Bulletin of the
British Museum (Natural History)

A taxonomic revision of Alabagrus
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Michael J. Sharkey

Entomology series
Vol 57 No2 29 September 1988

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World List abbreviation: Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.)

© British Museum (Natural History), 1988

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ISBN 0 565 06034 1
ISSN 0524-6431 Entomology series
Vol 57 No 2 pp 311—437
British Museum (Natural History)
Cromwell Road
London SW7 5BD Issued 29 September 1988

A taxonomic revision of Alabagrus (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae)

Michael J. Sharkey
Biosystematics Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada K1A OC6

Contents
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Synopsis

Alabagrus Enderlein, a genus of New World, primarily Neotropical Agathidinae, is revised and redefined
to include Astriria Enderlein, Craspedobothrus Enderlein and Liyptia Enderlein which are newly
synonymised. Of the 104 included species, 78 are newly described and 24 are new combinations. An
illustrated key to species and a description and mapped distribution for each species are given. Cladistic
relationships are proposed at species level and the phylogenetic placement of Alabagrus in the Agathidinae
is discussed.

Introduction and historical review

Species of Alabagrus are rather large agathidine braconids that are restricted to the warm
temperate and tropical regions of the New World. They are internal parasitoids of larvae of
Lepidoptera that live in concealed habitats such as plant stems and rolled leaves. At least seven
species of Alabagrus are of direct importance in the natural control of lepidopterous pests.
Historically, the most noteworthy of these is Alabagrus stigma (Brullé) which attacks the sugar
cane and rice borer Diatraea saccharalis (F.). The purpose of this revision is to delimit and
describe the species of this large genus, to place them into a phylogenetic perspective and to
provide a key to their identification.

Alabagrus was erected by Enderlein (1920) for several species of Neotropical agathidines of
which the type-species Alabagrus citreistigma is a junior synonym of Alabagrus stigma (Brullé).
My concept of Alabagrus is broader than Enderlein’s and includes three other genera that he
(1920) erected, viz. Astiria syn. n., Craspedobothrus syn. n. and Liyptia syn. n. Justification for
these synonyms is presented in the section on phylogeny. Before Enderlein’s (1920) work on
agathidine genera, and even after (see Muesebeck, 1927), authors described species of
Alabagrus under Microdus and Bassus and in one case under Cremnops. Without explanation or
justification, Muesebeck & Walkley (1951) synonomized Alabagrus under Agathis and
Shenefelt (1970) adopted this system in his catalogue of world Agathidinae. Astiria and
Craspedobothrus were accepted as discrete genera by Shenefelt (1970) though no one has added
species to these genera since they were erected.

Alabagrus species have been relatively well collected because of their large size and beautiful
colour patterns, moreover they are easily collected with Malaise traps. This revision includes 104
species, of which 26 were previously described and 78 are new to science. Despite attempts to

Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 57 (2): 311-437 Issued 29 September 1988

B12 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

amalgamate all available material, this number may represent only 80-90% of the total number
of species. When this work was nearly completed I visited most of Europe’s major entomological
museums to examine types anc collections of miscellaneous Agathidinae; I was encouraged to
find very few species that were not included in my revision. This leads me to believe that most or
all of the widespread, common species of Alabagrus are included in this work.

Material and methods

Specimens examined
Approximately 12,000 specimens of Alabagrus were examined; most were borrowed from the 22
institutions listed in the next section.

Previously named species that are included in my concept of Alabagrus were usually described in Bassus
and Microdus by earlier authors. However, their descriptions are generally so vague that it was difficult to
be sure to what genus they belong. For this reason I examined almost all of the Neotropical Agathidinae
types. Shenefelt’s (1970) catalogue of the Agathidinae was an invaluable aid in this endeavor.

All species distributions are mapped from data of specimens that I examined. Localities are plotted for
all species but, to conserve space, I list exact locality data only for the newly described species. For
previously described species I include a list of museums and institutions where specimens that I have
determined are deposited. The distributional data are listed alphabetically by country, province and
finally, nearest city. Details not included on the specimen label are placed in square brackets.

The etymology of the new species names is not provided; most of the names are derived from native
languages of Central and South America although there are also some patronyms.

Abbreviations of depositories
The abbreviations used here are taken from Heppner & Lamas (1982).

Argentina: IML; Fundacion e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, San Miguel de
Tucuman.
Austria: NHMV; Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.
Canada: CNC; Canadian National Collection, Biosystematics Research Centre, Agriculture Canada,
Ottawa, Ontario.
East Germany: ZMHB; Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt Universitat, Berlin.
England: BMNH; British Museum (Natural History), London.
Hungary: TMB; Természettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest.
Netherlands: RNHL; Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden.
Trinidad: CIBC; Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Curepe.
United States of America:
AEI; American Entomological Institute; Townes’ Collection, Gainesville, Florida.
AMNH; American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York.
ANSP; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
CU; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
FSCA; Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer
Services, Gainesville, Florida.
MSUE;; Michigan State University Collection, East Lansing, Michigan.
SMEK; Snow Museum of Entomology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
SC; Collection of Dr R. Shenefelt (now amalgamated with AEI, Gainesville, Florida).
TAMU; Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
USNM;; United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
UCB; Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, California.
UGA; University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
Venezuela: UCV; Instituto de Zoologia Agricola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay.
West Germany: LFAZ; Lehrstuhl fir Angewandte Zoologie, Maximilians Universitat, Munich.
ZSBS; Zoologische Sammlungen des Bayerischen Staates, Munich.

Collection and preservation
Members of Alabagrus are best collected with Malaise traps. My own experience in Ecuador and
Guatemala indicates that they are usually too wary and quick to be swept with great success, although this
method is good for smaller species.

If specimens are collected into alcohol, which is usual for Malaise traps, care must be taken when they

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 313

are prepared for mounting. If they are air-dried directly from alcohol, setae often adhere to the cuticle,
obscuring many morphological structures. Air-drying also causes the soft tissues of the abdominal sternum
to collapse and interesting characters are thereby lost. Critical-point drying avoids these problems and
usually produces high-quality specimens, but this method is expensive and rather time consuming for large
specimens. A simple method that achieves better or equal results is to immerse the specimens in 95%
ETOH and 100% ETOH each for 24 hours, then in chloroform for two hours, after which time they are
air-dried. This procedure stops the shrinking of soft membranes and all pilosity stands erect, away from the
body. If sets of small cages or perforated polyester bags are used, the method is very rapid and great
quantities of braconids may be processed in one run.

Others (e.g. Vockeroth 1966) have used xylene or amy] acetate instead of chloroform but the results are
not as good.

Terminology

The terminology used for wing veins is illustrated and explained in Riegel (1948). All other terms are
defined and illustrated in Richards (1977). A few that are not used by all hymenopterists are defined below.
Epicnemium. Semicircular sclerite of the mesepisternum posterior to the fore coxa.

Mesosoma. The thorax plus propodeum.

Metasoma. Abdomen minus the first segment (propodeum).

Measured characters

Several morphometric characters are used in this study. Methods to measure these are described below.
Body length. This measurement does not include the ovipositor or antennae.

Ovipositor length. The ovipositor is exserted to various degrees and usually curved. To be measured
accurately, the specimen must be relaxed and the ovipositor pulled until its base is exposed. After some
practice it is easy to estimate the length from undissected specimens, measuring the ovipositor length from
the base of the hypopygium.

Hind femur. This is measured in lateral view from the most distal end of the trochantellus to the apex of the
femur.

Metasomal terga. The length of the first tergum is measured medially, from the apex to the distal end of the
small foramen from which the metasomal elevator muscles issue. The width is the maximum width of the
median tergite, i.e. lateral tergites are not included. The length of the 2nd metasomal tergum is measured
medially.

Species limits

I define a species as a group of organisms of common descent that is reproductively isolated from other such
groups. I interpret morphological differences or gaps as evidence of reproductive isolation. However,
without large collections from numerous localities it is often difficult to determine if any two morphologi-
cally different specimens from separate localities are different species or simply varieties of one polytypic
species.

A study of Alabagrus texanus and Alabagrus stigma, two species represented by over 500 specimens,
including long reared series, enabled me to better understand intraspecific morphological variability in
Alabagrus and to determine which character states are variable and therefore not reliable indicators of
species limits. For example, character states that do not vary greatly in Alabagrus texanus could be
presumed to be consistent in other species as well. Unfortunately, this study gave ambiguous results; A.
texanus appears to have low intraspecific variability for many characters whereas A. stigma has great
intraspecific variability for the same characters. All specimens of A. texanus have infuscate fore wings (Fig.
16) whereas members of A. stigma have many different wing colour patterns (cf. Figs 17e, 19d, 20f). The
propodea of specimens of A. texanus are areolate whereas those of A. stigma are punctate, to rugoso-
punctate, to areolate, with all intermediates present. Based on other species, represented by fairly large
series in my collections, the variation found in A. stigma is exceptional. Consequently, the intraspecific
stability or reliability of character states throughout Alabagrus is based on that found in A. texanus. This
standard is used to separate species where apparent disjunct ranges or small numbers of specimens
preclude an independent assay of variability.

Biology

Members of Alabagrus, like all agathidines, parasitize the larvae of Lepidoptera. Two major groups of
Agathidinae may be distinguished on the basis of their hosts. One group, including Coccygidium Sanssure
and Disophrys Foerster parasitize the exposed larvae of Noctuidae. Females of these genera are

314 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

characterized by short, strong, decurved ovipositors that are usually about one-third of the length of the
metasoma. The other group parasitize lepidopterous larvae that are hidden in plant tissues, such as stem
borers, leaf rollers and leaf tiers. These hosts are primarily in the superfamilies Tortricoidea and
Pyraloidea. Females of this group of Agathidinae, to which Alabagrus belongs, usually have long
ovipositors which are needed to reach their concealed hosts. Females of Alabagrus have ovipositor lengths
ranging from about as long as the metasoma to almost twice the body length.

Hosts are known for only seven species of Alabragus, i.e., A. imitatus, A. parvifasciatus, A. sanctus, A.
stigma, A. texanus, A. versicolor and A. xipe. From these limited host data three generalizations can be
made. First, members of Alabagrus with known hosts are polyphagous except A. imitatus and A. xipe;
second, they are exclusively or almost exclusively parasites of larvae of Pyralidae; and third, the species can
be divided into two groups: those that attack stem boring Pyralidae and those that attack leaf rolling and
leaf tieing Pyralidae.

Most species of Alabagrus with host records are associated with agroecosystems and their habit of
polyphagy may be an anomaly that makes them suitable for this habitat. Dr I. Gauld (pers. comm.) has
found that Fnicospilus americanus (Christ), a common ophionine ichneumonid associated with agroecosy-
stems, attacks most saturniids but that other species in this group in Mesoamerica are host specific.
Likewise, most species of Alabagrus, could be host specific with only those associated with agroecosystems
being polyphagous. Many more host records will be needed to verify or refute this hypothesis.

Of the 25 different species of Lepidoptera that are parasitized by the seven species of Alabagrus listed
above, all are Pyralidae except for one catalogue record of A. versicolor attacking Alabama argillacea
Hiibner, a noctuid moth, and a reference in Shenefelt (1970) to A. stigma attacking Laphygma frugiperda
(A. & S.), also a noctuid. I have reason to doubt the veracity of both of these records. For example,
Shenefelt (1970) attributes the A. stigma host record to Myers (1932), but I could not find a reference to this
host in Myer’s publication.

Members of Alabagrus appear to be restricted in their choice of host by ecological as well as taxonomic
limits. Of the six hosts recorded for A. texanus, all are pyralid leaf rollers or leaf tiers, except for the
dubious record mentioned previously. All hosts of A. stigma are pyralid stem borers in rice, corn and sugar
cane.

Hummelen (1974) studied the biology of A. stigma (as Agathis stigmaterus). Several of his findings
conform with the life histories of other agathidines: the early instar larva has a caudal process and
pseudopodia; after an initial period of relatively slow growth the parasite goes through a period of rapid
development, then leaves the host’s body and begins to feed externally, killing the host and rapidly
consuming most of it except the head capsule; the parasite then spins a cocoon and shortly afterwards
pupates.

The larvae of some species of Alabagrus wait for their host to spin a cocoon or part of one before
producing one themselves, e.g. A. texanus (see Needham, 1955), others do not, e.g. A. stigma. Perhaps
this behaviour is correlated with host niche. When a host is well protected in a stem the parasitoid may not
need the extra protection of the host cocoon.

Hummelen (1974) found that A. stigma is obligately thelytokous, i.e. unfertilized diploid eggs produce
females. His observations showed that haploid males are produced rarely (1.5%), but that these are
probably functionless as he did not observe copulation when both sexes were placed together.

Based on specimens in my collection, most species of Alabagrus seem to have approximately equal
numbers of males and females; however, about 10% of the species of Alabagrus have sex ratios that suggest
obligate thelytoky. For details on the life histories of A. stigma and A. texanus see Hummelen (1974) and
Needham (1955) respectively.

Character analysis

Each character used in the descriptions, character matrix and phylogenetic analysis is defined and
discussed below. The complexity and variability of each character as well as the polarities (relative ages)
assigned to the various character states of some characters are justified in this section.

Character states are polarized using outgroup analysis (Watrous & Wheeler, 1981; Wiley, 1981). Pharpa
Sharkey is proposed as the sister group of Alabagrus and is used as the outgroup. Character states were also
examined in Bassus Fabricius and other Agathidinae genera to confirm decisions and to check characters
that are ambiguous in Pharpa, i.e., where both character states or neither are present in Pharpa. For
two-state characters both the plesiomorphic and apomorphic states are given when there is evidence to
support a particular hypothesis. For characters with three or more states only the ground-plan state for
Alabagrus is given. Other states are coded as apomorphic but only rarely are transformation series
hypothesized.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 315

Many species of Alabagrus have sexually dimorphic characters such as body colour, wing pattern and
various sculptural patterns. In all cases of sexual dimorphism where outgroup analysis gave an unambi-
guous polarity decision, males exhibit the plesiomorphic character state.

Body colour

Body colour refers to the colour of the mesosoma and metasoma and not that of the head or appendages.
The body colour of members of Alabagrus varies from yellow-orange to black, but most species have a
combination of pale and dark colours. I have only rarely attempted to use these character states for
phylogenetic purposes but they are of some importance in identifying species. If most specimens of a
particular species are black but a small percentage show a little pale coloration then the species is coded in
the character matrix as being all black. The same applies to those species that are usually pale-coloured.
Species with some melanic marks are coded as pale if the dark coloration is restricted to the propleura and
anteroventral portion of the pronotum, or if there is only some black mottling on the metasoma, or if the
black colour is restricted to the apex of the metasoma. The most widespread colour pattern in Alabagrus is
black with a pale median region composed of the metapleuron, propodeum, and first three segments of the
metasoma. This is also the colour pattern most widespread in New World Bassus and Pharpa, hence it is
considered the ground-plan state for Alabagrus. Most species are relatively consistent in colour although
rarely, e.g. A. stigma, the colour may vary considerably.

Antennal colour

Primitively the antennae are concolorous with the head. This is the most widespread state in the
Agathidinae including Pharpa. There are two apomorphic states in Alabagrus, antenna paler than head
and antenna with a yellow band. Both of these states are considered to be independently derived from the
ground-plan state.

Wing colour patterns (Figs 16—20)

There are many different wing colour patterns in Alabagrus. Pharpa also shows many wing patterns as do
many large diurnal braconids of the lowland Neotropics. Presumably these are the result of adaptation to
local mimetic patterns. Because of polymorphism and convergence due to local selection pressures, these
patterns are not considered reliable for phylogenetic analysis. Most species (90%) possess only one
character state. Some are sexually dimorphic and and others are polymorphic with several character states
and intermediates.

I believe that the primitive character state is an infuscate wing (Fig. 16), for the following reasons: this
state is present in Pharpa; of the character states present in Alabagrus it is the most widespread in the
Agathidinae; in several sexually dimorphic species males have the infuscate state while females have
various Other patterns, e.g. A. maculipes, A. cara. In all other cases of sexually dimorphic characters
investigated in Alabagrus, males exhibit the plesiomorphic state.

Number of flagellomeres
This is an important character at the species-group level, but usually it is not useful to separate
morphologically similar species. The number of flagellomeres varies from 32 to 56 in Alabagrus. The
number of flagellomeres varies by five in A. texanus, a species of which I examined over 550 specimens. I
estimate that the total number of flagellomeres varies by four or five for species with many segments and by
two or three for those with fewer articles. The exact intraspecific range is difficult to estimate for all but a
few species because of the lack of long series from different localities.

I believe a high flagellomere number to be the plesiomorphic condition because members of Pharpa have
between 50 and 60 flagellomeres. Other agathidine genera vary widely in this character.

Shape of the gena (Figs 2a—f)

In lateral view the ventral portion of the gena has a number of different shapes. Genal shape may often be
used to distinguish otherwise very similar species and generally it is a stable character intraspecifically,
although a few species are intermediate between the various character states defined below.

A rounded gena (Fig. 2b) is considered plesiomorphic for Alabagrus. This is the character state in
Pharpa and it is the most widespread state in the Agathidinae, including basal lineages like Earinus. All
other states are encountered elsewhere in the Agathidinae, but only rarely and not in closely related
genera.

The character states are as follows:

Gena rounded (Figs 2b, f), plesiomorphic Gena acute posteroventrally (Fig. 2e)
Gena with obtuse angle posteriorly (Fig. 2c) Gena right-angled posteroventrally (Fig. 2d)

316 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Figs la—e Alabagrus species. a, tripartitus, dorsal head; b, kiska, dorsal head; c, erythromelas, posterior
mesosoma, with metasoma and hind legs removed; d, uchuk, dorsal head; e, parvifasciatus O’, ventral
metasoma.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 317

Figs 2a-f Lateral heads, of Alabagrus species. a, Jatreillei; b, texanus; c, juchuy; d, versicolor; e, arawak;,
f, elatoscutum.

318 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Figs3a—g Alabagrus species. a, stigma, ventral hind femur; b, tricarinatus, ventral hind femur; c, texanus,
ventral hind femur; d, maculipes, apicolateral mid tibia; e, /atisoma, lateral hind femur; f, versicolor,
distal hind tibia; g, stigma, tarsal claw.

Ridge laterad of the clypeus
The presence of a ridge laterad of the clypeus is synapomorphic for three species of Alabagrus in which they
occur in various strengths. This character state is not known in other agathidines.

Shape of the occiput (Figs 1b, d)

Viewed dorsally, the shape of the occiput varies considerably. A sharply excavated occiput, an apomorphic
character state, is important to distinguish a small group of species. This condition is similar to that found in
Aerophilus brulléi Szépligeti and several undescribed species of Bassus. However, an unexcavated occiput
(Fig. 1d) is most widespread in the Agathidinae and present in all species of Pharpa. I therefore consider it
to be the ground-plan state for Alabagrus.

Carinae of frons (Figs la, b, d)
The presence of lateral carinae on the frons is a character state that may be the ground-plan state for the
Agathidinae because it is widespread within the subfamily. The carinae vary greatly in shape and different
states of the character are easily defined. One such state is a synapomorphy for Pharpa plus Alabagrus (Fig.
1a). In members of these two genera the carinae are rounded, not greatly elevated, and they run in a rather
straight line from the lateral and median borders of each antennal socket to the median ocellus.

The plesiomorphic character state in Alabagrus is well-developed carinae, as in Pharpa (Fig. 1a). Some

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 319

Figs 4a-f Lateral mesosoma of Alabagrus species. a, albispina; b, imitatus; c, texanus; d, parvifasciatus;
e, masneri; f, haenschi.

species of Alabagrus have the carinae reduced (Fig. 1d) and this is apomorphic in Alabagrus. Reduction of
the carinae on the frons is not correlated with reduction of carinae and sculpture on the mesosoma and
metasoma.

Notauli (Fig. 7a—d)
The presence of well-improessed notauli is plesiomorphic; they are present in Pharpa and most genera of
Agathidinae. Notauli may be weakly impressed or completely absent in Alabagrus.

Longitudinal ridge of scutum (Fig. 7d)

Anteriorly the scutum of most species of Alabagrus has a rounded, median, longitudinal ridge, bounded
laterally by longitudinal depressions. This character state occurs in many other agathidine taxa, e.g.
Cremnops Foerster, Euagathis Szépligeti, Coccydium and Zelomorpha Ashmead. Although the ridge is
absent in Pharpa, the hypothesized sister group of Alabagrus, and some other genera of Agathidinae, I
consider presence of the ridge to be the ground-plan state for Alabagrus because it is more likely that the
state was lost in Pharpa rather than independently gained in Alabagrus. The loss of this ridge therefore is
considered apomorphic within Alabagrus.

320 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Figs 5a-f Alabagrus species. a, varipes, lateral mesosoma; b, paruyana, dorsal metanotum; c, nigrilitus,
lateral mesosoma; d, kiska, lateral mesosoma; e, versicolor, lateral mesosoma; f, elatoscutum, lateral
mesosoma.

Longitudinal carina of scutellar furrow

There are from zero to three longitudinal carinae in the scutellar furrow. This number is often much higher
in other genera of Agathidinae, therefore a high number of carinae is assumed to be plesiomorphic;
however, because of many intermediate states and intraspecific variability, this character has not been used
in the phylogenetic analyses. The character is useful to help identify some species.

Posterior transverse ridge of scutellum (Figs 8a—d)

The scutellum may or may not have a transverse ridge, the presence of which is considered plesiomorphic.
A ridge is present in most genera of Agathidinae, including Bassus, Coccydium, Euagathis, Disophrys and
Cremnops. A transverse ridge is absent from Pharpa and I believe this to be a derived condition in that
genus. I consider it more likely that the scutellar ridge was lost in Pharpa and independently in some
Alabagrus rather than lost in the common ancestor of both taxa and regained in Alabagrus.

Median areola of metanotum (Figs 8a—d)
The median areola of the metanotum is usually well excavated and delimited by raised margins laterally

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 321

Figs 6a-f Alabagrus species. a, xolotl, lateral mesosoma; b, stigma, lateral mesosoma; c, uchuk, lateral
mesosoma; d, fripartitus, lateral mesosoma; e, tripartitus, dorsal propodeum; f, erythromelas, dorsal
propodeum.

and posteriorly. This is the hypothesized plesiomorphic state; it is the most widespread condition in the
Agathidinae and is common throughout the Braconidae. The areola is sometimes reduced or completely
absent in members of Alabagrus (Fig. 8c). Species of Pharpa have a rather weak median areola, though the
lateral margins are clearly present.

Sternaulus (Figs 5a, c—f)

The sternaulus is present and foveolate in many ichneumonoids including most Agathidinae. The
sternaulus varies from being absent to complete, extending from the posterior border of the mesopleuron
to the epicnemium (Fig. 1f). Most agathidines, including Pharpa, have a sternaulus intermediate in length,
usually about 0-5 x the length of the mesopleuron (Fig. 5c). Consequently, this state is considered
plesiomorphic for Alabagrus.

Longitudinal carinae between metepimeron and metepisternum (Figs 4a—f, 5d)
The presence of these carinae is plesiomorphic for Alabagrus; they are present in Pharpa and in most
agathidine genera. In Alabagrus, they may be reduced (Fig. 5d) or absent (Fig. 4f).

B22; MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Figs 7a-d_ Dorsal mesosoma of Alabagrus species. a, latisoma: MLC = median longitudinal carina, ATC
= anterior transverse carina, AMA = anterior median areola, LLC = lateral longitudinal carina, PMA
= posterior median areola, PTC = posterior transverse carina; b, imitatus; c, masneri; d, nigrilitus.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 323

Figs 8a—d_ Dorsal mesosoma of Alabagrus species. a, uchuk; b, stigma; c, versicolor; d, arawak.

324 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Figs 9a—d_ Dorsal mesosoma of Alabagrus species. a, vercicolor; b, elatoscutum; c, stigma; d, arawak.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS B25

Figs 10a-f Propodeum of Alabagrus species. a, kiska; b, wachupa; c, pachamama; d, triangulifer CO’; e,
uchuk; f, sanctus.

Metapleural sculpture (Fig. 4a—f)

The sculpture of the metapleuron varies from almost completely areolate rugose to smooth with scattered
punctures. A few species including A. stigma have the metapleuron densely punctate. Pharpa has scattered
weak punctures and a few rugae ventrally on the metapleuron. This is also the most widespread state in the
Agathidinae and it is therefore considered to be plesiomorphic for Alabagrus.

Propodeal sculpture (Figs 7a—10f)

An areolated propodeum is the ground-plan state for Alabagrus. This is the condition present in Pharpa,
most genera of Agathidinae, and many other braconids and ichenumonids. In the ground-plan there are
four major carinae, two longitudinal and two transverse, with the longitudinal carina fusing anteriorly.
These carinae are named and labelled in Fig. 7a.

Propodeal sculpture varies considerably in Alabagrus and it is one of the most important characters for
species recognition. The sculpture is often reduced (Figs 7b, d), and all conceivable intermediates between
completely areolate (Fig. 7a) and completely smooth (Fig. 10c) are present.

The sculpture of the propodeum is often (70%) a sexually dimorphic character. In species where the

326 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

os iis, ie >

rs " 2 oui s <<. e
Figs lla-f Alabagrus species. a, janzeni, dorsal metasomal tergum 1; b, tripartitus, dorsal metasomal
tergum 1; c, janzeni, propodeum; d, wachapu, dorsal metasomal tergum 1; e, voto, dorsal metasomal

tergum 1; f, ekchuah, lateral mesosoma.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 327

Figs 12a-d_ Dorsal metasoma of Alabagrus species. a, stigma; b, parvifasciatus 2; c, texanus; d,
parvifasciatus CO’.

328 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Figs 13a-d_ Dorsal metasoma of Alabagrus species. a, elatoscutum; b, latisoma; c, imitatus; d, arawak.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS

Figs 14a—d Dorsal metasoma of Alabagrus species. a, arawak; b, nigrilitus; c, xolotl; d, versicolor.

330 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

a EOE

Figs 15a—d_ Dorsal metasoma of Alabagrus species. a, b, uchuk; c, nicoya; d, nigrilitus.

female has some reduction in the amount of propodeal sculpture the male often maintains a complete
complement of carinae, the primitive character state. Even where females have the primitive state the
males usually have stronger sculpture.

Spines of the mid tibia (Fig. 3d)
All agathidine genera have apical spines outwardly on the mid tibia. A group of genera (Agathis group)
including Bassus, Agathis Latreille, Braunsia Kriechbaumer, Pharpa and Alabagrus also have spines that
occur preapically. These are roughly defined as spines that are well separated from the apical row or cluster
of spines (Fig. 3d).

The number of apical spines is rather consistent in Alabagrus, from three to six. The number of preapical
spines is more variable interspecifically, from zero to over 30. Species of Pharpa have from one to three
preapical spines. A low number of spines is also the most widespread state with the Agathis group of

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 331

l6a

—imm_, I6b

Figs 16a,b Alabagrus texanus. a, fore wing; b, hind wing.

genera, but because of high intraspecific variability and the lack of an objective method to define character
states in this continuous character, it was excluded from the phylogenetic analyses. The number of
preapical spines varies considerably intraspecifically and variability increases as a function of the number of
spines. Species typically have ranges as follows: 0-2, 1-3, 2-4, 3-6, 4-7, 6-11.

Apical spines on hind tibia (Fig. 3f)

This includes all spines on the hind tibia, though rarely some may be remote from the apex. These spines
are present in members of all agathidine genera. Members of the genus Pharpa have between five and
seven spines and this is also the most common range in the Agathis group of genera. In Alabagrus the
number of spines varies from three to 20. As with mid tibia preapical spines, there is some intraspecific
variation in this character. The number of spines on the hind tibia is positively correlated with the number
on the mid tibia.

Sculpture of the hind leg ventrally (Figs 3a, b, c, e)

There are three states of this character in Alabagrus: smooth with scattered weak punctures (Figs 3b, e),
strongly punctate (Fig. 3a), and rugose (Fig. 3c). The first is considered the primitive state, is the only one
occurring in the sister group Pharpa and is the most widespread in the Agathidinae. The other two states
occur in other Agathidine genera but not commonly. These states occur convergently and sporadically in
Cremnops and allies, and in Zelomorpha and allies, both of which are distantly related to Alabagrus.

Dimensions of hind femur (length/width) (Fig. 3e)

The hind femur varies in size from 2:7—5-1 X longer than wide in Alabagrus. Members of Pharpa have hind
femora varying from 3-5—4-3 x longer than wide and the vast majority of agathidines in the Agathis group
fallin this range. There is some intraspecific variation in this character. Hind femora of females vary by 0-1
or 0-2 x and femora of males are usually slightly wider than those of females. This ratio is very useful to
distinguish species, and several monophyletic groups in Alabagrus have unusually stout hind femora. The
measurements are taken in lateral view from the apex of the trochantellus to the apex of the femur.

Wing venation characters (Fig. 16)

Wing venation is very consistent in Alabagrus. The 1RS cell is usually triangular and sessile. It is never
widely quadrate nor greatly petiolate. In some species the 1RS cell may be weakly quadrate but this seems
to be variable intraspecifically.

332) MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

7a

I7b

17d

I7e

,-—_i1mm__,

Figs 17a—e Fore wing of Alabagrus species. a, mataco; b, arawak; c, maculipes; d, uchuk; e, guayaki.

There is sometimes a remnant of 2RS, of the fore wing present as a stub or swelling in 27-m; however,
this is variable and not a reliable character at the species level in Alabagrus.

Sculpture of the 1st metasomal tergum

Primitively, the Agathidinae have two parallel longitudinal carinae on the first tergum. This state is found
in numerous taxa in the Agathidinae, e.g. Braunsia, Bassus, and Pharpa. Similar though weaker carinae
are on the first tergum of species of Agathis and Earinus Wesmael. This condition is very widespread in the
Braconidae and the Ichneumonidae and may be the ground-plan state for the entire superfamily.

In Alabagrus, two carinae on the first tergum (the plesiomorphic condition) are found in males of A.
parvifasciatus and some males of A. stigma. Most female Alabagrus lack two carinae but when present they
converge to form a medial longitudinal carina (Figs 13a—d) or are very short (Fig. 12b). Short converging
carinae, found in females of A. parvifasciatus, are the presumed ground-plan character state for Alabagrus
females.

The miqa species-group is defined by the strong median carina formed by the fusion of the two lateral
longitudinal carinae. The shape of the carina and/or median bump on the first metasomal tergum are
important diagnostic characters.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 333

I8a

Figs 18a—e Fore wing of Alabagrus species. a, b, tripartitus; c, tricarinatus; d, mojos; e, albispina.

334 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

19a

I9b

I9c
ee oS eS oe ‘ “ <
<< ee
Hom,

Figs 19a—d_ Fore wing of Alabagrus species. a, masoni; b, parusimi; c, versicolor; d, cara.

Dimensions of the first metasomal tergum (Figs 11—15)
The length/width ratio of the first metasomal tergum varies between 0-7 and 2-0 in Alabagrus. In Pharpa
the ratio varies between 1-0 and 1-1. In the Agathidinae ratios between 1-0 and 1-5 are common and
widespread, therefore I define as plesiomorphic in Alabagrus length/width ratios between 1-0 and 1-5.
It is important to measure the first metasomal tergum uniformly, as described in the methods section.
The length/width ratio is also given in the species descriptions for the fused second and third terga. The
ratios are usually nearly equal to the ratio of the dimensions of the first tergum, varying by 0-1 or 0-2.

Transverse depressions on metasomal terga two and three (Figs 12c, 13b, 15a)

The presence of a transverse depression on both terga two and three is plesiomorphic for Alabagrus. The
depressions are well impressed in all species of Pharpa and in many other closely related agathidine genera,
e.g. Neomicrodus Szépligeti, Braunsia and some Bassus. Weakly impressed transverse depressions are
found on the first and second metasomal terga of some Agathirsia Westwood and Earinus. In these genera,
and in all Agathis investigated, the transverse depression of the third tergum is usually weak or lost while
that of the second tergum is retained. This same reduction has occurred independently in many genera,
including Alabagrus.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 335

20e

Figs 20a-f Fore wing of Alabagrus species. a, latreillei; b, c, kiska; d, kagaba; e, nahuatl; f, stigma.

336 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Characters (0=plesiomorphic, 1 = apomorphic)

1. 0. ovipositor long
1. ovipositor short

2. 0. genarounded posteroventrally
. gena acute posteroventrally

—_

3. 0. hind femur smooth ventrally
. hind femur rugose ventrally

Ss

4. 0. metasomaltergum 1 lacking strong median carinae
1. metasomal tergum 1 with strong median carinae

(] = plesiomorphic § = apomorphic

MOJOS

TEXANUS

VOTO

Fig. 21 Hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of species groups of Alabagrus.

Length of the ovipositor

Ovipositor length varies from 0-4—1-6 X the body length in Alabagrus. In Pharpa this ratio varies from
1-0—1-1. Among the Agathis group of genera an ovipositor about equal to the length of the body is the most
widely distributed, although short and long ovipositors occur rarely.

The length of the ovipositor is usually quite consistent intraspecifically. In Alabagrus texanus the ratio of
ovipositor length to body length varies from 0-7—1-0. This rather wide range is due primarily to a few
aberrant individuals. One species, A. triangulifer, has a variable ovipositor length (0-8—1-3) but it is an
exceptional species in that almost every character seems to vary considerably. I am not at all certain that it
represents only one species.

The entire length of the ovipositor is measured when comparing its length with that of the body. Rarely
the ovipositor is extended and then this measurement is not difficult to make. When the ovipositor is not
extended a close approximation to its length can be obtained by measuring the ovipositor from the base of
the hypopygium.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 337

STIGMA
9 PARVIFASCIATUS

IMITATUS

LLAMPU

XOLOTL
UCHUK

PLAUMANNI
MASNERI

PISIPUKA
10 PAQO

TRIANGULIFER
5 PECKI

SUNI
11 7 YANAMAPA

3 FESTIVUS
LAEVIS
PARUYANA
ESENBECKIl

KISKA

JATUNQEPI
13

12 UCHUKQEPI
3 VARIUS

SANCTUS

MARGINATIFRONS
XIPE

Fig. 22 Hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of species of the suni-group.

338 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY
MATACO
10 CAUDATUS

ARAWAK
TESTACEUS
WARRAU

1 PARUNAUPI
2 AA

CUNA
CAQUETIO

SEMIALBUS
12 TRICARINATUS

COATLICUE

NIGRILITUS
CALIBI
11 OYANA

BOTOCUDO
Fig. 23 Hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of species of the aa-group.

MIQA
URU

WACHAPU
8 1 PARUSIMI

SHORTERI
LATREILLEI

a 4
SISPALATREILLE!

MISA

3 TUPINAMBA
JANZENI
LEPTOSOMA
LOKONO

LATISOMA
ELATOSCUTUM
6 KAGABA

MAYA
7 TRIPARTITUS

Fig. 24 Hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of species of the miqa-group.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS

ee AA ROP?

i oe MIA GROUP?

8
10
4
6
3
10
7
6
5

MAUE
MOJOS

PACHAMAMA
HAENSCHI

ERYTHROMELAS

cocTo

CARA
SISPACARA

YARURO
WAORANI

SOLOX
LEVIPODEUM
PORTERI

WAIWAI
AYAMARA

VARIEGATUS
WATACHUPA

VERSICOLOR
FUSCISTIGMA
MUISCA
CAINGANG
INTIMAPA
PURI

MOCOVI

OLMEC

Fig. 25 Hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of species of the mojos-group.

339

340 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Fig. 26 Hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of species of the texanus-group.

wn AA + MIQA +
MOJOS GROUPS

—S eee TEXANUS GROUP

DIEGELI
MIXCOATL
NIO
VARIPES

JUCHUY
GUAYAKI

VOTO

ROIBAS!
MASONI

CHIMU
7 MACULIPES

ARUA
6 CARIB

Fig. 27 Hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of species of the voto-group.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 341
ALABAGRUS Enderlein

Alabagrus Enderlein, 1920: 203. Type species: Alabagrus citreistigma, Enderlein, by original designation.

Astiria Enderlein, 1920: 207. Type species: Astiria haenschi Enderlein, by original designation. Syn. n.

Craspedobothrus Enderlein, 1920: 206. Type species: Craspedobothrus fuscovittatus Enderlein, by original
designation. Syn. n.

Liyptia Enderlein, 1920: 210. Type species: Liyptia rufiventris Enderlein, by original designation. Syn. n.

GENDER. Masculine.

Diacnosis. Members of Alabagrus may be distinguished from all other agathidines by the following
combination of character states: frons bordered by carinae (Fig. 1a); tarsal claws with rounded basal lobe
(Fig. 3g); first metasomal tergum convex and often with median longitudinal carina (Figs 13-14), rarely
(2%) two carinae present (Figs 12b, d).

Description. Head. Number of flagellomeres 35—65, usually 40-50; maxillary palpus Ssegmented; labial
palpus 4-segmented, 3rd segment of labial palpus relatively small and sometimes difficult to see; gena
expanded posteroventrally, rounded or acute (Figs 2a, f); frons margined with carinae (Fig. 1a); rarely
(3%) occiput excavated medially (Fig. 1b), usually unexcavated (Fig. 1d). Mesosoma. Notauli usually
(85%) impressed, rarely reduced or absent, never foveolate; scutellum usually (80%) with posterior
transverse ridge (Fig. 8d); sculpture of propodeum variable, usually areolate (70%) (Fig. 7d) but ranging
from smooth (Fig. 10c) to rugose (Fig. 8b): hind coxal cavities closed (Fig. 1c); sternaulus usually
foveolate, about 0-5 x length of mesopleuron, varying from completely absent to foveolate for entire
length of mesopleuron (Fig. 11f); 1RS cell of fore wing usually sessile and triangular (Fig. 16), rarely (4%)
weakly petiolate or subquadrate (Fig. 18c); 2RS, indicated as small bump or bend in 2r—m; 1RS + M
absent, making cells 1M and 1R confluent (Fig. 20e); 2r—m of hind wing usually indicated by spectral vein
(see Mason, 1986 for definition) in anterior 0-3; mid tibia with preapical spines (Fig. 3d); mid and hind tibia
with apical spines (Figs 3d, 3f); tarsal claws of all legs with rounded basal lobe (Fig. 3g). Metasoma. First
metasomal tergum usually (70%) smooth and convex (Fig. 14a), often with median carina (Fig. 13a), rarely
(2%) two longitudinal carinae present (Figs 12b, d); 2nd and 3rd terga usually smooth; 2nd tergum usually
(95%) with and 3rd tergum usually (75%) without transverse depression, but both may lack or possess
transverse depression (Figs 12c, 13b, 15a); 8th metasomal tergum of females (9th abdominal) mostly
membranous and excavated anteromedially (Fig. 15b); 7th metasomal sternum of males (8th abdominal)
notched posteromedially (Fig. le); ovipositor from as long as metasoma to almost 2 X body length.
Length. 4-5—14-0 mm not including ovipositor.

Phylogeny

Methods
The approach used to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships is most often referred to as the cladistic
method, formulated by Hennig (1950, 1966) and more concisely explicated by Wiley (1981).

The polarity or relative age of character states (i.e. apomorphic = derived and plesiomorphic =
ancestral) was determined using outgroup analysis (Watrous & Wheeler, 1981). When both states were
found in the outgroup, that character state found in the hypothesized sister group, Pharpa, was considered
plesiomorphic.

In constructing the cladograms of individual species groups I ran the character state distributional data
(Tables 1-6) through PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony) (Swofford, 1985). This is a Fortran
77 program for inferring phylogenies using maximum parsimony. The data were run using the MULPARS
option which allows one to view all equally parsimonious trees. This option was used in conjunction with a
swapping procedure ‘Global Swapping’ that rearranges the topologies in search of shorter trees.

All of the shortest trees from any one species group were then input into another Fortran program
developed by Swofford (1985) called CONTREE. This finds the strict concensus tree (Nelson, 1979), a tree
that presents the information common to the entire set of equally parsimonious trees. In most species
groups there was such poor congruence in characters that more than 100 equally parsimonious trees were
found. However, PAUP only stores the first 100 trees found; thus, when the CONTREE program was run
with the 100 trees supplied, it was operating with an incomplete data set, but even so the concensus trees
gave almost no information. It was clear that the use of strict parsimony could resolve very few clades in any
of the species groups.

I repeatedly searched for more characters to include in my character matrices but all available were
either autapomorphies or they were difficult to code objectively because they were continuous characters.

To obtain some resolution in the cladograms (Figs 21—22) it was necessary to weight some characters.

MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

342

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uyjoows “0
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“el

4

aeulied jeuipnyiBuoj g Buiyoe| *1
eeued jeuIpNyiBuo| Z UIIM “0

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ayejoaie “O

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(pg ‘Bi4) yeamsainjound ‘9

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SYALOVYVHOD

IMLAB

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 343

Table 2. Character matrix of species of the Aa species group. (P = intermediate or polymorphic)

CHARACTERS a NIG ad CAU|PAR| AA |SEM! TRI | CAL|BOT| OYA tes |caa ARA

1. Body color
ofs|alel+|+]olo oof it p

0. partly melanic
1. entirely pale

2. Flagellum color
0. flagellomeres concolorous
1. several flagellomeres contrastingly yellow

3. Head color
0. melanic
1. pale

4. Color of stigma
0. melanic
1. yellow

5. Base of fore wing
0. melanic
1. pale

6. Fore wing pattern
0. lacking. single yellow band
1. with single yellow band ( Fig. 17a)

7. Areolae of propodeum
0. anterior median areola less than 2 X longer
than posterior median areola (Fig. 7a)
1. anterior median areola more than 2 X longer
than posterior median areola (Fig. 8d)

8. Metasomal tergum 1
0. less than 1.5 X longer than wide
1. more than 1.5 X longer than wide

9. Metasomaltergum 1
0. more than 1.3 X longer than wide 1
1. less than 1.3 X longer than wide

10. Propodeal sculpture
0. strong anteriorly (Fig. 8d) 0
1. weak anteriorly (Fig. 8c)

11. Transverse ridge of scutellum
0. strong, acute (Fig. 8d) 0
1. weak or absent (Figs. 8a, c)

0
0} 0} 0] 0/0/0)1] 1/010) 0\0|o|o

This was done on the basis of character complexity (Hect & Edwards, 1977) and compatibility with other
_ characters.

12. Fore wing pattern
0. lacking . single clear band 0
1. with _ single clear band (Fig. 18c)

_ Monophyly of Alabagrus and its phylogenetic position in the Agathidinae

| Alabagrus belongs to an informal group of genera referred to by Bhat & Gupta (1977) as the Agathis group.
| Sharkey (1985) expanded their concept of the Agathis group to include the following genera: Aerophiliodes
| Strand, Aerophilus Szépligeti, Agathirsia, Agathis, Alabagrus Enderlein, Astiria Enderlein, Bassus,
| Braunsia, Camptothlipsis Enderlein, Craspedobothrus Enderlein, Crassomicrodus Ashmead, Earinus,
| Laccagathis Watanabe, Liyptia Enderlein, Mesocoelus Schulz, Pharpa, Rhamphagathis Tobias, Tracha-
gathis Viereck and Zamicrodus Viereck. These genera share one synapomorphy, the presence of spines
along the outer surface of the mid tibia (Fig. 3d). These spines are very rare in other Braconidae and when
| present I do not believe that they are homologous with those found in this group of genera. When present in
| groups closely related to the Agathidinae, e.g. the Orgilinae, the spines are of a very different appearance,
_ being slim and seta-like. In distantly related groups, e.g. Doryctinae, spines of the mid tibia appear similar
| to those of the Agathidinae; however, it is doubtful that they are homologous structures since one would
have to explain the absence of these spines in many other subfamilies as convergent losses. It is far more
| parsimonious to hyothesize independent origins for the mid tibial spines of the two subfamilies.
Alabagrus and Pharpa form a monophyletic group based on two synapomorphies, viz. frons margined by
| carinae and fore coxa subquadrate (see fig. 6 in Sharkey, 1986). The subquadrate coxae are not found in

344 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Table 3. Character matrix of species of the Miqa species group. (P = intermediate or polymorphic)

CHARACTERS SHO|LATR| LEP | JAN |WAC|LATI| ELA | MAY! TRI | SIS | MIQ | KAG| TUP 'uRU|PaR| ms | LOK

1. Stigma color
0. melanic
1. yellow

2. Fore wing pattern
0. infuscate basally
1. yellow basally

—

3. Fore wing pattern
0. lacking 2 pale bands
1. with 2 pale bands

4. Metasomal tergum 1
0. more than 1.2 X longerthanwide| 1 | 1/01} 0

1. less than 1.2 X longer than wide

5. Ovipositor length
0. more than 0.7 X body
1. less than 0.7 X body

[o)

—_
(=)
fhe ss
oO
oO
=

oO
a

6. Hind femur length/width ratio |
0. more than 3.5 0/0}; 0);0
1. lessthan3.5

re
oO

7. Propodeal sculpture
0. lateral longitudinal carinae
complete Wah
1. lateral longitudinal carinae
incomplete posteriorly (Fig. 6e)

. Propodeal sculpture
0. atleast weakly sculptured Dal el el edn On Os FOR Os ON Di] shen eoateatert = het
1. smooth

. Number of spines on hind tibia
0. less than9 OO FON Ws) 1) Wah ee On On ate sO} On co.
1. morethan9

—
_
oO

(jo)
aad
ot
| Sek iad
=

=k

other Agathidinae nor in subfamilies closely related to the Agathidinae. Other genera of Agathidinae, e.g.
Coccydium and Disophrys, have the frons bordered by carinae; however the shape of the carinae is
different from that found in Alabagrus and Pharpa (Figs 1a, b).

