“4 UN —=EL ee a ee at tha Ne Poth Hw te ble ee te ae See | sete et iran ei | 1 ! / ® Ad os is BULLETIN Ab OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL. SOCIETY NEW SERIES Vol. XVII 1922 EDITED (IN SUCCESSION) BY BeiG. SCHAUPP JOHN B. SMITH GEO. H. HULST CHAS. LOUIS POLLARD R. P. DOW J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO \ PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor G. P. ENGELHARDT J. BEQUAERT INDEX TO VOLUME XVII. (Arranged alphabetically throughout. ) Subjects and Authors. GENERAL SUBJECT. Book Notes, J. R. T.-B., 150. Color Characters vs. Structural Characters, J. R. T.-B., 63. Edward Louis Graef, G. P. E., 43- Proceedings of the Society, J. Bequaert, 152. Silas €. Wheat}"G.P. EE.) t25. The Inalienable Right of Au- thors to Say What They Please, 0 RT -B., 124. COLEOPTERA. A New Form of Harpalus, T. D. A. Cockerell, 25. A New Species of North Amer- ican Acmaeoderae, H. C. Fall, 88. A New Species of Helodes, A. B. Wolcott, 94. Observations on Typocerus sin- uatus Newman as a Forage Plant Pest, 5S. Wade, 27. New Species of Carabidae, Staphylinidae and Elateridae, Howard Notman, 99. Platypsyllus castoris Ritsema in Colorado, T. D. A. Cockerell, 64. Recent Spread of Crioceris as- parags L., F. H. Chittenden, 97- The Amaranth Flea Beetle, F. H. Chittenden, 147. The Phyllophaga of Hawthorn (Crataegus), W. J. McCol- loch and Wm. P. Hayes, 131. DIPTERA. A New Borborid from Mary- land, J. R. Malloch, 87. A New Genus of Helomyzidae, J. M. Aldrich, 108. A Reclassification of the Sub- families and Genera of the North American Syrphidae, Raymond C. Shannon (con- tinued from Vol. XVI), 30. A Synopsis of the North Amer- ican Species of the Dipterous Genus Amaurosoma Becker, J. Re Malloch, 77. An Unused Taxonomic Char- acter in Syrphidae, J. R. Mal- loch, 42. The Crane Flies of New York; First Supplementary List, Charles P. Alexander, 58. Dolichopodidae from the Source of the Hudson River, N. Y., J. Bequaert, 149. Two New Species of the Genus Helina, J. R. Malloch, 95. 155 156 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. XVII HETEROPTERA. A Change of Name in /schno- demus, H. M. Parshley, 123. A Note on the Migration of Certain Water Striders, H. M. Parshley, 136. Both Hydrometras in Kansas, H. B. Hungerford, 78. Distributional Records of Aquatic Hemiptera, J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, 120. Droughts and Cannibalistic Re- sponses of the Water-strider Gerris marginatus Say, C. F. Curtis Riley, 79. Geocorts pallens Stal var. deco- ratus Uhl., a Predaceous En- emy of the False Chinch Bug, F. B. Milliken and F. M. Wadley, 143. Saldoida_ slossoni Osb. var. wileyi n. var., taken in Texas, H. B. Hungerford, 64. The Genus Cyrtopeltis Fieb. in North America, Harry H. Knight, 65. The Genitalia of the Males of Certain Hemiptera (Heterop- tera) and Homoptera, G. C. Crampton, 46. HOMOPTERA. A New Species of Agallia, with Notes on Other Cicadellidae, Ca ;Olsenra2 72 HYMENOPTERA. An Annotated List of the Ants of Staten Island and Long Island, N. Y., Wm. T. Davis and J. Bequaert, 1. Note on Rhodites, Wm. Beuten- muller, 45. Notes on Sawflies of the Tribe Eurtini, S. A. Rohwer, 91. LEPIDOPTERA. A New Genus and Species of Noctuidae, Wm. Barnes, M.D., and A. W. Lindsey, Ph.D., 56. Concerning Papilio ajax, W. C. Dukes, 97. Description of Two New Spe- cies of Aegeriidae, Wm. Barnes, M.D., and A. W. Lindsey, Ph.D., 122. Isoparce cupressi R. & J., W. C. Dukes, rio. MECOPTERA. Panorpa rufescens Feeding on a Cicada, J. R. Malloch, 45. New Noctuidae, Wm. Barnes, MDE and AL Wee leindsere Pia Notes.on the Life Histories of North American Catocalae, with Description of Two New Forms, T. D. Mayfield, 114, 138. Papilio ajax in New York, James L. Angle, go. ODONATA. The Dragonfly Epicordulsa re- gina, Wm. T. Davis, III. INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF INSECTS AND PLANTS. New forms in bold face; valid genera and species in Roman; synonyms in italics; + indicates Long Island records; * indicates plants. (For annotated list of Long Island and Staten Island Ants, see pp- 1-25; for list of genera of Syrphidae (Diptera), see pp. 35-373 for lists of Crane Flies of New York, see pp. 58-61: genera and species recorded in these not in this index.) Achrocordonodes, 34 dentipes, 34 Acmaeodera angelica, 89 aurora, 88 auritincta, 88 cuneata, 89, 90 dolorosa, 90 falli, 89 labyrinthica, 89 liberta, 89, 90 nexa, 89 recticollis, 88 tenebricosa, 90 Acopa pura, 74 Acrotona, 107 Aegeria rileyana, 7 Agallia constricta, 127 lingulata, 127, 129 + 4-punctata, 127, 129 Agelena naevia, 149 * Agropyron smithii, 28 * Ailanthus, 2 Alcathoe korites, 122 Alydus pilosulus, 55 Amara, IOI: apachensis, IOI * Amaranthus caudatus, 147 * celosia, 147 * cruentatus, 147 * plumosa, 147 * retroflexus, 148 * spinosus, 148 * tricolor, 147 Amaurosoma, 77 bispinosa, 77 157 katmaensis, 77 nuda, 77, 78 pallidipes, 77, 78 unispinosa, 77 * Amblyscirtes vialis, 152 Amblytropidia stoneri, 150 Amphibolix confluentus, 11 Anaduosternum, 106 brevipennis, 106 Anax junius, 8 Ancyloneura, 91, 92 Andricus seminator, 154 * Andropogon scopiarius, 14, 27, 28 + Apatela, 23 + Apatura clyton, 152 Aphrophora quadrinotata, 55 Archanaria, 75 * Asimina parviflora, 97 * Aster, 28 Atheta, 107 Athetalia, 107 + Atrytonopsis hianna, 152 Baccha; 34 Basilodes pepita, 153 Batrisodes fossicauda, 21 Bembidion complanulum, 100 decrepitum, 100 parvulum, 99 Bittacus, 45 dickersoni, 105 Bledius mixtus, 104 piceus, 105 semiferrugineus, 105 SSS oe 158 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII Blissus leucopterus, 27, 143 + Bombylius incanus, 152 Brachypalpus, 32 pulcher, 33 Brochymena quadripustulata, 55 Calliprobola, 31, 32 aldrichi, 33 crawfordi, 33 opacus, 33 Catabomba pyrastri, 34 Catocala andromedae, 114, 116 herodias, 138 Spacihicn TIAL iO ETS, TAK form cinerea, 142 metalomus, 142 grynea, 140 praeclara, 139, 142 sordida’, 114, 118, 140 ultronia, 140 Cedius ziegleri, 21 Celia decora, 101 gibba, IOI insignis, IOI nupera, IOI Ceratocapsus, 07 Ceria, 33 Ceriogaster, 33 Cerioides, 33, 34 (Monoceromyia) tricolor, 41, 42 var. floridensis, 41 Cerma pallida, 73 Chabuata endiva vespera, 71 Chelinidea vittiger, 55 Chilosia, 31, 34 nigripennis, 34 parva, 34 versipellis, 34 ~ Chrysophanes hypophlaeas, 153 Cicada tibicen, 45 + Cicindela generosa, 21 Cixius coleopum, 55 Clarissa, QI et seqq. anomocera, 93 atrata, 93 divergens, 92 frogatti, 92 inconspicuus, 92 Clastoptera obtusa, 55 Closterocoris, 67 Colpodota, 107 Cratacanthus, 103 * Crataegus, 131 et seqq. * crus-galli, 132, 141 * mollis, 132 Cremastochilus castaneus, 21 Crioceris asparagi, 97 I2-punctata, 152 Crioprora, 31, 32 Cryptocephalus defectus, 153 sanfordt, 153 Criorrhina, 31, 33 Cuterebra buccata, 152 7 Cychrus elevatus, 152, 153 Cycloptilum minimum, 150 Cynorrhina, 31, 32, 33 Cyphopelta, 67 Cyrtopeltis geniculata, 65 et seqq. melanocephalus, 66 simplex, 67 tenuis, 67 varians, 65 et seqq. Cyrtopeltocoris, 67 Dacerla, 67 Dicranomyia adirondacensis, 62 brevivena, 62 Dicyphus luridus, 65 et seqq. Disholcapsis mamma, 19 Disonycha glabrata, 147 Dolichopus abruptus, 149 discifer, 149 dorycerus, 149 flavilacertus, 149 harbecki, 149 stenhammeri, 149 variabilis, 149 Vol.XVII Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 159 + Donacia hirticollis, 152 proxima episcopalis, 152 Doros, 33 Dracopis amplexicaulis, 28 + Driotura gammaroides var. flava, 130 Engytatus, see Cyrtopeltis Epia, 56 Epicordulia princeps, 111 regina, III Euaontia, 76 Eumerus, 31 strigata, 33 Eumyiolepta, 34 * Kupatorium, I1 Europhilus antiquus, 102 lenis, 102 ruficornis, 102 Europsis, 91 Eurycotis similis, 150 Eurys, 91, 92, 93 Euscelis (Athysanus) — stacto- galus, 130 + Eutettix pictus, 130 + slossoni, 130 Ferdinandea, 31 Gastrofusa aenea, 153 Gastroidea aenea, 153 * Gaylussacia, 13, 14 Geocoris pallens, 143 et seqq. decoratus, 144 Gerris buenoi, 120, 137 canaliculatus, 120 conformis, 55, 120 marginatus, 79 et seqq., 120, 137 orba, 79 et seqq. remigis, 79 et seqq., 137 rufoscutellatus, 120, 137 Graphocephala coccinea, 55 Gypona octolineata, 55 Hadena, 56 Harpalus gregarius subsp. cimensis, 25 Helina algonquina, 96 cothurnata, 96 hirtibasis, 96 multiseriata, 95 oregonensis, 96 spuria, 96 Helodes apicalis, 94 maculicollis, 94 nunenmacheri, 94 Helophilus modestus, 34 Hetaerius brunneipennis, 21 Heterocous (?) dubius, 150 Heteroderes nicholsi, 107 sordidus, 108 Hydrometra australis, 78 martini, 78 Hydrophorus chrysologus, 149 Hyperepia, 56 pi, 56 Ischnodemus hesperius, 123 brevicornis, 123 Ischnoptera, 55 Isoparce cupressi, I10 Jassus olitorius, 55 Lepisma, 47 Leptocera intrudens, 87 meridionalis, 87 Leucania, 75 + Limenitis ursula var. albo- fasciata, 153 Limnoporus (see Gerris) * Linum lewisii, 28 Lopidea, 55 Lutomyia, 108 spurca, 109 + Lybithea bachmanni, 153 Machilis, 47 Mammifrontia, 75 leucania, 75 160 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XVII * Martynia louisiana, 65 Megastilicus formicarius, 21 Melampsalta calliope, 55 Melanostoma, 34 Melittia grandis, 123 superba, 122 Merapioides, 31, 32, 33 Meromacrus, 30 Mesovelia bisignata, 120 mulsantt, 137 Metrobates hesperius, 121 + Microdon bombiformis, 152 megalogaster, 152 Micropus curticornis, 123 brevicornis, 123 albonotata, 137 Microvelia americana, I21 Microxylota robi, 34 Milesia, 30 + Mitoura damon, 152 Monoceromyia, 33, 41 Myiolepta strigillata, 34 Nausigaster bonariensis, 40 chrysidiformis, 39, 41 peruviensis, 40, 41 unimaculata, 40 Neoeurys, 91, 92 caudata, 94 tasmanica, 94 Neoproba varians, see Cyrto- peltis Neuria, 56 Nodonota puncticollis, 153 Nothophila, 75 angulata, 76 + Notodonta georgica, 152 Notonecta irrorata, 121 Nysius ericae, 143 Ccypotamus, 34 Oncocnemis deceptiva, 72, 73 linda, 72, 73 punctilinea, 71 Orectoderus, 67 Ormenis pruinosa, 55 Otiocerus degeeri, 55 Oxypoda, 106 Panorpa nebulosa, 55 rufescens, 45 + Papaipema furcata, 153 Papilio ajax, 90, 97 Paranthrene fenestratus, 122 Pentacora ligata, 55 + Perigea xanthioides, 153 Phyllophaga spp., 131 et seqq. Platymetopius acutus, 55 Platynochaetus, 34 Platypsyllus castoris, 64 Poblicia fuliginosa, 55 Pocota, 32 Polydonta, 34 Polydontomyia, 34 Polyclonus, 91 floridensis, 97 * Populus grandidentata, 2, 15 Porphyrops, 149 * Prunus serotina, 2 Pseudomedon cephalotes, 105 obsoletum, 106 Psilota anthracina, 38 buccata, 38 thatuna, 38, 39 Pterallastes, 31, 32, 34 Ptomaphagus parasitus, 21 * Quercus nana, I5 * bicolor, 19 Ranatra americana, 121 fusca, I2T grisea, 121 kirkaldyi, 121 protensa, I2I * Ratibida columnaris, 28 Rhagovelia obesa, 121 Rheumatobates rileyi, 137 Rhodites bicolor, 45 occidentalis, 45 Rhysops, 34 Ricania speculum, 55 * Rudbeckia flava, 28 Vol.XVII Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 161 Saldoida slossoni var. wileyi, 64 cornuta, 64 Salpingogaster, 34 Scaeva, 34 Sciocoris microphthalmus, 151 Senogaster, 34 comstockt, 34 Sericophanes, 67 Solenophorus sinuaticollis, 102 Somula, 31, 33 * Sorghastrum nutans, 28 Sphecomyia, 33 Sphyximorpha, 33, 34 Spilomyia, 30, 31, 33 * Sporobolis airoides, 28 Stenomorphus convexior, 103 Sthenopis auratus, 153 Stictocephala lutea, 55 Syritta, 31 Syrphus, 34 Systellonotus, 67 Tachyta nana, IOI parvicornis, 100 Tachyura incurva, 20 * Taxodium distichum, I10 Teleorhinus, 67 Temnostoma, 33 Tessaratoma, 55 Teuchocnemis, 31, 32 Thelia bimaculata, 18, 20, 23 + Therina pellucidaria, 21 Thyatirina, 76 Tiphia, 153 7 Tolype laricis, 153 Trepobates pictus, 121 Triodonta, 34 + Trogus fulvipes, 152 + vulpinus, 151 Tropidia, 31, 32 cooleyt, 34 Typocerus sinuatus, 27 * Vaccinium, 116, 118, 120 * Vernonia noveboracensis, 153 Xanthandrus, 34 Xanthogramma aequalis, 33 Xenodusa cava, 23 Xenomydaea buccata, 96 Xylota, 32 Zelus cervicalis, 55 New Genera and Subgenera in this Index, 7. New Species and Subspecies, 42. New Varieties, 4. Vol. XVII FEBRUARY, 1922 No. | BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN FENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NEW SERIES PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor DR. J. BEQUAERT GEO. P. ENGELHARDT Published by the Society Price, 35 cents Subscription, $1.50 per year Mailed June 15, 1922 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1g1Q, at the postoffice at Lancaster Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1922 Honorary President Treasurer 1B, Ibe) GRUAIBID G. P. ENGELHARDT President Central Museum W. T. DAVIS EASTERN PARKWAY Vice-President Librarian J. R. pe ra TORRE-BUENO ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS Corresponding Secretary Curator and GEORGE FRANCK Recording Secretary Delegate to Council of New York J. BEQUAERT Academy of Sciences HOWARD NOTMAN CONTENTS ANTS OF LONG ISLAND, Davis and Bequaert.............--.000-+- I JA NEW FORM OF HARPAT US iGackerell eens eee eae 25 LIFE HISTORY OF TYPOCERUS SINUATUS, Wade............... 26 RECLASSIFICATION OF N. AM. SYRPHIDAE (conclusion), Shannon 30 UNUSED) CHARAC TE RON T SMREELUD AE Viallochete sane eee 42 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $1.50 per year; foreign, $1.60 in advance; single copies 35 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Au- thors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, tr North Broadway, White Plains, N. Y. PULTE TIN OF THE ; BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XVII FEBRUARY, 1922 No. 1. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ANTS OF STATEN ISLAND AND LONG ISLAND, N. Y. By Wo. T. Davis ano J. BEQUAERT. When Prof. Wm. M. Wheeler became an active member of the New York Entomological Society, in October, 1905, some of those who attended the meetings were naturally led to paying attention to the ever-interesting ant and her ways. Not only did it become possible to get specimens named, but field excursions were under- taken by Prof. Wheeler and some of the members of the Society to Long Island, Staten Island, and New Jersey. The Pine Barrens of the last-named State were particularly productive of interesting finds and several new species of ants were collected there. In the Pine Barrens there were also large colonies of the beautiful, shin- ing black Dolichoderus taschenbergi var. aterrimus, the red and black, but equally shining Dolichoderus mariae, and the’ slow- moving, spiny-backed, fungus-growing Trachymyrmex septentri- onalis. This last received much attention. On the small pine trees there were occasionally a number of “cow-sheds,” built by Cre- matogaster pilosa. It is of interest that this ant has not yet been collected on either Staten Island or Long Island. It is also of interest that no colonies of either Dolichoderus t. var. aterrimus or D. mariae have been found on Staten Island, though both species are resident in the pine barren areas of Long Island. It would seem that at least D. mariae subsp. davisi Wheeler, not uncommon at Jamesburg and elsewhere in the Delaware Valley region, should also be found on Staten Island, which is included in this region on the faunal map accompanying the late Prof. Smith’s Report on New Jersey Insects (1910). While the colonies of the fungus- growing ant have been found far out on Long Island, thus greatly 1 2 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomologtcal Society Vol. XVII extending the previously known range of the species, it also is yet to be discovered on Staten Island. Some of these species may at one time have occurred on Staten Island, when the flora of its sandy ground areas had not been so frequently fire-swept, and was more like that to be found at present on parts of Long Island. Some ants, as is well known, follow certain soil conditions and the accompanying flora, as, for instance, particular plants that support the aphids, coccids, and tree-hoppers they attend. Oak galls of some species, also the secretory glands on the leaves of the Ailanthus, wild cherry (Prunus serotina), and poplars, some- times contribute to the support of ants. In the Half Way Hollow Hills, near Wyandanch, L. I., on July 4, 1910, the following ants were found attending the glands near the base of the leaf-blades of Populus grandidentata: Myrmica scabrinodis schencki vat. emeryana, Leptothorax longtspinosus, L. curvispinosus, Tapsnoma sessile, Lasius niger var. americanus, Formica fusca var. sub- sericea, Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus and its var. fer- rugimeus. On another occasion, at Yaphank, June g to II, 1912, the leaf glands on some young Populus grandidentata were visited by Monomorium minutum, Myrmica scabrinodis schencks var. emeryana, Dolichoderus plagiatus, Prenolepis imparis, Formaca fusca var. subsericea, F. neogagates, and Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus var. ferrugineus. It must, however, be noted that ants are not the only insects attracted by the foliar nectaries of this poplar, for one finds on them numbers of flies, beetles, bees, etc. In his annotated List of the Ants of New Jersey (1905), Prof. Wheeler lists 93 species, subspecies, and varieties, but for a num- ber of these no definite localities could be recorded, though they may occur in the State. The revised List of New Jersey Insects published by the late Prof. J. B. Smith in rg1o records 86 forms of ants, but some of his names are undoubtedly based on erroneous identifications. Thus his Stenamma piceum evidently duplicates Aphaenogaster fulva aquia var. picea of the same list; Lasius umbratus mixtus var. affinis Schenck is a European form not known from North America; and Formica sanguinea rubicunda var. sntegroides Wheeler is an ant of the western United States. Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 3 On the other hand, a number of additions to the New Jersey ants have been made in recent years, so that 88 distinct forms of Formicidae are at present definitely known to occur in the State. For the sake of comparison with the Long Island and Staten Island List, we subjoin the following revised enumeration of New Jersey ants: Stigmatomma pallipes (Haldeman). Ponera coarctata pennsylvanica (Buckley). Sysphincta pergandei Emery. Proceratium crassicorne Emery. Myrmecina graminicola americana Emery. Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus). Monomorium minimum (Buckley). Solenopsis molesta (Say). Crematogaster lineolata (Say). Crematogaster lineolata var. lutescens Emery. Crematogaster lineolata var. cerasi (Fitch). Crematogaster pilosa Pergande. Pheidole davisi Wheeler. Pheidole morrisi Forel. Pheidole vinelandica Forel. Pheidole vinelandica var. longula Emery. Pheidole pilifera (Roger). Stenamma brevicorne (Mayr). A phaenogaster treatae Forel. A phaenogaster mariae Forel. Aphaenogaster lamellidens Mayr. A phaenogaster fulva Roger. Aphaenogaster fulva aquia (Buckley). Aphaenogaster fulva aquia var. picea Emery. Myrmica punctiventris Roger. Myrmica punctiventris pinetorum Wheeler. Myrmica scabrinodis var. sabulets Meinert. Myrmica scabrinodis var. fracticornis Emery. Myrmica scabrinodis schencki var. emeryana Forel. Myrmica brevinodis var. canadensis Wheeler. Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr. Leptothorax longispinosus Roger. Leptothorax fortinodis Mayr. Leptothorax schaums Roger. Leptothorax texanus davisi Wheeler. Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus). Trachymyrmex septentrionalis (McCook). 4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII Tapinoma sessile (Say). Tapinoma pruinosum Roger. Dorymyrmex pyramicus (Roger). Dolichoderus mariae Forel. Dolichoderus mariae davisi Wheeler. Dolichoderus taschenbergs var. aterrimus Wheeler. Dolichoderus plagiatus (Mayr). Dolichoderus plagiatus var. mornatus Wheeler. Dolichoderus plagiatus pustulatus Mayr.” Dolichoderus plagiatus pustulatus var. beutenmuellert Wheeler. Brachymyrmesx heeri depilis Emery. Prenolepis imparis (Say). Prenolepts imparts var. testacea Emery. Prenolepis parvula Mayr. Prenolepis arenivaga Wheeler. Lasius niger var. americanus Emery. Lasius niger var. neoniger Emery. Lasius brevicornis Emery. Lasius flavus nearcticus Wheeler. Lasius umbratus mixtus var. aphidicola (Walsh). Lasius umbratus minutus Emery. Lasius umbratus speculiventris Emery. Laswus interjectus Mayr. Lasius claviger (Roger). Lasius claviger subglaber Emery. Lasius latipes (Walsh). Lasius murphyi Forel. Formica sanguinea rubicunda Emery. Formica sanguinea subintegra Emery. Formica truncicola integra Nylander. Formica truncicola obscurwwentris Mayr. Formica difficilis Emery. Formica exsectoides Forel. Formica exsectoides var. davisi Wheeler. Formica fusca var. subsericea Say. Formica neogagates Emery. Formica pallide-fulva Latreille. Formica pallide-fulva schaufussi Mayr. Formica pallide-fulva schaufussi var. incerta Emery. Formica pallide-fulva nstidiventris Emery. Formica pallide-fulva nitidiventris var. fuscata Emery. Polyergus lucidus Mayr. Camponotus castaneus (Latreille). Camponotus castaneus americanus Mayr. Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus (De Geer). Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 5 Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus var. ferrugineus (Fa- bricius). Camponotus herculeanus ligniperdus var. noveboracensis (Fitch). Camponotus caryae (Fitch). Camponotus caryae var. minutus Emery. Camponotus caryae var. pardus Wheeler. Camponotus caryae subbarbatus Emery. Of the three ants that have been found on Long Island, but have not yet been recorded from New Jersey, one, Tetramorium gui- neense, is an introduced form, only found in greenhouses and not properly belonging to the local fauna; while the two others, Strumigenys pergandei and Formica truncicola obscuriventris var. gymnomma, will eventually be found in that State. Twenty-three forms of the New Jersey list have not been taken on Long Island. A number of these, such as Sysphincta pergandet, Monomorium pharaonis, Pheidole vinelandica, Leptothorax schaumi, Camponotus herculeanus ligniperdus var. noveboracensis, probably occur there. Others, however, such as Crematogaster pilosa, Aphaenogaster mariae, A. lamellidens, Leptothorax texanus davisi, and Preno- lepis arenivaga, may not be found farther north than the New Jersey pine barren area. The present list records 68 species, subspecies, and varieties of ants for Long Island and 55 for Staten Island. While these num- bers will undoubtedly be somewhat altered by future investiga- tions, they nevertheless compare very favorably with what is known of the ant fauna of the eastern United States in general, considering the small areas involved (Long Island, with 1,682 square miles; Staten Island, with 58 square miles). New Jersey, with a considerably larger and much more varied territory (7,815 square miles), possesses only few additional forms. The writers wish to acknowledge their indebtedness to Professor Wm. Morton Wheeler, who has helped them not only with the identification of doubtful specimens, but also in various other ways, especially in criticizing the revised list of New Jersey Formicidae. 6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII PONERINAE. 1. Stigmatomma pallipes (Haldeman). StaTEN Is_anp: Arlington, June 9, 1907, under stump in the ground (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: West Hills; Wading River (Ds. Coll.); North Beach, in damp woods under logs (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Yaphank (C. W. Leng Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). These specimens all belong to the var. wheelers Santschi, which, in Prof. Wheeler’s opinion, can hardly be distinguished from the typical form. Though this is not a very rare ant, it is difficult to find, because its colonies are small; they are established in or under stumps, in rich woods. It is most frequently met with sifting. Its larger size and its very long, serrate mandibles separate it readily from the common Ponera coarctata. In September, 1903, a nest of this species was found under a stone, north of Inwood on Manhattan Island, and on September 9, 1905, ants of the same species were found under the same stone. The colonies probably continue for a considerable period in the same place if undisturbed. 2. Ponera coarctata (Latreille) var. pennsylvanica (Buckley). SraTEN IstanD: A great number of specimens have been taken at Arrochar, Watchogue, Clove Valley, St. George, and many other places (Ds. Coll.). On September 21, 1919, a nest was found containing workers, several wingless females, and winged males. Lone Istanp: Wyandanch; East New York; West Hills (Ds. Coll.) ; Newton Heights (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Cold Spring Har- bor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This is a common species in woods where it lives in small colo- nies under stones, under the bark of decaying trees, under dry leaves, and such like places. 3. Sysphincta pergandet Emery. StatEN Istanp: Arrochar, near Old Town Road, June 8, 1907, under a stone (Ds. Coll.). A very rare ant. 4. Proceratium crassicorne Emery. STaTEN ISLAND: Taken on several occasions, as, for instance, Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 7 four workers near Old Town Road, May 13, 1906, and one worker from a log containing the nest of a carpenter ant, November 10, 1907 (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Cold Spring Harbor, August 2, workers and cocoons in a rotten stump (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). These are the specimens recorded under the name P. silaceum Roger, in Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., XXI, 1905, p. 375; the correction has been communicated to us by Prof. Wheeler. MyYRMICINAE. 5. Myrmecina graminicola (Fabricius) subsp. americana Emery. STATEN Istanp: Arrochar, June 1, 1907 (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLAND: north of Amagansett (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This small ant nests in logs and stumps, in rich woods. 6. Monomorium minimum (Buckley). STATEN IsLAND: Clove Valley and elsewhere (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLanD: Rockaway (J. B. Coll.) ; Wading River; Baldwin; Pine- lawn; Wyandanch; Gardiner’s Island (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). Nest in the ground, in sandy places. This form is usually recorded as a variety of Monomorium minutum Mayr, but Prof. Wheeler informs us that he is now inclined to regard it as a dis- tinct species. Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus) is likely to be found in houses in Brooklyn. It is a very troublesome house ant, intro- duced from the warmer regions of the Old World. In New York City it has been found on several occasions, as, for instance, Au- gust, 1908, in a house at West 83d St., and this year (1921) at West 7oth St. 7. Solenopsis molesta (Say). STaTEN IsLAND: Tottenville, near Mill Creek, nesting in the sand tube made by Aegeria rileyana, August, 1920; Long Neck (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Baldwin; Wyandanch; Yaphank; Brooklyn; East New York (Ds. Coll.); Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.) ; Forest Park, Brooklyn (L. F. Barnum, lr, Coll}: The specimens from Wyandanch were found nesting under a 8 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII stone, May 1, 1910. This tiny ant is often common in open grassy places, but it is also known to invade houses and nest in the masonry and woodwork. 8. Crematogaster lineolata (Say). STATEN IstanpD: Long Neck; Arlington; Watchogue; and many other places (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Oakdale (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Calverton; Yaphank; Half Way Hollow Hills; Deep Pond and Long Pond, Wading River; Wyandanch; Pinelawn; Amagan- sett; Flushing; Shelter Island; Southhold; West Hills (Ds. Coll.). This is one of our commonest ants in woods. It most fre- quently nests under stones or under bark of fallen trees; sometimes inside logs. Like the related C. pilosa Pergande, of southern New Jersey, this species also constructs. “cow-sheds,’ though more rarely so. At Yaphank, in July, 1908, a “shed” was found on a young locust tree entwined by a Virginia creeper. It was com- posed of bits of leaves, bark, parts of flowers, a few grains of sand, etc., and was about the size of a small hickory nut. Further examples of constructions of this kind by C. lineolata are described and figured in Wheeler’s paper on the habits of the tent-building ant (Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., XXII, 1906, pp. 1-18, Pls. I-VI). On September 21, 1907, at Long Neck, Staten Island, the winged sexes of this Crematogaster were leaving a nest for their nuptial flight. They crawled to the top of a fence post and out on the branches of a poison ivy vine. There the workers would pursue them, and seemed to be inducing them to take wing. They would make several efforts with their wings and finally be gone. Two dragonflies, Anax junius, were flying above the nest, busily engaged devouring the winged males and females which they captured in flight. Swallows also destroy many ants when these insects are swarming. 9. Pheidole davisi Wheeler. Lone Istanp: Wading River, June 24, 1915 (Ds. Coll.). 10. Pheidole morrisi Forel. Lone Istanp: Long Pond, Wading River; Yaphank; Selden (Ds. Coll.). Feb.,1922 Bullettn of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 9 This and the preceding species nest in the pure, white sand of the pine barren region, making small craters. 11. Pheidole pilifera (Roger). STATEN IsLAnD: Tottenville; Arrochar; and elsewhere (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Aqueduct; Pinelawn; Baldwin; Wyan- danch (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This species nests in sandy and gravelly soil and is the only true harvesting ant of our vicinity, storing the chambers of its nest with seeds of grasses and of other plants. 12. Pheidole vinelandica Forel. STATEN IsLAND: Watchogue; Richmond Valley; Rossville; Tot- tenville (Ds. Coll.). This and the following variety probably occur on Long Island also, where they should be looked for in the pine barren region. They nest in clay mixed with sand, throwing out small craters. 13. Pheidole vinelandica var. longula Emery. STATEN IsLAND: Tottenville, making numerous small crater nests in sand (Ds. Coll.). 14. Stenamma brevicorne (Mayr). STATEN IsLAND: In a salt meadow, November 6, 1907; also on May 13 (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Cold Spring Harbor, May 19, 1909, two females, one of them winged (Ds. Coll.). This is a rare species, nesting under stones and dead leaves in shady woods. The specimens of our vicinity are somewhat dif- ferent from the typical form and should, in Prof. Wheeler’s opin- ion, bear a varietal name. 15. Aphaenogaster treatae Forel. STATEN IsLAnp: Long Neck and elsewhere (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLAND: Pinelawn, September 28, 1907; Long Pond and Deep Pond, Wading River; Riverhead; Central Park; Calverton; Yap- hank; Gardiner’s Island (Ds. Coll.). The nests are burrowed in the sand of open woods. 16. Aphaenogaster fulva Roger subsp. aquia (Buckley). Lone Istanp: Little Neck; Huntington (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). 10 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII a _ne A number of specimens of this subspecies from the following localities belong to an undescribed variety: StaTEN Istanp: New Dorp; Clove Valley (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLanp: Valley Stream; Wyandanch (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Half Way Hollow Hills, nest in old log; Amagansett; Baldwin; Yap- hank; Gardiner’s Island; Selden (Ds. Coll.). This is one of our commonest ants; like the following variety, it nests in logs and under stones in woods. 17. Aphaenogaster fulva subsp. aquia var. picea Emery. StaTEN Istanp: Arrochar, June 8, 1907, nest under stone (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: south of Smithtown (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). 18. Myrmica punctiventris Roger. StaTEN IsLanp: Isolated specimens at Long Neck and other places (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Wyandanch; Yaphank; Ama- gansett ; Gardiner’s Island (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This species is rare and usually obtained sifting dead leaves in woods. 19. Myrmica punctiventris subsp. pinetorum Wheeler. Lone Istanp: Yaphank; Long Pond, Wading River (Ds. Coll.). This is the form of the pure sand of the pine barren region. 20. Myrmica scabrinodis Nylander var. sabuleti Meinert. StaTEN IsLAND: Found on several occasions; it was seen swarm- ing on September 26, 1891; on June 1, 1892, a nest was found con- structed in a clump of grass growing in moist ground, and another similar nest was seen August 28, 1897 (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLanp: Maspeth (C. E. Olsen Coll.) ; Orient (J. B. Coll.) ; Fire Island; Amagansett; Wyandanch; Yaphank (Ds. Coll.). 21. Myrmica scabrinodis subsp. schencki Emery var. emeryana Forel. StaTEN IsLanpD: Tottenville; Arrochar; Long Neck; and many other places (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Pinelawn; Wading River; Gardiner’s Island; Rockaway Beach; Montauk; Yaphank ; Central Park; Massapequa; Wyandanch; Half Way Hollow Hills; Feb.,1922 Bulleten of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 11 Amagansett ; Orient; south of Smithtown; Southhold; Fire Island; Brooklyn (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This form is the one recorded as M. rubra scabrinodis var. schencki in Wheeler’s List of the Ants of New Jersey (1905). It is very common in our neighborhood and nests in the ground, preferably in sandy or gravelly and sunny places, such as roadsides, dry pastures, and the like. The tooth or lobe at the base of the antennal scape offers much diversity in specimens taken from dif- ferent nests and the records here given for emeryana probably relate to several forms which, however, have not yet been distin- guished in this country. 22. Myrmica brevinodis Emery var. canadensis Wheeler. Lone IsLtanp: Pinelawn (Ds. Coll.). This is a more boreal ant which nests in bogs and low-lying meadows. 23. Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr. STATEN IsLAND: Richmond; Watchogue; Arrochar; and many other places (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Half Way Hollow Hills; Wyandanch; Yaphank; Amagansett; Pinelawn (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This ant usually nests in hollow twigs of the elder in shady woods, but we have found it sometimes in decayed wood. On April 18, 1909, a nest was discovered in a stem of purple boneset (Eupatorium) at Richmond, S. I. Very frequently, too, the female chooses old galls for its nesting site, so, for instance, on August 12, 1883, a nest was found in an empty fly gall on golden rod, and at Lakehurst, N. J., a nest was observed in the large oak- apple of Amphibolips confluentus Harris. Swarming was wit- nessed July 8, 1907. 24. Leptothorax longispmosus Roger. StaTEN Istanp: Willow Brook; May 6, 1906, a nest of this species was found in the bark of a tree; Tottenville; Arrochar (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Amagansett; Half Way Hollow Hills ; Gardiner’s Island (Ds. Coll.). According to Wheeler, this ant nests under small stones lying on large boulders, in the clefts of rocks, and more rarely under bark. 12 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII 25. Leptothorax fortinodis Mayr. STATEN ISLAND: Found on several occasions at Richmond, run- ning on the trunk of a dead oak, in May and June, 1908, and again May 30, 1909. Lone Istanp: Calverton (Ds. Coll.). This is a rare ant in our vicinity. It nests in the bark of dead trees. 26. Leptothorax schaumu Roger. StaTEN Istanp: A few specimens were found at Richmond to- gether with the foregoing species (Ds. Coll.). L. fortinodis and L. schaumi were taken from the same situa- tions, running on the bark of trees. ‘Their distinction seems to be very unsatisfactory. 27. Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus). StaTEN Istanp: Arrochar; New Brighton; and elsewhere (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Baldwin; Forest Park (Ds. Coll.) ; Rock- away Beach (J. B. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This ant has been introduced from Europe, but is now well established in the eastern United States. In our neighborhood it is common in gardens and country houses; it has also been found in apartment houses in New York City. Swarming was witnessed on June 18. 28. Tetramorium guineense (Fabricius). Lone IsLtanp: Introduced; in the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden, at Brooklyn, January, 1921 (Ds. Coll.). 29. Strumigenys pergandes Emery. Lone Istanpb: Forest Park, Brooklyn, September, 1908; several specimens of this very rare ant were found under a small stone by Mir ee Baran, fr: 30. Trachymyrmex septentrionalis (McCook). Lone Istanp: The fungus-growing ant has now been found in. several localities: Wading River, June 1, 1913, June 25, 1913, and May 31, 1914; near Deep Pond and south of Long Pond, Wading River, September 1, 1919; Hauppaug, June 1, 1914; near Mill Pond, south of Smithtown, June 1, 1914; Selden, August 30, 1916 (Ds. Coll.). Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 13 All these points are either in the pine barren area or in sandy regions. Previous to its discovery on Long Island, as recorded in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society, March, 1914 (Vol. XXII, p. 64), it had not been found farther north than the vicinity of the Raritan River, New Jersey. This is the only fungus-growing or cutting ant that extends into the Northern States and it is found only in pine barren or similar sandy regions, nesting in pure sand. “It moves very slowly and is so timid that it retreats into its nest at the slightest alarm. The nest is not easily found except during the spring and autumn when the ants are actively excavating. At such times one may find a circular nest entrance about three sixteenths of an inch in diameter and an inch or two to one side of it a pile of sand brought out by the workers. The entrance leads into an oblique gallery, which widens at intervals into two or three spheroidal chambers, varying from 1 to 2 inches in diameter. Sometimes these chambers form the blind terminations of two or three different galleries branching off from the main or entrance gallery. The rootlets of plants are left spanning the chambers and from these fibrous supports the fungus gardens are suspended. They consist of a substratum of bits of leaves, buds, green seeds, and caterpillar excrement col- lected by the ants and woven together by the white hyphae of a mould-like fungus, which is carefully cultivated by the insects and constitutes their only food. Since the culture of the fungus de- pends on definite degrees of moisture and temperature, the ants are very careful of the ventilation of their nest. During the dry spells of midsummer the entrance is closed with bits of leaves and twigs to prevent the escape of the requisite humidity. At such times it is almost impossible to find the nests. In spring, however, when, after the first warm rains, the ants are clearing and renovating their chambers, and again in the fall after they have raised their brood and are preparing for the winter, the external architecture of the nest is more noticeable”’ (Wheeler). In May, 1906, this ant was observed at Lakehurst, N. J., carry- ing the petals of Gaylussacia into its nest, as well as a few other bits of flowers, etc. In one instance a flower and part of its stem from a Gaylussacia had proven too big to be taken into the nest and had been left near the entrance. In one of the nests that was 14 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII opened the chambers were stored with many petals, etc., but chiefly with the flowers of Gaylussacia. On August 19, 1909, several winged females were taken on bushes and on the ground at Bon- hamtown, N. J., the northernmost locality where this ant has been found in New Jersey. A more detailed account of the habits of this interesting species is given by Prof. Wheeler in the Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XXIII, 1907, pp. 746-753. DOLICHODERINAE. 31. Tapinoma sessile (Say). STATEN IsLAND: Old Place; Todt Hill; Watchogue; Totten- ville; etc. (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLtanp: Rockaway Beach; River- head; Yaphank; Wading River; Orient; Fire Island; Wyandanch; Pinelawn (Ds. Coll.). One of the most common local ants. It nests between dry leaves, under stones or pieces of wood, under bark, etc. On June 27 a nest was found raised in the grass of a wet meadow, at the edge of the salt meadows, near Midland Beach, S. I. 32. Tapinoma pruinosum Roger. Lone IsLanp: Yaphank; Wyandanch; Montauk (Ds. Coll.). 33. Dorymyrmex pyramicus (Roger). Lone Istanp: Wading River (Ds. Coll.). 34. Dolichoderus mariae Forel. Lone IsLanp: Pinelawn; Riverhead; Long Beach; Wyandanch; Calverton; Yaphank; Selden; Massapequa (Ds. Coll.). During a visit to Pinelawn, L. I., September 28, 1907, in com- pany with Prof. Wheeler and Mr. Beutenmuller, a nest of this species was found about a clump of grass. At Lakehurst, N. J., D. mariae more often locates its nest in grass tussocks, especially those of Andropogon scoparius, from which the ants remove much of the sand; the grass is frequently stunted as a consequence. 35. Dolichoderus taschenbergi (Mayr) var. aterrimus Wheeler (D. taschenbergs var. gagates Wheeler ). STATEN ISLAND: A winged male near the seashore, June 4, 1912; perhaps not nesting on the island (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLanp: Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 15 Wyandanch; Calverton; Central Park; Amagansett; Yaphank; Pinelawn; Massapequa; about a mile north of Coram (Ds. Coll.). Ants of this species were attending soft, young galls produced by an apparently undescribed cynipid on very young acorns of Quercus nana, at’ Jamesburg, N. J., September 19, 1908. 36. Dolichoderus plagiatus (Mayr). STaTEN Istanp: Long Neck; Tottenville; Watchogue (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Wyandanch (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Yap- hank; Amagansett; south of Smithtown; Massapequa; West Hills (Ds. Coll.). At Yaphank, July 13, 1907, numerous workers of this ant were attending the nectaries at the base of the leaf-blade of Populus grandidentata, on the upper side of the leaf, in company with many other ants, flies, beetles, etc. 37: Dolichoderus plagiatus var. inornatus Wheeler. STATEN IsLAND (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Pinelawn; Yap- hank; south of Smithtown (Ds. Coll.). 38. Dolichoderus plagiatus subsp. pustulatus Mayr. STATEN IsLANnpD: Tottenville (Ds. Coll.). Lona IsLanpb: Yap- hank; south of Smithtown; Massapequa; Wyandanch (Ds. Coll.). 39. Dolichoderus plagiatus subsp. pustulatus var. beutenmuellert Wheeler. Lone Istanp: Coram; Wyandanch; Massapequa; Farmingdale ; south of Smithtown; Selden (Ds. Coll.). FORMICINAE. 40. Brachymyrmex heeri Forel subsp. depilis Emery. StaTEN IsLAnD: New Springville, nest under stone, April 15, 1910 (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This is the smallest of the local ants and seems to be subter- ranean or nocturnal in habits. 41. Prenolepis tmparis (Say). StaTEN IsLanp: Tottenville; New Brighton; Watchogue; Long Neck; Annadale (Ds. Coll.). Lona Istano: Amagansett; Yap- hank; Calverton; Montauk ; Pinelawn; Deep Pond, Wading River ; 16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII Gardiner’s Island (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). On March 29, 1910, the departure of the winged sexes from the nest was witnessed. 42. Prenolepis imparis var. testacea Emery. StaTEN IsLAND: Tottenville (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLanp: Wad- ing River; Amagansett (Ds. Coll.). This is a pale-colored form more commonly found in pine barren country. According to Prof. Wheeler, it seems to be somewhat nocturnal in its habits. 43. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) parvula Mayr. Straten Istanp: Long Neck; Arrochar; Tottenville; Watch- ogue, nesting in sand (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Pinelawn; Wyandanch; Central Park (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). Prenolepis (Nylanderia) longicornis (Latreille), the “crazy ant,’ in all probability exists in Brooklyn, since it was found in houses in New York City on several occasions. Its original home is India, whence it has spread over a large part of the world and has now become one of the house ants of this country. 44. Lasius niger (Linnaeus) var. americanus Emery. STATEN IsLAND: Common everywhere: Arrochar; Arlington; Watchogue; Long Neck; etc. (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Flat- bush; Rockaway Beach (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Maspeth (C. E. Olsen Coll.) ; Brooklyn; Yaphank; Fire Island; Gardiner’s Island; Pinelawn; Wyandanch (Ds. Coll.) ; Jamaica (J. B. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler -Coll.). This is the most abundant and common ant of this vicinity. Workers were seen carrying sand out of their nest as early as March 31 and as late as November 11. At Jamaica, L. I., April 4, 1920, many nests were found under stones in a field, all containing numerous hibernating coccids and aphids. Winged sexual forms were common on Turnpike Road, S. I., April 19, 1920. This species occasionally builds “cow-sheds” over Homoptera, com- posed of minute fragments of sticks, leaves, and other vegetable matter, also some grains of sand. They are more fragile than Feb.,1922 Bulletsn of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 17 those built by Crematogaster. At Yaphank, L. I., on July 26, 1909, it was observed how this ant had in several instances made covered ways, many feet in extent, between the ridges in rough bark of locust trees, leading to its “ cows.” 45. Lasius (Chthonolasius) brevicornis Emery. Lone Istanp: Long Beach (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Yaphank (Ds. Call: ).. 46. Lasius (Chthonolasius) flavus (Linnaeus) subsp. nearcticus Wheeler (Lasius myops Forel). Lone Istanp: Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This species lives in small colonies, in damp, shady woods, under stones or leaf-mould. 47. Lastus (Chthonolasius) umbratus (Nylander) subsp. mixtus (Nylander) var. aphidicola (Walsh). STATEN IsLAnpD: South shore; Mariners’ Harbor (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLtanp: Gardiner’s Island (Ds. Coll.). A nest in a stump, at Staten Island, opened on April 10, con- tained aphids. 48. Lasius (Chthonolasius) umbratus subsp. minutus Emery. STATEN Istanp: New Springville, forming a large mound nest (Ds. Coll.). 49. Lasius (Acanthomyops) interjectus Mayr. STATEN IsLanD: Found on many occasions (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLAND: Coram (Ds. Coll.). A nest under bark, at the base of a tree, opened June 1, 1907, emitted an odor like that of citronella; another in a rotten log smelled strongly of formic acid when opened May 15, 1916. 50. Lasius (Acanthomyops) claviger (Roger). STATEN IsLanD: Common in many places: Clove Valley; Prin- cess Bay; etc. (Ds. Coll.). Lona Istanp: Selden; Amagansett ; Riverhead; Long Pond, Wading River; Gardiner’s Island (Ds. Coll.) ; Huntington; Flatbush (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; North Beach; Maspeth (C. E. Olsen Coll.) ; Jamaica (J. B. Coll.). This is a common species, nesting under stones along the edges of woods. The dedlated females are occasionally found walking about on mild days in winter. 18 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII 51. Lasius (Acanthomyops) lattpes (Walsh). SraTEN IsLAND: Tottenville and elsewhere (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Selden; Yaphank; Riverhead; Rockaway; West Hills; Wyandanch; Gardiner’s Island (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). i The nest of this species is rather common in grassy fields, under large stones. One found on Staten Island, April 14, 1907, con- tained many aphids. 52. Lasius (Acanthomyops) murphys Forel. STATEN IsLAND: St. George; New Brighton; Clove Valley; Watchogue (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLanp: Rockaway; Baldwin (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). 53. Formica sanguinea Latreille subsp. rubicunda Emery. Lone Istanp: Coram (Ds. Coll.). 54. Formica sanguinea subsp. subintegra Emery. STaTEN Istanp: New Brighton; Clove Valley; Watchogue; etc. (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Yaphank; Half Way Hollow Hills; Riverhead; Pinelawn (Ds. Coll.). The nests are usually placed under stones in grassy places along the edges of woods. This ant keeps numerous slaves of the black species, F. fusca var. subsericea, and is often seen carrying one of these about; occasionally workers of F. schaufussi are also kept in the nest. At Watchogue, S. I., July 14, 1906, this ant was seen raiding a nest of Aphaenogaster, taking the dead victims home for food. Raids either for pupae or food are generally made on the warmest of days. 55. Formica truncicola Nylander subsp. integra Nylander. STATEN IsLAND: Richmond; near Bradley’s Road; Reed’s Val- ley; Great Kills (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Rockaway Beach (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Riverhead; Yaphank; Wyandanch; Deep Pond, Wading River; Half Way Hollow Hills; West Hills (Ds. Coll.) ; Long Beach (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This subspecies nests in piles of large stones or old logs and stumps, often in great colonies, and prefers sunny glades or clear- ings in the woods. Like F. défficilis, it attends the young of the membracid Thelia bimaculata. At Yaphank, L. I., on July 26, Feb.,1922 Bullettn of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 19 1909, the young of this tree-hopper were found covered over by these ants about the base of some locusts, and they had also carried material about 1 foot 5 inches up into the rough bark of the trees. The nests of integra are not as common on Long Island and Staten Island as those of F. exsectoides. They usually consist of bits of wood, leaves, etc., piled up against an old stump or log, and while they receive the warm rays of the sun, they are at the same time much exposed to beating rains. A much better protected nest was found on August 5, 1913, near Riverhead, L. I., where a tree with a hollow base had been chosen by the ants; into it they had piled the usual bits of vegetable matter. In this instance they at least had a substantial roof over their heads. Another case of a sub- stantial roof was a nest found September 19, 1920, on the ledge of the immense drift boulder near Setucket, L. I., built about and under a piece of old tin, which, when removed, caused the ants to squirt formic acid at the intruder. Sometimes these above-ground parts of the nest have some outlying annexes, as, for instance, in the one we once discovered against what appeared to be an old bear trap in the Adirondacks, where the ants also had a collection of material on one of the upper logs entirely separated from the material against the lower logs and on the ground. At Jamesburg, N. J., on September 20, 1908, a number of workers of this ant were attending galls of Disholcaspis mamma Walsh, on Quercus bicolor, for the secretion found at the surface. 56. Formica truncicola subsp. obscuriventris Mayr. Lone Istanp: Riverhead; Coram; Pinelawn; Wading River; north of Amagansett; Gardiner’s Island (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (J. B. Coll.). 57. Formica truncicola subsp. obscuriventris var. gymnomma Wheeler. Lone Istanp: Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). 58. Formica diffictlis Emery. StaTEN Istanp: Long Neck; Watchogue; Clove Valley; etc. (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Coram; Gardiner’s Island; Calver- ton; Yaphank; Selden; Orient; Pinelawn; Half Way Hollow Hills; Wyandanch; Riverhead (Ds. Coll.). 20 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII The nesting habits of this species are similar to those of F. trun- cicola subsp. integra. At Yaphank, L. I., on July 26, 1908, piles of bits of leaves, moss, sticks, etc., were found about the base of two locust trees that constituted a shelter for immature tree- hoppers, Thelia bimaculata. ‘These shelters were built by F. diffi- célis and were cavernous within so that the ants could attend the young tree-hoppers. When the shelters were examined, the ants gave battle by biting and spraying formic acid. The same species of ants was also attending some mature and immature Thelia bsmaculata further up on the trunks of the small locusts. There was one large, deformed tree-hopper that could not fly that was being patted on the back by a Formica difficilis, and the others, both young and mature insects, seemed to regard the attentions of the ants very favorably. The mature Thelia could easily have flown away if they were annoyed by the ants, as they so readily did when touched by the human hand ever so gently. 59. Formica exsectotdes Forel. Straten IsLtAND: Richmond; Kreischerville; Annadale; Mari- ners’ Harbor ; near Bradley’s Road; Tottenville (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLAND: Wyandanch (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; north of Amagansett ; Yaphank; Deep Pond, Wading River; Selden; Montauk (Ds. Coll.) ; Farmingdale (J. B. Coll.). The mound-building ant is generally distributed on Staten Island, but its conspicuous nests are often dug into, which ultimately destroys a colony. North of Amagansett, L. I., in the direction of the Fire Place, some large nests of this species of ant were found in September, 1910; one nest was 10 feet in diameter and 2 feet g inches high. Another considerable colony of the mound-building ant is near the western end of Deep Pond, at Wading River, L. I. Near Great Kills, S. I., a colony of the tree-hopper Vanduzea arquata, in all stages from little ones up, was found on a locust tree and was attended by F. exsectoides. The mound nests of this Formtca contain many myrmecophilous beetles. In the Journal of the New York Entomological Society, Vol. XVI, 1908, p. 59, Mr. Leng enumerates the following beetles taken by him on April 28, 1908, in the nests of Formica exsec- toides at Newfoundland, N. J.: Tachyura incurva (Say), Ptoma- Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society pA phagus parasitus (Leconte), Cedius ziegleri Leconte, Hetaerius brunneipennts Randall, Megastilicus formicarius Casey, Cremasto- chetlus castaneae Knoch, and Batrisodes fossicauda Casey. 60. Formica fusca Linnaeus var. subsericea Say. STATEN IsLAND: A very common ant everywhere, even in the thickly settled parts of the island, where it is often seen on side- walks. Lone Istanp: Flatbush (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Central Park; Wading River ; Gardiner’s Island; Wyandanch; West Hills; Amagansett; Yaphank (Ds. Coll.) ; Flushing (J. B. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This ant nests usually in sunny, grassy places and either con- structs low mounds or excavates its galleries under stones, boards, the bark of stumps, etc. A nest, 18 feet in diameter, was found at the southern end of Deep Pond, Wading River, L. I., July 26, 1914. At Flushing, L. I., this ant was seen attending coccids on elder. In May, 1913, at Wading River, L. I., a geometrid moth, Therina pellucidaria, was seen to fall to the ground from a pine tree, and upon investigation it was discovered that it had been attacked by a F. fusca, which was still clinging to it. This species is the usual slave of Formica sanguinea. 61. Formica (Proformica) neogagates Emery. STATEN IsLAND (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Gardiner’s Island (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (J. B. Coll.). 62. Formica (Neoformica) pallidefulva Latreille subsp. schaufussi Mayr. STATEN JsLanD: Common in many places: Todt Hill; Watch- ogue; etc. (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Pinelawn; Amagansett ; Yaphank; Deep Pond, Wading River; Wyandanch; Gardiner’s Island (Ds. Coll.). At Tottenville, S. I., on May 29, 1909, a tiger-beetle, Cicindela generosa, was seen to attack a F. p. schaufusss running on the sand, and then let it go suddenly. Later the same ant twice approached the Cicindela and on both occasions the beetle ran away. 63. Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi var. incerta Emery. STATEN IsLtanpD: Todt Hill (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Wyan- danch; Hempstead (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; south of Smithtown (Ds. Coll): 22 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII 64. Formica pallidefulva subsp. nitidiventris Emery. SraTEN IsLAND (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Amagansett; Cal- verton; Southhold; Gardiner’s Island; Montauk (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). 65. Formica pallidefulva subsp. nitidiventris var. fuscata Emery. SraTEN Istanp: Todt Hill (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Wyan- danch; Amagansett; Gardiner’s Island; Central Park; Montauk (Ds5 (Goll) 66. Polyergus lucidus Mayr. Lone Istanp: Long Pond, Wading River, September I, 1919; Pinelawn, September 28, 1907; Selden, August 30, 1916 (Ds. Coil): In each case this ant was found with its slave, Formica pallide- fulva schaufussi. The “shining slave-maker” is quite unable to feed itself, excavate its nest, or care for its own brood, but de- pends for this on the schaufussi workers which it kidnaps from their nest in the pupal stage. 67. Camponotus castaneus (Latreille). StaTEN IsLAND: June 3, 1893, nest under a stone (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Central Park (Ds. Coll.). This species and the following form nests in the ground, usually under stones or logs. 68. Camponotus castaneus subsp. americanus Mayr. StaTEN IstAnp: New Brighton and many other places (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Wyandanch; Yaphank; Half Way Hollow Hills; Deep Pond, Wading River; Melville; Rockaway Beach; Pinelawn; Gardiner’s Island (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This ant is much more common in our vicinity than the typical form. It is more or less nocturnal and is often found on the sugar mixture placed on the trunks of trees for moths. 69. Camponotus herculeanus (Linnaeus) subsp. pennsylvanicus (De Gast). STATEN ISLAND: Common (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Central Park; Yaphank; Fire Island; south of Smithtown; Gardiner’s Island; Southhold (Ds. Coll.) ; Huntington (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 23 Springs (J. B. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.). This is the common “carpenter ant,’ which nests usually in shady woods, in old logs and stumps. Occasionally it invades the woodwork of farmhouses and then visits the kitchen for sweets. The beetle Xenodusa cava (Leconte) is a common inmate of its nest. In the Proceedings of the Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences for November, 1907, several nests of this species are described, and a fine example of their carpenter work in white pine from near Richmond Valley, S. I., is on exhibition in the American Museum of Natural History. Their nests have been found in the trunks of many species of native trees, but the nest differs some- what with the character of the wood. For many years a nest existed in an old cherry tree near St. George, S. I., and at times little heaps of fine particles of wood accumulated at the base of the tree, indicating the activity of the ants within. Ants from this nest would ascend a near-by pear tree and, choosing one or two pears, eat out the interior, leaving large caverns. Asa rule, there was no indication from an external view of the pear, of its partly hollow condition, except, of course, the hole used as a door-way by the ants. They were observed at this work on several different occasions, and in August, 1888, it was noted that they had eaten into two pears before they were ripe and made considerable cham- bers within. However, these same ants were in part beneficial, for on August 15, 1886, one of the ants was seen with a caterpillar of unknown species, and another with a sawfly larva off of a near-by currant bush. These ants, when approached, will sometimes vi- brate their abdomens. On another occasion one of these ants was seen in the act of attacking an Apatela moth resting on the trunk of a tree, but when the moth flirted its wings the ant went on its way up the tree and let the moth alone. As with the species of Formica already referred to, this ant was also observed at Yaphank, L. I, ‘ in July, 1908, attending a colony of immature Thelia bimaculata. The Camponotus had made a shelter for the tree-hoppers at the base of a young locust tree, but its construction was different from the shelters made by Formica. 70. Camponotus herculaneus subsp. pennsylvanicus var. ferrugt- neus (Fabricius). 24 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII StTaTEN Istanp: Richmond Hill; Watchogue; Clove Valley; etc. (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Jamaica; Wyandanch (F. M. _ Schott Coll.) ; Yaphank; Amagansett; Coram; Melville; Deep Pond and Long Pond, Wading River; Southhold; Cold Spring Harbor; Half Way Hollow Hills; south of Smithtown (Ds. Coll.). Camponotus herculaneus subsp. ligniperdus var. noveboracensis (Fitch) has been recorded from Staten Island in Smith’s list of New Jersey insects, but we have seen no specimens from that locality. 71. Camponotus (Myrmentoma) caryae (Fitch) (C. fallax var. nearctscus Emery). Staten Istanp: Long Neck; Tottenville; etc. (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Brooklyn (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.) ; Queens (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Wading River; Yaphank; Gardiner’s Island; Riverhead; Pinelawn; Amagansett; Orient; Central Park; Half Way Hollow Hills (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (J. B. Coll.). This species and its various forms nest in dead twigs of trees, hollow stems of elder bushes, dry blackberry stalks, etc. 72. Camponotus caryae var. minutus Emery. STATEN Istanp: Long Neck; Clove Valley; etc. (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Melville (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Jamaica (Wm. M. Wheeler Coll.) ; Central Park; Massapequa; Yaphank; Amagan- sett; Deep Pond, Wading River; Coram (Ds. Coll.). 73. Camponotus caryae var. pardus Wheeler. Lone Istanp: Queens (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Jamaica (G. v. Krockow Coll.). PAPERS CONSULTED IN THE PREPARATION OF THE PRESENT LIST. Davis, Wm. T. 10907. Nests of the carpenter ant. Proceedings Staten Island Association Arts and Sciences, II, pp. 10-12. —1914. The fungus-growing ant on Long Island, New York. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., XXII, pp. 64-65. —— 1915. A Long Island ants’ nest eighteen feet in diameter. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., XXIII, p. 69. Describes a large nest of Formica fusca var. subsericea found at Deep Pond, Wading River. Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 25 1915. Long Island collecting notes. The fungus-growing ant near Smithtown. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., X, p. 81. Smith, John B. i910. Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey. Contains many references to the ants of Staten Island. Wheeler, Wm. M. 1905. An annotated list of the ants of New Jersey. Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., XXI, pp. 371- 403. 1906. On the founding of colonies by queen ants, with special reference to the parasitic and slave-making species. Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., XXII, pp. 33-105, Pls. VIII-XIV. On Plate XIII, figs. 1 and 2, and Plate XIV, fig. I, are reproduced photographs of the fine examples of nests of Formica exsectoides found near Arlington railroad station, Staten Island, September 10, 1904. A new form of Harpalus.—Harpalus gregarius Fauvel is one of the commonest beetles under stones in the Madeira Archipelago. On January 31, 1921, I collected it at about 3,000 feet, near the Pico do Serrado, in Madeira. On January 20 I obtained a good series on the Ilheo de Cima (Lighthouse Island), Porto Santo. Wollaston long ago called attention to the peculiarities of the Porto Santo form, but remarked that it was variable. I find, however, that the I. de Cima specimens constantly differ, not only in the greater width of the prothorax behind, but also in a character not noticed by Wollaston. In Madeira the innermost stria of each elytron curves outward basally to meet the second stria, while mesad of this is a deeply incised short-curved stria, its posterior end quite free. In the Porto Santo (I. de Cima) form the striae are not so deeply incised and the innermost stria, though bent, con- tinues to the base without approaching the second. Laterad of this is a somewhat oblique short detached stria, which is morpho- logically equivalent to the deflected end of the first stria in the Madeira insects. The I. de Cima form is therefore quite recog- nizably distinct, and may be known as subsp. cimensis, nov.— T. D. A. CoCKERELL. "| aLvid ‘i UIMIN ‘sHJonuIs snsaI0gK T, “TAX “OA aS h ATA "ALAINOG IVOIDOIOWOLNA NAINOONR NILAIING Feb., 1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Le) ~I OBSERVATIONS ON TYPOCERUS SINUATUS NEWMAN AS A FORAGE PLANT PEST. By J. S. Wap, Scientific Assistant, Bureau of Entomology. The larval stage of Typocerus sinuatus Newman, of the Cole- opterous family Cerambycidae, hitherto supposed to be of economic importance solely as a pest of forest trees, recently has become known to have potential possibilities as a grass pest in the central Great Plains region. The data here presented are based upon observations made by the writer and other assistants of the Bureau of Entomology in southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma, during the years 1913-14, upon the insect as a pest of the root system of Andropogon scoparius Michx. Andropogon scopartus Michx., commonly known as Little blue- stem, is abundant throughout the eastern United States, is a valu- able forage grass, and forms part of the wild prairie hay in the eastern portion of the central Great Plains region. It has long been known as one of the favorite hibernating plants for the chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus Say. It was while pulling apart the roots of this grass in search of overwintering chinch bugs that the larvae of Typocerus sinuatus Newm. were first noticed to be quite numerous as pests thereon. Injury: The character of injury wrought by these insects con- sists of eating out the crown of the plants so that the stems break off just below the ground surface. On breaking apart the particles of earth found beneath bunches of infested grass, such particles appear to contain many fragments of the crown and roots of the plants, and present the same general appearance as do the burrows of other wood borers. The work of this insect may be distin- guished from that of the various species of Crambidae by the presence in these burrows of the feces of the larvae. As many as five larvae often may be found boring into a single clump. Often- times they entirely eat away the base of the plants. The cutting away of the stems and destruction of the center of the root systems render the subsequent growth of the infested clumps stunted and scattered. While the larvae by preference appear most frequently _ to cut out the center of the plants, leaving only a rim of growth 28 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII F around the outside, they also feed in, and at times hollow out, small cavities in the lower part of the stems. It is noticeable that they feed in late spring upon old rather than upon green stems. The extent of damage covers considerable areas in Kansas, note- worthy injury occurring in meadows and pastures in Sumner, Sedgwick, Kingman, Pratt, Ford, Meade, and Seward Counties, and in Oklahoma in Tulsa County. Host Prants: In addition to Andropogon scoparius Michx., the larvae of the insect also are occasionally found feeding upon the roots of Sporobolis aroides Torr., bunch grass; Sorghastrum nutans Linn., Indian grass; and Agropyron smithit Rydb., Colorado blue- stem. The adults also have been collected from Dracopis amplext- caulis Vahl; Ratibtda columnaris Linn., cone flower; Rudbeckia flava Moore, Black-eyed Susan; Aster sp., Yellow aster; and Linum lewisis Pursh., Wild flax. DESCRIPTIONS. The egg stage of this insect was not observed. The larva (Fig. 1) is of the usual cerambycid form, elon- gate, subcylindrical, somewhat wider just behind the head. It is cream color, with brownish head and yellowish-brown mouth parts. The intersegmental constrictions are deep and well defined, the segments wrinkled. The sides of the body are sparsely covered except on certain prominences with acutely pointed tubercles, in the end of each of which there is present a tiny seta. The segments slightly tapering from the prothorax to the caudal extremity. Ten brown spiracles along each side, the first spiracle largest. Little change of color occurs during the growth of the larva. Average length of living mature larva is 14.5 mm. Width at widest part just behind the head is 4 mm. In general shape the very young larva is very much like the mature larva. The larva is quite helpless when removed from the burrow. The pupa (Fig. 2) is soft, white, and oval, with legs, wing pads, and antennae close to the body. Form slender, averag- ing 9 mm. in length by 2.5 mm. in width. Shortly before transformation to adult it becomes darker with brownish color. The adult (Fig. 3) is a slender black beetle, to to 13 mm. in length, with rather dense yellowish pubescence. Thorax strongly convex, narrow in front and with sides rounded, elytra having large yellow spots, the three basal ones con- nected near suture, tips black and tapering behind. _ Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29 Lire History: In the latitude of southern Kansas the larvae of various sizes from 1 mm. to full-length larva overwinter in cells beneath the infested plants and do not feed during such periods. In the spring they early resume their activity. The feeding habits do not vary to any noticeable degree with the various stages of the larvae, though their size may affect their position in the host plants, many small larvae being found in hollowed-out lower portions of stems, whereas the larger larvae are always to be found down in the main burrows. The growth of the larvae is not rapid. The larger larvae discontinue feeding about the middle of April, pupate in tiny earthen cells about ten days thereafter, and the adults issue about 30 days thereafter, early in June. The eggs are probably deposited shortly thereafter, but the process of deposition and the length of the egg stage are not yet known. Larvae of widely vary- ing size from very small to those nearly mature are often found together in the same clumps. There are indications that the length of the larval stage varies materially with the quantity and quality of the food supply, for it has been noticed that in burned-over clumps of grass, which afford less food, the growth of the larval stage becomes greatly retarded. Under such conditions there are indications of a life duration of two seasons from egg to adult. The burning of the dried grass in late fall or early spring does not greatly injure the larvae, only an occasional one being destroyed thereby. Such procedure would probably be of very slight value as a control measure. The adults are most commonly present in numbers on the grasses and near-by weeds during the month of June. They often crawl down into the grass clumps and probably deposit the eggs there. No adults are to be found in infested areas after July. WANTED—More two- and three-line notes to fill in——Eprror. 30 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII A RECLASSIFICATION OF THE SUBFAMILIES AND GEN-— ERA OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SYRPHIDAE. By Raymonp C. SHANNON, Bureau of Entomology. (Published by permission of Chief of Bureau of Entomology.) (Continued from p. 128, vol. XVI.) MILESINAE. Milesia is such an aberrant genus, neither closely allied to Eris- talinae nor Xylotinae (formerly placed under Milesinae) and has such distinctive charactérs that it is deemed best to consider it as a separate subfamily. The head is of the Xylota type; the discal crossvein has the same position and slant as in Spilomyia; the marginal cell is closed and the third longitudinal vein has a downward loop as in Meromacrus and Eristalis. At present it is rather a matter of opinion whether Milesia is more closely allied to Meromacrus (Eristalinae) or to Spilomyia (Xylotinae). Milesia has not the broad squamae and the result- ing development of the first tergite noted for Meromacrus under Volucellinae; but the face is broadly pilose as in Meromacrus (although the pile is tomentose in this genus) and both of these genera have very large posterior thoracal spiracles. Spilomyta also possesses the broadly pilose face, one of the very few genera in Xylotinae to have this character. The pos- terior thoracal spiracle, however, is, proportionately, much smaller. Only one genus, Milesia, characters given in table of subfam- ilies. XYLOTINAE, new subfamily. There has always been considerable difficulty in knowing what genera should compose the Xylotinae, usually called Milesinae. Several genera which are included here in Xylotinae are usually placed in Eristalinae, while several genera placed in Chilosinae may eventually be considered as belonging to Xylotinae. A character, seemingly of much importance, namely, the distri- bution of pile on the face and frons, has been used in this paper to Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 31 include Syritta, Tropidia, Pterallastes, and Teuchocnemis in Xylo- tinae. If this character were stressed in classifying Chilosinae, this subfamily would be further divided, making other subgroups thereby, which may more properly be considered under Xylotinae. The Xylotinae tend towards having the face and frons destitute of the pile which is characteristic of Eristalinae and Chilosinae (sensu stricto) ; and in the genera included in Xylotinae, except Ferdi- nandea, Eumerus, and Spilomyia, the males have the face and frons bare, except along the eye margins; and the females, besides having the face bare, have a bare space of greater or lesser width immedi- ately above the antennae. The densely pubescent forms of Cri- oprora, Criorrhina, and Merapioides have the pile on the head somewhat more generously distributed. TABLE OF GENERA. 