ft / W- '*» Option of Fishes, U. S. Museum !) f\<\k£ DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES VOL. XXXI 19! 1 IN TWO PARTS-PART II GEORGE M. BOWERS COMMISSIONER WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1913 A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE WATERS OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY * In Two Parts Jk PART II Section III. — A CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE FAUNA. By Francis B. Sumner, Raymond C. Osburn, and Leon J. Cole Section IV.— A CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE FLORA. By Bradley M. Davis 545 CONTENTS. J- PART II. SECTION III. — A CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE EAUNA OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY 549 Phylum Protozoa 549 Class Rhizopoda 549 Subclass Amoebaea 549 Subclass Foraminifera 549 Class Actinopoda 552 Class Zoomastigophora 552 Subclass Lissoflagellata. 552 Subclass Choanoflagellata 553 Class Phytomastigophora 553 Subclass Dinoflagellata 553 Class Ciliata 554 Class Suctoria 555 Class Sporozoa 556 Phylum Porifera 556 Phylum Coelenterata 559 Class Hydrozoa 559 Class Scyphozoa 573 Class Actinozoa 576 Class Ctenophora 579 Phylum Platyhelminthes 579 Class Turbellaria 579 Class Trematoda 582 Class Cestoda 585 Class Nemertinea 590 Phylum Nemathelminthes 592 Class Nematoda 592 Class Acanthocephala 594 Class Chaetognatha 595 Binophilea 593 Phylum Molluscoida 593 Class Bryozoa 595 Bryozoa Entoprocta 595 Bryozoa Ectoprocta 596 Phylum Echinodermata 607 Class Asteroidea 607 Class Ophiuroidea . . 609 Class Echinoidea 611 Class Holothuroidea 613 547 548 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Section III.— A catalogue of the marine fauna of Woods Hole and vicinity — Contd. page, Phylum Annulata 615 Class Chsetopoda 615 Subclass Polychaeta 615 Subclass Oligochaeta 634 Class Hirudinea 635 Sipunculida 635 Phylum Arthropoda 636 Class Crustacea 636 Order Phyllopoda 636 Order Ostracoda 636 Order Copepoda (free-living) 638 Order Copepoda (parasitic) 640 Order Cirripedia 644 Order Amphipoda 647 Order Isopoda 657 Order Cumacea 661 Order Stomatopoda 662 Order Schizopoda 663 Order Decapoda 663 Class Insecta 675 Class Arachnida' 676 Xiphosura * 676 Pycnogonida 677 Phylum Mollusca 678 Class Pelecypoda 678 Class Amphineura 702 Class Gastropoda 703 Class Cephalopoda 727 Phylum Chordata 728 Class Adelochorda 728 Class Urochorda (Tunicata) 729 Class Marsipobranchii 734 Class Pisces 734 Class Reptilia 774 Class Aves 775 Class Mammalia 780 Bibliography for faunal catalogue 782 Section IV. — A catalogue of the marine flora of Woods Hole and vicinity. Introduction . 795 Division Thallophyta 797 Subdivision Algae 797 Class Cyanophyceae 797 Class Chlorophyceae 800 Class Phaeophyceae 804 Class Rhodophyceae 813 Distribution of Zostera marina in the deeper waters of Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. 831 Bibliography for floral catalogue 832 Index to systematic names 835 A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE WATERS OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Section ML— A CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE FAUNA OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY.0 By FRANCIS B. SUMNER, RAYMOND C. OSBURN, and EEON J. CODE. Phylum PROTOZOA. Class RHIZOPODA. Subclass AMCEBA5A. Amceba guttula Dujardin. Calkins, 1902, page 417. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, “frequent in decomposing vegetable matter. ’ ’ Amoeba sp. undetermined. Calkins, 1902, page 417. Trichosphoerium sieboldi Schneider. Calkins, 1902, page 418. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, one specimen taken. Subclass FORAMINIFERAA Family Gromid,E. Gromia lagenoides Gruber. Calkins, 1902, page 419. “Not uncommon about Woods Hole, where it is found upon the branches of various types of algae. ” Family Astrorhizidze. Astrorhiza limicola Sandahl. Cushman, 1908, page 22. Fish Hawk station 7683 (common); “again in a similar haul from a sandy or slightly muddy bottom in Vineyard Sound, one and one-half miles north of Menemsha Bight in 13 fathoms.” Family hiTuouD.E. Reopkax dentaliniformis Brady. Cushman, 1908, page 23. Buzzards Bay at 1907 repetitions of Fish Hawk stations 7649, 7631, and 7662(?); one speci- men each. The bottom at the first station is recorded as “stony,” at the second “mud and gravel.” a For the sources of the data included in this catalogue, anc to section 1, pp. 13-15, 80-83, and the discussions of the various 6 The determinations of all Foraminifera from the Survey d Haplophragmium canariense (d’Orbigny). Cushman, 1908, page 23. Buzzards Bay at Phalarope station 79, near Nashawena Island, s1/^ fathoms, mud; also en- countered once at Fish Hawk station 7563 (1907 repetition ?). Family Trochamminid^E. Webbina hemispherica Jones, Parker, & Brady. Cushman, 1908, page 24. Dredged at several widely separated points in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay in 4 to 7 fathoms, on various bottoms. Fish Hawk station 7776 and Phalarope station 136; also 1907 repetitions of 7542 and 7612. Family Miuounid^. Spiroloculina limbata d’Orbigny. Cushman, 1908, page 24. A single specimen taken near Robinsons Hole, at Phalarope station 85. the system employed in its compilation, the reader is referred groups in chapter iv. redging were made by Dr. J. A. Cushman 549 550 BULLETIN of the bureau of FISHERIES. Biloculina ringen: (Lamarck). [Chart i.] Cushman, 1908, page 24. Western half of Vineyard Sound and adjacent points in Buzzards Bay, in 6 to 17 fathoms, on sandy or muddy bottoms; recorded once from near head of Buzzards Bay. Fish Hawk stations: 7681 (few), 7686, 7710, 7725, 7727 (common), 7728 (common), 7729 (common), 7730, 7731, 7736. Repeated sta- tions (1907): 7663 (2), 7728 (few). Phalarope stations: 78 (few), 81 (few), 85 (few), 151 (few). Biloculina ringens striaiella Cushman. Cushman, 1908, page 25 (var. nov.) Often abundant “ in the material scraped from the wharf piles.” Biloculina elongata d’Orbigny. Cushman, 1908, page 25. “ Specimens of this species were found in con- siderable numbers among hydroids and scrap- ings from the piles of the dock at Woods Hole. Occasionally . . . met with in the dredgings.” Biloculina tubulosa Costa. Cushman, 1908, page 25. Bay shore of Nashawena Island (3 stations); western end of Vineyard Sound (1 station); 5 to 13 fathoms, sand and mud. Fish Hawk station 7710; Phalarope stations: 78 (few), 79 (few), 81 (few). Miliolina seminulum (Linnaeus). [Chart 2.] Cushman, 1908, page 25. Abundant and generally distributed in Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay abundant along the eastern shore line, and recorded from scattered stations in the deeper waters. Its apparent rarity at such points may be due, however, to the incompleteness of the search for Fora- minifera there. Dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms on bottoms of clear sand or mixtures of sand and mud. Fish Flawk stations: 7685, 7686, 7687, 7695, 7704 (common), 7706 (few), 7709, 7710, 7718, 77x9 (few), 7722 (few), 7725 (common), 7726 (few), 7727 (common), 7728 (few), 7729, 7730, 773 1 > 7732 (few), 7734 (few), 7735 (few), 7748 (few), 7750 (common), 7755 (few), 7759 (few), 7761 (few), 7767 (few). Supplementary sta- tions (1907): 7542 (few), 7628 (few), 7630 (few), 7639 (few), 7656 (few), 7663 (common), 7667 (few), 7669 (few), 7728 (common), 7731 (few), 7761 (common), 7780 (few). Miliolina seminulum — Continued. Phalarope stations: 78 (very common), 79 (common), 80 (common), 81 (common), 82 (common), 84 (common), 85 (fewr), 91 (few), 93 (common), 111 (common), 113 (common), 125 (few), 132 (few), 134 (few), 138 (few), 145 (few), 147 (few), 149 (few), 151 (few). Miliolina oblonga (Montagu). [Chart 3.] Cushman, 1908, page 26. Vineyard Sound, chiefly at western end; in Buzzards Bay recorded almost entirely from the island shores. Dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, on bottoms of sand or sandy mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7685, 7686, 7687, 7688 (few), 7704 (common), 7710, 7731. Supple- mentary stations (1907): 7667 (few), 7728, 7761 (few). Phalarope stations: 78 (very common), 84 (1), 88 (common), 89 (common), 93 (few), 94 (few), 103, 104, 118 (few), 122 (few), 123 (few), 124 (few), 148 (few). Miliolina circularis (Bornemann). [Chart 4.] Cushman, 1908, page 26. “ On the piles of the wharf at Woods Hole it ap- pears in great numbers attached to the stems of hydroids. ’ ’ Dredged by the Survey at scat- tered stations in Vineyard Sound and along the eastern shore of Buzzards Bay, in 3 to 13 fathoms, on bottoms of sand and gravel, at- tached to hydroids and algae. Fish Hawk stations : 7709, 7727 (few), 7751 (few), 7759 (few). Phalarope stations: 83 (on eel grass), 85 (1), 87 (common), 103, 111 (few), 113 (common), 118, 130 (few), 138 (few), 146 (few). Miliolina boueana (d’Orbigny). Cushman, 1908, page 26. Dredged by the Survey at five scattered stations in Vineyard Sound, in 6 to 13 fathoms, on sandy bottom. Also found “in the scrapings from the dock piles at Woods Hole.” Fish Hawk station 7681 (few). Supplementary stations (1907): 7525 (common), 7526 (com- mon), 7542 (common), 7780 (few). Miliolina venusta (Karrer). Cushman, 1908, page 27. Dredged by the Survey at a few scattered stations in the western end of Vineyard Sound; re- corded twice from Buzzards Bay. Fish Hawk stations: 7720 (1), 7722 (2), 7724 (common), 7725 (common), 7727 (common), 7728 (common). Supplementary stations (1907): 7628 (few), 7761 (few). Phalarope station 113 (1). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 551 Miliolina bicornis (Walker & Jacob). Cushman, 1908, page 27. Dredged by the Survey at two stations (Fish Hawk 7710 and 7722) at the western end of Vineyard Sound; once near West Falmouth Harbor (Phalarope 134); in each case a few specimens. Family Textulariid^. V erneuilina polystropha (Reuss). Cushman, 1908, page 27. A single specimen dredged in Vineyard Sound at a 1907 repetition of Fish Hawk station 7565( ?)• Family Buuminid.-E. Bolivina punctata d’Orbigny. Cushman, 1908, page 28. “A number of specimens . . . were obtained from the surface of old shells of Mytilus edulis attached to the outer piles of the U. S. Fisheries dock at Woods Hole. ” Family Polymorphinim;. Polymorphina lactea (Walker & Jacob). [Chart 5.] Cushman, 1908, page 28. Frequent at the western end of Vineyard Sound; recorded likewise from scattered stations throughout Buzzards Bay, both in the adlit- toral zone and in deeper waters. Dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on bottoms of sand or mud. Fish Hawk stations : 7679, 7680 (few), 7681 (few), 7682 (few), 7704 (few), 7705 (few), 7724 (common), 7725 (common), 7726 (few), 7727 (few), 7728 (few), 7729. Supplementary sta- tions (1907): 7612 (few), 7614 (few), 7620 (few), 7621 (few), 7628 (few), 7639 (few), 7649, 7651 (2), 7728 (several). Phalarope stations: 78 (few), 81 (few), 82 (few), 93 (i)> 94 (few), 133 (few), 138, 142, 147 (few), 148 (few), 152 (few). Polymorphina concava (Williamson). Cushman, 1908, page 28. Upper half of Buzzards Bay, at Phalarope sta- tions 133 and 148; in Vineyard Sound, at a 1907 repetition of Fish Hawk station 7525. Polymorphina rotundata (Bornemann). Cushman, 1908, page 29. Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7728 (1907 repetition?); Buzzards Bay at Phalarope station 146 (single specimen). Family RotaIvIid^;. Patellina corrugata Williamson. Cushman, 1908, page 29. “A single specimen . . . found in material scraped from the surface of a large shell of Mytilus edulis, taken from the outer piles of the dock at Woods Hole, July 19, 1905.” Further search revealed no other specimens. Discorbina rosacea (d’Orbigny). [Chart 6.] Cushman, 1908, page 30. Common and generally distributed, occurring on hydroids growing upon piles, etc., as well as on those upon the bottom in deeper waters. ‘ ‘Anything that is stationary in the water for any length of time is sure to have its share of the shells of this species. ’ ’ Recorded from a num- ber of scattered stations in Vineyard Sound and along the shore line of Buzzards Bay in 3 to 13 fathoms; also at Crab Ledge in 16 to 19 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations : 7606 (abundant), 7607 (abundant), 7608 (abundant), 7680 (few), 7728, 7729, 7730, 7731, 7761 (few). Phalarope stations: 8, 85 (few), 87 (1), 91 (few), 103, 1 18 (few). Discorbina sp. undetermined (perhaps the above). Found by Peck (1894) in food of menhaden. Truncatulina lobatula (Walker & Jacob). Calkins, 1902, page 420; Cushman, 1908, page 30. “Found frequently among the algae at Woods Hole.” — Calkins. Recorded from four of the survey dredging stations at the lower end of Buzzards Bay and the adjacent portion of the Sound, in 5 to 17 fathoms. Fish Hawk station 7685 ; Phalarope stations : 78 (common), 79 (common), 81 (common). Truncatulina rosea (d’Orbigny). Cushman, 1908, page 30. “A single specimen . . . from material . . „ scraped . . . from the piles of the dock at Woods Hole,” July 19, 1905. Pulmnulina lateralis (Terquem). [Chart 7.] Cushman, 1908, page 30. Dredged at numerous stations throughout the length of Vineyard Sound, at 4 to 13 fathoms, chiefly on sandy bottoms; recorded also from the lower end of the Bay. Fish Hawk stations: 7681 (common), 7704 (few), 7706 (few), 7710, 7719 (common), 7720 (few), 7722 (few), 7724 (few), 7727 (common), 7734 (few), 7735 (few), 7736, 7751, 7755 (few), 7759 (few), 7767 (few). Supplementary stations: 7525 (common), 7592 (few), 7667 (few), 7731 (1 worn), 7761 (few). Phalarope stations: 78 (1), hi (common). 552 bulletin of the bureau of FISHERIES. Pulvinulina tumida Brady. Cushman, 1908, page 31. “A few specimens, apparently belonging to this species, were obtained from scrapings from the dock at Woods Hole,” July 19, 1905. Rotalia beccarii (Linnaeus). [Chart 8.] Cushman, 1908, page 31. “Probably the most abundant of the Foramini- fera of the region.” — Cushman. Abundant and apparently of pretty general distribution both in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Dredged in 2 to to 19 fathoms, sand and mud. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7679 (common), 7680 (common), 7682 (few), 7685, 7686, 7687, 7688 (few), 7704 (common), 7707, 7709, 7710, 7719, 7722 (few), 7724 (common), 7725 (common), 7726 (common), 7727 (common), 7729 (com- mon), 7730, 7731, 7734 (few), 7735 (few), 7736, 7751 (few), 7761 (common), 7767 (few). Sup- plementary stations (1907): 7542 (common), 7565 (common), 7581 (few), 7592 (few), 7620 (few), 7630 (few), 7639 (few), 7643 (few), 7648 (few), 7649 (common), 7652 (few), 7656 (few), 7661 (common), 7662 (1), 7663 (abundant), 7667 (few), 7668, 7669 (few), 7728 (abundant), 7731 (few), 7761 (few). Phalarope stations: 78 (few), 79 (few) 80 (few), 82 (common), 84 (common), 85 (common), 91 (few), 93 (few), 94 (few), 103, in (common), 113 (common), 114 (common), 118 (few), 119 (few), 123 (few), 124 (few), 125 (few). Family Polystomellid/E. Polystomella striato punctata (Fichtel & Moll). [Chart 9.] Cushman, 1908, page 31. Recorded from numerous stations in the western end of Vineyard Sound and throughout the length of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, sand and mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7680 (common), 7681 (com- mon), 7685, 7687, 7705 (few), 7706 (few), 7707 (common), 7710, 7719 (few), 7720 (common), 7725 (common), 7729 (common), 7731, 7734 (few), 7761 (common). Supplementary sta- tions (1907): 7565 (common), 7612 (few), 7620 (few), 7621 (few), 7643 (common), 7648 (few), 7649 (common), 7651 (common), 7652 (few), 7654 (common), 7661 (common), 7662 (abundant), 7663 (common), 7667 (few), 7668 (few), 7669 (few), 7728 (common), 7731 (few). Phalarope stations: 78 (common), 80 (few), 84 (common), 85 (common), 87 (few), 93 (com- mon), 94 (common), 130 (few), 138 (few), 143, 147 (few), 152 (few). Polystomella crispa (Linnaeus). Cushman, 1908, page 32. Recorded from a few stations in both Bay and Sound. Fish Hawk stations: 7680 (few), 7686 (few), also 1907 repetitions of stations 7614, 7639, 7643 (common), and 7648. Phalarope station 93 (1). Class ACT1NOPODA. Subclass HELIOZOA. Actinophrys sol Ehrenberg, variety. Calkins, 1902, page 420. Woods Hole, a single specimen (determined with doubt). Heterophrys myriapoda Archer. Calkins, 1902, page 421. ‘ ‘ Common among algae. This form was probably meant by Peck, 1895, when he figured ‘a helio- zoon . ’ ” Class ZOOMAST1GOPHORA. Subclass LISSOFLAGELLATA. Family Rhizomastigidaj. Mastigamoeba simplex Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 422 (sp. nov.). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, in decaying algae; seen several times. Family Codoncecid^. Codonoeca gracilis Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 423 (sp. nov.). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family Heteromonadid^. Monas sp. undetermined. Calkins, 1902, page 423. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, attached by a thread of protoplasm to alga; only one specimen found. Family Bodonid.E. Bodo globosus Stein. Calkins, 1902, page 425. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 553 Bodo caudatus (Dujardin). Calkins, 1902, page 425. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common. “This species was seen by Peck, 1905, and described as a small flagellate.” Oxyrrhis marina Dujardin. Calkins, 1902, page 425. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family Astasiid/E. Astasia contorta Dujardin. Calkins, 1902, page 426. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, “common in decaying algae.” Family Peranemid^. Anisonema vitrea (Dujardin). Calkins, 1902, page 426. “Quite common in decaying algae at Woods Hole!” {Assigned to no family.) Distephanus speculum Stohr. Calkins, 1902, page 427. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, a single specimen taken in tow in the evening. Subclass CHOANOFLAGELLATA. Monosiga ovata Kent. Calkins, 1902, page 424. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. This species inhabits both fresh and salt water. Monosiga fusiformis Kent. Calkins, 1902, page 424. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. This species inhabits both fresh and salt water. Class PHYTOMASTIGOPHORA. Subclass DINOFLAGELLATA. Codonosiga botrytis Clark. Calkins, 1902, page 424. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, on red algae; a few individuals (no colonies). Family ProrocEntrid2E. Exuvicella lima (Ehrenberg). Calkins, 1902, page 428. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Exuvicella marina Cienkowsky. Calkins, 1902, page 429. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Exuvicella sp. undetermined. Peck, 1896. Buzzards Bay in plankton. Family Peridiniid^. Gymnodinium gracile spherica Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 429. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common. Glenodinium compressa Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 430 (sp. nov.). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, not uncommon. Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenberg. Peck, 1894; Calkins, 1902, page 430. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. — Calkins. Peck figures a ‘ 1 Glenodinium sp. , ” which he refers to as being abundant in the food of the menhaden. Dr. Calkins concludes from Peck’s figure that G. cinctum was the form observed. Peridinium digitale Pouchet. Peck, 1896 (figured by Peck as “P. divergens,” Dr. Calkins states); Calkins, 1902, page 431. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common. — Cal- kins. Peridium divergens Ehrenberg. Peck, 1896; Calkins, 1902, page 431. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common. — Cal- kins. Peck listed and figured “Peridinium divergens ’ ’ from plankton of Buzzards Bay, but Dr. Calkins believes that Peck really re- ferred to P. digitale. Peridinium sp. sp. Peck, 1894 and 1896, refers to “ Peridinium f urea” and to various undetermined members of this genus as constituting an important constituent of the food of the menhaden. Ceratiumf usus (Ehrenberg). Peck, 1894 and 1896; Calkins, 1902, page 432. Buzzards Bay; abundant in plankton and a fre- quent constituent of food of menhaden. — Peck. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common in tow and in algae. — Calkins. Ceratium tripos (Muller). Peck', 1894; Calkins, 1902, page 432. Found in food of menhaden. — Peck. U. S. Bu- reau of Fisheries pier, common in tow and in algae. — Calkins. 554 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Family DiNOPHYSimE. Amphidinium operculatum Claparede & Lach- mann. Calkins, 1902, page 432. “Very common about Woods Hole.” Dinophysis sp. Peck, 1894 and 1896. Buzzards Bay in plankton; a common constit- uent of the food of the menhaden. Class CIL1ATA. Family Enchelinid^E. Lacrymaria lagenula Claparede & Lachmann. Calkins, 1902, page 433. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, in decaying algse. Lacrymaria coronata Claparede & Lachmann. Calkins, 1902, page 434. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Trachelocerca phcenicopterus Cohn. Calkins, 1902, page 435. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Mesodinium cinctum Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 436 (sp. cov.). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, not uncommon. Mesodinium sp. Peck, 1896; Calkins, 1902, page 458. Peck so records one species, but Calkins, from Peck’s own figures, concludes that this was Aspidisca hexeris. Tiarinafusus (Claparede & Lachmann). Calkins, 1902, page 437. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family Traciielinid.E. Loxophyllum setigerum Ouennerstedt. Calkins 1902, page 438 ( Loxophyllum setigerum, var. armatum). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier Lionotus fasciola (Ehrenberg). Calkins, 1902, page 438. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family Chlamydodontid^E. Nassula notata Muller. Calkins, 1902, page 440 ( Nassula microstoma). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Chilodon cucullulus (Muller). Calkins, 1902, page 441. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, rare. Chilodon sp. Peck, 1896. Dysteria lanceolata Claparede & Lachmann. Calkins, 1902, page 441. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family Chiriferidaj. Frontonia leucas Ehrenberg. Calkins, 1902, page 442. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Colpidium colpoda (Ehrenberg). Calkins, 1902, page 443. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common. This form is regarded by Dr. Calkins as specifically the same as that found in fresh water. Uronema marina Dujardin. Calkins, 1902, page 444. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, “common in decomposing algae.” Family PeEuronEmid^. Pleuronema chrysalis (Ehrenberg). Calkins, 1902, page 444. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, not very common. Occurs both in fresh and salt water. Pleuronema setigera Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 445 (sp. nov.). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, “in decaying algae.” Lembus elongaius Claparede & Lachmann. Calkins, 1902, page 446 ( Lembus infusonium). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, “common in old infusions of algae, especially after decomposi- tion is well advanced.” Lembzis pusillus Quennerstedt. Calkins, 1902, page 446. U. S. Bureauof Fisheries pier. “ Habitat similar to that of L. infusionum, in zoogloea masses.” Family Opalinid.-E. Anoplophrya branchiarum Stein. Calkins, 1902, page 447. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, one specimen “found free swimming among some algae.” The species is “parasitic in the digestive tract of various annelids.” Family Bursarida;. Condylosioma patens (Muller). Calkins, 1902, page 449. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, very common. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 555 Family StenTorid.E. Strombidium caudatum Fromentel. Calkins, 1902, page 450. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common in de- caying vegetable matter. Family Tintinnid^. Tintinnus sp. undetermined. A species which was referred to this genus was found by Peck (1894) to be abundant in the plankton and in the food of the menhaden. Tintinnopsis beroidea plagiostoma Daday. Calkins, 1902, page 451. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Tintinnopsis beroidea compressa Daday. Calkins, 1902, page 451. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Tintinnopsis davidoffi Daday. Calkins, 1902, page 451. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Codonella sp. undetermined. Peck, 1894 and 1896. Buzzards Bay in plankton; abundant in food of menhaden. Family Peritromid/e. Peritromus emmce Stein. Calkins, 1902, page 452. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family Oxytrichid^E. Epiclinies retractilis Claparede & Lachmann. Calkins, 1902, page 453 ( Epiclintes radiosa). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Amphisia kessleri (Wrzesniowski). Calkins, 1902, page 454. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family Euplotid^E. Euplotes charon Ehrenberg. Calkins, 1902, page 435. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Occurs in both fresh and salt water. Euplotes harpa Stein. Calkins, 1902, page 455. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Class Si- Family Podophryid^S. Podophrya gracilis Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 463 (sp. nov.). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, “only one speci- men seen.” Diophrys appendiculatus (Stein). Calkins, 1902, page 456. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Uronyckia transfuga Stein. Calkins, 1902, page 457 (Uronyckia setigera). “Very common in the Woods Hole waters.” Aspidisca hexeris Ouennerstedt. Peck, 1895. Calkins, 1902, page 438. “Incorrectly mentioned as Mesodinium sp. by Peck.” U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Aspidisca polystyla Stein. Calkins, 1902, page 458. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family Lie h n op ho rid^E . Lichnophora auerbachii Cohn. Calkins, 1902, page 459 ( Lichnophora maefar- landi). Woods Hole, “on the egg capsules of Crepidula plana; also reported upon annelids. ” Family VoRTicEEEimE. Vorticella patellina Muller. Calkins, 1902, page 461. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Vorticella marina Greeff. Calkins, 1902, page 461. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common, grow- ing “in small social groups.” Zoothamnium elegans D’Udekem. Calkins, 1902, page 461. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Cothurnia ingenita Muller. Calkins, 1902, page 462 ( Cothurnia crystallina). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Inhabits both fresh and salt water. Cothurnia imberbis curvula Entz. Calkins, 1902, page 462. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, on red algse. Inhabits both fresh and salt water. Cothurnia innata Muller. Calkins, 1902, page 463 (Cothurnia nodosa). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Dr. Calkins believes that C. longipes Kellicott, described from Woods Hole, is only a long-stemmed va- riety of this species. TORI A. Ephelota coronata Wright. Calkins, 1902, page 464. “ One of the commonest of the Suctoria found at Woods Hole. It is usually present on Campa- nularian hydroids, but may be found on algae and Bryozoa. ” 556 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Family AcinetiDjE. Acineta divisa Fraipont. Calkins, 1902, p. 465. “Common on Bryozoa at Woods Hole.” Acineta tuberosa Ehrenberg. Calkins, 1902, page 465. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Class SP( Family Poeycystid.e. Gregarina gigantea Van Beneden. Herrick, 1895, page 122. Host, the lobster. Not specifically recorded for this region. Family Myxobolid^. Myxoholus lintoni Gurley. Linton, 1891; 1900, page 277; 1901, p. 442. Gur- ley, 1893, page 414 (sp. nov.); 1894, page 238. Host, Cyprinodon variegatus, upon which it occasionally gives rise to wartlike excres- cences.— Linton, Gurley. Family Dendrosomid^E. Trickophrya salparum Entz. Calkins, 1902, page 466. Woods Hole. “This species was found by Dr. G. Hunter on the branchial bars of the Ascidian Molgula manhattensis , where great numbers of them are often parasitic.” Sporozoa undetermined. Dr. Linton (MS. notes) records undetermined monocystid gregarines from the spiral valve of the mackerel shark ( Isurus dekayi), and un- determined Myxosporidia from the eel (An- guilla chrysypa), the menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus ), the squeteague (Cynoscion regalis), the halibut ( Hippoglossus hippoglossus), the silverside (Menidia menidia notata), the smelt ( Osmerus mordax ), and the mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Mr. C. W. Hahn and others have likewise found Myxosporidia in local fishes of a number of species, but the results of their work are not yet available. Phylum PORIFERA.® Family AsconidiE. Ascortis fragilis Haeckel. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 741. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Western end of Vineyard Sound, at two stations* (Fish Hawk 7720 and Phalarope 32); 5 to 13 fathoms. Leucosolenia sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 741, 391 (Leucosolenia botryoides}). Verrill doubtfully identified a species found in this region and said to be very common on piles. Specimens which were provisionally assigned to this genus by the collectors were taken at several dredging stations. Family SyconidiE. ? Grantia ciliata (Fabricius) [Chart 10.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 740, 330, etc. (“Prob- ably the same as the Grantia ciliata of Europe.”) “Vineyard Sound, not uncommon. ’’—Verrill. Vineyard Sound, particularly at the eastern and western extremities ; scattered sta- tions along the eastern shore of Buzzards ? Grantia ciliata — Continued. Bay and near its mouth; dredged in 1 to 19 fathoms on non-muddy bottoms.— Survey. Grantia is found most abundantly, however, on the piles of piers, in which situations it is common in Woods Hole Harbor and is doubt- less of very general distribution throughout the region. Fish Hawk stations:6 7531 bis (few), 7610, 7630 (1), 7666 (few clusters), 7670 (few), 7672, 7676 (on an alga), 7689 (few), 7703 (few), 7732 (several), 7742 (several), 7743 (several), 7746 (few), 7749 (many), 7750 (very many), 7752 (few), 775s (few), 7758 (few), 7769 (1), 7772 (1), 7773 (several). Supplementary station (1909): 7671. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations:6 1 (many), 8 (many), 22 (several), 24 (few), 32 (sev- eral), 33 (few), 34 (common), 36 (few), 37 (few), 44 (many), 45 (many), 46, 47 (few small), 49 (few), 51 (several), 56 (few), 57 (few), 58 (common), 6o(several), 62 (1), 63 (few), 116,121 (few), 130 (few), 145 (few). Supplementary stations (1909): 83,131. a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were referred to Dr. J. A. Cushman lor identification, b Identified in most cases without careful inspection, it being assumed that only one species of Grantia occurs locally. It is not wholly certain, however, to what species these specimens are to be referred, or even whether they are all of the same species. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 557 Family Clionid^. Cliona ce lata Grant. [Chart n.] Desor, 1848, p. 68 ( Spongia sulphured). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 744, 421, etc. ( Cliona sulphured) . Abundant and of pretty general distribution throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 19 fath- oms, on every sort of bottom. Sometimes taken in sufficient quantity to fill the dredge. Regarding the life history of this species Ver- rill writes: “The sponge commences as a bor- ing species, on various dead shells, and as it grows it penetrates the shells in every direc- tion, forming irregular holes and galleries, which continue to grow larger as more of the substance of the shell is absorbed, until the shells are reduced to a completely honey- combed, brittle mass, or a mere skeleton; finally the sponge begins to protrude from the surface.” Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (abundant), 7522 bis (many masses), 7523 bis (few masses), 7524 bis (few pieces), 7525 (very abundant), 7526 (great masses), 7527 (few), 7528 (few), 7529 (few), 7530 (few), 7530 bis (little), 7531 bis (many), 7532 (abundant), 7532 bis (few), 7533 (small piece), 7533 bis (few masses), 7534 bis (1 small piece), 7535 bis (several masses), 7536 (several masses), 7536 bis (several masses), 7537 (many masses), 7537 bis (several masses), 7538 bis (very much), 7539 (several masses), 7540 (few pieces), 7541 (many), 7541 bis (little), 7542 bis (little), 7544 (few masses), 7544 bis (small fragments), 7547 (dredge full), 7547 bis (2 masses), 7548 (many), 7550 bis (much), 7553 (few large pieces), 7554 bis (few), 7558 (many pieces), 7560 (several pieces), 7561 (few masses), 7565 bis (consid- erable), 7570 (few pieces), 7572 (much), 7587 (several large pieces), 7594 (many masses), 7595 (few pieces), 7610 (1 mass), 7612 (1 small), 7613 (many large masses), 7614 (few small), 7615 (many masses), 7616 (veryyoung, on Venus shell), 7618 (2 large), 7619 (several masses), 7620 (abundant), 7624 (few colonies), 7625 (few masses), 7627 (few small), 7628 (young, on shell of Crepidula fornicata), 7629 (few masses), 7630 (few small masses), 7631 (several masses), 7632 (few masses), 7633 (few masses), 7634 (few masses), 7635 (few masses), 7639 (several large masses), 7640 (1 small mass), 7645 (several masses), 7646 (few small colonies), 7648 (several colonies), 7659 (few masses), 7660 (few masses), 7666 (few masses) Cliona celata — Continued. 7670 (much), 7671 (many masses), 7672 (few masses), 7675 (several large colonies), 7689 (few small masses), 7690 (several large masses), 7692 (several large masses), 7693 (1), 7706 (1 mass), 7720 (1 mass), 7721, 7730 (much), 7732 (little), 7738 (very much), 7742 (few small pieces), 7743 (several large pieces), 7745 (much), 7746 (very little), 7747 (very little), 7748 (little), 7749 (little), 7750 (little), 7751 (little), 7754 (much), 7755 (little), 7757 (1 large mass), 7758 (very much), 7759 (little), 7763 (1 mass), 7768 (little), 7770 (little), 7772 (little), 7775 (little), 7781 (in Busycon shell), 7782 (several masses). Supplementary sta- tions (1909): 7624, 7627, 7629, 7634, 7643, 7645, 7648, 7653, 7659, 7660, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (several small masses), 2 (many), 3 (abundant), 5 (few masses), 7 (abundant), 8 (1 piece), 9 (many pieces), 10 (abundant), n (very abundant), 12 (very abundant), 13 (abundant), 14 (little), 15 (abundant), 16 (few), 20 (few), 24 (few), 27 (2), 28 (2 masses), 30 (1 mass), 32 (small mass), 36 (several large masses), 37 (small masses), 44 (very small pieces), 53 (1 mass), 60 (1), 62 (1 mass), 63 (abundant), 65 (many masses), 66 (several), 69 (few masses), 74 (many), 77 many), 80 (several bunches), 81 (several masses), 82 (few), 83 (2 pieces), 85, 95, 100 (much), 108, 109, 113, 114 (many), 115 (much), 117 (common), 122 (few), 124 (few), 128 (1 piece), 131 (rocks covered), 134 (common), 137 (masses), 138 (several masses), 140 (many), 141 (common), 144 (few), 145 (several), 146 (common), 147 (common), 148 (common), 149 (common), 150 (1 mass), 152 (1), 155 (young). Supplementary stations (1909): 83, I3I> 146. Family Polymastiidaj. Polymastia robusta Bowerbank. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 744, 497 (identified with doubt). “Off Gay Head, 18 to 20 fathoms,” rocky bot- tom.— Verrill. Dredged by the Survey at the western end of Vineyard Sound and the lower end of Buzzards Bay, in 7 to 12 fathoms, on bottoms of gravel and stones (4 stations) ; at Crab Ledge (5 stations). Fish Hawk stations: 7595 (several large masses), 7603 (several pieces)*, 7604 (1 small piece), 7605 (1 small piece), 7606 (several pieces), 7607 (several pieces) ; also at a 1907 repetition of station 7722, and at 1909 repetitions of stations 7660 and 7670. 558 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family Suberitidze. Suberites compacta Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 744, 503 (sp. nov.). “Off Marthas Vineyard, 10 fathoms, sandy; Nantucket”; also on beach at Edgartown. — Verrill. Large dried masses of this sponge found in abundance upon the beach at the south shore of Nantucket. — Sumner. Family TethyiuE. Tethya gravida Hyatt. Hyatt, 1877, p. 34, footnote (sp. nov.); 1878, p. 1668, fig. only (here spelled “ Tethya gra- vata”). Buzzards Bay. — Hyatt. Dredged by the Survey at seven stations in the vicinity of North Fal- mouth; 3 to 6 fathoms, on various bottoms. Reported by Mr. Gray from Bird Island Light, a point not far distant from the Survey stations where Tethya was taken. Phalarope stations: 141 (several), 143 (1 small), 144 (1), 146 (several), 147 (1), 148 (several). Also at 1909 repetitions of Fish Hawk station 7634 and Phalarope station 146. Family Homorrhaphid/E. Halichondria panicea (Pallas). Verrill, 1873, p. 743, 498 (referred to in one place as “ Tedania”) . Off Gay Head.— Verrill. “One of the most abundant species of this [Woods Hole?] region [which] forms very irregularly shaped, uneven, pale yellow masses, attached to the stems and frondsof Phyllophora and other small algae, and often, as it grows larger, spreading over, entirely covering and destroying the algae.” Speci- mens assigned to this species by Dr. Cushman were dredged at Crab Ledge and at the western end of Vineyard Sound; 6 to 25 fathoms, on gravelly and sandy bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7582 (1 large mass), 7589 (1 large piece), 7591 (2 small clumps attached to algae), 7605, 7606, 7607, 7608 (large mass), 7609 (several pieces), 7722. Phalarope stations*: 34, 63. Halichondria caduca Bowerbank. Specimens thus identified by Dr. Cushman were taken at Phalarope stations 24 (Vineyard Sound), and 1x2, 123, 130, and 137 (Buzzards Bay). Halichondria sp. sp. Verrill, 1873, p. 743, 334, lists several unde- termined species of this genus, two of which (“species b” and “species c”) were taken within this region. Specimens of whose specific identity we can not be certain were taken in Vineyard Sound at Phalarope and Blue Wing stations 25, 32, 33, 36, 45, 46, 49, 51, 56, 57, 58, 60, and 64, and in Buzzards Bay at Fish Hawk station 7639. ? Reniera sp. sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 743, 334. Two undetermined species, “a” and “b,” are listed by Verrill from Vineyard Sound, 1 (3) to 10 fathoms. Chalina arbuscula Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 742, 391 (sp. nov.). “Vineyard Sound, 1 to 8 fathoms”, very com- mon.