: ees oe a? Fa et Sel NA Pere 8 ae ee Bah - - 2 a a ke EB k = ER BTS wre pik Lc Sheed tnd on Wee hm gad Teter fot et mapas ENN (tnt fehort: Seah to ce ag eo eee mr ee ane Heke WB RAE NG eR Segmepn ba eth B SORES ere ps Soee Bem gt ge een oe napecane Seater tare oem ember amen ASAE AT Neath or eet OO ed EN Ae AD a en a erat RA RTT SW, 8S Sa Sm Sat Bs Dt OE Ne Vs eaN rit op Ne PS pee eel ett acs se RENE Omir wr Rema, webs ae aM ee ae te A te aera iG SAE ee ee eee ee ee cnt te han a phe tig Na iy ete Tit BR nn Si yet ts OA Eee Paid A Cb Beet gk Ay Ae it SA Gy a la A ys TE ee es AO Ag yl CG a aa OAS a cD Rak nen = Sah Retr ae mys ofl = tases abe ety ee eS AE heat eR Od AED oR A SO EO eT an en Semen, ak ee a me hot ae iS Ci yee t Be F. G. SCHAUPP BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SCcE iy NEW SERIES 196 ae : io nian | Nstipe ty '% # DEC 261916 2 \ JRAAAOF | ea) Mus iA en ae ae ; s A EDITED (IN SUCCESSION) BY JOHN B. SMITH GEO. H. HULST CHAS. LOUIS POLLARD R. P. DOW J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, PUBLICATION COMMITTEE CHARLES. SCHAEFFER, ROBERT P. DOW. Dec., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Mentioned in Volume XI. New forms marked *. Acalypia lillianis,* 39 Cafius johnsoni,* 13 thomsontt, 39 Callirhytis cornigera, 18 Agrotis violaris, 21 Callosamia promethea, 17, 114 Atlanthus, 114 Calocampa cineritia, 17 Alsophila, 60 curuvimacula, 17 pometaria, 85 Calosoma sycophanta, 18 Anarostoma, 15 Calypterus betule, 18 Anarostomoides,* 15 Cantharis, 26 petersoni,* 15 Canthon, 26 Anax junius, 18 praticola, 81 Anisopteryx, 69 Carabus limbatus, 18 Anthocharis genutia, 17 nemoralis, 17 Antiblemma inexacta, 17 vinctus, 18 Apion, 42 Catocala carissima, 90 Aprostocetus ulysses,* 112 elonympha, 17 Aradus cinnamomeus, 90 relicta, 18 falleni, 90 Cehrin antennatus,* 107 shermani, 90 ' bicolor, 107 uniformts, 90 compositus, 108 Arctia caia, 18 emarginatus,* 108 nats, 17 estriatus, 108 virgo, 90 mandibularis, 108 Ateuchus sacer, 26 Cephidia textrionis, 17 egyptorum, 27 Ceratomia undulosa, 90 Athous scapularis, 90 Cereus giganteus, 78 Attacus cecropia, 114 Cerura multiscripta, 90 californica, 114 Cetonia, 27 ; columbia, 114 Chalcholepidius viridipennis, 90 gloveri, 114 Chlenius pennsylvanicus, 81 Attalea, 41 Chloridea obsoleta, 42 Aulonium parallopipedum, 17 Chrysomyza enea, 42 tuberculatum, 17 demandata, 40 Cicindela consentanea, 18 cuprascens, 81 formosa, 81 hirticollis, 81 Aulonothroscus rugosiceps,* 63 constrictor, 63 Autographa biloba, 21 Banasa packardi, 91 lengii, 81 Bellura gortynides, 90 ee =o Bembidium carinula, 13 litorale, 13 modesta, 91 patruela, 18 pee b ponderosa, 81 Betula populifolia, 18 a aaa Bombus flavifrons, 46 : _ rugifrons, 91 pennsylvanicus, 46 scutellaris, 81, 91 Bruchomorpha oculata, 17 sex-guttata, 18 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI Cicindela striga, 92 tranquebarica, 81 Cingelia catenaria, 18 Clerus ichneumoneus, 90 Compsothrips albosignatus, 65 Copris, 26 carolina, 17 Coptodera erata, 90 Cossonus bohemanmni, 79 concinnus, 74, 79 crenatus, 79 ellipticollis, 79 fossicollis,* 74, 78 hubbardi, 74, 77, 79 impressifrons, 79 pacificus,* 74, 75 pinephilus, 77 platalea, 79 quadricollis, 79 schwarzi,* 74, 76 subareatus, 74, 75 texanus, 74 Cremastochilus nitens, 81 Cremphilus subcupreus, 47 Cychrus stenostomus, 18, 90 elevatus, 18 shoemakeri, 18 canadensis, 18 pyrsolepis, 90 stenostomus, 90 Cymbiodyta fimbriata, 47 Cryptothrips bicolor, 64 dentipes, 64 gilvipes, 64 lata, 64 Decatoma marylandica,* 112 Dermestes pulcher, 91 Diacrisia virginica, 21 latipennis, 21 Dianthus carthusianorum, 46 Dorcus brevis, 70 parallelus carnochani,* 70 Drapetes ecarinatus,* 62 geminatus, 62 niger, 62 mitidus, 62 quadripustulatus, 62 rubricollis, 62 Dysterias abortivalia, 17 Elachistus louisiana, 112 marylandica,* 112 Elasmocerus terminatus, 17 Endecatoma, 112 Epinaptera americana, 17 Erirhipis herbacea occidentalis,* 84 Eucetia pudens, 17 Eumeus atala, 91 Euphoria areata, 91 herbacea, 84 Euxesta exilis,* 45 quadnwittata, 40, 44 Galeroclerus fasciata, 74 trilobatus, 74 Gargaphia angulata, 18 Gaurax, 87 Geopinus fluvialis, 81 Geotrupes opacus, 81 Gerris, 53 Glea carnosa, 21 Gonatocerus novifasciatus, 112 Grynocharis expansa,* 72 oregonensis, 73 pilosula, 73, 74 quadrilineata, 73 Hadena burgessi, 21 Hepialus argenteomaculatus, 21 auratus, 18 Halictus floridanus cesareus,* 11 nymphaearum, 11 oceanicus,* 11 Heteromyza, 15 Helluomorpha nigripennis, 90 Homoglea hircina, 17 Homoptera cingulifera, 21 Hydroéssa, 56 Hydrometra australis, 92 martin, 92 : Hydrotaea acuta, 109 armpes, 109 bispinosa, 109 ciliata, 109 cressoni, 109 dentipes, 110 houghi,* 110 irritans, 109 metatarsata, 109 meteorica, 110 militaris, 109 occulta, 109 unispinosa, 109 Idiocerus skurra, 17 Jodia rufago, 17 Laricobius erichsoni, 14 laticollis,* 14 Lemna, 60 Leptura americana, 90 Libocedrus decurrens, 72, 73 Dec.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Ligyrus relictus, 81 Limenitis arthemis, 90 Liodes alpha, 20 Lucanus elaphus carlengi,* 70 Lucilia cesar, 33 Lygidea mendax, 18 Lymexylon sertceum, 17 Macrovelia horn, 92 Malacosoma americana, 17 disstria, 17 Marumba modesta, 90 Menecles insertus, 91 Merinus laevis, 90 Merragata hebroides, 92 Mesovelia bisignata, 92 mulsanti, 92 Microvelia, 53 albonotata, 57 americana, 57 atrata,* 57, 63 borealis,* 57, 59 capitata, 58 fontinalis,* 57, 58 pulchella, 50 Micrutalis calva, 91 Miscogaster marilandica,* 87 Myas coracinus, 90 cyanescens, 18 Neogeus burmeisteri, OI pusillus, QI Necrobia rufipes, 33 Nemosoma atienuatum, 72 cylindricum, 20 fissiceps, 72 punctatum,* 71 Neuroctenus simplex, 90 Notogramma stigma, 40, 41 Notoxus arizgonensis,* 36 balteatus, 35 bifasciatus, 38 brevicornis,*« 34 breviusculus,* 35 _calcaratus, 33, 37 cavicornis, 36 delicatus, 36 intermedius,* 38 montanus, 33, 35, 37 nevadensis, 35 nuperoides* 33 nuperus, 33 pallidus,* 35 Similis,* 37 Odontonyx trivittis, 90 Odontota hornti, 90 CEdaleothrips hookeri,* 64 Oncocnemis riparia, 17 Onthophagus guatemaliensis, 81 Operophtera bruceata, Ophion, 115 Orgyia leucostigma, 111 Orthosteira, 39 Orithostira, 39 Oscinoides* arpidia,* 87 Oxygramma rogationis, 21 Pachnobia salicarum, 17 Paleacrita, 69 ~ vernata, 85° Panchrysia purpurigera, 21 Papaipema speciossissima, 18 Pasimachus depressus, 18, 90, OF Phaneus difformis, 79, 81 Philhydrus nebulosus, 47 ochraceus, 47 Philonthus quadricollis, 14 seminitens, 14 Philosamia cynthia, 114 Phl@osinus sp., 72 sordidus, 14 Phyllophaga, 68 Piezocorynus dispar, 90 Pimelia, 27 Pimpla, 114 Pinus sabimana, 79 Pirene marylandensis,* 88 marylandicus, 88 Pithanus maerkeli, 18 Pleocoma australis, 12 behrensi, 12 conjungens, 12 fimbriata, 12 - Iurticollig, 12 hoppingi, 12 puncticollis, 12 rickseckeri, 12 staff, ulkei, 12 Podisus fretus* 82 maculiventris, 83 serieventris, 83 Populus tremuloides, 74, Promachus fitchu, 66 milberti, 68 vertebratus, 66 Protoparce carolina, 21 sexta, 21 Psaphidia thaxterianus, 17 Psenocerus supernotatus, 20 Pseudometagea hillmeadia,* 113 Pseudovespa austriaca, 102 Psithyrus insularis, 46 variabilis, 47 Pterostichus pupuratus, 90 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI Quercus coccinea, 18 palustris, 18 Renia tilosalis, 17 Rhagovelia, 53 obesa, 55 salina, 56 Rheumatobates, 55 Rhus copalina, 20 glabra, 20 typhina, 103 Saprinus sp. 81 Scaphinotus shoemakeri, 90 Scarabeus, 26 Scopelosoma sidus, 17 tristigmata, 17 Seioptera vibrans, 40, 46 Selenophorus sp., 81 Smerinthus astarte, 90 geminatus, 21 Solanum, 41 Soronia ulket, 17 Spheridium scarabeoides, 81 Sphenophorus destructor, 81 Sphex, 32 Sphida obliqua, 90 Sphinx chersis, ot Sthenopis 4-maculatus, 21 Strategus mormon, 79 Strongylium terminatum, 90 Teniocampa alia, 17 rubescens, 17 Tenebrioides mauritanica, 17 Tetraopes canescens, 81 Tetrastichomyia clisiocampae, 111 orygae,* III siluensis, III Tettix sp., O1 Throscus carinicollis* 63 chevrolati, 63 Toriricidia testacea, 17 fs Trechus borealis, 90 Tricrania sanguinipennis, 17, QI Tritoxa rufipes, 40 Trochopus marinus, 56 Trogosita virescens, 17 Tropisternus glaber, 47 lateralis, 47 Trydymus aureipes, 88 Vanessa milberti, 17 Velia, 53 australis,* 54 currens, 53 rivulorum, 53 stagnalis, 54 Veliomopha, 56 Vespa, 32, 101 americana, 103 arborea, 103 austriaca, 103 bnvealis, 103 carolina, 104 communis, 104 consobrina, 102 diabolica, 104 geramnica, 104 intermedia, 103 maculata, 104 occidentalis, 104 pennsylvanica, 104 rufa, 103 sulphurea, 104 vidua, 104 vulgaris, 104 Volucella obesa, 46 Xanthoptera semiflava, 17 Xylina antennata, 17 bethunei, 17 disposita, 21 fagina, 21 unmmoda, 17 PD Vol. XI FEBRUARY, 1916 ies, No. | BULLETIN BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY : NEW SERIES PUBLICATION COMMITTEE. \, CHARLES SCHAEFFER, Chairman ff. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW, Advertising Manager Editor Published by the Society _ Price, 25 cents at Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues) CONTENTS LIST OF THE FAMILIES OF COLEOPTERA IN AMERICA, emg ioe Soha So seems aie a He ween capets lve ol nite riers Rene I THE WEAVER OF THE WEB, Dow ........... SOPRA aes isu 6 TWO NEW BEES FROM NEW JERSEY, Cockerell ............. II THE: GENUS PLEOCOMA #Davisiwacieue es ius scence ote meee II THREE NEW COLEOPTERA FROM WASHINGTON STATE, 1 Oe Y | eee MME RALLY Aen wan Lane its Aor ELAM ARBOR EAr a urn Vo iiU Of 13 A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF HELOMYZIDAE, Malloch.. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SO CURD Y ere iris unis mpre state soe winetnle & nium fe mieten SNA elie en 17 THE DANCE OF THE GHOST MOTH, Keith .,..... i cis kien fan Hee BULEETIN : OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vou. XI FEBRUARY, IQI6 No. 1 A LIST OF THE FAMILIES OF COLEOPTERA IN AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO. By CHARLES W./LENG, 33 Murray St., N.Y. City. The following list is based on the work of Brues and Melander (“Key to the Families of North American Insects,” 1915), with some corrections, the authorities for which are given in the notes. It is published at this time in the hope of eliciting such comment from the students of the Coleoptera that, in the event of a new Check List being published, the materials for a satisfactory ar- rangement of the families, after free discussion by those inter- ested, may be available. It may be added that the work on which the list is based, for which we are most grateful to the authors, gives the definition of the family names employed, and is stated to be in turn based on the works of Sharp and Ganglbaur; and that it coincides, in the main, with the “Catalogus Coleopter- rorum” of Junk, as far as that work has been completed. The differences between its classification and that of Leconte and Horn, repeated in Henshaw’s Check List, are the result of the studies during the last forty years of a host of Coleopterists, who have corrected conclusions derived by Leconte,:mainly from consideration of the external adult characters, by studies of the larve in some families and by studies of the fossil ifisects in others; as well as by studies in some groups of the internal anatomy. The differences are not always very great, consisting often in treating Leconte’s subfamilies as families or vige versa, or in changes in the relative position of the families. Of such changes in position, the greatest is in according the highest rank to the beetles with lamellate antenne, a course which mosi il 2 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI readers are probably already prepared to adopt, except possibly as it affects the relative position of the Rhynchophora. The Rhynchophora were regarded by Leconte practically as a suborder, strongly differentiated by the rigid palpi, single gular suture, legless larve and, usually, by the beak. A con- tinuance of this division would still permit of ending the Coleop- tera genuina with the heteromerous, phytophagous and lamelli- corn series in successively advanced rank, and avoid interpolat- ing the Rhynchophora between them. Furthermore the Rhyn- chophora as a suborder would be more logically connected through the Brenthidz with the Rhysodide of the Adephagous series, and through the Anthribide with the Bruchide of the Phytophagous series, than they would be if regarded as merely a series of equal taxonomic value with other series. 1 should therefore personally prefer to transpose the position of families 90 to 93 so that they would follow families 94 to 97, but separated as a suborder so as to leave the Scarabzeidz at the end of Coleop- tera genuina. On this as well as on the minor points covered by the notes I © shall be glad to receive the comment of the reader. No such changes, however based purely on personal opinion, have been here made; the arrangement of the families follows that of Brues and Melander except as noted below where there is a conflict of authorities. OrvdER COLEOPTERA SUBORDER ADEPHAGA 1. Carabideet 5. Gyrinidee 2. Haliplide 6. Rhysodidz 3. Amphizoidze 7. Cupedide? 4. Dytiscidze SUBORDER POLYPHAGA Series PALPICORNIA 8. Hydrophilidze Feb., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 0. TO. iia 12) ey 14. nse 2D. 22% 24. 25. 210. Series STAPH YLINIFORMIA Silphidee 16. Hydroscaphidee Scydmeenidze 17. Scaphidiidze Leptinidze 18. Platypsyllidz Clambidze 19. Staphylinidz Orthoperidee* 20. Pselaphidee Ptiliidee* 21. Histeride Spheeriidee Series MALACODERMATA Lycidee 26. Melyride® Lampyridz 27. Cleridz Telephoridze 28. Corynetidze Malachiidée 29. Derodontidee Series CUCUJOIDEA Cucujidee Series CLAVICORNIA . Trogositide® 39. Tritomidee® . Nitidulidz 40. Moncedide® . Rhizophagide’™ 41. Colydiidee . Erotylidze 42. Cioidz . Mycetzidz 43. Sphindidze . Cryptophagidze 44. Endomychide . Phalacridee 45. Coccinellidze . Lathridiidee Series BRACHYMERA . Byturidz f 48. Nosodendridze . Dermestidze 49. Byrrhide Series MACRODACTYLIA . Georyssidz 53. Eucinetidz . Heteroceridz 54. Parnidze?® . Helodidze + Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI Series SERRICORNIA 55. Chelonariide 57. Rhipiceridze 56. Dascillidze Series STERNOXIA 58. Cebrionide 60. Eucnemidze 59. Elateridz 61. Throscide Series BUPRESTOIDEA 62. Buprestidz Series TERIDILIA 63. Lymexylonide 66. Lyctidee 64. Micromalthidz 67. Ptinidz 65. Bostrichidz 68. Anobiidz Series HETEROMERA 69. Oedemeridz 78. Monommidz 70. Cephaloonidze | 79. Othniidee 71. Pythidee 80. Aegialitidee 72. Pyrochroide 81. Lagriide 73. Hylophilidz 82. Alleculidze* 74. Pedilidz 83. Tenebrionidz 75. Anthicide 84. Meloidz 76. Melandryide 85. Mordellidze 77. Scraptidee 86. Rhipiphoridze Series PHYTOPHAGA 87. Cerambycide 89. Bruchide 88. Chrysomelide Series RHYNCHOPHORA go. Brenthidze 92. Curculionide ot. Anthribidz? 93. Scolytidze*® Series LAMELLICORNIA 94. Lucanide 96. Passalidze 95. Sinodendridz Q7. Scarabzeidee™ Feb., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 5 : OrDER STREPSIPTERA 98 Xenidee*® 1. Cicindelidz of Henshaw’s Check List are included as a subfamily of Carabide in accordance with Dr. Walther Horn’s work in Genera In- sectorum. 2. Cupedidze is the spelling used in recent works in place of Cupeside. 3. Orthoperide is equivalent to Corylophide as far as our fauna is con- cerned. A family called Aphenocephalide, Pseudocorylophide or Disco- lomidze by different authors is, however, separable in tropical America and may possibly be found in southern Florida at some future time. 4. Ptiliide is used in recent works instead of Trichopterygide. 5. Melyridz are separated as a family by Col. Thomas L. Casey (Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sci., VIII, 456) and the excellent reasons given appear to have been overlooked. 6. The family Trogositide has been called Temnochilide by most recent authors; also Ostomidze and Ostomatide; and has been by some divided into two families. Until the promised revision by Mr. Charles Schaeffer appears, it seems best to retain the name used in the Henshaw Check List. 7. The Rhizophagide are treated as a separate family by A. Méquignon in the Junk Catalogue and are omitted by A. Grouvelle in his treatment of the Nitidulide. 8. Tritomidz is used instead of Mycetophagide following Casey (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1900). 9. Moncedide is used instead of Adimeride because Moncedus Horn has precedence over Adimerus Sharp. 10. The name Parnide is retained because there has been much argu- ment as to the validity of Dryops, the priority of which name has led many to call the family Dryopide. 11. The name Alleculide is used by F. Borchmann in the Junk Cata- logus, following Seidlitz instead of Cistelide. 12. The name Anthribide may have to be changed on grounds of pri- ority; but it seems best to await the completion of the studies of Dr. W. Dwight Pierce in the synonymy of the Rhynchophora. 13. Dr. A. D. Hopkins has shown that Scolytide (not Ipide) is the proper name for this family; and that Platypodide of many authors is more correctly treated as a subordinate division. 14. The Trogide are separated as a family by Brues and Melander; but, being treated as a subfamily of Scarabeide by Mr. Gilbert J. Arrow in the Junk Catalogus, the same course is here followed. 15. The Xenidz are equivalent to Dr. Leconte’s Stylopide and are in- cluded for that reason though not Coleoptera. 6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI THE WEAVER OF THE WEB. By Ro Dow. Baoolsdyn, NG Ye It is hardly conceivable that there is any human art older than that of weaving, and for it Mistress Spider (the male spider toils not, neither does he spin) has stood prototypical always. A word to describe the process must be as old as the process itself and it has never changed greatly. The word web is merely the past par- ticiple of the verb, to weave. The spider is called in the Sanscrit language urnavabi, a compound, wool-weaver. It is but a step from vab to web. The corresponding Greek word is huphé. The Greeks did not retain the idea of wool in the spider’s name, - although their garments were for the most part woolen. It would seem that in primitive India cotton had not replaced wool. The Greeks called the spider avachne. ‘This is the spelling of Homer. Hesiod and Pindar spelled it arachnes. In the works of Aeschylus it became arachnos. In all later Greek it was again arachne. The Latin makes a direct step to aranea. The Ger- manic peoples took a different root, although keeping the original one to indicate weaving. Spider is merely spindler. A spindle is the stick on which the thread is wound, becoming slendered as thread is drawn into warp or woof. The word thread has no relation to the spider. It means that which is drawn and is akin to the Latin traho. The word arachne did not originate in Greece. Nor did it at first refer to the spider. There is an Indo-Germanic root, ark. It seems to mean a completely covered receptacle to serve as a hiding place either for a person or thing. As arcanum it still retains this idea. As arcane it differs. It is the two parallel bars of wood to which the weavers fastened their threads. Per- haps it developed into a more elaborate loom, far more service- able than hand weaving. If this be so, it would explain the myth of Arachne, which, while recorded by late poets, is as old as Greece, if not older. Arachne was a maiden, the most skilful weaver (or, more probably embroiderer) in Greece. She dared to compete with the Goddess Athene herself and spread upon her web remarkable Feb.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 7 tapestry effects depicting the failings of the Gods. By all ac- counts her work compared well with that of the Goddess, but who can stand against high Olympus? (DIPTERA). Byaja Re MArroce, Wrbana, Tl. The genus described herewith may be recognized as a helo- myzid by the distinctly spined costa, the very small size of the calyptre, the absence of tibial bristles except at apices, and by the venation. The vibrisse are not differentiated. The first example of the species that was taken, a female, proved a puzzle Feb., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 15 to me, though I had no doubt as to its being a helomyzid. Being unable to place it in any genus known to me, I made an attempt to obtain the male, hoping that it would clear up certain points for me, and fortunately succeeded in obtaining a single specimen. Much as I deprecate the erection of genera for the reception of single species, there appears to be no way out of it in this case, as the combination of characters possessed by the species is not met with in any genus in the family, and its habitus does not correspond closely to that of any other except, in some respects, to that of Heteromyza. From Heteromycza it is readily separated by the very much more widely separated eyes of the male, the longer costal spines, and the absence of mesopleural bristles in both sexes. Anarostoma is the most closely related North American genus yet described, but its species have mesopleural bristles and, as is the case in all the other genera, the first vein ends proximad of the vertical line of the inner cross-vein or just in line with the latter instead of very distinctly distad of it as is the case in the present genus. ANAROSTOMOIDES, n. gen. Generic characters.—Male, female: eyes widely separated; _ orbits with 2 pairs of bristles ; postvertical bristles small, cruciate ; face retreating, upper mouth-margin not sharply defined; vibrissz not well differentiated, represented by 2 weak hairs; cheeks almost subquadrate, nearly as high as eye; antennze of moderate size, arista subpubescent. Bristles of disc of mesonotum irregu- lar, the dorso-centrals consisting of 7 pairs, the anterior 2 pairs in front of suture ;* humeral bristle present ; mesopleura without bristles ; sternopleura with 2 bristles on the upper posterior angle and numerous long hair-like bristles on the lower portion; scutel- lum with 6 bristles. First vein ending distinctly beyond the inner cross-vein. Type of genus, Anarostomoides petersoni, n. sp. Anarostomoides petersoni n. sp. Male—Black, opaque, the ground-color everywhere obscured with dense grayish pruinescence. Frons_ slightly brownish or reddish anteriorly; face reddish testaceous; antenne deep * This may be an abnormal specimen, and possibly the usual number of dorso-centrals is 5 pairs. 16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI black; proboscis brown; palpi yellowish, darkened apically. Mesonotum with faint indications of a narrow brown vitta along the line of dorso- centrals. Legs not so densely pruinescent as the thorax, knees very nar- rowly reddish. Wings clear or slightly grayish, the veins black. Halteres testaceous, the knobs brownish yellow. Orbits not clearly differentiated, the whole frons opaque, lower orbital bristle slightly weaker than upper, both directed out over eye; surface of frons with numerous short black setule on anterior half; third antennal joint rounded apically; arista barely longer than width of frons, sub- pubescent, swollen at base. Acrostichal bristles irregular, about 3 rows between the dorso-centrals; disc of mesonotum with a few rather widely separated setulose hairs; mesopleura bare; pteropleura bare; scutellum bare on disc, with 6 marginal bristles. Abdomen slender; hypopygium of moderate size, recurved on venter. Legs rather strong, fore femora much incrassated, twice as thick as mid pair, their ventral surface covered with short, closely placed hairs and very short bristles; basal joint of fore tarsus much shorter than second, armed at its apex with a claw-like spur; mid and hind femora without bristles; fore and hind tibize each with a single weak preapical dorsal bristle; mid pair with about 6 apical bristles. Costa with numerous soft, short hairs and a series of distinct short bris- tles, an indistinct break in costa just proximad of the auxiliary vein, the latter joining costa in line with inner cross-vein; first vein joining costa but little proximad of a point midway between the cross veins; anal vein complete; outer cross vein about half its own length from wing margin. Female.—Differs from the male in having the fore femora normal in form and with a number of long, curved, slender bristles on ventral sur- face; the basal joint of fore tarsus much longer than the second and unarmed apically ; the mid femora with a number of short bristles on the anterior surface, and the preapical tibial bristles slightly stronger. Length: male, 6 mm., wing, 6 mm.; female, 5 mm., wing, 5.5 mm. Type locality, Urbana, Ill.; male, November 13, 1915 (J. R. Malloch) ; female, November 11, 1915 (A. Peterson) ,—both specimens taken in or near the Forestry of the University of Illinois. No data was obtained as to the habits of the species, but the male which I captured was taken close to the plot devoted to the culture of vegetables, and may have been associated with the decaying vegetable matter. The species is dedicated to Mr. Alvah Peterson, who captured the first specimen. Feb., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 17 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting of April 15, 1915:—Fourteen members present. Mr. Herman Greenwald was elected to membership. Long Island records: Tricrania sanguinipennis Say, reported by Mr. Dow from Central Park; Tenio- campa rubescens, T. alia, Xylina unimoda, X. antennata, X. bethunei, Calocampa cineritia, C. curvimacula, Jodia rufago, Scopelosoma sidus, S. tristigmata, all reported from the island by Mr. Engelhardt; Mr. McElvaire reported Oncognemis riparis at Northport. Mr. Olsen recorded Jdiocerus skurra at Huntington, and also Bruchomorpha oculata. Scientific programme: The Medico-Entomology of Pliny, by Mr. R. P. Dow. Mr. E. Shoemaker showed a collection of Long Island insects, in- cluding new records—Remia tilosalis Smith, Antiblemma inexacta Walker, Aulonium parallelopipedum Say, A. tuberculatum Leconte, Soronia ulkei Leconte, Lymexyon sericeum Harris, Elasmocerus terminatus Say, from Rockaway and Malaga, Trogosita virescens from Rockaway Beach. Meeting of May 13:—Eleven members and four visitors present. Long Island records: Cephidia textrionis, Wyandanch, by Mr. Engel- hardt; Epinaptera americana, by Mr. Doll; Anthocharis genutia, Forest Park, by Mr. Megner; Carabus nemoralis, the European form, was re- ported by Mr. Davis from Staten Island, May 10, who also stated that it had been reported from Newark, N. J., Bronx, N. Y., and Brooklyn; Mr. F. M. Schott was reported to have taken it about White Plains, New York. Programme: Mr. Olsen, “ The Jassids of Long Island,” to be published later in this Buttetrn. Mr. Dow concluded “The Medico-Entomology of Pliny.” Mr. Bueno exhibited a box of Heteroptera from British India, and directed attention to their very marked and characteristic facies. Meeting of June 10:—Thirteen members and one visitor present. Long Island records: Mr. Olsen reported Carabus nemoralis from Mas- peth; Mr. Pasch, Copris carolina from Brooklyn; Mr. Doll reported a hermaphroditic Callosamia promethea, with upper side of right wing with male markings and lower side female, taken at Flushing; Vanessa muil- berti, from Wyandanch; Mr. Weeks reported Arctia nais from Patchogue; Mr. Doll also reported Psaphidia thaxterianus Grote, from Wyandanch ; Mr. Engelhardt referred to the tent caterpillars, Malacosoma americana and Malacosoma disstria and their exceeding destructiveness on the Island. On willow he had secured Homoglaea hircina and on the bloom Pachnobia salicarum, Eucetia pudens and Catocala elonympha were also secured on April at Merrick, L. I, where Tortricida testacea, Xanthoptera semiflava and Dysterias abortivalia were also taken. Mr. Bueno showed a larva of Tenebriodes mauretanica which had been found in a sealed package of epsom salt early in May. (N. B.—This lived till late July without any food.) 18 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI Programme: Mr. Dow spoke on Mr. J. Turner Brakeley and his won- derful place at Lahaway, N. J. Meeting of October 14:—Seventeen members present and one visitor, Mr. H. H. Knight, of Cornell, a specialist on Miride. The programme was the usual informal report by members on the eae lecting season. Mr. Franck reported catching Hepialus auratus in Sulli- van County, New York; Mr. Bueno recorded the interesting Tingid, Gar- gaphia angulata, from White Plains, first record for the state; Mr. Nicolay reported the olive-green form of Cicindela sexguttata from Henryville and C. patruela abundant at Mt. Pocono; along the Potomac he had caught Cychrus stenostomus, elevatus and shoemakeri; on the top of Storm King Mountain, New York, he had found Cicindela purpurea. Mr. Shoemaker reported taking ten Cychrus canadensis near Winne- -saukee Lake, Ulster Co., N. Y. Mr. Schott recorded Calosoma sycophanta in Flatbush and on Fire — Island Beach; Cicindela consentanea from Wyandanch, April, and Cin- gelia catenaria very abundant in Babylon on October 3. Mr. Doll re- ported larve of Papaipema speciossisima on golden rod. Mr. Engelhardt reported swarms of Anax junius in a clearing in a wood near Tangiers, L. I.; from Yaphank, Cychrus elevatus, in an old and abandoned cistern, and Myas cyanescens. Mr. Dow reported Catocala relicta from Flatbush and Arctia caia from Sullivan Co. Mr. Olsen reported a catch of forty or fifty specimens of Pithanus merkeli from Maspeth, a Palearctic species heretofore unknown from North America. Mr. Bueno reported this also for White Plains. Mr. Olsen also recorded the Aphid Calypterus betule from Betula .populifoha. Mr. Davis showed the Mirid Lygidea mendax, from Yaphank, L. L, taken on July 26, 1908, first record from the island. November 11 meeting :—Fourteen members and one visitors present. Mr. Weeks exhibited a live Pasimachus depressus from Yaphank; Mr. Davis showed the gall of Callirhytis cornigera, usually to be found on Quercus palustris, but this on Q. coccinea, from Massapequa, L. I., July 11. Programme: Mr. Bueno’s paper on the Hemiptera Heteroptera of Yap- hank was read in his absence, with exhibition of the rarer species there- from, to be published later in the ButteTiIn. Mr. Dow showed a large number of plaster casts of insect burrows, by the late Mr. Brakeley, the originator of the method. December meeting :—Present twelve members and two visitors. Mr. Howard L. Clark, of Providence, and Mr. Howard Notman, of Brook- lyn, were elected to membership. Long Island records: Mr. Schott reported from Little Neck, L. L.,, Cychrus elevatus on December 11, and also Carabus vinctus and C. limbatus. Feb., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society il) Programme: Mr. G. P. Engelhardt, on “The Seside of Long Island,” which will be published later. Mr. Bueno presented a paper on “ West- chester Miride—A First Notice,” which will appear later in the BULLETIN. Report of the Secretary of the BRookLyN ENToMoLocicaL Society for 1915: In the year just past, the Brooklyn Entomological Society has pur- sued the even tenor of its way. No events of the first magnitude have disturbed its steady progress. Perhaps the most worthy of its achieve- ments is the continued support given to its BULLETIN, which, rejuvenated under the guiding and fostering hand of its editor, is worthily continuing the tradition of its predecessors, maintaining a high standard and striving for an ever higher, on a practically self-supporting basis. The scientific papers have ranged “from China to Peru,” all phases of our favorite science have been touched upon and hitherto unknown facts have been illuminatingly presented to us. The titles have ranged from “The Sacred Scarab Beetle,” type of the self-existing Egyptian Sun-God, to “ Mos- quito Destruction in the Suburbs of Brooklyn,” five thousand years apart in time and 10,000 miles in space. No less than fourteen papers of quality were presented in eight meetings. Under Long Island records 86 species have been reported as occurring on the island, not heretofore noted, con- tributed by Messrs. Davis, Nicolay, Shoemaker, Engelhardt, Franck, Dow, Weeks, Olsen, Doll, Pasch and Bueno. Attendance at meetings ranged from 11; in May, to 17 in February and October, with an average of 14 plus. The most constant attendants, pres- ent at every meeting as beseems officets, were Messrs. Olsen, Dow, Bather. Twenty-six members attended one or more meetings, and there were also thirteen visitors. Two members resigned in the year, Messrs. Pearsall and Levinson; and three were elected. On the whole, the Society may be said to have prospered in the year past. It is undiminished in numbers, and while the insect frontiers recede further away from the city day by day, the “Old Guard dies but never surrenders,’ and keeps its spirit young while it lives; when it falls the younger generation steps in full of vim and enthusiasm to carry on the work one step further till they too shall merge into the cosmos, their material forms dissolved into the elements that compose them; their ego persisting in their worthy work; and their souls returning to the Infinite, whence they came to do their share in the progress of the race of man. The Brooklyn Entomological Society shall go on through the impulse of these labors, to continue by its activities that tradition handed down from John B. Smith and his fellow worthies, which constitutes their precious legacy to us. J. R. DE LA’ TorrE-BUENO, Secretary. 20 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI NOTE ON PSENOCERUS SUPERNOTATUS. By R. P. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y. In January I inspected a number of twigs of sumac, two species, Rhus copalina and R. glabra, hoping to find evidences of Nemo- soma cylindricum. The live twigs contained nothing, the dead ones were thickly populated with very small Scolytid larve and some species of Cerambycid, the almost full grown larve boring the pith chamber lengthwise. A bundle of twigs put in a cloth covered jar yielded imagos in April. The longhorn proved to be Psenocerus supernotatus. This seems to be a new food plant record. The New Jersey list gives currant, but others are known. The first arrivals were two males, one about twice as big as the other. On the first day both were observed to find an attrac- tion in a particular spot on one of the twigs. They met and fought. The smaller had his left antenna bitten off above the third joint. Two days later I inspected the jar at daybreak. The “woman in the case” had arrived, making her entrance on the very spot where the fight had occurred and had already gone to housekeeping, but with the cripple as her partner. The victor was not seen to come near them. It is evident that some sense organ revealed the female to the males not less than 36 hours before her emergence from the unbroken wood. Two weeks later a number of Liodes alpha emerged from the twigs. This was the species to be expected from this food plant. Feb., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 21 THE DANCE OF THE GHOST MOTH. Mr. E. D. Keith, of Providence, R. I., writes of his 1915 ex- periences: “I see great differences in collecting conditions since I began in 1900. ‘The past five years especially have brought many changes, making our collecting places few and far between. I have not made many rare captures this year, though some seem worthy of mention. Glea carnosa came to light; Panchrysia pur- purigera was bred from meadow rue; Autographa biloba, Oxry- gramma rogations, Hadena burgessi, Agrotis violaris, Homoptera cmgulifera, Xylina disposita, and X. fagina were captured. Many desirable species are growing scarcer from year to year. The only Sphingide that can be called common are Smerinthus geminatus, Protoparce sexta and P. carolina. It is the same with many Bombycide and Noctuide. My series of Sthenopis 4-macu- latus came from a swamp which is fast being converted into a dump heap, with ashes, tin cans, and other refuse of a city. This little swamp, at one time filled with Viburnums, Vacciniums, Clethra, Alders, Jack-in-the-Pulpits, and other swamp livers, is the home of the Ghost Moth (Hepialus argenteomaculatus). In early June I start out at twilight, as the robin is singing his evening song. A catbird gives his scolding cry and flits into the bushes. The Maryland yellowthroat says “wait a bit,’ then becomes silent. Dusk is approaching. Many Geometridz fly over the ee ie Diacrisia virginica and latipennis are common. “Tt is about quarter to eight when I select an opening among the bushes to watch the so-called dance of the males of the Ghost Moth. Each male will give quite a swing like a pendulum, often with an arc of four feet or so. Their flights do not last longer than fifteen or twenty minutes. Sometimes they go away quite a distance, dance, and come back to their former places. I have seen the females come to the males but never found them mated. I have read that the females fly over the herbage, scattering their eggs as they go,—haphazard. I have observed them more than once on alders, crawling with fluttering wings up the main trunks as if they were ovipositing, but I have never found the pova, which are very small. The adult life of this species seems to be 22 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. X1 fifteen days. I only took a pair this year, though I saw quite a few. It is a greater pleasure to observe the habits of a species than to collect and I dislike to clean out a place. “There is never a year that the woods are not set on fire, and this is no exception. Collecting at willows is out of the question as the ‘kids’ break down and destroy every pussy willow around here. All this is the case around Providence. A dozen miles or more away conditions would probably be different.” THE BROOKLYN -ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first ‘Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185 Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00, OFFICERS, 1916 President WILLIAM T. DAVIS Vice-President W. T. BATHER Corresponding Secretary R. P. DOW Recording Secretary J. R. pe ra TORRE-BUENO Treasurer CA OLSEN Librarian A. C. WEEKS Curator GEORGE FRANCK Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences CHARLES E. SLEIGHT Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in October, December, February, April and June of each year Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.25, in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica- tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento- mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address subscriptions and all communications to R. P. DOW, Editor, 15 Broad Street, New York City, cee = Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance and others; — Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America; _ a Re ¥; Collections of beneficial and injurious insects; Collections of — Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also - illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration..and Diaries th i : If interested write for the following circulars: = 116. 125 128 129 130 131 132 143 Biological Material for Dissection, Life Histories of Economic Insects, it List of Living Pupae, Uh aa Exotic Lepidoptera, OCI North American Lepidoptera, bai: iY Exotic Coleoptera, North American Coleoptera, i es Type Collections, also Collections ilbasteatines ne yp LAR ACO beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mimicry ~ yl and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism. Our complete Insect catalogue and list of publications will be sent on receipt of mh cents. | £ i y: Mast ‘ avy Be Moll XI APRIL, 1916 No. 2 & BULLETIN OF THE 3) _ BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL a SOCIETY NEW SERIES PUBLICATION COMMITTEE — CHARLES SCHAHFFER, Chairman J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW, | Advertising Manager Editor Published by the Society Price, 25 cents | Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues) CONTENTS Cee TIMONY OR TEE TOMBS, }Dow cic). ce cs6 oe sentria 25 NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NOTOXUS, Fall ..... 34 A NEW TINGID FROM NEW YORK STATE, Torre Bueno ..... 30 -. DISPERSAL OF SOME ORTALIDA, Knab rete esas eens ee eaees 41 HIBERNATING HYDROPHILIDA, Wintersteiner .............. 46 BULLETIN BrRooktyn EnTomotocicat Society. Vot. XI. PLATE 1. THE HAND OF THE PRINCESS— Dow BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XI | APRIL, 1916 No. 2 THE TESTIMONY OF THE TOMBS. By R. P. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y. In Egypt the surviving arts show that at the earliest known periods there was the greatest degree of initiative, the widest lati- tude of expression, the finest workmanship. Nevertheless sur- viving records of all Egypt do not mention the economic aspect of insects as extensively as the single chapter of Exodus regard- ing the plagues sent to rebuke a faithless Pharaoh. No chronology can bring nearer than, say, 6,000 B. C. the date of the first king of the reputed first human dynasty, Menes, a physician, learned in anatomy, and it is probably earlier than 9,000 B. C. That the land was densely populated is proven by the great numbers of men needed to build the great pyramids of about 4,000 B. C. The remains of aboriginal culture are few, since agricultural Egypt was always the favorite conquest of the warlike and less civilized. The papyri date only from about 1,500 B. C. The monuments in stone are the material for all that we know. From them the corps of savants of Napoleon drew the information that made Egypt known to the world. The best scholars of the time, 1797, searched every discoverable record. The insect data were handed to Lat- The frontispiece represents the hand of a princess of a dynasty living about 1,800-2,000 B. C. It is almost exactly life size. In 1868 a series of royal tombs were discovered near Memphis. The severed hand, which is clearly that of a young woman, was secured by Rev. Howard Crosby and is now owned by Nicholas E. Crosby, Ph.D., of New York. The rest of the mummy is in Cambridge, Mass. The texture of the cloth surrounding the hand is clearly to be seen. The stone of the scarab itself is pale green. The ring is of gold, a plain wire, wound on the upper half with finer wire. 25 26 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI reille to be worked up, but they were pitiably meager. However Egypt gives us the first mention of a beetle, the scarab. The worship of this creature antedates the history of any land. In life the scarab is a coprophagous Scarabzeid beetle, about an inch long, black and stout, occurring commonly all around the Mediterranean, extending to the Cape of Good Hope and to south China. Its life history is similar to that of any of our common Canthon or Copris. Its scientific name is Ateuchus sacer. No severer arraignment can be made of the vandalism injected into scientific nomenclature than the mutation whereby the generic name Ateuchus has been substituted for Scarabeus in violation Bie Fic. 2. Fic. 1 is drawn from a gold inlay on a lacquered copper box. While it came from Assyrian remains near Ninevah and dates about 800 B. C., it is characteristically Egyptian and was: probably imported. One wing is omitted for convenience. Note that the wing is feathered like a bird, not membranous like a beetle. This conventionality is general after, say, 4,000 B. C. Fic. 2 is a conventional symbol of very common occurrence, meaning the flight of time or the complete cycle of the world. Egyptologists generally call it a bird symbol. Compare it with Fig. 1, and note that, while the tail is of a bird, the horns are of the scarab. The wings might be either. The significance of the symbol is that of the scarab. of every phase of the rights of priority and the destruction of the right application of name to the oldest, grandest, best known genus of beetles in the world. Throughout classic times and the Middle Ages all beetles were known either as Scarabeus or Cantharis. The type of the genus restricted by Linneus is, of course, the sacred beetle. The present genus Ateuchus is a fairly large one, about thirty species being so far described from Africa. More than one were included in Egyptian veneration. A notable variety, found widely April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 27 in Egypt and Nubia, named by Latreille Ateuchus A.gyptorum, is golden green, larger than the true sacer, and Pliny says that to gaze upon it relieves the eyes of fatigue. Another species men- tioned in ancient times, but not now clearly identified is smaller and with small horns turned backward. This creature preserved life if picked up by the left hand and worn as an amulet. Still another is called Fullo, is covered with white spots, and made a precious amulet. No Ateuchus corresponds to this description but it has been discovered recently that beetles of other families were considered also as scarabs, notably those of the genus Pimelia. There is a species of this genus, quite as robust as an Ateuchus, which is thoroughly specked with white. Moreover, the beetle shown in figure I is undoubtedly a Pimelia, although regarded. by the Egyptians themselves as a scarab. The three elytral marks are a faithful copy of a species still common in Africa. Further evidence is the pygidium shown in the drawing. This is a con- stant character in Pimelia, but never found in the coprophagous Scarabaeids. ) In the American Museum of Natural History there are several fine necklaces brought from the Congo region by the Lang and Chapin expedition, which clear up the matter. They are of Pimeha beetles which the natives strung after having embalmed them. The process of filling the bodies with gums and spices is remarkably like the ancient Egyptian embalming process, so much so that it is almost certain that it is a survival of the same custom and further proof of the kinship of the aboriginal Egyptians with the black races throughout the whole length of Africa. The beetle shown in figure 3 is obviously a true Scarabaeid, but figure 4, while a scarab in religious intent, reminds one strongly of a Cetonia. | When the annual subsidence of the overflow of the Nile leaves throughout the valley its fertile coating of rich mud, the scarab is the first notable creature emerging. It heralds the beginning of spring, the return of nature’s creative power. Its stay is brief. Writers of the last century B. C. assert that the odor of roses is fatal to it. In reality the scarab disappears for the season about the time the roses blossom. Promptly after emergence from the mud the scarab takes some cattle dung, shapes it into a sphere, 28 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI like the world, rolls it from east to west with its hind legs, itself looking toward the sunrise while rolling its burden along the course of the sun. The dung ball (having within it an egg laid by ‘the female) is buried in a hole dug by the fore tibie, the fore tarsi being obsolete in these beetles. It remains in the hole for twenty-eight days—the lunar month. The creature within, then animated, opens the ball and on the 29th day casts it into the water, for on this day conjunction of sun and moon takes place, of which the generation of the world was the first result. The dentation of the fore tibiz of the scarab are 30 in number,—the days of the celestial month, and those on the head resemble the Fic. 3. Fic. 4. Fic. 3 is the common type of sculpture of Ka, the Father of all the Gods, known to the Greeks as Batrachacephalus, 7. e., with the head of a frog. Note that the scarab is drawn naturally, not conventionalized. This, then, is early art. Inferentially the Father of the Gods is the one wor- shipped earliest. Fic. 4 is a much conventionalized scarab from a signet ring of some non-royal person. It is barely possible that the distortion of head is a relic of the oriental phallic worship. sun’s rays. Hence its dedication to Amen-Ra, the Egyptian God of the Sun Mystery. The oldest extant written reference to the scarab is that of Horapollo, an Egyptian, who explains that the word means only begotten. It designates also generation or a father or the world or a man. The Egyptians claimed that the beetles generated without the meeting of the sexes, which would at first seem a re- markable superstition. In fact, however, the copulatory act is performed in great secrecy and is not easily observable. April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29 If the worship of the scarab began in Egypt it was by a race long since disappeared. Isaac Myer, whose monograph* is ad- mirable, believes it antedated Menes, the first king, and was preva- lent among the aboriginal people of the land. The Hottentots of south Africa still hold the insect in religious veneration, from which fact it might be argued that a black race were the Egyptian aborigines and when driven out or made subject by later races left behind religion and language. It is true that the Hottentot language is closely related to the ancient Egyptian. It is possibly a coincidence and possibly an offshoot of the same origin that the natives of Madagascar worship a holy cricket, especially as a similar word designates both creatures. That the scarab is not found mummified is probably due to the fact that it dries without mummification, retaining its form. The Fie. 5. nine, 6, Fic. 7. Fic. 5 is from the cartouche (i. e., the signet, equivalent to our signa- ture) of Shufu I, the builder of the Great Pyramid, about 4,000 B. C. The Egyptian hieroglyphics are a series of pictures, each representing a phonetic sound, a letter, as well as a symbolic significance. The wasp signified the power of inflicting the punishment of death. Hence it is a royal token. Fic. 6 is similar and comes from the cartouche of the son or brother of Shufu, who succeeded him. Note the different shape of wings. The figure to the left is a conventionalized scorpion. Fic. 7 is from the cartouche of Psammetichus I, the scholar Pharaoh of Egypt. Note the different shape of wing, head and antenna. This is about 3,000 years later than the two preceding. This same letter occurs in the cartouches of all the members of his family. cat and the bull, both devoted to sun worship, required artificial preservation. The cat expands and contracts the pupil of its eyes according to the hour of the day—the position of the sun. Horapollo says that one kind of scarab is like a cat, and irradiated jwlie Scarab. vlisaac Myer NW, teo4 30 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI (whatever that may be), hence it is the Sun God’s own, hence the statue of the God in Heliopolis, the City of the Sun, in the shape of a cat. Horapollo says that another kind of scarab is bull- formed and two horned. The apis, or sacred bull, was greatly revered. There was only one at a time and a wonderful under- ground city at Memphis is devoted to their mummies. Both bull and bull scarab typify the two horns of the new moon. A third scarab, says Horapollo, has but one horn. It suggests the sacred long billed ibis, equally venerated and mummified after death. Manetho, an Egyptian historian and philosopher wrote much about the scarabs and their significance, but his works are lost, except the liberal extracts made by Pliny, the Roman naturalist. Representations of the scarab were made in all possible ways. It was customary to carve the back like the creature itself but to omit the legs, leaving the undersurface flat so that it might be en- graved with signature, motto or religious text. Many were drilled from end to end and strung as beads. They were set as brooches or rings. Others were mounted as signets. People of wealth had them carved from stone, and no stone was of too great value for this use. The common people used them of baked and vitri- fied clay. Much can be told of the age of a genuine scarab from its constituent material. Unfortunately few of them now sold to tourists are genuine. The natives have become adept in their manufacture and plant them in convenient places, waiting for the gullible tourist to come along and make what seems to him a precious find. And yet millions and millions of them were buried with the dead for thousands of years. They are of all sizes. One is five feet long, carved from fine stone. Most of them are rather smaller than the real insect. ‘The earliest positively known belonged to Nebka, a king of the third dynasty, somewhere be- tween 3,900 and 7,000 B. C. The worship of the scarab never got foothold in Greece. The two religions differed too widely, one being entirely personal in conception of the Deities, the other based on unequalled knowl- edge of astronomical mysteries. It is alluded to ironically by Aristophanes, the word for its description being always Helio- cantharis—the sun beetle. It was never connected with karabos the Greek word for the horned beetles. The root of this word is April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 931 old. Its Sanscrit form is carabha, and was applied to a locust, also to the spiny lobster. The Greek karabos is also supplied to the spiny lobster. It is curious that the Latin word locusta means not only grasshopper or locust but means spiny lobster, as well. The word Carabus, as we use it, was taken directly from the Greek. One well-known Greek manuscript spells the word skarabos, but this is probably the error of a copyist. The word scarabeus is Latin, taken direct from Egypt as closely as the sound could be imitated. One might suppose that the scarab worship would be carried to Rome during the period of widest religious latitude following MENTE BAI be Fic. 8. Fic. 0. EWG, 10, Fic. 8 is drawn from the cartouche of Rameses III. It is the same as that of Rameses II, always remembered as the oppressor of the Israelites. Note the different shape of wing and the general aspect, hardly at all like a wasp. Yet the symbol is undoubtedly the same. Rameses II was a great king and great general. Other history does not give him the bad character which Exodus does. Fic. 9 is from a rock carving of Menephtah. It is in even relief, hence the outlines. Note the squared front to the abdomen. Fic. 10 is probably the earliest picture in the world of a butterfly. It is part of an elaborate carving on a rock tomb near Thebes. For whole picture compare the text. the reign of the Emperor Heliogabalus, himself an Asiatic priest of the Sun God, but there is no evidence to support this view. The world-wide distribution of the scarab was carried on by the Pheenicians, that astute people who migrated overland from the Red Sea coast to the coast of Palestine and founded the rich cities of Tyre and Sidon long before the Trojan war, before 1,100 B. C. This people monopolized the world’s commerce as traders and slave dealers. Egypt was both largest customer and source of supplies. The Phoenicians learned to manufacture scarab signets in wholesale fashion and market them all over the world. 