1. Scutellum, margin of thorax and pleurae with bristles; general color bronzy aeneous; head of Chilosia type. (Figure 1. Probably belongs in Chilosinae)............. Ferdinandea. — Thorax without bristles; general color not bronzy aeneous ex- CETUS GUN LCT RC Ore a ay ar 2: 2. Thorax with distinct yellow markings besides those on humeri and a single spot on the pleuras. “Wasp flies”....... 16. — Thorax without distinct yellow markings of the ground color except (certain species of Cynorrhina and Somula) rarely on the humeri and a single spot on the pleurae......... a 3. Apical crossvein with a prominent, outward directed angle, strongly recurrent where it meets third vein; face flat, slightly produced at mouth margin and covered with pile. Eumerus. — Apical crossvein not outwardly angulated and recurrent... .4. 4. Apical crossvein sinuate, forming a sprawling “W”; anal furrow less than one third the length of anal cell; all basal cells destitute of the usual clothing of villi, causing the wings to have a glassy appearance; hind femora a little shorter than two and one half times their width, and are held in longitudinal groove-like impressions of the abdomen during flight; chitinous parts of sternites only one third the entire width of the abdomen; head subhemispherical, the eyes composing the greater part of the head; face sub- carinate WAREMAN ey SAW NM Vala wien dere ay o8 "set @)s Syritta. — Without the above conglomeration of characters.......... 5 ae Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomologscal Society Vol. XVII . Hind femora with an apical saw-tooth prominence; face sub- CarinatetOrcaninates Yc helene eee ee eine t Tropidia. Hind femora without a saw-tooth prominence; face not cari- PPA PRS NON ssi ue RU 1c ec PLONE RAT Oe ORR ee a ce 6. . Third vein with a downward loop into discal cell; sixth vein beyond anal cell, prolonged well forward. (Pterallastint) .7. Third vein straight or with a very gentle downward curve; sixth vein entering wing margin shortly after anal cell... .8. . Mesonotum ochraceous; sixth vein entering wing margin; pos- tenor antecoxal piece bake. - weiner eee ee Pterallastes. Mesonotum grayish, or reddish black; sixth vein evanescent some distance from wing margin ; posterior antecoxal piece Wath distinct (Oe Me ey antes mae ayes Teuchocnemis. . Epistoma abruptly truncate, face in profile deeply and evenly concave Cxyloiins. higtire! Aa) ioe) cele ere =e Q. Epistoma produced either well forward or protruding down- N25 6 a EMER IAI.) ny GR MRA a NPTARETEN ST GLEE a Aion oc 12. . “Bumble-bee flies” with dense yellow pile on anterior part of mesonotum and black on posterior part; abdomen broad; POStenOrantecoxal i plece bakeries cere ree Pocota. Not bumble-bee-like in appearance and without dense yellow pile; abdomen elongate and usually with parallel sides. .10. . General color of abdomen, and usually the thorax, brassy BEHeOUS sihead broadly iOVval seen yee see eee Calliprobola. Abdomen and thorax not brassy aeneous................ Ie . Pile on thorax and abdomen very short; head broadly oval; POStEriOn anmtecoxal piece |bare On\ualiy eee see Xylota. Pile rather long; head triangular; posterior antecoxal piece with distinct pile except in B. frontosus..... Brachypalpus. . Epistoma produced forward beyond base of antennae; long pilose species with posterior antecoxal piece bare; antennae inserted below smiddleianeyesie.. oe eee oe Crioprora. Epistoma produced downwards, or face tuberculate; antennae usually inserted well above middle of the eye (Crior- TILED) Re ed She Galt AA es ace ae eee ie Long pilose species with posterior antecoxal piece hairy ; bum- ble-bee-like in appearance (except Merapioides) ; third an- tennal joint greatly widened apically and with arista usually inserted half way or more from base; males dichoptic. . . 14. Pilosity of usual length; posterior antecoxal piece bare; third antennal joint obtusely quadrate and with arista near base; unlike bumble-bees in appearance................-7:. 15. Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 33 14. Pile entirely pale in color; arista placed at tip of conically produced, tiird) antennal, joint. 0. .).\s 44s. 3. Meraptoides. See MAP ICC! GUE PIGS) | oi 2) + )5)2,01<.0\le. eve 4's/0 6 90 em «8 Créorrlina. 15. Antennae inserted on prominence slightly higher than vertex of head; lateral margins of abdomen yellow...... Somula. — Antennae inserted below vertex of head; lateral margins of abdomen not entirely yellow................ Cynorrhina. 16. Antennae inserted near middle of head; face not longer than ATU Pais ep UAT ed Wut chi iene eh aoe) ong set $i 8) oad Sparet Temnostoma. — Antennae long or short and inserted above middle of head on a conical process; face much produced downwards; sixth vein entering wing margin shortly beyond anal cell. Sphecomyia. — Antennae inserted above middle of head; face not produced downwards; sixth vein prolonged obliquely outward from anal cell; hind femora with conical, tooth-like projection laelone Meri ASEAN SETI. .i.\ se. nccus septate aye, avr 5.3 6 Spilomyia. CERIOIDINAE. One genus; in this country easily divided into three subgenera. A. Antennal process very elongate, quite as long as length of antennae exclusive of style; a stigmatical crossvein, or at least a distinct thickening present. 1. Abdomen strongly constricted basally; loop in third vein without adventitious branch; ambient vein PLESEUL... od. -geee Monoceromyia, new subgenus. 2. Abdomen not constricted; loop in third vein with adventitious branch projecting in discal cell; am- bient: vein: rarely presents... .).'... yea Ceriotdes. B. Antennal process shorter than first antennal joint, neither stig- matical crossvein nor a distinct thickening present at tip of auxiliary vein; abdomen constricted basally .Sphyximorpha. Notes oN SOME GENERA AND SPECIES OF SYRPHIDAE. Calliprobola Rond. Includes Brachypalpus pulcher, B. sorosis, Calliprobola aldrichi, C. crawfordi, and C. opacus. Ceria Fabr. = Cerioides Rond. Ceriogaster Will. Tropical; no material at hand. Cynorrhina Will. Ranks as genus. Doros Meig. (European.) Xanthogramma aequalis Lw. is placed therein. Eumerus Meig. E. strigata Fall. is now well established in North 34 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomologscal Society Vol. XVII America. Microxylota robii Jones is synonym of this species, according to Aldrich. Eumyiolepta Shn. Erected for Myiolepta strigilata Lw. Lepidostola Mik. Tropical; no material at hand. Microxylota Jones (Jones, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., x, 231) is synonym of Eumerus (Aldrich). Ocyptamus Macq. Subgenus of Baccha. Abdomen not con- stricted basally. Platynochaetus Wd. Tropical; no material at hand. Polydontomyia. Takes rank over Triodonta and Polydonta; not congeneric with Pterallastes, but belongs in Helophilini. Rhysops Will. Subgenus of Melanostoma; face with transverse grooves. Salpingogaster Schin. Tropical; probably subgenus of Baccha; third vein is looped downwards. Scaeva Fabr. Probably subgenus of Syrphus; used for Cata- bomba pyrasirt. Senogaster Macq.= Acrochordonodes Big. S. comstockt is gen- erally believed to be a synonym of A. dentipes, which is not of North American distribution. Sphyximorpha Rond.= Cerioides Rond. Retained as a subgenus. Xanthandrus Verr. Subgenus of Melanostoma; has flat, elliptical abdomen. Chilosia parva Will. belongs in Melanostoma; probably melanic specimens. Chilosia nigrtpenms Will.=Chrysogaster nigripennis Will. Chilosia verstpellis Will. Chrysogaster versipellis Will. Tropidta cooleyi Seamans (Seamans, Ent. News, xxviii, 342) = Helophilus modestus Will. (According to Aldrich.) 30 Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society er1oydoraeyds so10q euUUes0yUueX eUOZOONI'T eyooeg TUIXOJOSAIY 99S oN BAIEIS snyda4s BUIO}SOUR]I J euseydoikg snaryoA}e[ J snseieg yoaqpuny UOpOIII | e1soydorseyds SO1OC] eUIUeISOyyUue KX euozoona’] eyooeg IUIXOJOSAIY) 99S eer BAIVIS snyd1hS eWO}SOUR]I I] euseydolhg sniryoAqetg snseieg 1]D449 A winxojosA1y7) Jd}SesOXxI | UOPOIII IY TUISOPYS Ur pepnyout eltoydoiseyds eyde1so][V VUIUILISOS9 J, PUL ISOYUe YK eu0zOone’] uOoSITTEM Aq paytuso IVUIJUOPOIII A, Sos ee DIGI saposdny BAIVIS snyda4s elUO}sOUrIP J | Ptemeel snayosAqeyg IVUISO]IYD sas uomsun A ‘SYHOHLAY YWHIO JO SINAW seuryd1hS 9as Ja}SedOxI fy UOPOIIT I OBUI}MOpOINT Jo|sesisne nN IVUTIOJSUSISN’N e1toydoiseyds eyde1so][V PUII1S0S9 JJ SNIIUIOXO T, sol0q PUILUeISOUIUC YK euozoone’] eyooeg wunxojosA1y7 na soposdny BAIVIG snydiks euUOJsOUrla |] euseydoihg snips Ayelg snseieg evurydih¢g uouuny S —HONVaNVY ONIGNOdSaddo) AHL AUNV AVGIHdYAS AHL JO INAWHONVAAYY LINaASdYgd INIMOHS LUVHD Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII 36 uOpoOIefl snpiqdopa yy BIOTTETAL sy[eyst1y eTOONIO A, QVUISOTIPT UL deUISOTIT, UL eINsSeOdN eulsoyds eIsUIy YY edosyperg JeUISOII]Y UT See Neo) ION) Joysesosfiy7) ezidtg evurydiAs UOpOJI TI snprydojayy BIOTTE TN sy[eqsirg OvUI[ LISI 1) 219) (2 TAN ICUISOIIA, UE SVUISITIP, Ul snydadsoeweyy) e199099]9q eINSVOON eulsoyds eLsulyy CIJPILUYOS IOUIWe FY edoAyoeig JEUISOTIP, Ul TuUIxojOsSA1y) Ul deuljojAyX Ul eR) JoysesosAiyy (HOTEL ezidig avurydihs snprydopayy ETC IEIN SIDVUIOII J Preiser TUT[eISIIG BIJIonJO A, wnyjAysodo7 epiydo}o1y PIAULOIIIOS TUIIID099]0 } V BIDseOaN | eulsoyds BIsUlyy BIJPIUIYISIOWUIUe FY fz edodypesg | erAuoo[eyy | eqdaforcy | c pozeso] Ayjnyiqnop , PISOTIYD | JoysesosA1y | eI0TIS | ezidig J turseydg *€ ‘avurdoA “Wovig °c “TUISOTIYD “1 UOpOsII I snprydojepy ee aN SNIIVWIOII IA SUE SETEL WVUI[EISIIG e]JOOnO A, wyAjsedo7 IVUTT[IONOA sIyAg eprydoy1iy ES) OHOEGY) PIAUIOIIIIS evUurAMIOITIES snydsAsoewmey) B199099]9g BIOSVOdN eulseayds eLouly el] PUY IS OWE FT edoAyoerg erAUsOoTey) eda Ord Ty e}dojorAuiny eJoo[e) edPULUIPIOT EISO li) JoysesosAiyy eOM=ral ezidig avUISOTIyD 37 Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ae lal eopueuIpla.y eydajors py PIAUIODIIIS epiydop1y erhuopIds eUIOJSOUL T, eulysioucsy eUIY ION) sndjedAyoerg RO] AX erpido1y, eyWIAS sniswiny OVUISOTIAL (oeurjoj[AX Japun pooeyd elouss SurUureute. ) AN fal @VUISOTIW DUIS Ur bead Ia lal evapueulpsay eydajord J BIAUIODIIIS eprydoyo1y erAwiojids IuIxO}OSAIYD Ul PUIO}SOUWA [, eulysisoucy eUIYIIOIN) 2]090g voqoidiyye) sndjedAyseig eJO] AX seUul[eysIiy ul eYUIAS sniowiny OBUISOTIAL (ovurjo[Ay Japun posed e1oues SUIUTeUIdL ) Byse] HIN) OBUISOTIW erpidory, TUISIIP, 99S IUISOIIJ 99S IUIS]IT, 99S e[NUIOS snuasqns eVUIY ION) saprlordesa jy eiodoi) e1090g Bjoqoidiye) sndyedAyorig e}O[AK IUI[eISIIG Vas IUI[VISIIG] SOS erpidoy, e}WIAS Turjo[£X eUIOJSOULID [, erAuosayds erAwojids EIS TTI. TUIsoTTTAL so4se][e1oig stuaus0yone T, erpidory, SOPIOlIa7 IVUIPIOLIED erduojids erhuos04dS eUO}SOUU |, e[NUIOS euly.tiouc) eUIY IOI) soprordeis jy e1odolty 21090g ejoqordrye) sndyjedAyoeig eJO[Ay stuaud0YoNe [ Soqsey[eso}g erpidory, eyIIAS snisuiny avur}o[ AX seUIJO[AYX 99S deUTIO[AY 9aS seuljO[AYX 99S eed TARE OVUISaTT AL aeuljo[AY 99S seuljo[AyXy 99s seuljojAX 9as 38 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII DESCRIPTIONS OF NEw SPECIES OF SYRPHIDAE. Psilota thatuna n. sp. Female.—Rather small, robust; shining bluish black. Eyes with dense, brownish pile. Frons clothed with fairly long black pile, with a slender longitudinal furrow, and a short dis- tance above the antennae there is a shallow transverse furrow. Antennae reddish brown, darker on upper margin of third joint; first two joints together about two thirds as long as third; third joint rather broad and nearly twice as long as broad; arista as long as length of second and third joints com- bined and placed near base of last joint. Face in profile flat, a little swollen and retreating a little towards mouth; epistoma projecting slightly beyond base of antennae; clothed with rather pale, silky pile. Thorax clothed with short, rather dense, black pile; edge of scutellum marginated and with longer hairs. Abdomen broader than thorax, globose and shining; clothed with short black pile, which is somewhat longer and lighter at the anterior corners. Legs largely black, knees and tarsi brownish yellow; poste- rior femora swollen. Squamae and cilia, plumula and halteres largely brownish yellow. Wings hyaline; typical Psilota venation. Length: about 7 mm.; wing 5.75 mm. Type locality—Summit of Cedar Peak, Moscow Mts., Thatuna Range, Idaho. Four female specimens, July 10, 1920. R. C. Shannon, collector. Type.—Cat. No. 24096, U.S. N. M. Two paratypes in author’s collection. Psilota buccata differs from P. thatuna as follows: General color greenish black; body clothed with whitish pile; third antennal joint uniformly blackish and three times as long as broad; face notice- ably more inflated; color of legs more contrastingly yellow and black; abdomen less globose; wings pale yellow; fringe of cilia and bristles at base of costa yellowish (black in thatuna) ; color of squamae, halteres and plumula whitish. P. thatuna appears to be more nearly related to the European Psilota anthracina. This species differs, according to Verrall’s description (British Syr- phidae), in having pile on the abdomen extensively whitish, “in fact all the tip half bears whitish pubescence.” Feb.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 39 Another specimen (female from California) in the National Collection agrees with P. thatuna except for the absence of the longitudinal furrow on the frons and having a longer arista and shorter antennae. Nausigaster chrysidiformis n. sp. (Fig. 5 a and D). Female —Medium sized, with rather dull metallic reflections of various hues; all the chitinous parts punctate. General shape of head hemispherical. Post-orbital region inflated, as wide as the frons at the ocelli, thickly punctate; a distinct indentation present opposite the humeral calli. rons rather narrow at the ocelli, but widens rapidly toward the antennae, clothed with very short, stiff, black pubescence. Ocelli placed on a distinct protuberance; another callus present a short dis- tance below, and the region between the two calli is golden pollinose; below the second swelling there is a rather broad band of silvery pollen. First two antennal joints very short; the third very large, subquadrate, and brownish yellow; arista black. Face narrowing towards oral margin; a prominent tubercle present which is of a shining violet reflection ; between the antennae and the tubercle the face is excavated and cov- ered with silvery pollen; epistoma not projecting. Mesonotum with violet, bronzy, greenish, blue and coppery reflections, and with three distinct longitudinal vittae of a cop- pery cast. Scutellum inflated, bright golden yellow, and with- out distinct punctures except the anterior corners which are greenish black and punctate. Pleurae bluish with a coppery reflection. Abdomen dark greenish blue basally, becoming lighter on posterior half and with a shining golden tip. Second segment with prominent, outwardly directed horn on each anterior corner. Abdomen marginate and with a downward projecting obtuse tooth on each of the under posterior corners. Under side of abdomen excavated. Legs greenish black, knees more or less brownish, hind tibiae on the exterior side at the tip with a broad excavation. Wings smoky; the stigmatical spot black; a broad blackish spot below the stigma, another spot present on the crossvein connecting the discal and anal cells, and also a broad preapical spot present.t Plumula vestigial; squamae, cilia and halteres yellowish. Length: about 9.5 mm.; wing 8.5 mm. 1 The markings on the wings are not shown in the figure. 40 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII Described from four females, Rio Charape, Peru, September 16; C. H. T. Townsend, collector. Type.—Cat. No. 24097, U. S. N. M. This species is at once distinguished from our North American species of Nausigaster by its larger size, more variegated color, and the presence of the horns on the second segment. From N. bonariensis Lynch (Argentina) it may be distinguished by the different color, larger horns on the second segment, and non- appendiculated apical crossvein. In one specimen of the material at hand there is an adventitious vein between the first and second veins near their tips. See discussion under Nausigasterinae for the remarkable re- semblance members of this genus bear with the Chrysididae (Hy- menoptera ). Nausigaster peruviensis n. sp. Female-—Medium-sized species, general color aenescent. Ocellar callus reddish; frontal callus shining greenish black; a silvery pollinose band present between the two calli, and below there is a broad indefinite silvery pollinose band. An- tennae brownish. Face narrowing towards mouth, tubercle reddish piceous; face, in profile, rather strongly retreating from the tubercle to the mouth margin. Mesonotum of a general mahogany red, and with four pale, silvery pollinose, longitudinal vittae. Scutellum margined with a thin serrulated edge. Anterior corners of second tergite with small conical horns; also a median triangular depression present on second tergite, the peak directed caudad. Otherwise abdomen is typical of the genus. General color of the legs yellowish brown. Wings: A deep brown stigmatical spot at tip of auxiliary vein; below a broad brownish spot extending to the fourth vein; a rather light spot present on crossvein connecting the discal and anal cells; a preapical spot extending from the first vein half way between the third and fourth veins. One) specimen, Santa ulaliay Peru) an rey nome-4 Co leans Townsend, collector. Type.—Cat. No. 24098, U. S. N. M. N. peruviensts is somewhat larger than our North American species of Nausigaster. Shape of head is very similar to N. uni- Feb., as Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 41 maculata, and also the scutellum of each is very similar. How- ever, the conical processes on the second tergite at once separate it from our North American species. It is distinguished from N. chrysidiformts by its smaller size, the smaller size of the ab- dominal horns, and the shape and color of the scutellum. This species may be closest related to N. bonariensis Lynch (Argen- tina). Lynch, in his description, only mentions the black stig- matical spot of wing, and it is assumed that this is the only spot on the wing. Also it is evident that his species is more piceous and rufous piceous than the present one. In his generic diagnosis, presumably based on his bonariensis material, Lynch states that the eyes are naked. This may hold true for his species, but in all of the species before me (five out of seven known species) the eyes are thinly pilose. Certotdes tricolor Lw. The species discussed below apparently comprises another sub- genus of Cerioides and the name Monoceromyia is here proposed. The following are the salient characters of C. (Monoceromyia) tricolor: Antennae inserted on a pedicle quite as long as length of antennae exclusive of style; abdomen strongly constricted basally ; loop in third vein without adventitious branch; posterior margin of wings rather strongly chitinized, appearing as an ambient vein. Color: Ocellar region black, bordered by yellow postorbital regions; face bright yellow with three reddish-brown stripes, two of them are lateral, the third median; humeri, prealar, and postalar spots bright yellow; scutellum yellow except for central blackish spot; a large yellow spot on pleurae and another one present on hypopleura; legs yellow, becoming somewhat reddish on tarsi; a blackish spot present at middle of posterior femora; anterior mar- gin and corners of abdomen bright yellow; a large black median spot on first segment ; remainder of abdomen reddish brown except for narrow yellow stripe on posterior margin of second segment. Anterior half of wing with deep brown cloud. Monoceromyia tricolor floridensis, new variety, differs from trs- color in having the yellow markings more reddish and in the com- plete absence of the hypopleural spot. An unique male, bearing only the label “ Fla.” Type.—Cat. No. 24117, U. S. N. M. 42 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII This species is among the most handsome and distinctive of the genus and makes a welcome addition to our fauna. Cersoides (Monoceromyia) tricolor Lw. was originally described from Cuba and Hine records two specimens from Holguin, Cuba. Prof. Hine has very kindly loaned me the two specimens, females, upon which the above description is based. This favor aided consider- ably in the identification of the species and very probably saved me from making a synonym. For the loan of these specimens and other material of this genus I wish to record here my sincere thanks to Prof. Hine. Dr. J. Bequaert has also loaned me material in this group for which I wish to express my sincere appreciation. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fic. 1. Chilosia similis Shannon, 9: a, head in profile; b, vena- tion of wing. Fic. 2. Volucella pelluscens Linnaeus (genotype) : a, head in profile; b, venation of wing. Fic. 3. Eristalis tenax Linnaeus: a, head in profile; b, venation of wing. Fic. 4. Xylota segnis Linnaeus (genotype): a, head in profile; b, venation of wing. Fic. 5. Nausigaster chrysidiformis Shannon: a, head in profile; b, venation of wing. An unused taxonomic character in Syrphidae (Diptera).—In his paper on Syrphidae, in volume 16 of this magazine, R. C. Shannon separates Ertstaliinae from Chilosiinae and Xylotinae by a combination of characters, but omits one character which appears to be of prime importance, though unmentioned in any paper on the family, and which evidently substantiates his present assign- ment of the genera concerned. This character consists of a dense patch of stubby decumbent black spinules at the bases of all the femora on their anterior surfaces. These are present on all femora only in Eristaliinae, so far as our material shows, though they may be present on at least the fore femora in some genera in other subfamilies —J. R. Mattocu, U. S. Biological Survey. PLATE 2. VoL. XVII. BULLETIN BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society EXCHANGES. This one page is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for adver- tisements of articles for sale. Notices not exceeding THREE lines free to subscribers. Over lines charged for at 15 cents per line per insertion. Old notices will be discontinued as space for new ones is needed. WANTED.—Offers on bright-colored butterflies and moths for use in trays and pictures. Mrs. Robert Milde, Lewiston. Minn. ARKANSAS INSECTS.—Will collect Lepidoptera and other orders. Correspondence solicited. Miss Louise Knobel, 417 West 2d Ave., Hope, Ark, WANTED.—Cynipide and their galls from all parts of the world. Ex- change or cash. Western and Southern material particularly desired. Wm, Beutenmuller, Box 258, Highwood, Bergen Co., N. J WANTED.—Saldide, especially from the Western U. S. and Canada. Will name or give good exchange. J. 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ENGELHARDT Published by the Society Price, 35 cents Subscription, $1.50 per year Mailed August 12, 1922 Entered as second-class matter January 21, rg19, at the postoffice at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1922 President — Treasurer W. T. DAVIS G. P. ENGELHARDT Vice-President Central Museum J. R. p—E ta TORRE-BUENO EASTERN PARKWAY Corresponding Secretary Librarian and ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS Recording Secretary Curator J. BEQUAERT GEORGE FRANCK Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences HOWARD NOTMAN CONTENTS EDWARD LOQUIS'GRAE PSG, PRe sr oe cere saree ettre 1 ee 43 NOTE ON RHEODIDES, Beutenmuller = 45. 4-eeeeseeree ee eee 45 PANORPA RUFESCENS FEEDING ON CICADA, Malloch ..... 45 GENITALIA OF MALES OF BHEMIPT ERA Grampton oa0-osae 46 NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF NOCTUIDAE, Barnes and Lindsey . 1G. 22R SRR aoe fest oy ae Neo ee rca ote Semireraieree 56 GRAN bEIBS OR ANE Wi ORK Niexandenmeneer anerencene cmene 58 COLOR CHARACTERS VS. STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS, J. i Ue Ne Se RC Roe ee eR, Be ch la rah CIOA cide OOS AalG oo 63 SAL DONIDA SEOSSONIM ms var lluneertondae a eee eee 64 PLAT YPSYLLUS CASTORIS IN COLORADO} Cockercll= =o aeee 64 CYRTORELTIGIN NORD Be AMiE RIG Avs ienitodiia ass eee eee 65 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $1.50 per year; foreign, $1.60 in advance; single copies 35 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Au- thors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, tz North Broadway, White Plains, N. Y. Bae ET TN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XVII APRIL, 1922 No. 2 EDWARD LOUIS GRAEF. Mr. Edward Louis Graef, a pioneer member of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, died in his eightieth year on February 15th, at Bay Shore, Long Island, N. Y. Mr. Graef, born at Aix-la-Chapelle, Germany, came to the United States in 1848 with his parents and five brothers and sisters, settling in what was known then as “ Yellow Hook,’ now Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, where his father, Henry A. Graef, established himself as a florist. He also was interested in Natural History and made a collection of local plants. 43 44 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII Stimulated by the paternal example, Edward, early in life, de- veloped a similar taste and while attending Prof. Joseph Deghuée’s school, 1853 to 1858, he formed an intimate friendship with two school-fellows, Frederick Tepper and Augustus Radcliffe Grote, and combined with them in making insect collections. This asso- ciation continued for many years. Like most of the Brooklyn entomologists of that time, Mr. Graef confined his interest to the Lepidoptera, of which he acquired a very extensive collection, notably from this continent but repre- sentative also of other countries. Of his trials and tribulations in starting a collection Mr. Graef tells in an article, “Some Early Brooklyn Entomologists,”’ BuLLE- TIN, Vol: 1X3 No: 2ro4. One of the chief difficulties in those days was to get specimens named and this led to a helpful acquaintance with men like Ack- hurst, Calverly, W. H. Edwards, Weidenmeyer, Strecker, Lintner, Morris, Morrison, Andrews and others. He loved to talk about these men and his reminiscences of some of them were most enter- taining. Another cherished recollection of Mr. Graef was his warm friendship with Prof. Franz G. Schaupp, who introduced him to a large number of real or supposed collectors dwelling in a part of Brooklyn known as the “ Eastern District,” then settled chiefly by Germans. This brought about the organization of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, which held its first meeting in Professor Schaupp’s rooms in 1876, when Schaupp was elected President and Graef Treasurer. Subsequently, Mr. Graef served the Society for several terms as President and in later years and up to the time of his death as Honorary President. . Most of his good friends and fellow members of the early days, among them Neumoegen, John B. Smith, Hulst, Koebele and Roberts, have preceded Mr. Graef into the Great Beyond, but by all who knew him, whether old or young, he will be remembered as a kind and jovial man, always ready to cheer and to help where assistance was needed. Mr. Graef established and carried on the business of an im- porter of wines at 58 Court Street, Brooklyn, for fifty years. In 1900, when increasing responsibilities prevented him from con- a April, 1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 45 tinuing his favorite study, he very generously presented his entire collection comprising some 10,000 specimens and about 80 types to the Brooklyn Museum. Many of the types are based on Mr. Graef’s own descriptions, published in early volumes of the But- LETIN. In recognition of this valuable gift he was appointed Hon- orary Curator of Lepidoptera of the Brooklyn Museum and elected a Patron of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Mr. Graef is survived by his wife, Mrs. Minnie Witte Graef, residing at Bay Shore, Long Island, and by three married daugh- ters and seven grandchildren. - ¥) G.P.E. \ Note on Rhodites.—The Rhodites determined and described by D. Fullaway as R. bicolor from California (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., IV: 377, 1911) is not the same as our Eastern FR. bicolor and should be renamed. I propose for it R. occidentalis.” I have a male and female from Fullaway’s material and bred a number of specimens from galls collected by Dr. Isabel McCracken.—Wo. BEUTENMULLER. Panorpa rufescens feeding on a Cicada (Neuroptera).—On July 31, 1921, while collecting insects at Cabin John, Md., my attention was attracted to a specimen of Cicada tibicen G. & S. which was lying among some long grass and weeds below the trees. On close examination I discovered three or four specimens of Panorpa rufescens Ramb. apparently feeding upon the surface of the Cicada, especially along the ventral abdominal sutures. I cap- tured one female of the Panorpa and took the Cicada, which upon examination proved to have been but a short time dead and was not injured extensively, though there was a small hole one side of the abdomen at the tip that may have been made by a bird. Prob- ably the insect was killed by a bird and dropped where the panor- pids found it. I have often seen the species of Panorpa feeding on the nectar of flowers, but this is the first time I have found them feeding on an insect, though they probably do so often like the genus Bittacus—J. R. Mattocu, U. S. Biological Survey. ol ‘i / 46 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII THE GENITALIA OF THE MALES OF CERTAIN HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA) AND HOMOPTERA. By G. C. Crampton, Px.D. (Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.) The present paper is offered as a preliminary note embodying an attempt to apply to male Hemiptera (Heteroptera) and Homoptera the terminology worked out for the genitalia of insects in general in previous papers dealing with this subject (Crampton, 1918-1920). Only a few typical forms in each group have been discussed at this time, since I am hoping to treat of these groups more extensively in a future publication. For the heteropterous material used in this investigation I am indebted to Dr. H. M. Parshley; and Pro- fessor Z. P. Metcalf and Mr. W. T. Davis have very kindly identi- fied the Homoptera here figured. To these gentlemen I would express my very sincere appreciation of the information and assist- ance they have so freely given. The following terminology of the parts of the terminal abdomi- nal structures of male insects in general has been applied to the Hemiptera and Homoptera in the following paper. Packard, 1898, calls the abdominal segments wromeres, and the ninth uro- mere, which is the segment particularly associated with the genital apparatus of the male, has been termed the gonomere to indicate that it is the genital uromere “ par excellence” in this sex. The terminal abdominal segments, including the segment bearing the anus, are called the opisthomeres by Verhoeff and other students of the Dermaptera. The ninth (or in some cases the eighth) sternite, beneath the genital apparatus of the male, is called the hypandrium. The cumbersome half-English, half-Latin designa- tion “ subgenital plate” or “ subgenital valve” is sometimes applied to thisestructure in the male, but it is preferable to use a designation which would be the same in any language, as is the case with the term hypandrium. The hypandrium is occasionally produced pos- teriorly in two valve-like processes called the hypovalvae. The hypandrium also bears a pair of styli homologous with the exopo- dites of a pair of abdominal limbs whose coxae have united with the hypandrium or sternite which bore them. The styli which form the genital claspers of the male have been termed gonostyli (or April,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 47 ' gonopods) to distinguish them from the other abdominal styli (in such insects as Lepisma Machilis, etc.) which are not associated with the genital structures. A “connective” extends from the base of the gonopods to the base of the aedeagus in some forms. | The intromittent organ of the male is called the aedeagus. It is usually made up of the united penis valves (penisvalvae) and may be further complicated by the outgrowth of numerous secondary structures. The aedeagus contains the penis, which may be mem- branous, or it may bear various outgrowths and formations of a chitinous nature. The homologues of these structures in the hemipteroid insects (Hemiptera and Homoptera) may be described as follows: The GONOMERE or genital uromere of the male is formed by the homologue of the ninth uromere; but it is not always evident that the ninth uromere is the one involved, since the basal abdominal segments are sometimes atrophied, or they may unite to some ex- tent, making it difficult to detect them in the adult stages. The gonomere bears the label “9” in the appended figures (Plate £3). It is sometimes called the “pygofers” (or “rump-bearers”’) by homopterists, while the dipterists call it the “hypopygium” (or “under-the-rump”), and students of other groups have applied various terms to it; but it is preferable to retain the designation gonomere, or genital segment, for the structure in question, since it is the genital segment of the male insect in the Hemiptera as well as in other insects. The opISTHOMERES bear the labels 10 and 11 in Figs. 12, 13, etc., and represent the tenth and eleventh uromeres which bear the tel- son—the representative of the twelfth abdominal segment. The tenth uromere (labeled pg in Figs. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, etc.) is usually better developed than the others, which are usually tele- scoped within it; and since the tenth uromere is the apparent carrier ‘of the anus, it has been termed the proctiger. The PROCTIGER, or tenth uromere, within which the other termi- nal uromeres are telescoped, is long and slender in the insect shown ‘in Fig. 6, pg; and in the insect shown in Fig. 5 it bears a shallow trench or groove as called the anosulcus, which serves to conduct off the material discharged from the anus. In the cicada shown in 48 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII Fig. 9 the tenth uromere is produced posteriorly over the intro- mittent organ ae, and its position suggests that it may correspond to the structures called the tegumen and uncus in Lepidoptera, although the tenth uromere never has the form of a tegumen and uncus in the lower insects, and is always the apparent bearer of the anal papilla. The tenth uromere of the cicada shown in Fig. 9 bears a pair of hook-like structures (one on either side of the intromittent organ ae) which were termed the surgonopods, sg, in other insects, from their position above the gonopods or clasping organs. It is possible that the structures labeled sg in. Fig. 9 may represent the fused structures called the scaphium (from a fancied resemblance to a shovel or skiff) in Lepidoptera, but the surgono- pods are not united in the cicadas and other related forms. I have not been able to procure the material necessary to enable me to homologize the parts of a cicada with those of the Lepidoptera, but from an examination of the material available it would appear that the structure of the terminal appendages of the male would bear out the evidence of a rather close relationship between the hemip- teroids and Lepidoptera indicated by the wing venation, and a comparison of the genitalia in the two groups should be productive of interesting results. The structures labeled sg in Figs. 12 and 13 apparently represent the surgonopods sg of the cicada shown in Fig. 9, and if this be correct, it would indicate that the surgonopods arise as processes of the pleural region of the tenth uromere, pos- sibly homodynamous (%.e., serially homologous) with the pleural processes labeled pp borne on the ninth uromere of the insect shown in Fig. 13. It is also possible that the structures labeled sg in Figs. 9 and 13 may represent the cerci, but it is more probable that the interpretation indicated by the labeis is the correct one. The lips of the anal opening, or anolabia, labeled al in Figs. 2, 5, 6, etc., project from the proctiger pg, and the telson, or the united eleventh uromere and telson, may protrude as an anopapilla, or anal papilla ap, as in the insects shown in Figs. 9 and IT. The HYPANDRIUM or sternite beneath the genital apparatus of the male insect may occur as a distinct plate such as the one labeled. ha in Figs. 1 and 9, or it may be indistinguishably united with the pleural region of the ninth uromere. In the insect shown in Fig. 3 if 3 ‘ ; i ‘ ~~ ae April,1922, Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 49 a pair of posterior lobes hv are beginning to form in the hinder region of the hypandrium ha, and in the insect shown in Fig. 13 (compare also Figs. 17 and 18) these lobes have assumed the form of the hypovalvae hv or hypandrial valves. In the insect shown in Fig. 12 these valves become proportionately longer, and in the insect shown in Fig. 25 the hypovalvae hv are demarked from the remainder of the hypandrium ha by a faint suture. In the insects shown in Figs. 22 and 26 these valves hv have developed an articu- lation with the remainder of the hypandrium ha, and during copu- lation they fit on either side of the hypogynium or subgenital valve hg of the female insect as is shown in Fig. 26. The hypandrial valves hv of the insects shown in Figs. 22 and 26 are very similar in position, structure, and function to the valvular structures bear- ing the label “s?” in Figs. 2, 5, 6, 7, etc., but I have been unable, as yet, to obtain suitable material to enable me to determine defi- nitely whether these two types of structures are homologous or not. The hypandrium ha is produced laterally to form wing-like expan- sions, the parandria, pa, one on either side of the genital apparatus of the male Hemipteron shown in Fig. 19, and the hypandrium (or rather the gonomere) forms a terminal chamber, in which the genital apparatus is borne, in the insect there figured. In the insect shown in Fig. 21 the floor of the terminal chamber bears a median ventral process hp, the hypoprocessus, which apparently serves to direct the intromittent organ in mating. In the insect shown in Fig. 16 the hypandrium is produced posteriorly to form a more or less vertical, prow-like structure pu, called the puppis in Plecoptera and other lower insects, and there are many other fea- tures of the Hemiptera which suggest that they, with the Psocida and Zoraptera, were ultimately derived from ancestors resembling the Plecoptera. The styLi or gonostyli s are borne on the posterior margin of the hypandrium ha of the roach shown in Fig. 20, and in the Hemipteron shown in Fig. 24, the styli or gonostyles, s, occupy the typical position on the posterior margin of the hypandrium ha, as in the roaches. The gonostyles, s, of the mirid shown in Fig. 24 are asymmetrically developed and bear curious outgrowths, or “prongs,” suggestive of the condition occurring in certain roaches 50. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII as well. In the Hemipteron shown in Fig. 23 the gonostyles, s,: have become located further forward and more dorsally than in the insect shown in Fig. 24, while in the insect shown in Fig. 19 the gonostyles, s, come to lie within the so-called terminal chamber, formed by the genital segment. In the insect shown in Fig. 25 the homologues of the styli, s, are small and insignificant, but in the related form shown in Fig. 22 the styli, s, are well developed, as is true of the insects shown in Figs. 12, 13, etc. I have pro- visionally adopted the view that the valves labeled “5s?” in Figs. 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, etc., represent the styl, s, of the insects shown in Figs. 12, 13, etc.; but it is quite possible that the structures labeled “s?” in Figs. 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, etc., may represent the hypandrial valves hv of Figs. 12, 13, 22, etc., instead, and I am inclined to accept the latter view.as the more probable one. If the valve labeled “s?”’ in Fig. 7 should prove to be the representative of the hypandrial valve hv of Figs. 12, 22, etc., the structure labeled bs in Fig. 7 might be the representative of the styli, s, of the other forms (Figs. 12, 13, etc.), but the structure labeled bs in Fig. 7 would appear to be merely an outgrowth of the valve labeled “s?”. It should be borne in mind that there can never be more than one pair of true styli borne on the sternite of a single segment, since the stylr are the exopodites of a pair of limbs borne on the sternite of an abdominal segment, and there are never more than one pair of limbs borne on a single segment. The varied size and shape of the claspers “s?”’ of Figs. 2, 5, 6, etc., make them valuable struc- tures in classification. The GONOPLEURITES or pleural regions of the genital segment, _ which are labeled gp in Figs. 22, 25, 26, etc., are produced poste- riorly to form the gonopleural lobes, or secondary clasper-like organs of the males in these insects. As is indicated in Fig. 26, these gonopleural lobes fit over the plate at the base of the ovi- positor of the female, and doubtless aid in maintaining the parts in a suitable position during mating. The gonopleural lobes of the insects shown in Figs. 25, 22, etc., are apparently portions of the pleural region of the ninth uromere, but they are slightly different from the pleuroprocessi, pp, or pleural processes of the ninth uromere of the insect-shown in Fig. 13. -The pleural processes pp April,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 51 of the ninth uromere of the insect shown in Fig. 13 are apparently serially homologous with the pleural processes sg of the tenth uromere of this insect, and it is possible that the pleural processes sg of the tenth uromere of the insect shown in Fig. 13 may unite to form the backward-projecting portion of the tenth uromere pg of the insect shown in Fig. 5. The AEDEAGUS or intromittent organ of the male is borne on the ninth uromere, and is possibly formed by the united penis valves (or by a modified penis valve) of lower insects. In a former paper (Crampton, 1920g) it was suggested that the penis valves may represent the endopodites of abdominal limbs (of the ninth uromere) whose exopodites form the genital styli. In the insect shown in Fig. 14 the aedeagus ae is chitinized in such a way as to give the impression that it is composed of a series of segments, and it is possible that the telescoping of these segment-like struc- tures, one into the other, may give rise to the complicated arrange- ment of the aedeagus in certain insects, although the secondary formation of chitinous outgrowths, etc., have brought about this condition in other instances. In the insect shown in Fig. 4 the terminal portion of the aedeagus, called the telaedeagus ta in other insects, takes on the character of an articulated appendage, appar- ently homologous with the more ornate structure labeled ta in Fig. 6. The aedeagus of the insect shown in Fig. 5 bears a pair of hook-like spines, the aedeagohami, ah, which may be homologous with the similarly located structures labeled ah in Fig. 2; while the claw-like aedeagounci, au, of Fig. 5 may possibly be homologous with the slender structures labeled au in Fig. 2. It is very difficult to homologize all of the intricate, secondarily developed structures of the intromittent organ in the different types of hemipteroid in- sects, however, and the interpretation of these parts can be better taken up when suitable material for tracing their modifications in the various groups is available. The PENIs is usually a retractile organ, and in most hemipteroid insects it is not protruded from the aedeagus excepting under sexual stimulus. The ejaculatory duct opens through the penis, and in such forms as the Dermaptera the terminal portion of the ejaculatory ducts may become chitinized to form the so-called 52 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII virga. Various chitinizations of the integument and secondarily formed projections serve to complicate the structure of the penis; and in some instances, as in Fig. 15, it is very difficult to determine the purpose and “ modus operandi” of certain of the curious copu- latory accessories developed in this region. It is not my purpose to discuss the relationships indicated by the terminal abdominal structures of the male insects at this time, since it is necessary to make a study of various intermediate forms not at present available before such an investigation can be satisfac- torily carried out. I would call attention to certain features, how- ever, which are readily apparent from the material at hand, and which lend additional weight to evidences of relationship drawn from other sources. The terminal structures of certain of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) are of a very primitive type, and appar- ently have beén retained from an ancestral condition suggestive of an origin in forms resembling the Plecoptera. This is in full accord with the evidence drawn from other sources, indicating that the Hemiptera, Psocida, and Zoraptera were eventually derived from ancestors resembling the Plecoptera in many respects—al- though the Plecoptera do not represent the actual ancestors of these forms. In some respects the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) have re- tained a more primitive condition than the Homoptera have with regard to certain of the terminal structures; but, in general, the Homoptera are more primitively organized than the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). As I am hoping to show in another paper dealing with this subject, the terminal structures of certain Hemiptera are extremely similar to those of certain Psocida, thus bearing out the conclusion drawn from the study of other structures which would indicate that the ancestors of the Hemiptera and those of the Psocida were very similar in many respects—although the Psocida can not be regarded as the actual ancestors of the Hemiptera. There are many features of the terminal structures of male Hemip- tera which suggest affinities with the Blattida (sensu Jato), and the character of certain other features, such as the wings, etc., would indicate that an investigation of this matter further may lead to interesting results in determining the nature of the forms ancestral to the Hemiptera, Psocida, Zoraptera, etc. Furthermore, April, 1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 53 a comparison of the genitalia of male hemipteroid insects with those of male Lepidoptera indicates that there is a marked similarity in these structures in both groups, so that the pronounced resemblance between the wings of certain Homoptera and the Lepidoptera may not be wholly due to convergence, and a study of Homopteron anatomy may throw considerable light upon the question of the nature of the ancestors of the Lepidoptera (which would also in- volve a study of the Psocida in this connection). The genital and terminal structures of a cicada (Fig. 9) are not as primitive as one would expect from the fact that the cicadas are placed among the lowest of the Homoptera. In fact, the terminal segments of a cicadellid (jassid), such as the cne shown in Fig. 13, have remained in a more primitive condition than is true of the average cicada, and the membracid shown in Fig. I is more primi- tive in this respect than the cicada shown in Fig. 9. The mem- bracids resemble the cicadas in having a distinct hypandrium ha (Figs. 1 and 9), but in other features the membracids do not re- semble the cicadas as much as one would expect from evidence of relationship furnished by structures other than the terminal ab- dominal ones. The cercopid shown in Fig. 3 has much in common with the membracids such as the one shown in Fig. 1, but the resemblance between the two groups is not very striking. The psyllids (Fig. 4) appear to be as near the fulgoroids (Fig. 6) as any other Homoptera, so far as their: terminal abdominal structures are concerned; but it is necessary to take into consideration a far wider series of forms than those here figured in attempting to deter- mine the interrelationships of the different hemipteroid groups, and this phase of the subject will therefore be left to be taken up in the more detailed discussion of the genitalia and terminal abdomi- nal structures of male hemipteroid insects, which I am hoping to present in a subsequent paper. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1899. Bluemml. Genitalorgane der Psylloden. Ill. Zeit. Ent., 4, Pp. 305. 19184. Crampton. Terminal Structures of Males of Lower In- ‘sects. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 13, p. 49. 54 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII I9gi8z. Crampton. Same of Higher Insects. Psyche, 25, p. 47. a1gig. Crampton. Same of Sawflies. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- LON} Ze Pp. 120: I19204.. Crampton. Same of Hemiptera and Related Forms. Psyche, 27, p. 34. 19203. Crampton. Basic Plan of Terminal Abdominal Struc- tures of Male Insects. Can. Ent., 52, p. 178. 1917. Funkhouser. Membracidae of Cayuga Lake Basin. Cor- nell Exp. Sta. Mem. 11. 1919. Kornhauser. Sexual Characteristics of Membracid. Jour. Morphol., 32, p. 531. 1918. Newell. Genitalia of Insects. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 9, [DAHL ; 1890. Sharp. Genitalia of Hemiptera (Heteroptera). Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1890, p. 399. 7 ABBREVIATIONS. Lo ee ae Aedeagus, or intromittent organ. CH ee Rael acd Aedeagohami, or hami of the aedeagus. Ce Peis, Bis Anolabii, or lips of the anus. Ope. eae Anopapilla, or anal papilla. ES. eee Anosulcus, or anal groove. ESS eee Aedeagounci, or unci of aedeagus. OSs cate Pa Basal process of clasper. Cae Oe ean Gonopleurite, or pleurite of genital segment. [ORGS Gane Hypandrium, or sternite below genitalia of male. Hype ccagene, oh Hypoprocessus, or process of sternal region. VD Sees ole Hypovalvae, or hypandrial valves. TEs Oe RO oe Parandria, or lateral processes of hypandrium. DOS NOS. 22 oe Proctiger, or structure bearing anal papilla. (Dida e sea N onan Pleuroprocessus, or pleural process. Db te RMN chs Puppis. Eig ett, Saas Styli, or gonostyles. Ga) a Ne eae Claspers homologous with aoe, or hypandrial valves. Seatac 7 Spee Surgonopods (cerci ?). LOR Telaedeagus, or terminal appendage of aedeagus. April, 1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 55 2 ON -Syguee ig EXPLANATION OF PLATES. . I. Lateral view of genitalia and terminal structures of mem- bracid Homopteron Stictocephala lutea Walk. Same of fulgorid Homopteron Ricania speculum Walk. Same of cercopid Homopteron Clastoptera obtusa Say. Same of psyllid Homopteron. Same of fulgorid Homopteron Ormenis pruinosa. Same of fulgorid Homopteron Otiocerus degeers Kirby. Same of fulgorid Homopteron Poblicia fuliginosa Oliv. Same of cicadellid Homopteron Jassus olitorius Say.* Same of cicada Melampsalta calliope Walker. TO. Same of the fulgorid Cixius coleopum Fitch. . 11. Same of Mecopteron Panorpa nebulosa. . 12. Same of cercopid Homopteron Aphrophora quadrinotata Say. . 13. Same of cercopid nymph, . 14. Same of gerrid Hemipteron Gerrits conformis (with penis exserted). . 15. Accessory apparatus of penis of coreid Hemipteron Chelinidea vittiger Uhl. . 16. Lateral view of genitalia and terminal structures of reduviid Hemipteron Zelus cervicalis Stal. . 17. Dorsal view of terminal structures of saldid Hemipteron Pentacora ligata Say. . 18. Ventral view of tip of ninth abdominal sternite of same. . 19. Dorsal view of genitalia and terminal structures of pentatomid Hemipteron Brochymena 4-pustulata Fabr. . 20. Ventral view of ninth abdominal sternite of the roach Ischnoptera. . 21. Dorsal view of styli and proctiger of pentatomid Hemip- teron Tessaratoma. . 22. Lateral view of genitalia and terminal structures of cicadellid Homopteron Gypona octolineata Say. . 23. Dorsal view of genitalia and terminal structures of coreid Hemipteron Alydus pilosulus H.-S. . 24. Ventral view of ninth abdominal sternite of mirid Hem- ipteron Lopidea. . 25. Lateral view of terminal abdominal structures of cica- dellid Homopteron Graphocephala coccinea Foerst. . 26, Lateral view of terminal structures of male and female of the cicadellid Homopteron Platymetopius acutus Say. * This specimen looks like a female, but Professor Metcalf assures me that all the Homoptera figured here are males. 56 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF NOCTUIDAE. (LEP.) By Wm. Barnes, M.D., anp A. W. Linpsty, PH.D., Decatur, III. Hyperepia n. gen. Proboscis fully developed. Palpi oblique, moderate; second joint deeply scaled, third very small. Front smooth, not prominent Eyes large, rounded. Antennae of male pectinate to near tip, the branches moderately long, of female simple, ciliate. Head and thorax clothed with long-stemmed scales, broadened and once or twice cleft at tips. Pro- and meta- thorax with spreading tufts. Abdomen with a dorsal crest on first segment. Primaries rather short and broad, much as in Epia, with a prominent, acutely rounded apex. Neuration as in Epia: primaries with Cu, and M, near angle of cell, M, near upper angle; areole present, R, free, R, from areole, R, and R, stalked, connate with R, from apex of areole. Secondaries with M, and Cu,, and R and M, from angles of cell; M, represented by a fold. In Hampson’s key to the genera of Hadeninae (Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V) this genus runs to the category which includes Hadena (Neuria of B. & McD. Check List), but it differs from our one species, procincta Grt., in the complete absence of hairs from the thoracic vestiture and the less oblique outer margin of the pri- maries. In general habitus it is nearer to Epia, whence we derive the name, but it differs frona that genus in the absence of a frontal prominence, absence of claw-like spines from the front tarsi, and several other particulars. Type: Hyperepia pi n. sp.” Head, thorax and abdomen clothed with brownish clay- yellow scales, those on the thorax banded with gray-brown and tipped with whitish. Collar with two inconspicuous gray- brown lines. Primaries dark brown, basal area slightly paler and sub- terminal area tinged with mauve in fresh specimens, clay- yellow in older examples. All lines geminate. Basal line extending from costa to anal vein, inner line blackish. T. a. . line oblique, outwardly angled on the subcostal and bent basad at the inner margin, its outer line blackish; marked on costa by two blackish dots. Median shade marked on costa by a April,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 57 blackish dot. T: P. marked on costa by two blackish dots, thence running outward parallel to costa, bending around end of cell, where it is almost straight, and turning inward on M,, whence it is slightly concave to A,, where it turns outward to inner margin. Inner line marked with a few blackish scales, lost in the brown median area, outer more grayish. S. t. line formed of a brown shade followed by a lighter brown line, which is in turn followed by a few velvety black spots in the brown terminal area. This line has an outward curve below the cell, but is otherwise rather even. There is a terminal scalloped blackish line, heaviest in the sinuses between the veins. Fringes pale tawny, cut at the veins with gray-brown and tipped with the same color. The spots are clay-yellow, sometimes including a brown ring. Orbicular ovate, oblique; reniform elongate, sometimes almost crescentic, connected with orbicular by a broad band of similar color along inner margin of cell. This band extends basad of the orbicular in an acute point, and contains a white line along the cubital stem. Its form in the holotype, together with the orbicular and reniform, suggests an inverted Greek letter pz (7), whence we derive the name. ‘The tip of the claviform is indicated by a blackish out- line below the orbicular. Secondaries dull clay-yellow, suf- fused in the outer half and along the veins in the male and throughout in the female, with gray-brown. Fringes clay- yellow with an incomplete basal row of gray-brown scales. Under surface of primaries gray-brown with some clay-yellow scales on costa. Secondaries clay-yellow, sprinkled with gray- brown and with a broad terminal band and slender discal line of the same color. Expanse 28-30 mm. Described from three specimens taken at High Rolls, Otero Co., N. M., in August. Holotype ¢ and allotype in coll. Barnes. Paratype in the collection of Mr. Fred Marloff, Pittsburgh, Pa. We have also a male from Truckee, Calif., which is more brownish in the subterminal space of the primaries, entirely lacking the mauve shade, but this appears to be due to fading. Note.—The correct mailing date for No. 1 this volume of the BULLETIN is June 21, 1922. 58 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII THE CRANE-FLIES OF NEW YORK: FIRST SUPPLE-— MENTARY LIST. By CHarLes P. ALEXANDER, Amherst, Mass. Under the general title of “ The Crane-flies of New York,” the writer has published two papers, the first’ dealing with the distri- bution and taxonomy, the second” with the biology and phylogeny of these flies. Since the appearance of the general list of species,* in which 267 species were enumerated as occurring in New York, ten additional species have been found which are recorded in this paper. This additional list is made possible by the kind interest of several of the entomologists of New York City, chief of whom are Dr. Joseph Bequaert, Mr. William T. Davis, Mr. Howard Notman and Mr. Charles Schaeffer. To all these gentlemen and others mentioned in this paper, the writer expresses his deep grati- tude. The additions to the list of New York Crane-flies are as follows: 268. Dicranomyia adirondacensis, sp. n. (Described in this paper. ) Essex County: Keene Valley, September 13, 1920 (Howard Notman). 269. Tricyphona macateei Alexander. (Can. Ent., Vol. Tage 166; 1919.) Suffolk County: Wyandanch, May 5, 1911 (W. T. Davis). 270. Ormosia adirondacensis Alexander. (Ins. Inscit. Menst., Vol. 7, Pp. 145, 146; TO1O,) Fulton County: Mountain Lake, June 17, 1914; Wood- worth’s Lake, June 17, 1916; Gloversville, June 22, 1916 (Alexander); itaiee 271. Ormosia dentifera Alexander. (Ins. Inscit. Menst., Vol. 7, PP: 144, 145; 1919.) 1“ The Crane-flies of New York, Part I, Distribution and Tax- onomy of the Adult Flies,” Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 25, pp. 767-993; June, 1919 (issued October, 1919). 2 The same, Part II, “Biology and Phylogeny,” Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 38, pp. 692-1133; June, 1920 (issued July, 1921). Bia April, 1922, Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 59 Essex County: Keene Valley, May 29, 1920 (Howard Not- man). 272. Ormosia notmani Alexander. (Can. Ent., Vol. 52, p. 255; 1920. ) Essex County: Keene Valley, May 26, 1920 (Howard Not- imam, ie Wy, 273. Cylindrotoma americana Osten Sacken. Essex County: Mt. Marcy, altitude 4,000-5,000 feet, July 24, 1920 (Howard Notman). 274. Nephrotoma euceroides Alexander. (Can. Ent., Vol. 51, p. 172; 1919.) Fulton County: Sport Island, Sacandaga River, June 16, 1910 (Alexander). 275. Tstpula annulicornis Say. Suffolk County: Riverhead, July 19, 1918 (Wm. T. Davis) (2, jejuna Johnson). 276. Tipula manahatta Alexander. (Can. Ent., Vol. 51, pp. 169, 1703; 1919.) Suffolk County: Yaphank, September 3-4 (Charles Schaef- POR icing dex, 277. Tipula noveboracensis Alexander. (Can. Ent., Vol. 51, pp. 167, 168; I919.) Essex County: Keene Valley, May 26-29, 1920 (Howard Notman). Fulton County: Gloversville, June 24, 1916 (Alexander) ; fe oe Albany County: Thachers Park, May 29, 1920 (Sherman C. Bishop). Tompkins County: Ithaca, May 24, 1898; May 12, 1915 (Alexander). In the above list, references to species are given only when they do not occur in the main list; as before the initials T. L. indicate the Type Locality for the species. Besides the ten species just recorded that are entirely new to the New York list, a number of very interesting records of other species have come to hand. In order to make certain of these records available to the proposed Adirondack List, the species taken by Mr. Notman in Essex County are here recorded: 60 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII KEENE VALLEY, EssEx County (Howarp Notman). Bittacomorpha clavipes (Westwood) ; May 28, 1920. ‘ = my e Uo +8 1922 *) e My Seton al sus®® | PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor DR. J. BEQUAERT GEO. P. ENGELHARDT Published by the Society Prize, 35 cents Subscription, $1.50 per year Mailed December 6, 1922 Entered as second-class matter January 21, rgrg, at the postoffice at Lancaster, Pa.,’ under the Act of March 3, 1879 The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, I922 President Treasurer AWG Ihe IDAWUS G. P. ENGELHARDT Vice-President Central Museum ay R. p—E tA TORRE-BUENO EASTERN PARKWAY Corresponding Secretary Librarian HOWARD NOTMAN ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS Recording Secretary Curator J. BEQUAERT GEORGE FRANCK Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences HOWARD NOTMAN CONTENTS AN. SP. OF AGALLIA, WITH NOTES ON OTHER CICADEL- ILJIDYAR,) (Osea ceodeacacec Boo oc eb orosuaacocacsasgcusaecescouces 127 PHYLLOPHAGA OF HAWTHORN, McColloch and Hayes ..... 131 MIGRATION OF CERTAIN WATERSTRIDERS, Parshley .... 136 LIFE HISTORIES OF N. AM. CATOCAL&, Mayfield........... 138 GEOCORIS PALLENS, A PREDACEOUS ENEMY OF THE FALSE CHINCH BUG, Milliken and Wadley ................ 143 PNINTATMAINGE Ele EAS ren bon Clit tencenis seme «ar ee). ee eee 147 DOLICHOPODIDA FROM SOURCES OF THE HUDSON TRA aRORS AB Caitbale rity note ac te eseaoon oe ae Pete ee A ne rele ee heer eae 149 BOOK NOMES) J eRat D—Bereeti ie SOS ep NOR ts coer oe sbSe e 150 PROCHE DEN CS TOR tHE eS © CliR dy: sbequaertu-e ese eeaeee 152 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in Rebruary: April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $1.50 per year; foreign, $1.60 in advance; single copies 35 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Au- thors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, tr North Broadway, White Plains, N. Y. Br bob lwlel IN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XVII DECEMBER, 1922 No. 5 A NEW SPECIES OF AGALLIA, WITH NOTES ON OTHER CICADELLIDAE, By Curis E. Otsen, West Nyack, N. Y. Agallia lingulata n. sp. Small dark form (the males nearly black) resembling A. 4-punctata and: A. constricta, but with distinctly different genital segments in both sexes. Size ¢ 3.6 mm., 9 3.75 mm. Male: Vertex short, less in length at the middle than next to the eyes; anterior margin tends to be slightly flattened at apex ; the arched posterior margin slightly angled in the mid- dle; expansion of vertex in back of eyes is very slight. Pronotum moderately long, scarcely more than twice as wide as long; posterior margin slightly sinuated; discal surface with faint indication of being transversely rugose. Scutellum a trifle wider at the base than the length of the lateral mar- gins; apex is produced. Elytra, as viewed from above, slen- der, not spreading or widening much at the middle, and ter- minating in an acute point when closely folded (about as in A. constricta) ; much longer than abdomen; all above finely, evenly and distinctly granulate; nervures rather strongly raised. Face with the ledges over the antennae quite promi- nent; a shallow depression from the ocelli running obliquely out between the eyes and antennae; the edge of the ledge not prominently produced; front moderately long, lateral margins slightly but evenly rounded; lateral margins of clypeus paral- lel to where they meet the margins of the cheek, apex rectangu- lar, a decided depression at either side of the suture between the clypeus and front. Lorae long and narrow, joining cheeks at apex. Lateral margins of cheeks suddenly swelling out just below the antennal sockets. Color: Males variable, dark brown to nearly black; vertex with two large black spots surrounded by a lighter area which gradually darkens to a brown; a fuscous vitta on the center 127 128 SBulletim of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII. of vertex extending from base to the dark face, another on either side at the submargin of eyes extending from the base down to the dark face, broadening below the black spots, leaving a light ring around these; also leaving a light vitta from the upper edge of antennal ledge into and just below the ocelli; edge all around the eyes is pale; disk of face dark brown, nearly black, margins light; disk of front dark brown, central area slightly lighter, submargins lighter, margins dark; clypeus and lorae with a dark discal area; antennal sockets are black ; the basal segment of antenna is pale, rest is dark, nearly black; cheeks washed with a dark brown. Anterior part of pronotum is dark brown; posterior with two large black spots, further apart than those on the vertex, and with a fuscous vitta between these, leaving a light band around each spot (in some specimens the rings of these spots are partly obscured). Scutellum. black, with two whitish maculations on the lateral margins near apex. Llytra dark brown, nearly black, with a slight indication of pale nervures. Female in general much lighter j in color, nearly approaching the color of A. 4-punctata, with four large, conspicuous black spots. Genitalia: Male valve is hardly twice as broad as long, lateral margins enclosing the plates rather snugly; posterior margins bisinuate, leaving an obtuse point slightly farther produced than the apical ends of the lateral margins; plates continuing the lines of the lateral margins of the valve for little more than one third of their length from base, then their course is almost parallel, gradually curving inwards and ending in acute points, separated by a fissure a little more than a third in length from the apex; the points of the plates are convex and pointed upwards. Female: Ultimate ventral segment broad, long and cylindri- cal; lateral margins are parallel; posterior margin truncated, with a long, narrow, lingulate projection, almost as long as the truncated portion of the segment, but only as wide as the visual part of the ovipositor ; the lateral margins of this lingu- late projection are almost parallel, but gradually curving at the base into the posterior margin of the segment, spreading a trifle posteriorly, making a broadet apex which is truncated and with rugulae. The genital character is very distinctive and I have been unable to find any other species within the genus with genital characters similar to thee. Described from six males and one female taken by me at West Nyack, N. Y., May 30, 1921, and one female taken by Dr. F. E. Lutz at Ramsey, N. J., June 18, 1918. Dec.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 129 Male holotype, female allotype, and five male paratypes in author’s collection; one female and one male paratype in the col- lection of The American Museum of Natural History. Genitalia of Agallia lingulata. Agallia 4-punctata Prov. One of our eminent entomologists mentioned, while he was examining my collection of leafhoppers, that he had seen very few males of that species in his many years of study in this group of insects. At that time I had among my identified insects of this species only a single male specimen from Batavia, N. Y., July, 1914, collected by Dr. H. H. Knight. Since then more of my material has been worked over and.to my surprise I have come across many more males than my friend had ever seen. The locali- ties where these males come from are as follows: Bayshore, N. Y., July, 1912, one specimen; Yaphank, N. Y., May, 1911, one speci- men, July of the same year, seven specimens, and New Haven, 130 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII Conn., September, 1911, one specimen. It may be noticed that most captures are single individuals, except in case of the seven, whereas the female is usually taken in great quantities. The males of this species are easily distinguished from the male of 4. con- stricta Van Duzee by the plates of the genitalia not being con- stricted. Driotura gammaroides var. flava Osborn and Ball. A specimen of this variety was taken by the writer together with a number of the typical form at Hempstead, L. I., N. Y., July 21, 1909. This variety appears to be a rather rare insect; it was briefly described in conjunction with a study of the typical form gam- maroides by Osborn and Ball, and its distribution was not defi- nitely separated from that form which evidently was studied from a large amount of material collected in four of the Central States. I must repeat here that it is very desirable indeed to have the locality of any form given separately from that of related forms and especially when describing new forms, so that type localities “may be known. | Eutettix pictus Van Duzee. Two specimens from Bayshore, N. Y., July 31, 1909, and one specimen from Hempstead, L. I., N. Y., July 21, 1909, by the writer. Eutettix slossoni Van Duzee. Several specimens were taken together with the previously men- tioned, found at Bayshore, N. Y., July 31, 19009. Neither of the two forms above has been recorded from the © State, although they must have been collected. Some authorities place these as varieties of Eutettix subaeneus Van Duzee, perhaps for some good reason. Euscelis (Athysanus) stactogalus Fieber. Mr. Edward Burns has recently published an account of having taken a number of this species on Tamarisk at Westerleigh, Staten Island, N. Y., on July 31, 1921, in an obscure publication as far Dec., 1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 131 as entomology is concerned. (Bull. Sta. Isl. Inst. Art Sci.) It is of importance to bring this to the attention of the entomologist in general, therefore, with apologies to Mr. Burns, the record is here repeated. It seems to indicate that this species is very likely to be met with wherever the Tamarisk is grown, and no doubt it causes considerable injury to these plants, as it usually occurs in very great numbers. In all probability, like other insects of for- eign introduction, they have come here leaving their natural ene- mies behind. I may add that the two trees, on which I previously found this insect so very abundant, were in such unhealthy condition that one of them was destroyed by a recent snowstorm. There is no doubt that these insects are partly responsible for the poor health of these particular trees. THE PHYLLOPHAGA (SCARAB. COLEOP.) OF HAWTHORN (CRATAEGUS).* By J. W. McCottocuH anp Wm. P. Hayes, Kansas State Agri- cultural Experiment Station. A study of the fauna of trees is always interesting and especially the different species of a single genus that inhabit a particular kind of tree. Quite often the different members of a generic group prefer different food plants and the occurrence of several species of one genus feeding on a single species of tree offers opportunity to study food preferences as exhibited by closely related forms. Such is the case with the May beetles (Phyllophaga spp.) on hawthorn (Crataegus spp.). For several years the writers have been studying the food habits of Phyllophaga in the vicinity of Manhattan, Kansas, and it is their intention to present from time to time short summaries of the fauna of the more important trees of the region. 1 Contribution No. 80 from the Entomological Laboratory, Kan- sas State Agricultural College. This paper embodies some of the results obtained in the prosecution of project No. 100 of the Agricultural Experiment Station. 