 nematura, Lochmias 123, 240
montana, Agriornis 74 Nestor meridionalis 270
—., Buthraupis 235 — productus 270
montivagus, Aeronautes 179 Netta peposaca 297
Morphnus guianensis 155 nicefori, Thryothorus 199, 200, 207
morphoeus, Monasa 157 niger, Bubalornis 146, 147
Motus serrator 30 —, Rynchops 288
moschata, Cairina 297 nigrescens, Caprimulgus 122, 236
mosquitus, Chrysolampis 49, 58, 63 nigricans, Pardirallus 59
Motacilla cinerea 321 nigricollis, Anthracothorax 64
mulsant, Chaetocercus 195 nigrirostris, Andigena 195, 222
multicolor, Psittacus 137, 270, 274 —., Cyclarhis 199
mundus, Monarcha 314, 321 nigriventris, Eupherusa 158
murina, Notiochelidon 199 nigrocapillus, Phyllomyias 220
—, Phaeomyias 126 nigrocristatus, Basileuterus 202
murinus, Thamnophilus 69 nigrogularis, Icterus 127
Muscicapa auricomis 277 Ninox 314
— crepitans 277 — novaeseelandiae 304, 315
Muscigralla brevicauda 289 norfolciensis, Columba 138, 270, 271, 278
Muscisaxicola albilora 299 —, Gallicolumba 142
— juninensis 299 Notharchus hyperrynchus 205
Myiagra alecto 304 — ordi 52, 66
— ruficollis 314, 321 — tectus 156
Myiarchus 184 Nothoprocta cinerascens 296
~ cephalotes 221 — curvirostris 228
tyrannulus 126 — taczanowskii 235
Myiobius 184 Notiochelidon cyanoleuca 240
atricaudus 72, 191 — murina 199
barbatus 49, 72 novaehollandiae, Accipiter 320
Myioborus miniatus 42, 80 —, Astur 319

Myiodynastes chrysocephalus 198, 240 —., Coracina 321

Scientific Names Index

—, Menura 139, 140, 269, 272, 273, 278
novaeseelandiae, Hemiphaga 139, 142, 271
—, Ninox 304, 315
nuchalis, Grallaria 220
Numentus phaeopus 320
Nyctibius grandis 179
Nycticorax caledonicus 312, 320
— nycticorax 229, 285
nycticorax, Nycticorax 229, 285
Nymphicus 140
— hollandicus 140
Nystalus striolatus 67

obrieni, Celeus 249-252, 249
obscura, Tiaris 186, 201
obsoletus, Turdus 191
occidentalis, Dysithamnus 197, 217, 222
occipitalis, Lophaetus 167

—, Podiceps 293, 295, 297
ocellata, Leipoa 272
ocellatus, Dendrocolaptes 243

—, Pedionomus 272

—, Xiphorhynchus 49, 58, 67, 68, 243, 245
Ochthoeca diadema 198, 221
ocularis, Ploceus 146, 149
Odontophorus hyperthyrus 222

— strophium 193, 203, 207
oleagineus, Mionectes 188, 197
olivacea, Psilopus 277
olivaceum, Oncostoma 205
olivaceus, Corvus 277

—, Mionectes 198, 238

—, Psilopus 141, 142, 277

—, Psophodes 277

—, Rhynchocyclus 72

—, Vireo 162
olivascens, Cinnycerthia 199, 207, 221
Oncostoma olivaceum 205

ophthalmicus, Chlorospingus 34-48, 36—40, 43,

192, 205, 208
optatus, Cuculus 137
ordi, Notharchus 52, 66
Oreothraupis arremonops 219, 222
orientalis, Eurystomus 321
Oriolus picus 242, 243, 244, 244
— sagittatus 277
ornatus, Merops 313, 321
—, Myiotriccus 198
Ornithion brunneicapillus 205
Ortalis erythroptera 290
— guttata 187, 240
orthonyx, Acropternis 220
Ortygospiza 4-26
— atricollis 5—26, 14, 17
— fuscocrissa 5, 15, 21
— gabonensis 5—7, 9-11, 13, 15, 16, 19, 21