32 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI Only the scarabs now dug up tell the world of Phcenicia, of whose cities, like Carthage, its colony, not one reminiscent stone remains on another. Possibly the Phcenicians reached the Hottentots. They certainly introduced the scarab to the Etruscans, who were the most powerful people of Italy before the rise of the Romans. Scarab effigies are still numerous in Etruria. They ceased to be made when Etruscan industry was carried to Rome. They came afresh from Egypt three centuries after the Christian Era and became adopted as a Christian symbol. St. Ambrose, the famous Archbishop of Milan, the converter of St. Augustine, wrote of “Jesus, the good Scarabeeus, who rolled up before him the hitherto unshapen mud of our bodies.” The symbol survives. The scarab is carved now on many an Italian tomb. From the rock tombs come the best pictures of all Egypt. Only one other beetle is drawn, a cetonian eating a leaf. There are Fic. 11. Fic. 11 shows two of the three butterflies from a wonderful drawing on a rock tomb at Benihassan. The whole picture is of a papyrus thicket. In the water is a sturgeon-like fish and a sea cow. In the grass are five bird’s nests, with eggs and young. An ichneumon is shown hunting for eggs. Above are seven species of birds, alight, on the nest or in flight. While the butterflies are of the same species, they differ in body marking and shape of wing. Note especially that the artist was not an entomolo- gist. His butterflies have caudal appendages. a number of the honey bee, which was plentifully kept in the Nile valley. There is one graphic picture of a Sphex preying on a spider. Wasps of the Vespa group, as well as Sphex, are very common, but they are conventionalized. Four of them are shown here, explained in the footnotes. In the paper, “The Earliest Insects in the World,” there is an explanation of the origin of the wasps, and their power of inflicting death. There is a close re- lationship between Persia and Egypt, dating prior to 6,000 B. C.. April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 38 From the tombs of Egypt the housefly is pictured, not un- plentifully. A gadfly is drawn chasing a cow. Grasshoppers are often drawn, but in no instance as well as some from Chaldza. Of the butterflies, the two best are given in our cuts. The ear- liest in the world is shown in Fig. 10. It dates from about 1,700 B. C. . The whole picture is on a tomb near Thebes. It is a fine relief carving. A nobleman is seated in a wicker chair, fishing in the Nile. Above his head is flying a butterfly. The artist was not familiar with the four-wingedness of his model. From the unwrapping of human mummies many insects have come to light, some probably accidental introductions, a few separately and carefully wrapped. Necrobia rufipes might have been an accident. So probably was a specimen of Lucilia cesar, a cosmopolitan flesh fly. A Buprestid and a Cantharid beetle were clearly intentionally preserved. The mosquito is neither pictured nor alluded to. It was left to Herodotus to mention that creature in his Egyptian narrative, although it is not differentiated from pestiferous biting insects generally. He relates that they were so numerous near the mouth of the Nile that the fisherman used nets to fish by day and escape the mosquitos by night. NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NOTOXUS. By Ey @ hann Pasadena. Call A recent survey of the material in my cabinet in this genus re- vealed the presence of a number of new species, which are here- with described. It is a notable fact that in two of the new forms and also in montanus Csy—which was described from a unique female—the anterior tibiz are found to be toothed in the male, a character hitherto known only in calcaratus. Notoxus Geoff. Notoxus nuperoides n. sp. Form and size of nuperus, with which also it agrees precisely in elytral markings. Head and thorax rufotestaceous, the latter broadly suffused with blackish on the disk, except for a narrow median line; elytra rufotestaceous, with the sides, apex and a post-median 34 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI fascia which extends forward along the suture becoming broader at base, black; or the elytra may be defined as black, each with a somewhat oblique gradually widening stripe extending from the humerus to the middle, and a subapical lunate spot, rufotestaceous. Recumbent pubescence rather dense, and bristling throughout—more especially on the elytra—with numerous long semi-erect hairs; punctuation fine, somewhat closer and more distinct on the elytra than elsewhere. Head and antenne nearly as in muperus, the tempora, however, a little less strongly oblique than in the latter. Pronotal horn two fifths as wide as the prothorax, distinctly margined, the margin dentellate at sides posteriorly; crest with feebly reflexed non-dentellate margin. Sutural angles of the elytra (d¢) sepa- rately rounded and just perceptibly produced, with a feeble external sinua- tion. Body beneath darker rufous, the abdomen piceous, the last segment somewhat paler. Length 4 mm.; width 1.2 mm. The unique type is a male, having the last ventral segment squarely truncate at apex and broadly transversely impressed throughout its width; it was taken at Silver City, New Mexico, by Mr. J. B. Wallis, from whom I received it. As already observed, this species is nearly identical with nuperus in elytral markings and by Casey’s table would be asso- ciated with it. The latter species however entirely lacks the erect hairs of the upper surface, and the form of the elytral apices, and the impression of the last ventral in the male are different. Notoxus brevicornis n. sp. Rufous, head, prothorax above (except the horn) and abdomen more or less suffused with piceous; elytra black with two paler fasciz, one before the middle, narrowest at suture, gradually widened, and produced anteriorly at sides so as to include the humeri; the other behind the middle, narrower, biarcuate. Pubescence moderately dense, intermixed on the elytra with short semi-erect hairs which are not very conspicuous except in profile; punctuation moderate, integuments somewhat shining. Antenne about as long as the head and prothorax, very feebly incrassate apically, the tenth joint scarcely longer than wide. . Eyes rather small but evidently longer than the tempora. Prothorax about as long as wide; horn rather stout, not constricted at base, fully one half longer than wide, more than one third the width of the prothorax, margin not dentellate, crest well developed, with nondentellate margin. Elytra four fifths longer than wide, obviously widened postmedially, apex obtusely rounded, the sutural notch very narrow, the angles only slightly rounded. Body beneath and legs as usual, the last ventral (2) with the tip rounded. Length 3 mm.; width 1 mm. Santa Rita Mts., Arizona. A single specimen submitted by the late Prof. Snow. April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 35 By Casey’s table this species would be associated with mon- tanus and balteatus. From the latter it may at once be distin- guished by the presence of the intermixed erect hairs of the elytra, and from the former by the unmodified elytral apices in the female. Notoxus breviusculus n. sp. Size small, form rather stout, especially in the female; dusky testaceous, elytra with a more or less bilunate black fascia at, or a little behind, the apical third, each with a scutellar spot and an antemedian lateral spot, both rather small, and in the darker specimens rather indistinctly outlined or even diffusely connected. Surface dis- tinctly shining; vestiture rather fine; abundantly intermixed with moder- ately long suberect hairs. Antenne scarcely longer than the head and prothorax, distinctly though not strongly incrassate apically, the tenth joint not, or but slightly, longer than wide. Head and prothorax sparsely very finely punctate; eyes rather small, subequal in length to the tempora. Horn narrow, feebly constricted basally, at its widest part scarcely one fourth the width of the prothorax, its margin moderately reflexed, even; crest well defined, nondentellate. Prothorax transversely globose. Elytra three fourths longer than wide, becoming gradually widest behind the middle, more noticeably so in the female; apices in the male separately obliquely truncate, the external angle subdentiform; in the female broadly conjointly subtruncate, the sutural angles nearly rectangular. Body be- neath varying in color from testaceous to piceous, finely punctate and pubescent as usual. Last ventral of the male narrowly truncate at tip, and with a rounded or subtransverse impression before the apex; in the female with the tip subangulate and not impressed. Length 2.3-2.8 mm.; width .85-1 mm. California, Plumas Co. and Eldorado Co. (Nunenmacher); Tallac (Fenyes). The type is a male from Plumas Co. This species may be placed near nevadensis in Casey’s table, some examples of which it closely agrees with in its elytral mark- ings. It is a smaller species than nevadensis, with relatively shorter elytra, and with much narrower non-dentellate pronotal horn. Notoxus pallidus n. sp. Elongate, testaceous, elytra each with a small suboval discal fuscous spot at about the apical two fifths. Pubescence abundantly intermixed with long erect hairs; integuments finely evenly not densely punctate, moderately shining. Antennz about half as long as the body, feebly incrassate, the tenth joint nearly one half longer than wide. Eyes rather large, distinctly longer than the tempora. Prothorax subglobular, the horn (d¢) less than one third the thoracic width, about twice as long as wide, not constricted at base, narrowed from apical third, 36 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI the apex narrowly rounded, margin with one or two denticles posteriorly; crest well developed, margin not dentellate. Elytra elongate, parallel, slightly more than twice as long as wide, apices (¢) not prolonged or truncate, sutural angles rounded. Body beneath as usual; last ventral segment (¢) broadly transversely impressed toward the apex, the margin feebly truncate. : Length 3.7-3.9 mm.; width 1.2-1.25 mm. Described from two male specimens taken at Yuma, Arizona, by Dr. Fenyes. This species by the above characters is separable easily from all previously described forms. It would by Casey’s table fall near cavicornis. Its true relationship may be more definitely de- termined when the female becomes known. Notoxus arizonensis n. sp. Form rather slender, rufotestaceous, feebly shining, elytra with rather narrow more or less bilunate subapical and median transverse blackish or dusky fascie, and with a subsutural dusky spot at base, all subject to some variation in development, the basal spot becoming subobsolete in the less distinctly marked specimens. Vestiture cinereous, short, fine, mederately close, recumbent, intermixed on the elytra with sparse short semierect hairs, which are quite inconspicuous. Antenne longer than the head and prothorax, scarcely thickened apically, the tenth joint one third longer than wide. Prothorax slightly wider than the head, finely punctate with a tendency toward strigosity at sides ante- riorly; horn well developed, one third to two fifths as wide as the protho- rax in the male, obviously wider on the female, margins moderately re- flexed, especially at apex, but not dentellate; crest feebly margined, not dentellate. Elytra about two thirds wider than the prothorax, twice as long as wide or slightly more, slightly or scarcely inflated posteriorly, ~ punctuation fine but moderately close, apices rather broadly conjointly rounded as viewed from above, with a minute sutural notch, similar in the sexes. Body beneath finely punctate and pubescent. In the male the last ventral segment is scarcely longer than the preceding, the apex distinctly truncate, the truncation just perceptibly anteriorly arcuate, with its limits broadly subangulate. In the female the last ventral is as a rule nearly twice as long as the preceding, the apex rounded. Length 3.3-4 mm.; width 1.1-1.25 mm. Southern Arizona. The type is a male from the Chiricahua Mts., taken by Mr. V. L. Clemence, July 9. Other examples are from the Huachuca Mts., July (Clemence), and from Nogales, August (Nunen- macher). The species in its elytral markings is almost an exact reproduction of delicatus Csy., in the latter however the erect. hairs of the upper surface are more marked, the thoracic horn distinctly dentellate, the crest obsolete, and the sexual characters April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 87 at the ventral apex different. Arizonensis should follow delicatus in the table given by Casey. Notoxus montanus Csy. This species, which was described from a unique female specimen from Colorado, is rather widely distributed in the southern Rocky Mountain region. Specimens are known to me from Colorado—Florissant, Aug. 6 (Rohwer); New Mexico—Santa Fé, July (Fenyes) ; Pecos—June (Cockerell) ; Arizona—Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Clemence) ; Flagstaff (Fenyes); and Williams (collected by the writer). : In the male the front tibiz are toothed internally as in calcaratus, the last ventral segment is truncate, the truncation feebly arcuate-emarginate ; sutural angles of elytra rounded in some examples, seemingly very faintly produced in others. The identity of this species has been established by Col. Casey, who has kindly compared Chiricahua examples with his type. Notoxus similis n. sp. Moderately elongate, shining, recumbent pubes- cence intermixed with numerous semierect sete of moderate length. Head and prothorax rufous to rufopiceous, the horn paler; elytra rufotestaceous, with a basal spot each side of the suture narrowly connected with a smaller lateral spot (sometimes absent), a more or less biarcuate median fascia, and the apex black; the tips becoming indefinitely paler, chiefly from transmitted light. Antenne, legs and body beneath rufotestaceous, the abdomen piceous. Antennz nearly half as long as the body, very feebly incrassate apically, the tenth joint about one half longer than wide. Head smaller than the prothorax, distinctly, not very sparsely punctate, tempora oblique, broadly arcuate, nearly as long as the eyes. Prothorax as long as wide, moderately closely punctate; horn (¢) rather stout, crest well devel- oped, reflexed margins not dentellate; in the 2 distinctly broader and a little constricted basally. Elytra varying from slightly less to slightly more than twice as long as wide, feebly inflated at middle, subbasal trans- verse impression distinct, apices slightly prominent, the sutural angles feebly sinuately produced in both sexes. Body beneath finely punctate and pubescent as usual. Last ventral of male distinctly arcuately emarginate at apex, front tibiz toothed at the middle of the inner side. Length 3.3-3.6 mm.; width 1.1-1.35 mm. The type is a male from Glenwood Springs, Colorado. Other examples are from Antonito, Colorado, and Santa Fé, New Mexico—all collected by Dr. Fenyes. This species is in all essentials very similar to montanus Csy., and females of the two cannot always be determined with cer- tainty. The dark markings are as a rule less developed at the ‘elytral base in similis, and the punctuation of the head and thorax is typically stronger and closer, but these characters are both variable. The prothoracic horn is notably stouter in the 38 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI male of similis than in the same sex of montanus, being scarcely more than one half longer than wide and more obviously wider than crest. In montanus the sexual disparity in the size of the horn is very great. The truncature of the last ventral segment (4) is distinctly more strongly emarginate in similis than in mon- tanus. Although agreeing in the dentate male front tibize with cal- caratus, both montanus and similis differ considerably from the latter in general habitus, and resemble rather bifasciatus, which of course is very distinct by its interrupted pale elytral fascte and the simple fore tibiee in the male. Notoxus intermedius n. sp. Moderately stout, testaceous; elytral mark- ings, consisting of a small basal subsutural spot on each, a median trans- verse fascia and a small subapical one, black. Both the basal and sub- apical marks are, however, either entirely wanting or but faintly indicated in more than half the specimens seen. Decumbent pubescence not dense, intermixed with semierect hairs of moderate length; integuments shining, moderately closely finely punctate. Antenne scarcely or feebly incrassate apically, the tenth joint scarcely one half longer than wide. Eyes a little longer than the tempora. Prothoracic horn (@) moderately stout, fully one half longer than wide, not constricted at base, margin not dentellate - except basally, broadly evenly rounded apically; crest well developed, mar- gin not dentellate. In the female the horn is wider and constricted basally. Elytra twice -as long as wide or very nearly so, feebly inflated post- medially, sutural angles rounded, not distinctly produced in the male, a little produced and with a slight external sinuation in the female. Be- neath finely punctate and pubescent; legs moderate, the anterior tibiz toothed at the middle of the inner margin in the male; last ventral not impressed, the apex distinctly emarginato-truncate in the male, subacute and narrowly rounded at apex in the female. Length 3.2-4 mm.; width 1.1-1.35 mm. Described from a series of thirteen specimens taken by Dr. Fenyes at Bishop and Olancha, Inyo, Co., California. The type is a male from Bishop. This species, in its fully marked form, is closely similar to cal- caratus, which differs in its much longer and more numerous elytral sete, stouter prothoracic horn with distinctly dentellate side margins, sutural angles not produced in the female, and with the last ventral in the male impressed and feebly truncate, but not emarginate at apex. The sexual characters are nearly as in montanus and similis, especially the later, but the size and gen- eral appearance are nearly as in calcaratus. April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 39 A NEW TINGID FROM NEW YORK STATE. By J. R. p—E La Torre Bueno, White Plains, N. Y. Genus Acalypta Westwood 1840. Orthosteira Fieber 1844. Orthostira Fieber 1861. 1. Pronotal keels subparallel or very slightly diverging posteriorly; costal area uniseriate in greater part; third joint of antenne long, more than HOES HIMES WE NOUMUN, sadduanocoooso bobo ods Acalypta lillianis, n. sp. 2. Pronotal keels diverging posteriorly; costal area biseriate in greater part; third joint of antenne short, not quite twice as long as the TOUGH ote co ciemeateeroeene ees SURO Rares ao eae ee ae ae A. thomsonu Stal. Acalypta lillianis n. sp. Black, posterior part of pronotum and hemely- tra dark gray; third joint of antennz of equal thickness throughout, four times as long as the fourth, longest, second joint shortest, first stoutest and shorter than fourth, which is not quite so stout as second; pronotum tricarinate, keels nearly parallel, or at most slightly diverging posteriorly, the middle keel highest; hood small, not projecting over head, slightly angulated in front, somewhat higher than the median keel; sides folia- ceous, more or less biseriately reticulate, anteriorly rounded; costal mem- brane uniseriate in greater part. Abdominal segments broadly banded with rufous. The macropterous form has the membrane complete, reticulately veined ; in the brachypterous, it is much reduced and is biseriately reticulate. The pronotum in the former is quite high, but in the latter much reduced in area and nearly flat. The hemelytra are one third longer than the body in the macropterous form, and in the brachypterous exceeds it but very little. The brachypterous form is nearly oval, while the macropterous is elongate. Macropterous, long 3 mm.; wide 1.6 mm. (type). Brachypterous, long 2.3 mm.; wide 1.2 mm. (type). Described from eight macropterous and nine brachypterous specimens. Type, macropterous, female, White Plains, N. Y., May 25, 1911. ‘Type, brachypterous, male, White Plains, May 28, 1909. Paratypes, macropterous, all females, White Plains, N. Y., May 21, 29 and 30. The Forks, Me., June 16, 1900, O. O. Stover, collector; Scarsdale, N. Y., May 25, 1909; Marquette, Mich., July 14, John D. Sherman, Jr., collector. Paratypes, brachypterous, all males, White Plains, N. Y., May 18, 21, 23 and 28. Types in my collection; paratypes in collection U. S. National Museum, H. M. Parshley and Otto Heidemann. 40 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI Of eleven other specimens from White Plains on various dates in May and one in June, all the macropterous are females and the brachypterous males. This species was taken on a damp and marshy meadow, by sweeping close to the ground, in places where the tall tree-like moss grows in clumps. The European species of Acalypta are generally found in moss. It is not very common, and is taken in twos and threes, principally in May. I have taken nearly full- grown nymphs under stones March 5 and 19, April 2, November 25 and December 5, which would indicate that the species over- winters as nymph. DISPERSAL OF SOME ORTALIDA. By FREDERICK Knap, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. — The Ortalidz have recently received comprehensive treatment by Hendel, four numbers of Wytsman’s “Genera Insectorum” dealing with as many of the seven subfamilies. From this work it is apparent that a large proportion of the genera are peculiar to one or the other hemisphere, or to still more circumscribed faunal regions; indeed, one entire subfamily, the Richardiine, is confined to the New World. Species occurring in both hemis- spheres are very few and every case of such wide distribution is undoubtedly due to dispersal through the agency of man. Three species are recorded in the Aldrich catalog as common to Europe and North America. Of these Tritoxa rufipes Meigen appears to be a doubtful case that needs further evidence. The other two are Chrysomyza demandata Fab. and Seioptera vibrans Linné. Two American ortalids, Eusxesta quadrivittata Macq. and Notogramma stigma Fab., have been reported from the Hawaiian Islands and are undoubtedly established there. I am now able to report further the establishment of one Oriental ortalid in America, and that of two American species (one of them the Notogramma stigma just mentioned) in the Philippine Islands. Omitting the doubtful Tritoxa rufipes, it is interesting to note that the species that have obtained a footing beyond their April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 41 natural habitats are all scavengers for whom the activities of man produce especially favorable conditions. It seems best to discuss the species separately. Notogramma stigma Fabr—tThis striking fly is widely distrib- uted through the warmer parts of America, it having been re- ported from the West Indies (Fabricius), South America ( Wiede- mann) and Cuba (Loew). The species occurs in the southern United States. There are specimens in the national collection from Dallas, Beeville and Brownsville, Texas. Recently the species has been reported from Hawaii by Severin and Hartung (Journ. Econ. Ent., Vol. 5, 1912, p. 448) and it appears to have been established there at least as far back as 1907; a specimen form Mr. O. H. Swezey bears the label, “Honolulu, March 2, 1907.” The species has now become established in the Philip- pines as well. Philippine specimens, presumably from the island of Luzon, have recently been received from Mr. D. B. Mackie, of the Philippine Bureau of Agriculture. But little information on the breeding habits of this fly is available. The specimen from Brownsville, Texas, according to the label, was reared by Mr. D. K. McMillan from Solanum, pre- sumably the fruit. A series of specimens from the Panama Canal Zone was reared by Mr. A. Busck from the fruits of a species of palm, Attalea. Severin and Hartung in Hawaii (1. c.) have found the larve infesting green Chinese bananas that showed decay about the flower-scar. Chrysomyza demandata Fabr—This common European species was first reported for North America by C. W. Johnson in 1900, he having found specimens in Philadelphia as early as 1897 (Ent. News, Vol. 11, p. 609). The species is now distributed over practically the whole United States. Specimens are before me from the following localities: Philadelphia, Pa. (C. W. Johnson) ; Washington, D. C. (R. C. Shannon) ; Columbia, S. C. (F. Knab) ; Tallulah, La.; Brewster County, Tex. (Mitchell and Cushman) ; Mineralwells, Tex. (C. R. Jones) ; Dallas, Tex. (F. C. Bishopp) ; Yuma, Ariz. (H. Brown) ; Lehi, Utah (W. A. Hooker) ; Lind- say and Visalia, Cal.; Cheney, Wash. (N. D. Showalter). In the Old World, according to Hendel, the species occurs 42 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI throughout Europe, in northern and east Africa, Cape Colony, Canary Islands, Seychelle Islands and in Hindostan. The species is a scavenger and apparently by preference a manure breeder. A number of European observers have re- ported the larve as occurring in large numbers in horse-manure. Rondani states that they occur gregariously in the dejecta of cattle. Specimens recently received by the writer were taken, along with the following species, under conditions which indicate manure-breeding. Josef Mik reports the occurrence of the larvee of this species in large numbers in fermenting clover, which had been subjected to a rude process of ensilage to destroy the weevils (Apion) infesting it (Wien. Ent. Zeit., Vol. 15, 1896, p. 245). C. N. Ainslie found the larvee in decaying suckers of corn (maize) on the Pima Indian reservation in Arizona. The corn suckers had been previously infested by the caterpillars of Chloridea ob- soleta and the galleries filled with excrement produced by these provided an excellent pabulum for the Chrysomyza larve (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 13, 1911, pp. 118-119). In 1913, A. Weiss reported that in North Africa the larve of this species are de- structive to the date palm, where the trees had been wounded to extract “palm wine.” “The process of collecting palm wine in North Africa is well known, but it was not known that Chrysomyza demandata lays its eggs in gashes made in this palm. The larve which hatch from these eggs hollow out the interior of the trunk, feed upon the pith and finally cause the death of the palm. We have seen a number of date palms in a dying condition from this cause.” Mr. Weiss found the larve present in the palm trunks in thou- sands, the wet condition of the pith suiting them very well (Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afrique du Nord, Vol. 4, pp. 68-69). From the various observations just cited, it is apparent that the larve can thrive in a variety of decaying and fermenting substances. Chrysomyza znea Fabr.—This species has made its appearance in the United States. It is a native of the Oriental region, where it is very widely distributed. It occurs also in eastern Africa and neighboring islands, and in Australia. Detailed records give Hindostan (Fabricius, Walker), Formosa, Java, Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Mauritius (Hendel), the Philippines (Bezzi), and April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 43 Hawaii (Grimshaw). The following Old World localities are represented by specimens in the U. S. National Museum: Hono- lulu, Hawaiian Islands, March 2, 1907 (O. H. Swezey) ; Island of Guam (D. T. Fullaway) ; Manila, Philippine Islands (Brunetti) ; Telec-Ayer, West Borneo (Brunetti) ; Lourenco Marquez, East _ Africa (C. W. Howard) ; Brisbane, Queensland (Dept. of Mines and Agriculture) ; Croydon, New South Wales. As already stated, this species has now become-established in at least one locality in the United States. Specimens were first submitted by Dr. B. H. Ransom, of the Department of Agricul- ture, on August 28, 1915, he having reared them from pupz ob- tained from manure at Tallulah, Louisiana. Since then the Bureau of Entomology has caused a series of captures of flies to be made in the vicinity of Tallulah. Most of these catches were taken from mule barns, and nearly every such lot examined con- tained specimens of this species. Therefore there can be no doubt that the species is well established in this country. Chryso- Chrysomyza a@nea Fab. Chrysomyza demandata Fab. myza demandata occurred in the same captures, but in smaller numbers. The two species evidently have very similar habits. Mr. O. H. Swezey, in Hawaii, has reared Chrysomyza enea from maggots that were very abundant in a manure pile (Proc. Haw. IDE, SOCi, Wb woul, [9s 12). While the introduction of this species into the United States evidently is very recent, it appears from other material that it has been established for some time in tropical America. The Na- tional Museum possesses a series from Ceara, Brazil, sent by F. D. da Rocha in July, 1904. The species was therefore without much doubt established on the northeast coast of Brazil at that time. It seems altogether probable that the species is widely dis- tributed in the American tropics, having, most likely, found its 44 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI way to Brazil by way of Panama and the West Indies. Occur- ring, as it does, only under special conditions, it would not be likely to fall into the hands of collectors. Chrysomyza enea much resembles in general appearance and _ coloration the more familiar demandata. It may be readily rec- ognized by the peculiar venation, the first posterior cell being closed some distance before the margin; in demandata the same cell is narrowly open in the wing-margin. (See Figs. 1 and 2.) Euxesta quadrivittata Macq. Urophora quadrivittata Macquart, 1835, Hist. Nat. Dipt., Vol. 2, p. 456. Euxesta annone Loew (not Fabricius), 1872, Monogr. No. Amer. Dipt., Wolk, By Wee iwi oy vikes) ey Euxesta annone Grimshaw (not Fabricius), 1901, Fauna Hawaiiensis, Vol. 3, D. 44. Euxesta annone Hendel (not Fabricius), 1909, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., Vole passe Euxesta annone Severin and Hartung (not Fabricius), 1912, Journ. Econ. Ent., Vol. 5, p. 448. The species reported by Grimshaw and others from the Hawaiian Islands under the specific name annone is not the species originally characterized under that name by Fabricius. This will be very obvious from a comparison of such specimens with Wiedemann’s excellent description of the Fabrician type (Aussereurop. zweifl. Ins., Vol. 2, 1830, p. 463). Apparently Loew is responsible for the transfer of the name annone to the species under present consideration, and it is only natural that subsequent workers have relied upon his comprehensive and de- tailed treatment of the genus. Hawaiian specimens before me agree excellently with American specimens from Cuba (type locality), Jamaica and Florida. The species is a scavenger, so that its wide dissemination is to be expected. Severin and Hartung have reared the flies of this species and of Notogramma stigma from larve infesting decay- ing green Chinese bananas in the Hawaiian Islands. The following species was received from the Philippine Islands, but its original habitat is undoubtedly somewhere on the west coast of tropical America. April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 45 Euxesta exilis, new species. Wings with four transverse fascie, the third and fourth connected along both costa and posterior margin. Abdomen blue-black throughout; legs dark. Female. Frons narrower than one eye, fer- ruginous red, the parafrontals dusted with white; ocellar triangle and vertical plates steel-blue; two or three pairs of cruciate bristles. Face and clypeus ferruginous and 3 oe with pale opalescent blue bloom, the orbits Euxesta exilis Knab. dusted with white. Antenne bright fer- ruginous, the third joint ovate, distally very slightly produced above but not forming a distinct angle; arista long, black. Palpi bright ferrugi- nous. Thorax light metallic greenish blue, with a distinct bloom showing yellowish reflections in some lights. Scutellum shining black, smooth, without trace of pruinosity. Abdomen shining blue-black throughout. Front cox ferruginous, the others dark. Femora black, broadly ferrugi- nous at apices; tibize dull ferruginous, tinged with black, particularly the posterior pair; tarsi dull ferruginous tinged with black, especially distally. Wings (Fig. 3) milky white, with four transverse black fasciz extending to posterior margin, the first and second separated, the third and fourth connected narrowly along both costa and posterior margin; extreme base of wing whitish tinged with ferruginous; second fascia broad and much widened posteriorly, at costa occupying subcostal cell and tip of costal, its outer margin touching anterior crossvein; third fascia broadened poste- riorly and inclosing posterior crossvein; last white interspace narrower than apical fascia; anterior crossvein about at middle of discal cell, which latter is slightly longer than last section of fourth vein; last section of the fourth vein distinctly bent upward in its outer half, the third vein in its opposite portion more gently bent downward, the submarginal cell thereby becoming broader in the margin, the first posterior much narrowed. Calypteres and halteres white. Length: Body about 4 mm., wing 4 mm. Philippine Islands, probably Manila, five specimens (Acc. no. 1779, Bu- reau of Agriculture, Philippine Islands). Type: Cat. No. 20116, U. S. Nat. Mus. The genus Euxesta has heretofore been considered peculiar to the Western Hemisphere, where it is represented by a large num- ber of species. Hendel, in his Ulidiinee (Genera Insectorum, 106 Fasc., 1910), lists no less than 54 species and many others are still undescribed. It is therefore safe to assume that the present species is of American origin. Quite likely it was introduced from Mexico in the early days when the Spaniards maintained regular communication between Acapulco and Manila. Botan- 46 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI ists have found that on the island of Luzon a large percentage of the introduced plants is from the Acapulco region; it is there- fore not surprising that insects whose larve thrive in decaying fruit and the like, such as Volucella obesa, Notogramma stigma and this Euxesta, also have been introduced. In all the specimens before me the wings show, within the transverse dark fascie, black blotches upon a pale gray ground, as shown in the figure. Finally, it may be added that in the na- tional collection there is a series of a closely related but distinct species, still undescribed, from Aguascalientes, Mexico. Seioptera vibrans Linné.—This species is generally distributed through Europe and in North America occurs over the northern part of the continent, ranging at least as far south as Washing- ton, D.C. This fly occurs abundantly in certain localities ; it has a characteristic habit of resting on the under surface of the leaves of trees and vibrating its wings. In spite of its wide dis- tribution and frequent local abundance there are few observations on the life-history. Scholtz reared the flies in large numbers from a mixture of horse-manure and earth (Zeitschr. Ent., Bres- lau, 1849 and 1855). Sintenis, nearly forty years later, reported it as occurring regularly under the windows of manure-beds or cold-frames, thus confirming the record of Scholtz (quoted by Mik, Wien. Ent. Zeit., Vol. 6, 1887, p. 216). Karsch, upon in- formation from a correspondent, reports the larve in destructive numbers burrowing in the stems of Dianthus carthusianorum (Berlin, Ent. Zeitschr., 1887, Sitzgsber., p. xxvii). No doubt this last record has its origin in a faulty observation ; most prob- ably the puparium sent to Karsch came from the manured earth and the damage to the plants was due to some other cause. NOTE ON THE HABITS OF PSITHYRUS VARIABILIS CRESS. By Tueopore H. Frison, Champaign, Ill. In the Canadian Entomologist for March, 1915, Mr. F. W. L. Sladen records finding Psithyrus insularis Sm. in the nest of Bombus flavifrons Cress. opened July 7, 1914, at Agassiz, British April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 47 Columbia. Mr. Sladen points out that this is the first reported occurrence of a Psithyrus inhabiting a nest of a Bombus in the New World. In addition it might be well to record the finding, by myself, of both sexes of the Psithyrus variabilis Cress., inhabiting the nest of Bombus pennsylvanicus De Geer at Champaign, Illinois. During September, 1910, I had occasion to open several surface nests of Bombus pennsylvanicus. Of a total of seven nests, four contained Psithyrus variabilis. Again, on September 14, 1915, one female of Psithyrus variabilis was found in a surface nest of Bombus pennsylvanicus. In one of the nests examined Septem- ber, 1910, were found thirty males and twelve females of Psith- yrus variabilis, along with fifty-one Bombus. In the other three nests the number of inquilines varied from onetofive. Inthe same nest containing the Psithyrus females, were to be found the living Bombus queens. Apparently, as in the case of the Psithyrus insularis, the female of Psithyrus variabilis does not kill the queen Bombus. Hibernating Hydrophilide.—Mr. Fred Wintersteiner, who is studying the habits of this family, reports the capture near Rich- mond, Va., during the last week of January of adults of Phil- hydrus nebulosus, P. ochraceus, Tropisternus glaber, T. lateralis, Creniphilus subcupreus, and Cymbiodyta fimbriata. WANTED.—AIll kinds of material for Life Histories. 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BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL : SOCIETY NEW SERIES a < & SU 87 2. PUBLICATION COMMITTEE | CHARLES SCHAEFFER, Chairman J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW, Advertising Manager Editor Published by the Society ‘ (Price: 25 cents . Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues) CONTENTS. NOTES AND -DESCRIPTIONS OF OSTOMID#, CLERIDA UGAN D(COSSONUS, Van Dyke Joi\ci. 02d, Oe eens ae ae : _NOTES ON STRATEGUS MORMON, Knaus he NEW PEN PATOMID: Olsen So -i) Ge) re he Bea KANSAS VARIETY OF EUPHORBIA, Knaus .........-2-.---++- TRANSLATIONS FROM THE PERSIAN, R. P. D. ..........--+ PRESENT STATUS OF CANKERWORM IN BROOKLYN, Mine Clinard byes Ae eR ail Oia) Siate ete Neciaie ooo) gts wi AAR US ne ema etre en ea NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CHLOROPIDZ, Malloch : ee ay NEW) MICOGAS TERID LY “Giranlt il. eco! ama is s/t sleiehdein se Ona PIRENE MARYLANDENSIS, N. SP., Girault ................. coon Vemaray 1. ke Ania Iie Lely pean LE ea ee ee /eensonian Inseam 4 \ /~” c . |e BULLETIN its muses’ OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vor, XT OcToBER, I916 No. 4 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN OSTOMIDA, CLERIDA, AND COSSONUS (COL.). By Epwin C. Van Dyxg, Berkeley, Cal. The following notes and descriptions are in the nature of an appendix to two previous articles, one on certain Ostomide* and the other on the genus Cossonus.f They are the result of addi- tional material and data combined with a renewed study of cer- tain of the forms. The chief source from which I received this material was the U. S. National Museum, through the kindness OMe, WAC Schwarz and) Mr bs S. Barber “Dr. Schwarz also furnished me certain notes upon some of the early descrip- tions which I was not able to see, as well as some notes based upon his own studies. Nemosoma punctatum n. sp. Form narrow, elongated, cylindrical, mod- erately shining, black with basal one third of elytra and antenne rufous, the basal spot not extending quite to elytral margins. Antenne extending backwards to thorax, first joint moderate in size, joints 2-8 small and short, gradually increasing in size outwardly and together subequal in length to club; club robust and over twice as wide as eighth joint. Head elongate, about one and a half times as long as wide, with sides posterior to eyes parallel or just perceptibly arcuate, head broadest across eyes where of about equal width to elytra; eyes moderate in size and promi- nence and placed about at middle of head; epistoma deeply triangularly *“Some New Beetles in the Families Ostomide (Trogositide) and Cleridz from California,” by Edwin C. Van Dyke, Butt. BrookLtyn ENT. Soc., Vol. X, No. 2, pp. 25-33. +“ The Species of Cossonus Clairv. (Coleoptera) of America North of Mexico,” by Edwin C. Van Dyke, Butt. BrooKtyn Ent. Soc., Vol. X, No. I, pp. I-23. 71 G2, Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI emarginate and impressed, front with a longitudinal impressed line; sur- face rather coarsely and regularly punctured, the punctures at least their own width apart. Prothorax subequal in length to head, narrower poste- riorly than elytra, gradually divergent forwards two thirds of way to head, thence parallel, at apex as broad as base of head and but slightly less than width of elytra, disc evenly convex, punctured similarly to head, side margin fine. Elytra about two and a half times as long as wide and somewhat longer than head and thorax together, punctured similarly to head and thorax, without tendency to serial arrangement, disc without trace of striz, a short rather deep linear impression without suture on apical depression. Head and prothorax beneath coarsely and sparsely punctured, gula transversely wrinkled, metasternum and abdomen sparsely and finely punctured. Length 4.5 mm., breadth I mm. Type: A female in my own collection. The description is based upon a single specimen collected at Ashland, Oregon, May 5, 1915, by Mr. G. H. Champion and kindly presented by him. One other specimen which is undoubt- edly the same species has been seen and compared. This latter was collected on cedar, Libocedrus decurrens Torr., in the bur- rows of a species of Phlwosinus, on the Klamath river near Hamburg, Siskiyou County, California, March 15, 1916, by Mr. , Ralph Hopping. It is of the same size, shape and color as the type, but differs in a few minor ways, such as having the two projecting portions of the epistoma more prolonged and slightly everted at the apex and in having the punctuation of the thorax somewhat finer and that of the elytra much finer, especially toward the apex. The epistomal character is no doubt sexual, this specimen being a male. This species in size and general shape simulates N. fissiceps Fall, but it differs from that not only in having a black prothorax but in being definitely and generally punctured. It simulates N. attenuatum Van Dyke in regard to color, but differs in being much more robust and in being decidedly punctured. It should appear in my table between fissiceps Fall and attenuatum Van Dyke. Grynocharis expansa n. sp. Form elliptical, depressed, moderately shin- ing, rufous, with sparse clothing of short, depressed, yellow hair. An- tenne reaching backwards about to middle of thorax, first joint moderate in size, bulbous, and with outer anterior part angular, second smaller and Oct.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 73 almost globular, third still smaller, but longer than broad, the fourth as broad as long, the remainder broader than long, joints three to eight grad- ually increasing in breadth, the ninth, tenth and eleventh suddenly en- larged and forming a loosely jointed club. Head broader than long, one half breadth of thorax, coarsely variolately punctured, front flattened, eyes moderate in size but distinctly smaller than in G. pilosula Cr. Thorax twice as wide as long, disc moderately convex and finely sparsely punc- tured, sides depressed, widely explanate, the expanded portions together over one third the breadth of thorax and with punctuation coarse and closer than on disc, basal margin with median half slightly lobed, the outer parts just perceptibly rounded, hind angles well rounded, side margin evenly and gradually arcuate, finely serrulate, and somewhat convergent to anterior angles which are well rounded, anterior margin deeply and semicircularly emarginate. Elytra with breadth two thirds of length, about three times as long as thorax, breadth at base the same as breadth of thorax, thence gradually increasing to posterior two thirds, disc quite flat, sides suddenly depressed below disc and explanate, the expanded margin almost as wide as in the thorax, surface moderately coarsely and sparsely punctured, each puncture with a short, yellow procumbent hair arising from it, side margins very finely serrulate, apical angles slightly and individually rounded. Beneath very finely and sparsely punctured and finely and sparsely pubescent. Length 5 mm., breadth 2.25 mm. Type: A unique in my own collection. My specimen I owe to the kindness of Mr. J. C. Bridwell, who collected it on Mt. San Jacinto in Southern California, in July, 1912. Two other specimens have been seen, a male and female, a pair in the collection of Mr. Ralph Hopping. They were collected from beneath the bark of cedar, Libocedrus decurrens Torr. at Cascada, Sierra National Forest, Fresno County, California, June 1, 1915. Both have the head and abdomen somewhat piceous, darker than in type, and the female has the punctuation of elytra somewhat coarser than in the male and than in my specimen, which is also a male, otherwise they are the same. The male is 5 mm. in length and the female 6 mm. It is inter- esting to note that this pair were taken from beneath dead bark where both G. quadrilineata Melsh, and G. oregonensis Cr. are to be found, while G. pilosula Cr., though very common, has always been taken in flowers, chiefly those of Ceanothus, the so- called wild lilac. This species in size and general appearance is like G. pilosula 74 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI Cr. and might at first be taken for a badly rubbed specimen of the same. It, however, differs markedly as regards a number of features, such as in its greater flatness, having only one half the dorso-ventral diameter of the other; its much more greatly developed thoracic and elytral margins, the elytral margin in this species being wide as in the thorax, while in the common species, it is quite narrow; in having the anterior margin of the thorax rather deeply emarginate in contrast to the straight margin of the other; in being much less densely and coarsely punctured, especially as regards the elytra, the punctuation in G. pilosula Cr. being very coarse and dense; in having a very fine, sparse, and hardly perceptible pubescence as against a rather dense and conspicuous one; and in having differences in antennal structure such as broader and shorter intermediate joints in contrast to the narrower and more elongate ones in the other species. Galeruclerus trilobatus Van Dyke. Certain intermediate phases of the above, which have recently been seen, have convinced me that this is no more than a variety of G. fasciata Lec., so it must accordingly be reduced to its proper status. The new species of Cossonus described in the following pages will make necessary certain changes in my table for the separa- tion of the species. These will be as follows: Just in front of subareatus Boh. and including it, change the table to read: Basal portion of rostrum longer than dilated portion. Neck of rostrum decidedly longer than apex, dilated portion as long AST OAM Media cia len a 0.2 /ahe, a Ryadai aalartocevadn ioxeceaaeneas aaa ieneune subareatus Boh. Neck of rostrum barely longer than apex, dilated portion transverse. pacificus n. sp. After texanus n. sp. add ; Head with prominent eyes, projecting beyond border, rostrum convex and depressed apically, a fovea on both vertex and rostrum. .schwarzi n. sp. and after concinnus Boh. add the following sentences, the first of which should be of equal standing with that following concinnus: Rostrum with apical portion just perceptibly wider than basal. Thorax narrower than elytra. Rostrum elongate, thorax and elytra very coarsely and dencelvar cri- brake, mpunnetae (Nepali. Cina eeanerine ial a lau hubbardt Schwarz. Rostrum short, thorax with deep triangular depression in median por- tion, the discal boundaries almost smooth ........... fossicollis n. sp. Oct.