132 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII Forbes? presents some interesting data on the food habits of Phyllophaga in Illinois which offers opportunity to compare the food of the various species in Kansas and Illinois. A total of 73,056 May beetles were collected by him on various food plants from 1907 to 1913. Of these, 399 were taken on hawthorn, repre- senting 25 collections with an average of 16 per collection. The writers, during the period of 1917 to 1920, inclusive, collected on various food plants 22,570 beetles, of which 4,071 were taken on two species of hawthorn (Crataegus mollis and C. crus-gallt). The total of beetles taken represent 122 collections, or an average of 33.3 per collection. These are compared with the Illinois col- lection in Table I. TABLE I.—CoMPARISON OF KANSAS AND ILLINOIS COLLECTIONS. Total | Number | Total Av- No. |Per cent. Beetles | Collec- | Beetles | erage of jof Haw- Collection. | Period.| from All | tions on on per Species | thorn Food Haw- Haw- | Collec- | Repre- |to Total Plants. | thorn. thorn. tion. | sented. | Collec- tions. Illinois... .|1907-13] 73,656 25 399 16 9 .005 Kansas....|I917-20| 22,570 122 4,071 Bei 10 18.00 From a food plant of relatively little importance in Illinois, as . shown by less than 1 per cent. of the total collections, hawthorn in Kansas, with 18 per cent. of all collected beetles found on it, becomes an important food of May beetles. This, as will be shown later, is accounted for by the presence of P. rubiginosa in Kansas and its absence in Illinois. It should, however, be stated that the Illinois collection represents the State as a whole, while the Kansas collection was made only in the vicinity of Manhattan, Kansas. During the four-year period the writers collected ten species of Phyllophaga, which rank in importance in the order named— rubiginosa, futilis, rugosa, hirticula, vehemens, crenulata, crassis- sima, wmplicata, bipartita, and corrosa. The total of- all species collected on Crataegus mollis are shown in Table II. The 282 ? Forbes, S. A., “ A General Survey of the May-Beetles (Phyllo- phaga) of Illinois,” Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull., 186, pp. 215-257, 1916. Dec.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 133 beetles not accounted for in Table II were taken on C. crus-galli and will be discussed later. TABLE IJ.—Co.LLections oF May BEETLES ON CRATAEGUS MOLLIS. Species. IQI7 1918. | 1919. 1920. Total. USAULOUROSI Rr che steel 14504: 102 44 1,793 3,523 TECETIOS RP AE a 35. 9 21 96 161 ISCO NINN T Se PTT ALTO 19 4 23 46 Hirticula-comosa......... 15 30 45 WICIPINGTISH Rain. 085) is 2 I I 3 5 (COTES OA SIRE 2 I 3 MOFESSESSUMG 5. caw ce 2 2 WORUBULGULO wate tc aloes avs oe 2 2 [eG Se I I (ORCA OSUR ing: AES See Rae I I 1,656 | 116 | 65 1,952 | 3,789 The years 1917 and 1920 were the periods of flight of the major brood of beetles and the figures show well the three-year life cycle of P. rubiginosa. Approximately 93 per cent. of all beetles col- lected on C. mollis were of this species, the other 7 per cent. being composed of three relatively important species, futélss, rugosa, and hirtécula, and six unimportant species. Arranging the data as to number of collections, we find that of 122 made on hawthorn, 95 were made on C. mollis, while 27 were on C. crus-galli. The number of individuals and species in each set of yearly collections and the average per collection are shown in Table III. . TABLE IIJ.—SHOwWING NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS AND AVERAGE oF INDIVIDUALS COLLECTED. Number of|Number of/Number of} Average Species of Trees. Year.| Collec- Species /Individuals| per Col- tions. Collected. | Taken. | lection. ei 2 ES ADD ae IQI7 34 6 1,656 48 1918 22 4 116 5 1919 20 2 65 3 1920 19 10 1,952 102 Motale vad: 556 tee 95 10 3,789 40 GnCrus-C)lt. oe ee IQI7 277 7 282 10 Total of both trees..... 122 4,071 33 134 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII The average number of individuals per collection varied from 3 to 102, depending on the years of abundance and the number of species collected. Comparing the collection on two trees in 1917 with that on one tree in 1920, the numbers are 1,938 and 1,952, or nearly equal. The 1917 collection was made on two species of Crataegus crus- gal and C. mollis. A great difference in the apparent attractive- ness of the two trees was noted, although they stood side by side and their branches interlocked. The difference in collections is shown in Table IV. Tas_Le 1V.—CoMPARISON OF 1917 COLLECTIONS ON C. CRUS-GALLI AND C. MOLLIS. Number of Individuals. Species. C. mollis. C. crus-galli. VUOLOINOSG Sly Cathe a eee 1,584. 254 PREG Sos ee ay ee ieee atl Nana 35 18 FUG OSG: AUR DS AMn tl Staal eeNeNs 19 6 HAVE CULO RRM ak secsein seeds nee 15 I CHETMUAGEG. Cr De aN tet ka 2 fe) DENMCLCIS Soe ena on Ne Ae icc ee ee I I LUN PICCOLOE Ke ey enn en Dn ae a O I CLGSSISSINUG? AEG ee O I 1,656 282 As can be seen from Table IV, slightly over six times as many rubiginosa were taken on C. mollis, nearly twice as many futilis, and three times as many rugosa. A study of the proportion of sexes shows that large percentage differences occur only among the species in which few individuals are represented. Males of Phyllophaga are known to predominate at lights, and from the four important species concerned in this study it can be seen that they are also more numerous on haw- thorn. The sex ratios and their totals for the four years are shown in Table V. 135 Dec.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological S octety ‘S9T}90q TBE PUR QEO‘I JO suOrDaT[o9 SHOsue NUS paMmoys paydo]sazUt SoyueIq ssoym soads jualayIp OM} UDdYM pajou sem se ‘snBanjo4 snuas ay} yo sarsads awios Suowe Sayjoeq Avy ay} Aq pasiosaxa St 9910y9 Jusiedde uy -stoury[y ur sn990 SUT OPIUM ‘sesuRy UL subanjns7 snuas 9} JO Saat} UO paayq 0} puno} atom whoydoykyg yo saieds ua L ‘Storsayfoo zuryd poo} [e}0} ay} JO “Juss Jod QI saznzysuos y Ssesuey Ul oly ‘stour]] ur saqjaaq Avy jo yur[d pooy yuejz10dunun Apay “¥fet @ patapisuoo St usoYy MEY ‘aouasqe sz JO esneos2q “SIOUL]]T UI In990 jou saop YoryM—psourhigqna ‘d—Sesueyy ul Awaua vhoydopty 7 juRI0du duo sey UIOYy MEY WY} pozeys oq ues yt ‘dn Surumunes IZo‘F | Zog‘t | toz‘z es | A eee ee | Se ee oO I I I I [ah || ee Bl tel eter vente wraria ue tale g wpe a DSOALOD re) I I I DA ieee peel eye ale | fata ee est ee ee Meee a | or el en eae Cr Dyyangug 99 (33 z I z z I oO je =| ys >. opi nse Dypmydu [ cer’ I z z I I I | O Tica pean ao aces DUAISSISSDAT Die. 3 I co) I z oa Ps aie heck one DIDINUAAD Sr |9 I ¢ E I Zz I ) Lier lve ime) Cre Nee eae Samet ee suamaya A ve | oF 91 of of 6 Iz Oe ee, Gems Sede DINIYAUET br | zs Ee =* \:OZ. tz II féil 4 I et fecal Sea | a fe A cx DSOosnyy av 62% |GZ 601 | 96 8z | 89 Tang et | Zi SNES ee ate S| ca gear era SYYN bh | LLL‘ | 6gg‘r | ggo'z | £62'1| geZ | SSo'x Win ee * leone 6S =1 cane Btg'r 69g] 6V6/--+++++- esse DSOULsIQnyT Ses es Ca a a ee 6 6} Te} et Tey fie Ta y Zo | “OL 6) © “OF, 6 SOOT Oso aren ORr| ered ene si ge Femi a) : ‘saroadg ‘s[RIO L, ‘Ooz61 ‘6161 "S161 “L161 ‘NYOHLMVE]T NO TALOATIOD SIVAGIAIGN] 'TIV 40 Saxas JO NOILYOdOUg— A ATAV], 136 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII A NOTE ON THE MIGRATION OF CERTAIN WATER- STRIDERS (HEMIPTERA).! By H. M. Parsuuey, Northampton, Mass. Near the Biological Laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, N. Y., there is a small roadside pond of clear, cold water, fed abundantly by springs and commonly called “the dying pond,” because from year to year its area is being gradually encroached upon by a growth of plants advancing from the west margin. While collecting here recently with a class I noted that every water-strider taken and apparently every adult on the pond was fully winged, a state of affairs which throws an interesting side- light on the general problem of pterygopolymorphism in the sev- eral families concerned. A number of students, since Reuter published his early work, have given some consideration to the remarkable fact that in many species of Hemiptera alate and apterous adults (and often inter- mediate phases) occur simultaneously in identical environments, though in relative frequencies varying in the different species and possibly with certain seasonal or other external factors. It has been explained that the presence of wings might offer some handi- cap to active life on the surface film, so that natural selection could account for the persistence of apterous forms, once they were pro- duced by mutation; moreover, there can be no doubt that the production of wings is expensive for the organism, so that the elimination by apterism of this drain on vitality provides an even more certain advantage for selection to lay hold on, if wings are in truth of no great value under ordinary conditions of existence. However, fresh-water environments are seldom permanently fa- vorable, and thus most of the Gerrids and their relatives have found it necessary to retain the wing-producing factor in their germplasms, insuring the appearance of forms capable of flight frequently enough to accomplish the requisite migrations. “The dying pond,” situated far from other bodies of water, has thus been populated by winged migrants, and ordinarily we would expect to find their apterous descendants, at least in those species 1 Contribution from the Department of Zoology, Smith College, No. 88. Dec., 1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 137 which produce the wingless phase most abundantly; but, as noted above, such was not the case in this instance and the explanation is to be sought in the presence of an artificial complication. The. pond is occasionally oiled to kill mosquito larvae, with the result that other water insects, including the water-striders, are also exterminated. The oil still remaining about the margins indicated that this operation must have been performed not long before the occasion of our collecting trip—just enough time having elapsed to permit the restocking of the pond by winged migrants and their reproduction, as shown by the presence of young nymphs of Gerris and Rheumatobates. Unfortunately, it will be impossible to ascer- tain the pterygotic condition of these F, descendants, as an in- spector stood by to give the pond a new covering of oil as soon as our collecting was finished. The species which in an undoubtedly brief interval were able to repopulate the pond and which occurred only in the alate phase are as follows: Family Gerridae: Gerris remigis, G. marginatus, G. buenoi, Limnoporus rufoscutellatus, Rheumatobates rileyt. Family Veliidae: Microvelia albonotata. Family Mesoveliidae: Mesovelia mulsanti. Of the species enumerated some are very commonly or always winged—e.g., L. rufoscutellatus—but G. remigis, R. rileyi, M. albonotata, and (in less degree) M. mulsanté are rarely found in the alate phase. Of R. rileyi, indeed, which swarms in myriads on the surface of lakes less than a mile away, I have found in three years but a single winged specimen (a male) among thou- sands examined, and yet here, on “the dying pond,” were half a dozen. It is worthy of note that the males and females of R. rileyi which were present, with their young, exhibited the mutilated hemielytra, which, as de la Torre-Bueno has shown, are broken by the insects themselves to facilitate copulation. This occasion thus affords a striking illustration of the dis- persive value to pterygopolymorphic species of alate individuals, confirming speculation by an actual instance; and it further demon- strates the sufficiency of the arrangement even in species, like R. rileyi, which produce winged individuals only with the greatest infrequency. 138 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN CATOCALAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW FORMS. By T. D. Mayrretp, Newark, N. J. (Continued from p. 120.) Catocala herodias Strecker. A very complete account of the ovum of this species was given by George J. Keller (1920, The Lepidopterist, III, p. 122), but as his description of the larva is very brief, the rollowans notes as recorded by myself are herewith presented: Larva.—Stage I—Head black. Body gray, with three purplish brown lateral lines and a rather interrupted sub- dorsal line which is well defined on thoracic segments; lateral brown patches on third and fourth abdominal segments; tubercles black, prominent, with long setae; ventral surface with the usual dark patches on first five abdominal segments. The young larva is typical of the oak feeders. Length, 5 mm. Stage I1—Head gray with sharply defined purplish brown longitudinal lines. Body gray; three purplish brown lateral lines and a similar subspiracular line, these lines are con- tiguous with the lines of head; deep purple brown sublateral patches on first five abdominal segments; tubercles black, those on posterior segments encircled with light gray at base, black setae; dorsal tubercles on tenth and eleventh segments rather prominent; a small black wart dorsally on fifth ab- dominal segment; dorsal area with a broken, pale brown line; patches on ventral area very distinct, brown black. Length, 10 mm. Stage III —Head whitish marbled with brown, lines much as before; deeply notched at apices. Body purplish gray ; two pale lateral lines and a similar spiracular line to which the brown lines of preceding stage form border lines; a pale geminate dorsal line enclosing indistinct diamond patches; the entire body is heavily sprinkled with brown, giving a marbled appearance; a prominent light brown wart on fifth abdominal segment; dorsal tubercles ochreous, conspicuous, other tuber- cles black ; ventrally as before; sparse whitish lateral filaments present. Length, 19 mm. Stage IV.—Head much as before, but lighter at mouth parts, tipped with orange at apex of lobes; a thin brown lateral Dec.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 139 line to lobes shaded frontally with lighter brown. Body greenish gray, heavily sprinkled with purple brown; lines of preceding stage present but less distinct; wart on fifth ab- dominal segment developed into a stout fleshy horn, smoky brown, with a decided crook to posterior of body; there is a sharp, well-defined white line, paralleled above by a dark brown line, at base of horn, anteriorally; tubercles ochreous, II of eighth abdominal segment prominent; ventral surface whitish with distinct brown black patches between prolegs; lateral filaments pinkish white, rather heavy. Length, 26 mm. Stage V.—Head ochreous; deeply notched at the suture dividing the lobes, forming a prominent protuberance of a deep yellow color at apex of each; a dark brown border line to lobes shaded inwardly with paler brown; a short dark dash: each side of clypeus, paralleled by a prominent white dash ascending toward apex of lobes; clypeus with a dark streak through center; the entire head is covered with brownish blotches and broken, longitudinal, whitish lines, giving a marbled appearance. Body greenish gray, heavily sprinkled with purple brown; two rather broken geminate lateral lines of pale gray with a purplish brown line along the upper edge and a similar subspiracular line which is scarcely distinguish- able on thoracic segments; dorsal area with a pale geminate line enclosing irregular dark patches; subdorsal area darker than rest of body, giving the appearance of a dark stripe; dorsal horn on fifth abdominal segment rather extended later- ally, dark smoky brown, crossed anteriorally at base by a white line, the dark brown line paralleling this‘line in the preceding stage having disappeared; tubercles ochreous, tubercle II of eighth abdominal segment prominent; ventral area whitish, tinted with pink, with distinct brown black patches on third, fourth, fifth and sixth abdominal segments; lateral filaments pinkish white, rather‘heavy. As the larva reaches maturity the entire body becomes quite greenish. This larva is closely related to that of coccinata. Length, full grown, 62 to 65 mm. Food plant.—Various kinds of oak. Catocala praeclara Grote and Robinson. Ovum.—Elongate-circular; flattened greatly at both base and apex, causing equatorial region to appear as a slightly raised rim; micropylar area rather more extended than usual and consisting of small cells; about 50 slightly raised, granular ribs arise at base, ascending vertically, continuing just over rim; color dark brown. Greatest diameter, .9 mm., least diameter, .8 mm. 140 = Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII The ova are laid in single rows in the crevices of the bark and covered over with a sort of albuminous cement and show great similarity to that of ultronia. Larva.—Stage I—Head brown, large. Body dirty green- ish with three lateral stripes of red brown; tubercles black. | Length, 4.5 mm. Stage I] —Head gray with longitudinal brown lines. Body gray with three broad lateral lines of dark brown which are most strongly pronounced on last three abdominal segments; dorsal area with a pale broken line; tubercles black with short setae; ventral area with the usual dark patches. Length, 8 mm. Stage II1]—Head whitish, heavily marked with blackish striations. Body gray, darkest along subspiracular area be- hind the prolegs; a pale geminate dorsal line enclosing dia- mond patches; a pale lateral line just below tubercle II, and two indistinct broken lines below this; dorsally a prominent dark brown wart on fifth abdominal segment; tubercles black ; tubercle II of eighth abdominal segment prominent, followed by a dark oblique dash; ventral area whitish with a dark patch on each segment. Length, 16 mm. Stage IV.—Head whitish, shaded with brown at apex of lobes; dark brown border line to lobes, which are slightly raised at apices, and centrally on each a dark brown crescent- shaped dash; suture dividing lobes deeply notched. Body purplish gray, sprinkled with brown dots; a light geminate dorsal line enclosing indistinct darker patches, this line is bordered with blackish brown lines at edges; pale lateral line below tubercle II and another rather indistinct pale line pass- ing through tubercle IIT; dorsally on fifth abdominal segment is a very prominent, red brown, fleshy horn, curved backward, posterior to this horn is a broad transverse patch of rusty brown color extending down between the prolegs; tubercles orange, tubercle II of eighth abdominal segment prominent, dark brown at base, posterior to which is a dark brown crescent; prolegs light with brown lateral lines; ventral area whitish with a distinct brown black patch on each segment; sparse lateral filaments present. The larva at this stage strik- ingly resembles in maculation the full-grown larva of grynea, to which it is closely related. Length, 22 mm. Stage V.—Head whitish, tipped with orange at apices of lobes and deeply notched as before; heavy black border line to lobes; a black line arising just below apex of clypeus, ascending half way to apex of lobe, thence excurved in a broad blotch; a black dash at side of clypeus, at mouth parts; apex of clypeus heavily striated with black. Body purplish Dec., 1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 141 gray, heavily sprinkled with brown dots; the pale lateral lines of preceding stage are only faintly indicated, as are also all other markings of previous stage more or less lost in the heavy sprinkling of brown dots; horn of fifth abdominal segment not as prominent as in preceding stage, concolorous with body; tubercle I] prominent, anterior to horn ochreous ringed with black at base, posterior tubercles whitish; brown crescent posterior to tubercle II of eighth abdominal segment ; ventral area whitish with brown patches; lateral filaments pinkish white, rather heavy. Length, full grown, 45 mm. Food plant—Thorn (Crataegus crus-galli). A NEW FORM OF C. SORDIDA AND C. GRACILIS. In breeding the larvae of both gracilis and sordida I was very successful in rearing a large number of specimens of both forms. The distinctive features of the maculation of the two, as well as the larval differences already noted, undoubtedly prove the validity of both species. I have before me a good series of each form and in none of the imagoes reared from the sordida larvae is there any indication of the basal dash on primaries, a distinctive feature by which this form may be readily distinguished from very similar forms of gracilis. Grote (1877, Can. Ent., IX, p. 169) in his description of sordida where he refers to the absence of the basal dash says: ‘“‘ This last seems the only important character”; in the specimens now before me there are other constant features sep- arating the two forms; the dark lateral line on the patagium which is always present in gracilis is wanting in sordida, and the light, well-defined s. t. line of the former is rather indistinct and often broken in sordida specimens; the yellow of the secondaries of sordida is a duller color, often clouded with blackish; the median black band is usually broad, continuing in a clouded streak to base, there are occasional specimens in which this band is comparatively narrow, ending abruptly at anal angle; this feature is also found in gracilis specimens ; the abdomen of sordida is a dull smoky gray compared with the yellowish abdomen of gracilis. Mr. Grote also says that it is “rather dark. and somewhat hoary.” This is not always the case, as the specimens before me show both dark and pale forms. There is also a form (mentioned by Grote) with the dark suffusion along inner margin of primaries; to distinguish this form from the very similar, typical form of gracilis, I propose for 142 ~=Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII it the name metalomus. This form appears to be comparatively rare, it has the same distinctive features by which it may be separated from gracilis as does the typical sordida. Types: 1 male and 1 female bred from a Lakehurst, N. J, specimen; also a number of paratypes, male and female, taken at Lakehurst, N. J., from July 2 to 17, in the collection of the author. Paratypes in the collection of H. J. Erb. C. gractlis form cinerea f. nov. This is the form which has been confused by a number of authors with praeclara and is generally found in collections under this name; it may readily be distinguished from the latter by the absence of the metallic greenish sheen of the primaries; the trans- verse lines which are well defined in praeclara are in this form more or less broken, less dentate, and nowhere near as distinct, with the exception of the whitish s. t. line, which is always well pronounced in gracilis forms; the median black band of secondaries is regular in outline, following the internal margin of the outer band without the sharp inflection found in praeclara; on the under side the space bétween the bands is yellow, decidedly so on the lower portion of the secondaries, being somewhat clouded with black at base of primaries, and with the black bands of an even tone; whilst in praeclara this space is ochreous, with the median black band strongly contrasting, not reaching the inner gE the marginal band is considerably lighter at outer margin. The points of distinction between this and very similar forms of sordida have already been pointed out. It may be separated from gracilis by the entire absence of the dark suffusion along the inner margin. This form occurs in both pale and dark forms, the paler form closely approaching praeclara, whilst the dark form is very similar to sordida, that selected for the type being the darker form. Types: 2 males, 2 females; paratypes, males and females, bred from ova secured from Lakehurst, N. J., specimens; also a num- ber of paratypes, male and female, taken at Lakehurst, N. J., from July 2 to 21, and a number bred from larvae collected at Dover, N. J.; in the collection of the author. Paratypes in the collections Or | Beand! Ci Paine and eta b: Dec., 1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 143 GEOCORIS PALLENS STAL. VAR. DECORATUS UHL., A PREDACEOUS ENEMY OF THE FALSE CHINCH BUG. By F. B. MItiixen? anp F. M. Wap ey, Scientific Assistants, United States Bureau of Entomology. This insect bears a family relationship to the one on which it preys, belonging to the same heteropterous family, Lygaeidae. It possesses the chinch-bug odor to such an extent as to be mistaken for the true chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus Say), on which ac- count it is classed by some writers as a false chinch bug, together with Nysius ericae Schill., the species which fetishes such a large proportion of its victims. DISTRIBUTION AND IMPORTANCE. When the senior author began the study of Nysius ericae in 1913, he found these two insects closely associated, and attempted to rear both species. As the young of Geocoris pallens refused to feed on plants, perishing or unaccountably dwindling in numbers, and both adults and nymphs were found with swarms of Nysius ericae, the economic relationship of the two species became clear. Continued observations by the writers, both at Garden City and at Wichita, Kans., have confirmed earlier conclusions, and the study of Geocoris pallens as one of the important enemies of Nysius ericae was continued until the fall of 1917. The largest numbers of this predator have been found among swarms of this host species at both points in Kansas, and as the host is driven by the death of its food plants to change its breeding places at intervals through the summer, it is followed by its bloodthirsty enemy, large numbers of which soon congregate in each new location. The occurrence of Geocoris pallens is by no means limited to the habitations of its relatives. Few, if any, insects that have come under the observation of the writers are more widely pre- daceous. At both Kansas points it occurs wherever low-growing vegetation provides food for aphids, jassids, membracids, ants, or small beetles and lepidopterous larvae, and is one of the most - important checks observed to the hemipterous insects named, as well as to the young nymphs of other members of the order. 1 Resigned December 31, 1919. 144 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII DESCRIPTION. ADULT. Geocoris decoratus was described as a new species by Uhler in 1875.? A copy of the description was kindly furnished by Mr. Edmund H. Gibson, U. S. National Museum, with the comment, “‘ You will note that Uhler described it as a new species, but since then it has been placed as a variety of pallens Stal. by several authors.” THE EGG. The egg is 0.7 mm. to 0.8 mm. long by about two fifths as thick, slightly curved on one side, nearly straight on the other. Both ends are rounded, the anterior being the more blunt and bearing 6 small tubercles set in a circle. It is pink or flesh-colored, with globules visible inside and the surface minutely and rather closely punctate. THE FIRST STAGE NYMPH. On hatching the nymph is about 0.75 mm. long by 0.30 mm. wide, and of a translucent yellowish or pale pink color, with red- dish-brown eyes and a darker spot on the fourth and fifth seg- ments of the abdomen. The antennae are dusky and the legs translucent. A few hairs or small spines are scattered over the body. The nymph rapidly becomes darker and by the end of half a day the second and third antennal segments and the tibiae and fibiae are opaque, the head much darker, and the thorax splotched with black. LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS. OVIPOSITION. Adults confined in vials deposit eggs on the sides of the vials or on the cotton plugs. When confined on potted plants, they leave their eggs on the plants or on the sides of the containers. 2Report upon the insects collected by P. R. Uhler during the - explorations of 1875. Jn Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Survey, Vol. Ta No: 251877, \pp. 41-411. Dec.,1922, Bulletin ‘of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 145 The eggs appear to be dropped at random wherever the female may be, and this habit probably prevails in the field. EXTERNAL DEVELOPMENT AND HATCHING. The egg slowly acquires a darker pink color. After about a third of the incubation period has elapsed, two reddish spots—the eyes—become visible near the tuberculated end. Thereafter little change occurs in the general color,.but shortly before hatching an orange spot appears near the posterior end. An elongate indenta- tion appears on one side of the egg several days before hatching and a small bulge forms near the tuberculated end. The nymph escapes from the shell by splitting off a triangular flap, the point of which reaches the tuberculated area and the sides extend part way down the egg. This flap springs back into place, leaving the shell almost perfect in shape and condition. The pellicle, or membrane enclosing the embryonic nymph, remained attached to the point of the flap in the two instances on which careful observations were made. Eggs in confinement hatched during May in from 13 to 17 days; others deposited during June in from 8 to 15 days. Temperature records for these periods are not available, but the difference in the incubation periods is due to corresponding differences in tem- peratures. HABITS. This species is very active. In attacking other insects that abound with it, it displays a ferocity out of proportion to its size, overcoming prey much larger than itself. It also shows canni- balistic propensities, even among other insects of suitable size, and this results in greatly lessening its numbers where other prey is absent. The Geocoris approaches slow-moving insects until they are within reach of its beak, which is then quickly inserted. With insects smaller than itself, especially in the case of the leafhopper nymphs and others that are active, it seizes and holds them by means of its legs. After inserting its beak it lets go otherwise, and if its victim is not too large, lifts the latter from the ground, 146 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII using its beak only. The larger insects tug frantically to escape, but soon relapse into helplessness from loss of body fluids. In one case an ant was seen to attach itself to the leg of a Geocoris. The latter became frantic for a time, rushing about in an attempt to escape. After becoming nearly exhausted, it thrust its beak into the hapless ant, which soon relaxed except for the characteristic death grip of its jaws. SEASONAL HISTORY. By the last of May adults and several stages of young are present. henceforth, throughout the summer, they occur every- where. Their activities during the colder portion of the year are indicated by the following entries from our field notes: October 27—Both adults and nymphs active. Temperature 28° and 26° F. on the 26th and 27th, respectively. November 17—Both young and adults active. December 9—Both young and adults active. Temperatures on December 6, 7, and 8, respectively, were 19, 18, and P07 18, December 12—Young active, adults mating. Temperature 40° F. December 22—Adults and large nymphs found. January 7—Nymphs and adults active; several pairs in copulo. February 21—One adult found. March 4—Several adults found. March 12—One adult and two first-stage nymphs foul April 11—Nymphs in different stages found. This species maintains its activity at unusually low temperatures, resuming reproductive processes at 40° F., or even below; hence hibernation is probably not restricted to any particular stage, such individuals of any stage as secure proper conditions during severe weather surviving to perpetuate the species. The number of gen- erations is not known, but probably several occur in a year. | Dec., 1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Socsety 147 THE AMARANTH FLEA-BEETLE. By F. H. Currrenpen, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. Fic. 1. The amaranth flea-beetle (Disonycha glabrata) about 13 times natural size. Original. Injury by the halticine Disonycha glabrata Fab. to the leaves of ornamental amaranth, including Amaranthus caudatus, tricolor, cruentatus, celosia, and plumosa, has been observed by the writer on the grounds of the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., nearly every year since September, 1907, when the beetles were seen during the last days of that month in numbers on the foliage. At that time the beetles were soft, showing that they had _ recently matured. In the earth about the roots a number of larvae were located, mostly about an inch below the surface. Leaves of many plants were badly “ragged” in the same manner that we see the wild amaranth attacked by this flea-beetle during the sum- mer. Some beds were completely ruined. 148. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XVI During July and August the beetles are abundant about the District of Columbia, and their habit of feeding both in the larval and adult stages on species of Amaranthus, particularly retroflexus, is well known. The writer has frequently noticed that when the beetles are frightened away from their food plant they quickly return, often to the individual plant upon which they were feeding. Individual beetles, when only slightly disturbed, fly up and circle directly back to the same plant. Fic. 2. Larvae of Disonycha glabrata on Amaranthus spinosus. Dec.,1922, Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 149 The habits and transformations of this insect were described by Professor Hy. Garman in 1891.1 The distribution accorded by Horn? reads, “occurs from Georgia to Arizona.” It is common in New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia, and ranges southward to Florida and westward through the Gulf region to Texas, as far south as Brownsville. It is also abundant in Kentucky and Indiana. Agelena naevia Henz., a common species of spider, was ob- served with-several individuals of this flea-beetle in its webs October 13. Dolichopodidae (Dipt.) from the Source of the Hudson River, N. Y.—In the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, LXI, No. 25, 1922, p. 14, Mr. J. A. Aldrich describes Dolichopus abruptus from a male specimen taken at “Lake Tear, Essex County, New York. Collector unknown.” It may be of interest to state that this insect was collected by me during the latter part of July, 1920, while a guest of Mr. Howard Notman in the Adirondacks. Lake Tear, situated at about 4,300 ft. altitude on the western slope of the notch between Mt. Marcy and Mt. Sky- light, is regarded as the source of the Hudson River. Many inter- esting flies were obtained in that locality. Among the Dolicho- podidae collected; in addition to the new species mentioned above, Mr. C. Van Duzee has kindly identified the following: Dolichopus dorycerus Loew, D. stenhammari Zetterstedt, D. flavilacertus Ald- rich, Van Duzee and Greene, D. discifer Stannius, D. harbecks Aldrich, Van Duzee and Greene, D. variabilis Loew, Hydrophorus chrysologus Walker, and two apparently undescribed species of Porphyrops.—J. BEQUAERT. David Sharp, F.R.S., formerly curator of the Museum of _Zodlogy at the University of Cambridge and editor of the Zodlogi- cal Record, died on August 27, at the age of eighty-one years — Science. (v3 1 1 Agric. Science, Vol. V, pp. 143-145. ? Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XVI, p. 207, 1889. 150 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII BOOK NOTES. Applied Entomology, an Introductory Text-Book of Insects in Their Relations to Man, by H. T. Fernald (McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York). This, as its title states, is an introductory text-book. Its aim is to reach two classes of students—those preparing for entomology as a profession, and that larger group who need the knowledge as a working tool in scientific agriculture. The first four chapters relate to insects as organized beings, their morphology, physiology, and embryology. The following five chapters discuss the necessity and methods of control of economic insects. The remaining twenty-four chapters contain the classification of insects and de- . scriptions of those species of major economic importance. To judge from Chapter XXV on the Hemiptera, for a general and necessarily abridged text,-the matter is well up with contempo- raneous work, which is not always the case, even with monographs. The book is of convenient size, the binding is sturdy, the quality of the paper good, the printing excellent, and the illustrations show careful make-ready. While our own preference is for line draw- ings, which show structure much better than half-tones from photo- graphs or wash drawings, the half-tones in this book are excellent, and adequate portraits of the insects and stages they illustrate. It seems scarcely necessary to say, except to those who may not have the privilege of knowing him, that the name of Prof. H. T. Fernald is sufficient guarantee of the reliability of the text. It is certainly a work to be highly recommended as an introduction to general entomology. Report on the Scutelleroidea Collected by the Barbados-An- tigua Expedition from the University of Iowa, by Dayton Stoner. Report on the Orthoptera and Dermaptera Collected by the Barbados-Antigua Expedition of the University of Iowa, by A. N. Caudell. These two annotated lists add measurably to our inadequate knowledge of the Antillean fauna. While Dr. Stoner in his article records only known species, he gives much ecological information secured at first hand, something which those who heretofore have received Antillean material with scanty data have been unable to do. Mr. Caudell found four new species in the material entrusted to his care, namely: Eurycotis similis Caudell, a roach; a short- horned grasshopper, Amblytropidia stonert Caudell; and two crickets, Cycloptilium minimum Caudell and Heterocous (?) dubius Caudell. These Orthoptera afforded not only these new forms, but also noteworthy facts on geographical distribution and variation. Dec.,1922 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 151 The Pentatomidae, on the other hand, were the usual range of forms coming from these tropical islands, whose faunal affinities seem to be with Central America rather than with the Southern Continent. . Scutelleroidea of the Douglas Lake Region, by Dayton Stoner. This is one of a series of studies on the Fauna of Michigan con- ducted under the auspices of the University of Michigan. The general plan of which this is a part is perhaps one of the most definitely laid-out entomological surveys in progress in the coun- try, and, in consequence, it is showing results. The most interest- ing bug caught was the holarctic Sciocoris microphthalmus, but the comment and notes on distribution and habits increase our knowl- edge regarding the northern forms recorded. An excellent thought is the addition at the end of a “hypothetical list”? which includes the species which, on recorded distribution, should be found there. These three papers are included in University of Iowa Studies in Natural History, Vol. X, no. 1, first series no. 59, published by the University. In general comment it may be said that the importance of faunistic and ecological work, never more important than now, is at last receiving the recognition it demands. The writer’s predi- lection for this kind of research may warp his judgment, but it seems as though the theory of evolution or transformism will be put in final and strong form only in the field, and that its proper study in the field will furnish the necessary control to the closet study of specimens. Not alone that, but since change is a natural process, it must proceed by law, like all other natural processes. This law is probably the same in kind but different in action from the sum total of the forces that by growth and change produce the fully developed form from the union of two cells, whose mystery cytology has revealed in some degree. Our enormous growth in population, with all the changes in the face of nature a vast population brings, makes these ecological field studies and distributional lists of great present importance, to enable us to gather, before it is too late, the data from which we may determine the origin of faunas and species, and their affinities and limits. J. R. T.-B. 152 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. MEETING oF May 12, 1921.—Mr. Gerald B. Hill, Mitchell St., Townsville, N. Q., Australia, was elected a member of the Society. Long Island Records——Mr. C. Schaeffer exhibited a number of specimens of Trogus vulpinus Gravenhorst, the common parasite of Papilio, and also various color variations making transition to T. fuluspes Cresson; these several specimens were bred by Mr. Doll. Mr. Schaeffer now has an almost complete series ranging from typical vulpinus to fulvipes with black hind femora, thus showing that the latter is only an extreme variation of the former. Scientific Programme—Mr. Wm. T. Davis read a paper, “ En- tomological Observations in a Brooklyn City Lot.” He also read a note on Cicindela tascosaensis (see BULLETIN for December, 1921). He, furthermore, showed specimens of a new species of Didymops from Florida (see BULLETIN for December, 1921), and also discussed Epicordulia regina de Selys (see BULLETIN for October, 1922). Dr. J. Bequaert showed a collection of North American predatory wasps of the genus Pepsis and gave some information with regard to their habits and distribution. MEETING OF JUNE 16, 1921.—The resignation of Mr. Howard L. Clark as a member of the Society was accepted. Long Island Records.—Dr. J. Bequaert showed Bombylius in- canus Johnson, which was taken in rather large numbers at Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., on June 14. Also a specimen of Microdon bombiformis Townsend (M. megalogaster Snow) captured by Mr. Bell at Jericho, L. I., N. Y. Mr. Bell exhibited the following interesting Lepidoptera: Mitoura damon Cramer, of which five females were taken at Coram, L. I., May 15; pe es vialis Edwards, from the same locality, May 15 and 22; and Atrytonopsis Iianna Scudder, taken at Central Park, L. I., May 29. Mr. Doll spoke of his raising Apatura clyton Boisd. & ‘LeC. on Celtis. He also exhibited Notodonta georgica Herr.-Sch. raised by him from a caterpillar found on Long Island.. Mr. Schaeffer showed two - species of Donacia collected by Mr. Engelhardt: D. hirticollis Kirby, from Yaphank, L. I., and D. proxima episcopalis Kirby, from Baldwin, L. I. He also presented some remarks upon a series of variations of Crioceris 12-punctata Linnaeus. | Sctentific Programme.—Mr. Engelhardt read two short papers concerning “A New Aegeriid from Brooklyn, N. Y.,” and on the “ Foodplant of Luperina passer.” Mr. Wm. T. Davis exhibited the remarkable bot-fly, Cuterebra buccata (Fabricius), a specimen of which was recently taken by him on Staten Island, N. Y.; also the rare beetle, Cychrus elevatus Fabricius, found by Mr. Bell at Coram, L. I. Dec., 1922, Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 153 MEETING OF OCTOBER 13, 1921.—A short paper by Mr. Bell entitled ‘“ Notes on Parasites of Epargyreus tityrus Fabr.” was presented for publication (see BULLETIN for December, 1921). Scientific Programme.—Account of the members’ summer ex- periences and observations.—Mr. Engelhardt gives a brief account of a trip to the mountainous region of Wells, Vermont, where he captured, among other things, the rare hepialid, Sthenopis auratus Grote. He also exhibited Perigea xranthioides Guénée bred from a larva taken on ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis) at Flushing, L. I., N. Y. During his trip to Washington, D. C., he found at Plummer’s Island a species of Papaipema, later referred by Mr. Bird to P. furcata Smith; Basilodes pepita Guénée was bred for the first time from a larva found at the same place. Speaking of conditions at Yaphank, L. I., he announced that Mr. Hart had bought a tract of land extending about four miles along the river, which he wants to preserve in its natural state. He has given permission to the members of the Brooklyn Entomologieal Society to visit these woods, upon application to Mr. Engelhardt. Mr. Nicolay reported upon his collecting at Greenwood Lake, N. Y., on July 4, and also in the White Mountains with Mr. Mason. Mr. Schaeffer had collected Donacia at Yaphank and Wyandanch, L. I., and drew attention to species of this genus at present known from Long Island. Having lately had opportunity to study some type specimens in the Museum of. Comparative Zodlogy, at Cambridge, he mentioned that Gastroidea aenea (Melsheimer) (Gastrophusa aenea Melsheimer), described from Pennsylvania, is nothing but the common Nodonota puncticollis (Say). Likewise Cryptoceph- alus sanfordi Blatchley is a synonym of C. defectus Leconte. Mr. H. Notman spoke of an extensive automobile trip during which he visited many remote parts of New York State: Tivoli, the Mo- hawk Valley at Fort Hunter, Sylvan Beach on Lake Oneida, and Lawville; altogether about 6,000 beetles were collected on this journey. MEETING OF NOVEMBER 10, 1921.—Mr. George Frank was elected an Honorary Member in consideration of the services which he has rendered to the Society. Long Island Records.—Mr. Doll exhibited a series of specimens of Chrysophanes hypophlaeas Boisd. taken at North Jamaica, L. I.; also Libythea bachmani Kirtland and Lémenitis ursula var. albo- fasciata Newcomb, both from Richmond Hill, L. I.; and Tolype laricis Fitch taken at Central Park, L. I., the first record of this species for Long Island. Mr. Engelhardt showed Cychrus ele- vatus Fabricius found under a stump at Syosset, L. I., on Election Day. He also exhibited a number of cocoons, evidently of a 154 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII species of Tiphia, sent to him by Dr. Gaiger; they were found during August, 1921, in great numbers in the drift on the beach along the coast of Maine; these cocoons are apparently of a para- site of some beetle larva. Scientific Programme —Mr. E. Shoemaker spoke on “ Collecting Beetles near Washington, D. C.,” illustrating his talk with some of the specimens obtained during his two trips to that region in July and September, 1921. He also presented some remarks upon his trip to Starlight, Pa., about the middle of June, 1921. Dr. J. Bequaert read some notes “On the Secretions of Certain Oak- Galls,” reviewing what little has been published on the subject in Europe and North America. He also considered the various ex- planations proposed to account for these secretions. In the dis- cussion which followed Mr. Wm. T. Davis called attention to the fact that the sponge-like galls of Andricus seminator Harris some- times exude drops of a sweet liquid. Upon request from the chair, Mr. Frison made some entomological remarks from his field ex- periences. MEETING OF DECEMBER 15, 1921.—Mr. Miles Stuart Penning- ton, of Quilmes, Argentina, was elected a member of the Society. Scientific Programme.—Mr. Engelhardt spoke of some “ Ex- amples of Confusion in Aegeriidae.” He showed that, in this family of moths, much confusion between the species has been caused by descriptions being made from one or a few captured specimens, often in poor condition. Another and perhaps more important source of error is the lack of information concerning foodplants and habits. He discussed in detail the status of several species to corroborate his statements. Mr. Davis exhibited a col- lection of “Ants of Long Island,” including also the forms that have been found on Staten Island. He read some of his observa- tions on these insects. Dr. J. Bequaert added some remarks con- cerning the local ant fauna (see BULLETIN for February, 1922). J. BEQUAERT, Secretary. Indispensable for every Collector and Museum LEPIDOPTERA CATALOGUE OF ALL FAUNAS Our new price-current No. 58, the greatest and most voluminous of all butterfly lists, contains 110 pages, four columns wide, a complete register of Hamilies, Species and Authors: 12,000 Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera, 3,500 Microlepidoptera, 1,500 Caterpillars (prepared larvae), 12,000 Ex- otic Lepidoptera. Our List replaces expensive catalogues and scientific works; serves as memorandum book, unlike any other of the new lists con- tains an exact register of all genera and families; is used as a Jermanent collection register for all species; serves as a check list if two copies are em- ployed; serves as basis for exchanges and for all dealings in insects. $1.50 in advance or remittance of $5.00 on account of an order to follow. Amounts paid in advance will be offset by orders for butterflies. DR. O. A. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS DRESDEN-BLASEWITZ, GERMANY An Introduction to Entomology By JOHN HENRY COMSTOCK, Professor of Entomology and General Invertebrate Zoology, Emeritus in Cornell University. PART I—The Structure and Metamorphosis of Insects This volume is the first part of a text-book of entomology that Professor Comstock has in preparation. It is, however, a complete treatise on the structure and metamorphosis of in- sects. The part now published includes four chapters. The first chapter is entitled ‘‘The Characteristics of Insects and Their Near Relatives.’’ In this chapter the characteristics of the Arthropoda and of each of the thirteen classes of arthropods is discussed, with figures ot representatives of each of these classes. The second chapter is devoted to a detailed discussion of the external anatomy of insects. The third chapter treats of the internal anatomy of in- sects and includes the results of recent investigations in this field. In the fourth chapter there is a detailed account of the transformation of insects, in which each of the different types of metamorphosis of insects is discussed, There is also included a bibliography and an index. Pages, xviii+ 220, with 220 illustrations. Bound in cloth, Price $2.50 net. THE COMSTOCK PUBLISHING COMPANY ITHACA, NEW YORK Tropical African (Uganda) Butterflies and Moths, etc., etc. Excellent Material Great Variety Apply for particulars and prices R. A. DUMMER Care Jinja Post Office UGANDA Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84-102 College Ave. ROCHESTER, N. Y. Entomological supplies of every description, including the only genuine hand made Schmitt Insect Boxes, and the well known American Entomological Company Insect Pins. Our supply catalogue No. 30 will be sent free on application. Entomological Specimens of all orders from every part of the world. Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance and others; Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America; Collections of beneficial and injurious insects; Collections of Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism. If interested write for the following circulars: 116 Biological Material for Dissection, 125 Life Histories of Economic Insects, 128 List of Living Pupae, 129 Exotic Lepidoptera, 130 . North American Lepidoptera, 131° Exotic Coleoptera, 132 North American Coleoptera, 143 Type Collections, also Collections illustrating beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mimicry and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism. Our complete Insect catalogue and list of publications will * be sent on receipt of 25 cents. BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NEW SERIES Vol. XVIII 1923 p htediaedie ak 1 ee aZonlak nae? ~~ Ue, &, MAR 4 1994. * : nf me ed Tensl Wys ee EDITED (IN SUCCESSION) BY hG, SCHAUPP JOHN B. SMITH GEO. H. HULST CHAS. LOUIS POLLARD R. P. DOW J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Zditor G. P. ENGELHARDT J. BEQUAERT INDEX TO VOLUME XVIII. (Arranged alphabetically throughout. ) Authors and Articles. General Subject. Another Reminiscence of Early Days, Wm. T. Bather, 56 Boo Notes (J, R: T. B.),.35, 146 Editorial, 34 Memories of Fifty Years Ago, Charles W. Leng, 1 On Synopses and Keys (J. R. de la Torre-Bueno), 145 On the Abundance of Terres- Proceedings of the Society, J. Bequaert, 69, 172 Studies on the Blood of In- sects, R. A. Muttkowski, 127 The Crumbs of Dives (J. R. de la Torre-Bueno), 170 Two New Comprehensive Works on the Hemiptera: A Review, H. M. Parshley, 166 trial Arthropods, Dayton Stoner, 162 Coleoptera Altica or Haltica? W. C. New Species of Coleoptera Woods, 63 from California, Edwin C. A New Longicorn Beetle from the Catskill Mountains, Wm. T. Davis, 97 Lepidocricus herricki Pierce, Charles Dury, 27 VanDyke, 37 Records of Lepidoptera not in the N. J. Report of 19009, Newark Ent. Society, 136 (Coleoptera on p. 137) Diptera A New Genus of Phoridae, J. R. Malloch, 143 A New North American Spe- cies, of the Genus Beckerina, J. R. Malloch, 32 A New Sugarcane Miner, J. M. Aldrich, 22 A Reclassification of the Sub- families and Genera of North American Syrphidae (Appendix), R. C. Shannon, 17 Phasia (Phorantha) occiden- talis Walker, an Internal Parasite of the False Chinch Bug, F. B. Milliken and F. M. Wadley, 28 Recent Publications on Tropi- cal Entomoloyg, J. Bequaert, oe Some Curious Dolichopodids in the Vicinity of New York City, J. Bequaert, 126 Synonymy in the Genus Ce- tema, J. M. Aldrich, 80 177 178 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII Tabanidae of Staten Island and ougesland ante s\n Be: quaert and Wm. T. Davis, 113 The Larval Stages of Limno- phora discreta Stein, Wer- ner Marchand, 58 The North American Species of the Chloropid Genus Ce- tema, J. R. Malloch, 33 The Range Overlapping of Anopheles maculipennis Meig. and Anopheles quadri- maculatus Say, Stanley B. Freeborn, 157 Heteroptera A New North American Noto- WECO, kk de nla loti. Bueno and R. F. Hussey, 104 A New Species of Labopidea on Garlic, H. H. Knight, 31 A Saldid Genus New to the United States and a New Species, with Notes on Other Waterbugs from the Adiron- dacks: J) Radel lay dlorre- Bueno, 149 Distributional Notes on He- miptera—I, Chris. E. Olsen, 163 Observations on the Ochteri- dae, R. Takahashi, 67 Orthocephalus mutabilis Fall., JR Steat a2 Notes on the Eggs of Corixi- dae, H. B. Hungerford, 13 Phasia (Phorantha) occiden- talis Walker, an Internal Parasite of the False Chinch Bug, F. B. Milliken and F. M. Wadley, 28 Taxonomic Characters in M1- crovelia Westwood, J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, 138 The Type Specimens of Ly- gaeus kalmu Stal subsp. an- gustomarginatus _Parshley, H. M. Parshley, 23 Two New Species of Cantaca- deraria, Carl J. Drake, 81 Homoptera Distributional Notes on He- 163 miptera—I, Chris E. Olsen, ° New Host for Membracidae, W. D. Funkhouser, 156 Hymenoptera A Hymenopterous Parasite of Epargyreus tityrus Fabr., E. bella Ants Accidentally Introduced into New York and New Jer- Seve) sand 9a Corrections): Bequaert, 165 Late Swarming of the Ant La- sus (Acanthomyops) clavi- ger Roger, Wm. T. Davis, 23 Neopasites and Polyergus at White Plains, N. Y., J. Be- quaert, I71 New Species of Tenthredinidae from the East and Middle West, Alex. D. McGillivray, Vestigial Pleometrosis in the North American Polistes pal- lipes Lepeletier, J. Bequaert, 18) 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 179 Lepidoptera ey Correction, EL. Belly.g3 A Hymenopterous Parasite of Epargyreus tityrus Fabr., E. i. Belly 33 .Amblyscirtes textor Hubner from Virginia, E. L. Bell, 12 _ A New Form of Catocala gra- cilis Edwards, T. D. May- field, 33 California Butterfly Notes—I, Karl R. Coolidge, 159 Collecting Florida Butterflies m March, EK. L. Bell, 24 Collecting Notes on Lepidop- tera, i. Bell, 21, Euphyes dion in New Jersey, me Bell 12 Notes on Calpodes ethlius ramen, i, Bell, 154 Note on Evergestis straminalis Hubner, F. H. Chittenden, 84 Note on Ogdoconta cinereola Guen., F. H. Chittenden, 155 Polygonia progne on Long Is- land, E. L. Bell, 164 Records of Lepidoptera not in the New Jersey Report of 1909, Newark Entomological Society, 136 Synonymic Notes with the De- scription of a New Genus, Wm. Barnes and F. H. Ben- jamin, 123 Minor Orders A Comparison of the Terminal Abdominal Structures of an Adult Alate Female of the Primitive Termite Masto- termes darwinensis with those of the Roach Peripla- neta americana, G. C. Cramp- ton, 85 Notes on Trichothrips ulmi (Fab.) in New Jersey, H. B. Weiss and Ralph B. Lott, 94 INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF INSECTS AND PLANTS. New forms in bold face; synonyms in J/talics; valid species in Roman; ** other animals; + Long Island records; * plants. (For list of Florida butterflies, see pp. 24-27; for List of Ta- banidae of Staten Island and Long Island, see pp. 113-122; for list of New Jersey Lepidoptera, see pp. 136-137; for selected genera in all orders, see Studies in the Blood of Insects, pp. 127— 136. Forms mentioned in these lists not indexed herein.) Pas IN ONSS., Ay? Abraeus, 64 Acanalonia bivittata, 164 Acanthia interstitialis, 149 major, 149 pallipes, 150 reperta, 149, 150 separata, 149 Acantholyda marginiventris, 53 modesta, 53 Acanthomyops—see Lasius Admetovis, 125 Agrilus addendus, 41 sierrae, 40 Albuna fraxini gloriosa, 172 Alcathoe caudata,. var. walkeri, 172 ~ Altica, 63 Amblyscirtes alternata, 93 vialis, 93 textor, 12 Amblyteles duplicatus, 33 * Ambrosia trifida, 25 + Anchytarsus bicolor, 173 Anocomis, 49 ** Anolis carolinensis, 25 Anomala orientalis, 70 Anopheles annulimanus, 158 guttulatus, 158 lewist, 158 maculipennis, 157, 158 occidentalis, 157, 158 quadrimaculatus, 157, 158 selengensis, 157, 158 Aphiochaeta, 143 Aphodius haemorrhoidalis, 173 Apicomyia bella, 20 Apis, 78 Aploderus, 64 Arctophilla, 18 + Atrytonopsis hianna, 70 * Baccharis pilularis, 39, 40 Banasa euchlora, 163 Basilarchia albofasciata, 21 astyanax, 21 Beckerina luteola, 32 flaveola, 32 orphnephiloides, 32 umbrimargo, 32 neotropica, 32 similata, 32 Belonogaster, 77 + Biorhiza forticornis, 174 Blissus leucopterus, 29 Bombus, 77 Brychius, 42 Callicera, 17 Callosamia carolina, 175 Camponotus (Myrmothrix) abdominalis subsp. ustulatus, var. mediopallidus, 165, 174 Calpodes ethlius, 25, 154, 161 180 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 181 Cantacader chilinensis, 83 germaini, 81, 83 gounellei, 81 magnifica, 83 tingidoides, 81 Carabus memoralis, 70 Catocala gracilis, 33 abber. lemmeri, 33 Ceresa albescens, 164 bubalus, 156 diceros, 156 taurina, 156 Cerioides, 17 Cetema, 33, 80 hypocera, 33 procera, 33 subvittata, 33 Chabuata, 125 Chartolampra, 150 Chartoscirta (Chartolampra) cursitans, 149, 150, 154 * Chrysanthemum _ leucanthe- mum, 62 Chrysobothris bacchari, 38 lineatipennis, 40 mali, 39 texana, 39 Chrysomela, 63 Condidea, 18 Coryphista meadii, 69 Cucullia, 126 * Cupressus, 43, 49, 51 * sargenti, 43, 49 Cymatia americana, 13 et seqq. Cuphocera ruficauda, 156 + Cuterebra horripilum, 173 Cynips strobilana, 174 * Daedalia quercina, 94 Danaus archippus, 25 Dascillus, 42 Dinoderus brevis, 46 nitidus, 46 ocellaris, 46 pubicollis, 45 Dityscus, 127 Dohrniphora, 143 Dolerus agcistus, 55 neoagcistus, 55 neostugnus, 55 nudus, 56 7 Donacia tuberculata, 172 Ectecephala tripunctata, 22 Empira columna, 54 Engelhardtia, 125 ursina, 125 Enodia creola, 71 portlandia, 71 Epargyreus tityrus, 33 exadeus, 161 7+ Epimecis virginaria, form carbonaria, 21 Epiphloeus setulosus, 48 * Eriogonum giganteum, 160 Ernobius caudatus, 42 conicola, 43 cupressi, 43 mollis, 43 punctulatus, 43 socialis, 43 Eriopyga, 123, 125 Euhagena nebraskae, 173 Eumyiolepta, 19 auricaudata, 19 aurinota, 20 cornellia, 20 strigillata, 19 Euphyes dion, 12 Eupolia licentiosa, 123 et seqq. Evergestis straminalis, 84 * Fomes aplanatus, 94 * lobatus, 94 Ferdinandea, 18 Feniseca tarquinius, 172 Gelastocoris, 18 Glossina, 100 et. seqq. + Gnorimus maculatus, 173 Goniurus proteus, I61 Graphiphora, 123 Gypona, 164 182 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII Habraeus, 64 Haltica, 63 et seqq. Haploderus, 64 Hedobia granosa, 42 semivittata, 41 * Heliantnus annuus, 155 * tuberosus, 155 Heliconius charithonia, 24 Hemicallidium amethystinus, 49 Helodes, 64 Helosoma, 64 Hesperotingis antennata, 163 Heterarthron, 45 Homala, 64 Homalodes, 64 Homalium, 64 Homalisus, 64 Hormiscus, 64 Homophron, 64 Hylotrupes bajulus, 49, 50, 51 * Hypeis emoryi, 161 Hypera, 42 Iridomyrmex humilis, 165 * Juniperus, 51 Labopidea allii, 31 sericata, 31 Lampracanthia, 153 anthracina, 150 coriacea, 149, 150 crassicornis, 150 Lasius (Acanthomyops) clavi- BEG Zig, 11778 Lathosea, 125, 126 * Lenzites betulina, 94 Lepidocricus herricki, 27 Lepidostola spp., 19 Liancalus genualis, 126 * Libdocerus decurrens, 51 Limnophora_ discreta, 58 et seqq. Lygaeus kalmii, subsp. angustomarginatus, 23 Machilis, 89 Macrophya bellula, 55 externa, 55 * Magnolia glauca, 175 * Malva borealis, 160 * parviflora, 160 * rotundifolia, 160 Mastotermes, 85 et seqq. darwiniensis, 93 + Megachile centuncularis, 69 Megathymus cofaqui, 25 + Melalopha albosigma, 173 Memythrus sepsiformis, 172 * Mesembryanthemum crystal- linum, 159 Micracanthia humilis, 149, 154 Microdon bombiformis, 172 Microvelia, 68, 138 et seqq. americana, 149 hinei, 172 pulchella, 138 Milesia, 18 Miris dolabratus, 29 Mixogaster, 17 Muscina pascuorum, 174 + Myas foveatus, 70 Myiolepta, 19 californica, 21 lunulata, 21 nigra, 21 varipes, 21 Myrmothrix (see Camponotus) Namangana, 123 Nausigaster, 17 Necydalis acutipennis, 51, 53 barbarae, 52 cavipennis, 53 laevicollis, 52 mellitus, 52 Neonympha phocion, 24, 25 Neopasites illinoiensis, 171 Notonecta borealis, 104 insulata, 106, 149, 150 irrorata, 105, 100 lutea, 104 1923 shooterii, 106 undulata, 106, 149, 150 variabilis, 149, 150 Nysius ericae, 28 et seqq. Ochterus formosanus, 67 Ogdoconta cinereola, 155 Omala, 64 Omalisus, 64 Omalium, 64 Omalodes, 64 Omophron, 64 Ormiscus, 64 Orthocephalus mutabilis, 62 Oscinis, 33 + Oxycnemus nigripennis, 173 + Pamphila leonardus, 70 Papilio marcellus, form flori- densis, 24 Paranthrene canescens, 173 Pareophora floridana, 55 guara, 54 + Pedinomma nearcticum, 172 Pelecocera, 17 Pericomsus ephippiatus, 172 Periplaneta americana, 93 Phasia (Phorantha) occiden- talis, 28 et seqq. Pheidole anastasii, 165 Philodes testaceus, 172 + Phyciodes nicteis, 70 Phyllobaenus californicus, 47 dislocatus, 47, 48 merkeli, 48 Phymatodes amoenus, 49 blandus, 49 * Picea; 47 Pienes panoquin, 24 Pieris immaculata, 159 metra, 159 novangliae, 159 rapae, 159 Pithanus maerkelii, 164 Plathypena scabra, 155 Podisus fretus,163 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 183 maculiventris, 163 serieventris, 163 Polia, 125 Polistes annularis, 76 fusca, 75 gallicus, 76 metrica, 73 pallipes, 73 et seqq., 173 variatus, 73 versicolor, 76 Polites brettus, 25 Polycaon granulatus, 43, 45 megalops, 44 punctatus, 45 stoutiil, 44 Polyergus lucidus, 171 Polygonia progne, 164 * Polygonum lapathifolium, 161 * Polyporus betulinus, 94 * silvus, 94 * hirsutus, 94 * pargamenus, 94 * versicolor, 94 Porocorma; 14° * > Prenolepis fulva pubens, 165 Pristiphora bivittata, 56 * Prosopis glandulosa, 161 * Pseudotsuga, 47 Pyritis, 18 * Quercus alba, 174 * bicolor, 174 * kelloggii, 42 Rancora, 126 Rhamphocorixa acuminata, 13 et seqq. Rhynchophoromyia, 143 trivittata, 143 Romalea marci, 70 microptera, 70 Rosalia, 42 Sandalus californicus, 37 cribricollis, 37 niger, 37 184 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII Saperda fayi, 97, 98 Saperda shoemakeri, 97 + Schistocerca alutacea var. ru- biginosa, 69 americana, 69 Sciocoris microphthalmus, 149 Scolia nobilitata, 173 Scotogramma, 125 Semanotus ampla, 50 var. angusta, 51 cupressi, 48, 50 ligneus, 50 var. ampla, 50 var. parvicollis, 50 _ var. sequoiae, 51 hitigiosus, 49 nicolas, 49, 50 rufipennis, 50, 51 terminata, 50 undatus, 49 * Sequoia sempervirens, 51 Sericomyia, 18 * Sphaeralcea ambigua, 161 Spilomyia, 19 * Sterium fasciatum, 94 Strymon avalona, 159, 160 cecrops, 24 melinus, 160 Sympiezocera japonica, 40, 5% amethystinus, 50 ~ juniperi, 50 laurasii, 51 Symatium ornithopium, 160 Synanthedon tepperi, 71 Tachytrechus, 172 binodatus, 126 laticrus, 126 moechus, 126 protervus, 126 rotundipennis, 126 VOLS, |126 Taeniocampa, 123 et seqq. Teleonemia, 83 Temnostoma, 19 Tetramorium guineense, 165 Thanasimus monticola, 47 rubriventris, 47 undatulus, 46, 47 var. melanocephalus, 47 var. nubilus, 47 undulatus, 46 Thecla damon, 71 Thrips ulmi, 97 AL IanbLy ey, Gil Trachykele, 51 Trichoclea, 125 Trichopolia dentatella, 123 obtusa, 123 ptilodonta, 123 ursina, 123 Trichothrips ulmi, 94 “alistigas Ay, Velia pygmaea, 138 Vespa, 77 diabolica, 172 Xyela intrabilis, 53 salicis, 54 New Genera in this index, 3. New Species, 28 the °* e a he Ele Vol. XVIII FEBRUARY, 1923 No. | BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL | SOCIETY NEW SERIES af Ny PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor DR. J. BEQUAERT GEO. P. ENGELHARDT Published by the Society Price, 35 cents Subscription, $1.50 per year Mailed February 24, 1923 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1919, at the postoffice at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the. second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. - OFFICERS, 1923 Honorary President CHARLES W. LENG President Treasurer We dt. DAVES G. P. ENGELHARDT _ Vice-President Central Museum J. R. pe ra TORRE-BUENO EASTERN PARKWAY Recording Secretary Librarian J. BEQUAERT ELMER McDEVITT Corresponding Secretary Curator HOWARD NOTMAN GEORGE FRANCK Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences HOWARD NOTMAN CONTENTS MEMORIES) OF shIEDY VEARST AGO l Wenge mere aa eee I AMBLYSCIRTES TEXTOR FROM VIRGINIA, Bell), vas eek seer 12 EUPHYES DION: IN ANG ae Bellema sy, See. sei gos eee ee eee 12 EGGS OF CORIXIDAE, Hungerford SRO te Nt, ee RODS G.6,0:0'¢ 13 SUBFAMILIES AND GENERA OF N. A. SYRPHIDAE, Shannon 17 GOLEECLING NOLES ON LEPIDOPTERA belle -e eee 21 A NEW SUGAR CANES MINER PAld rich Ss: ctin seercie eo ttcreie eee 22 TYPE SPECIMENS OF LYGAEUS KALMII CO ae GINATUS Panshileya i.) fyb iclct cio chao letere. ole Pisaiereie ere cheek eae LATE SWARMING OF THE ANT LASIUS (ACANTHOMYOPS) — CLAVIGER, (Dav isge ea tetera ueemse sales neta aten Geran 23 COLLECTING FLORIDA BUTTERFLIES IN MARCH, Bell...... a EEPIDOCRICUS PEUBRIRGC Kens) uty ememrcc em aeccciec ete eee PHASIA OCCIDENTALIS AN “INTERNAL PARAS Ey OF” THE FALSE CHINCH BUG, Milliken and Wadley............ 28 A NEW SPECIES OF LABOPIDEA ON GARLIC, Knight........ 31 A NEW N. AM. SPECIES OF BECKERINA, Malloch............. Be A NEW FORM OF CATOCALA GRACILIS, Mayfield............ 33 AND AN. SPECIES {Oh CELE MAT Matlochie: «seo eee aeerene Se A HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITE OF EPARGYREUS TITY- DROS SHB Gl ies Poe ee eet ony erent tetas Ene eee eee ee eens 33 ED TAROIR LAM be hk eR ern NB 12 ee 34 BOOK NOTICE, FOLSOM'S ENTOMOLOGY, we R. T. Bi aoe 35 EX CHANGES Pei ech pee es S) ovsral 5 nici « MRR EM ee et ttees HA WEEES 16) Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological oe Published in oe: pviiney: April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $1.50 per year; foreign, $1.75 in advance; single copies 35 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and: observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Au- thors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, tr North Broadway, White Plains, N. Y. BULLE TIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vor. XVII FEBRUARY, 1923 No. 1 MEMORIES OF FIFTY YEARS AGO. _ By Cuartes W. Lene, Staten Island, N. Y.* As well as I can remember, the prominent members of the Brooklyn Entomological Society in 1875 or 1876 when I, a boy of 16, joined it, were Graef, Tepper, Fuchs, Luetgens, and Schaupp. Of Graef and Tepper, I can tell nothing more than will be found in “ Some Early Brooklyn Entomologists” by Edward L. Graef in Volume IX of the BuLLetin.. My own “ Recollections of Charles Fuchs” was published in the same volume, and a brief obituary of August Luetgens in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society. Schaupp’s position as secretary and editor made him perhaps of more importance than either of these; and as no notice of him has appeared, I shall begin with what I can remember. Franz G. Schaupp was born in Ulm, in southern Germany, the date I do not know, but it must have been previous to 1840. He was a highly educated man, familiar with Latin and Greek, as well as French, German, and English, and with many sciences; he was employed in his younger days as a private tutor in well-to-do German families. Some cause; which I do not recollect, led to his being compelled to leave Germany and brought him to America via France, as doctor of the emigrant ship William Frothingham. Of his arrival in New York in 1866 I am fortunately able to give an account in his own words, from having preserved. a letter he wrote to me in 1893; this letter will give you an idea of Schaupp’s personality as well as an interesting picture of New York in 1866. As I had attended half a year the lecture on Anatomy and disected the arm and the leg of a man, I knew a little of _ * Address delivered at the half-century meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, December 14, 1922. 2 : 1 2 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII anatomy, and during the half year I was staying with my friend C. Krell as secretary and assistant I knew also a bit of materia medica. But still I was rather afraid to pass an examination in spite of the assurance of some friends in Havre that it was but a matter of mere formality. There were three Doctores medicinae and their questions were as easy as possi- ble, everybody could have answered them. As in 1866 some cases of morbus cholera were in Europe, Prof. Pettenghoefer of Munich, Bavaria, an authority in his branch, brought for- ward a new theory about the spread of this disease, which I had just read before leaving Kehl, and when one of the Doc- tors questioned me about cholera, I could speak intelligently of this new theory. Now the French Doctors had heard of it and read excerpts of Dr. Pettenghoefer’s book, but were very glad, to have a full account and thus I, the examinandus, passed suddenly to the degree of Lecturer. Whereupon the gentlemen treated me as “ dear colleague,” most kindly and i1n- vited me to supper, which we took in a coffee-house, all the time talking morbus cholera. One of the next days the good ship William Frothingham from N: Y, Master Qualey set sail,—good bye, old dame Europe! All went well for about ten days, but then a storm came and I became awful sick and so did about 100 of the passengers. I could not help myself, but did really cure a dozen people, giving them the same remedies I took myself. We stayed at sea seven weeks, I had a fine time, plenty chicken, canned beef and veal, having my meals with the cap- tain and first mate and a whole cabin for myself. I caught some fish, as we were some days near the Newfoundland Banks without wind. As to my professional practice as sur- geon I had no serious case, the common complaint was sea- sickness, and indigestion, the emigrants having nothing to do, took frequent repasts devouring the bread, ham, cheese, saus- sage, etc. they brought from home, to pass the time and having no exercise, the bowels did not work and so they came for the Doctor who gave them either castor-oil ar epsom salt. One young lady slipped on the wet deck and was hurt,.so that she could not walk, but for a few hours refused to show the hurt parts, a stout young German had the stomach and bowels so full, that he complained of a heavy swelling in the stomach and refused to take castor oil or salt; for him I dissolved a good handful of salt, seasoned it with raspberry-juice and after an hour the swelling passed a posteriori. To some who complained of toothache I had to pull teeth, Capt Qualey wanted me to shave him, but I told him I never did, so he was Feb.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 3 satisfied with one “operation” and for the remainder of the journey the ship-carpenter officiated as barber. When we left Havre, I had three cases of wine and three of diff. kinds of brandies and bitters, which I most liberally dis- tributed among poor, sick passengers ; but as the journey lasted so very long, I told the second mate, that I was sorry I had no more wine left, he replied I might have as much wine as I wanted and indeed, he brought me as much, so that every sick person got a bottle or two, all gratis. How was this? We had a cargo of claret on board, the mate opened one and on arriving at New York, he took a hatchet and broke a stave of the half empty barrel!! One Friday night the captain called me on deck and showed me a light—America in sight! A light just as was the case with Columbus! All came on deck and waited for day-break, to see their new home! Hope and fear may have battled in many heart, but the principal feeling was that of satisfaction to have ended that long journey. When morning came we were quite far from that sandy shore of Long Island, we had a pilot, who brought news-papers, the first news after seven weeks! Austria had been defeated during this short time by Prussia; I translated the news into French and German for the emigrants (34 German % French), the Boarding. officer, Health officer and Customhouse people boarded the vessel, I treated the whole crowd with cognac, and the customhouse officers most politely chalked my whole packages including the empty wine and brandy-cases with their hieroglyphs without looking in.