343

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

— polyzona 5, 6

Oryzoborus angolensis 232, 240
— crassirostris 231
— maximiliani 232

Otus 314

Oxyura dominica 297

Pachycephala leucogastra 303, 311, 321
— pectoralis 303, 304, 309, 310, 321
Pachyramphus castaneus 246
— rufus 246
— versicolor 199
palliatus, Haematopus 286
pallida, Leptotila 288
pallidiceps, Atlapetes 258, 263
palmarum, Thraupis 158
Paludipasser 5
Pandion haliaetus 312, 320
panychlora, Nannopsittaca 121
Paraserianthes falcataria 306
pardalotus, Xiphorhynchus 126
Pardirallus nigricans 59
parkeri, Cercomacra 190, 262
Parkerthraustes humeralis 79
parva, Conopias 52
parvirostris, Elaenia 71
parzudakii, Tangara 200
Patagioenas plumbea 188
— speciosa 177
— subvinacea 188
pectoralis, Hylophilus 127
—, Pachycephala 303, 304, 309, 310, 321
Pedionomus 141, 269, 272, 278
— ocellatus 272
pelagica, Chaetura 49, 63
pelzelni, Elaenia 50, 70, 73
Penelope argyrotis 193
— montagnii 193
penicillata, Eucometis 188
peposaca, Netta 297
Percnostola leucostigma 70
peronii, Zoothera 303, 308, 309, 321
personatus, Ploceus 146, 149
—, Trogon 194, 220
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota 76
Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus 327-329
phaeocephalus, Cyphorhinus 205
Phaeomyias murina 126
phaeopus, Numenius 320
phaeopygia, Pterodroma 28
Phaethornis guy 179, 188
— superciliosus 67
— syrmatophorus 179, 207, 208
— yaruqui 290
Phalacrocorax melanoleucos 311, 320
— sulcirostris 311, 320

Scientific Names Index 344 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

phasianella, Columba 321, 322, 323, 324, 325 Plegadis chihi 297

—, Macropygia 322, 324 Plocepasser mahali 146, 148
Philetairus lepidus 146 Ploceus aureoflavus 146

— socius 146 — capensis 146
Philydor erythrocercum 72 — cucullatus 146

— erythropterus 72 — dubius 146

— fuscipenne 205 — mariquensis 146
phoenicius, Entomodestes 78 — ocularis 146, 149
Phoenicopterus chilensis 285 — personatus 146, 149

— ruber 285 — stictonotus 146
phoenicurus, Amaurornis 305, 320 — spilonotus 146
Phrygilus alaudinus 232 — subaureus 146, 149
Phyllomyias cinereiceps 197 — tahatali 146

— griseiceps 191 — velatus 146, 149

— nigrocapillus 220 plumbea, Columba 322

— sclateri 80 —., Patagioenas 188
Phylloscartes chapmani 124, 125 Pluvialis dominica 286

— lanyoni 264 — fulva 320

— ventralis 80 Plyctolophus productus 137, 138
picata, Columba 138, 139, 271 Podiceps occipitalis 293, 295, 297

—, Gracula 277 podiceps, Podilymbus 297

—, Leucosarcia 139, 142 Podilymbus podiceps 297
picoides, Gracula 244 poecilinota, Hylophylax 240
Piculus rubiginosus 195, 288 poecilinotus, Hylophylax 126
Picumnus cirratus 122 poecilocercus, Mecocerculus 197

— exilis 122 Poecilotriccus albifacies 49, 58, 71, 72

— spilogaster 122 — sylvia 205
Picus 242 Poephila 20

— castaneus 330 — acuticauda 18
picus, Dendroplex 245 poliocerca, Eupherusa 45

—, Oriolus 242, 243, 244, 244 Polytmus guainumbi 65

—, Xiphorhynchus 126, 243, 244 — theresiae 49, 63, 65
pileatus, Lophotriccus 191, 205, 240 polyzona, Fringilla 6
Pionus chalcopterus 188 —, Ortygospiza 5, 6

— menstruus 155 popelairii, Discosura 49, 64

— tumultuosus 188, 220 porphyrocephala, Iridosornis 222
piperivorus, Ramphastos 247, 248 postocularis, Chlorospingus 43, 44

—, Selenidera 247 prasinus, Aulacorhynchus 42, 190, 222
Pipra cornuta 125 Premnoplex brunnescens 188, 196, 205, 237
Pipreola arcuata 217 Premnornis guttuligera 196, 205