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 75 Cossonus pacificus n. sp. Black, shining. Head quite smooth except for a few fine and sparsely placed punctures, rostrum moderately coarsely and closely punctured at sides and rather finely and sparsely above. Eyes - moderate and but very slightly protruding beyond sides of head, diameter of head across eyes slightly greater than dilated portion of rostrum. Sides of head gradually convergent forwards, slightly constricted in front of eyes to rostrum, a small fovea at middle of vertex. Rostrum as long as one half of the thorax and but slightly arcuate, basal portion barely longer than apical, narrowest a short distance in front of eyes, then grad- ually increasing in width to apical portion which is one third broader than narrowest portion, quadrangularly dilated and slightly broader than long. Joints of funicle of antennz very slightly increasing in width outwards, the outermost joint about one half the width of the club. Prothorax slightly longer than broad, base bisinuate, sides from slightly constricted base, gradually arcuate to anterior third, then more suddenly rounded to slightly constricted apex, surface flattened, unequally punc- tured, the punctures along sides of median smooth line, coarse and sparsely placed, very fine and sparse on outer part of disc and moderately coarse and more closely placed at sides. At the base the longitudinal line be- comes somewhat cristate. Elytra distinctly wider than thorax, with disc somewhat flattened, striate, strie rather coarsely, evenly, and serrately punctured, intervals convex, particularly posteriorly, very minutely uniseriately punctured. Body beneath moderately coarsely and closely punctured anteriorly and more finely and sparsely punctured posteriorly. Length 7 mm., width 1.75 mm. Type: In my. own collection; paratypes in U. S. Nat. Mus. and Cal. Acad. of Sciences, all from Tallac, Lake Tahoe, Cal, June, 1899, and taken by myself from beneath bark of dead aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. This species is the one which I considered, in my previous paper, as the western phase of C. suwbareatus Boh. and which I now, after a more thorough and renewed examination, feel must be considered as distinct. All my previous notes referring to western localities for C. subareatus Boh. must therefore be con- sidered as applicable to this species. A giant form from Field- brook, California, collected by H. S. Barber, and now in the Nat. Mus. Coll., I must at present consider as nothing but a very large female of this species. This species differs from the true C. subareatus Boh. in being generally broader and flatter, the other being quite cylindrical; in having the elytra much more coarsely punctured and with more convex intervals; the under- 76 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI surface also more coarsely punctured; and in having the basal portion of the rostrum barely longer than the apical and less parallel and with the apical dilatation somewhat transverse, whereas the basal portion in the other is decidedly longer than the apical, almost parallel near the eyes, and the apical portion not broader than long. C. schwarzi n. sp.. Black, shining. Head finely and sparsely punctured posteriorly, rather coarsely and closely between eyes and on rostrum. Sides of head posterior to eyes slightly arcuate, eyes prominent and pro- jecting convexly well beyond sides of head, causing head to become sud- denly constricted to base of rostrum. Vertex with a moderately deep and elongate puncture, diameter of head across eyes slightly less than greatest breadth of rostrum. Rostrum about half the length of the thorax, rather suddenly depressed at apex, basal portion about equal in length to apical, about as broad as long and with straight and parallel sides, apical portion abruptly and quadrilaterally dilated, broader than long and at least one third broader than basal portion, a small elongate puncture at middle of dorsal surface and in line with the deeper one of the vertex. Joints of funicle of antennz gradually increasing in width outwards, the outermost joint about a third wider than first and one half the width of club. Prothorax slightly longer than broad, base bisinuate, sides from slightly constricted base, gradually arcuate and convergent until near apex where slightly constricted. Surface somewhat flattened above, with moderately coarse and well separated punctures, coarser and closer at sides, a median smooth line outlined by a margin of coarser punctures than usual, par- ticularly at base. Elytra distinctly wider than thorax, slightly convex but with disc slightly flattened, deeply striate, coarsely punctured, punctures somewhat deeper and coarser at base, intervals slightly convex, very minutely uniseriately punctured. Body beneath, sparsely and finely punctured in sternal area of thorax, coarsely at sides, especially of prothorax, rather moderately and more evenly punctured over abdomen. Length 5 mm., breadth 1.3 mm. Type and two paratypes in U. S. Nat. Mus., paratype in my own collec- tion, all from, Williams, Arizona, and from the Saltau collection of the U. S. Nat. Mus. This species, which I take great pleasure in naming after my good friend, Dr. E. A. Schwarz, would come in my table, closest to texanus. It differs from that chiefly in having the eyes more prominent, the rostrum convex on top and with a median punc- ture which is in line with a similar one on the vertex, and in Oct.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ae having the apical part of the rostrum more depressed. Super- ficially it suggests a small piniphilus but it lacks the cuneiform thorax and besides has a different type of head and rostrum. “The presence of fovea on both vertex and rostrum and the apically depressed rostrum should prevent this species from being confused with any other in our fauna. C. hubbardi Schwarz. Psyche, Supplement to, I, May, 1809. Black, but slightly shining. Head smooth back of eyes, coarsely punctured from hind margin of eyes forward to middle of basal portion of rostrum, thence smooth and sparsely finely punctured. Front with a deep oblong fovea extending to the anterior part of the vertex. Eyes moderate in size and barely protruding beyond the straight and oblique sides of head, diameter of head across eyes about one third greater than dilated portion of ros- trum. Rostrum slightly longer than one half of thorax, arcuate, basal portion just perceptibly shorter than apical portion, cylindrical and with sides just divergent anteriorly, apical portion feebly dilated and quadri- lateral. Antenne inserted at outer fifth of beak, scape extending slightly beyond the hind margins of the eyes, first funicular joint about twice as long as wide; second point slightly longer than wide, obconical, joints 3-7 transverse, gradually but not strongly increasing in width, club large, over twice as broad as outermost joint of funicle, oblong-oval, opaque, pubes- cent, basal portion very little smoother than the apical portion. Prothorax very little longer than broad, with sides straight and slightly diverging from base to three fourths of length, then evenly rounded to near apex where but slightly constricted, base bisinuate. Surface some- what flattened, extremely coarsely, densely cribrato-punctate, the inter- stices broader and more shining on the disc than on the sides, a distinct © depression anterior to the scutellum where a shining cribriform elevation may be seen, and on front of this a large equally shining rudiment of a smooth median line. Elytra at base considerably wider than thorax, striate, the striz ex- tremely coarsely punctate, intervals narrow, subcostiform, sutural inter- stices with row of fine punctures and depressed behind the scutellum. Body beneath very coarsely and densely punctate, the mesosternum and ~ abdomen less densely than the prosternum. Front tibia not sinuate at inner edge. Length 3.7-4.8 mm., breadth 1.5 mm. This very distinct species which is related to none of our other species, was unfortunately overlooked when I reviewed the genus. I have therefore introduced it here in order to have all of our species listed together. The description given is based upon the 78 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI original but modified to conform with my others. A specimen very kindly loaned by Dr. Schwarz has enabled me to study it in detail. As stated in the original account, this species was collected by the late H. G. Hubbard, at Tucson, Arizona, and taken from the dead tissues of a wounded giant cactus, Cereus giganteus. A specimen from Lower California, in the collection of Mire eae Fall, has been referred by him to this species. r Cossonus fossicollis n. sp. Black, shining. Head practically impunctate posteriorly, very finely and sparsely punctate on dorsal surface of rostrum, more coarsely and closely. at sides. Head, including eyes, cuneiform, and gradually convergent to rostrum, the eyes rather flat and just projecting beyond sides of head, an elliptical shaped fovea on vertex between eyes, the diameter of head across eyes a little less than one third greater than dilated portion of rostrum. Rostrum distinctly less than one half length of thorax, arcuate, basal portion about equal to apical, moderately broad and with parallel sides, apical portion just perceptibly wider than basal portion. Joints of funicle of antenne transverse and but very gradually increasing in width outwards, the outermost joint distinctly less than one half width of club. Prothorax distinctly longer than wide, base bisinuate, sides at middle two thirds almost parallel, gradually obliquely convergent posteriorly, gradually rounded anteriorly to constricted anterior portion, surface flat- tened above, with deep longitudinal triangular depression extending from its apex near the anterior margin to the base where it occupies over one third of total breadth; through the middle of this depression there runs a linear slightly elevated line that is bounded anteriorly by a single row of deep punctures and posteriorly by a confused series of similar punc- tures, the disc outside of the depression but very minutely and sparsely punctured and quite shining, the sides of thorax moderately coarsely and closely punctured. Elytra distinctly wider than thorax, slightly convex above, deeply striate, coarsely punctured but with punctures well separated even anteriorly, where they are coarser and deeper, intervals slightly convex and with punctures practically imperceptible. Body beneath coarsely and closely punctured on prothorax and sides of mesothorax and anterior segments of abdomen, and rather finely and sparsely on mesosternum and median and posterior part of abdomen. Length 3.5 mm., breadth 1 mm. Type: A unique from the Santa Rita Mountains of Arizona, collected May 2s, from the Hubbard and Schwarz collection, and now in the U. S. Nat. Mus. by whom it was submitted for study and description. Oct.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 79 This very distinct species, because of the peculiarities of its thorax, should be confused with no other species in our fauna. In my table, it should follow C. hubbardi Schwarz, the two in their turn to follow C. concinnus Boh. It is, however, not closely related to either. C. bohemanni Horn. This should be placed as a synonym of C. platalea Say. As stated by Dr. E. A. Schwarz, Bohemann used the term “pone” for “near” and not “behind” as interpreted by Dr. Horn. | C. quadricollis Van Dyke. Two specimens from the Nat. Mus., col- lected at Republic, Oregon, by Mr. A. W. Barber, have been seen. This shows the northward distribution of the species, as was to be expected. C. ellipticollis Van Dyke. Six specimens from Arizona, mostly Winslow, belonging to the Nat. Mus., have been seen. C. concinnus Boh. This should be reduced to a variety of C. impressi- frons Boh. A review of the literature has convinced me that there is no valid reason for retaining it apart. C. crenatus Horn. Specimens of this species have been taken in abund- ance in various parts of California, from the so-called digger pine, Pinus sabiniana Doug}. NOTES ON STRATEGUS MORMON. By Warren Knaus, McPherson, Kan. The writer first took this rare Scarabeid June, 1913, on ground he had collected over at least once a season for almost a quarter of acentury. The two specimens were male and female from bur- rows under horse droppings. The burrows are easily distin- guishable, being about 134 inches in diameter, larger by a fourth than the similar holes of Phaneus difformis in the same situa- tion. Usually a pile of freshly turned sand at horse droppings in- dicates a burrow, the larger Strategus mormon, the smaller the Phaneus; but occasionally there is no sand heap or covering around the larger. The hole either goes straight down or inclines not over fifteen degrees and varies from four to twelve inches in depth. My first two Strategus was taken on a perfectly bare sand dune, probably fifty yards apart. In 1915 I secured eight specimens on the dunes under horse - droppings a mile away from the locality of my first specimens. They were five males and three females, coming from late in 80 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI May to early July. At one pile of droppings the fresh sand had been thrown up and a lateral burrow extended west from the pile for about fifteen inches. By running my finger under the ridge I encountered a male, which apparently had come upward from association with the female and, reaching the horse droppings, was tunneling out. The female was in the burrow about ten inches below the surface. About ten feet away another male was taken from his burrow. Still another was found about two hundred yards away from the first, at the bottom of an eight inch hole, the entrance of which was at least six inches away from the droppings. \ June 16, 1916, a visit to the same locality (near Medora, Kan- sas) resulted in the capture of another pair on the same dune where I took my first specimens. One was located under horse droppings evidently three or four weeks old, almost covered by drifting sand. This was a male. Between four and six inches under the surface there was a mass of dung 114 to 1% inches in diameter and several inches long. In it were found seven eggs, two to three mm. in diameter, almost pearly white. Twenty feet away another pile, partly sand covered, revealed another burrow. In this at the bottom, about ten inches down, was a female. Six inches under the surface there was a similar mass of dung. It is evident that the species prefers droppings from one to three weeks old, while fresher ones are chosen by Phaneus difformis. Thus the masses for egg deposit are much drier and less compact for the former than the latter. Phaneus will also use cow droppings, under which I have never found Strategus. All the specimens I have taken were alive and perfect. By the fortunate finding of two additional specimens of Strate- gus mormon in the sand hill region near Medora, Kansas, July 2, the total catch of this insect for 1916 was increased to four speci- mens—two pairs. The first specimen was found about three miles east of the lo- cality where the other specimens of this species have been col- lected. The specimen was a female, and was found dead under cattle chips. The insect had only recently died, as it was relaxed and in good condition. Under the droppings was the mass of feeces in which the female deposits her eggs. The fragments of Oct.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 81 another Strategus was also found a half mile west. The other specimen taken was found in the locality where all the speci- mens heretofore have been taken. It was a male and was dead under a pile of horse droppings. It too had only recently died, as it was relaxed and in fine condition. The findings of these two specimens dead indicated that the season was over and this was further shown by the fact that no other specimen was found nor any of their characteristic holes in the sand observed. It is interesting to note the sequence of insect life as repre- _ sented by the Coleoptera in this sand hill region. I collected on four dates of the ordinary spring collecting season, the result showing partially as follows: May 7, 19 Cicindela scutellaris, 15 C. formosa, 9 C. tranquebarica, 12 C. repanda, 1 C. hirticollis, 1 Geopinus fluvialis, Casey, 1 Chlaenius pennsylvanicus, 1 Seleno- phorus sp., 5 Sphaeridium scarabeoides, 1 Saprinus sp., 1 Canthon praticola, 1 Phaneus difformis, 3 Onthophagus guatemaliensis, 3 Geotrupes opacus, 8 Ligyrus relictus, 1 Cremastochilus mtens. On June 16 these were taken: 25 C. formosa, 6 C. scutellaris, 1 C. lengit, 3 C. repanda, 11 Phaeneus difformis, 3 Tetraopes canescens, 1 Sphenophorus destructor. On June 25 these Cicindelide were taken: 6 C. formosa, 1 C. tranquebarica, 6 C. cuprascens, 4 macra, 31 C. hirticollis, includ- ‘ing sevetal of the variety ponderosa, and 73 C. lepida. Of the 73 CG lcpida, 2 had) sreen thorax and) head: All) the jrest were bronzed. On July 2 the following were taken: 28 Cicindela lepida, in- cluding one with a green head and thorax; 11 Phaneus difformis of which most of the males had fully developed horns. This was also characteristic of the males of this species taken June 16. Cicindela lepida occurred on perfectly bare white sand, back a considerable distance from the pools of water. Cicindela hirti- collis, cuprascens and macra occurred along the water’s edge and back fifteen or twenty feet. The Jepida were good runners, but were not strong fliers and a collector could stand at one place and take a half dozen or more by successive sweeps of the net. They preferred the sheltered sides of sand dunes and appeared usually about nine o’clock in the morning, becoming more active as the sand became heated. ; 82 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI A NEW PENTATOMID. By Curis. E. Orsen, Maspeth, L. I., N. Y. Podisus fretus n. sp. Large and broad, ranging from 12.5 mm. to 14.1 mm. in length, 6.75 mm. to 7 mm. in width (across humeri) ; profusely marked with red and reddish-brown spots and blotches (with a variable amount of purplish tinge in them), especially on venter and hemelytra; humerus rounded and without spine; median ventral spine long. Head: lateral margins of cheeks nearly parallel, slightly widening before the eyes and rounding apically; apical margin rarely convex; cheeks as long as tylus, sometimes a trifle longer; widest part of head (not including eyes) 1.65 mm.; width across the eyes 2.8 mm.; lateral anterior margins dark, at times becoming quite black. Antenne—color general dark red- dish-brown throughout, covered with pale hairs, on first joint hairs are shorter and more scattered than on the following joints. Rostrum fer- ruginous except apical joint, which is very dark red-brown. Pronotum, anterior-lateral margin forming a straight line from behind the eyes to the humeral angles, but for a slight bend two fifths of the way from the humerals; a slight indication of a pale anterior-lateral margin, but here and there the dark color will touch the edge; dentations large, coarse and irregular; humeral angles obtusely rounded and without spine. Scutellum brown, punctures dark brown, mingled with dark red, diminishing in size towards apex; in some specimens the punctures are very sparse apically, giving the appearance of a pale apex, in other specimens the apex is well covered with punctures; hemelytra red-brown, punctures dark brown, the embolium and posterior section of corium well marked with red blotches in most of the specimens. Membrane yellowish brown, trans- lucent, with a smoky elongate spot in the apical angle. Venter yellowish brown, with numerous dark brown and dark red irregular spots and blotches; on the sternum there is a tendency to form some sharp lines along the larger blotches, especially along the anterior-lateral edge; here this edge is pale almost to the humeral angles; ventral row of median spots are large, dull and dark red-brown, the edge of which is not sharply defined, but rather fading out; two similar rows of spots occur on the venter, one on either side about midway between median one and con- nexivum at upper abdominal segments and gradually diminishing and drawing closer to the median row; the spot in the median row on segment just before genitalia is obviously larger than preceding spots; there is still another row of dark brown blotches along the spiracular line; these are quite different from the former rows and consist for the most part in dark-colored punctures grouped in irregular blotches; venter well marked with dark brown dots; in some specimens they are quite red; ? Oct.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 83 median ventral spine long and pale; connexivum with large black macula- tions at joints; femora unicolorous yellow-brown to dark brown in some, with punctures red-brown to nearly black; tibize wunicolorous, reddish brown; tarsi reddish, mostly lighter than tibiae and more reddish, but in some cases darker. Described from ten specimens collected as follows: Type (male), Rock- away Beach, IV 17, 1912, by Alan S. Nicolay (Olsen Coll.) ; allotype (fe- male), Rockaway Beach, V 17, 1910, by C. E. Olsen (Olsen Coll).; para- types (males), Amherst, Mass., V 16, 1910, and Amagansett, L. I., by G. P. Engelhardt (Bueno Coll.) ; Wyandanch, L. I., VIII 30, 1914, by F. M. Schott (Olsen Coll.) ; paratypes (females), Promised Land, L. I., 1X 24, 1910, and Wilmington, N. C., IV 16, 1916, by W. T. Davis (Barber, Coll.) ; Yaphank, L. I., IX 25, 1911, by J. R. de la Torre-Bueno (Bueno Coll.) ; Wyandanch, L. I., VIII 30, 1914,-by F. M. Schott (Schott Coll.) ; New Brunswick, N. J., V 18 (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll.). Mr. Bueno’s speci- mens from Amherst, Mass., and Yaphank, L. I., were both beaten from pine, whereas Mr. Schott’s specimens were taken beating oak; the writer has taken two specimens in washup on Rockaway Beach, one of which is in Mr. H. G. Barber’s collection (not mentioned as type). This species is readily distinguished from P. maculiventris by the broader and proportionally shorter anterior part of head ‘(from in front of eyes) ; by its straighter anterior-lateral margins of pronotum on which the pale band along edge is not so decided, in some specimens almost obsolete; by the rounded humeri and lack of humeral spine; by median ventral spots being large, dull red-brown and not sharply defined when present, but never shin- ing black ; by the venter being profusely marked with red and red- brown spots and blotches; by the larger size, more robust appear- ance and general color being darker and more reddish dorsally and much darker and redder ventrally. From P. serieventris it is distinguished by its much larger size, long median ventral spine, absence of darker subapical annulus on the femora, more reddish color especially ventrally, by the median row of ventral spots be-~ ing large dull red-brown and not sharply defined. The author wishes to acknowledge with thanks the valuable as- sistance rendered by Messrs. H. G. Barber, J. R. de la Torre Bueno and other collectors in turning over their material for study. 84 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI A KANSAS VARIETY OF EUPHORIA HERBACEA. By Warren Knaus, McPherson, Kan. Through the courtesy of Prof. S. J. Hunter, entomologist of the State University, Lawrence, Kan., I have examined a male and female Euphoria (Erirhipis) taken for the first time in this State. The female is labeled “ Crawford Co.” and the male “Cherokee Co.” Both were taken by the summer collecting party sent out by the University July and August, 1915. : A comparison of the pair with eastern specimens of E. her- bacea Oliv. from Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Staten Island, N. Y., shows the Kansas specimens much larger, more robust, less marked on elytra with tomentose spots, and elytral coste much less prominent. The Crawford Co. female meas- ures: long. 16 mm., lat. 10; the male 15 by 9. The color of each is dark olive, with a reddish cast on elytra. If these specimens are worthy of a varietal name, I suggest Erirhipis (Euphoria) herbacea var. occidentalis var. nov. The pair are in the State University collection at Lawrence, Kan. THE MOTH AND THE FLAME. From the Persian of Azz’ Eddin Emocalessi, about 1100 A.D. Each tortured moth that flutters ’round the candle flame Is constant, tho’ with singed wings and bitter pain. “Love cannot die,” it whispers, “can I love thee less, Tho’ loving thee brings naught to me than certain death?” R. PDs PEE BER AND THE BLOSSOM From the Persian of Azz’ Eddin Emocalessi, about 1100 A.D. The honey dew from every flower To Mistress Bee is marriage dower ; But, unlike woman, her sweet kiss Ne’er injures him who gives her bliss. RK. Pave Oct.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 85 _THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE CANKER WORMS ALSOPHILA POMETARIA AND PALEACRITA VERNATA IN BROOKLYN. By Gro. P. Encetuarpt, Brooklyn, N. Y. Brooklynites with recollection reaching back to the sixties may _ recall the annual defoliation of their shade trees together with the annoyance to pedestrians in brushing against innumerable small “worms” suspended by delicate silken threads from branches and twigs. This injury and annoyance were caused by the so-called “canker worms.” Readers of the BuLietin, Vol. IX, No. 3, June, 1914, on the “Early History of Brooklyn Entomology,” by E. L. Graef, will recall especially the meas- ures taken against these pests, including the introduction into this country of the English sparrow. Since then so much has been charged against this hyphenated alien that to his credit it should be said that, in the performance of his allotted task at least, he has done nobly. In Brooklyn today it is not a problem how to combat the canker worm, but rather how shall the collector find specimens sufficient for his cabinet. This at least has been my own experience for ten years or more. I have yet to see a really good series of these moths in any of the local collections. The males of Alsophila pometaria the so-called “ Fall Canker- Worm” can usually be readily distinguished by wing maculation ~ alone, but a better character (especially for the apterous females) is the rows of strong spines on the abdominal segments of P. vernata, while the body of A. pometaria is densely covered with shingle like scales. A. pometaria, known as the fall canker worm, as implied, should occur in the fall; yet in my own collection 2 males and 10 females all represent spring captures (with few exceptions from Prospect Park). My representation of the Spring canker worm, P. vernata, on the other hand, shows a preponderance of males, about 20 against 3 females, all from Prospect Park. The males of this species are by far the commonest of the early spring moths of the region, but until this year I failed to secure any females. A 86 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI The finding in the spring of 1915 of a male P. vernata im cop. with a female A. pometaria proved puzzling at the time, sug- gesting the possibility of a third species. Eggs deposited about a week later were of the flower-pot shape typical of A. pometaria and experiments were not carried further. While the paucity of the males of A. pometaria remains to be accounted for, the apparent scarcity of females of P. vernata can be explained by their habit of remaining at the base of trees, © concealed by grass or fallen leaves until heavy rains or (as happened April 9, 1916) a heavy snowfall forces them to climb to greater heights. On that day 2 female vernata and 3 pometaria were collected in a short time. That the Fall canker worm still appears in destructive numbers on Long Island, though at a considerable distance from the city, has been reported, especially as defoliating deciduous trees at Wading River. (Cf. BuLLETIN papers by W. T. Davis, Vol. IX, p. 23, and Vol. X, p. 82.) Evidently our native insectivorous birds cannot be relied upon to check the insect pest. Therefore, let us give the devil (English sparrow) his due. A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN CHLOROPIDA (DIPTERA). By J. R. Mattocu, Urbana, Ill. I obtained the species described herewith while collecting ma- terial for a paper on the immature stages of Diptera, now nearly ready for the press, and because it has no direct bearing upon that study, and in order to keep my other paper within reasonable compass, I have decided to publish the present description. While the manuscript containing this description was still awaiting dis- posal, Professor J. M. Aldrich brought to me for examination an example of the species, which has been recorded by me as a para- type in this paper. The type specimen is in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Oscinoides gen. nov. Generic Characters—Wings elongate, costa to apex of fourth vein; Oct.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 87 third and fourth veins ending at equal distances before and behind apex respectively ; arista with short dense hairs; proboscis fleshy; scutellum not longer than its basal breadth, not flattened. Type of genus, Oscinoides arpidia n. sp. Oscinoides arpidia n. sp. Female—Black and yellow, distinctly shining. Head yellow, blackened on upper portion of frons and almost the entire occiput; antenne yellow, third joint slightly brownish; arista brown; pro- boscis and palpi yellow. Mesonotum yellow, with three black stripes which are fused anteriorly and cover the entire disc except on the margins and a central portion posteriorly, the latter having the appearance of an ante- riorly bidentate spot; a black spot above wing-base; humeri and anterior portion of pleure yellow; scutellum yellow; postnotum black. Base and venter of abdomen yellow, the remainder black. Legs yellow; apical joint of midtarsi, entire hind tibiz, and apical three joints of hind tarsi except base of third black. Halteres yellow, knobs white. Wings hyaline, veins brown. Frons broad, flat, triangle occupying nearly its whole area, the surface with short hairs; vertex with the bristles strong; orbital hairs weak; an- tenne rather large, third joint rounded apically; arista about as long as anterior width of frons, distinctly hairy; height of cheeks less than width of frons, distinctly hairy; height of cheeks less than width of third an- tennal joint. Thorax with moderately dense short hairs, one pair of pre- scutellar bristles on disc, and the same laterals as in Gaurax. Abdomen tapering at apex. Legs stout, the hind tibie more so than in species of Gaurax, the sensory area distinct. Wings long and narrow; second costal division (from end of first vein to end of second) nearly three times as long as third; last section of fifth vein slightly longer than penultimate section of fourth. Length, 3 mm. Type locality. Urbana, Ill, June 1, 1916. One specimen taken by the writer among low vegetation in the Forestry of the University of Illinois. Paratype, Aberdeen, S. Dak., July 12 (coll. J. M. Aldrich). The species is dedicated to Mr. R. P. Dow in recognition of his services to entomology in connection with the BULLETIN of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. A NEW MISCOGASTERID CHALCID FLY FROM MARYLAND. By A. A. Grrautt, Glenndale, Md. From the woods, June 4, 1916. Miscogaster marilandica n. sp. Female—Length 1.50 mm. Eneous black, the wings hyaline, the legs and antennz white, also the 88 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI venation. Head and thorax finely, densely punctate, the thorax with sparse, small setigerous punctures; cross-suture of scutellum convexed a little at meson, the convexity distad. Propodeum with the spiracle small, round, central, the median carina paired, delicate; short strie from the cephalic margin of the propodeum, the latter scaly, plane otherwise. Abdomen from above globular, depressed, much keeled beneath, its second segment occupying over a third of the surface, slightly incised at meson of caudal margin, the petiole distinct, wider than long. Postmarginal vein much longer than the stigmal, the knob of the latter moderate in size. Clypeus concave, its lateral end notched. Cheeks very short, not half the length of the eyes by far, the 13-jointed antenne inserted distinctly below the middle of the face but above the ventral ends of the eyes; funicle 1 shorter than the pedicel, a little longer than wide, 6 wider than long; two ring-joints. Mandibles 4-dentate. Club. without a terminal nipple. Resembles Trydymus aureipes but is much less brassy, has a short petiole, the propodeum is plane, its spiracle round and central and the abdomen is shorter, not wholly depressed and so on. From one female, Glenndale, Prince George Co., Md. Type: Catalogue No. 20,312, U. S. N. M., the female on a tag, the head and caudal legs on a slide. There are five females in the U. S. National. Museum from Jacksonville, Fla. PIRENE MARYLANDENSIS N. SP. (Chalcidoid Hymenoptera). By A. A. Grrautt, Glenndale, Md. From the woods, June 12, 1916. Female—The same as marylandicus Girault but the extruded part of the ovipositor is somewhat shorter and the antenne, are entirely different both in color and shape, besides bearing two very short, thin ring-joints: The scape is all black; funicles 1-2 are suffused with yellowish; the funicle joints are all subquadrate, 5 largest, twice the size of 1; the club lacks the small terminal nipple; and the tips of the tibize are but obscurely pale. Otherwise the same. Types compared. Clypeus as in Trydymus. From one female, Glenndale, Prince George Co., Md. Type: Catalogue No. 20,316, U. S. N. M., the female on a tag, the head on a slide. : The species marylandicus bears one very thin ring-joint. The scutellum in both bears a pitted but delicate cross-suture near apex. Oct.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 89 A CHECKLIST OF THE HEMIPTERA. The long expected Check-list of the Hemiptera, upon which E. P. Van Duzee has been working for many years, was published during the past summer by the New York Entomological Society. It covers 2,971 re- corded species, but omits the Aphide, Aleurodide, and Coccide, and it replaces two existing checklists. While pretending only to be a checklist, it gives a fairly complete synonymy, full localities of species, and is ar- ranged in proper order of species as they should be placed. It is not the province of this BULLETIN to print an extended review of this work (such has appeared already in many entomological periodicals). It is a necessity to all those interested in the Hemiptera, and in the in- terest of advancement of science the editor of the Buttetin will forward it to all wishing it, at the published price, $1.50, postpaid. THE RHYNCHOPHORA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. It is remarkable that, considering the great output of books on Ento- mology during the last forty years and that a plurality of our Entomolo- gists favor the beetles as objects of study, no good: general or at all comprehensive work on the subject has ever been issued in this country. Even a check-list has been out of print for years. The best is the Beetles of Indiana by W. S. Blatchley, formerly Indiana State Entomologist, an excellent work which covers the state well and is fairly workable for the country north of Florida and east of the Rockies. This book is still in print, costing $6 plus postage. It omits the weevils. In to10 Mr. Blatchley began work on a new volume to-cover Rhyn- cophora. A little later Mr. Chas. W. Leng, then President of the New York Entomological Society, began work on the American Museum col- lection, with a bi-weekly class of enthusiasts, with the idea of an eventual Monograph on the local Rhyncophora. The two authors combined their efforts, the result being the Rhyncophora of North Eastern America, pp. 682, published last month by the Nature Publishing Co., 1558 Park Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. It includes 1,084 species, of which 83 are new. The illustrations are 155, which is many more than have been previously gathered together. There is a key to every genus for identification of the species. Price $4 plus postage. There is little doubt that the book will remain the authority on the subject for many years. It is a necessity to the Entomologist. Ed. 90 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting of February 11, 1916—Fifteen members and three visitors present. The resignation of Mr. G. Beyer was accepted with the sincere regrets of the Society; Mr. Frank E. Watson also resigned. Long Island records: Bellura gortynides, three specimens from Long Island, ex Joutel collection, were shown by Mr. G. P. Engelhardt. This species is said to breed in cat tails; he had not ‘been able to find it there, but he did find Sphida obliqua, which breed in pond-lily root-stocks, the former breeding in pickerel weed. It had not been found in Long Island because not sought for in the proper places. In the Middle States and Ohio the larvae are reported to be used for fish bait. The presence of the insect in the root-stocks can be detected by the oozy matter from the burrows. It is rare around New York. Mr. Funaro reported Trechus borealis from North Beach. Scientific Programme: Mr. Davis showed specimens of Long Island In- sects from his last summer’s captures, his remarks being reported else- where in the Buttetin. Mr. R. P. Dow, for Mr. Alonzo Davis, of Pasa- dena, California, read a paper on the Genus Pleocoma, which was pub- lished in the BuLttetin. Mr. Olsen showed a collection of Miridae and made remarks on occurrence, to be published later. Meeting of March 16: Present thirteen members and four visitors. Mr. B. Preston Clark was elected to membership. Scientific Programme: Mr. Ernest Shoemaker, under the head of Insects Collected Last Summer, showed the more interesting of his captures in Washington, D. C., and in the Catskill Mountains, N. Y. The Coleoptera included such interesting species as Scaphinotus shoemakeri, Cychrus stenostomus, Pasimachus depressus, Myas coracinus, Helluomorpha nigri- penns, Pterostichus purpuratus, Coptodera aerata, Chalcolepidius viridi- pennis, Clerus tchneumoneus, Leptura americana, probably the first taken in Washington; Odontota hornii, Odontony- trivittis, Piezocorynus dispar, Merinus laevis, Strongylium terminatum, Cychrus pyrsolepis, a very rare form, determined by Mr. C. Schaeffer; and Athous scapularis; in Lepi- doptera Catocala carissima was taken September 24, and Arctia virgo and Cerura multiscripta. These were all taken in Washington. The principal Catskill species were Smerinthus astarte, Ceratomia undulosa, Marumba modesta and Limenitis arthemis. Mr. Bueno, speaking on The Flat Bugs (Aradidae) of Long Island, showed 24 out of the 30 species that should be found, but only 5 were actual captures in the district, the rare Aradus sherman, the common and widespread pine species we call A. cinnamomeus of Panzer, the uncommon A. uniformis, picked up on the tide line in the wash-up on Fire Island Beach; A. falleni and Neuroctenus simplex, very common under the bark of dead oak saplings. Oct.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 91 Mr. A. C. Weeks spoke on “ Limitations of Mosquito and Fly Examina- tion,” and reviewed the work since its inception and the publication of the Lamborn Essays with copious citations from current accounts. Meeting of April 13: Present thirteen members and two visitors. Scientific Programme: Mr. Engelhardt read a paper on The Spring and Fall Canker Worms, published in this volume of the Butitettn. Mr. F. Conrad Pasch exhibited a collection of local and Arizona beetles, among the 200 species being many by no means common forms. Mr. Dow, under the title Bits of Entomological History, spoke of the simplicity and con- venience of our scientific names, so often a stumbling block to the be- ginner. He maintained that they were more easy to understand than any English equivalent might be and cited examples to demonstrate this. Meeting of May 11: Present fourteen members. The death of Mrs. Geo. Franck was announced and on motion the Corresponding Secretary was instructed to express to our old friend Mr. Franck the sincere sympathy of the Society on the loss he had sustained and its appreciation of his many kindnesses to its members. Long Island records: Mr. Engelhardt reported the capture on April atst, of Cicindela scutellaris, modesta and rugifrons, at Cold Spring Harbor. On May 9, Menecles insertus was taken on the trunk of a maple. Mr. Olsen remarked that the previous records of this insect were from speci- mens found in the tide-line wash-up. Mr. Dow reported Euphoria areata from Lahaway, N. J., and stated that Mr. Joutel had reported it from Aqueduct, Long Island; he also found Tricrania sanguinipennis at Laha- way in company with Tettixv. Mr. Schaeffer reported a capture by Mr. F. M. Schott, of Dermestes pulcher at South Amboy, N. J. Scientific Programme: Mr. W. T. Davis and Mr. W. T. Bather spoke on Collecting in the Sunny South, where Mr. Davis found Banasa packardi on cedars. Mr. Bather related various experiences and reported Eumaeus atala abundant on Spanish bayonet. Messrs Englehardt, Schott and Davis dismiss the general subject of collecting in the South. Meeting of June 15: Present eighteen members and one visitor. Mr. Dow, reporting on a trip to Lahaway, referred to the frost belt 15 miles long and 4 miles wide, which makes the locality unique and gives it a peculiar fauna and flora. Long Island records: Mr. Wasmuth reported Sphinx chersis at East New York in August, I915, a species not previously taken on the Island. Mr. Weeks reported the capture of Pasimachus depressus a week before. Scientific Programme: Mr. C. E. Olsen, under the title Membracid Notes, showed a collection of the family and made remarks on their occurrence in New York. Micrutalis calva, an uncommon species, was among this material, from Flushing, L. I. Mr. Bueno spoke on The Non-Gerrine Water Striders of New York and showed the five species of these found about New York, which are Naeogeus burmeisteri, heretofore known as pusillus, which is a European 92 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI form not known here; a new species of the same genus from Yaphank, L. I.; Merragata hebroides; Mesovelia bisignata of Uhler, or, mulsanti, B. White is another common species, like Hydrometra martin. Macro- velia horni from California was shown, and Hydrometra australis, from Georgia. The only thing that binds this heterogenous assemblage together is the fact that they live on or near water, in damp places. Otherwise, they differ greatly in form and other characters. Mr. Franck reported Cicindela strigosa from St. Petersburg, Fla. J. R. DE LA Torre-BuENO, Recording Secretary. Mi THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185 _ Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1916 President WILLIAM T. DAVIS Vice-President W. T. BATHER Corresponding Secretary R. P. DOW Recording Secretary J. R. pe ra TORRE-BUENO Treasurer C. E. OLSEN Librarian — A. C. WEEKS Curator GEORGE FRANCK Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences CHARLES E. SLEIGHT | Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in October, December, February, April and June of each year Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.25, in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica- tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento- mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address subscriptions and all communications to _R. P. DOW, Editor, 15 Broad Street, New York City. 84-102 College Ave. Entomological supplies o every oe includin only genuine hand mde), ae Pe 4 Our re beaeeas No. 30 will be sent free on ave Entomological Specimens of all orders from every perk of the world. Type or ee ee collections of ae es ey Ano p Collections of beneficial and i eae insects ; 3 Beco of If iter ted write for the filciade Laue 116 Biological Material for Dissection, : 125 Life Histories of Economic Insects, 128 List of Living Pupae, . 129 Exotic Lepidoptera, 130 North American Lepidoptera, 131 Exotic Coleoptera, 132 North American Colawaee 143 Type Collections, also Collections i beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, N _and Protective coloration, and Ponaigeey | be sent on receipt o 25 cents. af DECEMBER, 1916 No. 5 BULLETIN BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL + , Cc | ex py i. NEW SERIES) Coe] \ 4? “> on NCE PUBLICATION COMMITTEE _. CHARLES SCHAEFFER, Chairman _J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW, Advertising Manager ya Editor Published by ‘the Society ‘Price, 25 oe : Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues) CONTENTS. PRONUNCIATION OF INSECT NAMES, Melander ............ 03 VESPA AUSTRIACA IN NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES, BCQUASEE Ce ieee uta Wine at Vie a eine aru cn a Ok Aa atin ay ae IOI TWO NEW) SPECIES OF CEBRIO” Schaeffer io.3..¢.5)) ee 107 KEY TO MALES OF HYDROTAEA, Malloch 3... 32. 0223 108 NEW SPECIES OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA, Girault .... 111 NOTICE: SARCOPHAGA “Aldriti ry. 200 0.80/20 113 LIVING PUPAL POR VSALE 2.000 co Qiaa ior a Moanin ame ha 114 BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY leon Il VoL. XI DECEMBER, I916 No. ————— THE PRONUNCIATION OF INSECT NAMES.* By A. L. MELANDER, Pullman, Washington In any assemblage of biologists one can hear a given species called by a range of names, all spelled alike, that is eclipsed only by the changes in the names themselves necessitated by adherence to the law of priority. The tiger beetle, for example, is spoken of as Cieindéla,+ Cicindéla, Cicindéla or Cicindela, according as one is trained in Germany, France, America, or is untrained. There is a right and a wrong way of doing things, as applicable to the pronunciation of scientific names as elsewhere. European trained entomologists are more consistent in their pronunciations than the average American, undoubtedly due to the greater em- phasis placed on orthography during their school career than is encountered here. However, the pronunciation of foreigners, though correct from their viewpoint, is not the standard in Amer- ica, and this article is written to call attention to some of the simpler rules governing the proper articulation of the names of insects. According to the universally accepted rules of nomenclature the names of insects are Latin in construction. Custom has decreed that generic names be formed from Greek roots changed into * Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the State College of Washington. Read at the summer session of the Entomological Society of America at Berkeley, California, August 4, 1915. {In this discussion the accented syllable is marked with a grave accent (*) for a long vowel and with an acute accent (’) for a short vowel. Unaccented short vowels are indicated by a breve (~) and unaccented long vowels by a macron (~) ; 9 indicates the sound of k and ¢ the sound of s; a as in father. 93 94 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI Latin form and used as nouns to be modified by the species names used as Latin adjectives. Not infrequently, however, species names are derived directly from the Greek, as microptera, short- winged, instead of parvipennis, erythrurus, red-tailed, in place of rufocaudatus, xanthopoda, yellow-legged, in place of flavipes, etc., and sometimes, now not considered in good form, the names of. species are merely euphonious combinations of letters. The Eng- lish entomologist, Francis Walker, was especially prone to use words of no meaning but of pleasing sound, both for his genera and species, such as Syndyas, Andéxo, Edeta, Amytis, Daria. Such species terms are generally construed as neo-Latin proper nouns in apposition with the substantive generic name, by which construction they are ascribed an adjectival function. Ordinal and family names are in form Greek plurals. Thus we mention one Orthopteron, two Orthoptera; one Muscid fly but several Muscide. However, as cited in binomial nomenclature, all insect names, irrespective of origin, are considered as Latin and are gov- erned by the rules of Latin pronunciation, which are fewer, simpler and more definite than the rules for English pronunciation. There are three methods in vogue for the pronunciation of Latin, the Roman, the English and the Continental methods. The first of these is at least an approximation to the ancient pronun- ciation of the language and although taught in many if not most of our schools is almost never used in biological pronunciation. By this method, with its broad vowels and hard consonants, we would say Cieindéla, Cieindelide, Chetopsis, Geotripes, CEcén- thus.