— As emigrants are not landed on Sunday, the boarding officer, a German, asked me if I should like to go with him ashore. If I liked after seven weeks at sea! The Captain gave me leave of absence till 12 oclock midnight! and thus I landed with Uncle Sam’s little steamer at Pier No 3 North River Saturday at 5 pm in August 1866. The Health officer, the Boarding and two Custom-house officers came along with me and we entered a saloon, each had a glass of wine or liquor, and when I wanted to pay my part, I was told, All is paid, that same thing happened four times—what a glorious coun- try! Drink as much and what you want—all paid! My country-man, the boarding officer explained the matter to me, and said: One asks: Gentleman have a drink with me, he orders and pays for all. Well, of course, I said: Gentleman, have a drink with me, and put a gold dollar on the bar, we drank and the bar keeper handed me a dollar back. Now, how is that? 4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII Well in 1866 gold was worth $1.50 and as I had about $300 in gold, I had in fact $450.00. After passing into a few saloons, the Boarding Officer asked me, where I intended to take lodgings and when I told him, I did not yet know, he accompanied me to the Stuttgarter Hof, kept by a country- man of mine, where he introduced me to the proprietor as the Doctor of the Wm. Frothingham. What kind people! I was at once introduced to the lady of the house and two pretty nieces, invited to a splendid supper, after that I had a ride in the hotelier’s carriage uptown, we went in several fine saloons, my host threw a dollar on the counter and ordered some Rhine-wine, fine cigars, went into a theatre (Bowery), stayed there but one act, drove home at about Io o’clock and I had not to pay a cent! What a glorious country, these United States, gold rolling, kindness, liberality and hospitality bound- less. During the social chat my landlord asked, if 1 could induce some of the emigrants to stay at his hotel, the fare was $1.50 as everywhere and the meals the same he had on his table. You see that was business! I promised him to bring at least one hundred and so I did. As I had to returri at midnight on board ship, he gave me two boxes of cigars, a dozen bottles of beer, some bottles of milk for babies, some fruit, German and French Newspapers of the last weeks, went with me to the Pier, paid the sailor $1.00, who had to row me in a small boat on board of the ship which was at anchor in the middle of the North River. When the emigrants were landed, over one hundred went with me to the “ Stuttgarter Hof,” where all were kindly treated, well fed, and to most procured situations. I intended to stay a month in N. Y. and then return with my free ticket, 2d cabin of a French steamer ; but I liked it so much, and lived so careless, that I sold my ticket and resolved to remain here. In the first time I made many excursions, mostly with the hotel keeper and at his ex- penses, then I served as interpreter and guide to some of my passengers, who were seeking situations and trying to hunt up some friends residing in N. Y. and neighborhood. One of those trips was quite interesting. Two young ladies, one en- gaged to a young man, had an aunt living in No. 69 or so South 1th Wmsbrgh, c/o somebody. I went with them one Sunday morning, came to Grand street Wmbrgh, but could find no such No., then we tried North 1th Street, all in vain, during several hours. Then I told them I had an old lady- friend, living in Myrtle Ave. near Broadway (an old sweet- heart of my younger days), married to a grocer, named Pfeifer; we found Broadway and Myrtle Ave., but no such a 4 Feb., 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 5 grocer. At the corner of Brdwy and Myrtle Ave. was a great park, kept by one Aignue, there we entered and asked if we could get some dinner, the people were German and very kind, and when I told them our business, they said, O that’s Mr. Pfeifer corner Flushing Ave. and Delmonico Place, their boy showed me the place and my old sweet heart recognized me at once, fell into my arms and wept for joy! I had been the first and only person of the old home she met. Her husband, an elderly gentleman went with me to get my three companions and then we went to a garden, had some beer and the owner of the garden happened to be from the same town in Germany as my companions. We spoke of our fruitless search of the aunt, when an old lady crossed the beergarden and I said to the girls in jest, “ Look that is your aunt.” The girls were hardly 20 years old and their aunt had been in America for 25 years, so they did not know each other. Mrs. Pfeifer called the old lady and said: Look here are some people from our country, Mr. Pfeifer invited her to take a drink with us and when she questioned the girls, it was in fact their aunt. All at the table felt some moisture in the eye at the touching scene. The girls stayed with her aunt, who was well to do and both married afterwards and I stayed after some time in board with Mr. Pfeifer, paying $1.00 a week for board! In the hotel I had nothing to pay, for it was customary, that a hotel keeper pays $1.00 for each emigrant to the one who brings them. I did not accept any money, as I thought it would be wrong, but did not refuse free board and many treats. One day I was at a restaurant and an American approached me asking if he could look at my clothes?! I did not know what he meant, first, I had a cheap, shoddy, suit from Paris and finally the gentleman said, if I would give him my suit, I might pick out any one in a fine Broadway clothing store. This I did and changed the Paris suit, for which I paid 20 francs == $4.00 for a fine American suit priced at $30.00. So far all went smoothly, but the future was sometimes badly clouded.—Sunshine and thunderstorms interchanged.— I wish that Schaupp had continued his reminiscences, but they ended abruptly with this letter for reasons suggested, rather than stated, in a subsequent letter. Dear Friend Leng: It is, indeed, a very long time, since I have written my last letter to you and the reason for my long silence is or was my indisposition to write my curriculum vitae! I procrastinated 6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII from day to day, but I never feeled inclined to go to work it out. When I go over my past life, a sad, very sad feeling is awakened, when I consider the many good chances I was offered and which I had neglected & slighted, I feel deep regrets. I might be by this time a gentleman of good stand- ing, in easy circumstances, a much more useful member of the human society, perhaps a man of fame. I had learning enough, sufficient common sense, pretty high aspirations, but alas! too much carelessness and indolence. If I were young and had to live my life over again, I should “ berhaps’”’ be wiser, but, now, I am too old and the loss is irreparable. But still I am happy, I forget what has been. As far as I know, the ten years between 1866, when he came to New York, and 1876, when I knew him, were occupied with teaching languages partly at Wright’s Business College, partly at private houses or in his own room, and with collecting and studying beetles, in which study he had by 1876 gone far, having a large collection and being in constant communication with Horn and Leconte, visiting the latter especially often in Philadelphia. Schaupp’s appearance during these years has been well described by Mr. Graef: “Of middle age, of very large proportions, weigh- ing perhaps 250 pounds, with a massive head crowned with curly hair well tinged with gray . . . he was pleasant, cordial and over- flowing with good nature and humor.” It might be added that his skin was olive-brown and his eyes small and twinkling, and that one peculiarity was the frequent use of the word “ atchidentity ” to express any strong emotion, as when a beetle dropped on the floor. For the sake of continuity I must leave Schaupp for a few minutes and interpolate the beginnings of my own connection with the Society. I began to collect insects fifty years ago, in 1872, the year in which the Society was organized. In September of that year, when the pupils of the Lafayette Institute assembled after the summer vacation, one of them, Hugh Hill, about thirteen years of age, told how he had spent the summer in England with rela- tives and had promised to collect some American butterflies for one of them. I, as his chum, was naturally obliged to assist him, and our first attempts were among the thistles and other fall flowers that grew in Brooklyn’s vacant lots around Bedford and Nostrand Avenue. We soon concluded to make collections for ourselves as well as for the English uncle; and when, six months Feb., 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society vi later, the school broke up and we were sent to the Polytechnic Institute, we considered ourselves, though only fourteen, entomolo- gists and proud of our acquaintance with John Akhurst, from whom we were buying pins and cork and wishing we could buy some of the gorgeous butterflies he would show us when good- humored. [I still use the pinning forceps I bought from Akhurst and remember his protruding blue eyes and straggling white beard as if only a few minutes instead of fifty years had passed. At the Polytechnic we tried to interest other boys and some occasionally went tramping with us, sometimes leading us to woodland spots they knew of between Greenwood Cemetery and Fort Hamilton, others near Canarsie, out toward Woodhaven and Jamaica, or be- yond the Myrtle Avenue car barns; but as none of them persisted it is useless to mention their names. Gradually we found that a few boxes of insects were housed in Professor Plympton’s room, and that a collection could be seen at the Long Island Historical Society on Court Street. Finally we organized the Polytechnic Entomological Society and secured the attendance at a meeting of some older men of whom we had heard. Akhurst, W. V. An- drews, and P. Elbert Nostrand were, I think, among the first. Andrews was a retired British Army officer, glad to eke out his slender income by selling Edwards’s “ Butterflies of America” for a commission or even specimens from his duplicates. From him I made my first purchase of a pair of Hoplia coerulea, going with- out lunch for the purpose. Nostrand had been a Polytechnic stu- dent, but by 1875 was graduated and working as a city surveyor in the Bushwick district. His home was surrounded by a large garden and many pear trees, the fruit of which Mr. Andrews greatly enjoyed when we met at Nostrand’s house. Nostrand soon nominated George D. Hulst as a member; at his suggestion our name was changed to Long Island Entomological Society. With Hulst and Nostrand I had many walks afield, became initi- ated in the joy of sugaring, and made my first acquaintance with a skunk; but I had already begun to collect other orders, especially beetles, and could not sympathize entirely with their exclusive de- votion to Lepidoptera. I think my first beetle was a Platynus cupripenms, and that, being afraid it might sting, I tried to stab it with a pin as it ran away. I was young when I commenced to collect, but others have begun even younger. The Twelfth Report New York State Entomologist, for instance, contains, on page 299, a figure of Neuronia pardalis captured in June, 1896, by Howard 8 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII Notman, who by the date of his birth, elsewhere given, could have been only 15 when he began catching rare insects and making col- ored figures of them. During these early years my parents, of course, took an interest in my entomological pursuits and discussed them with their ac- quaintance. One of these happened to be a niece of Dr. George H. Horn, to whom I consequently wrote asking advice and assistance. My letter probably showed my youth, and, if I remember correctly, Dr. Horn’s reply suggested my growing a little more and mean- while visiting Schaupp. It may also have happened that I heard of Schaupp from Akhurst or Hulst. I think I wrote to him, in- viting him to visit the Long Island Entomological Society, and, however it came about, there was a meeting in my father’s home, 275 Clermont Avenue, about 1875, at which Schaupp presented a plan for amalgamating the Long Island and the Brooklyn societies. His proposal was not acceptable to the majority, but, after a time, several of the members joined the Brooklyn Society individually. I believe I was the first of them to do so, becoming a member in 1876 or 1877, and certainly before the first volume of the BULLETIN was printed in 1878. By that time I was out of school, taking weekly lessons in German from Schaupp, and carrying to him the collections made on the previous Sunday to get the new ones named. So it naturally happened that I was called upon to correct the too evidently Teutonic idioms that sometimes appeared in the galley proof and, as I was then working for a mechanical draughts- man, to draw the seal which I am proud to see still, after 44 years, appears on its cover. The figure of Cicindela schauppi in the center was drawn by Schaupp himself or by some artistic friend of his, the remainder was my work. Some account of those entomological meetings of nearly fifty years ago may be interesting. They were held in Schaupp’s room, which was on the top floor of Schaeffer’s saloon at No. 9 Broad- way, Williamsburg, the Schaeffer family occupying the rest of the floor. There was a long table in the room and I usually arrived early enough to help Schaupp to clear it of accumulated boxes and books. One by one the members climbed three or four flights of stairs to be heartily greeted by Schaupp. The knock on the door was answered by “herein,” the final departure was always “es hat mir sehr erfreut,” such greetings, of course, in German. There was Graef, well-dressed and argumentative; there was Schmelter, interested in Chrysomelidae, and Tepper, absorbed in Papualios, Je Feb.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 9 both tall, thin, and retiring in their modest behavior; there was Fuchs, engraver of gold jewelry, then wearing a great brown beard and possessing a glorious thirst; there was Hoyt, a bookkeeper in McLoughlin’s toy-book factory; and finally Gustav Fuchs, who had no collection, but belonged for sociability’s sake. These were almost always present; sometimes there came also Salzwedel, Giss- ler, specializing in Tenebrionidae, and Merkel, who had a famous collection of Cychrini. Specialization was Schaupp’s pet theory and we all fell more or less earnestly in line except Luetgens, who maintained throughout his seventy years of life a steadfastness in his own way of doing things that not even Schaupp could change. To proceed with the account of the meetings, there would be much miscellaneous conversation among the members, in German, except as Hoyt and I might be planning a Sunday tramp, until Schaupp demanded order and instructed Gustav to read the minutes of the preceding stated meeting. These were in English, read with a strong German accent, and were freely corrected by all present. They were followed by Schaupp’s reading such letters as had been received, often including personal matters, offers to sell specimens, biological and taxonomic notes from Horn, Dury, Blanchard, Bel- frage, etc. Each letter was freely discussed and at length except that Fuchs would occasionally protest against the length and aridity of the meeting. Schaupp’s letters disposed of, there was rarely any delay in adjourning to Schaeffer’s saloon downstairs, where, with the help of beer, coffee, cakes, and sandwiches, the informal meeting was prolonged to.a late hour. I had to watch the clock for a Roosevelt Street ferryboat that would enable me, by running to Whitehall Street, to catch the last boat for Staten Island, and then walk four and a half miles to my home. On rare occasions the informal meeting was delayed for Gissler to speak on the anatomy of Tenebrionidae, or Meyer to speak on Papilio. I usu- ally had with me a box half full of captures, partly to get names, partly in hopes that Schaupp would fill the other half from his duplicates. Sometimes my specimens would start discussion. Melitaea phaeton, which I had found abundant in a swamp near Canarsie, did so once; Thaneroclerus sanguineus on another occa- sion. During the years I remember best there was little field work by the older members, except in summer vacation time, which Schaupp, for instance, often spent at Callicoon, N. Y. There was one general field meeting at Clifton, N. J. There was little interest in any orders except Lepidoptera and Coleoptera; indeed, I do not 10 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII recall their being even mentioned. After May, 1878, the BULLE- TIN was of prime interest, being practically edited at the meetings. Its first volume is especially a reflection of the matters presented at the meetings, Schaupp’s beetle larvae, Graef and Tepper’s rare butterflies, letters from Dury, Fernald, Horn, Leconte, etc., while the advertisements show from whom the members bought their material and supplies. The meetings were full of life and fun. To proceed to a little later in the history of the Society, before the end of 1878, Hulst and Nostrand had joined the Society and in deference to them the meetings were conducted more in English. The succeeding volumes of the BULLETIN show the increasing in- fluence of Hulst in the preponderance of papers on Lepidoptera and he soon became a member of the publication committee. An- other important addition to the Society came in the person of John B. Smith. It was at one of the meetings in Schaupp’s room that he proposed a new member whose artistic ability would permit of the BULLETIN being more freely illustrated. Name? “Smith”; what Smith? “John,” the replies being greeted with laughter. Then began the immense series of John B. Smith’s contributions to Entomology, tabulated after his death by Grossbeck, 546 titles in 31 years, including three editions of the “Insects of New Jersey,” which has been in such constant use. By 1882, though only 24 years old, Smith had become assistant editor, and continued as such until he became editor-in-chief in 1884. The present presi- dent of the Society, William T. Davis, was also an occasional visitor to the famous room at No. 9 Broadway. When I returned to Staten Island in 1870, I looked in Cassino’s Directory for Staten Island naturalists and found the name of N. L. Britton. I wrote to him and was referred to Mr. Davis. He promptly came to see me and thus began a friendship that has continued for over forty years. We attended the Brooklyn meetings together as often as possible, but had many more meetings in the Staten Island woods at a time when Cychrini, orchids, and wild fruits were more com- mon than now. The years from 1878 to 1884 were years of great activity in the Society and the results of lasting benefit to entomology. The synoptic tables of Carabidae, prepared by Schaupp with the assist- ance of Dr. Leconte and Dr. Horn, make the volumes of the BULLETIN then published still the principal source of information on that family. The other contents of those early volumes were sufficiently varied to be of interest to subscribers and members. | Feb., 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society tt The Society outgrew its quarters and the place of meeting was changed to Wright’s Business College. Without disparagement to later editors, the stimulus behind the BULLETIN and the Society was Schaupp, and his departure from Brooklyn in 1884 was a mis- fortune for the Society as well as for him. The last twenty years of his life were spent in Texas and, for part of the time, in poverty. He maintained himself partly by giving lessons in English to the children of German ranchmen, partly by collecting insects, at one time for Riley, but mostly for private collectors. His genial dis- position won friends for him in Texas as it had done in Brooklyn, and when his death happened on November 7, 1904, the local news- papers, as Dr. Schwarz has told me, recorded the departure of a learned and honored citizen with regret. There was one other member of the old Brooklyn Entomological Society with whom I became well acquainted and of whom no biographical notice has appeared. Christopher H. Roberts should certainly be remembered at this time. In the American Entomolo- gist for December, 1868, page 80, among the answers to corre- spondents, is one to C. H. Roberts, of Poughkeepsie, anent apple- twig borer (Bostrichus bicaudatus). In Volume VI of the BuLLE- TIN, page 77, you find the same name signed in 1884 to collecting notes, and thereafter for many years Mr. Roberts was a prominent member of the Society, 31 years its treasurer, and the author of valuable papers on water beetles, which were his specialty. I came to know him through John B. Smith, with whom, I think, he took the degree of D.Sc., and beginning in 1884, he was a fre- quent visitor at my home on Staten Island, often arriving on Sunday morning for breakfast, tramping and collecting all day, and returning in the evening for supper. Sometimes Julich, or Soltau, or Linell, would join in these tramps; if Soltau was along, the Constanz Brewery would surely be included in the route. Later Roberts would come to Staten Island in the evening to study Chrysomelidae and smoke cigarettes, of which quite a stock of butts would accumulate before bed time. Still later his removal to Sound Beach made our meetings less frequent, so that I knew little of his last years which ended on September 29, 1916. I could go on indefinitely with these memories of friends of many years ago, George Horn, Merkel, Julich, Reinecke, Bolter, Schuster, Linell, and many more whose names come back to me, but I find I am getting down to comparatively recent times of only twenty or thirty, instead of fifty, years ago. So the last thing I 12 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII will speak of is the incorporation of the Society in 1885 and the list of members thereto attached. Of the six who signed the cer- tificate of incorporation, Graef, Hulst, Neumogen, Smith, and Roberts are gone. I and “the humble notary,” as Mr. Archibald C. Weeks once called himself, are the survivors of the legal trans- action. Of the members at that time, George Angell, Beuten- muller, Doll, Franck, Gade, and Pearsall are also happily still liv- ing. More than the survival of any individual, however, what counts is the survival of the Society itself, which after fifty years is still vigorous and useful in promoting Entomology. Under the able management of Franck, Dow, Engelhardt, Bueno, Schaeffer, and Bequaert, and most of all, our beloved president, William T. Davis, the second of American entomological societies flourishes again as it did in Schaupp’s time. I congratulate the efficient offi- cers who have accomplished this result and close with a wish that I know all will echo, that the Society may be still stronger after another fifty years in passing have again changed the youngest member into the oldest. Amblyscirtes textor Hiibner from Virginia.—A single male specimen of this species in fresh condition was received by me from one of my correspondents, who collected it in the Dismal Swamp in Virginia on May 30, 1922. Records of this species from Virginia are scarce, if any at all, North Carolina being gen- erally considered the northern limit—E. L. Bett, Flushing, N. Y. Euphyes dion in New Jersey.—Two male specimens of Euphyes dion Edwards were taken at Stockholm, Sussex County, New Jer- sey, on July 8, 1922. Most of the records of this species in New Jersey are from localities farther south and nearer the coast.— E. L. Bett, Flushing, N. Y. © Feb.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 13 NOTES ON THE EGGS OF CORIXIDAE. By H. B. Huncerrorp, Professor of Entomology, Kansas Uni- versity, Lawrence, Kansas. There is today, as there always has been, an active interest in the water and the life it supports. To those of us who conduct classes to the lake, pond, or stream for a survey of aquatic life, any contribution that helps to recognize the objects of our catch is indeed welcome. This little paper is a report upon the various types of the eggs of the Corixidae as we know them in our North American waters. The nymphs resemble the adults sufficiently to be recognized by any one who is in the least familiar with the structure of the Boat- men. The inverted top-shaped eggs also are familiar objects to those accustomed to collecting in our fresh waters (Fig. 1). Sometimes they are found thickly covering every available support the water affords. Their astonishing numbers in the water is more nearly appreciated when we recall that they have been gathered by the Mexicans from reeds submerged for the purpose and utilized by them as food. This may be a food source not to the liking of our cultivated palates, but it is a convincing illustration of abun- dance. There are, on the other hand, a couple of corixids, the eggs of which are not so generally known. The first is Ramphocorixa acuminata (Uhler), the interesting oviposition habits of which have been reported hitherto, and the second is Cymatia americana Hus- sey, a recently described insect, whose egg is here reported for the first time. Ramphocorixa acuminata (Uhl.) generally, but not exclusively, attaches its eggs to the body of a crayfish (see Plate I, Fig. 6). Dr. S. A. Forbes (1876) appears to be the first one to have found them, but Dr. J. F. Abbott (1912) was the first to fix the identity of the species possessing this curious habit. This latter author calls it a symbiotic relationship. There seems to be some justifi- cation in believing that the insect derives some benefit. When one gathers egg-bearing crayfish it is quite noticeable that the eggs occur upon the first and second abdominal pleurites more fre- quently than elsewhere. Especially is this to be seen when only a few eggs have been attached. The apparent explanation of this would be that there is a constant stream of water being drawn over these parts as the crustacean draws the water beneath the carapace. (See Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.) 14 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII Cymatia americana Hussey was described in this BULLETIN, Vol. XV, p. 80, from a pond near St. Paul, Minn. It was the first member of the genus Cymatia to be found in this country and has proved to be a most interesting form. Mr. Hussey gives an account of its remarkable mode of hibernation in Vol. XVI, pp. 131-136, of this BuLLETIN. It may be recalled that he found the bugs to pass the winter sealed in small cavities in the ice, from 10 to 50 individuals tightly crowded in groups in each pocket. I had the pleasure of visiting the pond from which this species was taken many times during the summer of 1921. I found it fairly abundant, but not the dominant species of the pond as it had been a few seasons before. By early August it was not to be found in any part of the pond, although diligent search ‘was made for it several times. The unprecedented hot summer appeared to have warmed the waters too much for its existence. Collections were made in a various number of water bodies with which the region abounds, but Cymatia americana was not taken. This species ap- pears to be northern in distribution. Mr. Hussey reports speci- mens from North Dakota and I have specimens from Canada. It may be that the extreme heat of last summer has destroyed our little colony at St. Paul, Minn., for collectors report that they can not find it this summer. I made one attempt to rear the species, but secured only the egg and first instar stages, which I deem worthy of reporting at this time (see Figs. 3-5). The eggs are quite interesting because they are attached by transparent stalks of considerable length like the eggs of Porocorixa in Australia reported just last year by Mr. Herbert M. Hale (Records of the South Australian Museum, Vol. t1, No. 2, Apr., 1922). Eggs laid June 20 showed faint pink ill- defined eye spots on June 25 and all hatched by June 30. The newly hatched bugs were not isolated and one morning I found one nymph that had caught another and midst the feeble protests of the unfortunate victim the captor was slowly sucking out its life blood. They were head to head, the beak of the diner pressed firmly against the forehead of the other. Under the binocular the process was observed and finally, the meal complete, the live bug endeavored to disengage itself, but its stylets held firmly and he swam about dragging the carcass of his brother. At this point I placed the pair in alcohol. Hussey had noted that this species appeared to be predaceous. The front palae are slender instead of broad and spoon-shaped like the common forms, the foraging habits BuLteTiN BRooktyn ENTomotoaicat Society. Vor. XVIII. PLATE 1 16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII of which are quite different from other aquatic Hemiptera in that they ingest quantities of organic ooze and can readily be shown to eat pure cultures of Spirogyra and other algae. The descriptions of the egg and first instar nymph follow: Egg.—The egg is pearly white when first laid and is anchored to some plant support by a long very slender glossy transparent stalk. The base of the stalk is attached to its support by a small characteristic pad of gelatinous substance. The entire clear flex- ible stalk appears to be made of the same substance. The egg itself is much like that of any other corixid—asymmetrical with a clear nipple-like apex. In hatching the free end peels back in five or six sections like any other. (See Figs. 4 and 5.) The egg, stalk and all, is about three times as long as wide. The egg and stalk are about equal in length, each being .8 or .o mm., and the width of the egg about .6 mm. First Instar Nymph (see Fig. 3) measures about 1.7 mm. long and .g mm. across the head. The insect is transparent with red eyes when first out of the shell, but becomes somewhat pigmented shortly. The beak is like that of other corixid nymphs and the tarsi are all one segmented, the shape of the front ones much like those of the other legs. The front leg ends in a single claw, while the middle and hind legs are terminated by two long slender claws of equal size and length. EXPLANATION OF PuaTE I. Fic. 1. Egg of a common boatman, showing the increase in size as embryo develops within. Fic. 2. Shows stages in the emergence of a nymph: a, the bubble like inflated membrane of the post natal molt; b, the vertex of the embryo. The second drawings show the embryo after it has advanced into the inflated bubble and the figure on the right the abandoned egg shell and post natal molt. Fic. 3. First instar nymph of Cymatia americana Hussey. Fic. 4. A newly laid egg of Cymatia americana Hussey. Fic. 5. The same egg after the escape of the nymph. Fic. 6. Crayfish with eggs on first and second abdominal pleurites. The arrows indicate direction of water current. Fic. 7. One of the R. acuminata Uhl. eggs from Fig. 6 en- larged and reticulate surface shown (any corixid egg shows reticu- lation if studied carefully). Feb.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society EZ A RECLASSIFICATION OF THE SUBFAMILIES AND GEN- ERA OF NORTH AMERICAN SYRPHIDAE (DIPTERA). APPENDIX. By Raymonp C. SHANNON, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. The following key is similar to the one for the subfamilies of Syrphidae published in the BULLETIN oF THE BrooKLyn ENTO- MOLOGICAL SOCIETY, xvi:67. It differs mainly in having the aber- rant genera keyed out separately, in order to remove certain com- plications in the preceding key, and not as a substitute, but as a supplement to it. Also a few additional characters have been in- cluded and corrections made in terminology. The writer made the mistake in the first key (see above citation) of calling the first posterior cell the discal cell. Wherever the expression “ Third vein with a free branch projecting in the discal cell” or “ Third vein looped downwards in the discal cell” is made the first poste- rior cell is meant and not the discal cell. The keys to the genera given in the previous parts of this paper may stand as they were. TABLE OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF SYRPHIDAE WITH THE ABERRANT GENERA KEYED SEPARATELY. Re Amietings with a tenminal styles. 020) eae. Pe a ca 2. AMLennae, With dorsal afinta te. 6 2eh GNA ova ae 4 3'os-0 4. 2. First two antennal joints elongate ; anterior crossvein placed at or beyond middle of discal cell; plumula absent. Cerioides. First two joints short ; anterior crossvein placed well before middle of discal cell CEE Te ee en Se e. 3. Third antennal joint cylindrical; eyes pilose..... Callicera. Third antennal joint broadened basally ; eyes bare. Pelecocera. 4. Antennae elongate; stigmatical crossvein present ; third vein with a free branch projecting into first posterior cell (except ini Meeogaster)).. ccs. . eee Microdontinae. A stigmal crossvein not present in the few forms which have elongate antennae; no free branch projecting into Rae UNSEEN I Lins 0) 5 52) wore x ahsns gms, 4, 0) Seeheva cute ohonat ade 5. 5. Body thickly punctate, nearly bare; arista as short as width of third antennal joint; anal furrow very short ; abdomen of both sexes with four visible segments. ..N ausigaster. Exe CEN UTICLALE, ELE 0 0)'c.4/,"o\n's.5, 20m sata « 6 sean me oe bina 6. 18 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII 10. Ite We 13 I4. . The humeral calli and intrahumeral region distinctly desti- tute of pile; abdomen of both sexes with five visible SCQMISMEGS 2S oes e+ 3 ye ere eee re stele eee Syrphinae. Pile extending upon humeral region; abdomen of males with four visible segments exclusive of hypopygium. . .7. ) Marotmal cell closed’and petiolate... «oe eee 8. Marcinalicell opens si: fer teen ie oe hee eee 10. . Third longitudinal vein straight ; apical crossvein recurrent on distal end'j2b eee he ays V olucellinae. Third vein looped downwards into first posterior cell... .9. . Large, yellow and black species; post stigma opening twice as long as wide; anal vein beyond anal cell strongly Be tak..osi2¥e(ce’ Gb pak ithe eases eat eeas eee eae are gee Milesia. Post stigma one and one half times, or less, as long as wide; last section of anal vein normal..... Eristalinae, in part. Part of arista, at least, with long plumosity........... qe Arista pubescent; On sates cele. cies erie ae eee 123 Anterior crossvein joining discal cell before middle. Chilosinae, in part. Anterior crossvein joining discal cell at or beyond middle. Sericomyinae. Third longitudinal vein with a deep downward loop into first posterior cell; face, except for median stripe, clothed with long pile; a distinct spinose patch present on base of hind femora on exterior side..... Eristalinae. Third vein usually straight; in forms where it is looped downwards the face is bare and the hind femora are WaAbhOUt\Spinose soatelive wry tle ey en ie oe: a ene Te: Discal crossvein placed before middle of discal cell. . Chilosinae. Discal crossvein joining discal cell at or beyond middle. . 14. Thorax with bristles (Chilosinae).......... Ferdinandea. @horacwithoutnbristlesia: atte. hone X ylotinae. ADDITIONAL NOTES. The subfamily Sericomyinae is defined primarily on the struc- ture of the genitalia. This group has unequally developed poste- rior claspers, or, as Metcalf calls them, styles. Metcalf (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 1921, p. 207) has also noted this very unusual development of the genitalia in Sericomyia and Condidea. Appar- ently he did not have Arctophila and Pyritis, for these genera are not included in his publication. Bes Feb., 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 19 Temnostoma.—This genus, as well as Spilomyia (see discussion under Xylotinae), has the face pilose. Chilosinae.—A revised key is given in the August (1922) num- ber of the Insecutor Insci. Mens. for the Chilosinae with tubercu- late face. Myioleptini—tThis tribe may be characterized by the presence of pile on the humeral region; absence of stigmatical crossvein; posi- tion of anterior crossvein before middle of discal cell ; dorsal arista ; all the femora swollen and spinose on lower side; second longi- tudinal vein usually turned abruptly upwards to meet costa; third and fourth veins usually meet close to wing margin. TABLE OF GENERA OF M ytoleptini. 1. Body thinly clothed with short pile; face black; antennae 120) Hite 0) 0127 | aN iC Sl Eo dali ds Myiolepta Newm. Body and head pile for the most part developed scale-like, BQUICNEOSE 15. atcl's, Gilc. ceesacaere oak teteg es a ov sieas is tea cee a ta, 2. 2. Antennae elongate, third joint about six times as long as wide; petiole beyond union of third and fourth veins nearly as long as anterior crossvein...Lepidostola Will. Antennae normal, third joint not more than twice as long as wide; petiole much shorter than length of crossvein. Eumytolepta Snn. Lepidostola pulchra Will—There is a specimen of this species, evidently of the type material, in the Cornell collection. Critical examination of it shows that the genus Lepidostola belongs to the Myioleptint tribe. Other peculiar characters worth noting in this species are the presence of normal pile on the occiput, arrangement of the mesonotal tomentum in three transverse rows, and the absence of the spurious vein. Loew has described a species of this genus, calopus, from Cuba, and Hine’s species, transversa, which he describes in the Ohio Naturalist, Vol. XIV, 208, under Myiolepta, appears to belong here, too. This species was taken in Honduras. Eumyiolepta.—TABLeE OF SPECIES. 1. Face with a pair of luteous spots. . meer. vt strigilata Lw. Face black in ground color, usually heavily silvery polli- WOSE: cic. Rete ee OREN Ee te ais Shc ae ve aL OY 2. 2. Tomentum of mesonotum short and arranged in rows. aurscaudata Will. Tomentum generally distributed over mesonotum....... 5. 20 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII 3. Tomentum on mesonotum long, entirely hiding the ground color ; abdomen black with transverse pollinose markings. aurinota Hine. Tomentum short and sparse, easily revealing the ground color; dorsal surface of second and third abdominal seg- ments flat and brownish in male, black in female; no transverse pollinose markings.......... cornellia n. sp. Eumyiolepta cornellia n. sp. Male —Ocellar region shining black, remainder of ocellar triangle silvery pollinose; frontal triangle silvery pollinose and bearing whitish tomentum except on the shining black patch above antennae; face densely silvery pollinose except on shin- ing black, small rounded tubercle and cheek; occiput silvery, with white tomentum. Mesonotum with sparse, short, pale yellow tomentum; tomentum lighter on pleurae. Legs black, except tips of femora, bases of tibiae, and tips of fore and middle tibiae, which are yellowish; fore tarsi brownish; first and second joints of middle and hind femora yellowish, re- maining joints brownish; femora and tibiae clothed with white tomentum. Abdomen with first three tergites colored from grayish to brown, flattened and clothed with very sparse and short black hairs, their sides with longer whitish hairs and tomentum ; fourth tergite rounded, black, with yellowish poste- rior margin, thinly clothed with yellowish tomentum. Wings hyaline, with dusky cloud between tips of first and third vein; halteres yellowish brown; squamae and plumula whitish. Length, 9.5 mm.; wing, 7 mm. Female.—Front twice as wide at antennae as at ocelli, sil- very pollinose, sparsely clothed with white tomentum; antennal frons (a definite bare space in Xylotinae and certain Chilo- sinae extending across frons above antennae) bare, shining black. Face concave. Abdominal tergites blackish with yel- lowish margins. Otherwise like the male. Length, 8 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm. Type, allotype and male paratype: Texas Pass, Ariz., July 20, 1917, J. C. Bradley and’R. C. Shannon. Paratype male: Needles, California, April 6, 1918, on willow, J. C. Bradley. Named cornellia in commemoration of the Cornell Biological Expedition of 1917, during which specimens were taken. The writer has made Myiolepta bella Will. the type of a new genus, Apicomyia (August number of Jnsec. Insci. Mens., 1922). Curran states that this species shows relationship with the Crior- Feb., 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 21 rhini. At present but two North American species of Myiolepta which Williston recognized remain in the genus, M. migra Lw. (entirely black species) and M. varipes Lw. (anterior corners of abdomen yellowish). There is a third form, represented by a single female specimen in the Cornell Collection, which appears distinct. Myiolepta californica n. sp. Female—Head over one and one half as broad as high; frons at vertex two thirds the width of frons at antennae; face nearly truncate, but very little produced downwards. Pile everywhere very short and sparse. Anterior corners of second tergite luteous; base of wings, squamae, halteres, and plumula very light yellow; basal section, ¢.e., before the angle, of apical crossvein greater than length of anterior crossvein; wings hyaline. Length, 9 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm. Holotype female: Sherwood, Mendocino Co., California, July 1, 1907, J. C. Bradley. This species is closely allied to M. nigra, which differs in having the head as high as broad; frons at anten- nae nearly twice as broad as at vertex ; face protruding downwards; base of wings less conspicuously light; wings smoky throughout ; legs more contrastingly bicolored (californica has black femora, brown tibiae, fore tarsi brownish; first and second joints of middle and hind tarsi dull yellow, remaining joints brownish) ; the section of apical crossvein before the angle of about half of the length of anterior crossvein ; general color throughout shining black. Curran (Canadian Entomologist, 1922, p. 18) recognizes M. lunulata Bigot as being distinct. Collecting Notes on Lepidoptera.— Two specimens of Basi- larchia astyanax form albofasciata Newcomb were taken by the writer during the summer of 1922, a male at Ogdensburg, New Jersey, on July 10, and a female at Flushing, Long Island, New York, on August 5. A fresh male specimen of Epimecis vir- ginaria form carbonaria Haimbach was taken at Flushing, New York, on October 28, 1922. This seems to be a late occurrence for this insect, as both the typical and this melanic form are usu- ally found during May, though occasionally an individual is found during the summer months; carbonaria is a rather scarce form at any time, females being of much rarer occurrence than males.— E. L. Bett, Flushing, N. Y. 22 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII A NEW SUGARCANE MINER. By J. M. Atpricu, U. S. National Museum. Ectecephala tripunctata n. sp. A large, robust, pale-colored species, with a striking black dot on the ocellar triangle and one below each anterior thoracic spiracle. Female.——Head entirely yellow except the ocellar dot and the upper and apical portion of the third antennal joint. Front more than half as wide as the head, frontal triangle smooth and shining, ungrooved, widely separated from the eye on each side, broadly rounded apically, extending nearly to the antennae, which are inserted on a prominence which in profile projects more than half the longitudinal diameter of the eye; there are some noticeable black hairs on the sides of the triangle, as well as near the eyes, but the front and vertex bear only a single bristle, the outer vertical, which is not large. First antennal joint minute, second and third elongate, uf about equal length, the latter less than twice as long as deep; arista yellow at base, the remainder white, with white pubes- cence. Face retreating, unmarked, bucca one third the eye- height, proboscis and palpi yellow. Thorax entirely yellow except the sharply defined, very shining black dot under the anterior spiracle on each side, and three indistinct reddish stripes on the dorsum; surface of dorsum including scutellum covered with rather dense, short black hair; scutellum of ordinary shape, with three pairs of marginal bristles, including the apicals. Halteres yellow. Abdomen brownish red without any distinct markings, cov- ered with rather dense black hair. Wings subliyaline, toward apex a little infuscated; the distance between the crossveins is about equal to the last segment of the fifth vein, and fully double the length of the hind crossvein; last segment of fourth vein rather thin, parallel with third almost to tip. Legs wholly yellow. Length 6 mm. One female, reared from wild sugarcane at Talamanca, Costa Rica, by Carrington B. Williams; of Trinidad, B. W. I.; the adult emerged May 26, 1917. . Type, female, Cat. No. 22361, U. S. Nat. Mus. The specimen is accompanied by the puparium, which is 9.2 mm. long and 2.2 mm. wide, dark reddish-brown in color, the apices and sutures considerably wrinkled and corrugated. Along the pre Feb., 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 23 side each of the sutures swings backward in the middle, then again forward. The anterior spiracles are close to the mouth, quite prominent, and each bears some 40 or 50 small protuberances; the posterior spiracles are close together, consisting of the usual three radiating protuberances shaped somewhat like a grain of wheat. The twelfth or terminal segment is set into the eleventh so as to be but little visible from the side, although distinctly so from behind. The Type Specimens of Lygaeus kalmii Stal subsp. angusto- marginatus Parshley (Hemiptera, Lygaeidae).—In connection with the original description of this subspecies (Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, No. 71, p. 14, 1919) no definite statement of the type specimens was made. The data are as follows: Hototyre ¢: South Meriden, Conn., 6— VII-1914 (H. L. Johnson), and ALLotypPE: Boston, Mass., 6-1 X— 1878, in my collection. Paratypes ('9: Green Lake (near Ban- gor), Maine, 27-VII-1909 (F. A. Eddy) ; Durham, N. H. (C. M. Weed and W. F. Fiske); Beach Bluff, Mass., 26-VII-1914 (H.M.P.); and Beaver Dam, Wis., 16-VI-1911 (W. E. Sny- der), in my collection. Potomac Flats, D. C., 12-VIII-1903 (E. S. G. Titus) ; Washington, D. C., 14-VIII—-1906 (H. D. Clemons) ; and Walker, Wis., 11-VII-—1909, in the United States National Museum. Beaver Dam, Wis., 27-VI-1913 (W. E. Snyder), in the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan—H. M. ParsH- LEY, Northampton, Mass. Late Swarming of the Ant Lasius (Acanthomyops) claviger (Roger ).—November 7 was one of the many warm and mild days of the remarkably pleasant fall of 1922; but, even if it was warm and mild, ants that normally swarm much earlier in the season were not supposed to undertake their nuptial flight. However, though so late in the year, a colony of Lasius claviger decided to send forth their winged males and females on that day, and they swarmed in great numbers about a stone fence post on the grounds of Mr. George L. Egbert, Fort Hill, Staten Island. When some of them were put in a box, and also after they were mounted, the strong odor emanating from them, like that of the oil of citronella, was very noticeable—Wwm. T. Davis. 24 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII COLLECTING FLORIDA BUTTERFLIES IN MARCH. By E. L. Bett, Flushing, N. Y. A. collecting trip to Florida in March, 1921, from the first to the twenty-third, covered principally the territory in the immediate vicinity of Tampa, though some collecting was done at Gulfport, Thonotosassa, and other near-by points. The season seemed to be somewhat advanced, as was our north- erm season, owing to the generally mild temperature obtaining throughout the month, and butterflies were in great abundance during the entire collecting period. Florida weather at this time of the year is usually fine, with little rain, and this condition was experienced during the trip, there being but two showers at night and a light rain for about twenty minutes late one afternoon. There were no entirely cloudy days, so there was ample time for collecting every day during the entire trip. The butterflies principally sought for were the Hesperiidae, but specimens of other groups were collected to obtain the record of their occurrence at this time and those contained in the appended list were in all cases actually collected. The principal wild flowers at this time attractive to butterflies were thistle, blackberry, and a mint. The blackberry flowers were visited mostly by Hesperiidae, but were difficult to collect on be- cause the net became entangled and torn by the briars. The mint flowers were very attractive to many of the species of butterflies, and especially so to Papilio marcellus form floridensis Holland, to the Pieridae, and to most of the Hesperiidae; these flowers, how- ever, were past their prime by the middle of the month. The thistles, growing in more or less damp locations, attained an enormous size, in some cases over seven feet in height, and bloomed during the whole month. They furnished most excellent collect- ing, some species being taken on these flowers exclusively. Some butterflies rarely, or not at all, frequented the flowers, but were found resting on the vegetation; Neonympha phocion Fa- bricius was usually found resting on the ground, and Strymon cecrops Fabricius on leaves of the bushes; Heliconius charithonsa Linnaeus flying about through the forest; Prenes panoquin Scud- der on the grass back of the beach along the Gulf. Feb.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 25 One specimen of Megathymus cofaqui Strecker, a female, was taken in a pine forest. It was found in a small patch of dead weed stalks resting on one of the stalks about six inches from the ground facing upwards with its wings folded closely over its back, and was very inconspicuous in this position, the coloring of its undersurface blending very nicely with its surroundings, and it probably would not have been seen at all had it not been disturbed by my walking through the weeds and seen to alight on the stalk. There was no underbrush and very little green vegetation in this dry, sandy forest, it having been grazed over by herds of cattle, and large areas burned over by forest fires. There were no yucca species growing near the weed patch where the specimen was taken, and a systematic search of the territory for some distance revealed but three very small yucca plants which bore no trace of Megathymus workings, and though several more trips were made through this forest, no more specimens were seen. A few flown specimens of Calpodes ethlius Cramer were taken on the thistle flowers. They were very wary and difficult to cap- ture, usually darting away before one could approach near enough to catch them. Some species were just appearing when the trip ended and another week would have probably added to the list. A few larvae of Danaus archippus Fabricius, in different stages of development, were found feeding upon a milkweed. It may be that at some other points than those at which the collecting was done some of the species recorded in the accom- panying list as not common might have been found in greater abundance; for instance, in the immediate vicinity of Tampa no specimens of Neonympha phocion Fabricius were found, while at Gulfport it was quite common. Very few snakes were seen and those were harmless. There were several lizards, the pretty little chameleon Anolis carolinensts Cuvier being perhaps the commonest seen, infesting the thistles in quite some numbers and preying upon the insects frequenting the flowers. They were observed several times to capture and eat the common Hesperid, Polites brettus Boisduval. This list of 63 species and 1 form collected within the period 26 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII stated at the beginning of the article follows Barnes and McDun- nough’s check list in nomenclature: Papilio philenor Linnaeus, common. Papilio polyxenes asterius Cramer, common. Papilio cresphontes Cramer, common. Papilio glaucus Linnaeus, common. Papilio glaucus form 9 turnus Linnaeus, few. Papilio trotlus texanus Ehrman, common. Papilio palamedes Drury, common. Papilio marcellus form floridensis Holland, very common. Pieris monuste Linnaeus, common. Pieris rapae Linnaeus, 2 specimens. Nathalis tole Boisduval, common. Catopsilia eubule Linnaeus, common. Zerene caesoma Stoll, common. Eurema mcippe Cramer, common. Eurema euterpe Menetries, common. Eurema delia Cramer, not common. Danaus archippus Fabricius, few. Danaus berenice Cramer, common. Neonympha phocion Fabricius, common locally. Cissia sosybius Fabricius, very common. Heliconius charithonia Linnaeus, 2 specimens. Dione vanillae Linnaeus, common. Phyciodes phaon Edwards, common. Phyciodes tharos Drury, common. Vanessa atlanta Linnaeus, I specimen. Vanessa virgimensts Drury, common. Junonia coena Huebner, common. Basilarchia astyanax Fabricius, I specimen. Basilarchia archippus floridensis Strecker, common. Calephalis virgintensis Gray, common. Strymon cecrops Fabricius, common. Sirymon melinus Huebner, common. Brephidium isophthalma Herrick-Schaeffer, I specimen. Hemuargus hanno Stoll, 1 specimen. Gonwurus proteus Linnaeus, common. Epagyreus tstyrus Fabricius, common. Coccetus pylades Scudder, common. Thorybes daunus Cramer, not common. Thanaos brizo somnus Lintner, common. Thanaos juvenalis Fabricius, common. Thanaos horatius Scudder & Burgess, common. = : Feb., 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 27 Thanaos terentius Scudder & Burgess, common. Ancyloxypha numitor Fabricius, not common, Pamphila attalus seminole Scudder, common. Aylephila phylaeus Drury, very common. Polites cernes Boisduval & Leconte, common. Polites baracoa Lucas, common. Polites brettus Boisduval, very common. Atalopedes campestris Boisduval, very common. Catia otho Abbot & Smith, not common. Atrytone logan Edwards, not common, Atrytone arogos Boisduval & Leconte, not common. Euphyes arpa Boisduval & Leconte, common. Euphyes palatka Edwards, 3 specimens. Atrytonopsis loamms Whitney, common. Amblyscirtes vialis Edwards, common. Megistias fusca Grote & Robinson, common. Lerema accius Abbot & Smith, common. Lerodea eufala Edwards, common. Lerodea maculata Edwards, very common. Calpodes ethlius Cramer, 3 specimens. Prenes panoquin Scudder, locally common. Prenes ocola Edwards, not common. Megathymus cofaqui Strecker, I specimen. Lepidocricus herricki Pierce—In 1921 a single specimen of this otiorhynchid beetle was taken at Cincinnati, Ohio. In May, 1922, they suddenly appeared in great numbers. Their greatest abundance was on May 24. By June 21 not one could be found. They were swept from “horse weeds,” Ambrosia trifida, growing along the edge of an old channel of the Little Miami River. Pierce’s types were from Mississippi, where it is reported as at- tacking cotton. The generic description given in Rhynchophora of North America by Leng & Blatchley, p. 126, is misleading where it says “ Beak separated from head by a deep constriction,” leaving out the word “beneath” of Pierce’s original description, Jour. Econ. Entomol., Vol. 3, p. 362. Through the courtesy of Drs. Howard and Chittenden the Cincinnati specimens were com- pared with the types in the National Museum, where specimens were deposited —Cuar_es Dury, Cincinnati, Ohio. 28 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII PHASIA (PHORANTHA) OCCIDENTIS WALKER,’ AN IN-— TERNAL PARASITE OF THE FALSE CHINCH BUG. By F. B. Minttrken? anv F. M. Wap ey, Scientific Assistants, United States Bureau of Entomology. This fly was first reared from the false chinch bug at Garden City, Kans., in 1913. Further work on it was done there in 1914, and at Wichita, Kans., in 1916. SYSTEMATIC POSITION AND HISTORY. The species has been reported from the following localities: Ft. McLeod, Canada; Maryland; southern Illinois; Georgia; Nueces, Texas; South Dakota; Cafion City, Colorado; Las Cruces, N. M.; Washington; southern California; Allende, Mexico. To -this list Garden City and Wichita, Kansas, may be added. Coquillet’s key? gives the following characters for distinguishing the species from others of the genus: “ Black, calypteres whitish, second and third segments of abdomen thinly whitish pollinose, frontal vitta of female at the narrowest point less than one-third as wide as the distance between the posterior ocelli; length 2.5 to 5 mm.” OTHER STAGES. The egg has not been observed. The larva is typical of the group, being a whitish, footless mag- got, with dark chitinous mouth-parts adapted for rasping. It is very active during its brief period of external dipterous puparium. The pupa is hard, brown, rather bullet-shaped, about 2.5 mm. long, and bears two short blunt spines at the posterior end. 1Order Diptera; family Tachinidae. 2 Resigned December 31, 1910. § Coquillet, D. W., “A Revision of the Tachinidae,’ U. S. Div. Ent. echt Bulley.1s072 Feb., 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29 LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS: THE LARVA, The larva of Phasia occidentis lives in the abdominal cavity of Nysius ertcae. The writers are not aware of its being parasitic on any other species.* Of the false chinch bugs the females are much more frequently parasitized than the males, only a few parasitized males having been found. Only one maggot is found in a host.. At Garden City, Kans., in 1914, many females confined for eggs were found to be parasitized. When nearly grown the maggot greatly distends the abdomen of the host, sometimes to such an extent that the ovipositor is thrust downward and the wings upward. In the earlier stages of parasitism infested females can not be distinguished from gravid females. In most cases the maggot emerges in from one to four days after the host was con- fined. Emergence always leaves the bug dead or dying, with a shrunken and empty abdomen. Some adult bugs, newly molted and still colorless, were confined on July 23, 1914. One female showed signs of parasitism by July 28 and died August 10. Dissection revealed an immature maggot. This female when taken had been mature not longer than 20 minutes, and there was no subsequent chance for infesta- tion. The development of the parasite in this case was slow; how- ever, females that were very much distended have gone for several days before yielding the maggot, and all females in the later stages of parasitism appear to have been mature for some time. These facts make it seem probable that infestation occurs in the later nymphal stages, or possibly at the time of the last molt, and that the combined egg and larval periods of the parasite require 15 to 18 days. THE PUPA. On emerging from the host the larva wriggles actively about seeking a place in which to pupate. Loose surface soil, tunnels 4 Since this was written Mr. Luginbill, in U. S. Dept. Agri. Bull. to16, has announced rearing this species from Blissus leucopterus Say, and mentions that Mr. D. Leonard reared it from Miris dolabratus L. 30 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII of earthworms, rubbish, and similar places offer the desired con- ditions. Transformation follows, usually within an hour after emergence. In summer temperatures the pupal period lasts from 5 to 7 days, averaging 6, but in the cooler weather of May and September it varies from 8 to 11 days. THE ADULT. The fly does not live long in confinement. One was kept alive for 7 days after emergence, but no others for longer than 3 days. They feed readily on sugar water. Copulation has been observed within a few hours after emer- gence. Repeated efforts to secure infestation of false chinch bugs by Phasia in the laboratory have failed. Later-stage nymphs, newly emerged, and older adults have been confined with adults of Phasia, but with no success. Infestation has never been observed in the field, though careful watch has been kept. From the known habits of other tachinids, it seems probable that the fly deposits an egg on the body of the host, and the larva on hatching bores its way in. The adults of Phasia have been found on various weeds and flowers in summer. LIFE CYCLE. From the above data, the life cycle in summer requires about 25 days, allowing for a pre-oviposition period. In this respect the life cycle of the parasite bears a close relation to that of its host. Its egg and larval stages should correspond to the pre-oviposition and oviposition periods of Nysius, as also to the later nymphal stages. The pupal and pre-oviposition periods of Phasia would then correspond to the egg and early nymphal stages of the host. SEASONAL HISTORY. The parasite is active almost as early in the spring as Nysius ericae, appearing in May, and continuing active in October. There must be a number of generations, the life cycle being short, with Nysius probably having several generations at Garden City. Pupae have been found at Garden City in November. From this it appears probable that Phasia hibernates in the pupal stage. Feb., 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 31 IMPORTANCE. This parasite kills a rather constant percentage of the females of Nysius ericae at Garden City. In 1914, of 220 confined for eggs, 17, or 7.7 per cent., were parasitized. Many other females were recognized as containing parasites and held for rearing them. The destruction of males by the parasite is negligible! Phasia is present, but scarce, at Wichita, Kans., only one parasite having been reared from the many false chinch bugs collected during the two years’ work there. Another factor to be considered is the effect of parasitism on the reproductive capacity of the host. Our data shows that with few exceptions parasitized females deposit no eggs. On the whole, Phasia occidentis is to be considered as one of the minor. checks on Nysius ericae. A NEW SPECIES OF LABOPIDEA ON GARLIC (HETEROP- TERA-MIRIDAE). By Harry H. Knicut, University of Minnesota, St. Paul. Labopidea allii new species. Smaller and more slender than sericata; head, pronotum, and scutellum more distinctly flattened, rostrum reaching only to middle of sternum. Female—Length 4 mm., width 1.28 mm. Head: width .go mm., vertex .58 mm. Rostrum: length .83 mm., scarcely reaching to middle of sternum. Antennae: segment I, length .36 mm., width .12 mm.; II, 1.14 mm., thickness .057 mm., cylindrical, pale yellowish, clothed with fuscous pubescence. Pronotum: length .51 mm., width at base 1.17 mm., anterior angles .78 mm. Greenish yellow, the hemelytra more nearly green but some- what translucent ; clothed with rather prominent, suberect pale pubescence, head and pronotum with more closely appressed silvery sericeous tomentum. Membrane pale,. tinged with fumate, veins becoming green. Apex of rostrum and tips of tarsi fuscous. Holotype: 2 April 19, 1921, Jackson, Missouri (A. C. Burrill) ; author’s collection. Nymphs and adults were taken on wild garlic where the species was found breeding in considerable numbers. 32 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII A NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BECKERINA (PHORIDAE, DIPTERA). By J. R. MAttocu. The genus Beckerina Malloch contains but two described North American species, luteola Malloch and orphnephiloides Malloch. I herewith add another species and present a key to the species known tome. The genus I have defined in my paper on the family injthe Proc: U. SiN. Mi tasroi2: Beckerina spp. 1. Yellow species; thorax with 3 reddish vittae; scutellum with 2) DrStles tc. Pee eee flaveola Malloch. — Black species; thorax entirely black; scutellum with 4 bristles! ic 0S Ba. Se ROS, MAYEN, GRA oe 2. 2. Large species, 5 mm. in length; costa ending at about one third from apex of wing; halteres yellow. orphnephiloides Malloch. — Smaller species, averaging 2.5 mm. in length; costa to middle of wing or slightly beyond it. 34254552 aoe ce 3. Halteres yellow; scutellum with the median pair of bristles much weaker than the outer pair........ similata sp. n. — Halteres black; scutellum with 4 subequal bristles. umbrimargo Becker. — Halteres fuscous; scutellum with 4 equal bristles. neotropica Brues. Beckerina similata sp. n. Female.—Black, slightly shining. Antennae and palpi brownish yellow. Apices of abdominal tergites narrowly clay colored. Legs brownish yellow, the front pair paler. Wings clear. Halteres with yellow knobs. Frontal bristles very stout, preocellar series straight, anterior series slightly curved forward; postantennal pair of bristles not very long, some of -the adjacent setulae nearly as conspicuous; third antennal seg- ment round, arista longer than width of frons, microscopically pubescent; palpi of moderate size, with short stout bristles below. Thorax as in other species. Legs not as stout as in umbrimargo. Costa to wing middle, setulae rather close, not over twice as long as width of costa, first costal division a little longer than 2-+ 3, third fully half as long as second. Length, 2 mm. Type, Glen Echo, Md., May 14, 1922 (J. R. Malloch). Feb., 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 33 This species is evidently very closely related to neotropica Brues, but the latter has the third antennal segment and knobs of halteres fuscous, and the abdominal tergites largely yellow, the apices only being black. The third section of costa is also shorter in neo- tropica. A NEW FORM OF CATOCALA GRACILIS EDWARDS. By T. D. MayFie_p, Newark, N. J. Catocala gracilis aberr. lemmeri n. aberr. A very strikingly marked aberration of C. gracilis eee dif- fers from the normal form in having the scales of the thorax and patagia solidly blackish, the dark suffusion along inner margin of primaries broad and extremely dark, obscuring the transverse lines, median space from base to outer margin filled with very light scales nearly reaching costa at base. Secondaries and underside as in normal form. Described from one ¢' and four 9 9 taken at Lakehurst, N. J., from July 6 to 21. Holotype ¢, allotype, and paratype in collection of the author. Paratypes in collection of Otto Buchholz and Frederick Lemmer. The North American Species of the Chloropid Genus Cetema (Diptera).—Becker in his paper on the Nearctic Chloropidae in 1912 listed two species of this genus from the United States, one, hypocera, being described as new. This last species is a synonym of subvittata Loew, described strangely enough as an Oscints. Though Becker redescribed this species in the genus Oscinis, he did not detect the fact that it was the same species as he described in Cetema. The other species is procera Loew. I have taken both species at Glen Echo, Md.—J. R. Mattocu, Washington, Det, A Hymenopterous Parasite of Epargyreus tityrus Fabricius.— From a pupa among a number obtained from larvae collected at Flushing, New York, during September and October there emerged on April 23 following a specimen of Amblyteles duplicatus Say. In emerging the parasite completely severed the head of the pupa.— FE. L. Bett, Flushing, N. Y. 34 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII EDITORIAL. To Authors. Changed conditions of printing call for changed practices in our publication. It will no longer be possible to accept for publication papers with extensive tabulated statistics, unless the authors consent to pay the added cost of this form of composition. The expense of setting up tabular matter is extremely high, and we feel that though it may be necessary in certain forms of work, it crowds out more widely interesting matter, and perhaps belongs more properly in a publication for specialists. The number of free reprints for papers three fourths of a page or less in length will be limited to 10 only, in loose sheets without change in form or the usual credit line. If reprints are desired, they must be ordered at the time the paper is submitted, and they will be charged at the regular rates for all over Io. The usual 25 free reprints will be allowed authors, as has been our established practice. 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We therefore ask subscribers to see that their subscriptions reach us before we correct the mailing list for the April number. a Se - Feb.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 35 BOOK REVIEW. Entomology with Special Reference to Its Ecological Aspects, by Justus Watson Folsom, Sc.D. Third revised edition with five plates and 308 text figures, pp. i-vii+ 1-502 (P. Blakiston’s Son & Co., Philadelphia, $4.00). The third edition of this excellent work presents in extremely readable form the biological as distinguished from the exclusively taxonomical side of insects. We know of no other work in Eng- lish that fills quite the same place. In this edition it has been much revised and brought measurably to date. It differs from the first (1906) edition in the omission of the chapter on Origin and Adaptation of Insects, and the addition of two chapters (Chaps. IX and XIII), on Transmission of Disease by Insects and Insect Ecology, respectively. Much of Chapter XIII is directly quoted from Shelford’s “ Animal Communities” and other writings. In fact, Dr. Folsom distinctly sets forth his great appreciation of Shelford’s ecological work. Those that possess the first edition of this splendid work should also have the third, which makes many changes and is practically a new work. Those entomologists by profession or avocation whose libraries lack this work should fill the deficiency now. The bibliography alone lists a large number of additions showing the work done since the first edition; and the progress of ecology in the last 15 years has materially changed many earlier ideas on succession of species, distribution, and occurrence. It is always possible to point out things that could be corrected or improved upon, but only one general comment is here made. In so extensive a work as this it is impossible for any one man to keep abreast of all the scientific writings of the day, whatever their importance. It would seem an added assurance of accuracy were the MS. for another edition to enjoy the scrutiny of group spe- cialists to insure the omission of any debatable statements, or of those rendered obsolete by recently published (or even unpub- lished) special research. Entomologists have one excellent trait— they are ever ready to help one another. The book itself has an excellent letter-press; typographical er- rors, if any, are few and not material; the binding, however, in common with current binding work, seems not strong enough to stand heavy wear; and the paper is thinner, so that the book, al- though it has about 50 pages more than the first edition, is about one third less thick.—J. R. T. B. Vol. XVII . Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety. No. 4. EXCHANGES. This one page is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of articles for sale. Notices not exceeding THREE lines free to subscribers. 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R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor DR. J. BEQUAERT GEO. P. ENGELHARD1 Published by the Society Price, 35 cents Subscription, $1.50 per yea: Mailed May 23, 1923 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1919, at the postoffice at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1923 Honorary President CHARLES W. LENG President Treasurer W. T. DAVIS G. P. ENGELHARDT Vice-President Central Museum J. R. p—E ta TORRE-BUENO EASTERN PARKWAY Recording Secretary Librarian J. BEQUAERT ELMER McDEVITT Corresponding Secretary Curator HOWARD NOTMAN A. C. WEEKS Honorary Curator GEORGE FRANCK Weleaeie to Council of New York Academy of Sciences HOWARD NOTMAN CONTENTS NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA FROM CALIFORNIA, Var Dyke: Geis a Wa Pe eT Oe a ea 37 NEW SPECIES OF TENTHREDINIDAE FROM THE EAST AND) MIDDEE™ Wisi, MacGillivray. «4-6 eee ee ee sae 53 ANOTHER REMINISCENCE OF JFARLY DAYS, Bathers. eee 56 NOTICE INDEX PORGVOL2S XVID as eee). oa eae ee eee 57 THE LARVAL (STAGES: OF LEMNOBPHORA’ DISCREWAr Whale chair he BRU et ee, Sete aL eae e eMRE NC LO Aon 58 ORTHOCEPHALUS MUTABILUS. Stearsaceen- cesses eee 62 IT TECAWVOIR: EUATE TiGAKes NVIOOdS cuisine ole eiarctcrhcuegclene ore eieaeee eee eee 63 OBSERVATIONS ONG HE) OCHTERIDAE,: Takahashi. 350s 67 PROCEEDINGS VOB I2HE zSOCIET Yoo). 10 50s Wa eee 69 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year : Subscription price, domestic, $1.50 per year; foreign, $1.75 in advance; | single copies 35 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Au- thors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, tr North Broadway, White Plains, N. Y. BW TEN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XVIII APRIL, 1923 No. 2 NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA FROM CALIFORNIA‘ By Epwin C. Van Dyke, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. The Coleoptera dealt with in this paper are some of the unde- scribed species which have been recently secured. FAMILY RHIPICERIDAE. Sandalus cribricollis n. sp. Black with rufous elytra, the apices blackish, subopaque. Head very closely, deeply, cribrately, and moderately coarsely punctured and clothed with long coarse grayish-brown hair. Prothorax slightly less than three-fourths as long as broad, anterior margin straight and three-fourths breadth of base, sides arcuate and gradually convergent anteriorly, hind angles blunt, the disc with evident median longitudinal sulcus and very coarsely, deeply, and cribrately punctured with finer punc- tures intermixed and pubescent like the head. Scutellum de- pressed anteriorly and closely, rather finely punctured. Elytra very coarsely, deeply punctured, the punctures more or less arranged in rows and forming a very definite reticulation, and with several vague longitudinal carinae. The tarsi rather slender, the joints feebly emarginate, and the lamellae small and inconspicuous. Length 19 mm., breadth 6 mm. This species, though superficially looking like one of the bicol- ored phases of S. niger Koch., belongs nearer S. californicus Lec. because of the narrow tarsi, but it can be readily separated from this, as well as from all our other species, by the very coarsely and cribrately punctured head and prothorax. 