— riefferii 205 Primolius auricollis 61

— whitelyi 126 — couloni 60
Piranga flava 201 — maracana 61

— leucoptera 186 princeps, Leucopternis 154, 188

— rubriceps 218 Procnias tricarunculatus 159
piscivorus, Ramphastos 248 productus, Nestor 270
Pitangus sulphuratus 240 —, Plyctolophus 137, 138
Pithys albifrons 126 Progne tapera 76, 289
Pitta elegans 303, 304, 308, 321 propinqua, Synallaxis 73
Pittasoma rufopileatum 290 Protonotaria citrea 289
placida, Geopelia 139, 271 prunellei, Coeligena 194
Platycercus cooki 137, 138 Psarocolius angustifrons 202, 240

— cookii 275 — bifasciatus 81
Platycichla flavipes 124 — decumanus 81

leucops 240 — viridis 50, 81

Platyrinchus mystaceus 191, 205 Pseudoscops clamator 194

Scientific Names Index

Pseudotriccus ruficeps 197, 218
Psilopus albogularis 141, 277, 278

— olivacea 277

— olivaceus 141, 142, 277
Psittacus hypopolius 137, 138, 270, 275

— moluccanus 137, 274

— multicolor 137, 270, 274
Psophodes olivaceus 277
Pterodroma 28, 29

— baraui 28, 29

— cahow 28

— cervicalis 27, 29, 29

— externa 27—29, 29

— hasitata 28

— macroptera 28

— phaeopygia 28

— sandwichensis 28
Pteroglossus torquatus 157
Ptilinopus cinctus 303, 306, 320

— regina 303, 306, 320
Puffinus gravis 28
pulcher, Melanerpes 205

—, Myiophobus 183, 184, 185
pulcra, Gypopsitta 290
purpurata, Querula 75, 157
pusillus, Campylorhamphus 156, 196, 205

—., Chordeiles 62

—, Loriculus 97, 105, 106
Pygochelidon cyanoleuca 76, 199
Pyrenestes frontalis 146
pyrohypogaster, Hypopyrrhus 222
pyrrhonota, Petrochelidon 76
Pyrrhura egregia 121

Quelea quelea 146

quelea, Quelea 146

Querula purpurata 75, 157
quinticolor, Capito 290
quixensis, Microrhopias 205

Rallina tricolor 304, 320
Ramphastos ambiguus 179, 180

— piperivorus 247, 248

— piscivorus. 248
Ramphocelus carbo 240

— dimidiatus 205

— flammigerus 290
Ramphomicron microrhynchum 195
Ramphotrigon 75

— fuscicauda 75
regina, Ptilinopus 303, 306, 320
reinwardii, Columba 322
reinwardt, Megapodius 302, 303, 304, 320
reticulata, Eos 303, 306, 320
Rhinocrypta lanceolata 299
Rhipidura rufifrons 309, 321

345

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

— rufiventris 309, 321
rhodogastra. Sylvia 108
Rhynchocyclus olivaceus 72
Rhytipterna immunda 49, 52, 74
riefferii, Chlorornis 192

—, Pipreola 205
Riparia riparia 76
riparia, Riparia 76
rixosa, Machetornis 191
rodriguezi, Scytalopus 182, 183
rolland, Rollandia 297
Rollandia rolland 297
roraimae, Automolus 125

—, Herpsilochmus 125

—, Myiophobus 126
Roraimia adusta 126
rosacea, Ducula 303, 306, 320
roseogrisea, Streptopelia 177
ruber, Loriculus sclateri 98, 102, 106

—, Phoenicopterus 285
rubica, Habia 72
rubiginosus, Automolus 190

—, Piculus 195, 288
rubinoides, Heliodoxa 215
rubriceps, Piranga 218
rubrirostris, Cnemoscopus 221
ruckeri, Threnetes 204
rufalbus, Thryothorus 200
ruficapilla, Cisticola 132
ruficauda, Galbula 122
ruficeps, Pseudotriccus 197, 218
ruficervix, Tangara 200
ruficollis, Micrastur 188

—, Myiagra 314, 321

—, Sporophila 79
rufifrons, Basileuterus 45

—, Rhipidura 309, 321
rufigenis, Atlapetes 256
rufigula, Dendrexetastes 67
rufinucha, Atlapetes 264
rufipectus, Leptopogon 198, 217
rufiventris, Rhipidura 309, 321
rufivertex, [ridosornis 200
rufopileata, Cisticola 129
rufopileatum, Pittasoma 290
rufula, Grallaria 217
rufus, Caprimulgus 155