* The Continental method retains the Roman pronunciation of the vowels and diphthongs but gives the consonants as they are used in English, thus: Cicindéla, Cicindélide, Chetopsis, Geo- trupes, Cicdnthus. This method likewise is not in vogue in this country for biological pronunciation. As scientific names in the different countries usually follow the pronounciation of the lan- guage of the region, in America the English method of speaking Latin has naturally been applied. Accordingly the genera pre- viously cited sound more familiar when called Cicindéla, Chetép- sis, Geotrupes and Gicanthus. * Pronounced as if spelled with the English letters Ké-kin-da-la, Ké-kin-da-lé-di, Ki-top-cés, Ga-0-trii-pas, Oi-cdn-thoos. i i — Dec., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 95 It is immaterial which system of pronunciation be adopted by the American entomologist and the following illustrations may be sounded to suit his pleasure. The careful student, however, will endeavor to place the accent on the proper syllable and to assign to the vowels their proper quantity. The following remarks are directed mainly toward the accentuation of generic names. Spe- cific names are mostly pure Latin and can be found in any Latin dictionary, but the names of genera, being compounded usually from-several roots, are less familiarly available. Syllabication. As many syllables are required as there are vowels and diphthongs, the consonants being distributed as far as possible so that each syllable ends in a yowel. Should this result in unpronounceable combinations or interfere with the proper sounding of the vowels the consonents may require shift- - ing. Ci-cin-dé-la, Che-t6p-sis, Ge-o-tri-pes, Po-da-brus, Sphe- roph-thdl-ma; but Ol-i-brus, not O-li-brus. The Roman and Continental methods divide compounded words into their constituent parts when the first part ends in a consonant, but this is not followed in English pronunciation. Chet-opsis, Spher-ophthalma, Pod-urus, Sphec-odes. The family termination -i-de is treated as an independent suf- fix even though such isolation sometimes modifies the sound of the preceding vowel. Psy-che, Psych-ide; Pi-é-ris, Pi-ér-ide ; Chry-so-mé-la, Chry-so-meél-ide ; A-pis, Ap-ide. However, there is abundant, though not consistent, sanction for such pronuncia- tions as Psy-chide, Pié-ride, Chrysomé-lide, A-pide. Accent. . Polysyllabic names are accented on the penult if that syllable is long in quantity, otherwise on the antepenult. Dissyl- labic names are always accented on the first syllable. Ar-gyn-nis, Ba-si-lér-chi-a, Mor-pho. Quantity. The quantity of a syllable, and of a vowel also, measures the time occupied in pronunciation. A syllable, irre- spective of its vowel, is long in quantity if its vowel is followed by two consonants, excepting a mute (b, c, d, g, k, p, q, t) plus a liquid (1, r) or by the double consonants x or z. In this case the syllable is long by position, but its vowel is properly pronounced short. Coccinélla, Cybister, Brydxis, Platypéza. A syllable is 96 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI long by nature if it contains a long vowel or a diphthong. Andtis, Formica, Hylocetus, Panagéus. A syllable is short in quantity if its vowel, not naturally long, is followed by another vowel. Alaus, Dénaus, Ldsius, Léria. A syllable is common, 7. ¢., it may be considered either long or short, if its vowel, originally short, is followed by a mute and a liquid. Such syllables by preference should be shortened, but in Latin composition especially in poetry they show a tendency toward lengthening. Though comparatively few in number, it is this class of words that gives most perplexity to the entomolo- gist, for until the original quantity of the vowel is known the pro- nunciation is doubtful. Phdlacrus, Olibrus, Cénnophron, Ré- natra, Omophron, Ephydra, Hydrémetra, Anabrus, Atropos, Héli- plus, Geometra, Nicocles, Triprocris, Cutérebra, all have a short vowel in the penult and the accent is thrown forward. Cébrio, Crabro, Epochra, Gymnétron and Tenébrio are given a long vowel before the mute and liquid, while Arthromdcra may lengthen the penult for easier pronunciation. Vowels. In most cases vowels are given their customary long or short English sounds without regard to the niceties of intona- tion required in spoken English. However certain letters and certain positions exercise a modifying effect, as for instance the influence of the letter r on the preceding vowel in Arthropeas, Elater, Platygdster, Morpho, Phora. Vowels, irrespective of the length of the syllable, usually have their long English sounds before another vowel or. diphthong. Empodsca, Edis, Epéolus, Heriades, Hepialus. When occurring in an unaccented or short syllable i and y are given the short sound even when preceding another vowel. Bibio, Bembidium, Chalia, Drastérius, Melandrya. Final a and usually unaccented a are broadened to sound like the final a in Africa. N6dmada, Aédes. Diphthongs in quantity are always long, thus when occurring in the penult carry the accent. Passalecus, Corimeléna, Zare@a. In quality, 2 and c are pronounced like e. Agéria, Zischna, (Ecanthus, CEedicnéma, Polystéchotes. / Vowels usually have their short English sounds before two con- sonants, excepting sometimes a mute and a liquid, and in ac- s Dec., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 97 cented antepenultimate syllables before one or more consonants. Geécoris, Gémphus, Macrobasis. The first factor determining the length of the vowel is its quan- tity in the original derivation. In the case of e and o of Greek roots this is readily accomplished for the long and short sounds in Greek are indicated by distinct letters, eta and epsilon, and omega and omicron. If the Greek root contains efa or omega the vowel in Latin form must be long. Thus merds with long e means the femur and méros with short e means a part. The genera derived from the former must be accented on the long penult. Calyptomérus, Diapheroméra, Cédoméra, Monodonto- merus, Rhopaloméra, Acanthoméra. The divisions of beetles, Heterémera, Pentémera, Trimera, founded on tarsal not femoral characters, and the genus Oligémerus, with few antennal joints, accent the antepenult, while Ephémera, lasting but a day, is an un- related word with short e in the penult. Soma, meaning body, has a long omega in the original ; stéma, meaning mouth, is spelled with the short omicron. Thus Brachy- soma, Calosoma, Scaphisoma, but Brachystoma, Beléstoma, Platy- stoma. The Greek word kéras, for antenna, is spelled with the short e. Thus, in Acrécera, Bedcera, Cridcerus, Heterocerus, Tetanocera, the accent is thrown to the antepenult. But the wasp Cercéris, appropriating the old Latin name of a bird, takes the accent on the long e of the penult. It is the quantity of the vowel of the penult that gives most concern because the position of the accent is determined by its length. Apantésis, Calephélis, Calopténus, Cylléne, Periplaneta, Lepto- trachélus, Euthéra, Philerémus, Phylloxéra, Odynérus, Meta- chéla, and Zeuzéra are derived from the long Greek eta in the penult, while Boréus, Cartodére and Diapéris descend from the diphthong ei. Hence all of these have similar accent. Emesa, Théreva, Ewmenes, Nemételus, Ormenis, Oxybelus, Péderus, Polymedon, Phryganea, Platydema, Hypdostena and Sépedon, to mention only a few commonly mispronounced names, have the short epsilon in this position and hence throw the accent forward to the antepenult. 98 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI Properly, words ending in -péga are pronounced with a short €, Micropéza, Platypéza, Tanypéza, Leptopéza. Since in English pronunciation z is no longer the double consonant dz, these words are commonly though improperly given as Micropéza, Platypéza, Tanypéza. Inthe same group comes Tridza, but usage has made the vowel as well as the syllable long in Chyliza, Pipiza, Myzus and its series of related -myza genera, like Agromyza, Antho- myza, Helomyza, Phytomyza, and Sciomyza. Names ending in -opus give some confusion until the deriva- tion is known. dps means face, but pous, with root pod, means foot. Cdopa Psilopa, Systropus, Calopa, Chrysopa, Desmome- topa come from the former root, while Gdopus, Psilopus, Doli- chopus, Bythéscopus, Platypus, Polycéntropus and Gyropus are names referring to leg structures. The following generic names are formed with the long Greek omega in the accented syllable. Diabrotica, Diplosis, Melanotus, Haploa, Pridnus, Sitones, Cyrtopogon. Names ending in -ddes have an accented penult. Aleyrodes, Eleddes, Oncodes, Or- neddes, Melissodes, Phengodes. The short omicron occurs in the penult of: Agrotis, Chiréno- mus, Dendréctonus, Omophron, Pericoma, Pleocoma, Pyréchroa, Stendlophus, Synchroa, Mérodon, Téxotus, Nedcota, Xyléborus, Xylécopa. Similarly coris (bug) and toma (temno, cut) throw the accent forward: Geécoris, Leptécoris, Thyredcoris; Hylo- toma, Neurotoma, Pentatoma, Tritoma. The diphthong oi is not found in classic Latin’ although it is good Greek. Hence when it is brought into Latin form in proper names derived from the Greek the o and i should be separately pronounced. Hence Culicoides, Sanninoidea, Blattoidea and Coleopteroidea are preferable to pronouncing the oi as in coin. A class of genera, the pronunciation of which is disputed, in- cludes those founded on personal proper names. Should the pronunciation of the genus name follow Latin rules, thereby often distorting the proper name so as to bear little resemblance to its original form, or should the original pronunciation, even of foreign names, be retained? In as much as such genera are founded as a mark of honor the latter course seems preferable. Some examples follow to show the difficulties experienced with Dec., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 99 these t names: Bruesia, Candezea, Dejeania, Guerinia, Latreillia, Macquartia, Meigenia, Rondania, Schineria, Schénherria, S cud- deria, Stalia. As we have seen the quantity of the radical syllables can often not be determined by rule and must be ascertained by the labori- ous process of searching Greek and Latin dictionaries. Certain terminations, however, have a common pronunciation, and when used as derivative endings, not as part of the root, give a clew as to accent. Thus the long penult occurs in: -Etes, -étus, -étis. Collétes, Corynétes, Colymbétes, Nomaretus, Trypéta, Eutréta, Synéta, Lithocollétis. (But Drdpetis.) -Ites, -Ita, -itis. ZEgialites, Myodites, Rhodites, Rhinchites, Spherites, Ne- britus, Coptodita, Galerita, Omosita, Trogosita, Doritis, Limenitis, Pyritts. -ddes, -oda. Aleyrodes, Oncodes, Orneddes, Pissides, Psychoda, Lyroda. -dtus, -dtes, -dta, -dtis. Chrysotus, Odontota, Pyrgota, Xylota, Chyphotes, Lucidota, ' Plusiotis. -anus. Lucanus, Silvanus, Tabanus. (These are of Latin origin. The Greek Stéphanus, Drépana, Idana, have a short penult. Chrysophanus has a long penult from the Greek phaino.) The short penult occurs in: -ulus, -ula. Pipinculus, Plenéculus, Forficula, Libéllula, Nitidula, Tipula. -olus, -ola. Epéolus, Mayetiola, Reduviolus, Tinéola. (Mineola is ap- parently an Indian name.) -alus, -ela. Anomala, Hérpalus, Lidncalus, Tribalus Cistela Rutela (Latin, rutilis). Hepialus isin Greek Hepiolos and belongs in the preceding section. In Pteromalus and Catocala the long a belongs to the stem. 100 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI ~ales, -alis, -eles. Anépheles, Cerépales, Corydalis, Eristalis, Eupsalis, Pyralis, Ortalis, Sialis. But -dlis used in species names accents the penult: farindlis, discalis, purpurdlis. Nécheles, Apén- teles, Lophoteles, Conédtelus have a short e of the root in the penultimate syllable. ~ides, -iades. Heriades, Dalcérides, Mystacides, Nisoniades. But Iph- clides, from the Greek Iphikleidés, according to a special rule affecting patronymics ending in -és ([phikleés). ~ion. Agrion, Apion, Chlorion, Elaphidion, Ophion, Zodion. But Diprion (prion, saw). When such words come directly into English from the Greek the penult is pronounced long, e. g. Orion. -arus, -aris. Amara, Hilara, Sciara, Chalarus, Cantharis, Hémaris. In Trichobaris the long a belongs to the stem. -eva. Théreva, Chéleva, Lésteva, Atteva. -ica, Haltica, Sérica, Podagrica, Témicus. Names ending in -inus, -ina are perplexing. Among the most familiar the following have a long penult: Balaninus, Blapstinus, Brachinus, Carposina, Clivina, Gyrinus, Hematopinus, Harrisina, Lycoperdina, Mellinus, Pelecinus, Saprinus, Staphylinus. The ~ Latin name Licinus and the Greek forms Cerdtina, Scendpinus, Thinopinus, Xanthdlinus, Tachina and Tdchinus have the penult short. Subfamily and tribal names ending in -ine, -ini, have a long penult; thus, Carabinee, Harpalini. The following list includes a miscellaneous set of names antes mispronounced: Ancylis, Anthicus, Antispila, Brachy¥stegus, Caligo, Callidryas, Calligrapha, Cerdpales, Cucujus, Chaulidgna- thus, Chelonus, Chermes, Schizoneura (Greek ch is always like k), Coecinélla, Diplas, Emesa, Endomychus, Erotylus, Exdamus, Eurema, Eurymus, Feniseca, Graptolitha, Hippodamia, Hypatus, Icérya, Lagoa, Lepiddsaphes, Lophyrus, Lyméxylon, Macrophya, Dec.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 101 Megaspilus, Megathymus, Mycetéchares, Myrmica, Nématus, Nemégnatha, Némada, Opéstega, Oxyptilus, Pachybrachys, Paleacrita, Pemphigus, Pieris, Poneéra, Sitotroga, Stenoma, Sys- tena, Tachyporus, Tétracha, Trypoxylon, Typhlocyba, Ypsélophus. The family termination -idz, meaning like, is added to the root. of the typical genus. The i is short, so the accent precedes this. suffix: Carabide, Cdrabus-like; Dytiscide, Dytiscus-like. When the root differs from the nominative the family name may become lengthened: Lepismatidz, based on the genus Lepisma; Belosto- matide, based on Beléstoma; Calamocerotide, based on Calamé- cerus. But Apiocéride, Leptocéride, Tetanocéride have had such long usage that to use Apioceratide, etc., would appear pedantic. Genera like Acridium, Anthomiyia, Cecidomyia and Stratiomyia form the family names Acridiide, Anthomyiide,. Cecidomyiide and Stratiomyiide. To unite the ii would produce a long vowel, resulting in such words as Acridide, Anthomyide,. Cecidomyidz, more awkward than the cumbersome longer form.. Finally, in determining the pronunciation, the most useful single rule, especially for those familiar with spoken Spanish, is to regard the accent as recessive, considering the penultimate vowel as short unless there is good reason for believing it long. \ ON THE OCCURRENCE OF VESPA AUSTRIACA PANZER. IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES. By J. Bequaert, American Museum of Natural History, N. Y.. There are many facts in the taxonomy and still more in the life- histories of the common American wasps (Vespa) which need a thorough revision. The following small contribution is made with the hope of interesting other entomologists in the subject. During the last summer, the writer made a point of capturing all the specimens of wasps he met with on his collecting trips, but the result as a whole was very poor, 1916 apparently not being a wasp-year. However, amongst the catch were found two females which he was unable to refer to any of the species previously 102 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI known from North America and it was found that they belonged to what is called in Europe Vespa austriaca Panzer. The following description of the species is made on these two American specimens: Vespa austriaca Panzer, Fauna Ins. German. LXIII, 1790, p. 2, Tab. Synonyms: Vespa borealis Smith, The Zoologist, I, 1843, p. 170 2 (nee Kirby, 1873; nec Lewis, 1897). Vespa arborea Smith, The Zoologist, VII, 1849, Appendix, p. LX. Pseudovespa austriaca O. Schmiedeknecht, Entom. Nachr. VII, 1881, PP. 317 and 318. °. Head slightly broader than high. Clypeus comparatively high, scarcely one third broader than high, its anterior margin much projecting. distinctly emarginate, the lateral angles of the emargination strongly pro- duced, almost dentate and slightly directed outwardly. Oculo-malar space ‘very short, the eyes practically reaching the base of the mandibles. Mandibles relatively slender, when compared with other species. Tarsi distinctly heavily built, the joint's are as broad as in other species but much shorter. Horizontal face of first abdominal tergite comparatively long and narrow, about half as long as the second tergite——Punctura- tion remote and fine on head and thorax; especially on the clypeus there is, in this respect, a marked difference between this and related species. (On the mandibles also the sculpture is very obsolete—The whole body is covered with erected black hairs, which are very noticeable on the abdo- men. Upper side of all the tibie clothed with very long erect hairs, more abundantly so on the hind legs. _ Coloration.—Black with many pale lemon-yellow markings: a broad loz- enge on the front between the antenne, the under half of the sinus of the eyes, a large spot in the upper half and a much smaller one near the under end of the temples (behind the eyes), nearly the whole of the mandibles, the clypeus except for its margins and 3 small black spots placed in a triangle on the center. In one specimen, the underside of the antennal scape bears a short and narrow yellow stripe; in the other, the scape is entirely black—On the thorax, the lateral hind-margins of the pronotum are broadly yellow, as are also two widely separated spots on the scutellum and a smaller one on the upper half of the mesopleure beneath the insertion of the wings. Tegule, yellow and brownish—On the legs, the apices of the femora, the tibie, with exception of a black stripe on the under side, and the tarsi are yellow, this color, however, turning in certain parts brownish.—First abdominal tergite with a broad apical yellow margin, in front of which are situated, on the transition between the horizontal and vertical portion, two transverse, entirely free, yellow spots. The remaining segments are, for the largest part, yellow; there is a basal black band which is angularly produced in the center, and on each side of this angle a transverse black spot; on the second tergite - Dec.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 103 the basal black band is much broader and its angular projection extends backwards as to be connected with the lateral spots. Sixth tergite yellow with a broad brown apex and a median longitudinal black band. Sternites two and three with a terminal black fascia which is much broadened on the sides and encloses there a transverse black spot; the fourth and fifth tergites show also an indication of a similar pattern. The colora- tion of the abdomen is not mixed with brownish, except on the ventral face, where there is a slight brownish tinge on the boundaries between the black and yellow markings. ' Length: total, 16 mm.; from front of head to posterior margin of second segment, 12 mm. ; 2 2 from Fort Lee, N. J., July 16, 1916—Professor J. S. Hine has shown me a third 9 specimen which was caught by him the same day on Staten Island, N. Y., on flowers of sumach (Rhus typhina L.) Except for the difference in the color of the antennal scape noted above, these three specimens agree in every respect. I was also able to compare them with a Vespa austriaca 2 from Switzer- land, for which I am indebted to the generosity of the well-known French hymenopterologist, Mr. J. de Gaulle. In sculpture, struc- ture and pubescence I can discover no difference between the European and the American specimens. The coloration also is very similar in the European 2: the black spots on the clypeus are very small, the underside of the antennal scape has a broader yellow stripe, the postscutellum bears two minute lateral yellow spots and the ventral face of the abdomen is richer yellow. How- ever, coloration is a very secondary matter in the wasps, and it is well known that English specimens of VY. austriaca are paler in color than those of Continental Europe. Vespa austriaca Panzer is not closely related to any other American species, its nearest relative being the European Vespa rufa L. Of the latter species I have never seen a North Amer- ican specimen in any of the collections I was able to look over. R. du Buysson (1905), however, describes of this species a var. intermedia from Hudson Bay, and a var. americana from Quebec. I am inclined to believe that these American specimens belong to Vespa consobrina Sauss., which, although very different in col- oration, is very probably the American race or subspecies of Vespa rufa L. V espa austriaca comes in the group of species with short oculo- 104 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. X1 malar spaces, where the eyes reach very nearly to the base of the mandibles. This group includes, in North America: V. caro- lina L., V. sulphurea L., V. vidua Sauss., V. consobrina Sauss., V. occidentalis Cress., V. pennsylvanica Sauss.* and also the common yellow-jacket, Vespa communis Sauss.t All these, however, dif- fer from V. austriaca inter alia by the absence of long hairs on the upper side of the tibie= and very often also by the shape of the clypeus, which in most of the species has broadly rounded lateral angles. V. austriaca Pz. is a very scarce wasp in Europe. It was re- corded from Switzerland, the Vosges, Southern Germany, West- ern Austria, near St. Petersburg, Southern Sweden, the Pyrenees, Upper Italy, and the British Islands, and shows a marked pref- erence for mountainous regions where it goes as high as 1,800 meters. J. Pérez records a ¢ from Shang Hai. The life-history and even the identity of this wasp was long a puzzle; early writers thought it to be only a color-variation of Vesparufa L. Giraud (1862) was the first to point out the struc- tural differences between the two forms, and since that time V. austriaca has generally been accepted as distinct. Curiously enough, R. du Buysson, in his recent Monograph of the genus Vespa (1905), returns to the older opinion and gives austriaca merely as a variety of rufa, although he indicates the character- istics of both forms. Owing to some very remarkable biolomed facts, the question of the relationship of V. austriaca to V. rufa (or to other species of wasps) goes far beyond the usual interest of discussions as to species and varieties. Though both ¢ and 9 of V. austriaca are *T came recently to the conclusion that Vespa occidentalis Cresson and V. pennsylvanica Sauss. are two very distinct species. R. du Buysson (1905) brings them together as synonyms. 7 This species is commonly identified as V. vulgaris L. or V. germanica F. in American collections. I have seen no American specimens which ~ correspond exactly to these European species. Moreover, V. communis Sauss. is apparently the American race or sub-species of V. vulgaris L. In a similar manner, V. pennsylvanica Sauss. (but not V. occidentalis Cresson) may be a subspecies of V. germanica F. £ These long hairs on the tibiz exist in all the American species with long oculo-malar spaces, such as V. maculata L., V. diabolica Sauss., etc. Dec.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 105 well known to European entomologists, workers referable to it with certainty have never been found. So the suspicion arose that this species has no workers, but breeds as an inquiline in the nest of some other species. This suggestion, first made by Mora- witz (1864), was strongly supported by Schmiedeknecht (1881) and Holmgren (1883). But it was not until 1898 that direct ob- servations, made by Robson, supported the belief of inquiline rela- tionship between ’. austriaca and V. rufa. However, by far the most important paper on the subject was published in 1903 by G. H. Carpenter and D. R. Pack-Beresford. These authors not only made a complete comparative study of the two forms, but they attempted also to become more closely acquainted with the exact nature of the relations existing between them. In résumé, three different opinions may be held as regards the relation existing between V. austriaca and V. rufa. 1. The older opinion, recently renewed by R. du Buysson, sees in V. austriaca merely a color-variation of V. rufa. The Q and & austriaca have then in the economy of the nest the same stand- ing as the ordinary rufa 2 and g. This can hardly be accepted any longer, as there are many structural characters separating both forms and, furthermore, this does not explain why no workers presenting the structural peculiarities of austriaca are found. 2. The inquiline theory as presented by Schmiedeknecht, Rob- son and J. Pérez (1910) : according to this, V. austriaca is a dis- tinct species, whose 9 and ¢ play in the V. rufa nest the same role as the Psithyrus 9 and ¢ in the Bombus nests. The 2 of austriaca invades the nest of a V. rufa, lays its eggs in the cells and the hatching larve are fed by the rufa workers. 3. The opinion of G. H. Carpenter and D. R. Pack-Beresford is in some respects intermediate between the two preceding theo- ries. They believe that V. austriaca and V. rufa must have di- verged from a common stock in comparatively recent times. They add further: “The observations that we have been able to make on the nest containing both forms strongly incline us to the view that, although their differences are apparently ‘specific,’ there is a direct genetic relationship between them and that they may be re- garded as races of one and the same species. . . . We conclude, 106 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI therefore, that the old austriaca queen was the foundress of the nest, and that both the rufa and austriaca form are her offspring. . . . As regards the precise relationship between V. austriaca and V. rufa we believe that the former represents the ancestral stock of the latter, because V. rufa shows distinctly more tendency to vary, while the rarity and discontinuous distribution of V. aus- triaca suggest that it is the older form. . . . Moreover, as all the workers of these wasps are clearly referable to V. rufa, it seems that V. austriaca points us back to a time in the history of the race before the worker had become differentiated from the queen.” The authors believe that, if their view be established, the develop- ment of rufa offspring from austriaca parents would be a very striking instance of “discontinuous variation,” as the structural differences between the two wasps are quite sufficient to warrant “ specific” distinction in the ordinary sense of the term. Unfortunately the facts on which Carpenter and Pack-Beres- ford base their theory are very feeble, and they can just as well be explained by the ordinary inquiline theory. I have given at length the opinions held by different writers, because I believe that the discovery of V. austriaca in North America may, perhaps, furnish some evidence to support one or another of the preceding theories. In fact the sudden appear- ance of this species in the New World is in itself well worthy of study. It is not likely that this wasp has been overlooked so many years in this country, for several of the larger collections which I have examined do not contain a single specimen of it. It is therefore most probably a recent immigrant from Europe. However, the capture of 3 99, in very fresh condition, in two different localities, makes it improbable that these specimens were imported as adult insects or even in the pupal stage. J am rather inclined to believe that the species is already in some way con- nected with one of the American wasps. No supposition as to the nature of these relations can be made at present. As seen above, direct observation showed in Europe that V. austriaca is associated with V. rufa, but the latter insect has never been found in the Eastern United States. Dec.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 107 BIBLIOGRAPHY. R. du Buysson. Monographie des Guépes ou Vespa. Ann. Soc. entom. France, LXXII, 1903, pp. 260-288.—Ibid., LX XIII, (1904), 10905, pp. 485-556 and 565-634. G. H. Carpenter and D. R. Pack-Beresford. The relationship of Vespa austriaca to Vespa rufa. Entom. Mo. Magaz. (2), XIV, 1903, pp. 230-242, Pl. 1V. J. Giraud. Hyménoptéres recueillis aux environs de Suse,-en Piémont, étc. Verh. k. k. gool. bot. Ges. Wien, XIII, 1863, pp. 11-46. E. Holmgren. Entomol, Tidskr. II, 1883, pp. 60 and 115. F. Morawitz. Ueber Vespa austriaca Panz. und drei neue Bienen. Bull. Soc. Impér. Nat. Moscou, XXXVII, 1864, pp. 439-449. J. Pérez. Notes sur les Vespides. Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, LXIV, - IQIO, pp. I-20. J. E. Robson. Vespa austriaca, a Cuckoo-Wasp. Science Gossip (N. S.), V, 1898, pp. 69-73. E. Saunders. On the relationship of aculeate inquilines and their hosts. Entom. Mo. Magaz. (2), XIV, 1903, pp. 272-274. O. Schmiedeknecht. Ueber einige deutsche Vespa-Arten. Entom. Nach- richt., VII, 1881, pp. 313-318. D. Sharp. Vespa rufa + austriaca. Entom. Mo. Magaz. (2), XIV, 1903, PP. 207-209. N TWO NEW SPECIES OF CEBRIO (COL.). By CuHarLes SCHAEFFER, Brooklyn, N. Y. Cebrio antennatus new species.—Castaneous, head black or piceous, an- tenne, legs and underside paler. Head moderately densely punctate; labrum emarginate; mandibles as in bicolor; last two joints of maxillary palpi nearly equal in length; antenne rather strongly serrate, reaching to about basal fourth of elytra, third joint about half as long as fourth, last joint elongate and feebly constricted. Prothorax transverse, sides almost straight, rather feebly converging towards apex, hind angles feebly divergent, surface moderately coarsely, not densely punctate. Elytral strie rather feebly impressed; intervals nearly flat and moderately densely punctate. Prosternal’ process hearly as wide between the coxe as in bicolor. Abdomen finely, not closely punctate; last ventral more densely punctate than the other segments, apex entire and broadly rounded. Length 17 mm. Arkansas (coll. Dietz). This species is closely allied to C. bicolor from which it differs in having longer antennz, entire last ventral segment, which is 108 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI feebly emarginate in bicolor, almost flat intervals and rather feebly impressed striz of elytra. Cebrio emarginatus new species.—Dark testaceous, head piceous, pro- thorax dark brown, abdomen, legs and antenne paler. Head moderately densely punctate; labrum deeply triangularly emarginate; mandibles rather short and stout; last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than the preceding; antennz feebly serrate; joints elongate, third joint about twice as long as the second and more than half as long as the fourth. Pro- thorax transverse, hind angles not divergent, sides nearly straight, .narrow- ing to apex; surface somewhat sparsely punctate, punctures moderate. Elytral strie shallow, punctures almost obliterated in about basal half, towards apex more distinct; intervals moderately convex, finely and moderately closely punctulate. Prosternal process between the coxe rela- tively broad and rather suddenly convex. Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate; fifth ventral segment rather deeply emarginate. Length 15.5 mm. New Mexico (coll. Dietz). The prosternal process in this species is rather wider than in bicolor Fab., from which it otherwise differs in having shorter mandibles and a much longer third antennal joint; from mandi- bularts, estriatus and compositus it differs in having a much wider prosternal process. A KEY TO THE MALES OF THE ANTHOMYID GENUS HYDROTZA RECORDED FROM NORTH AMERICA (DIPTERA). ° By J. R. Matiocu, Urbana, Il. There is a pronounced dearth of literature in English. upon the North American Anthomyiide, and remarkably few keys to the species of the various genera in either English or German. The key presented herewith will prove useful to students who either can not obtain access to papers dealing with the species included or may not have time to analyze descriptions in order to discover the distinguishing characters of the species. The males of this genus may be readily separated from those of other anthomyid genera by the following combination of char- acters: eyes contiguous or subcontiguous, proboscis fleshy:; palpi Dec.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 109 normal; thorax with 4 pairs of post-sutural dorso-central bristles ; squame unequal in size ; sternopleura with 2 bristles (1:1) ; sixth vein of wing incomplete ; fore femora with 1 or 2 stout forwardly directed thorns near apices on ventral surface. Key To ImaAcines, MAtes. 1. Hind femora with either a single stout downwardly directed spine or a closely approximated pair of such spines on ventral surface...... 2 Hindstemora without such spine Or spines........0/:---sc-+.-+.-&+- 6 Pein Lem Oral: Spire “MEAL DASE seats stitatasiote'a?a/alato es 'ale'slalehelel gos cichalee Ga moe 3 einrdeiemonalsspine Of spines «mear: naiddlen ns sce) s sees seco ,el= « 4 3. Hind tibia with a conspicuous tuft of long hairs about one third from apex on ventral surface..... ASG en ete ses es eh oF occulta Meigen. Hind tibia without such tuft of hairs; mid metatarsus with about 4 LoncgMairscOMeeacll, Side@outak ck nae ke sclah coe Sem oe ok acuta Stein. 4. Eyes bare; fore femora with a few long bristles on basal half, the apices of which are slightly knobbed; hind femora with 1 spine. armipes Fallen. Eyes distinctly pubescent ; fore femora with the bristles acute apically. .5 5. Mid femora with a number of long curled apical bristles; hind femora WALI VENUnALSpiMe ss locsc naa cleat emcee nae ns ciliata Fabricius. Mid femora without long curled apical bristles; hind femora with a closely approximated pair of ventral spines........ cressont Malloch. 6. Wing with a conspicuous patch of upright microscopic hairs at apex Oli GHIGROAY ECE cs iis ee I eR Rr iain SA i AR eae oi militaris Meigen. NV emwithoutusuch patchy ot Mainsernyeae io ms, tele ssictauene’s ole) clsbeterctorcicler 7 7. Mid metatarsus with abnormal armature, either furnished on the entire ventral surface with stiff spinules that are at right angles to the surface of the joint, or with a number of long hairs.............. 8 Mid metatarsus with the normal armature, consisting of more or less closely placed regular spinules which are directed slightly toward the DO Xoe OLMUTE AION etre iste sth are rcreparte crore seo csi os Mars aia teee Y Suereermeet am ater 9 8. Mid metatarsus armed on its entire ventral surface with short stiff spinules which give it the appearance of being slightly thickened. irritans Fallen. Mid metatarsus with a slight depression near apex on ventral surface the posterior margin of which is fringed with a comb of from 4 to 6 short, stiff, downwardly directed bristles........ metatarsata Stein. g. Hind tibia about one third from apex on the inner surface armed with a stout downwardly and apically directed spine which ends in 3 hairs. unispinosa Stein. Reliance, Cilia Swat MOU STIG” SPINES pas ofl ala aiele vs'c aje)e oe a esl ce c)eleieyatelesehe 10 10. Mid tibia with 1-2 bristles on anterior surface....bispinosa Zetterstedt. Mid tibia without bristles on anterior surface............eeeeeeeees II 110 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI ——— , 11. Hind tibia slightly prolonged into a blunt apical process on ventral surface; mid femora without long bristles on basal half of ventral surface; hind tibia with 2-3 ventral bristles...... dentipes Fabricius. Hind tibia normal at apex; mid femora with 6-7 long bristles on basal half of postero-ventral surface; hind tibia with 1 ventral bristle or with, only) ventral isetules oo o00 0c lsh coe deere 12 12, Mid tibia with a continuous series of very short upright hairs from base to apex on anterior surface; mesonotum distinctly shining and VAtLtateeeernre 110 OS BLOG OL BG Cocr RAINES Ts eae ana auea RAP a 3 houghi n. sp. Mid tibia without short upright hairs; mesonotum dull velvety black, DOVE ALE TUS ica me cpa AC SOME RPS et I ee A PORES He meteorica Linné. Hydrotea houghi, n. sp—Male.—Black, distinctly shining, slightly bluish on dorsum of thorax and abdomen. Head black; ocellar triangle shining; interfrontalia opaque; orbits, face, and cheeks with silvery pile. Thorax vittate, the vittee consisting of whitish pruinose stripes covering the regions occupied iby the acrostichal and dorso-central bristles, the intervening spaces showing as narrow black lines. Abdomen with whitish pruinescence, which gives the surface a slightly tessellate appearance; dorso-central stripe slender, most distinct at base. Legs black. Wings clear or slightly grayish. Squamze whitish. Halteres brown, knobs black. Eyes narrowly separated, almost entirely bare; arista tapering, pubes- cent. Thorax with 3 pairs of strong presutural acrostichals. Thorns on fore femora of unequal strength, the posterior one much more acute than the anterior; 4 long blunt bristles on basal half of postero-ventral surface, a series of short stout bristles on basal half of ventral surface, and 4 or 5 similar bristles on same surface just basad of the thorns distinguish the femora. Mid femora with a series of very long curled bristles on basal half of anterior surface and another one of straighter bristles on same portion of postero-ventral surface. Mid tibize with their anterior sur- faces covered with tiny upright hairs; posterior surfaces with 2 bristles, one above and the other below middle. Hind femora with a series of stout bristles on the apical half of their antero-ventral surfaces and 2 complete series of long fine hairs on their ventral. Hind tibiz with short hairs, distinct from which are 3-4 antero-ventral setule, one weak antero- dorsal bristle, a very strong dorsal bristle, and the usual preapical bristle. Third-and fourth wing-veins convergent apically. Female—Agrees in color with the male except for the more distinct pruinescence of the dorsum. The eyes are separated by one third the head-width. The fore femora have no characters that distinguish the species from dentipes. The mid tibiz have one bristle one third from apex on anterior surface in addition to the 2 on the posterior surface. The antero-ventral setule on hind tibiz are stronger than in the male. In other respects except as to the femoral bristles. the female is similar to the male. Length, 7-8.5 mm. * Sore bY 73 Dec.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 111 Type locality, Homer, Ill., April 24, 1909—a large series, mostly females. Paratypes, Urbana, Ill., April and June; Algonquin, Ill., April and June; Claremont, N. H., October 16, 1915 (R. P. Dow) ; Tifton, Ga., October 16, 1896; Opelousas, La., March; London, Ont. (ex. coll. Hough). The Hough specimens are labeled dentipes, as is also one of the Algonquin specimens from Dr. Nason. It is highly probable that this species is the one that has been recorded as dentipes from North America. . NEW SPECIES OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA. By A. A. Grrautt, Glenndale, Md. Two New Tetrastichomyiz. The species of this genus, all of North America, may.be known by the following synopsis: Club white. Pedicel subequal to funicle 1. - Scape, pedicel and ring-joints white; entire thorax (except tegula) and abdomen reddish yellow except the base and lateral margins of the abdomen (the latter to about the middle) and a large median, rounded spot distad at apex of abdomen. Coxe silvery. : silvensis n. sp. Club black. Pedicel somewhat longer than funicle 1. Scape, pedicel and ring-joints white; head, thorax and abdomen black except at least the venter and pleurum of thorax, the proximal part of the scutellum, the mesal part of the axille which are reddish yellow and the propodeum and postscutellum which are yellowish Sil Ve Taye i eee Ss Sh wee chstas Auge ered eaes tego tes Rictmiste sos ahe clisiocampe Ashmead. The same but the distal third of the pedicel black (except at apex), the body entirely black except the propodeum and, less distinctly, the proscutellum, which are pale yellow.................. orgyi@é n. sp. The median carina of propodeum is distinct, no lateral carine; man- dibles more or less 3-dentate; club with a distinct terminal nipple. Legs yellow, the coxz whitish; body reticulated, impunctate. Propodeal spiracle round, central. Pedicel elongate. Wings lightly infuscated except at base; postmarginal vein absent’ (a mere bud). The species do not differ except in coloration. Caudal tibial spurs single. Types of clisiocampe Ash. examined. 1. Tetrastichomyia silvensis Girault. One female, woods, Glenndale, Md., July 16, 1915. Type: Catalogue no. 20398, U. S. N. M., the female on a tag, the head, a forewing, and a hind leg on a slide. 2. Tetrastichomyia orgyie Girault. One female reared from Orgyia leucostigma, Washington, D. C., Nov. 1915 (R. M. Fouts). Type: Cata- 112 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI logue no. 20399, U. S. N. M., the specimen on a tag and a slide with same appendages as in silvensis. Decatoma marylandica n. sp. (Chalcid Hymenoptera). From the woods, June 26, 1916. Female: Length 2 mm. Entirely black, the wings without a substigmal blotch (Endecatoma). The following parts golden | yellow: Propleurum except quadrately caudo-ventrad ; legs except prox- imal half of caudal coxa; middle of caudal femora and tibie; and the middle tibize more or less; and the pedicel except at apex. Shallowly - umbilicately punctate, the propodeum ruguloso-punctate, with a narrow, foveate median channel, through a peltate basin, the petiole a half longer than wide, scaly; segments 2-4 of abdomen subequal, glabrous. Pedicel a little longer than funicle 1, funicle 2 quadrate. Stigmal vein distinct, small. The yellow on the propleurum is visible above. An ordinary species. Glenndale, Md., one female. Type: Catalogue no. 20364, U. S. N. M., the above female on a tag. One Bena: in the U. S. N. M. from Oak, D. C. Two New Chalcid Flies from Maryland. - Elachistus marylandicus n. sp. Female: The same as louisiana Girault but the lateral margin of the abdomen is dusky only for two thirds its length from base (or to a third cross-stripe) and there are three narrow cross-stripes at about the middle and two more slightly indicated between these and base from each side. Club solid, pointed at! apex, the mandibles edentate, obtuse at apex. Two females, open woods, Aug. 12, 1916. Glenndale, Md. Types: Catalogue no. 20442, U. S. N. M., the females on a card point or tag, hind tibie and a head on a slide. A third female same place a week later. Aprostocetus ulysses n. sp. Female: Length 0.80 mm. Dark metallic purple, the wings hyaline, the antennze (except base of pedicel above and club 3 which are purplish) and the legs except base of front coxe, yel- lowish white, the abdomen pale golden except the margins all around (except at base, more broadly at the middle at the cross-stripes), the apex rather broadly and three cross-stripes (the second at middle, the three in succession, the first often broadly interrupted at the middle, the third often represented by a spot at meson). With the usual sculpture, the line of punctures along lateral scutum minute, obscure, the propodeum short at the meson, then with a weak median carina; no lateral carinz, the spiracle minute, round, central. Thorax rounded, the abdomen nar- rower, conic-ovate. Pedicel slightly longer than funicle 1; funicle 2 longest, somewhat over twice longer than wide, 3 a little shorter, sub- equal to club 2; funicle 1 nearly twice longer than wide, longer than club 3 which bears a distinct terminal nipple. Mandibles bidentate. Two. females. Meadows by sweeping, Aug., 1916. Glenndale, Md. Types: Catalogue no. 20445, U. S. N. M., the two specimens on a tag, two heads on a slide. Gonatocerus novifasciatus Girault. Common in Maryland woods. The distal half of the forewing is somewhat infuscated. The propodeum bears ie Se Dec.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 113 a pair of median carine which are not very close together. Scutellum without sulci. A new Eucharid Chalcid-Fly from Maryland. From the woods, June 12, 1916. Pseudometagea hillmeadia n. sp. Female: A little larger than the genotype from which it differs as follows: The general color is lus- trous black not dark brown; the head and thorax bear more numerous pin punctures (in both the vertex bears a bifoveate median sulcus and is rugulose on each side of this) ; the scape (excluding the bulla) is about twice longer than wide, in the other only slightly longer than wide; the broad, rugulose cephalo-mesal part of the scutum is longer, reaching nearly to the middle; the parapsidal furrows, punctate, are complete and ‘ distinct, absent in the other (in the type female; present in the other specimens placed with the type); the femora are broadly blackish at base, concolorous in the others. Otherwise the same. Types compared. Scutellum with a cross-row of fovee at base, a few longitudinal strie laterad and a median channel Propodeum honeycombed Petiole nodular, a little larger than the coxe. Abdomen a little ascending, elliptical ovate, the second segment occupying most of the surface. Marginal vein long, the stigmal quadrate to oval. Antenne 8-jointed, without a ring-joint, the club solid; funicle 1 elongate but not as long as the club, the pedicel longer than the body of the scape (genotype) or smaller Clee) Substigmal spot distinct. From one female, Glenndale, Md. Type: Catalogue no. 20310, U. S. N. M., the female on a tag, the antenne on a slide. Differs from the genotype mainly in the general coloration. Two more specimens, the - same place, two weeks later. SARCOPHAGA AND ALLIES IN NORTH AMERICA. At an early date there is to appear from the Thomas Say Foundation its first volume, Sarcophaga and Allies in North America, by Dr. J. M. Aldrich. It is octavo 325 pp., with 170 figures. Of 175 forms, about 100 are now newly described. Genitalia are figured for 138 species. It deals with a neglected group of common flies, some of which are important parasites, especially of grasshoppers, while others are scavengers or excre- ment feeders; one species has been- definitely connected with human intestinal myasis. Subscription to the permanent Thomas Say Foundation costs $10. The price of the forthcoming volume is $3. The Treas- urer is Morgan Hebard, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. 114 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI LIVING PUPAE FOR SALE. For many years it has been the custom of a few of us to dis- tribute among schools, etc., a large number of cocoons of Satur- niids for study purposes. Now, for the benefit of our publica- tion fund and in the interest of science we offer: Sound cecropia EOCOOMS 0's ss feeucesie’ $1.00 per 100 Parasitized or dead cocoons .......... 25 ten BESt GN ntN1G (EOCOOMS ii. «)-)s isis «in due sdale 1.00 “ Dead ones, generally bacterial ........ et Our best selection of promethea ...... L000 ss On all orders from 50 cents upward postage will be prepaid. On lesser orders kindly add fair postage. We shall give our time in safe packing, etc. When the late John B. Smith worked upon the parasites and diseases of cecropia, we collected for him about 19,000 cocoons. In this species we can detect living or dead. The latter may be of interest either for silk or diseases. The parasites are gen- erally a Pimpla or a large Ophion. Cecropia can be bred on almost any deciduous tree in any climate. It is to be hoped that much more will be done in efforts at hybridization. From the cynthia cocoons come the pongee silk of commerce. This insect was first introduced from China to Brooklyn about 1867. It feeds normally upon the Ailanthus tree. It has been bred ex ovo on species of oak. If bred on wild cherry the imagines are distinctly dwarfed. Sassafras has been success- fully used. Other trees should be tried. The silk value of this species is great. Hybridization has been carried on extensively. Recorded successes are with promethea (both sexes), cecropia, columbia, gloveri, californica. Its parasites are not numerous. We believe there is a good field so that biologists should experi- ment on not fewer than 50,000 cocoons this coming season. Cocoons of promethea are getting scarce around New York. Where we used to find hundreds on wild cherry, almost any tree in a grove, we now find dozens on trees widely scattered. The parasites are several and interesting. They respond readily to attempts at hybridization. Food trees are many in any climate. The silk is tough and of excellent quality. ee ee re Dec.,1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 115 ‘We cannot guarantee delivery of io, luna, or polyphemus, valued at 5, 15 and 4 cents respectively. Unless pupated in cap- tivity they are hard to find. Luna is specially prone to epidemic disease. No more interesting work is possible than efforts in hybridizing these species. Address all correspondence or orders to R. P. Dow, Editor, 15 Broad St., N. Y. City. WISH TO EXCHANGE Lepidoptera of southern California for Lepi- doptera from any part of the world. Fred King, 1588 Crites St., Los Angeles, Cal. OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA FLORIDA Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells, and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla. WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus; will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass. THE UNDERSIGNED will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey.—Harry B. Weiss, 242 Raritan Ave., New Brunswick, N. J. FINE SPECIMENS of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, col- lected at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North American Lepidoptera—Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadel- phia, Pa. I COLLECT for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price list of _ nearly 1,000 species Coleoptera in Henshaw Nos. A. H. Manee, Southern Pines, N. C. WANTED.—North American Orthoptera from localities which are little known or in which but little collecting has been done. Material from the mountainous regions of the West particularly desired. M. Hebard, Acad- emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. WANTED.—Sphingide from any part of the world. Will purchase or exchange. B. Preston Clark, 55 Kilby St. Room 35, Boston, Mass. WANTED for cash or exchange.—Silphide and Lucanide from all localities in North America. J. W. Angell, 532 Wales Ave., New York City. FOR SALE at low prices—A large number of species of Colombian Lepidoptera, perfect and seconds. Also Canadian species. H. S. Parish, 81 Robert St., Toronto, Can. WANTED for cash—Ova of Catocale with or without parent moth. Address George J. Keller, 191 Avon Ave., Newark, N. J. FOR SALE, or EXCHANGE for perfect copies of scarce postage stamps, a collection of Palearctic Geometride in finest condition, properly labelled and correctly named. About seven hundred specimens. William Reiff, 366 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, Mass. WANTED.—Imagos of Saperda candida, Pholus pandorus, all stages of Macrodactylus subspinosus except imagos, and other material of eco- nomic importance. Ward’s Natural Science Establishement, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y. WANTED.—AIl kinds of material for Life Histories. Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, etc., etc. Herman H. Brehme, 74 13th Avenue, Newark, N. J. WANTED.—Transactions American Entomological Society, Vol. IV; Proc. U. S. Natl. Museum, Vol. X, pp. 335-337; Vol. XI, pp. 481-525; Vol. XII, pp. 455-496. Howard L. Clark, Box 1142, Providence, R. I. FOR SALE—Entomological News, Vols. XV to XX, inclusive, un- bound, at subscription price, six vols., $6. Geo. P. Engelhardt, Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y. R. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS, Dresden-Blasewitz, in their new Price List No. LVII. for 1914 (116 pag.), offer more than 20,000 Species of well named Lepidoptera, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest condition ; 1,600 kinds of prepared larvae, etc. Separate price lists for Coleoptera (30,000 species, 208 pag.), for Hymenoptera (3,600 species), Dip- tera (2,900), Hemiptera (2,500), Orthoptera (1,200), Neuroptera (630), Biological Objects (300). Discount for cash orders. Prices low. We sell no more living pupe. Extraordinarily cheap cen- turies and lots (List gratis). Fine species at very low prices. Lots seni for selection. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL ‘SOCIETY. Sent postpaid on receipt of price by A, C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park Place, Brooklyn. European Agent, W. Junk, Sachsischerstr. 68, Berlin, W. 15. THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol- ogy, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y., and other dealers. (CGH aN oVOyb baa IA Sea nmce Dames tet ano RO AEA UY TUE aN hs CAS he AR AAR 2.00 BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vols. 1, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $2.50 each. NalsrAmtouzo tot Saleuatc men vVOli arya systvercisten nares ales ate spees ccs ckekere ts state 1.25 Wolumescvot athe, Bulletin @ nos.) tog sale ate-.o-0 ..--c sass 1.40 Nolnimexquot tie ss ulletinpeGsaivoss)ynuoiesales ates rence eee lelalners 1.00 ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 each 2.00 PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vol. 1 and 4, each ........ 2.00 Vols. 2 and 3 wanted at $3 each. SCHAUPP, Synopsis OfuthenCGicimndelidcs Sycole plates io.44 sss 1.00 OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ .50 WEIMER Checklistor the selemipteraacs: oc sues es oon eee ceeerente 25 Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio and Bulletin wanted at full prices. OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA All kinds of Chrysalids, Cocoons, and Pupz wanted in exchange for North American lepidoptera. Address: Herman H. Brehme, 74 Thirteenth Ave., Newark, N. J. Florida Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells, and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.’ WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus; will collect insects of any order in,this locality for exchanges in above families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass. The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey.—Harry B. Weiss, 242 Raritan Ave., New Brunswick, N. J. WANTED.—Transactions American. Entomological Society, vol. IV.; Entomological News, vol. II., nos. 6 and 10, or the whole volume——Howard L. Clark, Box 1142, Providence, R. I. Fine specimens of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, collected at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North Ameri- can Lepidoptera—Philip Laurent, 31: East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. I collect for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price list of nearly 1,000 species Coleoptera in Henshaw Nos. A. H. Manee, Southern Pines, N. C. WANTED.—North American Orthoptera from localities which are little known or in which but little collecting has been done. Material from the mountainous regions of the West particularly desired. M. Hebard, Acad- emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. WANTED.—Sphingide from any part of the world. Will purchase or exchange. B. Preston Clark, 55 Kilby St., Room 35, Boston, Mass. WANTED for cash or exchange.