The monophyly of Alabagrus is based on a character state on the first metasomal tergum of all females.
In the primitive state this tergum has two lateral longitudinal carinae. These are present in many other
genera of Agathidinae, as well as Pharpa. The primitive character state is also widespread in other
subfamilies of Braconidae and Ichneumonidae. In members of Alabagrus these carinae have fused
medially (Fig. 13a) or they have disappeared completely (Fig. 14c). Females of A. stigma have what I
consider to be the ground plan for Alabagrus (Fig. 12a). Here the two carinae are still distinct and fused
medially. Males of several species of Alabagrus, including A. parvifasciatus and A. imitatus, have retained
the plesiomorphic state of two longitudinal carinae (Fig. 12d) and females of these species may have the
rudiments of these carinae restricted to the base of the tergum. Sexual dimorphism with the male displaying
the plesiomorphic state is common in members of Alabagrus and other Agathidinae.

Alabagrus incorporates four nominal genera of Agathidinae, i.e. Alabagrus, Astiria, Craspedobothrus
and Liyptia. Astiria, Liyptia and Craspedobothrus are here synonymized with Alabagrus. All of these
genera were erected in the same publication by Enderlein (1920) and I have chosen the name Alabagrus for
this assemblage simply because I like the sound of the name. There is no evidence for the monophyly of any
of these nominal genera unless they are all included as one taxon. In the following paragraphs I will discuss
the phylogenetic position of each of the nominal genera within Alabagrus and thereby rationalize their
inclusion in one large genus.

Astiria, the only genus that Muesebeck (1951) did not synonymize under Agathis, contained four
species, Astiria festiva Enderlein, A. haenschi Enderlein, A. solox Enderlein and A. varia Enderlein.

345

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS

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ayjedyye “1

346 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Table S. Character matrix of species of the Texanus species group.

CHARACTERS

. Body color
0. black and pale (orange to red) Teal
1. all black

. Rugae of metapleuron
0. restricted to margins 0
1. present in ventral third or more

. Dimensions of metasomal tergum 1
0. less than 1.3 X longer than wide
1. more than 1.3 X longer than wide

. Dimensions of metasomal tergum 1
0. more than 0.9 X longer than wide] 0
1. less than 0.9 X longer than wide

. Sternaulus
0. notcomplete to epicnemium 1 || @
1. complete to epicnemium

6. Fore wing pattern
0. infuscate 0
1. pale basally, infuscate apically

These have one feature in common: the sculpture of the mesosoma is greatly reduced, e.g. in most species
the propodeum is completely smooth.

Loss characters are suspect in cladistic analyses and my character analysis, based on parsimony, indicates
that reduction in sculpture has occurred repeatedly in Alabagrus. Reference to the cladograms of Figs 22
and 25 and their corresponding character matrices (Tables 1 and 4) show that the species of Astiria are
included in two separate species groups and that they are not closely related even in the two groups.

Reduction of sculpture of the mesosoma is a continuous character. Many species of Alabagrus have only
a partial reduction of sculpture and others are variable in that some members of a species have complete
loss of sculpture on the propodeum while others have distinct, though weak, carinae. This makes the
character state of reduced sculpture difficult to use in defining monophyletic groups.

Enderlein (1920) placed considerable importance on the shape of the 1RS cell in the fore wing. He
considered the triangular, petiolate 1RS cell to be a diagnostic character state for members of Astiria. The
shape of the 1RS cell is variable in many species of Alabagrus, e.g. A. albispina. The three-sided, petiolate
1RS cell is often found in species with complete sculpture on the mesosoma, a character state not
compatable with Enderlein’s concept of Astiria. Therefore the two character states used by Enderlein to
define Astiria are both prone to homoplasy, and they are not correlated with each other. The species which
the two states define are derived lineages within Alabagrus and are not closely related to each other.

Enderlein (1920) included two species under Liyptia, viz. L. triangulifera Enderlein and the type species
L. rufiventris Enderlein, the latter being a junior synonym (syn. n.) of Alabagrus parvifasciatus
(Cameron).

A. parvifasciatus is distinguished from most other Alabagrus in that males have retained the plesiomor-
phic condition of two carinae on the first metasomal tergum. It is perhaps this outstanding feature that
prompted Enderlein to erect a new genus. However, because females have the Alabagrus synapomorphy
of fused carinae, Liyptia can only be defined by the plesiomorphic character state possessed by males; for
this reason it is included here in Alabagrus. One could propose that Liyptia should be classified as a genus
separate from Alabagrus, as its sister group. I do not accept this because I hypothesize A. parvifasciatus to
be the sister species of A. stigma, the type species of Alabagrus (Fig. 22), rather than the entire genus. A
small percentage of males of A. stigma also have the carinae of the first metasomal tergum separated; in
fact, males of the two species are sometimes impossible to separate.

The other species that Enderlein included in Liyptia, L. triangulifera, shares little in common with A.
parvifasciatus though they are both in the same species group of Alabagrus (Fig. 22). Many specimens of A.
triangulifer have a large bump on the first metasomal tergum. This is a character state that Enderlein (1920)
considered to be very important and he included it in his generic key. However, the character is variable in
A. triangulifer; the first tergum varies from almost flat (cf. Fig. 14b) to with a large bump. The size of the

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 347

Table 6. Character matrix of species of the Voto species group.

CHARACTERS ARU oie | wox| No [can var] vuc/Gua| vor] Mac] Mas] cH! | ROI

1. Number of flagellomeres
0. more than 39 Te OU ONS Or tn On telat | at
1. less than or equal to 39

2. Fore wing pattern

0. infuscate OF OneOH) LO MOWNMO ION OF| A
1. partly pale

3. Fore wing pattern
0. lacking yellow stigmal spot OPO SO OnTOU TONSA ONION et
1. with yellow stigmal spot (Figs. 17e, 19c) |

4. Fore wing pattern
0. notas follows 0; 0
1. base pale, apex infuscate (Figs. 19a, d)

5. Longitudinal ridge of scutum
0. present 0| 0
1. absent

6. Transverse ridge of scutellum
0. present ye
‘1. absent

7. Propodeal sculpture
14 0

0. areolate (Fig. 7a)
1. areolae reduced or absent (Figs. 7b, c)

bump on the first metasomal tergum is variable in other species of Alabagrus and the presence of a large
bump seems to have been derived several times.

Craspedobothrus was distinguished by Enderlein (1920) by the presence of a transverse depression on
the second metasomal tergum. This character state is not useful to define a monophyletic unit because it is
plesiomorphic. It is widely distributed throughout the Agathis group of genera, e.g. Neomicrodus,
Microdus Nees von Esenbeck and Braunsia and, based on other characters, this character has reversed to
the plesiomorphic state within Alabagrus several times.

Craspedobothrus consisted of two species, C. fuscovittatus and C. laevis. In this work, C. fuscovittatus
becomes a junior synonym (syn. n.) of A. /atreilli (Spinola). Reference to the cladograms in Figs 22 and 24
shows the two species to be rather distantly related.

Phylogeny of species of Alabagrus

The species of Alabagrus proved to be very difficult taxa for phylogenetic analysis. Very few characters are
available and of these many are not ideal because they are subject to considerable homoplasy and/or they
are relative and continuous characters such that the various states must be arbitrarily defined. Examples
are the number of flagellomeres of the antenna, the width of the hind femur and the amount of sculpture on
the propodeum. Despite these difficulties a provisional hypothesis of the phylogeny of the species of
Alabagrus is presented. This is illustrated by the cladograms in Figs 22-27. These cladograms are based on
the corresponding character matrices (Tables 1-6).

Figure 21 illustrates the phylogenetic position of the six species groups. Three of these, the aa, miqa and
texanus species groups, are based on shared derived character states. The other three, the suni, mojos and
voto species groups, may not be monophyletic as I have not discovered any synapomorphic character states
that define them.

If monophyletic, the suni group may be the sister group of all remaining Alabagrus. It is defined by long
ovipositor length which probably is the plesiomorphic character state. Ovipositor length is a character that
is difficult to polarize and states are difficult to define objectively. Females of Pharpa, the proposed sister
group of Alabagrus, have ovipositors that are about 1-1 x the body length. The sister group to Pharpa plus
Alabagrus is unknown though it is likely to be a taxon in the Agathis group of genera in which the ovipositor
length varies from about the length of the metasoma to considerably longer than the body. Hence, I am
unsure as to whether a short or a long ovipositor is the ground-plan for Alabagrus. However, since a long
Ovipositor is present in Pharpa, the sister group, a long ovipositor (greater than the body length) is

348 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

hypothesized to be the ground-plan state for Alabagrus. Associated with the presence of a long ovipositor
is parasitism of stem-boring Lepidoptera; perhaps this is the underlying synapomorphy for the suni group.
Based on the few available host records, all other species groups of Alabagrus, i.e. those with short
ovipositors, attack leaf-rolling or leaf-tying Lepidoptera.

Ovipositor length seems to be a consistent character at the species level. With the exception of A.
triangulifer and A. kiska, all species have a very small range in ovipositor length relative to body length.
None of the synapomorphies that define other species groups of Alabagrus occurs in the suni group,
indicating that it is probably composed of closely related species.

Within the suni group (Fig. 22, Table 1), there is a derived subgroup of four species, A. jatungepi, A.
kiska, A. uchukgepi and A. varius, defined by the presence of a sharply excavated occiput (Fig. 1b). This
character state is so outstanding that it could prompt some to erect a new genus for those species possessing
it. The derived position of this group in Alabagrus (Fig. 22) does not support this view. Alabagrus would be
undefined by synapomorphies and paraphyletic if this group was removed.

A short ovipositor is the sole synapomorphy defining the remaining species of Alabagrus (Fig. 21). The
first branches of this lineage compose an unresolved tricotomy, viz. ((aa, miqa, mojos) (texanus) (voto)).
The phylogenies of these species groups are discussed separately in the following paragraphs.

The proposed monophyletic group composed of the aa, miqa and mojos species groups all share an acute
angle on the gena posteroventrally (Fig. 2e). The use of this character state at this level in the cladogram
suggests that a ventrally rugose femur (the apomorphic state of character three) (Fig. 21) was independent-
ly derived twice, once in the aa and once in the texanus species group. It is equally parsimonious to consider
character three (sculpture of the hind femur ventrally) at a higher weight than character two and the
following cladogram of species groups would result: ((aa, texanus)) (miga, mojos) (voto)). I prefer the
hypothesis presented in Fig. 21, which gives higher weight to character two (the angle of the gena, rounded
or acute), because this character has few intermediate states and is consistent intraspecifically. These
qualities are lacking in character three. Some species show just a little rugose sculpture on the hind femur
and others show variability in the character. The lack of consistency in this character makes it less reliable
as an indicator of relationship as it can be prone to losses and convergences.

The voto species group probably is not monophyletic. I believe that recognition of the species groups aa,
+ miqga + mojos and the texanus species group render it paraphyletic (Fig. 27). It is possible that these two
clades form basal lineages and that all three are monophyletic taxa, but there is no synapomorphic
evidence, for the voto group, to support this hypothesis. Figure 27 illustrates my tentative hypothesis of
relationships among the species of the voto group. It is based on the character state distributions given in
Table 6.

The texanus species group (Fig. 26, Table 5) contains those species with the hind femur rugose ventrally
(synapomorphy) and the gena rounded posteroventrally (symplesiomorphy). Rugose sculpture is hypothe-
sized to be derived independently in the aa species group and the texanus species group. The cladogram in
Fig. 26 does not reflect the sister group relationship that I believe A. texanus and A. albispina have; the two
species are almost identical except for the colour of some body parts and the degree of rugose sculpture of
the thoracic pleurae. Because most of these similarities are in continuous or measured characters they are
hard to express as character states and therefore difficult to incorporate into the cladistic analysis (Fig. 26).
This same problem led to less resolution in many of the other cladograms (Figs 22—27) as well.

Within the clade (mojos, aa, miga) (Fig. 21) the mojos group is the only one not defined by
synapomorphies. Members of the mojos group share the plesiomorphic states of those characters that
define the aa and miqa groups. The mojos group is probably paraphyletic with the exclusion of these two
groups. Figure 25 illustrates my hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships in the mojos group. This
cladogram is based on the character matrix of Table 4.

Members of the miqa species group have a strong median carinae on the first metasomal tergum (Figs
13a, b). None of the 17 members of this species group has a long ovipositor or rounded gena. This
congruence reinforces my belief that the strong carina is a character state derived but once in Alabagrus.
My preliminary hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships in the miqa species group is illustrated in the
cladogram of Fig. 24, which is based on the character matrix of Table 3.

The final species group, aa, is defined by the possession of genae with an acute angle posteroventrally
and hind femora rugose ventrally, the latter character state being a synapomorphy for the group. My
hypothesized phylogeny of this group is illustrated in Fig. 23, which is based on the character matrix of
Table 2.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 349

Key to Alabagrus females

1

8(7)

9(7')

10(9)

11(10)
12(10')
13(12)
14(13)
15(12')

16(15’)

With the following combination of characters: Ist tergum usually (85%) with longitu-

dinal rugae (Fig. 12a); gena rounded to obtuse posteroventrally (Figs 2b, c); pleura of

mesosoma densely punctate (Fig. 6b); ovipositor longer than body; propodeum

URANO I aig coda ane sa TE Besa Anas Amn eSAER screanatpe eRe Seauraceeks A. stigma(p. 401)
Without the above combination; 1st tergum without longitudinal rugae; gena variable;

pleura of mesosoma usually not densely punctate (98%); ovipositor and propodeum

“CATE DNS = 9 SR eR np re ee Re ne 2 ee ee 2
With the following combination of characters: gena rounded or obtuse posteroventrally

(Figs 2b, c, f); propodeum with carina weak or absent (not stronger than in Fig. 7b)

and lacking distinct areolae; hind femur smooth to punctate ventrally (Figs 3b, e),

rarely (2%) as punctate as in Fig. 3a; ovipositor usually (95%) equal to or longer than

pias aCe tits SILENCE AGU) SAIN aati an intnciaaieiercmddan-dé denna binan an Beata asaniernenns 3
Without the above combination of characters, one or more of the following characters

present: gena forming acute angle posteroventrally (Fig. 2c); propodeum areolate

(Figs 8d, 9b); hind femur rugose ventrally (Fig. 3c); ovipositor usually (95%) shorter

Franinocyamever more than <I <DOGVIEN OD) (a .cccc-cccncveecaseahcceddcsaiecaGameresdenensaces Zi
Memples angulate posteriorly (in dorsal view) (Fig..1D)) .....0:...:2-..200cnecoscnsnscanecceasenes 4
Pers ONATICLER MOSTCRID TUN GIG 5 LL) oe assis anianie asinrnainadsonnsrenphagndindassshanasterharesacaree 7
Fore wing banded from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (Fig. 18d);

POM ert al lel CKD SoTL CAD CAS PUIE Siiasaciseia.acied ie nas ae cians aus dats aieueise rime s rigs aeiaie saleseaincTss xa <5 5
Fore wing variously patterned, usually dark with yellow stigmal area (Fig. 17e), never

with 4 bands as above; fore tibia often with preapical spines ................cccceceeeeeeen ees 6
Scutum pale; hind wing with infuscate band at mid-length ..................... A. varius(p. 410)
Scutum black; hind wing infuscate posterodistally ....................00005 A. uchukgepi(p. 408)

Border between clypeus and gena with ridge; fore tibia without preapical spines
A. jatungepi(p. 373)
Border between clypeus and gena flat, lacking ridge; fore tibia often (80%) with

PMC SMES CCL EU MY ns on dius dint Aline ibhinds anemaen aan emnarenrsrane A. kiska(p. 375)
First metasomal tergum with two small anterolateral carinae (Fig. 12b); ovipositor at
Resear shie aS CUCUCU LCL OF Co iat etme ac da ica ccheeclariaaeTa alta n wie oi astaninnatsetcynrunsg uous wale arises we nes 8

First metasomal tergum often with anteromedial bump or ridge (Figs 14a, d, 15d),
usually (95%) lacking anterolateral carinae, but if present then ovipositor about 1-1
BE RRC a Te eis Bo Bann tog ih ily nigh Dannie en bene sedan iain Aanemangnarandr nies 9

Scutum pale; fore wing infuscate (Fig. 16) ..............ccccceceeeeeeeeees A. imitatus (pt.)(p. 370)

Scutum dark, or if pale then wings with some yellow colour (Figs 17e, 20c)

A. parvifasciatus(p. 394)

Fore wing usually with transverse yellow bands (Fig. 18c) or at least stigma yellow (Figs

LNG. LNG) a si oa is Ritts 2 92. Re Se Se ie eat ata ie A a 10
Fore wing infuscate (Fig. 16) (rarely pale at base or near stigma (Fig. 17b)) ................. 20
Metanotum lacking median areola (Fig. 5b); fore wing banded from base as follows:

MeNOW, MMMSEATe, VELOW, dLUSCAtS (E19, LEG) ooo ccspcienisanansiedusdinvaracedepuyacmsvnnnid savas « ital
Metanotum with median areola, though sometimes weak (Figs 7a, b, c, d); fore wing

NSN cays ch dl asa aausiach-naneaee aiden carmanisaceainnenaednes ass 12
SS STEEN A Me eee ee ie ee eee ERE netics wa aeineivids folselanatnia sidtinsbouioswaas A. festivus(p. 368)
SS COURT UIT) CCA Ker ear et aes nee ce oe nrc Mea hin eerrin eeeaasusmaivip'nign A. paruyana(p. 393)
Scutum much darker than propodeum; fore wing banded from base as follows: yellow,

Rast ee Moy AUER es RTO LRU secant criiacina ous ap dadooensaandanoeuasiandaammiteaays die ancis 13
Scutum usually (95%) concolorous with propodeum, if darker then fore wing not

ge EUS el Ea had Ee acd ae cre ets ac ye eee Gainey dassoemees onesie eda 15
IV Vesta | LU OI cL we eres eae ec a ayaa a a faces ele aiicels aeiaolleleiuemeainsiscidgee ase si 14
MC tapleumomimostlyammn el Amite cae ceceteteeiaot lee feiele cele iret ejeee- ec aeleisa ser A. yanamapa(p. 415)
SSN RNa act a Al clas wisi cieins Klsis wa tiuaidiaaa was ceaesamipies mins A. suni(p. 402)
STVUTUTCN TS EPSP See Sate et One en mn Nene eee nme A. laevis(p. 376)
Mesosoma black; ovipositor about 1-5 x body length; antenna black ....__ A. pisipuka(p. 395)
Mesosoma usually red, orange or brown, if black then ovipositor about equal to body

lengthantennavanablemicolouroftenmedOnOram@e oo... en eceneeteecaceec an de ince ses emn 16
Ovinostonatmostl li GDOdVHeM Sty ca acncsecteneecesees mace ceeirensstiendeldeceurre cece ncincenoseoaeeiee 17

Ovipositoratileast 1-2 x bodyilemgthy 2 .cssccccde-.cc-cesceecaneecemcecscnsee A. triangulifer(p. 405)

350
17(16)

18(17')
19(18’)
20(9")

21(20")
22(21)
23(22')

24(21’)
25(24')
26(25’)
27(2')
28(27)
29

30(29)

31(30’)
32(29’)
33(32’)
34(28")

35(34)

36(34')

MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Scutum and propodeum yellowish orange; fore wing banded from base as follows:

yellow, infuscate, yellow infuscate (Fig. 18d) .....................eeee ees A. esenbeckii(p.

Scutum and propodeum dark, reddish orange to black; fore wing lacking 4 distinct
DATOS eee la ance ta nee aeRO erent clet ceupis antec ene atn a an a Soe R CeCe ee Cone pe aEnEE
Legs brownish black, except fore tarsus yellow; scutellum with rugose, posterior ridge

CHING EXVS oy orerdl (Pie 19)0))), noes co gasnotimodacuobcosbonJe ob denoocadunsuostecwcasdose A. plaumanni(p.

Legs partly yellow, red or orange (excluding fore tarsus); scutellum with smooth,
weakly developed postenor nde (Pipl) ise..6.. 5... cescuss seca nanceenen uarae cote aeaaeeE

Flagellomeres orange; propodeum smooth (Fig. 10c) .................ceceeeeeeeee A. pago(p.
Flagellomeres black; propodeum partly rugose medially ...................... A. Ilampu(p.
eps black except part Of HMI COXA! 0.81, seccowae wove access aust cae teapeRaeen eee A. xipe(p.

Less with at least hind femur pale” 2. yoi..2. 2 cnn ges emnae te Sec adtce neces Ane et eee cee eee
Eoreandmidiemoraand allitibiac entirely pale iresqseee. peers eeeee ee saee ee ane ee ee eee ee eee eee
Fore and mid femora and some tibiae with some dark coloration ...................cec0eeeeeee

Mid tibia with more than 7 preapical spines ..................:eeeeeeeeeneee es A. xolotl (pt.) (p.

Mid'tibia with lessithan 7 preapicalspines (Fig. 3d). .0...22e. cbse ceesbeee nee oe eeereeee ance
Ovipositor much longer than body (1-3—1-4 x body length); hind tibia pale proximally

A. marginatifrons(p.
Ovipositor about equal to body length; hind tibia black proximally .......... A. uchuk(p.

Fore wing yellowish-hyaline in basal 0-6 and infuscate distally (Figs 19a, d); 1st

metasomal terguim ereatly raised medially 0. 0.27.5-0.2.. ievccecevn vee ie geet A. pecki(p.

Fore wing usually (98%) infuscate (Fig. 16), rarely lighter basally (Fig. 17c) but then
firstmetasomal tergumnot greatly raised) «Fo. csa cnc ven erence bere c ons tmeee san tens eeeeee ees
Frons with very weak marginal carinae (Fig. 1d); number of flagellomeres less than 40

A. masneri(p.

Frons with well-developed marginal carina (Fig. 1a); number of flagellomeres usually
(85a) miore than 40 ter. cees cee coe etee cece ce ce ace sree eee eee eeM-se cece steumaceee ee ee eee eRemeee

Scutum black; ovipositor 1-0—1-2 x bodylength ........................ A. sanctus (pt.) (p.
Scutum often (60%) pale; ovipositor 1-3—1-4 x body length......... A. imitatus (pt.) (p.

First metasomal tergum with sharply defined median longitudinal ridge (at least as
pronotinced as in. Pigs 136) iii ccosecersbesntenes sciedete-ince che aebee tetnce dene: noeeee he eee eee
First metasomal tergum lacking sharply defined median longitudinal ridge, rather, con-
vex, or with anteromedial bump, or flat, or with weak median ridge (Figs 14b, 15d)
Propodeum smooth (Fig. 10c) or with carinae very weak (Fig. 11c) ...................eeeeeee
Propodeum with distinct carinae (Figs 9a=G) a: nol e5. esos eee ee ee
First metasomal tergum less than 1-3 x longer than wide (Fig. 13b) .....................0.00
First metasomal tergum more than 1-3 X longer than wide (Fig. 11a) .........................
Fore wing evenly infuscate except for some yellow on stigma distally (similar to Fig.

17e); 1st metasomal tergum 1-3 x wider than long ....................00002000 A. miga(p.

Fore wing banded (Fig. 18d); 1st metasomal tergum at most 1-1 x wider than long .......
Third metasomal tergum with deep transverse groove (Fig. 13b); ovipositor equal to

lempth ObmMetasOMla ts. 5 «a2 ines capest we cedehoact Dewees ome eca ana Meee eeeee ae A. shorteri(p.

Third metasomal tergum lacking transverse groove (Fig. 14d); ovipositor about equal to

bodylenSthitce.05.c.cc2uneneeocberte tee tere scene etter eee ecee ae ecncmeneee eens A. Iatreillei(p.

Metapleuron and propodeum melanic; metasoma elongate, 2nd plus 3rd tergum about

2 OrSlonsentham wid emes-cesnccateere eee tetce-ckteceens-tesacenemer ccs A. leptosoma(p.

Metapleuron and propodeum yellow; metasoma not elongate, 2nd plus 3rd tergum
about. °3'X longer than wide reesei se ketcee ere cece naceie cee see eee os ec eee eee ee

Propodeum and anterior metasoma yellow ....................:seceeeeeeeee eee ees A. janzeni(p.
Propodeum and anterior metasomatred 27...........0+.2ec0ec+ecsneeee A. tripartitus (pt.) (p.

First metasomal texpum wider thamlome 2557.28.07. tec. tee... cate aeceseones eaeae- ae cee
First metasomal tergum as long as or longer than wide ..................0.ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeees
Propodeal sculpture greatly reduced, posterior 0-5 of lateral longitudinal carina much

weaker than posterior transverse carina (Fig. 10b); hind femur not swollen, more

than)3-s><longemthanhwid pessayeeeetee eset rece ner eeeener ec nceeet cee taee A. wachapu(p.

Propodeal sculpture well defined (Fig. 9b); hind femur swollen, less than 3-2 x longer

thanwide (Fig. 3) *.<s-c-cuccseccecae cree eee reece eRe ene ee eee A. latisoma(p.

Middle lobe of scutum strongly elevated, much higher than lateral lobes (Fig. Sf)

Rae aera Serge REE om Aner nt tess arn Seria a canta thdlendetietoeeccteds A. elatoscutum(p.

ial

37(36')

38(37)

39(37')

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS

Middle lobe of scutum about as high as lateral lobes (Fig. 5e) .................ccececeeceeeeeeees
mmcnremi Rime Se ate (Migia EG) che acs ciscteceeonnesnneweT i eae eed ko et eds SOTERA led
Fore wing with 2 pale transverse bands (Fig. 18d) (bands weak in some specimens but in

these a weak pale band is present distal to the stigma) .................csceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ees
Apex of scutellum with rough transverse ridge (Fig. 8d); hind femur rugose ventrally

Ra ea Mesa rsd hires ditiraaid, Tes wl DAWU A Oem Ret Ne UNG ARTS rks cette des Janes A. coatlicue(p.

Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking ridge (Fig. 7d); hind femur smooth ventrally (Fig.

eh reece eee cts st erated ldirdouie shan tataas evinraahcawmtaten Saw dias bn See a See eee A. maya(p.
Third metasomal tergum with transverse depression (Fig. 13b) A. tripartitus (pt.) (p.

Third metasomal tergum lacking transverse depression (Fig. 14d) .....................:0.00e

40(27", 39) Fore wing yellow or clear basally, infuscate distally (Figs 17c, 18e, 19d) ..................

41(40)

42(40")
43(42)

44(42')

45(44")
46(41')
47(46)
48(47)
49(47')
50(49’)
51(50’)
52(51')
53(46’)
54(53)
55(53’)
56(55)
57(56’)

58(57’)
59(58)

Fore wing not as above, either infuscate or banded, or infuscate with yellow stigmal area

(espe AGRO C) Bark heeee eats Meee ITE, <a cence PR Le Te Rats
Propodeum smooth (Fig. 10a, c), lacking closed areolae but sometimes with weak

AMAIA ACS (ERO LLC) wiz ACs ceo ets SO a Ia ae RN ea eee ac Se RST IESE CRBS Aisles
Propodeum with carinae and at least 1 closed areola (Figs 8c, d) .............ccceeeeeeeeneee ees
rere nbian Teta NVI ier. cuca CeCe e cee Cote CREDO Conc TORE RCO ae Cec .Sce cc acco eoe, Soe ee
CTT! JE) ites obec Rec coo RBEe COUR SECC eC eLEe Care EE h irc ian ocr ae Pea ton a

Sternaulus reduced, composed of 2 foveae posteroventrally (Fig. Sf) ...... A. porteri(p.

Sternaulus well developed, composed of 5 or more foveae and longer than 0-5 X length

PRS MLCUIOM ATIC. 42). cucnnvareressoesresccnvarsaveseesasedresenebievdves A. levipodium(p.

Hind coxa with black patch laterally; sternaulus 0-3 x length of mesopleuron (Fig. 4e)

A. aymara(p.

Hind coxa entirely pale; sternaulus at least 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (Fig. 4a) .........
Propodeum concolorous with metapleuron; median areola of metanotum well exca-

vated with raised posterior margin (Fig. 7a) ............:scceeeeeeeeeeeeneeeees A. waiwai(p.

Propodeum paler than metapleuron; median areola of metanotum not excavated,

lacking raised postenor margin (Fig: Sb) orice ies he A. solox(p.

Gena rounded or with obtuse angle posteroventrally (Figs 2b, ¢) ...............ccccceeeee eens
Genaacuteornehtansled posteroventrally (Figs 2d e) (00s. si.c2e. 2.00.8 Be sidew ewes dence ol
MeN nemip ales (ello ane cima, seeemncitss,.heaveaceseeien ate easel eee Seek ReReaeemN teen sess
Setwnuian ane! enone lonconysanet ol (C18) eer oet Choe an ceABee ioe COREE AC ote aL COtoc or hice ECE rec ercACEE RoE e eee

Ovipositor shorter than metasoma; head black ...................ccececeeeeneees A. masoni(p.
Ovipisotor longer than metasoma; head pale .......................04. A. maculipes (pt.) (p.
Brepodeumiand hind femur black: <y.i0...0.00.000ccccvacvcceseoncoacsddetiedcerdsess A. chimu(p.

Bropodeumiand hin difemitinaran ge eis atiimessseecactedseses aesetacened secon sec deles cease eld wc o's

Lundtenursmoothiventrally (BigsS©) tite .sis.)..c.sedae.diee seecees.c eee A. roibasi (pt.) (p.

Eluncikemiunnus dsevemtrally, (ies SC)ies asec chlivncwddees to ccagedeeM dedtctr ccbladasaceeeeeres. stints.
Hind femur swollen, 2-7 x longer than wide; Ist tergum of metasoma 0-7 < longer than

WIG eS atendaet be cater Cree er reece chic: Sc Ler thas ana Sacer cherie ORT RR OTA RaC aac eee A. nicoya(p.

Hind femur not swollen, more than 3-1 x longer than wide; lst tergum of metasoma
Man OWenr- ANON DAS VIG EAS LOM Pia aetna aeee kcal aeeeeenes mame t ce acecee na eeek ceeoneee as aceessss

Hind tibia with more than 9 spines (Fig. 3f) ...............0sc.seeceeeeeses A. nahuatl (pt.) (p.
und) tilpiai withilessthan|9Spimesices teak. taccadesctscasescacessoecsececeses A. albispina (pt.) (p.

Eunchiemurnsnsose ventrally (igsde) ws .dgceueet leeged. Wh Aah ldo each eee aes oh
PMG Temunsmoothiventrally,(EiesSb Ae) saeqestsstece ceed ce tends ec tea eas Sone aceacka des

SES OTE a Ener eC ee te en Ce Pee Re hor eee ee a A. warrau(p.
SYeU (lian Taale) EIN NCle ganmpovpenpey deen co oR nenecunT oe Seaco”cacecthactc 10sec boa anon A. nigrilitus (pt.) (p.
Mesosoma, excluding appendages, melanic .................0.:0.c0eeee A. nigrilitus (pt.) (p.

Mesosoma with at least propodeum and metapleuron pale ..................6c0cceceeeeeeee eens

Scutumiandimesopleuronmelamic) sci.) testte. steve cd teee wee. sten ss caceaten comets A. waorani(p.

Sema MESO pletnem pale: ay. WAS esammen saa Aeon. ORR RR ecko
Scutum with median longitudinal ridge absent or very weak (Figs 7a, 8c)

A. cara (pt.)(p.

Scutum with median longitudinal ridge well defined (Fig. 7d) ...............ccccecceeeece neers
UMCCaKcStIntKC LyapeNe Heth s MORO: Galea te Masts sa ween). Meese eed onde UREN ldeenmoeddes
Elindicoxapale withimelamicspotoubwandly: samc serscsecseeedsereesseeeterertecee seat saec crear.

All trochanters black; ovipositor 0-7 X body length ........................5. A. sispacara(p.
Trochanters of fore and mid legs pale; ovipositor 0:5 x body length ........... A. cuna(p.

351

352
60(58')

61(60’)
62(61’)

63(40’)

64(63)
65(64’)
66(65')
67(66)
68(67')
69(66’)
70(69')
71(70)
72(71')
73(72')

74(70')

75(74)

76(75')
71(73")
78(77’)

79(63’)
30(79)

81(80)

MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Fore and midilessientinelypaleiessss--eeeeeeee oe eeee ee eee ee A. cara(p.
Fore,and mid legs mosthy mel amiies:.s2%5.hiciga.ni-bodied ins on cinne Spt a dee ae de eee sss Jee
Mid coxa pale esas 28 comaiuinseie-sdied. cies Bb oe eae ees A. cara(p.
Mid coxa melamic 5. .n.c..sced deeetned had aude nse SebeeBR es Ai + aaah onieee demeameee eedeee eee
Fore wing gradually darkening towards apex (Fig. 17c) ..............0.:02s0eee ee A. cocto(p.
Fore wing with apical dark band sharply defined (Fig. 19d) ................... A. yaruro(p.

Propodeum smooth or at least lacking closed areolae and with carina reduced (not
Sion sex Thamin Pie Je) cident datas k das oeteeyasemnntinntenacn dees scieaSeereleas eco tee eee
Propodeum with well-defined carina and at least 1 closed areola (Figs 7b, d, 9a, d)........

First metasomal tergum wider than long .......................sceeeeeeeeeeeee eens A. kagaba(p.

First metasomal tergum as long as wide or longer ................02cseeeeeceeneceeeeueceeeenen seers

Third metasomal tergum with deep transverse groove (Fig. 13b) ....... A. tupinamba(p.

Third metasomal tergum lacking deep transverse groove (Fig. 14d) ..................::20e
Forewing infuscate (Hig16) iiss sconces cgrak arte nadcaet tbs Ansickin Sw eee See eee eee
Fore wing patterned with light areas (Figs 19a—d) ................seeseeeeceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeerees

SetitUBMOFANGES: Lui. <Aeeeds meee ke eaeueae ata teeda seat. BS eee ses A. mataco (pt.) (p.

Scutum brownitoiblack.cgsivaes noes venesnteoacontews sand ehaunyees ck sete eee eoeee Suee er eee ee ee eee
Propodeum with trace of median longitudinal carina, lacking trace of anterior median

arcola(Rig.Gi)\s.2:3 net ete Pe as eee A. erythromelas (pt.)(p.

Propodeum lacking trace of median longitudinal carina, with trace of anterior median

areolad( Pig: AQ) sc sss-io lee eat maetateate neha atr oceans nese eee A. nigrilitus (pt.)(p.

First metasomal tergum with large longitudinal bump (larger than in Fig. 15d)

A. latreillei(p.

First metasomal tergum lacking pronounced bump, often convex (Fig. 14c) or with

small bump (not longer than in Figs 14), d))asijss0c.sccanv. sondeadscwescecas deans soe
Fore wing with 1 light band or 2 pale areas (Figs 18c, 19b, 20d) .......... 00. ce ee eeeeeeee eee ees
Fore wing with 2 distinct pale bands\(Figs 18d; 20a): <3..:ccc5.cseulssseotaaa. dneendoesane ees

Fore wing infuscate with stigma partially yellow (Fig. 17e) ............. A. mataco (pt.)(p.

Fore: wing with more pale colon ic.siiiz ts cneieeees eee asta eee

Fore wine withiliclearband (Bie aili/a) asset sencaecteee sere eeeeee renee eae eeeeee A. uru(p.

Forewing with 2 cleanaréas (Fig. 19), «cnc onneaess sews ek eee eee eee ee
Large specimens, body length more than 9-0 mm; hind coxa mostly pale with black

outwardly; hind femur reddish orange ....................c0ceeceeeeeees A. sispalatreillei(p.

Smaller specimens, body length less than 8-5 mm; hind coxa and femur concolorous

OumbwardlyC DIACK) ii: cacsanisncteeae Ae Lae eeedanks «see See eee ee A. parusimi(p.

Suture between metepisternum and metepimeron usually (80%) smooth (Fig. 4f), if
with short ridges these are weak (Fig. 5d) and ovipositor less than 2-5 X length of hind
POMIMUT 5 ops aicien sting «xarchinsdsConetae sadtelinatte Jame in gh oe eee cect 8 eta a ae

Suture between metepisternum and metepimeron traversed by short ridges (Figs Sc, e),
ovipositorgreater.than2-5 x lengthofhiad-femurs:.:ccicutean- 1. e.teeees <- eee eee

Hind coxa entirely yellow, body of mesosoma pale, except parts of pronotum, prop-

odeumiand proplewron melaMmic ...ojies.2cqn cnet oe ee ee A. misa(p.

Hind coxa usually (95%) partly melanic; mesosoma not with the above colour combina-
HOMERS ca Gth die on.s ceasiyan domidsivwnteaggusiauninn Jueelegwa hired alo SUPRISE Oe

Ovipositorabout2)<jleneth othindifenwigess-eesee eee eee eee A. lokono(p.
Ovipositor about 3 X length of hind femur .........................0c0eceseeeee A. haenschi(p.
Eluinddemur cupose ventrally (iig..3e))cas..cnassaecerincs tries coebanrettaecceee A. caudatus(p.

Hind femur smooth ventrally (Bip. 36): mus eseceecaessenstctine<aenensaaanaceiaeeeset SURE aoee eee

Scutellum with sharply defined posterior transverse ridge (Fig. 8d) .......... A. mojos(p.

Scutellum with posterior transverse ridge weak and smooth or absent (Figs 7d, 8a)

A. pachamama (pt.) (p.

Fore wing patterned with yellow or clear areas (Figs 19a—d); if only clear markings

present itheseare notrestricted to wing base \-%;-4e- ene see Saas
Fore wing infuscate (Fig. 16) or rarely (2%) clear basally (Fig. 18e) ..................2:eeeeee
Fore wing with 1 clear or 1 yellow band and infuscate basally (Fig. 17a) ....................5-
Fore wing with 2 pale areas or none or only stigma area pale (Figs 17e, 20a, d); fore wing

usually:(90%) paleibasallly. ... 5. <cc.c2::.8oeeeeenes Pes kena eee eed cee Pee ee eee
Antennal flagellum yellow apically, melanic basally ...................cceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees
Antennal flagellum entirely melanie Ssssneseee: 26ers eee ees Lesher

82(81)
93(81’)
84(83’)
85(80’)
86(85)
87(86')

88(87’)
89(85’)
90(89)
91(90’)

92(91)

93(91’)
94(93’)
95(94)
96(90)
97(95")

98(97’)

99(98’)
100(99’)

101(94')

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS

Gripositor 0-6=0-7 * body lemgth.... 5... citi dledscideenwstoleneandeadewaeens A. parunaupi(p.
Srapasitor0-9— 1-0). body lenge (0) Ride ee eek Dic cas ide getvaceetddaedaweg A. aa(p.

Fore wing clear apically (Fig. 18a); metapleuron rugose in ventral 0-7 (Fig. 4c)

A. semialbus(p.

Fore wing usually (98%) infuscate apically; metapleuron mostly smooth with some
MASA AMGEN ATENOS CEDAR) MRO, cack elvwnbsedees ccc emels dt lida dduwabhid stiedlevUbe tices conees

CHIEN LAGKIEE Sager dt re veninadetecnasinwacnsascatnsantiapinasthdame nna ddedunes seaeineses A. tricarinatus(p.
SLUG ELOWISHM GLAM PER Vitec dmaeccats vcces soece coh ehrodeduddeadddowbitucitentes otic A. mataco(p.

Fore wing with 2 yellow bands both complete to hind margin (Figs 18d, 20a) (do not
include here specimens with incomplete bands asin Fig. 19c) ..............ccccceeeeeeeeeees
Fore wing infuscate with stigmal area only or stigma area and basal area both clear or
Pan NO HANOI PONY AUNCL Vhs Sipe wtb ibin cc Rochen ein duepenbd sae Lbihek nd np tobne duds atdeeyebinedain ade

Genzrounded posteroventrally (Fig: 2D): .i.0c. ec occcen soak il dee catdedeadeldaa sen cable A. voto(p.

Gena acute or right angled posteroventrally (Figs 2d, €) ............scceeeeeeeeeeeceeceeneeneenes
Scutum usually yellow (90%), if black, then scutellum with posterior transverse ridge

sharply defined and/partly rugose (Fig. 8d) ...........cccctcsteecesecncesecseeee A. mojos(p.

Scutum black, scutellum with weak, smooth, posterior transverse ridge (Fig. 7d) .........
Ovipositor 0-9 x body length; hind femur 4-6 x longer than wide; antenna with less

Mb ceae CNA SHI OINIOH OS: ve canaeet saute see eer stecs cect ne clave alee mois meni A. pachamama (pt.)(p.

Ovipositor 0-6 x body length; hind femur 3-5 x longer than wide; antenna with more

MUR Othe CLL RIS ELES safe teie eleehne toe wis-to aia etyaeis auntceleclaigase ne siaqrosae sonia dere A. maue(p.

Genaniemt-an¢ledioracute posteriorly (Figs 2d, ie) ii vns. 5 eet tian dice cecest adie seewes
Gena rounded or with obtuse angle posteriorly (Figs 2b, C) .............cccecceceeeeeee sense ees

Hind tibia with more than 15 spines (Fig. 3f) .................00ceeeee es A. versicolor (pt.) (p.

ERRICE HED WITNESS TAREE SSPINES: o.i00 204 dE as ace on oseeweeelnone tuk sab ld Web aead Desde Mewdnwne
Mesopleuron melanic immediately below sternaulus and pale above; hind femur with
large, sparse, rugose punctures ventrally (Fig. 3b); ovipositor about 0-8 = body
NTL EE career e acme. Ameena ate a sladiems ta taickeriadatron desde dda ntnidcsiatuatonete dee denne elects ane
Mesopleuron variable, if similar to above then femur very smooth ventrally (Fig. 3e);
GmiMOstOnlensth VablabDlereviccassancsanaiacsdeseughecoeace te trcuece eee seades oo eete eae mena

Scutellum with smooth, weak, rounded, transverse ridge (Fig. 7d) ...... A. puri (pt.) (p.

Scutellum with sharply defined, strong, often rugose, transverse ridge (Fig. 8d)

A. intimapa(p.

Metapleuron entirely rugose (more than in 4c); hind femur rugose ventrally (Fig. 3c);

tstmetasonmial tergum wider thamlong)......56:..cd.scccseccscddetuecuccssadesseees A. alixa(p.

Metapleuron mostly smooth (Fig. 4d); hind femur variable, usually (80%) smooth (Fig.
3e); 1st metasomal tergum as wide as long Or MArrOWET .............6..cc cece eceeceeeeeeeeees
Deep transverse depressions present between 2nd and 3rd metasomal terga and at mid
femoth OF 2nd termumy (Ete: DLA EAN Rech I, SR I daw vedeaae
Deep depressions not present between 2nd and 3rd metasomal terga nor at mid length
of 2nd tergum, though these depressions often weakly indicated (Fig. 15a) ..............
Third tergum of metasoma with transverse groove at mid length (Fig. 13b) .................
iid tersim smooth, lacking tramsverse GrOOVE ..../...4.cececcuee este etvadeatsenestausesconseces

Hind femur more than 4-0 x longer than wide .....................0.0ceeeee A. puri (pt.)(p.
Hind femur less than 3-5 x longer than wide ..................0c0cceeeeeeeees A. watachupa(p.

Hind leg entirely composed of pale colours (yellow-red); mesopleuron mostly black

except rarely (10%) pale ventrally: o.0iisc.decsadewcesttias ueeunciveboddeabien A. caingang(p.

Hind leg usually (95%) partly melanic (dark brown-black), if hind leg entirely pale then
mesopleuron with more pale colour than above 1.0.2.0. ci. ici ce caseeas ecadeedieeseasens

Antenna paler in colour than head; mesosoma reddish brown ............ A. puri (pt.) (p.

Antenna variable, usually (70%) concolorous with head; mesosoma bicoloured, meta-
pleuron and propodeum orange, remainder black ....................cccecceceee eens eeeeneees

ime femur rusose ventrally (Fig. Se) wcniinc.cawiwonwnvacascesaevegsedscaclelacdtese A. calibi(p.

Find femursmoothiventrally (hig9S@))s.c-cceece a cuecteses-c: seeassece see eossencebe seteeccree ene ces
Ovipositor 0-6 x body length; scutellum with sharply defined posterior transverse ridge

(o) eystol) Nie aeen 8 Ws Rate ee eed re ae ee ee ee A. mocovi(p.

Ovipositor 0-9 x body length; scutellum with weakly defined posterior transverse ridge

CERI en mremce earns reheat, AERP Le A WR ARRAS A. muisca(p.

Fhe femur smooth ventrally (Fic: S@). so .2..0-.d.eeltetaced clack poveedsaveewevcantwanucesiaceeseens

354

102(101’)
103(102)
104(103)
105(104’)
106(100')
107(106')
108(107’)
109(89')

110(109’)

111(79’)

112(111')
113(112)
114(113)
115(112)

116(115)

117(116")
ea 9)
HT
120(119)
ws

122(121’)

MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Lund femur rugose ventrally, (Pig. 3): 3é.:..xensza.,-dh beara etaced. 06. balinceee seas aaeeee ee
Mesopleuron partly or entirely melanic (brown to black) ................:ccccceceeceeeneeeeeees
Mesopleuronientirely pale,(yellow toorange))ases.:20ed..c.c ds weet new ennactinae ac eee ewe

Rropodeumiandimetapleuron orange Omyellowsnsaeeee-eeeeeee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee
Propodeumand metapleusoniblackies e183. gosth-<2 seed estas doen coer A. parusimi(p.
Propodeum almost smooth (Figs 10a, c); proximal 0-5 of hind femur melanic, distal 0-5
paloteks Acme hea ee Senet haar s setae! aati Oe ae A. pachamama (pt.) (p.
Propodeum with strong sculpture and well-defined areolae (Fig. 7d); hind femur
entinely, OAM pS is rseetis RSE, SAS A. variegatus(p.
Hinditrochanter darker thanicoxaiandifemug -ij0=. ice sheeee Msenteceences A. fuscistigma(p.
Hind trochanter concolorous with coxa and femur .................... A. botocudo (pt.) (p.