—, Pachyramphus 246

—, Tachyphonus 157
rustica, Haplospiza 201, 219

—, Hirundo 76, 321
rutila, Streptoprocne 220
rutilans, Xenops 80, 196
Rynchops niger 288

Scientific Names Index 346 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

sacra, Egretta 320 spilonotus, Ploceus 146
sagittata, Coracias 277 spiza, Chlorophanes 121
sagittatus, Oriolus 277 Sporophila 79
Sakesphorus canadensis 126 — bouvronides 79
Saltator atripennis 192, 207 — collaris 79

— coerulescens 127 — hypoxantha 79
sandwichensis, Pterodroma 28 — luctuosa 201
Sarkidiornis melanotos 297 — ruficollis 79
saturatus, Cuculus 137, 274, 275, 320 Sporopipes squamifrons 146, 147
schistaceus, Atlapetes 208, 255-258, 259, 261, squamata, Lichmera 303, 311, 321

261-265, 267, 268 squamatus, Capito 290

—, Thamnophilus 69, 70 squamifrons, Amadina 146
Schistes geoffroyi 195 —, Estrelda 146, 147
schisticolor, Myrmotherula 190 —, Sporopipes 146, 147
Schizoeaca fuliginosa 196, 207 squamiger, Margarornis 196, 216

— helleri 235 squamigera, Grallaria 230
schreibersii, Heliodoxa 229 Steatornis caripensis 298
sclateri, Forpus 61 Stercorarius anaethetus 31

—, Hylophilus 125 — longicaudus 31, 32

—, Loriculus 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 106 Sterna bengalensis 32

—, Phyllomyias 80 — fuscata 31, 32
Scytalopus 182 — hirundo 32

— atratus 182 stictonotus, Ploceus 146

— femoralis 183 Stigmatura napensis 52

— griseicollis 197, 207 stigmatus, Loriculus /00, 101, 103, 106

— meridanus 182, 183 stilesi, Scytalopus 183

— micropterus 183 Streptopelia roseogrisea 177

— rodriguezi 182, 183 Streptoprocne rutila 220

— spillmanni 183 — zonaris 62

— stilesi 183 striata, Butorides 311, 320

— vicinior 182, 183 —, Dendroica 157
seebhomi, Atlapetes 256, 258 striaticollis, Anabacerthia 205
Selenidera culik 247, 248 —, Mionectes 197

— piperivorus 247 —, Myiotheretes 198
semibrunneus, Hylophilus 191 —, Siptornis 240
semiflava, Geothlypis 158 striatus, Cuculus 137, 270, 274
semifuscus, Chlorospingus 222 striolatus, Nystalus 67
semiplumbea, Leucopternis 158 strophium, Odontophorus 193, 203, 207
semitorquatus, Micrastur 285 Sturnella bellicosa 290
Sericossypha albocristata 185, 221 — militaris 232
serrator, Morus 30 stygius, Asio 194
similis, Myiozetetes 240 suavissima, Lepidothrix 125
Siptornis striaticollis 240 subalaris, Lathria 240
Sittasomus griseicapillus 80, 123, 205 —, Macroagelaius 202, 203, 207
socius, Philetairus 146 —, Syndactyla 205
solala, Caprimulgus 262 subalpina, Sylvia 107
solitarius, Harpyhaliaetus 119 subaureus, Ploceus 146, 149
sororcula, Tyto 313 subcristata, Aviceda 320
spadicea, Columba 139 subruficollis, Tryngites 287
spadiceus, Attila 75, 239 subtilis, Buteogallus (anthracinus) 110-117, 7/2
speciosa, Patagioenas 177 —, Urubitinga 110
speciosum, Conirostrum 78 subulatus, Hyloctistes 190
spectabilis, Celeus 249, 251 subvinacea, Patagioenas 188

, Elaenia 71 Sula sula 320

spillmanni, Scytalopus 183 sula, Sula 320

spilogaster, Picumnus 122 sulcirostris, Phalacrocorax 311, 320

Scientific Names Index

sulphuratus, Pitangus 240
superba, Menura 139, 140, 142, 272, 278
superciliaris, Leptopogon 80, 188
superciliosus, Phaethornis 67
Sylvia cantillans 107-110