—Silphide and Lucanide from all localities in North America. J. W. Angell, 532 Wales Ave., New York City. FOR SALE at low prices——A large number of species of Colombian Lepidoptera, perfect and seconds. Also Canadian species. H. S. Parish, 81 Robert St., Toronto, Can. WANTED for cash.—Ova of Catocale with or without parent moth. Address George J. Keller, 191 Avon Ave., Newark, N. J. WILL pay cash for Necrophorus sayi, hecate, melsheimeri, vespilloides, and for specimens of any species with unusual markings or deformities. R. M. Moore, M.D., 74 South Fitzhugh St., Rochester, N. Y. FOR SALE, or EXCHANGE for perfect copies of scarce postage stamps, a collection of Palerctic Geometride in finest condition, properly labelled and correctly named. About seven hundred specimens. William Reiff, 366 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, Mass. WANTED.—Imagos of Saperda candida, Pholus pandorus, all stages of Macrodactylus Subspinosus except imagos, any other material of eco- nomic importance. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y. OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA Florida Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells, and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla. WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus; will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass. The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey.—Harry B. Weiss, 242 Raritan Ave. New Brunswick, N. J. Fine specimens of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, collected at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North Ameri- can Lepidoptera—Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. I collect for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price list of nearly 1,000 species Coleoptera in Henshaw Nos. A. H. Manee, Southern Pines, N. C. ~ WANTED.—North American Orthoptera from localities which are little known or in which but little collecting has been done. Material from the mountainous regions of the West particularly desired. M. Hebard, Acad- emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. WANTED.—Sphingide from any part of the world. Will purchase or exchange. B. Preston Clark, 55 Kilby St., Room 35, Boston, Mass. WANTED for cash or exchange.—Silphide and Lucanide from all localities in North America. J. W. Angell, 532 Wales Ave, New York City. FOR SALE at low prices—A large number of species of Colombian Lepidoptera, perfect and seconds. Also Canadian species. H. S. Parish, 81 Robert St., Toronto, Can. WANTED for cash.—Ova of Catocale with or without parent moth. Address George J. Keller, 191 Avon Ave., Newark, N. J. WILL pay cash for Necrophorus sayi, hecate, melsheimeri, vespilloides, and for specimens of any species with unusual markings or deformities. R. M. Moore, M.D., 74 South Fitzhugh St., Rochester, N. Y. FOR SALE, or EXCHANGE for perfect copies of scarce postage stamps, a collection of Palzrctic Geometride in finest condition, properly labelled and correctly named. About seven hundred specimens. William Reiff, 366 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, Mass. WANTED—Imagos of Saperda candida, Pholus pandorus, all stages of Macrodactylus Subspinosus except imagos, any other material of eco- nomic importance. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y. _ THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month. from October to June inclusive, at 185 Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1916 President WILLIAM T. DAVIS Vice-President W. T. BATHER Corresponding Secretary R. P. DOW Recording Secretary J. R. pz ta TORRE-BUENO Treasurer C. E. OLSEN Librarian A. C. WEEKS Curator GEORGE FRANCK Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences CHARLES E. SLEIGHT Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in October, December, February, April and June of each year _. Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.05, in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica- tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento- _ mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if _ ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address subscriptions and all communications to — | R. P. DOW, Editor, 15 Broad Street, New York City. Ward’s Natural Science Estublishment | 84-102 College Ave. | ROC N. Ye Foeciceeen eles My every description, includ 1g the only genuine hand made . Schmitt Insect Boxes, and the well ‘ae : 4 American Entomological Company Insect Pins. Our supply beraloeue No. 30 will be sent free on oppliewieas a Entomological Specimens of all orders from Bie part of the world. Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance and others; _ Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America; — ra Collections of beneficial and injurious insects ; Collections of | Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also A if illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism. a If interested write for the following circulars: | 116 Biological Material for Dissection, 125 Life Histories of Economic Insects, Oh ae 128 List of Living Pupae, Bie ieee” 129 Exotic Lepidoptera, necal 130 North American Lepidoptera, 131 Exotic Coleoptera, 132) North American Coltspeers. 143 Type Collections, also Collections iuserene 4 beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mimicry — BY and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism. Mag oh Our complete Insect catalogue and list of publications will be sent on receipt of a cents. . v BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NEW SERIES Vol. XII 1917 EDITED (IN SUCCESSION) BY F. G. SCHAUPP JOHN B. SMITH GEO. H. HULST CHAS. LOUIS POLLARD R. P. DOW PUBLICATION COMMITTEE CHARLES SCHAEFFER, J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW ee PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, P. ‘ Dec.,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Mentioned in Vol. XII. New forms marked *. Acalypta grisea syn., 78 lilliianis, 78 Acme@ops proteus, 94 - Aeolus, 41 Adelocera pyrsolepis, 47 Agrilus acutipennis, 93 pohttus, 93 ruficollis, 93 vittaticollis, 94 Alcis sulfuraria, 46 Amelanchier, 78 Ameristus fumosipennis, 88 Andrena andrenoides, 90 banksu,* 89 carlim, 80, 91 cressom, 92 erythrogastra, 90 flexa,* 92 mandibularis, 90 regularis, 80, 91 vicina, 89 Andropogon tectorum, 34 Aneristus fomosipennis, 88 Anthocoris, 14 Anthomyia, 37 Anthophilax alternatus, 94 malachiticus, 93, 94 Apantesis proxima var. autholea, 47 Apteschna heros, 45 Apion, 65 Aprostocetus canadensis, 118 Aprostocetus diplosidis, 88 Ransasia,* 88 Aradus acutus, 46 duzeet, 46 uniformis, 46 Arthromacra aenea, 17 appalachiana,* 17, 18 Arthromacra donacioides, 18 glabricollis, 18 pilosella,* 17, 18 robinsoni, 17 rugosecollis, 18 Asemum moestum, 94 Balaninus baculi, 45 NASICUS, 45 proboscideus, 45 rectus, 45 Baptisia tinctoria, 64 Barnesia ritaria, 115 Betarmon bigeminatus, 43; californicus,* 42 ferrugineus, 43 Betula populifolia, 31 Blatta aegyptiaca, 69 Bombus, 52 Bougainvillea glabra, 34 Buprestis impolita, 93 striata, 93 Callidium antennatum, 94 janthinum, 94 Caricea, 36 Carya alba, 31 glabra, 31 Catopsilia eubule, 45 Ceanothus americana, 30, 79 Cephalocaris, 76 Ceresa albescens, 110 albido sparsa, 111 basalis, I11 brevicornis, III brevis, III brevitylus, 111 borealis, 111 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII Ceresa bubalus, 111 constans, III diceros, 110 femorata, 110 militaris, III occidentalis, III palmer, I11 stimulea, ITI taurina, III uniformis, 111 Cenonympha californica, 46 Cephalanthus, 78 Chalcophora fortis, 93 , lacustris, 93 liberta, 93 virginiensis, 93 Chanithus, 70 Chionathus virginica, 59 Chirosia Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, 31 Chrysobothris dentipes, 93 harrisu, 93 scabripennis, 93 Cicindela arizone, 46 dorsalis, 45 lepida, 45 marginata, 46 striga, 47 v. myo,* 106 v. kirbyi, 106 vw. owena,* 106 vy. viridissima, 106 Chtoria mariana, 62 Clytus marginicollis, 94 Clytanthus ruricola, 94 Coccophagus orientalis, 88 Coenosia, 36 Coleophora malivorella, 87 Copidita thoracica, 30 Corythaica bellula,* 19 monacha, 19 Corythucha adusta, 79 arcuata, 78 bulbosa, 70 carbonata, 79 cerasi, 79 Corythucha crategi, 78 heteromelu syn., 78 mcurvata, 78 marmorata, 78 pallida, 78 pruni, 79 Crategus, 78, 92 Cregya vetusta, 46 Cremastochilus canaliculatus, 31 Crotolana retusa, 88 Ctenucha brunnea, 47 Dasyllis affinis, 52 astur, 53, 54 californica,* 53, 54 champlaini, 53, 54 cinerea, 52, 54 colombia, 53 divisor,* 53, 54 fernaldi, 53 flavicollis, 53 grossa, 53 msignis,* 53 lata, 53, 55 macquarti,* 52, 54 partitor,* 53, 54 posticatus, 53, 54 sackemi,* 53, 54 sacrator, 52 semitecta, 52 thoracica, 53 unicolor, 53 virgmica,* 53 Daucus carota, 31 Dermestes talpinus, 30 Desmocerus palliatus, 94 Desmodium lasiocarpum, 34 Dexiopsis, 36 Dicerca caudata, 93 chrysea, 93 divaricata, 93 prolongata, 93 punctulata, 93 tenebrosa, 93 Dictyophara, 69 dioxys, 70 Dec., 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Dictyophara florens, 70, 71 lingula, 70, 71 microrhina, 70 Dinapate wrightti, 107 Dolichoglossa, 37 Drasterius amabalis, 40, 41 circumscriptus, 42 dorsalis, 40, 41 elegans, 40 livens, 41 nigriventris,* 41 pulchellus, 41 subornatus, 40, 41 scutellatus,* 41 thoracicus,* 40 Drosophila ampelophila, 21 Ehrethia elliptica, 50 Elachistus hyphantrie, 85 sanninnoidee,* 85 Elater vitiosus, 46 Ellipotoma laticornis, 31 Emmesomyia* apiculis,** 115 unica,* I14 Encyclops ceruleus, 94 Erystalis tenax, 6 Euchrysia hyalinipennis, 14 maculipennis, 14 similis,* 14 Eubarnsia,* 115 Euderces picipes, 94 Eupogonius tomentosus, 95 Eupteromalus sarcophagae, 118 Eurydinota lividicorpus,* 86 Eurytoma pissodis,* 88 cleri, 88 Falcata comosa, 63 Fitchia aptera, 45 Forcipomyia, 14 Fraxinus, 59, 80 americana, 80 nigra, 81 pennsylvanica, 81 Gargaphia, 61 Gargaphia amorphe, 79 Gonotocerus maga, 87 angulata, 79 reticulata, 61 solant, 79 tiie, 79 Gaurotes cyanipennis, 94 Gerris remigis, 21 titillatus,* 87 Glischrochilus fasciatus, 30 Gonatocerus maga, 87 Halizoa rufipes, 118 Hammomyia, 37 Hematopoto pluvialis, 69 Heidemanma, 75 Heterina vulnerata, 46 Hippobosca @quina, 69 Homoptera unilineata, 103 - Hoplogaster, 36 Hydnocera humeralis, 31 lecontei, 31 longicollis, 31 pallipennis, 31 verticalis, 31 Hylemyia, 37, 38 Hylephila, 37 Hyperplatys aspersus, 95 Hyperteles polyneme, 118 Hypopteromalus percussor,* 118 Ips, 30 Tsometopus libertus,* 76 pulchellus, 76, 77 signatus, 76, 77 unicolor, 76 Isohydnocera, 83 egra, 84 albocincta, 84 brunnea,* 84 curtipennis, 84 gerhardi, 84 longicollis, 84 ornata, 84 pusilla, 84 schustert, 84 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII Isohydnocera tabida, 84 Juglans cinerea, 31 Languria mozardi, 86 Laphria, 52 Lemidia, 85 Lemomas virgulti, 46 Leptostyla affinis, 64 angustata, 64 dilaticollis, 61 clitorie@, 60, 61 constricta, 62 costofasciata, 61 elata, 61 gracilenta, 61 heidemanni, 60, 63 oblonga, 60, 62, 63 similis, 64 velifica, 61 velifer,* 60 Leptostylus 6-guttatus, 95 Leptoypha brevicornis, 56, 58, 59 costata, 50, 57 discreta, 58 distinguenda, 57 elliptica,* 56, 57 minor,* 55, 56 mutica, 56, 58, 50 Leptura, 30 aspera, 95 cordifera, 94 exigua, 94 hematites, 94 mutabilis, 95 proxima, 94 pubera, 95 ruficollis, 30, 95 spherocollis, 95 vittata, 95 Lezpedeza, 62 Lidopus heidemanni, 74 Limnospila, 36 Liopus fascicularis, 29 Lispa, 114 Lycena exilis, 46 Madeterus, 13 Mallophora analis, 55 Meadorus lateralis, 46 Megapenthes nigriceps, 42 Megathymus sp., 46 Meibomia, 62 Melanophila fulvoguttata, 93 Memythrus cupressi, 46 Meroporus dubius, 118 utibilis, 118 Microrrhagus audax, 39 bonvouloiri, 40 imperfectus, 39 oblitus, 39 subsinuatus, 30 Molorchus bimaculatus, 30, 94 Monanthia c-nigrum, 49, 50 coloradensis, 50, 51 ehrethie,* 49, 50 labeculata, 49, 50 monotropida, 49, 50 Monohammus scutellatus, 95 Monophylla terminata, 31 musca domestica, 68 Mycterus scaber, 30 Myiomma cixtiformis, 75 media,* 75 Necrobia violacea, 31 Necrophorus americanus, 30 marginatus, 30 orbicollis, 30 Sayt, 30 Neoborus amenus, 81 canadensis, 80 geminus, 80 palmeri, 81 pubescens,* 80, 81 tricolor, 80 Neochirosia, 35, 36 setiger,* 36 Neoclytus muricatulus, 94 Neohylemyia, 37 — proboscidalis,* 38 Neomphaloides, 118 Neomphaloidomyia* 118 Dec., 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Neowashingtonia filifera, 107 Nersia curviceps, 70 florens, 71 Notonecta mexicana, 46 Omosita colon, 30 Omphalomopsis marilandia,* 88 Ootetrastichus gibboni,* 86 myrmaridis, 86 Ormyrus thymus,* 87 unfasciatipennis,* 87 unmaculatipennis, 87 Oxygonus montanus,* 43 obesus, 44 Pachyta monticola, 94 rugripennis, 94 Pemphredon angularis, 99, 100 bipartior, 102 cockerelli, 98, 100 concolor, 99 confertim, 100 errans,* 99 foxu,* 101 giffardi, 102 grinnelli, 102 harbecki, 102 imornatus, 102 marginatus, 102 montanus, 102 morio syn., 102 nearcticus, 98 provancheri, 97 rileyi, 100 shawii,* 100 tenax, 102 tinctipennis, 97 virgimiana,* IOI Pentacricia, 36 Petalostemon, 63 Phaoma, 114 Phenolia grossa, 30 Phyllobenus dislocatus, 29, 31 Phyllogaster, 36 Phylloscelis, 70 Phymatodes variabilis, 94 Pieris rape, 46 Pinus strobus, 20 Pissodes strobi, 89 Pityophthorus consimilis, 29 Platanus occidentalis, 31 Platycerus keeni, 22 pedicillaris, 22 quercus, 22 thoracicus, 22 Pleocoma australis, 16 badia,* 15 conjungens, 15 fimbriata, 15 Podisus fretus, 46 Pogonocherus plenicellatus, 95 Proboscimyia, 37 Proboscidomyia, 37 Prionocheta opaca, 30 Prunus, 92 Psenocerus supernotatus, 29 Pseudolucanus bicostatus,* 22 mazama, 22 Pseudophana, 70 Psilopa, 13 Pycnanthemum tncanum, 30, 31 Pyrameis carye, 46 Rhagium lineatum, 93, 94 Rhipiphorus limbatus, 31 Rhus glabra, 29 Salix, 90 Sanninoidea exitiosa, 85 Saperda vestita, 95 Scatophaga furcata, 14 Schoenomyza, 35 Scolops, 70 Scopelosoma devia, 46 Scolopostethus affinis, 46 atlanticus, 46 thomsont, 46 Secodella viridis, 85 Secodes mulitilineatus,* 85 Sericothrips occipitalis,* 32 Silpha americana, 30 imequalis, 29 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII lapponica, 30 . Tingis amorphae, 79 noveboracensis, 20 Trichodes nuttali, 31 surinamensis, 30 Trichius, 45 Smerinthus cerisyi, 46 Tropidosteptes cardinalis, 80 — Sphinse chersis, 47 Tornos scolopacinarius, 46 coloradus, 46 Typocerus, 30 Stachyocnemus apicalis, 45 Staphylea trifolia, 79 Vanessa j-album, 46 Statira, 17 Stictocephala, 110 Strangalia, 30 Synchlora albicostaria, 35 avidaria,* 34 denticulata, 34 liquoraria, 34 Syneda alleni, 46 Verbascum thapsus, 31 Vitis labrusca, 31 Viburnum, 30 Wolcottia, 84 parviceps, 85 pedalis, 85 sobrina, 85 Taraxacum officinale, 31 Telenomus fuscicornis, 88 Xenoborus commissuralis, 81, 82 monilicornis, 88 ‘ neglectus,* 82 Tetramerins, 36 pettiti, 82 Thaumatoneura, 44 plagifer, 81, 82 ~ Thecla melinus, 46 Thripoctenus, 88 Xylotrechus fuscus, 94 Tibicen auletes, 45 Zopherus gracilis, 46 Sayt, 45 Zotheca tranquilla, 118 : Vol. XII APRIL, 1917 x ta . BULLETIN OF THE _ BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL oa SOCIETY 4 NEW SERIES PUBLICATION COMMITTEE Oe CHARLES SCHAEFFER, Chairman J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW, ; Advertising Manager Editor Published by the Society Price, 25 cents : Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues) CONTENTS. VENGEFUL BROOD OF TU Dow tere tier acc sieve Oe eae I BIBLIOGRAPHY: OF -LILAT Hv Breidus: (i. juicy sc ees ena re oe ane 9 PREDACEOUS HABITS IN MADETERUS AND PSILOPA, Mal- Te] of st Suan Pan pai STN Mee ae aeRO TMS nh A Eh nce AA MR AN Si On 12 NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF EUCHRYSIA, Girault ........ 14 THE ELEVEN GE PLEOCO MA a iSO ie oUt aay aaa 15 SYNOPSIS (OP ARTHROMACRA® Vengo. oy soccer aes 16 NEW SPECIES OF TINGID FROM N. Y., Bueno .......2..0..000% 19 CONCERNING: GERRIS (REMIGIS, Olsen 4. 2103) ee ae ene 21 NOTES ONRUCANEND AL ‘Angell 3.50. 10 Pome Oi er 22 RTVING" BUR AS HOR (SAME CUA NGn tN een epee 22 BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XII APRIL, 1917 No. I STUDIES IN THE OLD TESTAMENT. By R. P. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y. I. THE VENGEFUL Broop oF LILITH AND SAMAEL. There are certain discrepancies in Genesis, more apparent than real, which have puzzled commentators in all ages, and of which early explanations differ radically from present ones adopted since it has become generally understood that Genesis is a com- pilation of earlier narratives, notably the Elohistic and Jahvistic. Dr. Briggs, of the Union Theological Seminary, has pointed out, too, that the form of Genesis is wholly poetical. This leads to a reasonable inference that if the text be regarded as dipping into allegory, one may arrive much more nearly at the truth. A stumbling block which has puzzled almost every child at Sunday School, as well as adults, is that Adam, the first man, and Eve, the first woman, had two children grown to maturity and both these sons had no difficulty whatever in finding human wives. Whom and whence? In the efforts to explain one en- counters an earlier apparent discrepancy. In Genesis 1 it is stated that after the earth, sea and sky had been separated, after the stars were set, after grass and herbs were grown, after whales, fowl, cattle and creeping things, “God created man in his own image—male and female created he them. God said unto them, be fruitful and multiply.”* After this a Garden of Eden was created. Trees grew up to fruitfulness, “pleasant to the sight and good for food.” In ordinary nature this process would take *In this and all other quotations the King James version is used, unless otherwise stated. 2 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII some years,aSa minimum. Still later (perhaps many centuries), Adam, described as created out of dust, “gave names to all cattle, fowls, beasts, but for Adam was not found an helpmeet for him.” So God took one of his ribs, made a woman. This was Eve. To account for a population from which Cain and Seth got wives, later commentators claim that early commentators seized upon an Assyrian divinity and made her Adam’s first wife. This was Lilith, who subsequently appears as mothering a brood of gebub, or flies. A second brood of children attributed to her were Succube, or devils which normally assume the female human form. All mythology begins from a basis of fact. All myths, all demi-gods, all gods (except alone the Monotheos, amorphous, in- finite) are the imperfect recollections, distorted by ages of tradi- dition, of living humans. Zeus and Hera upon Olympus, Thor and Baldur, Beelzebub and Lilith were human as ourselves. Whence came Lilith is only partially recorded. There is authority for regarding her as blonde, or, as Dante Gabriel Ros- setti paraphrases, “with hair of ropes of gold.” If so, she would be Aryan, a predecessor of races of which the best known at present are the blue-eyed Scandinavians. The earliest extant — account of Lilith is that in the Apocryphal Book, the alphabet of Ben Sira, dating perhaps from the tenth century A. D. Of course, this is no criterion of antiquity. It may be observed, parenthetically, that there was a great cult in southern Europe in the seventh century of Lilith worshippers, just as demon worship has spasmodically broken out in almost every century in some quarter. It may be observed, parenthetically, too, that the oldest existing manuscript of the Old Testament dates from the twelfth century A. D., although it is known from allusions long before Christ. One cannot judge from manuscript the age of any of the great books of Hebrew literature. Ben Sira states that Lilith was beautiful, with wavy long black hair. At all events this woman was so beautiful, so towering in intellectual gifts that she was known everywhere around the place where Babylon later was, and came to be worshipped as a goddess. There is Rabbinical authority that Adam was as the Arab or Jewish races now are, brown-eyed; and that he was created (or born) with a brown April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 3 beard hanging to his waist. Perhaps, after humans multiplied, as told in Genesis 1, Adam, first man, was prototype to head a great race, to become the child of destiny. Life with Adam was not satisfactory. He claimed obedience, either of woman to man, or impersonally to the chosen of destiny. Lilith claimed equal rights, having been created out of the same clay, and at the same time. When she realized how hopelessly obstinate Adam was in his reactionary views, she reached a deci- sion not unlike that of the end-of-the-nineteenth century Nora in Ibsen’s “ Doll’s House.” She flew out of Eden and away from Adam, who in her stead got Eve for his second wife, taken from his thirteenth rib on the right side. Note that in all tradition Lilith is able to fly, and so was more _ easily able to bear a brood of winged children. Note, too, that in their endeavor to reconcile the conflicting Biblical stories, the ancient Oriental adepts created legendary prototypes of suffra- gists and “antis.” Note, also, that Eve was quite the opposite in disposition, the type of absence of self will. She was dark, prob- ably Ethiopian, like the later Queen of Sheba, who, marvelously beautiful, was probably negro. Eve served Adam with such fidel- ity and submissiveness that the poet declares she was a rib of his own body. Imagery can go no farther than this. Lilith, having flown southward, met a certain Ba-al, married him, and settled in the valley of Jehannum. Naturally, then, the loyal descendants of Adam could not speak too illy of this woman who abandoned Adam, and apparently originated divorce. Even Jehannum became accursed and the children of Israel were warned not to intermarry with this outcast posterity. The place developes into an abode of darkness, and further until, in the attempts to localize a Hell, it becomes one of the planes, Gehenna differing from Tophet. Similarly tradition has localized heaven in planes, the “seventh heaven” remaining as the highest attainable bliss. In the Mohammedan conception of Hell, Jehannum remains particularly the abode of reputation- less women. Thus Lilith was consigned by tradition to consort only with devils. The Phcenician whom Lilith married, and who shares her ob- loquy, is still recalled by name, Samael. The term Ba-al is 4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI Pheenician. In the time of Lilith the Phoenicians may or may not have completed their migration overland from the lower Red Sea district to the coast of Palestine. At all events they pre- sumably maintained trade routes by sea or caravan along the coast. A Ba-al is merely a leading man, a captain, governor, anybody above the rank and file. This particular Ba-al, Samael, is beyond much doubt the man who appears in the Old Testament as Baalzebub, and in the New Testament as Beelzebul. The word gebul is Phoenician adopted into Hebrew. It means rad- ically any elevation of ground, big or small. In Pheenicia this man was presumably lord of a mountain. In Hebrew, where he was to be spoken of only with contempt, he becomes master of a dunghill. Commentators of all ages have not overlooked that a manure pile is the breeding place of flies. In the New Testa- . ment only Beelzebul appears as a devil, not easily differentiated from Satan. The word zgebub is also Phoenician, but it is also Hebrew from Exodus downward. It is most frequently trans- lated “flies,” but quite probably includes all pestiferous insects. It occurs in four connections in the Old Testament, invariably as flies or the equivalent in other languages. There are the dead flies which cause the ointment to stink (Ecclesiastes) ; in Isaiah, “the Lord shall hiss for the fly that is in the uttermost part of the rivers of Egypt.” For the references from Exodus one “must await the paper on the Plague of Arob. Schindler’s “ Bib- lische Lexicon” defines zebub as winged insects including Culex, Vespa, Gestrum, and Crabro. Others define it more broadly to include terrible things such as lions, tigers and scorpions. The earliest Biblical allusion to Beelzebub is in 2 Kings. Here he is the false god of Ekron, whom children of Israel ran to in- voke, just as they frequently worshipped a golden calf or other false divinity, meriting the rebuke of the orthodox. Inasmuch as Beelzebub is to appear as a devil, with home in Hell, and, as in Greek mythology Acheron is the river flowing around the boun- daries of Hades, one naturally wonders whether the resemblance between the two words is accidental, or whether the origin of the myths is not similar. There is a passage in Pliny, the Roman bibliographer of natural history, first century A. D., mentioning the Cyreneans (a Greek colony on Pheenician soil) invoking the April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 5 god Achorem to kill the flies which were producing a pestilence. This certainly suggests a triple etymological connection—Ekron, Acheron, Achorem. For eighteen centuries, however, commen- tators have been in error on this passage, pointing out Zeus Apomuios and Hercules with similar epithet. True, one of the attributes of Zeus and Jupiter is as a successful driver away of flies. The monstrous Hercules had similar great power over in- sects. When he finally settled down to live in Sicily, the Cicadas disturbing his noon naps, he struck them all perpetually dumb for fifty miles around. Both gods were fly killers. Beelzebub was their natural father and protector. With their annoyance he hit back at his Hebrew detractors. Two or more broods of children were born to Samael and Lilith. Tradition makes plenty of mention of the second, the female devils, which made Lilith a medieval by-word, terror of women in childbirth, to be fought with amulets—an easier way than by righteous living. For the first brood there is more slen- der authority. Perhaps it was taken for granted that, as Beelze- bub was father of flies, his wife Lilith must have been their mother. Per contra, if Lilith bore this brood of flies, Samael must have been the father, and hence his epithet. In very early Sanscrit authority a day each year was set apart for a festival for flies. They were fed and cajoled, not for themselves, but to placate the evil demon who fathered their existence. Compare also the Avestic account. Almost from the beginning the evil author of a half of existence brought into the world insects (translated as ““ wasps”) “which are very death to the cattle and the fields.” In all Egypt the wasp typified power of death over humanity (cf. Butx., April, 1916, testimony of the Tombs, p. 1 et seq.). It may be noticed that in Hebrew literature the wasp is just as deadly. Its name here is tgir. In Exodus, “I will send hornets before thee, which will drive out the Hivite.”’ In Deu- teronomy, “Moreover the Lord thy God will send the hornet among them, until they that are left and hide themselves from thee shall be destroyed.” In Joshua, “And I send the hornet before you, which drave out from before you, even the two Kings of the Amorites.” Even kings could not withstand the hornet of the Hebrews. 6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII There should be noted, also, the similar Biblical conception of the bee. The word Deborah is often chosen as a Christian name with the idea that it typifies industry, frugality and beneficence. The Hebrews were well acquainted with honey, for one of the early promises was to lead them to “a land flowing with milk and honey ’’; but all mentions of the bee dwell upon its stinging end. In Deuteronomy, “The Amorites chased you as bees do.” In Psalm CXVIII, “ They (mine enemies) compassed me like bees.” In Isaiah, predicting disaster to Judah, “ And it shall come to pass in that day that the Lord shall hiss for the bee that is in the land of Assyria [home of Lilith?]. And they shall come and shall rest all of them in the desolate valleys, and in the holes of the rocks, and upon all thorns, and in all bushes.” Thus it will be seen that Deborah signifies a vengeful beast whose sting is de- struction. . In interpretation of the deborah of the riddle of Samson about the bees in the carcass of the lion there is no more renowned paper in entomology than that of the late Baron Osten Sacken on the Bugonia Myth, identifying this particular deborah with count- less others as the once Palearctic, now cosmopolitanly common Syrphid, Eristalis tenax. The word Lilith is next to be consulted. The root Ilati, night or darkness, is not Hebrew, but is Assyrian. The Assyrian spelling for the woman is Lilit or Lilu. It is not necessarily a duplicated root, but probably is, the root being originally the — monosyllable li. This seems to mean night, and the idea of night is from the darkened blueness of the sky. In Demonology Lilith always operates at night. Moreover throughout the East indigo and its dark color have etymologically gone hand in hand. Luilang or lilak are present Persian adjectives meaning dark blue. The Persian for indigo is nil, adjective nilak. The Sanscrit for dark blue is mila, and its noun, mili, is indigo. While there is no direct connection between Lilith and our familiar shrub, the lilac, no evidence that the flower was regarded sacred to that divinity, yet the root is the same. This flower is native to Assyria and thereabouts. In Persian it is variously called lilaj7, lilang, or lilanj. In Ottoman Turkish it is Jeilag (authority W. W. Skeats), _ April,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society i or as spelled at present, lJeilag.* The flower was brought to Europe before the crusades, probably by the Venetians. In Spain it remains lilac or is Hispanized as lila. Skeats, Etymolog- ical Dictionary, gives Anglo-Saxon lJilie, not the lily, but the lilac; but gives no context on which his statement is supported. An English book of 1715 gives lilach. One would imagine the same root for the Latin Jilium, orig- inally the night flower. Thus it dates back before’ the Greek Xetpiov, the phonetic change from / to r being wholly in accord with law. The word Jilith occurs once in the Old Testament, the famous passage, Isaiah 34, 14: “The wild beast of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl (Jilith) also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest.” Whether or not we accept the translation of the King James version, the horns of a dilemma remain—did the woman give the name to the bird, or did the bird, always of ill omen, furnish the name for the despised woman? Apparently the former. ‘The translation as screech owl has been bitterly assailed, although it has the support of the Septuagint. The King James translators found themselves in a quandary for words to account for several owls and other birds. There was a cos of Leviticus, for which big owl seemed a feasible rendering. The other owls appear, one in this very passage of Isaiah. There are tinshemeth and yamshuph, for one horned owl being sug- gested (with marginal note of swan). The names of animals in the whole passage must be dubious in any translation, for they include unicorns, bullocks, cormorants (margin—pelican), bittern, owls, ravens, dragons, satyrs, great owls, and vultures. St. Jerome, following Symmachus, departed from precedent and took the word Jamia, a name applied to a bird only in this place. The familiar Latin name for owl is noctwa, which Linné appropriated for the owl moths, insects whose luminous eyes and heavy color render them excellent miniatures of the bird. In Horace, Ap- puleius and Tertullian Lamia is a witch delighting in sucking children’s blood, and so is not unlike the whole conception of * The popular Oriental names of women, Leila and Lillah, seem to have . this root. 8 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII Lilith. In the margin of the King James version the words “night monster” are suggested instead of screech owl, and this change was adopted in the Revised version. It was supported and probably originally suggested by several of the more schol- arly medieval Rabbis. This is quite in keeping with Lilith, also, coming from men best acquainted with the Lilith tradition and at a time when it held strongest sway over men’s minds. In Mohammedan countries where story telling is highly devel- oped the Lilith myth has assumed many forms. Not the least interesting is one which Fitz Nigle quotes in the N. Y. Tribune as having obtained from his Egyptian guide. “Tt was said she was formed in beauty’s mould with clay let down from heaven and to Adam joined on the side by a ligament like the Siamese twins, but that they quarrelled, so that the Lord cut them in twain with a flaming sword, and Lilith with her daughter, the fair Zelinda, wandered off to the land of Nod, where later on she became a witch-cat, while in the meantime Cain, as is mentioned in the Scriptures, went out into the land of Nod and took a wife—namely, Lilith’s daughter. “In regard to Eve, Adam’s second wife, the legend states that a short time thereafter a pimple grew on Adam’s leg, which at- tained a very great size, and one day, when he scratched it, out popped Eve, who quickly grew to womanhood and was married to Adam. In the meantime the devil was watching proceedings, and asked Eve if she knew that Adam had had another wife, and she replied that she suspected that her husband had not told her about his past life. Then the devil asked her if she would like to get even with him and she replied in the affirmative. Then he told her to go into the garden and pick some of the grain which the Lord told them they should not eat and give it to Adam, which she did, and when they, as the Bible states, fell from their high estate and were banished from the garden the Lord gave Eve a couple of cats to comfort her in her affliction. “Tater on it is said that these cats were the ones which Noah intended to take in the ark, but his wife, the unbelieving Norida, who hated cats, protested against it. However, he insisted, and as they were walking up the gangplank his wife suddenly pulled it in and threw them down into the water, which was boiling hot, ee April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 9 and the cats were thus destroyed. But after the ark had been at sea a few weeks the rats and mice began to eat the grain, and Noah prayed for help, when the Lord caused the lion, which lay sick with a fever, to sneeze from out its nostrils a pair of cats, which soon destroyed the rodents, thus making them the most popular animals aboard the ship. “Furthermore, when they landed on Mount Ararat and started with the other animals to travel to the Plains of Shinar the cats were given the head of the procession, and when they arrived there, and the people were building the Tower of Babel and the Lord confused their tongues, the voice of the cat, which hereto- fore had been sweet and melodious, was changed into its present raucous caterwauling.” A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LILITH. By A. S. Fremus, New York Public Library. Long before Lilith entered the field of Jewish folk-lore she was a prominent figure in Assyro-Babylonian demonology. The etymology of the name given in the Encyclopedia Britannica: “ Hebrew, lilatu, night” should have “ Assyrian” substituted for “ Hebrew.” In order adequately to follow Lilith’s iong career through the ages, from the dawn of religious belief to the present day, the following three principal lines of study suggest themselves: 1. Lilith in Babylonia, her home-land. 2. Lilith among the Jews. 3. Lilith in modern literature. 1. THE OriGINAL LILITH oF BABYLONIA. To acquaint oneself with the rdle played by Lilith in ancient Babylonia, one should turn to the works of Reginald Campbell Thompson, formerly assistant professor of Semitic lagnuages at the University of Chicago, now residing at Oxford, England. Although a comparatively young man, he is the most prominent writer on the demonology of the Babylonians; he gives in his 10 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII writings due prominence to the activities of Lilith; and he does not neglect to give the necessary references to the literature of his subject. He has written: The devils and evil spirits of Baby- - lonia, being Babylonian and Assyrian incantations, London, 1903- 1904, 2 v.; Semitic magic, its origin and development, London, 1908; and the Assyro-Babylonian part of the composite article “Demons and spirits” in James Hastings’s Encyclopedia of Re- ligion and Ethics, v. 4, 1912. He is now engaged in writing a book on Semitic mythology, which is to form v. 5 of “The My- thology of all Races,” now being published in Boston under the editorship of Louis H. Gray. In connection with this it may be said that the above-mentioned article in the Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics relating to the demonology of the various nations, written by several specialists, and comprising over seventy quarto pages, contains a mass of material too valuable to be overlooked by any student of the subject., 2. LILITH AMONG THE JEWS. This includes the study of the passage in the Book of Isaiah XXXIV, 14, the numerous passages in the Talmud and the Mid- rashim, the Kabbalah, the various superstitions, and especially the amulets, that have survived to the present day. On the Jewish side the most prominent writer in this line is the Hungarian scholar, Ludwig Blau. He is the Rector of the Jewish Theological Seminary at Budapest, the president of the folk-lore section of the Jewish-Hungarian Literary Society, and the author of a German work on Jewish magic (“ Das altjudische Zauberwesen,” Strassburg, 1898). He has written the article “Lilith” in the Jewish Encyclopedia (v. 8, 1904) as well as the cognate articles: “Abraxas,” “Amulets,” “ Augury,’ “Death, Angel of,” |)“ xorcism, ~ ~ Incantation,” “Liver: aimee *Metatron,” |=) Necsomancy,’ ~ Samael,” “ Sandalitoayiiin ods tan,” and “ Shi’ur Komah.’” (Compare also the following ar- ticles, written by other writers in the same work: ‘“‘ Asmodeus,” “Azazel,” “ Bibliomancy,’ “Childbirth,” “ Demonology,” ~ Div- ination,” “ Folklore,” “ Superstition,” and “ Witchcraft.”) Com- pare Joseph Jacobs’s “The Jewish Encyclopedia: a guide to its April,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 11 contents, an aid to its use,’ New York, 1910, “‘ Mysticism” (p. 72-75). The articles “ Childbirth” and “ Amulets” in a way supplement the article “ Lilith,” as it is at childbirth that she dis- plays her most pernicious activity, and many of the amulets are worn as a protection against her evil machinations at all times, but at childbirth especially. Women in that condition are ex- posed to attacks from many quarters. According to the Rabbis of the Talmud women die in childbirth to atone for their neglect of certain religious duties, the heavenly authorities taking advan- tage of that dangerous period and using it against the delinquents as a day of reckoning (Sabbath 32a). In all these articles the principal passages of the Talmud and the Midrashim, and some- times also those from the Kabbalah, relevant to the respective subjects, are referred to, if not cited in full; whilst the references appended at the end indicate the studies of modern Hebraists and folklorists relating to the same topics. These references may serve as a nucleus for the desired bibliography of the subject. The following few additional titles are offered as a contribu- tion to the same: Baring-Gould, Sabine. Legends of Old Testament Characters. London, 1871, p. 20. Ben Jehuda, Eliezer. Millon ha-Lashon ha-Ibrit, v. 5, p. 2671-72 [proof sheets, 1915, in possession of the author.] Brtick, Moses. Vom Amulette bei einer Woechnerin. (In his Rabinische Ceremonialgebraeuche. Breslau, 1837, p. 50-55) Cheyne, Thomas Kelly. The Prophecies of Isaiah. 5th ed. N. Y., 1802, v. I, p. 197-108. Conway, Moncure Daniel. Lilith. (In his Demonology and Devil-lore. New York, 1870, v. 2, chapter IX.) Ginzberg, Louis. The Legends of the Jews, v. 1, p. 65-66. Philadelphia, 19090. Griinbaum, Max. Gesammelte Aufsatze zur Sprach- und Sagenkunde. Berlin, 1901, p. 94-05. Hundt von Radowsky, Hartwig. Die Judenschule. London, 1823, Buch I, p. 121-123. Krauss, Samuel. Victor Hugo. (Deborah, hrsg. von G. Deutsch, v. 2, p. 81-83. Cincinnati, 1902.) Lévi, Israel. Lilit et Lilin. (Revue des Etudes juives, v. 68, p. 5-21. Paris, I914.) M’Clintock & Strong. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesi- astical Literature, v. 9. N. Y., 1880, s. v. Screech-owl.) 12 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII Montgomery, James Allan. Aramaic Incantation Texts from Nippur. Phila., 1913. Myer, Isaac. Oabbalah. Phila., 1888. Natursagen. Hrsg. von Oskar Dahnhardt, Bd. 1, Sagen zum Alten Testa- ment. Leipz., 1907. Notes and Queries. 6 ser., v. 8, p. 248, 206, 354; v. 9, p. 5, 177. London, 1883-1884. Stehelin, John Peter. The Traditions of the Jews, v. 2. London, 1742. Waite, Arthur Edward. The Doctrine and Literature of the Kabbalah. London, 1902. —— The Secret Doctrine in Israel: a Study of the Zohar and its Connec- tions. London, 1913. Waldaur, Adolf. Lilith. (Popilar-wissenschaftliche Monatsblatter, hrsg. von Adolf Briill, v. 6, p. 248-250. Frankfurt a. M., 1886. 3. LititH IN MoperN LITERATURE. It may be interesting bibliographically to find out to what ex- tent this legend was known among Occidentals and how much use was made of it in modern literature. Such a compilation may be an interesting piece of work, especially since no attempt seems ever to have been made in this direction. The following are a few examples of poetic renderings of the legend or of casual references to it: Burton, Robert. Anatomy of Melancholy, 1621, first partition, section 2, member I, subsection 2. A digression on the nature of spirits. Goethe. Faust, 1808, Walpurgisnacht, at the end. Compare Bayard Tay- lor’s translation, note 141. The passage is also found in Shelley’s Scenes from the Faust of Goethe. Belloy, Marquis Auguste de. Lilith, poéme. 1885. (Not in the New York Public Library. There is an account of it in Larousse.) Longfellow. Christus: a Mystery. Part I, The Divine Tragedy. The second Passover. (In his Poetical Works, Riverside edition, v. 5.) Rossetti, Dante Gabriel. Lilith. [A sonnet, and a picture.] Compare Lafacadio Hearn, Appreciations of poetry, New York, 1916, p. 97-08. Rosetti also refers to Lilith in his poem Eden Bower. Browning, Robert. Adam, Lilith, and Eve. [A poem.] (In his Joco-_ seria, 1883.) Also refers to Lilith in his poem “ Two camels.” Collier, Ada Langworthy. Lilith: The Legend of the First Woman. [A poem.] Boston, 1885. Perez, Isaac Loeb. Monisch. [A ballad in Yiddish.] 1888 (in his Schriften). : Jehoash. Die geganwete Callah. [A ballad in Yiddish.] (In his Ge- sammelte Lieder. New York, 1907, p. 80-82.) April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 13 —— Die bodse Chaliastre. [A ballad in Yiddish.] 10908. (In his Neue Schriften, v. I, page 68-71. New York, Ioi0.) A few works of imaginative literature relating to modern life in which the heroine is named Lilith to indicate her partaking more or less of the characteristics of the original mystical per- sonage. Burr, Amelia Josephine. Lilith. [A poem.] (Scribner’s Magazine, v. 47, p. 588. New York, 10910.) ; Cahan, Jacob. Lilith, [A poem in Hebrew.], (In his Shirim. Odessa, 1913, p. 98-09.) Catherwood, Mary Hartwell. Lilith. [A story. Illustrated] (Lippin- cott’s Magazine, v. 27. Philadelphia, 188r.) Clemens, S. L. (Mark Twain). Eve’s Diary. Extracts from Adam’s Diary. New York, 1914. Corelli, Marie. The Soul of Lilith. 3 v. London, 1802. France, Anatole. La fille de Lilith. [A story.] (In his Balthasar, Paris, 1889. 10th edition. Paris, 1901.) — The Daughter of Lilith. [A story.] (In his Balthasar. A transla- tion by Mrs. John Lane. London, 1909, p. 57-78.) German, Juliusz. Lilith. [A symbolic play in Polish, in three acts and in verse.| Lwow, 1905. Ginzburg, Pesach. Lilith. [A poem in Hebrew.] (Ha-Shiloah, v. 30, p. 342. Odessa, 1914.) f Keats, John. Lamia. 1819. “Lamia” is used as the equivalent of the Hebrew word “ Lilith” (Isaiah xxxiv, 14), both by Symmachus in his Greek translation and by St. Jerome in his Latin translation. Kurz, Isolde. Die Kinder der Lilith. Ein Gedicht. Stuttgart, 1908. Macdonald, George. Lilith, a Romance. New York, 1895. Pollock, Walter Herris. Lilith. [A story.] (Temple Bar, v. 43. Lon- don, 1874-1875.) Wedde, Johannes. Lilith. Gesaenge. Hamburg, Io10. Wilcox, Ella Wheeler. The Birth of Jealousy. [A poem.] In her world voices. New York, 1916, p. IIo. PREDACEOUS HABIT IN MADETERUS AND PSILOPA (DIPT.). By J. R. MAttocu, Urbana, Ill. The larvee of Madeterus have long been known as predaceous enemies of other insect larve, and though I have long suspected 14 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII that the imagines have also the predaceous habit I was unable until July of last year to verify that suspicion. 1 can now record the fact that flies of this genus feed upon small insects, having taken a specimen in the act of devouring a male Forcipomyia (Ceratopogonide). The species of Psilopa frequent foliage and are not uncommon upon flowers, especially milkweed, and I had not strongly sus- pected them of predacity. I observed this year one specimen suddenly attacked a small insect which it just as suddenly dropped. Examination proved the discarded prey to belong to the Thysan- optera and probably to be the common Thrips occurring on dan- delion. I do not know why the insect was dropped but presume it was distasteful to the predator. In this connection it may be pertinent to mention that I have seen Scatophaga furcata pounce on and instantly discard specimens of Anthocoris, a bug having a most disagreeable odor. The small Thrips above mentioned is able to bite persons, as I know from experience. THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF EUCHRYSIA. FEMALES. By A. A. Girautt, Glenndale, Md. Based on the types. Propodeum with a broad median area which is rugulose (distinctly more coarsely so in similis; not so in maculipennis), terminates ‘in a line of large fovexe distad and which is distinctly wider than the scaly space between it and the lateral carina. Head and thorax densely, closely punctate, the abdomen finely scaly, segment 2 glabrous. : I. Wings hyaline or subhyaline. Postmarginal vein longer than the mar- ginal, Antenne black with funicles 2-5 reddish brown; cephalic femora slightly swollen. Wings hyaline. Antenne about as in similis. hyalinipennis Ashmead. II. Wings with a large, ovate fuscous blotch from the marginal vein or uniformly infuscated from the base of the marginal vein to the apex. Wings infuscated from the base of the marginal vein to apex. Postmarginal vein longer than the marginal. April,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 15 Antenne all black; cephalic femora much swollen. Funicle joints unequal, 2 largest, twice longer than wide, the club apparently 4-jointed with a lateral terminal spine which is GUNAWOGL Bln Bhnene Bielal JUhi nye cee cnoues ae similis new species. Wings with a large, ovate fuscous area against the marginal vein. Postmarginal vein distinctly shorter than the marginal. Funicle joints all wider than long, widening distad; club solid, obliquely truncate, with no terminal spine. Segment 2 of abdomen occupying over a third of the surface. Man- dibles tridentate. Cephalic femora a little swollen. Pro- podeum tricarinate at the meson, the space occupied by the carine barely wider than the space between them and the ibvieseall Gavsiing, (GanBlle))sooc0ccacbc05s maculipennis Ashmead. Euchrysia similis Girault. Female:—Like hyalinipennis except as de- scribed above. One 2 in the U. S. Nat. Museum from Lawrence, Kan., June 18, 1896 (Hugo Kahl). Dype—Catalogue No. 20,464, U. S. N. M., the specimen minutien-mounted, a fore and hind leg and an antenna on a slide with the type appendages of hyalimipennis. THE ELEVENTH PLEOCOMA. By H. C. Fax, Pasadena, Cal. Pleocoma badia n. sp—Form robust, nearly as in fimbriata and conjun- gens; color brown both above and beneath, hairs of under surface yel- lowish brown. Antennz with the third joint elongate, fourth either with a short lamellate process or merely angulate, fifth to eleventh with long . lamelle, that of the fifth joint distinctly shorter than those following. Clypeus deeply notched, vertical horn emarginate at tip. Prothorax twice as wide as long, form as in conjungens, antero-medial area flattened and medially impressed or concave, surface finely, rather sparsely punctate, the flattened and impressed area conspicuously more coarsely and densely so and with numerous long hairs anteriorly. TElytra still more finely and ' sparsely punctate than the prothorax, the geminate lines only feebly defined. Length 26-28.5 mm., width 14.5-15 mm. Described from three males given me by my young friend Alonzo Davis, of Pasadena, who took them December 19, 1914, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet on the Mt. Wilson trail (So. Cal.), and who has recently published an account of their capture in this BULLETIN (February, 1916). 16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII At the time of receiving the specimens, a brief reference to Horn’s synoptic table showed clearly that the only possible previ- ously described species to which they could be referred was con- jungens Horn. — April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 33 striate with anastomosing lines in the area of the dark blotch, the lateral and anterior portions prominently reticulate like the occiput; bristles normal to the genus, there being one long closely appressed pair near the posterior angles. Pterothorax brown in general color, with a more or less distinct pale girdle just behind middle coxze; mesoscutum about as closely striate as prothoracic blotch, the lines converging (as usual) to three points on posterior margin; metascutum nearly as closely longitudi- nally striate. Fore wings brown at extreme base, then with a narrow, white, transverse band, the remainder of wing brownish gray, slightly paler toward apex; nearly twice as wide just beyond scale as at middle, the greatest subbasal width (exclusive of scale) about one tenth the length of wing; costal margin with about 27 equidistant bristles, anterior vein with about 29, posterior vein (absent?) unarmed. Middle and hind legs pale yellow, shaded more or less distinctly with brownish around middle femora and tibiz, coxz brown. Abdomen moderately stout, about 1.6 times the width of prothorax; segments 1-3 and 6 pale yellowish brown, 4 and 5 yellowish white, 7-9 dark brown, 10 yellow; a dark line extends across base of tergites 2-7, that on 7 being arcuate in median third instead of strictly transverse ; posterior margins of segments produced at sides (and also at middle of apical segments) into long, slender spines; pubescence absent from most of median third of tergites 2-5, brown in color except on 4 and 5; seg- ment 10 divided above in apical two fifths; bristles norman to the genus. Measurements of paratype: Length 0.864 mm.; head, length 0.084 mm., width 0.150 mm.; prothorax, length 0.098 mm., width 0.200 mm.; ptero- thorax, width 0.252 mm.; fore wing, length 0.714 mm., width near base 0.068 mm., at middle 0.035 mm.; abdomen, width 0.328 mm. Antennal segments: I 2 3 4 & 6 7 8 Length (6/25) aie ee Ms ay (BR ER ud, BAD TO. 1 Wyrialiia (8) gedocoooec A 2d. i) ie i | WE 6 5 Total length of antenna 0.299 mm. Male (macropterous)—lLength about 0.8 mm. Color as in female ex- cept that abdominal segments 1-3 and 6-8 are dark brown and concolorous, 4 and 5 being white andi 9 and 10 brown, fading to yellowish at apex; a dark, straight line extends across base of tergites 2-9; three pairs of minute black dots just basal to the transverse line of segments 2-8. Measurement of allotype: Length 0.768 mm.; head, length 0.072 mm., width 0.150 mm.; prothorax, length 0.092 mm., width 0.192 mm.; ptero- -thorax, width 0.228 mm.; fore wing, length 0.618 mm., width near base 0.054 mm., at middle 0.030 mm.; abdomen, width 0.198 mm. Antennal segments: I 2 3 4 5 6 Ui 8 ILemetin (G8) soocccoce Pi VA) SR ER AO) TI) 1) Wiel, “(D) Goceososce Bi Bi Gp agp Gia, ia 6 5 Total length of antenna c.283 mm. 34 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological S ociety Vol. XII Described from 2 females and 1 male, taken by Arthur W. Jobbins-Pomeroy at Ibadan, southern Nigeria, January 11 and 14, 1915, on Desmodium lasiocarpum DC., Andropogon tectorum Schum. & Thonn., and Bougainvillea glabra Choisy. Though taken from three species of plants, the series is thor- oughly homogeneous both in color and structure. The absence of.a true occipital line and the reticulate sculpture of the whole occipital area are sufficient to distinguish it from all previously described species. SYNCHLORA AVIDARIA N. SP.