1 This paper is the sixth of a series of short papers dealing with the Coleoptera of this country to be published by me in this journal. The last one appeared in 1920. Oo” Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. XVIII Type, a unique male in my collection, captured near Loyalton, Sierra Co., California, September, 1918, by Mr. E. Ralph de Ong, who very kindly presented it to me. FAMILY BUPRESTIDAE. Chrysobothris bacchari n. sp. Size and form of C. mali Horn, subdepressed, upper surface brassy, beneath more cupreous, antennae and margin of cly- peus somewhat greenish. Head with front slightly convex, with two vague callosities between the eyes and a distinct Y- shaped smooth area on vertex; clypeus emarginate, the mar- gins evenly arcuate; the antennae gradually narrowed toward tip, third joint almost as long as the next two, subcylindrical and but little dilated externally, the fourth distinctly longer than broad, the fifth just perceptibly so, the following trans- verse. Prothorax twice as wide as long, sides straight and almost parallel at middle, oblique and convergent anteriorly and posteriorly ; disc moderately convex, sparsely and finely punctured, with a shallow though well defined median longi- tudinal sulcus, its boundaries slightly elevated and transversely strigose, the sides anteriorly rather deeply longitudinally im- pressed. Elytra with humeri rounded, the sides obliquely convergent in front of the same, almost parallel at middle and slightly arcuate and convergent to posterior angles which are separately rounded, the apical margin finely serrulate; disc with four costae on each elytron, a sutural vague in front but sharply defined at middle and behind and gradually curving away from suture posteriorly, a median broken up into three portions by two shallow foveae, the basal part short and irreg- ular, the second distinct and straight occupying the middle one- third of elytra, and apical also distinct but slightly curved, more distant from the suture, and not reaching apex of elytra, a distinct humeral costa extending from near the long humeral umbone and obliquely curving inwards to beyond the middle of the elytra where it ends at a large fovea and a submarginal which is less clearly defined and runs along the sides from near the umbone to close to the apex of the median costa, the de- pressions rather finely and sparsely punctured inwardly and more closely punctured and scabrous outwardly. Body be- neath rather coarsely, closely punctured anteriorly, the ab- domen more finely punctured and strigose; prosternum lobed at middle in front and finely sparsely pilose, last ventral with margin serrulate. Anterior femora with a broad obtuse tooth, serrulate on outer margin. Length 9 mm., breadth 4 mm. April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 39 ¢. Front of head with punctuation sparse and fine in the center, coarser on margins and densely clothed with suberect white pile; anterior tibiae abruptly dilated at apex, the dilata- tion rounded inwardly and emarginate before apex; last ven- tral segment deeply semicircularly emarginate at apex, the last dorsal coarsely punctate and notched at apex. 2. Front of head with punctuation moderately coarse and regularly distributed and but sparsely pilose; anterior tibiae moderately arcuate, gradually wider to tip; last ventral seg- ment with shallow semicircular notch at apex, last dorsal coarsly punctate and blunt at apex. For a number of years this species has been known to a number of us, and though always associated with C. mali Horn, to which it is undoubtedly related, was felt to be distinct. We, however, did not have sufficient material nor field data to warrant us in separat- ing it until recently, when, through the efforts of Mr. H. E. Burke, a large enough series of specimens was secured to enable us to definitely fix its status. It is of a uniform brassy color like C. texana Lec., whereas mali is generally of a deep purplish bronze color with the front greenish and sides of prothorax, elytral foveae and apices cupreous; the head is more convex, the clypeus less deeply and acutely emarginate, and the front less coarsely and closely punctured; the median prothoracic sulcus is well defined, whereas it is shallow and poorly defined in the other; and the elytral costae are distinctly elevated and defined in contrast to those of the other, where the general surface is also very coarsely, evenly, and closely punctured. In the male of bacchari the prosternum is sparsely clothed with pile as in the female, while in mali it is clothed with long white pile, and the dilated apex of the anterior tibiae is evenly enlarged, while in mali it is not only less developed, but has the anterior portion notched. A series of twenty specimens has been seen and from the follow- ing localities: Fairfax, Marin County, June 24, 1908; Los Gatos, June 27, 1918, and July 7, 1917; Laurel, May and June, 1917, all in California; and Sabino Canyon, Arizona, September, 1917. The Fairfax specimen was collected by myself, the other California specimens collected or reared by Mr. H. E. Burke and Mr. F. B. Herbert, and the Arizona specimens by Mr. Geo. Hofer. The California specimens submitted by Mr. Burke were all bred from Baccharis pilularis D.C., the “ Chaparral Broom” a very common and worthless shrub of the family Compositae, and the Arizona 40 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. XVIII material from a closely related species, Baccharis sergiloides. There is some variation as to size, the Arizona specimens being uniformly larger, the largest 12 mm. in length, and with a tendency to have the head somewhat cupreous. The sculpturing also varies to a minor degree, particularly as to the length or interruptions of the median and humeral elytral costae. Type male and allotype female, in my collection, from Los Gatos, California, June 27, 1918, reared by Mr. H. E. Burke from Bac- charis pilularis D.C. Several designated paratypes are in the col- lection of Mr. Burke and myself. Chrysobothris lineatipenms Van Dyke. This insect, I now believe should rank as a distinct species, not as a variety of C. mals Horn. Within recent years a very large series of the latter has been taken and from many localities. The specimens show a great degree of constancy of structure. Even - those from Southern California are like the more northern speci- mens and not like lineatipennis. Mr. Burke fully agrees with me in this matter. Agrilus sierrae n. sp. Moderately robust, a dull brassy bronze, very finely sparsely pilose without pubescent spots either above or beneath but with pro- and mesosternum densely clothed with erect, white pile. Head, from above, concave, a moderately deep impres- sion from the occiput to the clypeus, rather roughly granulate- strigose, sparsely pubescent; clypeus broadly emarginate ante- riorly and with rounded lobes laterally ; antennae piceous, ser- rate from the fifth joint, reaching the middle of the prothorax. Prothorax very little wider than long, slightly narrowed poste- riorly ; sides feebly arcuate in front, oblique and barely sinuate to hind angles, which are rectangular and with a straight, well- defined carina; the lateral margin sinuate and suddenly de- pressed anteriorly, forming a very acute angle with the ante- rior margin; the disc convex, with a vague median longitudinal impression, lateral oblique impression distinct, surface closely transversely strigose; anterior margin distinctly lobed at mid- dle. Scutellum transversely carinate. Elytra feebly sinuate at sides and only slightly broader posteriorly, apices rounded and very finely serrulate; the disc slightly flattened, with a vague channel each side of suture, basal foveae feeble, surface moderately closely but not roughly imbricate and without pubescent spots. Body beneath more shining than above, April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 4] moderately coarsely closely punctured in front and finely sparsely over abdomen, the prothoracic submarginal line sinu- ate; pygidium sparsely punctate, not carinate; claws broadly toothed. Length 6 mm., breadth 2 mm. dg. Front of head with longitudinal depression only, pro- sternal pile long, dense, and erect, the first two ventral seg- ments feebly impressed along the median line. 2. Front with crescentic, transverse impression in addition to median, the prosternal pile less long and more depressed, the ventral segments not impressed. This species belongs next to Agrilus addendus Crotch, in all probability is an offshoot from the same stock, looking very much like the phase of that species which lacks the pubescent spots. It is distinct, though, and in several particulars, for instance, in hav- ing the front of the head much less convex, the clypeal emargina- tion shallow and broadly rounding off at the sides in contrast to one with more or less angular boundaries, the prothorax with its anterior margin less lobed, the lateral margin more sinuate and meeting the anterior margin at a more acute angle, the prosternum quite pilose in both sexes, and the apices of the elytra with very much more minute serrulations. Type male, allotype female, and one paratype in my collection, captured in Mariposa County, California, June 12, 1914, by Mr. F, W. Nunenmacher. FaMILy PTINIDAE. Hedobia semivittata n. sp. Oblong, elongate, black with rufous areas beneath the pilose patches on the elytra, and clothed with short recumbent cinere- ous hair which is uniformly distributed over the head, legs and under side of body, covers the sides of prothorax and forms a distinctive design on the elytra. Head rather coarsely granu- lose, without median smooth line, front more than twice as wide as vertical diameter of eyes; eyes but moderately promi- nent; antennae reaching middle of elytra, third joint slightly longer than fourth, the tenth twice as long as wide. Pro- thorax about as wide as long, slightly constricted behind apex, sides evenly arcuate posteriorly, base broader than apex, disc distinctly elevated at middle and compressed posteriorly form- ing a market crest that is truncate at apex and sparsely clothed with short brown hair, surface rather coarsely, somewhat closely punctured. Scutellum elongate, rather suddenly nar- rowed posteriorly (evidently longer and narrower than in 42 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII granosa) and densely clothed with white pile. Elytra not quite twice as wide as prothorax, fully twice as long as wide, sides parallel, surface confusedly granulate punctate, with rows of hardly evident tubercles, and with the cinereous pile arranged on the disc as follows: as an illy defined sutural vitta extending to declivity, three well-defined but interrupted vittae without this, also extending to the declivity, and in a broad band at the sides, the apex black and partly denuded, partly clothed with black or brown hair except at margin where the white hair is again evident; the margin finely serrulate poste- riorly. Beneath moderately, closely, coarsely punctured, fifth ventral truncate-emarginate at apex and with triangular im- pression in front of it. Tibiae granulate along outer margin, first tarsal joint of middle and hind legs as long as following four united. Length 6 mm., breadth 2.75 mm. This species is readily separated from our two other species by being generally longer and by having a different type of orna- mentation, a vittate arrangement of the elytral pubescence as con- trasted with the balteate, found in the others. It is interesting to. note that the three American species of Hedobia are Californian, the remainder mainly Holarctic, a peculiarity of distribution shared by many of our genera such as Brychius, Dascillus, the typical Rosalia, and so forth. In this connection, I also wish to report that the larvae of Hedobia granosa Lec., which breed very commonly in old live oak twigs in the San Francisco Bay region, spin a loose cocoon, very similar in appearance to those made by the weevils, Hypera and Phytonomus. . Type, a unique in my collection, beaten.by myself from black oak, Quercus kelloggii Newb., in the Yosemite Valley, California, May 26, 1921. Ernobius caudatus n. sp. Moderately robust, elongate, rufo-piceous, the prothorax and suture at apex lighter, uniformly clothed with rather short, sparsely placed, and recumbent grayish-yellow pubescence. Head granulate-punctate ; eyes prominent in male, hemispheri- cal, less prominent in female; width of front in male twice vertical diameter of eyes, greater in female; antennae eleven jointed, two-thirds length of body in male, shorter in female, joints 3, 4, 6, and 8 nearly equal, 5 and 7 a little longer, 6 to 8 more than twice as long as wide, 9 slightly shorter than three preceding united. Prothorax as wide as elytra, about a third wider than long, sides moderately arcuate and strongly mar- April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomologtcal Soctety 43 gined, front angles rounded, surface densely granulate-punc- tate; disc with small crista at middle near base, and depres- sions on either side midway between it and sides. Elytra about twice as long as broad, the apices distinctly produced at suture and subacute, less prominent in females, punctuation similar to that of pronotum. Beneath rather coarsely, closely punctured in front, finely and sparsely over abdomen. Length 4 mm., breadth 1.5 mm. Type male and allotype female in my collection, beaten by myself from Sargent’s Cypress, Cupressus sargenti Jepson, on Cypress Ridge, Marin County, April 2, 1922. I have also twelve other specimens taken at the same place, at various times during the months of April and May. This species belongs in the group with mollis Linn., socialis Fall, punctulatus Lec., cupressi Van Dyke, and the recently de- scribed conicola Fisher,” as defined by Fall,* but differs from them, as well as from all other species with which I am acquainted, by having the elytra definitely produced at the apical suture into sub- acute dentations. In addition, it differs from socialis by being distinctly smaller and more piceous; from punctulatus by color, shorter pile, and by the joints 6-8 of the antennae each being dis- tinctly twice as long as broad; and from cupressi by being much smaller and by having the ninth antennal joint only slightly shorter than the three preceding, it being shorter than the two preceding in the latter. It is the third California species to be described as from our species of cypress, cupressi Van Dyke* and conicola Fisher being the others. As regards conicola Fisher, I am in- clined to believe that it is synonymous with my cupresst. FAMILY BosTRICHIDAE. Polycaon granulatus n. sp. Elongate, subcylindrical, opaque, black except last three 2“ Rive New Species of Ptinid Beetles,’ by W. S. Fisher, No. 2271 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu., Vol. 55 (1919), pp. 296-297. 3“ Revision of the Ptinidae of Boreal America,” by H. C. Fall, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XX XI (1905), p. 140. 4“ Some New Beetles in the Families Cantharidae (Lampyridae) Ptinidae, and Scarabaeidae, from Western North America, with Notes Upon Others,” by Edwin C. Van Dyke, Butt. BrooKtyn Ent. Soc., Vol. XIII (1918), pp. 6-7. ; 44 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. XVIII joints of antennae and tarsal claws which are castaneous, and lateral margins of elytra which are indistinctly rufescent, clothed above with a short, black prostrate pile interspersed — with a scattering of longer erect hairs, and beneath with a cinereous and finer prostrate pubescence. Head including the eyes broader than prothorax, front convex and granular, the clypeal margin broadly and shallowly emarginate; eyes very convex, each a complete hemisphere and together over one- half breadth of head between them; antennae ten-jointed, the last three enlarged, forming an open club which is longer than the rest of the antennae. Prothorax slightly broader than long, sides broadly rounded anteriorly, subsinuate posteriorly ; disc convex, granular, median longitudinal line slightly 1m- pressed, the anterior transverse impression shallow; the pro- pleurae perceptibly convex. Elytra slightly more than four times as long as prothorax and two-thirds broader, quite con- vex and decidedly granulose, without carinae or tubercles, the apices of each elytron in male incised and bidentate, in female simple. Front tibiae moderately robust, serrate externally, straight and without basal internal excavation. Second and third tarsal joints securiform. Male, length 10 mm., breadth 3.5 mm.; female, length 8 mm., breadth 2.5 mm. This species superficially resembles a small female of Polycaon stoutis Lec., and was in fact taken to be a very small phase of the same for some time. It differs, however, from that species in having the antennae ten-jointed instead of eleven, the eyes more convex and prominent, the clypeus not depressed anteriorly, the body above more definitely granulose than even the most roughened female of the other, and the males with the apices of the elytra incised and bidentate, whereas in the other they are simple in both sexes. P. stout Lec. is also generally much larger and more robust, the smallest specimen that I have seen of this being 11 mm. in length. P. granulatus agrees with P. megalops Fall as regards the antennae, eyes, and color, but differs in being granulose over the entire upper surface, not with the elytra shining and punctate, and in having the front tibiae straight, not bowed, and incised at base. Lesne, the latest authority to review the Bostrichidae, recognized two genera instead of the single genus Polycaon. Polycaon Cast. he defines® as having the body depressed, the anterior tibiae not 5Lesne, P., “ Révision des Coléoptéres de la famille des Bos- trichides.” Anns. Soc. Ent. France, Vol. LXV (1896), p. 115. —— April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 45 excavated and bowed at base, the second and third tarsal joints not greatly enlarged apically, the propleurae convex, the elytra simple at apex and without carinae and tubercles. But two of our species, P. stoutw Lec. from California and Arizona and P. punctatus Lec. from Lower California, would be included. All of our other spe- cies would go into the resurrected genus Heterarthron Guer., char- acterized by having the body cylindrical, the anterior tibiae very robust, excavated and bent at the base, the third tarsal joints securi- form, the propleurae flat or concave, the elytra often incised at the apex and bidentate or with carinae and tubercles on the declivity. P. granulatus agrees with Polycaon in having the anterior tibiae not excavated and bowed at base, the propleurae convex, and the elytra without carinae and tubercles on the declivity, and with Heterarthron in having the body cylindrical, the second and third tarsal joints securiform, and the elytra in the male incised and bidentate at the apex. It would thus link up the two; in other words, make unwise the retention of Heterarthron as a genus. Type male and allotype female, collected September 19, 1916, and March 8, 1916, and two male paratypes, collected September 3 and September 9, 1916, in my collection. They were captured at Carmel, Monterey County, California, by Mr. L. S. Slevin and kindly presented to me. Dinoderus pubicollis n. sp. Cylindrical, moderately short, somewhat shining, piceous, antennae rufous and tarsi rufo-castaneous. Head with long fulvous hairs about mouth-parts and on basal joints of anten- nae, regularly rather closely and deeply punctate and strigose posteriorly; the antennae eleven-jointed, the first joint large, the second almost spherical and narrower and about one-half length of first, the first and second joints of club transverse, the last about as long as broad. Prothorax as broad as long, the anterior half with six concentric rows of sharp rasplike teeth, the individual teeth more or less united and more promi- nent in front, the area between the rows rather finely, closely and ocellately punctate and pilose, the hair fulvous and semi- erect, the posterior half distinctly and moderately, closely punctate with ocellate punctures, the punctures somewhat larger than in front and slightly asperate on disk, the sides with long fulvous hair, the lateral margin distinct and just reaching the end of the anterior row of rasps, the hind angles well rounded. Elytra slightly less than twice as long as pro- thorax and not quite twice as long as wide; coarsely, mod- 46 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII erately densely, regularly and ocellately punctured, the punc- tures larger than on pronotum and with slight tendency to form in rows near suture; the surface sparsely clothed with short erect fulvous setae, more numerous on declivity, the suture slightly elevated on declivity and with faint sulci on either side; the lateral margin at first obliquely curving away from the base, then horizontal at middle and again gradually and obliquely curved downwards to the apex. Beneath rather finely, sparsely punctate anteriorly, more finely and closely on the abdomen, subopaque, and pilose. Length 4 mm., breadth 1.5 mm. The species differs from D. brevis Horn, the only other species from this country in the genus as it is now restricted by Lesne,® by being considerably larger, proportionally longer, with eleven- jointed antennae instead of ten, by having the lateral margin of the prothorax reaching the first row of rasps, the prothorax more distinctly pilose anteriorly and laterally, and by having the lateral margin of the elytra obliquely retreating from the base and forming an angle where it meets it, the sides of the elytra near the base therefore much narrower. Its only close relative is apparently D. nitidus Lesne, from the Marquis Is., a species which possesses also eleven-jointed antennae and has ,the lateral thoracic margin reaching the anterior rasps. It, howger, differs from this by pos- sessing an aural pilosity, ocellate pynctures on both head and pro- thorax, and a distinct pubescence of the sides of the prothorax. It can not be the unrecognized D. ocellaris Steph. either, for the elytral punctures are not “disposed in striae’’ and the antennae piceous. Type and nine paratypes in my collection, all collected by myself at Los Angeles, California. They were secured many years ago and, as I remember it, dug out of some mesquite cord wood stored in our cellar for fire wood. Just where the wood was cut, I could not say. FAMILY CLERIDAE Thanasimus undatulus Say (not undulatus Say). Upon examining my series of this species and its associates, I have come to the conclusion that it ranges throughout a greater ®Lesne, P., “ Révision de la famille des Bostrichides, 2e Mé- moire, Dinoderinae,” Anns. Soc. Entom. France, Vol. LXVI (1897,),/p: 310: April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 47 area than we formerly believed, and that it includes among its races, or subspecies, T. monticolae Wolcott and T. rubriventris Lec., as well as those usually given. Intermediate specimens show very distinctly that T. monticolae Wolcott grades into T. undatulus Say on one side and into T. rubriventrts Lec. on the other. I would list them as follows: T. undatulus Say, found from Alaska to eastern British Columbia and the Lake Superior Region. T. undatulus var. nubtlus Klug, found from Alaska to the Lake Superior Region. T. undatulus var. melanocephalus Chev., found in Nova Scotia and New Hampshire. T. undatulus var. monticola Wolcott, found throughout Western British Columbia and Washington and along the high Cascades and Sierra Nevada to Mt. Whitney. T. undatulus var. rubriventris Lec., found from the north- ern California line down the coast as far as Mon- terey. The species in all its varieties is mainly to be found on the true firs, Abies; true spruces, Picea; Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga; and possibly the hemlock, Tsuga. It is rarely found about the pines. Phyllobaenus californicus n. sp. Slender, parallel; black, posterior portion of first and inter- mediate antennal joints, basal areas of tibiae, and first tarsal joint of hind legs, somewhat rufous ; moderately shining, with sparse, erect hairs and a silken white pubescence forming an indistinct design on the elytra. Head moderately, coarsely, densely, and shallowly punctured, eyes large but less projecting than in P. dislocatus Say and with a very deep triangular ex- cavation on inner side (much larger and deeper than in dis- Jocatus) that is clothed with white hair. Prothorax slightly broader than long, sides obtusely subangulate behind the mid- dle, disc flattened, with two inconspicuous tubercles anteriorly, and similarly punctured to the head. Elytra as broad at base as prothorax, slightly wider posteriorly; disc somewhat flat- tened, with a semicircular depression at basal third, extending backwards from within the umbones, and two slightly oblique lateral depressions, one at the middle, the other posteriorly, an indistinct ridge bounding the median depression within, sur- face coarsely, deeply, and closely punctured, the punctures more or less regularly arranged in rows, the white pubescence AS Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII chiefly evident along the suture, in the semicircular depression, on the oblique ridge between the median and posterior impres- sion, and apically. Anterior tibiae acutely and irregularly serrulate on outer side. Body beneath sparsely and finely punctured, and sparsely hairy. Length 6.5 mm., breadth 2.5 mm. This species is no doubt quite closely related to P. merkeli Horn, but it differs from that in lacking a yellow spot on the elytra, in having no distinct costa, and by the elytral punctures being fairly regularly arranged. This species, like merkelt, is quite unlike dis- locatus, and, as stated by Dr. Horn, is strongly suggestive of the Mexican Epiphloeus setulosus Thoms. The genus Epiphloeus has, however, eleven joints to the antennae, whereas Phyllobaenus has but ten. Type, a unique in my collection, captured in Yosemite Valley, California, May 18, 1921, by Miss Alice Riedy and by her kindly presented to me. FAMILY CERAMBYCIDAE. Semanotus cupressi n. sp. Rufous, antennae, base of femora, tibia, and tarsi black, with much of the meso- and metasternal area darkened, and the elytra a deep blue; sparsely clothed with long erect hair. Head sparsely and finely punctured in front, closely and coarser behind; antennae at least two joints longer than body, all joints long and quite cylindrical, first joint large and coarsely, sparsely punctured, second joint twice as long as broad, third considerably longer than fourth, fourth slightly shorter than fifth, the last palpal joint dilated and almost squarely truncate at apex; eyes deeply emarginate. Prothorax slightly broader than long, with sides evenly rounded, slightly constricted at apex and oblique and vaguely sinuate towards base, the disc with median and two later somewhat semicircu- lar callosities on basal half, elsewhere sparsely punctured, somewhat rugose at sides. ‘The elytra slightly broader at base than prothorax, almost three times as long as broad, the sides straight and slightly tapering backwards, the apices conjointly rounded ; the disc very coarsely, closely, irregularly, and crib- rately punctured, a few very short and inconspicuous hairs clothing the surface in addition to the long ones. The pro- sternum distinctly separating the front coxae though neither broad nor triangular. The femora very decidedly clavate, the shanks narrow and long. Length 9 mm., breadth 2.5 mm. April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 49 In the female, the antennae reach but three-fourths the length of the body, the prothoracic callosities are less marked than in the male and the punctures finer and closer, the posternal process broader, and the legs uniformly rufous or with the tibia and tarsi somewhat dusky. Type male and allotype female, in my collection, collected by myself from dying twigs of Sargent’s Cypress, Cupressus sargentt Jepson, on Cypress Ridge, Marin County, California, April 6, 1921. I have also designated several other specimens as paratypes, one of which is to go to the U. S. National Museum, one to the California Academy of Sciences, and several to remain in my own and Mr. J. O. Martin Collections. A series of forty-three speci- mens has been examined, all taken at the same locality and on various dates in April and May. The species varies somewhat in size, the smallest seen being under 5 mm. in length and the largest fully 12mm. It is avery attractive insect and in color and general appearance looks much like several of our species of Phymatodes, as P. amoenus Say and P. blandus Lec. The genus Semanotus of Mulsant was established for certain relatives of Hylotrupes which differed primarily from that by hav- ing a narrower prosternum. The European S. wndatus Linn. is, I believe, the genotype, and this I have carefully compared with our nicolas White,’ of which litigiosus Casey is without doubt a synonym, and find no differences whatever more than of specific value. As regards the genus Hylotrupes, I agree with Col. Casey and most of the recent European authors that it should have all of the species excepting the type, H. bajulus Linn., removed from it, but I do not think that there was any need for establishing new genera like Anocomis® and Hemicallidium for their reception. The first, as I have shown above, I consider an absolute synonym of Semanotus. H. amethystinus Lec., the genotype of Hemical- lidium, I have carefully compared with Sympiezocera japonica Bates and find that it has the same type of antennae, palpi, pro- and mesosternum, and other characters of generic value, and in fact, except for color, could hardly be separated. I would therefore place the genus Hemicallidium as a synonym of Sympiezocera, which latter is now placed according to the latest European cata- h@ati Cols Bris Mu. V LUE ph 3a. § Memoirs of the Coleoptera, III (1912), by Thos. L. Casey, Dp: 271, 50 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII { logue, and I consider justly so, as but a subgenus of Semanotus. The following American species, ligneum Fab. and nicolas White (littgsosus Casey), I would consider as typical members of the genus, and amethystinus Lec. and junipers Fisher as members of the subgenus Sympiezocera. My new species, Semanotus cupresst, does not belong with the more typical forms nor in the subgenus Symptezocera, but in another group along with the Japanese S. rufipennis Mots., which differs primarily by having the terminal palpal joints truncate, the antennae quite delicate and the joints cylindrical, the prothorax quite evenly rounded on the sides, and the legs markedly clavate, as in Hylotrupes bajulus Linn., but differing from the last in having the elytra quite heavily and closely punctured. A new subgenus might be created, but it would seem best to wait for that until the time when the entire Holarctic Cal- lidiini can be studied and revised. Semanotus nicolas White is widely distributed throughout the higher mountains of the west as well as the boreal regions of this continent and breeds in the true firs and perhaps also the true spruces. I have specimens in my collection from various parts of the Sierras, from Mt. Rainier, Washington, the Bitter Root Moun- tains of Montana, and from Rampart, Alaska. There is a great deal of variation both as regards size and color.and to a certain degree as to punctuation. The males are generally all black, though I have specimens with the yellow fascia distinctly indicated. The females are as usual black with two yellow fasciae, though I have several Sierran as well as northern specimens that are entirely black and several that have the elytra in great part of an ochre color. I would consider terminata Casey as but a phase, an east- ward extension of the boreal race. S. ligneus Fab. is, as Col. Casey has shown, very different from the preceding. It is widely distributed in this country and breeds only on the various species of cupressine ® trees, cedars, cypresses, sequoias, and junipers, and breaks up into a number of races or subspecies, of which I would recognize three or at most four: the typical phase found in Eastern North America and reared from juniper; the var. parvicollis Casey from Colorado, probably but a weak phase of the preceding; the var. ampla Casey, a well-marked variety confined to the Pacific °J have here used the term cupressine in a broad way, referring to the order Toxodiaceae as well as the order Cupressaceae. In- sects do not seem to separate these as do the botanists. April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 51 Coast and reared from various cupressine trees as Libocedrus, Thuja, Cupressus, and Juniperus, and very variable as to size and color; and a peculiar phase differing from the last in the fact that the males have the basal third of the elytra orange and the apical two-thirds a bluish black, the females not especially different from the more typical forms. This last variety might be called the variety sequoiae n. var., as it breeds exclusively in the coast red- wood, Sequoia sempervirens Endl. The S. angusta Casey is but a weak phase of ampla Casey. I have a specimen from Seattle with a basal, a median, and an apical black bar that might prove to belong to a distinctive color race, but do not believe that it should be con- sidered so until we see more material. S. amethystinus Lec. and S. junipert Fisher are fairly constant except as regards size and as to a slight variation in the metallic shades of the elytra and breadth and outline of the prothorax in the former. The first breeds in Lsbocedrus decurrens Torr. and the latter in juniper. It is inter- esting to note in this connection that while Hylotrupes bajulus Linn. breeds in both pines and fir, all of the genus Semanotus, including the subgenus Sympiezocera, of which I have been able to get any records, live either in the firs or in some of the cupressine trees. Of the exotic forms, Semanotus rufipennis Mots. was reared by Lewis from fir rails, Sympiezocera japonica Bates found “running over decayed Cryptomerias,”!? and Sympiezocera laurasis Lucas taken in the cedar forests of Algeria.17 None seem to be found on pines. This is paralleled by the Buprestid genus Trachy- kele, the various species of which live either in fir or one of the cupressine trees. Necydalis acutipennis n. sp. Robust, black, legs rufo-castaneous, elytra rufous, entire upper surface shining, the head and front and sides of pro- thorax sparsely clothed with a short black upright hair, entire thorax beneath and pleurae more densely covered with short and somewhat yellowish pile, the abdomen subopaque and with but a sparse clothing of minute hairs. Head with frontal longitudinal and fronto-clypeal grooves sharply impressed, the 10 Longicorn Coleoptera of Japan, by H. W. Bates, Anns. Nat. Flist.2 Wel! 12; 4’ Ser.’ (1873); pe’ 108: 11Longicorn Beetles of Japan, by H. W. Bates, Journ. Linn. Soc., London, Zoo., Vol..18 (1885), p. 227. i Anns! Mat: Secs Fr., 1851, Bull, p..CVIl. 52 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. XVIII clypeus slightly reflexed anteriorly, the front densely punc- tured with moderate and fine punctures intermixed, the clypeus and vertex more coarsely and sparsely punctured, antennal tubercles prominent but without elevated crest; antennae reaching beyond middle of body, third joint one-third longer than fourth and slightly longer than fifth. Prothorax broader than long, 4 mm. x 3.5 mm., the sides strongly tuberculate at middle; the disc with median longitudinal and anterior and posterior impressions deep, the first laterally bounded by large elevated elliptical areas that are very finely and sparsely punc- tured, the apical and basal areas convex and more closely punctured. Elytra together broader than long, the sutural margin gradually arcuate from base to near apex where dis- tinctly sinuate, the lateral margin also arcuate from base to apex but less curved at middle and meeting the suture at an acute angle at tip, the elytra therefore not truncate but acute behind, the disc very finely and sparsely punctured, with a well-marked longitudinal depression just without the suture and a second, shorter one, near the lateral margin, both poste- rior and not reaching the base, the apex distinctly angularly reflexed. Abdomen minutely, closely punctured. Legs ro- bust, femora quite clavate, hind tibiae considerably dilated apically and but little curved. Length 22 mm., breadth 5 mm. Type, a unique female in my collection, captured near Castle Crags, Shasta County, California, July 9, 1921, by Mr. C. L. Fox, and by him kindly presented to me. The following table will enable it to be readily separated from the other known American species: I Elytra without transverse impression near apex and apex not ig 2) ooo cece Mn CRB tan Rice Meare NN Ue Miche bo 5 3 a Elytra with transverse impression near apex and apex dis- AEE, MENEREE 2. «20 woes erent eee Sel ee ae 5. Large and robust species, 22 mm. in eee prothorax robust, with dorsal tubercles, and shining (Santa Barbara, Cal.). barbarae Rivers. Smaller and delicate species, 15-20 mm. in length, prothorax elongate, subcylindrical, without evident dorsal tubercles and opaque (Eastern States)..... aysiu anealian mellitus Say. . Antennae long and delicate, upper surface quite smooth and shining, pronotum cylindrical and not sulcate above (Pacific States*and': Vane )iekioe sierra ne Sie tan pra laevicollis Lec. . Antennae robust, pronotum deeply longitudinally sulcate. . .7. April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 53 7. Entire body densely clothed with golden yellow pile, elytra Pumtieatevat ape sOCAl ca c's lsjewis ee sees cavipennis Lec. Upper surface quite smooth and shining, elytra acute at SRG ERIS tra hat arei ai oes netaidi me She e!d 6.6 acutipennis n. sp. This species can not be confused with any of our other species, for it is the only one with the apices of the elytra acute. NEW SPECIES OF TENTHREDINIDAE FROM THE EAST AND MIDDLE WEST.* By Arex. D. MacGitiivray, Urbana, Ill. The following new species were in collections received from Mr. F. M. Schott, Wyandanch, New York; Professor J. S. Hine, Ohio State University; and Professor A. L. Lovett, Oregon Agricul- tural College. They make an interesting addition to our fauna. Acantholyda modesta n. sp. Female. Body black with the clypeus, almost connected with two spots above antennae, a quadrangular spot on each frontal orbit, a wedge-shaped mark on each occipital furrow, the interocellar furrow, note-shaped mark from caudo-mesal angle of each compound eye to caudal margin of head, occipital orbits, extending to caudal margin and connecting with note- shaped marks and marks on occipital furrows, median area of mesonotum, mesoscutellum, small adjacent dash of each lateral lobe, metascutellum, margin of prothorax, tegulae, all the sterna, coxae, sterna of abdomen and margin on terga, more or less suffused with reddish, white; antennae with flagellum rufous, about thirty-five segments, first segment of flagellum longer than the next two; legs with femora black above and with a black line below, otherwise rufous; tibiae and tarsi rufous; wings hyaline, veins black. Length 15 mm. Habitat: Wyandanch, Long Island, New York; F. M. Schott, collector. This species is similar to marginiventris Cresson. Xyela intrabilis n. sp. Male. Body black; the mandibles and the tegulae yellow; the clypeus, labrum, antennae, and legs dull luteous; head 1 Contributions from the Entomological Laboratories of the Uni- versity of Illinois, No. 72. o4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII polished, impunctate; antennal furrows obsolete; the labrum fringed with setae; the clypeus truncately rounded and very finely carinate at middle; median fovea wanting; front with a slender mesal furrow; antennae with the first segment of the flagellum longer than all the following segments together, the second and third and following segments of the flagellum sub- equal; lateral ocelli on slight protuberances, more elevated than median; mesothorax dull, impunctate; wings membran- ous, clear, stigma broad, not darkly colored, the radial sector interrupted for nearly half its length. Length 3 mm. Habitat: Wyandanch, Long Island, New York; F. M. Schott, collector. This species falls near salicis Rohwer. Empria columna n. sp. Female. Body black with the knees and beyond rufous, paler on the anterior legs; clypeus uniformly convex, not carinate, deeply angularly emarginate; antennae with the first segment of the flagellum longer than the second, nearly as long as the subequal second and third together ; antennal fur- row broad, so broad as to appear almost wanting; ocellar basin a broad slightly concave area; median fovea a deep pit; ocellar and interocellar furrows wanting; saw-guides with dorsal and ventral margins converging, the ventral more strongly, the distal portion obliquely truncate; the wings smoky, the stigma, veins, and costa brown. Length 5.5 mm. Habitat: Ira, Summit County, Ohio; received from Prof. Jas. S. Hine. This species, which runs to cavata MacG., is readily separated from this species by the form of the head and the shape of the saw-guides. Pareophora guara n. sp. Female. Body black with the collar, tegulae, knees, tibiae, and tarsi white; clypeus flat, shallowly roundly emarginate; antennae with the first segment of the flagellum distinctly longer than the second, the second and third subequal ; lateral foveae large, nearly as large as the median fovea; ocellar basin not well defined; head scarcely depressed about the median ocellus; ocellar and interocellar furrows only faintly im- pressed ; vertical furrows deep but very short; scutellum flat; pleura polished; saw-guides short, blunt, dorsal margin con- cave, the ventral and distal margins forming a cdntinuous. semi- circle; wings hyaline, veins including costa and stigma pale. Length 6 mm. April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Socsety 5d Habitat: Marion County, Arkansas; received from A. L. Lovett. This species is very different from floridana Cresson. Macrophya bellula n. sp. Female. Body black with the labrum, clypeus, spot on each mandible, trochanters, protibiae above, the mesotibiae more or less above, more or less of the proximal portion of the pro- tarsal and mesotarsal segments, and a spot on the upper side of the middle of the metatibiae; the antennae with the first. segment of the flagellum distinctly longer than the second; the clypeus broadly roundly emarginate; the head and thorax finely punctured; the saw-guides with the dorsal margin con- cave, the ventral margin convex, the distal portion oblique, the distal end bluntly rounded; the wings hyaline, the stigma and the veins black. Length 8 mm. Habitat: Greenwood Lake, New Jersey; F. M. Schott, collector. This species is related to externa Say. Dolerus neoagcistus n. sp. Female. Body black with the prothorax, the median lobe of the mesonotum, the greater part of each lateral lobe, the appendage of the scutellum, the mesopleura and metapleura for the most part, the basal plates, and the abdomen, except the saw-guides, rufous; the antennae with the first segment of the flagellum longer than the second, the second and third sub- equal; the head uniformly densely punctate; the vertical fur- rows punctiform ; head not with a.transverse furrow extending from the vertical furrows behind the compound eyes; the median and lateral lobes of the mesonotum uniformly finely punctate; the lateral lobes with an impunctate area extending to the median lobe; the mesoscutellum finely punctate; the appendage of the scutellum longitudinally striate; the saw- guides retracted, the distal end convexly oblique, sharply pointed above, setiferous; wings slightly smoky, the veins and stigma black. Length 8 mm. Habitat: Southfield, New York; Frederic M. Schott, collector. This species is related to agcistus MacG. Dolerus neostugnus n. sp. Female. Body black with the prothorax, mesopleura, median lobe of the mesonotum, the metanotum except the metascutellum, the basal plates, and the abdomen except the saw-guides, rufous; the antennae with the first segment of the flagellum longer than the second, the second slightly longer 56 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. XVIII than the third; the head with the front, frontal orbits, post- ocellar area, and vertical orbits uniformly punctate; the verti- cal furrows punctiform; the lobes of the mesonotum uni- formly sparsely punctate, the caudal part of the lateral lobes and the mesoscutellum more closely punctate; the lateral lobes of the mesonotum not with a smooth area extending to the median lobe; the mesopleura closely punctate; the saw-guides with the dorsal margin slightly and the ventral margin strongly convergent, the distal portion obliquely truncately rounded; the wings hyaline, the veins black. Length 7 mm. Habitat: Urbana, Illinois; received from A. L. Lovett. This species belongs to the nudus group; its coloraton will distinguish it. Pristiphora luteola Norton. This species, which was based upon the male alone, is the male of Pristiphora bivittata Norton. ANOTHER REMINISCENCE OF EARLY DAYS. By Wm. T. BatTuer, Past President, B. E. S. Although I was not a charter member of the Brooklyn Society, I had the pleasure of meeting many of the early Brooklyn col- lectors. As a boy in the late seventies, I had never met an entomologist or any one interested in insects, but I often went in the fields and woods with a crude homemade net and corkless cigar box in which to pin my specimens. One Sunday afternoon, I think it was in the year 1877, I was on the old Coney Island road, then a wonderful collecting locality with flowery fields, farms, and woodland from Prospect Park to the Coney Island creek; a single-track horse-car line was the only means of transportation, and the greater part of a day’s outing was . consumed in a trip to and from the now famous Coney resort. I saw across the fields for the first time in my life a man with a butterfly net, and I lost no time in introducing myself to none other than our good member, Mr. Jacob Doll. He invited me to his home and gave me my first lesson in the art of collecting, mounting, and preserving insects. He also gave me a big female Cecropia moth, a great prize at that time. It was through his kind interest April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 57 that I became a collector, and I am indebted to him for many ’ happy hours spent in the fields and woods. I then met Mr. John Ackhurst, a conspicuous individual, with long wavy hair—a dealer in butterflies and biological material. I collected insects and cocoons for him for a year or two. In the year 1880, I bought the ticket here reproduced for a chance on a collection of butterflies to be drawn for at John Kramer’s saloon in old Williamsburg. I forget who won the col- lection, or what became of it—perhaps it faded away in some mer- chant’s show window or was reduced to dust by Dermestidae—but the event was an orderly jolly gathering of entomological enthusi- asts who discussed collecting experiences and drank vast quantities of wholesome lager beer. TO BE DRAWN FOR A. BEAUTIFUL Collection of Butterflies, Se ee Js aks KRAMER’S SALOON, Cor. Graham Ave. & Maujer St., (late Remsen.) On Monday Ev’g, February 23d, 1880. TICKETS, 50 CENTS. {as The Owner and Winner each to treat a Keg of Beer. A fine Lunch will be served on the occasion. The collection has vanished, and but few of the men at that pleasant gathering are now alive, but this card has been treasured and remains to-day a silent reminder of HAPPy DAYS, before re- formers and the Eighteenth Commandment took the joy out of life. The Index for Volume XVII (1922) was mailed to subscribers with the number for February, 1923 (Vol. XVIII, No.1). Sub- scribers should assure themselves they received it. | | 58 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. XVIII THE LARVAL STAGES OF LIMNOPHORA DISCRETA STEIN (DIPTERA, ANTHOMYIDAE). By WERNER MarcHanp, Ph.D.t On October 31, 1918, while sifting for tabanid larvae at the White City Park pond of Trenton, New Jersey, the writer found a small whitish dipterous larva, unknown to him and of a type not figured in Malloch’s paper. It may be briefly described as follows: Description of Larva (Fig. 1, a-c). 1 From the Department of Animal Pathology of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, N. J. The author re- signed April, 1919. The publication of these notes was delayed as at the time I was unable to have the imago identified. Fo — April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 59 Fic. 1. Larval stages of Liemnophora discreta Stein. (a), dor- sal view of larva; (b), lateral view of first three segments of larva; (c), lateral view of one of the abdominal segments of the larva; (d), dorsal view of puparium; (¢), ventral view of puparium, with imago developing within. Measurements: 9 mm. long, 14% mm. diameter. Color creamy white. Intestinal contents orange in color. Chitinous head-skeleton and the two respiratory tubercles at the poste- rior end dark brown. Body shape cylindrical, pointed ante- riorly, rounded posteriorly. The posterior segments hardly decreasing in diameter towards the posterior end. The four anterior segments narrower, the first (prothoracic) segment very small. Twelfth segment fused with the eleventh and not clearly distinguishable. Owing to this fact and to the smallness of the first segment the larva may appear 10-seg- mented at first sight. Anterior segment in constant, active movement. Chitinous rods of mandibles nearly straight, dark brown, reaching to posterior border of second segment. Fat- body strongly developed, white, reaching from the eleventh into the third segment on both sides, completely enveloping the salivary glands and the intestine, but leaving the tracheae free on the dorsal side. Ventrally the fat-body envelops everything ; in the middle of the body the orange color of the intestine is visible. Ducts of the salivary glands free, slender, uniting anteriorly near the posterior end of the chitinous rods. Malpighian vessels partly extending into segments six and seven, brownish anteriorly, whitish posteriorly. Cephalic ganglion large, brownish; ganglion chain highly concentrated ; its total length only that of the cephalic ganglion. Tracheal trunks slender, of even length throughout, only gradually nar- rowing down anteriorly ; describing broad and indistinct loops. Commissures not noticeable; if present on dorsal side, they must be very long as not to hinder the sidewise shifting of the tracheal trunks. Commissures posteriorly of pharynx very distinct ; a second commisstire in segment eleven likewise dis- tinct, rather short and straight, holding the tracheae here fixed at a certain distance. Laterally very slender tracheal branches given off obliquely on each side. Anteriorly, the tracheal trunks end at the anterior border of the second segment, lat- erally on each side in a (rudimentary ?) anterior spiracle, similar to that found in Chrysops before pupation. Poste- riorly, the tracheal trunks open separately in two short, cylin- drical, brownish-black respiratory prominences, which are about three times their own diameter apart from one another. 60 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. XVIII Three more slender tracheae endling likewise in each of these tubercles. Integument silky shining, with extremely fine, microscopi- cal, parallel striation, which is more distinct on segments ten and eleven than in the anterior part of the body, where the integument is dull in appearance. The place of prolegs is taken by a transverse ventral swelling on each of the segments four to ten; each swelling armed with two rows of short, roundish spines or hooks. Areas of the integument fairly well demarcated on abdominal segments. Ventral areas as wide as the transverse swellings, on both sides of the latter demarcated from the lateral areas by a longitudinal row of about fifteen punctiform depressions. Lateral areas indistinctly differenti- ated into upper, middle and lower lateral areas by means of rows of punctiform depressions. Row of punctures separat- ing middle and lower lateral area consisting of about seven punctures, beginning at posterior end of segment but not reaching anterior border. Row of depressions between middle and upper lateral area likewise consisting of five to seven punctures, beginning at anterior border of the segment but not reaching the posterior border. Row of depressions separating dorsal and lateral areas longer, comprising about eight to twelve punctures, beginning at posterior border of segment but not quite reaching the anterior border. All areas very finely and minutely striated. On segments four to ten the three lateral areas are thus demarcated. On the meso- and metathorax the lateral areas are undivided. Owing to the smallness of the prothoracic segment its structure could not be determined. On the meso- and metathorax the lower border of the lateral areas has more the character of a straight fur- row; the upper border of a row of punctiform depressions homologous. No Graber’s organ (of Tabanidae) could be seen in this larva. On November 9 a second specimen of this larva was found in the same locality. This specimen did not differ from the one described except that the Malpighian vessels were better visible and wholly white, extending dorsally through the greater part of the body, and that the salivary glands were better visible, being of much greater diameter than the Malpighian vessels, but more grayish-transparent and partly enveloped in the fat-body. The intestinal contents were bright orange. This specimen remained orange in color, while the first-taken specimen was more of a lemon yellow. The two larvae were kept in test-tubes lined with moist filter paper; as food, boiled meat was given, but it could not be 7 April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 61 ascertained whether any food was taken. The larvae were ob- served daily; they moved freely about in the test-tubes, being found at times near the bottom, at other times near the upper end, resting sometimes with head pointing downward, at other times pointing upward, while no preference for a particular resting atti- tude could be detected. On November 20 both specimens had pupated, one of them un- doubtedly on the same day, since it was still pale in color, the second specimen either early on the same day or on the preceding day. Pupation takes place within the larval skin, the result being a puparium. No cocoon is formed. Description of Puparium (Fig. 1, d-e). Length 5 mm., diameter 1% mm. Color yellowish-fuscous, at first pale, then darker reddish. In the fresh pupa dark mouth-parts and pale Malpighian vessels shining through the integument, the passive movements of the latter plainly visible. Integument of mature puparium not transparent; surface gen- erally reticulate in structure. Body twelve-segmented; seg- ment one short, consisting of two roundish swellings at the anterior extremity of the body, bearing the two small, whitish cylindrical anterior spiracles. Segment two narrow, wider posteriorly, at base only one-half as wide as segment three, brown, rugose, with a dorsal, ventral and lateral ridge, the latter continued upon the third segment. Third segment with posterior border twice as wide as anterior, broadly convex, evenly rounded ; surface with fine chitinous ridges in a reticu- late arrangement. Fourth segment of still greater diameter, rounded, areolate. Border between the segments rugose, with areolae smaller and less distinct. Following (fifth) segment not wider than fourth; surface areolate; following six ab- dominal segments at first wider than preceding, posterior ones gradually narrower; sixth of these segments (eighth abdomi- nal eleventh body segment) about one-half as wide as first (third abdominal). Last or twelfth body segment small, short, flat, placed somewhat ventrally, distinctly separate from eleventh segment, with two divergent black spiracular proc- esses. Spiracular processes short-cylindrical, rounded at tip, compressed laterally ; placed at a distance of about three times their own diameter from one another. All abdominal seg- ments except twelfth distinctly areolated ; border lines of seg- ments with areolae indistinct or reduced to wrinkles. Borders of segments slightly constricted. Ventral side more evenly rounded, surface areolated like dorsal. A pale rounded spot 62 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII ventrolaterally at posterior border of segment four. A median ridge ventrally of segment two. Lateral ridge on segment two continued on segment three and disappearing in the areo- lated surface structure of segment four. Areolate structure of integument of a polyhedral character on thorax; reticulae (meshes) more flattened out transversely on abdomen, espe- cially on dorsal side. The two puparia were placed in a Petri dish containing algae and some moist filter paper and covered with a glass slide. On Nevember 29 both puparia had assumed a darker color, wings, legs, and mouth-parts becoming visible through the integument. The first imago hatched November 30; the second was found hatched on December 2, and it had probably emerged the day be- fore. These two flies have been kindly identified by Mr. J. R. Malloch as belonging to Limnophora discreta Stein, a species of which the life-history was thus far unknown. ORTHOCEPHALUS MUTABILIS FALL. (HEMIP., MIRIDAE). By J. R. Srear, Penna. Bur. of Plant Industry, Harrisburg, Pa. Numerous specimens of this species, including nymphs in all stages as well as adults, were collected at Orono, Maine, by Mr. and Mrs. Robt. J. Sim, on June 15, 1922. They were determined for me by Prof. H. H. Knight, of the University of Minnesota. They were taken on ox-eye daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthe- mum), which was noticeably injured by the feeding of the Mirid, the plants being undersized and poorly developed. In an adjoining field not infested the daisies were normal in size. It is interesting to note that O. mutabilis is an European species, where it has been known for over a hundred years. The only other reference to this species in American literature is that by Knight, in Can. Ent., Vol. 49, p. 249, who states that specimens were taken July 2, 1913, by C. W. Woods at Orono, Me. Mr. Woods found them on “ wild daisy’ and in only one field. April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 63 ALTICA OR HALTICA? By Witi1am Cotcorp Woops, Wesleyan University. When we examine the 1758 (1oth) edition of Linnaeus’s Sys- tema Naturae, we find most of the leaf beetles included in the single genus Chrysomela, which corresponds quite closely to what we recognize to-day as the family Chrysomelidae. The first step toward splitting up this complex was made a few years later, in 1762, when Geoffroy, a French entomologist, erected a new genus for those species of Chrysomela in which the hind thighs are thick- ened for leaping—that is, for the flea-beetles, designating them as Altica (Hist. nat. des insectes . . . t. 1: 244). This generic name, based on the Greek adjective dAtixos, skilled in leaping, was emended to Haltica by Llliger, because of its Greek derivation, in 1802: (Mag. f. Insektenk. Bd. 1: 138). In 1917 the writer ad- vanced the opinion that Geoffroy’s spelling should stand despite his omission of the aspirate (Me. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 265, p. 274, et seq.), but since Haltica is retained as the preferred spelling in Leng’s recent list of the Coleoptera, it seems advisable to review the evidence. Article 19 of the International Code: “ The original orthography of a name is to be preserved, unless an error of transcription, a lapsus calami, or a typographical error is evident”’ seems to be the only rule bearing directly on the question of emendations. Altica Geoffroy is not a lapsus calami, since Geoffroy customarily omitted the “h”’ in transliterating from Greek, nor is it a typographical error. Is it an error of transcription in the sense of the Code? Before any specific case is settled there should be some consid- eration of the general principles involved, for if the emendation to Altica be admitted, consistency demands that the missing aspirate be supplied in all similar cases. In the Coleoptera alone, no less than 85 generic names in addition to Altica must be similarly changed if we are to insist rigidly on an exact transliteration from the original Greek, for most French scientists and apparently some of the earlier English zodlogists deliberately disregarded the breathing in forming words from Greek roots. How, therefore, can we expect a stable nomenclature except by recognizing priority and accepting each name in the form in which it was first pro- posed? That our present American usage is chaotic rather than scientific—still confining our attention to the Coleoptera—any one fairly familiar with Greek can discover for himself by running 64 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII through the index of genera in Leng’s recent list of the Coleoptera, a most careful and painstaking work deservedly recognized as the standard catalogue of North American beetles. Below, though by no means complete, is a list of generic names occurring in this work, all of which are derived from Greek words beginning with a rough breathing, and were originally proposed without the aspi- rate. In the first column is given the original orthography, in the second the correct transliteration according to present American ideas, and in the third the form in which the name appears in the Leng catalogue. Correct translitera- Form in Leng’s Cata- Original orthography. tion. logue. Abraeus Habraeus Abraeus Altica Haltica Haltica (Altica) Aploderus Haploderus Aploderus (Haploderus) Elodes Helodes Helodes (Elodes) Elosoma Helosoma Elosoma Omala Homala Omala Omalisus Homalisus Omalisus Omalium Homalium Omalium (Homalium) Omalodes Homalodes Omalodes Omophron Homophron Omophron Ormiscus Hormiscus Ormiscus (Hormiscus ) Of these eleven generic names proposed originally without the “h,” in two, Haltica and Helodes, the emendment is admitted; in three, Aploderus, Omalium, and Ormiscus, it is rejected; and the remaining six are left in their original form. From the standpoint of the Altica-Haltica controversy, it is interesting to note that Homalisus does not appear at all in the List, because Geoffroy pro- posed Omalisus as well as Altica, and Illiger emended the former to Homalisus just as he did the latter to Haltica, so that the status of the two names is exactly the same. It seems evident that we should accept consistently the original orthography in all cases, or else employ all these names only in an emended form; the first alternative alone commends itself to the writer’s judgment. Passing now to the specific case of Altica vs. Haltica, the argu- — pat ra April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 65 ments in favor of the older name may be summarized as follows: (1) Article 19, strictly interpreted, does not deal with translitera- tion; (2) Altica is a transliteration found in classical Latin; (3) Geoffroy in this transliteration merely followed contemporary French usage; and (4) the Latin language, the language of scien- tific nomenclature, has never been strict in the use of the aspirate. Except for (2) these arguments are equally valid for cases similar to that of Altica. (1) Altica as a Latinized form of the Greek a\ruos is at worst an error, not of transcription, but of transliteration. Article 19 of the Code makes no statement about transliteration, but as it seems evident from the context that “transcription” is used in the sense of “transliteration,” the writer does not wish to rest on this technicality, believing that wisely or unwisely in intent if not in wording the Code admits the possibility of emendations. (2) Although there is no definite statement in the Histotre, the writer does not doubt that Geoffroy Latinized Altica directly, with- out regard to classical usage, yet it is relevant to point out prece- dents for such a transliteration. Alticus, a Roman cognomen well known from inscriptions, is doubtless derived from the Greek a\tucos (White and Riddle, Latin Dictionary), while in Homeric Greek the second aorist of the related verb ¢\\ouar occurs regularly with the smooth breathing instead of the rough. The writer does not believe that either of these cases influenced Geoffroy, but they do show that emendation is unnecessary in this particular case. (3) But the crux of the situation lies in the fact that Geoffroy simply followed the best French usage in omitting the aspirate when transliterating from Greek. Under these circumstances no fair charge of “error of transcription” can be alleged, for the Code obviously refers, not to a widespread linguistic custom, but only to individual errors. To avoid unnecessary detail, only the work of Commerson, Geof- froy’s exact contemporary, is cited. Commerson, at the request of Linnaeus, wrote a treatise on the fishes of the Mediterranean, in which the “ blennie sauteur”’ is described as Alticus, with the common name “altique.” This paper, though never published, was completed about 1755; it has, of course, no zoological status, and Alticus was never subsequently proposed as a generic name,* * Halticus, however, was proposed by Hahn in 1831 and is a valid genus of hemipterous insects of the family Miridae. 66 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. XVII but it does show the prevailing usage. As has been stated, Geof- froy proposed Altica in 1762, vulgarizing the name as “‘altise.” Both “altique” and “altise”’ appear in the Grand Dictionnaire of Pierre Larousse, the standard French dictionary. Under both words the derivation is given as “du gr. altikos, sauteur,” the aspirate being omitted, and the word written in Latin, not Greek, characters. The volume containing the “a’s” was published in 1866; the second supplementary volume, published without imprint about 1890, refers back to this volume for the derivation of “al- tise.” Since, judging from French and Italian dictionaries, a dis- regard of the aspirate in transliterating from Greek is the recog- nized usage of those languages, there can be no reasonable doubt that the “h” was deliberately omitted by many of the earlier zool- ogists in forming generic names based on Greek roots, and that Geoffroy in forming Altica and Omalisus intentionally left out the “h.” It would seem perfectly clear that Altica Geoffroy, by no means an “evident error of transcription” in the sense of the International Code, should be retained, Haltéca Illiger being listed as a synonym. Certainly Haltica should at all events be referred to Illiger, 1802, and not Geoffroy, 1762, as is commonly done. Article 21 of the Code states that the citation of the author’s name is to denote responsibility and to aid in bibliographic research, not to “give credit.” It does not make any easier what is at best a tangle to refer to Geoffroy a name which did not appear in his Histoire and which was not proposed until fifty years later. In discussing a somewhat similar case, Article 3 says: “In following this plan we are not attempting to rob Redon of any supposed credit which belongs to him, but we do not hold him responsible for names introduced by later authors.” If Altica be retained, of course the tribe Halticini will become Alticini, and the subfamily Halticidae, Alticidae. (4) Two illustrations out of many possible ones will suffice to show the deviations of Latin usage as regard the “h.” The best Latin, as well as the Sanskrit derivation, demands that “‘ harena,” a sandy place, be spelled with an “h,” but the incorrect spelling, “arena,” came into commoner use and has persisted. On the other hand, while the Latin word for shoulder, being related to the Greek opos, should be written “umerus” and not “ humerus,” the incorrect spelling, “humerus,” has passed into scientific use. Un- til we are prepared to change “arenarius ” wherever it occurs as a April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Socsety 67 ‘ specific name to “ harenarius,”’ and to treat of the “umerus” in- stead of the “ humerus” in our textbooks of anatomy, we can not, with any consistency, admit Illiger’s emendation of Altica. The writer is one of those entomologists who does hope that ultimately we may recover a stable nomenclature, and for that reason he still finds himself in cordial agreement with the opinion which Allard expressed so many years ago. “It seems to me,” he wrote in discussing the Altica-Haltica problem, “ that the orthogra- phy of the word should be determined by priority, and since Geof- froy in 1762 and Fourcroy in 1785 wrote it with an ‘a,’ with Latreille we must respect their right of invention and omit the ‘h’” (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1860, ser. 3, t. 8: 41). OBSERVATIONS ON THE OCHTERIDAE. By Pror. R. TAKAHASHI. [English Résumé by the author of the original Japanese in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, Vol. XI, No. 55, pp. 119-125 (1921).| Very little has been published relative to the habits of the family Ochteridae and the writer made these observations on Ochterus formosanus Mats., which is not uncommon in Formosa: (1) The adults live upon the sandy shores of ponds or streams, where the color of the backs merges into their surroundings, ren- dering them difficult to discern. They are not able to submerge, and do not run out upon the water, where they are sometimes found by accident, but the nymphs are amphibious, being often seen sub- merged. (2) The adults are very active, although the nymphs are rather inactive. The death-feigning habit has never been observed. (3) The species is not gregarious, but two or three nymphs are sometimes found in groups. ‘ (4) The nymphs sometimes vibrate their abdomens vertically a little for a few seconds when resting on the shores. (5) The nymphs cover their backs completely with sandy gran- ules. All the instars have this habit. Their heads are provided, on the front, with 12-14 short, stout processes, projecting forward and arranged in a transverse row, with which they scoop the sand upon their heads and push it backward with the front legs. 68 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. XVIII 1 (6) The nymphs construct for themselves small cells of sand above the ground, employing frontal processes, in which the molts take place. (7) The nymphs, with wettable dorsum, are amphibious in habit, being often found submerged. When submerged, the bodies are always held just below the surface film, and they swim rather awkwardly, moving all the legs, but do not swim deeper. A store of air for respiration when submerged is carried below by the insect on the under surface of the abdomen; and the nymphs now and then lie back down, exposing the lower surface of the abdomens into free air to take in a new supply of air. This act is very quickly done. (8) The mating habit is almost as in Microvelia, but the males do not remain on their mates for a long time when copulation is finished. (9) The eggs are placed singly upon the sandy granules, or upon the decayed leaves on the shores. (10) The egg is similar in structure to that of Gelastocoris figured by Dr. Hungerford (1919), measuring about 0.7 mm. in length. ; (11) There are five nymphal instars, as is common for many Heteroptera, and the nymphal stages last more than one month. (12) In the adults, the front and middle tarsi are 2-jointed and the hind 3-jointed, while in the nymphs all the tarsi are always 2-jointed. (13) The adults may be seen at any season throughout the year in Formosa. April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety 69 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. MEETING OF JANUARY 12, 1922.—The election of officers was postponed till the next meeting. Long Island Records.—Mr. Doll showed a specimen of Schisto- cerca vaga Scudder (named by Mr. W. T. Davis), taken by him in a store at Brooklyn, January 6; the species is indigenous in the southwestern United States. Sctentific Programme.—Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno read a paper “On Some Rare New York Heteroptera.’ Mr. Howard Notman presented some “Remarks on Stenus (Staphylinidae).” Mr. A. Weeks spoke of “ Damage by Unwise Drainage of Swamps to the Indigenous Fauna and Flora.” MEETING OF FEBRUARY 16, 1922.—Mr. Engelhardt announced the death, on February 15, of Mr. Ed. L. Graef, Honorary Presi- dent of the Society. (An obituary notice, with portrait, appeared in the BULLETIN for April, 1922.) The following officers were elected to serve during the year 1922: President, Mr. W. T. Davis; Vice-President, Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno; Corresponding and Recording Secretary, Dr. J. Bequaert; Treasurer, Mr. G. P. Engelhardt; Librarian, Mr. A. C. Weeks; Curator, Mr. G. Franck. The Publication Committee to consist of Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, Editor; Mr. G. P. Engel- hardt; and Dr. J. Bequaert. Mr. Howard Notman was appointed Delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences. Long Island Records.