— Verrill. Chalina oculata (Pallas). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 742, 409, etc. “Off Gay Head, 4 to 15 fathoms”, “in the out- side cold waters.” — Verrill. Chalina sp. undet. [Chart 12.] Dr. Cushman believes that a confusion exists in Verrill’s descriptions of the two foregoing species. It is therefore necessary to enter as undetermined all the Chalinas taken during the Survey dredging. Members of the genus are recorded from scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound and at the lower end of Buz- zards Bay, in 6 to 17 fathoms, on various bot- toms. Dried specimens, often of large size, are to be found in abundance upon the beach at Cuttyhunk Island and elsewhere. Mr. Gray has collected living specimens of what have commonly been regarded as Chalina arbuscula at Nobska Point and on Red Ledge, in Woods Hole Harbor. They are likewise known to occur on the Bureau of Fisheries pier at Woods Hole. Specimens from the following points were origi- nally identified by Dr. Cushman as C. arbuscula: Fish Hawk stations 7550 bis (several large), 7666 (1 colony), 7670 (1 colony), 7671, 7674 (1 mass), 7675 (1 large colony); Phalarope station 11 (several colonies). Specimens from the following points were originally identified as C. oculata: Fish Hawk stations : 7524 bis, 7533 bis (2), 7536 bis (1), 7593 (1 cluster), 7702 (1 clump), 7728; Phalarope stations: 11, 78 (1 piece), 81 (1 piece). BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 559 Family DESMacidonidaS. Esperella modes ta Lambe. A specimen thus identified by Dr. Cushman was taken in Buzzards Bay, near Cuttyhunk, at Fish Hawk station 767 1 (9 fathoms, stones and muddy sand). ^Esperella fibrexilis Wilson. Wilson (1891, p. 511) refers to “Esperella fibrexilis (n. sp.)” as “abundant near Woods Hole, Mass.,” but no description is offered nor cited and the authors are not aware that any such has been published. Esperella sp. undet. A sponge referred to this genus by Dr. Cushman was found in some numbers by Dr. Osburn on the New York Yacht Club pier at Vineyard Haven July 31, 1906. It was much excavated by a tube-dwelling amphipod. Desmacidon palmata (Johnston). Crab Ledge, at 6 stations; extreme western end of Vineyard Sound: 1 station. Dredged in n to 20 fathoms, sand, gravel, and stones. Some of these were large specimens and they were of a dark-red color when fresh. Fish Hawk stations: 7603 (many)*, 7604 (1 small piece), 7605 (several), 7606 (many), 7607 (many), 7608 (few pieces), 7721*. ?Isodictya sp. Verrill (1873, p. 742) thus lists a sponge washed ashore after storms in winter at Nantucket, Vineyard Sound, and elsewhere. It is said by him to resemble “Isodictya palmata Bower- bank,” i. e., the Desmacidon palmata listed above. Myxilla sp. Specimens referred to this genus by Dr. Cushman were dredged along the western shore of Buz- zards Bay (Phalarope stations 137, 141), in 4 fathoms, sand and gravel. Microciona prolifera (Ellis & Solander.) [Chart 13.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 741, 409, etc. Vineyard Sound.— Verrill. Scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, particularly in the upper half of the lat- ter, and at the mouth of Wareham River, where large colonies thrive; dredged in 2 to 13 fath- oms, on all sorts of bottoms. — Survey. Regard- ing the life history of this sponge Verrill writes: “This species, when young, forms broad, thin, bright red incrustations over the surfaces of stones and shells ... at a later period, rises up into irregular lobes and tubercular prominences, which eventually become elongated and subdivided into slender branches . . .” Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (incrusting rock)*, 7543 (incrusting broken Echinarachnius)* , 7619 ( ?), 7620 ( ?), 7629 ( ? several large masses), 7631 (?), 7633 (?), 7648 (? few masses, incrusting), 7663 ( ?), 7680*, 7731*, 7734*, 7736*> 7768*, 7777. 7780, 7781 (incrusting Busycon shell), 7783. Supplementary stations (1909): 7648, 7653, 7659, 7671, 7672. Phalarope stations: 60 ( ?), 136 (few colonies), 138 (many), 142 (1 colony)*, 149*, 151 (dead), 155 (on several shells)*, 156*, 158 (many, large and branched)*, 159(1 mass), 163 (several colonies, one on the back of Libinia), 165 (few), 167 (abundant on shells). Supplementary stations (I9°9): 79, i65- bis, 7525 bis, 7526 (3), 7530 bis, 7603 appearance like Grantia), 7616, 7630, Sponges undetermined. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 (abundant; gray, incrusting), 7524 (1 piece, several inches long), 7605 (1 piece), 7606 (1, in 7653, 7690, 7783. Phalarope stations: 56, 74, 130, 137, 141, 145 (common), 158 (large brown mass). Phylum COELENTERATA.1 Class HYDROZOA. Family Clavid,E. Clava leptostyla Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734, 328, etc.; Bum- pus, 1898, p. 487; Bumpus, 1898b, p. 857; Hargitt, 1901, p. 305; Nutting, 1901, p. 327. Woods Hole, on piles of Bureau of Fisheries pier; also from rockweed in “the Hole.” — Bumpus. Woods Hole, Hadley Harbor, etc. — Hargitt. “Rocks near the Hole.” — Nutting. Clava leptostyla — Continued. By Verrill not specifically recorded for this region, but said to grow “in clusters on the fronds of Eucus at low-water mark, on the most exposed shores.” Not encountered in the Survey dredging. “Breeding hydroids” recorded by Bumpus in March. Reproduces in spring or early sum- mer.— Hargitt, MS. notes. a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Prof. C. V\'. Hargitt. Specimens from points desig- nated by the dagger (f) were identified by Prof. C. C. Nutting. 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2—13 2 56° bulletin of the bureau of FISHERIES. Cordylophora lacustris Allman. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734 ( Cordylophora , species undetermined); Nutting, 1901, p. 327; Hargitt, 1908, p. 99. “ Found in a fresh- water pond near the [Nobska] bathing beach by A. D. Morrill.” — Nutting. Taken by Hargitt "in several similar ponds in the region and near Falmouth, and in fresh or brackish ponds on Marthas Vineyard.” Collected by Dr. Congdon at Tashmoo Pond, Great Pond, and Weweantic River, and by Mr. Edwards at Fresh Pond (Falmouth) and Oyster Pond. "The reproductive season seems to be chiefly in spring or early summer, and sparingly in July. Colonies have been found later, Sep- tember or October, but with no signs of gono- phores. ” — Hargitt. Family Corynid^E. Syncoryne mirabilis Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 735 ( Coryne mirab- ilis)-, Fewkes, 1881, p. 141 (Sarsia mirabilis ); Bumpus, 1898, p. 487 (Coryne)] Mead, 1898, p. 704 (Coryne)] Nutting, 1901, p. 328, 372; Hargitt, 1902a, p. 552; 1904, p. 30; Mayer, 1910, p. S3 (Sarsia tubulosa, var. mirabilis). “Marthas Vineyard to Greenland.” — Verrill. Hydroids on Bureau of Fisheries pier, at Woods Hole. — Bumpus, Mead. Waquoit. — Edwards, cited by Nutting. Rocks in Woods Hole Passage. — G. M. Gray. Medusae re- ported locally by various observers. "Breeding hydroids” in March. — Bumpus. In April (1898), according to Mead, the hydroids “occurred in colonies that could be measured by the square yard;” these disin- tegrated later. Dr. A. G. Mayer found the medusa to be common in Woods Hole Harbor on March 4 (1908); while Dr. Mead and Mr. G. T. Hargitt report its occurrence during April. According to Mr. Edwards’s towing records it is commonest during April and May, though taken occasionally in other months. The seasonal range is stated by Dr. C. W. Hargitt as extending from February to May. Syncoryne producta Hargitt. Hargitt, 1902a, p. 550 (Coryne producta, sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1904, p. 30; Mayer, 1910, p. 63 (Sarsia hargitti). Woods Hole: A single medusa taken in tow, August 10, 1901. ?Corynitis agassizii McCrady. Bumpus, 1898b, p. 857; Murbach, 1898, p. 354; Nutting, 1901, p. 329, 372; Hargitt, 1904, p. 42; 1908, p. 100; Mayer, 1910, p. 72. Murbach reported the occurrence of “ Corynitis agassizii ” upon floating sargassum from Vine- yard Sound. Hargitt has shown, however, that these observations refer to an entirely different species, Gcmmaria gemmosa McCrady, which Murbach endeavored to identify with Corynitis agassizii. Dr. Hargitt knows of no authentic records of the occurrence of the latter species at or near Woods Hole. The reader is referred to the conflicting statements of Hargitt, Murbach, and Mayer in the papers cited. Family Cbadocorynid^. Cladocoryhe floccosa sargassensis Hargitt. Hargitt, 1909, p. 369 (var. nov.). A form thus designated by Dr. Hargitt was taken on floating sargassum in Vineyard Sound during the summer of 1907. Family Codoniid^. Dipurena strangulata McCrady. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 341 (Dipurena conica)] A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 181 (Dipurena conica)] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 735, 455 (Dipu- rena conica)] Fewkes, 1881, p. 155 (Dipurena strangulata)] Nutting, 1901, p. 373 (Dipurena conica)] Hargitt, 1901b, p. 578 (Dipurena conica); 1902a, p. 554 (Dipurena conica and D. strangulata)] 1904, p. 30 (D. strangulata, p. 31 (D. conica)] Mayer, 1910, p. 76 (Slabberia strangulata) . Buzzards Bay, at Naushon Island, in July. — A. Agassiz. Newport. — Fewkes. Woods Hole and vicinity, in midsummer, common. — Hargitt. J. P. McMurrich (in Marine Biological Labora- tory card catalogue) records having obtained ova on August 7 (1893). Of the “Dipurena conica” of A. Agassiz, Hargitt writes: "It seems altogether probable . . . that we have here simply a varietal form, which would hardly justify specific separation, and should probably be included under the above species.” BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 561 f Dipurella clavata Hargitt.® Hargitt, 1902, p. 19 (sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1904, p. 31; Mayer, 1910, p. 76 ( Slabberia strangulata , immature). A single specimen taken in Great Harbor, August 16, 1902. Eciopleura ochracea Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 343; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 191 ; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 735, 455; Fewkes, 1882, p. 295; Nutting, 1901, p. 373; Hargitt, 1902a, p. 554; Hargitt, 1904, p. 32; Mayef, 1910, p. 69 ( Eciopleura dumortieri). Buzzards Bay, at Naushon Island. — A. Agassiz. Newport; Woods Hole. — Nutting. Woods Hole and vicinity, “taken mostly in the evening tow.” — Hargitt. A common species locally, occurring from June to September. Eciopleura prolifica Hargitt. Hargitt, 1908, p. 106 (sp. nov.). Described by Hargitt from a specimen found upon a small spider crab, dredged off Gay Head, July 15, 1907. Taken several times during summer of 1908, and in considerable numbers, both in Vineyard Sound and on the piles of the Bureau of Fisheries pier at Woods Hole. Hydrickthys mirus Fewkes. Fewkes, 1888, p. 224 (sp. nov.); Nutting, 1901, p. 374; Hargitt, 1904, p. 32; Mayer, 1910, p. 67- A large cluster found growing upon the side of a pilot-fish ( Seriola zonata) taken at Newport in August, 1887; not observed at any other time. Fewkes thought it likely that this hydroid was a parasite. Thousands of me- dusas were liberated while the animals were under observation. Family Pbnnariid^. Pennaria tiarella McCrady. [Chart 14.] A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 187; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 735. 327; Bumpus, 1898b, p. 858; Hargitt, 1900, p. 387-406; Nutting, 1901, p. 337. 374; Hargitt, 1901, p. 311; 1902a, p. 554; 1904, p. 32; Mayer, 1910, p. 25. Dredged by the survey throughout the length of Vineyard Sound, at depths of 1 to 15 fathoms on non-muddy bottoms; recorded but twice in the Buzzards Bay dredgings, though probably of more general occurrence as a Pennaria tiarella—1 Continued. littoral species. Pennaria has a wide range of habitat. It is perhaps most readily col- lected from piles, but is found upon all sorts of objects whether fixed or free. In mid- summer it occurs in abundance on floating eel grass. Dr. Hargitt believes that the attachment to eel grass represents a later seasonal phase in the life of Pennaria , and that it is to be regarded as an adaptation for distribution. The medusae are especially abundant in the latter part of the summer. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (? many), 7523 bis (? few colonies), 7524 (many)f, 7525 (abun- dant, large bunches), 7525 bis (? many), 7526 (many), 7531 bis*, 7537, 7540 (dead), 7542 (numerous), 7553 bis*, 7557, 7572 (many), 7582, 7589 (small tuft), 7S94 (small piece, dead), 7676 (sexually mature)*, 7681*, 7688*, 7703*, 7709*, 7717*, 7718*, 7721*, 7725*, 7726*, 773°*. 7733*. 774**. 7742*. 7743*. 7745*. 7746*, 7749*. 7751*. 7758*. 7759*. 7760*, 7761*, 7763*, 7764*, 7779*. Supplementary stations (I9°9): 7653. 7659- Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1*, 30*, 44*, 51*, 63*, 71*, 73*, hi*, 121*. Eupkysa virgulata Agassiz. Nutting, 1901, p. 370; Hargitt, 1904, p. 33; Mayer, 1910, p. 35 ( Steensirupia virgulata “=(}) S. aurata Forbes”). Woods Hole. — Hargitt. Family Hybocodoniduj. Hybocodon prolifer Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 736, 328; Nutting, 1901, p. 341, 370; Hargitt, 1902a, p. 552; Har- gitt, 1904, p. 33; Mayer, 1910, p. 38. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Woods Hole (medu- sae only). — Nutting. The medusae of this species have been taken locally by Mr. Edwards during nearly every month of the year, but they appear from his records to be most abundant in April. Dr. Mayer found them in abundance in Woods Hole Harbor on March 4 (1907), while Dr. Hargitt records their capture off Crab Ledge in July and August. So far as we know the polyp phase has not been definitely recorded for local waters, but the constant occurrence of the medusa war- rants the belief that the hydroid likewise occurs. a Dr. Hargitt now regards this as probably the medusa of Corynitis linvillei Hargitt. 562 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Family Corymorphid^E. Corymorpha pendula Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 736, 510; Nutting, 1901, p. 337, 370; Hargitt, 1901b, p. 580; 1902a, p. 549; 1904, p. 34 (Hybocodon pendula)', Mayer, 1910, p. 41 ( Hybocodon pendula). Sandy bottom in rather deep waters in Vine- yard Sound and Muskeget Channel and off Chatham and Nantucket. — Hargitt. Dr. Har- gitt has found medusae which are believed to belong to this species, but thus far their deri- vation from the polyp form has not been demonstrated by actual observation. Family Tiarid.®. Protiara haeckeli Hargitt. Hargitt, 1902, p. 17 (sp. nov.); 1904, p. 34; Mayer, 1910, p. 106 ( Protiara borealis). “ Off Gay Head and No Mans Land, Vineyard Sound. Several specimens were taken on two occasions during the summer (July and August) in the same general region. ” — Hargitt. Stomotoca apicata (McCrady). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 168; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734, 45s (no local records); Fewkes, 1881, p. 151 ( Dinematella cavosa)', p. 152 ( Stomotoca apicata)-, Mayer, 1900, p. 3; Nutting, 1901, p. 371; Hargitt, 1904, p. 35; Mayer, 1910, p. 109 (1 Stomotoca dinema). Newport. — -A. Agassiz, Mayer, Nutting. July, August, and September. Stomotoca rugosa Mayer. Mayer, 1900, p. 4 (sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1901b, p. 581; 1904, p. 35 ; Mayer, 1910, p. 112. Common at Newport. — Mayer. According to Brooks, this is the medusa of Perigonimus minutus Allman. Tunis vesicaria A. Agassiz. Nutting, 1901, p. 375; Hargitt, 1904, p. 36; Mayer, 1910, p. 126. Medusa at Woods Hole, collected by V. N. Edwards. — Nutting. This species has not been taken by Hargitt. Tunis episcopalis (Forbes). Fewkes, 1881, p. 147; Hargitt, 1904, p. 36; Mayer, 1910, p. 126 (Tunis vesicaria). Newport.— Fewkes. Turritopsis nutricula McCrady. L. Agassiz, 1862; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 167; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734, 454; Fewkes, 1881, p. 149 ( Modeeria multitentacula ); p. 153 ( Turritopsis nutricula ); Nutting, 1901, p. 375; Hargitt, 1904, p. 37; Mayer, 1910, p. 143. T unitopsis nutricula — Continued. Medusa atNaushon. — A. Agassiz. WoodsHole. — Nutting, Hargitt. Recorded by Agassiz for July and September. Specimens believed to belong to this species have been taken by Mr. Edwards in March and August. Family Bougainvxluid/E. Podocoryne fulgurans (Agassiz). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 163 ( Dysmorphosa ful- gurans)-, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734, 448, etc. ( Dysmorphosa fulgurans)-, Nutting, 1901, p. 374 (Dysmorphosa fulgurans)', Hargitt, 1904, p. 38 (Dysmorphosa fulgurans)-, Mayer, 1910, p. 139. Buzzards Bay, at Naushon. — Agassiz. Through- out the Woods Hole region, during the sum- mer.— Nutting, Hargitt. Podocoryne carnea Sars. Bumpus, 1898b; Hargitt, 1902a, p. 554; 1904, p. 38; Mayer, 1910, p. 136. Vineyard Sound; Tarpaulin Cove.— Hargitt. Buzzards Bay, at 1909 repetitions of Fish Hawk stations 7618*, 7648*, and 7653* in each case on shells occupied by hermit crabs.— Survey. Hydroid phase chiefly on the shells of hermit crabs. Medusae fairly com- mon locally. “ Breeding ” during August. — Bumpus, citing Murbach. Hydractinia echinata Fleming.0 [Chart 15.] A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 198 (Hydractinia polyclina)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 736, 328, etc. (Hy- dractinia polyclina)-, Bumpus, 1898b, p. 858 (Hydractinia (Echinata) polyclina)-, Nutting, 1901, p. 335 (Hydractinia polyclina)-, Hargitt, 1908, p. 97. Generally present in local waters; distribution in large degree coextensive with that of the hermit crabs, on whose shells it dwells, though this species appears to be nearly or quite lacking in the central portions of Buzzards Bay. Recorded from all of the Crab Ledge stations. Dredged on every sort of bottom. In the great majority of cases Hydractinia is found upon shells occupied by hermit crabs, though its presence has been noted in the fol- lowing situations by various local observers: rocks (Verrill); rock-weed and Limulus (Bumpus); piles of piers (Nutting, Osbum, Hargitt); maxillipeds of lobster, chela of a This species, according to Agassiz and Nutting, is quite distinct from the H. echinata of Europe. Eeidy, McCrady and Hargitt hold otherwise. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 563 Hydractinia echinata — Continued , Cancer irroratus, stems of rock-weed, carapace and legs of Limulus (Hargitt). During the survey dredging it was found upon two sticks of wood brought up from the bottom near Menemsha Bight, also from the shell of a living Buccinum undatum. Regarding an interesting mass of these organisms found at Vineyard Haven, in August, 1906, Dr. Osbum has furnished the following notes: “One old pile, broken off just at low water, was entirely incrusted, almost to the exclusion of all else, with a colony of Hydractinia polyclina . . . The colony extended from just below low water to over a fathom’s depth and covered many square feet.” The following is probably a very incomplete list of stations at which this species was dredged: Fish Hawk stations: 7523, 7526, 7532, 7537, 7542, 7554, 7559, 7560, 7561, 7563, 7567, 7570, 7574, 7576, 7582, 7583, 7592> 7596- 76°3> 76°4> 7605, 7606, 7607, 7608, 7609, 7664, 7676, 7677, 7678, 7680, 7681, 7682, 7683, 7698, 7699, 7701, 7702, 7703, 7706, 7707, 7708, 7718, 7719, 7720, 7722, 7726, 7727, 7730, 7731, 7734, 7736- 7740, 7753, 7761, 7762, 7764, 7766, 7767, 7769, 7770, 7772, 7773, 7776, 7777, 7778, 7779- 778o, 7781, 7782, 7783. Supplementary station (1909): 7636. Phalarope stations: 59, 60, 62, 64, 71, 72, 73, 83, 90, 107, 108, 109, no, in, 113, 118, 122, 129, 130, 132, 133, 135, 136, 140, 142, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154, 158, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 167. Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 146. “Breeds” during July and August. — Bumpus. Lizzia grata Agassiz. Fewkes, 1881, p. 142; Bumpus, 1898b; Nutting, 1901, p. 376; Hargitt, 1902a, p. 552; 1904, p. 39; Mayer, 1910, p. 179 ( Rathkea octopunctata var. grata). Medusa at Newport. — Fewkes. Woods Hole Harbor and Eel Pond, April to August. — C. W. Hargitt. Dr. Mayer reported this species as common in Woods Hole Harbor, March 4, 1907, while Mr. G. T. Hargitt found it in abundance from April 5 to n, 1908. Accord- ing to Mr. Edwards’s towing records, it is most common in April, though taken from February to August and occasionally at other times. Bougainvillia carolinensis (McCrady). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 156 ( Margelis carolinenis ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 733, 408, etc. {Margelis carolinensis.)', Bumpus, 1898b, p. 858 ( Margelis carolinenses ); Nutting, 1901, p. 330, 376; Hargitt, 1902a, p. 554; 1904, p. 39; Mayer, 1910, p. 165. Hydroids generally distributed in shallower waters upon piles, rock-weed and floating timber; not recorded in the Survey dredging. Medusa common in summer, occurring during August and September (Verrill); as early as June (Hargitt). Mr. G. T. Hargitt found a few specimens early in April (1908) which he referred to this species. Bougainvillia superciliaris Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 153; Verrill and Smith, i873> P- 733, 328, etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 330, 376; Hargitt, 1902, p. 13; 1904, p. 40; Mayer, 1910, p. 162. Newport. — A. Agassiz. Woods Hole (medusa only). — Nutting. Medusae taken in April, May, and June (Verrill); August 11, 1899 (Nutting); “June to September” (Hargitt). Bougainvillia autumnalis Hartlaub. Mayer, 1900, p. 5 ( Bougainvillia gibbsi)', Hargitt, 1904, p. 40 ( Bougainvillia gibbsi ); Mayer, 1910, p. 169. Medusa taken at Newport, from July to Octo- ber.— Mayer. Calyptospadix cerulea Clarke. Hargitt, 1909, p. 371. Woods Hole Harbor; found by Dr. Hargitt, growing on the bottom of the steamer Fish Hawk, also on piles of Fisheries pier, August, 1908. Wareham, on bridge, August, 1908; “fine colonies” collected by V. N. Edwards, identified by C. W. Hargitt. During follow- ing summer no specimens were taken in Woods Hole Harbor, but “ luxurious colonies” were again taken at Wareham. Dr. Hargitt believes that this species has but recently established itself in the region. Willia ornata McCrady. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 346; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 171; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 735, 455; Fewkes, 1882, p. 299; Nutting, 1901, p. 377; Hargitt, 1902a, p. 554; 1904, p. 40; Mayer, 1910, p. 189 ( Proboscidactyla ornata). Buzzards Bay, at Naushon, the last part of September. — A. Agassiz. Great Harbor and Eel Pond; “more or less common at irregular intervals”; medusae of all sizes and stages found during the summer. — Hargitt. 564 bulletin oe the bureau oe fisheries. Nemopsis bachei Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 149; Verrill and Smith, 1873. P- 73 3. 454; Nutting, 1901, p. 375! Hargitt, 1902, p. 14; 1902a, p. 554; 1904, p. 41; Mayer, 1910, p. 173. Medusae reported from Nantucket, Vineyard Haven, Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, and Newport. Common in September. — A. Agas- siz. Observed from June to September. — Verrill, Hargitt, Nutting. Stylactis hooperi Sigerfoos. Nutting, 190X, p. 335, 374; Hargitt, 1904, p. 41; Mayer, 1910, p. 150. “Found growing on a live gastropod Ilyanassa. Collected near Woods Hole by Mr. Wal- dron.”— Nutting. Family EudEndriid.E. Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus). [Chart 16.] A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 159 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734. 4°8, etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 332; Bumpus, 1898b, p. 857; Hargitt, 1908, p. 95. “Off Gay Head, 8 to 20 fathoms.” — Verrill. Abundant and of general distribution through- out Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, being one of the few liydroids dredged with great frequency in the latter; taken in 2 to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. — Survey. Likewise abundant on piles and frequent in shallower waters than those reached by the dredge. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few), 7521 bis*, 7523, 7525 bis*, 7527 (few tufts), 7532 (few), 7534, 7535- 7535 bis*. 7537 (abundant), 7540, 7542 bis (few colonies), 7543 (many), 7543 bis, 7544, 7545 (stolons), 7545 bis*, 7546 (dead branch)*, 7546 bis*, 7549. 7549 bis*’ 755°. 755° bis (few), 7551 , 7551 bis (much), 7552, 7552 bis (few), 7553, 7556 bis (few), 7557 (large branch), 7558 (large branch living), 7559 (living), 7561 (many clusters living), 7562 (many living), 7563 (many living), 7568 (small bunch), 7570, 7572 (much), 7575 (much), 7576, 7577 (several colonies), 7578 (on Mytilus), 7579 (few living), 7598 (dead), 7605*, 7607*, 7612 (? fragment)*, 7618 (? fragments)*, 7619, 7624 (few dead stems), 7625 (few dead colonies), 7627 (few colonies), 7631 (1 small colony), 7633 (1 colony), 7637 (few stems), 7642 (few dead stems), 7645 (1 colony), 7659 (few colonies), 7662 (? old fragments)*, 7663*, 7666*, 7670 (few colonies), 7690*, 7702*, 7724*, 7741 (little)*, 7744*. 7746*. 7749*. 7752*, 7755*. 7759*. 7778*, 778i*. 7782*, 7783*. Supple- mentary stations* (1906): 7525, 7537, 7545; a Identified as Eudendrium ramosum — Continued. (1907): 7526, 7538, 7549; (1909); 7622 (frag- ment), 7643 (fragments), 7653 (living), 7657 (dead stems), 7660 (living and dead), 7668 (living, with gonads), 7670 (? fragments), 7671 (fragments). Phalarope stations: 13*, 14 (?)*, 37, 58*, 68, 69*, 82, in*, 160 (? dead stems)*, 163 (1 bunch)*. Concerning reproduction Bumpus records: “Col- onies of Eudendrium , probably E. ramosum, were taken in a very imperfect condition June 17 [1908], apparently just beginning from old stolons * * * Theearliestsignsof develop- ment of eggs occurred during the first week of July. The latest were recorded by Dr. Murbach, on September 15.” After speaking of the slight mention made of Eudendrium ramosum in the earlier accounts of our local fauna, Hargitt comments: “Can it be possible that this species is a recent comer into this region, or has it become more prolific and abundant of recent years, or was its earlier presence simply overlooked by naturalists?” Eudendrium dispar Agassiz. [Chart 17.] A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 159; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734, 408; Hargitt, 1901, p. 309; 1008, p. 96; Nutting, 1901, p. 332. Naushon. — A. Agassiz. Vineyard Sound. — Ver- rill. Apparently no local specimens were assigned to this species by Nutting. Speci- mens thus identified by Dr. Hargitt were dredged rather frequently by the survey in Vineyard Sound, almost exclusively in the western half, in 8 to 19 fathoms, for the most part on bottoms of sand and gravel. Taken also at Great Round Shoal, off Nantucket, July 23, 1908*. There are no Survey records for Buzzards Bay. Hargitt ’s statements ( 1908, p. 96, 97) to the effect that this species “seems to be more common in Buzzards Bay, ” and that it “has not been taken on the average once 'per year during this period [i. e., 15 years]” were based upon a misunderstanding as to the source of certain specimens which were examined by him. Fish Hawk stations*: 7523 bis, 7567 (several clusters)0, 7678 (sexually mature), 7682 (male and female), 7689, 7697 (male and female), 7698 (female), 7699 (male and female), 7700 (female), 7701, 7706, 7725, 7727, 7730, 7734, 7735. 7736, 7739. 7745 (? fragments). Supple- mentary stations* (1906): 7567 (twice re- peated) 7723. Phalarope station 58*. E . ramosum " by Dr. Nutting. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 565 Eudendrium carneum Clarke. Nutting, 1901, p. 333; Hargitt, 1908, p. 97. A specimen found in United States Fish Com- mission collection at Woods Hole, dated De- cember 17, 1888, locality not stated. — Nutting. Recorded by Hargitt from the following points: Piles of New York Yacht Club pier at Vineyard Haven (collected by R. C. Osburn); off Naushon, on Fucus off Gay Head (1906 and ? 1907). Eudendrium tenue A. Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 160; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734; Nutting, 1901, p. 333; Hargitt, 1908, p. 97. Buzzards Bay at Naushon. — A. Agassiz. Vine- yard Haven, at New York Yacht Club pier, August, 1906. (Collected by R. C. Osburn; identified by C. W. Hargitt.) Eudendrium capillare Alder. Hargitt, 1901, p. 310; 1908, p. 97; Nutting, 1901, P- 334- “Newport, R. I., in shallow water.” — Nutting. Great Harbor, Woods Hole. — Hargitt. A specimen doubtfully assigned to this species by Dr. Hargitt was dredged near Quicks Hole, at Phalarope station 82; others recorded from Buzzards Bay, at 1909 repetitions of Fish Hawk stations 7670 (? fragments) and 7672. Eudendrium album Nutting. Nutting, 1901, p. 334; Hargitt, 1901, p. 310; 1908, p. 97. “Found on floating seaweed . . . in . . . tow at Woods Hole; also on United States Fish Commission wharf.”— -Nutting. Specimens thus identified by Dr. Hargitt were taken at Fish Hawk stations (repeated): 7523 (1906) and 7776 (1907). Eudendrium sp. undet. Fish Hawk stations: 7523 bis, 7539, 7541 bis, 7554 bis, 7555. 75^4- 75^4 bis, 7581, 7582, 7583,7584, 7592, 7596, 7599, 7604, 7680, 7681, 7768, 7769, 7770, 7772, 7773, 7777. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 15, 51, 108. Family CeadonemiuE. Gemmaria cladophora Agassiz. Nutting, 1901, p. 371; Hargitt, 1904, p. 42 ; Mayer, 1910, p. 90 Zanclea cladophora). “Collected at Woods Hole, August, 1899.” — Nutting. Woods Hole (? independent rec- ord).— Hargitt. Gemmaria gemmosa McCrady. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 184; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 735, 455; Fewkes, 1881, p. 150; Murbach, 1898, p. 354; Nutting, 1901, p. 329, 372; Plar- gitt, 1904, p. 42; 1908, p. 100; Mayer, 1910, p. 88 ( Zanclea gemmosa). “Buzzards Bay, Naushon.” — A. Agassiz. New- port, in September. — Fewkes. Polyp colo- nies recorded by Murbach for Woods Hole, under name of “ Corynitis agassizii McCrady.” Since these liberated medusa: which were identified as Gemmaria gemmosa, Murbach con- cluded that Corynitis agassizii and Gemmaria gemmosa were merely different phases in the life history of the same organism. Nutting accepted this view, but Hargitt rejects it, be- lieving Murbach to have been mistaken in his identification of the polyp form. Family Tubueariid2E. Tubularia couthouyi Agassiz [Chart 18.] Bumpus, 1898, p. 489; 1898a, p. 61; Hargitt, 1901, p. 313; Nutting, 1901, p. 338. Quicks Hole and off Nobska Point. — G. M. Gray, cited by Nutting. Vineyard Sound, common, chiefly in the eastern half; mouth of Buzzards Bay .dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, mainly on mud- free bottoms, and particularly among stones and gravel. — Survey. The specimens taken in the inner waters during the summer months are all, or nearly all, empty perisarcs, or ones in which the coenosarc is dormant. Living hydranths, loaded with ripe gonophores, were reported by Dr. Bumpus during March (1898), and Mr. Gray states that he has taken living specimens from January till April. Offshore, in 29 fathoms, living hydranths were dredged by the Fish Hawk in August, 1905, and at Crab Ledge small ones were met with July 21, 1908, and August 12, 1909. Nutting writes: “A number of beautiful specimens were sent me by Dr. Mead, of Brown University, who had them growing in a submerged flatboat at Providence, R. I. [season not stated].” Mr. Gray reports that he found considerable num- bers of this species growing upon the carapace of a living Limulus. Those dredged are gen- erally attached to stones or shells. (Is Nut- ting justified in his statement that this species is usually found in brackish water?). Fish Hawk stations: 7522 bis (1 tube), 7528 (many tubes), 7529 (1 stem), 7531 (2 stems), 7532 bis (many stems), 7533 bis (few stems), 7534 (few tubes)*, 7537 (few), 7538 (very abundant), 7538 bis (few), 7539 (few), 7544 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 566 Tubularia conthouyi — Continued. (numerous), 7549 bis (few), 7550 bis (few), 7554 bis (1), 7555, 7564 (1 tube), 7579 (1 peri- sarc), 7588 (many stalks), 7593 (several tubes), 759s (many tubes), 7664 (few), 7665 (few), 7666 (few), 7670 (few), 7671 (few), 7672 (sev- eral), 7673 (several), 7674, 7682 (stems), 7686 (? 1 tube), 7697 (few tubes), 7698 (1), 7701 (stems), 7722 (1), 7732 (few), 7737 (several), 7738 (stems), 7753 (many). Supplementary stations (1907): 7538*; (1909): 7670,7671,7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (1 tube), 2 (several tubes), 5 (2 tubes), 6 (several stems), 7 (several tubes), 8 (several), 9 (numbers), 10 (few), 11 (few), 13 (common), 14 (few), 15 (few tubes), 17 (1 tube on Busycon shell), 20 (1 tube), 28 (1 stem), 82 (stems), 1 13, 114 (many tubes). Tubularia larynx Ellis & Solander. Nutting, 1901, p. 339. ‘‘A number of specimens secured growing on Eu- dendrium dispar and on seaweed at U. S. Fish Commission station 7060, Muskeget Life-Sav- ing station bearing N. by E. E. 4L2 miles. Depth, 5 fathoms.” Tubularia spectabilis (Agassiz). Nutting, 1901, p. 339. “ Found on rocks at end of Newport Island. At Woods Flole , locality not given. ’ ’ A specimen doubtfully referred by Dr. Hargitt to this spe- cies was taken in 1907 at a repetition of Fish Hawk station 7526. Tubularia tenella (Agassiz). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 736, 407, etc. ( Tham - nocnidia tenella ); Nutting, 1901, p. 339. “Vineyard Sound, 6 to 10 fathoms.” — Verrill. Crab Ledge, abundant, growing attached to sponge and to Boltenia stems; Woods Hole passage — Survey. Off Gay Head, August, 1906. — Hargitt. Fish Hawk stations: 7603)' (abundant), 7604, 7605 (very abundant). Phalarope stations: is(?)*, 121,*. Tubularia crocea (Agassiz). [Chart 19] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 736, 390, etc. ( Pa - rypha crocea); Bumpus, 1898, p. 858 ( Parypha ); Nutting, 1901, p. 340. Dredged in abundance throughout the length of Vineyard Sound; Bay records few and re- stricted to the lower half; common at Crab Ledge; taken in 2 to 25 fathoms on quite va- rious bottoms. — Survey. Abundant, also, on piles of piers, floating timbers, etc., at Woods Hole and elsewhere, and sometimes on Fucus; Tubularia crocea — Continued. it often flourishes in water which is somewhat brackish. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few tubes)*f, 7521 bis (several clusters)*, 7522 (several tubes), 7522 bis*, 7523 bis*, 7525 bis*, 7528 (few stems), 7531 (bunch of stems), 7532 (few tubes), 7532 bis, 7533 (few tubes), 7535 (few tubes), 7536 bis (many living), 7538 (numerous perisarcs), 7538 bis*, 7539 (few bunches of perisarcs), 7540 (few perisarcs, some forming part of Diopatra tube), 7543 bis (? few colonies), 7546 (1 living cluster), 7547 bis (? 1 colony), 7551 (many living), 7553 (1 cluster of tubes), 7554 (1 cluster tubes), 7557 (several tufts, living), 7560 (few clusters liv- ing), 7561 (few clusters living), 7564 (few tubes), 7566 (1 cluster living), 7572 (1 cluster), 7573 (few clusters, tubes), 7582 (1 cluster tubes), 7603*, 7604, 7605*, 7607*1, 7608! (abundant, growing on Balanus ), 7609*, 7653 (1 bunch), 7656 (few colonies), 7689, 7690, 7692, 7697 (4 stems), 7701, 7702, 7703, 7704 (1 hy- dranth), 7721, 7722 (fragments), 77 23, 7725, 7732 (fragments), 7733, 7739, 7745, 7753 (? fragments)*, 7755*. Supplementary stations* (1907): 7521, 7538; (1909): 7653, 7660. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 3 (2 large liv- ing bunches), 4 (few living), 7 (few clusters), 8 (few), 9 (many), 10 (common, living), 11 (few), 12 (tubes), 13 (few colonies)*, 14 (few), 15 (abundant, living), 16 (abundant, living), 21 (common), 22 (few), 23 (few), 24 (very abundant), 26 (abundant), 27 (very abundant, living), 29 (few), 30 (few), 36 (few tubes), 39 (few tubes), 52 (few tubes), 60 (many tubes), 63 (few), 66 (several), 73 (few), 82 (few tubes), 83 (tubes), 86, 113, 114 (few), 118 (tubes), 121 (tubes). In midsummer, in the warmer waters of the har- bor, the hydranths of this species disappear by a normal process of autotomy. On the local pier, for example, living hydranths begin to be scarce about the third week in July. — Max Morse and A. J. Goldfarb. Later, they reap- pear in these same places, being found during the latter part of October. — Morse. In some- what cooler waters, T. crocea may remain in an active condition throughout the entire sum- mer, such specimens having not infrequently been recorded during the survey dredging in Vineyard Sound, between July 6 and August 21. Dr. Morse informs us that they may like- wise be found in small numbers in Woods Hole passage, throughout the summer months. “Breeding” hydroids found in March. — Bum- pus. Reproduces in June and July.— Hargitt. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 567 Tubularia parasitica Hargitt. a Hargitt 1902 a, p. 550 (sp. nov.). Found (parasitic?) upon the base of Corymorpha pendula, dredged in Muskeget Channel, Au- gust, 1900. Hypolytus peregrinus Murbach. Murbach, 1898, p. 341 (sp. nov.); Bumpus, 1898b; Nutting, 1901, p. 340; Hargitt, 1901a, P- 3i5- Described by Dr. Murbach from specimens taken in the Eel Pond, during the summer of 1895, and since then found on a number of occa- sions in the same locality. This is a free living, solitary form, capable of temporary at- tachment to eelgrass, etc. Only a hydroid generation occurs, which becomes sexually mature in August. Family Tiiaumantiidae. Lacdicea calcarata Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 350; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 122 (Lafcea calcarata)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729, 334, etc. (Lafcea calcarata)-, Nut- ting, 1901, p. 353, 378 ( Hebella calcarata ); Hargitt, 1902, p. 14 ( Lafcea calcarata.)