—(LEP., GEOMETRIDA). By RicHarp F. PEARSALL, Allaben, N. Y. Size, wing shape and color very close to S. denticulata Walk.,—a clear, pale pea green, the costa of fore wings above and beneath is narrowly margined with white, sometimes tinged with rose at bases, and the den- ticulate, thread-like white lines crosssing both wings are precisely as in denticulata. Fringe green, whitened at outer edge; and between veins at base, a single white dot forming a partial marginal row. Abdomen above green, marked longitudinally at centre with a white line. Pure white below. Antenne in ¢ pectinate at base, graduating to simple at apices, snow white above, the pectinations and beneath yellowish. On the 9 sim- ple. A broad white band on occiput covers their bases, and there is a narrower one in front above labrum. Front a dull brownish red, quite rosy in some fresh specimens, with a narrow red line often present, divid- ing the white occipital patch from the green collar. Beneath, the wings are silvery white with a greenish cast, without markings. The body and legs snow white, excepting the front femora which are green. Type ¢ from Palmerlee, Cochise Co., Arizona (June), was taken many years ago by the late Henry W. Marsden, and is in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History in New York. The allotype 2 from Oracle, Arizona, June 30, 1904, came to me from Mr. E. J. Oslar, and is in the same collection. A paratype 9 is from the same source, taken at Oracle on the same day. The species here described I have had from Florida, Arizona and San Diego, Cal. It may easily be separated from denticulata, a southeastern species, which has the front green; and, in its western habitat, from liquoraria Gu., with its red front, by wing texture and its clear green color, not inclined to yellowish, as in the latter. April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 35 Herrick-Schaeffer described under the name of albicostaria a species from the West Indies, which for a long while I considered might be the same with this, but a close study of a specimen, which I think should bear his name, taken by the late J. A. Gross- beck at Curacoa, and others from Porto Rico through the kind- ness of Geo. B. Engelhardt, leads me to believe them quite dis- tinct. Later, it may be possible to confirm this opinion by com- parison of genitalic mounts. A KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN GENERA OF CENOSIINA (DIPTERA, ANTHOMYIID). By J. R. Matiocs, Urbana, IIl. The members of this subfamily may be distinguished from other anthomyiids by the following combination of characters: Under-surface of scutellum bare; sternopleural bristles 3 in number, arranged almost invariably in a nearly equilateral tri- angle, if 4 are present the additional one is ventrad of the lower posterior one; hypopleura and pteropleura bare; anterior supra- alar bristle absent or very minute ; eyes of both sexes separated by about one third the width of head; frontal cruciate bristles ab- - sent; sixth vein of wing usually incomplete, complete only in Neochirosia. _ The early stages are but poorly represented in my material— the only 2 species I have reared being found in the larval stage under bark of fallen trees and in rotten wood. The imagines of most, if not all, of the species are predaceous, feeding upon minute insects such as Chironomidae, Sciaridae, etc. Key To GENERA. 1. Sixth vein of wing extending to margin ................ Neochirosia. —. Sixth vein of wing discontinued considerably before margin ...... 2. ‘2, Frons much broader than long, distinctly narrowed anteriorly, inner margin of eye concave above, the width of either eye viewed from above not greater than half the width of frons ...... Schoenomyza. —. Frons at least as long as broad, usually very much longer, width of -eye about equal to that of frons 5, Ae NUN a RMON See an as A @. 36 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII 3. Mesonotum with 4 pairs of postsutural dorso-central bristles, - Tetramerinx. —. Mesonotum with at most 3 pairs of post'sutural dorso-central bristles 4. 4. Arista with very long plumosity; abdomen in male with 5 dorsal seg-. MILCMES “VASTDTE re UE BN avegcnc tila Misiche 1s alley la tee peta entaee re meena Pentacricia. —. Arista short-haired, pubescent, or bare; abdomen in male with 4 dorsal segments Heinle Spee hn eT Me CARMEN lth 56.5 000 00 5. 5. Frons much produced beyond anterior margin in eye, usually from one third to one half the length of eye; arista pubescent, much thickened on basal half; face receding towards mouth; last abdominal segment in female armed with chitinised hooks ................ Phyllogaster. —. Frons very slightly produced beyond anterior margin of eye; arista slender except at extreme base; face almost vertical in profile; last abdominal segment’ in female not armed with chitinised hooks .. 6. 6. Squamae small, subequal; male with large ventral subapical append- URES ee Hoh, ABs SEV SVS. + 5: irs aka ey ee ave oes a eeallods ee cic aver ama atte Hoplogaster. —. Squamae rather large, under scale much larger than upper ..Coenosia. I consider that the minute distinctions between Cenosia, Caricea, Dexiopsis and Limnospila are not sufficiently constant nor are they so evident that they can be depended upon as char- acters for the differentiation of genera. I therefore place all species of these so-called genera in Cenosia. Neochirosia gen. nov.—Generic characters: slender, closely resembling Chirosia in habitus. Eyes widely separated in both sexes, cruciate frontal bristles absent; orbital bristles long; antennz shorter than face, third joint but little longer than second, rounded apically; arista almost bare, slender, swollen at immediate base; cheeks rather high, bristly on lower margin; proboscis fleshy. Anterior supra-alar bristle distinct, almost one third as long as posterior one; 4 pairs of postsutural dorso-centrals present; sterno- pleural bristles in an almost equilateral triangle. Abdomen slender, sub- cylindrical; basal segment distinct but short; hypopygium small, the ven- tral recurved processes chitinised, last ventral segment with a deep V-shaped central incision. Legs slender, strongly bristled; claws and pulvilli subequal in length. Sixth vein of wings complete, seventh extend- ing almost to margin. } Neochirosia setiger sp. n—Male and female: length 5 mm.; black, cov- ered with slight but distinct pruinescence. Head with distinct silky yel- lowish white pile; palpi black; antenne black. Thorax not vittate, slightly shining. Abdomen colored as thorax, without distinct markings. Legs black, tibie and tarsi yellowish testaceous. Squamz gray. Halteres yel- low. Wings slightly brownish, especially anteriorly. Orbits exceeding anterior margin of eye about as far as width of third antennal joint; cheek about half as high as eye, the latter almost exactly circular in outline. Acrostichals 2-rowed; scutellum with a very long pair April,1917_ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 37 of bristles situated on disc beyond middle, a smaller pair proximad otf these, and a very small pair at apex. Fore tibie with 2 bristles, one on the posterior surface near middle and another on anterior surface nearer to apex; mid tibiz with 5 bristles, 2 on anterior, 2 on posterior, and 1 on antero-ventral surface, the upper bristles weakest; hind tibiz with 6 bris- tles, I antero-ventral, 1 anterior, 2 antero-dorsal, and 2 postero-dorsal. Type locality, White Heath, Ill, May 28 and 30, 1916. I found this species rather scarce amongst undergrowth in a wood along the bank of the Sangamon River. A NEW:GENUS AND SPECIES OF ANTHOMYIIDE (DIPTERA). By J. R. Mattocy, Urbana, III. The genus described herewith is readily separated from any other in the family except Proboscimyia and Dolichoglossa by the remarkably slender, elongate proboscis. . The genus Proboscimyia was described by Bigot in 1883.* In 18857 he redescribed, or rather more fully described, the same genus and species, altering the generic name to Proboscidomyia, ,the correct form, in my opinion. I retain the original form of the name. In neither description is there any mention made of the character of hairing of the arista, but as the genus is compared with Anthomyia we may assume that it was either short-haired or pubescent. In 1897 Stein described Dolichoglossat and compared it with Hammomyia and Hylephila. No mention is made of Pro- boscumyia, and judging from the descriptions of the two genera I consider that there is but little doubt they are synonymous. The present genus differs from the foregoing in having the arista extremely long-haired. The species differs also in having the legs yellow. Neohylemyia gen. nov. Male—Eyes narrowly separated; frons slightly protruded anteriorly; antenne as in Hylemyia; arista globose at base, very * Bull. Ent. Soc. France, p. xxx. + Ann. Ent. Soc. France, p: 266. t Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. 42, p. 230. 38 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII long plumed above and below; face protruded well beyond eyes, cheeks broad; palpi slender, directed forward, very slender; proboscis much elongated, its length equal to that of thorax. Thorax with three post- sutural dorso-centrals, three sternoplurals; under surface of scutellum with a few weak hairs. Fourth ventral segment of abdomen cleft almost to base. Hind tibiae with preapical dorsal bristle. Sixth vein of wing complete; third and fourth veins subparallel, the former bare at base. Calyptre subequal. ; Type, Neohylemyia proboscidalis sp. n. Neohylemyia proboscidalis sp. n. Male.—Black, slightly shining. Hea brown, frontal stripe opaque black-brown; orbits deep brown; when viewed from the side the orbits appear deep brown as far down as middle of third antennal joint, the lower portion, cheeks, and face being whitish pruinose; antenne black; proboscis brown; palpi. yellowish. Dorsum of thorax black-brown, slightly pruinose, indistinctly vittate; lateral margins and humeri distinctly gray pruinose; scutellum as disk of thorax. Abdomen dark brown, the surface with dense grayish pruinescence, and a median longitudinal black stripe which is rather irregular in outline. Legs yellow, fore femora slightly darkened above, tarsi fuscous. Wings clear, veins yellowish. Calyptre whitish. Halteres yellow. Eyes narrowly separated, frontal stripe complete, but very narrow on upper half; third antennal joint over three times as long as broad; basal joint of arista short! and stout, extreme basal portion of terminal section much swollen, rays on base of arista about two thirds as long as arista; cheek twice as high as width of third antennal joint and one and a half times as high as length of facial orbits beyond eye when seen in profile; proboscis geniculated beyond insertion of palpi, entire length equal to that of thorax. Presutural acrostichals irregularly 2-rowed, slender and of moderate length. Abdomen subcylindrical; apices of segments with strong bristles on dorsum. Legs slender; fore tibiz with two or three bristles on posterior surface, and a series of setule on apical third of antero-dorsal surface; mid femora with two or three long bristles on basal third of ventral surface and three or four shorter and stouter bristles on median third of antero-ventral surface; mid tibiz with four bristles—two posterior, one postero-dorsal, and one antero-dorsal; hind femora with a complete series of strong bristles from base to apex on antero-ventral sur- face; hind tibiz with six or seven bristles—two or three antero-ventral, two antero-dorsal, and two postero-dorsal, the first mentioned lowest in position, the last stronger than the others; claws and pulvilli long. Costal spine short’; outer cross-vein bent. Length 6 mm. Type, Quincy, IIL, taken on sand-bar in Mississippi River (C. A. Hart). The species has much the appearance of a small Hylemyia, but the proboscis is very much longer and more slender than in that genus. ase April,1917_ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 39 NOTES ON A FEW EUCNEMIDA AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW ELATERIDAE. By Cuas. SCHAEFFER, Brooklyn, N. Y. Family Eucnemide, Microrrhagus oblitus Bonv.—Dr. Horn in his “ Monograph of the species of the families Eucnemide, etc.” in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XII, p. 34, says that this species is un- known to him and remarks that it apparently more closely re- sembles subsinuatus than any other of our species. The last named has the pronotum without anti-scutellar carina and the median line impressed posteriorly while oblita has a distinct ante- scutellar carina and no median impressed line. Of the former species I have two specimens and of the latter three specimens which answer the descriptions very well. Specimens collected by Mr. Shoemaker in Maryland and Virginia, however, show that these two characters are not constant. Some specimens have the prothorax distinctly impressed posteriorly and a distinct ante- scutellar carina, in others the carina is represented by a smooth, short line, which sometimes is slightly elevated behind; the im- pressed line may be distinct, faint or absent. The two species otherwise agree so closely that I have scarcely a doubt that they are one variable species. Microrrhagus imperfectus Lee—tThis species is said to re- semble subsinuatus from which it is distinguished by the form of the posterior supplementary and the juxta-sultural carina. A single specimen, which I refer somewhat doubtfully to this species, has the outer carina of the juxta-sutural sulcus very distinctly obliterated behind but the posterior supplementary carina is not short but extends nearly to the middle. The length of the pos- terior and often the anterior supplementary carina is variable as a moderately large series will show and if no other characters are present to separate imperfectus from oblitus and subsinuatus the two last become synonyms of imperfectus. The same variation in the characters mentioned above are no- ticed in my four specimens of audax, but this species has a dif- ferently formed and more coarsely punctured prothorax than the _above named species. ‘The variation or rather abbreviation of 40 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII the outer carina of the juxta-sutural sulcus is mentioned by Dr. Horn in bonvouloirt. Of this species I have two specimens which have this carina distinctly and somewhat suddenly obliterated be- hind, not differing otherwise from a specimen with entire carina. Family Elateride.—Drasterius thoracicus n. sp. Moderately elongate; finely pubescent; color reddish brown, antenne and legs paler; markings as in dorsalis (elegans)* and amabilis. Head black, moderately closely and not coarsely punctate. Antenne note quite as long as head and pro- thorax. Prothorax about as long as wide; sides moderately arcuate in front; hind angles rather long and acute, not divergent and with an acute carina; surface moderately coarsely punctate, punctures well separated. Elytra about twice as long as prothorax; sides narrowed in front and behind; striz distinctly impressed and with moderate punctures; intervals sparsely, somewhat granulately punctate. Prosternum rather sparsely punc- tate at middle, punctures coarser at sides and near base; side pieces more coarsely punctate than prosternum; the first four ventral segments not densely punctate, the punctures at sides coarser than at middle; last ventral segments rather densely punctate. Penultimate tarsal joint scarcely lobed beneath. Length 5 mm. Southern Illinois. One specimen of this peculiar little species in the collection of the late Ottomar Dietz. It is readily distinguished from any of our species by having the sides of the elytra narrowed in front and behind, which gives the prothorax the appearance of being wider than the elythra though the prothorax is not wider than the elytra a little above middle. Drasterius subornatus n. sp. Rufo-testaceous; antennz, legs and palpi paler; elytra with a rather indistinct postscutellar darker cloud and a more or less undulated subapical black fascia; pronotum with a faint apical darker cloud, which is absent’ in some specimens. Pubescence grayish white and a little longer than in dorsalis. Head moderately coarsely, not densely punctate; antenne a little longer than the head and prothorax, third joint a little longer than second and both slightly longer than fourth. Prothorax a little longer than wide; sides feebly arcuate, almost parallel behind; basal angles slightly divergent and carinate; punctuation moder- ately coarse and not very close, punctures nearly equal over the entire sur- face. Scutellum flat. Elytra about twice as long as prothorax; sides feebly arcuate; apices conjointly rounded; striz at base scarcely impressed, punctures moderate; intervals flat and finely, sparsely punctate. Under- side rather coarsely punctate, the first few abdominal segments more finely * According to Champion, Biol. Cent. Am. Col., Vol. III, pt. 1, p. 365 (footnote), Say’s dorsalis is wrongly placed as synonym of elegans. The latter is West Indian and distinct from the North American species. April,1917_ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 41- punctate, the punctures gradually becoming smaller’towards apex. Fourth tarsal joint scarcely excavate above. Length5.25mm. Brownsville, Texas. The twenty-five specimens before me show very little varia- tion, some specimens have the prothorax unicolorous, others have a faint, dark, apical cloud This species differs from dorsalis, besides the different markings, in being smaller, the punctuation of prothorax a little more dense and the surface more depressed ; the last mentioned characters separate it also from amabilis, which, however, has the fourth tarsal joints rather more deeply excavated above than subornatus and dorsalis. From livens, which is also more depressed than dorsalis and amabilis, it differs besides other characters, in having a stronger punctuation of pro- thorax and elytral striz. Drasterius (Aeolus) nigriventris n. sp. Moderately elongate, rufo-testa- ceous, antenne, palpi and legs paler; underside, except at sides, head, a broad median line on prothorax and sides more or less black; scutellum and suture near the latter a broad, oblique blotch, starting from humeri to about! the second or third stria and a broad, subapical, undulated fascia, also black. Pubescence sparse and fine. Head rather coarsely punctate; antenne nearly as long as head and prothorax, third joint a little longer than second, both together longer than fourth. Prothorax slightly longer than wide; sides slightly arcuate and feebly narrowing towards apex, hind angles feebly divergent and acutely carinate, carina moderately long, occu- pying nearly basal third; surface coarsely and moderately closely punctate at sides, the punctures finer at the middle. Elytra about twice as long as prothorax, sides arcuately narrowing from a little below middle, apex conjointly roundéd; striz moderately impressed, punctures of the first few strie rather small and not closely placed, becoming larger and closer at sides; intervals flat, sparsely and finely punctate. Prosternum, metaster- num and the first few ventral segments at sides coarsely punctate, the latter more finely punctate at middle. Fourth joint of tarsi slightly exca- vate above. Length 6 mm. Brownsville, Texas. This species resembles superficially amabilis but has a larger and anteriorly less narrowed prothorax, less divergent hind angles with longer carina and sides more or less piceous; the underside, except at sides and apex is piceous or black.’ It seems to be allied to the Mexican pulchellus Caud. but that species has the carina of the hind angles about half of the length of the latter. Drasterius (Aeolus) scutellatus n. sp. Similar in color and markings to dorsalis Say, but of slightly narrower form. Head rather coarsely and moderately closely punctate; antenne about as long as head and pro- ~ 42 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII thorax, second and third joints together longer than fourth. Prothorax about as long as wide; sides moderately arcuate, gradually narrowing towards apex, hind angles slightly divergent with a moderately long, acute carina; surface rather coarsely and not very closely punctate, pubescence rather short and sparse. Scutellum conically raised in front. Elytra nearly twice as long as prothorax; sides scarcely arcuately to a little be- yond middle thence rather more arcuately to narrowing towards the con- jointly rounded apices; striz distinctly impressed and with close, moderate coarse punctures which are coarser towards the sides; intervals feebly convex, sparsely and rather finely punctate; surface sparsely clothed with short, gray hairs. Prosternum rather coarsely but not densely punctate, the punctures finer near apex; side pieces more densely punctate. Abdom- inal segments one to four, not densely punctate, the punctures coarser at sides than at middle, last segment finely and densely punctate towards apex. Fourth tarsal joint slightly excavated above. Length 7 (type)-5.5 mm. Brownsville, Texas. This species differs from all our known N. Am. species in the conical raised scutellum. Small specimens resemble amabilis in form more than dorsalis but, besides the different form of scutel- lum, have longer carine of the hind angles of prothorax and coarser elytral striz. It is evidently closely allied to the Mexican circumscriptus Champ. with which the description and figure agrees-very well, except that the interstices are said to be roughly punctured in that species, which are in scutellatus rather finely punctured. Megapenthes nigriceps Schaef—In the material collected in Brownsville, Texas, by the late Ottomar Dietz I found a female of this species, which I described from a single male collected by myself. This female has the head not piceous or black but dark ferruginous behind and paler in front, otherwise it does not differ ‘from the male except, as usual, in stouter form, shorter anten- ies, Sine: Betarmon californicus n. sp. Antenne, head, legs and underside, except side pieces of prosternum, base of elytra and a rather broad, but indefinite sutural stripe black or piceous; pronotum and side pieces of prosternum yellowish ferruginous and sides of elytra pale yellowish brown. Surface sparsely pubescent with short yellowish hairs. Head rather coarsely and densely punctate, front distinctly margined and arcuate. Prothorax slightly longer than wide; sides gradually converging from base of hind angles to a little above middle, then arcuately narrowing to apex; hind angles rather feebly diverging and not carinate; surface closely punctate with moder- ately coarse punctures. Elytra a little more than twice as long as pro- April,1917_ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 48 thorax, scarcely wider at base than prothorax a little above hind angles, gradually widening towards a little beyond middle, thence arcuately nar- rowing to apex, apices subtruncate; strie scarcely impressed and with moderate, close, somewhat elongate punctures; intervals rather sparsely punctate and more or less transversely rugose. Prosternum shining, coarsely and closely punctate, side pieces rather dull and more densely. punctate, with smaller punctures than at middle. Metasternum and abdo- men not densely punctiate with moderate punctures; coxal plates rather suddenly dilated inwards with the exterior angle rounded. ‘Tarsi simple. Length 7 mm. Tulare Co., California. This species, a single male, was in the material received by the late Ottomar Dietz from the above named locality and I am under the impression that I have seen other specimens of this species showing variation in the coloration of elytra, being either entirely piceous or with the dark sutural stripe narrower and the sides paler than in the type specimen. ; B. bigeminatus Rand. our only other species differs from the above described species, besides coloration, in having distinctly and rather sharply carinated hind angles and shorter antennal joints. Both species, bigeminatus and califormicus are not typical Betarmon. ‘The third tarsal joint in the type species of the genus, the European B. ferrugineus, has the fourth tarsal joint very small, and the third dilated and with a small lobe, while in our species the tarsi are simple. In Genera Insectorum, Coleoptera, family Elateride. . Otto Schwarz failed to list our Betarmon bigeminatus. Oxygonus montanus n. sp. Form elongate, head and prothorax black, elytra blackish brown, first joint of antenne and legs reddish. Head mod- erately coarsely and not densely punctate. Antenne nearly as long as the head and prothorax, joint two shorter than third, fourth a little shorter than third and slightly longer than wide at apex, joints four to ten, about _as long as wide and feebly serrate, joint eleven elongate oval and a little longer than the tenth. Prothorax about as long as wide, feebly narrowing towards apex, sides scarcely arcuate, hind angles acutely prolonged, mod- erately divergent and not carinate; surface with moderate and well sepa- rated punctures, which are a little coarser toward apex and finer near base; pubescence grayish white and longer than on elytra. Elytra as wide at base as the thorax; sides feebly arcuate and nearly parallel, narrowed and conjointly rounded near apex; surface with moderately impressed and not coarsely punctured striz; intervals rather flat and not densely but confusedly punctate, covered rather sparsely with short grayish white hairs. Metasternum and abdomen rather finely, not densely punctate and 44 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII covered with short grayish white hairs. Length 8.25 mm. Catskill Mts., Wister: Cor NG: I have seen two specimens of this interesting little species, col- lected by Mr. Ernest Shoemaker, one of which he allowed me to retain for the Museum collection. This species differs from obesus by its narrower and more elongate form, differently formed prothorax, relatively longer third antennal joint and lateral margin of elytra scarcely at all reflexed. It seems to be similar in form to the Californian ater, but that species is black, including legs, has the prothorax coarsely punctate with hind angles carinate, elytral intervals biseriately punctured and the body beneath deeply punctured. A Vear of Costa Rican Natural History. By AMELIA SMITH . CALVERT, Sometime Fellow in Biology, Bryn Mawr College, and PuHitip PowrELt Catvert, Professor of Zoology, Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, Editor of Entomological News. With Maps and Illustrations. New York: The Macmillan Com- pany. I9Q17. The topography of this paper is all that may be desired and there are 577 pages, 141 plates and figures and a full-page frontispiece in color, also a general map of the country. A greater interest is continually being taken in foreign countries by the tourist, the naturalist and the business man. Increased and more com- fortable facilities for travel, in addition to speed, make such countries far more attainable. More persons at present are taking an interest in nature and the ordinary work of travel frequently gives scant treatment to the plants, mammals, birds, reptiles and insects of the country visited. While the present work gives ample description of the geography, topography, geology and climate, the greater part of the book is devoted to the living forms of life. It particularly treats of the insects and plants. The dragon- flies, among the insects, receive the largest share of attention as one of the authors is an authority on these insects and many new facts were obtained as to their distribution, habits and life history. The whole work well repays perusal but there are some specially interesting chapters for the student of nature, among these being “ Juan Vinas—The Waterfalls,” in which valuable and new observations are made on the dragonfly, Thau- matoneura. Fascinating descriptions are given of the ascent of the vol- canoes Irazu and Poas. A thrilling chapter is entitled “ Carthago Deleta Est” and must be read April,1917_ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 45 to be appreciated. The authors are to be congratulated that they were able to return alive and write the book. There are graphic accounts of the towns visited and descriptions of the people, their homes, government and fiestas. The illustrations are excellent and are nearly all from photo- graphs taken by the authors. The appendices are very valuable to the stu- dent’ and show painstaking work in their compilation. They include the authors’ itinerary, with notes on weather in places other than Cartago, Cartago weather records for a year, papers based in whole or in part on the collections made by the authors in Costa Rica, a list of selected litera- ture relating chiefly to the natural history of Costa Rica, exclusive of that cited in appendix III, systematic list of plants and animals mentioned and a full index. This book shows extreme care in its preparation and is replete with valuable information on all the lines of which it treats. It will take high rank among the works of a.similar character and will be most useful to the traveller or student of nature who visits that country in the future and will prove interesting reading to all those persons who would like to see the country but failing in that will appreciate such an excellent description of a large part of it. lal. (Si. PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Meeting of October 12, 1916—Ten members and four visitors were present. Dr. Felix Metzner was elected to membership. The death of Mr. C. H. Roberts, a charter member of the Society and its Treasurer for 31 years was announced by the President, as well as that of Mr. L. H. Joutel, also a member for many years. The scientific programme was a symposium on the collecting experiences of the past summer. Mr. Davis exhibited Balaninus proboscideus Fab., B. baculi Chitt., B. rectus Say, B. nasicus Say, and the Cicadas Tibicen say, and Tibicen auletes Germ., all from Rockaway Beach, on September 17. Many dragon flies were found cast ashore, among them the powerful flier Apiaeschna heros Fabr., found drowned. September 21, at Long Beach, two Cicindela dorsalis were taken, a late date for this insect, usual in July. Catopsiha eubule was taken flying rapidly in an easterly direction. Mr. Bueno showed three specimens of Stachyocnemus apicalis taken on October 8 in a sand pit, and six Fitchia aptera, all wingless, found under a board. He had found collecting poor about White Plains in the past summer. Mr. Dow reported Cincindecla lepida in countless numbers at Lahaway, N. J. Mr. Geo. Franck collected on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, without result. Mr. Ballou reported a variety of Trichius re- ceived from Mr. Loding, from Beaufort, N. C. Mr. Engelhardt referred to his experiences on a trip to the Pacific Coast. 46 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI Dr. Forbes mentioned a species of Alcis (Hesperumia) sulfuraria from Peru, N. Y., near Plattsburg. Smerinthus cerisyi came to light and Syneda allent was locally common. Mr. Funaro reported Cregya vetusta from Rosedale, July 30. Mr. Weeks reported Vanessa j-album at Yaphank. Mr. Olsen showed a col- lection of local species of Podisus including types of his new species, Podisus fretus. : Meeting of November 16.—Fifteen members and one visitor present. Long Island records—Mr. Schott reported Meadorus lateralis from Wyan- danch, September 17. Mr. Davis reported Cicindela marginata from Orient, L. I., August 15, taken by Mr. Roy Latham, reported from two other localities on the north shore of the island, Northport and Wading River. Mr. Doll reported Scopelosoma devia common on Long Island. The scientific programme was Mr. G. P. Englehardt’s account of his visit to the Grand Canyon of Arizona, between June 6 and 10. After an illuminating description of the natural features he noted as interesting captures in the canyon of Cicindela arizone, rather common along a small stream on the Bright Angel trail; Zopherus gracilis, Heterina vul- nerata, abundant in Indian Garden, as well as Notonecta mexicana; Memythrus cupressi was found on willow, in the same place, and the larve of Megathymus sp. was found boring in agave. Sphinx coloradus came to light at the top of the Canyon. Meeting of December 14.—Twelve members and one visitor present. Mr. Chas. A. Ballou was elected a member. Long Island Records: Mr. Schott reported Tornos scolopacinarius from Flatbush, April 16, and Mr. Doll reported that Mr. J. C. Wright had the larve from Long Island. From the same locality, Mr. Schott also reported Elater vitiosus, not heretofore reported either from Long Island or New Jersey. Mr. Olsen, for Mr. Shott, reported Aradus uniformis from Wad- ing River, May 30, 1915, and A. acutus from Wyandanch, June 16; JA. duzeei from Nepera Park, above Yonkers, was also shown, taken May 21, 1916. Under scientific programme Mr. Bueno spoke on the New York Scolopostethi, a Lygaeid genus, and showed the species likely to be found on Long Island, Scolopostethus atlanticus, S. affinis and S. thomson, affinis being taken in large numbers at the roots of bunch grass. The members of this genus in general appear to be dwellers in swales or marshes, or near them. Mr. G P. Engelhardt spoke on his collecting experiences under the head “ Notes from Southern California.” He told of the beauti- ful things of nature he had seen in his excursions in California. Only a few of the insects taken were shown, the others not yet being ready. He commented on the great abundance of some of the butterflies, 7. e., Pyrameis carye, Lemonias virgulti, Coenonympha californica and Lycaena exilis. Equally abundant also were Pieris rape and Thecla melinus, the April,1917_ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 47 — first finding a suitable food plant in a wild mustard that grows in dense thickets to a height of ten feet or more and the latter on beans so exten- sively cultivated in southern California. Very common among the moths were Apantesis proxima var. autholea and Ctenucha brunnea. Many in- teresting forms of Noctuide and Geometride were shown. Cychrus pyrsolepis Lec. in vol. XI, p. 90, and in Index should read Adelocera pyrsolepis Lec. Sphinx chersis in vol. XL, p. 91, read “rarely taken of Long Island.” Cicindela strigosa, vol. XI, p. 92, and in Index: Read “ Cicindela striga, captured by Jacob Doll, specimen now in the Brooklyn Museum.” OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA FLORIDA Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells, and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla. WANTED.—No. Am, Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus ; will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass. THE UNDERSIGNED will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey.—Harry B. Weiss, 242 Raritan Ave., New Brunswick, N. J. ' FINE SPECIMENS of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, col- lected at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North American Lepidoptera——Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadel- phia, Pa. I COLLECT for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price list of nearly 1,000 species Coleoptera in Henshaw Nos. A. H. Manee, Southern Pines, N. C. WANTED.—North American Orthoptera from localities which are little known or in which but little collecting has been done. Material from the mountainous regions of the West particularly desired. M. Hebard, Acad- -emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. WANTED.—Sphingide from any part of the world. Will purchase or exchange. B. Preston Clark, 55 Kilby St., Room 35, Boston, Mass. WANTED for cash or exchange.—Silphide and Lucanide from all localities in North America. J. W. Angell, 532 Wales Ave., New York City. FOR SALE at low prices—A large number of species of Colombian Lepidoptera, perfect and seconds. Also Canadian species. H. SreBarrsiis 81 Robert St., Toronto, Can. WANTED for cash—Ova of Catocale with or without parent moth. Address George J. Keller, 191 Avon Ave., Newark, N. J. Colombia, S. A., Coleoptera on pins: Isalid modestus 50 c.; freudt 50; Golopha eacus 3 30, 2 20; Antich. lucida 20; Heterog. schornherri 3 25, @ 15; postage 15 c—Remittance with order. W. Reiff, 366 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, Mass. 48 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI WANTED—Imagos of Saperda candida, Pholus pandorus, all stages of Macrodactylus subspinosus except imagos, and other material of eco- nomic importance. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y. WANTED.—AIll kinds of material for Life Histories. Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, etc., etc. Herman H. Brehme, 74 13th Avenue, Newark, N. J. WILL EXCHANGE local butterflies for other Lepidoptera. Fred King, 1588 Crites St., Los Angeles, Cal. WANTED.—Lintner’s Injurious Insects, 1886 and 1887 (Rep. 3 and 4). N. Y. Park Rep. 1873-1806. Jour. Appl. Microscopy, 19. Monthly Bul. - Calif. Com. Hort., 1819; I15; IV. Send stamp for list of publications for sale or exchange. Philip Dowell, Port Richmond, N. Y. BARGAIN.—Splendid collection of Lepidoptera (about 1,500 speci- mens), from all parts of the world; mostly in Denton’s patent tablets; oak case; suitable gift for school, institution or collector ; $150, value $500. —Wimer, City Court, 32 Chambers St., New York City. BvD,VKuffi.. cmfwyp shrdlu vbgkqj cmfwyp xzfififffi vbgkqj zfflfffipp WANTED.—Papers published since 1894 and containing references to American Coleoptera, by Bernhauer, Grouvelle, Lesne, Leveille, Lewis, Pic, Otto Schwarz, Wasmann or other foreign authors. Will pay cash or give in exchange papers by American authors that I have in duplicate. C. W. Leng, No. 33 Murray St., New York City. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Sent postpaid on receipt of price by Archibald C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park Place, Brooklyn. THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol- ogy, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y., and other dealers. Cloth bound 's teed oS eS oe a owe oie shes Sales wie tale ree 2.00 BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vols. 1, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $2.50 each. Vols. 4°to7for sale vat, per vole oo. laa. doesn s ceebe eee eee 1.25 Volume 8 of the Bulletin (7 nos.) for sale at.................. 1.40 Volumes 9, 10 and 11 of the Bulletin (5 nos.) for sale, each, at.... 1.00 ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 gach 2.00 PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vol. 1 and 4, each ........ 2.00 Vols. 2 and 3 wanted at $3 each. SCHAUPP, Synopsis of the Cicindelide, 5 col. plates ........... T.00 OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ .50 WHER Checldtistsot the Eliemipterall yas sneos sco ao eeeeeeeee 25 Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio and Bullena wanted at full prices. THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185 Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1916 President W. T. BATHER Vice-President WILLIAM T. DAVIS Corresponding Secretary R. P. DOW Recording Secretary J. R. pE ta TORRE-BUENO Treasurer C. E. OLSEN Librarian ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS Curator GEORGE FRANCK Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences CHARLES E. SLEIGHT Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in October, December, February, April and June of each year Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.05, in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica- tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento- mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address subscriptions and all communications to R. P. DOW, Editor, 15 Broad Street, New York City. 84-102 College Ave. Entomological supplies of every description, incl ling only genuine hand made Our cone ee No. 30 will be sent ‘Hiceghe el C me i Entomological Specimens of all orders from alee, Pate, C world. Type or yoke collections of sees hon Baa Collections of beneficial and injurious insects ; Coll Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; : als a a illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism a. If interested write for the following circulars: : Dv 116 Biological Material for Dissection, _ je 125 Life Histories of Economic Insects, = 128 List of Living Pupae, — 129 Exotic Lepidoptera, y 130 North American Menidenteran 131 Exotic Coleoptera, 132 North American Coleoptera, | 143 Type Collections, also Collections - ill istrating beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mim ry ead Seog aaa aparuigie and Ree i: Panantis} be sent on receipt of 2 cents. JUNE, 1917 No. 3 BULLETIN _ BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL - __ SOCIETY NEW SERIES _ eo pe aay PUBLICATION COMMITTEE ~ yw ae CHARLES SCHAEFFER; te uh Chairman _ §. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P, DOW; Advertising Manager Editor Published by the Society Price: 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues) CONTENTS NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MONATHIA, Drake ....... 49 SYNOPSIS OF DASYLLIS, Banks beeen eee nent eee eset eee enes 52 NEARCTIC SPECIES OF LEPTOYPHA AND LEPTOSTYLA, MICARE Oren rs CE Ni Nivd crcioc tk alc a'd's Sa teols Cpe suet iats ofy Cust ot One eran 55° STUDIES IN-THE-OLD TESTAMENT; Dow... cca. s eee 64 SPECIES OF DICTYOPHORA NORTH OF MEXICO, Gibson... 69 eS re eee Mee ia een Tee OE Nas eee ee CS Nee ER a ere ee ee FEE Ty LE Se ge Ne I RT NE EEF eM TD ee ee. SE ee Pony PS OE OE ee “ngonlan Ine A wl Instip \ ff Sen’ vor ™% Pi OLE iN JUL 21 jo%9" OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XII JUNE, 1917 No. A Gy THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MONANTHIA (TINGIDZ). By Cart J. DRAKE, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The genus Monanthia, established by Lepelletier et Serville in Encyclopedie Methodique, X, p. 653, 1825, is represented in North America by three species. The two tropical or semi- tropical species, /. monotropida Stal and M. c-nigrum Champion, are well characterized and illustrated by Champion in the Biologia Centrali-Americana (Rhynch., Vol. II, 1898) and the only Nearc- tic species, M. lJabeculata, was described by Uhler in North American Fauna, No. 7, 1893. Two new forms are added here- in, one from Texas and the other from Colorado. J am indebted to Mr. Edmund Gibson, National Museum, Washington, D. C., who has very kindly sent me the description of VM. ehrethie to be included in this paper. Key To THE North AMERICAN SPECIES OF MoNANTHIA. 1. Pronotal margins very broadly expanded, contiguous with the median CAUTION, ALG dis noe Din route br Ber Gr CEA CRED Eich Nehot AiR ee ee eee hat 2) Pronotalemarcimsmiotsomprocdalya expanded ace rcs crse achlse ec: 4. 2. Head armed with five long spines; pronotum with the center of each lobe strongly raised, ear-shaped; elytra with the posterior portion of the outer nervure closing discoidal area very strongly curved, form- ial? gy Colo nveGl MOEA 5 sd oocd cade uo dena ne M. ehrethiz Gibson, n. sp. Head armed with three very short spines; pronotal lobes and the outer nervure closing discoidal area with no indication of the above struc- UT Smee eee Sey ee ra ieeN MeL enL oueme Neto cotouar acute siisi stale ioeubea aitelladelieneite stele! evarterte ce Be 3. Rather small insects, about’ 3 mm. long; costal area of the elytra uni- Seriatey the areolenvery smalls. jee oh... . sas M. labeculata Uhler, 50 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII Larger insects, 3.5 mm. long; costal area uniseriate, but the areole very mochi laroer es ig. te aya ee oe oS aoe M. coloradensis n. sp. 4. Lateral margins of the pronotum rather broad, occupying about two fifths of the entire width; elytra with the posterior portion of the outer nervure closing discoidal area very strongly curved, forming a c=shaped marie ica ead ce hate oid Rees M. c-nigrum Champion. Lateral margins of the pronotum very narrow, mostly uniseriate; the posterior portion of the outer nervure closing discoidal area not so Strona ly ermyed nets nin ceca cee da eee M. monotropida Stal. Monanthia ehrethie Gibson, sp. nov.—General form of M. c-nigrum Champion, but readily distinguished from it by the much larger lobes of the pronotum and the irregularity of the areole along the costal margin of the elytra. Head broad, armed with five long prominent spines, three frontal and two adpressed spines (the later spines arise near the base of the head and extend forward near the eyes). Antenne with the basal segment slightly longer than the second; fourth segment swollen and as long as the first and second taken together. Buccule prominent; rostrum reaching to middle coxe. Pronotum prominently lobate on each side, and coarsely reticulate in comparison to the reticulations of the corium; the center of each lobe raised, ear-shaped. Median carina extending the entire length of pronotum, on each side of which at the base is a short carina, diverg- ing. Elytra very finely reticulate, with posterior portion of the prominent nervure closing the discoidal area forming a c-shaped mark. Reticula- tions towards the apex of the elytra becoming larger. Areole large, one row along costal margin of elytra but which is interrupted occasionally by smaller areole bordering the costal margin. A single row of large areole also bordering inner margin of membrane. Size: 2.7-3 mm. long; width of pronotum, I mm. Color.—Head black, with spines whitish; first two and fourth segments of antenne dark, the third testaceous. Rostrum testaceous, tinged with black at apex. Lobes of pronotum pale brown, darker on raised portions. Elytra ferrugineous, with the c-shaped mark and borders of areole darker. Beneath piceous, rostral groove testaceous. Tibize and apex of femora testaceous. Described from three females and three males, collected by Mr. H. S. Barber in southern Texas from Ehrethia elliptica D. C. Besides these 25 other specimens have been examined which were collected by Messrs. Barber, C. H. T. Townsend, and E. A. Schwartz, at Brownsville and Victoria, Texas. Ehrethia elliptica is undoubtedly the food plant of this species as Mr. Barber has taken eggs and nymphs’as well as adults from it and has observed June, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 51 the injury to the leaves caused by the feeding of both nymphs and adults. Monanthia coloradensis sp. nov. (Fig. 1; b).—Form and color similar to that of M. labeculata Uhler, but considerably larger and more robust. Head short, with three blunt, very short, frontal spines. Buccule large, prominent, coarsely pitted, closed in front. Antenne: basal segment strongly swollen, slightly curved outwards; second segment-less swollen, slightly shorter than the first; third segment slenderest, nude, three times the length of the fourth; fourth segment swollen towards the apex, clothed with a few bristly hairs, longer than the first and second conjoined. Apex of rostrum concealed by the point upon which the insect is moynted. Pro- notum tricarinate, the median carina extending the entire length of the prothorax, the lateral basal carine low, short, and diverging posteriorly; lateral margins broad, contiguous with the median carina. Elytra a little longer than the abdomen, finely reticulate; costal area rather broad, uni- Fic. 1. a, Monanthia labeculata Uhler; b, M. coloradensis sp. nov. (Photo. by author.) seriate, the areole much larger than in labeculata; subcostal area finely reticulate, with five rows of areole at the widest part; discoidal area ex- tending slightly beyond the middle of the elytra, finely reticulate, with six rows of areole at the widest part, sutural area broad, the areole a little larger than in the discoidal area. Wings visible. Length, 3.5 mm.; width, 1.54 mm. Color—Pronotum and lateral margins and elytra testaceous, the nervures marked with brown and fuscous. Legs brown, the tips of tarsi fuscous. Antenne: first and second segments fuscous; third testaceous; fourth blackish. Head and abdomen beneath piceous. Rostral sulcus, buccule, anterior margin of pronotum, and posterior margin of the pro- and meta- thoracic pleure margined with dirty white. \ 52 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII Described from a female specimen, collected in Colorado. It can readily be separated from Jabeculata by its larger size and the much larger areole of costal area of the elytra; the two species, labeculata and coloradensis, are equally enlarged in the photographs. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS DASYLLIS (ASILIDZ). By Natuan Banks, Museum Comp. Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass. The species of Dasyllis are among the largest and most promi- nent of our Asilidz. In appearance they resemble bumble bees; in the north where there are red-haired species of Bombus there are also red-haired species of Dasyllis. Their habits and manner of flight are, however, very different from that of the bumble bees, and they cannot be considered as true mimics of Bombus, but rather as members of a Millerian association. Our species are fairly abundant and several undescribed, although I find by the collection in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy that Loew had manuscript names for most of the forms. The species are more numerous in the east, but there are a number in the west coast region, few however in the Rocky Mountain region. The genus is North American, a few occurring in Central America; it is an offshoot of the holarctic genus Laphria. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 1. Mystax gray; head, thorax, tip of abdomen, and legs with gray Waits tet variih has Apa Ae eel. Mae ae a Lo: a ee cinerea Back. Mystax largely black, at least many black hairs above ............ Dy, Mystax largely yellow; the black hairs, if any, mostly below ...... 6. 2 horaxpalliiackshainedit peer tee cnc eee ee semitecta Coq. Thorax.qwathypalethair aboveye: 3)... y.cees 4a dee @. 2) Elan brontronmtie alters amdyrhe) wanes) black seca 4. Hair in front of the halters’and the wines yellow, 2.00 eee 5. 4. Front and mid legs with yellow hair; no yellow hair on abdomen, affinis Macq. Front legs black haired; yellow hair on abdomen ..... macquartt n. sp. 5. Front and mid legs with much yellow hair; yellow hair on abdomen, sacrator Walk. June,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 53 10. II. 12. ng? 14. Ts 16. 170 18. 19. Little if any yellow hair on legs; frequently no yellow on abdomen, thoracica Fabr. . Hair in front of the halters wholly black; that in front of the wings also black; abdomen with yellow band near tip ........ Sackeni n. sp. Hair in front of the halters yellow, at least in upper part ........ The . Hair in front of the wings yellow, or with only a few black hairs.. 