—Mr. Engelhardt showed specimens of the European bee, Megachile centuncularis (Linnaeus), taken in a house at Brooklyn. They had issued from a nest located in a shell- case imported from Europe. ° Sctentific Programme——Mr. W. T. Davis spoke at length of “The Grasshoppers of the Genus Schistocerca in North America.” He pointed out that of the ten species known from the United States, two occur on Long Island, one more being found in New Jersey. S. alutacea Harris and its var. rubiginosa Harris breed on Long Island. The large S. americana Drury is found near New York City in the summer, but does not breed farther north than Maryland and Washington, D.C. Mr. A. C. Weeks read a paper on “ Present Wasteful, Injurious, and Inadequate Methods for the Extermination of the Mosquitoes.” MEETING OF MArRcH 16, 1922.—Mr. Notman was elected Corre- sponding Secretary to complete the number of seven members of the Executive Committee provided for by the By-Laws. Mr. C. Schaeffer was appointed Recording Secretary pro tem. until Dr. Bequaert’s return from Europe. Local Records.—Mr. Doll showed Coryphista meadit (Packard), 70 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. XVIII collected at light by Mr. Witte, at Irvington, New Jersey, August 12,1921. This species was never before recorded from the eastern United States. Scientific Programme. Collecting Experiences on Long Is- land.’ Messrs. McDevitt, Engelhardt, Doll, Weeks, and Bueno successively spoke on this subject. Mr. W. T. Davis exhibited a box of insects collected at Tampa, Florida, in the spring of 1921, by Mr. E. L. Bell. Among them were five nymphs of the large lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera P. de Beauvois, collected March 3. He also exhibited adults of this species collected at Hope and Gum Springs, Arkansas, in June, July, and August, and two females and a male from Orange, Texas, taken in August, 1914, stating that these localities seemed to extend the known range of the species. The Arkansas specimens were of the black form marci, while those from Texas were intermediate in color between marci and the typical yellowish miécroptera of Florida. Other specimens shown were from Mississippi, where marci and inter- mediates between it and microptera occur. MEETING OF APRIL 13, 1922.—Local Records.—Mr. Schaeffer reported the capture of several specimens of Myas foveatus Le- conte, at Huntington, Long Island, by Mr. F. M. Schott. Mr. Davis said he had taken a specimen of Carabus nemoralis Muller in his garden on Staten Island. Scientific Programme.—Mr. Bell spoke at length of his “ Col- lecting Experiences on Long Island in r921t.” From May 8 to September 10 twenty-nine trips were made in the territory lying between Flushing and Jamaica on the west, Port Jefferson and Patchogue on the east, and the north and south shores of the Island. The total*number of butterflies taken was 50 species and one form. He took a single male of Atrytonopsis hianna (Scud- der) at Central Park, L. I., May 29, on the flowers of a red clover. Pamphila leonardus Harris was again taken at Coram. the only locality on Long Island where this skipper has been found thus far. Mr. Good, of Cornell University ; Mr. Hatch, of Syracuse Univer- sity; and Mr. Sherman, of New York University, presented some remarks upon their own entomological studies. MEETING oF May 12, 1922.—Local Records.—Mr. Doll showed a specimen of Phyciodes nycteis Doubleday. & Hewitson, collected by Mr. Kassir, at Woodhaven, L. I., June 7; this is the first record of the species for Long Islands» Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a speci- men of Anomala orientalis —————, a Japanese beetle, sent to him for identification by Dr. Britton, of the Agricultural Experiment Station at New Haven, Conn. Four specimens of it were taken alive by one of his field agents. This beetle is recorded as very injurious in the sugar plantations of Hawaii. wen 9 April, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomologscal Soctety 71 Scientific Programme.—Mt. de la Torre-Bueno presented “ Some Remarks on Aquatic Hemiptera from Ceylon.” MEETING OF JUNE 15, 1922.—Local Records.—Mr. Davis read some interesting notes on old-time entomology on Staten Island, from an old book of Records of Norefield, Staten Island, labeled “Town Records 1783 to 1823.” He also mentioned the possible abundance of the Milkweed Butterfly this season. Mr. Bell said that Thecla damon Cramer occurred plentifully on the blossoms of the beach plum this season. Sctentific Programme.—Mr. Engelhardt addressed the Society on his “Collecting Experiences and Observations on a Visit to Alabama, Mississip pt, and Florida,” in late April and early May. Among the insects exhibited were a fine series of the southern maple borer, Synanthedon teppers (H. Edwards), collected at Mobile, Ala., and of Enodia portlandia (Fabricius), from Alabama and Florida; the latter differ from the northern form of the species by their larger size and much heavier maculation, though all lack the suffusion on primaries of the southern form known as Enodsa creola Skinner. Catocalae of a number of species were quite com- mon in the so-called ‘‘ hammocks ” at Gainesville, Fla., but difficult to capture on account of their wariness among the dense vegetation. PUBLICATIONS, OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. (Sent postpaid on receipt of price by Archibald C. Weeks, Librarian, 222 Park Place, Brooklyn.) Explanation of all technical terms used in Entomology (The Glossary), by John B. Smith, D.Sc. For sale also by dealers. Cloth............ 3.00 BULLETIN of the BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, MGIUIIE SMART One TlC iat VG levis avec ye¥e.c.di ick wie cileso7e, 0) she caieilau cial «Aha e's Gyels sjole Sieve 1.75 NF COITITTTCM GH AAT OS) eter st Pevete cece hckeie se efetayel Mes clita «/ nets elt, sso: shayats’s)anclece ereseya te 1.25 iiarnies) ares ee pms GACH )s ACI e sais fe els bcs lala wee ob sie sels mes 1.25 AVA EMIS SSH LG Mel elt Gs, Mepaey aes ens cree: sVofonniclats foya let Bltay ls) vhs b tena al eb dat Sfalere stale 6 1.50 ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, each.. 2.50 PAPILIO, edited by Harry Edwards, Vols. 1 and 4, each.......... 3.00 OTTOLENGUI, Monograph of Plusia and Allied Genera.......... .50 athe Vol. XVIII Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society No. 2 EXCHANGES. This one page is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of articles for sale. Notices not exceeding THREE lines free to subscribers. Over lines charged for at 15 cents per line per insertion. Old notices will be discontinued as space for new ones is needed. MISSISSIPPI INSECTS.—Will collect in all orders. Corre- spondence solicited. Miss Sophie May Newbern, Cedar Bluff, Miss. OFFER.—Bred adult specimen of Catocala herodtas in ex- change for ova of species of same genus. Parent moth with ovum | preferred. G. J. Keller, 68 Treacy Ave., Newark, N. J. WANTED.—Records N. Y. State Rhopalocera for check-list, - all species and localities desired for a table showing the distribution throughout the State. James L. Angle, Librarian Rochester Mu- nicipal Museum. WANTED.— Offers on bright-colored butterflies and moths for use in trays and pictures. Mrs. Robert Milde, Lewiston, Minn. ARKANSAS INSECTS.—Will collect Lepidoptera and other orders. Correspondence solicited. Miss Louise Knobel, 417 West 2d Ave., Hope, Ark. WANTED.—Cynipide and their galls from all parts of the world. Exchange or cash. Western and Southern material par- ticularly desired. Wm. Beutenmuller, Box 258, Highwood, Ber- een Con New: WANTED.—Saldidz, especially from the Western U. S. and Canada. Will name or give good exchange. J. R. de la Torre- Bueno, 11 North Broadway, White Plains, Westchester Co., N. Y. WANTED.—Papers published since 1894 and containing refer- ences to American Coleoptera by Bernhauer, Grouvelle, Lesne, Leveille, Lewis, Pic, Otto Schwarz, Wasmann or other foreign authors. Will pay cash or give in exchange papers by American authors that I have in wea C. W. Leng, No. 33 Murray St., New York City. LOT of too South American butterflies and moths in perfect condition, papered, at $6.50; including Morpho menelaus or cyprss, Caligo, 8 Papilios, 8 Heliconius, Prepona, Perssamua, Catagramma, Calicore, 4 Apatura, Nymphalide, Urania, Sphingide, etc., etc. H. S. Parish, 81 Robert St., Toronto, Can. One of the most beautiful red gold butterflies of the world— Chry. virgaureae—for only 6 cents each, as long as the stock lasts. Other small species for decorative purposes at 2 cents to 5 cents each; and also exotic Lepidoptera. Our New List of Books, Pins, Apparatus and Supplies free. Our Price List No. 58 contains 28,000 species of Lepidoptera, the Preacest and most extensive of alltlists 05 oe gece ffs dares eee cde cte $ 1.00 Price List No. 30 contains 30,000 species of Coleoptera.......... 50 Price List No. VII, 10,000 species of other insects............... .50 Price of the catalogue will be allowed for in billing orders for Insects. Kindly send price in dollar bills; or in postage stamps. DR. O. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS BLASEWITZ, DRESDEN, GERMANY An Introduction to Entomology By JOHN HENRY COMSTOCK, Professor of Entomology and General Invertebrate Zoology, Emeritus in Cornell University. PART I—The Structure and Metamorphosis of Insects This volume is the first part of a text-book of entomology that Professor Comstock has in preparation. It is, however, a complete treatise on the structure and metamorphosis of in- sects. The part now published includes four chapters. The first chapter is entitled ‘‘The Characteristics of Insects and Their Near Relatives.’’ In this chapter the characteristics of the Arthropoda and of each of the thirteen classes of arthropods is discussed, with figures ot representatives of each of these classes. ‘The second chapter is devoted to a detailed discussion of the external anatomy of insects. The third chapter treats of the internal anatomy of in- sects and includes the results of recent investigations in this field. In the fourth chapter there is a detailed account of the transformation of insects, in which each of the different types of metamorphosis of insects is discussed. There is also included a bibliography and an index. Pages, xviii+ 220, with 220 illustrations. Bound in cloth. Price $2.50 net. THE COMSTOCK PUBLISHING COMPANY ITHACA, NEW YORK Rare Tropical Butterflies Especially Ornithoptera o' and 2, Morpho o& and 2, Agrias Sand 9. Papilios from Madagascar, Australia, So. America, India, etc. Many species of Caligo, Prepona, Chlorippe, Ancylu- ris, Helicopis, etc. Urania ripheus. ‘Send for Price List. Hal Newcomb 804 Elizabeth St., -- Pasadena, California. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84-102 College Ave. ROCHESTER, N. Y. Entomological supplies of every description, including the only genuine hand made Schmitt Insect Boxes, and the well known American Entomological Company Insect Pins. Our supply catalogue No. 30 will be sent free on application. Entomological Specimens of all orders from every part of the world. Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance and others; Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America; Collections of beneficial and injurious insects; Collections of Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism. If interested write for the following circulars: 116 Biological Material for Dissection, 125 Life Histories of Economic Insects, 128 List of Living Pupae, 129 Exotic Lepidoptera, 130 North American Lepidoptera, 131 Exotic Coleoptera, 132 North American Coleoptera, 143 Type Collections, also Collections illustrating beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mimicry and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism. Our complete Insect catalogue and list of publications will be sent on receipt of 25 cents. Vol. XVIII JUNE, 1923 No. 3 BULLETIN OF THE PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor DR. J. BEQUAERT GEO. P. ENGELHARL 1 Published by the Society Prize, 35 cents Subscription, $1.50 per yea: Mailed July 12, 1923 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1919, at the postoffice at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 = ae The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1923 Honorary President CHARLES W. LENG President Treasurer We de DAWIS G. P. ENGELHARDT Vice-President Central Museum J. R. p—E ta TORRE-BUENO EASTERN PARKWAY Recording Secretary Librarian J. BEQUAERT ELMER McDEVITT Corresponding Secretary Curator HOWARD NOTMAN A. C. WEEKS Honorary Curator GEORGE FRANCK Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences HOWARD NOTMAN CONTENTS VESTIGIAL ~ PREOMEDROSIS' VIN “ROLISTES PACERS: BG rt oc Wee Re Ra roe cas cera Oa nea cg tec oa Cee a 73 “SYNONYM YUN CB DEA WA ldrichyt 0,50) ene) a 80 TWO NEW SPECIBSSOF CANDACADERIAS Drakes... se aeeeee 81 EVERGESTIS SP RAMINALTS /Ginttendent2 oe.) ee ae ene eee eee 84 NOTICE, TO" SUBSGCRIBERSE Ayla so We colcak eis eieve coe eee 84 TERMINAL ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF FEMALE MAS- TOTERMES DARWINENSIS COMPARED TO PERIPLA-— INJ EIR AY ACM Ral @ AGN AW Crarintons ieee me oe eae netee eee 85 AMBLYSCIRTES VIALIS—A CORRECTION, Belli.) 30... e2neeeer 93 TRICHOREREPS Wl NULTNGINENVietss and soften ..e ieee 94 NEW LONGICORN BEETLE FROM THE CATSKILL MTS,, UBD Fei iakyiiiyasee sty eee ecg ves ala avn a MIRE a ae ay ese Nev gal tana ea 97 RECENT PUBLICATIONS IN TROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Beqtiaentrsts hice Sere eapiceht ch tak © Ay NE Sen Oi aca Ans 99 A NEW N. AM. NOTONECTA, Bueno and Hussey............... 104 EX GC ELAIN GI Sieh AURAL 8 IT Es TCT Te Ue Ae Ue ee 108 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $1.50 per year; foreign, $1.75 in advance; single copies 35 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Au- thors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, tr North Broadway, White Plains, N. Y. BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY JULY, 1923 No. 3 VoL. XVIII VESTIGIAL PLEOMETROSIS IN THE NORTH AMERI- CAN POLISTES PALLIPES LEPELETIER. By J. Beguarert, New York, N. Y. In the October-December, 1919, issue of this BULLETIN my esteemed friend, Mr. Wm. T. Davis, has published some observa- tions of the common American social wasps, a most welcome addi- tion to the scanty literature of the subject in America. Among other interesting points, he relates several cases in which two, three, or four queens of the common Eastern Polistes pallipes Lepeletier (= metrica Say; variatus Say) had worked together in establish- ing a new colony, though in this as in other species of Polistes each queen as a rule starts her nest alone. The founding of a new colony among social Hymenoptera by two or more fecundated females is nowadays usually called “ pleo- metrosis,’ following Wasmann’s terminology. When it occurs among strictly monogynous wasps, as with Polistes, it is well worthy of careful investigation, since it evidently is then one of those vestigial instincts whose study is of great value for a proper understanding of the evolution of animal behavior (Wheeler, 1908). During the spring and summer of 1918, Mr. John Treadwell Nichols, Curator of Ichthyology at the American Museum of Nat- ural History, observed the nesting habits of Polistes pallipes, and he has very kindly communicated his notes to me for publication. The several nests found by him and described below were all located under boards in a grassy field at Mastic, Long Island, N. Y. 1. A first group of three Polistes nests was found on May 12 under one of the boards. The weather being foggy and cold, the 73 74 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII mother wasps were clinging around the pedicel of their respective nests and could be captured without difficulty. All three nests had been recently started. The first was about 8 mm. in diameter and consisted of five cells of the usual width, but only about 5 mm. high, each containing an egg placed vertically in the bottom; it was attended by one female. The second, also occupied by one female wasp, measured about 11 mm. in diameter, consisting of seven cells not over 6 mm. high and each with an egg. The third nest, however, was considerably larger than its neighbors, reaching 14 mm. in diameter, with eleven cells, each with its egg, the central cell 8 mm. high; two queen wasps were found on this nest, which fact probably accounts for the larger size of the structure. 2. Another group of four Polistes nests was discovered under another board in the same field on May 19. At my suggestion, these nests were left with their inhabitants, their condition being noted from time to time by Mr. Nichols, with a view of ascertain- ing whether the presence of more than one queen is really of some advantage to the progress of the community. The history of each of these four nests is as follows: Nest (a) consisted on May 19 of ten cells and was occupied by two queens, each cell containing an egg. On May 27, fourteen cells. On June 8, seventeen cells, some with rather large larvae. On June 22, nineteen cells, one of them closed above the full- grown larva. On June 29 the nest was in much the same condi- tion, but it had fallen to the ground and only one of the queens was present. It was not observed after that date. Nest (0) on May 19 of eight cells, attended by one female. On May 27, eleven cells with eggs or very small larvae, and a twelfth cell just started. This nest was not further observed. Nest (¢) on May 19 of seventeen cells, with two females. On May 27, nineteen cells. On June 22, nineteen cells with eggs or very young larvae, the two queens still present. On June 29, twenty cells with larvae, two queens. On July 16, some of the cells were sealed above full-grown larvae; two queens present. On August 19, many of the cells were sealed up and, in addition to the two mother wasps, five newly hatched workers were present. This nest was taken home at that date and a number of males were bred from it at the end of August. eine June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 75 Nest (d) on May 19 of eight or nine cells, with one female. On May 27, fourteen cells. On June 8, nineteen cells, some with rather large larvae. On June 22, twenty-one cells, two in the cen- ter being closed with a cap and one of them empty; a newly hatched worker was found on the nest together with the queen. On June 29 the nest was in much the same condition and it was not observed after that date. The advantages gained by the presence of two mother wasps in one colony are not very striking in these cases, but the observations are too fragmentary to warrant any conclusion. It would be ex- tremely interesting to have such experiments repeated on a much larger number of colonies and over several successive years, so a3 to eliminate the possible influence of seasonal conditions. At any rate, Mr. Nichols’ observations tend to show that pleometrosis must be of rather common occurrence with Polistes pallipes. Yet this way of starting a new colony has been but rarely mentioned in this species, perhaps because most observers did not deem the fact worth noticing. In addition to Mr. Davis’ observations men- tioned above (1919), I have only been able to find the following remark by G. and E. Peckham (1898, p. 177): “ We have, in several instances, seen two or three queens of our Polistes fusca * join together and utilize a nest of the preceding vear, each one clearing up three or four cells wherein to start her colony, while close by other queens were starting new nests, each building one for herself, being unable to find anything that suited her among the numerous old ones that hung about the place.” In connection with this remark, I want to point out that in all of Mr. Nichols’ observations two queens were associated in building new nests afresh and not in appropriating old ones. Miss Enteman (1902, p. 340, footnote; and 1904, pp. 17-19), in Illinois, also observed that two and even three females of Polistes variatus Cresson, a color form of P. pallipes, cooperated in the founding of a nest; she describes in detail the color variation of the offspring of two nests, each founded by two queens. The starting of a new nest by two or several females has re- ‘ This name probably refers to one of the forms of P. pallipes epeletier.. [-J..B:] 76 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII peatedly been observed in other, exotic members of the genus Polistes, though always as an exception. Concerning the common European species, Polistes gallicus (Linnaeus), C. T. v. Siebold (1871) states that in four years’ observations he found among several hundreds of nests in southern Germany only two colonies with two queens each. P. Marchal (1896, p. 21) observed even three and four queens on some nests. Janet (1903, p. 65) and ~ C. Schmitt (1919, p. 117) have recorded further instances of pleometrosis in this wasp. Ina very interesting case, described by Ferton (1901, pp. 128-129), the females of eight nests of this Polistes were apparently mixed, so that they would go indifferently from one nest to another. Of the South American Polistes versi- color Fabricius, H. von Ihering (1896) says that in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, he repeatedly found in the spring a female together with workers on a newly started nest. I believe that these, too, were cases of pleometrosis, since in the tropical Polistes it 1s often hardly possible to distinguish externally workers from fertile fe- males, and in some of the species it is even doubtful whether a differentiated worker caste is present. Pleometrosis has also been recorded by P. and N. Rau (1918, pp. 286-288) for the large North American Polistes annularis (Linnaeus). Near St. Louis, Missouri, they found on one occa- sion in the spring several females of this wasp congregating on old nests, as many as 16 being seen clustering on one nest. I doubt, however, whether these wasps intended starting new colo- nies in that manner ; but in the vicinity of these old nests the Raus also observed four new ones, one of these with one queen, one with two, and two with four queens. The term “ pleometrosis’’ used in the title of this note was originally defined by Wasmann (1910) as “the occurrence of several queen ants of the same species or race in one colony.” It can, however, be conveniently extended to other social Hymenop- tera and is then the equivalent of “ polygyny.” Reuter (1913) and Roubaud (1916) have called “ polygyny ”’ a condition where several fertile females are present in one colony of wasps, regard- less of the manner in which the nest originated, there usually being in‘such cases no morphological nor physiological differentiation into castes. In monogynous wasp societies, on the other hand, but a June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 77 single queen is found in each nest, since there is a difference in structure, or in function, or in both between the fertile females and the worker caste.t. Polygynous insect societies need not of neces- sity be founded by several fertile females, as is shown by the African wasps of the genus Belonogaster, in which there are appar- ently no true workers, all the females of the nest being externally alike and physiologically equal, capable of being fecundated and of producing mature eggs. Yet in Belonogaster a new nest is, as a rule, started by an isolated female, though often two or more queens may associate to found a new society: the single female who started the colony is then joined by other, foreign females at an early period in the construction of the nest; new nests may even originate through swarming, a number of fecundated females leav- ing together an old nest in order to start a new one (Roubaud, 1916). Wasmann distinguishes between primary pleometrosis, in which two or more females of the same species or race unite to found a new colony, and secondary pleometrosis. This latter condition may arise either through inbreeding of queens newly hatched in the colony and fecundated in or near the nest; or through subse- quent adoption of foreign queens from other colonies of the same species or race; or again through fusion of several neighboring colonies. ; The known methods by which a new colony may arise among social Hymenoptera can all be grouped under one of the following three headings (see Crawley and Donisthorpe, 1913) : (1) Haplometrosis (Wasmann) : a single fecundated female, or queen, seeks a suitable shelter, starts a nest, and raises a new brood of workers alone. This is by far the most common method among the Formicidae, where the female, after the marriage flight, drops her wings, retires into hiding, and founds a new formicary. It is also the rule among many monogynous social bees (Bombus) and wasps (Vespa, Polistes, etc.). 1 The terms “ polygyny ” and “ monogyny,” as applied to social insects, were proposed by Reuter (1913) to replace those of “polygamy ” and “monogamy ” used with a similar meaning by R. and H. von Ihering. Reuter’s terminology is evidently more appropriate and less misleading. 78 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII (2) Primary pleometrosis: two or several fecundated females start a new colony together. «A number of such cases have been described among ants (Wheeler, 1917), but with these insects they are exceptional, and in most cases such formicaries become later monogynous again; one of the queens kills the others, or the col- ony divides up into two or more societies each with its own queen. It is, however, of rather common occurrence with many of the tropical social Vespidae of the subfamily Polybiinae (Epiponinae), where new colonies are often started by swarms of females and workers leaving the old nest. The honey-bees (Apis) and the Meliponidae also found new communities through swarming, but the procedure in this case is somewhat intermediate between haplometrosis and pleometrosis. Though in these social bees each new colony is, as a rule, founded by a single fecundated queen, she is nevertheless accompanied in the swarm by a detachment of workers, or sterile females, who help considerably in establishing the new hive. It would thus seem that swarming is a primitive habit of social Hymenoptera and dates back from a time when there was as yet no differentiation into castes and pleometrosis was the rule. Among tropical social bees, — owing to favorable climatic conditions permitting perennial colo- nies, Swarming was retained and even used to new ends after a worker caste had been developed. (3) Allometrosis (Forel): the female seeks a nest of another species and succeeds in being adopted by this strange colony, whose members bring up her brood. Such cases of social parasitism are thus far only known among ants: they may be temporary, the host colony dying out in course of time after the host queen has been eliminated, so that a pure colony of the intruding female remains; or permanent, the mixed character of the colony being kept up, this condition also presenting various modifications. I am much in favor of H. von Ihering’s and Roubaud’s opinion that, among the Vespidae at least, the evolution of solitary into social instincts did not proceed from the habit commonly observed in many solitary wasps of building their nests in close proximity, the isolated nests of different females thus tending to merge grad- ually, so to speak, into larger, common structures cared for by vein June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 79 several females; but that it was rather the outcome of a tendency of the young wasps to stay with their mother upon emerging from the nest (see also Wheeler, 1922, XV, p. 131). These primitive polygynous societies, upon becoming more populous, tended to divide by pleometrosis, the haplometrotic or monogynous condition being much more specialized and of a later date. In true solitary Vespidae (Eumeninae and Zethinae), each mother wasp cares alone for her nest: in the immense majority of species the egg is laid, the food for the young stored, and the cell closed up in a very short time, and the mother rarely, if ever, comes in contact with any of her offspring. Only when certain forms took to nursing, or to provisioning their cells gradually, bringing in prey as the growth of the larva progressed, was an opportunity given to the building up of family groups where the newly hatched offspring could be induced to remain with their mother and codperate in keeping up the care of the nest. Along the evolutionary road which led from these crude associations to the complicated societies of some of the present-day species the splitting up of a colony into new social units through pleometrotic swarming must have been an important milestone. For this reason it is worth while to investi- gate whatever vestiges of pleometrosis may be left in the behavior of the present haplometrotic species. LITERATURE CITED. Crawley, W. C., and Donisthorpe, H. 1913. The founding of colonies by queen ants. Trans. 2d Congr. Entom. Oxford (1912), II, pp. 11-77. Davis, Wm. T. 1919. A remarkable nest of Vespa maculata, with notes on some other wasps. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., XIV, pp. 119-123, Pl. I. Enteman, M. M. 1902. Some observations on the behavior of the social wasps. Popular Science Monthly, LXI, pp. 339- Sad — 1904. Coloration in Polistes. Carnegie Institution of Wash- ington, Publ. No. 19, pp. 1-88, Pls. I-VI. Ferton, C. 1901. Notes détachées sur l’instinct des Hyménop- — téres melliféres et ravisseurs (lére série). Ann. Soc. Ent. France, LXX, 1, pp. 83-148, Pls. I-III. Ihering, H. von. 1896. Zur Biologie der sozialen Wespen Bra- siliens. Zoolog. Anzeiger, XIX, pp. 449-453. 80 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII Janet, C. 1903. Observations sur les guépes. Paris, pp. 1-85. Marchal, P. 1896. Observations sur les Polistes. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, X XI, pp. 15-21. Peckham, G., and Peckham, E. 1898. On the instincts and hab- its of the solitary wasps. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv., Sc. Ser. No. 1, Bull. No. 2, pp. 1-245, Pls. I-XIV. Rau, P., and Rau, N. 1918. Wasp studies afield. Princeton, pp. 1-372. Reuter, O. M. 1913. JLebensgewohnheiten und Instinkte der Insekten bis zum Erwachen der sozialen Instinkte. Berlin, pp. 1-448. Roubaud, E. 1916. Recherches biologiques sur les gueépes soli- taires et sociales d’Afrique. Ann. Sc. Nat., Zool., (10), I, 1, pp. 1-160. Schmitt, C. 1919. Beitrage zur Biologie der Feldwespe (Po- listes gallicus L.) Zeitschr. Wiss. Insektenbiol., XV, 1919, pp. 112-118; 1920, pp. 146-161. Siebold, C. T. von. 1871. Beitrage zur Parthenogenesis der Arthropoden. Leipzig, pp. 1-238, Pls. I-II. Wasmann, E. 1910. Beitrage zur sozialen Parasitismus und den Sklaverei bei den Ameisen. Biolog. Centralbl., XXX, pp. 453-464, 475-496, 515-524. Wheeler, W. M. 1908. Vestigial instincts in insects and other animals. American Journ. Psychology, XIX, pp. 1-13. — 1917. The pleometrosis of Myrmecocystus. Psyche, XXIV, pp. 180-182. — 1922. Social life among the insects. Scientific Monthly, XIV, pp. 497-524; XV, pp. 68-88, 119-131, 235-256, 320- 337, 385-404. Synonymy in the Genus Cetema (Diptera)—I can confirm from examination of the Loew type at Harvard and Becker’s type in Professor Melander’s collection the synonymy given on page 33 of your February number. I informed Mr. Malloch of the results of my type examinations some six years ago.—J. M. ALprRIcH, National Museum, Washington, D. C. Ul June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 81 TWO NEW SPECIES OF CANTACADERIA ' (HEMIP.-TINGITIDAE). By Cart J. Drake, Ames, Iowa. Cantacader gounellei n. sp. (Fig. 1, Dorsal aspect.) Head rugose, very long with four (two on each side) blunt, moderately long, semi-erect spines. Bucculae very long, com- posed mostly of three rows of cells, meeting a little in front of the head. Rostrum extremely long, reaching to the sixth ventral segment of the abdomen. Pronotum considerably and transversely swollen a little back of the middle, narrowed in front, roundly excavated at the posterior margin, with five carinae, the lateral carinae uniseriate and slightly diverging posteriorly; median carina straight, uniseriate, except at the rather highly arched place (on the raised portion of pronotum) biseriate. Antennae rather long and slender, the third seg- ment slightly more than three times the length of the fourth. Elytra extremely large and very widely expanded; costal area narrow, uniseriate, the areolae a little larger than those of the subcostal area; subcostal area broad, composed of a number of somewhat irregular rows of areolae, the latter about equal in size to those of discoidal and sutural areas; discoidal area large, very long, nearly three-fourths the length of the elytra, with a distinctly raised and prominent median nervure, the latter giving off two or three rather prominent lateral branches on each side; sutural area moderately large, the areolae a little more regular than those of subcostal area; clavus distinctly marked off, triangular, moderately large. Wings a little longer than the abdomen. Length, 6.4 mm.; width, 3.6 mm. General color yellowish brown, the elytra irregularly suf- fused with brown and fuscous and with a fairly distinct, trans- verse fuscous fascia extending on each side from the clavus to the lateral margin. Legs yellowish brown, each femur with a broad brown or fuscous band near the tip. Antennae yellow- ish brown, the tip of the fourth segment fuscous. Body be- neath dark reddish brown. The very large size, broadly expanded elytra, uniseriate costal area, and extremely long rostrum readily separate this species from C. tingidoides (Spinola) or C. germaini Signoret. 1 Contributions from the Department of Zoology and Ento- mology, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Cantacader gounellei n. sp. TenG, 1 June,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 83 Type taken at Novo Friburgo, a small town about 60 miles north- east of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by E. Gounelle, March 2, 1903, in my collection. The genus Cantacader of Amyot et Serville, Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Hemipteres, 1843, p. 299, has been represented hereto- fore in South America by two described species, C. germainii Signoret and C. tingidoides (Spinola) from Chile. Cantacader chilinesis Reed (Drake, Florida Entomologist, Vol. V, 1922, p. 50) belongs to the genus Teleonemia of Stal. The neotropical species of Cantacader differ from the palaearctic and oriental species in having the pronotum not produced behind so as to cover the scu- tellum completely. Cantacader magnifica n. sp. Head very long, moderately rugose, armed with four blunt, stout, semi-erect spines. The anterior pair distinctly longer than the posterior. Bucculae very long, narrow, projecting a little in front of the head, open in front, the marginal row of cells considerably larger than the others. Eyes prominent, coarsely granulate. Rostrum extremely long, reaching almost to the male genital segment. Antenniferous tubercles large, prominent, blunt and slightly curved inwardly; first antennal segment moderately enlarged, a little longer and thicker than the second; third and fourth segments wanting. Pronotum coarsely punctate, strongly and transversely swollen through the disc, with four carinae, the lateral carinae slightly divari- cating posteriorly; each carina thick, distinctly raised and without distinct areolae, except the median in front. Pro- notum moderately produced behind, completely covering the scutellum, with two moderately deep and broadly rounded ex- cavations on each side; deeply and broadly and roundly ex- cavated in front. Paranota broad, thick, slightly reflexed, more broadly expanded in front than behind, with six or seven rows of areolae in front and only one on the posterior portion. Elytra extremely large, very widely expanded, con- siderably longer and» very much broader than the abdomen; costal area uniseriate throughout, the areolae slightly larger than those of the subcostal area; subcostal area extremely broad, composed of about 16 or 18 rows of areolae at its nar- rowest part, the areolae about equal in size but not arranged in definite rows; discoidal area large, extremely long, reaching almost to the end of the abdomen, with a distinctly raised and 84 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII prominent median nervure, the latter giving off two or three costate lateral branches on each side; sutural area moderately large and the clavus distinctly marked off. The wings a little shorter than the abdomen. Length, 7.72 mm.; width, 4.3 mm. General color dark yellowish brown, the elytra slightly suf- fused here and there with yellow. Pronotum brown. Body beneath brownish, the venter much darkened along the middle. Type, male, from Perak, Malacca, Malay Peninsula, in my col- lection. In general appearance this species very closely resembles C. gounellei n. sp., but may be readily separated from it by the larger size, the exposed scutellum, and the differently shaped para- nota and posterior margin of the pronotum. NOTE ON EVERGESTIS STRAMINALIS HUBN. Since the publication of Bulletin 868, U. S. D. A., on the Euro- pean horseradish webworm, by which name this species 1s known, Mr. Neale F. Howard has reported its occurrence at Green Bay, Wis., where larvae were found fairly common August 15, 1915, in all stages. During the last week of June, 1921, the larvae oc- curred sparingly at Arlington, Va., where most of the observations recorded in the bulletin were made, although many leaves showed where larval attack had occurred. It is noticeable that young and tender leaves are largely protected by outer leaves. Several species of birds have been noted frequently in the vicinity of infested horseradish patches, and although absolute evidence was not ob- tained, it is more than probable that larvae are captured because of the scarcity of the latter. Of birds observed, the song sparrow and catbird were most abundant, running along between rows, and the former was frequently seen going under the plants. F. H. CaittenDEN, Washington, D. C. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. The April number was mailed cn May 24, 1923. If you have not received it, write us at once. June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 85 A COMPARISON OF THE TERMINAL ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF AN ADULT ALATE FEMALE OF THE PRIMITIVE TERMITE MASTOTERMES DAR- WINENSIS WITH THOSE OF THE ROACH PERI- PLANETA AMERICANA.* By G. C. Crampton, Pu.D., Amherst, Mass. Through the kindness of Dr. Tillyard, I was able to describe and figure the terminal abdominal structures of an adult alate male and female Mastotermes, as well as the ovipositor of the soldier caste of this intensely interesting termite (Crampton, 1920), but since I was allowed to retain only one alate specimen, I preferred to keep it intact for future study, instead of risking injuring it irreparably in attempting to force apart the plates at the tip of the abdomen to see what might lie beneath them, so that only the external features were figured in the earlier paper on Mastotermes. Recently, however, my curiosity got the better of me, and upon forcing down the terminal ventral plate of my specimen (which unfortunately necessitated tearing its basal connection to some ex- tent) I was delighted to find hidden beneath the “ hypogynum ” (hg of Fig. 2) a fully formed ovipositor composed of three pairs of well-developed valves—a thing never before found in any winged termite, so far as I am aware! The parts at the base of the ovipositor of the specimen from which the accompanying drawing was made were much shrunken, and since I have not been able to examine a specimen in which the parts are more normal, and since I did not wish to do more dam- age to my only specimen than was absolutely necessary to expose the ovipostor sufficiently to examine and sketch the parts without dissecting them out, the accompanying figure of the ovipostor of Mastotermes is not as accurately detailed as I am hoping to figure the parts of an alate female, when I can obtain more material for dissection and study. The ovipositor of Mastotermes, however, is . such a unique structure, and this termite is of such great phylo- genetic importance, that I have ventured to present the main fea- * Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Mas- sachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. PY 7 . Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII tures of the ovipositor, leaving the more detailed description until material for dissection is available. The terminal abdominal structures of an adult female roach (Fig. 1) are somewhat more primitive than those of the adult female of Mastotermes (Fig. 2), so that it is preferable to define the parts in the roach before taking up the comparison of the parts in the two insects. As has been shown by Wood-Mason, 1879, Walker, 1919-1922, and others, the ovipositor of immature female roaches is much more like that of the primitive Apterygotan Machilis in character than is true of the ovipositor of an adult female roach. In the immature roaches, the limbs of the ninth abdominal segment (which form the dorsal and inner valvulae of the ovipositor ) consist of the following parts : A short, broad coxite, homologous with the protopodite of a biramous Crustacean pleo- pod, forms one of the dorsal valves of the ovipositor, and bears at its tip a stylus which represents the exopodite of a Crustacean limb, while the endopodite of the limb is represented by the inner valve of the ovipositor. When the roach becomes adult, the stylus becomes lost, and the coxite which bore it becomes elongated to form the slender dorsal valve, or dorsovalvula dv of Fig. 1 (alse called the lateral gonapophysis). The inner valve becomes the intervalvula iv of Fig. 1 (also called posterior gonapophysis), while the antero-lateral portions of the ninth sternite become some- what displaced and form the plates termed the valvifers by Crampton, 1917. The ventral valvulae or ventrovalvulae vv of Fig. 1 (also called anterior gonapophyses) probably represent the endopodites of the limbs of the eighth abdominal segment. The styli of these limbs are not present in immature roaches. The coxites of the limbs of the eighth abdominal segment are probably represented by the basal plates of the ventral valvulae called the basivalvulae by Crampton, 1917. As was mentioned above, the ovipositor of the adult female roach (Fig. 1) consists of a pair of dorsal valvulae dv, a pair of inter- mediate valvulae tv, and a pair of ventral valvulae vv, of which the dorsal and intermediate valvulae belong to the ninth abdominal segment, while the ventral valvulae belong to the eighth abnormal segment. Similarly, in the adult alate female of Mastotermes PR ten ee ee June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 87 (Fig. 2) there is a pair of dorsal valvulae dv, a pair of inter- mediate valvulae iv, and a pair of ventral valvulae vv, which are extremely like those of the roach, and clearly indicate that the Isoptera are very closely related to the Blattids, as is also shown, by many other characters such as the nature of the wings of Mastotermes, the character of the cervical sclerites, etc. In the female roach (Fig. 1) there is a modified portion of the eighth abdominal sternite sg (called the subgenitale by Crampton, 1917) situated below the genital aperture. A similar structure occurs in the Mantids, but I could not detect any traces of it in my specimen of Mastotermes without tearing the parts more than I care to do at this time. The subgenitale sg of Fig. 1 becomes the subgenital plate ete i: eighth sternite) in Orthoptera, Phasmids, etc. In the Isoptera, Blattids, and Mantids (1.e., the insects belonging to the superorder Panisoptera) the seventh sternite becomes elon- gated posteriorly to form a subgenital valve or hypogynum hg of Figs. 1 and 2, which partly conceals the ovipositor in Mantids, and completely hides the ovipositor in most Blattids and such termites as have an ovipositor. - I do not know what function this structure has in Mastotermes, but in the roach shown in Fig. 1 the inner walls of the hypogynum hg form the lining of an oothecal cavity in which the ootheca is carried about by the mother roach for a period, and the membranous lining of the distal portion of the hypogynum, in particular, serves to protect the egg capsule until the walls of the ootheca become hardened. It is probable that in Blattids, Mantids, and Isoptera the hypogynum forms a genital cavity functioning in the process of mating. In the roach shown in Fig. 1 the hypogynum is divided into a basal region or basi- hypogynum big, and a distal region or distihypogynum dig, the latter being partly divided by a longitudinal cleft into two lobes connected by a portion of the distihypogynal membrane. During the period of carrying the ootheca the distihypogynal membrane becomes distended (as is also true of the general membrane in the region of the ovipostor), and plays an important role in protecting the ootheca, as was mentioned above. ' The paraprocts pa, or parapodial plates of the termite shown in 88 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. Vol. XVII Fig. 2, are quite like the paraprocts pa of the roach shown in Fig. 1; but the cerci ce of the termite are not as well developed as those of the roach. Certain termites, such as Architermopsis, however, have quite large and well-developed cerci. In this connection, I would call attention to the fact that certain sawflies have long slender cerci quite suggestive of those of Architermopsis, as 1 hope to show in a subsequent paper dealing with the anatomy of the sawflies. In the Isoptera and Blattids the epiproct ep (Figs. 1 and 2) is largely formed by the tenth tergite, and in the Mantids also the tenth tergite is large (and the eleventh tergite becomes greatly reduced and is largely concealed by the tenth). I am not sure that the posterior portion of the plate labeled ep in Fig. 1 is not the representative of the eleventh tergite, but I have provisionally interpreted it as a posterior portion of the tenth tergite. The ninth and eighth tergites labeled 8' and 9 in Fig. 1 are greatly narrowed in the roach there depicted, but in other roaches they are a little broader. In the absence of a marked reduction or narrowing of these tergites in the Isoptera, the latter resemble the Phasmids and Orthoptera in some respects. Taking the terminal structures in general, Mastotermes resem- bles the Blattids more than any other insects, and in connection with other features such as the venation of the wings, the char- acter of the cervical sclerites, etc., a study of the ovipostor, hy- pogynum, etc., in Mastotermes, would materially strengthen the view that the Isoptera are more closely related to the Blattids than to any other living insects, and likewise indicates that the super- order Panisoptera (composed of the Blattids, Mantids, Isoptera, etc.) is a natural one. In some respects, the Dermaptera bear a marked resemblance to the members of this superorder, but for the present, at least, I would leave the Dermaptera in the superorder Panorthoptera (including the Orthoptera, s. str., the Phasmids, Gice)s The study of the structures present in Mastotermes is of prime importance, since it is one of the most primitive representatives of the order Isoptera, and the Isoptera are in many respects the nearest living representatives of the Protorthoptera-like ancestors a June,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 89 of the Psocids (including the Zoraptera) and the Hymenoptera (with their holometabolous allies). In this connection, it should be noted that organisms are not equally primitive or equally special- ized in all parts of their bodies (7.e., an individual may be heter- archaic or heterocaenic in different parts of its body) and on this account it is not safe to use one set of features in attempting to determine the ancestry of insects in general. Thus the presence in all known Isoptera of a laterosternite, or lateral plate of the sternal region of the meso- and metathorax (which is found in many im- mature Ephemerids, Plecoptera, and other primitive insects, as well as in the adults of the Embiids, Dermaptera, Grylloblattids, etc.), while no known Blattid has retained this plate in its primitive con- dition, would preclude deriving the Isoptera directly from the Blattids as Handlirsch, 1921, has done; and this, together with many other features, clearly indicates that the Isoptera are de- scended from types ancestral to the Blattids (such as the Proto- blattids) or the common Protoblattid-Protorthopteran stock called the Prodictyoptera. In fact, as I have pointéd out in a recent paper (Crampton, 1922). the wings of the primitive Isoptera, such as Mastotermes, partake of both Protoblattid and Protorthopterous characters, and hence the Isoptera were probably descended from the common Protoblattid-Protorthopteran stock (i.e., the Pro- dictyoptera), from which the Blattids and Mantids were also derived. In the paper describing the ovipositor of the mature female of the soldier caste of Mastotermes (Crampton, 1920) I emphasized the fact that the ovipositor of this mature termite resembled the Ovipositor of an immature female roach in that the styli were pres- ent in both, and the coxites of the ninth abdominal segment were short and broad in both. These features are a retention of the primitive condition of the coxites and styli exhibited by such ar- chaic Apterygota as Machilis. The ovipositor of an adult alate female of Mastotermes is like the ovipositor of an adult roach, but the ovipositor of an adult (or mature) female or worker of Masto- termes is like the ovipostor of an immature roach, so that the con- dition occurring in the ovipositor of the mature soldier or worker termite may be regarded as an arrested primitive infantilism (archi- 90 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII paedism) carried over into, or retained by, the mature stages of the insect. Why the soldier and worker caste should exhibit this “primitive infantilism” (archipaedism), while the alate adult fe- male does not, is not apparent, unless the worker and soldier castes represent stages more primitive than the alate females do—a con- clusion to which few entomologists would subscribe! The tendency nowadays is to attribute to “convergence” (sup- posedly the result of the operation of similar environmental con- ditions) many of the resemblances between the different orders of insects, which, in some cases at least, are really the result of the operation of the same factors inherited from a common source. Despite the protests of Mr. Bryan and the Oklahoma legislature, most scientists, I believe,-will attribute the close resemblance be- tween man and the higher apes, for example, to the presence in both of a great number of factors (genes or determinants) in- herited from a common source. Man and the lemurs have fewer factors in common, and hence resemble each other more remotely. Man and the rest of the mammals have still fewer factors in com- mon, and hence resemble each still more remotely, and so on, “ad infinitum.” The vertebrates all bear a certain fundamental re- semblance to each other, due to the retention in all of them of certain factors (genes or determinants) in common, and similarly, the arthropods resemble each other in their fundamental features due to the presence in all of them of certain factors which they all inherited in common. Now, if all arthropods can inherit some factors from a common ancestry, why can not several orders of insects descended from a common source inherit a number of fac- tors (genes or determinants) in common, from their common an- cestry, and why is it not reasonable to suppose that the presence of certain factors in common (inherited from a common source) in two or more orders of insects descended from the same ancestral group, will cause the derived orders to parallel each other rather closely in certain of their evolutionary tendencies? I can see no objection to this view, and it appears to me that the closeness of the parallelism in the two orders in question will be in direct pro- portion to the numbers of factors they have inherited in common. Resemblances resulting from such a “ parallelism” due to the in- June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 91 heritance of certain factors in common by two groups of animals (i.e., euparallelism or homogenic parallelism) represent true ho- mologies, and are hence to be distinguished from superficial re- semblances due to “ convergence” or “ parallelism” in the usual sense of the word, since the latter resemblances are more of the nature of “analogies.” I believe that the tendency to develope social habits exhibited by certain Isoptera, Hymenoptera, Psocids, etc., is a case of euparallelism (or homogenic parallelism) due to the operation of certain factors (genes or what-not) inherited from a common Protorthopteroid ancestry, and I also believe that many cases of resemblance now regarded as the result of “ con- vergence ” (i.e., supposedly due to the action of similar environ- mental conditions) are in reality instances of euparallelism (1.e., are due to the operation of factors inherited in common), but since this idea has been developed in another paper (Crampton, 1922,), there is no necessity of discussing it further here. In connection with the preceding discussion of the relationship of the Isoptera to the Orthoptera, the fact that the Grylloblattids are the nearest allies of the Isoptera among the Orthoptera (s. str.), and the fact that the Isoptera serve to connect the Orthoptera (including the Grylloblattids) with the rest of the Blattoid insects (i.e., the Panisoptera) in many respects should have been more strongly emphasized. Among the Orthopteroid insects (Panorth- optera) the Phasmids are very closely allied to the Grylloblattids (i.c., in the nature of their head capsule, tarsi, tergal plates, and terminal structures) and the Phasmids are somewhat nearer the Mantids among the Panisoptera than they are to the Isoptera. Thus the Isoptera are not the only important forms among the Blattid-like insects (Panisoptera) which approach the Protorthop- terous ancestors of the Orthoptera, but they have retained many features suggestive of these ancestors of the Orthoptera (as well as the ancestors of the Psocids and even the Hymenoptera and their allies), so that a study of the Isoptera is of considerable interest from the standpoint of phylogeny, and more attention should be given them in this respect than has hitherto been ac- corded them. 92 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII BIBLIOGRAPHY. Chopard. 1920. Recherches sur la conformation etc. des der- -niers segments abdominaux chez les Orthopteres. Thesis, Paris. Crampton. 1917. Phylogenetic study of the terminal abdominal segments, etc. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 25, p. 225. Crampton. 1920. Terminal abdominal structures of the primi- tive Australian termite Mastotermes. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lon- don, 1920, p. 137. Crampton. 1922,. Evidences of relationship indicated by the venation of the fore wings of certain insects, etc. Psyche, 29 pa Zor Crampton. 1922,. Relationships indicated by the wings of in- sects, Can: Ent, 1922)"p..-206: Crampton. 1923. Phylogenetic study of maxillae of insects. Jotie, IN WG eins Sae: Miall. 1886. The Cockroach (Miall and Denny). Walker. 1919. Terminal abdominal structures of Orthopteroid insects. Ann, Ent. Soc. America, 12; p. 267; also, 15jypu Wood-Mason. 1879. Morphological notes on origin of insects. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 145. ABBREVIATIONS. 7*, 8, 9', etc. .Tergites of the seventh, eighth, and ninth abdominal segments. 7 es ees ee Sternite of the seventh abdominal segment. DIL ti ene Basal region of hypogynum (basihypogynum). CO ae ale 6 eee Cercus. GUIGIN codeine Distal region of hypogynum (distihypogynum). (Ob aay 3 aa eee Dorsal valves of ovipositor (dorsovalvulae), also called lateral gonapophyses. EPar ime noeae oye ie Epiproct or pygidium. oper hein Nee Seventh sternite prolonged beneath ovipositor (hy- pogynum). June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 93 LS SRY Oey aE Be Intermediate valves of ovipositor (intervalvulae), also called posterior gonapophyses. (1 SAD Go PR Paraprocts or parapodial plates. i GI eee Eighth sternite or subgenitale, which forms sub- genital plate in Orthoptera. a re Spiracle. iOS Ventral valves of ovipositor (ventrovalvulae), also called anterior gonapophyses. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fic. 1. Lateral view of terminal abdominal segments of the roach Periplaneta americana. Fic. 2. Same of the termite Mastotermes darwinensis. A Correction.—The record of Amblyscirtes vialis Edwards in my list of butterflies collected in Florida, March, 1921, BULLETIN xviii, 1, page 27, is incarrect; please substitute in place of same Amblyscirtes alternata Grote and Robinson. In nomenclature this follows Dr. Lindsey in his “ Hesperioidea of America North o} Mexico,’ and not Barnes and McDunnough’s Check List.—E. L. Bercz, Piushine, L.1., N.Y. 94 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII NOTES ON TRICHOTHRIPS ULMI (FAB.): IN NEW JERSEY. By Harry B. WEIss AND Ratpu B. Lort, Highland Park, N. J. Very little appears to be recorded concerning this species of thrips which is common and widely distributed at least in New Jersey. It is a large, black species which is found under the bark of decaying trees, and it also inhabits various polyporoid fungi. The nymphs and pupae are red and the adults black. Usually they occur in colonies of a few to hundreds of individuals. In New Jersey this species, in addition to being found under dead bark, has been observed in the following fungi, all of which belong to the Polyporaceae—Polyporus versicolor, P. gilvus, P. betulinus, P. hirsutus, P. pargamenus, Lenzites betulina, Fomes applanatus, F. lobatus, Daedalia quercina. Sometimes Polyporus versicolor, P. betulinus, and Daedalia quercina are heavily infested. On the whole, however, versicolor and betulinus appear to be the favorite ones. At Monmouth Junction, N. J., on July 21, various stages of this thrips were observed feeding on the ends of the tubes of Fomes lobatus. They were feeding in groups and had kept the tubes from attaining their normal length, with the result that slight de- pressions were apparent wherever the insects had congregated and fed for any length of time. Specimens were also observed feeding on the mycelial filaments on the upper surface of young sporo- phores of Sterium fasciatum. Eggs, early stages, and adults were found throughout the summer. Larvae and adults were observed under bark during the winter months and on warm days were more or less active when disturbed. As early as the last of May eggs were found in Polyporus betulinus together with larvae and adults. The entire fungus was inhabited, but for the most part the insects were found in the tubes in little cavities or chambers. Some cavities contained several nymphs in various stages of development and an adult or two, while attached lightly to the walls were the dirty, yellowish to pearly white comparatively large eggs arranged in rows of five or six. This particular fungus which was the previous year’s sporo- phore was more or less dry, especially the tubes, where most of the ‘Identified by Mr. A. C. Morgan through the courtesy of Dr. L. O. Howard. June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 95 insects were found. Very often the thrips were found in cavities made by other insect enemies of the fungus. At Lakehurst, N. J., on July 6, specimens of Polyporus versicolor were found to con- tain groups or masses of eggs laid in irregular patches, each patch containing two or three hundred eggs. These eggs were laid close together on their sides and occurred on the upper surface of the fungus. Very little regularity in the positions of the eggs was apparent and many single eggs were scattered over the fungus surface. Nymphs and adults were present also. At Monmouth Junction, N. J., on September 6, eggs, all larval stages, pupae and adults were found beneath the bark of a log covered by sporophores of Polyporus versicolor. The eggs oc- curred on the inner surface of the thin layer of bark in irregular patches one-quarter to one-half inch in diameter, each patch being made up of several hundred eggs. When first hatched, the nymphs are whitish and gradually assume their red color. It is not known whether reproduction is bisexual or unisexual. Females were much more plentiful than males. The following descriptions refer to the stages which were found by making collections more or less regularly from May to Septem- ber, and the different stages referred to under prepupa and pupa are preliminary to winged and wingless adults, although breeding work should be done in order to connect them up definitely. Egg: Length 0.45 mm. Width o.15 mm. Pearly white to sordid white. Elongate-oval or elliptical, both ends broadly rounded, sides subparallel tapering slightly to broadly rounded ends. Slightly flattened on one or more sides depending on whether deposited singly or close to others. Mature Larva: Length about 2.7 mm. Width of meta- thorax about 0.5 mm. Body fusiform. Antennae, head and dorsal plates of prothorax and legs light brown. Last two abdominal segments dark brown to blackish. Remainder of dorsal surface mottled with red. Ventral surface lighter red. Antennae seven-segmented, first two short, subcylindrical, third segment longest, remainder diminishing in length to ultimate segment which is shortest of last five. Third, fourth, fifth and sixth antennal segments noticeably widened at distal ends. Head narrow, widening very slightly posteriorly. Pro- thorax trapezoidal, narrow anteriorly, gradually widening pos- teriorly, two-thirds of dorsal surface covered by a chitinous plate which is divided by a light, narrow median line. Meso- thorax trapezoidal, sides gradually widening posteriorly, length 96 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII about the same as that of prothorax. Metathorax little more than one-half as long as mesothorax, widest segment of body, sides arcuate. Abdomen ten segmented, first segment widest, remainder gradually tapering to last two which are subtubular and slightly conical. Each abdominal segment except the last three bearing six fine, dorsal, setae arranged in a transverse row, three on each side of a median line, all arising from minute, blackish tubercles. Last three abdominal segments with longer setae arising from posterior edges of segments. Dorsal setae slightly more numerous on thorax, especially on mesothorax. Legs, head, antennae bearing several short setae. Legs comparatively long. Prepupa and Pupa: Length about 2.8mm. Width of meta- thorax about 0.6 mm. Color and shape somewhat similar to those of mature larva except that first or second abdominal segment is widest and body gradually tapers anteriorly and posteriorly. Fore femora somewhat thickened. Dorsal chiti- nous plates on head and thorax appear to be missing from this stage. Legs, antennae, wing pads and last two abdominal segments whitish. In some specimens antennae are shortened into short, club-like appendages each about as long as the length of the head. These extend forward and outward and. are not laid along the sides of the head. Such specimens appear to be devoid of wing pads. Other specimens bear longer antennae which are laid along sides of head reaching back about two-thirds the length of the head. These speci- mens bear short, somewhat cylindrical wing pads each a little shorter than the length of the metathorax. Still other speci- mens have well-developed, narrow, cylindrical wing pads which are pointed at tips. Those of mesothorax reach to middle of first abdominal segment and those of metathorax reach to middle of the second abdominal segment. In addition another stage was observed as follows: Length about 3.2 mm. Width of abdomen 0.6-0.7 mm. Color reddish except antennae, legs, | wing pads which are whitish or brownish. Spindle shaped, widest at second or third abdominal segment, tapering acutely posteriorly. Head subrectangular, slightly longer than wide. Antennae extending backward along sides of head and reach- ing almost to middle of ventral surface of prothorax. Pro- thorax trapezoidal, sides strongly oblique ; mesothorax shortest of thoracic segments. Fore femora greatly thickened. Wing pads only about as long as metathorax, tubular, tapering to point. They appear to be rudimentary, probably containing the vestiges of wings which are present in wingless adults. Body bearing numerous fine setae which are longest posteriorly. — June,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 97 Adult: This was described by Fabricius in 1781 (Species In- sectorum, Tom. II, p. 396) and his description follows: “Thrips ulmi. “T. nigra, alis niueis ciliatis, ano acuminato. Thrips Cor- ticis nigra, alis hyalinis, niueis barbis longissimis, antennis octonodiis. Degeer Ins. 3.11.3, tab. 1, fig. 8-13. “Thrips elytris albidis, corpore nigra abdominali seta. Geoff. Ins. 1.384.1, tab. 7, fig. 6. “ Habitat in Ulmi corticibus gregaria.” In the Entom. Magazine for 1836, Halliday has the following to say concerning this species, “Inhabits under the bark of old trees feeding on mucor.” According to Mr. A. C. Morgan, this species has been found at Newton, Pa. A NEW LONGICORN BEETLE FROM THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS. By Wa. T. Davis, Staten Island, N. Y. The following described insect resembles an immaculate male of Saperda fayi Bland. It is of the same shape, but is a little larger than any male fayi examined. In their Monograph of the genus Saperda, N. Y. State Museum, Bulletin 74, 1904, Felt and Joutel figure fayi, and give the following characters: Antennae unicol- orous; elytra with spots, rarely unicolorous ; cinnamon brown with a white stripe on each side of the thorax continuing on elytra at humeral angles; the elytra with two white spots, one at the middle, the other near the apex and almost sutural; sides and under surface white ; the spots are more or less obsolete in the male. Process on front and middle tarsal claws slightly developed. On page Io is the statement that “this process is subject to variation as to size and form in individuals of the same species and has been used as a specific character as little as possible.” The differences from fayi are given in the following description : _Saperda shoemakeri n. sp. Type male, collected on apple near Slide Mountain, Catskill Mountains, N. Y., July 10, 1922 (Ernest Shoemaker). Shoe- maker collection. 98 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII Antennae short, nearly unicolorous, the first three joints black, the succeeding joints somewhat paler. Seen from above, head and pronotum cinnamon brown, unicolorous, less hairy than in fay. Elytra nearly unicolorous, blackish cen- trally, dark reddish-brown on the humeral angles and along the outer margins; less hairy than in fayi,; a sutural depression extends from the base about one-fifth of their length, on either side of which is an oblong, tumid, elevation, followed poste- riorly by an oblong depression, which is anterior to the location of the white spots in fayi. Scutellum with the extremity more drawn out than in any fayi examined, where the breadth and length are more nearly equal. Beneath, head and thorax brownish with silvery pubescence at sides; abdomen black, with darker pubescence than on the sides; legs dark with pale pubescence, the first pair almost wholly black ; process on front and middle tarsal claws, as in fayi. Length 7 mm. The writer was at first inclined to describe this insect as a variety of fays, and indeed it may be such, but aside from the differences in color between it and any fayi examined, is the presence of the well-marked depression at the inner base of the elytra and the tumid elevations of the one, and the absence, or very slight indica- tions of the same, in the other. We are under obligations to Mr. Charles W. Leng, Mr. Charles Schaeffer, and also to Mr. Andrew J. Mutchler, of the American Museum of Natural History, for making comparisons with speci- mens in their collections or in those in their charge. June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 99 RECENT PUBLICATIONS ON TROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY. By J. Bequaert, New York, N. Y. The last twenty years have seen the rapid rise of entomology from the subordinate position which the twentieth-century zodlogist had given it to a prominent place among biological sciences, and the recent world-wide disturbances have but emphasized its impor- tance. Yet to the mind of the vast majority of educated persons, even among those who profess to keep abreast of scientific prog- ress, the study of insects is still regarded as little more than a harmless hobby. Not until the white—and yellow—traces are forced, through the migratory impulse of their steadily increasing multitudes, to invade the immense virgin and practically uninhab- ited equatorial areas of the earth can the entomologist truly come into his own. Indeed, the conquest and assimilation of the tropics by civilized man will be a ceaseless struggle against the insect. We are at present witnessing the beginnings of this movement, which is bound to gain in momentum as years go by. The following three publications may well serve to illustrate the growing impor- tance of entomology for the progress of civilization in tropical regions: 1. Les Moustigures. Moerurs ET MoyveENsS DE DESTRUCTION. By E. Hegh. (Imprimerie Industrielle et Financiére, Brussels, 1921.) One volume, small octavo, of 239 pp., with 105 text figures. This pamphlet is a revised and enlarged edition of a booklet published in 1918, at London, by the Colonial Office of the Belgian Government. It aims at furnishing the means by which white settlers in the Belgian Congo may protect themselves from the attacks of disease-transmitting mosquitoes. Two thousand copies have been subscribed for by the Belgian Colonial Office for free distribution to its officials, to missionaries, and to colonists in the Congo, and Mr. Hegh informs me that a large number of them _ have also been ordered by the French, Italian, and Portuguese Colonial Governments. The efforts to teach European settlers in tropical countries how to avoid the dangers of mosquitoes are fully justified, for these insects are undoubtedly the most abundant and most subtle enemies of health. Of the several diseases which they transmit, malaria and yellow fever are the best known, but there are others, such as filariasis, due to minute worms living in the blood-vessels, and 100 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol XVIII dengue fever, a grippe-like infection, that are also very trouble- some in tropical regions. Mr. Hegh points out the part mosquitoes play in infecting man with these various diseases. He then shows briefly the morphology and bionomics of these insects, so as to enable the layman to recognize the most dangerous species, while a knowledge of the habits of the larvae and adults is indispensable if one wants to fight them successfully. The various methods by which this may be accomplished take a considerable portion of the book (pp. 81-190). They include: personal protection against the bites of these insects, indoors as well as outdoors; the suppression of virus carriers through medical treatment and isolation; and the destruction of adult mosquitoes, their larvae and breeding places. Of all these the control or suppression of breeding places give by far the best results, and Mr. Hegh is careful to point out that yellow fever and malaria can actually be eradicated by this method, taking as examples the splendid work accomplished by Dr. Gorgas and his aids in Cuba and Panama. Instructions for collecting and studying mosquitoes, a key to the African species of Anopheles, and a table of their distribution follow. The work concludes with a valuable bibliography. For those who have not time or inclination to read the entire pamphlet, I may mention that on pp. 215-217 Mr. Hegh presents in concise form the best means by which Europeans in tropical and subtropical countries may protect themselves and others against mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. 2. TseETSE-FiLiEsS. THEIR CHARACTERISTICS, DISTRIBUTION AND BIONOMICS, WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF PossIBLE METHODS FOR THEIR Controt. By E. E. Austen and E. Hegh. (The Imperial Bureau of Entomology, London, 1922.) One volume, small oc- tavo, of ix + 188 pp., with 5 plates and I9 text figures. This publication is a revised English edition of a work published by Mr. E. Hegh at London, in 1915, under the title “ Notice sur les Glossines ou Tsétsés,’ which contained a résumé of the life- history and distribution of tsetse-flies. In the present book, how- ever, not only has the information with regard to distribution and bionomics been brought up to date, but Major E. E. Austen, the eminent authority on blood-sucking insects, has added an account of the classification and characteristics of the several species of Glossina. 