Mesopleuron darker than metapleuron; fore and mid femora melanic; hind leg with

trochantendarkerthanicoxatandifemiuin ease see eeee ee eee eee eee eee ee A. calibi(p.

Mesopleuron concolorous with metapleuron; all femora yellow; hind leg entirely pale
(yellow-orange) wors.ctene. see. ee cag. malt. etal 2.5 AO endear eee eee

Scutellum smooth posteriorly, lacking transverse ridge (Fig. 8a) ............. A. oyana(p.

Scutellum with sharply defined, rugose transverse ridge (Fig. 8d) ...............ccceceeeeee ees
Hind coxa entirely pale; gena right-angled posteroventrally (Fig. 2d)

A. botocudo (pt.) (p.

Hind coxa with black area laterally; gena acute posteroventrally (Fig. 2e)

A. testaceus(p.
Hind tibia with more than 15 spines (Fig. 3f) ....................c0000e: A. versicolor (pt.) (p.
Hind tibia.withiless thamGspimesiges-assaes-eeeeee sce ceeee ease eae eee ee eee eee ener
Hind leg with coxa, trochanter and femur pale, concolorous ................ A. guayaki(p.
Hind leg with coxa, trochanter or femur melanic in part, segments not concolorous
A. juchuy(p.
Eindifemunnueose ventrally (Gig es) eet aecerest aesesdsseee- eeeee eee oe eerste ee eee ere eee
Hind femur mostly smooth ventrally, with weak punctures (Figs 3b, e€) ..................605-
Gena acute or right angled posteroventrally (Figs 2d, €) .............:ecssceeeseeeecneeeneeeeeees
Gena rounded posteroventfallyi(ig. 2D) ......2...22200-5. See eeeeeee eh eeeind Seca eee
Scutum pale (yellow toorange) (disse. scat tase scewenie, Hoeaeee al peng See A. olmec(p.

Scutammelanic(brownito black) \sessisesscescseeetees eaten eee eae eee eee eee
Propodeum lacking closed anterior median areola but with long median longitudinal

carina (sculpture often weaker than in Fig. 6f) ................. A. erythromelas (pt.) (p.

Propodeum with anterior median areola at least weakly indicated but lacking median

longitudinalhearina (Figs 7d 106) icc? tnckes atte cocky Apeaseeeeeckt A. nigrilitus (pt.) (p.

Scutumspale (yellowito orange) pesaces sence ree pee ee seen eee eee ee
Scutumpmelanie((brownitolblacks) its sencnceee saceben eee: ees eeaeee serene ee eee eee eee
Epicnemium with posteroventral margin greatly curled (examine area behind fore

COXA) (Hig 58) msdn conaanterieete Sateen paket ied Lecce cen aeees eee sere A. varipes(p.

Epicnemium with posteroventral margin unmodified (Fig. 5d) ...............:cccceeeenee sense
Head pale (yellow to orange); fore wing often (70%) more infuscate apically than

baSallly.(Big sl 7¢)«: sanecek ecm. ceenaae eee eee ee eee A. maculipes (pt.) (p.

Head melanic (brown to black); fore wing as infuscate basally as apically (Fig. 16)

A. carib(p.

Mid tibia with more than 10 preapical spines; hind femur more than 4 x longer than

WRG tess scteciaae senor ets «ce eerie tan dares ste ace erat ee en a A. xolotl (pt.)(p.

Not with the above combination of characters, usually (90%) less than 10 preapical

Spines omni tab iay ss Soecs Setvge Uae ee seen see ee eee
Hindifemurwideslessithans-3>alonpenthaniwid 6 gsee-e--eee esse seeee ese eee eee eee eee
Hind femur narrower, more than 3-3 X longer than Wide ................cececeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeees
Sternaulus well impressed, foveolate 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (Fig. 4a); ovipositor

0;6=0/sXabodylempith ss <decceaaeneeceh se ccieci deste eee eee A. roibasi (pt.) (p.
Sternaulus reduced to few foveae posteroventrally (Fig. 5f), less than 0-5 x length of

mesopleuron; ovipositor 0-8—0-9 xX body length ..................ceceeeeeeeeeee ees A. nio(p.
Third metasomal tergum with distinct transverse groove (Fig. 13b) ....... A. mixcoatl(p.

Third metasomal tergum without transverse SrOOVE .............0eeeeeeeeec ee ee ec eeeeeeeeeeeeeens
Fore wing lighter basally than apically (Fig. 17d); gena expanded posteroventrally (Fig.

PD) Be Mane eer ne Aeon seca ca ace mM ence coat soeeaanesooososcecoreoce A. diegeli(p.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 355

= Fore wing evenly infuscate (Fig. 16); gena not greatly expanded posteroventrally (Fig.

Boo) cack gtede ee aceeh dea a daw aed SPoceo 6 entre hase Ac ee 123
123(122))= (Genalevenly rounded posteriorly (Fig. 2D) io. 0... ceccccenco-ceeeeeeeeeeee A. sanctus (pt.) (p. 398)
- Genalanpulatepostetiorly (Hip, 2c) ecco: mceceaseenes. aecees soe eackinsesenen oe A. arua(p. 358)
IOs ln Genalacite posteroventrally (PIP. 26). sides. seni as sqececisnsetanils cae ceeciscierepceesecemecaeonsesases: 125
- tie eOHUGed POSCLOVENITAlY (PIE) 20) nor.c. civ gscasccarswicoctcestuccrsaccrapesqncasosernnaes 128
ae HIN (YATE (VEMOW LOOLAIPE) 20. ceca ccc. seccnpcnecececsctecercnemrscsvetcasenecadectuccnnesesan 126
- Semin el anc ((DLOWMLOIDIACK) -aeewteere cece atte tee tee ccs sneer ase ccceacinccd oofa ates ast oso.0 127
126(125) Metanotum with hind margin of median areola not elevated (smooth and flush with
ALE@ AONE) (EEG OG) iacsce eases dada ncdetece cis aevaaeaeeetc tee senat deme cs A. caquetio(p. 361)
- Metanotum with hind margin of median areola elevated (raised above level of areola
GSTS) LE O10.) ls SR SA ia er: A ra Se RPE AA ED A. arawak (pt.)(p. 357)

127(125’) Propodeum with anterior median areola often (85%) long, narrow and triangular with
poorly defined lateral borders (Fig. 9d); 1st metasomal tergum more than 1-3 x
LOM Ceti ralm Wide (Into: TSG) t. aepecsecce-ca. cst cane sceenenoseenere state A. arawak (pt.)(p. 357)
- Propodeum with anterior median areola usually pentagonal and not much longer than
wide (Fig. 7d); lst metasomal tergum less than 1-3 x longer than wide
A. nigrilitus (pt.) (p. 389)

128(124’) Hind femur wide, 3-1 x longer than wide or less .....................0665 A. nahuatl (pt.) (p. 388)
- Iinditentur narrower, 3-5 longer than wide Or MOL «..-......c:-sccecceccscsss-ccecssarmcsense 129
Be eee eI CASO AAI DLACK Seca. soc eeceatsmaneecs shes. deuccesescactercdsesccsesstasScuecstustyeaetsueseagescs 130
- Mctasomeapanthypale distal yyy. assent. ontee dese csa tone sal -oomce aeseek saumae yee nackien ccs cele 131
mu ras) Sternaulus reaching epicnemium (Fig. 11f) ............ 0.0. .steeeeedestaeds A. ekchuah(p. 366)
- Sternaulus shorter, not reaching epicnemium (Fig. 4a) ...................0008 A. ixtilton(p. 372)

131(125’) Hind coxa usually black (97%); hind femur 3-5—3-7 x longer than wide; palpi usually
Shellac] CS) ie Mal ae aia he ena oat tpn eRe OS RENE A. albispina (pt.)(p. 356)

- Hind coxa usually red or orange (95%); hind femur 3-9—4-2 x longer than wide; palpi
aS HAbI Ky DIE e(CB Ha)" oneSe carmen eeiscee SUSe dee nde enH Bee canddmad ton Gack es Aa Ors eee 132

132(131’) Metapleuron rugose in ventral 0-5 or more (Fig. 4c); ovipositor more than 0-6 x body
IX318(37 311 arciab opted qeedaddogudaticlae Goadlabrscudhdhoaadicoedsenc tear Onc acctes cacnacecEsEe A. texanus(p. 403)

- Metapleuron mostly smooth with some rugae on ventral margin (Fig. Sf); ovipositor less
iran) Gere DOCYVLEMOE ance erete seater ee eettatsmece en teas cceeeaet One cadnasess A. cora(p. 364)

Alabagrus aa sp. n.
(Map 5)

Hovoryre 9. Colour. Yellow except black as follows: antenna except distal third, hind tibia distally, hind
_ tarsus; fore wing infuscate with yellowish clear band in apical third quarter (cf. Fig. 17a, but with yellow
_ stigma).

| Head. Antenna with 35 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.
_ Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d), median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar
furrow mostly smooth with weak median longitudinal carina present posteriorly (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of
scutellum smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); sternaulus represented by several foveae
| posteroventrally and smooth groove 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4f, but groove smoother);
| border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with
| several crenulae along ventral margin; propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina absent (cf. Fig. 9b);
| mid tibia with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur weakly rugose ventrally (cf.
| Fig. 3b); 4-2 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig.
14a); 1st tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-2 X longer than wide; neither 2nd nor 3rd
| tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 15a); ovipositor 0-9 x body length, 2-9 x length of hind femur.
Length. 5:2 mm.

VARIATION @. The sole paratype as in holotype except apex of scutellum with transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a).
See remarks section of A. parunaupi.

| DisTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 5. Ecuador and Peru.
Holotype @, Peru: Loreto, Previsto, Cord. Azul, 850 m, 20.v.1965 (Schunke) (BMNH).
Paratype. Ecuador: 1 2, Dureno, 150 m, 23—28.ix.1977 (Pena) (AE]).

356 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY
Alabagrus albispina (Cameron) comb. n.
(Figs 4a, 18e, Map 18)
Agathis albispina Cameron, 1887: 399. Holotype 0’, Mexico (BMNH) [examined].

Hovotyre ©’. Colour. Black, orange-red and yellow; antenna slightly lighter than head; palpi yellow; head
and mesosoma black except notauli, lateral and posterior borders of most thoracic sclerites, metanotum,
propodeum, metapleuron and mesepimeron orange-red; fore and mid legs black except tarsi yellow; hind
leg orange except trochanter black and coxa black ventrolaterally; fore wing clear basally, gradually more
infuscate distally (Fig. 18e).

Head. Antenna with 40 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
well impressed (Fig. 4a); scutum with median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow with median
longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with irregular transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7a); sternaulus
foveolate, 0:5 x length of mesopleuron (Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and metepimeron
crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with rugae in ventral third and on margins (Fig. 4a);
propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina absent (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 4 preapical spines; hind
tibia with 7 apical spines; hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c), 3-6 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st
tergum with weak longitudinal median carina in anterior half (cf. Fig. 14d); 1st tergum 1-2 x longer than
wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd
tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d).

Length. 7-3 mm.

FEMALES. Generally less coarsely sculptured than males especially on metapleuron and propodeum;
ovipositor 0-7—0-9 x body length, about 3-1 x length of hind femur.

VARIATION 9 ©’. Fore and mid tarsi partly to entirely yellow; palpi rarely (2%) black; mesosoma evenly
black anterior to propodeum; hind coxa varies from entirely black to with black restricted to anterolateral
regions; fore wing usually completely infuscate (cf. Fig. 16); hind femur partly or completely black;
sternaulus can be complete to epicnemium, especially in males; metapleuron with rugae restricted to
ventral third or extended to cover ventral two-thirds (Fig. 4a or cf. Fig. 4c); posterior transverse ridge of
scutellum often weak; hind femur 3-6—4-0 x longer than wide; length 5-7—8-6 mm; metasomal tergum 1 as
long as wide to 1-3 X longer than wide; rise anteromedially on 1st tergum variable, always weak (cf. Figs
14b, 14d); 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-1—1-3 x longer than wide.

REMARKS. Very similar to A. texanus but differing from that species as follows: hind coxa wholly or partly
black, palpi usually (98%) yellow; metapleuron with rugae restricted to ventral half in all females and most
males (90%).

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 18. Widespread throughout Mexico, through Central
America to the Caribbean countries of South America.

Holotype ©’, Mexico: Yucatan, Guamer, Valladolid (BMNH). [Holotype very dirty, one hind leg
missing after femur and the other glued to label. ]

Specimens that I have determined are in the following institutions: AEI, AMNH, BMNH, FSCA, MCZ,
MSUE, RNHL, TAMU, UCB, USNM.

Alabagrus alixa sp. n.
(Map 22)

Hototype @. Colour. Black, reddish orange and orange; orange as follows: palpi, fore and mid tarsus, part
of hind tarsus and part of metasomal laterotergites, and sterna 1—4; reddish orange as follows: meta-
pleuron, propodeum; hind coxa, hind femur, and hind tibia in proximal fifth; metasomal terga 1—3 reddish
orange mixed with some black mottling; fore wing mostly infuscate, clear in basal third and behind stigma
(cf. Fig. 19c but with melanic stigma).

Head. Antenna with 43 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow mostly
smooth with weak hint of several longitudinal carinae; apex of scutellum with strong smooth transverse
ridge (cf. Fig. 8d); sternaulus long, complete to epicnemium, composed of large crenulae (cf. Fig. 4c);
metapleuron completely areolate rugose (cf. Fig. 4c, but more areolate); propodeum areolate, areolae
irregular and rugose anteriorly (similar to Fig. 10f but propodeum much wider); mid tibia with 1 preapical
spine; hind tibia with 4 apical spines; hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c), rather wide, 3-2 X longer
than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum 0-8 x longer than wide, with anteromedial depression; 2nd plus 3rd

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS B57

tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression, 3rd tergum without transverse
depression; ovipositor 0-6 x body length, 2-3 x length of hind femur.
Length. 8-3 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 22. Known only from the type locality in Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Holotype 9, Mexico: Veracruz, Veracruz, 20.vi.51 (Hurd) (USNM).

Alabagrus arawak sp. n.
(Figs 2e, 8d, 9d, 13d, 14a, 17b, Map 17)

Hototyee Y. Colour. Yellow and yellowish brown; yellowish brown as follows: frons, gena, temple,
antenna, fore and mid legs except tarsi, hind leg except coxa and femur, ovipositor sheath; fore wing
infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 36 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli well
impressed (Fig. 8d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 8b); scutellar furrow with median
longitudinal ridge (Fig. 8d); apex of scutellum (posterior) with well-defined rugose transverse ridge (Fig.
8d); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth except several crenulae on ventral
margin; propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina absent, anterior median areola weak, long and
narrow (Fig. 9d); mid tibia with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur rugose
ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c); 4-3 x longer than wide. Metasoma. |st tergum convex (Fig. 14a), 1-6 x longer than
wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-6 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression barely indicated
(cf. Fig. 14b but weaker); 3rd tergum lacking transverse groove; ovipositor 0-9 x body length, 3-3 x length
of hind femur.

Length. 6-3 mm.

ALLOTYPE ©’. Essentially as in 2 holotype except for minor colour variations and as follows: antenna with
34 flagellomeres; notauli deeper (Fig. 8d); anterior transverse ridge of propodeum complete (Fig. 8d); 1st
tergum of metasoma with well-defined median longitudinal carina (Fig. 13d); length 5-2 mm.

VARIATION Q C’. This is a widespread species with a fair deal of variation. Males usually differ from females
in the possession of anterior transverse carina on the propodeum. The presence of a longitudinal ridge on
the 1st metasomal tergum is relatively rare and present only in males.

Variation as follows: coloration varies greatly; from entirely yellow to predominantly orange with head
and appendages brown or black, to orange with pro- and mesothorax entirely black; leg segments all vary
from yellow to black; terminal segments of metasoma rarely (5%) black or brown, this darker colour more
common in males; fore wing can be somewhat yellowish infuscate especially basally and behind stigma
(Fig. 17b and rarely as in Fig. 20c); antenna with 33-39 flagellomeres; fore wing sometimes yellowish
infuscate; female very rarely (2%) with anterior transverse carina on propodeum (cf. Fig. 8d); Ist
metasomal tergum of males often lacking median carina; 1st metasomal tergum of males and females from
1-4—1-6 x longer than wide; length 4-6—6-2 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 17. Widespread, southern Mexico to northern Argentina.

Holotype 9, Ecuador: Pinchincha, 16 km E. Sto. Domingo, Tinalandia, 500 m, 4—14.vi.1976 (Peck)
(CNC).

Paratypes. Argentina: Salta: 2 oO’, Abra Grande, Oran, 18.iv.—5.v.1969 (Porter) (MCZ); 1 O, Rio

Pescado, nr Oran, 23.—29.v.1970 (Porter) (IML). Belize: 5 9 ,3 0", Middlesex, 125 m, ix.—x.1956 (Welling)
/ (CNC); 1 CO’, Melinda For. Sta., nr Stann Creek, 8.vii.1963 (Porter) (MCZ); 1 9, 1 O’, Punta Gorda,
12.—26.v.1982 (Kelly) (BMNH); 1 2, 40 km NW. Punta Gorda, Salemanca, 28. viii.—4.ix.1978 (BMNH).
| Bolivia: Cochamba: 1 0’, Cochamba, 17 km E. Villa Tunari, 21.—25.vii.1973 (IML). Brazil: Goias: 1 9,
| Vila Vera, 50°30’W, 12°38’S, x.1973 (Alvarenga) (AEI); Mato Grosso: 1 9, Sinop, x.1976 (Alvarenga)
| (CNC); Para: 2 oO’, Rio Acara, 1930 (Horvath) (TMB). Colombia: Amazonas: 1 ©’, Leticia, 24.11.-—
| 1.ii1.1974 (Howden) (AEI); 1 CO’, 17 km E. Buenaventura, 18.—20.ii.1970 (Howden) (AEI); 2 9,10,
| Guainia, San Jose, 12.xi.1944 (Hambbleton) (USNM); Valle del Cauca: 1 2, Buenaventura, Zabaleta-Rio
| Dagua forest road, 100 m, 29.ix.1971 (Cooper) (BMNH); 3 0’, 17 km E. Buenaventura, Anchicaya, Dam,
| 370 m, 18.—20.ii.1970 (Howden) (AEI); 1 9, 17 km S. Cali, 1000 m, 10.x.1971 (Eberhard & Garcia)
(CNC); 1 9, State?, Las Cumbre, 23.v.1914 (CU). Costa Rica: 1 C’, Bataan, 24.iv.1957 (Shenefelt) (SC); 1
9, 19 km SW. Canas, 27.ii.1964 (Evans) (MCZ); 1 0’, La Lola, 19.vi.1961 (SC); 2 9, Pto. Viejo, 50 m,
| ii.1980 (Mason) (MC); 1 9, Rincon, Osa Pen., 10.—15.viii.1966 (Moldenke) (AMNH); 1 9, 4 km SW.
Rincon, Osa Pen., 21.—28.ii.1967 (MCZ); 1 2,10", 8km SW. Sta. Clara de San Carlos, 19.ii.1964 (Evans)
(MCZ); 3 Oo’, Surrubres (TMB); 2 9, 2 CO’, Turrialba, 1.viii.1977 (Hansen) (CNC); 1 9, Turrialba,

358 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

20.ix.1952 (Viale) (USNM). Ecuador: allotype CO’, Pinchincha, 47 km S. Sto. Domingo, Rio Palenque Sta.,
22.-31.vii.1976 (Peck) (CNC). Bolivar: 1 2, Balzapamba, 700 m, 5.vi.1938 (Clark & MacIntyre) (AEI);
Esmeraldas: 1 2, San Lorenzo, 3.—10.vi.1975 (Peck) (AEI); 1 0’, Coca, v.1965 (Pena) (AEI); Napo: 1 °,
Napo and Coca Rivers, 2.v.1965 (Pena) (AEI); 2 &, Tena, 400 m, 16.—17.ii1.1983 (Sharkey) (CNC);
Pinchincha: 3 o’, Monte Enela, nr Sto. Domingo, 4.1i.1983 (Sharkey) (CNC); 9 2, 11 &, Santo Domingo,
17.-30.v.1975 (Peck) (AEI); 22 &’, Santo Domingo, 26.ii.1981 (Howden) (AEI); 5 2, 4.0’, Rio Palenque
Res. Sta., 47 km S. Santo Domingo, 23.—31.vii.1976 (Peck) (CNC); 6 2, 10.0’, Rio Palenque Res. Stat., 47
km S. Sto. Domingo, 4.1i.1983 (Masner & Sharkey) (CNC); 2 2,5 O’, Rio Palenque Res. Stat., 47 km S.
Sto. Domingo, ii.1983 (Sharkey) (CNC); 1 9, 1 CO’, Tinalandia, 16 km E. Sto. Domingo, 680 m,
15.—30.vi.1975 (Peck) (CNC); 1 9, 1 O, Tinalandia, 8.11.83 (Masner & Sharkey) (CNC); 3 9,40,
Tinalandia, vii. 1983 (Sharkey) (CNC). Guatemala: 1 0’, Los Aurantes, Kellerman (MCZ). Guyana: 1 CO’,
Bartica, 18.ii.1913 (CU). Mexico: Chiapas: 1 9, 16°58'N, 91°47'W, 23.—27.x.1978 (Rawlins) (CNC);1<,
10-6 km S. San Carlos, 11.iii.1953 (Smith) (UCB); Oaxaca: 1 O’, Palomarea, 5.—21.ix.1961 (Dreisbach)
(MSEU); 1 9, Metate, 85-5 km SW. of Tuxtepec, 900 m, 21.x.1962 (Townes) (AEI); Tabasco: 1 0’, 6-5 km
N. Teapa, 14.vi.1965 (Burke, Meyer & Schaffner) (TAMU); 1 C’, Teapa, 29.vi.1964 (Pallister) (AMNH);
Veracruz: 4 9, 2 CO, Fortin, 900 m, 1962 (Epping) (RNHL); 1 CO, Minatitlan, 26.viii.—1.ix.1961
(Dreisbach) (MSUE); 1 9, 1 OC’, Fortin, v. and vii.1965 (Weems) (FSCA); 1 9, Orizaba, 13.11.1954
(Dreisbach) (MSUE). Panama: 1 ©’, Bocas del Toro, 2.iv.1924 (Bradley) (CU); 1 9, Barro Colorado
Island, 6.xi.1930 (AMNH); 6 2, 4.0’, Margarita, i., ii., iv.1960 (Breeland) (AEI); 3 9,30", Nuevo Limon,
ix.1946 (USNM). Peru: Cuzco: 1 0’, Quince Mil, 750 m, 10.—15.1962, (Pena) (AEI); 2 O’, Quince Mil, 750
m nr Marcapata, 10.—15.xi.1962 (Pena) (AEI). Trinidad: 1 &’, Cone Farm, 23.iv.1961 (Gopaul) (CNC); 1
oO’, La Brea, 18.x.1918 (Morrison) (USNM); 8 oO’, Morne Bleu, 830 m, viii.1969 (Howden) (AEI, CNC); 1
Oo’, Tunapuna, 5.iii.1961 (Gopaul) (CNC); 1 Oo’, St. Augustine, 14.ii.1961 (Gopaul) (CNC); 2 2,10’, St.
Augustine, viii.1976 (BMNH); 1 co’, St Augustine, 2.iii.1953 (Simmonds) (CIBC). Venezuela: Aragua: 1
©, Portachuelo, Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 22.v.1981 (Garcia & Clavijo) (UCV); 1 O’, Rancho Grande,
24.xi.1968 (Van Doesburg) (RNHL); Carabobo: 1 co’, San Esteban Valley, Las Quiguas, 20.—27.i.1940
(Anduze) (USNM).

Alabagrus arua sp. n.
(Map 8)

Hotoryre 9. Colour. Black, reddish black, orange and yellow; yellow as follows: palpi, tegula, sterna and
lateroterga of metasomal segments 1-3; reddish black as follows: scutum, fore and mid legs, stigma of fore
wing, metasomal segment 8, hind leg except coxa and distal four-fifths of femur orange; orange as follows:
mesepimeron, scutellum posteriorly, metanotum, propodeum, metapleuron, and most of metasoma; fore
wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 35 flagellomeres; gena with obtuse angle posteriorly (cf. Fig. 2c). Mesosoma.
Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); scutum with weak anteromedial longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 9b);
scutellar furrow with median ridge (cf. Fig. 9b); apex of scutellum mostly smooth with several weak
punctures (cf. Fig. 7c)); median areola of metanotum not excavated, posterior margin not elevated (cf. Fig.
9a); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae marginally (cf. Fig. Se);
propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina weak; mid tibia lacking preapical spines; hind tibia with 3
apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-3 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with
weak median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 14d); 1st tergum 1-9 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-7
x body length, 2-5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 5-4 mm.

ALLOTYPE CO’. As in 2 holotype except: metasomal terga 5 to 8 partly brown; posterior transverse ridge of
scutellum complete but very weak (cf. Fig. 7b); anterior median areola of propodeum irregular, anterior
transverse carina strong (cf. Fig. 7d).

VARIATION Q ©’. Coloration varies considerably, those areas black or reddish black on the holotype vary
from reddish brown to black; metasoma often lacking yellow coloration; rarely with distal half black; hind
femur orange to black; stigma reddish black to black; posterior transverse ridge of scutellum smooth to
weakly rugose; sternaulus reduced to few foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. Sf); anterior median areola of
propodeum often (40%) weak (cf. Fig. 9a); mid tibia with 0 to 3 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 to 6
apical spines; length 4-9-6-1 mm.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 359

DIsTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 8. Costa Rica south to Bolivia.

Holotype 9 , Ecuador: Napo, Limoncocha, 250 m, 15.—28.vi.1976 (Peck) (CNC).

Paratypes. Brazil: Amazonas: 1 9, Res. Ducke, 26 km NE. Manaus, ix.1981 (Rafael) (CNC);19,10,
Manaus, Univ. Campus, 22.—28.vi.1982 (Rafael) (CNC). Colombia: District Especial, 1 0’, Bogota
(Lindig) (ZMHB); Magdalena: 2 &’, Curumani 60 km S. Becerril, 22. vii. 1968 (Malkia) (AMNH); Valle de
Cauca: 1 9, Cali, 1.iv.1965 (West) (AEI). Costa Rica: 3 9, 1 O’, Alejuela, La Fortuna, 200 m, 18.ii.1964
(Evans) (MCZ); 1 9, 4km W. La Fortuna, 18.ii.1964 (Evans) (MCZ). Ecuador: allotype 0’, same data as
holotype. Napo: 3 9, 9 O’, same data as holotype; 41 2, 34 o’, Limoncocha, on Rio Napo, xii.1973 to
ix.1974 (Drummond) (FSCA); 1 9,10, Tena, 400 m, 16.-17.ii.1983 (Sharkey) (CNC); Pinchincha: 1 0’,
Sto. Domingo, 26.ii.1981 (Howden) (AEI); Zamora: 1 9, Rio Jumboe, 1.iv.1965 (Pena) (AEI); 1 9,
Zamora, Chinchipe, c. 1000 m, 29.x.1978 (Cooper) (BMNH). Guyana: 1 9, Bartica, 23.1.1913 (CU);1<’,
Bartica, 15.iv.1913 (CU); 2 2, 2 OC’, Bartica, Heyne (ZMHN); 1 2, 1 oO’, Kartoba, 1920 (AMNH); 1 9,
Kartabo, vii.—viii.1920 (MCZ). Panama: 1 9, C.Z., Barro Colorado Is., i.—iii.1944 (Zetek) (USNM).
Peru: Cuzco: 1 9, 1 0’, Quince Mil, 20.-30.x. and 10.—-15.xi.1962 (SC); 1 2, Quince Mil, 750 m, nr
Marcapata, 10.—15.xi.1962 (Pena) (AEI). Surinam: 1 ©’, Albina, 16.vi.1963 (Van Doesburg) (RNHL); 1
Q, Lelydorp, Sumatra Rd, 1.-3.iv.1964 (Geijskes) (RNHL); 1 O’, Lelydorp, 21.vii.1938 (Geijskes)
(RNHL). Trinidad: 1 co’, Bamboo Cr., 20.i.1961 (Gopaul) (CNC); 3 2, 7 o’, Cumuto Arepo, Thaxter
(MCZ); 1 oO’, Curepe, xi.1976 (Bennett) (BMNH); 1 CO’, Maracas Valley, xi.1977 (Bennett) (BMNH); 2 9,
Montserrat, vi.1905 (Busck) (USNM); 1 0’, Moran Pool Rd., Totton (BMNH); 1 2, 4 0’, Morne Bleu,
viii.1969 (Howden) (AEI, CNC); 2 2, 1 CO’, St. Augustine, viii.76 (Bennett) (BMNH)); 2 Q, Spring Hill
Estate, Arima Valley (Mees) (RNHL). Venezuela: Yaracuy: 1 0’, 27.i.1971 (Casares & Gelvez) (UCV).

Alabagrus aymara sp. n.
(Map 12)

Ho votyre 2. Colour. Black except as follows: palpi, fore and mid tarsus, yellow; propodeum, hind coxa
except laterally, hind femur, and metasoma except apically, all orange; fore wing yellow basally gradually
becoming infuscate apically, infuscate beyond stigma (cf. Fig. 19a, but with stigma mostly pale).

Head. Antenna with ? flagellomeres (antennae broken); gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e).
Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d);
scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with smooth,
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 9b); sternaulus 0-3 x length of mesopleuron, composed of large foveae (cf. Fig.
8a, though smaller than in figure); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig.
5d); metapleuron smooth (cf. Fig. 6c); propodeum mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 10c, though with a trace of
posterior transverse carinae); mid tibia lacking preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur
smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-8 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14a); 1st
tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-6 X longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-9
x body length, 3-6 x length of hind femur.

Length. 8-3 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 12. Known only from the type locality in Huanuco, Peru.
Holotype 9, Peru: Huanuco, Tingo Maria, 620 m, 5.—12.xii.1964 (Porter) (MCZ).

Alabagrus botocudo sp. n.
(Map 3)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Yellow, yellow-brown, orange and black; head except palpi and antennal flagello-
meres black, yellow as follows: palpi, legs except hind coxa, tegula, metanotum, propodeum, and lateral
lobes of scutum; yellow-brown as follows: median lobe of scutum, scutellum, mesosomal pleura, and hind
coxa; orange as follows: antennal flagellomeres, and metasoma; fore wing infuscate except stigmal area
yellow (cf. Fig. 17e).

Head. Antenna with 36 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (angle slightly sharper than
Fig. 2d). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge
anteriorly (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum
(posterior) with rugose transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7a); sternaulus short, 0-3 x mesopleuron length,
composed of 3 large foveae (cf. Fig. 5f); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf.
Fig. Sd); metapleuron mostly smooth, with crenulae along ventral margin; propodeum areolate, anterior
transverse carina lacking (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines, hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind

360 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c), 4-1 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with small, distinct,
anteromedial bump (cf. Fig. 15d); 1st tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum 1-2 x longer than wide;
2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression;
ovipositor 0-9 x body length, 3-5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 5-7 mm.

ALLOoTYPE ©’. As in the holotype 9 except as follows: hind legs mostly yellow-brown; antenna with 34
flagellomeres, metapleuron with rugae in ventral third (cf. Fig. 4a); length 4-8 mm.

VARIATION CO’. Body can be more melanic, with some black on scutum and apex of metasoma; anterior
transverse carina of propodeum present in some males (cf. Fig. 7d); base of wing can be less infuscate than
apex (cf. Fig. 19c); length 4-6-5-7 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 3. Known only from the type locality in Santa Catarina,
Brazil.
Holotype @, Brazil: Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23'W, ii.1965 (Plaumann) (BMNH).
Paratypes. Allotype ©’, same data as holotype except iv.1966; 12 2, 8c’, same locality and collector as
holotype, ii.—iv., vii. and xii., from 1936 to 1966 (AEI, BMNH, CNC).

Alabagrus caingang sp. n.
(Map 4)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Orange and black with palpi and portions of fore and mid legs yellow; antenna
brown; orange as follows: lateral lobes of scutum, metanotum, metapleuron, propodeum, and hind leg
(tibia and tarsus tending towards brown); metasoma mostly orange, however, brown ventrally and tergum
2 plus 3 brownish orange; fore wing infuscate with stigmal area yellow and base of wing yellowish hyaline
(cf. Fig. 20c).

Head. Antenna with 38 flagellomeres; posterolateral corner of gena right angled (cf. Fig. 2d).
Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d);
scutellar furrow with median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with weak, irregular,
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7c); sternaulus composed of several foveae posteroventrally and weak smooth
impression extending 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4f, but groove smoother); border between
metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth, with crenulae along
margins (cf. Fig. 5c); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina reduced, anterior areola more than 2
x longer than posterior areola (cf. Fig. 9d); mid tibia with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia with 5 apical spines;
hind femur smooth ventrally, 3-9 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14b), 1-6 x
longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5 X longer than wide; 2nd tergum with, and 3rd tergum without
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 3-1 x length of hind femur.

Length. 6-7 mm.

ALLoTYPE ©’. As in holotype except as follows: scutum almost entirely black; antenna with 37 flagello-
meres; fore wing not significantly lighter basally than apically; anterior transverse carina of propodeum
present as well as secondary rugae (cf. Fig. 8d); length 6-7 mm.

VARIATION @ ©’. Fore wing infuscate or yellowish hyaline basally (cf. Figs. 20c, 17e); rarely orange colour
reduced on lateral lobes of scutum replaced by black; anterior areola of propodeum barely indicated in
some females; male propodea more sculptured than female, anterior areola and carina always complete;
transverse depression of metasomal tergum 2 deeper in male specimens.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 4. South-eastern Brazil.

Holotype 9, Brazil: Parana, Campina Grande nr Curitiba, 15.ii.1966 (Townes) (AEI).

Paratypes. Brazil: allotype CO’, same data as holotype; Parana: 7 9, CO’, same data as holotype except
various dates between 7.ii. and 21.ii.1966; 2 9, 1 oO’, Quatro Barros nr Curitiba, 5.—7.1i.1966 (Townes)
(AEI); Santa Catarina: 1 9, 2 &’, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23’W, 6.vii.1937, 8.x.1937 and iv.1966
(Plaumann) (BMNH, CNC).

Alabagrus calibi sp. n.

(Map 14)

Hovotyre 9. Colour. Orange, brown and black; head black with face reddish black; antenna paler distally;
pronotum and mesopleuron ventrally black; fore and mid legs brown except tarsi yellow; hind trochanter
black; hind coxa and femur orange; hind tibia and tarsus reddish brown; remainder of body orange; scutum

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 361

dark, brownish orange; fore wing mostly infuscate with stigma yellow and small area behind stigma clear
(cf. Fig. 20c).

Head. Antenna with 41 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.
Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow
with median carina (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with weak, rugose, transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7c);
sternaulus long, foveolate, 0-7 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4c); border between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae on margins (cf. Fig. 5c);
propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina weak (cf. Fig. 9b), anterior lateral areola with some weak
rugae (cf. Fig. 8d); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur rugose
ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c), 4-0 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum evenly convex (cf. Fig. 14d), 1-2 x
longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with, and 3rd tergum without
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-7 x body length, 2-4 x length of hind femur.

Length. 6-2 mm.

ALLotTyPE ©’. As in female holotype except as follows: mesosoma black except propodeum and meso-
pleuron; metapleuron rugose in ventral third (cf. Fig. 4a); propodeum more heavily sculptured with many
small secondary carinae and rugae (cf. Fig. 8a); 1st metasomal tergum with median longitudinal carinae 0-5
x its length (cf. Fig. 13d); body length 7-1 mm. (Allotype with head and fore leg mounted on separate
point.)

VaRIATION @. (The allotype is the only &’ known.) Compared with the holotype most specimens have
anterior portion of mesosoma, including scutum, black; basal portion of fore wing clear; apical tip of
metasoma black and some black mottling on metasomal terga; transverse ridge of scutellum can be very
reduced and appear smooth (cf. Fig. 8a); propodeum can lack rugae laterally; length 6-2-7-0 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 14. Known from Trinidad, Surinam and northern Bolivia,
presumably more widespread.

Holotype 9, Surinam: Carolina Kreek, 8.v.1963 (Van der Vecht) (RNHL).

Paratypes. Bolivia: Beni: 1 9, Rio Itenez, Pampa de Meio, 11.—13.ix.1964 (Bouseman & Lussenhop)
(AMNH). Surinam: allotype CO’, Paramaribo, Charlesburg, Krepi, 18.—21.i.1964 (Geijskes) (RNHL);1 9,
| same data as holotype; 1 9, Albina, 25.vi.1963 (Van der Vecht) (RNHL); 1 9, Carolina Kreek, 8.v.1963
(Van der Vecht) (RNHL); 1 9, nr Paramaribo, 18.—23.xii.1963 (AEI); 1 9, Zanderij Sav., 26.x.1964
(Geijskes) (RNHL). Trinidad: 1 9 , St George, Maracas Valley, x.1977 (Bennett) (BMNH).

|
Alabagrus caquetio sp. n.

(Map 19)

Ho totyre 9. Colour. Mostly orange except black as follows: antenna, labrum, part of fore trochanter, fore
femur, fore tibia, part of mid trochanter, mid femur, tarsus and tibia, part of hind trochanter, hind tibia
distally and most of hind tarsus; fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 40 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli well
impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow smooth,
_ lacking longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with weak smooth transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7d);
| sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and
| metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. Sd); metapleuron mostly smooth except for some crenulae on ventral
| margin; propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina weak but complete; mid tibia with 3 preapical
| spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur weakly rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 3b); 3-8 x longer than
| wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with small bump anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14b but slightly larger bump than in
| figure); 1st tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8
| X body length, 2-7 x longer than hind femur.

Length. 7-0 mm.

VARIATION 2. Antenna with 39-42 flagellomeres; legs lighter, almost completely yellow; mid tibia with 0-3
preapical spines; body length 4-8—7-2 mm.

DIsTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 19. Venezuela.

Holotype 2, Venezuela: Zulia, Tucuco, 23.iv.81 (Townes) (AEI).

Paratypes. Venezuela: Zulia: 2 2, Tucuco, iv.1981 (Townes) (AEI); 1 9, Bolivar, Akuriman, x.1940
(Anduze) (CU).

362 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY
Alabagrus cara sp. n.
(Fig. 19d, Map 2)

Ho otyee 2. Colour. Yellow except black as follows: head except mouth parts, hind coxa distolaterally,
hind trochanter, hind tibia in distal third and hind tarsus; fore wing yellow basally, infuscate in distal third
(cf. Fig. 19d).

Head. Antenna with 39 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); median longitudinal ridge of scutum weak (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow
with weak median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with acute, transverse carina (cf. Fig.
8d); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. 4a); border between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. Sd); metapleuron mostly smooth with several crenulae along ventral
margin; propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina lacking, anterior median areola weak (cf. Fig. 7c); ~
mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e),
4-0 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with small longitudinal bump anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14a);
1st tergum 1-7 X longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; neither 2nd nor 3rd tergum
with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 15a); ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 2-9 x length of hind femur.

Length. 6-7 mm.

ALLoTyPE ©’. As in holotype 9 except as follows: fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16); propodeum with strong
anterior median areola and weak anterior transverse carina.

VARIATION Q. Fore and mid trochanters yellow, brown or black; propleuron yellow, brown or black.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 2. Known only from Costa Rica and the coastal lowlands of
Ecuador but likely to be found in Colombia and Panama.

Holotype 9, Ecuador: Pinchincha, 16 km E. Santo Domingo, Tinalandia, 4.v.—25.vii.1985 (Peck)
(CNC).

Paratypes. Costa Rica: 1 9, Braulio Carrillo Nat’! Park, 400 m, 10.—11.iv.1985 (Goulet & Masner)
(CNC); 1 Q, Turrialba, vii.1963 (Porter) (MCZ). Ecuador: allotype CO’, Pinchincha, 16 km E. Santo
Domingo, Trinalandia, 4.v.—25.vii.1985 (Peck) (CNC); Esmeraldas: 1 2 , San Mateo, 1.xi.1956 (Foerster)
(CNC); Pichincha: 1 2, Santo Domingo, 215 m, 17.—30.v.1975 (Peck) (AEI).

Alabagrus carib sp. n.
(Map 20)

Ho totyreE 9. Colour. Orange except as follows: head excluding palpi black, brown as follows: propleuron,
fore and mid legs, hind trochanter, tibia and tarsus; distal half of metasoma mottled brown and orange;
fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 38 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow with weak
median carina (cf. Fig. 9b); apex of scutellum with smooth transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); median areola of
metanotum not excavated; posterior margin flush with areola (cf. Fig. 9a); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x
length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 5c); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig.
5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae along ventral margin; propodeum areolate; anterior
median areola weak, anterior transverse carina weak (cf. Fig. 9a); mid tibia with 4 preapical spines; hind
tibia with 5 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e); 3-9 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st
tergum with weak median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 14d); 1st tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd
tergum 1:4 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression weak medially (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd
tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 3-0 x length of hind
femur.

Length. 6:1 mm.

ALLOoTYPE ©’. As in 2 holotype except as follows: metasoma all orange except apical segment; meta-
pleuron weakly rugose in ventral third (cf. Fig. 4a, but weaker); propodeum with strong median anterior
areola and anterolateral area with transverse rugae (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia
with 7 apical spines; length 6-2 mm.

VARIATION 9, GO’. Apex of scutellum from almost smooth to with acute transverse ridge (cf. Figs 7d, 8d);
anterior transverse carinae of propodeum complete in most males; length 6-0—7-4 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 20. Lesser Antilles.
Holotype Q, St Vincent (no date) (Smith) (BMNH).

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 363

Paratypes. Grenada: 2 9, 1910 (Brues) (MCZ); 1 2, L’Anse aux Epines, 8.ii.1986 (Clarke) (USNM); 3
©, 60, Mount Gay Est., Leeward Side (Smith) (BMNH, USNM); 2 ©’, Balthazar, Windward Side
(Smith) (BMNH); 1 9, 1 o’, St Georges (Smith) (BMNH). St Vincent: allotype 0’, (no date) (Smith)
(BMNH);5 9,4 C0 (Smith) (BMNH, USNM).

Alabagrus caudatus (Szépligeti) comb. n.
(Map 3)
Agathis caudata Szépligeti, 1904: 195. Holotype 2, PEru (TMB) [examined].

Hototyre 2. Colour. Black and yellowish orange; yellowish orange as follows: palpi, tegula, tibiae and
tarsi of fore and mid legs, mesopleuron posteroventrally, mid and hind coxae ventrally, hind femur and
basal two-thirds of hind tibia, metanotum, mesepimeron, metapleuron, propodeum and metasoma except
apical fifth; fore wing banded from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (cf. Fig. 18d).

Head. Antenna with 38 to 42 flagellomeres (antennae broken on holotype, number based on paratypes);
gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median
longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow with median carinae (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of
scutellum with irregular, transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7a); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron
(cf. Fig. Sc); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly
smooth with weak crenulae on ventral margin; propodeum mostly smooth with posterior transverse carina
weakly indicated (cf. Fig. 10e); mid tibia with 1 preapical spine; hind tibia with 4 apical spines; hind femur
rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c), 4-3 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum evenly convex, without
distinct bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-6 x longer
than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 2-9 x length of hind femur.

Length. 7-0 mm.

VARIATION. Metasoma can be mostly black; melanic portions of body vary from brown to black; hind femur
| sometimes brown medially, posterior transverse carina of propodeum sometimes complete; length 5-9—7-1
mm.

_DIsTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 3. Scattered distribution on the periphery of the Amazon
Basin.

Holotype 9, Peru: Cuzco, Sicuani (TMB).

Determined specimens are deposited in the following institutions: AEI, BMNH, CNC, MCZ, TMB,
| USC.

Alabagrus chimu sp. n.
(Map 4)

Hototyee Y. Colour. Black except palpi, fore and mid tarsi yellow and metasoma mostly orange,
darkening apically; fore wing yellowish hyaline in basal half, infuscate distally (cf. Fig. 20e).

Head. Antenna with 39 flagellomeres; gena rounded laterally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply
impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); scutum with weak median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow with
weak median carina (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with smooth transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7c); median
areola of metanotum weakly excavated, posterior margin not raised (cf. Fig. 9a); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5
x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig.
5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae along ventral margin; propodeum punctate in anterior half,
areolate posteriorly; anterior median areola and anterior transverse carina weak (similar to Fig. 10d but
lacking carina in anterior half); mid tibia with 6 preapical spines; hind tibia with 8 apical spines; hind femur
with large punctures ventrally (cf. Fig. 3b); hind femur 3-8 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with
elongate anteromedial bump (cf. Fig. 14a); 1st tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-2 x
longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse

depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-9 x body length, 3-6 x length of hind femur.
| Length. 7:0 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 4. Known only from the type locality, Lambayeque, Peru.
Holotype , Peru: Lambayeque, 4 km N. Jayanca, 10.v.1983 (Vardy) (BMNH).