8. [Blake inn sakorane OF WAS imnnas IevroShy WiC goccuccdsoccgncdeuboouaac 12. . Abdomen with more or less red hair behind .......... .fernaldi Back. ANDCOMIGN WAINOBIE ieeel INehie Joobooccesdsouduocdb0voo onda eBan en 9. . Scutellum, as rest of body, with yellow hair ............ unicolor Will. Souitelllimaty blacks sina rec asever ete cers seta cists exer cesvene ear snes slots enero osetia healers 10. All tibie and tarsi red haired above; about apical half of abdomen SP CLONE? Scorers bie een ane ake eerie is RCS EAR ry nea ee te et partitor n. sp. NOs tibiseinonetaRsiene dy laireds \ evs. s55 ees ot ersus: cle e slarsicicier st ei cue oats mit, The yellow on abdomen near tip; western species ....californica n. sp. The yellow (if any) on abdomen mostly toward base; eastern species, “ grossa Fabr. Posterion part or thorax with) ned hath s.sssessssse se. o- IMsignis n. sp. INGE. sneal, lnesieateloyal MONE 6 Ganoeg cues code ocisiod Sno DU boOenS coe ee 13. Sceatellummpyellow: lained tacuse as ose ceo iene ne ene sche 14. Seutellmleblackea hatred ayy seas wae ee a ega raster agac) Grats crcl iitele eaten alee 15. Abdomen with yellow hair near tip .................0.-. divisor n. sp. Ancora Galn@lky IMEC ado ko bocoucedtonouotosoooedpooL flavicollis Say. Very large species; in male front’ and mid legs with very long yellow hair, and some yellow on hind femora above; wings very dark, lata Macq. Moderate size, wings paler, in male no yellow on hind femora .... 16. Wiestennmsmecresina.-s aeieidaet irae RNa co aidts Sey TORI NR ere ee 17. PASC MES ECIESE afc yaici. ahs cuscssar aera aenane Be eee 1S oss ew ei cle Severeteaotereloe hehe 18. Male with red hair on abdomen; female with hair in front of wings Lone ie peee PER OAS, foc sho PES M eee Oe RRM B ECs s Rye aevayi os, so Para ae ehrogs astur ©. S. Male without red on abdomen; female with yellow hair interspersed Vl TAS MBC Be WISE Oe Wildl sochecoucoocguooeuc colombia Walk. Now ehlowsliam one the abdomen qacsst sere 4 cs. dase es virginica Nn. SP. Wellowy laa Om wae Alovalommes coccccacnscogucsdooucuoacdasbucunDDE 10. Superior male appendages deeply excavate on the outer edge; yellow hair in female extends more to base of abdomen..champlaini Walt. Superior male appendages but little excavate on outer edge; in female yellow hair does not usually extend so far toward base, : posticatus Say. Dasyllis virginica n. sp—In general appearance similar to D. flavicollis, but the scutellum is without yellow hair; the basal abdominal segment is black haired on the sides, as are the other segments (in flavicollis there is some yellow/hair on sides of the basal segment) ; the body of the male is broader than usual in flavicollis, and the superior appendages are more blunt pointed. Length 18 mm. * 54 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII From Falls Church, Glencarlyn and Chain Bridge, Va., in June. - Dasyllis partitor n. sp—Head mostly yellow hair; thorax with yellow hair, shorter and more sparse in front; the scutellum black; yellow hair in front of the halters and in front of the wings; the apical half of the abdomen yellow haired, leaving only the small apical segment black; legs with some yellow or tawny hair on the basal parts, but! the apex of the tibiz and the tarsi with red hair above. Length 18 to 20 mm. From Princeton, British Columbia, July (Russell). Dasyllis sackeni n. sp—Black; the hair in front of the halters and in front of the wings is wholly black; head yellow haired except black on vertex behind; legs wholly black haired; thorax yellow haired above, scutellum black haired; abdomen black, but with a band of yellow just before tip, leaving the apical segment black. Superior appendages slightly excavate behind, lower edge deeply rounded. Length 15 to 17 mm. From Brookdale and Walnut Creek, Calif. (Davidson) ; and San Fran- cisco and Contra Costa, Calif. (Edwards). Dasyllis divisor n. sp—Closely resembles posticatus, but the scutellum is yellow haired; the yellow on the abdomen is confined more to the tip; and the abdomen is generally more slender than in posticatus. The same size. From Black Mts., Swannanoa River, N. C., May; and from Illinois and Pennsylvania. Dasyllis insignis n. sp—Black; clothed with black and much yellow hair, head with yellow hair, some black on the lower face; thorax with yellow hair above, but a band of red hair on the posterior part and on the scu- tellum ; hair in front of halters yellow; that in front of wing base mostly black; abdomen (except basal two segments) with yellow hair; legs, with front and mid coxe, and all of femora and tibie bearing some yellow hairs, but not dense anywhere. Superior male appendages broadly rounded below, outer side oblique, not excavated. Length 14 mm. From Labrador; the mss. name of Loew, who had given names to sev- eral of the species here described as new, as well as to champlaim and to cinerea. Dasyllis californica n. sp—Black; head yellow haired, except black on the lower part of face and a few black bristles on the vertex; thorax above yellow haired, scutellum with black hair, hair in front of halters and in front of wing base yellow; abdomen with two or three segments near the tip yellow haired; legs with some yellow hair on coxe, femora and tibiz of front pair, and on the middle tibie. In the male the abdomen is very slender, and the superior appendages plainly but evenly excavate on the outer edge. Length 18 mm. From Lake Tahoe, Calif. (Vachall) ; and a part of the type material of D. astur from Webber Lake, Yosemite, and Sierra Nevada, Calif. (H. Edwards). Dasyllis macquarti n. sp.—May be the species recorded by Macquart June,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 50 as the female of Mallophora analis. I have a male which agrees with his description. The head is black haired; the thorax yellow above; hair on scutellum, in front of the wings and in front of the halters is black; the legs black haired, except the middle tibiz are yellow haired on outer side; the abdomen has four basal segments yellow, rest black. The superior male appendages are similar to those of D. lata but more swollen below and the outer side only slightly excavate. Length-17 mm. From Texas. KEY TO THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF LEPTOYPHA AND LEPTOSTYLA (HETEROPTERA TINGID/®‘). By W. L. McATEE. _ The genera Leptoypha and Leptostyla, both of Stal, belong to that section of the Tingidz in which the rostral sulcus is closed in front and the discoidal and costal areas of the hemelytra, are rarely or never, coélevated, and to the smaller subdivision in which the rostral sulcus is not interrupted by a ridge between the meso- and metasterni. Leptoypha contains species in which the translucent lacy type of structure so characteristic of the fam- ily is greatly obscured except on membrane and on costa in the species that have it expanded; there is no pronotal hood. The first two joints of antenna are short and of about equal length, and the pronotum has a single prominent median ridge, the lat- eral ridges are traceable especially near apex of pronotal exten- sion. The species are very plainly colored, usually being light- brown, more or less dark mottled or pruinose, and with dark callosities. Leptostyla species on the other hand are distinctly lacy; a hood is present, the first antennal joint is three times (or more) as long as the second, and there are three high and thin pronotal carine. Some of the species of this genus have a dis- tinct color pattern. Key. TO THE SPECIES OF LEPTOYPHA.* .A. Costal margin explanate, reflexed, distinct for its whole length. B. Areoles of costal margin in a single series ............ minor n. sp. * Stal, ©, Enumeratio Hemipterorum, 3, 1873, p. 121. The name is fre- quently misspelled Leptophya. 56 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII BB. Areoles in more than one series at some part of the costal margin, C. Two series of areoles extending about as far as apex of pronotal EXPULSION “k\,. MGs ecm eaR eRe OPER ee ate chars ate costata Parshley. CC. Two series of areoles in all but the posterior fourth or less of the costalamatmetn <2. hcl eee ee at eee elliptica n. sp. AA. Costal margin not explanate, deflexed; subcostal area forming outer anterior margin of hemelytron. D. Length over 2% mm.; third joint of antenna nearly four times as long as basal joint, total length of antenna nearly I mm., mutica Say. DD, Length less than 2% mm.; third joint of antenna distinctly less than four times as long as basal joint; total length of antenna Jp feeraahaaled isis cy MMA tie Be aI kato brevicorms Champion. Leptoypha minor n. sp.—Length* (excluding antenne) 1.81-1.82 mm.; length of pronotum, I.05-1.08 mm., width, .72-.79 mm.; greatest width of elytra, .84 mm.; length of antennal joints: 1, .c99 mm.; 2, .13 mm.; 3, .39, mm. 3; 4, .23 mm. Form elliptical; antenne rather short and thick, upper surface coarsely punctured; punctures not arranged in definite rows except on wniseriate costal margin. Three short blunt spines on front and two straight ones from back of vertex along inner eye margins close to surface of head. — Median carina of pronotum distinct; lateral carinz obsolete. General color light reddish brown, more or less infuscated as follows: Apical joints of antenne; head black, vertex, inner orbits, and two closely applied spines with short silvery hairs; region of pronotal callosities ; faintly on disc of pronotum and an indistinct U-shaped mark (base for- ward) on posterior half of pronotum; an irregular band of irrorations across elytra through the posterior half of discoidal areas and another across membrane before apex. Spines on head, edge of rostral sulcus, collar and membrane distinctly lighter than ground color. Ventral surface deeply infuscated on pleure, mesosternum and most of venter. Legs light reddish brown; tarsi dark. Similar, to L. costata Parshley but much smaller. These two species have more extensive dark markings than is usual in the other species here treated. . L. minor is easily distinguished by its size, and by the posses- sion of distinct and reflexed though narrow costal margins, in all parts of which there is but a single series of areoles. Type-—A male from Siskiyou Co., California, collected in * Measurements taken with eyepiece micrometer with combination of - eye-pieces No. 1 and objectives A2 in Zeiss Binocular Microscope; magni- fication 20. June, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 57 August; allotype female with same data. Both in collection of U. S. National Museum. I am adopting Mr. Heidemann’s cabi- net name for this species. Leptoypha costata Parshley—Leptoypha costata Parshley,H.M. Psyche, 24, No. 1, February, 1917, pp. 16-17 (Marshall Hall, Md.) ; Leptoypha dis- tinguenda Heidemann, Otto. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 18, No. 4, Dec. 1916 (June 1917), Pl. 17, Fig. 1, p. 218 (Washington, D. C., Rock Creek, D. C., Marshall Hall, Md. Mt. Ver- non, Va.). , Length of a well-developed male specimen (excuding antenne), 2.83 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.38 mm.; width, 1.05 mm.; greatest width of eiytrar I.I mm.; length of antennal Sonne hy Bue) Bei Py, alld) oabaalys By csy/ mm.; 4, .23 mm. Form oblong elliptic, hemelytra expanded across discoidal areas and rather narrowed toward apex. Body surface coarsely punctured, the areoles not in definite rows except in costa and margin of membrane. Percurrent median and shorter lateral carine on pronotum distinct. Three short converging tubercles on front and two rather long curved spines from back of vertex reaching past middle of eyes. General color reddish brown, eyes black, cephalic spines pale. Region of pronotal callosities, indistinct clouding on remainder of pronotum and irrorations across discoidal, and central membranal areas of the elytra fuscous. Lower surface darker than upper; infuscated on pleure, pectus, and sides of abdomen. In pale specimens the collar, lateral margins of pronotum, apex of pronotal extension, and costa are distinctly lighter than the ground color. This species has a distinct, reflexed costal margin of moderate width in which there are two series of areoles from humerus nearly to point where greatest width of elytron is attained, and a single series for the remainder of the length. The lateral carine of pronotum are more conspicuous than usual, being readily traceable from point just back of callosities to pos- terior margin of pronotum. The only specimens thus far seen are those cited in connection with Mr. Heidemann’s description. Leptoypha elliptica n. os —Length of an average male uae (exclud- ing*antennz), 2.93 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.32 mm.; width, .92 mm.; greatest width of elytra 1.22 mm.; length of antennal varae: i, oll@) somo, § 2, .099 mm.; 3, .89 mm.; 4, .33 mm. Form Sy oaaiy elliptical ; hemelytra unusually expanded at middle, broadly rounded at apex. Body coarsely punctured; the areoles in regular rows only on costa and margin of hemelytra; median pronotal carina distinct; lateral ones barely traceable on pronotal extension. Three short but sharp, and convergent, almost fused spines on front of vertex, and two short, 58 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XTi sharp, not wholly decumbent, ones from back of vertex along inner mar- gins of eyes. General color stramineous to light reddish brown; eyes and callosities black; basal and apical joints or whole antennz infuscated; veinlets across discoidal region of hemelytra (especially on costa) and on membrane more or less embrowned. Head spines, margins of rostral sulcus, and collar paler than ground color. Spots on pleurz below callosities and mesoster- num darker than remainder of lower surface. ) This, the largest of the species here considered, has a very wide costal area in which there are two full series of large areoles from humerus to or nearly to the point where elytron begins to curve to form the apex. Several specimens, labelled simply Texas, in the National col- lection, of which a male is selected as type. Mr. Heidemann’s cabinet name is discreta. Leptoypha mutica Say.—T (ingis) mutica Say, Thomas. Descriptions of new species of Heteropterous Hemiptera of North America, New Har- mony, Indiana, December, 1831, p. 26; The complete writings of Thomas Say on the entomology of North America, Vol. 1, 1859, p. 349 (Indiana). Length of an average specimen (excluding antenne), 2.9 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.35 mm.; width, .98 mm.; greatest width of elytra, .99 mm.; length of antennal joints: 1, .13 mm.; 2, .099 mm.; 3, .49 mm.; 4, .23 mm. Form oblong, a little constricted across bases of elytra and somewhat narrowed behind. Surface coarsely punctured; areoles in subcostal area tending to be arranged in three series; a single series of large areoles on membranal margin, merging into the uniseriate costa which can be seen from above only to a point just short of widest part of hemelytra. Me- dian pronotal carina distinct, lateral ones traceable, if at all, only on pos- terior extension. Spines on front of vertex convergent, appearing almost fused, short, sometimes nearly obsolete, spines from back of vertex decum- bent along inner orbits, of variable length, sometimes reaching front of eyes. General color usually reddish brown, pruinose at various points, espe- cially on head and anterior part of thorax. Eyes dark, callosities black; veinlets infuscated about discoidal areas and on membrane. Cephalic spines, collar and disc of membrane paler. Some specimens are very prui- nose, even the antennz being covered, while others become very dark, sometimes almost black. The areas which most persistently remain light are collar, apex of pronotal extension, and areas at humeral and cuneal portions of elytra. Lower surface usually of uniform ground color except for pale rim of rostral sulcus, and scattered pruinosity. In L. mutica and L. brevicornis the costal area, according to the point of view, is obsolete or deflexed anteriorly. The species are therefore more June,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 59 slender and more nearly parallel-sided in appearance than others of the genus. Viewed from above the subcostal area forms the lateral margin of the hemelytra from humerus to a point just back of widest part. From the side or beneath, however, the deflexed costa can be seen and inspection of its surface reveals a uniseriate arrangement of the areoles. L. mutica has the third antennal joint nearly or quite four times as long as the basal joint. : This species, which varies greatly in color, being sometimes almost entirely black is very common in the vicinity of Washing- ton, D. C., on fringe-tree (Chionanthus virginica L.) and on various species of ash (Fraxvinus). It has been collected on the food plants from May to October, has been found hibernating among old leaves, and the nymphs have been seen from July to September. Other specimens seen show that the species occurs also in Nebraska, Wisconsin, Ohio, Ontario, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Mexas. Leptoypha brevicornis Champion.—Leptoypha brevicornis Champion, G. C. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heter- optera, Vol. 2, p. 32, December, 1897 (Omilteme in Guerrero, Mexico, 8,000 feet). Length (excluding antenna), 2.27 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.13 mm.; width, .82 mm.; greatest width of elytra, .89 mm.; length of antennal joints: I, .099 mm.; 2, .099 mm.; 3, .36 mm.; 4, .I9 mm. Form not so narrowly oblong as in L. mutica, the pronotum proportion- ally broader. Coarsely punctured, subcostal area largely triseriate; inner margin of membrane with a single series of large areoles which becomes two at apex and merges into the single series of costa which can be seen (from above) to a point just behind greatest elytral expansion. Cephalic spines as in L. mutica. Color stramineous to light reddish brown; eyes and callosities black; veinlets infuscated across discoidal areas and on membrane; pruinosity generally distributed. Under surface reddish brown, bucculz paler, pleural spots and mesosternum darker; more or less pruinose. L. brevicornis is smaller than L. mutica; the antenna is shorter and the third joint of antenna is distinctly less than four times as long as the first; a proportion which it nearly or quite attains in L. mutica. However, the two forms are very closely related and it may well prove that brevicornis is a southern and western subspecies of mutica. 60 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII From their perfect agreement with description and figute (BE 2, fig. 28) of L. brevicornis, two specimens collected in the Argus Mountains, California, April, 1891, by Albert Koebele are assigned to this species. Specimens collected by Mr. C. A. Hart at Brownsville, Texas, December 8, 1910, and November 21, IQII, also are referred here. Key To THE SpEcIES oF LEPTosTyLa.* A, Pronotum widest at about middle; paranota angulate....velifer n. sp. AA. Pronotum widest behind; paranota not angulate. B. Third joint of antenna shorter than pronotum; anterior third of costal margin with two series of about equal-sized areoles; elytraywidestunear base imeem. ee sere chtorieé Heidemann. BB. Third joint of antenna about as long as pronotum; anterior third of costal margin not with two series of equal-sized areoles; elytra widest near apex. C. Form narrower; elytra widest near apex; anterior third of costal margin with a single series of large rectangular areoles; cos- talecKOss=veinlets\lyalimenay esses cee ne eee oblonga Say. CC. Form broader; elytra about as wide across discoidal areas as at apex; anterior third of costal margin with an outer series of large areoles and an interdigitating inner series of small areoles; costal cross-veinlets dark, heidemanni Osborn & Drake. Leptostyla velifer n. sp—Length of an average specimen (excluding an- tennz and cephalic spines), 2.93 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.28 mm.; width, 1.22 mm.; greatest width of elytra, 1.32 mm.; length of antennal joints: I, .36 mm.; 2, .099 mm.; 3, 1.36 mm.; 4, .33 mm. Antenne long and slender; three long, diverging, sharp-pointed spines on head, underneath the median one of which are two shorter laterally converging spines. Paranota flaring, roundly angulate at middle, strongly reflexed, so that rounded posterior angle is almost vertical to surface of pronotum; four rows of areoles at widest point. Hood oblong, wider and higher behind; carine thin, high and distinct, the lateral ones, uniseriate and simply arched, the median one with a single series of large squarish areoles, the upper edge, higher in front, rounded at the ends and sinuate in middle. Costal area with large areoles in from two to three series; subcostal with the same number of series of smaller areoles; discoidal area with conspicuously raised margin. Color stramineous; basal and terminal joints of nie eyes, non- membranous parts of thorax, spots near apices of outer margins of dis- coidal areas, and under surface, except edges of rostral sulcus and legs, fuscous to black. Legs, intermediate antennal joints, edges of carine, etc., a few cross veinlets in costa and some in membrane testaceous. * Stal, Enum. Hemip., 3) 1873.) Dy 120: June,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 61 The angulate expansions of the pronotum and the comparatively large size of this species give it the aspect of a Gargaphia. However, it has the generic characters of Leptostyla. In this genus it needs to be compared particularly with L. elata Champion (Biol. Centr.-Amer. Heteroptera, 2, p. 16, 1897). It differs from that species in the greater development of the hood, the front declivity of which also is much steeper; in having 3 as the maximum and 2 as the minimum number of series of areoles in the costal margin, instead of 4 and 3 respectively, and in having less dark marking. From L. dilaticollis Champion (pp. 18-19), to which it is not so closely related, it differs in having 3 long, diverging, instead of 2 short, converg- ing spines on vertex; in the first antennal joint being more than 2% times as long as second; and in having the maximum number of series of areoles in the costal margin 3 instead of 4. First and last joints of antenna, base and spot near apex of discoidal area, a few veins in costal area and apical third of elytra fuscous to black; membranous parts of body hyaline, most of the veins testaceous; legs and intermediate antennal joints of same color. Numerous specimens obtained in Arizona in 1882 by H. K. Morrison, all in National Collection. A female type and male allotype have been selected. Both Uhler and Heidemann used the cabinet name velifica for this species. Ubhler also at one time called it Gargaphia reticulata. Leptostyla clitorie Heidemann.—Leptostyla clitorie Heidemann, Otto. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 13, No. 3, July-Sept., r911 (September 30, 1911), pp. 180-181, fig. 4 (Rock Creek, D. C., Washington, D. C., Plummers Island, Md., Columbus, Texas) ; Leptostyla costofasciata Drake, Carl J., Ohio Jour. of Sci., 16, No. 7, May, 1916, pp. 326-328 (Clarksville, Tenn.). Length of an average specimen (excluding antenne), 2.24 mm.; length of pronotum, .957 mm.; width, .72 mm.; greatest width of elytra, .957 mm.; length of antennal joints: 1, .099 mm.; 2, .099 mm.; 3, .757 mm.; 4, .18 mm. Form broadly oblong, constricted at humeri and again beyond discoidal areas; hemelytra widening again behind. Superior median spine of head long, ascending, then somewhat decurved, inferior median spines shorter, in and up curved so that they and the superior spine to a certain extent converge; lateral spines short, projecting straight forward along inner orbits. Pronotum (disregarding posterior extension) heart-shaped, the apex cut off by a line farthest advanced at anterior angles and middle, sinuate between. Hood not conspicuous, paranota well reflexed, biseriate ; carine moderately high, uniseriate, the lateral ones arched, the median bisinuate. Costal area mostly biseriate; subcostal and discoidal areas mostly triseriate. Among the species included in the above key, L. clitorie is easily recog- 62 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII nized by its small size, shortness of antenna, and very dark color. The underside of body and all median parts of upper surface, except hood, apex of pronotum and three large areoles in sutural area vary from fus- cous to black (the discs of areoles may be hyaline or whitish) and lateral extensions of this pattern are found on posterior part of pronotal margin, on costal area at widest part of elytra and near apex of elytra. The lateral margin otherwise is clear; the veinlets stramineous. The first, second, and fourth antennal joints vary from fuscous to black, the third joint and the legs from stramineous to testaceous. The species is abundant about Washington, D. C., and occurs not only upon the plant (Chtoria mariana L.) for which Mr. Heidemann named it, but also on various species of Lespedeza and Meibomia. Specimens have been collected from late June to September. Examples of the species from Tennessee and South Carolina also have been seen. Mr. Heidemann compares the species to L. constricta Champion, to which indeed it is very similar. If the respective illustrations can be trusted, however, the species are sufficiently distinct. The pronotum of L. con- stricta is longer and narrower than the same part in clitorie and the hemelytra are much more constricted beyond the discoidal area and do not widen again as they do in the present species. L. constricta is recorded from the Nearctic region by Van Duzee, but no specimens have been seen by the writer. Leptostyla oblonga Say.—Tingis oblonga Say, Thomas. Descriptions of new Hemipterous Insects collected in the expedition to the Rocky Moun- tains ... under command of Major Long. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Vol. 4, 1825, pp. 326-327; Compl. Writ- ings, Vol. 2, 1859, p. 248 (Missouri). Length of an average specimen (excluding antenne and spines), 2.83 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.08 mm.; width, .79 mm.; greatest width of elytra across discoidal areas, .92 mm.; near apex, .99 mm.; length of an- tennal joints: 1, .26 mm.; 2, .08 mm.; 3, 1.32 mm.; 4, .39 mm. Form narrowly oblong constructed at humeri and just before tip of elytra. Head with three long, sharp spines from back of vertex, under the median one of which are two shorter laterally converging ones arising from front of vertex. Hood well developed, oblong, broadest and highest in front. Paranota well reflexed, with a single series of large squarish areoles. Carinz moderately high, uniseriate; the lateral ones viewed from above, a little wavy behind. Costal area with a single series of large squarish areoles from humeri to or near end of discoidal area, biseriate near constriction, then again uniseriate. June,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 63 Underside of body (except edges of rostral sulcus), eyes, nonmem- branous parts of pronotum and spots near apices of discoidal areas black. Basal and apical joints of antenne fuscous to black; intermediate joints and legs stramineous to testaceous, tips of tarsi black; membranous parts of upper surface mostly whitish hyaline; crest of hood, veins on sutural area, and membrane brown; the subcostal and discoidal areas sometimes have a brownish ground color. This is the only American Leptostyla known that, has a single series of large, rectangular areoles in the costal area, of which they occupy the anterior third. This character together with the entirely hyaline lateral margins of the elytra, clearly distinguish the species. Specimens examined are from West Point, Nebr.; Ames, lowa; Cahokia, Ill.; Polk County, Wis.; Amery, Wis.; Glen Echo, Md.; and Maryland near Plummers Id. The last specimen listed was taken by the writer, July 26, 1914, on a thin-leaved, climbing, leguminous plant (Falcata comosa L.). The Ames, Lowa, speci- mens were collected July 9, 1894, by Dr. E. D. Ball on Petalo- stemon. Dr. Ball tells me that almost every plant of this genus found on dry gravelly knolls bears specimens of this tingid. The Amery, Wis., examples were found on a basswood leaf by Mr. Dvir De Long Leptostyla heidemanni Osborn & Drake—Leptostyla heidemanni Osborn, Herbert and Drake, Carl J. The Tingitoidea of Ohio, Ohio State Uni- versity Bulletin 20, No. 35, June, 1916, pp. 238-239 (Arkansas, Washington, D. C., Newton, Mass.). Length of an average specimen (excluding antenne and spines), 3.1 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.18mm.; width, .86mm.; width of elytra across discoidal areas, 1.02 mm.; near apex, 1.05 mm.; length of antennal joints: I, .26 mm.; 2, .o8 mm.; 3, 1.25 mm.; 4, .36 mm. Very similar to L. oblonga. The hood is more rounded triangular in outline viewed from above, but as in oblonga is highest and widest in front. L. heidemanm is further distinguished structurally from oblonga by the elytra being practically as wide across discoidal areas as near apex; and by the possession of two series of areoles in anterior part of costal area, of which the inner are smaller and alternated with the larger ones of the outer series. In color this species is similar to oblonga, with the chief exception that the cross-veinlets of the costal area are dark. A few cells at apex of elytra and just within the posterior convexity of the elytron also are infuscated. 64 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII Of the numerous species of Leptostyla mentioned in the Biologia Cen- trali-Americana, L. heidemanmi need be contrasted only with gracilenta and angustata. Both of these species have the subcostal area biseriate, while heidemanmi has from three to four series of areoles in this division of the hemelytron; furthermore, those species have two series of full-_ sized areoles in the costal area instead of one series of large and one of small cells. : Leptostyla heidemanni is extremely common about Washing- ton, D. C., on its food plant Baptisia tinctoria L., which is not only often, but usually, severely injured by the feeding operations of these little Tingids. Other localities represented by the ma- terial examined are: Forest Hills and Springfield, Mass., New Jersey, and Shreveport, La. Mr. Heidemann’s cabinet name for this species was L. affinis; I have also seen the name similis on some specimens. . STUDIES IN THE OLD TESTAMENT. By R. P. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y. Before considering each insect in the order of its mention in the Old Testament, it might give a better understanding if the order of creation as given in Genesis is compared with the order assumed by modern science to be the correct one. Our evolu- tionary theories are less than a century old. The writers of the Pentatetich may have been ignorant of the nature of the world as a component of the universe, and may have been filled with the wisdom of ages since forgotten. But that does not figure in the Book, the allegory, and the imagery of which is always graphic. The progress of creation is given day by day, the verbal order not agreeing with the correct sequence of time. Genesis I: II narrates that on the third day came grass, the herb yielding seed, the fruit tree reproducing itself. On a day following the moon and the stars were placed in the heavens. Well, what of it? None of the greatest philosophers of Greece or Rome had prog- ressed sufficiently to have an improved order in his mind. Dur- ing the present century the head of the great Arab University in Cairo was asked whether the earth revolved around the sun or June, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 65 the sun around the earth.. After long reflection he replied that he had never given the matter any thought, for it seemed to be of no importance and certainly of no consequence to him. It was of no consequence to the writer of Genesis I, but does his narrative suffer? As a next step the waters brought forth living creatures, first fowls, then whales, and every living creature in the waters. Then followed all the creatures of the land, cattle, creeping thing, beast of the earth, and finally man. There is no profit in com- paring this sequence with present notions; merely regrettable that commentators of fifteen centuries have wasted efforts to distort facts to fit literal construction of allegory given with the utmost poetic license. Genesis II:2 relates that Adam in a day reviewed every living creature in Eden and gave to each its name. Ninety years ago the Linnean Society of London was engaged in an effort to identify a few species of the genus Apion, of which Herbst’s de- scriptions were not clear, and of which actual specimens could not satisfactorily be laid out so as to differentiate into species. Rev. William Kirby was at this time leading spirit in the Lin- nean Society and a vigorous polemical preacher. He argued from the pulpit that the circumstance proved the immensity of the fall of man from Eden, since Adam had mentality to name every in- sect in a day, while the Linneans struggled for months over a few beetles. The number of insect species in existence, esti- mated by Ray in 1698 at 20,000, was surely estimated in Kirby’s day as multiplied by a hundred at least. Here again the pitiful results of distorting fact to fit allegory. Every creature received a name from the first man who tried to tell another about it. Every minute insect must have a name if it is to be made a sub- ject of comment. Genesis VIII describes the Flood, which was certainly a vast one, as it is described in the literature of almost all eastern coun- tries. The Biblical account is very explicit indeed, how Noah, ninth generation from Adam, constructed an ark, saved his fam- ily and all kinds of living creatures, some in pairs, others in sevens. The waters prevailed upon the earth 150 days. The ark measured exactly 300 by 50 by 30 cubits. In the first place 66 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII a pair of every known animal would not fit within the space. Again, the insect population could not be sustained alive that length of time without ample supply of every food plant. More- over, all gill-breathing creatures could survive outside in their antediluvian abundance, and the conventionally fixed 5,000 years or less since the flood would not suffice to restore the balance of numbers between creatures with lungs and creatures with gills. The best that the literal interpreters can do with this passage is to argue that evolution has multiplied the number of species and that the ark did contain every species then existing. At the present rate of evolving new species it would take to double the number of animals at least a hundred times the number of years that have elapsed since the flood. It is merely more pity that Genesis should be distorted. In Leviticus appears a list of insects that may be eaten, the definition being “flying creeping thing that goeth upon all four, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal upon the earth.” The inspired lawgiver of Leviticus was not an entomologist. He had not observed, perhaps no one had observed that an insect has six legs. Even Aristotle described the day fly as having four legs. How thoroughly absurd are some comments by sermon writers trying to twist out of their own difficulties. One clergy- man wrote that the locust has only four crawling legs and that Moses could not consider the saltatory ones as legs at all. An English preacher declared that the forefeet of insects are so often used as paws that they cannot be properly considered as feet. The first Old Testament mention of a creature undoubtedly an insect is in Exodus VII., describing one of the plagues. The plague of hail has often been interpreted as an insect plague, their being nothing about the Hebrew word to indicate that it means hail rather than any other damaging instrument. Evidence is too slight for argument, so better accept the hail. The plague to be examined is thus described in the King James English: “ Stretch out thy rod, and smite the dust of the land, that it may become lice throughout all the land of Egypt. And they did so; for Aaron stretched out his hand and his rod, and smote the dust of the earth, and it became lice in man and in beast; all the dust of the land became lice throughout all the land of Egypt. And June, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 67 the magicians did so with their enchantments to bring forth lice, but they could not; so there were lice upon man, and upon beast.” The Hebrew word is kinnim (always plural), and it occurs again in Psalm CV as a direct paraphrase throwing no light upon its meaning. There have been great differences of opinion about its proper translation. Commentators have dug up a Hebrew verb root implying to be fixed or remaining fast, this to back up a translation as ticks with lice as a second choice, but the root is in doubt. In the Talmuds there appear not a few references to kinnah, meaning there lice without possibility of mistake. This was the word which caused the King James translators to agree upon lice. Even before the time of the Septuagint there had been noted a resemblance to the Greek word kmips, plu. knipes; but to connect the two the consonant ps must be gotten rid of in violation of every etymological law. In the Syriac ver- sion the word was first spelled Ciniphes, this translator taking it for granted that the word was the same knipes. The Roman fathers based their ideas on this version. St. Augustine says: “Scyniphes muscule sunt brevissume,” and Arnobius Afer, 295 A. D., expresses the same idea. That the kinnim were flies was wholly a Roman interpretation. This plague was known to Flavius Josephus, the Roman historian, who regarded the beasts as lice, getting his information not from the Old Testament, which he never saw, but from the Chaldean Targum, or Commentary. The Polyglot translators held to Josephus and used the word pediculi, which is both good Latin and modern scientific for the various species of lice. In the English Revised version there is a marginal note suggesting fleas or sand fleas, this idea being ac- cepted from the argument of an eminent Medizval Rabbi. The translations as ticks are for the most part quite modern. The scholars of Linnzeus were inclined to fix upon the Acarus san- guisugus, the blood-sucking mite. Even more than in any previous passage of the Pentateuch there occurs in the present instance the repetition of phrases which is the poetic form which is the equivalent of rhyme or rhythm in other languages. The writer of Exodus knew per- fectly well what kinnim were, for lice were a constant plague in Egypt, but he cared little what beast it was that figured as the 68 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII maker of the great plague. His expression is merely unliteral allegory of obstacles piled up to prevent the exodus of the He- brews, and to identify a species in connection with it is at best arrant nonsense. In the same chapter of Exodus, verses 21, 22, 24, and 29, is described another plague, in the King James version thus: “T will send swarms of flies upon thee, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thy houses; and the houses of the Egyptians shall be full of swarms of flies, and also the ground whereon they are. “And I will sever the land of Goshen, in whiten my people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be there. . And there came a grievious swarm of flies into the howe of Pharaoh and into his servants’ houses, and into all the land of Egypt; and the land was corrupted (‘destroyed,’ margin) by , reason of the swarm of flies. This plague was not unlike its predecessor, described in general terms, not giving or intending to give any clear idea of its nature. The word used is arob, about the etymology or meaning of which there is no doubt. It means swarm, multitude, abundance. In the King James translation the word zebub is understood, making it mean swarm of flies. The trouble with this interpretation is that swarms of flies are a constant plague in Egypt, causing more ophthalmia than in any other land in the world. Musca domes- fica is more plentiful than all other insects combined. It is hard to imagine how in any number they could constitute a great plague to figure in the greatest narrative ever written. The com- mentators in all centuries have very generally taken some such view and made every effort to demonstrate that the swarm was something much more terrible than ordinary flies. The Ro- man fathers generally construed it as a mixture of various kinds of flies. Some of the Jews before the Christian era inter- preted it as various animals. Flavius Josephus got his infor- mation about the matter from the Babylonian Targum. A seven- teenth century translation of Josephus renders it “a mixture of noisesome beasts,’ which phrase appears in the margin of the King James version. An Arabic version comes out more strongly, “a mixture of wild beasts, venemous insects and reptiles.” An er June, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 69 eminent Rabbi of the Middle Ages wrote: “all kinds of venem- ous animals, as serpents and scorpions.” Still another Rabbi laid stress upon the presence of winged scorpions, a peculiar ani- mal in some ways like the unicorn, figuring much in literature of all ages, but of which a specimen has never been found. Even Pliny speaks of the winged scorpion as absolutely deadly. Eben Ezra wrote: “all the wild beasts mingled in association, as lions, bears and leopards.” A Portuguese Rabbi said: “a mixture of vermin.” Dr. Geddes: “a swarm of beetles,” but he at once proved his own ignorance by describing the beetle, the Blatta egyptiaca, a voracious cockroach. Dr. T. M. Harris reviewed the situation judicially and decided that one particular species was meant, not a mixture of different animals. The septuagint settled upon the kunomuia. Michaelis insisted on Tabanus. Dr. J. D. Westwood, of Oxford, regarded it as Culex and argued his case. © A Smithsonian expert has chosen Hippobosca equina, and claimed for the gebub of Ecclesiastes and Isaiah either Hematopota pluvialis or Chrysops caecutiens. The common Arabic word for fly, zimb, is not often quoted in evidence. Much, however, has been written in claim of arob of gebub as the creature implied in the word of an Ethiopian translation, which by the way still sur- vives to describe a terrible gadfly, tsaltsalya. This has been claimed to be the African fly alluded to in Isaiah, and has even been identified as the tsetze fly, its author asserting that this horse-killing parasite was known to the writer of Exodus. At all this farrago the author of Exodus might well be aston- ished. He was a poet, not a’ natural historian, wherefore his allegory is all the more beautiful. A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DICTYOPHARA GERM. By Epmunp H. Gisson, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. The genus Dictyophara Germ. is represented in the United States by four species, all of which are common east of the Rocky Mountains and especially so in the south. However, they are seldom observed or captured in large numbers, and although plant feeders their exact economic status is not known. 70 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII Dictyophara belongs in the tribe Dictyopharini of the subfam- ily Dictyopharinze and may be distinguished from the only other two genera, Scolops Schaum. and Phylloscelis Germ. of the same tribe which occur north of Mexico, by its triangularly produced vertex. This paper is based upon a large series of specimens in the col- lection of the U. S. National Museum. Dictyophara Germ. Dictyophara Germar in Silb. Rev. Ent., I, p. 175, 1833; Pseudophana Burmeister, Handb., IH, 1, p. 146, 1843; Chanithus Kolenati Mel. Ent., VII, p. 29, 1857; Nersia Stal eice Rie Wans Eien! Isp. 62.1853: Dictyophara may be characterized as follows: Vertex pro- duced triangularly with three carine, the median one in certain species ending before the middle; three frontal carinze more or less parallel: pronotum short and emarginate on posterior border: forewings long, greatly exceeding the abdomen and more or less reticulate. Species usually bright green with but slight color markings or variations. The logotype of the genus is europea Linn. Key TO THE SPECIES. I. Transverse veinlets of the forewings forming three nearly regular RINGS eens Ace eiceicatirsan sve Munennanees ee aisaaeseas esearch ey eee dioxys Walk. Transverse veinlets of the forewings in no regular pattern ......... 2: 2. Length of vertex twice or more its basal width ...... microrhina Walk. Length of vertex slightly longer than its basal width ............... B. 3. Frontal carinze meeting in an obtuse angle and tinged with black. Fe- male plates short, extremely broad and rounding ...... florens Stal. Frontal carine meeting in an acute angle and not tinged with black. Bemale plates done wand snatnow | -.1.\.- sep e eo aeers lingula VanD. Dictyophara dioxys Walk. Dictyophara dioxys Walker, List of Hom., Suppl., p. 61, 1858; Nersia curviceps Stal, Bidr. Rio Jan. Hem., p. 64, 1861. This species may easily be separated from the other three species by the cross veinlets of the forewings forming three more or less regular bands. The vertex is hardly twice as long as wide and in this respect would come between microrhina and lingula. It is known to occur from New Jersey south and west through Texas. Dictyophara microrhina Walk. Dictyophara muicrorhina Walker, List. Hom., Vol. 1, p. 315, 1851. June, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ql This is the largest of the North American species with a ver- tex more than twice as long as wide. The apical half of the forewing is very finely reticulated. The elevation of the apex of the vertex varies considerably within the species. This is the most common of our species and has a distribution from New York west to Kansas, south to Texas and Florida. Dictyophara florens Stal. Nersia florens Stal, Bidr. Rio Jan. iliena,) I, p. 645) 1868, The most prominent specific characters of this species are its short vertex which is but little longer than its basal width, its wide front with carine meeting in an obtuse angle, and the carine being tinged with black just before and at their point of meeting. Specimens are at hand from Kansas, Texas, and Florida. Dictyophara lingula Van D. Dictyophara lingula VanDuzee, Proc) Acad. sci. Philadelphia, Dees 1907: Very similar to florens but without black markings near the apex of vertex or base of front. The frontal carine do not di- verge before meeting as much as in florens. They meet in an acute angle. Length of the vertex is slightly more than its basal width. It is known to occur from New Jersey to Florida. OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus ; will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass. THE UNDERSIGNED will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey.—Harry B. Weiss, 242 Raritan Ave., New Brunswick, N. J. FINE SPECIMENS of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, col- lected at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North American Lepidoptera——Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadel- phia, Pa. WANTED.—North American Orthoptera- from localities which are little known or in which but little collecting has been done. Material from the mountainous regions of the West particularly desired. M. Hebard, Acad- emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. WANTED.—Sphingide from any part of the world. Will purchase or exchange. B. Preston Clark, 55 Kilby St., Room 35, Boston, Mass. 72 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI FOR SALE at low prices—A large number of species of Colombian Lepidoptera, perfect and seconds. Also Canadian species. H. S. Parish, 81 Robert St., Toronto, Can. : WANTED for cash—Ova of Catocale with or without parent moth. Address George J. Keller, r91 Avon Ave., Newark, N. J. WANTED.—Cicindelide from any part of the world. N. A. Lepidop- tera desired. Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera offered in exchange for above groups. Bro. Germain, Academie de la Salle, Trois-Rivieres, Canada. WANTED.—Imagos of Saperda candida, Pholus pandorus, all stages of Macrodactylus subspinosus except imagos, and other material of eco- nomic importance. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y. WANTED.—AIll kinds of material for Life Histories. Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, etc. etc. Herman H. Brehme, Box 432, South Amboy, N. J. WANTED.—Lintner’s Injurious Insects, 1886 and 1887 (Rep. 3 and 4). — N. Y. Park Rep. 1873-1896. Jour. Appl. Microscopy, 19. Monthly Bul. Calif. Com. Hort., 181°; I13-5; IV3. Send stamp for list of publications for sale or exchange. Philip Dowell, Port Richmond, N. Y. BARGAIN.—Splendid collection of Lepidoptera (about 1,500 speci- mens), from all parts of the world; mostly in Denton’s patent tablets; oak case; suitable gift for school, institution or collector; $150, value $500. —Wimmer, City Court, 32 Chambers St., New York City. WANTED.—Papers published since 1894 and containing references to American Coleoptera, by Bernhauer, Grouvelle, Lesne, Leveille, Lewis, Pic, Otto Schwarz, Wasmann or other foreign authors. Will pay cash or give in exchange papers by American authors that I have in duplicate. C. W. Leng, No. 33 Murray St., New York City. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY: Sent postpaid on receipt of price by Archibald C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park Place, Brooklyn. ) THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomol- ogy, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y., and other dealers. Cloth ‘Dotan yee eae ielerc!s WSs evel ular « njele, cloket atehar a iapne ne aetna 2.00 BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vols. 4 to. 7 for ‘saleat per VO vcs ide ces cc see cine ee eee 1.25 Volumes) ot the Bulletimn(7 nos) ton sale) ater) sees eee eee 1.40 Volumes 9, 10 and 11 of the Bulletin (5 nos.) for sale, each, at.... 1.00 ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 each 2.00 THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY a Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first _ Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185 _ Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1916 President W. T. BATHER Vice-President WILLIAM T. DAVIS Corresponding Secretary R. P. DOW Recording Secretary J. R. pE ra TORRE-BUENO Treasurer C. E. OLSEN Librarian ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS Curator GEORGE FRANCK Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences CHARLES E. SLEIGHT Bis Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in October, December, February, April and June of each year = Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.05, in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica- tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento- mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if _ ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Addrese _ subscriptions and all communications to aS R, P. DOW, Editor, e | 15 Broad Street, New York City. Wards Natural Science Establis 84-102 College Ave. Entomological aaeekes of « every description, i incl only genuine hand made Schmitt Insect Boxes. and: ae welt American Entomological Company Inse Our supply pees No. 30 will be sent free o wealat Heeecuaas af beens aaa ‘injurious i Household, beer Orchard, Shade ee a . 