1 understand that a new French edition of this pam- phlet will be issued shortly by Mr. Hegh. Nowadays this genus of flies is restricted to Africa and south- June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 101 western Arabia, where it is, however, of tremendous importance, since all the species are capable of transmitting one or more of the devastating trypanosome diseases (the so-called trypanosomiases ). One of these, the African human sleeping sickness, causes terrible ravages among native populations, limiting the amount of labor available for agricultural and commercial enterprises. The others, often designated under the collective name of Nagana, affect do- mestic animals; they entirely prevent stock-raising in extensive areas and in some cases compel European colonists to have re- course to mechanical assistance for transport purposes and the operations of clearing and cultivation. After a short general account of the genus Glossina, its distribu- tion and classification (Chapter [), the distinctive characters and geographical distribution of the various species are dealt with at great length (Chapter II). Chapter III is devoted to the repro- duction of these flies, which presents many peculiarities, since it is one of the very rare cases among Diptera where the female, instead of laying eggs, produces at each birth a single full-grown larva which almost immediately changes into a pupa. The breeding places and breeding season are studied in Chapter IV, from which we learn that these are far from being similar for the several species. In Chapter V the interesting problem of the “ fly-belts” is fully discussed, while Chapter VI treats of the distribution of tsetse-flies in the Belgian Congo. Chapter VII deals with some points in the bionomics, such as seasonal migrations, range of flight, traveling habits, resting places, and relative proportion of the sexes. Several chapters (VIII to X) cover the important problem of the food of these flies and the much-mooted question of their relation to smaller animals and to big game. After a study of the effects of external factors (Chapter XI), the means of limiting and de- stroying tsetse-flies are reviewed, including accounts of their pre- daceous enemies and parasites (Chapters XII to XIV). The three following chapters are devoted to practical hints for the study of these Diptera, and the work concludes with a bibliography of 171 titles, the principal publications consulted by the authors. I have thought it worth while to give a rather lengthy account of the contents of this monograph, because it splendidly illustrates the modern method of studying entomology, namely, as a thorough blending of taxonomy and of the study of the individual habits of the insect and its relations to the environment. Perhaps no other single genus has ever before been so completely investigated in 102 Bulletin of the Brookiyn Entomological Society Vol. XVUI these various aspects as Glossina, and for this reason the perusal of Austen and Hegh’s comprehensive account may prove of interest to entomologists even outside Africa. 3. Les TERMITES. PARTIE GENERALE: DEscRIPTION; D1stTRI- BUTION GEOGRAPHIQUE; CLASSIFICATION; BiIoLoGIE; ViE So- CIALE; ALIMENTATION; CONSTRUCTIONS; RAPPORTS AVEC LE Monpe Exrérreur. By E. Hegh. (Imprimerie Industrielle et Financiere, Brussels, 1922.) One volume, small octavo, of 756 pp., with 460 text figures and one map. This profusely and splendidly illustrated volume is a rearranged and much extended reprint in book-form of a series of articles which Mr. E. Hegh contributed to the “ Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge” from 1920 to 1922. The termites, also, but rather inap- propriately, called “white ants”? in English, occur in the tropics in enormous numbers, and since, in their insatiable appetite for cellu- lose, they attack almost any lifeless material, with the exception of stone, glass, metal, and certain kinds of wood, they are justly re- garded as the most destructive power in the warm regions of the earth. Stored foodstuffs, lumber, furniture, clothing, books—in short, most of the paraphernalia of civilization—must constantly be guarded against their depredations. “It has even been claimed that their fondness for literature is in part responsible for the slow cultural growth of many tropical countries” (W. M. Wheeler). In addition to their practical importance, termites are of great interest to the naturalist, as being one of a few groups of aninvals that live together in organized colonies, showing at least a super- ficial similarity to human societies. In the first chapter of his work Mr. Hegh gives us a description of the external and internal structure of these insects, followed in Chapter II by an-account of their geographical distribution and classification. Chapter III discusses the various types of indi- viduals, the so-called castes, that are found in a colony, and also the reproduction, bionomics, and social life. The feeding habits take up a very extensive chapter (1V, pp. 219-372), which is, of course, of tremendous economic interest, but makes us also ac- quainted with many remarkable features of insect life, such as the foraging columns of certain species and the fungus-gardens of many of the Old World forms. Chapter V is hardly less interest- ing, since it is devoted to the nests, the so-called termitaria, of which there is an almost endless variety: from simple galleries bur- rowed in the soil or in dead wood, to complicated buildings of earth bus June,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 103 or carton below or above the ground or up in trees. In the archi- tecture of their nests termites seem to have outdone the ants and to come close second to the social wasps. The numerous ecological relations of termites to their environment (Chapter VI) also make most fascinating reading: they include the relations of different species of termites to one another; their predatory enemies, among which certain mammals are by far the most important; their ex- ternal and internal parasites; the multiple guests with which they are blessed as much as the ants; and finally their relations to the plant world and their importance to the agriculturist and the geol- ogist. An appendix to this chapter contains many curious details regarding the use natives of various tropical countries make of termites to increase their food supply. The book concludes with an enumeration of the species and forms of termites hitherto de- scribed from Africa and an extensive bibliography. In his introduction Mr. Hegh says that the present work will be followed by a second volume. It may appear as if he had al- ready exhausted the subject, but the author informs us that he will next study in detail the characters, distribution, nests, and habits of the tropical African species; then treat of the damage for which termites are responsible and of the various means by which they may be kept in check; and finally give practical instructions as to how to study them. We shall look forward with intense interest to the publication of this second part of Mr. Hegh’s admirable work. 104. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII A NEW NORTH AMERICAN NOTONECTA. By J..R. pE LA Torre-Bueno, White Plains, N. Y., and R. F. Hussey, Bussey Institution, Boston, Mass. Notonecta borealis n. sp. Notonecta lutea Bueno 1904, Ent. News xv: 220; and 1905, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc xii: 160, pl. 7, fig. 7 (meci@aee Miller 1776, Zool. Dan.: 103). Notonecta borealis Hussey 1919, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. No. 75: 16 (without description). Head: width, including eyes, two and one half times the length (3.8: 1.5); front (vertex of Kirkaldy) slightly over twice as wide as vertex (synthlipsis of Kirkaldy) at its nar- rowest point, somewhat tumid medially; eye one and one half times as wide as vertex; clypeus long and pointed, its sides deeply sinuate; head above clypeus coarsely transversely ru- gose, with a broad smooth flattened median longitudinal keel. Thorax robust; width anteriorly subequal to length (34: 30) ; maximum width is to length as 50 to 30. Scutellum one fourth wider than long (32:25), its sides strongly sinuate, its tip long and acute. Hemielytra: lobes of membrane unequal, otherwise undistinguished. Legs: first pair shortest and rap- torial, third pair longest and natatorial, as is usual in Noto- necta. Tibia of first pair one fifth longer than the femur, which is strongly incrassate and nearly three times as long as wide at its widest point; tarsus five eighths as long as tibia, the first tarsal joint nearly two and one half times as long as the second (36:15), claws stout and black. Femur and tibia of second pair subequal in length; tarsus about two thirds as long as the tibia, the first tarsal segment slightly more than twice as long as the second, the claws stout and black; femoral tooth long, stout, blunt; the inner basal angle of the femur bears two long setae, about twice as long as the femoral tooth, and two shorter setae are situated at the extreme apex of the antero-dorsal margin; postero-lateral margin of tibia and first tarsal segment with six or seven long black setae nearly uni- formly spaced along its length. Tibia and tarsus of third pair subequal in length; femur two ninths longer than tibia; first tarsal segment twice as long as second, which bears no claws; all the joints are invested with series of small black spines set longitudinally. 4bdomen: fringing hairs of chan- nel heavy, black; male genital segment prominent, claspers with a group of long spine-like hairs in the middle; male June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 105 genital capsule and gonapophyses of female (Fig. 1) distinct frome those of other American species, showing near relation- ship to Notonecta irrorata (as has been pointed out by Hun- gerford [1920, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull., x1: 331, footnote] ). Color: General coloration luteous, nearly white in fresh specimens, with a dark streak of varying length following the costal margin from the base of the hemielytra; eyes bright brown; scutellum pale yellow; rostrum and legs ivory-white or greenish, the apical segment of the former piceous; under- side of the body in general dark or black. Rarely the hemi- elytra are suffused with black or the scutellum is marked with blackish, or both structures bear dark areas. Measurements: Head, length, 1.35 mm.; width, 3.5 mm.; front, width, 1.5 mm.; vertex, width, 0.72 mm.; eye, width, 1.2 mm. Thorax, width at anterior margin, 3 mm.; width at poste- rior margin, 3.6 mm.; width at humeri, 4.7 mm.; length, 2.72 mm. Scutellum, width, 3.2 mm.; length, 2.5 mm. Abdomen, greatest width, 4.9 mm.; length from tip of scutellum to apex of hemielytra, 7.25 mm. Total length of insect, 13.82 mm. (range, 12.4 to 14.2 mm). Humeral breadth, 4.7 mm. (range, 4.4 to 5.1 mm.). Holotype: male, Bearfoot Mts., B. C., 15: 1X: 03. Paratypes: males and females, topotypic, 15: IX:03 and 17:1X:03. Males and females, Cheboygan Co., Mich. (Doug- las Lake), numerous specimens collected during July and August, 1913 and 1914 (Eva G. Miller) ; also 5: VIL: 18 to Soe NIT 18 (R. By biussey and) Es -P.- Butler.) -Bemale, micoins Jake S. Digi ze Mite F, Ci Severin) «3-66. Py, Wake Hendricks, oa ia Ny 2A (Ci. (C2 Severin)’. 1 J, 1 9, Stony River Camp No. 9, Lake Co., Minnesota, 15: VIII: 22 (H. B. Hungerford). [Det. by Hungerford.] Female, Maine (Collection Ashley). Type and paratypes in coll. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno; paratypes in collections of R. F. Hussey, H. B. Hungerford, H. M. Parshley, W. E. Hoffman, and the Museum of Zoology, University of Mich- igan. Description drawn up under binocular microscope, using 10 X ocular and 55 mm. objective; theoretical magnification, 17. All measurements except total length and width were made with an ocular micrometer. 106 — Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES. Fic. 1. Gonapophyses of Notonecta borealis, 2, from three different specimens collected at Douglas Lake, Michigan. A, both gonapophyses draw in situ, ventral aspect. 8B, right gonapophysis, bleached with chlorine, median aspect. C, right gonapophysis, bleached, lateral aspect. This striking species belongs to the general group of robust forms typified by Notonecta irrorata, to which its genitalia show it to be most nearly allied, but its coloration and its less divergent eyes distinguish it at once from that form. It is similar in aspect to the white specimens of Notonecta shooter Uhler, from which it may be distinguished by the different head, prothorax, and scu- tellum, and by the larger and stronger spine on the intermediate femur, more remote from its apex than in shooter. The less robust form and smaller head, together with the difference in the femoral spine, suffice to distinguish borealis from Notonectu lutea Miiller. This species serves to emphasize the well-known hobby of the senior author, namely, the importance of indicating structural char- acters in describing new species. Here we have three distinct ee June, 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 107 forms answering to the same general color descriptions, and easily defined by the old-time loose structural descriptions. It seems curious that in this genus most descriptions are based upon color alone, and where structures are mentioned at all they are merely alluded to in a very general way. Notonecta borealis was noted by the junior author to rank next in abundance to N. undulata at Douglas Lake, Michigan, in 1918, where it was the only species of the genus whose adults were found commonly before July 20. Its favorite haunts were the partially filled peat bogs, and in some of these it was the most abundant Notonecta found. Its habits are quite similar to those of N. in- sulata: it prefers the open water and is only very rarely taken among vegetation. It is a very alert and wary species. This form seems to be truly boreal, and extends entirely across the continent. It seems also to be fairly common, judging from the number of specimens we have seen and examined. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Explanation of All Technical Terms Used in Entomology. By oun B. Smiru, Se.Di... (Phe Glossary) Clothir ¢).:.° $3.00 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society (un- hound); vols: 4-8 (per vel) tier Jeuid os. aS ols, Gaitcstuciiess dana pale, 2 Eon. sk bY25 Moles tS todatee pee ee ra et whine hate k vite ilies) 8, Entomologica Americana, vols. 1-6, each............... 2.50 Papetoy. vols.) and "4, Gach). perm See op sts) 4.0) o suede’ ob adinss 3.00 Menoctaph of Plusia, Ottolenaur o.oo. ee oo ee 50 Orders for publications must be sent with remittance to Lt- BRARIAN, Brooklyn Entomological Society, c/o Central Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. Vol. XVIII Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society No. 2 EXCHANGES. This one page is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of articles for sale. Notices not exceeding THREE lines free to subscribers. Over lines charged for at 15 cents per line per insertion. Old notices will be discontinued as space for new ones is needed. . MISSISSIPPI INSECTS.—Will collect in all orders. 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One of the most beautiful red gold butterflies of the world— Chry. virgaureae—for only 6 cents each, as long as the stock lasts. Other small species for decorative purposes at 2 cents to 5 cents each; and also exotic Lepidoptera. Our New List of Books, Pins, Apparatus and Supplies free. Our Price List No. 58 contains 28,000 species of Lepidoptera, the ereatest and miost extensive of all ists sl... cceicc cece ees tee estes $ 1.00 Price List No. 30 contains 30,000 species of Coleoptera.......... .50 Price List No. VII, 10,000 species of other insects............... .50 Price of the catalogue will be allowed for in billing orders for Insects. Kindly send price in dollar bills; or in postage stamps. DR. O. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS BLASEWITZ, DRESDEN, GERMANY An Introduction to Entomology By JOHN HENRY COMSTOCK, Professor of Entomology and General Invertebrate Zoology, Emeritus in Cornell University. PART I—The Structure and Metamorphosis of Insects This volume is the first part of a text-book of entomology that Professor Comstock has in preparation. It is, however, a complete treatise on the structure and metamorphosis of in- sects. The part now published includes four chapters. The first chapter is entitled ‘‘The Characteristics of Insects and Their Near Relatives.’? In this chapter the characteristics of the Arthropoda and of each of the thirteen classes of arthropods is discussed, with figures ot representatives of each of these classes. The second chapter is devoted to a detailed discussion of the external anatomy of insects. The third chapter treats of the internal anatomy of in- sects and includes the results of recent investigations in this field. In the fourth chapter there is a detailed account of the transformation of insects, in which each of the different types of metamorphosis of insects is discussed. There is also included a bibliography and an index. 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Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance and others; Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America; Collections of beneficial and injurious insects; Collections of Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism. If interested write for the following circulars: 116 Biological Material for Dissection, 125 Life Histories of Economic Insects, 128 List of Living Pupae, 129 Exotic Lepidoptera, 130 North American Lepidoptera, 131 Exotic Coleoptera, 132. North American Coleoptera, 143 Type Collections, also Collections illustrating beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mimicry and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism. Our complete Insect catalogue and list of publications will be sent on receipt of 25 cents. = eal Vol. XVIII OCTOBER, 1923 No. 4 BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NEW SERIES PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor DR. J. BEQUAERT GEO. P. ENGELHARD1 Published by the Society Price, 35 cents Subscription, $1.50 per year Mailed October 20, 1923 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1919, at the postoffice at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1923 Honorary President CHARLES W. LENG President Treasurer Wii) DAVES G. P. ENGELHARDT Vice-President Central Museum J. R. p—E ta TORRE-BUENO EASTERN PARKWAY Recording Secretary Librarian J. BEQUAERT ELMER McDEVITT Corresponding Secretary Curator HOWARD NOTMAN A. C. WEEKS Honorary Curator GEORGE FRANCK Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences HOWARD NOTMAN CONTENTS TABANIDAE OF STATEN ISLAND AND LONG ISLAND, Bequaent and MD avast eae ic nt aad eu ays nkaeierave eesene 113 SYNONYMIC NOTES AND NEW GENUS (PHALAENIDAE), Barnes cand eS emypenriime len piece eee ates ate AM eee pees teie ty oe ee 123 DOLICHOPODIDSAINENEW YORI i CliiYegBeqnaert= «6 sere 126 SHRUDEES ON THE BE@ODIOF INSECES, Mattkowsil.+ snes 127 RECORDS OR Ni jo LEPIDOPTERA’ Newark Ent.)Soc....o gee 136 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS IN MICROVELIA, Torre-Bueno.. 138 INE (GIB INOLS (OME ESI OURIU DVIS M MuleillolelieeS ae ln suseelor ose ocs Gono: 143 ONS MN@ BSE'S CAINID PKGEEMYS Si) aoe ASB iy 2 Shee bee neta re ee 145 BIGQOIRAON OAR es Unis 8 2 cece thee nt rere memes ech S aaee Tc gee sree er 146 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $1.50 per year; foreign, $1.75 in advance; single copies 35 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited. Au- thors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, tr North Broadway, White Plains, N. Y. Sexe: BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XVIII OcTOBER, 1923 No. eel TABANIDAE OF STATEN ISLAND AND LONG ISLAND, N.Y. By J. BEQUAERT aND Wm. T. Davis. In 1918 the junior author published a list of 33 species of Tabanidae from Staten Island, and later Mr. Edward J. Burns recorded 5 additional species from the same locality. It has been thought advisable to combine these records with other data available in local collections concerning the occurrence of these flies on both Staten Island and Long Island. Only the genera Chrysops, Merycomyia, and Tabanus are thus far known from the area under consideration, the total number of species being 46; of these 40 have been found on Staten Island and 35 on Long Island. The neighboring state of New Jersey possesses 82 known species divided as follows: 1 Haematopota, 42 Tabanus, 1 Merycomyia, 1 Goniops, 2 Pangonius, 34 Chrysops, and 1 Diachlorus. The following revised list of New Jersey tabanids will serve for comparison with the species listed from Staten Island and Long Island. It is compiled from Prof. J. B. Smith’s New Jersey list of 1910, and later records in various entomological journals. Chrysops hilaris is here for the first time recorded from that state. The star indicates species we ourselves have not seen from New Jersey. * Haematopota punctulata Macquart * Tabanus abdominalis Fabricius Tabanus americanus Forster Tabanus astutus Osten Sacken Tabanus atratus Fabricius Tabanus bicolor Wiedemann Tabanus carolinensis Macquart 113 114 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII Tabanus Tabanus * Tabanus Tabanus Tabanus Tabanus * Tabanus cinctus Fabricius coffeatus Macquart conterminus Walker costalis Wiedemann daecket Hine epistates Osten Sacken exul Osten Sacken * Tabanus flavus Macquart (= T. mexicanus of authors) Tabanus fulvulus Wiedemann Tabanus giganteus De Geer Tabanus Tabanus Tabanus Tabanus * Tabanus Tabanus Tabanus * Tabanus Tabanus Tabanus Tabanus Tabanus mann ) Tabanus Tabanus Tabanus * Tabanus Tabanus Tabanus * Tabanus Tabanus gracilis Wiedemann hinet Johnson lasiophthalmus Macquart lineola Fabricius longus Osten Sacken melanocerus Wiedemann microcephalus Osten Sacken molestus Say migrescens Palisot de Beauvois nigrovittatus Macquart nivosus Osten Sacken ohioensis Hine (hardly distinct from T. bicolor Wiede- orion Osten Sacken pumulus Macquart recedens Walker reinwardtii Wiedemann sagax Osten Sacken sparus Whitney stygus Say sulcifrons Macquart (hardly distinct from abdominalis Fabricius ) Tabanus superjumentarius Whitney Tabanus trimaculatus Palisot de Beauvois Tabanus trispilus Wiedemann * Tabanus typhus Whitney Tabanus vivax Osten Sacken * Tabanus gonalis Kirby Merycomyia whitney (Johnson) * Goniops chrysocoma (Osten Sacken) * Pangonius piger Osten Sacken * Pangonius rasus Loew * Chrysops amazon Daecke Chrysops bistellata Daecke Chrysops brimleyi Hine Oct.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 115 Chrysops brunnea Hine Chrysops callida Osten Sacken Chrysops carbonaria Walker Chrysops celer Osten Sacken Chrysops cuclux Whitney Chrysops cursim Whitney Chrysops delicatulus Osten Sacken ' Chrysops dimmocki Hine Chrysops excitans Walker Chrysops fallax Osten Sacken Chrysops flavida Osten Sacken * Chrysops frigida Osten Sacken Chrysops fulvistigma Hine Chrysops hilaris Osten Sacken. Runyon (Wm. T. Davis Coll.) Chrysops hinet Daecke | Chrysops inda Osten Sacken Chrysops lugens Wiedemann and var. morosa Osten Sacken * Chrysops mitis Osten Sacken Chrysops moecha Osten Sacken * Chrysops montana Osten Sacken Chrysops nigra Macquart Chrysops nigribimbo Whitney Chrysops obsoleta Wiedemann Chrysops parvula Daecke Chrysops plangens Wiedemann Chrysops pudica Osten Sacken Chrysops sackeni Hine Chrysops sequax Williston Chrysops striata Osten Sacken Chryséps univittata Macquart Chrysops vittata Wiedemann * Diachlorus ferrugata (Fabricius) In the vicinity of Washington, D. C., McAtee and Walton (1918) list 55 species of this family (31 Tabanus, 1 Merycomyia, 1 Goniops, 2 Pangonius, 19 Chrysops, 1 Neochrysops). While farther south, in North Carolina, C. S. Brimley and F. Sherman (1904, 1908, and 1922) have recorded 70 species (41 Tabanus, 1 Diachlorus, 28 Chrysops). Undoubtedly some of the New Jersey species not mentioned in the present account will eventually be captured on Staten Island or on Long Island; but there are others which are not likely to occur there. Tabanus astutus, T. zonalis, Pangonius piger, P. rasus, Chrysops frigida, and C. mitis are more northern in their 116 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII range and are only found in the mountainous portions of New Jersey. On the other hand, Tabanus flavus, T. americanus, T. gracilis, T. longus, T. fulvulus, Gomops chrysocoma, Chrysops bistellata, and Diachlorus ferrugatus are southern species which can hardly reach the vicinity of New York City. The Tabanidae have always been a favorite family among stu- dents of Diptera. They are so aggressive, for the most part, that the entomologist acts as his own bait for many species of Tabanus and Chrysops. A tame cow is, however, the best of subjects about which to collect. These flies are also attracted by any dark-colored object like an open umbrella lying on the ground and a number of © specimens have been thus taken. July 11, 1911, was a very warm day and a horse that was pulling a load of shingles through the hot pine woods at Chatsworth, New Jersey, died by the wayside. Many hours later horseflies of several species were still paying attention to the remains and sucking what they could of the ani- mal’s blood. Some of the flies mentioned in this paper were first identified by the late V. A. E. Daecke. Later Mr. Charles W. Johnson examined others, and in December, 1916, Professor James S. Hine examined all the specimens that had been collected up to that time, and he has also recently identified some difficult specimens. TTABANINAE. 1. Tabanus atratus Fabricius. STATEN IsLAND: common (Ds. Coll.) ; Richmond; Et. Wads- worth; Watchogue (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: Brooklyn (G. P. Engelhardt Coll.) ; Flatbush; Rosedale (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Wading River; Long Pond, Wading River (Ds. Coll.) ; Massepequa; Long Beach (J. B. Coll.). On June 24, 1906, a female was found depositing her eggs upon a plant stem on the salt meadows near the Fresh Kill bridge, Staten Island. The eggs are pure white when deposited. The pupae have also been found by us, protruding from the ground in wet places, and the imagoes have been reared. 2. Tabanus bicolor Wiedemann. STATEN IsLanp: Watchogue, June 29, 1919 (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: Wading River; Montauk, August 24, 1917 (Ds. ollie). Oct.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 117 T. ohioensis Hine is hardly separable from this. 3. Tabanus cinctus Fabricius. STATEN IsLAND: one male, June 25 (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLanp: Yaphank (G. P. Engelhardt Coll.) ; Kings Park (E. L. Bell Coll.) ; Babylon (Brooklyn Museum). 4. Tabanus coffeatus Macquartt. STATEN IstanpD: Clove Valley (Ds. Coll.) ; Watchogue (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: Wading River (G. P. Engelhardt Coll). 5. Tabanus costalis Wiedemann. StTaTEN Istanp: (Ds. Coll.); Richmond; Watchogue; Fort Wadsworth (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: Jamaica (C. E. Olsen Coll.). 6. Tabanus daeckei Hine. STATEN ISLAND: carried as prey to its nest by a female Bembix spinolae Lepeletier, July 2, 1916 (J. B. Coll.). Named by Prof. J. S. Hine. 7. Tabanus epistates Osten Sacken. STATEN IsLanp: Huguenot (Ds. Coll.). Lone IsLanp: vicinity of Brooklyn (G. P. Engelhardt Coll.). 8. Tabanus giganteus De Geer. STATEN Istanp: Annadale, etc. (Ds. Coll.) ; Huguenot (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone IsLanp: vicinity of Brooklyn (G. P. Engel- hardt and C. Schaeffer Coll.). 9. Tabanus hinei Johnson (= Therioplectes politus Johnson). STATEN Istanp: (Ds. Coll.) ; Richmond; Watchogue (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: Long Pond, Wading River (Ds. Coll.). 10. Tabanus lasiophthalmus Macquart. STATEN IsLAND: common; Tottenville; Richmond; etc. (Ds. Coll.) ;;Watchogue (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: Montauk; Wyandanch (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Wading River; Gardiner’s Is- land (Ds. Coll.) ; Jamaica (A. Nicolay Coll.). A male of this species was bred, May 29, 1900, from a pupa found underneath the bark of a tree at Fort Lee, N. J. 118 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII 11.-Tabanus lineola Fabricius. STATEN IsLAND: common (Ds. Coll.; E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone IstANnD: Prospect Park, Brooklyn; Flatbush (G. P. Engelhardt Coll.) ; Jamaica; Yaphank; Aqueduct (Ds. Coll.) ; Orient; Long Beach (J. B. Coll.) ; Sands’ Point "(E: J. Burns Coll); Wading River (F. M. Schott Coll.). 12. Tabanus nigrescens Palisot de Beauvois. STATEN IsLAND: a female from Watchogue, August 4; another female found dead on Richmond Turnpike near Silver Lake, Au- gust 10 (Ds. Coll.) ; a male from Watchogue, July 21, 1920 (E. J. Burns Coll.). 13. Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart. STATEN IsLAND: common on the beaches (Ds. Coll.) ; Watch- ogue (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: Rosedale (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Orient; Maspeth (Ds. Coll.); Rockaway Beach (C. E. Olsen Coll.) ; Long Beach; Gardiner’s Island (J. B. Coll.) ; Sands Pomt (Ey J. burns (Coll;): This is the well-known “ green-head,” which is very trouble- some on bathing beaches during the summer. Daecke (Ent. News, XIX, 1908, p. 496) records having cap- tured Bembix spinolae with Tab. migrovittatus in its grasp. ¢ 14. Tabanus orion Osten Sacken. STATEN IsLtAND: Clove Valley, one female and two males; on railroad train, Richmond, August 13, 1920 (Ds. Coll.) ; Oakwood, July 24, 1920 (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: vicinity of Brooklyn (G. P. Engelhardt Coll.). 15. Tabanus pumilus Macquart. STATEN IsLanD: common (Ds., J. B., and E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone IstanpD: Rosedale (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Pennyquid Barrens GES Coll, 16. Tabanus recedens Walker. STATEN Istanp: (Ds. Coll.) ; Watchogue (E. J. Burns Coll.). 17. Tabanus reinwardtu Wiedemann. STATEN IsLAND: one male, July 24 (Ds. Coll.). 18. Tabanus sparus Whitney. — ae Oct.51923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 119 STATEN ISLAND: (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Queens (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Riverhead (Ds. Coll.). 19. Tabanus stygius Say. Lone Istanp: Yaphank, August 16, 1921 (G. P. Engelhardt Coll.). 20. Tabanus sulcifrons Macquart. STaTEN IsLAND: Watchogue; Arlington (E. J. Burns Coll.) ; Richmond (Miss Miriam Campbell Coll.). 21. Tabanus superjumentarius Whitney. STATEN IsLAND: Richmond, July 13, 1919 (E. J. Burns Coll.). 22. Tabanus trimaculatus Palisot de Beauvois. STATEN IsLAND: female and male, June 27, 1919 (Ds. Coll.) ; Richmond, July 17, 1920 (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lona IsLanp: vicinity of Brooklyn (C. Schaeffer Coll.). 23. Tabanus trispilus Wiedemann. STATEN IsLAND: (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Queens (F. M. Schott Coll.). 24. Merycomyia whitneyt (Johnson). STATEN. IsLAND: Clove Valley (C. L. Pollard Coll.). PANGONIINAE 25. Chrysops brimleyi Hine. StaTeEN IsLAND: Woodrow, June 22, 1907 (Ds. Coll.) ; Watch- ogue (E. J. Burns Coll.). 26. Chrysops callida Osten Sacken. STaTEN Istanp: Grymes Hill; Prince’s Bay; Clove Valley; Richmond ; Watchogue (Ds. Coll.) ; Tottenville; Fort Wadsworth (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: North Beach woods; Glen- dale (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Riverhead; Yaphank; Long Pond, Wading River (Ds. Coll.); Orient; Gardiner’s Island (J. B. Coll.) ; Rockaway Beach (C. Schaeffer Coll.). 27. Chrysops carbonaria Walker (= C. fugax Osten Sacken). StaTEN IsLanD: Richmond (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Yap- hank (Ds. Coll.) ; Farmingdale (J. B. Coll.). 120 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII 28. Chrysops celery Osten Sacken. STATEN IsLAnND: common (Ds. Coll.) ; Richmond (J. E. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: Yaphank; Deep Pond, Wading River; Central Park (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (J. B. Coll.). 29. Chrysops cursim Whitney. Lone Istanp: Riverhead (Ds. Coll.). 30. Chrysops delicatula Osten Sacken. Lone Istanp: Wyandanch; Riverhead; Wading River (Ds. Coll.). At Long Pond, Wading River, a female was taken as the prey of Asilus flavofemoratus Hine. 31. Chrysops dimmocki Hine. StaTEN IsLtanp: .Tottenville; Great Kills; Reed’s Valley; Rich- mond (Ds. Coll.) ; Fort Wadsworth; Watchogue (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: Orient; Riverhead; Yaphank; Wading River; Wyandanch (Ds. Coll.). 32. Chrysops fallax Osten Sacken. STATEN IstaAnp: Clove Valley (Ds. Coll.) ; Richmond (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: Cold Spring Harbor (American Museum of Natural History); Wyandanch (C. Schaeffer Coll.). 33. Chrysops flavida Wiedemann. STATEN IsLAND: common; Kreischerville; Lake’s Island; etc. (Ds. Coll.) ; Watchogue; Tottenville; Fort Wadsworth (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: Flatbush; Rosedale (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Half Way Hollow Hills; Hills between Flanders and East Quogue; Riverhead; Yaphank; Wading River; Wyandanch (Ds. Coll.) ; Orient; Gardiner’s Island (J. B. Coll.); Jamaica (C. Schaciens@alls). 34. Chrysops inda Osten Sacken. STATEN IsLaNpD: (Ds. Coll.) ; Watchogue (E. J. Burns Coll.). 35. Chrysops lugens Wiedemann and var. morosa Osten Sacken. Lone Istanp: Wading River (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (Vis 1835, Goll). 36. Chrysops moecha Osten Sacken. StTaTEN Istanp: Richmond, July 12, 1919; Watchogue (E. J. Burns Coll.). | Oct.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 121 37. Chrysops montana Osten Sacken. StaTEN IsLanD: Clove Valley (Ds. Coll.) ; Fort Wadsworth (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone Istanp: Riverhead; Long Pond, Wading River (Ds. Coll.) ; Orient (J. B. Coll.) ; Newtown (C. Schaeffer Coll.). 38. Chrysops niger Macquart. StaTEN IsLtAND: common; Clove Valley; Richmond; Totten- ville ; etc. (Ds. Coll.) ; Watchogue ; New Dorp (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone IsLtanp: Yaphank (Ds. Coll.) ; Maspeth (C. E. Olsen Coll.). 39. Chrysops nigribimbo Whitney. Lone Istanp: Yaphank; Riverhead (Ds. Coll.) ; Queens (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Wading River (J. E. Burns Coll.). 40. Chrysops obsoleta Wiedemann. StTaTtEN IsLtanp: Watchogue; Clove Valley (Ds. Coll.) ; Krei- scherville; New Dorp; Richmond (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone IsLAND: Wyandanch (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor (American Museum of Natural History). 41. Chrysops plangens Wiedemann. STATEN IsLAND: common; Watchogue; Richmond; etc. (Ds. Coll.). Lone Istanp: Rosedale (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Wading River ; Nissequogue (Ds. Coll.) ; Sands Point (E. J. Burns Coll.) ; Long Beach (J. B. Coll.). At Long Beach females of this species were visiting the flowers of Chrysanthemum leucanthemum and also biting man. 42. Chrysops pudica Osten Sacken. StTaTEN Istanp: (Ds. Coll.). 43. Chrysops sackent Hine. Lone Istanp: a male, named by Prof. Hine (American Mu- seum of Natural History). 44. Chrysops striata Osten Sacken. STATEN IsLAND: Clove Valley; Watchogue (Ds. Coll.). Lone IstanpD: Long Pond, Wading River; Riverhead (Ds. Coll.). 45. Chrysops univittata Macquart. STATEN IsLAND: common; Watchogue; Richmond; Clove Val- 122 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII ley ; etc. (Ds. Coll.) ; Fort Wadsworth (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone IsLAND: Half Way Hollow Hills; Wading River; south of Smith- town; Riverhead; Yaphank; Wyandanch (Ds. Coll.). 46. Chrysops vittata Wiedemann. Staten Istanp: Tottenville (J. B. Coll.); Buck’s Hollow; Richmond ; Watchogue; Eltingville; Great Kills (Ds. Coll.) ; Ar- lington; Huguenot; Fort Wadsworth (E. J. Burns Coll.). Lone IsLAND: Oakdale; Wyandanch (F. M. Schott Coll.) ; Yaphank; Riverhead (Ds. Coll.) ; Cold Spring Harbor; Gardiner’s Island Gi bs Collis): BIBLIOGRAPHY. , Brimley, C. S. 1922. Additional data on North Carolina Ta- banidae, Bombyliidae, and Tachinidae. Ent. News, XX XIII, pp. 230-232. Brimley, C. S., and Sherman, F., Jr. 1904. List of Tabanidae (horse-flies) of North Carolina. Ent. News, XV, pp. 270- 279: —— 1908. Additional records of Tabanidae (horse-flies) of North Carolina. Ent. News, XIX, pp. 168-173. Burns, E. J. 1922. (Records of Staten Island Tabanidae.) Proc. Staten Island Institute Arts Sci., I (1919-1921), p. 71. Davis, Wm. T. 1918. The Tabanidae of Staten Island, N. Y. Proc. Staten Island Assoc. Arts Sci., VI (1916-1917), pp. 201-203. McAtee, W. L., and Walton, W. R. 1918. District of Columbia Diptera: Tabanidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, XX, pp. 188-206. Smith, John B. 1910. Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey. Wanted.—Short notes on food plants, localities, etc., from 3 to 20 lines long. —FEditor. Oct.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 123 SYNONYMIC NOTES WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS. (Lepid., Phalaenidae (= Noctuidae), Hadeninace.) By Wma. Barnes AND F. H. Benjamin, Decatur, IIl. Trichopolia Grote. Type T. dentatella Grote. 1883, Grt., Pap., III, 76, two species placed in genus; dentatella, and ptilodonta questionably. 1895, Grt., Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 81, type designated T. dentatella. 1905, Hamp., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 361, type designated T. dentatella. . Evuporia Smith. Type £. licentiosa Smith. 1894, Sm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XI, 69; p. 70 licentiosa sole species and therefore type. 1909, Hamp., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 544, licentiosa desig- nated type; but erroneously placed as Sect. I of Naman- gana. dentatella Grote. 1883, Grt., Pap., III, 76, Trichopolia. 1893, Sm., Bull. U. S. N. M., XLIV, 164, Trichopolha. 1895, Grt., Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 81, Trichopolia. 1902, Dyar, Bull. U. S. N. M., LII, 161, No. 1947, Trichopolia. 105, Hamp., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 362, pV LXAXXVILI, 4.16 Trichopolia. 1917, B. & McD., Check List, p. 53, No. 1867, Trichopolia. obtusa Smith. 1887, Sm., Proc. U. S. N. M., X, 474, Taeniocampa. 1893, Sm., Bull. U. S. N. M., XLIV, 204, Taeniocampa. 1895, Grt., Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 91, Graphiphora. 1902, Dyar, Bull. U. S. N. M., LII, 166, No. 2028, Graphiphora. 1905, Hamp., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 300, Eriopyga. 1917, B. & McD., Check List, p. 53, No. 1867 syn., dentatella, Trichopolia. 124 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII licentiosa Smith. 1894, Sm., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, 70, pl. III, f. 8, Eupolia. 1902, Dyar, Bull. U. S. N. M., LI, 161, No. 1949, Eupolia. 1903, Holl., Moth Book, p. 199, text fig. 109, Eupolia. 1909, Hamp., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 545; p. 546, text fig. 152, Namangana (Eupolia). 1917, B. & McD., Check List, p. 68, No. 2617, Namangana. The unique types of dentatella and obtusa, and the male type of licentiosa, are before the authors through the kindness of Messrs. Engelhardt and Doll. The authors have examined and matched the female type of licentiosa in the National Museum. All of these types represent a single species, which is not uncommon from Utah to Arizona and westward through the Californian desert region. Dr. Smith failed to see the hair on the eyes of the types of licentiosa, which caused him to erect the genus Eupolia and de- scribe licentiosa, although he had already redescribed Trichopolia dentatella as Taeniocampa obtusa. Sir George Hampson had no specimens of dentatella and drew his characterization of the genus Trichopolia from a specimen of ursina furnished by Dr. Barnes. A redescription of Trichopolia is, therefore, advisable. Proboscis normal, functional; palpi obliquely upturned, reaching the vertex, scaled, first and second joints fringed with some hair-like scales below, third joint smoothly scaled, somewhat more oblique; frons scarcely rounded out but some- what roughened, not smooth and shining, with a corneous plate below; eyes normal, rounded, hairy, lashed from behind only; antennae of male heavily bipectinate to near tip, the extremity serrate; of female simple, ciliated; head and thorax clothed chiefly with broad scales, patagia with some hair inter- mixed with the scales; pro- and meta-thorax with small crests ; tibiae rather heavily clothed with hair-like scales, without spines or claws; abdomen with a well-developed dorsal crest on first segment, on fresh specimens a slight crest on second segment, but without strong lateral fringes of hair; fore wing rather narrow, veins 3 from near angle of cell, 4 from angle, 5 from above angle, 6 from upper angle, 9 from 10 anastomos- ing with 7 and 8 to form the areole; hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell, 5 obsolescent from middle of discocellu- lars, 6, 7 connate or slightly stalked from upper angle, 8 anas- tomosing with the cell near base only. Oct.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 125 Trichopolia comes very close to being a Scotogramma with pecti- nate antennae, but the front is not as much rounded out. It is also closely related to Polia and some species of Eriopyga. Most of these hairy-eyed genera need careful study to ascertain which should be retained and what species to place in them. Tentatively the best place for Trichopolia seems between Admetovis and Lophoceramica. This placement between Trichoclea and Chabuata brings Trichopolia into contact with its obvious exotic affinities, which possess pectinate antennae in the male sex, such as Hy- droeciodes, with which it agrees in possessing similar narrow pri- maries. This placing of Trichopolia leaves ursina apparently with no available generic name. It seems advisable, therefore, to erect and characterize the following genus. . Engelhardtia gen. nov. Type Engelhardtia ursina (Smith) = Trichopolia ursina (Smith) = Lathosea ursina Smith. Proboscis aborted, minute; palpi short, porrect to beyond frons, fringed with long hair; frons somewhat rounded out, roughened, with a corneous plate below the frons laterally produced; eyes moderate, somewhat constricted, very hairy, and overhung by very long cilia from behind with moderate. cilia from near the base of the antennae; antennae of male bipectinate, the cephalic pectinations longer than the caudal pectinations, serrate at base and extremity, the pectinations and serrations at right angles to the shaft and heavily fascicu- late with cilia; of female, lamellate and ciliated; head and thorax clothed with long hair and without definite crests; tibiae hairy, without spines or claws; tarsi heavily spined; abdomen without crests, a slight patch of dorsal hair on the first segment as a fringe rather than a true crest, and with strong lateral fringes of long hair; fore wing rather narrow, the apex produced and the termen obliquely curved; veins 3 from near angle of cell, 4 from angle, 5 from slightly above angle, 6 from upper angle, 9 from 10 anastomosing with 7, 8 to form the areole, 11 from cell; hind wings with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell, 5 obsolescent from about one third below middle of discocellulars, 6, 7 stalked, 8 anastomosing with the cell near base only; beneath, secondaries with a heavy black spot on the discocellular vein connected to the base of the wing by a black bar through the center of the cell. 126 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII The present genus shows no affinity to any described genera of the Hadeninae and a rearrangement of the genera of the various subfamilies will probably place it as a hairy-eyed genus of the Cuculliinae, a position which it can not now occupy in a scheme of classification based on single characters determining into which subfamily an insect must be placed. Its obvious relatives are Lathosea and Rancora, with which it agrees in habitus, wing-shape, roughened frons, antennae, ciliated eyes, and somewhat in type of vestiture, combined with the black spot and bar on the under side of the secondaries, a character which the authors have already shown may be used to separate Lathosea and Rancora from Cu- cullia, (seer Bic) Benjoy@oute. INatvelst eps NG Nee iene 28-29, 1922). It differs abundantly from Lathosea by possessing hairy eyes, vestiture of hair instead of hair-like scales on the thorax, and in that the tongue is aborted and minute, and the ab- domen without true dorsal crests. The tegulae are probably sel- dom erected to form a hood; although those of Lathosea are often erected, contrary to Hampson’s characterization, which is also erroneous in that Lathosea possesses a somewhat roughened frons (Gee Tamip., Cat. ep Phaly By Me W205; 1906) Some Curious Dolichopodids (Dipt.) in the Vicinity of New York City.—The genus Tachytrechus, recently reviewed by Mr. @ i. Greene (Proc) UL SaNat. Mus] Ex Not slo225 pps aie Pl. I), is remarkable, even among the Dolichopodidae, for its sec- ondary male sexual characters, such as a maculation in the apex of the wing, the lamella-bearing antennal arista, deformations of the legs, etc. It is well represented in the eastern United States. Mr. Greene records from New Jersey T. rotundipennis Greene, T. vorax Loew, T. binodatus Loew, T. laticrus Van Duzee, and T. protervus Melander. From New York State he mentions only T. binodatus Loew and T. moechus Loew. I have seen thus far two species from the vicinity of New York City: T. vorax Loew, collected by Mr. E. J. Burns at Wading River, Long Island, N. Y., September 1, 1919; and T. moechus Loew, which I have taken at West Nyack, N. Y., July 12, 1920. Related to these is Lisancalus genualis Loew, one of the largest American members of the family, the males of which are very peculiar on account of the beaded and spotted tip of the wing; Mr. Burns and I have taken it in numbers on moist rocks at the Palisades, N. J., opposite New York City, during July, 1921.—J. BEQUAERT. Oct.;1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 127 STUDIES ON THE BLOOD OF INSECTS. I. THE COMPOSITION OF THE BLoop.* By R. A. MutrKxowsx1, Moscow, Idaho. . Introductory. . Reaction and Volume. Color. . Chemical Composition. . Bibliography. mm & WhO 1. Introductory. In studying the blood of insects in connection with respiration and coagulation or clotting, the writer found it necessary to make rather extensive studies of the various structural elements of the blood and the composition of the plasma. Certain phases pertain- ing to respiration have been published in part (1921). In this paper some of the results on the composition of the plasma are presented, intended as a preliminary report on the subject, since the investigations are far from complete. To summarize our knowledge on this topic, I have included the results of other in- vestigators, crediting these at the respective places. I am indebted to the Research Information Service of the Na- tional Research Council, to Dr. Wm. S. Marshall of the University of Wisconsin, and to Mr. Chancey Juday of the Wisconsin Geo- logical and Natural History Survey for various bibliographical information. ‘Their courtesy is hereby acknowledged gratefully. 2. Reaction and Volume. The reaction of insect blood is slightly alkaline (Miall and Denny, 1883) or neutral to moist litmus paper. In Leptinotarsa, Dytiscus, and Hydrophilus, for instance, it is neutral to litmus in the adults, alkaline in the larvae; but distinctly alkaline in the adults to more sensitive indicators and various stains, such as hematoxylin and methyl violet. After death, or even before, the blood changes to acid. Thus, the blood of sluggish Enallagma and Aeshna, specimens so weak that they barely moved a leg, was found to be distinctly acid to litmus paper and Congo red. The (* Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the Univer- sity of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho.) 128 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII acidity is probably due to the large amount of carbonates in solu- tion or gathered in loose saccules, which crystallize out sponta- neously on exposure to the air. This acidity increases markedly a few hours after death. To the touch insect blood is very viscid and gelatinous. This is due to the gelatin and fibrinogen present and perhaps to some extent to the albumins and globulins. The viscosity increases greatly with the alkalinity. To the taste somewhat diluted blood is distinctly salty, although occasionally bitter, or even acrid. The volume of the blood varies according to the stage of life (Landois, 1864) and the period of feeding. It is greatest in the pre-pupal period in holometabola, or the pre-imaginal period in hemimetabola, and smallest, proportionately, in adults. In Verte- brates the approximate proportion is about one volume of cor- puscles to two volumes of plasma. In five c.c. of centrifuged oxa- lated blood taken from full-grown but starved Leptinotarsa larvae, the bulk of corpuscles formed about one eightieth of the total, hence a proportional relation of approximately one fortieth, since the oxalate solution formed half of the volume. In fully fed specimens the proportion is even less, about one sixtieth, while in adults the number of corpuscles is decreased so markedly that an estimate of one one-hundredth does not seem exaggerated. It is difficult to make numerical counts, since the gelatin and almost immediate fibrin formation prevent thorough mixing with the usual fluids. After feeding the volume of plasma increases greatly, distending the haemocoel, so that larvae appear turgid. If starved, the in- tegument becomes flaccid and wrinkled, indicating a decrease in volume of plasma. There is no decrease, however, in the number of corpuscles, as indicated by the experiments noted. The volume of plasma appears to have little relation to growth or transforma- tion. I have kept Leptinotarsa larvae for two weeks, until they were shriveled to apparently half their normal size. They pupated and emerged practically full sized, this despite the plausible as- sumption that with the loss of plasma a portion of the reserve food supply had been used up in the period of starvation. 3. Color of the Blood. As a rule, the blood has some slight tinge of color. I have found the blood clear, slightly tinged with yellow, yellow, orange, Oct.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 129 orange-red, red, bluish, blue-green, and deep green, confirming the colors found by various investigators. The following list shows the colors in a number of insects examined personally, together with the type of food eaten: NAME. STAGE. CoLor oF Bioop. Type or Foon. Perloidea Pteronarcys sp. ..... larva orange-red mixed TEPONGTTYS SP. ss... adult orange-red nectar ACVONCUTA Sp. ......- nymph yellow animal ACTONCUTE SP. ...... adult yellow PP Ephemeroidea Ephemera sp. ....... nymph clear mixed Mountain species..... nymph red mixed Odonata Enallagma sp. ...... nymph = green animal SE nymph blue-green mixed I Ci re nymph = green animal 2 re nymph = green animal emeuula SP. 60... 3s nymph = green animal Hemiptera Notonectasp........ nymph green animal juices Wotonecta sp. ....... adult yellowish animal juices eee Soe oY aio hes adult yellow animal juices Belostoma sp. ....... nymph green animal juices Belostoma sp. ....... adult greenish animal juices Orthoptera yellow Ceuthophilus sp. .... adult yellow mixed BEBVILMS STI ohn oo) 5. 552,50. adult faint yellow plant Locustidae spp. ..... adults clear, plant yellowish Microcentrum sp. ... nymphs yellowish plant Trichoptera Phryganea sp. ...... larva clear plant Meprocerus sp.'.'..¢~: larva yellow mixed Lepidoptera Mamestra sp. .....:. adult clear nectar Clisiocampa sp. ..... larva green plant Deilephila sp. ....... larva green plant Pheris 7apae 0) fo. es larva green plant Gasses Spealn On the genus Microvelia Westw., Bull. Bklyn. Ent. Soc., xvi: 87/93. 6 Veliinae of the Eastern United States, Bull. B. E. S., XI: 52/61. Oct.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 139 I think it may be set down as ‘axiomatic that no variable or fluctuating characteristic may be considered such firm basis for differentiation. With this criterion in mind, all variable structures will be indicated and set aside as but secondary characters at best, perhaps useful to complete a picture; and any structure peculiar to one form only of a polymorphic aggregate will be restricted to those forms only to which it applies and rejected as not sufficient in itself to completely define a species in a clean-cut way. This study, developing chronologically, shows by whom and when new structures were considered generically and specifically; and then sifts these characters through the twin sieves of stability and uni- versality. If what then remains is insufficient for definition, then intensive study of the group must follow to discriminate more closely between structures and to discover new differentials. Westwood, in his original generic (or subgeneric) characteriza- tion in 1834, considers the size of the head, length of the 4th segment of the antennae, comparative length of legs to each other, number of anterior tarsal joints, and form. Burmeister in 18357 adds the thickness of the antennal joints and the entirely mem- branous character of the hemelytra. In 1843, Amyot and Serville ® considered also the shape and structure of the prothorax, cells of the hemelytra, and structure and armature of legs. Fieber in 1861 ° used as additional generic characters the thickening of the anterior tibiae at the end and the comparative length of femora; the comparative length and thickness of the antennal segments ; the comparative length of the rostrum; the structure of the meso- sternum; pilosity of body and shape of head. Up to this point all specific characterization had been exclusively by color, and Fieber is the first to employ structure in specific diagnosis in the group. His sole character, however, was the shape of the pronotum. Douglas and Scott in 1865 *° added no new generic characters, although they used those thus far developed. Specifically, they added apterousness and pilosity for structure, all other characters being color, following established practice. In 1879, Puton?* em- 7 Handbuch II: 213 (Hydroéssa). § Hist. Nat. Ins. Hem., 421. ®Eur. Hem., 33 and 104. 1° British Hemiptera, 573. 11 Synopsis, 149. 140 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII ployed generically only a few of the characters already developed, but used in addition ciliation of tibiae, unarmed femora in both sexes, and absence of ocelli. For specific differentiation he em- ployed shape of pronotum, as Fieber; and (new) structure of hemelytra and number of cells, otherwise relying on color only, as all his predecessors of high and low degree. Saunders in 1892™* used generically, in addition to the structures already mentioned, the size and shape of the head; size and position of the eyes; and the claws. But specifically, color was king, so to speak, because he mentions only vestiture; and size and form of pronotum, al- ready used by Fieber, from whom he doubtless derived them. Uhler began his descriptions of West Indian Microveliae in 1893 (op. c.), and partly broke the tradition of color. He was the first to employ specifically (he made no generic analysis) the median line of the head; the comparative size and structure of the anten- nae, rostrum and head; the hemelytra, the legs, to which he added in 1895 7° the surface sculpture of the pronotum and the compara- tive length and breadth of the bug; and the general shape of the insect. Although but these few structures were used specifically, Uhler’s descriptions are quite lengthy because of the detailed color distinctions carefully enumerated. Champion followed Uhler in T898,74 and while he gave nothing new generically, he added much to the characters employed specifically. In addition to those in use, he gave the thickness and hairs on the tibiae, teeth on male femora, ciliation on the margin of hemelytra, and the genital and ventral abdominal segments. About this time Kirkaldy came into view. In 1900,! Kirkaldy described his first Microvelia, and for the first time are mentioned the little setate on the head; and one other structure was employed—the genitalia; all else was color. In 1902 16 he mentioned another character, in a brief two-line diag- nosis—the pronotal carina. Distant now enters in 19047" with a generic diagnosis; he employs two new characters—the curvature of the femora and the structure of the connexivum. Specifically, he is a pure colorist. 12 Hem. Het. of the Br. Ids., pp. 148, 150. 13 Hem. Colo., 61. 14 Biol. Centrali Americana, Heteroptera, II: 127/130. 7+>Anne soc, Hint: Bele. XLIV =: 431/425. 16 The Entomologist, p. 281. 17 Fauna Br. Ind., Rhynch. II: 171 and 174. Oct.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 141 Thus far only the size and form of the prothorax had been used ; but in 1916 Horvath (op. c.) made a brief analysis of the notal sclerites in the two apterous Microveliae of Europe, as characters for specific differentiation, although nothing new was added other- wise. In that same year I described several new North American Microveliae (op. c.) and used in characterizing species the length of the antennae as compared to the thorax; the facies, and the number and shape of the visible abdominal segments; and in one species, vestigial wings. Finally, Parshley in 1921 (op. c.), in an extended study of the apterous Microveliae, carefully diagnosed and elucidated the nota. This is thus far the most thorough and painstaking piece of work on the taxonomy of the genus. In recapitulation of what precedes, the generic characters used up to this point to differentiate Mécrovelia are: Westwood—Size of head; 4th antennal segment longest; legs nearly equal in length; anterior tarsi 2-jointed. Burmeister—Thickness of antennae; hemelytra entirely mem- branous. Amyot and Serville—Shape and structure of thorax; cells of hemelytra; structure and armature of legs. Fieber—Distal thickening of anterior tibiae ; comparative length of femora inter se; comparative length and thickness of antennal segments; comparative length of rostrum; structure of meso- sternum; pilosity; shape of head. Puton—Ciliation of tibiae; unarmed femora in the sexes; ab- sence of ocelli. Saunders—Shape of head; size and position of legs; claws. Distant—Curvature of femora; structure of connexivum. Of these structures enumerated, certain must be eliminated, since they are specific by nature. These are: the actual form; actual and comparative thickness of the antennae; shape and structure of the thorax; cells of the hemelytra; distal thickening of anterior tibiae ; length of legs; structure of mesosternum ; ciliation of tibiae ; curvature and armature of femora; and structure of connexivum. The remaining valid generic characters heretofore in use are: the size and general shape of the head; long 4th antennal segment; position and structure of the legs; number of tarsal joints; entirely membranous character of the hemelytra, with few cells; absence of ocelli; and comparative length of rostrum. 142 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII In the specific characterization the following diagnostic struc- tures have been used: Fieber—Shape of pronotum. Douglas and Scott—Apterousness ; pilosity. Puton—Structure of hemelytra; number of cells of same. Uhler—Median line of head; comparative size and structure of head, antennae and rostrum; surface sculpture of pronotum; com- parative length and width; general shape of bug. Champion—Thickness of and hairs on tibiae; teeth on male femora; ciliation of margin of hemelytra; genitalia and ventral abdominal segments ; pronotal carina. Kirkaldy—Setae of head. Bueno—Length of antennae compared to thorax; number and shape of visible abdominal segments; vestigial wings. Horvath and Parshley—Notal sclerites in apterous form. Of these characters, certain apply only to one or the other of the dimorphic forms—for example, the shape and size of the pro- notum, the notal sclerites, presence or absence of wings, vestigial wings—all variable quantities within the species. The characters of vestiture, surface sculpturing, genitalia, head setae, pronotal carina, rostrum, comparative length of antennae to other body segments and of the joints as between themselves, and their struc- ture; number and shape of visible abdominal segments; general form of the species and its comparative length and breadth are applicable to both forms. To these may be added from the char- acters rejected for generic purposes, setae on legs, claws, structure and comparative length of legs, and structure of connexivum. Microvelsa being dimorphic in general, and possibly polymorphic in certain species, has two other sets of characters which may be used most effectively, namely, the notal sclerites and vestigial wings in the apterous; and the shape, size, and structure of the pronotum and of the hemelytra in the winged. In this genus, for key pur- poses, only the structures common to all forms may be used with safety in differential diagnoses, and full reliance should be placed on these alone. The characters peculiar to one form only should be rejected for such a purpose, such as the thoracic structure, or the character of the wings. The stable characters common to all forms are the head and its appendages, the legs, and the genitalia. These are independent of the presence or absence of wings, with the consequent presence or absence of wing muscles to affect the Oct.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 143 form of the thorax and of the abdomen in some manner and to some degree. But these two forms, the winged and the wingless, are very well to be characterized by the structures peculiar to each, which serve to emphasize and support the division based on the primary stable characters, characters which must appear in all descriptions of any form of a Microvelia. In brief, no specific description of a Mécrovelia is convincing unless based on non-plastic, invariable characters common to all forms. Without these fixed characters, such a description is no more than a delusion and a snare. Color may help, but unless correlated to structure and ruled by it, it is neither stable nor final. The firm foundation of all specific characterizations is fixed and unvarying structures, and particularly so in the genus Mécrovelia. A NEW GENUS OF PHORIDAE (DIPTERA). “By J. R. Matiocu, Washington, D. C. oes. Rhyncophoromyia n. g. Similar.to Aphiochaeta, differing in having the frons pro- jecting beyond anterior level of eyes and partly covering the antennae, its anterior outline rounded, the impressed central line distinct, and the postantennal bristles widely separated and proclinate. The face is produced in the form of a blunt process between antennae, the process equalling in size the third antennal segment, and the proboscis is heavily chitinized and longer than the head, as in some species of Dohrniphora. Otherwise as Aphiochaeta. Genotype, the following species. Rhyncophoromyia trivittata sp. n. Female —Yellowish testaceous, shining. Thoracic dorsum with three broad brown vittae, the central one extending over scutellum and metanotum, the others on lateral margins; a brown spot below and behind wing base. Dorsum of abdomen mostly shining dark brown. Legs brownish yellow. Wings yellowish, with a spot over fork of third vein and in base of cell beyond it, and the apex of wing brown. Halteres fuscous. Frons as long as wide, with microscopic setulae, preocellar series of four bristles nearly straight, inner bristle of anterior 144 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII series in line between outer one and postantennal; antennae small, arista pubescent, dorsal; palpi elongate, with a few bristles. Thorax with one pair of prescutellar dorsocentrals ; scutellum with two long bristles, mesopleura with some setulae, and one long bristle on its upper posterior angle. Abdomen tapered, not well preserved in type but evidently with a chitinized ovipositor. Hind tibia with about 7 posterodorsal setulae. Costa about four sevenths of the wing length, first section fully as long as next two combined, third one fourth as long as second; costal fringe close, the setulae a little longer - than diameter of costal vein. Length, 1.5 mm. Type, Higuito, San Mateo, Costa Rica (P. Schild), in U. S. National Museum. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Explanation of All Technical Terms Used in Entomology. By Joun B. Smitu, Sc.D. (The Glossary) Cloth.... $3.00 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society (un- bounds vols: “458 f(per voll) teen oe eis aon ee be) Vols: Q2VA Ae Ae ee Sy Ree TARR eee 1.25 IWols, Momto date: Wace sc cite rnere teas tne 1,50 Entomologica Americana, vols. 1-6, each............... 2.30 Papilio, volsailiand.4 \eachic. 0s. caeeibar ert ea rece 3.00 Monograph of Plusia; Ottolenoui: 3.) en). Secece eee .50 Orders for publications must be sent with remittance to Lr BRARIAN, Brooklyn Entomological Society, c/o Central Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. Oct.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 145 EDITORIAL. On Synopses and Keys. As one reads the various synopses and keys for groups of in- sects, at times one is struck with their inadequacy; at others, with their profundity; or again, with the difficulty of fixing groups or species by them because of the subtleness or vagueness of the characters used. And by this it is not meant that the dichotomies are overly difficult to use, but that for differential purposes they rely on fluctuating, internal or inadequately defined characters ; at times on characters liable to become obscured by vestiture or age, or even not to be derived from the structure of the cabinet speci- men, but from the use or function of a structure in nature. We cite no examples, since every entomologist working on any group whatsoever can easily supply them from memory, of each and every sort. This difficulty arises without doubt from lack of lucidity in form, or perhaps from failure to realize the fact that all tabular arrangements naturally fall into two categories. Such tables are for one of two purposes: either to show relationship or to separate forms. In the first case, any and every character, internal or external, constant or fluctuating, evident or subtle, may be, and should be, used for the purpose of grouping similars together, thus exhibiting their connection with each other. An example of such a table is Reuter’s for the families of the Heteroptera, arranged according to his system. In such a table groups and species (if for such) follow each other in a natural sequence. On the other hand, tables to reveal and make evident differences are essential to the quick separation of groups and species and to know them beyond doubt. Such keys are essentially practical tools for practical men, and consequently no field for a display of erudi- tion or for the establishment of a new classification; albeit, they may on occasion serve both purposes, the one incidental to the other and principal object. A true key is no place for obscure, evanescent, subtle, or internal characters. It must be restricted to such characters as are plainly visible externally, and which do not depend on a “ more or less” qualification nor on injuring or de- stroying a specimen to find them. Such a dichotomy will not nec- essarily place groups or species in linear arrangement or in se- 146 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII quence, but it will separate them with certainty. How often, in Hemiptera, we come across the expression “ wing with a hamus ”’? It is not possible to open the tegmina of dry Heteroptera without injury to the specimen ; and in such cases it is not possible to deter- mine the proper place of a given specimen. It then becomes a matter of guesswork, how accurate depends on the skill and prior knowledge of the determiner. Keys such as those which practi- cally call for dissection of specimens before they may be known are a detriment rather than a help. It becomes necessary for makers of dichotomies or synopses to distinguish sharply between the purposes for which they are to be used, and to construct them for that one end only. If well cast, such keys at times may serve both purposes: to show similarity— and therefore relationship—as well as differences leading to exact differentiation of groups and forms.—J. R. T.-B. BOOK NOTE. A Naturalist in the Great Lakes Region, by Elliott R. Downing, University of Chicago (University of Chicago Press, limp leather, $3.50). One conspicuous void in the literature of natural history in this country is the absence of those excellent books so well produced in Europe, particularly in France and England. In these two coun- tries such works are popular yet scientific. They do not sacrifice accuracy to literature nor facts to imagination; neither are they so simple as to become silly. To write on science within the com- prehension of the educated, in simple yet good form, is a distinct achievement. This Dr. Downing has succeeded in accomplishing. I know of no other American book of its kind so informing, so excellent in matter and form, and such pleasant reading. Be it understood that this is no book for the school of anthropomorphic naturalists, who interpret nature in terms of human kind, and who endow plants and animals with human attributes. There are no “heart throbs’ or “ human interest” here—nothing but the un- folding of the vast drama of the law-bound workings of nature, silent, inexorable, astounding. In this work the whole mosaic of the earth shows as a composite picture in all its parts, each frag- ment set in relation to its neighbors. It interprets nature to us as ——— ee ee ee Rat asia ly ie . Rag etl 9? tpg ag Sk Oct.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 147 dependent parts thereof, and shows how the interplay of natural forces governs man in all his activities. His opening chapter, “The Changing Face of Nature,” brings out emphatically what has so frequently been said in this BULLE- tin. Not alone does nature change by its very laws, but also by the ruthlessness of man who rives its face and upsets the delicate balance adjusted in ages past. Dr. Downing then sets forth the development of the geology of the Chicago region as a part of the American Continent, together with the characteristic physical fea- tures of the area. The sixth chapter discusses “ Distribution and Adjustment” in-relation to natural features and climate. The succeeding chapters, eight in number, deal with the habitats and the adjustment to them of plants and animals. A brief appendix gives a helpful outline of some of the important plant and animal asso- ciations. The book is copiously illustrated. As a whole, the figures are very good. ‘There are one or two which in another edition may safely be omitted, as they depict nothing known on the earth, in the heavens above, nor in the waters beneath. The index is good, but not always lucid, nor is the same plan followed for all entries. As a book, it is very pleasant to hold in the hand. The type is good and the arrangement of the plates excellent. Typographi- cally, there is here and there a minor error which another edition will doubtless see eliminated. This work is well worth having, for it gives the entomologist a perspective on his own subject which not all of us have the opportunity to work out ourselves.— ete. T.-B. Vol. XVIII Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society No. 2 EXCHANGES. This one page is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of articles for sale. Notices not exceeding THREE lines free to subscribers. Over lines charged for at 15 cents per line per insertion. Old notices will be discontinued as space for new ones is needed. . DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA.—Have many desirable western species to exchange, including Argynnis atossa, macaria, mormoma, malcolm, nokomis; Melitaea neumoegen; Lycaena speciosa; ete. Send lists. Dr. John A. Comstock, Southwest Museum, 4699 Marmion Way, Los Angeles, Calif. WANTED.—Ants from all portions of the United States for determination or exchange. Will also exchange other insects for ants. M. R. Smith, Assistant Entomologist, State Plant Board, A. and M. College, Miss. MISSISSIPPI INSECTS.—Will collect in all orders. Corre- spondence solicited. Miss Sophie May Newbern, Cedar Bluff, Miss. OFFER.—Bred adult specimen of Catocala herodias in ex- change for ova of species of same genus. Parent moth with ovum preferred. G. J. Keller, 68 Treacy Ave., Newark, N. J. WANTED.