— leucopogon 108

— rhodogastra 108

— subalpina 107

— turdella 108

— versicolora 137, 270, 275
sylvia, Poecilotriccus 205
Synallaxis cherriei 49, 58, 68

— cinnamomea 205

== kollan 123, 126

— propinqua 73

— unirufa 196, 207
Syndactyla subalaris 205
Synthliboramphus antiquus 225
syrmatophorus, Phaethornis 179, 207, 208

Tringa melanoleuca 60
Tachybaptus dominicus 297
Tachycineta albiventer 76
Tachyphonus phoenicius 78

— rufus 157
taczanowskii, Nothoprocta 235
taha, Euplectes 146
tahatali, Ploceus 146
Tangara arthus 80

— cyanicollis 240

— cyanotis 80

— gyrola 192

— heinei 201

— labradorides 200

— larvata 218

— parzudakii 200

— ruficervix 200

— vitriolina 192

— xanthocephala 200

— xanthogastra 240
tapera, Progne 76, 289
tataupa, Crypturellus 296
tectus, Notharchus 156
tener, Loriculus /0/, 105, 106

—, Loriculus (aurantiifrons) 105
tenuepenctatus, Thamnophilus 238
tenuirostris, Calidris 320

—, Cuculus 137, 270, 274

—, Macropygia 324, 325

—, Xenops 72
Terenotriccus erythrurus 205
Terenura callinota 181
Tersina viridis 240
Textor erythrorhynchus 146
thalassinus, Colibri 204, 220
Thamnomanes 197

347

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

— caesius 72
Thamnophilus aethiops 217

— insignis 126

— murinus 69

— schistaceus 69, 70

— tenuepenctatus 238

— unicolor 197, 220
Thapsinillas affinis 104

— longirostris 104
theresiae, Polytmus 49, 63, 65
thoracicus, Cyphorhinus 221
Thraupis abbas 158

— episcopus 240

— palmarum 158
Threnetes ruckeri 204
Thripadectes flammulatus 196

— holostictus 196, 220

— virgaticeps 196, 220
Thryothorus leucopogon 191

— nicefori 199, 200, 207

— rufalbus 200
thula, Egretta 229
Tiaris fuliginosus 186

— obscura 186, 201
Tigrisoma 228

— fasciatum 228

— lineatum 228

— mexicanum 285

Todiramphus australasia 303, 304, 308, 321

Todirostrum cinereum 240
Tolmomyias assimilis 72, 156

— flaviventris 127
torquata, Coeligena 194

—, Myrmornis 156
torquatus, Buarremon 186

—, Pteroglossus 157

—, Urospizias 319
torridus, Attila 290
tranquilla, Geopelia 139, 142, 271
triangularis, Xiphorhynchus 68, 80
tricarunculatus, Procnias 159
trichas, Geothlypis 158
Trichoglossus euteles 303, 306, 307, 320
tricolor, Erythrura 314, 321

—., Rallina 304, 320
Tringa flavipes 60

— nebularia 320
tristriatus, Basileuterus 208
trivirgatus, Monarcha 303, 309, 310, 321
Troglodytes troglodytes 108
troglodytes, Troglodytes 108-110
Trogon collaris 194

— personatus 194, 220
Tryngites subruficollis 287
tumultuosus, Pionus 188, 220
turdella, Sylvia 108

Scientific Names Index

turdina, Chamaeza 181, 217

—, Grallaricula 182
Turdus ignobilis 240

— leucops 199

— melanops 277

— obsoletus 191
Turdusleucomelas 327-329
Turnicigralla 272
tyrannina, Cercomacra 190

—, Dendrocincla 196, 233, 234
tyrannulus, Myiarchus 126
Tyrannus tyrannus 231, 289
tyrannus, Tyrannus 231, 289
tyrianthina, Metallura 216
Tyto 315, 320