364 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY
Alabagrus coatlicue sp. n.

(Map 20)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Black and orange; orange as follows: palpi, metapleuron, propodeum, fore tarsus,
hind coxa except outer surface, hind femur in distal two-thirds, hind tibia except distal fifth, and metasoma;
fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with ? flagellomeres (antennae broken); gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d).
Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d);
scutellar furrow with weak, median, longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with transverse,
rugose ridge (c.f. Fig. 8d); sternaulus reduced, represented by 2 large foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. Sa);
border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with

some crenulae along margins (cf. Fig. Sf); propodeum areolate, all carinae present and well defined (cf. ~

Fig. 7d); mid tibia with 1 preapical spine; hind tibia with S or 6 apical spines; hind femur rugose ventrally
(cf. Fig. 3c), 3-2 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with long median carina (cf. Fig. 13a); 1st
tergum as long as wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression
(cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-4 x as long as body, 2-1
x as long as hind femur.

Length. 10:0 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 20. Known only from the type locality in Tabasco.
Holotype 2, Mexico: Tabasco, Teapa, 29.vi.1964 (Pallister) (AMNH).

Alabagrus cocto sp. n.
(Map 19)

Hotortyre 2. Colour. Orange except black as follows: head except palpi, propleuron, fore and mid leg
except tarsi; hind coxa distolaterally, hind trochanter, hind tibia distally and hind tarsus; fore wing
yellowish hyaline basally, gradually becoming infuscate apically (cf. Fig. 19a, but with much smaller
infuscate area apically).

Head. Antenna with 46 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum well defined (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar
furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with weak transverse ridge (cf.
Fig. 7b); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum
and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae on margins (cf. Fig.
5c); propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 7d); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 4 apical spines; hind
femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-0 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with weak longitudinal
bump anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14a); lst tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer
than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression
(cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-7 x body length, 2-5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 8-3 mm.

VaRIATION 2. Both paratypes as in holotype except: fore wing without yellow hue basally, i.e., clear;
antenna with 42 flagellomeres; sternaulus composed of large foveae.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 19. Costa Rica and Panama.

Holotype 2, Panama: El Valle, xi.1946 (Krauss) (USNM).

Paratypes. Costa Rica: 1 9, Bataan, 24.iv.1957 (Shenefelt) (SC). Panama: 1 9, Canal Zone, Summit,
1.1947 (Krauss) (USNM).

Alabagrus cora sp. n.
(Map 10)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Orange, black and yellow; fore and mid tarsi yellow; orange as follows: metanotum,
mesepimeron, propodeum, metapleuron, hind coxa, hind femur, one distal and one proximal spot on hind
tibia; scattered areas of hind tarsus, and entire metasoma; fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with about 40 flagellomeres (antennae broken on type); gena rounded posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf.
Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow with median ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with strong transverse ridge (cf.
Fig. 7a); sternaulus foveolate, 0:5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum
and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron with several rugae ventrally and on margins (cf. Fig.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 365

Se); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina complete (cf. Fig. 7d); mid tibia with 1 preapical
spine; hind tibia with 5 apical spines; hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c), 3-9 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. \st tergum with well-defined median longitudinal ridge in anterior half (cf. Fig. 13d); lst tergum
1-3 X longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum without transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-5 x body
_ length; 1-8 x length of hind femur.

Length. 6:5 mm.

| VARIATION Q. The sole paratype is essentially as in the holotype.

| DIsTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 10. Southern Mexico.
Holotype 9, Mexico: Jalisco, 14km S. Guadalajara, 29.vii.1965 (Evans) (MCZ).
Paratype. Mexico: Morelos: 1 2, Lagos de Moreno, 12.viii. 1954 (Dreisbach) (USNM).

Alabagrus cuna sp. n.
(Map 22)

| Ho tortyre 2. Colour. Yellow except brownish black as follows: head except palpi, hind trochanter, hind
| tibia distally and hind tarsus; fore wing yellow basally with sharply delimited infuscate band in distal third
(cf. Fig. 19d).

Head. Antenna with 34 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
| deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum well defined (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar
groove smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); posterior surface of scutellum granulorugose;
| apex of scutellum with weak transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8d); sternaulus represented by 2 foveae post-
| eroventrally and smooth groove 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 5d); border between metepisternum
| and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth except for several crenulae on ventral
_ margin; propodeum completely areolate (cf. Fig. 7d); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3
| apical spines; hind femur weakly rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 3g, but slightly rougher), 4-1 x longer than wide.
| Metasoma. 1st tergum with small anteromedial bump (cf. Fig. 14); Ist tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd
| plus 3rd tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; neither 2nd nor 3rd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig.
15a); ovipositor 0-5 x body length, 3-4 x length of hind femur.

Length. 5-6 mm.

| DisTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 22. Known only from the type locality in Panama.
Holotype 2, Panama: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 22.xii.1928 (AMNH).

Alabagrus diegeli sp. n.
(Map 20)

Ho tortyre 9. Colour. Black, orange, reddish orange, and yellow; palpi, fore and mid tarsus and tegula all
yellow; reddish orange as follows: propodeum, mesopleuron dorsally; hind coxa, hind femur and hind tibia
proximally, metasomal terga 1, 2 and 3; orange as follows: median parts of all three lobes of scutum,
metanotum, metasoma except for terga 1 to 3 and tergum 8; remainder of body black; fore wing infuscate,

lighter basally (cf. Fig. 18e).
| Head. Antenna with 42 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
| well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow with weak
| median ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with weak, rugose, transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7b); median
| areola of metanotum not deeply excavated and lacking elevated posterior margin (cf. Fig. 9a); sternaulus
| foveolate, 0-6 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and metepimeron
| crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulate margins (cf. Fig. 5e); propodeum
areolate, anterior transverse carina weak, mostly absent (cf. Fig. 9b), mid tibia with 5 preapical spines,
hind tibia with 9 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-6 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. 1st tergum with anteromedial bump (cf. Fig. 15d); 1st tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd plus
3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression; 3rd tergum lacking transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 3-3 x length of hind femur.

Length. 7-9 mm.

VARIATION @. Coloration varies considerably; some specimens brown (where holotype is black) and
brownish yellow (where holotype is orange or reddish orange); scutum often completely black, antenna
slightly lighter than head (this is somewhat apparent in holotype); orange colour of holotype usually

366 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

reddish orange, i.e. metasoma unicolorous; fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16); posterior border of median
areola of metanotum usually lacking (cf. Fig. 9a), rarely complete but weak (cf. Fig. 8a); posterior
transverse carina of propodeum often lacking between lateral longitudinal carinae; length 6-7—8-6 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Trinidad. Map 20.

Holotype 9, Trinidad: Curepe, 29.xii.1977 (Mason) (CNC).

Paratypes. Trinidad: 4 9, Curepe, xi.—xii.1977 (CNC); 1 2, Curepe, 29.xii.1952 (Simmonds) (CNC); 1
Q, St Augustine, viii.1976 (BMNH).

Alabagrus elatoscutum sp. n.
(Figs 2f, 5f, 9b, 13a, Map 7)

Hototyre 2. Colour. Black except as follows: fore tarsus, mesepimeron, metapleuron, propodeum, hind
coxa, part of hind femur and first 3 metasomal terga all orange; fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 32 flagellomeres; gena rounded and expanded posteroventrally (Fig. 2f). Mesoso-
ma. Notauli well impressed (Fig. 9b); middle lobe of scutum highly elevated, sloping sharply towards
pronotum anteriorly (Fig. 5f); scutum with weak, median, longitudinal ridge (Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow
with strong, median longitudinal carina (Fig. 9b); apex of scutellum with transverse, rugose ridge (Fig. 9b);
sternaulus reduced, represented by 2 large foveae posteroventrally (Fig. 5f); border between metepister-
num and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. Sd); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae along margins
(Fig. 5f); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina weak laterally (Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 5
preapical spines; hind tibia with 10 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-5 x longer
than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with strong, long, median longitudinal carina (Fig. 13a); Ist tergum 1-2 x
longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with deep transverse depression;
3rd tergum with shallow transverse depression (Fig. 13a); ovipositor 0-7 x body length, 2-6 x length of
hind femur.

Length. 6-2 mm.

ALLoTyPE GC’. As in holotype 2 except as follows: body all yellow except antenna, hind trochanter and
tarsus and metasoma apically, all black; antenna with 33 flagellomeres; 1st tergum of metasoma about as
wide as long; 2nd plus 3rd tergum as wide as long.

VARIATION 2 ©’. Colour variable, males usually lighter than females; anterior portion of mesosoma,
anterad metapleuron and propodeum, varies from yellow, to mottled, to black; anterior transverse carina
of propodeum can be totally absent; length, 5-3—6-2 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 7. Northern South America, from Ecuador east to Surinam
and Para.

Holotype 9, Ecuador: Napo, Limoncocha, 1.v.1974 (Drummond) (FSCA).

Paratypes. Brazil: Para: 1 2, Rio Acara, 1930 (Horvath) (TMB). Colombia: Caqueta: 1 0’, Rio
Orteguaza nr Rio Peneya, 14.—18.1.1969 (Duckworth & Dietz) (USNM). Ecuador: allotype 0’, Napo,
Limoncocha, 25.iv.1974 (Drummond) (FSCA); Napo: 9 2, 41 ©, Limoncocha, on Rio Napo, 9.i.-
1.v.1974 (Drummond) (FSCA). Guyana: 1 ©’, Bartica, 16.iv.1913 (CU). Surinam: 1 9, Paramaribo,
Dhoeiki Rd., 21.iv.1963 (Van der Vecht) (RNHL). Venezuela: Bolivar: 1 CO’, Paraitepuy, 16.xii.1940
(Anduze) (CU).

Alabagrus ekchuah sp. n.
(Fig. 11f, Map 21)

Hototyre Q. Colour. All black except: fore tarsus brownish black; venter of metasoma reddish black; fore
wing deeply infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 50 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with anteromedial longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar groove
with well-defined median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 8c); apex of scutellum with well-defined transverse
ridge (cf. Fig. 7a); sternaulus foveolate, reaching epicnemium (cf. Fig. 4c but stronger anteriorly);
mesopleuron below sternaulus heavily punctate; border between metepisternum and metepimeron
crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth medially and rugose to crenulate peripherally (cf. Fig. Se);
propodeum areolate, anterior median areola and anterior transverse carina lacking (cf. Fig. 8c); mid tibia
with 5 preapical spines; hind tibia with 6 apical spines; hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c), 3-4 x X
longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with weak rounded median longitudinal ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig.
14d); 1st tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-6 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 367

| transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8
x body length, 2-8 x length of hind femur.
Length. 10-9 mm.

ALLotTyPE ©’. As in 9 holotype except: fore and mid tarsi yellow; ventral half of metapleuron rugose;
| propodeum with anterior areola; and with several transverse carinae anterolaterally (cf. Fig. 8a).

VARIATION © ©. Mesosoma deep reddish black ventrally; length 10-5—11-9 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 21. Known from west-central Mexico south-east in deciduous

_ forest to north-western Costa Rica.

Holotype 9, Costa Rica: Guanacaste, Santa Rosa Park, 6.vii.1978 (Janzen) (AE).

| Paratypes. Costa Rica: allotype ©’, same data as holotype except 30.viii.1977; 1 0, same data as
| holotype except 13.vi.1978; 1 O’, same data as holotype except 1.—15.vi.82 (BMNH); 1 Oo’, 1 9, same
locality as holotype, 1.—15.vi.1982 and 15.—31.vii.1982 (Janzen & Hallwachs) (CNC, BMNH). El
| Salvador: 1 9, Santa Tecla, x.1959 (Krauss) (USNM). Mexico: Nayarit: 1 2, vic. Compostela, 30.vii.1934
(AE]).

Alabagrus erythromelas (Brullé) comb. n.
(Fig. 6f, Map 4)
| Agathis erythromelas Brullé, 1846: 503. Holotype CO’, FRENCH GuIANA (MNHP) [examined].

| Hotortyre C’. Colour. Black and orange except palpi, fore and mid tarsi yellow; orange as follows: hind
| coxa, hind femur, propodeal pseudosternite; metasoma except distal fifth; most of mesosoma, especially
| posteriorly, with reddish tinge; fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

| Head. Antenna with about 40 flagellomeres (antennae broken on holotype); gena acute posteroventrally
| (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); scutum with median longitudinal ridge
weakly indicated anteriorly (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow smooth, with weak carina indicated posteriorly
| (cf. Fig. 7c); apex of scutellum with transverse, rugose ridge (cf. Fig. 7a); median areola of metanotum
deeply excavated with well-defined posterior margin (Fig. 6f); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of
| mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d);
metapleuron smooth, with crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 4e); propodeal sculpture reduced, only
median longitudinal and posterior transverse carinae present (Fig. 6f); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines;
hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-7 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. 1st tergum convex with small bump anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14a); Ist tergum 1-2 x longer than
| wide, 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-2 x longer than wide, 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd
| tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d).

Length. 6-3 mm.

FEMALE. As in holotype Ct except as follows: propodeum from almost completely smooth (cf. Fig. 10a) to
as in CO holotype; usually propodeal sculpture weaker than in males; ovipositor 0-7 x body length, 2-5 x
length of hind femur.

VARIATION ©’. Colour consistent except hind tibia varies from orange to black; propodeal sculpture from
completely smooth (cf. Fig. 10a) to as in & holotype (cf. Fig. 6f); lst metasomal tergum from evenly,
weakly convex to possessing distinct bump anteromedially (cf. Fig. 15d); length 5-7—7-1 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 4. The periphery of the Amazon Basin.

Holotype o’, French Guiana: Leprieur (MNHP).

Specimens that I have determined are deposited in the following institutions: BMNH, CNC, CU, IML,
RNHL, SC, ZMHN.

Alabagrus esenbeckii (Spinola) comb. n.
(Map 4)
Agathis esenbeckii Spinola, 1840: 192-193. Holotype CO’, FRENCH GUIANA (MIZT) [examined].
Hototyre ©’. Colour. Mostly yellowish orange with some black; black as follows: head except palpi,
pronotum, propleuron, fore and mid legs basal to tibiae, hind coxa medially, hind trochanter, hind femur
and tibia apically, apical fifth of metasoma; fore wing banded from base as follows: yellow, infuscate,

yellow, infuscate (cf. Fig. 18d).
Head. Antenna with 50 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli

368 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 8c); scutellar furrow
smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf.
Fig. 8a); sternaulus completely absent, no foveae on metapleuron posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 4d, but even
posterior areola lacking); border between metepisternum and metepimeron smooth, lacking longitudinal
carinae (cf. Fig. 4f); metapleuron smooth (cf. Fig. 81d), propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c), no carinae
separating them; mid tibia lacking preapical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally. Metasoma. 1st tergum
convex (cf. Fig. 14b), 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b);
3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-4 x longer than wide;
ovipositor 0-9 x body length.
Length. 9-8 mm.

RemakksS. The following parts are missing from the holotype: all right legs, left hind leg, right hind wing.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 4. Known only from the type locality in French Guiana.
Holotype 9, French Guiana: Cayenne, Leprieur (MIZT).

Alabagrus festivus (Enderlein) comb. n.
(Map 12)
Astiria festiva Enderlein, 1920: 208. Holotype 2, Brazit (MZP) [examined].

Hototyre 2. Colour. Yellowish orange, black and brown; predominantly yellowish orange; black as
follows: head except yellow palpi, propleuron and anterior half of pronotum, portions of 2nd and 3rd
metasomal segments and metasoma terminally; metapleuron brown; propodeum brown posteriorly,
lighter (yellowish brown) anteriorly; fore and mid femora brown medially; all coxae brown laterally at least
in part; fore wing banded from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (cf. Fig. 18d).

Head. Antenna with 50 to 53 flagellomeres (antennae broken on type), gena rounded posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum anteriorly with very weak median
longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking logitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of
scutellum smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); median areola of metanotum lacking elevated
posterior border (cf. Fig. 5b); sternaulus completely absent, no foveae on mesopleuron posteroventrally
(similar to Fig. 4d but lacking trace of posterior fovea); suture between metepisternum and metepimeon
smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 4f); metapleuron smooth (cf. Fig. 4f); propodeum smooth
(cf. Fig. 10c), carina separating metapleuron and propodeum weak, present in posterior fifth only; mid
tibia lacking preapical spines (hind tibiae broken on type); hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-7 x
longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-7 x longer than wide; 2nd plus
3rd tergum 1-5 x longer than wide, 2nd tergum with strong transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum
lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-9 x body length; 4-0 x length of hind femur.

Length. 11-1 mm.

VaRIATION @. Antennal flagellomeres pale yellow to black; mesopleuron yellowish orange to brown,
propodeum yellowish orange to brown; 2nd metasomal tergum completely yellowish orange to partially
black posteriorly; mid tibia with 0—2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 6 apical spines.

Remarks. The following parts of the holotype are absent or broken: both antennae, right hind leg, left hind
leg except coxa, and both ovipositor sheaths.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 12. Known only from Obidos, Brazil and Cuzco, Peru.
Probably rare but widespread in the north and central Amazon Basin and on the eastern slopes of the
Andes.

Holotype , Brazil: Para, Obidos (MZP).

Other specimens that I have determined are in the following institutions: SC, MZP.

Alabagrus fuscistigma Enderlein
(Map 14)
Alabagrus fuscistigma Enderlein, 1920: 204. Holotype 0’, BrAzit (MZP) [examined].

Ho otype C’. Colour. Yellow, brown and black; vertex and frons black; most of body yellow except brown
as follows: antenna except scape anteriorly, hind coxa distally, hind trochanter, hind femur in distal fifth,
hind tibia except medially, hind tarsus, most of metasoma except 1st and 2nd terga; metasoma darker
distally; fore wing infuscate with basal area and large area around stigma clear, stigma yellow (cf. Fig. 20c).

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 369

Head. Antenna with 38 to 40 flagellomeres (broken on holotype, numbers based on conspecific
material); gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig.
9b); scutum with weak median longitudinal ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow with median
longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 9b); apex of scutellum (posterior) with strong transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 9b);
sternaulus foveolate 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 5c); border between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with some rugae ventrally and on
margins (cf. Fig. 5c); propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 7d, though lateral longitudinal carinae weaker
posteriorly); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur punctate ventrally
(intermediate between Figs 3a and 3b), 4-2 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig.
14b); 1st tergum 1-6 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d).

Length. 5-3 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 14. Colombia, Peru and south-eastern Brazil, presumably
more widespread.

Holotype o’, Brazil (MZP).

Determined specimens are deposited in the following institutions: AMNH, CNC, MCZ, MZP.

Alabagrus guayakisp. n.
(Fig. 17e, Map 7)

Ho totyre 2. Colour. Orange to orange-red except as follows: head black except palpi yellow and antennal
flagellomeres brown, propleuron black, fore trochanter and fore femur in basal half black; mid coxa with
black spot outwardly, mid trochanter and most of mid femur black, fore and mid tibiae and tarsi yellow, 9th
metasomal tergum brown; fore wing infuscate with stigmal area yellow (Fig. 17e).

Head. Antenna with 39 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 8c); scutellar furrow
lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth, transverse ridge weakly indicated (cf.
Fig. 7d); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron; border between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron with rugae or crenulae along margins (cf. Fig. Se);
propodeum weakly areolate, mostly smooth in anterior two-thirds, anterior areola and anterior transverse
carina mostly absent (cf. Fig. 9a); mid tibia lacking preapical spines; hind tibia with 4 apical spines; hind
femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-3 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14b);
1st tergum 1-6 X longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-7 X longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak
median transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d);
Ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 2-6 x length of hind femur.

Length. 6:7 mm.

ALLoTYPE ©’. As in holotype ? except as follows: fore and mid trochanters and femora pale brown and
yellow; scutellar furrow with median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 7d); propodeum areolate with anterior
areola and anterior transverse carina complete (cf. Fig. 7d); fore wing partly clear basally (cf. Fig. 91c); 1st
metasomal tergum with distinct, longitudinal bump (cf. Fig. 14b); length 6-1 mm.

VARIATION GO 2. Pronotum yellow-orange to black, mesopleuron rarely brown-black anteriorly (5%); fore
wing patterns of holotype and allotype can occur in either sex; fore and mid legs entirely yellow (20%); mid
tibia rarely (5%) with 1 preapical spine; length of 2 6-3-7-4 mm; length of O' 5-1-6-7 mm.
DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 7. Known only from the type locality in Santa Catarina,
Brazil.

Holotype 9, Brazil: Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 7.v.1952 (Plaumann) (BMNH).

Paratypes. Allotype ©’, same data as holotype except 6.iv.1938; 11 9, 50 0’, same locality as holotype,
i.—iv. and xii., 1937-1936 (AEI, BMNH, CNC).

Alabagrus haenschi (Enderlein) comb. n.
(Fig. 4f, Map 3)
Astiria haenschi Enderlein, 1920: 207. Holotype 9, Guyana (MZP) [examined].

| Hototyre 9. Colour. Black, orange and yellow; black as follows: head except palpi, body of mesosoma,
hind coxa laterally and hind tarsus; yellow as follows: palpi, tegula, all legs except as described above;

370 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

anterior two-thirds of metasoma orange with some melanic mottling; fore wing banded from base as
follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (cf. Fig. 20a).

Head. Antenna with 44 flagellomeres, gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow
smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf.
Fig. 8a); median areola of metanotum shallow, lacking raised posterior margin (cf. Fig. 9a); sternaulus
weak, restricted to several foveae posteroventrally (Fig. 4f); metapleuron smooth (Fig. 4f); suture between
metepimeron and metepisternum smooth (Fig. 4f); propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 3
preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-6 x longer than
wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum evenly convex, without distinct bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-4
x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-7 X longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-9 x body
length, 3-2 x longer than hind femur.

Length. 8-8 mm.

MALE. Essentially as in female, not more heavily sculptured.

VARIATION 9 ©’. Colour varying from that of holotype to much lighter with most of mesosoma yellow; hind
femur often (50%) black; posterior transverse ridge of scutellum weak or absent (cf. Figs 7d and 8a);
median areola of metanotum sometimes with weak posterior margin (cf. Fig. 8a); rarely sternaulus longer
than that of holotype, up to 0-5 length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. Sc); carinae on metepimeral-metepisternal
suture very weak (cf. Fig. Sd) or absent (cf. Fig. 4f); ovipositor varying from 2-9—4-9 x longer than hind
femur.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 3. Widespread in South America, from Trinidad west to Peru
and east and south to Espirito Santo, Brazil.

Holotype 2, Guyana: Demerara, ii.—iii.1904 (Haensch) (MZP).

Identified specimens of this species are deposited in the following institutions: AEI, AMNH, BMNH,
CNC, MCZ, RNHL, SC, ZMHB.

Alabagrus imitatus (Cresson) comb. n.
(Figs 4b, 7b, 13c, Map 20)

Microdus imitatus Cresson, 1873: 51. Holotype 2, U.S.A. (ANSP) [examined].
Microdus nigrotrochantericus Viereck, 1905: 275. Holotype 2, U.S.A. (SMEK) [examined]. Syn. n.
Bassus floridanus Muesebeck, 1927: 31. Holotype 0’, U.S.A. (USNM) [examined]. Syn. n.

Hovotyre 2. Colour. Brownish black and yellowish orange; brownish black as follows: head, propleuron,
pronotum, mesopleuron ventrally, fore and mid legs, hind leg except coxa and femur; scutum and
scutellum brown and orange, brown peripherally; fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antennae broken (number of flagellomeres 39 according to original description); gena rounded
posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (Fig. 7b); scutum lacking median
longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7b); scutellar furrow with weak median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 7b); apex of
scutellum with well-defined, transverse, rugose, ridge (Fig. 7b); sternaulus foveolate, 0:5 Xx length of
mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 8c); border between metepimeron and metepisternum crenulate (Fig. 4b); meta-
pleuron rugose ventrally, becoming smooth with punctures dorsally (Fig. 4b); propodeum rugose with
lateral longitudinal carinae present and anterior transverse carina indicated (Fig. 7b); mid tibia lacking
preapical spines; hind tibia with 11 apical spines; hind femur mostly smooth ventrally with some rough
punctures medially (cf. Fig. 3b); hind femur 3-7 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum smooth with
sharply defined median longitudinal carina 0-5 x length of tergum (Fig. 13c); 1st tergum 1-5 x longer than
wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (Fig. 13c); 3rd
tergum without transverse carina (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 1-4 x body length, 6-3 x length of hind femur.

Length. 8-7 mm.

MALE. Similar to female except as follows: sculpture stronger everywhere, sternaulus 0-7 x length of
mesopleuron; transverse ridge of scutellum more rugose (Fig. 4b); propodeum distinctly areolate with
rugae within areola (cf. Fig. 8a); 1st metasomal segment with median longitudinal carina, and laterally
rugose (similar to Fig. 12c but usually less rugose).

VARIATION @. This rather common species varies considerably, especially in size and coloration. I am not
sure that it constitutes a single species but there seems to be continuous variation in all of the characters that
are usually useful in distinguishing species of Alabagrus. Variation as follows: fore leg often with some

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS a7

yellow, rarely all yellow; all areas that are dark brown in type can be black in other specimens; head rarely
deep reddish brown, usually (95%) much darker than metasoma; mesosoma, except propodeum,
metanotum, mesepimeron and metapleuron from completely black to orange-yellow; number of flagello-
meres 35-45; apical transverse ridge of scutellum absent (cf. Fig. 8a) to well developed (cf. Fig. 9b);
scutellum usually sloping gently to metanotum; sternaulus always well impressed though foveae can be
reduced; propodeal sculpture always reduced, usually rugose medially with poorly formed areolae,
becoming smooth laterally; sometimes almost smooth except for small remnants of median and lateral
longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 7c); mid tibia with 0—4 preapical spines, hind tibia with 7-15 apical spines; Ist
metasomal tergum with or without median longitudinal carina (cf. Figs 14a, 13c) and with or without short
anterolateral longitudinal carinae, 1st tergum 1-4—1-6 x longer than wide; metasoma rather long and slim;
ovipositor 1-4—1-5 x body length.

VARIATION ©’. The males are fairly homogeneous except for size and colour. They vary from 5-5—9-4 mm
and their mesosomata vary from completely yellow (as in the holotype of A. floridanus) to black anterad
propodeum.

Hosts. Two specimens from Costa Rica were reared from ‘Diatraea sp.’

Remarks. A male was originally described by Muesebeck (1927) as a separate species, Bassus floridanus.
Indeed, males are quite different from females of A. imitatus. However, all of these differences, which are
listed under the description of the male, are characters that are typically sexually dimorphic in other species
of Alabagrus, e.g. A. texanus and A. sanctus. Microdus nigrotrochantericus Viereck is also synonymized
with A. imitatus; the holotype of M. nigrotrochantericus is similar to that of A. imitatus except that it lacks a
keel on the 1st metasomal segment. This character is highly variable in A. imitatus in which the 1st
metasomal segment grades from completely smooth to possessing a strong median keel. Males of several
species of Alabagrus have a keel when females do not, e.g. A. texanus, A. arawak. Muesebeck (1927)
thought that A. nigrotrochantericus might be conspecific with A. imitatus but he lacked forms intermediate
between the two; his suspicions were correct.

Females of A. imitatus are very similar to those of A. sanctus but they are rather easily separated on two
characters. Females of A. sanctus have the propodeum much more areolated and the ovipositor is much
smaller (1-1 v. 1-4 x body length). Males of these species are more difficult to distinguish from one another.
In both species the propodeum is areolate. The only character known to distinguish them is coloration. A.
sanctus has a dark scutum and A. imitatus usually has a pale scutum through this colour difference cannot
be relied on to separate them. More males will have to be collected and associated with females to find
characters to separate the two.

A. sanctus has a more northerly distribution than A. imitatus (see Maps 16 and 20). No females of A.
sanctus have been found in the southern states of Florida, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, though males
that fit the colour pattern of A. sanctus are common in Florida and Georgia where A. imitatus is also
common. Iam not sure of the identity of these males. Their distributional data leads me to believe that they
are A. imitatus but their colour pattern suggests A. sanctus. Because there are some female specimens of A.
imitatus from Florida with black scuta I have tentatively placed these males with A. imitatus. Several of
these dark males were captured in the same locality and on the same date as females that are definitely A.
imitatus. I might revise my opinion on the status of these dark males if females of A. sanctus were found to
be widespread in Florida.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 20. Widespread in Mexico, Central America and the
south-eastern U.S.A. as far north as Kentucky.

Specimens from temperate regions (United States of America and northern Mexico) were collected
from April to October, most commonly from May to July. Tropical specimens were collected throughout
the year.

Holotype 2, Microdus imitatus Cresson, U.S.A.: Massachusetts (ANSP). Holotype 0’, Microdus
nigrotrochantericus Viereck, U.S.A.: Kansas, Douglas County (SMEK). Holotype 0’, Bassus floridanus
Muesebeck, U.S.A.: Florida, Biscayne Bay (USNM).

Specimens determined by me are deposited in the following institutions: AEI, AMNH, ANSP, CNC,
CU, FSCA, MCZ, MSEU, TAMU, UCB, UCV, UGA, USNM.

Alabagrus intimapa sp. n.

(Map 5)

Hototyre 2. Colour. Orange and black; head black; mesosoma orange except lateroventrally black;
metapleuron orange; fore and mid legs brownish black except tibiae and tarsi yellow; hind coxa orange

372 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

except black ventrolaterally; hind femur orange, otherwise hind leg brown to black; metasoma orange with
mottled brown patches; fore wing infuscate with yellow stigmal area and semi-clear basally (cf. Fig. 19c but
not as clear basally).

Head. Antenna with 39 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.
Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge well defined (cf. Fig. 7d);
scutellar furrow with small median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum (posterior) with
strong, rugose, transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); sternaulus foveolate, about 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf.
Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth
(Fig. 6c); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina lacking, anterior areola about 7 x longer than
posterior areola (cf. Fig. 9d); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur
with deep irregular punctures ventrally (cf. Fig. 3b); hind femur 4-5 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st
tergum slightly raised anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14a), 1-7 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum 1-6 x longer than
wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf.
Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 2-8 x length of hind femur.

Length. 7-2 mm.

ALLOTYPE ©’. As in holotype except: colour lighter, brown and yellowish orange; metasoma entirely
yellowish orange; anterior transverse carina of propodeum present; length 6-3 mm.

VaRIATION Q ©’. Coloration from brown and yellowish orange to black and reddish orange; rarely scutum
mottled with brown or black; metasoma with or without melanic mottling; anterior transverse carina of
propodeum rarely complete on male specimens (cf. Fig. 8d), never indicated on females (cf. Fig. 9d);
ovipositor 8—9 x body length; length 5-6—7-2 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 5. Known only from Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Holotype , Brazil: Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23’W 300-500 m, ii.1966 (Plaumann)
(BMNH).

Paratypes. Brazil: allotype ©’, same data as holotype except 18.xii.1961 (CNC); Santa Catarina: 8 9, 22
CO’, Nova Teutonia, 300-500 m, iii., iv., x., xii., 1938-1968 (Plaumann) (BMNH, CNC); 1 co’, Rio Grande
do Sol (Stieglmayr) (NHMV).

Alabagrus ixtilton sp. n.
(Map 10)

Ho.otyreE 9. Colour. All black except metatarsomeres brown; fore wing deeply infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 40 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally with obtuse angle posteriorly (cf.
Fig. 2c). Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed; median longitudinal ridge of scutum weak (cf. Fig. 9b); apex
of scutellum with strong even transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8d); sternaulus foveolate, 0-6 x length of
mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d);
metapleuron mostly smooth, rugose in ventral third and crenulate on margins (cf. Fig. 4a); propodeum
areolate, anterior transverse carina present (cf. Fig. 7d); mid tibia with 1 preapical spine; hind tibia with 6
apical spines; hind femur mostly smooth with weak rugae (cf. Fig. 3b), 4-4 x longer than wide. Metasoma.
1st tergum with weak smooth longitudinal ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. 14d); 1st tergum 1-7 X longer than
wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig.
14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 2:7 X length of
hind femur.

Length. 6-8 mm.

ALLOoTYPE C’. As in 2 holotype except: sternaulus 0-7 length of mesopleuron; length 7-5 mm.

VARIATION ? ©’. Most specimens are larger than the holotype and allotype which were chosen because they
are the only pair in good condition from the same locality. Coloration usually black, rarely (8%) with
scutum, pronotum and part of mesopleuron orange; sternaulus of varying lengths, always strong, never
reaching epicnemium; hind femur mostly smooth to rugo-punctate ventrally; anterior areola of prop-
odeum weak (cf. Fig. 8c), median longitudinal carina sometimes dividing anterior areola; mid tibia with
0-4 preapical spines; 1st metasomal tergum 1-4—1-7 x longer than wide; length 6-8—9-7 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 10. Western and southern Mexico.

Holotype 2, Mexico: Chiapas, 925 m, 32 km N. Huixtla, 5.vi.1969 (Mason) (CNC).

Paratypes. Mexico: allotype 0’, Chiapas, 925 m, 32-40 km N. Huixtla, 5.vi.1969 (Peterson) (CNC);
Chipas: 1 0’, 32-40 kmN. Huixtla, 900 m, 4.vi.1969 (Teskey) (CNC); 1 2, Suchiapa, 18.vii.1957 (Chemsak
& Rannels) (USNM); 1 9, 38 km W. Cintalapa, 12.viii.1963 (Parker & Stange) (USNM); 1 0’, 24 km W.

ee

w—e~,

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 373

Las Cruces, 27.vii.1952 (Gilbert & MacNeil) (USNM); 1 9, El Zapotal, 3-2 km S. Tuxtla Gutierrez,
9.vii.1957 (Hurd) (USNM); 1 Co’, 40 km S. Tuxtla Gutierrez, 12.viii.1963 (Parker & Stange) (USNM);
Colima: 2 2, 24 km S. Colima, 370 m, viii.1962 (Painter) (SEI); 1 9, Manzanillo, 12.vii.1956 (Dreisback)
(USNM); Guerrero; 1 9, Chilpancingo, 4600’ [1500 m], vii.1904 (Smith) (BMNH); 1 @, Rincon, 2800’
[920 m], x.1904 (Smith) (BMNH); 1 @, 1 C’, Tierra Colorada, 2000’ [660 m], x.1904 (Smith) (BMNH);

| Jalisco: 1 9, 14 mi. [22 km] S. Antlan, 3.viii.1978 (Plitt & Schaffner) (TAMU); 1 2, Chamela, 1.—8.x.1985
(Parker & Griswold) (CNC); 1 9, Puente Barranquitas, 29 km NW. Magdalena, 900 m, 10.x.1975 (Powell

& Chemsak) (CB); Morelos: 1 9, 8 km E. Cuernavaca, 16.vii.1963 (Parker & Stange) (USNM);19,5km
N. Alpugeca, 1000 m, 10.viii.1962 (Evans) (MCZ); 1 9, Yautepec, 31.vii.1963 (Parker & Stange)
(USNM); Nayarit: 1 2, 1 o’, Campostella, 16.ix.1957 (Dreisbach) (MSEU); 3 9, 2 o’, Tepic, ix.1957
(Dreisbach) (MSEU); Oaxaca: 1 2, 69 km W. Tehuntepec, 22.viii.1963 (Weems) (FSCA); 1 9, 62 km SE.

_ Oaxaca, 1.ix.1963 (Painter) (MCZ); 1 2, 4-8 km W. El Camaraon, 6.viii.1963 (Parker & Stange) (USNM);

12, 70km W. Tehuantepec, 21.vii.1952 (UCB); Sinaloa: 1 9,4kmN. Mazatlan, 11.viii.1970 (Wasbauer)
(UCB).

Alabagrus janzeni sp. n.
(Figs 11a, 11c, Map 9)

Ho tortyre 9. Colour. Black and yellow, black as follows: head except palpi, nesosoma except metapleuron
and propodeum, hind coxa basally; hind tarsus and tibia apically; metasoma except metapleuron and
propodeum, hind coxa basally; hind tarsus and tibia apically; metasoma in distal third; fore wing with
distinct bands, coloured from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (cf. Fig. 18d).

Head. Antenna with 45 flagellomeres, gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Metasoma. Notauli well
impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); scutum with very weak median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow
smooth with weak indication of median carina (cf. Fig. 7c); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse
ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus well impressed with large foveae, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. Sc);
border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with
several carinae on margins (cf. Fig. 5c), propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 8 preapical spines;
hind tibia with 6 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-0 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. 1st tergum with long, smooth, longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 11c); lst tergum 1-4 x longer than
wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; both terga 2 and 3 with transverse depression (cf. Fig.
13b); ovipositor equal to body length, 3-9 x length of hind femur.

Length. 8-9 mm.

VARIATION. Costa Rican paratype essentially as in holotype; Venezuelan specimen somewhat darker and
with posterior transverse carina present on propodeum (Fig. 11c).

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 9. Known from Costa Rica and Venezuela but probably
occurring between the two locations.

Holotype 9 , Costa Rica: Guanacaste, Santa Rosa Park, 19.viii.1977 (Janzen) (AEI).

Paratypes. Costa Rica: 1 2 , Guanacaste, Santa Rosa Park, 14.ix.1977 (Janzen) (AEI). Venezuela: 1 9,

Aragua, Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 7.vi.1951 (Requena) (UCV).

Alabagus jatungepisp. n.
(Map 11)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Black and orange; head including antenna black; mesosoma orange except
scutellum; metanotum, most of pronotum and metapleuron, and part of mesopleuron all black; legs black,
except fore tarsus, hind trochanter and parts of hind femur light brown to yellow; 1st metasomal tergum
and most of 2nd tergum orange, remainder of metasoma black; fore wing infuscate except stigmal area
yellow (cf. Fig. 17e).

Head. Antenna with 49 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b); sharp ridge laterad
clypeus; occiput deeply excavated medially; inner angle of occipital excavation sharp (cf. Fig. 1b).
Mesosoma. Notauli weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 8c);
scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus composed of several small foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 5a);

_ border between metepimeron and metepisternum smooth, lacking crenulae (cf. Fig. 4f); metapleuron

smooth (cf. Fig. Sd); carina between propodeum and metapleuron weak, rounded; propodeum smooth (cf.
Fig. 10c); mid tibia lacking preapical spines; hind tibia with 4 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally
(cf. Fig. 3e), 4-5 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum smooth, strongly convex (cf. Fig. 14b), 1-2 x

374 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

longer than wide; 2nd tergum with distinct transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking
transverse depression (cf. 14d); 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; ovipositor about 1-5 x body
length, 6:5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 10-7 mm.

VARIATION @. The three paratypes are similar to the holotype in most respects except minor variations in
measured characters and major differences in coloration. The paratypes are coloured as follows:
mesosoma black except propodeum orange; legs all dark except coxae can be yellow mesally; fore and mid
legs yellow at points of articulation, tarsi yellow; hind femur partially yellow; metasoma yellow except
apically black; fore wing coloration usually as in holotype, one paratype has fore wing clear basally; length
9-3-10-7 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 11. Known from Panama, Colombia and Peru.

Holotype 9, Peru: Cusco, Santa Isabel, Cosnipata River (part of Paucartambo River), 1700 m, 16.i1.1952
(Woytkowski) (USNM).

Paratypes. Colombia: Meta: 1 9, Villavicencio, 450 m (Bequaert) (MCZ). Panama: 1 9, El Germeno,
iv.—v.1939 (Zetek) (USNM). Peru: Lambayeque: 1 9, 1 mi [1-6 km] SW. Chiclayo, fertile irrigated region
in arid coastal desert, 22.viii.1971 (Broomfield) (BMNH).

Alabagrus juchuy sp. n.
(Fig. 2c, Map 6)

Hotortype 2. Colour. Orange, black and yellow; black as follows: head (antenna slightly lighter shade)
excluding palpi, prothorax, mesepisternum, scutellum medially, all leg segments except fore and mid tarsi,
metasomal tergum 8; yellow as follows: palpi, tegula, fore and mid tarsi; remainder of body orange; fore
wing infuscate with stigma mostly yellow and base of wing almost clear (cf. Fig. 19c).

Head. Antenna with 36 flagellomeres; gena with obtuse angle posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2c). Mesosoma.
Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. 8a);
scutellar furrow lacking distinct longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth with some
irregularities (cf. Fig. 9a); median areola of metanotum not excavated, posterior margin not elevated (cf.
Fig. 9a); sternaulus foveolate, 0-4 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. Sc); border between metepisternum
and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae ventrally and on
margins (cf. Fig. 5f); propodeum areolate, anterior median areola with weak margins, anterior transverse
carina weak (cf. Fig. 9a); mid tibia with 1 preapical spine; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur smooth
ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-7 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with median longitudinal ridge, 0-3 x
length of tergum (cf. Fig. 13d); 1st tergum 1-6 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8 x body
length, 2:8 x length of hind femur.

Length. 5-2 mm.

ALLOTYPE CG’. As in the holotype 9 except as follows: scutum and scutellum reddish brown to black, fore
and mid tibiae yellowish brown, sterna and laterotergites of metasoma yellow; metapleuron rugose in
ventral third (cf. Fig. 4a); propodeum completely areolate, all carinae strong (cf. Fig. 7d); 1st metasomal
tergum with stronger central ridge and some rugae.

VARIATION 2 ©’. Coloration varies considerably; scutum and scutellum vary from orange to black; hind
femur varies from completely melanic (90%) to mostly orange; fore wing clear to infuscate basally (cf. Figs
19c, 17e), and area around stigma as well as stigma can be yellow (50%).

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 6. Widespread from Costa Rica south to northern Argentina.

Holotype 9, Trinidad: Curepe, 20.i.1978 (BMNH).

Paratypes. Argentina: Sante Fe: 2 9, Rosario, 24.i.1922 (Hubrich) (ZSBS). Bolivia: Beni, 2 2, 20 km
W. Laranjeiras, 3.—5.viii.1964 (Bouseman & Lussenhop) (AMNH). Brazil: Bahia: 1 9, Ceara, Ser. do
Araripe, 850 m, 19.v.1969 (Alvarenga) (AEI); 2 9, Itabuna, Cepec, ii.1983 and 12.—15.iii.1983 (Benton)
(BMNH); Guanabara: 1 Q, Est. Rio de Janeira, Silva Jardin, iii.1974 (Oliveira) (CNC); 5 2, Represa Rio
Grande, vi.1967 (Alvarenga) (AEI); Minas Gerais: 1 9, 1930 (Hambleton) (CU); Para: 3 2, 1 &’, Rio
Acara, 1930 (Horvath) (TMB); 1 OC’, Braganza, (Merrill) (USNM); Parana: 1 o’, Campina Grande nr
Curitiba, 20.ii.1966, (Townes) (AEI); Pernambuco: 3 ?, Carnaru, iv.1972 (Alvarenga) (AEI, CNC); 1’,
Petrolina, v.1969 (Alvarenga) (AEI); Sao Paulo: 1 O’, Barueri, 13.i.1962 (Lenko) (NHMV). Colombia:
Valle de Cauca: 1 , Cali, Western Cordillera, [2,000 m,] 24.i.1935 (Schwarz) (AMNH); District Especial:
19,10, Bogota (Lindig) (ZMHB); Tolima: 1 2, Armero, 30.ii.1977 (Peyton) (USNM). Costa Rica: 1 9,
Turrialba, viii.1963 (Porter) (MCZ). Dominica: 1 C’, Cassada Gardins, 19.ii.1964 (Bray) (USNM);5 9, 2

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 375

CO’, Clarke Hall, Layou Valley (Evans) (USNM); 2 CO’, La Plaine, 29.x.1966 (Gurney) (USNM);10',1 9,
nr mouth of Layou River, 13.ii.1965 and 13.111.1965 (Evans) (USNM); 1 OC’, Roseau, 8.iii.1965 (Evans)
(USNM); 1 Co’, Roseau, 22.vi. (Ross) (MCZ); 2 0’, Roseau Valley, 9.x. 1937 (Richards) (BMNH); 1 9, 2-4
km N. Pont Casse, 12.ii.1965 (Wirth) (USNM); 3-2 km E. Pont Casse, 8.iv.1966 (Gagne) (USNM); 1 9,
Ridgefield, xi.1963 (Bennett) (CIBC); 1 2, 6-4 km, NE. Salisbury, 650 m, 17.ii.1965 (Evans) (USNM); 2
?,S. Chiltern, 520 m, 19.ii.1965 (Evans) (USNM); 1 9, 5 G’, Foote, vi.—vii.1913 (USNM); 1 CO (Ramage)
'(BMNH); 4 o& (BMNH). Grenada: 3 ©’, Balthazar (Smith) (BMNH, USNM); 3 co’, 6 2, Mt Gay Est.
(Smith) (BMNH, USNM); 1 9, St George’s (Smith) (BMNH); 1 0’, Vendome Est. (Smith) (BMNH).
| Panama: 2 9, Bella Vista, 7. viii. 1924 (Banks) (MCZ); 1 0’, Las Cumbres, 17.—30. iii. 1982 (Wolda) (CNC).
/Peru: Cuzco: 2 2, 1 0’, Quince Mil, 750 m, nr. Marcapata, 10.—15.xi.1962 (Pena) (AEI, SC). Saint
Vincent: 11 ©, 37 &, 1-300 m (Smith) (BMNH, CNC, USNM). Surinam: 1 2, Republiek, 25.ii.1966
| (Vreden) (RNHL). Trinidad: allotype o’, St George, St Augustine, viii.1976 (BMNH); 1 co’, Comuto,
| Arepo (Thaxter) (MCZ); 2 9, Curepe, 31.xi. and 17.xii.1978 (CNC); 2 9, St George, St Augustine,
| viii.1976 (BMNH). Venezuela: Bolivar: 1 9, Akuriman, x.1940 (Anduze) (CU); Miranda: 1 9, Caracas to
El Sombrero, 9.—12.ix.1927 (Holt) (USNM); Monagas: 1 2, Centro de Abejas, La Guna Grande St. Pk.,
_15.-20.xi.1980 (Kukuk) (SC).