—Records N. Y. State Rhopalocera for check-list, all species and localities desired for a table showing the distribution throughout the State. James L. Angle, Librarian Rochester Mu- nicipal Museum. WANTED.— Offers on bright-colored butterflies and moths for use in trays and pictures. Mrs. Robert Milde, Lewiston, Minn. ARKANSAS INSECTS.—Will collect Lepidoptera and other orders. Correspondence solicited. Miss Louise Knobel, 417 West 2d Ave., Hope, Ark. WANTED.—Cynipide and their galls from all parts of the world. Exchange or cash. Western and Southern material par- © ticularly desired. Wm. Beutenmuller, Box 258, Highwood, Ber- gen Co., N. J. WANTED.—Saldide, especially from the Western U. S. and Canada. Will name or give good exchange. J. R. de la Torre- Bueno, 11 North Broadway, White Plains, Westchester Co., N. Y. WANTED.—Papers published since 1894 and containing refer- ences to American Coleoptera by Bernhauer, Grouvelle, Lesne, Leveille, Lewis, Pic, Otto Schwarz, Wasmann or other foreign authors. Will pay cash or give in exchange papers by American authors that I have in duplicate. C. W. Leng, No. 33 Murray St., New York City. LOT of 100 South American butterflies and moths in perfect condition, papered, at $6.50; including Morpho menelaus or cypres, Caligo, 8 Papilios, 8 Heliconius, Prepona, Perssamia, Catagramma, Calicore, 4 Apatura, Nymphalide, Urania, Sphingide, etc., etc. H. S. Parish, 81 Robert St., Toronto, Can. One of the most beautiful red gold butterflies of the world— Chry. virgaureae—for only 6 cents each, as long as the stock lasts. Other small species for decorative purposes at 2 cents to 5 cents each; and also exotic Lepidoptera. Our New List of Books, Pins, Apparatus and Supplies free. Our Price List No. 58 contains 28,000 species of Lepidoptera, the Sceatese ma mnost extensive Of all lists: 0.0.02 25,656 ds ean eleeweeas eleet e $ I.00 Price List No. 30 contains 30,000 species of Coleoptera.......... .50 Price List No. VII, 10,000 species of other insects............... .50 Price of the catalogue will be allowed for in billing orders for Insects. Kindly send price in dollar bills; or in postage stamps. DR. O. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS BLASEWITZ, DRESDEN, GERMANY An Introduction to Entomology By JOHN HENRY COMSTOCK, Professor of Entomology and General Invertebrate Zoology, Emeritus in Cornell University. PART I—The Structure and Metamorphosis of Insects This volume is the first part of a text-book of entomology that Professor Comstcck has in preparation. It is, however, a complete treatise on the structure and metamorphosis of in- sects. The part now published includes four chapters. The first chapter is entitled ‘‘The Characteristics of Insects and Their Near Relatives.’’ In this chapter the characteristics of the Arthropoda and of each of the thirteen classes of arthropods is discussed, with figures ot representatives of each of these classes. The second chapter is devoted to a detailed discussion of the external anatomy of insects. The third chapter treats of the internal anatomy of in- sects and includes the results of recent investigations in this field. In the fourth chapter there is a detailed account of the transformation of insects, in which each of the different types of metamorphosis of insects is discussed. There is also included a bibliography and an index. Pages, xviii 220, with 220 illustrations. Bound in cloth. Price $2.50 net. THE COMSTOCK PUBLISHING COMPANY ITHACA, NEW YORK Rare Tropical Butterflies Especially Ornithoptera &@ and 9, Morpho @ and 9, Agrias cand @. Papilios from Madagascar, Australia, So. America, India, etc. Many species of Caligo, Prepona, Chlorippe, Ancylu- ris, Helicopis, etc. Urania ripheus. Send for Price List. Hal Newcomb 804 Elizabeth St., -- Pasadena, California. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84-102 College Ave. ROCHESTER, N. Y. Entomological supplies of every description, including the: only genuine hand made Schmitt Insect Boxes, and the well known American Entomological Company Insect Pins. Our supply catalogue No. 30 will be sent free on application.. Entomological Specimens of all orders from every part of the world. Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance and others; Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America; Collections of beneficial and injurious insects; Collections of Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism. If interested write for the following circulars: 116 Biological Material for Dissection, 125 Life Histories of Economic Insects, 128 List of Living Pupae, 129 Exotic Lepidoptera, 130 North American Lepidoptera, 131 Exotic Coleoptera, 132 North American Coleoptera, 143 Type Collections, also Collectiqns illustrating beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mimicry and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism. Our complete Insect catalogue and list of publications will be sent on receipt of 25 cents. Vol. XVIII ae EC ENIBELS, 1923 No. 5 BULLETIN OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NEW SERIES PUBLICATION COMMITTEE J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor DR. J. BEQUAERT GEO. P. ENGELHARD1 Published by the Society Price, 35 cents Subscription, $1.50 per yea: Mailed December 11, 1923 Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1919, at the postoffice at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879 _ The Brooklyn Entomological Society Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first Tuesday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at the Central Museum, Eastern Parkway and Washington Ave., Brooklyn. The annual dues are $2.00. OFFICERS, 1923 Honorary President CHARLES W. LENG ’ President Treasurer W. T. DAVIS G. P. ENGELHARDT Vice-President Central Museum J. R. pe ta TORRE-BUENO EASTERN PARKWAY Recording Secretary Librarian J. BEQUAERT ELMER McDEVITT Corresponding Secretary Curator HOWARD NOTMAN A. C. WEEKS Honorary Curator GEORGE FRANCK Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences HOWARD NOTMAN CONTENTS A SALDID GENUS NEW TO THE U.S. AND A N. SP., Bueno. 149 CALPODES GE DEETUS Belleair acre ce neeta cinerea 154 NODE ON OGDOECONTA CINERE OMA Chittendents.. 25. serene 155 NEW HOST FOR MEMBRACIDAE, Bunkhouser.:. .55..ee sees 156 RANGE OVERLAPPING OF ANOPHELES MACULIPENNIS ANDI A 4=MACUILAT US, Erecbornt: -) Saat Eee eerree 157 (CCAILINBIOUIRINUDA, ISIOMIDIMSIRIILAY INCOMES, Cooleeesoccocnconcanca: 159 ON) DEE VABUNDANCE) ORF VR O RM GATE assy Raa: SmalnsleAuiem ARTHROPODS “Stoners es conch co Ge ao eee aCe anne ee 162 DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES ON HEMIPTERA—TI, Olsen........ 163 IPOIMAGOINIUA, IPIROGINIS, UN Ile I, TBE cs ascscabcnooscanscccdsauce 164 ANTS INTRODUCED INTO N. Y. AND N. J. AND A CORREC-— MEROIN "BeGliaertsschcP area ote ce eke k ee hee a Seagate nena ce ee 165 TWO COMPREHENSIVE NEW WORKS ON THE HEMIP-— SI ESIRVAC hPa Slat ey cesst st: sora tacts auaiiceueee sus aale a ee ae ads SP oot a ee 166 EDITORIALS (Uj Roe Ban ee eT eae 170 INAS OVS IAIN DS) UND) IXQILIDIRNGIUIS) ANID WWIBUMIDIS, IRILVAIINGS), IN/, WZ, Bequaer tina. (te. ce fi cee ie nathan ght RL a a We Car 171 IAROCMEDIUNGS, OW AIEVE SOCUBIN gosadccooonnoasocannacsccbuces 172 BC EEA NIG BS Ri Soi ie wlan WS Soci penne Se hone aaah rae DR eee 176 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Published in February, April, June, October and December of each year Subscription price, domestic, $1.50 per year; foreign, $1.75 in advance; single copies 35 cents. Advertising rates on application. Short articles, notes and observations of interest to entomologists are solicited, Au- thors will receive 25 reprints free if ordered in advance of publication. Address subscriptions and all communications to J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO, Editor, tr North Broadway, White Platns, N. Y. BOLE Erin OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VoL. XVIII DECEMBER, I923 No. 5 A SALDID GENUS NEW TO THE UNITED STATES AND A NEW SPECIES, WITH NOTES ON OTHER WATER BUGS FROM THE ADIRONDACKS. By J. R. bE La TorrE-BuENo, White Plains, N. Y. The northern mountain region of the State of New York is distinctly boreal in fauna, with affinities to the Palaearctic forms, and, at times, even identity of species, as, for example, the Penta- tomid Sciocoris microphthalmus, a distinctly European species, re- ported from Mt. Marcy. In the few species represented in this small collection made in the Adirondacks by Mr. Howard Notman (to whose kindness I am indebted for these interesting insects) there is the usual series of widespread forms. These include Notonecta variabilis Fieb., N. undulata Say, N. insulata Kirby, Microvelia americana Uhler, the abundant and country-wide Acanthia interstitialis Say, the common black A. major Prov., the rarer A. separata Uhler and A. reperta, the ubiquitous Micracanthia humilis Say, and the infre- quent Lampracanthia coriacea Uhler. Most interesting of all are the three specimens of Chartoscirta cursitans, the new species here described. There are also six species of Corixidae, unfortunately unnamed as yet, since this group continues in an unsatisfactory condition in spite of the work of Abbott and of Hungerford. There are no adequate tables except for a few of the species; and the characters employed are not always clean-cut and absolute. Abbott’s opinion expressed personally was that the group is still in a plastic, forma- tive condition; and that congeries of forms show considerable fluctuation around some one species as a mean, from which they 149 150 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII differ perhaps varietally, although as between each one of the radiating forms the differences assume specific proportions. Be this as it may, as yet it is not possible either to name our forms with certainty or to say how many valid species we have in the East; nor to control them adequately and distinguish the old from the undescribed. Here follow the actual records: Notonecta variabilis Fieb., Tivoli, Dutchess Co., 17 May, ’21; Black R., Lowville, Lewis Co., June 26, ’21. Reported from northern New York by Drake. N. undulata Say, Tivoli, May 26, ’21; Keene Valley, Essex Co., May 30; 720; Mt. Marcy, Essex: Cos July 25) and 27-5017 aaa species has already been reported by Van Duzee and Drake from this region. N. insulata Kirby, Mt. Marcy, July 27,17. These three species are widespread and reported throughout the northern part of the country. Acanthia major Prov., Wallface Mt., Essex Co., July 9, 722. Five specimens of this not rare form already reported by Van Duzee and Drake. : A. interstitialis Say, Canisteo, Steuben Co., June 3-8, ’22; Lake Tear, Mt. Marcy, Essex Co., July 27, ’22; Oakfield, Genesee Co., June 21 and 26, ’22; Indian Pass, Essex Co., July 10, ’22; Wall- face Mt., July 13, ’22. There are numerous specimens of this widespread and common variable species which, because of mis- identifications, has labored under various names. Van Duzee has already reported it under the name pallipes Fabr., and so has Drake in a recent paper, as well as under its own proper name. A. separata Uhler, Lake Tear, July 27, ’22; Oakfield, June 26, 22; Wallface Mt., July 9 and 10, ’22; Indian Pass, July 10, ’22. A. reperta Uhler, Walliace, July 13, ’22. Micracantua humilis Say, Lake Tear, July 27, ’22; Nichols, Tioga Co., May 5, ’22; Canisteo, June 3 and 8, ’22; Wallface Mt., July 9 and 11, ’22. This active and pretty little species is most widespread throughout the Atlantic seaboard, these present records notably extending its published distribution in the State. Lampracanthia coriacea Uhler, Wallface Mt., July 9 and 11, ’22; Ft. Hunter, Montgomery Co., May 31, ’21; Oakfield, June 26, ’22. Dec.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 151 This species is worthy of notice, since it has been put by Reuter in his genus above, together with L. crassicornis Uhler, which is the type. It does not appear to belong here, for reasons to be set forth at length in a revision of the family at present in progress. Among the differential characteristics are the size, facies, head structure, character of hemielytra and antennae, and others. In my present understanding, this species is the macropterous form of anthracina Uhler, over which the name has priority. All the dif- ferential structural characters given in the description of anthra- cina arise from its brachyptery. This instance is also pertinent to my remarks on fixed structural characters (this BULLETIN, xviii: pp. 138-143). Chartoscirta (Chartolampra) cursitans n. sp. Head: In natural position, as seen from above, 1% wider than long, two long wedge-shaped yellow glabrous calli nar- rowing anteriorly, next the eyes and beginning on a line drawn behind and tangent to the ocelli; back of head scabrous; a deep vertical sulcus anteriorly, not extending beyond the eyes, set in an oval trough, the sloping sides of which are trans- versely rugulose; the front with a transverse strongly sinuate carina callused laterally, starting at the eyes. Eyes converging anteriorly, as long as their farthest distance apart; ocelli sub- contiguous, on a line with the glabrous wedge; antennae longer than the length of the head, thorax and scutellum taken to- gether, segment I stoutest, shortest, slightly curved, set with a few fine spines or coarse bristles; II nearly as long as III and IV taken together, slender, setose; III and IV subequal, slightly stouter than II, IV subfusiform and slightly stouter i Be VE) 4 SAE than III; formula: ——_-, ——-, ——-, ——-; a pronounced 10 9 45 Zo 23 tubercle anterior to the insertion of the antennae. Rostrum going beyond the middle coxae (the extremity concealed by the mounting, which obscures the joints), of the typical struc- ture; clypeus pointed, slightly longer than wide. Prothorax about twice as wide posteriorly as long at the median line, anteriorly 44 wider than long, deeply excavate posteriorly ; callus well-marked, with a deep central round fovea, with rugulae radiating irregularly therefrom; flattened part behind the callus irregularly transversely rugulose. Scutellum slightly longer than broad, the transverse impression slightly nearer the base than the apex, the part anterior to the impression 152 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII more or less shagreened and the posterior coarsely transversely rugulose. Sternum too much obscured by mounting for de- scription. Hemielytra dull with short gray hairs; veins obsolete, ex- cept the claval suture and the main corial vein, the others represented by thickenings of the corium; membrane with four cells, the apex of the first set about 4% above the apex of the second, the two middle cells narrow, the fourth cell widest; corial margin widest on a line drawn through the posterior end of the commissure, explanate and slightly re- curved anteriorly, wider than the thorax and with a narrow reflexed edge; commissure *4 the length of the scutellum. General color piceous to black with a few white or yellow spots; membrane yellowish with darker cloudings. Legs: All three pairs long and evidently adapted for rapid movement; anterior femora but slightly thicker than the others, about twice as stout as tibiae, which are slightly en- larged apically; tibia subequal to femur; coxa *4 as long as tibia; 2d and 3d tarsal segments subequal; claws simple, mod- erate ; tibiae set with stout bristles and spines. Middle femora of same proportional stoutness, slightly longer than tibiae (60: 55) ; tarsal segments 2 and 3 subequal; tibia set with bristles and long scattered spines, which are quite abundant at the extremity and extend to the tarsi. Third femora of the same proportional thickness and same vestiture as others, 4% as long as tibiae (55: 110); 3d tarsal segment 4 length of 2d (15: 20); tibial and tarsal spines as in other segments, claws similar. Abdomen: Female, simple, the terminal rounded segment as long medially as the preceding three taken together; seg- ments 4 to 6 of equal length throughout and subequal to each other ; segment 3 medially of equal length to the others, but slightly longer at the connexivum, where it is subequal to segment 2; structure of segment one concealed by coxae; polished black with sparse gray hairs; extremity of female 7th segment oval in outline, quite recurved, ovipositor project- ing beyond it and visible beyond the hemielytra from above; male genital plate narrower and longer than female, roundedly prominent, claspers and other genitalia dorsal and concealed by the hemielytra, the other segments much as in the female. Female: Length to tip of hemielytra, 4.64 mm. Greatest width, 2.2 mm. Head, long, .6 mm.; wide, 1.14 mm. Thorax, long, .66 mm.; width, anterior, .9 mm.; width, posterior, 1.4 mm. Scutellum, long, .9 mm.; wide, 1 mm. — Dec.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 153 Male: Length, 4.15 mm. Width, 1.75 mm. Head, long, .6 mm.; wide, 1.1 mm. Thorax, long, .6 mm.; width, anterior, .72 mm.; width, posterior, 1.3 mm. Scutellum, long, .86 mm.; wide, .9 mm. (Note: All longitudinal measurements are along the median line ; all widths are maximum; measurements and proportions worked out under eyepiece micrometer ; description drawn up under binocular, * 10 eyepiece & 40 objective. ) The color is an ordinary dark and light pattern on the hemiely- tra, which might be called characteristically saldid. Head black, but the frontal calli at times are yellow; thorax black; scutellum black, legs parti-colored, lighter basally at joints. This does not purport to be a meticulous color description, which might fit one specimen, but no other in a series. Those familiar with saldids will have no difficulty in forming an idea of this; others must pin their faith to the structural details. Type: Female, Lake Tear, Mt. Marcy, Essex Co., N. Y., July 27, 1922. Paratypes: 2 males, same data. Collected by Mr. John D. Sherman, Jr.; in collection of the author. This species runs to sec. ii of Stal’s key in Synopsis Saldarum Sueciae (Ofv. Kong. Vet. Ak. Forh., 1868, no. 6, p. 393), but its greater length indicates its difference. In Reuter’s Species palae- arcticae generis Acanthia Fabr., Latr. (Act. Soc. Scien. Fenn., XX1, no. 2, pp. 5 and 52), it runs to Chartoscirta, but differs from that genus in not being much narrowed anteriorly ; in the callus extend- ing much behind the middle of the pronotum; and in the secondary color-pattern. It also runs to Chartoscirta in Reuter’s key in Zur generischen Teilung der paléarktischen und nearktischen Acan- thiaden (Ofv. Finsk. Vet.-Soc. Handl., Bd. LIV, no. 12, pp. 9-10 and 23), but does not quite agree in all characters. From the generic characterization (p. 23) it differs in the rostrum going beyond the middle coxae, the callus extending far backward behind the middle of the thorax, pushing the bounding sulcus likewise far back ; the scutellum as broad as long; and the third posterior tarsal joint shorter than the second. It might seem to come near Lam- pracanthia, but for the differences in antennal structure—the last two joints not notably thickened—and the sericeous and dull sur- 154 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII face of the hemielytra as against the glabrous and highly polished surface in the genus mentioned. This species may eventually be referred to a new genus, but at the moment it may be at best regarded as representing a new subgenus, which we may call Chartolampra, since it partakes of the characters of both genera. Chartoscirta (Chartolampra) cursitans here described is the type of the subgenus. Microvelia americana Uhler, Canisteo, June 3, ’22. A new lo- cality for this not uncommon and universal species of the genus. Here is another instance of the novelties in Hemiptera that we may confidently expect if there is the least effort made to collect them. It may seem importunate to dwell on this subject so con- tinuously, but since there are other orders and other insects than those contained in two or three of the better-known and more collected orders, it sometimes appears opportune to draw attention to them. And, furthermore, the activity in the preparation of the long- expected New York State List of Insects makes it imperative to secure all possible material for it. Notes on Calpodes Ethlius Cramer. (Lepidoptera Rhopalocera.) By E. L. Bett, Flushing, N. Y. During the first part of August, 1923, Miss Louise Knobel, of Hope, Arkansas, kindly sent to me several pupae of this large Hesperid, which she obtained by raising the larvae gollecte: on canna in her neighborhood. She states that this is the first time she has found this species in her locality and inquiries among her neighbors failed to obtain any other record of its former occurrence there. The butterflies were first observed by her in early June and have since been appearing in increasing numbers and doing considerable damage to the cannas. Miss Knobel also says that the most larvae are found on the green-leaved plants bearing red flowers, fewer larvae on the plants. bearing pink flowers or those having reddish leaves and rarely any on those bearing yellow flowers. Dec.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 155 NOTE ON OGDOCONTA CINEREOLA GUEN. By F. H. CuitTtenpen, Washington, D. C. Observations conducted by the writer in the District of Columbia on this noctuid indicate that the name of “bean cutworm”’ be- stowed by Ashmead on the larva in 1887+ and adopted by others, epee Larva of Ogdoconta cinercola resting on leaf of Helianthus tuberosus—3 times natural size. including the writer, is a misnomer. In the first place, it is not a cutworm and does not even belong to the group containing the cutworms; and in the second place, there is doubt if it ever does much injury to beans, the suspicion being that the real cause of injuries to beans which have been recorded was in reality the green clover worm (Plathypena scabra Fab.), the larva of which super- ficially resembles this insect, and a species which occasionally does serious injury to leguminous crops, as in the year 1919. July 4-7, 1916, the larva was observed in the District of Colum- bia working on the lower surface of Jerusalem artichoke (Heli- anthus tuberosus) and on sunflower (H. annuus). Larvae rest habitually during the day stretched out on the midribs (Fig. 1), and when the plants are in shade they feed freely and “rag” the foliage badly. Unfortunately, for photographic purposes, the presence of this larva is often complicated by that of loopers and 1 Ashmead, W. H.—Bul. 14, Div. Ent., U.S. D. A., p. 21. 156 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII woolly bears, so that it has been impossible to secure a character- istic illustration of its work. Larvae under observation became full grown July 7 and two days later had all disappeared, pupae being found a few days later. This species forms regular cocoons and at least two or three days elapse before the pupal condition is reached. The pupal period is about 10 days in an average temperature of 83° F.; minimum 78° Ke imaximtum 67 Ee. A general account of this noctuid was published by the writer in 1902,? in which it was stated that the species is probably not limited to beans among cultivated plants for food. It has been recorded as breeding on ragweed, cocklebur, and sunflower. From moths which developed in the field during the third week of July, a second generation would develop a month later. Owing to the rather thorough collecting of the larvae where they were available for the purpose of rearing parasites, few were left for a second generation. Possibly there is at least a third generation in nature. Since 1916 the larva has not been observed, although fre- quent search has been made for it on sunflower and artichoke. A single parasitic enemy may be recorded, a sarcophagid, Cupho- cera ruficauda Wied., which issued July 20 and was identified by Mr. W. R. Walton. This species might be known as the striped artichoke caterpillar, since, as above pointed out, the term “bean cutworm” is not applicable. New Host for Membracidae.—In the river valleys of Kentucky there are abundant rank growths of hemp, probably escapes from cultivation. These bottomland patches have been found to be the best collecting ground in the State for various species of the genus Ceresa, particularly C. bubalus Fabr., C. tauwrina Fitch, and C. diceros Say. Curiously enough these membracids are seldom found in the cultivated fields of the same plant—W. D. Funx- HOUSER, Lexington, Ky. 2 Bul. 33, n. s., Div. Entom., pp. 98-100. Te ™ Dec.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 157 THE RANGE OVERLAPPING OF ANOPHELES MACULI- PENNIS MEIG. AND ANOPHELES QUADRI- MACULATUS SAY. By StranLey B. Freeporn, California Agric. Exper. Station, Berkeley, Calif. On October 8 the writer, while collecting at Leverett, Massa- chusetts, a town about 10 miles north of Amherst, took two swarms of male anophelines near the shores of Leverett Pond. One swarm was dancing over a small pine tree and the other was in an open space on the shores of the pond about seventy-five yards from the first swarm. Both swarms were received in the same killing bottle, as they were supposed to be the ordinary 4-spotted eastern anopheline, Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. Later examination, however, showed that some of the forms had the bronzy patch at the apex of the wing fringe and the study of the terminalia con- firmed the fact that these forms were the holarctic species, Anoph- eles maculipennis Meigen, which has not been reported hitherto from any point on the Atlantic Coast farther south than Weld, Franklin County, Maine (H. G. Dyar, July 25, 1910). It is of particular interest to find these two very closely allied species overlapping in range and yet maintaining their specific characters in a decidedly distinct manner. Asa matter of fact, the bronzy patch of maculipennis is far more distinct in these speci- mens than it is in some California specimens, where it is so indis- tinct that terminalian characters must be studied to separate it from quadrimaculatus, although the latter has never been taken on the Pacific Coast. The relation of these two important malaria-bearing species has been so confused that few entomologists except the culicidologists have followed their vagaries and a few words concerning their position may not be amiss. For a long time Say’s quadrimaculatus was considered synonymous with Meigen’s European maculipennis following the lead of Loew. Many American authors maintained the specificity of quadrimaculatus, however, until Theobald in 1901 again combined the two forms under maculipennis, which was fol- lowed until 1906, when Dyar and Knab again separated the two. In the same year Dyar founded a new species, occidentalis, for the Pacific Coast and Canadian form, which differs from quadrimacu- latus by having a bronzy patch on the apical wing fringe and sharp setae on the claspette lobes of the male terminalia, while the wing 158 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII fringe of quadrimaculatus is uniform and the setae of the claspette lobe blunt. In the monograph, Howard, Dyar, and Knab added confusion to the synonymy by suggesting that inasmuch as Say’s locality for his quadrimaculatus was “ Northwest Territory,” this name should apply to the western form (Dyar’s occidentalis), and that the eastern form previously known as quadrimaculatus would revert to guttulatus Harris. Fortunately, before this change be- came popularized it was pointed out that Say’s “ Northwest Terri- tory” was that of 1787, including the area south of the Great Lakes and what is now Minnesota and Wisconsin, and that the expedition on which Say obtained his type penetrated no farther west than the present site of Pembina, N.D. This left occidentalis as the Canadian and Pacific Slope representative and quadrimacu- latus as the form found in the central part of the United States and along the Atlantic seaboard. However, in 1921, Mr. F. W. Edwards tentatively pointed out that occidentalis Dyar and quadri- maculatus Meig. were synonymous pending the agreement of the egg stage. The writer was able to supply Mr. Edwards with a description of this stage by means of which he verified his decision, which was concurred in by Dr. H. G. Dyar, whom the writer sup- plied with eggs. The result of this long discussion is that Anopheles quadrimacu- latus is the nearctic species extending throughout central and east- ern United States and Anopheles maculipennis is the holarctic species extending from northern Europe through Alaska and Can- ada and dipping into the United States along the Pacific Slope, at various points along the northern border, and into New England, where it overlaps with quadrimaculatus in Massachusetts. The synonymy of the two species is as follows: Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say (1834). Anopheles guttulatus Harris (1836). Anopheles annulimanus v. d. Wulp (1867). Anopheles maculipennis Meig. Anopheles maculipennis Meig. (1818). Anopheles occidentalis Dyar (1906). Anopheles lewist Ludlow (1920). Anopheles selengensis Ludlow (1920). ais ye Dec.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 159 CALIFORNIA BUTTERFLY NOTES—I. By Kart R. Coortpce, Hollywood, California. Pieris rapae Linn. Along the beach at Santa Barbara, in 1916, I observed a 9 of this pest hovering about an ice plant, an odd fleshy maritime plant common along the coast of Southern California. She was flutter- ing ovipositingly, but a careful search of the plant failed to reveal any eggs. In 1919, however, Mr. Adrian van Rossem informed me that he had observed a rapae ovipositing on an ice plant at Anaheim Beach, near Los Angeles, and two days later I visited this spot and found both eggs and larvae. The ice plant (Mesem- bryanthemum crystallinum Linn.) is a member of the Aizoaceae, or Carpet-weed family, and constitutes a new food-plant for rapae. Regarding the vernal form of rapae, immaculata Cockerell (also Skinner & Aaron), I believe this name to be superseded by that of metra Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent., Haust., I, 19-20, 147-148, 1827. Scudder, Butt. N. Eng., Vol. 2, p. 1207, 1889, calls attention to this, writing: “Pieris rapae metra. Meyer Dir gives the following distinc- tion between the spring and summer broods (which I believe Zeller was the first to point out forty years ago) as they appear in Switz- erland. The spring specimens are dull white; above, the apex of the forewings is narrowly grayish, the bases of all the wings strongly sprinkled with black scales; the spot in the upper median interspace of the fore wings and the costal spot of the hind wings are small, generally pale grayish or even wanting; the under sur- face of the hind wings is dull yellow with black flecking, which, especially along the median nervure, is pretty heavy; the abdomen is clothed with long hairs.” Barnes and McDunnough (Check List) place novangliae Scud- der as a 2 aberration of rapae, though Scudder writes: “I have only seen males,” though adding later on: “ Females, however, are not unknown.” Strymon avalona Wright. Described from Santa Catalina Island, some thirty miles off the coast of, and part of, Los Angeles County, California. It is quite a common butterfly on the island, the first brood emerging in late January or early February, and successive broods from then on until late fall. It is the most abundant in the hot fall months, 160 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII August and September. In early August, 1919, Mr. H. H. New- comb and the writer found the species very common on the hot, dry hillsides a mile or so from Avalon, the principal town of the island. The butterflies were feeding on Eriogonum giganteum, which is confined to Catalina and the other channel islands, and concluding that this was the food-plant, I confined nine females with some sprigs of it and brought them to Los Angeles. Two days later all were dead, only one having placed a single egg on the bottom of the jar, and this was injured in removing it. In February, 1921, Mr. Adrian van Rossem observed a 9 avalona ovipositing on the under surface of the leaves of Syr- matium ornithopium Greene, a plant of the Fabaceae family, but unfortunately misplaced the eggs so obtained. S. ormithopium is mainly an insular plant, occurring on Santa Catalina, Santa Bar- bara, San Nicolas, San Clemente, and Guadalupe Islands, and on the mainland of Lower California. From the single egg obtained in 1919 the following description was made: Egg Strymon ava- lona.—In shape a depressed echinoid, the base and top sharply flattened. Ornamented with a low raised net work, pure white, the cell walls about .001 mm. in thickness. On the sides of the egg this net work divides itself into mostly sub-triangular cells, averaging .025 mm. in length; many, however, are distinctly sub- quadrate. On the summit the subquadrate cells predominate, and some are five sided. At the angles formed by these cells are the usual rounded protuberances, about .015 mm. in thickness and .002 mm. in height. The micropyle in a low circular depression, with gently sloping sides, .13 mm. in diameter; the rosette composed of a group of equal suboval cells, .02 mm. in length on the average. Color bright bluish green. Height .32 mm. Diameter .58 mm. Strymon melinus Hubner. In addition to the various cultivated beans, I have found the following food-plants of melinus in California: M alvaceae. Malva borealis Linn.—Cheeseweed, a very common weed in California, introduced from Europe. ‘This is the usual food-plant here, the eggs being placed on the young flower buds. Also on M. rotundifolia Linn., Dwarf Mallow, and M. parviflora Linn., Small Flowered Mallow, both importations from Europe. Dec.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 161 Sphaeralcea ambigua Gray.—Desert Mallow. On the Colorado Desert, with the eggs on the flower buds, seed pods, rarely on the upper surfaces of the leaves. Polygonaceae. Polygonum lapathifolium Linn—Common Knotweed. At Buena Vista Lake, Kern County, the egg placed on the spikes. Labiatae. Hyptis emoryi.—Desert Lilac. On the Colorado Desert, the eggs tucked in between the young flower buds. Goniurus proteus Linn. Seven or eight years ago this species appeared in considerable numbers in the bean fields about Los Angeles, but appears now to have disappeared, and I know of no captures here since 1915. I observed proteus at Lindsay, Tulare County, in the fall of 1910, and took several examples at Santa Paula, Ventura County, in 1914. Proteus is now quite common in the Imperial Valley, and in the past year or so seems to have invaded the Coachella Valley, in Riverside County, this being really only a western extension of the Imperial. I found the butterfly ovipositing on string beans about Indio and Indian Wells, and the ranchers there informed me that they had only observed the species that season. Several 2 2 were also seen ovipositing on the under surfaces of the leaves of the mesquite or algaroba (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.), a small tree or shrub well known in the desert regions, belonging to the Mimosaceae family, and I believe this to be a new food-plant for the species. Epargyreus exadeus Cramer. The only specific record of this species in the United States that I can find is by Skinner (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., p. 194, 1911), recording a fresh specimen taken in March at San Luis Obispo, Calif. Lindsey, in his recent revision of the Hesperioidae, also lists New Mexico and Arizona. From the collection of E. K. Harvey I have a battered example of exadeus labeled: “ Rare skipper, ?, June 20, 1905. Taken in my backyard, 1408 Burling- ton Ave., Los Angeles, Calif.” Like Calpodes ethlius Cramer, which has on several occasions been taken about Los Angeles near beds of its food-plant, cannas, exadeus has no doubt been brought here on its food-plant in some immature form, and can hardly be classed as native to California. 162. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVII ON THE ABUNDANCE OF TROPICAL TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS. By. Dayton STONER, State University of Iowa, lowa City, Iowa. The relative abundance of terrestrial arthropodan life, particu- larly insect life, in the moist tropical regions is well known. But it was not until the occurrence of my visit to the Fiji Islands on a collecting trip last summer that the matter was forcefully brought to my attention. Of the approximately two hundred islands in the Fiji group, Viti Levu is the largest (about 7,500 square miles in area). It lies in 18° south latitude and 178° west longitude. The topogra- phy is volcanic and rough; and rainfall is most abundant on the southeast or “ wet” side of the island in the vicinity of Suva, the principal town and political capital of the group. Here the annual precipitation averages about 130 inches. In December, 1918, a rainfall of 107 inches occurred. An overland journey of ten miles to Nausori, thence by launch up the Rewa River twenty-five miles, brings one to the native vil- lage of Viria, about which is more or less of the original bush, and to which place I went in search of insects and other arthropods. The village is occupied by approximately sixty Fijians living in a variety of houses arranged in the form of a hollow square where the grass is kept continually short by pigs, goats, and numerous bare feet. Unfortunately for me, a drizzling rain set in the morning after my arrival and continued during the day without intermission, sometimes increasing to a steady downpour. In spite of the in- clement weather I started on my quest, and when the rainfall be- came exceedingly copious—which it did at frequent intervals—I sought shelter under the dripping trees. On one occasion, advantage was taken of a coconut tree in a small taro patch. Here, while undergoing a drenching only a little more slowly than if I had been totally unprotected, I turned my attention to the arthropod life on the tree trunk which was about seven inches in diameter. My observations extended over a period of only twenty-five minutes and were made on an area occupied by the circumference of the basal portion of the trunk for a verti- cal distance of five feet. The following arthropods were seen thereon during this time: te Dec.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 163 Pseudoscorpiones, 1 species; Araneina, several individuals of 2 species; Collembola (springtails), many individuals; Dermaptera, 1 species; Heteroptera, 1 species; Coleoptera, 1 elaterid, 1 ceram- bycid, and 2 or 3 other species, one of which was an inquiline; Diptera, several individuals of 3 or 4 species; Hymenoptera—of flying forms, several individuals of 2 species—of ants, many indi- viduals of at least 2 species. Many individuals embracing eight orders and at least seventeen species of terrestrial arthropods were seen here in this brief space of time. No doubt a more minute examination would have re- vealed still others. Possibly the arthropod life is more abundant in such a situation during a period of rainy weather, but its pres- ence under even these conditions is at least suggestive of the intri- cate ecological complex of which it forms an interesting and im- portant part. DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES ON HEMIPTERA (NO. 1). By Curis. E. Otsen, Nyack, N. Y. Banasa euchlora Stal.—To this strictly southern species of Penta- tomidae must be recorded an added northward extension of its ~ distribution. Mr. F. M. Schott has collected a specimen at Long Beach, L. I., N. Y., March 27, 1921, and another at Atlantic City, April 9, 1922. Both specimens were taken in wash-up at tide line. This not only extends the distribution of this species considerably northwards, but it also adds a species to both New York and New Jersey State lists of Pentatomidae, and a rare record for the Long Island List of Insects. Podisus fretus Olsen—This species is not common at all. It is being perhaps overlooked on account of its close resemblance to other allied species that are more or less common (P. maculiventris and P. serieventris). Another specimen has been collected by Mr. F. M. Schott at Burnsville, N. J., August 12, 1917. Hesperotingis antennata Parshley.— Another record must be added to the list of odd captures of this species. Previously it has been known by single specimen from Fire Island, N. Y. (Bueno),* Delaware Water Gap (Slosson),* New Haven, Conn. * Collector. 164 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII (Olsen).* Type came from Lakehurst, N. J. (Barber).* Mr. F. M. Schott has taken a very fine specimen at Huntington, L. L., N. Y., July 10, 1921. This is the second record for Long Island. Pithanus maerkelii (Herrick-Schaeffer).—This was first found at Long Island by the writer; later it was reported by Prof. Parsh- ley from several places in Maine. In one of his papers appears the record of its occurring in British Columbia. I have later col- lected this at Woods Hole, July 15, 1918, and with Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno at White Plains. Recently Mr. F. M. Schott col- lected a specimen from Wading River, L. I., N. Y., June 27, 1922. (Again taken at White Plains on June 24, 1923J. R. T.-B.) Ceresa albescens Van Duzee—Two specimens of this species have been taken by Mr. Harry B. Weiss at Middlesex Co., N. J., August 6, 1921, and one by Mr. Ernest Shoemaker at Alex. Co., Va., July 7, 1918. It is not often met with in record or collections, although it seems to show a wide range of distribution, being de- scribed from specimens taken at Hamburg, N. Y., Niagara Falls, Ont., and Effingham, Kans. Mr. I. Matausch reared this species from nymphs found in the vicinity of Elizabeth and Newark in 1910. These records seem to have been missed in the New Jersey list. There is a small discrepancy between the three above-men- tioned specimens and the description in the length of the clypeus. All other parts fit well, and, without doubt, these specimens belong here. Acanalomia bivittata (Say) .—It is well known that among green colored insects, especially among certain grasshoppers of the family Locustidae and the leafhoppers genus Gypona, we find occasional pink, red, or brown colored specimens. Mr. Harry B. Weiss has taken a beautiful bright red example of the above-mentioned spe- cies at Middlesex Co., N. J., August 20, 1921. I have taken an- other from Ulster Park, August, 1922. Mr. Dickerson has taken several in New Jersey. Mr. Wm. T. Davis mentions that in his experience, wherever these color varieties are taken, they are apt to be found again. Polygonia progne on Long Island.—During my collecting at Flushing, Long Island, N. Y., this summer I took two specimens Dec.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 165 of Polygonia progne Cramer, one in perfect condition on June 23, 1923, and a worn one on August 11.—E. L. Bett, Flushing, N. Y. Ants Accidentally Introduced into New York and New Jersey; and a Correction.—Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno has recently pre- sented me with a number of worker-ants and cocoons which were taken in a bunch of bananas bought in New York City. Prof. W. M. Wheeler, who has kindly examined these insects, writes me: “ The specimens from the bananas I take to be Camponotus (Myrmothrix) abdominalis (Fabricius) subsp. ustulatus Forel var. mediopallidus Forel. They are darker than specimens of this same variety from Mexico and perhaps represent a new variety, but the species is so variable and so many forms have already been described that I should place them, at least provisionally, with mediopallidus.’ This ant can not, of course, be included in the local fauna on the strength of this accidental introduction. Its capture is nevertheless interesting as illustrating once more the ease with which Formicidae are transported from their original homes. With the ever-increasing commercial relations between the tropics of various parts of the world, the possibility of certain species being carried over great distances by man should always be kept in mind by students of zoogeography. In the list of Long Island and Staten Island ants published in this Butietin for February, 1922, Mr. W. T. Davis and I said that Tetramorium guineense (Fabricius) had not yet been re- corded from New Jersey. This statement is due to an oversight. In 1914, Mr. H. B. Weiss found not only this Tetramorium, but also two other species of exotic ants, Pheidole anastasii Emery and Prenolepis fulva Mayr subsp. pubens Forel, nesting in a green- house at Rutherford, New Jersey (Ent. News, XXVI, 10915, p. 106). The Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr, was also met with in New Jersey on one occasion, in packing of nursery stock received from Germany (T. J. Headlee, 35th Rept. New Jer- sey Agric. Exp. Stat. for 1914, 1915, p. 353). There is, however, no record as yet of this Iridomyrmex having become established in greenhouses in this vicinity, so that it could not properly be listed among the ants of New Jersey. In the Southern States and in California it has become a very troublesome pest—J. BEQUAERT, New York. 166 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII BOOK NOTES. Two New Comprehensive Works on the Hemiptera: a Review. By H. M. Parsutey, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. Fashions change in entomology as elsewhere and it is now quite a la mode to work on the Hemiptera, formerly the most neglected of the larger orders of insects. Not only are many of the younger students choosing Hemipterology as a life-work, but even among the Dipterists, Coleopterists, and encyclopaedists few there be who do not feel impelled to supplement their ordinary labors by dashing off in odd moments a monograph on some inviting group of the bugs. In contrast to the resulting publications, which, of course, are very uneven in quality and fragmentary in nature, the attention of the reader is called to two recently published works, the one English, the other American; both are comprehensive, authorita- tive, and 100 per cent. hemipterological in authorship. 1. A Biology of the British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. By Ed- ward A. Butler. (H. F. and G. Witherby, London, 1923.) 682 pp., 7 plates (photographic and colored), numerous text-figures, bibliography, table of seasonal distribution, systematic list of spe- cies, and index. This great work aims “to gather together into one book all the information that has been amassed by various observers, whether in the British Isles, on the Continent, or in America, about the early stages, the life history, and the habitats, habits, and distribu- tion of [the] British species.” Taxonomic and descriptive matter pertaining to the adult condition is included only where the author finds it desirable to supplement the treatment provided in Saun- der’s well-known manual, and in fact there is very little of purely systematic interest beyond a few abbreviated keys in the chapter on Miridae and an occasional enumeration of varietal forms. From the ecological standpoint, however, this book marks a great advance, since at a single step it brings the biological aspect of Hemipterology from far in the rear to a position almost abreast the systematic. After an introduction dealing with generalities, such as rela- tions to the Continental fauna, nymphal characteristics, wing poly- 66 Dec.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 167 morphism, food plants, etc., the body of the work is devoted to the detailed ecology of each species in the British list, in para- graphs headed: Ova, Larvae, Life-cycle, Habitat, etc. (a very comprehensive section!), and Distribution. The nymphs of a great many species are represented in simple text figures, while the eggs and some of the more striking larvae of certain species are shown on excellent photographic and colored plates. In spite of the large amount of information compiled by the author and the extensive original contributions resulting from his own experience, the word “unknown” frequently follows the paragraph heading. This is, indeed, an admission of ignorance, but such a definite statement of inadequacies will serve a very useful purpose by indi- cating directions in which future research is sure to be fruitful. Would that the taxonomists were always equally frank in matters of uncertainty or ignorance! Mr. Butler’s work merits nothing but praise; and it is destined to become one of the classics of the subject, since it is sound and original in plan, comprehensive in scope, and valuable, directly or by analogy, in the study of other faunas. 2. The Hemiptera or Sucking Insects of Connecticut. By W. E. Britton [editor], J. F. Abbott, A. C. Baker, H. G. Barber, W. T. Davis, D. M. DeLong, W. D. Funkhouser, H. H. Knight, A. C. Maxson, H. Osborn, H. M. Parshley, E. M. Patch, L. A. Stearns, J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, E. P. Van Duzee, and H. F. Wilson. Bull. 34, State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey; Guide to the Insects of Connecticut, Part IV. 807 pp., 20 pls., 169 text- figs. This publication indicates a distinct stage in the development of American Hemipterology, and for two reasons. In the first place, it is the only detailed taxonomic treatise covering any considerable portion of the North American continent—it is intended to include all the species of the northeastern states—and in the second place, it recognizes the growth of specialization by making use of the varied abilities of no less than sixteen different authors! The editor has shown commendable judgment in organizing a coherent whole from very diverse materials, without sacrificing in any im- portant respect the individuality of any of the collaborators ; and 168 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII the important matter of fixing responsibility is taken care of by the simple device of stating the author’s name in connection with - the treatment of each family. In this Bulletin the word Hemiptera is used in its broadest sense, the Parasitica (sucking lice) being included as well as the Homoptera and Heteroptera; and since the scale insects and aphids are fully treated the volume will be valued for its economic impor- tance as well as its taxonomic completeness. In the introduction the editor discusses such matters as life history, economic importance, statistics, collectors, and authorship, giving under the latter heading brief statements regarding the specialists who were called upon to work up the various families. The bulletin includes treatment of 1,646 species and varieties, of which 872 are definitely recorded from Connecticut; there are 486 genera, distributed in families as follows: Parasitica, 4; Homop- tera, 9; Heteroptera, 32. _ Each suborder is introduced by a key to families, following which the various’ groups, down to species and variety, are eluci- dated by tables for determination and in most cases by brief de- scriptions and discussions of anatomy, habits, and economic impor- tance. A large number of new figures are given to illustrate the general appearance and important structural characters of most of the families. One hundred and twenty-seven species and varieties are described as new (mostly Miridae), and throughout the work the authors have introduced a great deal of novel and original taxonomic matter. It is impossible to consider in detail the various contributions, all of which merit the close study of the student, but I find myself unable to conclude this review without especial mention of Dr. H. H. Knight’s paper on the Miridae (Capsidae). The founda- tions for the study of this large and difficult family were laid by Reuter, whose life-work is represented by a series of profound and, it must be confessed, often enigmatic monographs. In this country both Uhler and Heidemann made ambitious plans for work on the Mirids, but death supervened before their labors approached completion. Dr. Knight has for some years devoted youth, industry, and marked ability exclusively to this family ; and Dec., 1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 169 now, in this contribution to the Connecticut Bulletin, he has achieved what his predecessors failed to accomplish. In spite of the sectional character of the Bulletin as a whole, the chapter on Miridae constitutes a fundamental monograph of the family, need- ing only a certain degree of expansion in details to cover the North American fauna completely. Original keys, brief descriptions, and numerous figures of genitalia are employed in treating the 403 species and varieties referred to (only 149 of them from Con- necticut!), and a large number of forms are described as new, of which many are of common occurrence, though hitherto unstudied. If it were necessary to choose among the contributions to this volume, on the basis of originality of treatment and the filling of long-felt wants, it seems to me that first place must be awarded to Knight’s work on the Miridae, with DeLong’s paper on the Cica- dellidae a good second. The other authors need not repine, how- ever; this award is by no means official, and each one who reads and uses the Bulletin will form his own, and perhaps a different, opinion. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Explanation of All Technical Terms Used in Entomology. By Joun B. Smiru, Sc.D. (The Glossary) Cloth... $3.00 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society (un- DUaIDN ee OSH AO, (PEL N VOL.) ) x oinieiaie sjajce npn in ask lee specs! ans Lz TIE SOS ie ey ee a! ee ee 1.25 Aro 11S TRACE) Se ea ao 1.50 Entomologica Americana, vols. 1-6, each............... 2.50 Re Gls i ATIC ACAI. < oe once: re zn Ae oben ae 5 aia eran ms eraae 3.00 Mesagrapn of (Plusia, Ottolengui... ...). 0. 5.4 eeiges .50 Orders for publications must be sent with remittance to Lt- BRARIAN, Brooklyn Entomological Society, c/o Central Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. 170 ~=©Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII EDITORIAL. The Crumbs of Dives. (Our subscribers are asked to read this attentively.) Much has happened in the printing field since that day five years ago on which we were enwrapped in the mantle of editorship. The sufficiently uneasy position of our entomological publications has become steadily more difficult. This BuLLetiIn, while endeavoring to give its subscribers as much as possible, has done so in the face of steadily advancing costs, which have outstripped our growing subscription list. Now, we ask our friends who have demonstrated their liking for our publication in so many and so excellent ways once more to cooperate with us—as they so generously did last year—in enlarging our subscription list. If you who read this will get us one more subscriber, it will be just that much help in main- taining the standard we ever endeavor to reach. So much for the personal part—or the selfish part. The general fact is that such forms of science as ours—highly technical, seemingly unremunerative, quite inconspicuous—are over- looked by those generous and public-spirited citizens who are the mainstay of art and of the more picturesque and potentially more remunerative forms of science. All the world is struck with the great advances in preventive medicine, but few realize to what extent they are builded on the solid foundations of life-histories and habits of insects, founda- tions laid by unobtrusive and unknown entomologists. It is ento- mologists who have paved the way for the sanitation of the tropics, for the abolition of malaria, and of the many other diseases whose causative organisms depend upon insects for transmission. But it is the medical profession and its great research institutions which seem to reap all the support. It is they who enjoy the millions for scientific work. We speak under correction, but it seems to us that a few crumbs from the overflowing table of Dives would not be missed. But they certainly would help nourish our journals suffering from malnutrition, beri-beri,.and similar ills of lack of nourishment. Just so little as 4%» of 1 per cent. of $5,000,000, say, would help Dec.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 171 wonderfully to set up any of our entomological journals for the next five years. These thoughts are commended particularly to such of our readers as can use them to good purpose, and to all others as a subject of meditation. (N. B. Contributions for scientific purposes are exempt from income taxes. ) Charges for Reprints. Our charges for reprints again change. Printing costs continue to advance, and have gone up nearly 100 per cent., and while we will not discontinue our established practice of giving authors 25 separates, these hereafter will be in loose sheets, without change as printed. Authors who desire the reprint form such as we have given heretofore, we regret to have to say it, we must charge a higher rate. Such reprints will not be printed in lots less than 100. Inthe February number we will give the new rates for such special reprints. We announce this now, so that our friends will be informed of this change we are compelled to make in our policy regarding reprints. The new form goes into effect after this number. Neopasites and Polyergus (Hym.) at White Plains, New York.—The recent capture in that locality of Neopasites illinoten- sis Robertson deserves to be placed on record, since this small, parasitic bee has not to my knowledge been before listed from the vicinity of New York City. The specimen, a female, was obtained by Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, June 23, 1923. In the Hymenop- tera of Connecticut the species is mentioned as taken at New Haven. On July 1, 1923, Mr. Bueno and I had the good fortune of witnessing the return to the nest of a marauding column of the slave-making ant, Polyergus lucidus Mayr. The several workers, each carrying a pupa robbed from the nest of a Formica, were crossing the road on the dam of the White Plains Reservoir, at 5.30 P.M.—J. BEQuaErt, Boston, Mass. 172 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. MEETING oF OcrToBER 26, 1922.—Mr. Engelhardt announced the death of Mr. Silas C. Wheat, Active Member of the Society. (An obituary notice was published in the BuLtetin for October, 1922.) Local Records.—Dr. Bequaert mentioned that one of the type specimens of Pedinomma nearcticum Brues, described in Psyche for February, 1922, was collected at Wyandanch, Long Island, by Mr. Davis. He also read a short note on “ Dolichopodidae from the Source of the Hudson River, N. Y.” (see BuLtetin for De- cember, 1922), and another on the local species of Trachytrechus (see BULLETIN for October, 1923). Scéentific Programme.—Account of the members’ summer ex- periences and observations.—Mr. Schaeffer recorded finding Do- nacia tuberculata Lacordaire at Maspeth, Long Island. Mr. Weeks spoke of Vespa diabolica attacking and eating the drones which had been dumped out of a swarm of honey bees. | Mr. Bueno had found Microvelia hinet Drake in great numbers near White Plains, N.Y. Dr. Bequaert spoke of his trip to Europe and more particularly of his visit to the British Museum. He ex- hibited a specimen of Microdon bombiformis Townsend found on Staten Island by Mr. Davis. Mr. H. Notman described his col- lecting trips to various parts of New York State. At Nichols, Tioga Co., on the Susquehanna River, he obtained, May 20, Philodes testaceus (Leconte) and Pericompsus ephippiatus (Say). Mr. Engelhardt exhibited a series of twenty of the Aphis butterfly, Feniseca tarquinius (Fabricius), selected out of a lot of over fifty specimens to show color variation within one species. Beginning with examples nearly devoid of the black margins across the pri- maries and lacking the marginal spots on the secondaries, the series showed a gradual intensification to cross bars on the primaries and connected bands on the secondaries. All of the specimens were bred from alder twigs infested by the cottony alder aphis, obtained in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, August-September. The pres- ence of the larvae would be indicated by the ragged appearance of the aphis colonies, but no attempt was made to ascertain their num- ber at the time of collecting. Mr. Engelhardt also showed three species of Aegeriidae collected by Mr. E. Bell at Ogdensburg, New Jersey, in July and August: Albuna fraxini gloriosa G. P. Engel- hardt (Ampelopsis root-borer), Memythrus sepsifornus Hy. Ed- wards (Grape-vine root-borer), and Alcathoe caudata var. walkers Neumoegen (Clematis root-borer). One is a new record for New Dec.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 173 Jersey, another had only been recorded once, and the third is an aberration of which only a few specimens are known. Mr. Schaef- fer showed a number of interesting captures made by Mr. Schott: Aphodius haemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, taken at Wading River, L. I., in small numbers, June 24; this is the second record of this species for the United States and the first for Long Island; it has, how- ever, also been found by Mr. Schott at Huntington, L. I., and Lake- hurst, N. J.; it is a recent importation from Europe. Scolia no- bilitata Fabricius was found by Mr. Schott on Long Island, and on July 3, 1922, Mr. Schaeffer took it also at Yaphank, L. I. Mr. Schaeffer further exhibited Orycnemus nigripennis (Leconte) and Anchytarsus bicolor (Melsheimer), both taken by him at Yaphank, L. I., and a specimen of Cuterebra horripslum Clark which he found at Wading River, L. I. Mr. Bell showed, among other of his captures, Gnorimus maculatus found by him on beach plum blossom at Coram, L. I. Mr. Davis read some remarks on Polistes wasps and their nests, to be published in the Proceedings of the Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences. Upon request from the chair, Mr. F. H. Benjamin discussed various difficulties of entomological nomenclature. MEETING oF NovEMBER 16, 1922.—Local Records.—Mr. W. T. Davis read a short note upon the swarming of Lasius claviger (Roger) as observed on Staten Island, November 7. He further mentioned that on November 2 Polistes pallipes Lepeletier had been found again on the same stone from which a whole month before a nest had been removed. Mr. Engelhardt showed over 100 specimens of two species of Aegeriidae, Euhagena nebraskae Hy. Edwards and Paranthrene canescens Hy. Edwards, received from Colorado through Mr. Oslar. Long Island Records.—Mr. Doll showed Melalopha albosigma Fitch bred from a cocoon found at Jamaica North, Long Island. The other Long Island record for this species is a specimen taken by Mr. Engelhardt at Pennequid Barrens. Scientific Programme.—Under the title “ Entomological So- cieties Here and Abroad,’ Dr. Bequaert related some of his ex- periences at the meetings of various entomological societies in Belgium, France, and England, comparing them with similar ac- tivities of the American societies. Upon request from the Chair, Dr. Blatchley said that he was now on his way to South America, where he intended doing ento- 174. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XVIII mological work, especially in the Hemiptera. He recalled some of his experiences since he started his entomological career, 37 years ago. He had successfully devoted himself to the study of Cole- optera and Orthoptera and was at present working at a Manual of the Heteroptera of the Eastern United States. MEETING oF DecemsBer 14, 1922.—This was devoted to the Semi-Centennial Celebration of the Society. Dr. C. P. Alex- ander, of the Massachusetts Agricultural College at Amherst, Mass., was elected a member of the Society. Dr. L. O. Howard, Prof. Comstock, and Rev. C. J. S. Bethune were elected Honorary Members of the Society, and Mr. C. W. Leng was elected Honorary President. Scientific Programme.—Mr. C. W. Leng delivered a delightful lecture entitled “ Memories of Fifty Years Ago,” which was greatly enjoyed by all present. (See BuLtetin for February, 1923.) ANNUAL MEETING, JANuARY 11, 1923.—The following officers were elected to serve during the year 1923: President, Mr. Wm. T. Davis; Vice-President, Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno; Corre- sponding Secretary, Mr. Howard Notman; Recording Secretary, Dr. J. Bequaert; Treasurer, Mr. G. P. Engelhardt; Curator, Mr. G. Franck. The election of a Librarian was postponed till the next meeting. The Publication Committee was elected to consist of Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, Editor; Mr. G. P. Engelhardt; and Dr. J. Bequaert. Mr. Notman was appointed Delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences. Local Records.—Dr. Bequaert showed an ant, Camponotus ab- dominalis subsp. ustulatus var. mediopallidus Forel, found by Mr. Bueno in a bunch of bananas bought in New York City (see this BULLETIN, p. 165). He also exhibited a specimen of Muscina pascuorum Meigen, from Ithaca, N. Y., a fly recently introduced from Europe, which in 1922 has suddenly appeared in large num- bers near Boston and elsewhere in the eastern United States. Mr. Wm. T. Davis exhibited a photograph of a gall of Cynips strobi- lana Osten-Sacken on Quercus bicolor and a beautifully preserved specimen of the gall of Biorhiza forticornis Walsh on Quercus alba. ‘The gall last named was collected August 24, at Buck’s Hollow, Staten Island, and when dry had retained its bright scarlet Dec.,1923 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 175 color. Mr. G. P. Engelhardt showed pupae of Callosamia carolina Jones, from Mobile, Alabama. These pupae were attached to twigs of Magnolia glauca and further surrounded by the leaves of the tree, so as to be well hidden. Meetine or Fesruary 15, 1923.—The following additional officers were elected: Librarian, Mr. Elmer McDevitt; Curator, Mr. A. C. Weeks; Honorary Curator, Mr. Geo. Franck. Mr. Engelhardt showed empty pupal cases of a locust or cicada which he found in a store in Chinatown, New York City, and which was said by the storekeeper to be “good medicine.” Mr. Beutenmiiller presented the Society with the old records of the New York EnromotocicaL Crus in the handwriting of the late Hy. Edwards, dating from the year 1880. Scientific Programme.—Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno read a paper, “ On Specific Characters in the Genus MicroveLta.” (See BuLietin No. 4, pp. 138-143). Mr. H. Notman spoke of “A Parasitic Staphylinid Beetle from a South American Opossum” which he had recently described in the American Museum Novi- tates. Mr. Davis mentioned several cases which had recently come to his notice and in which caterpillars appeared to show a certain amount of intelligence in hanging up their cocoons so that they could not be eaten by mice or sucked out by woodpeckers. Dr. Bequaert showed a small hymenopterous wasp of the family Bethylidae which in the Belgian Congo becomes at times trouble- some by stinging people who accidentally disturb or touch them. J. BEQuaERrt, Recording Secretary. Notice to Members of the Society. Subscriptions of members will be billed with dues by the Treas- urer. Disregard the enclosed subscription blank. Volk, VIN Bulletin lofi Bran ioral ee EXCHANGES. This one page is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of articles for sale. Notices not exceeding THREE lines free to subscribers. Over lines charged for at 15 cents per line per insertion. Old notices will be discontinued as space for new ones is needed. WANTED.—Pentatomidae, Cydnidae, and Scutelleridae from all parts of the United States for determination or exchange. Dayton Stoner, State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. NEW ARRIVALS.—From Colombia, French Guiana, and Bra- zil. Brilliant tropical Lepidoptera for scientific and decorative purposes. H.S. Parish, 81 Robert St., Toronto, Ont., Canada. DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA.—Have many desirable western species to exchange, including Argynnis atossa, macaria, mormonia, malcolm, nokomis; Melitaea neumoegem,; Lycaena speciosa; ete. Send lists. Dr. John A. Comstock, Southwest Museum, 4699 Marmion Way, Los Angeles, Calif. WANTED.—Ants from all portions of the United States for determination or exchange. Will also exchange other insects for ants. M. R. Smith, Assistant Entomologist, State Plant Board, A. and M. College, Miss. MISSISSIPPI INSECTS.—Will collect in all orders. Corre- spondence solicited. Miss Sophie May Newbern, Cedar Bluff, Miss. OFFER.—Bred adult specimen of Catocala herodias in ex- change for ova of species of same genus. Parent moth with ovum preferred. G. J. Keller, 68 Treacy Ave., Newark, N. J. WANTED.—Records N. Y. State Rhopalocera for check-list, all species and localities desired for a table showing the distribution throughout the State. James L. Angle, Librarian Rochester Mu- nicipal Museum. WANTED.— Offers on bright-colored butterflies and moths for use in trays and pictures. Mrs. Robert Milde, Lewiston, Minn. ARKANSAS INSECTS.—Will collect Lepidoptera and other orders. Correspondence solicited. Miss Louise Knobel, 417 West 2d Ave., Hope, Ark. WANTED.—Cynipide and their galls from all parts of the world. Exchange or cash. Western and Southern material par- ticularly desired. Wm. Beutenmuller, Box 258, Highwood, Ber- genio. NE J). WANTED.—Saldide, especially from the Western U. S. and Canada. Will name or give good exchange. J. R. de la Torre- Bueno, 11 North Broadway, White Plains, Westchester Co., N. Y. WANTED.—Papers published since 1894 and containing refer- ences to American Coleoptera by Bernhauer, Grouvelle, Lesne, Leveille, Lewis, Pic, Otto Schwarz, Wasmann or other foreign authors. Will pay cash or give in exchange papers by American authors that I have in duplicate. C. W. Leng, No. 33 Murray St., New York City. One of the most beautiful red gold butterflies of the world— Chry. virgaureae—for only 6 cents each, as long as the stock lasts. Other small species for decorative purposes at 2 cents to 5 cents each; and also exotic Lepidoptera. Our New List of Books, Pins, Apparatus and Supplies free. Our Price List No. 58 contains 28,000 species of Lepidoptera, the Pipatestaud most extensive Of all Usis. 6)... 2s aja einte, yen os ene e sine $ 1.00 Price List No. 30 contains 30,000 species of Coleoptera.......... 50 Price List No. VII, 10,000 species of other insects............... .50 Price of the catalogue will be allowed for in billing orders for Insects. Kindly send price in dollar bills; or in postage stamps. DR. O. STAUDINGER & A. BANG-HAAS BLASEWITZ, DRESDEN, GERMANY An Introduction to Entomology By JOHN HENRY COMSTOCK, Professor of Entomology and General Invertebrate Zoology, Emeritus in Cornell University. PART I—The Structure and Metamorphosis of Insects This volume is the first part of a text-book of entomology that Professor Comstcck has in preparation. It is, however, a complete treatise on the structure and metamorphosis of in- sects. The part now published includes four chapters. The first chapter is entitled ‘‘The Characteristics of Insects and Their Near Relatives.’’ In this chapter the characteristics of the Arthropoda and of each of the thirteen classes of arthropods is discussed, with figures ot representatives of each of these classes. The second chapter is devoted to a detailed discussion of the external anatomy of insects. The third chapter treats of the internal anatomy of in- sects and includes the results of recent investigations in this field. In the fourth chapter there is a detailed account of the transformation of insects, in which each of the different types of metamorphosis of insects is discussed. There is also included a bibliography and an index. Pages, xviii+ 220, with 220 illustrations. Bound in cloth. Price $2.50 nei. THE COMSTOCK PUBLISHING COMPANY ITHACA, NEW YORK Rare Tropical Butterflies Especially Ornithoptera @ and @, Morpho o& and 9, Agrias c'and 9. Papilios from Madagascar, Australia, So. America, India, etc. Many species of Caligo, Prepona, Chlorippe, Ancylu- ris, Helicopis, etc. Urania ripheus. Send for Price List. Hal Newcomb 804 Elizabeth St., -- Pasadena, California. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 84-102 College Ave. ROCHESTER, N. Y. Entomological supplies of every description, including the only genuine hand made Schmitt Insect Boxes, and the well known American Entomological Company Insect Pins. Our supply catalogue No. 30 will be sent free on application. Entomological Specimens of all orders from every part of the world. Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance and others; Type or systematic collections of Insects from Boreal America; Collections of beneficial and injurious insects; Collections of Household, Garden, Orchard, Shade Tree and Forest Pests; also illustrating Mimicry and Protective Coloration, and Dimorphism. If interested write for the following circulars: 116 Biological Material for Dissection, 125 Life Histories of Economic Insects, 128 List of Living Pupae, 129 Exotic Lepidoptera, 130 North American Lepidoptera, 131 Exotic Coleoptera, 132 North American Coleoptera, 143 Type Collections, also Collections illustrating beneficial and injurious insects, different pests, Mimicry and Protective coloration, and Dimorphism. Our complete Insect catalogue and list of publications will be sent on receipt of 25 “— 317e ss (4) A Wp ~ AAR : WWII 3 9088 01262 6610