125 Life Hides of Cone c Insects, é 128 List of Living Pupae, _ 129 -xotie Lepidoptera, 9) 130 North American Lee e 131 Exotic Coleoptera, a 132 North American Coon 143. Type Collections, also beneficial and injurious insects, different pes’ and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism Our complete Insect catalogue and list of pub ic be sent on receipt of 25 cents. . Se Ce ee TE ee te Vol. XI OCTOBER, 1917 No. 4 BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NEW SERIES — PUBLICATION COMMITTEE CHARLES SCHAEFFER; Chairman j. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, ROBERT P. DOW; Advertising Manager Editor Published by the Society Price, 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues) CONTENTS. FAMILY ISOMETOPIDA: IN NORTH AMERICA, Gibson ...... 73h NOTES \ON(NEARCTIC TINGID AL McAteer: i). 0 1) tude ee eee 78 NOTES ON MIRID INHABITING ASH, Knight .............. 80 STUDIES IN) THE HYDNOGERINE: Chapin jo)... iaicion sae erta ae 83 TORBE NEW) CHALCID FLIES: (Giraulto. ionic si os skeen eee 85 NEW CHALCID PLIES WITH NODES; Girault’ 3. ce 2a eens 86 THREE NEW ANDRENA FROM UNITED STATES, Malloch.. 89 MAINE BUPRESTIDZ AND CERAMBYCIDA, Nicolay ........ 92 ii WV. BULLETIN | Nw . OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XII OCTOBER, I9I7 No. 4 THE FAMILY ISOMETOPIDZ FIEB. AS REPRESENTED IN NORTH AMERICA. (HETEROPTERA.) By Epmunp H. Grisson, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. A keen interest was taken in the family Isometopide by the late Mr. Otto Heidemann which resulted in a short but very admirable treatise which he published in 1907. Since that date there has been no further contribution to our knowledge of this little but interesting and rather unique group. With the addition of one new genus and three new species herein described the family is represented in North America by three genera and seven species. Members of the family are also known to occur in Central Europe and in the East Indies. These little insects are not at all common and are considered prizes to the collector. Their seeming rarity may be due to their minute size and to the habit, of at least a few species, of feeding on the bark of trees. | The family was first described by Fieber in 1860 and at times has been considered a subfamily of Miride but to the writer and several others this seems unwarranted. The family Isometopide may be characterized as follows: head short, vertical, and more or less depressed beneath resembling the head of a Homopteron; antennz four jointed with the second joint longer than the other three taken together; rostrum four jointed; eyes large; ocelli near the base of the head and con- siderably raised; thorax much wider than head and prominent ; scutellum prominent being considerably raised above the elytra; Membrane with two cells. 74 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII Key. TO THE GENERA. 1. Lateral borders of pronotum wide, more or less flaring, and with GAT ITVS “11, hve avai hCG AE ne oa, sea chee iis Bray Sec 2), Lateral borders of pronotum distinctly rounded, and without carinae, Lidopus n. g. 2. Anterior border of pronotum much narrower than posterior; lateral borders if produced would meet at a point on the front of the head, Myiomma Put. Anterior border of pronotum slightly narrower than posterior; the lat- eral margins if produced would meet at a point considerably before Lhesbrontqommene eA El: vlireet yc col eee eeeees Isometopus Fieb. Genus Lidopus n. g—Form ovate. Head very short, vertical, front de- pressed beneath. Base of vertex higher than anterior margin of pronotum. Rostrum extending to posterior coxe. Ocelli distinct but not prominent or raised. Eyes large, distance between them less than width of an eye. Antenne with second joint longest. Head fitting snug against the pro- notum. Pronotum narrowed anteriorly but little, if sides were produced they would meet at a point considerably before front of the head. Lateral margins of pronotum broadly rounded with but a slight trace of a carina. Scutellum with sides equilateral. Type of the genus is heidemanni n. sp. This genus resembles Myiomma in form and general shape of the head but differs from it as well as from Isometopus by the extremely convex pronotum with broadly rounded lateral margins. Lidopus heidemanni n. sp—Head short, compact, vertical, and more or less depressed beneath. Front! nearly flat. Eyes large, distance between them less than the width of an eye. Ocelli small but distinct. Antenne with the first joint the shortest and the second twice as long as the others taken together, fourth shorter than the third, second joint gradually swollen towards the apex. Rostrum reaching to the first abdominal segment. Pronotum strongly convex above with lateral margins broadly rounded and with but a slight trace of a carina, lateral margins if produced would meet at a point considerably before the front of the head. Pronotum and scutellum evenly punctate. Scutellum with sides equilateral and raised above the elytra. Elytra nearly flat, costal margins somewhat flaring. Membrane extending for nearly half of its length beyond the cuneus. Legs short. Posterior femora swollen. Length of female 23 mm. from front of head to apex of elytra. Male 2 mm. Width across posterior margin of pronotum .75 mm. Color—Head, pronotum and scutellum dark reddish brown to black. Apex of head lighter brown, Second and fourth antennal joints dark, Oct.,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 75 third yellow to cream. Pronotum and scutellum shiny; apex of scutellum white or cream colored. Elytra dark brown, becoming even darker at apex and along costal border. Two transverse white streaks at the base .of the cuneus. Membrane smoky. Under side dark reddish brown, legs dark with light bands at apex of femur and tibia. Middle and hind coxe white. Described from seven females and three males collected by Messers E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber at San Diego and Brownsville, Texas, and now in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. | ; Named in honor of the memory of the late Mr. Otto Heidemann. This species can easily be recognized from all others of the family by its extremely convex pronotum and color pattern of the elytra. Genus Myiomma Put—Myiomma Puton, Hémiptéres, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Vol. 3, ser. 5, pp. 20-21, 1873. Heidemannia Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. 2, No. I, 18of. Form elliptical, nearly flat above. Head small, projecting above the pro- notum; eyes large; vertex triangular; face oblong, curving backwards be- neath. Antenne attached beneath inner angle of the eyes. Pronotum transverse, anterior border much narrower than posterior; lateral margins flaring. Costal margins of elytra feebly curved, broadly reflexed; mem- brane blunt. Legs short, anterior femor wide. Type of the genus is fieberi Put. Myiomma cixiiformis Uhl—Heidemannia cixtiformis Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1891. This species can be easily separated from all other Isometopide by the extremely small head with eyes nearly meeting. Both Uhler and Heide- mann dwelt on the habits and description of this species in detail in their treatises. It is known to occur in New York, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. Myiomma media n. sp.—Head short, broad, vertical, with apex depressed as in civtiformis Uhl. Eyes large and bulging as in Jsometopus. Dis- tance between eyes slightly less than width of an eye. Ocelli large, promi- nent' and considerably raised. Posterior border of head distinctly concave. Pronotum short and broad, much narrowed anteriorly. Lateral sides of pronotum if produced would meet at a point on the front of the head. Lateral margins flaring but not as much so as in Jsometopus. Scutellum large, longer than the basal width. Pronotum and scutellum strongly pu- bescent. Elytra elongate, sides nearly straight. Length 2.5 mm. Color.—Head, pronotum, and scutellum dark reddish brown. Elytra light fuscous, blotched with darker fuscous. Reddish beneath. 76 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII Described from a single male specimen collected by Messers E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber at Williams, Ariz., and now in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. The specimen described is neither a typical Myiomma, Iso- metopus, or Lidopus, but as the form of the pronotum is nearest Myiomma it appears best to place it in this genus until more specimens are procured. Genus Isometopus Fieb.—Jsometopus Fieber, Exegesen. Wiener Ent. Monatschrift, iv, pp. 258-259, 1860. Cephalocoris Stein, Berl. Ent. Zeit., p. 79, 1860. Somewhat broadly ovate; head broad, rounded in front. Third and fourth joints of antenne slender and short. Pronotum transverse, pos- terior border slightly wider than anterior, lateral borders if produced would meet at a point considerably before front of head, lateral margins flaring. Hemelytra convexly ampliated on each side. Type of the genus is mtrusus H. S. Key To THE SPECIES. it, Wikwara, wioiomanby Gleidk im COO 2ooccasaccccbnsoousosaccs umcolor Heid. Elytra not uniformly dark in color, with a more or less definite color AEB O MTL eid diced lovee ce. lrevas eae atous seuetans ooea eketenel to «a dsne eee ghee 2 2. Posterior half of pronotum and scutellum light in color; antennz, ros- trlimsandvles sudan: Koc. Nen. sete ae) eae «whee ie aeRO libertus n. sp. Entire portion of pronotum and scutellum dark brown or black; an- tenne, rostrum, and legs light fuscous or white ................-- 3 3. Fuscous markings at center and apex of corium ........ signatus Heid. No fuscous markings at center or apex of corium. The only color markings are at apex of clavus and center of posterior margin of GOTTA Grapes wfeyeh =< c'zipis where die: « tats pedals avo eie eee ee oars pulchellus Heid. Isometopus unicolor Heid.—Ilsometopus unicolor Heidemann, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. 9, p. 130, 1907. This species can readily be distinguished from all others by its uniform color. No distinct color markings. It is also slightly larger than either signatus or pulchellus and about equal to libertus. Its occurrence has been reported from Arizona. Isometopus libertus n. sp—Form ovate. Head short, broad, vertical. Eyes large, distance between them greater than width of an eye. Ocelli small but distinct. Eyes protruding to the rear of the posterior line of the vertex. Second joint of antenne slightly swollen at apex. Basal width more than twice the length of pronotum. Anterior half of pro- notum slightly depressed but with a transverse ridge in the center, not running to the lateral borders. Posterior border of pronotum straight, lateral margins flaring and if produced would meet at a point considerably Oct.,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 77 before the front of the head. Scutellum large and raised above the elytra. Surface of the elytra convex. Pronotum, scutellum, and elytra densely clothed with fine hairs. Posterior femora swollen but not greatly so. Length of female 2.2 mm. Width at base of pronotum I mm. Color.—Head and anterior half of pronotum black, but with base of head tinged with light russet. Antenne dark brown. Posterior half of pronotum, scutellum, and elytra russet brown. Elytra with an irregular transverse darker brown band. Membrane smoky. Beneath dark brown to black. Described from a single female in the collection of the U. S. National Museum bearing a Schwarz and Barber collector label. The specimen was taken at Las Vegas H. S., New Mexico. Easily recognized by the light colored scutellum and the pro- notum being divided into two color bands or zones. Isometopus signatus Heid—I/sometopus signatus Heidemann, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. 9, pp. 129-130, 1907. This species may be differentiated from the others of the genus by the color pattern of the elytra which is in the form of an irregular H. Two large fuscous spots on the center of the corium joined at' the apex of the clavus and fusing into the fuscous apex of the cuneus. Specimens are at hand from Texas. Isometopus pulchellus Heid.—Isometopus pulchellus Heidemann, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. 9, pp. 128-129, 1907. Easily recognized by its white or cream colored elytra which is in con- trast to the more or less shiny black pronotum and scutellum. Elytra with small fuscous spots at apex of clavus and near center of the posterior margin of the cuneus. Recorded from New York, West Virginia, and Virginia. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Distant. Fauna Brit. Ind., Vol. 2, pp. 483-486, 1904. Fieber. Exegesen, Wiener Ent. Monatschrift, iv, pp. 258-259, 1860; Europ. Hem. Wien, pp. 26, 237, 1861. Heidemann. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. 9, pp. 126-130, 1907. Herrich-Schaffer. Wanz. Ins., vi, p. 48, 1830. Oshanin. Verz. Palaearkt. Hem., Vol. 1, p. 643, 1909. Puton. Hémiptéres, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Vol. 3, ser. 5, pp. 20-21, 1873. Reuter. Bih. Vet. Ak. Handl., 3, No. 1, p. 61, 1875. Stein. Berl. Ent. Zeit., p. 79, 1860. Uhler. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. 2, No. I, p. 119, 1801. Van Duzee. Check List Hem., N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1916. \ 78 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII A FEW NOTES CHIEFLY ON THE NAMES OF NEARCTIC TINGID. By W. L. McATEE, Washington, D. C. Acalypta grisea Heidemann. Acalypta grisea Heidemann, Otto. Two new species of lace-bugs (Heteroptera; Tingidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 18, No. 4, December, 1916 (June 11, 1917), pp. 217-9, Pl..17. Ac- cording to Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno, this is a synonym of his A. lillianis. This is a fault for which I must own responsibility. I prepared Mr. Heidemann’s article for the press, but had never seen A. lillianis and its publication therefore did not register very deeply on my memory. Corythucha marmorata Uhler. The food plants of this species in the vicinity of Washington, D. C., are various members of the genus Aster. Corythucha crategi Morrill. Corythuca arcuata crategi subsp. nov, Morrill, August, W. Notes on the Immature Stages of some Tingitids of the Genus Corythuca, Psyche 10, pp. 132- 133, August, 1903. In their paper “The Tingitoidea of Ohio,’* Osborn, H. and Drake, Carl J., describe the adult of this form, noting that they find it a distinct species. They call it Corythucha crategi sp. nov., but it is clear that Morrill must be the authority for this name since he describes the egg of crategi and calls attention to its distinctness from that of arcuata. Article 27b of the Inter- national Rules of Zoological Nomenclature asserts that the law of priority obtains ‘‘ When any stage in the life history is named before the adult.” Corythucha crategi has been collected in the vicinity of Wash- ington, D. C., upon the following plants: Crategus, Cephalan- thus, and Amelanchuer. Corythucha incurvata Uhler. C. heteromele: Heidemann ms. is a synonym. Corythucha pallida Osborn and Drake. Corythucha pallida O. & D., op. cit., pp. 230-231. This species was described from * Ohio State Univ. Bulletin, 20, No. 35, June, 1916, pp. 229-230. Oct.,7917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society as 5 specimens taken on linden. It is the form which has gone for many years under the ms. name adusta Uhler, and is abundant on mulberry in the region about Washington, D. C. Uhler’s name means “scorched,” almost an opposite conception to that implied by the name now cited. The term pallida seems inept for a species distinguished by the clear brownish color of all the thicker membranous parts. Corythucha pruni Osborn and Drake. Corythucha pruni O. & D., op. cit., pp. 231-232. The ms. name cerasi was used for this form by Uhler and Heidemann. Corythucha bulbosa Osborn and Drake. Corythucha bulbosa O. & D., op cit., pp. 232-233. The food plant of this species, so long known under the highly appropriate ms. name carbonata Uhler, is Staphylea trifolia. The species is usually abundant. Gargaphia angulata Heidemann. The most common food plant of this species does not seem to have been recorded. It is Ceanothus americanus. Gargaphia amorphe Walsh. Tingis amorphe Walsh, Benj. D. On Phytophagic varieties and Phytophagic species. Proc. Ent. Soc., Phila., 3, 1864, p. 409. | This species is omitted from the recent Key to the Nearctic Species by Drake. (Drake, Carl J., Key to the Nearctic Species of Gargaphia with the Description of a New Species (Hem. Heter.). Ent. News, 28, No. 5, May, 1917, pp. 227-8.) It runs to the section with broad costal area having 4 or more rows of areolz at the widest part. In this group, G. angulata Heid. can be separated by absence of spines from back of vertex along inner orbits, and probably the genus should be primarily divided on this character. G. solani Heid. has the paranota wider _and more angulate than either tiliae or amorphae, and the hood conspicuously higher than median carina. G. amorphae in some ways is intermediate between solani and filiae. The hood is higher than median carina, but not so much as in solami, and in agreement with that species the apical angle of the discoidal area is at the outer side. In tie the hood is lower than the median carina and the apical angle of discoidal area is about median. Counting the maximum number of rows of areoles in the para- nanota and discoidal areas, these three species have respectively: tlie, 4, 7; solani, 5, 5; and amorphe 3 and 5. 80 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII NOTES ON SPECIES OF MIRIDZ INHABITING ASH TREES (FRAXINUS) WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (HEMIP.).* By Harry H. Knicut, Ithaca, New York. The writer has been gathering data on the life history and habits of Miride during the past three seasons and finds that the species breeding on ash trees are of particular interest. All the speceis of Neoborus, Xenoborus and Tropidosteptes are con- fined to ash trees (Fraxinus) as far as can be determined. Data is here given on the occurrence of certain species in New York with notes on the food habits and relative abundance of the species. Tropidosteptes cardinalis Uhler. This species was found breeding only on the white ash (Fraxinus americana) and occur- ring in greatest numbers on the tender and succulent growth. The writer also noticed that the adults soon leave the place where they were reared and scatter to other more favorable growth for depositing eggs. Records: June 7 to June 16, Ithaca, N. Y.; June 27, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.; June 12 to June 25, Batavia, N. Y.; July 4-5, Four Mile, N. Y., collected by the writer. June 20, Pine Island, New York (Wm. T. Davis). Neoborus canadensis Van Duzee. This species was found on Fraxinus americana in company with T. cardinalis and N. tri- color on the Cornell Campus. The life cycle coincides very closely with that of T. cardinalis but is found only in favored spots. . Records: May 31 to June 16, Ithaca, N. Y.; June 20 to Aug. 24, Batavia, N. ¥Y.¢ June’ 27, Portage, IN-. Y.,. collected Min grme writer. Neoborus geminus Say. Occurs on Fraxinus americana in company with amenus but found only during June and early July. In the large series collected by the writer certain speci- * Contribution from the Department of Entomology of Cornell Uni- versity. Oct.,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 81 mens show a gradation into the dark forms of amenus and thus the two may prove to be but varieties of the same species. Records: June 13 to June 28, Batavia, N. Y.; July 4-5, Four Mile, N. Y. (2. H. Knight). Neoborus amcenus Reuter. Most abundant on Fraxinus americana and F. pennsylvanica and found sparingly on F. nigra. ‘The species has two broods, the first adults maturing about June 20 in western New York and continuing on the trees up till frost or the middle of September. Record: June 20 to Aug. 24, Batavia, N. Y.; Sept. 14, Wyo- maine, IN. oY CE; Els Knight); Neoborus palmeri Reuter. This form has been regarded as a variety of amanus but it is undoubtedly a good species. The writer has found it only on the black ash (Fraxinus nigra) and apparently coming earlier than X. plagifer and X. commissuralis. IMCCOLUS = Se Only 20, 2a ounce On) bataviay Ne Ye Che a: Knight). Neoborus pubescens new species. Very similar to certain dark forms of amenus, but distinguished from that and other species in the genus except tricolor by the presence of distinct pubescence. Length 4.5-4.8 mm. Antenne and legs pale. Head more sharply pro- duced and the front more vertical and flattened than in amenus; black, in the female the tips of the lore and juga, each side of the median line on the front, pale. Pronotum with sides distinctly carinate only on the apical half; black, top of the collar, rather widely on the median line of the disk, one and sometimes two rays behind each callus, pale yellow; more coarsely punctured than in amanus. Scutellum yellow, black at the middle of the base and on the mesoscutum; sternum and pleura black, orifice pale. Hemelytra pale, inner half of the clavus, along the claval suture, large apical spot on the corium and slightly invading the embolium, black. Membrane pale, in the female dark fuscous to black within the cells and margining the veins; in the male dark fuscous and extending to include the middle of the membrane. Venter black, sometimes paler in the female. Holotype: S July 23, Ithaca, New York (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotpye: taken with the type. moraiypes: 2) 9) \ulys22 tg. 31 2 july 26; Ithaca; N..Y.; 299 Aug. 1, Batavia, N. Y., collected by the writer. 2 1 2 June 15, Woodworth Lake, Fulton County, N. Y. (C. P. Alexander). 2 July 3, Hanover, New Hampshire (C. W. Johnson). 82 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII The species was found only on the very young white ash plants which grew in shady and damp places, the leaves of which ap- peared to be infested by a mite. Xenoborus pettiti Reuter. Breeds on Fravinus americana and found in company with T. cardinalis and N. canadensis: Records: May 31 to June 16, Ithaca, N. Y.; June 13 to.June 30, Batavia, N. Y.; June 22, Portage, N. Y. (H. H. Knight). Xenoborus neglectus new species. Resembles certain pale forms of pet- titi; left genital clasper much longer and more spatulate toward the tip. 6. Length 5.4 mm., width 2.1 mm. Black with pale. Antennz fuscous, paler on the basal half of the first segment. Head with lower half of the face fuscous, front pale and flecked with reddish; carina and a small median dash at the middle of the vertex blackish. Pronotum ecarinate, punctuation and pubescence nearly as in pettiti; collar and large median spot or ray on the disk, white or pale yellow; pale ray from behind the calli extending along the margin of the disk and widening to the basal angles; scutellum pale yellowish, mesoscutum blackish. Hemelytra black- ish, embolium, basal angle of the corium and entire cuneus, clear; mem- brane fuscous, in the female paler in the middle. Legs pale yellowish, the hind femora indistinctly marked with fuscous at the apices. Holotype: 3, June 17-20, Mud Creek, Tompkins Co., N. Y.; Cornell University Collection. Allotvpe: June 18, Batavia, N. Y. (H. H. Knight). The writer has found this species rather scarce though systematic col- lecting during June may show that it is present in greater numbers. The writer ventures to guess that it will be found on the black ash when that plant is thoroughly worked in June. Xenoborus plagifer Reuter. The writer collected in the vicinity of Batavia for three seasons before taking this and the follow- ing species. It breeds only on the black ash (F. migra) which grows in dense swampy woods. Once having found the food plant a large series was obtained by sweeping the host plant. Records: & July 30, 2 ¢ Aug. 1, 39 69 Aus: 6, 9 Aveta, 5 6? Aug. 10, 27 f2 Aug. 12, Batavia, N. Y. (H. H. Knight). Xenoborus commissuralis Reuter. This pretty species was found on Fraxinus nigra in company with plagifer and was taken in greater numbers. Records: 14 69 July 209, 123 ¢¢ July 30, 4o ¢ Aug. 1, Batavia, NYE (GEE kotat Oct.,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 83 STUDIES IN THE HYDNOCERINI (COL.). THE HYDNOCEROID GENERA. By Epwarp A. CuHapin, M.S. After a careful study of a large collection of the.insects here- tofore included under the genus Hydnocera Newman, it has become evident that certain of the species differ from H. palhi- pennis Say, that species being the type of Hydnocera, to an extent which warrants the erection of genera to include them. In the characterization of the genus by Lacordaire (Gen. Col., IV, 471) the ungues are stated to be “ appendiculate, their basal portion tooth-like.” In Hydnocera pedalis Leconte and its related species, sobrina Fall and parviceps Schaeffer, and in the group of species allied to curtipennis Newman (longicollis Zieg\.), the ungues are simple, but slightly thickened at the base. In these groups, however, the structure of the antenne differs widely and considering the uniformity of structure as seen throughout the two large groups, the pallipennis and the curtipennis groups, a second division is made on the antennal characters. The genera may be distinguished from one another by the following table: Wrietes withvadnnoad basal toothimersseds asus ne os te: Hydnocera Newman. Ungues simple, at most slightly thickened. Third segment of antennz about twice as long as broad, cylindrical; prothorax much longer than broad .......... Isohydnocera gen. nov. Third segment of antenne as broad or broader than long; trapezoidal ; PLroOthionaxesubedilateraley. sae ses cess cae «gos 6 Ee Oe OO as 6 6-06 OLS O'S COG CIC UG CANE a Ne ann ee A II. Suprahumerals strongly curved backward, long. Contour of cheeks T{@ LITT Gl @ Clima RaD MAGA Acree lac clement reret seat an stc usu ta aiahete! ates brevitylus Van D. Suprahumerals short, reduced to a short tubercle ........ brevis Walk. Weaner DG To laden tama cicoeds 6 ones be te meni enn eres basalis Walk. Venter yellow.on eeen or browse... 5. ines fel el eel 12, Clypeusepuommnentlyapnodtcedi ays ss 2 ease elon 1m elelenslereu= etoh= ehh 173}. Clypeus somewhat produced but not prominently so ............. 15. Wesey ineiriconyy, Morre SOeCIES 65 6c oad) Cobeanioonomecocs ok militaris n. sp. Sommaniiane GUO CASES bos. oddn ood eo ee eeeoubes feb bow ce on sc 14. Inner margins of last ventral segment of female sloping. Plates of MBS TORS GUee soe tnde Ba 600 ne RED ROUTE Opec ico oDs palmeri Van D. Inner margins of last ventral segment of female steep. Plates of male SORE gal “HOWL noconcsvovodoovdcondeneoasooob nodes borealis Fairm. 112 —- Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII 15. Metopidium flat or slightly rounded between suprahumerals when viewed from above ..... TRE AI ran ROEM N's Ge bubalus Fabr. Metopidium feebly bisinuate when viewed from above ............ 16. 16. Species small, suprahumerals curving upward and backward, taurina Fh. Suprahumerals only slightly recurved ............... stimulea Van D. The following distributional groupings and list of food plants should aid in the recognition of the species. Canada—bubalus Fabr., diceros Say, basalis Walk. New England Sintestaipecten's Van D., bubalus Fabr., brevitylus Van D., taurina Fh., constans Walk., palmeri Van D., borealis Fairm., brevis Walk., brevicornis Fh., basalis Walk. Atlantic and Gulf States—albescens Van D., bubalus Fabr., brevitylus Van - D., taurina Fh., constans Walk., borealis Fairm., brevis Walk. Central States—albescens Van D., bubalus Fabr., stimulea Van D., con- stans Walk., militaris n. sp., palnen Van D., borealis Fairm., brevis Walk., uniformis Fairm. North Central States—diceros Say, albescens Van D., bubalus Fabr., stim- ulea Van D., taurina Fh., brevitylus Van D., constans Walk., basalis Walk. Southern States—diceros Say, albescens Van D., bubalus Fabr,, boreahs Fairm. Western States—bubalus Fabr., stimulea Van D., occidentalis Funkh., borealis Fairm., albido-sparsa Stal, basalis Walk. Southwestern States—diceros Say, bubalus Fabr., brevitylus Van D., stimulea Van D., palmeri Van D., brevis Walk., brevicornis Fh., occi- dentalis Funkh., basalis Walk. The known food plants of the species are here listed. Many of the species are not restricted to a single or few food plants, in which case the principal ones only are given. . Alfalfa: occidentalis Funkh., bubalus Fabr. Apple: bubalus Fabr., taurina Fh., borealis Fairm. Basswood: constans Walk. Cherry: bubalus Fabr. Cotton: borealis Fairm. Cottonwood: bubalus Fabr. Elder: bo- yealis Fairm. Hickory: brevicornis Fh. Iris: borealis Fairm. Maple: bubalus Fabr. Oak: brevicornis Fh., palmert Van D., taurina Fh., diceros Say. Pear: bubalus Fabr. Potato: bubalus Fabr. Quince: bubalus Fabr. Ceresa militaris n. sp—Near C. palmeri Van D., but much narrower, a smaller species. Much longer in proportion to its width than palmer. May be recognized by the long slender pronotum, narrow metopidium and very long sharp plates of male and female. Bright green with brown and black markings, face yellow. Form long and very slender, metopidium convex, suprahumerals long and acute, pos- terior process slender and decurved; clypeus acute. Punctate, but only slightly if at all pubescent. Head yellow-green, longitudinal striz on face; clypeus triangular at apex, tip densely pilose with white hairs; ocelli translucent with orange Dec., 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 113 borders, situated slightly below a line drawn through center of eyes, some- what closer to each other than to eyes; eyes brown, extending beyond sides of pronotum. Pronotum green, densely punctate, very slightly pubescent, ascending nearly straight above head, convex just before suprahumerals, feebly arcu- ate in middle, dorsum somewhat flattened, semicircular impression very faint; median carina percurrent; humeral horns long and acute, with brown and black markings underneath, extending outward and backward; front of pronotum having long, transverse smooth irregularly-shaped areas . dorsomesad of eyes, these areas yellow and shining; posterior process long, slender, sharp, much decurved, reaching to tip of abdomen in females and beyond in males, with brown markings. Wings smoky, lightly punctate at base, veins brownish. Under surface of body yellow; last ventral segment of female very deeply and roundly notched, base of notch not as broad as constans Walk. Ovipositor ex- tending beyond abdomen in a long narrow process. Plates of male broad at’ base and tapering to a sharp point, very long, extending beyond pygo- fers, tipped with black. Legs yellow, with white hairs; tarsi and claws somewhat ferruginous. . Described from five females and six males in the collection of the senior author, collected by him at. Charleston, Mo., June 19, 1916. Type, allotype and three paratypes deposited in the U. S. National Museum. References necessary for study in this group: Fairmaire—Reyv. Memb., pp. 284, 289, 1846. Fitch—Ceresa brevicornis, 3d Rep. Ins. N. Y., pp. 177, 335, 451, 1856. Funkhouser—Ceresa occidentalis, Ent. News, Vol. XXVI, p. 100, 1015. Marlatt—Buffalo Tree-Hopper, Bur. Ent. Cir. 23, 2d Ser., 1897. Say—Long’s Exped. App., p. 200, 1824. Stal—Ceresa albido-sparsa, Eug. Resa Omk. Jord. Hem., pp. 86, 283, 1856. Walker—Ceresa brevis, List of Hom. B. M., pp. 528, 563, 1851. Van Duzee—List of Hem. taken by W. J. Palmer about Quinze Lake, P. Que. in 1907. Can. Ent., Vol. LX, p. 112, 1908. Studies in N. A. Mem. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., 1908, Vol. IX, pp. 35, 36. Florida Hemiptera Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. IX, p. 205, 1900. A NEW GENUS OF ANTHOMYIIDA (DIPTERA). By J: R. Mattocu, Urbana, III. The genus herewith described belongs to the subfamily An- thomyiine though in some respects it resembles Phaoniine. It differs from all other genera of the family known to me in having a single long bristle near the upper margin of the pteropleura just 114 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII below the base of the wing. Recent attempts at a classification of the order have shown a tendency towards the use of the cheeto- taxy of the pleure as a distinguishing character in separating the families Muscide and Anthomyiide. If the absence of bristles or hairs from the hypopleura and pteropleura separates Anthomyiide from Muscide, then many typical species of the former family will require to be placed in Muscide. Besides the genus now under consideration the genus Lispa (subfamily Lispine), several species in Phaonia, and at least one in Erem- omyia have hairs or bristles either on the hypopleura or ptero- pleura. The presence or absence of these hairs or bristles, while of considerable importance in a general way, does not invariably serve as a basis for the separation of the families Anthomytide and Muscide. Emmesomyia gen. nov. Generic Description: Male.—Eyes very large, separated by a narrow stripe consisting of the orbits only on the upper half of its length; ocellar bristles long, directed forward. Abdomen nar- row, slightly flattened; hypopygium of moderate size, terminating in a recurved hook-like process; apical ventral segment deeply excised cen- trally; first segment with very strong bristles on middle laterally. Legs and wings similar to those of female. Female.—Eyes separated by one third the head width; cruciate frontal bristles present; orbitals 5 in number, the median one directed forward; antenne elongate, third joint much longer than second, rounded at apex; arista hairy; proboscis and palpi normal. Thoracic chetotaxy similar to that of Hylemyia, differing only in having a strong bristle on the upper margin of the pteropleura. In other respects similar to Hylemyia except that the third vein has several setulz at base, both above and below. Type, Emmesomyia unica, n. sp. Emmesomyia unica n. sp. Female—Black, densely covered with pale gray pruinescence. Frons and face with dense whitish pruinescence, that on orbits slightly silvery; antenne black, basal 2 joints rufous; apical por- tion of proboscis glossy black; palpi yellow. Mesonotum slightly yellow- ish behind humeri, and with 4 blackish vitte on the anterior portion of disc, the inner pair rather widely separated, narrower than the outer pair and not extending caudad of suture; center of disc with a distinct yel- lowish longitudinal streak, scutellum yellowish at apex. Abdomen with basal segment yellowish on each side of dorsum and usually some yellow markings on some of the other segments. Legs reddish yellow, mid and hind legs with the coxe and tarsi infuscated. Wings clear. Squame white. Halteres whitish yellow. Dec., 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 115 ( Frons one third the width of head, slightly narrowed posteriorly; third antennal joint nearly three times as long as second, rather broad; arista slender, basal joint very short, hair moderately long; cheeks not as high as width of third antennal joint, marginal bristles sparse but very strong. Mesonotum with 3 postsutural dorso-centrals; 2 pairs of strong acrostichals proximad of suture, prealar bristle half as long as the one behind it. Strong bristles on abdomen confined to apices of segments. Fore tibia with 1 strong bristle on middle of posterior surface; mid tibia with 3 bristles, 2 on postero-dorsal surface and I on posterior close to the lower one of the former pair; hind tibia with 2 postero-dorsal, 3 antero-dorsal, and 2 antero-ventral bristles. Costal spine very short; last section of fourth vein but little longer than preceding section. Length, 6.5-7 mm. Type, Savoy, Ill., May 23, 1916. Paratypes, Algonquin, I11., June 12, 1897 (Nason), Homer, Ill., June 17, 1917 (Malloch). I captured the type specimen on the trunk of an apple tree in an orchard at Savoy, near Urbana. Nothing is known of the immature stages. Emmesomyia apicalis n. sp. Male and Female—Differs from the fore- going species in having the antenne and palpi black and the mid and hind femora more or less brownish at apices. Structure and chetotaxy as in unica. Length, 4.5-6 mm. ‘Type, Dubois, Ill., May 23, 1917. Paratypes, Dongola, IIl., May 12, 1917, Savanna, Ill., June 3, 1917. Allotype male, White Heath, Ill., June 3, 1917. Taken by the writer in sweeping vegetation on margin of woods. THE GEOMETRID GENUS BARNESITA. :. In 1910 Mr. Grossbeck proposed the name Barnesia for a species from Arizona (Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., p. 207). It now appears that Barnesia was used as early as 1901 (Ann. Cient. Paraguay) by Bertoni for a supposed new genus of Dendro- colaptid birds. The moth may take the name Eubarnesia nov. nom., type Eubarnesia ritaria Grossb. dD es COGKEREDL 116 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII THE PROBABLE COLOR OF THE ANCESTRAL WINGED INSECTS.* By G. C. Crampton, PH.D. It would appear extremely probable that many (if not most) of the ancestral Pterygotan insects varied from honey-yellow to brown in color. The reasons for so thinking are as follows: (1) Honey-yellow to brown is a common color among the Chilopods, which have departed but little from the ancestral condition of insects in general. (2) Honey-yellow is a common color among the Apterygotan insects, which have departed but little from the ancestral condition of the Pterygotan insects. (3) Honey-yellow to brown is a color frequently occurring in immature insects. (4) Honey-yellow to brown is a common color among the most primitive orders of winged insects. (5) Honey-yellow to brown is a common color in the most primitive representatives of almost all of the orders of winged insects—even of the higher orders! That honey-yellow to brown is a common color among — Chilopods is at once apparent to anyone who examines a speci- men of Scutigera, Scolopendra, etc., or any of the common Chilopods found under stones or dead wood in the neighborhood. This is not so evident in the case of the Apterygotan insects, however, since so many of them are colorless, due to their habit of hiding in places protected from the sunlight, and their shel- tered habitats make it unnecessary for them to develop a harder protecting chitinous armor, which is always more deeply pig- mented than thinner chitin. Nevertheless “Collembolan” in- sects, such as Smynthurus, Orchesella, Deegeria, etc., have a yellowish or brownish hue, and the more heavily chitinized speci- mens of Campodea are of a honey-yellow color. This shade also occurs in the more strongly chitinized terminal segments of Japyx, and I have seen a large Cuban Japygid which is entirely - yellowish brown in color. The chitinous sclerites of the tropical Lepismids which live somewhat more “exposed” lives than our * Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. Dec.,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 117 Northern representatives of the group, show tinges of a honey- yellow color, and from the foregoing instances it is evident that the “honey-yellow to brown” hue is of widespread occurrence among those forms which have departed but little from the an- cestral condition of winged insects. Honey-yellow to brown is a color frequently found in the im- mature stages of the lowest Pterygotan insects such as the Blattids and Plecoptera, and it is also very widespread among the larve of the higher forms, such as Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera, etc. Taken alone, this fact has no especial sig- nificance, but in connection with the other instances here cited, it lends additional weight to the view that the color in question is a very widespread and primitive one. Honey-yellow to brown is a very common color in the lowest representatives of the winged insects, such as the Blattids, Mantids, Isoptera, Plecoptera, Embiids, Dermaptera, Gryllo- blattids, Phasmids, etc., and this fact should have considerable weight in such a discussion. The most convincing feature, how- ever, is that the most primitive representatives of almost all of the orders seem to be of this color. Grylloblatia, which is one of the most primitive representatives of the “ Orthopteroid ” insects, is of a honey-yellow hue, and the same is true of /thone, the most primitive of the Neuroptera. The same color occurs in Merope, which is an exceedingly primitive Mecopteron, and the “ honey- yellow to brown” color is very common among the Tipulids and other primitive representatives of the Diptera. I have been unable to examine the most primitive representatives of all of the insectan orders, but the color in question occurs in so many of the lowest forms which I have been able to examine, that I feel confident that some, at least, of the most primitive repre- sentatives of all of the orders will prove to be of a honey-yellow to brown color, if the matter is investigated with this in view. A “blackish” shade is also very common among certain primitive insects (e. g., Plecoptera, Embiids, Gryllids, Collem- bola, etc.), and a “grayish” tint occurs among many of the Apterygotan insects, being apparently a relic of their relation- ship to the Isopod Crustacea, but the varying shades of brown- ish yellow to brown are far more common among the Ptery- 118 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII gotan insects, and, from the above-cited evidence, I feel confi- dent that a more thorough study of: the matter, based upon the examination of more of the primitive representatives of each order than are at present available for study, will merely confirm the contention that “honey-yellow to brown” was the prevalent color among the ancestral Pterygotan insects. NOTES ON HYMENOPTERFA PARASITICA. By A. A. Grrautt, Glenn Dale, Md. Hypopteromalus percussor n. sp——Female: Like the genotype but differs as follows: the femora are metallic at proximal half (caudal ones nearly entirely metallic), the flagellum is darker. Types compared. From two females reared from the larve of Zotheca tranquilla, We- natchee, Wash., June 22, 1916 (E. J. Newcomer). Types: Cat. No. 20,970, U. S. Nat. Mus., the females on tags, hind tibiz and heads on a slide. Eupteromalus sarcophage Gahan.—Differs from Meroporus utibilis Tucker in having the distinct lateral carine on the propodeum and the much longer than wide propodeal spiracle (mandibles not compared nor other parts); from Halizoa rufipes Ashm. in the cylindrical antenne, lesser size and perhaps otherwise; from Meraporus dubius Ashm. not at all. Types compared. j; Neomphaloidomyia n. gen. Tetrastichini—The same as Neomphaloides but the scutum without a median groove, the antenne with four ring- joints (1 and 4 large, equal). Stylus of abdomen very long, nearly as long as the ovipositor, which is extruded for a length equal to two thirds of the abdomen and is no wider than the stylus (1. e., its valves are not). Tooth 3 of mandible truncate. Male scape compressed, with fine, sharp saw-teeth along its ventral margin, 4 funicle, 3 club and ring-joints. Genotype: Hyperteles polyneme Ashm. Neomphaloidella irvingi n. sp—Female: Similar to Aprostocetus cana- densis Ashm., but differing notably in that the funicle joints are twice longer than wide. Second two ring-joints very short. One female, Springer, N. M. (C. N. Ainslie). Type: Cat. No. 21,011, U. S. Nat. Mus., the female on a tag, the head on a slide. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ia) OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA FLORIDA Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells, and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla. WANTED.—No. Am. Cerambycide and Buprestide, especially Agrilus; will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass. THE UNDERSIGNED will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey. Harry B. Weiss, 242 Raritan Ave., New Brunswick, N. J. FINE SPECIMENS of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, col- lected at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North Ameri- can Lepidoptera. Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. WANTED.—Cicadellide from North America, especially from southern and western States, for cash or in exchange. C. E. Olsen, Am. Museum Nat. Hist., New York City. I COLLECT for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price list of nearly 1,000 species Coleoptera in Henshaw Nos. A. H. Manee, Southern Pines, N. C. WANTED.—North American Orthoptera from localities which are little known or in which but little collecting has been done. Material from the mountainous regions of the West particularly desired. M.Hebard, Acad- emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. WANTED.—Sphingide from any part of the world. Will purchase or exchange. B. Preston Clark, 55 Kilby St., Room 35, Boston, Mass. WANTED for cash or exchange—Silphide and Lucanide from all localities in North America. J. W. Angell, 532 Wales Ave., New York City. FOR SALE at low prices—A large number of species of Colombian Lepidoptera, perfect and seconds. Also Canadian species. H. S. Parish, 81 Robert St., Toronto, Can. WANTED for cash—Ova of Catocale with or without parent moth. Address George J. Keller, 191 Avon Ave., Newark, N. J. WANTED.—Imagos of Saperda candida, Pholus pandorus, all stages of Macrodactylus subspinosus except imagos, and other material of eco- nomic importance. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y. WANTED—AIl kinds' of material for Life Histories. Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, etc., etc. Herman H. Brehme, 74 13th Avenue, Newark, N. J. Wanted—Lintner’s Injurious Insects, 1886 and 1887 (Rep. 3 and 4). N. Y. Park Rep. 1873-1896. Jour. Appl. Microscopy, 19. Monthly Bul. Calif. Com. Hort., 18-19; II8-5; IV3. Send stamp for list of publications for sale or exchange. Philip Dowell, Port Richmond, N. Y. BARGAIN.—Splendid collection of Lepidoptera (about 1,500 speci- mens), from all parts of the world; mostly in Denton’s patent tablets ; oak case; suitable gift for school, institution or collector; $150, value $500. —Wimer, City Court, 32 Chambers St., New York City. 120 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society WANTED.—Papers published since 1894 and containing references to American Coleoptera, by Bernhauer, Grouvelle, Lesne, Leveille, Lewis, Pic, Otto Schwarz, Wasmann or other foreign authors. Will pay cash or give - in exchange papers by American authors that I have in duplicate. C. W. Leng, No. 33 Murray St., New York City. LOT of 100 South American butterflies and moths in perfect condition, papered, at $6.50; including Morpho menelaus or cypris, Caligo, 8 Papilios, 8 Heliconius, Prepona, Perisamia, Catagramma, Calicore, 4 Apatura, Nymphalide, Urania, Sphingide, etc., etc. H. S. Parish, 81 Robert St., Toronto, Can. WANTED.—2d 34d, 4th, 8th, oth Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario. Will pay a reasonable price for any of the above reports. Jos. I. Beaulne, 3653 Notre Dame East, Montreal, Canada. WANTED.—1oth Illinois Entomological Report; Coleoptera of South- ern California, by H. C. Fall; Notes on Lachnosterna of Temperate North America, by John B. Smith; Works of Thos. Say, Le Conte edition. Joe S. Wade, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIE IY. Sent postpaid on receipt of price by Archibald C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park Place, Brooklyn. THE GLOSSARY, Explanation of all technical terms used in Ento- mology, by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y., and other dealers. (Gloves pyoych sce Re ats te enn OMEN ol mon ado. Goac 2.00 Copies bound with interleaves for additions .............. Pees 2 2.50 BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vols. 1, 2 and 3 are out of print and will be bought at $2.50 each. Vols-4ctov7 forsale at; pertvol:. |... [entice ewes cee ene nee 1.25 Volume 8 of the BULLETIN (7 nos.) for sale at ................--- 1.40 Volumes 9, 10 and 11 of the BuLteTIN (5 nos.) for sale, each at ... 1.00 ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 each.. 2:00 PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vols. 1 and 4, each ........ 2.00 Vols. 2 and 3 wanted at $3 each. SCHAUPP, Synopsis of the Cicindelide, 5 col. plates ............ 1.00 OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera ........ .50 UBLER® (Checklistvotetie tlemiptera 222 aase0 cee ee eee 25 Odd numbers of missing volumes of Papilio and BuLLeTIN wanted at full prices. LIVING COCOONS FOR SALE Last winter the Society gathered and sold for the benefit of the Bulletin Publication fund many thousand cocoons, mostly of our fairly common species, for breeding and experimental work. We put the price much lower than any quotations have ever been and thus many biology classes were enabled to study in large series. This year has been a poor one for all the Saturniidae and co- coons are scarce. The demand which we created last year has grown. We shall nevertheless be prepared to ship in any quan- tity desired, Cecropias at I cent each. Our largest moth, has been suc- cessfully hybridized. Cynthias 1 cent each. Most successfully hybridized of all. Prometheas 2 cents each. They are very scarce this year. Very successfully hybridized with Cynthia. Advance orders have taken our rarer species too completely to guarantee a further supply. We fear we can get no more regalis or imperialis. We cannot guarantee delivery but will try to fur- nish in small numbers luna at 25 cents, ioat 10 cents, polyphemus at 4 cents (easiest to secure through the winter) and a variety of Papil io and miscellaneous chrysalids at much less than prices usually quoted. ; All properly packed. Postage must be added to small orders. Address R. P. Dow, Editor, 15 Broad St., N. Y. City. eid re re Loe Ray _ THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185 Brooklyn Avenue. ‘The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1916 President | W. T. BATHER Vice-President WILLIAM T. DAVIS _ Corresponding Secretary R. P.. DOW Recording Secretary Jj. R. p—E ra TORRE-BUENO Treasurer C. E. OLSEN Librarian ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS Curator GEORGE FRANCK Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences CHARLES E. SLEIGHT Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in October, December, February, April and June of each year Subscription price, domestic, $1.00 per year; foreign $1.05, in advance; single copies 25 cents. Advertising rates on applica- tion. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to ento- mologists are solicited. Authors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication, additional at cost. Address subscriptions and all communications to R. P. DOW, Edstor, 15 Broad Street, New York City . Ward’s Natural Stance Estabiialend, | 84-102 College Ave. ROCHESTER, N. v Entomological supplies of every description, including ie only genuine hand made : PO Stet oe Schmitt Insect Boxes, and the well kiowe American Entomological Company Insect Pins. Our supply catalogue No. 30 will be sent free on application : Entomological Specimens of all orders from every part of the 3 world. Life Histories of Insects of Economic I mportance and Store . Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America; Collections of beneficial and injurious insects; Collections of ; Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also _ illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism. | If interested write for the following circulars: 116 Biological Material for Dissection, 125 Life Histories of Economic Insects, 128 List of Living Pupae, 129 Exotic Lepidoptera, 130 North American Lepidoptera, 131. Exotic Coleoptera, 132 North American Coleoptera, 143 Type Collections, also Collections ‘ieeesane iy beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mimicry and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism. Our complete Insect catalogue and list ah Rage will . Be be sent on receipt of 25 a 13 t z “MEA 9088 01262 6586