Alabagrus kagaba sp. n.
(Fig. 20d, Map 22)

|Hototyre 9. Colour. Black and orange; orange as follows: palpi distally, fore tarsus, propodeum,
metapleuron in dorsal third, hind coxa and femur, metasoma except distal fifth; fore wing yellowish hyaline
in basal third and in large area around stigma, otherwise infuscate (Fig. 20d).

| Head. Antenna with 48 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
| deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); median longitudinal ridge of scutum very weak (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar
| furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with weak transverse ridge (cf.
Fig. 7c); sternaulus short, represented by 2 large foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. Sf); border between
metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with large crenulae
along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 4e); propodeum very wide (cf. Fig. 7a), mostly smooth with posterior median
areola and posterior transverse carinae weakly indicated (cf. Fig. 9c); mid tibia with 8 preapical spines;
hind tibia with 12 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-1 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. \st tergum with weak bump medially (cf. Fig. 14a); 1st tergum 0-9 x as long as wide; 2nd plus
3rd tergum 0-9 x as long as wide; both 2nd and 3rd terga with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 13b);
Ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 3-5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 9-6 mm.

ALLotyPE ©’. As in holotype except: pronotum orange-black; propodeum with slightly more sculpture,
anterior median areola indicated; anteromedial bump of Ist metasomal tergum larger; length 9-8 mm.

VARIATION 9 ©’. Antennal flagellomeres orange-brown to black; palpi yellow to brown; areas that are
orange in the holotype are from orange to reddish brown; hind trochanter can be pale and concolorous with
femur and coxa or hind trochanter contrastingly dark; posterior transverse ridge of scutellum weak to
absent (cf. Figs 7d, 8a); propodeum with more sculpture (cf. Fig. 6e); mid tibia with S—10 preapical spines;
hind tibia with 8-15 apical spines; length 9-8—10-8 mm; in the sole O available besides the allotype the
anterior median areola of the propodeum is well defined.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 22. Vera Cruz, Mexico south through Central America and
the Caribbean countries of South America.

Holotype 9, Colombia: Magdalena Valley, El Banco (Allen) (BMNH).

Paratypes. Brazil: Minas Gerais: 1 9, Lassance, 9.—19.xi.1919 (Harris) (Lot 569, CU) [validity of the
locality data of this specimen questionable]. Colombia: allotype ©’, same data as holotype. Honduras: 1 9,
La Paz, 23.vi.1979 (Chemsak, Michelbacher & Middlekauff) (UCB). Costa Rica: 2 9, Guanacaste, Santa
Rosa Park, 7. and 23.vii.1977 (Janzen) (AEI); 1 9, Canas, 1.-15.xi.1976 (Haber) (AEI). Mexico:
Veracruz: 1 9, Cotaxtia, Exp. Stat., 12.vii.1962 (Janzen) (UCB). Venezuela: Monagas, 1 ©’, Jusepin,
: 18.x.1965 (Fernandez & Rosales) (UCV).

: Alabagrus kiska sp. n.
(Figs 1b, 5d, 10a, 20b, 20c, Map 4)

| Hotoryre 9. Colour. Yellowish brown except as follows: head brown to black except antenna; fore wing
| lightly infuscate, with darker parastigmal spot and stigmal area yellow (cf. Fig. 20b).

376 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Head. Antenna with 50 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 12b); occiput deeply
excavated medially; inner angle of occipital excavation sharp (cf. Fig. 1b). Mesosoma. Notauli weakly
impressed (cf. Fig. 5d); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 8c); scutellar furrow smooth,
lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a);
sternaulus composed of one weak fovea posteroventrally and weak smooth groove 0-3 x length of
mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 5d); border between metepimeron and metepisternum mostly smooth with several
weak crenulae or short ridges (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth (cf. Fig. 5d); carina between propodeum
and metapleuron weak, smooth; propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10a); fore tibia lacking preapical spines along
outer surface; mid tibia lacking preapical spines along outer surface; hind tibia with 4 apical spines; hind
femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-5 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum smooth, convex (cf.
Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-7 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-7 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor
about 1-1 x body length, 6-6 X length of hind femur.

Length. 11-0 mm.

ALLOoTYPE ©’. As the holotype except as follows: antenna with 54 flagellomeres, propodeum with several
weak carinae medially (weaker than in Fig. 7b); hind femur 4 x wider than long; body length 9-1 mm.

VARIATION 2 ©’. This species varies considerably more than most members of the genus. Colour varies
from pale as in the holotype to melanic as follows: black, except antennal flagellomeres orange, palpi,
tegula, fore leg and mid leg all yellow and metasoma reddish orange; fore wing pattern of 3 basic types as
follows: lightly infuscate with brown parastigmal spot and yellow stigmal area (cf. Fig. 20b), deeply
infuscate with yellow stigmal area (cf. Fig. 17e), infuscate with basal area and stigmal area yellow (Fig.
20c); intermediates of these three patterns also exist; flagellomere number varies between 50 and 60; fore
and mid tibiae with 0-8 preapical spines; propodeum with weak carina in all male and 20% of female
specimens, remainder (80% of females) with smooth propodea; 1RS cell of fore wing varies from triangular
(80%) to subquadrate; metasomal terga can be wider than in the type; 1st tergum as little as 1-3 x longer
than wide; hind femur 3-4—4-1 x longer than wide; ovipositor 0-8—1-3 x body length (this character usually
varies little in most other species of Alabagrus). Length 6-5—12-5 mm.

REMARKS. This species is unique in that most specimens (80%) have preapical spines on the fore tibia.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 4. Brazilian Highlands and north-eastern Argentina.
Holotype 9, Brazil: Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23'W (Plaumann) (BMNH).
Paratypes. Argentina: Misiones, 2 2, Catarates del Iguazu, 5.—9.ix.1970 (Porter & Stange) (IML).

Brazil: allotype CO’, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23’W, 27.xii.1938 (Plaumann) (BMNH);

Minas Gerais: 1 9, Pedra Azul, xi.1972 (Alvarenga) (CNC); Parana: 2 9 , Campina Grande, nr Cutiba, 15.

and 19.ii.1966 (Townes) (AEI); 1 9, Foz do Iguacu, 19.vii.1961 (Krauss) (USNM); Santa Catarina: 87 9,

14 0’, Nova Teutonia, 27°11’S, 52°23"W (BMNH, CNC, SC).

Alabagrus laevis (Enderlein) comb. n.
(Map 4)
Craspedobothrus laevis Enderlein, 1920: 206-207. Holotype CO’, Brazi_ (MZP) [examined].

Hovotyre ©’. Colour. Yellowish orange, black and light brown, black as follows: head except mouthparts,
propleuron and most of propodeum, mid and hind coxa, tibia and tarsus, hind femur in apical fifth,
metasoma distal to tergum 3; pale brown as follows: fore and mid femora and mid tibia, remainder of insect
yellowish orange including most of mesosoma and metasoma; fore wing with two wide pale bands, stigma
yellow (cf. Fig. 18d).

Head. Antenna with ? flagellomeres (antennae broken); gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2f).
Mesosoma. Notauli weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge; scutellar
furrow lacking carinae, smooth; apex of scutellum (posterior) smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig.
8a); sternaulus weakly indicated as groove posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 5d); border between metepisternum
and metepimeron smooth, lacking crenulae; metapleuron smooth (cf. Fig. 4f); propodeum smooth (cf.
Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 4 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally, 3-8
x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with strong bump anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14a but larger); 1st
tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression; 3rd tergum lacking transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 12d); 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-2 x longer than wide.

Length. 10-0 mm.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 377

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 4. Known only from the type locality, Para, Brazil.
Holotype ©’, Craspedobothrus laevis Enderlein, Brazil: Para, Obidos, iv.—v.1906 (Hoffmans) (MZP).

Alabagrus latisoma sp. n.
(Figs 3e, 7a, 13b, Map 7)

Hototyre . Colour. Black except: palpi yellow, fore tarsus entirely and middle tarsus partially yellow;
medial portion of fore coxa and mid coxa and mesopleuron ventrally, all reddish black; hind coxa,
trochanter, femur and tibia basally all red; metapleuron, propodeum, and first 3 metasomal segments all
red; fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 40 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli well
impressed (Fig. 7a); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (Fig. 7a); scutellar furrow with median
longitudinal carina (Fig. 7a); apex of scutellum with transverse rugose ridge (Fig. 7a); sternaulus weak,
represented by 2 large foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. Sf); border between metepisternum and mete-
pimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with large foveae on all margins (cf. Fig. 5c);
propodeum wide, areolate (Fig. 7a); mid tibia with about 6 preapical spines; hind tibia with about 25 apical
spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-1 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with

strong, long, median longitudinal carina (Fig. 13b); 1st tergum 1-1 x wider than long; 2nd plus 3rd tergum
1-1 X wider than long; 2nd tergum with deep transverse depression; 3rd tergum with shallow transverse
depression (Fig. 13b); ovipositor 0-6 x body length, 2-6 x length of hind femur.

Length. 8-0 mm.

ALLotyPE ©’. As in holotype 9 except: mesosoma lighter in coloration ventrally; metapleuron almost
completely rugose; metasomal terga wider; length 7-7 mm.

VaRIATION Q GC’. Colour varies slightly, mesosoma entirely black ventrally, metasoma entirely red, mid

tarsus black; fore wing from mostly infuscate to yellowish infuscate in basal two-thirds and infuscate

distally (cf. Fig. 19a); weak longitudinal ridge present on scutum, anteriorly (cf. Fig. 9b); metapleuron

variable in sculpture, from mostly smooth with areolae restricted to margins (cf. Fig. 5c) to entirely
_areolate (cf. Fig. 4c); length 6-8—9-9 mm.

|

|

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 7. Widespread from southern Panama to northern Argentina
and east to Para, apparently absent from the Brazilian Highlands.

Holotype 9, Argentina: Jujuy, Yuto, 11.i.1966 (Townes) (AEI).

Paratypes. Argentina: allotype 0’, same data as holotype except 10.i.1966; Entre Rios: 1 2 Pronun-
: ciamiento, xii.1963 (CNC); Juyuy: 5 9, same data as holotype; Salta: 1 9, Oran, Abra Crande,
| 18.iv.—5.v.1969 (Porter) (MCZ). Brazil: Para: 1 9, Rio Acara, 1930 (Horvath) (TMB). Colombia: Valle
| del Cauca: 2 9, Buenaventura, iv.1965 (Michelbacher) (UBC). Ecuador: Esmeraldas: 1 9 , San Lorenzo, 5
-m, 3.—10.vi.1975 (Peck) (AEI); Guayas: 1 2, Guayaquil, 1930 (USNM). Guyana: 1 2, 1908 (Rodway)
| (BMNH). Panama: 1 9, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado, 19.vii.1923 (Shannon) (USNM). Peru: Pasco: 1 9,
Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis, 18.—19.vii.1920 (CU). Surinam: 1 ©’, Clevia, Paramaribo, 1.v.1963 (Van
Doesburg) (RNHL); 1 9, Paramaribo, 14.-16.i.1964 (Geijskes) (RNHL); 2 2, Saint Barbara Pin.,
Suriname River, 15.iv.1927 (CU). Trinidad: 1 9 , Centeno, 22.i.1960 (CNC); 3 2, Curepe, xi. and xii.1977
| (Mason) (MC); 1 2, Curepe, 10.i.1979 (CNC); 1 0’, Curepe, viii.1978 (CNC); 10 2,5 0’, Curepe, viii., x.

and xi.1976 (Bennett) (BMNH); 1 2, Maracas Valley, xi.1977 (Bennett) (BMNH); 3 9, 3 C’. Saint
_ Augustine, viii.1976 (BMNH); 1 9, Saint Augustine, 15.vi.—13.viii.1976 (Noyes) (BMNH); 1 @, Saint
Augustine, 19.vi.1961 (Gopaul) (CNC); 1 9, Saint Augustine, 2.1.1953 (Simmonds) (CNC); 1 Q, Saint
Augustine, 2.i1.1953 (Simmonds) (CNC); 1 2, Saugre-Grande, x.1959 (CNC); 1 9, 1 OC’, Spring Hill,
Arima, 370 m, 10.xii.1952 (Simmonds) (CIBC); 1 0’, 25.xi.1928 (Myers) (BMNH).

J

Alabagrus Iatreillei (Spinola) comb. n.
(Figs 2a, 20a, Map 7)

Agathis latreillei Spinola, 1840: 191-192. Holotype 9, FRENCH GUIANA (MIZT) [examined].
Agathis lepida Brullé, 1846: 497. Holotype 2, CENTRAL AMERICA (MNHP) [examined].
‘Craspedobothrus fuscovittatus Enderlein, 1920: 206. Holotype 2 , SuRINAM (MZP) [examined].

Hototyee 9. Colour. Black and orange; black as follows: head except palpi, body of mesosoma except
propodeum, hind coxa laterally, hind tarsus; fore wing with distinct bands coloured from base as follows:
yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (Fig. 20a).

378 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Head. Antenna with 51 to 54 flagellomeres (antenna broken on type); gena acute posteroventrally (Fig.
2a). Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); scutum with weak median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig.
9b); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking lc1gitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with weak,
rounded transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); sternaulus 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 5c), composed of
large foveae; border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron
mostly smooth with large areolae on ventral and posterior margins (cf. Fig. 5e); propodeum smooth (cf.
Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia with 4—S apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally
(cf. Fig. 3e), 4-4 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with long smooth median ridge (cf. Fig. 13a);
1st tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with distinct
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 1-0
x body length, 3-5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 10-0 mm.

MALE. Essentially as in female.

VARIATION CO @. Laterotergites of metasoma can be yellow, paler than median tergites; scutum can have
some pale colour peripherally; orange colour of holotype can be yellow; hind coxa and metapleuron vary
from yellow to black; metasoma can have some black mottling dorsally; one male specimen has some weak
sculpture on propodeum anteriorly; median carinae on metasomal tergum 1 sometimes much reduced; 1st
tergum 1-0—1-2 x longer than wide; ovipositor 0-9—1-0 x body length.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 7. Widespread though rare from the Canal Zone of Panama
east to Surinam and through the Amazon Basin south to Brazilia and southern Bahia.

Holotype 2, Agathis latreillei, French Guiana: Cayenne, 1839 (Lepriene) (MIZI). Holotype 9 , Agathis
lepida, ‘’ Amérique méridionale’ (MNHP). Holotype 2, Craspedobothrus fuscovittatus, Surinam: v.—ix.,
(Fruhstorfer) (MZP).

Specimens that I have determined are deposited in the following institutions: AEI, CNC, RNHL.

Alabagrus leptosoma sp. n.
(Map 12)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Black except: palpi yellow, fore and mid tarsi yellow; fore and mid tibia partly
yellow; hind trochanter, femur and tibia brownish orange; anterior two-thirds of metasoma orange; fore
wing with distinct bands coloured from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (cf. Fig. 18d).

Head. Antenna with ? flagellomeres (antennae broken); gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e).
Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); scutum with weak median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 9b);
scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking ridge
and rugae (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus well impressed, with large foveae, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig.
5c); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth except
for large crenulae ventrally (cf. Fig. 5c); propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 3 preapical
spines; hind tibia with 7 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-2 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. 1st tergum with long, smooth, median, longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 13a); lst tergum 2-0 Xx
longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 2-0 x longer than wide; both terga 2 and 3 with transverse depression
(cf. Fig. 13b); ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 3-7 x longer than hind femur.

Length. 11-5 mm.

VARIATION Q. Sole paratype essentially as in holotype.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 12. Surinam.
Holotype 9, Surinam: Sipaliwini, 12.vi.1963 (Van Doesburg) (RNHL).
Paratype. Surinam: 1 2, Republiek, 21.iii.1965 (Broekhuizen) (RNHL) [head missing].

Alabagrus levipodeum sp. n.
(Map 7)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Orange except black as follows: head except palpi, propleuron, pronotum, all coxae,
fore and mid trochanters, fore, mid and most of hind femur, hind tarsus and metasoma terminally; fore
wing yellow basally with sharply defined infuscate band in distal quarter (cf. Fig. 19d).

Head. Antenna with ? flagellomeres (antennae broken after segment 40), gena acute posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d), scutum with well-defined, median,
longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 379

scutellum with sharply defined transverse ridge but lacking rugae (cf. Fig. 8d); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x
length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 5c); metapleuron smooth except for several weak crenulae along
metepisternal metepimeral border (cf. Fig. Sd); propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); carinae between
propodeum and metapleuron absent anteriorly; mid tibia with 1 preapical spine; hind tibia with 3 apical
spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-8 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf.
Fig. 14a), 1-8 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd terga 1-9 x longer than wide; 2nd and 3rd terga lacking
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 15a); ovipositor 0-9 x body length, 3-1 x length of hind femur.
Length. 8-5 mm.

ALLoTyPE ©’. As in holotype 2 except metapleuron partly melanic, hind femur 4-5 x longer than wide.

DIsTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 7. Huanuco, Peru.
Holotype 9, Peru: Huanuco, Tingo Maria, 620 m, 20.—27.i.1968 (Garcia & Porter) (MCZ).
Allotype ©’, Peru: Huanuco, Yanayacu, Rio Pachitea, 14.vii.1961 (Schunke) (BMNH).

Alabagrus Ilampu sp. n.
(Map 12)

Hotortyre 2. Colour. Reddish orange and black with some yellow; fore tarsus yellow; apical flagellomeres
pale yellow; black as follows: head including palpi and basal flagellomeres, mesosoma ventrally, fore leg
excluding tarsus, mid leg, trochanter of hind leg and metanotum; remainder of body reddish orange; fore
wing infuscate with stigmal area yellow (cf. Fig. 17e).

Head. Antenna with 49 flagellomeres, gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
very weak (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 8c); scutellar furrow mostly
smooth, 1 median carina weakly indicated posteriorly (cf. Fig. 7c); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus well impressed with foveae extending 0-5 x length of mesopleuron

(cf. Fig. Sc, but with more and smaller foveae); border between metepisternum and metepimeron
crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth except for crenulae on margins (cf. Fig. 4e); propodeum with

weak longitudinal carina and slightly rugose medially (cf. Fig. 7b, but weaker); mid tibia with 3 preapical
spines, hind tibia with 8 apical spines; hind femur smooth with large punctures ventrally (cf. Fig. 3b); 3-5 x
longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14b), 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum
1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d), area posterad depression
higher than anterior section (cf. Fig. 12d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d);
ovipositor 0-9 x body length, 3-2 x length of hind femur.

Length. 6:8 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 12. Known only from the type locality in Santa Caterina,
Brazil.

Holotype 9, Brazil: Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23’ W, 300-500 m, ix.1966 (Plaumann)
(CNC).

Alabagrus lokono sp. n.
(Map 3)

Ho toryre 9. Colour. Black, orange and yellow; black as follows: head except palpi, body of mesosoma,
hind coxa posteriorly, patches on metasomal terga, and metasoma in distal fifth; yellow as follows: palpi,
all legs except part of hind coxa, hind tarsus except darkening distally, and tegula; most of metasoma
orange; fore wing banded from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (cf. Fig. 19d).

Head. Antenna with 43 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow
smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with weak, smooth, transverse ridge
(cf. Fig. 7d); sternaulus weak, foveolate, 0-3 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 5e); metapleuron smooth
(cf. Fig. 5d) except for several weak crenulae between metepisternum and metepimeron (weaker than in
Fig. Se); propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); carina between metapleuron and propodeum absent except in

| posterior tenth of border; mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur

smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-8 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex, without distinct
bump (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-6 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-6 x longer than wide; 2nd
tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression; ovipositor 0-6
x body length, 2-1 x longer than hind femur.

Length. 8-0 mm.

380 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

VARIATION Q. Lateral lobes of scutum often orange, rarely entire scutum orange; metasoma with black
coloration restricted to distal fifth; sternaulus often longer, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 5c);
posterior transverse ridge of scutellum can be weaker; suture between metepimeron and metepisternum
sometimes smooth (cf. Fig. 4f).

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 3. Widespread but rare in Mato Grosso, the eastern foothills
of the Andes and the Guyanas.

Holotype 9. Surinam: Republiek, 5.ii.1963 (Geijskes) (AEI).

Paratypes. Brazil: Mato Grosso: 2 9, Sinop, x.1974 (Alvarenga) (CNC). Guyana: 1 9, Mazaruni, 2nd
growth low forest, 23.viii.1937 (Richards & Smart) (BMNH). Peru: Loreto: 2 2, Pucallpa, 20. and
23.xi.1962 (Schunke) (BMNH).

Alabagrus maculipes (Cameron) comb. n.
(Fig. 17c, Map 21)

Microdus maculipes Cameron, 1887: 404. Holotype 0’, GUATEMALA (BMNH) [examined].
Microdus trochanteratus Cameron, 1905: 50. Holotype 9, NiIcARAGUA (BMNH) [examined].

Ho otype ©’. Colour. Yellowish orange except the following areas brown to black: antenna, mid tibia in
distal fifth, hind trochanter, hind tibia in distal fifth; fore wing infuscate with yellowish hue present in basal
half (Fig. 17c).

Head. Antenna with 33 to 38 flagellomeres (antennae broken on type, number based on conspecific
specimens); gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig.
7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow with median longitudinal
carina (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum smooth with weak transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); sternaulus rather
weak, consisting of several deep foveae posteroventrally and smooth groove 0-5 x length of mesopleuron
(similar to Fig. 14f but smoother); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig.
5d); metapleuron mostly smooth, margined by crenulae (cf. Fig. 4e); propodeum areolate, all crenulae
present (cf. Fig. 7b); mid tibia with 3 preapical spines (cf. Fig. 3d); hind tibia with 5 apical spines; hind
femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-4 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with small longitudinal
bump anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14a); 1st tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-2 x longer
than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 14d).

Length. 5-7 mm.

FEMALE. As in male except as follows: ovipositor 0-7 x body length, 2-4 x length of hind femur; fore wing
usually pale yellow basally with distinct infuscate band terminally (cf. Fig. 9a); propodeal sculpture
sometimes weaker than male, i.e. anterior transverse carinae weak and absent laterally (cf. Fig. 9a).

VaRIATION 2 ©’. Head orange (90%) to black (5%); mid and hind trochanters orange to black; fore and
mid femur sometimes melanic in distal half; fore and mid tibia sometimes partly melanic; fore wing from
completely infuscate (cf. Fig. 16) to yellowish hyaline basally and infuscate in distal third (cf. Fig. 19a);
antenna with 33-38 flagellomeres; posterior transverse ridge of scutellum present or absent (cf. Figs 8a and
7d), if present then smooth or at most with several weak rugae (cf. Fig. 7c); anterior transverse carina of
propodeum present or absent (cf. Figs 9b and 7d); ovipositor 0-7—0-8 x body length, 2-3—2-6 x length of
hind femur; body length 4-4—6-9 mm.

REMARKS. The holotype of A. trochanteratus (Cameron) is very similar to that of A. maculipes except for
some darker coloration on the fore and hind legs of the former.

Some populations of A. maculipes show sexual dimorphism in wing pattern; for example, in Trinidad all
males have the fore wing evenly infuscate and all females have a clear wing with an infuscate distal band (cf.
Fig. 19a). In other populations this pattern does not seem to hold; in fact elsewhere, rarely, there are males
with infuscate distal bands.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 21. From the mid latitudes of Mexico south through Central
America, Cuba to the Caribbean countries of South America.

Holotype ©’, Microdus maculipes Cameron, Guatemala: San Geromino, (Champion) (BMNH).
Holotype 2, Microdus trochanteratus Cameron, Nicaragua: San Marcos, (Baker) (BMNH).

Specimens that I have identified are deposited in the following institutions: AE], AMNH, ANSP,
BMNH, CIBC, CNC, CU, FSCA, IML, LFAZ, NHMV, RNHL, SMEK, SC, TAMU, USNM, UCB,
UCV, UGA.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 381
Alabagrus marginatifrons (Muesebeck) comb. n.
(Map 16)
Bassus marginatifrons Muesebeck, 1927: 30-31. Holotype 9, U.S.A. (USNM) [examined].

Ho totyre 9. Colour. Yellowish brown except head brownish black; hind trochanter, tarsus and hind tibia
distally all brown; fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 49 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
well impressed (cf. Fig. 7b); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow with
median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with acute transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8d);
sternaulus well impressed, foveolate, 0-7 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4c); metapleuron smooth
dorsally, rugose in ventral third (cf. Fig. 6a); anterior areolae of propodeum weak, long, narrow, anterior
transverse carina absent; posterior areola weak (cf. Fig. 9d); mid tibia with 6 preapical spines; hind tibia
with 8 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally, 4-8 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex
(cf. Fig. 14b); Ist tergum 1-7 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-6 X longer than wide; 2nd tergum
with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d);
ovipositor 1-3 x body length, 4:5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 9-2 mm.

MALE. As in holotype @ except as follows: propleuron, pronotum ventrally and mesopleuron below
sternaulus can be brown or brownish yellow; propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carinae weak,
irregular (cf. Fig. 5f, but slightly stronger sculpture); in general all sculptural features stronger than in
females; metapleuron rugose in ventral two-fifths; 1st metasomal tergum with median carina (cf. Fig. 13d)
and rarely with rugae laterally (cf. Fig. 12c).

VARIATION @. Face and clypeus with patches of pale colour; metapleuron from almost completely smooth
except for crenulae peripherally to rugose in ventral two-fifths (cf. Figs 4a and 4e); propodeum smooth to
areolate with anterior transverse carina always lacking (cf. Fig. 9b); hind femur 4-7—5-1 x longer than
wide; body length 8-2—9:2 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 16. Widespread, though rare, in central and south-eastern
U.S.A., and widespread and more common in western and southern Mexico.

Holotype 9, U.S.A.: Alabama, Clay Co., Pyziton (Smith) (USNM type no. 28679).

Specimens that I have determined are deposited in the following institutions: ANSP, CNC, MCZ, TAM,
UCB, USNM.

Alabagrus masneri sp. n.
(Figs 4e, 7c, Map 13)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Yellowish orange except some black and brown; head black; brown as follows; fore
and mid legs except tarsi; hind trochanter, tarsus and most of tibia; fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).
Head. Antenna with 36 flagellomeres; margins of frons reduced, incomplete (cf. Fig. 1d); gena rounded
posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (Fig. 7c); scutum lacking median
longitudinal ridge (Fig. 7c); scutellar furrow smooth; lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of
scutellum, with weak transverse ridge (Fig. 7c); sternaulus represented by several foveae posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 4e); metapleuron smooth except for crenulae between metepimeron and metepisternum and weak
crenulae on margins (cf. Fig. 4e); propodeum mostly smooth with several longitudinal rugae (Fig. 7c); mid
tibiae with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally, 3-9 x longer
than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with bump and short longitudinal ridge anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14a); 1st
tergum 1-7 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; neither 2nd nor 3rd terga with
distinct transverse depression (cf. Fig. 15a); ovipositor 1-1 x body length, 3-8 x length of hind femur.
Length. 5:1 mm.

ALLotyPE ©’. As in 9 holotype except as follows: antenna with 34 flagellomeres; propodeum areolate, all
major propodeal carina present (cf. Fig. 7d); 1st metasomal tergum with median longitudinal carina (cf.
Fig. 13d); length 4-7 mm.

VARIATION @ GC’. Fore and mid legs always with some brown but with varying amounts of yellow; head and
antenna from reddish brown to black; rarely, in some males, all legs brown; metasoma mostly brown;
propodeum, metapleuron and anterior portion of metasoma cream-coloured; some specimens from
Central America with propleuron black; scutellar furrow with weak median carina sometimes indicated
(Fig. 7c); posterior ridge of scutellum variable, weakly rugose to completely absent (cf. Figs 7b and 8a);

382 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

male propodea always areolate; female propodea with very reduced sculpture (cf. Figs 10a, c, e) or
completely smooth; ovipositor 1-1—1-3 x body length; body length 3-8—6-0 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 13. Widespread from Belize south to Peru and east to
Surinam.

Holotype 9, Panama: Canal Zone, Margarita, iii.1960 (Breeland) AEI).

Paratypes. Belize: 3 2 , Middlesex, 125 m, 18.iii.—25.iv.1965 (Welling) (CNC); 1 2, Melinda For. Sta. nr
Stann Creek, 8.vii.1963 (Porter) (MCZ). Costa Rica: 4 9, La Fortuna, 18.ii.1964 (Evans) (MCZ); 19, La
Lola, 1.v.1957 (Shenefelt) (SC); 2 9, 4 0’, Pto. Viejo, 50 m, rain forest, ii.1980 (Mason) (MC);3 9,2¢,
Tolido Dist., Blue Creek, 89°3’W 16°12’N, 23.1.1982 (Finnamore) (CNC). Colombia: Narino: 1 OC’,
Llorente, Carretera, Pastol, Tumaco, 25.xi.1977 (Tidwell) (FSCA); Valle de Cauca: 1 9, Anchicaya,
15.xii.1977 (Tidwell) (FSCA); 4 o&, 30 km E. Buenaventura, tropical very wet forest, 560 m, 13.—
18.viii.1975 (Wilkerson) (FSCA); 1 O’, Rio Zabaletas, 3.—5.vi.1975 (Wilkerson) (FSCA). Ecuador:
Esmeraldas: 1 ©, Cumbaratza, 21.xi.1970 (Pena) (AEI); Napo: 1 9, Limoncocha, on Rio Napo,
15.vii.1974 (Drummond) (FSCA); 2 9, same data as preceding except 18.i.1974; 1 ’, Puerto Misahualli,
350 m, 18.—22.ii.1983 (Sharkey) (CNC); 2 0’, Puerto Misahualli, 20.11.1983 (Huggert) (CNC); 1 0’, Sacha,
9.iii. 1983 (Huggert) (CNC); Pichincha: 2 2, 1 0’, Monte Enela, 600 m, 4.ii.83 (Sharkey) (CNC); 1 9, Rio
Palenque Res. Sta. 47 km S. Sto. Domingo, 200 m, 18.—30.v.1975 (Peck) (CNC); 4 9, same data as
preceding except 22.—31.vii.1976; 2 2, same data as preceding except 4.1i1.1983 (Sharkey); 1 9, Rio Toachi,
4km E. Alluriquin, 17.vi.1977 (Hodges) (USNM); 2 9, Sto. Domingo, 4.—14.vi.1976 (Peck) (CNC); 4 9,
2 oO’, same data as preceding except 2.—8.ii.1983 (Masner & Sharkey); 4 2 , same data as preceding except
vii.1983 (Sharkey); 7 2, 10’, Tinalandia, 800 m, vii. 1983 (Sharkey) (CNC). El Salvidor: 1 2 , San Salvidor,
19.v.1958 (Cartwright) (USNM). Guatemala: 2 9, 3 mi. [5 km], Matias de Galvey, 14.viii.1965 (Spangler)
(USNM). Panama: allotype 2, same data as holotype; 1 2, C.Z. (Fischer) (MSUE); 1 9, C.Z., Las
Cumbres, xi.1982 (Wolda) (CNC); 1 9, C.Z., Summit, xi.1965 (Krauss) (USNM); 1 9, Ft. Clayton,
11.iv.1923 (USNM); 1 2, El Cermeno, i.—iii.1941 (Zetek) (USNM); 1 , El Valle, 14.xii.1963 (Bottimer)
(CNC); 29 9, 74 0, C.Z., Las Cumbres, xii. 1981, i.—iii.v.vi.xi.1982 (Wolda) (CNC); 24 9, 28 oO’, C.Z.,
Margarita, i.ii.iv.v.1960 (Breeland) (AEI); 1 9, Porto Bello, Pan Mar, 14.viii.1911 (Busck) (USNM).
Peru: Huanaco: 1 9, Tingo Maria, 17.—22.1.1984 (Finnamore) (CNC); Madre de Dios: 2 CO’, Puerto
Maldonado, 21.i.1984 (Huggert) (CNC); 2 0’, Tambopata Res., 50 km S. Puerto Maldonado on Rio
Tambopata, 3.—8.i.1984 (CNC). Surinam: 1 9, Sipaliwini, 10.vi.1963 (Van Doesburg) (RNHL).

Alabagrus masoni sp. n.
(Fig. 19a, Map 19)

Hototype 9. Colour. Orange except: head, except palpi, black; hind tarsus and tibia distally brown; fore
wing yellow basally infuscate in apical half, margin between yellow and infuscate portions of wing not
sharply defined (cf. Fig. 19a).

Head. Antenna with 38 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); median longitudinal ridge of scutum weak (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow
with weak medial longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with rugose, transverse ridge (cf. Fig.
7a); sternaulus short, represented by 2 foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. Sf); border between metepister-
num and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae on most margins
except posterior (cf. Fig. 4d); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina absent laterally (cf. Fig. 9b);
mid tibia lacking preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e),
4-0 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14a); Ist tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd
plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weakly impressed transverse depression (cf. Fig.
14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-4 x body length, 1-1 x length of
hind femur.

Length. 6-5 mm.

VARIATION. The sole paratype is essentially the same as the holotype.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 19. Known only from the type locality, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Holotype 2, Mexico: Sinaloa, 15 km W. El Palmito, 5000’ [1542 m], 30.vii.1964 (Mason) (CNC).
Paratype. 1 2, same data as holotype.

IT

-

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 383
Alabagrus mataco sp. n.
(Fig. 17a, Map 4)

Hototyre 2. Colour. Yellowish orange and black; black as follows: head except mouthparts, hind leg at
points of articulation, hind trochanter and hind tarsus; fore wing infuscate with clear band in distal third
fourth (Fig. 17a).

Head. Antenna with 34 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.
Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d), median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar
furrow mostly smooth with weak indication of median carina posteriorly (cf. Fig. 7c); apex of scutellum
(posterior) with sharply defined transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8d); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of
mesopleuron (cf. Fig. Sc); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d);
metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae along ventral margin; propodeum mostly smooth with anterior
areola and anterior transverse carina absent (cf. Fig. 7c); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 2
apical spines; hind femur with weak rugae ventrally (slightly rougher than in Fig. 3b); hind femur 4-1 x
longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-7 X longer than wide; 2nd plus
3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with very weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd
tergum without transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 3-2 x length of hind
femur.

Length. 4-7 mm.

ALLoTyPE ©’. As in female holotype except: antenna with 37 flagellomeres; propodeum completely
areolate (cf. Fig. 7d); vertex of head partly black.

VARIATION 9 ©’. Head yellowish orange to black, legs vary from as light as those of holotype to all
completely brownish black; metasoma of some males is cream coloured basally and mottled brown distally;
2nd tergum of metasoma often lacking any trace of transverse depression (cf. Fig. 15a).

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 4. Peru south to northern Argentina.

Holotype 9, Argentina: Salta, 24 km NW. Aguas Blancas, 9.v.1969 (Porter) (MCZ).

Paratypes. Argentina: 1 2, Salta, nr Aguas Blancas, 1.v.1968 (Porter) (MCZ). Costa Rica: 1 9,
Surrubres (TMB) [I question the validity of the locality data of this specimen]. Peru: allotype 0’, Cuzco,
Avispas, 20. or 30.ix.1962 (SC); Cuzco: 2 ©’, Avispas, ix.1962 (SC); 4 O, Quince Mil, ix.1962 and
10.—15.xi.1962 (SC); Huanuco: 2 9, Tingo Maria, 20.—27.1.1968 (Garcia & Porter) (MCZ).

Alabagrus maue sp. n.
(Map 5)

Ho otyre. Colour. Black and orange with some yellow; yellow as follows: palpi, most of fore leg except
black patch on femur, parts of mid tibia and tarsus; orange as follows: propodeum, hind coxa except for
lateral black band, hind femur, part of hind tibia, metasomal segments 1 to 4; fore wing banded from base
as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate; median infuscate band incomplete posteriorly.

Head. Antenna with 48 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow
with median longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 7b); apex of scutellum with weak, transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7d);
sternaulus short, represented by several foveae posteroventrally, 0-3 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 5f);
border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. Sd); metapleuron mostly smooth with
crenulae along margins (cf. Fig. 5c); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina absent (cf. Fig. 9b);
mid tibia with 4 preapical spines; hind tibia with 7 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e),
3-5 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with weak, smooth, longitudinal ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig.
14d); 1st tergum 1:2 Xx longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-6
x body length, 2-1 x length of hind femur.

Length. 8-1 mm.

VaRIATION 2. The @ paratype is essentially as in the holotype.

DIsTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 5. Known only from the type locality in Para, Brazil.
Holotype 9, Brazil: Para, Jacaracanga, xi.1968 (Alvarenga) (AEI).
Paratype. 1 2, same data as holotype.

384 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY
Alabagrus maya sp. n.
(Map 9)

HototyeeE 2. Colour. Black except orange as follows: fore coxa, mid coxa and tarsus, hind leg except
tarsus, propleuron, metepimeron, metapleuron, tegula, metanotum, propodeum and metasoma; fore
wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 37 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.
Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); scutum with weak, median, longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar
furrow smooth with weak indication of median longitudinal carinae present posteriorly (cf. Fig. 7c); apex
of scutellum (posterior) smooth, lacking rugae and ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus reduced, represented by 2
large foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. Sf); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf.
Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth with some crenulae on margins (cf. Fig. 4d); propodeum areolate (cf. Fig.
4a, lateral longitudinal carinae weaker than in figure); mid tibia with 5 preapical spines; hind tibia with 10
apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-7 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with
long, strong, median carina (cf. Fig. 13a); 1st tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-2 x
longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 13b); 3rd tergum with weak transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 13b); ovipositor 0-7 x body length, 2-5 x longer than hind femur.

Length. 7-0 mm.

ALLOTYPE CG’. Essentially as in holotype except transverse depression of 3rd metasomal tergum well
impressed.

VARIATION O' 2. Colour somewhat variable; can be entirely orange except some leg segments; fore coxa,
mid coxa and tarsus yellow to black; hind leg can be entirely black except coxa; metasoma apically orange
to black; propodeal sculpture variable, lateral longitudinal carina present or absent posteriorly; median
longitudinal carina present or absent in anterior median areola; length 5-6—8-9 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 9. Colombia north to southern Mexico.

Holotype, 9, Mexico: Veracruz, San Andres, 30.1.1957 (USNM).

Paratypes. Belize: 2 2, 1 &' (USNM). Colombia: Antioquia: 1 9, Medellin, Toro (USNM); Valle de
Cauca: 3 2, 2 0’, Mun. Candelaria, Finca San Luis (1,010 m), tropical dry forest, iv.—ix.1975 (Wilkerson)
(FSCA). Costa Rica: 1 0, Limon, 10°00'N, 83°01’W, 30.v.—6.vi.1969 (Geijskes) (RNHL). Mexico:
allotype ’, same data as holotype. Tabasco: 1 9, 20 km W. Cardenas, 21.vi.1981 (Letourneau) (TAMU);
1 0’, Jalapa (Crawford) (USNM); 1 oO’, Teapa, 29.vi.1964 (Pallister) (AMNH); Veracruz; 2 2 , same datas
as holotype; 2 0’, Acayucan, 23.x.1957 (Dreisbach) (MSUE); 1 9, Lake Catamaco, 8.—16.viii.1960
(Howden) (CNC); 1 9, 1’, Minatitlan, 26.viii.—1.ix.1961 (Dreisbach) (MSUE); Minatitlan, 21.ix.1961
(Dreisbach) (MSUE); 1 2, 11:2km E. Tlapacoyan, 17.viii.1958 (Howden) (CNC). Venezuela: Yaracuy: 2
Q, Nirqua, 8.1.1979, ex pupae in (sweet potato) Ipomoea batata (Montagne) (UCV); state ?: 1 9,2 0’, El
Valle, nr Caracas, 15.i.1927 (Box) (USNM); 1 ©’, San Esteban Valley, Las Quiguas, 1.—20.xii.1939
(Anduze) (USNM).

Alabagrus miga sp. n.
(Map 20)

Hototyee 2. Colour. Head black except palpi yellow; mesosoma brownish black except metanotum,
tegula, propodeum, hind trochanter and hind coxa posteriorly orange; legs all brownish black except fore
and mid tarsi yellow; metasoma orange except black distad segment 5; fore wing infuscate except stigma
yellow distally (similar to Fig. 17e but with smaller yellow area on stigma).

Head. Antenna with 41 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7a); scutum with weak longitudinal ridge (cf. (b); scutellar furrow smooth with
weak indication of median longitudinal carina posteriorly (cf. Fig. 7c); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking
transverse ridge and rugae (cf. Fig. 8a); median areola of metanotum not excavated, lacking elevated
posterior margin (cf. Fig. 7b); sternaulus weak, represented by several large foveae posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 5f); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth
except for crenulae on margins (cf. Fig. Sc); propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 3 preapical
spines; hind tibia with 5 apical spines, hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-8 X longer than wide.
Metasoma. 1st tergum with strong, long, median, longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 13b); 1st tergum 1-3 x wider
than long; 2nd plus 3rd tergum as wide as long; both tergum 2 and tergum 3 with transverse depression (cf.
Fig. 13b); ovipositor slightly shorter than metasoma, 0-9—1-0 x as long as metasoma, 2-3 x as long as hind
femur.

Length. 7-0 mm.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 385

| DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 20. Known only from southern Mexico near the Gulf of
| Mexico.

_ Holotype 2, Mexico: Tabasco, Teapa, ii.1904 (Godman & Salvin) (BMNH).

Paratype. Mexico: Vera Cruz: 1 2, Atoyac, v.1904 (Godman & Salvin) (BMNH).

Alabagrus misa sp. n.
(Map 11)

_ Hotoryee 9. Colour. Yellow, yellowish orange and black; black as follows: head except mouthparts and
_clypeus, pronotum anteriorly, propleuron, parts of hind tarsus, metasoma in distal third; hind tibia
) brownish yellow in distal fifth; fore wing banded from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate
» (cf. Fig. 18d).

‘ Head. Antenna with 45 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow
smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth with trace of transverse ridge
| (cf. Fig. 7d); sternaulus weak, represented by several foveae posteroventrally and shallow groove 0-5 x
‘length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4f); metapleuron smooth (cf. Fig. 5d); suture between metepimeron and
! metepisternum smooth (cf. Fig. 5d); propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); carinae between propodeum and
' metapleuron reduced, absent anteriorly; mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines;
hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-2 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum evenly convex,
without distinct bump anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd
_tergum 1-6 X longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum
lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-9 x body length, 3-6 x length of hind femur.

Length. 8:9 mm.

VaRIATION 9. Clypeus sometimes entirely black, basal two-thirds of metasoma sometimes with black
mottling; median areola of metanotum always shallow and often lacking raised posterior border (cf. Fig.
9a); length 8-2—9-0 mm.

) DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 11. Trinidad and Venezuela.

Holotype Q, Trinidad: St George, St Augustine, 15.vii.—13.viii.1976 (Noyes) (BMNH).

Paratypes. Trinidad: 1 9, Pass, Blanchisseuse Road, 500 m, 18.ii.1964 (Rozen & Wygodzinsky)
(AMNH); 1 9, Simia nr Arima, 250 m, 25.xi.—3.xii.1977 (Mason) (CNC). Venezuela: Carabobo: 2 9, San
Esteban Valley, Las Quiguas, 1.—20.xii.1939 (Anduze) (USNM).

Alabagrus mixcoatl sp. n.
(Map 9)

Ho tortyre 9. Colour. Black, orange, reddish black, yellow; palpi and fore tarsus yellow; propodeum and
hind femur deep reddish black; hind coxa orange, metasoma orange in anterior two-thirds with black
mottling and black in posterior third; fore wing infuscate distally, clear in basal third (cf. Fig. 17b).

_ Head. Antenna with 47 flagellomeres; gena with obtuse angle posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2c). Mesosoma.
_Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7ds); scutellar furrow
with weak median ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with rugose transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7d);
| Sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and
_/metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with rugae in ventral fifth and along
| margins (cf. Fig. 6a); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carinae absent (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 9
_| preapical spines; hind tibia with 18 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-4 x longer
_| than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with weak longitudinal ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. 14d); 1st tergum 1-1 x
longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-1 X longer than wide; both tergum 2 and 3 with transverse
| depression at midlength (cf. Fig. 14b); ovipositor 0-7 x body length, 3-2 x length of hind femur.
Length. 10-4mm.

b
;
;
(
;

VaRIATION 9. Both paratypes differ from the holotype as follows: propodeum entirely black, metasoma
black except 1st and 2nd segments orange; scutellar groove smooth, lacking carina.

_ DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 9. Western Mexico.
Holotype 2, Mexico: Sinaloa, 32 km E. Villa Union, 235 m, 19.viii.1964 (Schlinger) (USNM).
Paratypes. Mexico: Jalisco: 1 9, Chamela, 1.—8.x.1985 (Parker & Griswold) (CNC); Nayarit: 1 9,
Ahuacatlan, 18.—22.vii.1951 (Hurd) (USNM).