— alba 313

— sororcula 313

unicolor, Thamnophilus 197

—, Thripadectes 220
unirufa, Synallaxis 196, 207
Uropsalis lyra 189
uropygialis, Cacicus 202
Urospizias torquatus 319
Urubitinga subtilis 110
urubitinga, Buteogallus 110, 120
ustulatus, Catharus 77

variolosus, Cacomantis 304, 312, 320
velatus, Ploceus 146, 149
Veniliornis chocoensis 290
— dignus 180
ventralis, Phylloscartes 80
veraguensis, Geotrygon 155
vernalis, Loriculus 97, 105
verreauxil, Aquila 167—168
versicolor, Lanio 72
—, Pachyramphus 199
versicolora, Sylvia 137, 270, 275
verticalis, Creurgops 218
vicinior, Scytalopus 182, 183
Vidua 20, 146
— axillaris 146, 150
viduata, Dendrocygna 297
Vireo leucophrys 162, 163
— masteri 161—166
— olivaceus 162
virgata, Aphriza 287
—., Ciccaba 220
virgaticeps, Thripadectes 196, 220
viridipennis, Chaetura 63
viridis, Anurolimnas 59
, Gracula 277
, Psarocolius 50, 81
, Tersina 240
vitiensis, Clytorhynchus 136

348

Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(4)

—, Columba 303, 305, 320
vitriolina, Tangara 192
vulpecula, Cranioleuca 50, 69, 73

westermanni, Ficedula 304
wetmorei, Chlorospingus 43, 45

whitelyi, Caprimulgus 118, 121, /2/, 122

—, Pipreola 126
wolfi, Aramides 290
wyatti, Asthenes 235

xanthocephala, Tangara 200

xanthogaster, Euphonia 204

xanthogastra, Carduelis 203
—, Tangara 240

Xanthomyza 140, 269, 273, 275, 276, 278

Xenerpestes minlosi 289
Xenopipo atronitens 52, 75
Xenops milleri 72

— minutus 72, 124, 126

— rutilans 80, 196

— tenuirostris 72
xenopterus, Laterallus 50, 60
Xiphorhynchus 242, 245

— chunchotambo 51, 67, 68

— kienerii 52, 243

— ocellatus 49, 58, 67, 68, 243, 245

— pardalotus 126

— picus 126, 243, 244

— triangularis 68, 80

yaruqui, Phaethornis 290
ynceas, Cyanocorax 202, 203

Zanthomiza 140, 142, 273, 275, 276
zonaris, Streptoprocne 62
Zonotrichia capensis 125
Zoothera peronii 303, 308, 309, 321
Zosterops citrinella 309

— citrinellus 307, 310, 321
zusil, Heliangelus 262

BOC Office
P.O. Box 417, Peterborough PE7 3FX, UK
E-mail: boc.office@bou.org.uk. Website: www.boc-online.org
Tel. & Fax: +44 (0) 1 733 844 820.

MEMBERSHIP

Subscription rates for 2008 will be due for renewal from | January 2008.

Please note that a single subscription rate of £20 applies from 1 January 2008 regardless of whether
the subscriber is a member of the BOU or not. The US$ alternative is no longer available.

All paid-up members receive (postage free) four issues of the Bulletin (including index).

Membership correspondence and applications for membership, changes of address and all other member-
ship related items should be addressed to the BOC Office (above). No registered items should be sent to the
PO Box. Contact BOC Office for direct mail of such items. For general Club correspondence see below.

INSTITUTIONAL SUBSCRIBERS & APPLICATIONS FOR BACK NUMBERS
OR OTHER CLUB PUBLICATIONS

The Bulletin, together with annual index, may be purchased (postage free) by Institutional Subscribers, on
payment of an annual subscription of £40 to the BOC Office (above) or via the BOC website (www.boc-
online.org). Please note that the US$ option is no longer available. Back issues of the Bulletin are available
from the BOC Office (above). BOC Occasional Publications and other BOC publications are available from
the BOC Office or online from the BOC website (www.boc-online.org).

Ideas for future publications and policy should be referred direct to the BOC: Prof. R. A. Cheke, Hon.
Publications Officer BOC, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central
Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB (e-mail: r.a.cheke@greenwich.ac.uk).

PAYMENTS

All amounts quoted are net, should be paid in £ Sterling and sent to the BOC Office (above). Other curren-
cies are not accepted. Other currency users can pay by credit card from which the Sterling amount will be
deducted and the amount in your local currency will be indicated on your card statement. All cheques or
drafts should be made payable to British Ornithologists’ Club. Direct bank transfers can be made to
Barclays Bank, Wavertree Boulevard, Liverpool L7 9PQ. Sort Code: 20-00-87. Account no: 10211540, with
confirmation to the BOC Office (above).