-, 1902a, p. 554; (Lap oca calcarata) Hargitt, 1904, p. 43; Mayer, 1910, p. 201 ( Laodicea cruciata). Buzzards Bay, at Naushon. — A. Agassiz. “Hy- drarium abundant on floating Zostera and alga in Vineyard Sound, creeping over Sertu- laria cornicina; also at low water, and in 6 to 8 fathoms on Phyllophora.” — Verrill. Medusae in tow at Woods Hole during July and August: common. — Hargitt. Taken likewise in Sep- tember, according to Verrill. Staurostoma laciniata (Agassiz). Hargitt, 1902a, p. 553 ( Staurophora laciniata)-, Hargitt, 1904, p. 43; Mayer, 1910, p. 291 (, Staurophora mertensii) . “ Very common at times at Woods Hole and in adjacent waters.” — Hargitt. Taken in May by G. M. Gray and H. M. Smith. Melicertum campanula Agassiz. Nutting, 1901, p. 382; Hargitt, 1904, p. 44; Mayer, 1910, p. 207. Medusa taken at Woods Hole by V. N. Edwards. — Nutting. Dr. Hargitt has not found the species here. Orchistoma tentaculata Mayer. Mayer, 1900, p. 8 (sp. nov.); Nutting, 1901, p. 377; Hargitt, 1904, p. 44; Mayer, 1910, p. 212. ewport, one immature specimen (medusa) taken August 18, 1896. — Mayer. Family Eucopidag. Eutima mira McCrady. Nutting, 1901, p. 378; Hargitt, 1904, p. 45; May- er, 1910, p. 295. Woods Hole. — Nutting. “Very common at Woods Hole and in Vineyard Sound during August . ’ ’ — Hargitt . ? Eutima limpida Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 363; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 116; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729, 454; Nutting, 1901, p. 377; Hargitt, 1902a, p. 554; 1904, p. 46; 1908, p. in; Mayer, 1910, p. 295 ( Eutima mira). “ Buzzards Bay during September. ” — A. Agassiz. F. R. Lillie (Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue) records having taken this spe- cies August 8 and 9, 1893. Reported by Har- gitt (1902) as fairly common locally, though this statement is later corrected, the earlier opinion having been based upon immature specimens of E. mira. Dr. Hargitt now states that he has never known such a species to be taken in local waters, and believes it to be “probably at most but a regional variety of E. mira.” Eucheilota ventricularis McCrady. L- Agassiz, 1862, p. 353; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 74; Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 725> 4541 Fewkes, 1881, p. 159; Nutting, 1901, p. 379 Hargitt, 1902 a, p. 554; Hargitt, 1904, p. 46; Mayer, 1910, p. 282. Medusae believed to be the young of this species “exceedingly common at Naushon.” — A. Ag- assiz. Newport.— Fewkes. “Fairly common in the waters adjacent to Woods Hole;” taken in August. — Hargitt. Eucheilota duodecimals Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 353; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 75; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 725,454; Fewkes, 1882, p. 297 ( Phialium duodecimale); Nutting, 1901, p. 378; Hargitt, 1902a, p. 554; 1904, p. 46; Mayer, 1910, p. 283. Buzzards Bay at Naushon. — A. Agassiz. New- port, Woods Hole. — Nutting. Woods Hole, Hargitt. Recorded for July and August. Tima formosa Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729, 448, etc. ; Fewkes, 1881, p. 157; Nutting, 1901, p. 379; Hargitt, 1902a, p. 553; 1904, p. 47; Mayer, 1910, p. 317. “Vineyard Sound, February and April.” — Ver- rill. “ Very abundant at Newport, in May.” — Fewkes. Woods Hole. — F. M. Walmsley, cited by Nutting. “Rather general through- a Dr. Hargitt now entertains somo doubt as to the validity of this species. 568 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Tima formosa — Continued. out the region.” — Hargitt. According to Mr. Edwards’s extensive towing records, this spe- cies is most abundant locally in April and May, though taken q.s early as February, and again in August and September. Tiaropsis diademata Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 725, 454, etc.; Mead, 1898, p. 704; Nutting, 1901, p. 381; Hargitt, 1902a, p. 552; 1904, p. 49; Mayer, 1910, p. 258. “Woods Hole; April 17 (V. N. Edwards).” — Verrill. “Taken frequently,” April, 1908. — Mead. “Occasionally taken at Woods Hole, March to May.” — Hargitt. March 4, 1907, a few young. — A. G. Mayer. Oceania languida Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 332; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 70; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 725, 454; Hargitt, 1902, p. 13; 1904, p. 50; Mayer, 1910, p. 269 ( Phialidium languidum). Naushon, in September. — A. Agassiz. Buz- zards Bay; common in Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. “Very abundant in the Woods Hole region, . . . June to September.” — Har- gitt. Oceania singularis Mayer. Mayer, 1900, p. 7 (sp. nov.); Nutting, 1901, p. 380; Hargitt, 1904, p. 50; Mayer, 1910, p. 273 ( Phialidium singularis) . A single specimen taken at Newport, August 22, 1896. Epenthesis folleata McCrady. Fewkes, 1882, p. 298; Nutting, 1901, p. 381; Har- gitt, 1902, p. 13; 1902a, p. 354; 1904, p. 50; Mayer, 1910, p. 264 (Clytia folleata). Newport. — Fewkes. “Common in Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole, etc., from July to Sep- tember.”— Hargitt. According to Mr. Ed- wards’s towing records, this medusa has been taken locally from February to December, being most common in May. Family Campanularhd^. Clytia bicophora Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 78; Verrill and*Smith, 1873, p. 725, 408, etc. (Clytia jolinstoni)', Bumpus, 1898b, p. 857; Nutting, 1901, p. 343, 379; Har- gitt, 1904, p. 46; Mayer, 1910, p. 262 ( Clytia volubilis). Vineyard Sound. — L. Agassiz. Naushon. — L. and A. Agassiz. “Buzzards Bay; Vineyard Sound, 1 to 14 fathoms, common, ’ ’ attached to larger hydroids and algae. — Verrill. “Found on the stems of Tubularia crocea ... on the Clytia bicophora — Continued. piles of the United States Fish Commission dock at Woods Hole. ’ ’ — Nutting. Hvdroid col- onies found locally on Fucus or among other hydroids, shells, etc. Medusa “frequent in the tow at Woods Hole,” in summer. — Hargitt. Nutting regards this species as quite distinct from C. johnstoni Alder, with which it has been placed by Hincks and by Verrill. Clytia cylindrica Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 334 (Platy pyxis cylindrica)', A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 80 ( Platypyxis cylindrica)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 726, 408, etc. (Platypyxis cylindrica)', Nutting, 1901, p. 343; Hargitt, 1909, p. 374. Buzzards Bay, at Naushon. — A. Agassiz. “ Vine- yard Sound; off Buzzards Bay, 23 fathoms. ” — - Verrill. Buzzards Bay, at 1909 repetition of Fish Hawk station 7633.* — Survey. Clytia noliformis (McCrady). Nutting, 1901, p. 343, 379; Hargitt, 1904, p. 47. Dr. Nutting regards the occurrence of this spe- cies at Woods Hole as doubtful. According to Dr. Hargitt, however, the medusa is not uncommon locally. Clytia grayi Nutting. Nutting, 1901, p. 344 (sp. nov.). Nutting’s record refers to specimens dredged by the Fish Hawk south of Marthas Vineyard in 31 fathoms; thus not strictly within the region. Likewise taken off Crab Ledge. — Hargitt. Clytia volubilis Lamouroux. Hargitt, 1909, p. 373. Neighborhood of Woods Hole, on floating masses of sargassum. Campanularia poierium (Agassiz). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 726, 408, etc. (Orthopyxis caliculata); Nutting, 1901, p. 344. “Off Gay Head and in Vineyard Sound, 4 to 15 fathoms.” — Verrill. Off Nantucket, in 23 fathoms. — N utting . Campanularia hincksii Alder. Nutting, 1901, p. 345. “A specimen was secured from a depth of 13 fathoms near Newport, R. I..” Campanularia volubilis (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 726, 408, etc.; Nut- ting, 1901, p. 345. “Vineyard Sound to Greenland.” — Verrill. “Found growing on Sertularella tricuspidala on specimens in the U. S. Fish Commission collection; supposed to be from rather deep water.” — Nutting. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 569 Campanidaria minuia Nutting. Nutting, 1901, p. 345 (sp. nov.). “ Parasitic on Obelia commissuralis from the piles of the wharf at New Bedford. Collected by Mr. Vinal Edwards.” — Nutting. Campanularia edwardsi Nutting. Nutting, 1901, p. 346 (sp. nov.). The type- specimen was found on the piles of the U. S. F. C. dock at Woods Hole.” Campanularia neglecta (Alder). Nutting, 1901, p. 346. Woods Hole. Said to occur ‘‘in shallow water, on stones, shells, and other hydroids.” Campanularia verticillata (Linnaeus). Nutting, 1901, p. 347 (not listed for strictly local waters); Hargitt, 1908, p. 112. A specimen thus identified by Prof. Nutting was dredged by the survey at Crab Ledge (Fish Hawk station 7609) in 1903. Prof. Hargitt thus identifies specimens found upon a valve of Modiolus taken by Mr. Edwards off Sankaty Light, at a depth of 25 fathoms. Campanularia amphora (Agassiz). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 93 ( Laomedea amphora); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 727, 327 ( Cam- panularia flexuosa)', Bumpus, 1898, p. 858 {Laomedea amphora ); Nutting, 1901, p. 347. Naushon. — A. Agassiz. On Fucus, with ripe gonophores, June 2, 1890 — J. P. McMurrich, in Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue. “Common in shallow water in the Woods Hole region . ’ ’ — N utting. Verrill confuses this species with C. flexuosa Hincks, and includes both species under C. flexuosa. ? Campanularia angulata Hincks. Nutting, 1901, p. 347. Woods Hole region (specimens identified doubt- fully by C. C. Nutting). Campanularia calceolifera Hincks. Verrill, 1875, p. 42; Nutting, 1901, p. 348. United States Bureau of Fisheries pier at Woods Hole. — Verrill, Nutting. Campanularia flexuosa (Hincks). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 726, 327, etc.; Nut- ting, 1901, p. 348. Vineyard Sound, off Gay Head. — Verrill. (By Verrill C. amphora (Agassiz) was also included under this species). “One of the most abun- dant species at Woods Hole,” occurring “on floating seaweed and on rocks and timbers in shallow water.” — Nutting. Vineyard Haven. (Collected by Osburn, identified by Hargitt.) Obelia flabellata (Hincks). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 728, 390, etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 350; Hargitt, 1902, p. 14; 1908, p. 109; Mayer, 1910, p. 249 {Obelia plana). Woods Plole, on old wreck, in the passage. — Verrill. “Collected by Mr. George M. Gray at Woods Plole in April, 1906, and in the aquarium numerous medusae were lib- erated.’ ’ — Hargitt. Obelia commissuralis McCrady. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 351; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 91; Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 728, 327> etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 350, 380; Hargitt, 1904, p. 48; Mayer, 1910, p. 244. Hydroids common and of general distribution in shallow waters locally, being found on rocks, piles, or seaweed. In the Survey dredging re- corded only from Fish Hawk stations 7678*, 7680*, and 7707*. Medusae taken in abundance occurring from July to September. Obelia diaphana (Agassiz). L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 352 {Eucope diaphana)', A. Agassiz,. 1865, p. 83 (do.); Verrill and Smith, 3:873, P- 727> 327> etc.; Hargitt, 1904, p. 48; Mayer, 1910, p. 249 {Obelia geniculata). Hydroids reported as abundant in local waters, on Fucus, etc.; medusae likewise common, being referred to by A. Agassiz as “by far the most common of our jellyfishes.” According to this writer, the medusae occur from March to November. Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 728, 407, etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 350; Mayer, 1910, p. 246. “Vineyard Sound, northward; .... off Gay Head, 8 to 10 fathoms, on ascidians.” — Verrill. Nutting thinks it likely that this is the same species as Eucope pyriformis A. Agassiz. Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus). [Chart 20.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 727> 4°7> etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 351, 380; Hargitt, 1902, p. 14; Mayer, 1910, p. 249. Dredged by the Survey throughout Vineyard Sound, and occasionally in the lower half of Buzzards Bay, occurring at 1 to 16 fathoms, on various bottoms, generally growing on Lamin- aria or other seaweeds; taken most abundantly at the western end of the Sound. This species is likewise common on piles and floating tim- bers, and is occasionally found growing in profusion on other animals, such as Lepas, the sargasso crabs, and even the sea horse {Hip- pocampus). The medusae occur during the summer. 57o bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Obelia geniculata — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis, 7532 bis, 7535 bis*, 7543 bis» 7548*, 755I> 7557. 75^0, 7575, 7579- 7582, 7583, 7585, 7589, 7592, 7593, 7595, 7610, 7637, 7642, 7656 (?)*, 7662, 7664, 7667, 7671*, 7678*, 7679 (?)*, 7701 (?)*, 7702 (?)*, 7703*, 7704*, 7706*, 7709 (?)*, 7718*, 7720*, 7722*, 7723*. 7726 (?)*, 7730 (?)*> 7 73 1 (?)*> 7739*. 7755*. 7767*- Supplementary stations: Ap- proximate repetitions in 1907 of stations 7521, 758i, 773 1 (?)> 7739- Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 17, 24 (?)*, 28 (?), 29 (?), 32*, 33, 34, 44*, 47*, 51*, 57, 58*, 114*, 118*. Obelia gelatinosa (Pallas). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 728, 391, etc.; Nutting, 1901, pp. 351, 380; Hargitt, 1904, p. 48; Mayer, 1910, p. 244. Listed by Nutting and Hargitt for the region. According to Verrill, this species is sometimes found in waters which are quite brackish, while Nutting states that it may grow between tides. Obelia pyriformis (A. Agassiz). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 727, 390, etc.; Hargitt, 1904, p. 49; Mayer, 1910, p. 247. “Very abundant on piles of wharves, etc., at Woods Hole.” — Verrill. Hargitt records the medusae locally. Nutting thinks it likely that this species is identical with Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus). Obelia bicuspidata Clarke. Nutting, 1901, p. 351; Mayer, 1910, p. 254 ( Obelia bidentata). “Near Woods Hole, 19 fathoms.” — Nutting. Vineyard Haven. — Hargitt. Obelia longissima (Pallas). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 728; Nutting, iqor, P- 35U 379'. Mayer, 1910, p. 255. Gay Head. — Verrill. Woods Hole. — Nutting. Obelia bidentata Clarke. Nutting, 1901, p. 351 (not recorded locally); Mayer, 1910, p. 254. Vineyard Haven. — Hargitt. Obelia congdoni Hargitt. Hargitt, 1909, p. 375 (sp. nov.) Vicinity of Woods Hole, on floating sargassum, taken during the summers of 1907 and 1908. “Obelia polygena Verrill” (said to be equivalent to Eucope polygena A. Agassiz) and “ Obelia divaricata Verrill” ( =Laomedea divaricata McCrady) are likewise listed by Verrill and Smith (1873, p. 727), the former species being recorded as taken “off Gay Head, 4 to 5 fath- oms, not common,” the latter “found on float- ing algae in Vineyard Sound.” The identity of the species here referred to is not certain. Obelia sp. undet. Unidentified specimens belonging to this genus, but probably referable to one or more of the above species, are recorded for Fish Hawk sta- tion 7676 and Blue Wing stations 21 and 23. Gonothyrcea loveni Allman. Nutting, 1901, p. 352; Hargitt, 1901a, p. 386. Woods Hole, “on fucus and other algae, rocks, etc.;” taken off Nantucket in June, 1906, by Mr. Edwards. — Hargitt. Family Lafceid^E. Lafoca dnmosa Fleming. Nutting, 1901, p. 355. Nantucket Shoals, growing on other hydroids. — Verrill, cited by Nutting. Lafeea gracilKma (Alder). Nutting, 1901, p. 356; Hargitt, 1908, p. 113. “Although not specifically reported from the Woods Hole region, it doubtless occurs there, as its distribution is much like that of L. dumosa.” — Nutting. Prof. Hargitt found specimens which he thinks were probably referable to this species upon a shell dredged off Sankaty Light at a depth of 25 fathoms. Ilcbella pygmcea Hincks. Nutting, 1901, p. 353. “Found on a polyzoon off Nantucket; Sankaty Light, east by south; depth, 24 fathoms (Vinal Edwards).” Hcbclla sp. undet. A minute species taken at Crab Ledge. — Hargitt. Family PIydroceratinid/E. Keratosum complexum Hargitt. Hargitt, 1909, p. 379 (sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1911, p. 187. Crab Ledge, summers of 1903 and 1909. Super- ficially, this species bears considerable resem- blance to a branching sponge, and was at first regarded as such. All of the specimens which have been examined by Dr. Hargitt appear to be in a state of degeneration, perhaps of aestivation, “no hydranths or similar organs being distinguishable.” BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 571 Family Campanueinid^e. Lovenella grandis Nutting. Nutting, 1901, p. 354 (n. sp.); Hargitt, 1908, p. 112. Newport Harbor, off Castle Hill. — Nutting. Kopeecon Point, at Phalarope station 66.* — Survey. Opercularella pumila Clarke. Hargitt, 1909, p. 375. A few specimens were dredged by the Survey in Vineyard Sound, off Naushon, in March, 1908, which Dr. Hargitt regards as identical with Clarke’s species above named. This is the first record of occurrence since the original description. Calycella syringa (Linnaeus). Nutting, 1901, p. 355; Hargitt, 1909, p. 376. Found abundantly in the Woods Hole region, “growing over all sorts of plant-like marine organisms, especially other hydroids.” — Nut- ting. Seasonally abundant, according to Hargitt. “Rather uncommon during the mid- summer season,’’ and then apparently not reproducing sexually. In early spring, “it seems much more abundant and immense col- onies with prolific crops of gonangia are not rare.’’ Crab Ledge and off Sankaty Head. — Plargitt. Tarpaulin Cove, March, 1908. (Dredged by Sumner, identified by Hargitt.) Calycella nuttingi Hargitt. Hargitt, 1909, p. 378 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole; fishing grounds off Sankaty. A very minute species, found first upon Bugula turrita, and in general “found only associated with other hydroids, or similar organisms, e. g., Bryozoa.” Family AJquoreid^E. tStomobrachium tentaculatum Agassiz. Hargitt, 1904, p. 51; Mayer, 1910, p. 322. “I have occasionally taken at Woods Hole what may have been fragments of . . . this me- dusa. ’ ’ — Hargitt. Rhegmatodes tenuis Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 361; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 95; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729, 454; Nutting, 1901, p. 383; Hargitt, 1902a, p. 553; 1904, p. 52; 1908, p. 112; Mayer, 1910, p. 332 ( dEquorea tenuis). Recorded for local waters by a number of writers. The species is one of decidedly variable fre- quency, “occurring at very irregular periods, Rhegmatodes tenuis — Continued . and a very erratic manner.’’ At times it is abundant, while a number of years may elapse without its being observed at all. (See par- ticularly Hargitt, 1908.) Ova shed early in morning, August 15, 1893. — J. P. McMurrich, in Marine Biological labora- tory card catalogue. /. Equorea albida Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 359; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. no; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729, 454; Nutting, 1901, p. 382; Hargitt, 1901b, p. 592; 1904, p, 52; Mayer, 1910, p. 331. Recorded for local waters by A. Agassiz and by Hargitt. According to the latter author, this medusa is “not uncommon . . . during late summer and autumn.” Zygodactyla grcenlandica (Peron & Lesueur). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 103; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729, 449, etc.; Fewkes, 1881, p. 156; Nut- ting, 1901, p. 382; Hargitt, 1904, p. 52; Mayer, W1®. p 335. Recorded for local waters by various observers, who report its occurrence from June to Sep- tember. Verrill refers to this species as com- mon, Hargitt as occasional. Family HalEciid^E. Halecium halecinum (Linn feus). [Chart 21.] Nutting, 1901, p. 357. “Abundant throughout the Woods Hole region, growing on shells, stones, etc., in shallow water.” — Nutting. Dredged by the survey with considerable frequency throughout the length of Vineyard Sound, and at scattered stations throughout Buzzards Bay; occurring in 3 to 16 fathoms, on quite various bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis*, 7541 bis*, 7551 (many, branches)f, 7554 bis, 7563 bis*, 7569 bis*, 7576 (on Area pexata shell) f*, 7592 (large tuft on Mytilus shell)f, 7610*, 7612 (?)*, 7613*, 7625 (?)*, 7636*, 7676*, 7678*, 7679*, 7680 (mature female)*, 7681 (male)*, 7682*, 7687 (fragment)*, 7697*, 7698*, 7699*, 7700*, 7701*, 7706*, 7708*, 7717*, 7720*, 7724*, 7727*, 7228*, 7730*, 7731 (poor specimen)*, 7734 (fragments)*, 7735*. 7736*, 7737 (?)*. 7738 (?)*> 774i (?)*, 7751*- 7752*> 7766*, 7777*. 778o*> 7782* Sup- plementary stations* (1906): 7723; (1907): 7526, 7549, 7592, 7776, 7780; (1909): 7618 (? dead stems), 7638 (living), 7659 (attached), 7660 (fragments), 7672 (living, with gonads). Phalarope stations*: 15,68, 81, 82, 113, 114, 115, 118, 150 (common), 162, 166, 167 (on Spisula shell). 572 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Halecium articulosum Clarke. Nutting, 1901, p. 357 (not recorded for the region as here defined); Hargitt, 1908, p. 106. Off Gay Head, July 15, 1907, on carapace of a small spider crab. — Hargitt. Halecium tenellum Hincks. Nutting, 1901, p. 357. Woods Hole. — Nutting. Crab Ledge, 1908. — Hargitt. Halecium beani (Johnston). Nutting, 1901, p. 358. “Found growing on bivalve shells at Woods Hole.” Halecium gracile Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729,328, etc. (sp. nov.); Nutting, 1901, p. 338. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Said to be “frequently found growing in pro- fusion on the under side of stones, in tide pools, and attached to oysters, dead shells, etc., in shallow waters, both in the sounds and estua- ries. ’ ’ Also said to occur on piles and floating timbers. Halecium sp. undet. Fish Hawk stations: 7615, 7675, 7771, 7778, 7781. (Specimens too poor to be determined specifi- cally.) Family SbrturariidaJ. Sertularia pumila Linnseus. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 141 ( Dynamena pumila), Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 732, 327, etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 359; 1904, p. 51. Nantucket. — L. Agassiz. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Generally distributed in the shallow waters of the region, occurring on Fucus and other seaweeds and on piles. Dredged by the Survey, on a few occasions, in Vineyard Sound, at depths of 4 to 12 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7535 bis*, 7750*, 7767*, 7771*. Supplementary stations: 7551 (1907), 7763 (1907). Phalarope station 63*. Sertularia versluysi Nutting. Nutting, 1904, p. 53; Hargitt, 1908, p. 112. Prof. Nutting records this species as occurring upon gulf weed, but not specifically for this locality. Prof. Hargitt has found it on some floating sargassum, collected by Mr. Edwards in Vineyard Sound, August 30, 1906. Sertularia gracilis Hincks. Verrill, 1875, p. 43; Nutting, 1904, p. 57. Taken on sargassum at Hyannis. — Verrill. A specimen in the National Museum from Nau- shon . — N utting . Sertularia cornicina (McCrady). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 733, 408, etc.; Nut- ting, 1901, p. 359 ( Sertularia cornicina)', p. 360 (S. complexa)', 1904, p. 58. “Not uncommon in Vineyard Sound, 1 to 8 fathoms, often on Halecium gracile; also on floating Zostera, etc., and covered with Lafoea calcarata.” — Verrill. “Found . . . growing in great quantities over seaweed dredged from the bottom near Nobska Point.” — Nutting. Not to be distinguished from A. complexa Clarke . — Nutting. Thuiaria thuja (Linnseus). Nutting, 1901, p. 364; 1904, p. 62. Off Nantucket. (Collected by V. N. Edwards; identified by Nutting). Thuiaria argenta (Ellis & Solander). [Chart 22.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 732, 408, etc. (Ser- tularia argentea)', Bumpus, 1898, p.489 ( Sertu- laria argentea ); G. M. Gray, in “Biological Notes, No. 1,” 1900 (Sertularia argentea)'. Nut- ting, 1901, p. 363; 1904, p. 71; Sumner, 1910, fig. 9. Abundant in Vineyard Sound, particularly in the eastern half; in Buzzards Bay, scarce and chiefly restricted to the lower half ; dredged in 1 to 20 fathoms, predominantly on gravelly or stony bottoms devoid of mud. — Survey. Col- lected on piles at Vineyard Haven.* Fish Hawk stations: 7521*, 7521 bis (many), 7522 bis (many clusters), 7323 (many)*, 7523 bis*, 7524 (small branch)*, 7524 bis (many clusters), 7523 bis (abundant on stones)*, 7327 (1 branch))', 7530 bis*, 7533 bis (many on stones), 7334 (many stems on stones), 7534 bis (very abundant), 7535 bis*, 7539 bis*, 7541 (numerous), 7543 (on stones)*, 7545 bis*, 7547 (few stems on Spisula shells)f, 7549*, 7550*, 7558(on Venus shells)*, 7562, 7363, 7372, 7608*, 7615*, 7663*, 7682, 7689 (fragments), 7722 (frag- ments), 7724, 7725*, 7732, 7733, 7734, 7737, 7738. 7739- 774U 7744*. 7747*. 7752*. 7753*. 7755*. 7756 (fragments)*, 7763*, 7766*, 7767* 7768*, 7769*, 7770*, 7772*, 7773*, 7773*. Supplementary stations (1906): 7522, 7752, (1907):* 7521, 7338, 7549, 7551, 7581, 7763, 7766, 7770.7775. 7776,7780,7783; (1909): 7633 (frag- ments), 7637 (dead stems), 7660 (fragments), 7668 (fragments), 7672 (fragments). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations*: 1 (few), 2, 4, 13. 5U 83, Io8, 114, ii5- Apparently for the most part empty perisarcs are to be found during the summer months. Mr. Gray states that living specimens are taken from early winter till April, and that ripe gonophores are present in March and April. Bumpus likewise records the taking of these ! hydroids, “laden with eggs,” in March. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 573 Thuiaria cupressina (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 732, 408, etc. ( Sertu - laria cupressina)', Nutting, 1901, p. 364; 1904, p. 72. “Vineyard Sound, not common. — Verrill. “E. by S. Sankaty Light, 25 fathoms.” — Nutting. Vineyard Sound(?); Buzzards Bay(?); Crab Ledge( ?). — Survey. Owing to differences of opinion between our authorities as to the identity of specimens submitted to them, the Survey records for this species must be entered as doubtful. Speci- mens from the following stations were identi- fied by Prof. Nutting as Thuiaria cupressina: 7537, 7581, 7603, 7605, 7607. The same speci- mens, from the first, third, and fourth of the foregoing stations, were assigned by Prof. Har- gitt to T. argentea, while the latter writer doubtfully agrees with Prof. Nutting in the case of the specimen from 7581, and likewise identifies as T. cupressina a specimen from station 7612. Pasythea nodosa Hargitt. Hargitt, 1908, p. 114 (sp. nov.). Taken from gulfweed collected in local waters. Sertularella gayi (Lamouroux). Nutting, 1901, p. 363; 1904, p. 78. “E. by S., Sankaty Light, Nantucket, 25 fathoms.” — Nutting. Crab Ledge at Fish Hawk station 7609!. Sertularella polyzonias (Linnaeus). Nutting, 1901, p. 362; 1904, p. 90. Not recorded by Nutting for the region as here defined. Dr. Hargitt thus identifies a speci- men taken by Mr. Edwards off Nantucket. Sertularella tricuspidata (Alder). Nutting, 1901, p. 362; 1904, p. 100. “E. by S., Sankaty Light, 25 fathoms.” — Nut- ting. Crab Ledge, in 16 to 19 fathoms, gravel and stones. — .Survey. Off Nantucket, June, 1906. (Collected by Edwards, identified by Hargitt.) Fish Hawk stations: 7604!, 76o6f, 76071. Diphasia fallax (Johnston). Nutting, 1901, p. 361; 1904, p. 109. “E. by S., Sankaty, Nantucket, 23 fathoms, V. N. E.” — Nutting. Abietinaria abietina (Linnaeus). Nutting, 1901, p. 362 ( Sertularella abietina), 1904, p. 114. “E. by S. Sankaty Light, 20 fathoms.” — Nut- ting. Off Nantucket, June, 1906. (Collected by Edwards, identified by Hargitt.) Hydrallmania falcata (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 733, 408, etc., Nut- ting, 1901, p. 364: 1904, p. 124. “Vineyard Sound, and off Gay Head, 6 to 20 fathoms.” — Verrill. “Common inrather deep water throughout the Woods Hole region.” — Nutting. Western part of Vineyard Sound, in 7 to 13 fathoms, on sandy bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7679, 7703, 7706, 7709, 7717, 7724, 7736. Family Plumulariid^B. Antennularia antennina (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 730, 497, etc., Nut- ting, 1900, p. 69; 1901, p. 367. “Off Gay Head, 8 fathoms.” — Verrill. "Off Gay Head, 18^2 fathoms. Newport Harbor; Woods Hole (George Gray).” — Nutting. ? Antennularia americana Nutting. Nutting, 1900, p. 69; 1901, p. 368. “Off Marthas Vineyard, Albatross. Waters of Rhode Island.” — -Nutting. These records doubtfully warrant the inclusion of this species in the present list. Monostcechas quadridens (McCrady). Nutting, 1900, p. 75; 1901, p. 365; Hargitt, 1901a, P- 394- “Dredged by the Albatross near Marthas Vine- yard. Depth 22 fathoms.” — Nutting. Schizotricha tenella (Verrill). [Chart 23.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 73x> 4°7 ( Plumularia tenella, sp. nov.); Nutting, 1900, p. 80; 1901, p. 365; Hargitt, 1901a, p. 394. “Off Gay Plead, 8to iofathoms, among ascidians; Vineyard Sound, 8 fathoms.” — Verrill. “ Found abundantly on the piles of the wharves at Woods Hole and Vineyard Haven.” — Nutting. Eastern third of Vineyard Sound, 8 to 13 fathoms, gravelly bottom; Buzzards Bay, at two stations, one of these being at the head: in both cases fragments. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7526 (small piece, associ- ated with Pennaria)\, 7538 bis*, 7742*, 7745*, 7748*, 7754*, 7755* 7763*; also at a 1907 repe- tition of station 7538*, and at 1909 repetitions of stations 7634 and 7660. Aglaophenia minuta Fewkes. Nutting, 1900, p. 96 (not listed for this region); Hargitt, 1908, p. 109. From floating sargassum in Vineyard Sound, August 30, 1906, again in 1908. — Hargitt. 574 bulletin oe the bureau of fisheries. ? Aglaophenia struthionoides (Murray). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 730 ( Aglaophenia arborea); Nutting, 1900, p. 102. “Shoals of Nantucket, 10 miles east of Sancati Head, 14 fathoms.” — Desor, cited by Verrill. Prof. Verrill now thinks that this species was recorded through an error, probably caused by mixing labels, as the species has not been taken otherwise except on the Pacific coast (see Nutting, 1900). Family PETASID.E. Gonionemus murbachii Perkins. Murbach, 1895 ( Gonionemus sp.); Thompson, 1898 ( Gonionemus ); Nutting, 1901, p. 382 ( Gonionemus vertens)', Mayer, 1901, p. 5 ( Gonionemus murbachii, nom. nov.)“, Perkins, 1902 ( Gonionema murbachii)', Hargitt, 1904, p. 53; Mayer, 1910, p.343,497. Abundant at Woods Hole, particularly in the Eel Pond. Recorded also from Vineyard Sound and Hadley Harbor, by Murbach ; from Vineyard Haven, by Hargitt, and from Muske- get Island, by R. L. Baird. Perkins calls attention to the fact that this now abundant species was first taken in 1894. Its more familiar habitat is among eelgrass, to which it clings by its tentacles. Sexual season from July to October. — Murbach. Period of maximum sexual activity from the middle of July to the middle of August; eggs extruded at dusk.— Perkins. It has been shown by Perkins that an inconspicuous hydroid phase occurs in the life history of this species, during which asexual multiplication by budding occurs. Locally this medusa has been an important object of experimental research. It survives transportation, and Dr. Perkins has kept specimens alive for six months in aquarium jars. Family TrachynEmidaE. Rhopalonema typicum (Maas). Hargitt, 1904, p. 54; Mayer, 1910, p. 378 ( Rho- palonema velatum). “Fragments taken in the tow in Vineyard Sound. ’ ’ — Hargitt. Family Ageaurid.e. Aglantha digitalis (Muller). Verrill and Smith, 873, p. 725, 454 ( Trachynema digitate)', Fewkes, 1881, p. 160 ( Trachynema a The species was only named in this paper, in a footnote. real description to Perkins. Aglantha digitalis — Continued. digitate)', Nutting, 1901, p. 381 ( Trachynema digitate)', Hargitt, 1902a, p. 553 ( Trachynema digitate)', Hargitt, 1904, p. 55 ( Aglantha digi- talis)', Mayer, 1910, p. 402 ( Aglantha digitate). “Woods Plole, July 1, young specimens.” — Verrill. Woods Hole, March to May. — C. W. Hargitt. Mr. G. T. Hargitt found sexually mature specimens in abundance, from April S to 11, 1908. Aglantha conica Hargitt. Hargitt, 1902, p. 21 (sp. nov.); 1904, p. 56; 1908, p. hi. Off Nantucket and off Chatham, in August, 1902; Woods Hole, April 25 to 30, 1906; taken towing in 12 to 20 fathoms, likewise at sur- face.— Hargitt. Family GeryonidzE. Liriope scutigera McCrady. Fewkes, 1881, p. 162; Hargitt,- 1904, p. 56; Mayer, 1910, p. 421. Newport. — Fewkes. Glossocodon tenuirostris (Agassiz). Mayer, 1900, p. 165; Hargitt, 1904, p. 57; Mayer, 1910, p. 421 {Liriope scutigera). Occasional at Newport. — Mayer. Family Cunanthid.-E. Cunina discoides Fewkes. Fewkes, 1881, p. 161; Hargitt, 1904, p. 57. Occasional at Newport. — Fewkes. Family Porpitid/S. Porpita linnceana Lesson. Fewkes, 1880, p. 140, Hargitt, 1904, p. 59. “Occasionally taken at Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound, Newport, R. I., etc.” — Hargitt. Fewkes notes having received “a dried specimen [of ‘Porpita’] preserved on paper after the manner of a plant, taken by a sailor not far from Nantucket. ” Family VelEllida;. Velella mutica Bose. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 737, 453; Hargitt, 1904, p. 59. “Coming northward in the Gulf Stream as far as Nantucket,” recorded for August. — Verrill. “Occasionally taken in Vineyard Sound, Buz- zards Bay, and off Newport.” — Hargitt. No description was given. Mayer (.1910) now credits the first BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 575 Family Monophyid^e. Sphceronectes gracilis (Claus). Fewkes, 1881, p. 143; Hargitt, 1904, p. 61. Newport. — Fewkes. Family Diphyid^E. Dipkyes bipartita Costa. Hargitt, 1904, p. 59. Often taken at Newport.— Mayer. “Not infre- quently drifts into the bays of the region from the Gulf Stream.” — Hargitt. Diphyopsis campanulifera Eschscholtz. Hargitt, 1904, p. 60. “ Frequently taken in the deeper tows, particu- larly south of Marthas Vineyard and in the region of Nantucket.” Family Agalmid^. Cupulita cara Agassiz). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 200 ( Nanomia cara)\ Fewkes, 1881, p. 163 ( Agalma elegans )• Hargitt, 1904, p. 60. Newport. — A. Agassiz. Family Antiiopiiysid.e. ? Anthophysa f ormosa (Fewkes). Hargitt, 1904, p. 60. A single specimen taken “south of Marthas Vine- yard” in the summer of 1902 (beyond limits of region?). Family Physalid^. Pkysalia pelagica Bose. — Portuguese man-of-war. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 214 (Physalia arethusa)\ Ver- rilland Smith, 1873, p. 737,450; Hargitt, 1904, p. 25, 61. Taken nearly every summer in Vineyard Sound, sometimes in considerable numbers, occasion- ally drifting into Woods Hole Harbor. On July 7, 1904, Mr. John J. Veeder collected 78 specimens in the Soimd. During some sum- mers, on the contrary, none are observed. It is probable that the abundance of this species varies directly with the quantity of material which is blown to our shores from the Gulf Stream. Physalia has been observed locally in July, August, and September. Class SCYPHOZOA. Family CharybdEiixE. Charybdea verrucosa Hargitt. Hargitt, 1902 a, p. 559, 560 (sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1904, p. 65. Great Harbor, Woods Hole; North Falmouth; several specimens, August 13 and 14, 1901. Family Ephyrid,®. f Bathyluca Solaris Mayer.® Mayer, 1900, p. 2 (sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1904, p. 66. Narragansett Bay; a single specimen found July 27, 1896. Latter “ much torn and battered . . . may prove to be a deep-sea form.” — Mayer. Family Ulmarid/E. Aurelia flavidula Peron & Lesueur. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 723, 449, etc.; Fewkes, 1881, p. 172; Bumpus, 1898, p. 487; Hargitt, 1904, p. 67; Mayer, 1910, p. 623 ( Au - rellia aurita). Common throughout local waters during spring and summer. Young stages recorded by sev- eral observers as early as March; adults found as late as September. According to Mr. Edwards, Aurelia appears in the tow most fre- quently in May. Dr. Hargitt thinks it likely Dactylometr a quinquecirra. 16269° Aurelia flavidula— Continued. that sexual reproduction occurs in summer, the resulting scyphistoma larvae remaining in that condition till the following spring, when ephyrae are produced. Family Cyaneid/E. Cyanea arctica Peron & Lesueur. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 44 ( Cyanea arctica), p. 46 (Cyanea fulva)- Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 723, 449, etc.; Fewkes, 1881, p. 166; Bumpus, 1898, p. 487; 1898a; Mead, 1898, p. 705; Hargitt, 1904, p. 68; Mayer, 1910, p. 597 (Cyanea capil- lata, var. arctica). Very common throughout the region during the spring and summer. Both Mr. Edwards and Mr. Gray report the occurrence of this species from March till September. About a dozen specimens, several inches in diameter, were taken in a fyke net by Mr. Edwards, February 28, 1908. Ripe eggs reported by Bumpus in May and early June, by Hargitt in July. The early stages may readily be reared in aquaria. Verrill and Mead note the occurrence of ephyrae in April. 0 Mayer (1910, p. 585) now thinks that the type of this species (?) was probably a “ damaged and regenerating specimen ” of uecirra. Bull. 31, pt 2—13 3 576 bulletin oe the bureau of fisheries. Family Pelagiid^E. Dactylometra quinquecirra (Desor). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 48; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 724, 449, etc.; Fewkes, 1881, p. 173; 1882, p. 293; Hargitt, 1904, p. 69; Mayer, 1910, p. 58S- Common in local waters throughout the summer. Reported as early as May (Edwards), as late as October (Gray). Pelagia cyanella Peron & Lesueur. Hargitt, 1904, p. 70; Mayer, 1910, p. 574- “ Southward from Marthas Vineyard in the region of the Gulf Stream;” 2 specimens. Dr. Har- gitt believes this species should be retained in the local list. Class ACT1NOZOA. Family Alcyoniid^. Alcyonium carneum Agassiz. [Chart 24.