386 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY
Alabagrus mocovisp. n.
(Map 3)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Black and orange with some yellow; palpi and distal half of the fore and mid legs
yellow; hind coxa yellow ventrally; orange as follows, hind leg except coxa and tarsus, metanotum,
propodeum, metapleuron and all but apical tip of metasoma; remainder of body black; fore wing mostly
infuscate with basal area and stigmal area yellowish clear (cf. Fig. 19c).

Head. Antenna with 51 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.
Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow
with median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with smooth transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8d);
sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron, foveae large (cf. Fig. 5c); border between metepister-
num and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth medially with weak rugae on margins
(cf. Fig. Sc); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina weak (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 1 preapical
spine; hind tibia with 7 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-0 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. 1st tergum with strong anteromedial bump (cf. Fig. 15d), 1st tergum 1-1 x as long as wide; 2nd
plus 3rd tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with and 3rd tergum without transverse depression (cf.
Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-6 x body length, 2:2 x length of hind femur.

Length. 7-9 mm.

ALLOTYPE ©’. As in holotype except as follows: hind femur and tibia mostly black; antenna with 42
flagellomeres; anterior areola of propodeum triangular; length 7-2 mm.

VARIATION Q ©’. Propodeum and metapleuron yellowish orange contrasting with reddish orange metaso-
ma; posterior transverse ridge of scutellum weak to strong (cf. Figs 7b, 8d) and smooth to weakly rugose;
anterior transverse carina of propodeum weak or only indicated medially; length 6-7 to 7-7 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 3. Northern Argentina.

Holotype @, Argentina: Salta, Oran, Abra Grande, 18.iv.—S.v.1969 (Porter) (MCZ).

Paratypes. Argentina: Salta: allotype 0’, same data as holotype; 4 2, 4 0’, same data as holotype; 1 9,
Oran, Aguas Blancas, iii.1958 (Wale) (SC); 4 9, Rio Pescado, 19.—25.xi.1967 (Porter & Willink) (MCZ); 1
Q, Rio Pescado, 10.v.1969 (Porter) (MCZ).

Alabagrus mojos sp. n.
(Fig. 18d, Map 2)

Hotortyre Q. Colour. Yellow except as follows: head excluding palpi black; brown as follows: hind coxa
distolaterally, hind trochanter, hind tarsus and tibia distally; 7th and 8th metasomal terga; fore wing
banded from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (Fig. 18d).

Head. Antenna with 37 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.
Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 8a); median longitudinal ridge of scutum lacking (cf. Fig. 8a); scutellar
furrow with median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 8c); apex of scutellum with sharply defined, rugose,
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8d); sternaulus short, 0-3 x length of mesopleuron, represented by 1 or 2 foveae
posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 5f); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d);
metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae along ventral margin; propodeum areolate, anterior transverse
carina absent, anterior areola poorly defined (cf. Fig. 8c); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3
apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-5 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with
weak longitudinal bump medially (cf. Fig. 14a); Ist tergum 1-8 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5
x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak indication of transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum
lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-7 x body length, 2-8 x length of hind femur.

Length. 7-0 mm.

ALLotyPE @. As in holotype 9 except as follows: 3rd tergum and following partly brown; fore wing evenly
infuscate (cf. Fig. 16); antenna with 35 flagellomeres; propodeal sculpture complete, anterior transverse
carina present (cf. Fig. 7d); length 5-3 mm.

VARIATION 2 ©’. Coloration varies considerably, from all yellow or orange to any combination of yellow
and brown, yellow and black, or orange and black; fore wing of most males banded as in all females; mid
tibia with 0-3 preapical spines; hind tibia with 2—4 apical spines; sternaulus can be well foveolate and 0-5
length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); propodeum from almost completely smooth in some females (cf. Fig.
7c) to completely areolate in most males (cf. Fig. 7d); anterior transverse carina of propodeum always
absent in females; 1st tergum of metasoma with or without small median ridge in males (cf. Fig. 13d), ridge
always absent in females; body length 5-3—7-7 mm.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 387

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 2. Widespread, from Guatemala south to northern
Argentina.

Holotype 9, Ecuador: Napo Prov., Limoncocha, 250 m, 15.—28.v.1976 (Peck) (CNC).

Paratypes. Argentina: Salta: 4 9 , Rio Pescado, v.—vii.1970 (Porter) (IML); 1 9, Rio Pescado, 30.iv.1968
(Porter) (MCZ); 1 9. Camp. Jakulica nr Aguas Blancas, x.1968 (Porter) (MCZ); 3 2, Oran, Abre Grande
18.iv.—5.v.1969 (Porter) (MCZ); 1 9, nr Aguas Blancas, 1.v.1968 (Porter) (MCZ);7 2 ,24km NW. Aguas
Blancas, 9.v.1969 (Porter) (MCZ). Bolivia: Santa Cruz; 2 CO’, Buena Vista, 10.vii.1972 (Porter & Stange)
(IML); 1 2, Saavedra, Agr. Exp. Sta., i.1974 (Porter) (FSCA); 1 2, Cochabamba, 17 km E. Villa Tunari,
15.—21.vii.1973 (Porter & Strange) (IML); La Paz: 4 2, Mapiri (TMB). Brazil: Bahia: 1 2 , Bahia, Cepec
Itabuna, 25.v.1978 (Benton) (BMNH); 1 Oo’, Cepec Itabuna, 9.—-13.iv.1983 (Benton) (MCZ); Espirito
Santo: 2 OC’, Parque Sooretama, Linhares, xi.1967 (Oliveira) (AEI); Goias: 1 9, Jatai, xi.1972 (Oliveira)
(AEI); Guanabara: 14 9, 40’, Represa Rio Grande, i., ii., v., xi., x., xii., 1966-1967 (AEI); Mato Grosso:
1 9, 12°50’S 51°47'W, 23.iv.1968 (Richards) (BMNH); Para: 2 9, date ? (Baker) (USNM); 1 C’, Belem,
29.vii.—6. viii. 1974 (Young) (FSCA); 4 2, 2 o’, Jacareacanga, xii. 1968 (Alvarenga) (AEI); 1 9, Rio Acara
(1930) (Horvath) (TMB); Rio de Janeiro: 1 9, Botanical Gardens, 1923 (Hancock) (BMNH); 2 9,
viii.1974 (Oliveira) (AEI); 2 2, 2 O&, Mangaratiba, Muriqui, vii.1969 (Alvarenga) (CNC); 1 ©’, Silva
Jardin, viii.1974 (Oliveira) (CNC); Rondonia: 2 9, Vilhena, xi.1973 (Alvarenga) (AEI); Santa Catarina: 1
Q, Joinvile, 8.—9.ii.1969 (Porter & Garcia) (MCZ); Sao Paulo: 1 9, Aracatuba, x.1961 (Lane & Ranelo)
(MZSP); 1 2, Sinop, x.1974 (Alvarenga) (CNC); 1 9, Itaum, iii.1974 (Alvarenga) (AEI). Colombia: Valle
de Cauca: 1 9, Anchicaya, 15.xii.1977 (Tidwell) (FSCA); 2 2, 30 km E. Buenaventura, very wet forest,
560 m, 13.—16.vii.1975 (Wilkerson) (FSCA). Costa Rica: Alajuela: 1 9, 4 km W. La Fortuna, 400 m,
18.ii.1964 (Evans) (MCZ). Ecuador: Napo: allotype 0’, same data as holotype; 6 9, 1 0’, same data as
holotype; 1 9, Limoncocha, 19.iii.1974 (Drummond) (FSCA); 1 ©’, Puerto Misahualli, 20.ii.1983
(Huggert) (CNC); 1 9, Tena, 18.11.1983 (Huggert) (CNC); 1 2, 10 km NE. Tena, 400 m, 19.—20.ii.1983
(Masner) (CNC); Pinchincha: 1 9, 1 &', 47kmS. Sta. Domingo, Rio Palenque Res. Sta. , 22.—31.vii.1976
(Peck) (CNC); Quevedo: 2 0’, Los Rios, v.1976 (Fritz) (AEI). Guatemala: 1 9, Cayuga, ii. (Schaus &
Barnes) (USNM). Guyana: 3 Q, Bartica, i.—ii.1913 (CU); 1 OC’, 3.iv.1901 (Crew) (CU). Panama: Canal
Zone: 1 9, Barro Colorado I., v.1939 (USNM); 1 o’, Barro Colorado I., 14. vi.1939 (Zetek) (USNM); 1 9,
Margarita, iv.1960 (Breeland) (AEI). Paraguay: 10 o', Carumbe, ii.—iii.1966 (Golbach) (AEI). Peru:
Cuzco: 3 2, Quince Mil, x.—xi.1962 (SC); 1 2, Avispas, 1.-15.x.1962 (SC); 1 9, Avispas 1.-15.x.1962
(Pena) (AEI); Huanuco: 1 9, Tingo Maria, 20.27.i.1968 (Garcia & Porter) (MCZ); 5 2, Tingo Maria,
Cueva de Las Pavas, 23.—27.vii.1982 (Porter & O'Neill) (FSCA); Loreto: 2 2, Pucallpa, 23.1.1962 and
14.v.1962 (Schunke) (BMNH); 1 o’, 2 km from Iquitos, v.—vi.1976 (Kingston) (BMNH); Madre de Dios: 1
©O, Puerto Maldonado, 6.i.1984 (Huggert) (CNC). Surinam: 1 ©’, Chavlesburg, Krepi, 13.—14.i.1964
(Geijskes) (RNHL); 1 ©’, Kabalebo River, Avanavero Falls, 5.-12.iv.1971 (Geijskes) (RNHL); 1 9,
Marowijne River, vii.1965 (Gale) (BMNH); 1 oO’, Onverdacht, Biliton, 29.xi.1968 (Van Doesburg)
(RNHL); 6 co’, 2 2, Paramaribo, Plantation Ma Retraite, i.—ii.1964 (Geijskes) (RNHL); 1 2, Morico-
Kreek, 14.vi.1963 (Van Doesburg) (RNHL); 1 2, Republiek, 18.—23.xi.1963 (Geijskes) (RNHL); 1 9,
Republiek, 23.—26.x.1963 (Geijskes) (AEI). Venezuela: Bolivar: 1 9, Auyantepui, 1100 m, 20.iv.1956
(Fernandez & Rosales) (UCV); 1 O’, El Hormiguero Meseta de Nuria, 500 m, 13.—17.xii.1974 (UCV);
Carabobo: 1 0’, San Esteban Valley, Las Quiquas, 1.—20.xii.1939 (Anduze) (USNM); 3 o’, San Esteban
Valley, Las Quiquas, 20.—27.i1.1940 (Anduze) (USNM); 1 OC’, San Estaban, 1.—20.xii.1939 (Anduze)
(AEI); Miranda: 1 0’, Guatopo, 600 m, 28.iii.1965 (Bechyne) (UCV).

Alabagrus muisca sp. n.
(Map 14)

Hotortyre 9. Colour. Black and orange with palpi and fore tarsus yellow; orange as follows, propodeum,
metapleuron, anterior 3 segments of metasoma, hind coxa except black patch distolaterally and hind femur
except black in proximal third; fore wing clear basally and around stigma, otherwise infuscate (cf. Fig. 20d,
but with stigma melanic).

Head. Antenna with 41 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.
Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow
smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with weak, smooth, transverse, ridge
(cf. Fig. 7d); sternaulus 0-3 x length of mesopleuron, composed of 2 or 3 large foveae (cf. Fig. 5f); border
between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with
crenulae along margins (cf. Fig. 5c); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina complete, strong (cf.
Fig. 7d); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 7 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf.
Fig. 3e), 3-4 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum evenly, strongly convex (much more than in Fig.

388 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

14b), as long as wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with and 3rd tergum without
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-9 x body length, 3-4 x length of hind femur.
Length. 7-8 mm.

VARIATION Q. The sole paratype differs from the holotype as follows: most of hind coxa and lateral portions
of metasoma yellow; stigma brownish yellow; sternaulus 0-5 x length of mesopleuron, with large foveae;
length 7-6 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 14. Known from Trinidad and Colombia, presumably
widespread in northern South America.

Holotype 9, Trinidad: Piarco, 27.11.1961 (Gopaul) (CNC).

Paratype. Colombia: Valle de Cauca: 1 9, Rio Frio, iii.1924 (Mann) (USNM).

Alabagrus nahuatl sp. n.
(Fig. 20e, Map 21)

Ho totyre 2. Colour. Black, reddish orange and brown; palpi, fore and mid tarsus brown; reddish orange
as follows: metanotum, metapleuron, propodeum, hind femur, and metasoma except terminally and along
ventral midline black; fore wing clear basally, infuscate distad 1RS cell (Fig. 20e).

Head. Antenna with 46 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow with
weak median longitudinal carina indicated posteriorly (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with weak rugose
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7c); sternaulus deeply impressed with large foveae extending 0-6 x length of
mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4c); posterior margin of epicnemium with large crenulae (cf. Fig. 4c); border
between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron rugose ventrally and all
margins crenulate (cf. Fig. 4c); propodeum areolate with anterior transverse carinae lacking (cf. Fig. 9b);
mid tibia with 6 preapical spines; hind tibia with 14 apical spines; hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c),
3-2 X longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with weak median longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig.
14a); 1st tergum as long as wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8 < body
length, 3-4 x length of hind femur.

Length. 9-6 mm.

ALLoTyPE ©’. As in 9 holotype except as follows: fore and mid tarsi yellow, metanotum black, sternaulus
complete to epicnemium (cf. Fig. 4c); mid tibia with 10 preapical spines, hind tibia with 17 apical spines;
hind femur 3-1 x longer than wide (antennae broken after segment 43); body length 9-3 mm.

VARIATION 2 OC’. Lateral lobes of scutum rarely (2%) reddish orange, fore wing from almost completely
infuscate (cf. Fig. 16) to clear in basal two-thirds (Fig. 20e); posterior transverse carinae of scutellum from
smooth and indistinct (cf. Fig. 7d) to rugose and strong (cf. Fig. 7a); median longitudinal carina of
propodeum can divide anterior areola (cf. Fig. 10f); mid tibia with 3-10 preapical spines; hind tibia with
8-17 spines; hind femur 2-9-3-2 x longer than wide; body length 9-3 -10-5 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 21. Mexico, from Jalisco south to Guerrero and east to Vera
Cruz.

Holotype 9, Mexico: Morelos, 12 mi [19 km] E. Cuernavaca, 4300’ [1,300 m], 14.viii.1954 (Chillcott)
(CNC).

Paratypes. Mexico: allotype 0’, Morelos, Alpuyeca, 3.vii.1951 (Hurd) (UCB); Guerrero: 2 9, Chil-
pancingo, 4600’ [1480 m] i.1904 (Smith) (BMNH); Jalisco: 1 9, Chamela, 1.—8.x.1985 (Parker &
Griswald) (CNC); Morelos: 1 9 , Cuenavaca, 15.viii.1954 (Dreisbach) (USNM); 1 9, Xochicalco Pyramid,
16.vii.1963 (Parker & Stange) (USNM); Vera Cruz: 1 9, 4-8 km W. Paso de Ouejas, 17. viii. 1959 (Stange &
Menke) (USNM); State?: 1 2, Puente Nacional (Painter) (AEI).

Alabagrus nicoya sp. n.
(Fig. 15c, Map 19)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Black and orange; orange as follows: palpi distally, parts of fore tarsus, propodeum,
metapleuron, hind coxa and femur, entire metasoma except ventral midline somewhat darker; fore wing
yellowish hyaline in basal two-thirds, infuscate distally (cf. Fig. 19a).

Head. Antenna with 47 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar groove with 4

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 389

weak longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 9c); apex of scutellum with rugose transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7a);
sternaulus foveolate, 0-8 x length of mesopleuron, almost reaching epicnemium (cf. Fig. 4c); border
between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron rugose in ventral half, with
crenulae on margins (cf. Fig. 4c); propodeum areolate, very wide (cf. Fig. 7a), anterior transverse carina
absent (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 5 preapical spines; hind tibia with 10 apical spines; hind femur rugose
ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c), 2-7 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 15c); lst tergum 0-7 x
as long as wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 0-9 x as long as wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig.
14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8 x body length; 3-5 x length of
hind femur.
Length. 9-3 mm.

VaRIATION Q. Sole paratype essentially as in holotype.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 19. Known only from the type locality in north-western Costa
Rica.

Holotype 9, Costa Rica: Guanacaste, Santa Rosa Park, 5.vi.1978 (Janzen) (AEI).

Paratype. Costa Rica: 1 2 , Guanacaste, Santa Rosa Park, 5.vii.1977 (Janzen) (AEI).

Alabagrus nigritulus (Szépligeti) comb. n.
(Figs 7d, 15d, Map 8)

Microdus nigritulus Szépligeti, 1902: 76. Holotype 2, Brazil (TMB) [examined].
Cremnops punctipennis Cameron, 1911: 322. Holotype CO’, Guyana (BMNH) [examined].

Ho totyre 9. Colour. Black, dark brown, red-orange, and yellow; palpi yellow, head black, fore and mid
tarsi yellow (fore tarsi broken on type); mesosoma all dark brown to black except fore and mid coxae
yellow; metasoma red-orange anteriorly, fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with about 41 flagellomeres (broken on type); gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e).
Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (Fig. 7d); scutellar
furrow with weak median carina (Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with weak smooth transverse ridge (Fig. 7d);
sternaulus foveolate, 0-6 x length of mesopleuron (slightly longer than in Fig. 5c); border between
metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth except for crenulae
on margins (cf. Fig. 5c); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina absent; anterior and posterior
median areolae subequal (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind
femur rugose punctate ventrally (cf. Fig. 3b), 3-9 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with strong
anteromedial bump (Fig. 15d); 1st tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than
wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression incomplete medially (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking

| transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-9 x body length, 3-4 x length of hind femur.

Length. 6:7 mm.

Mate. Essentially as in female holotype except as follows: apex of scutellum with rugose transverse ridge
(cf. Fig. 7a); propodeum with anterior transverse carina complete (Fig. 7d); hind femur heavily rugose
ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c); 1st metasomal tergum lacking pronounced bump (cf. Fig. 14d); in general body
sculpture stronger than in most female specimens.

ower |

VARIATION 9 ©’. This species shows a considerable amount of variation especially in coloration; specimens
vary from completely black except for red colour on metasoma basally to black anteriorly and orange
posteriorly; lightest specimens with orange as follows: mesepimeron, metanotum, propodeum, meta-
pleuron, hind coxa, hind femur and metasoma; fore wing infuscate but sometimes lighter basally and/or
near stigma (cf. Figs 17b, 17d, 19b); sternaulus can be shorter than in holotype (cf. Fig. Sc); sculpture of
_ propodeum much reduced, even smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); anterior median areola of propodeum usually at

least faintly indicated (cf. Fig. 7c); anterior transverse carina absent on most female specimens (cf. Fig.

9b), present on most males (Fig. 7d); 1st metasomal tergum variable (cf. Figs 14b, 15d); length 5-4—8-0
mm.

- oe ee oo

| DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 8. Widespread in the neotropics from San Luis Potosi,
Mexico, to northern Argentina.
Holotype 9, Microdus nigritulus, Brazil: ‘Brisilien, Villa Bella’ (TMB, No. 704). Holotype ©’,
| Cremnops punctipennis, Guyana ‘British Guiana’ (BMNH).
Specimens that I have determined are in the following collections: AEI, BMNH, CNC, CU, FSCA,
MCZ, MSUE, NHMV, RNHL, SC, TMB, UCV, USNM, ZMHB.

390 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY
Alabagrus nio sp. n.
(Map 10)

Hototyre 2. Colour. Black, reddish orange and yellow; palpi, fore and mid tarsi yellow; reddish orange as
follows: metapleuron, propodeum, hind coxa, hind femur and tibia proximally, and metasoma; fore wing
infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 42 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
well impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); anterior longitudinal ridge of scutum very weak (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow
with median carina (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with weak rugae (cf. Fig. 7c); sternaulus short,
composed of two large foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 5f); border between metepisternum and mete-
pimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae on margins (cf. Fig. 5f);
propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina mostly absent (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 4 preapical
spines; hind tibia with 8 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-1 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. 1st tergum with small median, longitudinal bump (cf. Fig. 14a); 1st tergum 1-1 x longer than
wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum as wide as long; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum
lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-8 X body length, 4-3 x length of hind femur.

Length. 7-8 mm.

ALLoTYPE CO’. As in 9 holotype except propodeal sculpture stronger, carinae complete.

VARIATION O” 2. Propodeal sculpture from weak, with anterior transverse carina and portions of posterior
transverse carinae absent (cf. Fig. 9a); to strong with both carinae complete (cf. Fig. 7d); hind femur
3-0-3-2 x longer than wide; length 7-0—8-4 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 10. Western and southern Mexico.

Holotype 2, Mexico: Sinaloa, 32 km E. Concordia, 925 m, 12.viii.1964 (Mason) (CNC).

Paratypes. Mexico: Chiapas: 1 2, Simajovel, 18.—31.vii.1958 (Chemsak) (UCB); Jalisco: allotype C’,
Chamela, 26.—30.ix.1985 (Parker & Griswold) (CNC); Nayarit: 1 9, Pichon, 5.vii.1956 (Dreisbach)
(MSUE); Sinaloa: 5 9, same data as holotype; 1 9, Mazatlan, 6.viii.1964 (Mason) (CNC); 3 9,32 kmE.
Concordia, 925 m, viil.—viii. 1964 (Mason) (CNC); Tobasco: 1 0’, Jalapa (Crawford) (USNM); Veracruz: 1
Q, Acayucan, 23.x.1957 (Dreisbach) (MSUE); 1 Q, Minatitlan, 26.viii.—1.ix.1961 (Dreisbach) (MSUE).

Alabagrus olmec sp. n.
(Map 19)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Mostly orange except black as follows: head except palpi, propleuron, fore and mid
legs except tarsi; hind coxa laterally, hind trochanter and tarsus and hind tibia distally; fore wing infuscate
(cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 45 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli well
impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median, longitudinal, ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow lacking
longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with weak rugose ridge (cf. Fig. 7b); sternaulus
foveolate, 0-6 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4c); border between metepisternum and metepimeron
crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth except some crenulae along ventral margin; prop-
odeum areolate (cf. Fig. 7d, though anterior median areola much smaller than posterior median areola);
mid tibia with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur punctate ventrally (intermedi-
ate between Figs 3a and 3b), 3-7 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with short, median,
longitudinal ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. 13d, though not as long); 1st tergum as wide as long; 2nd plus 3rd
tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-6 x body length, 2-4 x length of hind femur.

Length. 8-3 mm.

VaRIATION Q. Propleuron from orange to black; antenna with 41-45 flagellomeres; anterior transverse
carina of propodeum strongly or weakly indicated; anterior median areola of propodeum weak to absent;
length 7-0-8-3 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 19. Southern Mexico and Colombia, presumably widespread
but rare between the two locations.
Holotype 2, Mexico: Oaxaca, Metate, 85:5 km SW. of Tuxtepec, 900 m, 21.x.1962 (Townes) (AEI).
Paratypes. Colombia: Valle de Cauca: 1 9,4km E. Zabaletas, 6.vii.1975 (Wilkerson) (FSCA). Mexico:
Oaxaca: 1 9, same data as holotype except 18.x.1962; Veracruz: 1 9, Cordoba, 15.vi.year? (Knab)
(USNM); 1 9, ‘Mexico’ (no further locality data) (BMNH).

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 391
Alabagrus oyana sp. n.
(Map 11)

Hotortyre 2. Colour. Yellowish orange except brown as follows: antenna, lateral lobes of scutum, hind
tarsus and some small patches on metasomal terga; fore wing infuscate except stigmal area yellow (cf. Fig.
19c).

Head. Antenna with about 38 flagellomeres (broken on type, number based on closely related species);
gena subacute posteroventrally (slightly sharper than Fig. 2d). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf.
Fig. 7d); scutum with strong median longitudinal ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow smooth (cf.
Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum (posterior) with weak trace of transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7b); sternaulus more
than 0-5 x length of mesopleuron and composed of large foveae (cf. Fig. 4c); border between metepister-
num and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae along margins
(cf. Fig. 5c); propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 7d); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical
spines; hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c); 4-1 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with small,
prominent, anteromedial bump (cf. Fig. 15d); 1st tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3
x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with and 3rd tergum without transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d);
ovipositor 0-7 x body length; 2-7 x length of hind femur.

Length. 7-2 mm.

| ALLoTyPE G’. As in ? holotype except as follows: propodeum partly rugose laterally (cf. Fig. 8d); 1st
metasomal tergum with weak median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 14d); length 6-5 mm. (Antennae missing
from allotype.)

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 11. Surinam and Guyana.
Holotype 9, Surinam: Coronieweg, 15.xii.1948 (Geijskes) (RNHL).
Paratype. Allotype Oo’, Guyana: Demerera River, 24.ii1.1913 (CU).

Alabagrus pachamama sp. n.
(Fig. 10d, Map 3)

Hototyre 2. Colour. Black and yellow; black as follows: head except mouth parts; body of mesosoma
except propodeum and metapleuron; metapleuron with small black area anteriorly; hind leg except coxa
ventrally, femur apically and tibia basally; metasoma apically; fore wing banded from base as follows:
yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (cf. Fig. 20a).

Head. Antenna with 43 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow
smooth, lacking longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with smooth, transverse ridge (cf. Fig.
9b); median areola of metanotum not excavated, lacking raised posterior margin (cf. Fig. 9a); sternaulus
weak, represented by several foveae posteroventrally and weak groove 0:3 x length of mesopleuron (cf.
Fig. 5e); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth
(cf. Fig. 6d); propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); carinae between metapleuron and propodeum very weak,
absent anteriorly; mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur smooth
ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-6 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum evenly convex, without distinct
anterior bump (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5 X longer than
wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression
(cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-9 x body length, 3-2 x longer than hind femur.

Length. 8-6 mm.

ALLoTYPE ©’. Essentially as in 9 holotype; antenna with 42 flagellomeres; length 7-8 mm.

VARIATION O' 2. Quite variable in coloration, from almost all yellow except head to black and orange with
the propodeum black; antenna with 41—45 flagellomeres; median areola of metanotum with weak posterior
margin (cf. Fig. 8a); mid tibia with 0-3 preapical spines; ovipositor 0-8—1-0 x body length; length 5-8—10-0
mm.

DIsTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 3. Widespread in South America, from Trinidad east to
Ecuador, south to Bolivia and through the Amazon Basin.

Holotype 2, Ecuador: Napo, Limoncocha, 250 m, 15.—28.vi.1976 (Peck) (CNC).

Paratypes. Bolivia: Beni: 1 9, Rio Itenez at mouth of Rio Baures, 25.ix.—7.x.1964 (Bouseman &
Lussenhop) (AMNH), La Paz: 1 9, Mapiri (MZP). Brazil: Amazonas: 1 9, 71°38’W, 4°38’S, ix.1979
(Alvarenga) (AEI); 1 2, Manaus, Campus University, 22.—29.vi.1982 (Rafael) (CNC). Colombia: Cauca

392 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

de Valle: 1 9, Rio Zabaletas, Las Piedros, Rain Forest, 14.-18.vii.1975 (FSCA); 2 Oo’, Triana, km 43
Blventura Street, xii.1977 (Tidwell) (FSCA). Ecuador: allotype 0’, same data as holotype; Esmeraldas: 1
CO, Dureno, 23.—28.ix.1977, 200 m (Pena) (CNC); Los Rios: 3 2, Quevedo, v.1976 (Fritz) (AEI); 1 9,
Playas de Montalvo, 15 m, 16.iv.1938 (Clark & McIntyre) (AEI); Napo: 18 2,5 CO’, same data as holotype;
9 2, Limoncocha, 1.vii.1974 (Drummond) (FSCA); 1 CO’, Puerto Misahualli, 20.11.1983 (Huggart) (CNC);
1 o, Tena, 400 m, 16.—17.ii.1983 (Sharkey) (CNC); 1 2, 12 km SW. Tena, 500 m, 8.—11.vii.1976 (Peck)
(CNC); 1 Q, Pastaza, 25 km N. Puyo, 1000 m, 4.vii.1976 (Peck) (CNC); Pinchincha: 2 2, Rio Palenque
Res. Sta., 47 km S. Sta. Domingo, 22.—31.vii.1976 (Peck) (CNC); 1 9, Sto. Domongo, 215 m,
17.—30.v.1975 (Peck) (AEI); 1 2, Sto. Domingo, 680 m, 15.—30.v.1975 (Peck) (AEI); 1 9, Rio Palanque
Res. Sta., 4.ii.1983, 200 m (Masner & Sharkey) (CNC); 1 9, Rio Pelanque Res. Station, ii.1983 (Sharkey)
(CNC); state?: 1 2, Ongota, v.1963 (Pena) (AEI). Guyana: 7 Q, Bartica, ii.1913 (CU); 2 9, Kartabo,
Bartica District, 22.x.1920 and 15.iii.1922 (AMNH). Peru: Cuzco: 1 9, Quince Mil, 750 m, ix.1962 (Pena)
(AE]I); Huanuco: 12 9, 14 0’, Tingo Maria, 20.—27.1.1968 (Garcia & Porter) (MCZ); 2 9, Tingo Maria,
620 m, 5.—-12.x.1964 (Porter) (MCZ); 2 2, Tingo Maria, 20.—27.1.1968 (Garcia & Porter) (CNC);1 0, ©
Tingo Maria, 19.v.1947 (Pallister) (AMNH); 1 9, Yanayacu, Rio Pachitea, 14.viii.1961 (Schunke)
(BMNH); Junin: 1 9, Chanchamayo, 1200 m, 24.v.1949 (Schunke) (BMNH); Loreto: 5 9, Pucallpa,
31.11.1952, 22.iv.1952, 23.v.1961, 16.i1.1962, 10.xi.1962 (Schunke) (BMNH). Surinam: 2 9, Albina,
25.vi.1963 (Van der Vecht) (RNHL); 1 9, 1 O’, Kwakoegron, 8. and 13.vi.1927 (CU); 1 9, Marowijne
River, vi.1965 (Gale) (BMNH); 1 O’, Republiek, 18.iv.1965 (Geijskes) (RNHL); 2 9, Republiek,
16.vi.1963, 30.viii.1964 (Geijskes) (RNHL). Trinidad: sex? [abdomen broken], La Brea Ward, Parry-
lands, 13.ii.1980 (Cook) (BMNH). Venezuela: Aragua: 2 9, Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 11.vi.1980,
15.vi.1979 (Clavijo & Yepez) (UCV); Bolivar: 1 2, El Hormiguero Meseta de Nuria, 500 m, 13.-
17.xii.1974 (UCV); Carabobo: 1 oO’, San Esteban Valley, Las Quiguas, and 11.-19.i.1940 (Anduze)
(USNM); Merida: 1 9, Merida, 200 m, 10.v.1981 (Masner) (AEI).

Alabagrus paqgo sp. n.
(Map 12)

HototyeeE Q. Colour. Reddish brown with some black, yellow and orange; head black; antenna orange;
yellow as follows: tegula, fore and mid legs and palpi; antenna orange; fore wing infuscate with yellow
stigmal area, slightly less infuscate basally (intermediate between Figs 17e and 19c).

Head. Antenna with 42 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
well impressed (cf. Fig. 8b); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 8c); scutellar furrow
smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8c); apex of scutellum (posterior) smooth, lacking transverse
ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus weakly impressed with foveae extending 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf.
Fig. 5c); propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 7 apical spines;
hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-7 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig.
14b); 1st tergum 1-7 X longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 X longer than wide; 2nd tergum with
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); ovipositor about equal to body length, 4-5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 8-4 mm.

ALLotyPE CG’. As in 9 holotype except foveae of sternaulus stronger and propodeum weakly sculptured |
medially and laterally.

VARIATION @ ©’. The three other paratypes vary little from the allotype; anteromedial bump on 1st
metasomal tergum sometimes larger.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 12. Guanabara state in south-eastern Brazil.

Holotype 9, Brazil: Guanabara, Represa Rio Grande, i.1972 (Alvarenga) (AEI).

Paratypes. Brazil: allotype 0’, same data as holotype except xii.1969; Guanabara: 1 9, 1 O’, Represa
Rio Grande, iii.1970 (Alvarenga) (AEI); 1 9, Fioresta da Rijuca, v.1966 (Alvarenga & Seabra) (AEI).

Alabagrus parunaupi sp. n.
(Map 5)

Hototyre 2. Colour. Yellow with some brown; brown as follows: head except palpi and distal third of
antenna; hind coxa distally, hind trochanter, tibia and tarsus, hind femur distally, metasoma after 4th
segment; fore wing infuscate with yellowish clear band in distal third quarter (cf. Fig. 17a, but with yellow
stigma).

Head. Antenna with 36 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 393

Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar
furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum (posterior) with acute
transverse carina (cf. Fig. 8d); sternaulus weak, mostly smooth with foveae restricted to posteroventral 0-3
of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 5d); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d);
metapleuron mostly smooth with several crenulae along ventral margin; propodeum areolate, anterior
transverse carina absent (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 1 preapical spine; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind
femur weakly rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 3b), 4-1 * longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with small
longitudinal bump anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14c); 1st tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum
1-2 X longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression indicated (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum
lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-7 x body length, 2-1 x length of hind femur.
Length. 4-8 mm.

VARIATION 9. Essentially as in the holotype except as follows: terminal 1 or 2 flagellomeres can be black;
anterior transverse carinae of propodeum sometimes present (cf. Fig. 7d).

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 5. Ecuador and Peru.

Holotype 9. Peru: Cuzco, Quince Mil, 20.—30.x.1962 (SC).

Paratypes. Ecuador: 1 2 , Napo, Limoncocha on Rio Napo (Drummond) (FSCA). Peru: Huanuco: 1 9,
same data as holotype; 1 2, Tingo Maria, 620 m, 5.—12.x.1964 (Porter) (MCZ).

) REMARKS. Very similar to A. aa, its sister species, but A. parunaupi has a distinct transverse ridge on the
scutellum while this is weak or lacking in A. aa.

Alabagrus parusimi sp. n.
(Fig. 19b, Map 3)

Ho ortyre 9. Colour. Black and red except yellow as follows: palpi, fore and mid tarsi; metasoma red in
basal four-fifths; fore wing clear basally and in large area anteriorly distad stigma, otherwise infuscate (Fig.

19b).
Head. Antenna with 44 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow
smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with weak smooth transverse ridge (cf.
Fig. 9b); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum
and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae along ventral margin;
propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 4 or 5 apical spines; hind
_ femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-6 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14b),
1-2 X longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weakly impressed
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 1-0
x body length, 3-5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 8-0 mm.

VaRIATION 2. As in holotype except propodeum sometimes orange, legs reddish black, propodeum
sometimes with weak smooth carinae indicated (cf. Fig. 10e).

DIsTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 3. Trinidad and Guyana.

Holotype 9, Trinidad: Mt Benedict, 5.iii.1954 (Simmonds) (CNC).

Paratypes. Guyana: 1 9 , Demerara River, 29.iii.1913 (CU). Trinidad: 1 2, Santa Cruz Valley, 7.xi.1961
(CNC); 1 9, St Augustine, 8.xi.1961 (CNC).

Alabagrus paruyana sp. n.
(Map 11)

Hototyee 2. Colour. Black and yellow; following parts black: head excluding palpi, body of mesosoma
except propodeum, fore and mid coxae, trochanter of all legs, basal portions fore and mid femora, hind
ey and mid and hind tarsus; fore wing banded from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate
cf. Fig. 18d).

Head. Antenna with 50 flagellomeres; gena rounded posterolaterally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum anteriorly with weak median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 5f); scutellar
furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse
ridge and rugae (cf. Fig. 8a); median areola of metanotum lacking raised posterior border (Fig. 5b);
sternaulus absent; mesopleuron lacking foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 4d but lacking posterior foveae);

394 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

border between metepisternum and metepimeron smooth, lacking crenulae (cf. Fig. 4f); metapleuron
smooth (cf. Fig. 4f); propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); carina separating metapleuron from propodeum
present only in posterior third; mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 5 apical spines; hind femur
smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-8 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum smooth and convex (cf. Fig.
14b), 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with strong
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum with weak transverse depression; ovipositor 1-1 x longer
than body, 4-5 x length of hind femur.
Length. 10-0 mm.

VaRIATION 9. The two paratypes from Eucador are very similar to the holotype. The specimens from
Panama have much wider metasomata, slightly shorter ovipositors in relation to total length, and slightly
lighter overall coloration, length 7-0—10-8 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 11. Panama and Ecuador, probably widespread in north-
western South America.

Holotype 9, Ecuador: Napo Prov., Coca, v.1965 (Pena) (AEI).

Paratypes. Ecuador: 2 9, same data as holotype. Panama: 1 9, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado I.,
14.vi.1939 (Zetek) (USNM); 1 2, Barro Colorado I., 17.vii.1924 (Banks) (MCZ).

Alabagrus parvifaciatus (Cameron) comb. n.
(Figs le, 4d, 12b, 12d, Map 13)

Cremnops parvifaciatus Cameron, 1911: 323. Holotype C’, GuyANA (BMNH) [examined].

Cremnops maculipes Cameron, 1911: 322 [not Agathis maculipes Cameron, 1887]. Holotype 2, GuYANA
(BMNH) [examined]. [Synonymized by Turner, 1918: 82.]

Liyptia rufiventris Enderlein, 1920: 211. Holotype 2, Ecuapor (MZP) [examined]. Syn. n.

Hovotyee ©’. Colour. Black, orange and yellow; palpi, fore tarsus and portions of mid tarsus yellow;
orange as follows: metapleuron, propodeum, hind coxa except laterally slightly darker, hind femur except
apical fifth, and metasoma except apical third; fore wing infuscate; stigma concolorous with remainder of
wing (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antennae broken (number of flagellomeres about 40); gena expanded posteroventrally but
lacking acute angle (cf. Fig. 2f). Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 8b); scutum lacking median
longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 8b); scutellar furrow lacking longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum
with very weak, smooth, transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); sternaulus weakly impressed, 0-2 x length of
mesopleuron, with 1 fovea posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 4d); border between metepisternum and mete-
pimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. Sd); metapleuron smooth except for crenulae on margins; propodeum areolate
(cf. Fig. 7d); mid tibia lacking preapical spines; hind tibia with 6 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally
(cf. Fig. 3e), 3-3 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with 2 anterolateral carinae converging but not
meeting medially and with weak median longitudinal carina (Fig. 12d); 1st tergum 1-6 x longer than wide;
2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with strong transverse depression (Fig. 12d); 3rd
tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 12c).

Length. 7-2 mm.

FEMALES. Generally as for males except as follows: number of flagellomeres greater, about 45; propodeum
smooth with punctures anteromedially (cf. Fig. 10a), carinae only faintly indicated; 1st metasomal tergum
about 1-3 x longer than wide with weak, short, anterolateral, longitudinal carinae (Fig. 12b); ovipositor
1-5 X body length, 5-9 x length of hind femur; body generally longer than males, about 10 mm.

VARIATION 2 CO’. Metapleuron and propodeum black, orange or bicoloured; metasoma usually black
apically, rarely entirely orange (5%) (one group of specimens that I tentively place in this species are
entirely pale coloured except for the head); fore wing evenly infuscate (20%) (cf. Fig. 16), or fore wing
yellow basally and around stigma (60%) (cf. Fig. 20c) or infuscate with stigmal area yellow (Fig. 17e)
(20%) (intermediates are present for all wing patterns above), sternaulus often completely absent except
for 1 posteroventral fovea (cf. Fig. 4d); propodea of females usually completely smooth with punctures
anteriorly (cf. Fig. 10a), or rarely with very weak indications of major carinae; propodea of males with
strong, often irregular areolae (cf. Fig. 10f), with or without rugae in areolae, anterior transverse carina
usually absent; mid tibia rarely with 1 preapical spine (3%); carinae of 1st metasomal tergum of females
vary in strength from strong and 0-5 tergal length (cf. Fig. 12d), to weak, barely indicated anteriorly
(weaker than in Fig. 12b); 1st metasomal tergum of males with 2 or 3 carina, with or without rugae; Ist
metasomal tergum from 1-4—1-7 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd metasomal terga up to 1-7 x longer than

i
— oe ee, eae

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 395

wide; transverse depression at midlength of 2nd metasomal tergum usually smooth (85%) (Fig. 12d),
rarely rugose (cf. Fig. 12a); length 4-6-10-2 mm.

REMARKS. This species, especially the male, is very similar to A. stigma. It differs primarily in that A. stigma
is usually larger and has much rougher sculpture on the mesosomal pleura, the hind femur and the first two
metasomal terga.

Hosts. Diatraea albicrinella Box, Diatraea andiana Box, Diatraea busckella Dyar & Heinrich, Diatraea
centrella (Moeschler), Diatraea impersonatella (Walker), Diatraea saccharalis (F.).

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 13. Honduras south to Peru and east to Surinam, one
anomalous specimen from eastern Brazil.

Holotype 0’, Cremnops parvifaciatus Cameron, Guyana: ‘British Guyana’ (BMNH). Holotype 9°,
Cremnops maculipes Cameron, Guyana: ‘British Guyana’ (BMNH). Holotype 2, Lyptia rufiventris
Enderlein, Ecuador: Balzapamba (MZP).

Determined specimens of A. parvifaciatus are in the following institutions: AEI, BMNH, CNC, CU,
FSCA, IML, MCZ, MZP, RNHL, SC, UCV, USNM.

Alabagrus pecki sp. n.
(Map 20)

Ho tortyre Q. Colour. All yellowish orange except brown or black as follows: head, fore and mid femora,
fore and mid tarsi, hind trochanter, hind tarsus and tibia apically; fore wing clear basally, infuscate in distal
third (cf. Fig. 19d, but terminal band less sharply defined).

Head. Antenna with 43 flagellomeres; gena weakly expanded posteroventrally, rounded (cf. Fig. 12f).
Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 8a); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d);

scutellar furrow with weak median carina indicated posteriorly (cf. Fig. 7c); apex of scutellum smooth,
__ lacking transverse ridge and rugae (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus reduced to shallow groove lacking foveae, 0-3 x

length of mesopleuron; border between metepisternum and metepimeron smooth, lacking longitudinal
carinae (cf. Fig. 4f); propodeum mostly smooth with weak, longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 10e); mid tibia
with 5 preapical spines, hind tibia with 4 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-6 x
longer than wide. Metasoma. lst tergum 1-3 x longer than wide with large smooth median longitudinal
elevation (as in Fig. 13d, but elevation higher and wider with less pronounced lateral margins); 2nd plus 3rd
tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression at mid length (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd
tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor as long as body, 4-3 x length of hind femur.
Length. 9:2 mm.

ALLotyPE ©’. As in female holotype except as follows: fore wing with infuscation only slightly stronger
apically than basally (cf. Fig. 17c); apex of scutellum with weak, rugose, transverse ridge; border between
metepisternum and metepimeron with weak longitudinal carinae; propodeum with lateral longitudinal
carina strong and complete.

VARIATION Q. One of the three paratypes is slightly paler than the holotype, hind trochanter yellowish
black instead of dark brown; the paratype from Mexico has some black mottling on anterior 3 metasomal
terga, apical band of fore wing from well developed (cf. Fig. 19d) to weakly defined (cf. Fig. 17c); mid tibia
with 5 preapical spines, hind tibia with 4-8 apical spines; length 7-1—9-7 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 20. Belize, Guatemala and southern Mexico.

Holotype , Mexico: Chiapas, Palenque, 2.—30.vi.1983 (Peck) (CNC).

Paratypes. Belize: 1 2, S. Fun Camp, 8.vii.1970 (Bennett) (CIBC). Guatemala: 1 2, Cayuga, vi.1915
(Schaus) (USNM). Mexico: allotype ©’, Chiapas, San Cristobol de las Casas, 6.vi.1969 (CNC). Chiapas: 1
© , Palanque, 100 m, 2.—3.vii.1983 (Peck) (AEI); Veracruz: 1 2, Catemaco, 1100’ [339 m], 16.—18.vi.1969
(Mason) (CNC).

Alabagrus pisipuka sp. n.
(Map 11)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Black and red with fore tarsus yellow; red as follows: distal portions of mid leg, parts
of hind leg and metasoma; fore wing deeply infuscate with yellow stigma (cf. Fig. 17e).

Head. Antenna with 50 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); scutellar furrow with
weak median ridge (cf. Fig. 7c); apex of scutellum with weak, rugose, transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7b:

396 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

sternaulus with foveae extending 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 6a); border between metepister-
num and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); margins of metapleuron weakly crenulate (cf. Fig. Se);
propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 10 apical spines; hind
femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-8 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with anteromedial
bump (cf. Fig. 15d); 1st tergum 1-8 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-7 x longer than wide; neither
2nd nor 3rd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 15a); ovipositor about 1-5 x body length, 6-3 x
length of hind femur.
Length. 12 mm.

ALLoTyPE CO’. As in 2 holotype except: antenna with 51 flagellomeres; apex of scutellum with weak
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8b); sternaulus stronger, over 0-5 Xx length of mesopleuron; propodeum
areolate-rugose posteriorly and medially (cf. Fig. 7b); hind tibia with 7 apical spines.

VARIATION ©’. Sole paratype male is much as in the allotype but it lacks transverse ridge of scutellum;
instead only a rugose patch is present, as in the holotype.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 11. Santa Caterina, Brazil.
Holotype Q, Brazil: Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S 52°23’ W, 9.iv.1951 (Plaumann) (BMNH).
Paratypes. Brazil: allotype CO’, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 12.v.1938 (Plaumann) (BMNH);1 0,
Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 22.ii1.1964 (Plaumann) (SC).