CLUB CORRESPONDENCE

Correspondence on all general Club matters should be addressed to: The Hon. Secretary, S.A.H. (Tony)
Statham, Ashlyns Lodge, Chesham Road, Berkhamsted, Herts. HP4 2ST, UK. E-mail:
boc.sec@bou.org.uk. See inside front cover for details of Club meetings.

COMMITTEE
Cdr. M. B. Casement OBE RN (Chairman 2005) J. P. Hume (2004)
Miss H. Baker (Vice-Chairman) (2005) Dr J. H. Cooper (2005)
S. A. H. Statham (Hon. Secretary) (2004) P. J. Wilkinson (2005)
D. J. Montier (Hon. Treasurer) (1997) D. J. Fisher (2007)

Dr R. P. Prys-Jones (2007)

Ex-officio members

Hon. Editor: G. M. Kirwan (1 January 2004)

Chairman of BOU/BOC Joint Publications Committee (JPC): Revd. T. W. Gladwin
Chairman of Bulletin Subcommittee (BSC): Dr N. J. Collar (2007)

Hon. Website Manager: S. P. Dudley (2005)

BOC Publications Officer: Prof. R. A. Cheke (2001)

Registered Charity No. 279583

Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club
‘ ISSN 0007-1595 ate
Edited by Guy M. Kirwan

Volume 127, Number 4, pages 253-348

CONTENTS
Club Announcements... is ie Shoe Poe te ces haan bee ae ae eee en 253
DONEGAN, T. M. A new species of brush finch (Emberizidae: Atlapetes) from the northern Central
Andes of Colombta 2 562000. a ce oe ce ee ee ee 209
SCHODDE, R., BOCK, W. J. & STEINHEIMER, F. Stabilising the nomenclature of Australasian
birds by invalidation and suppression of disused and dubious senior names ............... 268

RUIZ-GUERRA, C., JOHNSTON-GONZALEZ, R., CIFUENTES-SARMIENTO, Y., ESTELA,
F. A., CASTILLO, L. F., HERNANDEZ, C. E. & NARANJO, L. G. Noteworthy bird Bric

from the southern Choco of Colombia ..........,.......4 is ss 283
TOBIAS, J. A. & SEDDON, N. Ornithological notes from southern Bolivia .................. 293
TRAINOR, C. R. Birds of Damar Island, Banda Sea, Indonesia ...............55..::8, 300
GREGORY, S. M. S., DICKINSON, E. C. & VOISIN, C. The genus Macropygia Swainson, 1837,

and its type SPECiES .. . bck eli ets a a2
CRAVINO, J. & CLARAMUNT, S. First records of Red-eyed Thornbird Phacellodomus

erythrophthalmus ferrugineigula and Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas for Uruguay .. Bea
index for Volume 127 O00]):... 22. ee ee 330

EDITORIAL BOARD

Murray Bruce, R. T. Chesser, Edward C. Dickinson, Frangoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Steven M. S. Gregory, José
Fernando Pacheco, Robert B. Payne, Pamela C. Rasmussen, Cees Roselaar, Thomas S. Schulenberg, Lars
Svensson.

Authors are invited to submit papers on topics relating to the broad themes of taxonomy and distribution of
birds. Descriptions of new species of birds are especially welcome and will be given priority to ensure rapid
publication, subject to successful passage through the normal peer review procedure, and wherever possible
should be accompanied by colour photographs or paintings. On submission, manuscripts, double-spaced and
with wide margins, should be sent to the Editor, Guy Kirwan, preferably by e-mail, to GMKirwan@aol.com.
Alternatively, two copies of manuscripts, typed on one side of the paper, may be submitted to the Editor, 74
Waddington Street, Norwich NR2 4JS, UK. Where appropriate half-tone photographs may be included and,
where essential to illustrate important points, the Editor will consider the inclusion of colour figures (if pos-
sible, authors should obtain funding to support the inclusion of such colour illustrations). As far as possible,
review, return of manuscripts for revision and subsequent stages of the publication process will be undertak-
en electronically. For instructions on style, see the inside rear cover of Bulletin 127 (1) or the BOC website
www.boc-online.org

©British Ornithologists’ Club 2007

Printed on acid-free paper.
Published by the British Ornithologists’ Club
Typeset by Alcedo Publishing of Arizona, USA, and printed by Latimer Trend, UK