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 737, 497, etc.; Sum- ner, 1910, fig. 14. “Off Cuttyhunk Island, 10 to 15 fathoms; off Gay Head, 8to iofathoms.” — Verrill. Western end of Vineyard Sound and mouth of Buzzards Bay; Crab Ledge; dredged in 7 to 19 fathoms, most commonly on gravelly or stony bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7572 (many pieces), 7582 (1 piece), 7587 (few small pieces), 7588 (2 small pieces), 7595 (few pieces), 7603 (few small pieces)t, 7605 (1 small piece), 7606 (1 piece)!, 7670 (1 clump), 7689 (few pieces), 7690, 7704 (1 large clump), 7718 (1 clump), 7719 (1 clump), 7721 (considerable quantities). Supplement- ary station (1909): 7670. Phalarope stations: 36 (few pieces), 60 (several). Family GoRGONiiDiE. ? Pterogorgia gracilis Verrill. A fragment of a gorgonid believed at the time to have been taken in Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7568 has been assigned to this species by Prof. Nutting. It seems very prob- able that the specimen came from waters far beyond the limits of the region, having, per- haps, become entangled in the meshes of the dredge net during some earlier collecting trip. Family CerianthidaJ. Cerianthus americanus Verrill. Mr. G. M. Gray reports the rare occurrence of a Cerianthus in the Eel Pond, just inside the outlet; also just outside the latter; once at Ram Island. Dr. Hargitt, who has examined specimens taken locally, informs us that they are to be assigned to the species here named. Family Zoanthid^E. Epizoantkus americanus Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 740, 510. Deeper waters off shore. Dredged by the Fish Hawk south of Marthas Vineyard in 28 and 29 fathoms. Not taken in the Sound or Bay, and not strictly to be included in tire fauna of this region. Commonly found upon the shells of hermit crabs, though Verrill records its occur- rence on rocks. Family Edwardsiidaj. Edwardsia elegans Verrill. West Falmouth. — Hargitt. Ram Island. — Gray. According to Mr. Gray, this anemone is fairly common in suitable localities, living in the sand at the roots of eelgrass, where it may be taken by digging. Edwardsia farinacea Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 739, 451. “On the soft muddy bottom off Gay Head, in 19 fathoms, ” one specimen. Edwardsia leidyi Verrill. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 23 (here mentioned as an unknown “worm”); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 457 (citing Agassiz) Verrill, 1898 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole and adjacenf waters, of very varia- ble abundance. The young is parasitic in the ctenophbre, Mnemiopsis leidyi; it is believed by Verrill and others that the animal becomes free living in later life, but its history is not known at present. On November 13, 1907, the ctenophores, with their contained parasites, were so numerous in Buzzards Bay that the latter organisms were at times very conspicuous as one looked down from the deck of the Phalarope. — Sumner. On the other hand, the Edwardsia is not always com- mon when Mnemiopsis is present in abundance. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 577 Edwardsia lineata Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 739, 497, etc. (sp. nov.). “Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head, 6 to 12 fathoms, among ascidians, annelid tubes, etc., abundant.” — Verrill. This species at present is certainly not generally distributed nor very common in local waters. It has not been re- corded from the survey dredgings. Family IeyanthidaL Eloactis producta (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 738, 330, etc. {Halo- cam pa producta). Naushon; Marthas Vineyard; Nantucket. — Ver- rill. Katama Bay (“North Pond”), abundant August 14, 1906. — Osburn. West Falmouth, North Falmouth, Hadley Harbor, Kettle Cove. — G. M. Gray. Muskeget Island. This is a burrowing species, which conceals itself in gravel or sand, only the distal end pro- truding from the surface. Family AnthEidas. Anemonia sargassensis Hargitt. Hargitt, 1908, p. 117 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound on floating sargassum. Re- corded on October 15 and 16, 1905, and August 30, 1906. From its abundance on some of these dates, it seems likely that the species may have been present on many others. Family Sagartiidaj. Cylista leucolena (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 738, 329, etc. ( Sa - gartia leucolena). Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Vineyard Haven at New York Yacht Club pier; Nobska Point,* on rocks, below low water. A common species, having a littoral habitat. Sagartia lucice Verrill. Verrill, 1898, p. 493 (sp. nov.); Parker, 1902, p. 491. This species is now the most abundant actinian of the region and is of general occurrence lit- torally, growing on stones, living mussels, rock-weed, etc., often in great profusion. It is, however, a very recent immigrant, having been first observed at Woods Hole by W. R. Coe in 1898. 5. lucice was noticed for the Sagartia lucice — Continued. first time by Prof. Verrill at New Havtn in 1892, and is believed by him to have been introduced into that region upon oysters, which are annually brought from the South and planted in Long Island Sound. According to Parker, the species migrated eastward from New Haven and northward to Salem, Mass.,, within a period of 10 years. Sagartia modes ta Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 738, 330, etc. “Naushon Island; low water, buried in sand or gravel.” — Verrill. Local bathing beach, on Buzzards Bay, between tides or at low water.— Hargitt. An uncommon species locally. Metridium dianthus (Ellis). [Chart 25.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 7 38, 329 (M. mar- ginatum); Mead, 1898, p. 705 (M. marginatum). As a littoral species, common and widely dis- tributed in local waters, occurring on stones, piles, etc., at or below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations throughout the length of Vineyard Sound; sev- eral stations at Crab Ledge; none in Buzzards Bay; 4 to 25 fathoms, on mud-free bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (1), 7526 (1), 7532 (i)> 7544 (1). 755s (1), 756° (2 large), 7565 (1), 7572 (2). 7588 (2)> 7595 (1). 7 6°3 (several small), 7605 (3 large), 7606, 7608 (6 large), 7609 (r small), 7693 (3), 7721 (very many), 7725, 7742 (0. 7743 O)- Phalarope station: 77 (1). The reproductive period of this anemone appears to occur during the summer. Dr. Mead notes that Metridium “was found to be full of eggs, apparently nearly mature,” on April 18 (1898), while Dr. F. R. Lillie (Marine Biological Lab- oratory card catalogue) records the presence of ova and sperm on June 20 (1889). Family Teauid^. Tealia crassicornis (Muller). Crab Ledge. — Hargitt. Vineyard Sound?— Sumner. A specimen, believed to be of this species, from the last-mentioned place, was taken in the vicinity of Gay Head by the Fish Hawk in August, 1907. Unfortunately it was devoured by hermit crabs before it could be carefully examined. 578 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family AsTR^imE. * Asirangia dance Agassiz. [Chart 26.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 740, 330, etc. Abundant and generally distributed throughout the greater part of Vineyard Sound and Buz- zards Bay, though scarce or lacking over a considerable area at the outer end of the Sound ; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on all sorts of bot- toms.— Survey. Likewise frequent on piles of Bureau of Fisheries pier in Woods Hole Harbor, and doubtless in similar places else- where. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (many living), 7522 bis (many living and dead), 7523 (few), 7323 bis (many living), 7527 (few), 7330 bis (few living colonies), 7331 bis (1 living colony), 7532 (several), 7533 (few), 7534 (few), 7534 bis (few living), 7335 (few), 7535 bis (few living), 7537 (many), 7538, 7538 bis (several living colonies), 7539 (numerous), 7539 bis (1 small colony), 7543 (1 dead piece), 7344 (few dead), 7545 (many), 7545 bis (several), 7546 (few living), 7346 bis (several dead colonies), 7347 (few), 7547 bis (few dead colonies), 7349 (many), 7549 bis (several living colonies), 7350 (few dead), 7551 (few dead), 7554 (several dead pieces), 7556 bis (2 dead colonies), 7561 (1 dead colony), 7563 (few dead), 7563 bis (1 small living col- ony), 7567 (1 dead piece), 7372 (many living), 7574 (1 dead piece), 7587 (1 dead piece), 7595 (1 living), 7612 (1 living colony), 7613 (several living colonies), 7614 (2 dead colonies), 7615 (several small dead pieces), 7619 (1 small dead colony), 7620 (pieces on Ciiona ), 7621 (few small dead colonies), 7624 (few small dead col- onies), 7626 (several colonies), 7627 (1 dead colony), 7628 (few small pieces), 7630 (few small dead colonies), 7631 (small dead pieces), 7632 (few clumps), 7639 (1 living colony, few dead), 7640 (1 small dead colony), 7643 (2 small dead colonies), 7644 (few dead colonies), 7645 (1 small dead colony), 7648 (few small dead colonies), 7655 (very little), 7659 (2 small dead colonies), 7660 (numerous colonies, dead and living), 7665 (1 small dead piece), 7666 (few dead pieces), 7670 (few small colonies, living and dead), 7671 (few dead colonies), 7672 (1 small living mass), 7673 (considerable living), 7689 (r small living piece), 7694 (1 small dead piece), 7703 (1 small dead colony), 7732 (much, living and dead), 7734 (1 small a This species is figured by Vaughan (Bull. Astrangia dance — Continued. dead colony), 7737 (several living colonies), 7738 (several small living colonies), 7746 (1 living colony), 7747 (little), 7748 (1 living colony), 7753 (several colonies, living and dead), 7754 (little living), 7753 (few small liv- ing), 7756 (many living colonies), 7764 (1 dead colony), 7767 (very little, dead), 7768 (1 small living colony), 7769 (little dead), 7770 (many small living colonies), 7771 (1 dead colony), 7772 (1 dead colony), 7773 (several living colo- nies), 7774 (few colonies), 7775 (many small living colonies) 7776 (few small dead colonies), 7777 (little), 7778 (few small living colonies), 7780 (little), 7781 (1 dead colony and 1 small living), 7783 (very little living). Supplemen- tary stations (1909): 7624 (several living colo- nies), 7629 (1 dead), 7648 (several living colo- nies), 7657 (2 small living), 7659 (several living colonies), 7660 (several living and dead), 7668 (1 dead colony), 7670 (several living), 7672 (1 dead colony). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (few liv- ing), 3 (several dead), 5 (many living and dead), 6 (many living and dead), 7 (many liv- ing on shells), 9 (living), 10 (pieces), n (com- mon), 12 (few), 13 (considerable quantity), 14 (few), 15 (common), 16 (2 pieces), 20 (few), 21 (few), 22 (few), 24(few), 25 (few), 27 (few dead), 28 (few), 35 (1 dead colony), 36 (few living), 39 (1 dead piece), 65 (2 dead), 66 (1 dead), 69 (1 small mass), 80, 81 (1 living, pieces), 83 (several small), 84, 85 (living), 86, 87, 91, 92, 96, 108, no, 113, 114 (few), 1x7 (dead and 1 living), 120 (dead), 121 (dead), 127 (dead), 128 (living), 131, 132, 134 (few colonies), 138 (1 living col- ony), 140 (few), 141 (few living and dead), 144 (1 dead colony), 145 (few living), 148 (several living), 150 (many), 153 (1 dead colony), 165 (few dead), 166 (? small dead), 167 (1 living colony). Supplementary stations (1909): 83 (1 dead), 131 (1 living). Family Orbicellid/E. ? Orbicella acropora (Linnseus).a Four large water- worn pieces, which have been re- ferred to this species by Dr. Hargitt, were found along the beach north of Nobska Point, at con- siderable distances from one another. It is quite unlikely that this coral lives in these waters, but the record is worth entering. It may have been used as ballast by some vessel. . U. S. Fish Commission for 1900, pi. vi-vn). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 579 Class CTENOPHORA. Family Mertensiida3. Mertensia ovum (Fabricius). Hargitt, 1904, p. 71. “Only rarely taken at Woods Hole.” Family Pi,eurobrachiid,e. Pleurobrachia pileus (Fabricius). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 722, 444, etc. (Pleu- robrachia rhododactyla); Bumpus, 1898; Hargitt, 1904, p. 71. Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole Harbor, etc.; sometimes abundant. This species has been reported by various local observers for every month in the year. According to Mr. Ed- wards’s towing records it has been taken most frequently in April. With eggs, May, 1890. — J. P. McMurrich, in Ma- rine Biological Labora ory card catalogue. Family Lesueuriidze. Lesueuria hyboplcra Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 23; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 722, 454; Hargitt, 1904, p. 72. Newport. — Agassiz. Woods Hole. — Hargitt. Recorded for September by Verrill, for Decem- ber and January (?) by Hargitt. Family Bolinidze. Bolina alaia Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 15 (no definife local records); Verrill, 1875, p. 42; Hargitt, 1904, p. 72. Newport. — Agassiz, cited by Verrill. “Seldom found at Woods Hole.” — Hargitt. Family MnemiidaJ. Mnemidpsis leidyi Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 20; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 722, 449; Fewkes, 1881, p. 173; 1882, p. 291; Bumpus, 1898; Hargitt, 1904, p. 72. Scarce to very abundant throughout the waters of the region. Recorded by various local ob- servers for every month of the year. Accord- ing to Mr. Edwards’s towing records Mnemiop- sis has been taken most frequently in Septem- ber and December. This ctenophore is of very irregular occurrence . During some summers it is enormously abundant everywhere in local waters, but in other summers (e. g., that of 1904) it may not be observed at all. Periods of extreme abundance may likewise occur in winter. (See note under Edwardsia leidyi, p. 576.) Family CESTimE. Cestus veneris Lesueur. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 723; Hargitt, 1904, p. 73- Fragments of a single specimen taken at New- port.— Hargitt, citing A. Agassiz. Family Beroid.e. Beroc ovata Bose. Hargitt, 1904, p. 73. “ Common at Woods Hole in 1901, though seldom taken in any considerable numbers.” Beroe cucumis Fabricius. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 723, 454, etc. ( Idyia roseola)-, Hargitt, 1904, p. 73. “Off Gay Head, not common”; taken in Sep- tember.— Verrill. Off Crab Ledge in 1902. — Hargitt. Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES. Class TURBELLARIA. Family Planocerid/E. Stylochus zebra Verrill. Verrill, 1892b, p. 463. Great Harbor; on piles, and on shore, at low-water mark; likewise dredged in 10 to 12 fathoms — Verrill. Tarpaulin Cove. — Curtis. This spe- cies sometimes lives commensally, within the shell occupied by a hermit crab. — Verrill, W. C. Curtis (MS.). Eustylochus ellipiicus (Girard). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 632, 325 ( Stylo - chopsis littoralis ); Verrill, 1892b, p. 463. Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound, Newport; common in shallow water and between tides, under stones and in tide pools, likewise on piles. — Verrill. Large clusters of eggs were found July 12. 580 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Planocera inquilina Wheeler. Wheeler, 1894a, p. 195-201 (sp. nov.); Verrill, 1893. P- 534- Wheeler writes: “ In all I have opened about 100 adult specimens of Sycotypus [ Busycon canali- culatum], and in the branchial chamber of nearly every individual from one to six of the Planocerae were found. ” Planocera nebulosa Girard. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 632, 325; Verrill, 1892b, p. 472. Woods Hole, in 1886, under stones near low- water mark; not common; most specimens immature. Sometimes found living in the burrows occupied by Cerebratulus lacteus. — Coe. Imogine oculifera Girard. Verrill 1892b, p. 475. Quisset Harbor, September 4, 1882, on sandy bottom in 4 or 5 fathoms of water. Family Leptoplanid^E. Leptoplana variabilis (Girard). Verrill, 1892b, p. 480. Vineyard Sound, off Cuttyhunk, on telegraph cable. Trigonoporus folium Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 632, 487 ( Leptoplana folium , sp. nov.); Verrill, 1892b, p. 487. Off Buzzards Bay, in 25 fathoms; off Gay Head, in 18 fathoms; outer rocky shores, creeping on the under surface of stones. Discocelis mutabilis Verrill. Verrill, 1892b, p. 493. Young specimens, believed to belong to this species, taken at Woods Hole in the tow net. Family Euryleptid-E. Eurylepta maculosa Verrill. Verrill, 1892b, p. 495 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, on piles, July 14, 1881; in mud, August 2, 1882; Naushon Id., at low-water mark, among algae, August 20, 1887. Family Prothiostomid^. Prothiostomum gracile Girard. Verrill, 1892b, p. 496. Woods Hole, July 25, 1886. Family Bdellourid^E. Ddelloura Candida Girard. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 634, 460; Verrill, 1892 b, p. 499; Wheeler, 1894. Very common on the gill plates and on the legs of Limulus polyphemus. Egg capsules often found in considerable num- bers on gills of host. Eggs laid throughout the summer and as late as October. — Verrill. Bdelloura propinqua Wheeler. Wheeler, 1894; Verrill, 1895, P- 534- Found on the basal portions of the gill lamellae of Limulus polyphemus. Eggs laid in elongated capsules, attached by stalks to the host. — W. C. Curtis, MS. Synccelidium pellucidum Wheeler. Wheeler, 1894, p. 167-194 (sp. nov.); Verrill, 1895. P- 534- Occurs on the gills of Limulus polyphemus. Elongated egg capsules are deposited during the summer upon the gill lamellae of the host, near their edge. — Wheeler, Curtis. Family Planariid^E. Procerodes warrenii (Girard). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 633 ( Fovia Warrenii and Planaria grisea)\ Verrill, 1892b, p. 504 ( Fovia affinis ); Wilhemi, 1908, p. 4. Specimens believed to be of this species found by Verrill at Woods Hole, among eelgrass. “Woods Hole and neighborhood . . . sum- mer, 1907.” — Wilhelmi. Procerodes whea^landi Girard. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 633; Verrill, 1892 b, p. 506 ( Procerodes ulvce); Wilhelmi, 1908, p. 3. Newport, Woods Hole; “found near low-wa4er mark under stones, and in tide pools, among algae.” — Verrill. Cuttyhunk, Newport, Buz- zards Bay. — Wilhelmi. Family Convolutid/E. Aphanostoma diversicolor Oersted. Verrill, 1892 b, p. 509; Graff, 1911, p. 326. Newport, July 29, 1880, among algae at low-water mark. — Verrill. Fairly common on Ulva in Eel Pond and Little Harbor. — Graff. Aphanostoma aurantiacum Verrill. Verrill, 1892b, p. 309 (sp. nov.). Newport, July 29, 1880, among algae at low-water mark (only provisionally referred to this genus). BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 58l Polychaerus caudatus Mark. Mark, 1892 p. 298; Verrill, 1892b, p. 511; Gar- diner, 1895, p. 155; Bumpus, 1898 b, p. 856: Graff, 1911, p. 326. Woods Hole Harbor, Hadley Harbor. — Mark. Newport, Woods Hole; found “especially in sheltered harbors, adhering to eelgrass ( Zos - tera ) and creeping over the vegetable debris, shells, etc., on the bottom in shallow water, where it is often extremely abundant.” — Verrill. “Northwest Gutter,” near Hadley Harbor.— Gardiner. On Ulva in Little Harbor Polychaerus caudatus — Continued. and eelgrass in front of Breakwater Hotel. — Graff. Mark records finding egg-capsules of this species on dead shells and stones in Woods Hole Harbor. J. P. McMurrich (in Marine Biologi- cal Laboratory card catalogue) notes their presencg on Pecten shells, July 15 (1890). E. G. Gardiner (cited by Bumpus) found the eggs from June 6 to August 25, and noted that “the eggs are deposited at night in transparent gelatinous capsules.” The paper of Graff (1911), recording a considerable number of turbellarians, many of them new to science, which were taken at Woods Hole and vicinity, appeared too late to allow of our including Graff’s list except as an appendix to our own. These added species are accordingly arranged serially, without relation to those previously listed. One of them, Graffilla gemellipara, had been described by Dr. Linton in 1910. Anaperus gardineri Graff. 1911, p. 327 (sp. nov.). In beds of Ulna and eel-grass, burrowing in the sand; taken with Polychaerus caudatus, but far less common. Childia spinosa Graff. 1911, p. 341 (sp. nov.). Juniper (Butlers) Point, in % to 1 fathom of water, on Laminaria; Little Harbor, at ebb tide, on Ulva; about a dozen specimens taken. t Stenostomum coluber Leydig. I9IX, P- 348. Doubtfully identified by Graff among material taken by Child and Wilhelmi from a brackish pond at Falmouth, under stones. Microstomum davenporti Graff. 1911, p. 349 (sp. nov.). Eel Pond and breakwater, on Ulva. Prorhynchus stagnalis Schultze. 1911, p. 351. Brackish ponds at Falmouth, under stones; a number taken by Graff. Graffilla gemellipara Linton. Linton, 1910, p. 371 (sp. nov.); Graff, 1911, p. 351; Patterson, 1912, p. 173. Discovered by Linton at Woods Hole, in the ribbed mussel Modiolus demissus, from the gills of which the parasites were washed. According to Linton, this species is especially numerous in mussels exposed to rather free tidal currents, being absent from those taken in confined coves. Patterson finds evidence that the parasite inhabits the kidneys of the host, rather than the gills. He has taken it in abundance during the latter part of June and the latter part of August, finding it to be rare in the intermediate period. Dalyellia dodgei Graff. I9II> P- 354 (sp- nov.). This and the two following species were taken by Graff in the brackish pond behind the Episco- pal Church at Falmouth. Dalyellia rossi Graff. I9II> P- 359 (SP. nov.). Dalyellia mohicana Graff. 1911, p. 362 (sp. nov.). Proxenete r modestus Graff. I9XI> P- 374 (sp- nov.). Eel Pond, 5 specimens found by Graff. Promesostoma marmoratum nudum Graff. I9II> P- 375 (var- nov.). Woods Hole, on Ulva, 3 specimens. Trigonostomum marki Graff. 1911, p. 380 (sp. nov.). Little Harbor, on Ulva; Red Ledge, among Zostera; several specimens. Woodsholia lilliei Graff . 1911, p. 381 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, very common, being taken in Eel Pond, Little Harbor, Grassy Island, and Red Ledge, on Zostera. Phonorhynchus helgolandicus (Meczn.). 1911, p. 385. Eel Pond, Grassy Island, Red Ledge, Juniper (Butlers) Point; one of the commonest species. Gyratrix hermaphroditus maculata Graff. 1911, p. 388 (var. nov.). Woods Hole, in salt marsh near Gardiner cottage. 582 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Plagiostomum stellatum Graff. igu, p. 393 (sp. nov.). Eel Pond, Red Ledge, and Grassy Island, fairly abundant on Zostera. Plagiostomum morgani Graff. 1911, p. 39s (sp. nov.). Found by Graff at Eel Pond and Juniper (But- lers Point.) Plagiostomum wilsoni Graff. 1911, p. 396 (sp. nov.). Grassy Island and Little Harbor, on Ulva; one of the commonest species. Plagiostomum whitmani Graff. 1911, p. 397 (sp. nov.). Little Harbor, on Ulva, 10 specimens. Monoophorum triste Graff. 1911, p. 401 (sp. nov.). Grassy Island and Juniper (Butlers) Point, 3 specimens. Monocelisfusca Oersted. 1911, p. 408. Eel Pond, especially under bridge. Alonocelis wilhelmii Graff. 1911, p. 410 (sp. nov.). Red Ledge, collected by Dr. Wilhelmi. Myrmeciplana elegans Graff. 1911, p. 410 (sp. nov.). Falmouth, in brackish water, collected by Dr. Wilhelmi. Class TREMATODA. Dactylocotyle denticulatum (Olsson). Linton, 1900, p. 286 (Octobothrium denticulatum); Linton, 1901, p. 414, 474. From gills of Pollackius virens (locality not stated). Dermocystis ctenolabri Stafford. Ryder, 1884, p. 37; Linton, 1900, p. 281, 296; 1901, p. 462, 463. (By both writers referred to as an unidentified trematode). Immature stages encysted in the skin of the cunner ( Tautogolabrus ads persus) and the tau- tog ( Tautoga onitis), often in such numbers as to give the fish a spotted appearance. Tire adult has been found in abundance by Dr. Linton in the intestine of a loon (Gavia immer) captured at Woods Hole in 1911. Diclidophora a finis Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 511 (Octo plenum affine, sp.nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 414, 482. From mouth of Paralichthys dentatus. Dionchus agassizi Goto. Goto, 1900, p. 286 (sp. nov.). From the gills of Remora brachyptera, Newport. Diplostomum sp. Linton, 1901, p. 415, 442. 471- Undetermined species, referable to this genus, found in liver of Fundulus heteroclitus (cysts), and in intestine of Prionotus carolinus. Distomum a p pendiculatum Rudolphi. Linton, 1900, p. 289; Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Achirus fasciatus (intestine), Anchovia brownii, Brevoortia tyrannus (intestine), Clu- panodon pseudohispanicus , Clupea harengus (intestine), Cynoscionregalis ( intestine), Decap- lerus macarellus (intestine), Microgadus tomcod (intestine), Myoxocephalus ceneus (intestine), Distomum ap pendiculatum — Continued. Paralichthys dentatus (intestine), Pomolobus mediocris (stomach and pylorus), Pomolobus pseudoharengus, Prionotus carolinus (intes- tine), P seudopleuronectes americanus (intes- tine), Scomber scombrus, Stenotomus chrysops, Trachurops crumenophthalmus, Urophycis chuss (intestine). Distomum areolatum Rudolphi. Linton, 1900, p. 293; Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Menticirrhus saxatilis, M or one americana (intestine), P seudopleuronectes americanus, Tautogolabrus adspersus (intestine). Common. Distomum bothryophoron Olsson. Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Clupea harengus, Pomolobus pseudoharen- gus. Distomum clavatum Rudolphi. Linton, 1898, p. 539; Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Thunnus thynnus, Slip bias gladius (stomach). Distomum contortum Rudolphi. Linton, 1898, p. 528; Linton, 1901, p. 415, 466. From intestine of Mo la mo la. Distomum dentatum Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 294 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, 483- From intestine of Paralichthys dentatus (few). Distomum f enestratum Linton. From Brevoortia tyrannus. Distomum f oecundum Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 289 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, 472- From intestine of Lopholatilus chamceleonticeps, one specimen. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 583 Distomum j oliatum Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 532 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, 466. From intestine of Mola mola. Distomum fragile Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 295 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, 466. From intestine of Mola viola , several. Distomum globiporum Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 415, 486. Hosts: Centro pristes striatus, Menticirrhus saxa- tilis, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (intestine). Distomum grandiporum Rudolphi. Linton, 1898, p. 520; Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Anguilla chrysypa (stomach), Paralichthys dentatus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (intes- tine). Distomum gulosum Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 415, 454 (sp. nov.). Hosts: Poronotus triacanthus, Scomber scombrus. Distomum hispidum Abilgaard. Linton, 1901, p. 415, 478. From intestine of Urophycis tenuis. Distomum lageniforme Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 524 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, P- 4IS- 473- From intestine of Remora remora. Distomum macrocotyle Diesing. Linton, 1898, p. 522; Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Mola mola (intestine); Myliobatis fremin- villei (stomach). Distomum monticellii Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 518 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Cynoscion regalis, Gymnosarda allcterala, Paralichthys dentatus (intestine), Pomatomus saltatrix (intestine), Remora remora (intestine). Distomum nigrescens Olsson. From Lophius piscatorius. — Linton, MS. Distomum nigroflavum Rudolphi. Linton, 1898, p. 530; Linton, 1901, p. 415, 466. From intestine of Mola mola. Distomum nitens Linton. ■ Linton, 1898, p. 534 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, Distomum ocreatum (Molin). Linton, 1898, p. 514; Linton, 1900, p. 288; Lin- ton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Anguilla chrysypa, Clupea harengus, Gadus callarias, Lopholatilus chamceleonticeps (intes- tine), Merluccius bilinearis (intestine), Micro- gadus tomcod, Pollachius virens (stomach), Pomatomus saltatrix (intestine), Urophycis chuss (intestine). Distomum fallens Rudolphi. Linton, 1898, p. 526; Linton, 1901, p. 415, 464. From intestine of Alutera schoepfii. Distomum polyorchis Stossich. Linton, 1901, p. 415, 460. From intestine of Cynoscion regalis. Distomum pudens Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 290 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, 482. Host: Paralichthys dentatus (a large number taken). Distomum pyriforme Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 292 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Cynoscion regalis (intestine), Menticirrhus saxatilis (intestine), Palinurichthys perciformis (intestine and pyloric cceca, enormous num- bers), Sarda sarda. ? Distomum rachion Cobbold. Linton, 1898, p. 538; Linton, 1901, p. 415, 476. Hosts: Gadus callarias, Melanogrammus oegle- finus. Distomum simplex Rudolphi. Linton, 1S98, p. 525; Linton, 1901, p. 415. etc. Hosts: Gasterosteus aculeatus , Hemitripterus amer- icanus (intestine), Leptocephalus conger, Li- mandaferruginea (intestine), Microgadus tomcod (intestine). Distomum tenue Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 535 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Roccus lineatus, Opsanus tau (intestine). Distomum tenue tenuissime Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 536; Linton, 1901, p. 415, 456. From peritoneum of Morone americana. Distomum tornatum Rudolphi. Linton, 1898, p. 513 ( Distomum tornatum), p. 515 ( D . rufoviride ); Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Coryphcena hippurus,a Fundulus hetero- clitus, Roccus lineatus (intestine), Menidia menidia notata, Opsanus tau. P- 415. 443- From intestine of Tylosurus acus. a From the Gulf Stream, and thus not strictly within the region comprised in the present report. 584 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OE FISHERIES. Distomum valdeinfiatum Stossich. Linton, 1898, p. 527; Linton, 1901, p. 416, etc. Hosts: A lutera schoepfii (capsules in peritoneum), Menidia menidia notata (cysts in liver and body cavity), Opsanus tau, Spheroides maculatus. Distomum veliporum Creplin. Linton, 1898, p. 521; Linton, 1901, p. 416, 431. From stomach of Raja loro is. Distomum vibex Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 291 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 416, 464. From Batistes vetula and Spheroides maculatus (intestine and pharynx). Distomum vitellosum Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 290 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 416, etc. Hosts: Anguilla chrysypa, Brevoortia tyrannies, Clupea harengus, Cynoscion regalis (intestine), Decapterus macarellus, Leptocephalus conger (intestine), Limanda ferruginea (intestine), Lophopsetta maculata, Menticirrhus saxatilis (intestine), Merluccius bilinearis (intestine), Microgadus tomcod, Morone americana, Para- lichthys dentatus (intestine), Paralichthys ob- longus , Pomatomus saltatrix (alimentary canal), Pomolobus pseudoharengus, Prionotus caro- linus, Pseudo pleuronectes americanus (intes- tine), Sarda sarda (intestine), Scomber scom- brus, Spheroides maculatus (intestine), Steno- tomus chrysops, Tautoga onitis, Tautogolabrus adspersus (intestine). Distomum, sp. sp. (unidentified). Species referable to this genus, but not deter- minable owing to immaturity or other reasons, were found by Dr. Linton in the following hosts : Achirus fasciatus, A lutera schoepfii, Anchovia brovenii , Anguilla chrysypa , Brevoortiatyrannus , Carangus crysos, Enchelyopus cimbrius (intes- tine), Fundulus heteroclitus (intestine), Gadus callarias (encysted under skin), Gasterosteus aculeatus, Lagocephalus loevigatus (intestine), Limanda ferruginea (intestine), Melanogram- mus ceglefinus, Menidia menidia notata, Menticirrhus saxatilis (intestine), Microgadus tomcod (encysted under skin), Morone ameri- cana (encysted ova in liver), Myoxocephalus aeneus, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus , Op- sanus tau (intestine), Palinuriclithys perci- formis, Paralichthys dentatus, Paralichthys oblongus, Pomatomus saltatrix, Poronotus tria- canthus, Prionotus carolinus (intestine), Pri- onotus strigatus, Pseudo pleuronectes americanus (on viscera and in intestinal walls), Ptero- phryne histrio, Scomberomorus maculatus (cysts in intestinal wall), Seriola lalandi, Stenotomus chrysops, Tautoga onitis, Tautogolabrus adsper- sus, Trichiurus lepturus. Epibdella bumpusii Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 286 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 414, 433- An external parasite on Dasyatis centrura. See Linton, 1900, p. 287, for an interesting account of egg formation in this species. Epibdella hippoglossi Muller. From Hippoglossus hippoglossus. Gasterostomum arcuatum Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 297 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 416, etc. Hosts: Brevoortia tyrannies, Carcharliinus obscierus (spiral valve), Sarda sarda (pylorus, stomach, intestine, pyloric coeca). Gasterostomum ovatum Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 541 ( Monostomum orbiculare)\ Linton, 1900, p. 297 ( Gasterostomum ovatum, sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 416, 437. From intestine of Lobotes surinamensis. Gasterostomum sp. Linton, 1901, p. 416, 442, 447. Undetermined species referable to this genus were taken from Menidia menidia notata, Scomberomorus maculatus (intestine, common), Seriola lalandi, and from Tylosurus marinus. ? Hexacotyle thynni (De la Roche). Linton, 1901, p. 414, 446. One specimen taken from mouth of Sarda sarda, August 7, 1900. Microcotyle hiatulce Goto. Goto, 1900, p. 281 (sp. nov.). From gills of Tautoga onitis, Newport. Microcotyle longicauda Goto. Goto, 1900, p. 282 (sp. nov.). From gills of Cynoscion regalis, Newport. Microcotyle pomatomi Goto. Goto, 1900, p. 279 (sp. nov.). From gills of Pomatomus saltatrix, Newport. Microcotyle stenotomi Goto. Goto, 1900, p. 279 (sp. nov.). From gills of Stenotomus chrysops, Newport. Microcotyle sp. Linton, 1901, p. 414, 451. Hosts: Cynoscion regalis, Pomatomus saltatrix (external), Poronotus triacanthus, Tylosurus marinus. Monostomum vinal-edwardsii Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 416, 470 (sp. nov.). Internal parasite of Opsanus tau, numerous. Monostomum sp. Linton, 1901, p. 416, 439. Hosts: Pomolobus pseudoharengus, Poronotus triacanthus. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 585 Nematobothrium, sp. undet. From gills of Sarda sarda. Nitzschia elongala (Nitzsch). Linton, 1898, p. 508 ( Nitzschia elegans); Linton, 1901, p. 414, 435. Found under the opercles and gills of Acipenser sturio. Nitzschia papillosa Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 508 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 414, 476- From gills of Gadus callarias. Octocotyle major Goto. Goto, 1900, p. 274 (sp. nov. —O. scombri (Kuhn), pars). From mackerel, off Newport. Tristomum coccineum (Cuvier). Linton, 1898a, p. 509; Linton, 1901, p. 414, 448. From gills of Xiphias gladius. Tristomum lame Verrill. Linton, 1898a, p. 509; Linton, 1901, p. 414, 445. From gills of Gymnosarda pelamys. This fish was taken “south of Marthas Vineyard” Aug. 18, 1886 (perhaps not within the limits of the region). Tristomum mola; Blanchard. Linton, 1898a, p. 510 (Tristomum rudolphianum); Linton, 1901, p. 414, 466. From skin and gills of Mola mola. Tristomum papillosum Diesing. From Xiphias gladius. Class CESTODA. Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1901, p. 4x1, 431. From intestinal wall of Raja Icevis. Acanthobothrium paulum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 816 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 41 1, etc. Hosts: Dasyatis centrura (spiral valve), Mylio- batis freminvillei, Raja eglanteria. Anthobothrium laciniatum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 754 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897a, p. 439; Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Prionace glauca, Carcharhinus milberti (spiral valve), Carcharhinus obscurus (spiral valve), Isurus dekayi (spiral valve), Raja eglanteria , Sphyrna zygcena (spiral valve). Anthobothrium pulvinatum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 759 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897a, p. 439; Linton, 1901, p. 411, 432. From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Anthocephalum gracile Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 794 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 411, 433. From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Calliobothrium eschricktii Beneden. Linton, 1890, p. 812; Linton, 1897a, p. 447; Lin- ton, 1901, p. 411, 425. From spiral valve of Mustelus canis (very rare). Calliobothrium verticillatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1889, p. 476; Linton, 1890, p. 810; Lin- ton, 1897a, p. 447; Linton, 1901, p. 411, 425. From spiral valve of Mustelus canis (abundant) also recorded from Squalus acanthias. Calyptrobotkrium minus Linton. Linton, 1907a, p. 279 (sp. nov.). From intestine of Tetronarce occidentalis. Calyptrobotkrium occidentale Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 298 (sp. nov.: at this time not distinguished from C. minus, described later); Linton, 1901, p. 41 1, 432 ; Linton, 19073^.276. From spiral valve of Tetronarce occidentalis . Crossobothrium angustum Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 468 ( Orygmatoboihrium angus- tum, sp. nov.); Linton, 1897, p. 796 (O. angus- tum)-, Linton, 1897a, p. 443 ( O . angustum); Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Carcharhinus milberti (spiral valve), Car- charhinus obscurus (spiral valve), Carcharias littoralis, Galeocerdo tigrinus, Prionace glauca. Crossobothrium laciniatum Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 470 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1890, p. 799; Linton, 1897a, p. 445; Linton, 1901, p. 411, 429. From stomach and intestine of Carcharias lit- toralis (very abundant). Dibothrium aluterce Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 458 (sp. nov.), Linton, 1901, p. 411, 464. From intestine of Alutera schoepfii; 104 speci- mens taken from a single fish. Dibothrium angustatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Merluccius bilinearis (intestine), Porono- tus triacanthus. Dibothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi). Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Anguilla chrysypa, Hippoglossus hippo- glossus, Merluccius bilinearis (intestine), Po- matomus saltatrix. Dibothrium ligula Donnadieu. Linton, 1901, p. 41 1, 441. Host: Osmerus mordax. bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 586 Dibothrium manubriforme Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 456 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1890, p. 728; Linton, 1897a, p. 429; Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Istiophorus nigricans (intestine), Tetrap- terus imperaior (intestine). Dibothrium microcephalum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1890, p. 736; Linton, 1901, p. 411, 465. From intestine of Mola mola (common). Dibothrium plicatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1890, p. 746; Linton, 1897a, p. 430, Linton, 1901, p. 412, 448. From intestine of Xiphias gladius. Dibothrium punctatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1890, p. 731; Linton, 1897a, p. 430; Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Decapterus punctatus, Hemitripterus americanus, Hippoglossushippoglossus, Liman- da ferruginea (intestine), Lophopsetta maculata (intestine), Myoxocephalus ceneus, Myoxocepha- lus octodecimspinosus, Palinurichthys percifor- mis, Paralichthys dentatus, Paralichthys oblongus (intestine), Pseudo pleuronectes americanus, Scomber scombrus (intestine), Trachurops cru- menophthalmus, Urophycis chuss. Dibothrium restiforme Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 722 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 41U 443- From intestine of Tylosurus acus. Dibothrium rugosum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1890, p. 750; Linton, 1897a, p. 431; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 476. Hosts: Gadus callarias (pyloric cceca), Melano- grammus ceglefinus, Microgadus tomcod, Uro- phycis tenuis. Dibothrium sp. Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Undetermined species of this genus found in spiral valve of Mustelus canis, and larvae in Alutera schoepfii, Carangus crysos, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Lagocephalus Icevigatus, Lophius piscatorius, Myoxocephalus ccneus, Scomber scombrus (intestine), Seriola lalandi, Sphe- roides maculatus. Dinabothrium sepiaria Beneden. Host: Carcharodon carcharias . — Linton, MS. Discocephalum pileatum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 781 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 427. From spiral valve of Carcharhinus obscurus. Echeneibothrium variabile Beneden. Linton, 1889, p. 460; Linton, 1890, p. 766; Linton, 1897a, p.440; Linton, 1901, p.412,431. From spiral valve of Raja erinacea, Raja IcBvis, Raja ocellata. Echeneibothrium sp. Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Hosts: Myliobatis freminvillei (spiral valve), Rhinoptera bonasus (spiral valve). Lecanice phalum peltatum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 802 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 433. From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Ligula sp. larva. Linton, 1897, p. 788; Linton, 1901, p. 412. 465, ( Ligula chylomycteri) . From spleen of Chilomycterus schcepfi. Monorygma sp. Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Hosts: Carcharhinus milberti, Galeocerdo tigrinus, Isurus dekayi (all in spiral valve), Raja Icevis, Squalus acantliias. Onchobothrium uncinatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1897a, p. 446; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 433. From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Orygmatobothrium crenulatum Linton. Linton, 1897a, p. 444 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 433. From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Orygmatobothrium paulum Linton. Linton, 1897a, p. 444 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 426. From spiral valve of Galeocerdo tigrinus. Otobothrium crenacolle Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 850 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 428; Linton, 1907, p. 113 et seq. Adult worms abundant in the spiral valve of Sphyrna zygaena; cysts abundant in the flesh of Po ro no tus triacanthus; have likewise been found encysted in the viscera of the following fishes taken in local waters: Alutera schoepfii, Car- charhinus obscurus, Cynoscion regalis, Fundu- lus heteroclitus, Mustelus canis, Paralichthys dentatus, Sarda sarda, Trickiurus lepturus, Xiphias gladius. Otobothrium dipsacum Linton. Linton, 1897, p. 806 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 451. I Host: Pomatomus saltatrix. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOOD.S HOPE AND VICINITY. 587 Paratcenia medusia Einton. Linton, 1890, p. 862 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897a, p. 440; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 433. From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrum. Phoreiobothrium lasium Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 474 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1890, p. 819; Linton, 1897a, p. 447; Linton, 1091, p. 412, etc. Hosts: Carcharhinus milberti, Carcharhinus ob- scurus (spiral valve), Sphyrna zygoma (spiral valve). Phoreiobothrium triloculatum Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 412, 427 (sp. nov.). From spiral valve of Carcharhinus obscurus. Phyllobothrium foliatum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 7S7 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897a, p. 443; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 433. Hosts: Dasyatis centrura (spiral valve); Raja Icevis. Phyllobothrium loliginis Leidy. Linton, 1897, p. 792. Adults from stomach of the squid ( Ommastrephes illecebrosus) , taken at Provincetown. Imma- ture specimens of this species have been found in the stomachs of the following hosts, not yet having been affected by the digestive fluids: Hemitripterus americanus, Mustelus canis, Paralichthys dentatus, Paralichthys oblongus. Raja Icevis, Raja ocellata, Spheroides macu- latus, Squalus acanthias, Urophycis chuss, Urophycis tenuis, Xiphias gladius. Phyllobothrium, sp. undetermined. Linton, 1901, p. 412, 474. Hosts: Carcharodon carcharias, Isurus dekayi, Merluccius bilinearis (intestine). Platybothrium cervinum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 820 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 427. From spiral valve of Carcharhinus obscurus. Platybothrium parvum Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. (sp. nov.). Flosts: Carcharhinus milberti (spiral valve), Isurus dekayi (spiral valve), Sphyrna zygoma (spiral valve). Rhinebothrium cancellatum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 771 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Hosts: Dasyatis centrura (spiral valve), Rliinop- tera bonasus (spiral valve). Rhinebothrium flexile Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 768 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901 P- 412, 433- From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Rhinebothrium longicolle Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 775 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897a, p. 441; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 433. Hosts: Myliobatis freminvillei (spiral valve), Rhynoptera bonasus. Rhinebothrium minimum (Beneden). Linton, 1897a, p. 441; Linton, 1901, p. 4x2, 431. From spiral valve of Raja eglanteria and Raja loevis. Rhynchobothrium agile Linton. Linton, 1897a, p. 451 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Hosts: Myliobatis freminvillei (spiral valve), Rhinoptera bonasus (spiral valve). Rhynchobothrium attenuatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1897, p. 805; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 448. From peritoneum of Xiphias gladius. Rhynchobothrium brevispine Linton. Linton, 1897a, p. 450 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 434. From spiral valve of a small ray (probably Rhynoptera bonasus). Rhynchobothrium bulbifer Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 486 (R. tenuicolle ); Linton, 1890, p. 825 (R. bulbifer, sp. nov.); Linton, 1897, p. 793; Linton, 1897a, p. 448; Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Adults common in spiral valve of Mustelus canis; cysts in viscera of following species: Alutera schoepfii, Ammodytes americanus, Anguilla chrysypa, Cynoscion regalis, Elops saurus, Gadus callarias, Gymnosarda alleterata, Menidia menidia notata, Menticirrhus saxatilis, Merluccius bilinearis , Microgadus tomcod, Myo- xocephalus eeneus, Paralichthys dentatus, Poma- tomus saltatrix, Poronotus triacanthus, Raja erinacea, Sarda sarda, Scomber scombrus (mus- cles of back), Scomberomorus maculatus, Spheroides maculatus, Squalus acanthias, Tetronarce occidentalis , Urophycis chuss. Rhynchobothrium heterospine Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 839 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897, p. 799; Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Adults in spiral valve of Mustelus canis and Squalus acanthias; cysts in viscera of Anguilla chrysypa, Paralichthys dentatus, and Syn- gnathus fuscus. Rhynchobothrium hispidum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 833 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, P- 412, 433- Cysts from Tautoga onitis; adults from spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. 588 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. Rhynchobothrium imparispinc Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 840 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897, p. 799; Linton, 1897a, p. 450; Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Adult worms in following species: Dasyatis centrum, Myliobatis freminvillei , Raja eglan- teria, Raja erinacea (spiral valve), Raja Icevis (spiral valve), Raja ocellata, Squalus acanthias. Cysts and larvae in the following species: Ammodytes americanus, Anguilla chrysypa, Ceniropristes striatus (in viscera), Clupea harengus (stomach wall), Gadus callarias (peri- toneum), Hemitripterus americanus , Lepto- cephalus conger (serous coat of intestine), Limanda ferruginea (in viscera), Lophius piscatorius, Lophopsetta maculata, Melano- grammus cBglefinus (peritoneum), Menidia menidia notata, Merluccius bilinearis, Micro- gadus tomcod (in viscera), Myoxocephalus ceneus, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus, Os- merus mordax, Paralichthys dentatus (in vis- cera), Pollachius virens, Pomolobus pseudo- harengus, Prionotus strigaius, Pseudopleuro- nectes americanus , Raja erinacea, Sarda sarda, Scomber scombrus, . Stenotomus chrysops (in viscera), Tautogolabrus adspersus, Tetronarce occidentalis (intestinal wall), Urophycis chuss, Urophycis tenuis, TCiphias gladius. Rhynchobothrium lomentaceum Diesing. Linton, 1890, p. 845; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 425. From spiral valve of Mustelus earns. Rhynchobothrium longicorne Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 847 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897a, p. 450; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 429. From spiral valve of Carcharias littoralis. Rhynchobothrium longispine Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 835 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 413, 433. Adults from spiral valve of Dasyatis centrum; cysts from the following hosts: Menticirrhus saxatilis, Paralichthys dentatus, Poronotus tria- canthus, Prionotus strigatus, Scomberomorus maculatus, Stenotomus chrysops, Urophycis chuss. Rhynchobothrium speciosum Linton. Linton, 1897, p. 801 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 413, etc. Adults from Carcharhinus obscurus; cysts in the viscera of the following hosts: Chastodipterus faber, Cynoscion regalis, Lophius piscatorius, Paralichthys dentatus, Pomatomus sallatrix, Remora remora, Roccus lineatus, Scomber scombrus, Scomberomorus maculatus, Stenoto- mus chrysops, Trichiurus lepturus, Tylosurus acus. Rhynchobothrium tenuispine Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 837 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897a, p. 448; Linton, 1901, p. 413, etc. Hosts: Carcharhinus milberti (spiral valve), Dasyatis centrum (spiral valve), Raja erinacea. Rhynchobothrium tumidulum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 829 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897a, p. 448; Linton, 1901, p. 413, etc. Adults found in spiral valve of Carcharhinus obscurus, Mustelus canis, and Raja erinacea; scolices in intestine of Opsanus tau; cysts in Spheroides maculatus. Rhynchobothrium wageneri Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 843 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, P- 413. 433- From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Rhynchobothrium, sp. undet. Cysts from the following hosts: Cynoscion regalis, Lophius piscatorius, Pseudo pleuronec- tes americanus, Seriola lalandi, Spheroides maculatus. Scolex polymorphus Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 413, etc. Hosts: Anchovia argyropkanus, Anchovia brownii (larvae in intestine), Anguilla chrysypa, Bre- voortia tyrannus (intestine, larvae), Cen- iropristes striatus (free in intestine), Clupea harengus (intestine, larvae), Cynoscion regalis (free in gall bladder and cystic duct), Decap- terus macarellus (free in intestine), Decap- terus punctatus, Etrumeus teres, Fundulus heteroclitus (intestine, larvae), Hippoglossus hippoglossus, Lagocephalus Iccvigatus (intes- tine, abundant), Leptocephalus conger (in- testine, larvae), Limanda ferruginea (intes- tine), Lophius piscatorius (free in intestine, larvae), Lopholatilus chamceleonticeps (free in intestine), Melanogrammus ceglefinus, Men- ticirrhus saxatilis (intestine), Merluccius bili- nearis (free in intestine), Microgadus tomcod (free in intestine), Opsanus tau, Palinurich- thys perciformis (alimentary tract), Para- lichthys dentatus (cystic duct and free in intestine), Paralichthys oblongus (intestine), Pomatomus saltatrix (larvae in intestine), Pomolobus mediocris (larvae in intestine), Pomolobus pseudoharengus (larvae in intes- tine), Poronotus triacanthus (free in intestine), Raja Icevis, Sarda sarda (larvae free in in- testine, rare), Scomber scombrus (larvae free in intestine), Spheroides maculatus (free in in- testine), Stenotomus chrysops (free in intestine), Tautoga onitis, Trichiurus lepturus, Tylosurus marinus (larvae in intestine), Urophycis chuss, Kiphias gladius. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 589 Spongiobothrium variabilc Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 462 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1890, p. 778; Linton, 1897a, p. 442; Linton, 1901, P- 4i3. 433- From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrum. Synbothriuvi filicolle Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 861 (Syndesmobotkrium filicolle, sp. nov.); Linton, 1897, p. 815; Linton, 1901, p. 413. etc- Scolex in spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura; cysts in viscera of following species: Brenoortia tyrannus, Carcharhinus obscurus, Cynoscion regalis, Galeocerdo tigrinus, Lobotes surinam- ensis, Mustelus canis, Paralichthys dentatus Pomatomus saltatrix, Scomberomorus cavalla, Scomberomorus maculatus, Scomberomorus re- galis, Seriola dumerili. Tcenia chamissonii Linton. Linton, 1905 (sp. nov.). About 25 cysts found in mesentery of a “skunk porpoise” ( Lagenorhynchus acutus) captured at Menemsha Bight, October 7, 1901. Tcenia dilatata Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 488 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897a, p. 425; Linton, 1901, p. 414, 435. , From intestine of Anguilla chrysypa. Tcenia sp. Linton, 1901, p. 414,428,435. Undetermined worms referred to this genus found in Anguilla chrysypa, Fundulus dia- phanus, and in Sphyrna zygaena (mucous mem- brane of intestine). Tetrarhynchus bicolor (Bartels). Linton, 1901, p. 414, etc. Adult taken once in Carcharhinus obscurus; cysts and scolices found in the following hosts: Carcharinus obscurus, Coryphcena hippurus (peritoneum), Galeocerdo tigrinus (stomach), Paralichthys dentalus (alimentary canal), Sarda sarda, Xiphias gladius (peritoneum and mesen- tery). Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 479 ( Rhynchobothrium bisulca- tum, sp. nov.); Linton, 1890, p. 857; Linton, 1897, p. 810; Linton, 1897a, p. 452; Linton, 1901, p. 414, etc. Adults very abundant in the pylorus and intes- tine of Carcharhinus obscurus; cysts and sco- lices in the viscera of the following species: Cynoscion regalis, Decapterus macarellus, Lo- phius piscatorius , Lopholatilus chamceleon- ticeps, Paralichthys dentatus, Paralichthys oblongus, Pomatomus saltatrix, Poronotus triacanthus , Prionotus carolinus, Prionotus T etrarhynchus bisculcatus — Continued. strigatus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Scomber scombrus, Seriola zonata, Spheroides maculatus, Stenotomus chrysops, Tetronarce occidentalis , Urophycis chuss, Xiphias gladius. Tetrarhynchus elongatus (Wagener). Linton, 1897, p. 812; Linton, 1901, p. 414, 466. From liver of Mola mola (common). Tetrarchynchus erinaceus Beneden. Linton, 1897, p. 811; Linton, 1901, p. 414, etc. Cysts in viscera of Cynoscion regalis, Pomatomus saltatrix and Poronotus triacanthus . Tetrarhynchus linioni Vaullegeard. Linton, 1890, p. 853 (T. tenue, sp. nov.); Linton, 1.897a, p. 452; Linton, 1901, p. 414, 433 (T. tenuis). Spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Tetrarhynchus robustus Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 855 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897a, p. 452; Linton, 1901, p. 414, etc. Adults from Carcharhinus obscurus, Dasyatis centrura (stomach and pylorus), Isurus dekayi (scolex in spiral valve), Myliobatis fremin- villei, Raja laevis, Rhinoptera bonasus; cysts from Paralichthys dentatus. Tetrarhynchus sp. Linton, 1901, p. 414, etc. “Cysts too immature for identification or not yet identified” recorded for the following hosts: Carcharinus obscurus, Chcetodipterus faber, Dasyatis centrura, Lophius piscatorius , Mus- telus canis, Pomolobus mediocris, Poronotus triacanthus , Pseudopleuronectes americanus , Raja erinacea, Sarda sarda, Scomberomorus regalis, Spheroides maculatus, Sphyrna zygaena, Terapterus imperator. Thysanocephalum crispum Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 464 ( Phylloboihrium thysano- cephalum, sp. nov.); Linton, 1890, p. 823; Linton, 1891a, p. 543; Linton, 1897a, p. 448; Linton, 1901, p. 414, 426. From spiral valve of Galeocerdo tigrinus. Thysanocephalum ridiculum Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 414, 430 (sp. nov.). From spiral valve of Isurus dekayi. Trilocularia gracilis Olsson. Adult from Squalus acantkias. — Linton, MS. Tylocephalum pingue Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 806 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 414. 434- From spiral valve of Rhinoptera bonasus. Cestode, undetermined (belonging to a new genus allied to Ligula). From Liparis liparis. 59° bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Class NEMERTINEAa Family Carinelumj. Carinella pellucida Coe. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, Juniper Point, Nobska Point; under stones and among algae low water to 8 fathoms. — Coe. Ripe sexual products at Woods Hole in July. Family Carinomidaj. Carinoma tremaphoros Thompson. Breakwater (Buzzards Bay side), Great Pond, Falmouth; low water to i fathom, in sandy localities. — Coe. Sexually mature in September. Family CephalotrichidaJ. Cephalothrix linearis (Rathke). Verrill, 1892, p. 442; Coe, 1S99. Newport, Woods Hole. — Verrill. Woods Hole, Juniper Point, Penzance (Buzzards Bay side), Naushon Id.; not abundant; found under stones and hard clay, and in gravel and mud. — Coe. Verrill states that it “often occurs gre- gariously, many individuals being intricately coiled up in a mass.” Sexual products mature at Woods Hole in August; eggs can be artificially fertilized. — - Coe. Family Reniosomidaj. Parapolia aurantiaca Coe. Coe, 1895, p. 518 (sp. nov.); 1899. Shore of Devils Foot Island, in Woods Hole Harbor; two specimens found in sand at low-water mark, August, 1894. The sexual products were then mature. Zygeupolia rubens (Coe). Coe, 1895, p. 521 ( Valencinia rubens, sp. nov.); 1899 ( Valencinia rubens). Near “Gut of Canso,” in Woods Hole Harbor, Bay shore of Penzance, Quisset Harbor; fairly common near low- water mark, several inches in the sand, occasionally under stones. — Coe. Family LinEidas. Lineus viridis (Fabricius). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 628 ( Nemertes Hindis) ; Verrill, 1879, p. 185; 1892, p. 418; Coe, 1899. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound (very com- mon), Woods Hole, Newport; under stones be- tween tides, and in shallow water on rocky bottoms. — Verrill. Eel Pond, Great Harbor, Juniper Point, Little Harbor, Bay side of Pen- zance, Hadley Harbor; common under stones at low water. — Coe. Sexually mature in June ; eggs laid under stones at low water; maybe artificially fertilized. — Coe. Lineus viridis sanguineus (Rathke). Associated with Lineus viridis, not uncommon.- — Coe. Lineus socialis (Leidy). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 628, 324, 392 ( Ne- mertes socialis)', Verrill, 1879, p. 185 ( Lineus communis ); Verrill, 1892, p. 424; Coe, 1899. Vineyard Sound; “in great abundance under stones from mid-tide to near high-water mark ’ ’ ; very gregarious. — Verrill. Eel Pond, Little Harbor, Great Harbor, Hadley Harbor; in eel- grass and under stones; not common. — Coe. Eggs mature in midwinter at New Haven. — Coe. Lineus bicolor Verrill. Verrill, 1892, p. 426 (sp. nov.); Coe, 1899. Vineyard Sound, common; “usually taken on shelly or stony bottoms, among algae, ascidians, and hydroids. ” — Verrill. Nobska, Tarpaulin Cove, and westward; 3 to 5 fathoms. — Coe. Buzzards Bay, near Cuttyhunk, at Phalarope station 103; 5 fathoms, mud.* Local specimens taken in July, 1898, contained mature sexual products. — Coe. Micrura leidyi (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 630, 324 ( Meckelia rosea) ; Verrill, 1892 , p. 436 ( Cerebratulus leidyi) ; Coe, 1899 ( Cerebratulus leidyi). Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole, Newport, very common, burrowing in sand near low-water mark , occasionally under stones. — Verrill. Un- catena Gutter, bay shore of Penzance. — J. P. McMurrich, in Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue. Great Harbor, Bay side of Penzance, Naushon, Quisset, Falmouth.— Coe. Fish Hawk stations 7521 * (Vineyard Sound) and 7647 * (Buzzards Bay); 6 to 10 fathoms, sand and mud. — Survey. Breeds commonly at Woods Hole in July and early August, sometimes earlier than July; eggs may be artificially fertilized. — Coe. Micrura caeca Verrill. Verrill, 1892, p. 531 (sp. nov.; not listed for this region); Coe, 1899. Vineyard Sound, Bay shore of Penzance, Great Harbor, Naushon, Quisset Harbor; in sand be- tween tides. — Coe. Sexual products mature at Woods Hole in Au- gust; eggs can be artificially fertilized, and reared to the pilidium stage. — Coe. a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Prof. W. R. Coe. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 591 Micrura ajjinis (Girard). Verrill, 1879, p. 186 (not listed for this region); 1892, p. 428. South of Cape Cod and off Nantucket and Mar- thas Vineyard; 12 to 50 fathoms. — Verrill. Marthas Vineyard and northward. — Coe. Cerebrcitulus lactcus (Leidy). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 630, 324, 349, 350 ( Meckelia lactea and M. ingens)', Verrill, 1892, P- 433; C°e- i899- Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound; “common, burrowing both in sand and mud at and above low-water mark and in shallow water down to several fathoms in depth.” — Verrill. Nau- shon, Hadley Harbor, Great and Little Harbors (Woods Hole), Penzance (Buzzards Bay side), Falmouth, Quisset. — Coe. Fish Hawk station *: 7556 (several dead pieces), 7640 ( ? posterior portion only), 7647 ( ? midpor- tion only), 7652 (? posterior end only), 7659. Eggs ripe at New Haven during March, April, and May; in Maine this species breeds in July; eggs can be artificially fertilized and embryos easily reared to pilidium. In recent years the eggs of this form have been extensively used in experimental embryology. Cerebratulus marginatus Renier. Verrill, 1892, p. 438 {Cerebratulus fuscus). “ South of Cape Cod it occurs in 15 to 45 fathoms on bottoms of sand and mud in the cold areas swept by the arctic current, as off Gay Head in 19 fathoms.” — Verrill. Gay Head, under stones, between tides. — Coe. Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk station 7638; 9 fathoms, mud*. Cerebratulus luridus Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 630, 502, 508 {Meckelia lurida, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1892, p. 440; Coe, 1899. Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, soft mud; off Buz- zards Bay, 25 fathoms. — Verrill. Lower half of Buzzards Bay, in 6 to 13 fathoms, on muddy bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7638*, 7642*0, 7643*0, 7647*, 7654*, 7655*, 7658*, 7661 (?), 7662 (?), 7669 (?). Apparently ripe eggs in Cape Cod Bay in August. — Verrill, cited by Coe. 0 Uncertain whether presen ; 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 4 Family CarcinonemERTid^E. Carcinofieniertes carcinophila (Ivolliker). Coe, 1902, p. 441. Nobska Point, Katama Bay, Menemsha Bight. “ Parasitic on the gills of various species of crabs when young, migrating to the egg masses of the crab at the approach of sexual maturity.” Locally, reported only from the “lady crab” {Ovalipes ocellatus). In the case of a large number of crabs of this species examined by Dr. Coe during July and August of various years the parasites were found on the gills of about 10 per cent of the female crabs, but none were found on the males. Family Amphiporimj. Zygonemertes virescens (Verrill). Verrill, 1879, p. 183 {Amphiporus virescens, sp. nov.); 1892, p. 400 {Amphiporus virescens ); Coe, 1899 {Amphiporus virescens). Woods Hole, Newport; “common in shallow water among hydroids and ascidians, and on the piles of wharves, between tides.” — Verrill. Piles of United States Bureau of Fisheries pier, Woods Hole steamboat landing, Little Har- bor.— Coe. Eggs mature at Woods Hole in July and August. — Coe. Amphiporus ochraceus Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 630, 325 {Cosmoce- phala ochracea, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1892, p. 396; Coe, 1899. Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound; common between tides, in tide pools, and under stones, creeping among algae, hydroids, etc., or in dead tubes of serpula; on piles of wharves; likewise dredged in 2 to 20 fathoms, on stony or shelly bottoms. — Verrill. Woods Hole Harbor, at railroad wharf and Juniper Point, Nobska Point, Pen- zance (Bay shore), Eel Pond; common among eelgrass. — Coe. Buzzards Bay, shore of Nash- awena, at Phalarope station 78, in 5 to 6 fathoms, sand and mud*. Dr. Coe reports that in the vicinity of New Haven the eggs are laid during May and June ; in one case as early as January. one or both of these stations. 592 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. ^Amphiporus glutinosus Verrill. “ Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 631, 324, 382 ( Polina glutinosa, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1892, p. 397; Montgomery, 1897, p. 9. Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound; low water to 6 fathoms, usually among hydroids and bry- ozoa. — Verrill. Abundant in Eel Pond. — - T. H. Montgomery. Amphiporus cruentatus Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 184 (sp. nov.); 1892, p. 399. Vineyard Sound, 4 to 10 fathoms; off Newport, 3 to 8 fathoms.— Verrill. Off Nobska Point, common among dead shells of Spisula; Tar- paulin Cove. — Coe. Amphiporus bioculatus McIntosh. Verrill, 1892, p. 402 (determination doubtful). Vineyard Sound, 1 to 10 fathoms, not uncom- mon.— Verrill. Vineyard Sound, 1 to 20 fathoms. — Coe. Family Tetrastemmatid.e. Tetrastemma candidum (Fabricius). Coe, 1899. Great Harbor, Little Harbor; on piles, between tides; not common. — Coe. Sexually mature at Woods Hole in July and August. Tetrastemma vittatum Verrill. Verrill, 1892, p. 411. Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole; in mud. — Verrill. Little Harbor, Eel Pond ; muddy bottoms and eelgrass, down to 25 fathoms. — Coe. Nernertean, family and species undetermined. Tetrastemma elegans Verrill. Verrill, 1892, p. 406. Woods Hole, on piles of wharf. — Verrill. Vine- yard Sound, Great Harbor, Little Harbor; on piles; not common. — Coe. Tetrastemma vermiculus (Quatrefages). Verrill, 1892, p. 407; Coe, 1899. Little Harbor, on piles and in mud.— Verrill. Great Harbor, Hadley Harbor, Vineyard Sound, on all kinds of bottoms. — Coe. Ripe ova in August. — Coe. Tetrastemma dorsale (Abildgaard). Little Harbor and Hadley Harbor; common on piles. — Coe. Sexually mature in August. Family MALACOBDELLimE. Malacobdella grossa Muller). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 625, 458 ( Malacob- della obesa; listed among the leeches); Ver- rill, 1892, p. 444 ( Malacobdella obesa). Parasitic on Mya, Venus, and Cyprina; rare. “Has apparently decreased in numbers in re- cent years, for an examination of thousands of lamellibranchs in the Woods Hole region dur- ing each summer for more than five years has not revealed a single specimen.” — Coe. Blue Wing station 44. Phylum NEMATHELMINTHES. Class NEMATODA. Acanthocheilus nidifex Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 303 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 410, 426. Host: Galeocerdo tigrinus, in pits or nests formed by the worm bnrrowing into the mucous mem- brane of stomach, rare. Acanthocheilus sp. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 428. From Carcharias littoralis (stomach) and Raja ocellata. ? Agamonema capsularia Diesing. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Immature specimens from Anguilla chrysypa, Clupea karengus and Scomber scombrus. ? Agamonema papilligerus Diesing. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 444. Host: Scomber scombrus. Ascaris adunca Rudolphi. Host: Alosa sapidissima. — Linton. Ascaris brevicapitata Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 425 (sp. nov.). From stomach of Galeocerdo tigrinus (very rare). Ascaris capsularia Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Gadus callarias: Scomber scombrus. Ascaris clavata Rudolphi. Linton, 1900, p. 302; Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Gadus callarias, Hippoglossus hippoglos- sus, Melanogrammus ceglefinus, Merluccius bilinearis, Microgadus tomcod, Myoxocephalus oeneus, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus, Pol- lachius virens, Pomolobus mediocris (?), Raja erinacea, Scomber scombrus, Scomberomorus maculatus, Squalus acanthias. ? Ascaris acanthocaudata Cobbold. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 476. Host: Melanogrammus ceglefinus. a This is probably the same as .4. ochraceus.— Coe. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OR WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 593 Ascaris habena Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 302 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 410, 468. Hosts: Gadus callarias, Lophopsetla maculata, Myoxocephalus ceneus, Myoxocephalus octo- decimo pinosus, Opsanus tau (stomach and intestine, common), Palinurichthys percifor- mis, Pomolobus mediocris, Prionotus carolinus, Pseudo pleuronectes americanus, Scombero- morus maculatus, Spheroides maculatus, Urophycis chuss, Urophycis tenuis. Ascaris increscens Molin. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Corypheena hippurus (stomach); Lophius piscatorius. Ascaris incurva Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Hippoglossoides platessoides (rectum, rare), Seriola zonata (stomach), Scombero- morus maculatus (intestine, rare), Seriola lalandi, Tetrapterus imperator (intestine and rectum, rare), Xiphias gladius (stomach, common). Ascaris inquies Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 452 (sp. nov.). From stomach of Rachycentron canadus (many). Ascaris neglecta Leidy. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 465. From intestine of Chilomycterus schcepfi. ? Ascaris rigida Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 488. Host: Lophius piscatorius . Ascaris rotundata Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Raja eglanteria; Raja erinacea (stomach and intestine), Raja lam is, Raja ocellata. Ascaris sp. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Unidentified (for the most part immature) worms referred to this genus are recorded for the following hosts: Alosa sapidissima, Bros- mius brosme, C archarias littoralis, Clupea harengUs, Dasyatis centrura, Hemitripterus americanus, Lagocephalus Icevigatus, Macrou- rus bairdii, Menticirrhus saxatilis, Microgadus tomcod, Mustelus canis (peritoneal capsules), Myoxocephalus aneus, Osmerus mordax, Para- lichthys dentatus (intestine), Pomolobus medi- ocris (stomach), Pseudo pleuronectes ameri- canus, Roccus lineatus, Sarda sarda (stomach), Scomber scombrus, Stenotomus chrysops, Tylo- surusacus, Urophycis tenuis. Dacnitis Ilians Dujardin. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 436. From intestine of Leptocephalus conger. Dacnitis s phcerocephala Dujardin. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 435. From intestine of Acipenser sturio. Filaria rubra Leidy. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Centro pristes striatus (under skin), Roccus lineatus (from flesh). Filaria, sp.undet. Host: Menidia menidia nolata. — Linton. Heterakis foveolata (Rudolphi). Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. ( Cucullanus globosus ). Hosts: Carangus crysos, Gadus callarias, Hippo- glossus hippoglossus, Lophius piscatorius (in- testine), Melanogrammus ceglefinus, Pomolo- bus cestivalis, Urophycis chuss. Heterakis, sp. undet. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 441, 453 ( Cucullanus , sp.). Hosts: Fundulus diaphanus, Fundulus hetero- clitus, Fundulus majalis, Morone americana, Poronotus triacanthus. Ichthyonema globiceps (Rudolphi). Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Lobotes surinamenus (peritoneum), Poma- tomus saltatrix (ovaries), Scomberomorus macu- latus (ovary, rare), Tarpon atlanticus. ? Ichthyonema sanguineum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1900, p. 304; Linton, 1901, p. 410, 482. From mouth of Paralichthys dentatus. Ichthyonema sp. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 428, etc. Undetermined worms referred to this genus were found in Chcetodipterus faber (abdominal cav- ity), Hippoglossoides platessoides (intestine), Microgadus tomcod, Poronotus triacanthus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus’, Roccus lineatus > Sarda sarda (beneath skin in gill cavity), Sphyrna zygoena (liver), Urophycis tenuis. Lecanocephalus annulatus (Molin). Linton, 1901, p. 410, 435. Hosts: Anguilla chrysypa, Morone americana, Palinurichthys perciformis, Poronotus triacan- thus, Roccus lineatus (peritoneum, very rare). 594 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Nectonema agile Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 453 (a “ slender round worm”); Verrill, 1879, p. 187 ( Nectonema agilis, sp. now; assigned doubtfully to the Nematoda); Ward, 1892; Bumpus, 1898b. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill, F. R. Lillie. Woods Hole. — Woodworth, Andrews. Newport. — A. Agassiz, Fewkes. Swims actively at the surface in the evening in June and July. Ward regards the body structure as indicating that this worm is a para- site during its larval life. Pontonema marinum Leidy. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 634, 325, etc. Vineyard Sound, “very abundant from above low-water mark to 10 fathoms;” rocky shores, beneath stones, among algae, hydroids, etc.; adults taken in surface tow, in February. Pontonema vacillation Leidy. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 634, 326. Occurrence similar to that of P. marinum. Spiroptera pectinifer Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 411, 427 (sp. now). From stomach of Sphyrna zygcena. Class ACANTHOCEPHALA. Eckinorhynchus acus Rudolphi. Linton, 1889, p. 492; Linton, 1891, p. 525; Lin- ton, 1901, p. 409, etc. Hosts: Alosa sapidissima, Carcharias littoralis (spiral valve), Cynoscion regalis, Enchelyopus cimbrius (intestine), Fundulus diaphanus , Fun - dulus heteroclitus , Gadus callarias , Hemitripterus americanus , Hippoglossus hippoglossus , Lepto- cephalus conger (intestine), Limandaferruginea (intestine), Lophius piscatorius (intestine), Lophopsetta maculata, Macrourus bairdii, Mela- nogrammus ceglefinus, Merluccius bilinearis (intestine), Microgradus tomcod, Mola mola (gills), Myoxocephalus ceneus, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus , Opsanus tau (intestine), Paralichihys dentatus (intestine), Paralichthys oblongus (intestine), Pholis gunnellus, Pol- lachius virens, Pomolobus cestivalis, Pomolobus mediocris, Pomolobus pseudoharengus , Porono- tus triacanthus , Prionotus carolinus, Prionotus strigatus, Pseudo pleuronectes americanus (intes- tine), Raja eglanteria, Roccus lineatus, Scomber scombrus, Spheroides maculatus (pharynx), Stenotomus chrysops (viscera), Tautoga onitis, Trichiurus lep turns, Urophycis chuss (intes- tine), Urophycis tenuis. Eckinorhynchus clavceceps Zeder. Linton, 1889, p. 490 ( Eckinorhynchus agilis ); Linton, 1891, p. 534 ( E . agilis); Linton, 1901, p. 409, etc. ( E . agilis). Hosts: Anguilla chrysypa (intestine), Carcha- rhinus obscurus (spiral valve), Fundulus hetero- clitus, Morone americana (intestine), Opsanus tau, Tylosurus marinus (intestine). Echinorkynchus attenuatus Linton. Linton, 1891, p. 529 (sp. now); Linton, 1900, P- 409, 435- Host: Acipenser brevirostrum (=sturio). Echinorkynchus carckarice Linton. Linton, 1891, p. 536 (sp. now), Linton, 1901, p. 409, 428. Host: Carcharias littoralis. Echinorkynchus fusiformis Zeder. Linton, 1901, p. 409, 468. Host: Opsanus tau (intestine). Echinorkynchus globulosus Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 409, 435. Hosts: Acipenser rubicundus, Anguilla chrysypa. Echinorkynchus lateralis Molin. Linton, 1891, p. 533 {Eckinorhynchus incrassatus) \ Linton, 1901, p. 409, etc. (E. incrassatus) . Hosts: Lophius piscatorius, Paralichthys dentatus, Pomatomus saltatrix, (in each case from peri- toneum). Echinorkynchus pristis Rudolphi. Linton, 1S91, p. 530; Linton, 1901, p. 409, etc. Hosts: Carangus crysos, Cynoscion regalis (vis- cera), Lobotes surinamensis (intestine), Lophius piscatorius, Palinurichthys perciformis (intes- tine), Tylosurus acus. Linton (1891, p. 531) lists a variety tenuicornis , which he found in “Tylosurus caribbceus” (doubtless acus or marinus), and in Lobotes surinamensis. Eckinorhynchus proteus Westrumb. Linton, 1889, p. 496; Linton, 1891, p. 537; Linton, 1901, p. 409, etc. Hosts: Archosargus probatocephalus (peritone- um), Carangus hippos, Centropristes striatus, Cynoscion regalis (intestine), Merluccius bili- nearis, Paralichthys dentatus (mesentery), Po- matomus saltatrix (intestine, usually with head perforating the wall), Roccus lineatus (always present in rectum). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 595 Echinorhynchus sagittifer Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 493 (sp. nov.), Linton, 1891, p. 535; Linton, 1901, p. 409, etc. Hosts: Centropristes striatus (peritoneum), Cy- noscion regalis (viscera), Paralichlhys dentatus (viscera), Pomatomus saltatrix (peritoneum), Raja erinacea, Rhombus triacanthus (viscera), Stenotomus chrysops. Echinorhynchus aurantiacus Risso. Linton, 1891, p. 533 ( Echinorhynchus serrani , sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 409, 456 (E. serrani ). From peritoneum of Centropristes striatus. Echinorhynchus thecatus Linton. Linton, 1891, p. 528 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 409, 456. Host: Morone americana. Echinorhynchus , sp. undet. Linton, 1901, p. 409, 47T (and MS.). Undetermined representatives of this genus were found in Centropristes striatus, Lophius pisca- torius, Lopholatilus chamceleonticeps (two oc- casions), Morone americana, Thunnus thynnus. Class CHAETOGNATHA. Sagitta elegans Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 626, 440, etc. (sp. nov.). “Woods Hole and Vineyard Sound, at surface, July 1; off Gay Head, among Salpce, Septem- ber 8.” Sagitta sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 440, 453. An undetermined species, larger and stouter than S', elegans, reported by Verrill as taken in large numbers at Woods Hole by V. N. Edwards in January and February. Sagitta sp. One or more species of Sagitta (undetermined; doubtless including those listed by Verrill) are a conspicuous feature of the local plankton during the winter and spring. According to Mr. Edwards’s towing records, they are present in greatest abundance during December and January, but are recorded from October till July. DINOPHILEA. (Incertae sedis.) Family Dinophilid^. Dinophilus gardineri Moore. Anne Moore, 1900, p. 15 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, in an artificial pond of brackish water, May, 1898 and 1899. Dinophilus pygmceus Verrill. Verrill, 1892a, p. 457 (sp. nov.). Dinophilus pygmceus — Continued. Woods Hole, on piles of a wharf, Aug. 10, 1883. Dinophilus simplex Verrill. Verrill, 1892a, p. 458 (sp. nov.). Newport, August, 1880. Phylum MOLLUSCOIDA. Class BRYOZOA. BRYOZOA ENTOPROCTA. Family Loxosomid.E. Loxosoma davenporti Nickerson. Nickerson, 1898, p. 220 (sp. nov.); 1899, p. 366; 1901, p. 351; Osbum, 1912, p. 212. Cotuit Harbor, in tubes of sand, 1 foot deep; locally common. Loxosoma minuta Osbum. Osbum, 1912, p. 212 (sp. nov.). “Found on Phascoleon strombi ( =Phascolosoma ccementarium) in the Woods Hole region, and on Phascolosoma eremita at the Isles of Shoals, often in considerable numbers among the tubercles of the skin. ” Family PF.DlcEtLiNlDaj. Pedicellina cernua Pallas. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 707, 405, etc. ( Pedi- cellina Americana)', Osburn, 1912, p. 213. New Haven to Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. New Bedford Harbor, on piles, very common, growing intermixed with Bowerbankia gracilis; Nobska Point, in shallow water; Vineyard Sound, off Vineyard Haven, 7 fathoms; Crab Ledge, in 18 fathoms. A form which may be a different species occurs on the piles at New Bedford. This bears a varying number of blunt spines on the head. 596 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Barentsia major Hincks. Osburn, 1912, p. 213. Occasional throughout the waters of the region, growing on shells and stones. Dredged by the Survey almost wholly in Buzzards Bay, in 3 to 13 fathoms, on various sorts of bottom- Off Gay Head, on leg of spider crab; piles at Nantucket, on Chondrus crispus. Fish Hawk stations: 7611, 7645, 7709. Supple- mentary station (1909); 7639. Phalarope stations: 135, 165, 167. Supplemen- tary station (1909): 146 (1). Barentsia discrete/, (Busk). Osburn, 1912, p. 214. A colony of several dozen individuals that seem to belong to this species was taken by the sur- Barentsia discreta — Continued. vey in the eastern part of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7777, in 5 y2 fathoms, grow- ing on a shell fragment, and again off the eastern end of Naushon Island, in 11 fathoms, growing on a pebble. Taken in 1909 at two repeated stations (7660 and 7668) in the lower end of Buzzards Bay, 6 to 10 fathoms. The species has heretofore been known only from the type locality, Tristan da Cunha, in the middle of the South Atlantic Ocean, where it was dredged in 100 to 150 fathoms, off Nightingale Island. — Busk (Challenger Report. There listed as Ascopodaria discreta n. sp.). BRYOZOA ECTOPROCTA. Family Crisiid^. Crisia eburnea (Linnaeus). [Chart 27.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 707, 31 1, etc.; Osburn, 1912, p. 215. Vineyard Sound, common. — Verrill. Abundant and universally distributed in Vineyard Sound; common in many parts of Buzzards Bay. Dredged by the Survey in 1 to 17 fathoms on all sorts of bottom. Recorded also from shores and piles of wharves in nearly every part of the region. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (scarce), 7523 (few small pieces), 7524 bis, 7526 (few very small pieces on stem of dead Pennaria (?) ), 7531 bis (much), 7532 bis (few colonies), 7533 bis (many tufts), 7535 (small piece), 7536 (abun- dant on algae), 7537 (small cluster), 7537 bis (few), 7538 (several large tufts), 7539 (abun- dant), 7543 bis (few colonies), 7550 (small tufts on Eudendrium and algae), 7550 bis (little), 7552 bis (1 colony), 7553 (small tufts on Eudendrium and algae), 7553 bis (few col- onies), 7557 (considerable tuft on Pennaria and Chondrus ), 7560 (on Chondrus crispus; abundant on Pennaria), 7562 (on Chondrus crispus; few small tufts on Eudendrium), 7563 bis, 7564 bis (considerable), 7565 bis (several colonies), 7569 bis, 7572 (small cluster on algae), 7582 (few tufts on Laminaria and Chondrus), 7583 (many on Laminaria and Chondrus), 7587 (abundant on algae) (?), 7588 (very abundant on algae) (?), 7591 (abundant), 7592 (on Chondrus), 7593, 7594, 7597, 7611 (few clusters), 7612, 7613, 7614, 7615, 7619, 7630, 7636, 7639 (1 colony), 7640, Crisia eburnea — Continued. 7643 (1 colony), 7644 (few colonies), 7645, 7653 (few clusters), 7659 (few masses), 7660, 7661, 7663 (few), 7664, 7666, 7671, 7672 (few), 7673, 7675 (few colonies), 7678, 7679 (little with Bugula), 7680, 7681, 7685, 7689, 7690 (with algae), 7692 (little), 7693, 7697, 7699 (little), 7700, 7701, 7702, 7703, 7717, 7718, 7720, 7721, 7723, 7724, 7725, 7729, 7731, 7732 (little), 7733, 7734, 7735 (much), 7738, 7739 (little), 7740, 7741, 7742 (little), 7743 (little), 7744 (little), 7745 (little), 7746 (little), 7749 (much), 7750 (much), 7751 (little), 7752 (little), 7753 (?), 7754 (much), 7755 (little), 7757 (little), 7760, 7763, 7764 (very much), 7765 (much), 7766 (little), 7767 (much), 7768 (much), 7769 (much), 7771, 7772 (much), 7774, 7775 (much), 7778, 7781, 7782 (little) 7783. Sup- plementary stations (1906): 7525, 7537, 7567, 77°9> 7723; (!9°7): 7526’ 753s> 7551- 75Sl. 776i> 7763. 778°; (I9°9): 7634. 7643- 7645- 7659- 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (much), 2 (relatively few), 3 (many), 4 (few), 5 (few tufts), 7 (many), 8 (very abundant), 9 (com- mon, several colonies), 10 (few), 11 (rare), 12 (few), 15 (common), 16 (common), 20 (common), 21 (common), 22 (abundant), 23 (few), 24 (abundant), 25 (abundant), 30 (few), 32 (abundant), 33 (few), 34 (abundant), 36 (common), 37 (few), 39 (small colony), 44 (abundant), 45, 46 (very common), 48 (few), 49 (common), 51 (common), 55 (few), 56 (many), 57 (many), 58 (abundant), 60 (much), 62 (few), 63 (few), 64 (few colonies), 65 (abundant on Laminaria), 66 (several), BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 597 Crisia eburnea — Continued. 67 (many), 68 (few), 69 (several), 73 (few), 74 (few), 75 (few colonies), 76 (few), 77 (few), 79 (common), 83 (few), 85, 87, 100 (common), 107 (few), 108, hi, 112, 113, 114, 116, 117, 121, 122 (few), 123 (few), 124 (few), 130 (few), 131 (common), 134 (common), 135 (very abundant), 136 (few), 137 (common), 141 (common), 144 (few), 145 (few), 146 (few), 130 (common), 160 (few), 163 (very abundant). Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 131, 146. Crisia cribraria Stimpson. Osbum, 1912, p. 215. Found only in the colder waters, at outlying points. Taken at Crab Ledge, in 18 fathoms. fCrisia denticulata (Lamarck). Osbum, 1912, p. 216. Doubtful specimens taken in the outer waters of the Woods Hole region. Family Tubuliporid.e. Tubulipora liliacea (Pallas). [Chart 28.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 708, 405, etc. ( Tubulipora flabellaris ); Osbum, 1912, p. 217. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Occasional through- out Vineyard Sound and the lower half of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 3 to 15 fathoms, on sand, gravel, and stones, usually attached to algae, occasionally on shells. — Survey. Also found in piles. Fish Hawk stations: 7360 (on Chondrus crispus ), 7582 (on Chondrus crispus), 7724, 7725, 7733 (?), 7764, 7771- Supplementary stations (1909): 7643, 7659, 7660. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 22, 37, 87. Tubulipora atlantica (Johnston). Osbum, 1912, p. 217. Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909, several well- developed colonies with ovicells attached to rocks and shells. Tubulipora flabellaris (Fabricius). Osbum, 1912, p. 218. Crab Ledge, off Sankaty Head, Great Round Shoal; taken only in outside waters of the region. Stomatopora diastoporoides (Norman). Osbum, 1912, p. 218. A few specimens taken by the Survey at Crab Ledge upon pebbles. Family Lichenoporid/e. Lichenopora verrucaria (Fabricius). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 707, 405. ( Diastopora patina); Osbum, 1912, p. 219. Vineyard Sound, off Vineyard Haven. — Verrill. Nobslca Point, in shallow water, along shore; Muskeget Channel, 7 fathoms; Crab Ledge, common; Sankaty Head, E. S. E. 13 fathoms; Robinsons Hole, at Phalarope station 22; near Gay Head, at Fish Hawk station 7730. Found on hydroids, on other Bryozoa, shells and algae. Family AJteidaj. /Etea anguina (Linnaeus). [Chart 29.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 710, 403; Osburn, 1912, p. 220. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Abundant and gen- erally distributed in Vineyard Sound and Buz- zards Bay; dredged in 1 to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom, creeping over hydroids, algae and Bryozoa, occasionally on shells and peb- bles.— Survey. Recorded for Woods Hole, on Bureau of Fisheries pier; Vineyard Haven; Katama Bay, on piles of wharf; Nantucket Harbor, on piles; Nantucket cable; on weed floating in Vineyard Sound; Fort Phoenix (New Bedford Harbor); Round Hill Point. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis, 7533 bis, 7543 bis, 7547 bis, 7559 (on Eudendrium), 7563 bis, 7564 bis, 7593, 7611, 7612, 7614, 7615, 7616, 7619, 7622, 7630, 7636, 7639, 7640, 7643, 7644, 7645, 7656, 7659, 7660, 7664, 7666, 7667, 7670, 7671, 7676, 7678, 7679, 7681, 7689, 7692, 7697, 7699, 7700, 7702, 7703, 7706, 7707, 7724, 7729, 7730, 773D 7734, 773S> 7739- 774°, 774U 7742, 7743, 7744, 774S, 77S1, 7734, 7739, 77^°, 77 778a, 7783. Supplementary stations (1906) : 7367, 7633, 7708, 7709, 7723; (1907): 7381, 7718, 7731, 7739, 7761, 7780, 7783; (1909): 7627, 7634, 7643, 7659, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1, 5, 7, 8, 15, 16, 20, 32, 45, 51, 57, 64, 65, 74, 83, 87, 91, 108, hi, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 134, 141, 159 (com- mon on Bugula), 160 (few), 163 (abundant). Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 13 1. Family Eucrateid^. Eucratea chelata (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 710, 405; Osbum, 1912, p. 221. “Off Gay Head, 10 fathoms, on hydroids and ascidians.”— Verrill. Not noted in Survey dredgings, but taken on piles of a wharf at Vineyard Haven in some numbers, growing on Amathia dichotoma. 59§ bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Gemellaria loricata (Linnaeus) . Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 747; Osburn, 1912, p. 221. Nantucket. — Verrill. Well distributed in the outer waters of the region. — Survey. Crab Ledge, very abundant; off Sankaty Head, ESE., in 13 fathoms; ESE., in 20 fathoms; E. by S. in 24 fathoms; off No Mans Land, abundant. Verrill states that the Nantucket specimens “differ somewhat from the ordinary form.” Dr. Osburn thinks that this statement refers to the variety americana Lamouroux, which is common at Crab Ledge. Scruparia clavata Hincks. Osburn, 1912, p. 221. Crab Ledge, in 18 fathoms, several colonies growing on Gemellaria loricata; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms, on Bugula murrayana. Family Ceiaulariim;. Cellularia peachii Busk. Osburn, 1912, p. 223. Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms, a few fragments on Bugula murrayana. Not pre- viously recorded south of the St. Lawrence. 9 Aienipea ternata (Solander). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 711, 496 ( Cellularia ternata ?); Osburn, 1912, p. 222. Off Gay Head, “a species of Cellularia, allied to ternata.” — Verrill. Dredged by the Survey only in the outer waters of the region , on rocky and shelly bottoms. Taken a half mile SW. of Gay Head; in Muskeget Channel, 7 fathoms; Sankaty Head, E. by S., 24 fathoms, very abundant; ESE., in 20 fathoms, common; Crab Ledge. Scrupocellaria scabra (Van Beneden). Osburn, 1912, p. 223. Woods Hole harbor, in drift; Crab Ledge, on a few shells. Caberea ellisii (Fleming). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 711, 420; Osburn, 1912, p. 222. Mouth of Vineyard Sound, off Gay Head, 8 to 12 fathoms-; off Buzzards Bay, 25 fathoms. — Ver- rill. Crab Ledge; off Sankaty Head, E. by S., 24 fathoms, very abundant , ESE-, 13 fathoms, abundant; ESE., 20 fathoms, common; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms, com- mon.—Survey. Family Bicellariid-E. Bicellaria ciliata (Linnaeus). [Chart 30.] Osburn, 1912, p. 224. Occasional stations throughout Vineyard Sound, taken a few times at the mouth of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 7 to 15 fathoms, on sand, gravel, and shells. Also recorded from piles at Woods Hole, Vineyard Haven, and Nan- tucket. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis, 7564 bis, 7699, 7702, 7706, 7729, 7730, 7733, 7741, 7742, 7744, 7745. Supplementary stations (1906): 7567; (1907): 7780; (1909): 7660, 7668, 7671. Phalarope stations: 5, 68. Bugula turrita (Desor). [Chart 31.] Desor, 1848, p. 66 ( Cellularia turrita, sp. nov.); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 712, 311, etc.; Os- burn, 1912, p. 225. Abundant and almost universally distributed in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound; not recorded from Crab Ledge or other outlying points; dredged by the Survey in 1 to 19 fathoms, on all kinds of bottom, as well as collected at very numerous points along shores, on piles, etc.; frequently found at- tached to floating eelgrass. Fish Hawk stations: 7523, 7523 bis, 7524 bis, 7528 (few), 7530 bis (much), 7531 bis (much), 7532 bis (few clusters), 7533 bis, 7534 (abundant), 7535. 7535 bis (few), 7536 (abundant), 7538 (?), 7538 bis (very much), 7539 bis (few col- onies), 7541 bis (many), 7542, 7542 bis (several colonies), 7543 bis (?), 7544 (abundant), 7545 bis, 7546 (2 large clusters), 7547 bis, 7348 (many clusters), 7349 bis (few), 7550 bis (much), 7351 (abundant), 7551 bis (several colonies), 7352 bis (many colonies), 7533 (abundant), 7353 bis (very much), 7334 (many), 7554 bis (little), 7557 (many), 7558, 7559- 756o, 7361 (many), 7562, 7562 bis (few colonies), 7563 (many), 7563 bis (few col- onies), 7564 (many), 7564 bis (considerable), 7565 (many), 7563 bis (considerable), 7568, 7569 bis (1 colony), 7570 (few), 7572 (many pieces), 7574, 7375 (few), 7576 (several col- onies), 7377 (few), 7378 (several colonies), 7580 (few), 7581 (many colonies), 7582 (several clusters), 7384 (abundant), 7583, 7587 (many clusters), 7388 (abundant), 7589 (abundant), 7390 (few pieces), 7591 (many), 7592 (few), 7593. 7594 (several clusters), 7593 (many), 7596, 759s (few), 7599, 76x0, 7611, 7612, 7613, BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 599 Bugula turrita — Continued. 7615, 7616, 7617, 7618, 7619, 7620 (?), 7622, 7627, 7630, 7637, 7638 (?), 7639, 7640, 7641 (?)> 7643. 7644. 7645. 7646, 7656, 7659, 7660, 7661, 7662 (?), 7664, 7666, 7667, 7670, 7671, 7672, 7673, 7675, 7676, 7678, 7679 (abundant), 7680 (several clusters), 7681, 7682 (few), 7688, 7689, 7690, 7692, 7697, 7698, 7699, 7700, 7702, 7703, 7706, 7707, 7708 (abundant), 7709, 7710, 7717, 7718, 7719, 7720, 7721, 7724, 7725, 7727, 7728, 7729, 7730, 7731, 7732, 7733, 7734, 7735, 7 73*5, 7738, 7739, 7740, 7741, 7742 (much), 7743 (little), 7744 (much), 7745, 7749 (much), 7750 (little), 7751 (little), 7754 (little), 7755 (little), 7759 (little), 7760 (little), 7761 (little), 7763 (little), 7768, 7769, 7778, 7779 (little), 7780 (little), 7781, 7782 (little), 7783 (little). Supplementary stations (1906): 7525, 7537, 7567. 7633. 7723; (i9°7)'- 7526. 7S38> 7542, 7551, 7581, 7718, 7728, 7731, 7739, 7761, 7763, 7776, 7780; (1909): 7627, 7634, 7636, 7643, 7653, 7659, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1, 2 (few pieces), 3, 5 (few pieces), 6 (many pieces), 7 (many pieces), 8 (few), 9 (few), 12 (few pieces), 15, 16, (many), 22 (common), 23 (few), 24 (common), 32 (few), 35 (1 colony), 36 (common), 39 (abundant), 45 (much), 46 (much), 50 (small amount), 51, 52 (many), 53 (many), 55 (few), 58 (common), 59 (com- mon), 60 (few), 61 (?), 62 (many), 63 (many), 64 (much), 65 (many), 66 (many), 67 (many), 68 (many), 69 (several colonies), 73 (abun- dant), 74 (many), 75 (few colonies), 76 (few), 77 (few), 81 ( 1 colony), 82 (common), 83 (small masses), 85, 103, 105 (living), 108, no, m (few), 112, 113, 114, 116 (large quantities), 117 (many), 118 (common), 121 (common), 122 (few), 123 (few), 124 (few), 128 (common), 129 (common), 130 (abundant), 131 (common), 134 (common), 136 (common), 137 (abundant), 138 (common), 139, 140 (few colonies), 141 (com- mon), 142 (common), 144 common), 146 (few), 147 (few), 148 (common), 150 (common), 151, 152 (few), 154, 158, 159 (several clusters), 160 (several worn colonies), 163 (very abundant), 164 (few), 167 (1 old colony). Supplementary stations (1909): 79, 83, 131, 146. ? Bugula avicularia (Linnaeus). Verrill, 1879, P- I89,' Osbum, 1912, p. 226. Listed by Verrill as occurring from “Long Island .Sound to Spitzbergen,” but not noted by the Survey. Bugula gracilis uncinata Hincks. Osburn, 1912, p. 224. Vineyard Sound, at both ends (several records); dredged in 5 to 10 fathoms, on bottoms of sand and gravel; Mattapoisett Harbor; Nobska Beach, in drift material; shore of No Mans Land; floating in Vineyard Sound; Round Hill Point; Fort Phoenix; Nantucket cable. Fish Hawk stations: 7755, 7775, 7777- Supple- mentary stations (1906): 7723 (1907): 7776. Phalarope stations: 6, 161. Bugula cucullifera Osburn. Osbum, 1912, p. 225 (nom. nov.). A few small colonies taken at Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909. Bugula flabellata Thompson. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 711, 389; Verrill, 1879, p. 179 (Bugula Jlustroides); Davenport, 1891, p. 46; Osburn, 1912, p. 225. Vineyard Sound, 6 to 8 fathoms; on piles in Woods Hole Harbor. — Verrill. Identified from only two dredging stations of the Survey (Phalarope stations 24 and 60), though per- haps frequently overlooked; collected, like- wise, at Woods Hole, from Bureau of Fisheries pier; Vineyard Haven, Edgartown, Katama Bay, Nantucket Harbor; in all cases on piles of piers. Bugula murrayana (Johnston). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 711, 496; Osburn, 1912, p. 226. Off Gay Head, 10 to 20 fathoms. — Verrill. Crab Ledge; abundant off Sankaty Head, E. by S., 24 fathoms, common; ESE., 13 fathoms, abundant; ESE., 20 fathoms, abundant; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms, on shells and pebbles. — Survey. Family Membraniporimj. Membranipora cymbaformis Plincks. Osburn, 1912, p. 230. Taken at Crab Ledge in 14 to 20 fathoms and off Sankaty ESE., 13 to 20 fathoms; not uncom- mon, incrusting the stems of hydroids and of other Bryozoa. Membranipora pilosa (Linnaeus). [Chart 32.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 712, 406; Osburn, 1912, p. 228. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Common through- out both Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; especially abundant at Gay Head and Devils Bridge; dredged in 1 to 17 fathoms, sand and 6oo BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Membranipora pilosa — Continued. gravel. — Survey. Recorded also from Woods Hole Harbor, on piles; Nobska Beach; Vine- yard Haven, on piles; Lagoon Pond, on piles; Nantucket Harbor, on piles; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms, on shells; Cedar Tree Neck; No Mans Land, shore; sur- face of Vineyard Sound, on floating weed; Great Pond; Scraggy Neck. Fish Hawk station: 7533 bis, 7536 (on alga), 7557 (on eel grass), 7559 ? (on eel grass), 7560 (on Chondrus crispus), 7562 (on Chondrus crispus ), 7567 (on alga), 7374 (many patches), 7579 (?) (on Laminaria), 7581 (on alga), 7582 ? (abundant on Laminaria and on Chondrus crispus), 7584 (on Chondrus crispus), 7585 ? (on Laminaria), 7587 (abundant on algas), 7589 ? (abundant on Laminaria) , 7592 ? (on Lamina- ria), 7611, 7614, 7615, 7619, 7630, 7636, 7639, 7656, 7659, 7667, 7678 (on Polynices shell), 7685, 7701, 7706, 7708, 7710, 7718, 7720, 7721, 7722, 7723, 7724, 7728, 7739, 7764. Supplementary stations (1906): 7723; (1907): 7581, 7731, 7739, 7761, 7783; (1909): 7659. Phalarope and Blue Wing station: 1, 2, 3, 16, 32, 36, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 56, 57, 58, 64, 67, 74, 82, 83, 87, 91, hi, 116, 117. Supplementary sta- tion (1909): 83. Membranipora craticula Alder. Osbum, 1912, p. 229. Great Round Shoal fishing ground, in 8 fathoms, on shells and on Bugula murrayana. Also from Crab Ledge, Muskeget Channel, No Mans Land and Nantucket Shoals. Membranipora lineata (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 712, 406, etc. ; Osbum, 1912, p. 228. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Large colony, grow- ing on Laminaria, taken at Devils Bridge (Blue Wing station 46), in 2 to 3P2 fathoms, sandy bottom. Also dredged at Crab Ledge, in 15 fathoms, and collected at Woods Hole Harbor on Fucus, Vineyard Haven and Nan- tucket on piles; not common. Membranipora unicornis (Fleming). Osburn, 1912, p. 230. Dredged at the Great Round Shoal fishing ground in 8 fathoms, several fine colonies incrusting shells. Membranipora monostachys Busk. [Chart 33.] Osburn, 1912, p. 277. Vineyard Sound at scattered stations throughout its length; Buzzards Bay, at a few widely sepa- rated points; dredged by the Survey in 3 to 19 fathoms, chiefly on sandy bottoms; grow- ing upon shells, rarely upon algae, the egg cases of skates, or the carapace of Limulus. Re- corded, also, from Muskeget Channel and Great Round Shoal, from among drift on the shore of No Mans Land, and from Woods Hole Harbor and Nantucket, on piles. Fish Hawk stations: 7532 bis, 7533 bis, 7558 (on mussel shell), 7680, 7683, 7697, 7709, 7722 7727, 7777, 7779. Supplementary stations (i907): 7538; (1909).' 7659. 7660, 7671. Phalarope stations: 3,164. Supplementary sta- tions (1909): 83, 146. Membranipora lacroixii (Adouin). Osburn, 1912, p. 227. A fine colony, 6 inches in diameter, found by Mr. E. D. Congdon in the estuary of the Weweantic River, incrusting a stone, collected at low tide. This species not previously recorded for the American coast south of the St. Lawrence River. Membranipora tenuis Desor. [Chart 34.] Desor, 1848, p. 66 (sp. nov.); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 712, 420; Osbum, 1912, p. 231. Muskeget Channel . — Desor. Vineyard Sound . — Verrill. Common throughout Vineyard Sound; taken at frequent stations in the Bay, though apparently lacking in the central parts; recorded, also, from Muskeget Channel, in 7 fathoms, and Great Round Shoal fishing ground, in 8 fathoms. Stones and shells bear- ing this species dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on various bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7532 bis, 7533 bis, 7543 (on shell of Modiolus), 7545 bis, 7547 bis, 7659, 7666, 7678 (on Polynices shell), 7679, 7680, 7682. 7686, 7698, 7699, 7700, 7703, 7706, 7707, 770S, 7709, 7717, 7720, 7722, 7727, 7730, 7731, 7734, 7735. 7740, 774U 7749. 7755. 7759. 776o, 7766, 7767, 7768, 7769, 7774, 7775, 7776, 7777, 7780, 7781, 7782, 7783. Supplementary stations (1906): 7525, 7723, 7731; (1907): 7521, 7526, 7538. 7542, 7543. 7549. 758i, 77I8. 7766, 777°. 7775- 7776. 7780; (1909): 7624, 7629, 7634, 7636, 7653. 7659. 767o. 767U 7672. Phalarope stations: 2, 6, 15, 24, 68, 83, 109, 150, 152, 163 (common), 165 (few), 167 (few). Sup- plementary station (1909): 83. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 601 Membranipora flemingii Busk. [Chart 35.] Osburn, 1912, p. 231. Taken by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound, incrusting shells, stones, and occasionally algae, at depths of from 3 to 19 fathoms. Common at Muskeget Channel, in 7 fathoms; Crab Ledge, in 14 to 20 fathoms; off Sankaty Head, ESE-, 13 to 20 fathoms (V. N. Edwards, col.). Fish Hawk stations: 7533 bis, 7538, 7544 bis, 7683, 7723, 7726, 7748, 7768, 7770, 7775, 7776. Blue Wing station 46. Membranipora anrita Hincks. [Chart 36.] Osburn, 1912, p. 230. Taken by the Survey at a few stations in Vine- yard Sound, near both ends; also in lower half of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 7 to 15 fathoms, on bottoms of clear or muddy sand and gravel ; mainly incrusting shells and algae. Also taken in Muskeget Channel, 7 fathoms, Great Round Shoal and Crab Ledge. Fish Hawk stations: 7525, 7533 bis, 7723, 7725, 7749' 7768, 7770, 7776. Supplementary sta- tions (1909): 7636, 7643, 7653, 7657, 7659, 7660, 7672. Phalarope stations (supplementary, 1909): 83, 13 1. Membranipora tehuelcha (d’Orbigny). Osburn, 1912, p. 231. Common in Vineyard Sound, incrusting floating gulfweed; No Mans Land, on stranded gulf- weed. The only member of the genus noted upon gulfweed locally. Membranipora arciica (d’Orbigny). Osburn, 1912, p. 229. Crab Ledge, July 23, 1907, in 16 fathoms, two small colonies on shells; August 12, 1909, common on stones and shells. Membranipora arctica armifera (Hincks). Osburn, 1912, p. 229. Crab Ledge, in 16 fathoms, one colony on shell; August 12, 1909, several colonies on shells and stones. Family Cribriunid^. Cribrilina punctata (Hassall). [Chart 37.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 713, 403 ( Eschari - p or a punctata)', Osburn, 1912, p. 232. Vineyard Sound, common. — Verrill. Taken by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound, on stones and shells, but Cribrilina punctata — Continued. never abundant. Common, however, at vari- ous outlying points, e. g., Crab Ledge; off Sankaty Head, ESE., 13 to 20 fathoms (V. N. Edwards, col.); Muskeget Channel, 7 fathoms; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms; a half mile SW. of Gay Head. Fish Hawk stations: 7522, 7538 bis, 7544 bis, 7549 bis, 7582, 7585, 7717, 7723, 7726, 7748, 7768. Blue Wing station 46. Cribrilina annulata (Fabricius). Osburn, 1912, p. 232. Crab Ledge in 18 fathoms, July 22, 1907, a small colony; August 12, 1909, several colonies; Nan- tucket Shoals. Family Porintidzg. Porina tubulosa (Norman). Osburn, 1912, p. 233. Muskeget Channel, July 22, 1907, rare on shells; Crab Ledge, July 23, 1907, and August 12, 1909, rare on stones and shells; Nantucket Shoals. Family Microporelud^j. Microporella ciliata (Pallas). Osburn, 1912, p. 233. Taken yi mile SW. of Gay Head (a number of col- onies, on shells of Pecten magellanicus)-, east- ern end of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk sta- tion 7766 (one good-sized colony on a pebble); off Gay Head, at Blue Wing station 46 (several colonies on shells of Pecten magellanicus)-, western shore of Buzzards Bay, at Phalarope station 167 (a few small colonies on shells of various sorts). Likewise taken at Crab Ledge, in 14 to 20 fathoms, on shells and pebbles, at Great Round Shoal fishing ground, in 8 fath- oms, on shells, and at Nantucket Shoals. Never taken in large numbers. Microporella ciliata stellata (Verrill). Osburn, 1912, p. 234. Taken in eastern end of Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk stations 7521 and 7766; likewise at Crab Ledge, on stones and shells; common; off San- katy Head, ESE., 13 to 20 fathoms (V. N. Ed- wards, col.), common; Muskeget Channel, in 7 fathoms, scarce; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8fathoms, common; Nantucket Shoals. 602 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family Myriozoidte. Schizoporella unicornis (Johnston). [Chart 38.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 713, 312, etc. ( Escharella variabilis ); Verrill, 1875a, p. 41 (Hippothoa reversa),n Osbum, 1912, p. 236. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, Nantucket Harbor, oS Gay Head.- — Verrill. Abundant and almost universally distributed in Vine- yard Sound; perhaps equally general in Buz- zards Bay. Dredged by the Survey in to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. Recorded, also, from shores and wharves, throughout the entire region. This species may either incrust stones, shells, etc., in flat sheets, gradually building up thick masses; or it may occasion- ally form wavy ridges, projecting freely from the stems of alga; and hydroids. Particularly beautiful specimens have been taken by us, growing on Tubularia couthouyi. Fish Hawk stations: 7523 (?), 7524 bis, 7525 bis, 7526 (several masses on stem of dead hydroid), 753° bis. 7 53 1 (on Crepidula), 7532 (?), 7533 bis (?), 7535. 75 36 (abundant), 7537 (on Thuiaria), 7538 (on Tubularia couthouyi), 7538 bis, 7539 (many -layered mass), 7541 bis (?), 7543 (on shell of Modiolus ), 7543 bis, 7546 bis, 7549 bis, 7550 bis, 7551 (on Clidiophora), 7551 bis (?), 7552 bis, 7553, 7554 bis (?), 7558 (on mussel shell), 7559 (on Eudendrium), 7560 (common, pink or orange when fresh), 7562 (on mussel shell), 7563 (?), 7564 (?) (many- layered mass), 7564 bis, 7565 bis, 7567 (?) (many-layered mass), 7572 (?) (few on alga), 7577 (?) (on Mytilus shell), 7581 (on algae), 7586 (?), 7587 (many pieces, attached to Chondrus crispus and other algae; pink and coral-like in appearance), 7588 (many pieces, attached to Chondrus crispus and other algae; pink and coral-like in appearance), 7593 (many pieces, pink and coral-like), 7594 (?), 7595 (many pieces, pink, coral-like form), 7596 (few), 7611, 7612, 7615, 7618, 7619, 7622, 7625, 7626, 7627, 7628, 7632, 7633, 7635, 7636, 7639, 7640, 7644, 7645, 7646, 7648, 7655, 7656, 7659, 7660, 7664, 7666, 7670, 7671, 7672, 7674, 7675, 7676, 7678, 7679, 7680, 7682, 7686, 7688, 7689, 7690, 7692, 7693, 7697, 7698, 7699, 7700, 7701, 7702, 7703, 7704, 7706, 7707, 7708, 7717, 7722, 7724, 7727, 773°. 773U 7732. 7738, 7739. 774°. 774U 7742, 7743. 7744. 7745, 7746, 7747. 7749. 775U 7753 (?). Schizoporella unicornis — Continued. 7755. 7756, 7757. 775s, 7759. 776°, 7763. 7764. 7765, 7766, 7767, 7768, 7769, 7770, 7772, 7773, 7774. 7775. 7776, 7777, 7778, 7779, 7780, 7781, 7782, 7783. Supplementary stations (1906): 7525, 7527. 7537. 7567, 7633, 7745! (i9°7): 7521, 7526, 7530, 7538, 7543, 7549, 7551, 7581, 77i8, 7731, 7739, 7761, 7763, 7766, 7770, 7775, 7776, 7780, 7783; (1909): 7624, 7629, 7636, 7643, 7645, 7648, 7653, 7659, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 20, 22, 24, 30, 32, 36, 37, 44, 45, 46, 5i, 56, 57. 58, 60, 63, 64, 67, 68, 74, 76, 83, 85, 87, 91, 96, 108, 109, hi, 113, 116, 117, 118, I34, 137, 141, 144, 15°, 152, 156, 160 (few), 163 (abundant), 164 (common), 165 (few), 166 (few), 167 (abundant). Supplementary sta- tions (1909): 79, 83, 165. Schizoporella biaperta (Michelin). [Chart 39.] Verrill, 1875a, p. 41 ( Hippothoa biaperta)', Osbum, 1912, p. 237. Vineyard Sound, abundant. — Verrill. Taken by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; recorded also from Crab Ledge, Great Round Shoal, Muskeget Channel, No Mans Land (drift), and the Nantucket cable. Dredged in 3 to 15 fathoms, on various bottoms, growing on shells and stones. Fish Hawk stations: 7533 bis, 7544 bis, 7562, 7706, 7723, 7766, 7770, 7775, 7776. Supple- mentary stations (1909): 7624, 7629, 7643, 7645, 7648, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 46, 163, 167. Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 131, 146. Schizoporella auriculata (Hassall). Osburn, 1912, p. 237. Crab Ledge, July 23, 1907, in 17 fathoms, and at Great Round Shoal fishing ground, on the same date, in 8 fathoms (both times in small num- bers); Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909, several colonies; Nantucket Shoals. Schizoporella sinuosa (Busk). Osburn, 1912, p. 238. Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909, numerous colonies on stones. 0 Verrill described as a new species (1875, p. 41) a form of S. unicornis in which the position of the avicularum was reversed; i. e., pointing backward instead of forward. Dr. Osbum states that he has found colonies with the avicularia pointing in both directions and also exhibiting all sorts of intermediate positions. As no other distinguishing characters have been given, he regards reversa as a synonym of unicornis. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 603 Hippolhoa hyalina (Linnaeus). [Chart 40.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 713, 403, etc. ( Mollia hyalina ); Osbum, 1912, p. 235. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, abundant. — Verrill. Taken by the Survey in various parts of Vineyard Sound; less frequently in Buz- zards Bay and mainly at inshore stations; abundant at Devils Bridge. Dredged in 1 to 17 fathoms, on every sort of bottom, occurring for the most part on algae, but occasionally on hydroids, Bryozoa, shells, etc. Recorded, also, for Crab Ledge; Nantucket, in harbor, and at south shore; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms (very abundant on stems of hy- droids); likewise from various shores and wharves in the region, and from the Nantucket cable ; abundant on floating weed in Vineyard Sound. Fish Hawk stations: 7560, 7562 (on Chondrus crispus ), 7581 (on alga), 7582 (on Chondrus crispus), 7587, 7613, 7659, 7685, 7721, 7724, 7727, 7771. Supplementary stations (1906): 7723; (1907): 7526, 7581, 7783; (1909): 7627, 7671. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 20, 24, 30, 44, 45. 46, 47- 5U 56. 57. 63, 64, 67, 83, 91, hi, 163 (few). Supplementary station (1909): 83. Hippothoa divaricata Lamouroux. Osbum, 1912, p. 235. Vineyard Sound, near both ends, at Fish Hawk stations 7326 and 7723 (1906 repetition); like- wise at Crab Ledge in 18 fathoms. In all of these cases only small colonies of a few cells were noted. Cellepora americana Osburn. [Chart 44.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 714, 312, etc. ( Cel- lepora ramulosa); Osbum, 1912, p. 238 (sp. nov.). Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Abundant throughout the Sound ; scarce in the Bay; dredged in 1 to 19 fathoms, on very vari- ous bottoms, commonly attached to hydroids, algae, or Bugula. — Survey. Also in drift on the shores of No Mans Land and Nantucket. Cellepora americana — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7523(7), 7532 (many on Eudendrium), 7533 bis, 7534, 7338 bis, 7340 (few small masses on stems of Eudendrium), 7547 bis, 7330, 7337 (abundant on Eudendrium ), 7559, 7560 (on Bugula turrita), 7562 (abun- dant), 7364 bis, 7570, 7372 (on Eudendrium and Pennaria), 7574, 7576, 7579 (abundant), 7581, 7591 (abundant on Bugula), 7594 (very abun- dant*), 7595 (many), 7598, 7616, 7618, 7656, 7660, 7679, 7680, 7681, 7682, 7689, 7693, 7699, 7700, 7701, 7704, 7706, 7707, 7709, 7718, 7719, 7724, 7725. 773°. 773D 7732. 7733. 