Alabagrus plaumanni sp. n.
(Map 12)

Hotortype 9. Colour. Body dark reddish black except as follows; fore tarsus yellow, head and metasoma
anteriorly orange; fore wing infuscate with sharply contrasting yellow stigmal area (cf. Fig. 17e).

Head. Antenna with 46 flagellomeres; carinae of frons weak, especially laterally (cf. Fig. 1d); gena
rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 8b); scutum with weak
median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7c); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a);
apex of scutellum (posterior) with acute transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8b); median areola of metanotum not
excavated (cf. Fig. 9a) and with median longitudinal ridge; sternaulus weak, indicated posteroventrally by
several foveae (cf. Fig. Se); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d);
metapleuron smooth (cf. Fig. Se); propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 4 preapical spines; hind
tibia with 7 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 5-0 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st
tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-4 x longer than
wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression;
ovipositor 0-8 X body length, 2-8 x longer than hind femur.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 12. Known only from the type locality in Santa Caterina,
Brazil.

Holotype 9, Brazil: Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23’W, 300-500 m, i.1965 (Plaumann)
(CNC).

Alabagrus porteri sp. n.
(Map 12)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Orange and black; black as follows: head except palpi, propleuron, pronotum
anteriorly, metapleuron dorsally, fore coxa and part of fore femur, mid coxa and femur, hind coxa
laterally, hind trochanter, hind tibia distally, hind tarsus, and metasoma terminally; fore wing yellow
basally, with sharply defined infuscate band in distal quarter (cf. Fig. 19d).

Head. Antenna with 41 flagellomeres, gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2c). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 9b), scutum with weak median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 9b), scutellar furrow
smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with weak, smooth, transverse ridge
(cf. Fig. 7d); middle areola of metanotum weakly excavated, lacking raised margin posteriorly (cf. Fig. 8c);
sternaulus weak, composed of 2 foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. Sf); border between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth (cf. Fig. 5d); carina between metapleuron and
propodeum lacking in anterior half; propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines;
hind tibia with 4 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-4 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14a), 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 397

wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf.
Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-6 x body length, 2-1 x length of hind femur.
Length. 7-5 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 12. Known only from the type locality, Huanuco, Peru.
Holotype 9, Peru: Huanuco, Tingo Maria, 620 m, 5.—12.x.1964 (Porter) (MCZ).

Alabagrus purisp. n.
(Map 5)

Ho otyre 2. Colour. Mostly deep reddish brown but also with black, red and yellow; yellow as follows:
palpi, fore leg except coxa, mid leg coxa, trochanter and most of femur; head and last few segments of
metasoma black; metasoma otherwise red; remainder of body, i.e. most of mesosoma, deep reddish
brown; fore wing mostly infuscate with stigmal area yellow and basal area yellowish hyaline (cf. Fig. 20c).
Head. Antenna with about 41 flagellomeres (broken on type); gena greatly expanded posteroventrally,
acute (as in Fig. 2a but with sharper angle). Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with
well-defined median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae
(cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with weak, smooth transverse carina (cf. Fig. 7d); sternaulus foveolate, 0-4
x length of mesopleuron, foveae large (cf. Fig. 5c); border between metepisternum and metepimeron
crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron with crenulae on ventral margin; propodeum areolate, anterior
transverse carina absent (cf. Fig. 9b, but anterior median areola smaller than in figure); mid tibia with 5
preapical spines; hind tibia with 6 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-7 x longer than
wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with strong anteromedial bump (cf. Fig. 15d, but larger); Ist tergum 1-1 x
longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd and 3rd terga each with transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 13b); transverse depression of 3rd tergum weak; ovipositor 0-5 x body length, 1-9 x
length of hind femur.
| Length. 8-4mm.

ALLotyPeE ©’. Differs from holotype as follows: antenna with 43 flagellomeres; 1st tergum of metasoma
with stronger anteromedial bump; body length 8-5 mm.

VARIATION 2 ©’. Mesosomal colour variable, from dark yellowish brown to deep reddish brown; mid legs
yellow to brown; sternaulus longer, up to 0-5 x length of mesopleuron; rarely metapleuron rugose in
ventral half (cf. Fig. 4a); propodeum rarely more sculptured (cf. Fig. 6e); length 7-5-8-5 mm. The sole 2
paratype differs from the holotype in lacking a transverse depression on the 3rd metasomal tergum and the
1st tergum is 1-4 x longer than wide. I am not certain that it is a member of this species.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map. 5. Known only from the type locality in Santa Catarina,
Brazil.

Holotype 9, Brazil: Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23’ W, 300-500 m, xi.1966 (Plaumann)
(BMNH).

Paratypes. Brazil: Santa Catarina: allotype 0’, same data as holotype except ii.1965 (BMNH); 1 9, 10
CO, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23’ W, 300-500 m, xii.—iii. 1947-1967 (Plaumann) (AEI, CNC).

Alabagrus roibasi sp. n.
(Map 19)

Hototyre Q. Colour. Black, orange and yellow; palpi, tegula, fore and mid tarsi yellow; orange as follows:
mesepimeron, metanotum posteriorly, metapleuron, propodeum, hind coxa, hind femur and basal
four-fifths of hind tibia and metasoma; fore wing mostly clear in basal two-thirds, infuscate distally (cf. Fig.
18e).

Head. Antenna with 44 flagellomeres; gena with an obtuse angle posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2c).
Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d);
scutellar furrow with weak median ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with strong transverse ridge (cf.
Fig. 9b); sternaulus 0-5 x length of mesopleuron and composed of large foveae (cf. Fig. 4a); border
between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth dorsally,
Tugose in ventral third and with crenulae marginally (cf. Fig. 4a); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse
carina absent laterally (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 11 apical spines; hind
femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-3 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with small bump
medially (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd

398 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d);
ovipositor 0-7 x body length; 2-8 x length of hind femur.
Length. 7-8 mm.

ALLoTYPE O’. Asin 9 holotype except as follows: metasoma with some brown coloration distally and along
ventral midline; antenna with 42 flagellomeres; posterior border of median areola of metanotum complete;
anterior transverse carina of propodeum complete (cf. Fig. 7d), weak laterally; hind femur 2-7 x longer
than wide; length 7-0 mm; in general, shorter, wider and more heavily sculptured than 9 holotype.

VARIATION Q ©’. Metanotum orange to black; metasoma generally entirely orange, sometimes with black
markings, palpi yellow to black, hind coxa entirely orange to orange with brown laterally; hind tibia from
mostly orange to black; fore wing evenly infuscate (cf. Fig. 16) to mostly clear in basal two-thirds (cf. Fig.
18e); gena can be rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b); sternaulus from 0-5—0-8 mesopleural length (cf.
Figs 4a, 4c); rugae of metapleuron from restricted to ventral border to covering ventral half (cf. Figs 6a,
4c); anterior carina of propodeum present or absent; hind femur 2-7—3-2 x longer than wide, some males
with rugae ventrally (cf. Fig. 3b); length 6-6—8-0 mm; specimens with darker coloration are often more
heavily sculptured.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 19. Widespread in Mexico south to north-western Costa
Rica.

Holotype 2, Costa Rica: Guanacaste, Santa Rosa Park, 22.vi.1978 (Janzen) (AEI).

Paratypes. Costa Rica: allotype 0’, same data as holotype except 1.vii.1978. 8 9, 11 &, Guancaste,
Santa Rosa Park, v.—xi.1877—78 (Janzen) (AEI). El Salvador: 1 2, 4 km S. Quezaltepeque, 22.vi.1961
(Irwin) (USNM); 2 9, 4 km N. Quezaltepeque, 27.vi.1961 and 22.vi.1961 (Irwin) (USNM). Mexico:
Chiapas: 1 2, Muste, 440 m, nr Huixtla, ix.1970 (Welling) (CNC); 1 9, El Zapotal, 3-2 km S. Tuxtla
Gutierrez, 12.vii.1957 (Hurd) (UCB); Coahuila: 1 0’, 19-2 km N. Hermanas, 11.viii.1959 (Strange &
Menke) (USNM); Guerrero: 1 Oo’, 14 km S. Tierra Colorado, 21.vii.1963 (Parker & Stange) (USNM);
Jalisco: 1 2, Puerto Los Mazos, 14-4 km NW. Autlan, 28.viii.1970 (Wasbauer) (UCB); 1 9, 40 km N.
Guadalajara, 21.viii.1970 (Wasbauer & Echo) (UCB); Morelos: 2 9, Hujintlan, 22.viii.1956 (Dreisbach)
(USNM); Oaxaca: 1 0’, Monte Alban Ruins, 3.viii. 1964 (Daly) (UCB); San Luis Potosi: 1 9,10", 9-6km
N. Tamazunchale, 22.viii.1960 (Howden) (CNC); 1 9, 12 kmS. Valles, Ruta 85, 27.—29.vi.1981 (Miller,
Porter & Stange) (TAMU); 1 9, 22-4km E. Xilitia, 21.vii.1954 (Dreisbach) (MSUE); 1 C’, El Salto Falls,
8.viii. 1963 (Lee) (FSCA); 2 0’, El Navanjo, 29.vi.1965 (Spangler) (USNM); Tamaulipas: 1 0’, Mun. de
Rancho Nuevo, Burra Coma, 11.—28.vi.1979 (Gicca) (FSCA); Veracruz: 1 9, Minatitlan, 26.vii.—
1.ix.1961 (Dreisbach) (MSUE); 1 9, Lake Catemaco, 8.—16.viii.1960 (Howden) (CNC); 1 0’, 54 km E.
Jalapa, Puente Nac. (MSUE); 1 Y, Santiago Tuxtla, 8.vii.1956 (Driesbach) (MSUE); 1 9, Veracruz,
x.1962 (Drauss) (USNM); 1 &’, 56km W. Acayucan, 18.viii.1959 (Stange & Menke) (USNM); Yucatan: 1
CO’, Chichen Itza, 19.vii.1962 (Evans) (MCZ).

Alabagrus sanctus (Say) comb. n.
(Fig. 10f, Map 16)
Bassus sanctus Say, 1836: 249. NEOTYPE Q, U.S.A., here designated (USNM).

NeotyPeE Q. Colour. Black and orange; orange as follows: mesepimeron, metapleuron, propodeum, hind
coxa, hind femur, hind tibia basally, and metasoma; fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 45 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
well impressed (cf. Fig. 7b); median logitudinal ridge of scutum very weak (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow
smooth with weak indication of median ridge (cf. Fig. 7c); apex of scutellum with weak irregular transverse
ridge (cf. Fig. 7c); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. Sc); border between
metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth with crenulae on margins
(cf. Fig. Se); propodeum areolate, areolae irregular, median areola divided by longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig.
10f); mid tibia lacking preapical spines; hind tibia with 8 apical spines; hind femur punctate ventrally
(intermediate between Figs 3b and 3a), 3-4 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with sharply defined
median longitudinal carina 0-5 X tergal length (cf. Fig. 13d); 1st tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd plus
3rd tergum, 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum
lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor equal to body length, 4-0 x length of hind femur.

Length. 9-8 mm.

MALE. As in female neotype except sculpture of the following areas usually stronger; posterior transverse
ridge of scutellum, propodeum (cf. Fig. 7d), median carina of 1st metasomal tergum (cf. Fig. 13c).

_—

}
4

a ep

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 399

VaRIATION Q CO’. Coloration quite uniform, rarely propodeum and metapleuron reddish brown; sternaulus
often weak; mid tibia with 0-2 preapical spines; median carina of lst metasomal tergum variable,
sometimes absent; ovipositor 1-0—1-1 x body length; body length greatly variable, 5-4—10-9 mm.

Remarks. The holotype of this species is destroyed as is the bulk of Say’s collection of insects (Weiss &
Ziegler, 1931). A. sanctus is the most common species of Alabagrus in the United States after A. texanus,
and very similar morphologically to both A. texanus and A. imitatus. I therefore consider it appropriate to
designate a neotype to prevent any possible confusion that might arise in the identification of this species.
The specimen that I have chosen is from Missouri and agrees with Say’s rather generalized description of
the species. I have not been able to locate any specimens in good condition from Indiana, the type locality
of A. sanctus.

A. sanctus is very similar to A. texanus but the latter has the hind femur rugose ventrally; that of A.
sanctus is smooth with light punctation. A. sanctus is also very similar to A. imitatus but can be
distinguished by the following characters: ovipositor 1-1 x body length (1-4—1-5 x in A. imitatus);
propodeum with irregular rugae or areolae (usually smoother in A. imitatus). As noted by Muesbeck
(1927), specimens of A. imitatus are usually more slender, especially in the metasoma, than those of A.
sanctus. Males of these two species are very difficult to separate. See the diagnosis and remarks sections

under A. imitatus for a discussion of this problem.
| The type of Alabagrus sanctus could have been a specimen of either A. texanus or A. sanctus as they are
| understood in this revision. Say’s (1836) description of Bassus sanctus fits A. texanus as well as it does my
concept of A. sanctus. These are the only two species to which the name could apply.

Iam following the traditional concept of A. sanctus, e.g., Muesebeck (1927). Muesebeck (1927) gives no
reason for applying the name Bassus sanctus to this species as opposed to Alabagrus texanus, but it is the
| obvious choice in order to avoid confusion.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 16. Widespread in the eastern U.S.A., west to Nebraska,
south to southern Texas and north to New York and Michigan.

Neotype 9, U.S.A.: Missouri, Columbia, 7.viii.1967 (Parker) (USNM).

Determined specimens are in the following institutions: AMNH, ANSP, CMP, CNC, CU, FSCA,
MCZ, MSUE, SC, UGA, USNM, TAMU. Two male specimens, one in UCB, the other in MSUE, appear
to be A. sanctus on morphological criteria. They were captured in Palomeres, Oaxaca, and Fortin de las
Flores, Veracruz. These distributional data make me uncertain of the status of these Mexican specimens
| which could represent an undescribed species.

Alabagrus semialbus (Szépligeti) comb. n.
(Map 5)
Microdus semialbus Szépligeti, 1902: 76. Holotype CO’, BraziL (TMB) [examined].

Hovotyre ©’. Colour. Black, orange, yellow and red-brown; palpi and fore tarsus yellow; otherwise legs all
dark except hind coxa medially; head and body of mesosoma black; metasoma black except first segment
reddish brown; fore wing infuscate proximally, clear in distal third (cf. Fig. 18a, but lacking pale areas
basally).

Head. Antenna with 44—47 flagellomeres (antennae of holotype broken, number based on conspecific
specimens); gena greatly expanded posteroventrally, right angled (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply
impressed (cf. Fig. 7d), median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow mostly
smooth with weak median longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with acute, transverse ridge
(cf. Fig. 8d); sternaulus composed of 3 or 4 large foveae restricted to posteroventral third of mesopleuron
(cf. Fig. Sf, but with more foveae); metapleuron areolate rugose in ventral half (cf. Fig. 4a); propodeum
completely areolate (cf. Fig. 7d); mid tibia with 4 preapical spines; hind tibia with 4 apical spines; hind
femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c), 4-5 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14b);
1st tergum as long as wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d).

Length. 7:3 mm.

FEMALE. Basically as in O’ holotype, ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 2-9 x length of hind femur.

VARIATION Q. CO’. Anterior portion of mesosoma reddish black to black; hind coxa and femur sometimes
red; metasomal segments 1—3 sometimes red; mid tibia with 2—4 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3—4 apical
spines; body length 6-8-8-7 mm.

400 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 5. Known only from Trinidad, Venezuela and Sao Paulo,
Brazil, presumably far more widespread.

Holotype ©’, Brazil: Sao Paulo (TMB, Type no. 702).

Specimens that I have identified are deposited in the following institutions: AMNH, TMB, UCV.

Alabagrus shorteri sp. n.
(Map 4)

Ho tortyee 9. Colour. Black and orange; black as follows: head except palpi, body of mesosoma except
propodeum, mid and hind coxae, hind femur at midlength; metasoma distad segment 3; fore wing banded
from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate, bands not sharply defined (cf. Fig. 20a, though
not as sharply defined as in figure).

Head. Antenna with ? flagellomeres (antennae broken); gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e).
Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with well-defined median longitudunal ridge (cf.
Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth,
lacking rugae and distinct ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus short, composed of 1 or 2 large foveae
posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 5f); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d);
metapleuron smooth except several weak crenulae on margins; propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia
with 4 preapical spines; hind tibia with 5 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-8 x
longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with long, smooth, median ridge (cf. Fig. 13a); 1st tergum as long
as wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-2 X longer than wide; 2nd and 3rd terga both with distinct transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 13b); ovipositor 0-5 x body length, 2-1 x length of hind femur.

Length. 8-5 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 4. Known only from the type locality, Cuzco, Peru.

Holotype 2, Peru: Cuzco, Avispas, ix.1962 (SC).

Alabagrus sispacara sp. n.
(Map 3)

Hotoryre 2. Colour. Orange except melanic (black and dark brown) as follows: head except mouthparts,
all trochanters, hind tibia distally and hind tarsus; fore wing yellowish hyaline basally, infuscate in distal
third (cf. Fig. 19f).

Head. Antenna with 36 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2c). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum well defined (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar
furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus represented by several foveae
posteroventrally, 0-3 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 5f); border between metepisternum and mete-
pimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth (cf. Fig. 6d); propodeum areolate, anterior
transverse carina lacking; anterior areola with sharply defined borders (cf. Fig. 9d, though anterior areolae
not as long as in figure); mid tibia with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur smooth
ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-6 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with weak longitudinal bump
anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14a); 1st tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than
wide; neither 2nd nor 3rd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 15a); ovipositor 0-8 x body length,
2:5 X length of hind femur.

Length. 6-7 mm.

VaRIATION Q. Both paratypes essentially as in holotype 9.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 3. Known only from Peru and Venezuela but is likely to be
widespread between the two countries.

Holotype 9, Peru: Huanuco, Tingo Maria, 620 m, 5.—12.x.1964 (Porter) (MCZ).

Paratypes. Peru: 1 2, same data as holotype. Venezuela: Aragua: 1 9, Rancho Grande, 1000 m,
4.vi.1980 (Clavijo) (UCV).

Alabagrus sispalatreillei sp. n.
(Map 19)

Ho ortyre @. Colour. Black and reddish orange except palpi and fore tarsus yellow; reddish orange as
follows: hind coxa medially, hind femur, basal two-thirds of metasoma; fore wing yellow basally and in
large area around stigma, otherwise infuscate (cf. Fig. 20c).

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 401

Head. Antenna with 49 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum present anteriorly (shorter than in Fig.
7d); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth, with weak
indication of transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); sternaulus weak and short, about 0-3 x length of mesopleuron
(cf. Fig. Se); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly
smooth with crenulae on ventral margin; propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 3 preapical
spines; hind tibia with 4 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-0 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. 1st tergum with weak longitudinal rise (cf. Fig. 14d); 1st tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd
| plus 3rd tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum
| lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-9 x body length, 3-8 x length of hind femur.
Length. 10-2 mm.

VaRIATION Q. Sole paratype essentially as in holotype.

| DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 19. Trinidad.
Holotype Q, Trinidad: Curepe, 5.xii.1978, Malaise trap (CNC).
Paratype. Trinidad: 1 9 , St George, St Augustine, 15.vii.—13.viii.1976, Malaise trap (Noyes) (BMNH).

Alabagrus solox (Enderlein) comb. n.
(Map 7)
_ Astiria solox Enderlein, 1920: 208. Holotype 0’, BRAziL (MZP) [examined].

Ho otyre ©’. Colour. Black and orange except palpi and fore tarsus yellow; orange as follows: hind coxa,
_ femur and tibia, propodeum and metasomal segments 1—4 and part of 5; fore wing clear yellow in basal
two-thirds, infuscate distally (cf. Fig. 19a).

Head. Antenna with 44—46 flagellomeres (antennae broken on holotype, number based on paratypes);
gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with
| median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a);

apex of scutellum smooth, lacking rugae and distinct transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); median areola of
| metanotum not well excavated, lacking elevated posterior margin (cf. Fig. 5b); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x
length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig.
| 5d); metapleuron smooth (cf. Fig. 5d); propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); carina between propodeum and
| metapleuron absent anteriorly; mid tibia with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia with 5 apical spines; hind femur

smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-0 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14a); 1st
tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse
| depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d).
Length. 8-6 mm.

FEMALE. Essentially as in the &’ holotype except as follows: 1st metasomal tergum 1-3 xX longer than wide;
Ovipositor 0-6 x body length, 2-3 x longer than hind femur; body length 8-0 mm.

VARIATION ©’. The only other C’ specimen that I have examined is similar to the holotype except for length,
7-0 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 7. South and central Amazon basin.
Holotype ©’, Brazil: Para, Obidos, iv.—v.1906 (Hoffmanns) (MZP).
Two other specimens are deposited in the CNC.

Alabagrus stigma (Brullé) comb. n.
(Figs 3a, 3g, 6b, 8b, 9c, 12a, 20f, Map 1)

Agathis stigma Brullé, 1846: 501. Holotype 9, Brazit (MNHP) [examined].

Microdus stigmaterus Cresson, 1865: 65. Holotype 2. CuBa (ANSP) [examined]. Syn. n.

Microdus diatraeae Turner, 1918: 82. Holotype 2 , GUYANA (BMNH) [examined]. Syn. n.

Alabagrus citreistigma Enderlein, 1920: 203. Holotype 2, Brazit (MZP) [examined]. Syn. n.
Microdus crossi Bréthes, 1927: 163. Holotype 2, ARGENTINA (?) [not examined]. Syn. n.

| Microdus sacchari Myers, 1931: 274. Holotype 9, GuyANA (BMNH) [examined]. Syn. n.

| HoLoryre 2. Colour. Orange, black and yellow; palpi yellow; head, antenna and fore and mid legs
blackish brown; remainder of body reddish orange; fore wing infuscate, stigma yellow with clear patch
behind; base of wing weakly infuscate (cf. Fig. 20c).

402 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Head. Antenna with 40 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli well
impressed (Fig. 8b); scutum with weak median longitudinal ridge (cf. 10a); scutellar furrow with several
weak longitudinal carinae (Fig. 9c); scutellum heavily punctate, apex lacking transverse ridge (cf. 8a);
sternaulus foveolate, almost 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (Fig. 6b); meso- and metapleuron densely
punctate (Fig. 6b); propodeum with irregular carina medially (Fig. 8b), posterior areola indicated;
propodeum densely punctate anteriorly (Fig. 8b); mid tibia with 3 preapical spine; hind tibia with 1 apical
spine; hind femur densely rugopunctate ventrally (Fig. 3a), 3-3 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum
1-5 x longer than wide, with longitudinal rugosities and with anterolateral converging carinae (Fig. 12a);
2nd tergum with rugose transverse depression (Fig. 12a); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression; 2nd
plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; ovipositor 1-5 x body length, 6-8 x length of hind femur.

Length. 10-1 mm.

MALE. Males fall within the range of variation of female A. stigma, with four morphological exceptions.
First, the first metasomal tergum of one male from Guyana is smooth, except for a pair of anterolateral
longitudinal carinae that do not meet medially. Second, all males examined have a deep transverse
depression on the third tergum (cf. Fig. 13b), whereas females have a very shallow depression or none at
all. Third, the propodea of males are usually (65%) distinctly areolated with rugose sculpture also present
(cf. Fig. 10f). Females rarely (20%) have areolation well indicated on the propodeum. Finally, males can
be very difficult to distinguish from those of A. parvifasciatus as the sculpture of the hind femur can be
smooth ventrally in both species (cf. Figs 3b, 3e), though very rarely in A. stigma.

I have assembled over 400 specimens of A. stigma and have found only ten males. Rarity of the males
indicates that the species is largely parthenogenetic (see Hummelen, 1974).

VARIATION ©’. Body from orange with black restricted to head, to all legs black, most of mesosoma black
except propodeum, metapleuron and usually scutum orange; fore wing from evenly infuscate except for
yellow stigma (cf. Fig. 17e), to yellow in basal two-thirds and infuscate apically with dark parastigma (Fig.
20f); mid tibia with 1—4 preapical spines; hind tibia with 7-13 apical spines; pleura of mesosoma and hind
legs usually densely punctate, propodeum from almost smooth with rugae restricted medially (cf. Fig. 7b),
to rugose (8a), to areolate (cf. Figs 8a, 10f); 1st metasomal tergum usually with longitudinal rugae laterally;
transverse depression at midlength of 2nd metasomal tergum smooth to rugose; length 6-8—11-6 mm,
usually 10-11 mm.

Hosts. Diatraea canella Hudson, Diatraea impersonatella Walker, Diatraea lineolata Walker, Diatraea
saccharalis (F.), and Laphygma frugiperda (A. & S.).

REMARKS. Hummelen (1974) gave a thorough review of the biology of A. stigma based on his personal
observations. He described the various life stages, searching behaviour, fecundity and sex ratio.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 1. Widespread from southern Florida south to Uruguay and
northern Argentina.

A. stigma was introduced into the following areas for the biological control of the sugarcane borer
Diatraea saccharalis (F.): Antigua, Barbados, Puerto Rico, U.S.A. (Louisiana, Florida).

Holotype 2, Agathis stigma Brullé, Brazil Guaratuba (MNHP). Holotype 2, Microdus stigmaterus
Cresson, Cuba (ANSP, type no. 1738.1). Holotype 9, Microdus diatraea Turner, Guyana: Ogle Planta-
tion, east coast of Demerara (BMNH). Holotype 9, Alabagrus citreistigma Enderlein, Brazil: Sudbrasi-
lien, Espiritu Santo (MZP). Holotype 9 , Microdus sacchari Myers, Guyana: Berbice, 9.iv.1929 (BMNH).

Paratypes. Microdus stigmaterus Cresson, 2 9, Cuba (ANSP, paratype nos. 1738.2 and 1738.3).

I could not locate the type of Microdus crossi Bréthes. Cushman (1929) synonymized this species with
Agathis stigmaterus and his notes agree with my opinion on the variability of A. stigma. M. crossi was
reared from the same host as A. stigma, and the original description fits well within my concept of A.
stigma.

Determined specimens of A. stigma are in the following institutions: AEI, AMNH, ANSP, BMNH,
CNC, CU, FSCA, IML, MCZ, MNMP, NHNV, RNHL, UCV, USNM, ZMHB.

Alabagrus suni sp. n.
(Map 11)

Ho .otype 9. Colour. Black and orange; following areas orange: fore and mid tarsi, hind coxa and femur,
tegula, metapleuron, propodeum, segments 1—4 of metasoma and anterior portions of segments 5 and 6;
fore wing banded from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (cf. Fig. 8d).

Head. Antenna with 44 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 8c); scutellar furrow

pian

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 403

smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking rugose ridge (cf. Fig.
8a); median areola of metanotum with weakly raised posterior margin (cf. Fig. 7b); sternaulus weakly
impressed, 0-4 x length of mesopleuron, with 1 fovea posteroventrally (cf. Fig. Sd); border between
metepisternum and metepimeron with several short longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 5d but weaker);
metapleuron smooth; propodeum smooth with very weak indication of carinae in posterior half (cf. Fig.
10a); carinae between propodeum and metapleuron complete; mid tibia with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia
with 1 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-9 x longer than wide. Metasoma. \st
tergum slightly raised medially (cf. Fig. 14b), 1-2 x longer than wide, 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-4 x longer than
wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression
(cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 1-3 x body length, 5-6 x length of hind femur.
Length. 9-4 mm.

| VaRIATION @. Essentially as in the holotype except hind femur melanic in ventral half; median areola of
metanotum lacking raised posterior margin (cf. Fig. 8c).

| DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 11. Known only from the type locality in southern Peru.
| Holotype 9, Peru: Cuzco, Quince Mil, nr Marcapata, 750 m, 10.—15.xi.1966 (Pena) (AEI).
Paratype. Peru: 1 2, Cuzco, Quince Mil, nr Marcapata, 750 m, 20.—30.x.1962 (SC).

Alabagrus testaceus (Szépligeti) comb. n.
(Map 14)
Microdus testaceus Szépligeti, 1902: 76. Holotype 0’, BrAziL (TMB) [examined].

Hotortyre ©’. Colour. Yellow with some black; black as follows: head except gena posteroventrally and
palpi, patch on hind coxa laterally, portions of hind trochanter and tibia, and hind tarsus; fore wing
infuscate except stigmal area yellowish clear and stigma yellowish brown (cf. Fig. 19c).

Head. Antenna with about 38 flagellomeres (broken on holotype, number based on related species);
gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with
median, longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum (posterior) with acute transverse ridge (cf. Fig.
8d); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. Sd); metapleuron mostly smooth with carinate margins (cf. Fig. 4e);
propodeum areolate, anterior median areola long and narrow, much longer than posterior median areola
(cf. Fig. 8d); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur weakly rugose
ventrally (cf. Fig. 3b), 4-2 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14a); 1-5 x longer
than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf.
Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d).

Length. 6:5 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 14. Known only from the type locality in Amazonas, Brazil.
Holotype ©’, Brazil: Amazonas, Manaos (TMB, Type no. 705).

Alabagrus texanus (Cresson) comb. n.
| (Figs 2b, 3c, 4c, 12c, 16, Map 15)
Microdus texanus Cresson, 1872: 181. Holotype o’, U.S.A. (USNM) [examined].

Hototyre CO’. Colour. Black, orange, yellow, and brown; palpi, fore and mid tarsi and venter of metasoma
yellow; metapleuron and propodeum brown and orange, dorsum of metasoma, hind coxa and femur
orange, hind tibia and tarsus brown; remainder of body black; fore wing infuscate (Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with between 41 and 45 flagellomeres (broken on holotype); gena rounded post-
eroventrally (Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal
ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow with several longitudinal carinae; apex of scutellum with strong
irregular transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7a); sternaulus foveolate, 0-7 x length of mesopleuron (Fig. 4c); border
between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron rugose in ventral half and
crenulate on margins (Fig. 4c); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina complete (Fig. 7d); mid
tibia with 4 preapical spines; hind tibia with 6 apical spines; hind femur rugose ventrally (Fig. 3c), 4-1 x
longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with weak smooth median longitudinal ridge in anterior half (cf.
Fig. 13d); 1st tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum without transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d).

Length. 7-2 mm.

404 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Alabagrus texanus (Cresson)

Imm _,

FEMALES. Generally as in &’ holotype; females often with weaker sculpture; sternaulus usually 0-5 x length
of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); anterior transverse carina of propodeum often absent or weak; 1st tergum of
metasoma usually lacking strong median longitudinal carina, often with small anteromedial rise (cf. Fig.
14d); ovipositor 0-7—0-9 x body length.

VaRIATION Q ©’. Palpi usually (80%) brown; metapleuron and propodeum from yellow to black, usually
(85%) reddish orange; all areas described as yellow, brown or orange on holotype vary from yellow to red;
antenna with 41-45 flagellomeres; propodeum well areolate, anterior transverse carina usually present (CO
95%) (2 80%); propodeum often with rugae in areolae, especially in males; 1st tergum of metasoma from
smooth with small anteromedial bump (as in most females) (cf. Fig. 14d) to mostly rugose with strong
median longitudinal carina and weak transverse rugae (many males) (Fig. 12c); ovipositor 0-7—0-9 x body
length; body length 6-5—9-5 mm.

Hosts. Microthyris anormalis (Guenée), Pachyzanc thesiusalis Walker, Pantographa limata G. and R.,

Pilema periusalis (Walker), Pilocrocis ramentalis (Lederer), Sylepta silicalis (Guenée), Syngamia haemor-
rhoidalis (Guenée).

REMARKS. Needham (1955) has elucidated some aspects of the natural history of this species.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 15. Eastern U.S.A., west to Nebraska, north to the southern
tip of Ontario, and south to the Florida Keys and southern Texas.

Holotype 0’, U.S.A.: Texas (USNM, type no. 1723).

Determined specimens are deposited in the following institutions: AMNH, ANSP, BMNH, CNC, CU,
FSCA, LFAC, MCZ, MSUE, RNHL, SC, TAMU, UCB, UGA, USNM.

One specimen of A. texanus from the Ashmead collection (USNM) is recorded from ‘British Columbia’
(Canada?); I presume that it has been mislabelled.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 405
Alabagrus triangulifer (Enderlein) comb. n.
(Fig. 10d, Map 11)

Liptia triangulifera Enderlein, 1920: 211. Holotype 2, Brazit (MZP) [examined].

Hototyre 9. Colour. Mostly red, partly black, brown and yellow; fore and mid legs yellow except coxae
brown; palpi yellow; head black except antennal flagellomeres yellowish orange, ventral portion of
mesepisternum black; fore wing infuscate with yellow stigmal area and becoming yellow towards wing
base; parastigma black (cf. Fig. 20c).

Head. Antenna with about 48-51 flagellomeres (antennae broken on holotype); gena rounded post-
eroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 8c), scutum with weak median
longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7c); scutellar furrow with several weak longitudinal carinae; apex of scutellum
with weak transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7b); sternaulus weak, represented by 1 fovea posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
5d); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. Sd); metapleuron mostly smooth
with several carinae anteriorly and along margins (cf. Fig. 4e); propodeum with anterior and posterior
median areolae and posterior transverse carina (Fig. 10d); mid tibia with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia with
9 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-6 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum
with large longitudinal bump (cf. Fig. 14a but larger); 1st tergum 1-6 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd
tergum 1-6 X longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b), posterior
portion of 2nd tergum considerably higher than anterior portion; 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression
(cf. Fig. 14d).

Length. 10:7 mm.

FEMALES. As in male holotype except as follows: propodeum usually smoother, carinae usually (80%)
absent (cf. Fig. 10a) and weak when present (cf. Fig. 7c); longitudinal ridge on scutum and transverse ridge
on scutellum usually absent (cf. Figs 8c, 8a); ovipositor usually longer than body but quite variable, 0-8—1-3
x body length, 5-0—7-2 x length of hind femur.

VARIATION ©’. The variation in this species is striking; sculpture, coloration and ovipositor length all vary
significantly. Extremes of variation are as follows: entire antenna yellowish orange; most of mesosoma
black except fore and mid legs always yellow; fore wing infuscate basally (cf. Fig. 17e); rarely notauli well
impressed; sternaulus from well impressed and 0-5 x length of mesopleuron to absent except for 1 fovea
posteroventrally; posterior transverse ridge of scutellum very weak and smooth (cf. Fig. 7d); propodeum
from completely smooth to well areolated, especially in males (cf. Figs 10a, 10d); 1st metasomal tergum
often with anteromedial bump weak or absent (cf. Fig. 14b); ovipositor 5-0—7-2 x length of hind femur; ?
length 8-9—12-3 mm, CO length 9-2—10-9 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 11. South-eastern Brazil west to western Paraguay.
Holotype ©’, Brazil: Santa Catarina, Luderwaldt (MZP).
Specimens that I have determined are in the following institutions: AEI, BMNH, CNC, MCZ and SC.

Alabagrus tricarinatus (Cameron) comb. n.
(Figs 3b, 18c, Map 6)
Agathis tricarinata Cameron, 1905: 385. Holotype 9, BRAziL (BMNH) [examined].

Hototyre 2. Colour. Dark brown to black except as follows: palpi and fore tarsus yellow, propodeum
Orange, metasomal segments 1 and 2 and part of 3 orange; fore wing infuscate except clear band in distal
third quarter (Fig. 18c).

Head. Antenna with 38—41 flagellomeres (antennae broken, number based on conspecific specimens);
gena greatly expanded posteroventrally, right angled (similar to Fig. 2a but without sharp angle).
Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d), median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig.
7d); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with weak,
irregular, transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7c); sternaulus composed of 4 large foveae restricted to posteroventral
half of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. Sc); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d);
metapleuron smooth except for several crenulae along margins (cf. Fig. Sc); propodeum areolate (slightly
stronger than in Fig. 10e), lacking anterior transverse carina; mid tibia with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia
with 5 apical spines; hind femur smooth to weakly rugose ventrally (Fig. 3b), 4-2 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x
longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 14b); ovipositor 0-9 x body length; 3-2 x length of hind femur.

Length. 6-2 mm.

406 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY
Mate. Usually smaller than female, colour lighter, sculpture stronger.

VaRIATION 2 ©’. Legs often with more yellow; fore and hind coxae partly yellow; all tarsi yellow;
mesosoma entirely dark brown or black; clear area of wing can form band or large spot posterodistally;
posterior transverse ridge of scutellum smooth to weakly rugose (cf. Figs 7c, 7d); body length 6-2-8-1 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 6. Widespread, from northern Costa Rica south to northern
Argentina.

Holotype 9, Brazil: Amazonas, Rio Mauhes [= Rio Maués] (BMNH).

Specimens that I have identified are deposited in the following institutions: AEI, AMNH, BMNH,
CNC, FSCA, MCZ, SC, UCV, ZMHB.

Alabagrus tripartitus (Brullé) comb. n.
(Figs la, 6d, 6e, 11b, 18a, 18b, Map 2)
Agathis tripartita Brullé, 1846: 496. Holotype 2, GuyANa (MIZT) [examined].

Hototyre 2. Colour. Black and orange; orange as follows: palpi, metapleuron and propodeum, fore
tarsus, hind coxa basally, hind femur distally, anterior two-thirds of metasoma; hind tibia blackish orange;
2nd and 3rd metasomal terga with some black mottling; fore wing banded from base as follows: clear,
infuscate, clear, infuscate (cf. Fig. 20a).

Head. Antenna with 44 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 4a); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 4a); scutellar furrow with
weak median carinae (cf. Fig. 4a); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking rugae and transverse ridge (cf. Fig.
8a); sternaulus deeply impressed, represented by 3 or 4 large foveae posteroventrally (Fig. 6d); border
between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth (Fig. 6d);
propodeum areolate, anterior median areola small, lateral longitudinal carina absent behind posterior
transverse carina (Fig. 6e); mid tibia with 5 preapical spines, hind tibia with 11 apical spines; hind femur
punctate ventrally (intermediate between Figs 3a and 3b), 4-0 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum
with long, strong, median carina (Fig. 11b); 1st tergum as long as wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-1 x longer
than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 13b); 3rd tergum with weak transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 13b); ovipositor 0-8 x body length, 3-1 x length of hind femur.

MALE. Males do not differ significantly from females.

VARIATION Q ©’. Colour varies from almost completely black with exception of fore tarsus yellow and 1st
metasomal tergum orange, to pale with even more orange than holotype, i.e., hind coxa all orange, 2nd
plus 3rd metasomal tergum orange; fore wing usually as in holotype, sometimes bands weak (Fig. 18b);
rarely fore wing entirely infuscate except clear distally (Fig. 18a); propodeum usually with anterior
transverse carina weak; propodeum rarely with lateral longitudinal carina weak posteriorly (cf. Fig. 10b);
body length 7-3—9-2 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 2. Widespread in northern South America from Peru, the
Caribbean countries and south to Para, Brazil; one specimen was collected in Tabasco, Mexico.
Holotype 2, Guyana: La Mana, date ? (Serville) (MIZT).
Specimens that I have determined are deposited in the following institutions: BMNH, CIBC, CNC, CU,
RNHL, SC, UCV, USNM, ZMHB.

Alabagrus tupinamba sp. n.
(Map 5)

HototyPe 2. Colour. Black, yellow, orange and red; yellow as follows: palpi, fore and mid legs, hind
trochanter, tegula; orange as follows: scutum laterally, propodeum; red as follows: metasoma except
terminally, hind leg except coxa and trochanter; remainder of body black; fore wing banded from base as
follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (cf. Fig. 18d).

Head. Antenna with 46 flagellomeres; gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli
deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); median longitudinal ridge of scutum weak (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow
smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf.
Fig. 8a); sternaulus foveolate, about 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 5c); border between
metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae on
ventral margin (cf. Fig. 4e); propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia with 6 preapical spines; hind tibia

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 407

with 4 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally, 5-4 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with
smooth, longitudinal rise medially (cf. Fig. 14a); 1st tergum 1-7 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum
1-9 x longer than wide; both 2nd and 3rd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 13b); ovipositor 0-8 x
as long as body; 3-3 X longer than hind femur.

Length. 11-0 mm.

VaRIATION @. Often no red coloration on scutum; all red areas as described in holotype can be yellow or
orange; distal pale band on fore wing sometimes (20%) reduced posteriorly (cf. Fig. 20c); sternaulus
reduced (cf. Fig. 5e); preapical spines of mid tibia as few as 3.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 5. Northern Peru south to Bolivia and east to Guanabara,
Brazil.

Holotype 9, Brazil: Guanabara, Represa do Rio Grande, vi. 1966 (Alvarenga) (AEI).

Paratypes. Bolivia: Beni: 1 9, Versalles, 19.vii.1964 (Bouseman & Lussenhop) (AMNH). Brazil:
Guanabara: 2 9, same data as holotype; 2 2, Represa Rio Grande, viii. 1966 (Alvarenga) (AEI); 1 2, same
data as above except, vii.1966. Peru: Huanuco: 1 9, Yanayacu, Rio Pachitea, 17.viii.1961 (Shunke)
(BMNH); Loreto: 1 9, Boqueron Abad, 13.ix.1962 (Schunke) (BMNH); Ucayali: 2 9, Pucallpa,
27.v.1961 and 15.xi.1962 (Shunke) (BMNH).

Alabagrus uchuk sp. n.
(Figs 1d, 6c, 8a, 10e, 15a, 15b, 17d, Map 12)

Hototyre 2. Colour. Yellow with some brownish black as follows: head, hind trochanter, hind femur
distally and hind tibia on proximal and distal ends; hind tarsus yellowish brown; fore wing infuscate, paler
behind stigma (Fig. 17d).

Head. Antenna with 34 flagellomeres; lateral carina of frons reduced (cf. Fig. 1d); gena rounded
posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (Fig. 8a); scutum lacking median
longitudinal ridge (Fig. 8a); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (Fig. 8a); apex of
scutellum with weak, smooth transverse ridge weakly indicated (cf. Fig. 8c); sternaulus represented by
several foveae posteroventrally (Fig. 6c); metapleuron smooth except for short ridges on border between
metepisternum and metepimeron and very weak crenulae on margins (Fig. 6c); propodeum mostly
smooth, with lateral longitudinal carinae weakly indicated (Fig. 10e); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines;
hind tibia with 5 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-3 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. lst tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-8 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-3 x
longer than wide; neither 2nd nor 3rd tergum with distinct transverse depression (Fig. 15a); ovipositor
equal to body length, 3-8 x length of hind femur.

Length. 5-4 mm.

ALLOTYPE CO’. As in 9 holotype except as follows: terminal segments of metasoma yellowish brown;
posterior transverse ridge of scutellum well developed, rugose; propodeum well areolated, all major
carinae present (cf. Fig. 7d); body length 4-9 mm.

VARIATION 2 ©’. Coloration varies from yellow to dull yellowish orange; fore wing rarely (15%) with
stigma yellow and stigmal area clear (cf. Fig. 17e); males with much heavier sculpture than females; males
usually with brown coloration on metasoma; females usually with metasoma completely yellow (though
one specimen from Surinam has the metasoma mostly melanic); transverse scutellar ridge can be absent
(Fig. 8a); length 3-8—S-6 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 12. Widespread and common in north-western South
America from southern Peru through the Amazon Basin to French Guiana.

Holotype 9, Ecuador: Napo Prov., Limoncocha, 250 m, 15.—18.vi.1976 (Peck) (CNC).

Paratypes. Bolivia: state? 1 Q (Staudinger) (ASBS). Brazil: Amazonas: 1 9, Manaos, vii.1935 (Van
Vredenburg) (BMNH),; Para: 1 2, Belem, x.1961 (Bennett) (CIBC); 1 2, same data (BMNH). Guyana: 2
©, Demerara River, 20.—24.iii.1913 (CU); 1 9, Bartica, 18.ii.1913 (SC). Ecuador: allotype 0’, same data
as holotype; Esmereldas: 1 2, Dureno, 200 m, 23.—28.ix.1977 (Pena) (CNC); Napo: 50 9,560", same data
as holotype; 10 9, Limoncocha, vi., vii.1974 (Drummond) (FSCA); 1 9, Limonchocha, 29.iii.1974
(Drummond) (FSCA); 1 2, 2 0’, Limonchocha (Spangler & Givens) (USNM). Peru: Cuzco: 1 9, Quince
Mil, 750 m, nr Marcapata, ix.1962 (Pena) (AEI); 1 2, Quince Mil, ix.1962 (SC). Surinam: 1 9, Moengo,
10.ii.1947 (Geijskes) (RNHL). Trinidad: 1 2, Arima Valley (Rozen & Wygodzinsky) (AMNH); 1 9,
Maracas, xii.1977 (Mason) (MC); 3 2, Morne Bleu, 2,700’ (830 m), viii.1969 (Howden) (CNC, AEI).
Venezuela: Bolivar: 2 2, El Bochinche Res., Forestal Imataca, 200 m, 6.—13.xii.1974 (UCV).

408 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY
Alabagrus uchukgepisp. n.
(Map 11)

Ho otyreE 9. Colour. Black and yellow; head including antenna black; mesosoma black except tegula and
propodeum yellow; legs yellow except all coxae black and hind leg dark apically; metasoma yellow except
black apically; fore wing yellow with infuscate terminal band and narrow infuscate band proximad stigma
(similar to Fig. 18d but with smaller basal dark band); hind wing yellow basally and along anterior margin,
infuscate posteroapically.

Head. Antenna with 54 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b); face laterad clypeus
with weak, blunt ridge; occiput deeply excavated medially; inner angle of occipital excavation sharp (cf.
Fig. 1b). Mesosoma. Notauli weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf.
Fig. 8c); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth,
lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus composed of several small foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
Se); border between metepimeron and metepisternum mostly smooth with one short longitudinal ridge;
metapleuron smooth (cf. Fig. 5d); carinae between propodeum and metapleuron weak, rounded;
propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia lacking preapical spines; hind tibia with 5 apical spines; hind
femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-0 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum smooth, convex (cf.
Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 1-1
x body length, 5-0 x length of hind femur.

Length. 12-0 mm.

RemakksS. This species is similar to A. varia Enderlein; they differ mostly in body colour, hind wing colour
pattern and degree of development of the ridges laterad the clypeus. These ridges are considerably smaller
in the female of A. uchukgepi and it is primarily on the basis of this character that I believe that the
specimen represents a distinct species.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 11. Known only from the type locality in Surinam.
Holotype 2, Surinam: Upper Corantijn, Coeroeni I., 27.viii.1959 (Geijskes) (RNHL).

Alabagrus uru sp. n.
(Map 3)

HovotyreE 9. Colour. Black and orange except yellow as follows: palpi, fore coxa posteriorly, fore tarsus,
mid tarsus partly and tegula; orange as follows: hind femur medially, basal half of metasoma; propodeum
orange-black; fore wing infuscate except for clear band past mid length (cf. Fig. 18c).

Head. Antenna with ? flagellomeres (antennae broken); gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d).
Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum present (cf. Fig.
7d); scutellar groove smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae; apex of scutellum with weak irregular
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7b); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border
between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); smooth with weak outline of lateral
longitudinal and posterior transverse carinae (cf. Fig. 10e); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with
4 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-5 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum
with weak bump anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-3 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-4
x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 1-0 x body length, 3-8 x length of hind femur.

Length. 6-7 mm.

VaRIATION 2. As in holotype except as follows: tegula brownish black, propodeum orange, hind femur
melanic except for distal third.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 3. Peru.
Holotype 2, Peru: Cuzco, Avispas, nr Marcapata, 30 m, 20.—30.x.1963 (Pena) (AEI).
Paratype. Peru: Huanuco: 1 9, Pachitea River (Staudinger) (ZMHB).

Alabagrus variegatus (Brullé) comb. n.
(Map 7)

Agathis variegata Brullé 1846: 504. Holotype 2 , FRENCH GulaNA (MNHP) [examined].
Agathis ischioxantha Brullé, 1846: 503-504. Holotype 0’, FRENCH GUIANA (MNHP) [examined]. Syn. n.
Alababrus laeviventris Enderlein, 1920: 204. Holotype 2, BRAziL (MZP) [examined]. Syn. n.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 409

Ho ortyre Q. Colour. Orange and black except palpi, fore and mid tarsi all yellow; black as follows: head,
lateral lobes of scutum, scutellum posteriorly, propleuron, pronotum and metanotum in ventral half, fore
trochanter, femur and tibia; mid leg except tarsus, hind trochanter; hind tibia and tarsus blackish orange;
antennal flagellomeres somewhat paler than scape; fore wing infuscate with yellow stigmal area; fore wing
somewhat lighter basally than apically (cf. Fig. 19c).

Head. Antenna with about 36 flagellomeres (antennae broken on holotype), gena greatly expanded
posteroventrally, right angled (as in Fig. 2a but with right angle). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf.
Fig. 7d); scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow with weak median
longitudinal carina; apex of scutellum smooth, lacking rugae and transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); median
areola of metanotum not deeply excavated, posterior margin not elevated (cf. Fig. 9a); sternaulus
foveolate, 0-5 xX length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and metepimeron
crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae along margins (cf. Fig. Sc); propodeum
areolate, lacking anterior transverse carina (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3
apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-0 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with
small anteromedial bump (cf. Fig. 14a); 1st tergum 1-4 x longer than wide, 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5 x
longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-7 x body length; 2-6 x length of hind femur.

MALE. Essentially as in female holotype except as follows: mesosoma mostly melanic; all black except
metapleuron and propodeum orange; hind coxa orange, remainder of hind leg blackish orange; prop-
odeum completely areolate (cf. Fig. 7d), i.e., with anterior transverse carinae complete; 1st metasomal
tergum 1-2 x longer than wide.

VARIATION. Little variation other than fore wing rarely (5%) infuscate basally (cf. 17e).

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 7. South-eastern Brazil south to Buenos Aires, Argentina
and west to southern Bolivia.

Holotype 9, Agathis variegata Brullé, French Guiana: La Mana (Leschenault & Doumerc) (MNHP).
Holotype CO’, Agathis ischioxantha Brullé, French Guiana: La Mana (Leschenault & Doumere) (MNHP).
Holotype 9, Alabagrus laeviventris Enderlein, Brazil: Santa Catarina (Luderwaldt) (MZP).

Specimens that I have determined are in the following institutions: AEI, BMNH, CNC, CU, MCZ,
NHMV, TBM.

Alabagrus varipes (Cresson) comb. n.
(Fig. Sa, Map 10)

Microdus varipes Cresson, 1865: 65. Holotype 2, CuBa (ANSP) [examined].
Agathis varicubensis Shenefelt, 1970: 365. [Unnecessary replacement name. ]

Ho totyre 9. Colour. Orange except brown as follows: antenna, mouth parts, fore and mid legs excluding
coxae and tarsi; hind trochanter, tibia and tarsus; fore and mid tarsi yellow; fore wing deeply infuscate (cf.
Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 41—46 flagellomeres (antennae broken on holotype, numbers based on conspecific
specimens), gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d);
scutum with median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow with median longitudinal ridge (cf.
Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with well-developed, irregular, transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7a); sternaulus
foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (Fig. Sa, or cf. Fig. 5c); posterior margin of epicnemium large and
curled behind fore coxa (Fig. Sa); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d);
metapleuron mostly smooth except for few crenulae along ventral margin; propodeum areolate, anterior
transverse carina absent (cf. Fig. 9b); anterior median areola larger than posterior median areola; mid tibia
with 4 preapical spines; hind tibia with 10 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-3 x
longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with small bump anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-1 x
longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf.
Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d).

Length. 7-8 mm.

FEMALE. As in CO holotype except as follows: ovipositor 0-9 x body length, 3-7 x length of hind femur.

VARIATION ©’. Black as follows: head, propodeum, fore and mid coxa, tegula; epicnemium ventrally and
fore coxa posteriorly both yellow; sternaulus with foveae reduced; anterior transverse carina of prop-
odeum rarely (5%) present (cf. Fig. 7d); hind tibia with 6-10 apical spines; body length 5-8—7-8 mm.

410 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 10. Greater Antilles.

Holotype 0’, Cuba (ANSP type # 1737).

Specimens that I have determined are in the following institutions: AMNH, ANSP, BMNH, CNC,
FSCA, MCZ, USNM, TAMU.

RemaRrkKS. Shenefelt (1970) established an unnecessary replacement name for Agathis varipes (Cresson,
1865), because he believed it to be preoccupied by Agathis varipes Thompson, 1895. In fact, varipes
Cresson is the senior homonym although it was first described under Microdus. As varipes Cresson is here
transferred to Alabagrus a replacement name for varipes Thompson is unnecessary as it remains in Agathis.

Alabagrus varius (Enderlein) comb. n.
(Map 20)
Astiria varia Enderlein, 1920: 207. Holotype 2 Mexico (MZP) [examined]

Hototyre 2. Colour. Black and yellow; yellow as follows: propleuron, pronotum, scutum, tegula,
metapleuron, propodeum, Ist and 2nd metasomal terga, fore leg except basal four-fifths of femur, mid leg
except coxa and basal four-fifths of femur, hind femur in apical two-thirds and hind trochanter; fore wing
with 4 bands from base to apex as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (cf. Fig. 20a); hind wing with
infuscate band at mid length.

Head. Antenna with 49 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b); face laterad clypeus
with weak blunt ridge; occiput deeply excavated medially, inner angle of occipital excavation sharp (cf.
Fig. 1b). Mesosoma. Notauli weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf.
Fig. 8c); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth,
lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus composed of several small foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
Se); border between meso- and metepimeron smooth, lacking crenulae (cf. Fig. Sd); metapleuron smooth,
carina between propodeum and metapleuron weak, rounded; propodeum smooth (cf. Fig. 10c); mid tibia
lacking preapical spines; hind tibia with 5 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-0 x
longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum smooth, convex (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st tergum 1-2 x longer than wide;
2nd tergum with distinct transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking distinct groove (cf. Fig.
14d); ovipositor about 1-3 x body length, 5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 10-0 mm.

REMARKS. Very similar to A. uchukgepi, see remarks section of that species.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 20. Known only from the type locality in Chiapas, Mexico.
Holotype 2, Mexico: Chiapas (Conradt) (MZP).

Alabagrus versicolor (Bréthes) comb. n.
(Figs 2d, 3f, Se, 8c, 9a, 14d, 19c, Map 14)
Agathis versicolor Bréthes, 1909: 54. NEOTYPE C’, ARGENTINA, here designated (INTA).

NEoTYPE CO’. Colour. Orange, black and yellow; orange as follows: antennal flagellomeres, pronotum in
dorsal fifth, scutum except posterolateral corners, mesopleuron ventrally, metapleuron peripherally, hind
leg, propodeum, and metasoma except terminal segment; black as follows: head excluding yellow palpi
and orange flagellomeres, propleuron, most of pronotum, mesopleuron laterally, metapleuron medially,
posterolateral corners of scutum, scutellum, terminal segment of metasoma; fore and mid leg black-brown
basally to near apex of femur; fore and mid tibiae brown to yellow, their tarsi yellow; fore wing infuscate
with stigma area yellow and basal area partially clear (Fig. 19c).

Head. Antenna with 35 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (Fig. 2d). Mesosoma. Notauli
weakly impressed (slightly more impressed than in Fig. 8c); median longitudinal ridge of scutum weak (cf.
Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae; apex of scutellum (posterior) smooth,
lacking distinct transverse ridge (Fig. 9a); median areola of metanotum weakly excavated, posterior
margin not elevated (Fig. 9a); sternaulus composed of 1 or 2 weak foveae posteroventrally (Fig. Se);
metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae marginally (Fig. Se); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse
carina absent, other carina somewhat irregular (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 14 preapical spines; hind tibia
with 26 apical spines (Fig. 3f); hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3c); 2-8 x longer than wide. Metasoma.
1st tergum with weak, median, longitudinal rise (Fig. 14d); 1st tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd
tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum lacking
transverse depression (Fig. 14d).

Length. 6-9 mm.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 411
FEMALE. As in male neotype except ovipositor 0-7 x body length, 2-8 x length of hind femur.

VaRIATION 2 CO’. Coloration somewhat variable, posterior half of scutum black (30%); scutellar furrow
with median carina (Fig. 8c); apex of scutellum lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); mesopleuron mostly
orange (20%); metapleuron entirely orange (60%); propodeal carinae often (70%) somewhat reduced
anteriorly (Fig. 9a); length 9, 5-7—7-1 mm; length 0’, 5-5—8-0 mm.

REMARKS. Holotype destroyed. The specimen designated as neotype fits the original description well.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 14. Brazilian Highlands south to Uruguay and west to
north-eastern Argentina.

Neotype CO’, Argentina: Formosa, Malle (INTA).

Specimens that I have determined are deposited in the following institutions: AEI, AMNH, BMNH,
CNC, CU, IML, INTA, NHMV, RNHL, TMB, USNM, ZMHB.

Alabagrus voto sp. n.
(Fig. lle, Map 10)

Ho totyre 2. Colour. Yellow except antenna and distal fifth of hind tibia brown, hind tarsus light brown;
fore wing banded from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate (cf. Fig. 18d).

Head. Antenna with 39 flagellomeres; gena slightly expanded posteroventrally and evenly rounded (cf.
Fig. 2f). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); median longitudinal ridge of scutum very
weak, lacking corresponding grooves (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar groove with weak median longitudinal carina
(cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with weak, rugose transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7c); sternaulus short, restricted
to 2 or 3 foveae posteroventrally, 0-3 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. Sf); border between metepisternum
and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae along margins (cf. Fig.
5f); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carina absent (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 5 preapical spines;
hind tibia with 8 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-7 x longer than wide.
Metasoma. 1st tergum with short, weak, longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 14d); 1st tergum 1-1 Xx longer than
wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig.
14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-6 x body length; 2-1 x length of
hind femur.

Length. 7-1 mm.

ALLoTyPE ©’. As in 2 holotype except as follows: metapleuron weakly rugose in ventral third; anterior
areola of propodeum very narrow (cf. Fig. 8d); lateral areas of propodeum rugose (cf. Fig. 8a); Ist tergum
of metasoma with strong, median, longitudinal carina (Fig. 1le); body length 6-8 mm.

VARIATION @ ©’. Female similar to holotype; metapleuron of males smooth to rugose in ventral third;
anterior half of male propodea irregular, with anterior areola closed (i.e. lateral longitudinal carinae fused)
or quite large, irregular and open; body length 6-0—7-3 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 10. Known only from the type locality in north-western Costa
Rica.

Holotype 9, Costa Rica: Guanacaste, Santa Rosa Park, 2.viii.1978 (Janzen) (AEI).

Paratypes. Costa Rica: allotype 0’, same data as holotype except 27.v.1978;2 2, 10 0", Santa Rosa Park,
vi.—vili.x.1977 (Janzen) (AEI, CNC).

Alabagrus wachapu sp. n.
(Figs 10b, 11d, Map 7)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Black except: fore tarsus yellow; propodeum, tegula and 3 anterior metasomal terga
all orange; fore wing infuscate with distal half of stigmal area yellow and wing base pale (cf. Fig. 19b, but
stigma with more yellow than in figure).

Head. Antenna with 40 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.
Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 9b); scutum with weak, smooth, longitudinal ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig.
9b); scutellar furrow smooth with weak indication of median longitudinal carina posteriorly (cf. Fig. 7c);
apex of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus weak, represented by several
large foveae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 5f); metapleuron smooth except for some crenulae anteriorly and on
margins (cf. Fig. 5c); propodeal sculpture reduced, only median areola and posterior transverse carinae
present (Fig. 10b); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 5 apical spines; hind femur smooth
ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-7 xX longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with strong, long, median,

412 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

longitudinal carina (Fig. 11d); 1st tergum 1-3 x wider than long; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-1 x wider than long;
terga 2 and 3 with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 13b); ovipositor slightly shorter than body length (0-9 x),
1-7 X length of hind femur.

Length. 8-2 mm.

VaRIATION Q. Colour somewhat variable, mid tarsus yellow, hind coxa yellow posteriorly, 4th metasomal
tergum orange; metasomal sterna lighter in coloration than terga; base of fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 17e);
gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e); mid tibia with 1—4 preapical spines; body length 6-8—8-2 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 7. Ecuador south to Bolivia, east to Surinam and Para.

Holotype 2, Ecuador: Napo, Limoncocha, 250 m, 15.—28.vi.1976 (Peck) (CNC).

Paratypes. Bolivia: La Paz: 1 9, Ixiamas, xii.1921 (Mann) (USNM). Brazil: Para: 3 2, Brasilia, Molnar,
1931 (TMB). Ecuador: Napo: 1 2, Limoncocha, 250 m, 4.ii.1974 (Drummond) (FSCA). Surinam: 1 9,
Moengo, Boven, Cottica R., 12.v.1927 (CU); 2 9, Sint Barbara Pln., Surinam River, iv.1927 (CU). Peru:
Ucayali: 1 9, Pacallpa, 14.x.1962 (Schunke) (BMNH). Trinidad: 1 2, Maracas, 17.xii.1952 (Simmonds)
(CNC); 1 2, Simia, nr Arima, 250 m, 3.xii.1977 (Mason) (CNC).

Alabagrus waiwai sp. n.
(Map 12)

Hotortyre 2. Colour. Black except palpi, fore and mid tarsi yellow; hind coxa, femur and part of tibia
orange; metasoma orange with some black mottling and black apically; fore wing yellow, gradually
becoming infuscate distally, infuscate distad 1RS cell (cf. Fig. 19a).

Head. Antenna with about 45 flagellomeres (antennae broken on holotype, number based on para-
types); gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma. Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 9b);
scutum with median longitudinal ridge weakly indicated anteriorly (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow mostly
smooth with weak, median carinae indicated (cf. Fig. 7d); apex of scutellum with transverse ridge (cf. Fig.
9b); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth (cf. Fig. 6c); propodeum mostly smooth with
median longitudinal carinae indicated in anterior half and posterior transverse carinae indicated in
posterior half (similar to Fig. 10e); mid tibia with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind
femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-0 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex (cf. Fig. 14b);
1st tergum 1-3 xX longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-1 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse
depression (cf. Fig. 14); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-6 xX body
length, 2:4 x length of hind femur.

Length. 7-8 mm.

VaRIATION @. The two paratypes are almost identical to the holotype.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 12. Guyana and Para, Brazil.
Holotype 2, Guyana: Amatuk, 12.ix.1937 (Richards & Smith) (BMNH).
Paratypes. Brazil: Para: 1 9, 9.i.1896 (Austen) (BMNH); 1 ?, (Baker) (USNM).

Alabagrus waoranisp. n.
(Map 14)

Hototyre 9. Colour. Black and orange, with some yellow; fore and mid tarsi and palpi yellow; orange as
follows: metapleuron, propodeum, hind coxa except laterally, hind femur and parts of hind tibia, first 3
segments of metasoma; fore wing yellowish hyaline basally, infuscate in distal third (cf. Fig. 19a).

Head. Antenna with 41 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.
Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum well defined (cf. Fig. 7d);
scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking
transverse ridge and rugae (cf. Fig. 8a); sternaulus well impressed, foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron
(cf. Fig. 4a); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly
smooth with several weak crenulae ventrally; propodeum areolate, anterior transverse carinae weak,
absent laterally (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 2 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur
smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 3-7 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum with small longitudinal bump
anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14a); 1st tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5 X longer than
wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression
(cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-7 x body length, 2:4 x length of hind femur.

Length. 6-6 mm.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 413
VARIATION Q. Essentially as in holotype; sculpture of propodeum and sternaulus can be reduced.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 14. Western Ecuador.
Holotype 9, Ecuador: Napo, Limoncocha, 25.vi.1974 (Drummond) (FSCA).
Paratypes. Ecuador: Napo: 5 2, Limoncocha, on Rio Napo, vi., vii.1974 (Drummond) (FSCA).

Alabagrus warrau sp. n.
(Map 22)

Ho otyre 9. Colour. Yellow except black as follows: antenna, hind tibia distally, and hind tarsus; fore
wing without sharp border between infuscate terminal band and clear basal area (cf. Fig. 19a but with more
pale coloration than in this figure).

Head. Antenna with 36 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.
Notauli well impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); scutum with median, longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 7d); scutellar furrow
smooth, lacking longitudinal crenulae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with acute transverse ridge (cf. Fig.
8d); sternaulus foveolate, about 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. Sc); border between metepisternum
and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae ventrally; propodeum
areolate, mostly smooth anteriorly, anterior transverse carina absent, anterior median areola weak (cf.
Fig. 8c); mid tibia with 3 preapical spines; hind tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur rugose ventrally (cf.
Fig. 3c), 3-8 X longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum mostly flat with small anterior bump (cf. Fig. 14a);
1st tergum 1-6 X longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak
transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14b); 3rd tergum lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-9
X body length, 2-5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 5-3 mm.

VaRIATION @. Entirely yellow except black or brown antenna; head entirely black to entirely yellow except
antennae; fore and mid legs all melanic except coxae and tarsi; hind trochanter black; fore wing with sharp
border between infuscate terminal band and clear basal area (cf. Fig. 19d); sternaulus 0-3—0-5 x length of
mesopleuron; anterior areola of propodeum sometimes will defined on all sides; 1st metasomal tergum
1-2—1-6 X longer than wide; body length 5-0—6-0 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 22. Scattered distribution from San Luis Potosi, Mexico,
south through Central America to Colombia, and east to Trinidad.

Holotype Q, Trinidad: 830 m, Morne Bleu, 7.—28. viii. 1969 (Howden) (AEI).

Paratypes. Colombia: 1 2, state?, Tolima (Micholitz) (ZMHB). Costa Rica: 1 9, Guanacaste, Santa
Rosa Park, 24.vi.1977 (Janzen) (AEI); 1 2, Guancaste, Santa Rosa Park, 30.viii.1977 (Janzen) (AEI); 1
Q, Turrialba, viii.1963 (Porter) (MCZ). Mexico: San Luis Potosi: 1 9, 1 mi [1-6 km] W. Ciudad Santos,
14.it1.1977 (Gruetzmacher, Sweet, Jorden & Schaffner) (TAM). Trinidad: 3 2 , same data as holotype; 1 9,
Champs Fleurs, 5.ii.1953 (Simmonds) (CNC); 2 2, Cumuto Arepo, Savanna, iv.1913 (Thaxter) (MCZ); 7
Q, Curepe, x.—xi.1976 (Bennett) (BMNH); 1 9, Curepe, 1.ii.1961 (CNC); 5 2, Saint Augustine, viii.1976
(BMNH). 2 9, Saint Augustine, 18.xii.1952 (CNC); 1 9, Santa Cruz Valley, 7.ii.1961 (CNC); 2 9, 28.xi.,
20.xii. 1928 (Myers) (BMNH).

Alabagrus watachupa sp. n.
(Map 5)

Ho.otyre 9. Colour. Black and red with some yellow and orange; fore and mid tarsi and femoral-tibial
joints of fore and mid legs yellow; palpi yellow; lateral lobes of scutum orange; following areas red:
metanotum, propodeum, metapleuron, hind leg, and metasoma except terminal segment; fore wing
infuscate with stigmal area yellow and basal area of wing becoming progressively paler and clear at extreme
base (cf. Fig. 20c).

Head. Antenna with 42 flagellomeres; gena right angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2d). Mesosoma.
Notauli weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); scutellar
furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum (posterior) smooth, lacking
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); median areola of metanotum weakly excavated, lacking raised margin
posteriorly (cf. Fig. 9a); sternaulus weak, 0-2 x length of mesosoma, composed of 1 or 2 foveae
posteroventrally (cf. Fig. Sf); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d);
metapleuron mostly smooth with crenulae along margins (cf. Fig. Sf); propodeum areolate, anterior
transverse carina abbreviated (cf. Fig. 9b), anterior areola more than 2 x longer than posterior areola (cf.
Fig. 9d); mid tibia lacking preapical spines; hind tibia with 4 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf.

414 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Fig. 3e), wide, 3-3 x longer than wide. Metasoma. lst tergum with pronounced anteromedial bump (cf.
Fig. 15d); lst tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; both 2nd and 3rd
tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 13b); ovipositor short 0-4 x body length, 1-6 x length of hind
femur.

Length. 7-2 mm.

VARIATION Q. The sole paratype is essentially as the holotype.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 5. Known only from the type locality in Jujuy, Argentina.
Holotype 2, Argentina: Jujuy, 16.i.1966 (Townes) (AEI).
Paratype. 1 2, same data as holotype except 13.i.1966.

Alabagrus xipe sp. n.
(Map 9)

HototyrPe 2. Colour. All orange except black as follows: head, all legs except hind coxa basally and
medially; fore wing deeply infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 45 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
well impressed (cf. Fig. 7b); scutum with weak median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 9b); scutellar furrow with
weak median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 7c); apex of scutellum with weak, rugose, transverse, ridge (cf.
Fig. 7b); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. Sc); border between metepisternum
and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. Sd); metapleuron smooth except short crenulae on margins (cf. Fig.
4e); propodeum mostly smooth with some weak carina (cf. Fig. 7c); mid tibia with 1 preapical spine; hind
tibia with 8 apical spines; hind femur punctate ventrally (appearing intermediate between Figs 3b and 3a),
3-9 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum convex, without distinct anterior bump (cf. Fig. 14b); 1st
tergum 1-6 X longer than wide; 2nd plus 3rd tergum 1-8 x longer than wide; neither 2nd nor 3rd tergum
with distinct transverse depression (cf. Fig. 15a); ovipositor 1-6 x body length, 3-9 x length of hind femur.

Length. 10-4 mm.

ALLOTYPE ©’. Similar to holotype except as follows: pro- and mesopleuron below sternaulus melanic;
metapleuron rugose in ventral half and on margins (cf. Fig. 4c); 1st metasomal tergum with distinct median
carinae (cf. 13c).

VARIATION 2 CO’. Usually as in holotype but venter of mesosoma can be brown; 1 female has pronotum,
scutum and mesopleuron all black; flagellomere number varies from 45—49; propodeum smooth or with
rugae restricted to the margins (cf. Fig. 10a) or with weak carina (cf. Fig. 7c); length 10-2-12-4 mm; 1st
metasomal tergum of male can lack median carina.

Host. Diatraea lineolata Walker on maize.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 9. Near Mexico City south to southern Honduras.

Holotype 9, Mexico: Morelos, 6 mi [9-6 km] S Temixco, 16.vii.1963 (Parker & Stange) (USNM).

Paratypes. El Salvador: 1 2, 4-8 km S. Quezaltepeque, 19.vii.1961 (Irwin) (USNM). Honduras: 9 9, 1
oO’, 30 km SE. Tegucigalpa, 23.vii.1985 (Sequeira) (TAMU); 2 Q, same data except 3.x.1985; 1 9, same
data except 24.xii.1985; 2 2, Zamorano, 17.ii.1957 (Beans) (USNM). Mexico: allotype oO’, Guerrero,
Iquala, ex maize, viii.1952 (Flores) (TAMU). Guerrero: 2 2, same data as allotype; Morelos: 1 2, same
data as holotype; 1 9, Cuernavaca, 9.vii.1961 (Dreisbach) (MSUE); Oaxaca: 1 2, Oaxaca (Deppe)
(ZMHB); Veracruz: 1 2, nr Cordoba, 750 m, ex Diatraea lineolata Walker on maize, 25.v.1952 (Box)
(USNM).

Alabagrus xolotl sp. n.
(Figs 6a, 14c, Map 20)

Hovotyre Q. Colour. Yellowish orange except: head and all trochanters black; hind tarsus and tibia brown
apically; fore wing infuscate (cf. Fig. 16).

Head. Antenna with 44 flagellomeres; gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli
well impressed (cf. Fig. 7b); scutum lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 8c); scutellar furrow with
weak median carina (cf. Fig. 7c); apex of scutellum with weak transverse rugose ridge (cf. Fig. 7b);
sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (Fig. 6a); border between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron smooth except for short crenulae along margins (cf. Fig.
4e); propodeum with weak irregular sculpture (cf. Fig. 7b, but weaker); mid tibia with 12 preapical spines;
hind tibia with about 13 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-8 x longer than wide.

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 415

Metasoma. \st tergum flat, lacking anteromedial bump (Fig. 14c); lst tergum 1-4 x longer than wide; 2nd
plus 3rd tergum 1-6 x longer than wide; neither 2nd nor 3rd tergum with distinct transverse depression (cf.
Fig. 15a); ovipositor 1-1 x body length, 4-5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 9-4 mm.

ALLOTYPE ©’. (Males are strikingly different from females, especially in coloration and sculpture.) Black
and orange; head and body of mesosoma black; fore and mid legs mostly black, hind legs mostly black
basally and hind tibia also partly melanic; apex of metasoma black; remainder of body orange; scutellar
groove with 3 longitudinal carinae; transverse ridge at apex of scutellum lacking rugae (cf. Fig. 7d);
metapleuron with longitudinal rugae in ventral third (cf. Fig. 6a); propodeum areolate, anterior transverse
carina lacking (cf. Fig. 9b); mid tibia with 26 weak preapical spines (some are intermediate between setae
and true spines); hind tibia with 18 apical spines; 1st metasomal tergum with short, median, longitudinal
ridge (cf. Fig. 14d).

VaRIATION 2. Legs can be almost completely yellowish orange; trochanters all yellowish orange; rarely
small patch of orange on face; sternaulus often reduced to a smooth groove 0-5 x length of mesopleuron
(cf. Fig. 5d); propodeum varies from weakly and irregularly areolate to smooth; mid tibia with 8-14
preapical spines.

VARIATION ©’. Hind coxa orange to black; metasoma entirely orange; fore and mid tibia orange to black;
scutum, scutellum, metanotum, propodeum and rarely metapleuron orange; posterior transverse ridge of
scutellum absent (cf. Fig. 8a); propodeal sculpture reduced to areolate-rugose medially and smooth
laterally with only posterior transverse and median longitudinal carinae well defined (cf. Fig. 8c, but more
rugose medially); mid tibia with 12-30 small preapical spines; hind tibia with 14—20 apical spines; body
length 7-5—9-0 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 20. Widespread in Arizona and south to Chiapas.

Holotype 2, Mexico, Durango, 5 mi [8 km] W. Durango, 6,500’ [2000 m], 20.iv.1964 (Mason) (CNC).

Paratypes. Mexico: allotype ©’, same data as holotype except 14.vi.1964 (McAlpine); Chiapas: 1 C’, San
Christobol de las Casas, 2.vi.1969 (CNC); Chihuahua: 1 9, 1 oO’, 16 mi [25-6 km] SE. Chihuahua,
11.vii.1947 (Cazier) (AMNH); Durango: 3 9, 15 0’, same data as holotype; 2 2, same data as holotype
except 29.vi.1964, 14.vii.1964; 1 9, 7 mi [11:2 km] W. Durango, 7,000’ [2150 m], 13.vii.1964 (Mason)
(CNC); 1 2, 16 mi [25-6 km] W. Durango 7,000’ [2150 m], 3.vii.1964 (Mason) (CNC); 1 9,5 mi[8 km], W.
Durango, 23.vi.1964 (Howden) (CNC); 1 0’, 16 km W. Durango, 12.vii.1964 (MacSwain) (UCB); 1 9, 23
mi [36-8 km] W. Durango, 7,500 ft [2,300 m], 27.vi.1964 (Kelton) (CNC); Morelos: 2 9,3 mi[4-8 km] NW.
Cuernavaca, 6,500 ft [2000 mJ], 3.vi.1959 (Evans) (CU); Sonora: 1 9, 9 mi [14-4 km] E. Chupaderos,
3.vii.1963 (Parker & Stange) (USNM). U.S.A.: Arizona: 2 2, (ANSP); 1 9, Chino Val., 27.vii.1956
(Gehard & Betler) (USNM); 1 2, Ramsey Cyn., 6,500’ [2000 m], 15 mi [24 km] S. Sierra Vista, Huachuca
Mts, 22.vii.1967 (Sternitzky) (CNC); 1 O’, 8 mi [12-8 km] S. Rodeo, Hidalgo Co., 27.vii.1959 (Statham)
(AMNH); 1 o’, 16kmN. Prescott, Yavapai Co., 24.vii.1949 (Gertsch) (AMNH); 1 9, Sonita, 10.vii.1959
(Butler) (USNM); 1 9, 20 mi [32 km] W. Springerfield, Apache Co., White Mts, desert grassland,
23.vii. 1948 (Nutting) (IML); Texas: 1 0’, Marfa, 3.—6.vii. 1899 (Wickham) (AMNH); 1 0’, 10-15 km W. Ft
Davis on Hwy 166, 1500 m, 15.—23.vii.1948 (CNC).

Alabagrus yanamapa sp. n.
(Map 11)

Ho ortyre @. Colour. Black and orange; following areas orange: fore and mid tarsi, hind coxa and femur,
tegula, metapleuron posteriorly and dorsally, propodeum, segments 1—4 of metasoma and anterior
portions of segments 5, 6 and 7; fore wing banded from base as follows: yellow, infuscate, yellow, infuscate
(cf. Fig. 8d).

Head. Antenna with about 46 flagellomeres (antennae broken, approximation based on related species);
gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2b). Mesosoma. Notauli weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 8c); scutum
lacking median longitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 2c); scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf.
Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 8a); median areola of metanotum with
weakly raised posterior margin (cf. Fig. 7d); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x mesopleuron length, with many
foveae (cf. Fig. 6a); border between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron
smooth, with several crenulae anteriorly; propodeum smooth with very weak indication of carinae in
posterior half (cf. Fig. 10a); carina between propodeum and metapleuron complete; mid tibia with 1
preapical spine; hind tibia with 14 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-0 x longer
than wide. Metasoma. 1st tergum slightly raised medially (cf. Fig. 14b), 1-7 x longer than wide; 2nd plus

416 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

3rd tergum 1-6 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with weak transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum
lacking transverse depression; ovipositor 1-5 x body length, 7-2 x length of hind femur.
Length. 10-8 mm.

VARIATION Q. Sole paratype essentially as in the holotype except some black mottling on metasomal terga
1-3; body length 9-8 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 11. Surinam.
Holotype 9, Surinam: Zanderij, 16.vi.1963 (Van der Vecht) (RNHL).
Paratype. Surinam: 1 2, Republick, 9.v.1963 (Van der Vecht) (RNHL).

Alabagrus yaruro sp. n.
(Map 22)

Ho totyee 2. Colour. Yellow except black as follows: head except palpi, propleuron, fore and mid legs
except tarsi, hind coxa laterally, hind trochanter, hind tibia distally and hind tarsus; metasoma with some
black mottling dorsally (I doubt this mottling is consistent within the species); fore wing yellowish hyaline
basally, infuscate in distal fifth (cf. Fig. 19d).

Head. Antenna with ? flagellomeres (broken); gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 2e). Mesosoma.
Notauli deeply impressed (cf. Fig. 7d); median longitudinal ridge of scutum well defined (cf. Fig. 7d);
scutellar furrow smooth, lacking longitudinal carinae (cf. Fig. 8a); apex of scutellum with weak indication
of transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 7b); sternaulus foveolate, 0-5 x length of mesopleuron (cf. Fig. 4a); border
between metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 5d); metapleuron mostly smooth with
crenulae margins (cf. Fig. 5c); propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 7d); mid tibia lacking preapical spines; hind
tibia with 3 apical spines; hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 3e), 4-1 x longer than wide. Metasoma. 1st
tergum with small longitudinal rise anteromedially (cf. Fig. 14d); 1st tergum 1-2 x longer than wide; 2nd
plus 3rd tergum 1-5 x longer than wide; 2nd tergum with transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); 3rd tergum
lacking transverse depression (cf. Fig. 14d); ovipositor 0-6 x body length, 2:5 x length of hind femur.

Length. 8-6 mm.

VARIATION Q. Sole paratype essentially as in the holotype.

DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL EXAMINED. Map 22. Known only from the type locality in Venezuela.
Holotype 9, Venezuela: Carabobo, San Esteban Valley, Las Quiguas, 11.—19.i.1940 (Anduze)
(USNM).
Paratype. Venezuela: Carabobo: 1 9, San Esteban Valley, Las Quiguas, 1.—8.i1.1940 (Anduze)
(USNM).

Acknowledgements

I thank the following people and institutions. Barb Jinkinson for helping with the mapping of species
distributions and for taking most of the scanning electron micrographs. The cartography section of the
Land Resource Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, for drawing the cladograms. Vernon Vickery and
Keith Keven for their support and helpful criticisms of early drafts of this revision. The curators of the
institutions listed on p. 312 who lent specimens. The scanning electron microscope centre, Agriculture
Canada, for the use of their facilities. Tom Huddleston, Gary Gibson, Ian Gauld and Don Oliver for their
reviews. Albert Finnamore for the drawing of A. texanus.

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Muesebeck, C. F. W. & Walkley, L. M. 1951. Jn K. V. Krombein et al., Hymenoptera of America north of
Mexico. Synoptic Catalog. Agriculture Monographs 2 (1): 305 pp.

Myers, J. G. 1931. Descriptions and records of Hymenoptera from British Guiana and W. Indies. Bulletin
of Entomological Research 22: 267-277.

— 1932. Biological observations on some Neotropical parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the
Entomological Society of London 80: 121-126.

Needham, J. G. 1955. Notes ona leaf-rolling caterpillar and on some of its associates. Ecology 36: 346-352.

Nelson, G. 1979. Cladistic analysis and synthesis; principles and definitions with a historical note on
Adanson’s ‘Familles des Plantes’ (1763-1764). Systematic Zoology 28: 1-21.

Richards, O. W. 1977. Hymenoptera: introduction and key to families, 2nd edn. Handbooks for the
Identification of British Insects 4 (1): 1-100.

Riegel, G. T. 1948. The wings of Braconidae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 41: 439-449.

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Sharkey, M. J. 1985. Notes on the genera Bassus Fabricius and Agathis Latreille, with a description of
Bassus arthurellus n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The Canadian Entomologist 117: 1497-1502.

— 1986. Pharpa, a new genus of neotropical Agathidinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with a discussion
of phylogenetic relationships. The Canadian Entomologist 118: 1231-1239.

Shenefelt, R. D. 1970. Hymenopteroum Catalogus. Braconidae 3. Agathidinae. Pars 6: 306-428.

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National-Museums. Természetrajzi Fuzetek 25: 39-84.

— 1904. Hymenoptera Fam. Braconidae. Genera Insectorum 4 (22): 253 pp.

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Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 6: 397-427.

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catalogue. Part 2. Hosts of the Hymenoptera (Agaonidae to Braconidae). 190 pp. Ottawa.

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gical Research 9: 81-82.

418 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

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Connecticut. Bulletin. Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey no. 22 (1916): 824 pp.

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Watrous, L. E. & Wheeler, Q. D. 1981. The out-group comparison method of character analysis.
Systematic Zoology 30: 1-11.

Weiss, H. B. & Ziegler, G. M. 1931. Thomas Say, early American naturalist 260 pp. Baltimore.

Wiley, E. O. 1981. Phylogenetics: the Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics xv + 439 pp.
Toronto.

419

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS

Map 1
@ Astigma

eA Ww f

420

MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 421

Map 3

@ A.sispacara
B A. caudata
A A. pachamama

A. lokono

A. haenschi
A. uru

A. botocuda
A. mocovi

WEST LONGITUDE

422 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Map 4

A. caingaing
A. kiska

A. esembecki
A. shorteri

A. chimu

——————— ean)

A. mataco
A. erythromelas

A. laevis

ea

40 WEST LONGITUDE 20

@>MOOHeS

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS

423

COOOrPEHnS

Map 5

A. watachupa
A. tupinamba
A. aa

A. parunaupi
A. semialbus
A. maue

A. intimapa
A. puri

20

WEST LONGITUDE

MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

424

@ A. tricarinatus

: we
eo) t
r ,
PAS ej
he )

al

425

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS

Map 7

A. latisoma

ag A. elatoscutum
A A. levipodeum
© A. solox *
[m] A Jatreilei
& A. wachapu

A. variegatus

20

WEST LONGITUDE

30

426

MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

—_— ST APY

Map 8
@ A. arua

| | A. nigrilitus

/

l

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 427

Map9
@ A.janzeni
@ Amaya
(0) A. xipe
) A. mixcoatl

Map 10
A. varipes
LL @ =A. axtilton
[mB] A.ni0
© A.cora
e A. voto

To

428

MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Map 11

A. misa

A. oyana

A. uchukgepi
A. jatungepi
A. suni

A. triangulifer

A. pisipuka
A. paruyana
A. yanamapa

SOCHMOPOHO

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 429

Map 12

@ A. /eptosoma
BA. vwaiwai

A. porteri

A. aymara

A. uchuk
® A. festivus
A
[e]
[4]

A. pago
A. llampu
A. plaumanni

/

WEST LONGITUDE 20

MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

430

Map 13

@A

. masner

A A. panifasciatus

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 431

Map 14
A A. versicolor
BB 4. testaceus
@ 4 tuscistigma
© A. waorani

(ma) A. calibi

[a] A. muisca

te is.

30 WEST LONGITUDE

432 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Map 15
@ A. texanus

@ A.sanctus
A. marginatifrons

—

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS

|

Map 17
@ A. arawak

433

MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

434

hy

euidsigie y & po { ‘

°
e
S “e
ol
si
jo2|
j
se)
v
oO]
~ Ul ; me &
SS Seg pe |
° een a ; s
o alk aw > 1 5
gi. dew i hs ed a 1 5
iJ SS ! se
ee eS il 8 Sat he A aE aie Sar eS
ana 1 Sey ee ell ra 1 aS
i —1__ 41 ——— il. 4
oe se os se oo! sol ol sit

oe so OL we

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 435

A. caquetio
A. olmec
A. nicoya
A. masoni
A. roibasi
A. cocto

A. sispalatreillei

Map 20

e A. carib

A. diegeli
A. imitatus

A. miga
A A coatlicue
A. varius

A. pecki
® A. xolot!

MICHAEL J. SHARKEY

Map 21
@ A.maculipes
BB A ekchuah

© A. nahuat!

\
—— A alixa
@ A kagaba

& A.cuna
® A. yaruro
1}

A. warrau

Invalid names are in italics.

aa sp. n. 355

albispina (Cameron) 356
alixa sp. n. 356

arawak sp. n. 357

arua sp. n. 358

ayamara sp. n. 359

botocudo sp. n. 359

caingang sp. n. 360
calibi sp. n. 360

caquetio sp. n. 361

cara sp. n. 362

carib sp. n. 362

caudatus (Szépligeti) 363
chimu sp. n. 363
citreistigma Enderlein 401
coatlicue sp. n. 364
cocto sp. n. 364

cora sp. n. 364

crossi Bréthes 401

cuna sp. n. 365

diatraeae Turner 401
diegeli sp. n. 365

ekchuah sp. n. 366
elatoscutum sp. n. 366
erythromelas (Brullé) 367
esenbeckii (Spinola) 367

festivus (Enderlein) 368
floridanus Muesebeck 370
fuscistigma Enderlein 368
fuscovittatus Enderlein 377

guayaki sp. n. 369
haenschi (Enderlein) 369
imitatus (Cresson) 370
intimapa sp. n. 371
ischioxantha Brullé 408
ixtilton sp. n. 372

janzeni sp. n. 373
jatungepi sp. n. 373

Index

juchuy sp. n. 374

kagaba sp. n. 375
kiska sp. n. 375

laevis (Enderlein) 376
laeviventris Enderlein 408
latisoma sp. n. 377
latreillei (Spinola) 377
lepida Brullé 377
leptosoma sp. n. 378
levipodeum sp. n. 378
llampu sp. n. 379

lokono sp. n. 379

maculipes Cameron (Cremnops)
394

maculipes (Cameron) (Microdus)

380
marginatifrons (Muesebeck) 381
masneri sp. n. 381
masoni sp. n. 382
mataco sp. n. 383
maue sp. n. 383
maya sp. n. 384
miqa sp. n. 384
misa sp. n. 385
mixcoatl sp. n. 385
mocovi sp. n. 386
mojos sp. n. 386
muisca sp. n. 387

nahautl sp. n. 388

nicoya sp. n. 388

nigrilitus (Szépligeti) 389
nigrotrochantericus Viereck 370
nio sp. n. 390

olmec sp. n. 390
oyana sp. n. 391

pachamama sp. n. 391

paqo sp. n. 392

parunaupi sp. n. 392
parusimi sp. n. 393

paruyana sp. n. 393
parvifasciatus (Cameron) 394
pecki sp. n. 395

pisipuka sp. n. 395

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS

plaumanni sp. n. 396
porteri sp. n. 396
punctipennis Cameron 389
puri sp. n. 397

roibasi sp. n. 397
rufiventris Enderlein 394

sacchari Myers 401
sanctus (Say) 398
semialbus (Szépligeti) 399
shorteri sp. n. 400
sispacara sp. n. 400
sispalatreillei sp. n. 400
solox (Enderlein) 401
stigma (Brullé) 401
stigmaterus Cresson 401
suni sp. n. 402

testaceus (Szépligeti) 403
texanus (Cresson) 403
triangulifer (Enderlein) 405
tricarinatus (Cameron) 405
tripartitus (Brullé) 406
trochanteratus Cameron 380
tupinamba sp. n. 406

uchuk sp. n. 407
uchukgepi sp. n. 408
uru sp. n. 408

varicubensis Shenefelt 409
variegatus (Brullé) 408
varipes (Cresson) 409
varius (Enderlein) 410
versicolor (Brethés) 410
voto sp. n. 411

wachapu sp. n. 411
waiwai sp. n. 412
waorani sp. n. 412
warrau sp. n. 413
watachupa sp. n. 413

xipe sp. n. 414
xolotl sp. n. 414

yanamapa sp. n. 415
yaruro sp. n. 416

437

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British Museum (Natural History)
The Hymenoptera
Eds. Ian Gauld and Barry Bolton

With more than six and a half thousand species the Hymenoptera is by far the largest order of
insects in Britain. Despite this even entomologists often have little idea of the biological
attributes of the numerous families of parasitoids. This work aims to provide a comprehensive
introduction to the order, outlining the classification, biology and morphology of the groups
that occur in Britain including identification keys to families.

August 1988, 332 pp + xii pp, 8 pp colour, 2 pp monochrome, 148 figs including about
100 whole insect drawings.

Co-Published with Oxford U.P.

ISBN 0 19 858 5217. Hardback £35.00

Titles to be published in Volume 57

A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with
special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica

By Ian D. Gauld

A taxonomic revision of Alabagrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
__ By Michael J. Sharkey

_ A taxonomic revision of Caryocolum (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

By Peter Huemer

Photoset by Rowland Phototypesetting Ltd, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk
- Printed in Great Britain by Henry Ling Ltd, Dorchester