7734, 7739- 774U 7742, 7744, 7753(?), 7768, 7769, 7774, 7775, 7781. Supplementary stations (1906): 7537, 7567, 7723, 7745! (1907): 7526, 7538, 7549, 755 1 » 758i, 773D 7739. 7775- 778o; (1909): 7618, 7638, 7643, 7639, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 5, 6, 7 (few pieces)?, 8, 46, 51, 113, 160. Cellepora canaliculata Busk. Osburn, 1912, p. 239. Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909, one large branched colony, and two of the ordinary pisiform type. Family Escharid^. Lepralia americana Verrill. « Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 713, 420 (? Lepralia pallasiana ); Verrill, 1875, p. 415, pi. VII, fig. 4; Davenport, 1891, p. 47 (Lepralia pallas- iana); Osbum, 1912, p. 241. Unequivocal records for this species as follows: Western end of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7719; Buzzards Bay at 1909 repetitions of Fish Hawk stations 7657, 7668, 7671, 7672, and of Phalarope station 165; Woods Hole Harbor, on piles; Nantucket Harbor, on piles; Muskeget Channel, 7 fathoms; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms; Crab Ledge. (For other possible records see below.) Lepralia pallasiana (Moll).& Leidy, 1855, p. 9, fig. 23 (Escharina pediostoma); Osbum, 1912, p. 240. a This species and the following were undoubtedly confused by Verrill, probably in the Vineyard Sound report, and cer- tainly in his later papers, in which he refers only to L. americana after his description of that species. In the 187s paper, for example, figure 4 can be identified with certainty as L. americana; but figure $ of the same plate, which is without doubt L. pallasiana Moll, is referred to as representing “ the same without ootheca” as figure 4. The present authors followed Verrill in their earlier records for this report, and the two species were thus confused. Hence, unfortunately, it is impossible to present the distribution of these forms separately. The resulting combined records are given below. A few unequivocal records for each species are likewise presented, however. b Concerning the confusion of this with the preceding species, see above. Leidy undoubtedly figured this species, recording it from Beesleys Point, N. J. Dr. Osburn has found it in the drift on the north shore of Cape Cod; likewise in Vineyard Sound, where it is not uncommon, ranging from the low-water mark to the deepest parts. « 604 bulletin oe the bureau of fisheries. Lepralia pallasiana — Continued. Independent records for this species: Buzzards Bay at repetitions (1909) of Fish Hawk sta- tions 7645, 7648, and 7671, and of Phalarope station 83; Woods Hole Harbor, on piles; West Falmouth Harbor, shallow water; New Bedford, on piles; Cedar Tree Neck, along shore; Vineyard Haven, on piles; Muskeget Channel, 5 fathoms; Nantucket Harbor, on piles; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms; Crab Ledge, 14 to 20 fathoms (?). Locally, this is believed to be predominantly a shallow water form. Lepralia americana and L. pallasiana (combined records). [Chart 41.] Fish Hawk stations: 7557 (on eel grass), 7560 (on Chondrus crispus), 7587, 7611, 7614, 7619, 7656, 7664, 7678, 7681, 7690, 7692, 7700, 7701, 7727 , 7743' 7766, 7783. Supplementary stations: 7525 (1906), 7526 (1907), 7537 (1906), 7581 (1907), 7718 (1907), 7723 (1906), 7731 (1907), 7739 (1907)' 778o (1907)- Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 24, 36, 45, 51, 58, 63, 68, 76, 82, 83, n8, 159 (1 small colony). Lepralia pertusa ( Esper). [Chart 42.] Verrill, 1879, p. 193 ( Escharina porosa)\a Osbum, 1912, p. 241. Vineyard Sound, 8 to 12 fathoms, common. — Verrill. Scattered stations in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; 3 to 15 fathoms, growing on shells and less commonly on oebbles.— Survey. Also recorded from Crab Ledge and Great Round Shoal. Fish Hawk stations: 7522, 7533 bis, 7538, 7544 bis, 7549, 7717, 7723, 7726, 7739, 7770, 7775, 7776. Supplementary stations (1909): 7624, 7629, 7643, 7648, 7659, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 46, 163, 167. Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 131. Lepralia serrata Osbum. Osbum, 1912, p. 242 (sp. nov.). Recorded from a few scattered stations in Vine- yard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 6 to 15 fath- oms; Muskeget Channel, in 7 fathoms; Crab Ledge, in 14 to 20 fathoms; Great Round Shoal fishing ground in 8 fathoms. This species grows on shells, forming at first a rather smooth and later a very rough incrustation. Fish Hawk stations: 7521, 7546 bis, 7549, 7726. Supplementary stations (1909): 7636, 7668, Phalarope 83. Mucronella peachii (Johnston). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 714, 496 {? Discopora coccinea ); Osbum, 1912, p. 243. Vineyard Sound and Quicks Hole, very abund- ant.— Verrill. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound; likewise taken at Crab Ledge, off Sankaty Head, at Great Round Shoal and in Muskeget Channel. For the most part this species occurs incrusting stones and shells, occasionally on algae. Fish Hawk stations: 7538, 7546 bis, 7697, 7723, 7748, 7770, 7775. Blue Wing station 46. Mucronella ventricosa (Hassall). Osbum, 1912, p. 243. “Taken rather rarely at Crab Ledge, growing on stones and shells, at 14 to 20 fathoms.’’ Mucronella pavonella (Alder). Osbum, 1912, p. 243. Several colonies incrusting hydroid stems and stones at Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909. Also on shell of Modiolus modiolus , in U. S. National Museum, labeled “Vineyard Sound, 1875, station 4708.” Smittia trispinosa (Johnston). Osbum, 1912, p. 246. A number of colonies taken at Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909, on stones; also recorded from Buzzards Bay, near Penikese Island, at Fish Hawk station 7672. Smittia trispinosa nitida (Verrill). [Chart 43.] Verrill, 1875, p. 415 ( Discopora nitida, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1879, p. 195 ( Mucronella nitida)', Osbum, 1912, p. 246. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Abundant and almost universally distributed in Vineyard Sound; common, though perhaps less general, in Buzzards Bay. Dredged by the Survey at all depths and on every kind of bottom throughout the region, incrusting shells and stones. Recorded, also, from Woods Hole Harbor, on piles; Great Pond; Nobska Point and beach; shore of No Mans Land. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (?), 7523, 7524 bis, 7525 bis, 7528 (?) (on stones), 7530 bis, 7533 bis, 7534, 7535 (on shells and stones), 7536 bis, 7537 (?) (on stones), 7538 bis, 7539 (?) (on stone), 754i (?) (on stone), 7541 bis (?), 7543 (on shell of Modiolus), 7544 bis, 7545 bis, 7546 bis, 7547 bis, 7549 bis, 7550 (on Thuiaria and Euden- drium), 7551 (on Clidiophora), 7551 bis (?), 7552 (?) (on mussel shell and on stone), 7554 bis (?), a Dr. Osburn is unable to regard the Escharina porosa of Verrill as being specifically distinct from Lepralia pertusa (Esper). BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 605 Smitiia trispinosa nitida — Continued. 7558, 7561 (?) (on mussel shell), 7562 (on mus- sel shell and on Cliondrus crispus ), 7563 bis, 7564 bis, 7565 bis, 7576 (on Crepidula shell), 7582 (on Chondrus crispus ), 7586 (?), 7587 (on alg32), 7611, 7612, 7613, 7614, 7615, 7622, 7628, 7629, 7630, 7632, 7634, 7635, 7637, 7639, 7640, 7644, 7648, 7650, 7660, 7664, 7666, 7671, 7672, 7673- 7675. 7683, 7690, 7692, 7693, 7694, 7698, 7699, 7708, 7717, 7727, 7729, 7730, 7732, 7733, 7735. 7738, 7739- 774°. 774D 7742, 7744, 7745. 7746, 7748, 7751, 7753 (?), 7754, 7755, 7756, 7760, 7765, 7766, 7767, 7768, 7769, 7770, 7771, 7772, 7773, 7774, 7775, 7776, 7777, 7778, 7780, 7781, 7782, 7783. Supplementary stations (1906): 7525, 7537, 7567, 7633, 7709, 7723, 7745- 7748; (1907): 7521, 7526, 7530, 7538, 7542, 7543, 7549- 755U 758l> 773U 7739- 776i, 7763, 7766, 7770, 7775, 7776, 7780; (1909): 7624, 7629, 7643, 7645, 7648, 7659, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 16, 20, 24, 30, 32, 36, 37, 44, 45, 56, 58, 63, 64, 65, 68, 74, 76, 83, 85, 87, 91, 92, 96, 100, hi, 113, 114, 116, 117, 134, 135, 137, 144, 145, 147 (abundant), 148 ? (abundant on shells), 149 ? (abundant on shells), 150, 153 (?), 156, 158, 160 (few), 163 (abundant), 164 (common), 166, 167 (abundant). Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 131, 146. Smitiia porifera (Smitt). Osbum, 1912, p. 245. Taken with some frequency at Crab Ledge, in 17 fathoms, and at Great Round Shoal fishing ground, on shells and on the stems of hydroids and Boltenia. Porella propinqua (Smitt). Osburn, 1912, p. 248. Crab Ledge, and off Sankaty Head, not uncom- mon on shells and hydroid stems. Porella acu tiros iris Smitt . Osbum, 1912, p. 248. Taken by the Survey on various occasions at Crab Ledge and at Great Round Shoal fishing ground, incrusting shells and pebbles; com- mon. Porella concinna (Busk). Osburn, 1912, p. 247. Crab Ledge, incrusting stones and shells, 14 to 20 fathoms; not common. Porella proboscidea Hincks. j, Osbum, 1912, p. 249. Taken in abundance at Crab Ledge, Great Round Shoal, and off Sankaty Head ESE., in 23 fathoms; also at Nantucket Shoals. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks). ? Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 714, 419 ( Cellepora scabraa ); Osburn, 1912, p. 244. Vineyard Sound and Quicks Hole.? — Verrill. Taken by the Survey at several points in Vine- yard Sound and Buzzards Bay; common at Crab Ledge, in 14 to 21 fathoms, on hydroid stems; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, in 8 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7743, 7745; Phalarope station 1. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz. Osbum, 1912, p. 244. Thus far only recorded from two outlying points, Crab Ledge (common) and Great Round Shoal (scarce), in company with the preceding species. Rhamphostomella ovata (Smitt). Osbum, 1912, p. 245. 1 Vineyard Sound, 1875, one well-developed col- ony on shell of Modiolus modiolus; Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909, a few small colonies. Family Flustrellid^. Fluslrella hispida (Fabricius). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 708, 312, etc. ( Alcy - onidium hispidum ); Davenport, 1891, p. 49; Osbum, 1912, p. 250. Woods Hole Harbor, on Ascophyllum beds, abun- dant; Tarpaulin Cove; Cedar Tree Neck; Rob- insons Hole. Locally very abundant, incrust- ing Fucus and Ascophyllum, at low water mark; less commonly found upon rocks, or other objects; not recorded, however, from dredging stations. Family Alcyonidiid/E. Alcyonidium verrilli Osburn. Verrill, 1872, p. 289 ( Alcyonidium ramosum)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 708, 404, etc. ( Alcyonidium ramosum ); Osburn, 1912, p. 252 (110m. nov.). Eastward to Vineyard Sound, “often very abun- dant, attached to rocks in shallow water. ’ ’ — Ver- rill. This species is rare in the waters dredged by the survey, having been taken in only one locality, Phalarope station 37, at Sow and Pigs Reef, where two small specimens were found. °The Cellepora scabra of Smitt has been separated into several species, of which two are herewith recorded. While it is impossible to identify VerriU’s record with certainty, it seems probable that he referred to the present species, rather than to the following, which is less common and has not been taken in the inner waters of the Sound. 6o6 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. ? Alcyonidium hirsutum (Fleming). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 708, 404, etc.; Os- bum, 1912, p. 252. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. This species has not been identified in the Survey dredgings. Ac- cording to Verrill, it is found “living under the same circumstances as the last [A. hispi- dum ], and sometimes associated with it, both above and below low- water mark.” ? Alcyonidium gelatinosum (Linnseus) Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 709, 496; Osburn- 1912, p. 252. “A few small specimens, apparently belonging to this species, were dredged in the deeper parts of Vineyard Sound,” on red algae. — Ver- rill. Not identified in the survey dredgings, Alcyonidium parasiticum (Fleming). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 708, 404; Osbum, 1912, p. 251. Vineyard Sound, on rocky bottoms, at depths of a few fathoms, “forming thin crusts on algae and hydroids, which generally become coated with a layer of fine sand or dirt.” — Ver- rill. Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909; several colonies on hydroids; recorded also from two uncharted stations (7784 and 7785), which, strictly speaking, lie outside of the limits of the region treated in the present report (off No Mans Land, S. by YV., 29 fathoms). Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell. Verrill, 1879, p. 188 ( Alcyonidium rubrum)', Osbum, 1912, p. 251. “ Long Island Sound to Nova Scotia, common all along the coast.” — Verrill. Dredged by the Survey at the western end of Vineyard Sound, 13 to 16 fathoms; also near the entrance of Woods Hole passage; one good-sized col- ony taken at Great Round Shoal fishing ground, in 8 fathoms, on a shell. Likewise found in abundance, incrusting barnacles on piles in New Bedford Harbor, and not in- frequently occurring on the legs and carapace of Libinia, occasionally even in the branchial chamber. Family Cylindrcecim). Anguinella palmaia Van Beneden. Osbum, 1912, p. 253. Two colonies taken July 20, 1909, at a repetition of Fish Hawk station 7659 in Buzzards Bay. Previously recorded from this coast only at Charleston, S. C. Family Vesiculariid^s. Amathia dichotoma (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 709, 389, etc. ( Vesicularia dichotoma, sp. nov.); Osbum, 1912, p. 254. Survey records: Woods Hole Harbor, Katama Bay, Edgartown, Nantucket Plarbor; in each case growing on piles; not taken dining the dredgings. Verrill gives no specific local records for this region, but notes that it is a very common species, growing under a con- siderable variety of conditions. Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy. [Chart 45.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 709, 389 ( Vesicularia gracilis ); Osburn, 1912, p. 253. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Occasional records for Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; dredged by the Survey in 4 to 15 fathoms, on various bottoms. Recorded also from the piles of piers at New Bedford (abundant); Round Hill Point; Woods Hole; Vineyard Haven and Nantucket. Fish Hawk stations: 7533 bis, 7610, 7613, 7619, 7644, 7702, 773s; also 1906 repetitions of 7567, 7709, and 7723. Phalarope stations: 7, 65. Bowerbankia gracilis caudata (Hincks). Osbum, 1912, p. 254. Dredged by the Survey both in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk stations 7613, 7626, and 7760; also at 1906 repetitions of stations 7567 and 7723. Recorded, likewise, from New Bedford, on piles, sometimes com- pletely covering hydroids and algae; Woods Hole, on United States Bureau of Fisheries pier; West Falmouth Harbor; Vineyard Haven; Nantucket Harbor. ? Vesicularia familiaris (Gros). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 710, 487 ( Farrella familiaris)', Osbum, 1912, p. 255: Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Not noted in the Survey dredgings. Family Valkeriilpe. Valkeria uva (Linnaeus).0 Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 7°9> 389. etc. (Vesi- cularia cuscata)', Osburn, 1912, p. 255. Vineyard Sound, “found on hydroids attached to floating eelgrass, . . . also dredged in 6 to 8 fathoms, on algae, Sertularia argentea, and other hydroids. ’ ’ — Verrill. Not recorded in the Survey collection. “Miss Jelly (Syn. Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, p. 267-569) gives Vesicularia cuscata Linnaeus as synonymous with Valkeria uva. The genus Valkeria is distinguished from V esicularia by the absence of a gizzard. Since, however, none of the species taken by the Survey, which could, by any possibility, fall within this genus, have been found to be destitute of a gizzard, it seems probable, either that Verrill was wrong in placing the Vineyard Sound specimens in V esicularia cuscata, or else that Miss Jelly is in error in her synonymy. To allow, nevertheless, for the possibility of the species having been overlooked by us, we will include Verrill s statement, as above. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 607 Family Triticelud/E. Hippuraria armata (Verrill). [Chart 46.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 710, 405 ( Vesicu - laria armata, sp. nov.); Osbnm, 1912, p. 256. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; dredged by the Survey in 4 to 15 fathoms, on various bottoms. Likewise recorded by us from the piles of wharves at New Bedford (abundant), Woods Hole, Edgartown, Katama Bay, and Nantucket; also from Fort Phoenix. Verrill records this species from floating sea- weed. Bryozoa, undetermined. Fish Hawk stations: 7521, 7521 bis, 7522 bis, 7539- 754i bis, 7542, 7549, 7550 bis, 7551, 7553, 7572. 7575. 7578, 7579- 7581, 7583> 7584, 7586, Hippuraria armata — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7533 bis, 7611, 7613, 7619, 7639, 7645, 7690, 7730, 7732, 7742, 7744, 7766. Supplementary stations (1906): 7525, 7633, 7708; (1909): 7639, 7660, 7668. Phalarope stations: 5, 6, 15. Hippuraria elongata Osbum. Osburn, 1912, p. 256 (sp. nov.). Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, and Woods Hole Harbor, in the branchial chamber of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) and of the spidercrabs ( Libinia ), growing on the walls of the cham- ber and spreading over the gills, also on the back of Pinnixa. Taken several times locally. 7526, 7528, 7532, 7534 bis, 7535 bis, 7537 bis, 7538, 7553 bis, 7554, 7556, 7559, 7560, 7562 bis, 7567, 7569, 7588, 7589, 7591, 7592, 7596, 7603, 7604, 7605, 7606, 7607, 7608, 7609, 7726, 7737, 7752. Phalarope stations: 13, 25, 66, 75, 77, 85, 115, 123, 156, 157. Phylum ECHINODERMATA.0 Class ASTEROIDEA. Family Solasterid-E. Solaster endeca (Linnaeus). Sun star. Clark, 1904, p. 556; 1905, p. 1. Just enters the region at its northern limit; not uncommon at Crab Ledge. — Clark. Fish Hawk station 7608, at Crab Ledge, in 20 fath- oms, sand and gravel, 1 specimen, 3FJ inches in diameter. — Survey. Family Echinasteriiue. Henricia sanguinolenta (Muller). Red starfish. [Chart 47. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 719, 407, etc. ( Cri - brella sanguinolenta); Verrill, 1895, P- 2°5 ( Cribrella sanguinolenta); Mead, 1898, p. 703 ( Cribrella sanguinolenta); Clark, 1904, p. 555 (i Cribrella sanguinolenta); 1905, p. 3 ( Cribrella sanguinolenta). Woods Hole Harbor; Vineyard Sound, more com- mon in the eastern half; in Buzzards Bay, rare and restricted to inshore stations and to its mouth; common at Crab Ledge; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, particularly on bottoms of gravel or stones. This species is said by Ver- rill to reside particularly in the outer cold waters. — Survey. Henricia sanguinolenta — Continued . Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (several), 7522 bis (many small), 7523 (3), 7523 bis (few small), 7524 bis (1 small), 7525 bis (1 small), 7526 (several), 7528 (few), 7529 (few), 7530 bis (several), 7531 bis (few), 7532 (few), 7534 (many), 7534 bis (several small), 7535 (few), 7535 bis (several small), 7536 (several very small), 7537 (few), 7537 bis (several small), 7538, 7539 (few)> 754i (several), 7545 (many), 7546 (few), 7547 (many), 7547 bis (several small), 7548 (1), 7551 (few), 7553 bis (2), 7558 (many), 7560 (several), 7561 (few), 7562 (few), 7572 (few), 7588 (1), 7593 (2), 7594 (few very large), 7595 (few), 7604 (1 large), 7605, 7606 (many), 7607 (several), 7608 (few), 7630 (1), 7639 (1), 7666 (1), 7670 (many), 7671 (several), 7672 (several), 7676 (1), 7680 (1), 7688 (2), 7689 (several), 7690 (1), 7698 (1), 7721 (few), 7730 (1 large), 7731 (1), 7738 (2), 7741 (1), 7742 (4), 7743 (2)> 7744 (several), 7746 (1 small), 7748 0), 7757 (several), 7758 (many), 7759 (several), 7763 (few), 7764 (common), 7770 (1), 7771 (2), 7774 (1). Supplementary station (1909): 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (few very small), 3 (1), 5 (several), 6 (few small), 7 0 Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were indentified by Dr. H. I,. Clark. 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 5 6o8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Henricia sa ngui nolenta — Continued . (several), 8 (few), n (2), 12 (2), 13 (3), 15 (few), 16 (few), 20 (2), 22 (1), 24 (few), 25 (few), 27 (2), 28 (2), 30 (few), 32 (3 very small), 34 (3), 35 (1 small), 36 (3), 44 (2), 45 (2), 52 (2), 56 (1), 57 (few), 60 (1), 62 (1), 63 (1), 64 (1), 65 (1), 67 (1), 69 (2), 74 (1), 77 (many), 83 (1 small), 85, 86, 87 (small), 108, 112, 115 (several large and small), 128 (2), 134 (1). The eggs are deposited around the mouth and retained by the mother until the young star- fishes are able to take care of themselves. — Verrill. Larvae taken in the tow net May 10. — Bumpus. Breeds in the early spring. — Clark. Family AsTERiiD/E. Asterias austera Verrill. Clark, 1904, p. 555; 1905, p. 3. Common at Crab Ledge in 17 to 35 fathoms.— Clark. Dredged by the Survey in 17 to 25 fathoms, on bottoms of gravel and stones. Fish Hawk stations (all at Crab Ledge): 7603* (one, 2 inches diameter), 7605 (one, J^-inch specimen), 7606 (5), 7607 (one, J^-inch), 7608* (one, 2-inch), 7609* (one). Asterias forbesi (Desor). Common starfish (in this region). [Chart 48.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 718, 326, etc. (listed both as Asterias arenicola and A. forbesi, though the authors recognize that the two are probably identical); Verrill, 1895a, p. 206; Mead, 1900, p. 203; Clark, 1904, p. 552; 1905, p. 4; Sum- ner, 1910, fig. 20. Abundant and of general distribution through- out the region, from the adlittoral zone to the greatest depths of the B ay and Sound . Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 19 fathoms, on all kinds Df bottom. The abundance of the starfish is subject to great fluctuations from year to year, its presence or absence on a given spot being frequently determined by the presence or ab- sence of mussel beds. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (2), 7522 (several), 7522 bis (1 small), 7523 (2), 7523 bis (several small), 7525 bis (few), 7526 (several), 7527 (few), 7528 (few), 7530 (several), 7530 bis (few), 7531 (1 small), 7531 bis (few small), 7532 (few small), 7532 bis (1), 7533 bis (1 large, several small), 7534 (few), 7535 (several), 7535 bis (several small), 7536 (few), 7537 (many), 7538 (few), 7539 (few), 7541 (few), 7543 (1), 7544 (few small), 7545 (few small), 7546 (few small), 7547 (few small), 7547 bis (2 small), 7548 (few small), 7549 (few small), 7549 bis (1), 7550 (many), 7551 bis (4 large), 7552 (few small), 7SS3 bis (2), 7554 (1 small), 7554 bis (2), 7555 Asterias forbesi — Continued. (several), 7556 (many), 7557 (1), 7558 (few), 7559 (0. 756° (0> 756i (few), 7564 (many), 7564 bis (1 large), 7565 (few), 7566 (1), 7570 (4). 757i (several), 7579 (many), 7580 (1), 7581 (2), 7592 (many), 7593 (?few), 7594 (?few), 7595 (few), 7596 (1), 7608 (few), 7610 (2 small), 7612 (1), 7615 (many small), 7616 (several), 7619 (several small), 7620 (several small), 7621 (several), 7624 (few), 7625 (several), 7626 (x), 7628 (1), 7633 (1), 7638 (several), 7644 (1), 7653 (2), 7654 (several), 7660 (few), 7661 (several), 7663 (2), 7671 (many), 7672 (few), 7673 (15), 7675 (3)- 7676 (1), 7678 (0> 768° (2)> 768r (few), 7682 (several), 7687 (1), 7697 (1 small), 7699 (1), 7700 (large number), 7701 (several), 7702 (0> 77 03 (0> 77°4 (1 small), 7706 (few), 7707 (few), 7708 (few), 7709 (many), 7710 (2), 7717 (1) , 7718 (? young), 7719 (few), 7720 (few), 7721 (few), 7723 (several), 7725 (2 small), 7726 (sev- eral), 7727 (1), 7728 (2), 7729 (1), 7730 (1 small), 773 1 0 small), 7732 (several), 7733 (4 large), 7734(i), 7736 (0.7740(2), 7744 (2), 7751 (2), 7752 (r), 7753 (1 small), 7759 (many), 7760 (several), 7762 (several), 7766 (many small), 7767 (sev- eral small), 7769 (few small), 7770 (several small), 7772 (2 small), 7773 (1 small), 7774 (few small), 7775 (1 large), 7776 (many large and medium), 7777 (many), 7778 (common), 7779 (2) , 7780 (very many, large), 7781 (many large), 7782 (several), 7783 (very many, large and medium sized). Supplementary stations (1909): 7618, 7624, 7643, 7659, 7671. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (few), 2 (several), 3 (few), 4 (x large), 8 (1), 11 (1), 12 (1), 15 (2), 18 (1), 22 (2), 26 (1), 27 (3), 52 (sev- eral), 53 (1 piece), 59 (1), 61 (1), 62 (several), 63 (few), 64 (few), 70 (several), 71 (several), 72 (several), 76 (1), 77 (2), 79 (1), 80 (few), 81 (few small), 82 (several), 85 (1 small), 87 (small), 89, 98, 100 (1 small), 107 (1 small), 111, 113, 114 (fewsmall), 116, 118 (several), 119 (1 small), 120 (2), 121 (several), 122 (1 small), 127 (2), 130, 131 (few small), 132 (several), 134 (small), 135 (many), 137 (1), 138 (1), 141 (1), 142 (1), 145 (common), 147 (1), 148 (2), 149 (several), 150 (several), 158 (1), 161 (several small), 163 (1 small), 164 (1), 167 (2). Supplementary station (1909): 83. The height of the spawning season is reported by Mead to occur during the latter half of June in Narragansett Bay, though individuals with ap- parently ripe sexual products were found dur- ing the rest of the summer. The young are abundant in the Eel Pond during the latter part of the summer. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 609 Asterias forbesi — Continued. Food: Oysters, clams, mussels, barnacles, vari- ous kinds of gasteropods, worms, and Crustacea; occasionally smaller starfishes of their own species. — Mead. The starfish is of great eco- nomic interest as one of the most destructive enemies of the oyster. Asterias tenera Stimpson. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 719 ( Leptasterias eompta); Verrill, 1895a, p. 209 ( Leptasterias compta), p. 210 (L. tenera ); Clark, 1904, p. 554! 1905. P- 4- Abundant in the cold areas south of Rhode Island and Marthas Vineyard, in 20 to 50 fath- oms.— Verrill. Very common off Sankaty Head. — Clark. Fish Hawk station 7609*, at Crab Ledge in 25 fathoms. — Survey. Said to be without metamorphosis, the young being cared for by the mother, to which they are attached. — Clark. Asterias vulgaris Verrill. Northern starfish; pur- ple starfish. [Chart 49.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 718, 389, etc.; Ver- rill, 1895a, p. 207; Mead, 1900, p. 203-224; Clark, 1904, p. 553; 1905, p. 4; Sumner, 1910, fig. 21. Near entrance of Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head. — Verrill. Woods Hole Harbor, occa- sional; Gay Head; Cuttyhunk; Crab Ledge; Sankaty Head. — Clark. Dredged by the Sur- vey in Vineyard Sound, chiefly western half; Crab Ledge (common); rare in Buzzards Bay and probably restricted to the lower end; 3 to 25 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, stones, or shells; not common in mud. At Gay Head they have been taken from piles. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (1 large, several small), 7541 (1), 7545 (1 medium sized), 7546 Class OPH Family OpiiiuriD/E. Ophioderma brevispina (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 719, 363, etc. ( Ophiura olivacea ); Bumpus, 1898b, p. 857 ( Opkiura brevispina) Clark, 1904, p. 558; 1905, p. 5 ( Ophiura brevispina). Woods Hole, Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, not common; found among eelgrass on sandy shores, especially in tide pools, in sheltered localities. — Verrill. North Falmouth Harbor, Marion, New Bedford; Buzzards Bay, the northern limit. — Clark. West Falmouth; a fragment from Hadley Harbor.— G. M. Gray. Asterias vulgaris — Continued. bis (1 large), 7547 (1), 7547 bis (1 large), 7552 bis (2), 7553 (several), 7556 (few), 7557 (1) 7558 (many), 7561 (several), 7562 (several), 7564 (abundant), 7567 (few, very small), 7569 (1 small), 7570 (1), 7572 (2), 7579 (few), 7581 (about 10), 7582 (few), 7583 (few), 7584 (few), 758S (2)- 7586 i1)’ 7588 C1 small), 7591 (1), 7592 (many), 7593 (few), 7594* (few), 7595 (few), 7596 (several), 7599 (many), 7600 (few), 7601 (1), 7602 (1), 7603 (few), 7604 (2), 7605, 7606 (few), 7607 (1 small), 7608 (several), 7609* (few), 7627 (? 1), 7638 (? several), 7645 (? 1), 7648 (? 2 small), 7657 (? x large), 7670 (several large), 7671 (4), 7672 (1), 7676 (4), 7678 (per- haps 80, mostly large), 7679 (several), 7680 (several), 7681 (many), 7686 (2), 7689 (several small), 7690 (small), 7699 (2), 7700 (many), 7701 (many), 7702 (many), 7703 (few), 7706 (many), 7707 (few), 7708 (few), 7709 (many), 7717 (few), 7719 (few), 7720 (few), 7721 (few), 7722 (few), 7723 (1), 7724 (several, medium sized), 7725 (1), 7726 (several), 7727 (3), 7728 (1 large, several small), 7730 (2), 7731 (6), 7732 (1 large), 7733 (2 large, living), 7734 (1), 7735 (1), 7736 (several), 7737 (1 small), 7741 (3). Supplementary station (1909): 7672 (several small). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 5 (1), 27 (1 adult), 32 (1 very small), 35 (r small), 44 (sev- eral large and small), 45 (2), 46 (2), 52 (several), 55 (x)> 56(1). 57 (several), 58 (many small), 59 (few), 64 (few), 65 (1 small), 77 (1), 83 (x small), 86 (2 small), 87 (several), 111 (small), 116. Supplementary station (1909): 83. Young taken in August at Gay Head and other points. — Clark. Ophioderma brevispina — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7644 ( ? 1 arm), 7650 (2 arms, identified by W. L- Sperry). Begins to breed the second week in July. — Grave, cited by Bumpus. Family OphioeEpididvE. Ophiura robusta (Ayres). Clark, 1904, p. 558; 1905, p. 5 ( Ophioglypha robusta). A northern form, just entering the region; taken at Crab Ledge, 17 fathoms. 6io BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family Amphiurid^. Ophiopholis aeuleata (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 719, 400, etc.; Clark, 1904, p. 559; 1905, p. 6. Off Gay Head, 6 to 8 fathoms, rare.— Verrill. According to H. L- Clark (1904), this species is “regarded as a rarity south of Cape Cod ; ” he at one time expressed the belief that “the reported cases of its occurrence in Vineyard Sound are almost certainly cases of mistaken identifica- tion. ” Recorded from six of the seven Survey stations at Crab Ledge; likewise from at least one station in Vineyard Sound (probably Fish Hawk station 7570), a specimen from which was thus identified by Dr. Clark. Another undoubted specimen of the same species was dredged by the Marine Biological Laboratory steamer Cayadetta at the mouth of Vineyard Sound in September, 1909. Fish Hawk stations: 7603 (3, the largest 4 or 5 inches in diameter)*, 7605, 7606 (several small), 7607 (several small), 7608 (many small)*, 7609 (4)*; also at 7570 ? (see above) and perhaps from other stations in Vineyard Sound.® Reported by both Verrill and Clark as being eaten in large numbers by cod. Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje). [Chart 50.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 720, 420, etc. (Am- phipholis elegans ); Clark, 1904, p. 539; 1905, p. 6. Vineyard Sound, occasional. — Verrill. Vine- yard Sound, common, especially just east of Nobska; Ram Island, Eel Pond, Crab Ledge, Sankaty Head; rocky or shelly bottom, gen- erally in cavities and interstices; “the com- monest and most widely distributed of the ophiurans in the Woods Hole region.” — Clark. Fairly frequent throughout Vineyard Sound; Buzzards Bay, at a number of stations; dredged in 4 to 15 fathoms, on various bottoms. — Sur- Amphi pholis squamata — Continued. vey. Hadley Harbor, on side toward Vine- yard Sound; head of Great Harbor, Woods Hole.— G. M. Gray. Fish Hawk stations: 6 7521 bis (?)*, 7537 bis (sev- eral small)*, 7538 bis*, 7560(1 small)*, 7564(1. 1 inch across)*, 7571 (1), 7581 (2), 7628 (1), 7672, 7674 (about 10), 7699*, 7703*, 7707*, 7730*, 7743*- 7744*> 778° (?)*; Supplementary sta- tions (1907): 7780 (1)*; (1909): 7671 (1). Phalarope stations: b 55 (2), 116*, 118. Viviparous. In July and August the adults nearly always contain eggs and young. — Clark. Amphioplus abdita (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 720, 433 ( Amphiura abdita)', Clark, 1908; Sumner, 1908, p. 319. Near Nobska Point and western shore of Buz- zards Bay. One arm taken at each of the fol- lowing stations: Fish Hawk 7776* (repetition made Aug. 6, 1907), Phalarope stations 163* and 167*. — Survey. Ram Island*, Aug., 1907 (col- lected by G. M. Gray). Not listed by Verrill for any point within this region. According to the latter author this brittle star “buries itself deeply beneath the surface of the soft mud, and projects one or more of the long arms par- tially above the surface of the mud;” hence it is seldom dredged entire. Family Gorgonocepiiaud.f,. Gorgonocephalus agassizii (Stimpson). Basket-fish, “spider.” Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 722 (Astrophyion agassizii): Clark, 1904, p. 561; 1905, p. 7. “First described from a specimen obtained ‘not far from the shoals of Nantucket,’ by Gov- ernor John Winthrop, in 1670 and 1671 . . . under the name of ‘ basket fish ’ or ‘ net fish . ’ ” — • Verrill. Crab Ledge. — Verrill, after V. N. Edwards; H. L. Clark; Survey. Ophiuroids , unidentified (probably for the most part Amphipholis squamata). Fish Hawk stations: 7532 (1), 7536 (1), 7547 (1), 7552 (1, very small), 7564 (1 small), 7568 (1), 7573 (1 small), 7582 (1), 7599 (several), 7615 (1 small), 7633 (1 arm),c 7657 (1 arm), 7660 (1 arm). Supplementary station (1909) : 7643 (1 arm). Phalarope stations: 1 (1), 2 (1), 3, 8, 9 (fragment), 26, 28, 29, 81, no (1), 132, 146 (2). ° Specimens from stations 7605, 7606, and 7607 (Crab Ledge) were identified in the field, but not saved for later examination. Hence the identity of these is somewhat doubtful, but not that of those from the other stations. Owing to a confusion of the records, we are not certain from which of the Vineyard Sound stations the single undoubted Survey specimen came. Some others, which were listed in the field under this name, were later found to be referable to the next species. b Here, also, probably belong most of the specimens listed as “Ophiuroids, unidentified.” c Perhaps Amphioplus abdita (Verrill). — H. L Clark. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Class ECHINOIDEA. Family StrongylocEntrotid^. Strong)’ locentrotus droebachiensis (Muller). Green sea urchin. [Chart 51.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 716, 326, etc; Clark, 1904, p. 563; 1905, p. 7; Sumner, 1910, fig. 19. Mouth of Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head; off West Chop. — Verrill. Crab Ledge, common; off Sankaty Head, abundant. — Clark. Com- mon in Vineyard Sound, chiefly near western end; appears to be absent from Buzzards Bay, except near mouth; dredged on all sorts of bottoms except muddy ones, chiefly at depths of 10 fathoms or more. — Survey. Likewise taken at low water, according to Verrill, on the outer, rocky shores. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (2 very small), 7531 bis (1 small), 7534 bis (1 small, living), 7536 (1 small), 7537 bis (1 small), 7545 (1 small), 7547 (1 small), 7556 (1), 7556 bis (? 1 shell), 7561 (several), 7564 (2 large), 7582 (several), 7585 (1 large), 7592 (1 large), 7593 (1 small), 7603 (2 small), 7604 (several very small), 7605 (2 small), 7606 (many.small), 7607 (several small), 7608 (few small), 7609 (1 small), 7663 (1), 7678 (1 living), 7679 (1 spine), 7680 (1 large living, and fragments), 7681 (many), 7695 (few spines), 7696 (spines and fragments), 7699 (few spines), 7700 (few spines), 7701 (few spines), 7702 (1 living), 7703 (few spines), 7704 (1 spine), 7705 (few spines), 7706 (1 small living), 7718 (1 small), 7719 (few spines), 7720 (1 large living and spines), 7723 (1), 7752 (1 spine). Phalarope stations: 25 (2 small), 32 (1 living), 34 (1 living), 52 (several living), 58 (spines), 59 (few small), 116 (1 living). Food: Diatoms and other small algae; also dead fishes. — Verrill. Family ArbaciidaS. Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck). Common sea urchin; purple sea urchin. [Chart 52.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 717, 326, etc.; Clark, 1904, p. 563; 1905, p. 8; Bumpus, 189S b; Sum- ner, T910, fig. 18. In Vineyard Sound generally distributed, except at western end; in Buzzards Bay chiefly con- fined to inshore stations, particularly along the eastern shore; living specimens dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones; spines and fragments more generally distributed. — Survey. Found, likewise, cling- ing to submerged rocks along shore. Formerly fairly frequent in Woods Hole Harbor, even Arbacia punctulata — Continued. within the “basin” of the local pier. In its occurrence this species is scarce to abundant, being subject to marked fluctuations from year to year. Abundant in 1903, as dredging records show; living specimens very scarce during the following summer, though spines and fragments were frequently taken. (It is of importance to note in this connection that the winter of 1903-4 was an exceptionally severe one; see p. 114-116.) Dr. J. F. McClen- don, who collected large numbers of Arbacia for biochemical studies during the summer of 1908, reports that the greatest numbers were taken southwest of the spar buoy lying nearest to the lighthouse at Tarpaulin Cove, in water of 12 to 15 fathoms depth. They were col- lected most successfully by means of tangles, a bucketful being sometimes taken at once. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (fragments and spines), 7522 (many living), 7523 (several living), 7523 bis (1 spine), 7524 (very abun- dant, living), 7526 (2), 7529 (few), 7530 (abundant), 7531 (1 dead), 7531 bis (few frag- ments), 7532 (many), 7532 bis (few spines), 7533 (few, niany spines), 7533 bis (1 small, living), 7534 (numerous), 7534 bis (few spines), 7535 (few shells, many spines), 7535 bis (many spines), 7536 bis (many spines), 7537 (many, rather small), 7538, 7538 bis (spines and frag- ments), 7539 (few), 7540 (few), 7541 (few), 7541 bis (many spines), 7542 bis (several spines), 7543 (fragment), 7545 (numerous, living), 7545 bis (fragment of shell and many spines), 7546 (few living), 7546 bis (spines), 7547 bis (several living and fragments), 7549 (many living), 7549 bis (few fragments and spines), 7550 (fragments), 7550 bis (few spines), 7551 (few living), 7551 bis (1 living, several fragments), 7552 (few), 7552 bis (few spines), 7553 bis (few spines), 7554 (1 small, dead), 7555 (numerous), 7556 (few), 7556 bis (many fragments and spines), 7557 (1 shell), 7558 (many living), 7559 (few living), 7561 (about two bushels), 7562 (few living), 7563 (many living), 7563 bis (spines and fragments), 7564 (many living), 7564 bis (many spines), 7566 (many spines), 7567 (many spines), 7568 (many spines), 7569 bis (spines), 7571 (1), 7572 (few), 7575 (few spines), 7576 (few spines), 7577 (few spines), 7578 (few spines), 7579 (few spines), 7580 (few spines), 7597 (few spines), 7621 (1 small), 7624 (spines), 7628 (1 small), 7631 (few spines), 7639 (few), 7659 (spines and fragments), 7664 6l2 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Arbacia punctulata — Continued. (few spines), 7671 (spines), 7672 (1 small), 7673 (spines), 7674 (few spines), 7678 (1 living), 7726 (2 shells, and spines), 7727 (1 living), 7731 (spines), 7732 (1 fragment and one spine), 7733 (2 living), 7734 (few fragments and spines), 7735 (few spines), 7736 (few spines), 7738 (spines), 7739 (spines), 7740 (spines), 7744 (spines and fragments), 7746 (spines), 7748 (few spines), 7752 (spines), 7753 (few spines), 7755 (few spines), 7756 (few spines), 7764 (spines and fragments), 7766 (spines and frag- ments), 7767 (spines), 7769 (few spines), 7770 (spines), 7771 (spines), 7772, (spines), 7776 (1 small living and spines), 7777 (fragments), 7778 (1 small living, spines, and fragments), 7779 (fragments and spines), 7780 (spines), 7782 (spines), 7783 (1 shell). Supplementary sta- tions (1909): 7624 (several small living), 7629 (2 small), 7645 (few spines), 7659 (many small living), 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 5 (1 spine), 7 (1 spine), 8 (1 spine), 11 (1 spine), 13 (spines), 17 (1 spine), 40 (1 spine), 41 (spines), 42 (spines), 43 (spines), 44 (2), 45 (2), 52 (few), 65 (1 spine), 73 (few spines), 78 (spines), 80 (few), 81 (2 young), 82 (1), 83 (spines), 84 (1), 85 (1 spine), 91 (spines), 92 (spines), 93 (spines), 95 (spines), 96 (spines), 97 (spines), 98 (spines), 108, no, 117 (spines), 118 (several young), 120, 121 (spines), 123 (spines), 128 (living), 135 (few spines), 141 (spines), 149 (2 small), 154 (few spines), 162 (1 spine), 165 (1 spine), 167 (1 small living). Supplementary stations (1909): 79 (few spines), 83 (many spines), 146 (few spines). Yields ripe eggs during the latter part of June, throughout July, and a portion of August. — Bumpus. Dr. McClendon reports that Arbacia was “at the height of the breeding season” about August 1 (1908), and that “the ovaries began to degenerate about September 1.” Family Scuteeud^e. Echinarachnius parma (Lamarck). Sand dollar. [Chart 53.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 717, 362, etc.; Bumpus, 1898, 1898a, 1898b; Mead, 1898, p. 703; Clark, 1904, p. 564; 1905, p. 8. Generally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound; particularly abundant in the western third; in Buzzards Bay, with one exception, only found near the mouth, living specimens dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, generally upon bottoms of nearly pure sand. — Survey. Like- wise found on sandy shores at extreme low tide. — Verrill. Echinarachnius parma — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few dead), 7525 bis (several large and small), 7527 (few dead), 7528 (few dead), 7531 (few dead), 7532 (2 small), 7532 bis (1 small), 7533 (many, all sizes), 7533 bis (many, 1 living), 7535 (1 small), 7536 (1 small), 7536 bis (several small, dead), 7537 (1 shell), 7537 bis (few dead), 7538 (several shells), 7538 bis (few fragments), 7541 (few dead), 7541 bis (several dead), 7542 (many living and dead), 7542 bis (numerous), 7543 (many living and dead), 7543 bis (several), 7544 (several dead), 7545 (1 shell), 7546 bis (many small, dead), 7547 bis (several small), 7550 bis (few dead), 7551 (few), 7551 bis (1 living, few shells), 7552 bis (several living and shells), 7553 (few shells, 1 living), 7553 bis (few), 7554 (many living and dead), 7554 bis (several living and shells), 7556 (few dead), 7556 bis (many dead), 7557 (1 shell), 7558 (few shells), 7559 (several living), 7560 (several living and dead), 7563 (few dead), 7563 bis (few), 7564 (1 shell), 7564 bis (few dead), 7565 (few living), 7565 bis (few dead), 7566 (many of all sizes, living and dead), 7567 (few living and dead), 7568 (several living), 7569 (many living), 7570 (few), 7574 (few living), 7575 (many living), 7576 (many living), 7577 (few living), 7578 (many living), 7579 (many liv- ing), 7580 (1 living), 7582 (1), 7583 (several), 7584 (many), 7585 (many living), 7586 (few living) 7588 (1 small), 7589 (many living), 7590 (few), 7591 (few living), 7592 (few dead), 7593 (many living), 7595 (few living), 7596 (several living and dead), 7597 (few living and dead), 7599 (1 dead), 7600 (many living), 7602 (few), 7666 (1 small), 7674 (1 fragment), 7676 (2 living), 7677 (very many), 7678 (many living and dead), 7680 (several small living), 7681 (several living and dead), 7682 (few small dead), 7686 (few living), 768,7 (many small), 7694 (many small and large), 7695 (few living), 7696 (few living and dead), 7698 (few living and shells), 7699 (few living and shells), 7700 (very many living), 7701 (abundant, living and dead), 7702 (few small living and dead), 7703 (few living and dead), 7704 (many living), 7705 (few living), 7706 (many living), 7708 (very many living), 7709 (very many living), 7710 (many living), 7717 (many living and dead), 7718 (several), 7721 (few), 7722 (1 liv- ing), 7723 (1 living), 7724 (several very small, living), 7725 (2 living), 7726 (1 living, many small shells), 7727 (many living), 7728 (1 liv- ing, small dead), 7729 (several living), 7730 (1 living, 2 shells), 7731 (1 shell), 7732 (1 small BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Echindrachnius parma — Continued . dead), 7733 (1 small shell), 7734 (few shells), 7735 (2 shells), 7736 (several shells), 7740 (few dead), 7741 (1 small dead), 7744 (few small shells), 7750 (1 shell), 7751 (1 shell), 7732 (1 shell), 7753 (few living and shells), 7761 (few medium sized, living), 7771 (1 dead), 7774 (few shells), 7779 (2 small living, 3 dead), 7780 (1 shell), 7782 (1 shell), 7783 (1 shell). Supple- mentary stations (1909): 7660 (1 fragment), 7668 (few small living), 7672 (several small dead). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (2 dead), 3 (few, very small), 4 (1), 6 (x small, dead), 7 (few fragments), 8 (1 dead), 9 (1 shell), 10 (1 shell), 11 (1), 15 (1 living), 16 (dead), 18 (1 dead), 23 (several small living), 25 (1 dead), 26 (1 dead), 29 (1), 33 (several living), 40 (few shells), 41 (few dead), 42 (few dead), 52 (many), S3 (1 dead), 60 (1 small living), 61 (1 fragment), 62 (few dead), 64 (few small dead), 65 (1 very small dead), 66 (few dead) 67 (few shells), 73 (1), 74 (few small living), 83 (1 shell), 99 (1 dead), 101 (1 shell), 111 (1 small), 118 (1 shell), 122 (1), 163 (1 fragment). Supplementary sta- tion (1909): 83 (several small dead). 613 Echinarachnius parma — Continued . Eggs artificially fertilized as early as March 22; “ breeding abundantly ” early in April . — Mead. Continues to breed throughout June and the early part of July, and a limited number of eggs may be secured even during the later por- tions of the summer. — Bumpus. Large numbers of this species are consumed by flounders. — Verrill. Also by the cod. — Clark. Verrill states that the fishermen of Maine and New Brunswick prepare an indelible marking ink from the spines and skin. Mellita quinques perforata (Leske). Keyhole ur- chin. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 717, 427 ( Mellita pen- tapora and iestudinaria ); Clark, 1904, p. 565 ( Mellita pentapora); 1905, p. 8 ( Mellita penta- pora). Vineyard Sound, 5 to 8 fathoms, on sandy bot- tom; rare, and only dead specimens taken. — Verrill. Nantucket. — Agassiz, cited by Ver- rill. One taken in Vineyard Sound during summer of 1901. — G. M. Gray, cited by Clark. Not encountered during the Survey dredging. Class HOLOTHURIOIDEA. Family Cucumariid/E. Cucumariaf rondosa (Gunnerus). Sea cucumber. Clark, 1904, p. 566; 1905, p. 9. Off Sankaty Head, in 12 to 25 fathoms, several specimens taken. — Clark. Considerable num- bers taken on halibut lines by V. N. Edwards, in same general region during summer of 1906. Ripe gonads observed in August. — Clark. This holothurian is said by Stimpson to be very palatable when boiled. Cucumaria pulcherrima (Ayers). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 715, 420, etc. ( Penta - mera pulcherrima)’, Clark, 1904, p. 567; 1903, p. 9. Nobska point and beach, washed ashore, abun- dant.— Verrill, Clark. Buzzards Bay bathing beach, near breakwater, a number cast ashore in winter of 1903. — Gray, cited by Clark. Nearly all of the specimens recorded for this region were cast up on beaches after storms. Verrill concludes that they “doubtless live in the sand in shallow water a short distance off the beach,” though he also records their hav- ing been dredged at 4 or 5 fathoms. Mr. Gray likewise reports the occurrence of this species on Ram Island, where he has found it living Cucumaria pulcherrima — Continued. among the roots of eelgrass. A single specimen was dredged by the Survey near the west shore of Buzzards Bay, at a 1909 repetition of Phala- rope station 165. The reproductive condition of those taken seems to indicate that breeding occurs in the late winter or early spring. — Clark. Thyone briareus (Lesueur). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 713, 362, etc.; Mead, 1898; Clark, 1904, p. 567; 1903, p. 10. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, off Waquoit; muddy and sandy shores and bottoms; more common, however, in shallow water, off shore, on shelly bottom; 1 to 10 fathoms. — Verrill. Hadley Harbor, Waquoit, Cuttyhunk. — Clark. Vineyard Sound, in eastern third, a few sta- tions; two stations in Buzzards Bay; 2 to n fathoms, on bottoms of sand and mud. — Sur- vey. Fish Flawk stations: 7538 bis*, 7674 (1). Phalarope stations: 2 (?i), 3*, 9*, 156* (1 small). Collected by G. M. Gray in December and March as well as in summer. Full of nearly ripe eggs andsperm, April 24. — Mead. Probably breeds during June and July. — Bumpus. Apparently breeds in summer. — Clark. 1 614 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Thyone scabra Verrill.0 Clark, 1904, p. 568; 1905, p. 10. Rare; 5 specimens dredged by the Fish Hawk in Vineyard Sound in 1901 ; others taken by Prof. Bumpus in Narragansett Bay. — Clark. Thyone nnisemiia (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 715, 503 (Stereo derma unisemita); Clark, 1904, p. 569; 1905, p. 10. Verrill records the taking of one specimen by Packard , off Marthas Vineyard in 2 1 fathoms, on bottom of clear sand. A half dozen col- lected by Clark at Crab Ledge, in August, 1902, on sandy and gravelly bottom; also reported by this writer from Nantucket Shoals, off Gay Head, and in Narragansett Bay. Three specimens dredged by the Fish Hawk at Crab Ledge, July 23, 1907 (station 7838*); two others dredged in August, 1907, near sta- tion 7692*, at entrance of Vineyard Sound. (These specimens, according to Dr. Clark, “are remarkable for their elongated, slender form; stiff body wall; and comparatively few large pedicels. ”) A large individual, dredged August 15, 1908, at the western end of Vine- yard Sound, near Fish Hawk station 7719; several others on August 25, 1908, near Phala- rope station 33. Family Molpadiid^. Caudina arenata (Gould). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 715, 362, etc.; Clark, 1904, p. 569; 1905, p. 12. Woods Hole Harbor. — H. E- Webster, cited by Verrill. Clark notes the existence of a speci- men in the United States National Museum, labelled “off Cuttyhunk, iSpi fathoms.” Lower half of Buzzards Bay: 8 records; dredged in 6 to 13 fathoms, on muddy bottom; 1 record at mouth of Vineyard Sound, in ijpZ fathoms, sand. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7647 (1)*, 7658 (2)*, 7661 (4)*, 7669*; 7686 (1 fragment, identified by J . H . Gerould) . Supplementary stations (1907): 7647 (1)*, 7661 (1 fragment)*, 7665 (4)*; (1909): Phalarope 165 (1 small). fMolpadia oolitica (Pourtales). Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 715, 510; Clark, 1904, p. 570 ( Trochostoma ooliticum); 1905, p. 12 ( Trochostoma ooliticum). One doubtful specimen recorded, taken by Packard 15 miles east of No Mans Land (?) in 29 fathoms, sandy mud. Family Synaptidaj. Leptosynapta inhcerens (Muller). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 716, 361, etc. (. Leptosynapta girardii ); Mead, 1898, p. 704 (. Leptosynapta girardii ); Bumpus, 1898 c; Clark, 1899, p. 21-33 ( Synapta inhcerens)', 1904, p. 571 ( Synapta inhcerens)', 1905, p. 13 ( Synapta inhcerens). Vineyard Sound, Naushon Island, etc.; burrows deeply in the sand or gravel, near low- water mark. — Verrill. Woods Hole Plarbor, near entrance of the Eel Pond; abundant along shores of Buzzards Bay, about Naushon, Uncatena, and Nonamesset; less common on the sound side; occupying clean sand or soft mud, near, or at times above, low-water mark. — Clark. Vineyard Haven, near bridge; Tarpaulin Cove; head of Katama Bay, on western side. — R. C. Osburn. Eggs and sperms nearly ripe, April 24, 1898. — Mead. Probably breed during June and July. — Bumpus. “ Both species of Synapta breed during the spring and early summer. The sexual glands are well developed by the last of April, and individuals with ripe ova may be found well into August. About the last of June or early July seems to be the height of the breeding season.” — Clark. Leptosynapta roseola Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 716, 362; Mead, ' 1898, p. 704; Clark, 1899, p. 21-31 ( Synapta roseola)', 1904, p. 571 ( Synapta roseola); 1905, p. 13 ( Synapta roseola). Naushon Island. — Verrill. Buzzards Bay, in the neighborhood of Woods Hole. — Clark. According to Verrill the occurrence and habits are similar to those of L. inhcerens. Clark, however, notes characteristic differ- ences of habitat, stating that L. roseola “occurs on rocky or gravelly shores under stones or among the pebbles, and never in pure sand or mud. ” He adds that he has never found this species in the Woods Hole region “except where there was sufficient iron present in the soil to give it a decidedly rusty color.” For breeding season see remarks under preceding species. Perhaps not distinct from the European T.fusus — Clark. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 6i5 Phylum ANNULATA.“ Class CH/ETOPODA. Subclass POLYCHJJTA. Family Sylud.®. Syllis pallida Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 590, 453 ( Syllis , species undetermined). Vineyard Sound, at surface, a single specimen, not at first determined specifically. — Verrill. Eastern part of Vineyard Sound, in 10 fathoms, sandy and stony bottom (Fish Hawk station 7532*), a single specimen. Syllis sp. undetermined. Mead, 1898, records that a member of this genus was taken on several occasions in April, at Woods Hole, among hydroids and alga. Tetraglene agilis Verrill. Verrill, i882d, p. 368 (sp. nov.); 1884, p. 663. No Mans Land, in the evening at surface , Sep- tember, 1880; Woods Hole, August 4, 1881; August 5 to September 12, 1882. Eusyllis fragilis (Webster). Verrill, 1882b, p. 368 ( Eusyllis tenera)', 1884, p. 663 (E. tenera). Woods Hole, frequent at surface in evening, from August 2 to September 15, 1881 and 1882; also dredged in Vineyard Sound in 8 to 12 fathoms, among Bryozoa and Aniaroucium pellucidum. — Verrill. Vineyard Sound, near shore of Nonamesset, 4L2 fathoms, gravel (Phalarope station 1*), 1 specimen, on Styela partita. Trypanosyllis sp. undetermined. Eastern end of Vineyard Sound, 10 fathoms, stony bottom (Fish Hawk station 7768), among Amaroucium pellucidum .* This speci- men was unfortunately lost before being deter- mined specifically. Odontosyllis lucifera Verrill. Verrill 1884, p. 663. Vineyard Sound, “very common in the surface nets all through August and to September 15.” — Verrill. Vineyard Sound, near Nona- messet Island, 6% fathoms, sand and gravel (Phalarope station 2*), 3 specimens, in Cliona celata. — Survey. Common on piles among mussels, etc. — Moore. Syllides setosa Verrill. Verrill, i882d, p. 369 (sp. nov.); 1884, p. 664. Vineyard Sound, taken at the surface in the evening, July 22, 29, and August 15, 1881; August 3 to September 12, 1882. Syllides verrilli Moore. Verrill, 1884, p. 664, footnote (species undeter- mined); Moore, 1907a, p. 448 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole; taken along with Syllides setosa. — Verrill. Woods Hole, at surface, rare. — Moore. Pterosyllis cincinnata Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 590, 453 ( Gattiola sp.); Verrill, 1874, p. 394. Vineyard Sound, young specimens taken several times at the surface. Grubiosyllis websteri Verrill. Verrill, i882d, p. 370 ( Grubea ■websteri)', 1884, p. 664 ( Grubea websteri). Newport, 1880, at surface; Woods Hole, July 28 to September 12, 1881 and 1882. — Verrill. Common on mussel beds in shallow water. — Moore. Sphcerosyllis sp. undetermined. Verrill, i882d, p. 370; 1884, p. 664. Vineyard Sound. Pcedophylax dispar Webster. Verrill, 1879, p. 170 ( Pcedophylax longiceps, sp. nov.); i882d, p. 370 (P. longiceps)', 1884, p. 665 ( P . longiceps). Vineyard Sound, July 10, 1875; identity of species not certain. — Verrill. Central and eastern portions of Vineyard Sound, several records; 5 to 12 fathoms, on various bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7523 bis (1), 7768 (few). Phalarope stations*: 8 (1), 13 (1). Pcedophylax sp. undetermined. Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk station 7634 (1)*. Autolytus varians Verrill. Verrill, i882d, p. 367 ( A . varians, also A. mirabilis); 1884, p. 662; Mensch, 1900, p. 269. o Specimens from points designated by ar asterisk (*) were identified by Dr. J. P. Moore. 6i6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Autolytus varians — Continued. Vineyard Sound, abundant. — Verrill. Budding individuals may be found at any time of year, among hydroids on piles (particularly on Tubularia crocea), or dredged in and about Vineyard Sound. — Mensch. “It is not un- common to find it carrying five or six sexual individuals in various stages, one behind another.” — Verrill. The sexual worms are taken at the surface in the evening. Autolytus ornatus Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 170 (sp. nov.); i882d, p. 367; 1884, p. 662. Vineyard Sound, at surface, July 13 and August 28, 1875. — Verrill. Eastern end of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7768; 10 fathoms, stony bottom; one specimen*. Females filled with eggs taken in tow during the winter* (V. N. Edwards, col.). Autolytus cornutus Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 590, 397, etc.; Bum- pus, 1898; 1898a; Mead, 1898. Vineyard Sound , low water to 15 fathoms; “con- structs cylindrical tubes which are attached to seaweeds and the branches of hydroids.” — Verrill. Woods Hole. — Bumpus. Frequently taken with eggs, March, 1898.— Bumpus. Mead and Bumpus likewise record the taking of “Autolytus" with eggs, during the months of April and May (species not speci- fied). Dr. Moore states that the stock forms are especially abundant among hydroids on piles, the sexual zooids, at the surface in the evening. Autolytus emertoni Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 590 ( Autolytus , spe- cies undetermined); Verrill, 1882b (figure only). Vineyard Sound, females filled with eggs taken in tow during winter and spring. — (V. N. Edwards, col.) Family Hesionid.^. Podarke obscura Verrill. Verrill and Smith ,1873, p. 589, 319, etc.; i882d, p. 370; 1884, p. 665; Treadwell, 1901, p. 399. Woods Hole. — Verrill. Eel Pond, very abun- dant. Western shore of Little Harbor. — Treadwell. This species, though common enough along shore, among eel grass and under stones, is not recorded from the survey dredg- ings. The sexually mature form may swim at the surface at night, “in vast numbers,” according to Verrill. Podarke obscura — Continued. Breeding season from July 1 to about August 20; eggs laid in the evening between 7 and 10 o’clock; artificial fertilization possible, if the eggs have been naturally extruded, not other- wise.— Treadwell. Family Phyi.lodocid/h. Phyllodoce catenula Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 587, 494 (sp. noV.). Woods Hole, at surface, evening, July 3. — Ver- rill. Tarpaulin Cove, and several records in Vineyard Sound, 6 to 13 fathoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations:* 7547 (1), 7724 (1). Phalarope station 26 (3)*. Phyllodoce sp. undetermined. Phalarope station 81 (1)*. fAnaitis formosa Verrill.^ Verrill, 1885, p. 433 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, in shallow water; also taken at surface, August 1, 1881. ? A nail is picta Verrill. Verrill, 1885, p. 433 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 1882, in shallow water. Eteone setosa Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 588 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 6 to 12 fathoms, among ascidi- ans. Eteone robusta Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 746, 588 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, in abundance in September (V. N. Edwards, col.). Eteone, sp. undetermined. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 589, record that “a small and slender species was dredged off Gay Head, in 19 fathoms, in soft mud.” Eulalia annulata Verrill. [Chart 54.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 585 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Vineyard Sound, at both ends, occasional; Buzzards Bay, at one station near Cuttyhunk; dredged in 6 to 14 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones. — Survey. Also recorded from Vine- yard Flaven, on piles of a wharf* (R. C. Os- bum, col.). Fish Hawk stations*: 7689 (several), 7700 (2 young), 7702 (1), 7706 (1), 7718 (3), 7721 (2), 773s C1). 7739 (5). 7742 (1), 7744 (1), 7747 (1), 7749 (3). 775° (common), 7752 (several), 7757 ( 1 ), 7759 (several), 7768 (few). Phalarope station* 112 (1). 0 Dr. Moore regards this and the following species as “doubtfully distinct from A. speciosa Webster, which occurs from New Jersey to Eastport, Me.” BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 617 Eulalia gracilis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 586 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 6 to 14 fathoms, among ascidi- ans and hydroids. — Verrill. Vineyard Sound, at both ends, 3 to 12 fathoms, sand and grave 1 . — Survey . Fish Hawk stations*: 7699 (1), 7732 (1), 7737 (1). Blue Wing station 46 (1)*. Eulalia pistacia Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 584 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 6 to 12 fathoms, among com- pound ascidians. — Verrill. Vineyard Sound, chiefly at eastern end; Buzzards Bay, at one station; dredged in 4 to 10 fathoms, sand and gravel . — Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7699 (2), 7752 (several), 7768 (2). Phalarope stations*: 1 (2), 2 (several in Ama- roucium ), 3, 9 (1), 132 (4). Eulalia sp. undetermined. Fish Hawk stations*: 7521 bis (several), 7523 bis (1), 752S bis (i)> 7 S3 5 bis (1), 7543 bis (1), 7544 bis (x), 7632 (2), 7634 (6). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations*: 3 (1), 6 (sev- eral), 22 (1), 28 (1), 33 (2), 37 (3), 45 (1), 48 (1), 66 (1), 67, 77 (1), 126 (1). Eumidia americana Verrill.® Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 584, 494 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 8 to 12 fathoms, among com- pound ascidians. — Verrill. Vineyard Haven, 2K t° 3 fathoms*, 3 specimens; Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7564*, in 13 fath- oms, sandy. — Survey. Specimens identified with doubt by Dr. Moore were also taken in Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7522, and at Crab Ledge (station 7606). Family Polynoid.'E. Harmothoe imbricata Malmgren. [Chart 55.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 582, 321; Mead 1898. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Universally dis- tributed in Vineyard Sound; in the Bay, mainly restricted to the inshore stations; likewise recorded from Crab Ledge. — Survey. Dredged at all depths, and perhaps equally abundant on every kind of bottom; listed, also from piles and shores at a great number of points throughout the region. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (many small), 7522 bis (several), 7523 bis (several), 7524 (1)*, Harmothoe imbricata — Cont inue d . 7524 bis(i), 7525 bis(several), 7526(2)*, 7528(2)*, 7530 bis (2)*, 7531 (several)*, 7532 (1)*, 7532 bis (several), 7533 bis, 7536 bis (1), 7538 (4)*, 753s bis (0*. 7539 (3)*. 7547 (i)*> 7548 (4)*, 7549 bis (several)*, 7551 bis (3)*, 7553 (2)*, 7555 (4)*, 7558 (2 young)*) 7560 (several)*, 7561*, 7562 bis (1)*, 7564 (several)*, 7564 bis (several)*, 7570 (1)*, 7573 (1)*, 7582 (1)*, 7583*, 7599 (i)*> 7604 (young)*, 7605 (1 small)*, 7606 (2, one young)*, 7612 (3), 7613 (several), 7616 (1), 7621 (1), 7625 (3), 7628 (1) , 7631 (1), 7632 (2), 7634 (2), 7653 (2), 7656 (1 tube), 7667 (2 small), 7671 (2), 7672 (several), 7674 (1), 7675 (1), 7676 (1 small), 7677 (1 small), 7678 (several small), 7679 (1), 7680 (2) , 7682 (several), 7689 (several), 7692 (sev- eral), 7697 (1), 7699 (several), 7700 (1), 7701 (several), 7702 (3), 7703 (1), 7706 (2), 7707 (1 small), 7709 (common), 7718 (3 small), 7720 (1), 7721 (2 small), 7722 (several), 7724 (common), 7725 (1), 7726 (1), 7727 (1), 7730 (1), 7732 (common), 7734 (1), 7736 (1), 7738 (common;, 7739 (few). 7740 (1), 7742 (1) 7743 C1). 7744 (2)> 7746 (1), 7747 (1), 7749 (few small), 7750 (common), 7751 (several), 7753 (common), 7754 (common), 7758 (few) 7759 (several), 7761 (1), 7762 (several), 7763 (1), 7764 (common), 7768 (few), 7769 (com- mon), 7772 (1), 7777 (many)*, 7778 (several)*, 7780 (several)*, 7782 (several)*, 7783 (sev- eral)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (few), 2 (few), 3 (few), 4 (few), 6 (3), 8 (many), 9 (1), 11 (several), 12 (1), 14, 15 (several), 16 (sev- eral), 18 (1), 20 (1), 21 (1), 22 (several), 26 (several), 27 (few), 28 (several), 29 (1), 30 (several), 32 (several), 33 (1), 34 (several), 44 (2). 45 W- 46 (1), 47 (1). 48 (several), 52 (common), 53 (several), 55 (1), 56 (3), 57 (3) . 58, 59 (many), 62 (several), 68 (several), 71 (many)*, 72 (3)*, 78 (1 very small), 79 (several small), 80 (small), 81 (common), 82, 83 (2 very small), 84 (3), 85 (3), 86 (several small), 87 (common), 88 (1), 90 (1 small), 100 (several), 102 (1), 103 (2), 107 (1 small), 108 (several small), 109 (1), in (several), 114 (several), 115 (1), 117 (common, small), 118 (several), 122 (1), 123 (3), 125 (1), 126 (2), 128 (1), 129 (1 small), 131 (1), 132 (several), 134 (2). i37 (i)> *38 (3). !4i (3). 144 0). 145 (1), 147 (1 small), 148 (1), 153. a Eumidia papillosa Verrill and E. vivida Verrill (Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 584), which are recorded as occurring in Vine- yard Sound among compound ascidians, are regarded by Dr. Moore as doubtfully distinct from Eumidia americana. 6i8 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Harmothoe imbricata — Continued . Dr. Mead notes the capture of many females with eggs in early April. Some eggs which were removed from the body on April 12 were found capable of being artificially fertilized. Eunoe oerstedi Malmgren. Crab Ledge, 17 fathoms, stones and gravel (Fish Hawk station 7603*). Lepidonotus squamatus Leach. [Chart 56.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 581, 320, etc.; Mead, 1898; Bumpus, 1898a. Almost universally distributed in Vineyard Sound; much less frequent in Buzzards Bay; recorded from Crab Ledge. — Survey. Dredged in great numbers at depths of 2 to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom, though less common in mud. Collected from shores and piles almost everywhere. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (2 large), 7522 bis (several), 7523 (7), 7523. bis (few), 7524 (3), 7524 bis (1), 7525 (8), 7525 bis (several), 7526 (5), 7527 (12), 7528 (8), 7530 bis (several), 7532 (2). 7532 bis (several), 7533 bis, 7534 (2), 7535 (2), 7535 bis (few), 7536 (3), 7536 bis (i)» 7537(5). 7538(5). 7539(4). 7544(2). 7 544 bis (1) , 7547 (4), 7547 bis (1), 7550 (few), 7550 bis (2) , 7552 (4), 7553 (2), 7555 (2), 7556 (5 large), 7558. 756° (few). 7561 (few). 7563 (few), 7564 (many large), 7565 bis (1), 7571 (1), 7572 (few), 7573 (many), 7578 (1), 7580 (1), 7588 (few), 7606 (young), 7612 (1), 7613 (1), 7625 (1), 7630 (2), 7632 (2), 7634 (3), 7636 (1), 7644 (4), 7645 (2), 7653 (1), 7659 (several), 7670 (1) , 7672 (2), 7680 (2), 7681 (1), 7682 (1), 7689 (numerous, small), 7692 (several), 7700 (2) , 7701 (1 young), 7703 (several), 7706 (1), 77 J7 (i)> 7722 (4), 7724 (2), 7725 (1). 773°. 7732 (common), 7737 (common), 7740 (1), 7742 (several), 7744 (several small), 7747 (several), 7749 (few small), 7750 (common), 7751 (2). 7754 (several large), 7755 (common), 7756 (several), 7757 (common), 7758 (abun- dant), 7759 (abundant), 7760 (common), 7761 (several), 7762 (abundant), 7764 (common), 7767 (common), 7768 (common), 7769 (com- mon), 7770 (few), 7772 (several), 7778 (sev- eral), 7780 (several), 7783 (several). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (several), 2 (many), 3 (abundant), 4 (plentiful), 5 (few), 6 (3), 7 (several), 8 (several), 10 (several), 11 (several), 12 (1), 14, 15 (2 or 3), 17 (1), 18 (1), 20 (1), 22 (1), 24 (numerous small ones), 25 Lepidonotus squamatus — Continued. (numerous), 26 (several large), 27 (few), 28 (several), 30 (several), 32 (several), 35, 36 (common), 53 (1), 56 (1), 57 (1), 58, 62 (2), 64 (2), 65 (2), 66 (3), 67, 69 (few), 73, 82 (1), 83 (1), 84 (1), 85 (2), 86 (1), 87 (3), 96 (1), 100 (1) hi, 112 (several), 113 (2), 114 (several), 115 (1), 117 (several small), 118 (several), 123 (2), 124 (1), 132 (1), 136 (2), 137 (1), 138 (4), 144 (common), 145 (1), 148 (1), 152, 158 (1), 163 (1) , 167. Egg laying observed during last two weeks of April (Mead); first half of May (Bumpus); last week in May and throughout June (Tread- well). Eggs which have been laid may be artificially fertilized. — Treadwell. Lepidonotus sublevis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 581, 320, etc. (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Recorded from a few points both in the Sound and the Bay; dredged in 3 to 15 fathoms, on various bot- toms.— Survey. According to Dr. Moore this species is much more common in Buzzards Bay than in Vineyard Sound, though the dredging records do not indicate this. Fish Hawk stations*: 7527 (1?), 7530 (1), 7616 (2) , 7634 (1). 7664 (i)> 7 701 W. 7736 (x). 774° (i)- Phalarope station 165 *. Lepidametria commensalis Webster. Woods Hole and vicinity, Hadley Harbor, etc.; generally distributed and fairly common, liv- ing as a commensal in the tube of Amphitrite ornata. — Moore. Family Sigapjonid^. Sthenelais picta Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 582, 348, etc. (sp. nov.); Verrill, 1879, p. 167; Bumpus, 1898b. Vineyard Sound ; low water to 21 fathoms.— Ver- rill. Vicinity of Woods Hole, several sta- tions; 2 in the lower portion of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 4 to 10 fathoms, sand and gravel. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations *; 7527 (1), 7659 (1). Phalarope stations *: 2 (1), 7 (1), 10 (1), 113 (1), 117 (1), 120 (1). Bumpus records that “Sthenelais” (species not stated) has been taken with ripe eggs during the middle and latter part of August, and that these are capable of being artificially fertilized. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 619 Sthenelais gracilis Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 166 (sp. nov.; also described as S. enter to ni; not recorded locally). Western end of Vineyard Sound and Bay side of Cuttyliunk; 5 to 17 fathoms, sand. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7685 (several)*, 7687 (3)*. Phalarope station 102 (1)*. Sigalion arenicola Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 167 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound and off Nantucket; 10 to 20 fathoms, clean silicious sand. — Verrill. A specimen doubtfully so identified by Dr. Moore was taken at the eastern end of Vine- yard Sound, in 10 fathoms, on shelly bottom (Fish Hawk station 7546 bis). Family Aphroditid/E. ?Aphrodita aculeata Linnaeus.0 Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 580, 507. Off Gay Head, in 15 to 19 fathoms, on muddy bottom, common. — Verrill. Aphrodita hastata Moore. & Moore, 1905, p. 294 (sp. nov.). Nantucket, on beach after storm (type specimen and several others collected by Dr. Benjamin Sharp); No Mans Land, in lobster pots (V. N. Edwards, col.); dredged by the Fish Hawk in the deeper waters of the same region. — Moore. Gay Head * (G. M. Gray, col.). A specimen, presumably of this species, was taken on a trawl line, off Sow and Pigs Ledge, in March, 1909. Family Amphinomid^E. Amphinome pallasii Quatrefages. Woods Hole, August, 1903 *; carried in from Gulf Stream, on floating logs, overgrown with Lepas anatifera, upon which the worm feeds. Hipponoe gaudichaudi Audouin & Milne Edwards. Moore, 1903, p. 793. Woods Hole and Vineyard Sound, drifting in from Gulf Stream on logs bearing Lepas anati- fera; recorded for summers of 1903, 1904, 1906, being sexually mature when taken. Family Nf.phthydid.e. Ne.ph.thys incisa Malmgren. [Chart 57.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 583, 431, etc. ( Neph - thys ingens. The “Nephthys ingens” of Verrill is not that of Stimpson). Nephthys incisa — Continued. Common throughout the entire length of Buz- zards Bay; recorded but three times from Vine- yard Sound; dredged in 4 to 19 fathoms, mud and muddy sand. — Survey. Verrill ’s only local record, so far as we can find, referred to specimens from the stomach of a skate taken in Vineyard Sound. Fish Hawk stations *: 7540 (1), 7611 (many), 7612 (1), 7617 (several), 7618 (1), 7619 (several), 7623 (many small), 7624 (several), 7629 (1 fragment), 7637 (abundant), 7638 (abundant), 7640 (many), 7641 (common), 7642 (many), 7643 (many), 764s{i), 7646 (several), 7647 (sev- eral), 7648 (1), 7649 (several), 7650 (several), 7651 (abundant), 7652 (common), 7653 (com- mon), 7634 (common), 7655 (abundant), 7656 (several), 7657 (common), 7660 (many), 7661 (plentiful), 7662 (many), 7663 (several), 7669 (several), 7670 (1), 7673 (common), 7698 (1). Phalarope stations *: 52 (1 fragment), 78 (4 small), 79 (common), 80 (1 small), 84 (1), 143 (2), 159 (4), 160 (1), 161 (several), 162 (several), 164 (3), 165 (4), 166 (several). Nephthys ciliata Rathke. Fhlers, 1868; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 583. Edgartown. — Ehlers. Nephthys bucera Ehlers. [Chart 58.] Ehlers, 1868, p. 617, 632; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 583, 416, 348, etc. ( Nephthys bucera and N. picta). Vineyard Sound.— Verrill. Scattered stations throughout the Bay and Sound; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, chiefly on sand and gravel. — Survey. Naushon side of Robinsons Hole, on mud flat* (L. J. Cole, col.). Fish Hawk stations*: 7533 bis (1), 7556 bis (1), 7648 (1), 7667 (1), 7674 (1), 7686 (1), 7719 (1), 7720 (1), 7767 (1). Phalarope stations * : gg(i), 141 (1). Family NEREimE. Nereis pelagica Linnaeus. (Chart 59.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 591, 319, etc.; Sum- ner, 1910, fig. 6. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Of general occur- rence throughout bottom of Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay, almost wholly restricted to the shores of the Elizabeth Islands, near the passages connecting the Bay with the Sound. — o It is more than possible that Verrill here refers to the next species, though it is also possible that both are present. b Perhaps this is the species listed by Verrill as A . aculeata , or perhaps both are present. 620 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Nereis pelagica — Continued. Survey. Dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on bot- toms of sand, gravel, stones, and shells, rarely in mud; sometimes present in great numbers in the interstices of Amaroucium pellucidum. Recorded from piles and shores at a great num- ber of points throughout the region. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (1 small)*, 7521 bis (very abundant), 7522 bis (few small), 7523 (6), 7523 bis (3 large and several small), 7524 (3), 7525 (numerous), 7525 bis (many), 7526 (nu- merous), 7327 (abundant), 7528 (abundant), 7530 bis (several)*, 7531 (several)*, 7532 (nu- merous), 7532 bis (several), 7533 (1), 7533 bis, 7534 (2), 7535 (3). 7536 (several), 7536 bis (sev- eral), 7537 (5), 7538 (i5). 7538 bis (many)*, 7539 (6), 7540 (1), 7542 (4). 7543 bis (r). 7544 (18), 7545 (3). 7545 bis(x), 7547 (16), 7547 bis (several), 7549 bis (several)*, 7550 (few), 7550 bis (3)*, 7551 bis (many)*, 7552 (2), 7553 (5), 7555 (great number), 7556 (5), 7558 (many), 7560 (few), 7561 (many), 7563 (few), 7564 (many), 7564 bis (3)*, 7565 (few), 7565 bis (1 young)*, 7566 (many), 7570 (few), 7571 (many), 7572 (few), 7573 (many), 7576 (1), 7581 (1), 7582 (few), 7594 (few), 7595 (many), 7596 (1), 7598, 7599 (many), 7603 (several)*, 7605 (3), 7606 (3 small), 7607 (several), 7608 (8), 7672 (several), 7679 (several), 7680 (several), 7681 (2), 7682 (several), 7689 (numerous small), 7692 (several small), 7699 (small, common), 7701 (2 young), 7702 (2), 7703 (several), 7706 (several), 7707 (2), 7709 (1), 7718 (several), 7720 (2), 7721 (many small), 7722 (several), 7724 (1), 7732 (abun- dant), 7733 (1 large), 7734 (1 small), 7735 (1 small), 7736 (1), 7738 (several), 7739 (few), 7740 (few), 7742 (several small), 7743 (1), 7744 (sev- eral), 7747 (1), 7748 (1), 7749 (few small), 7750 (common), 7751 (common), 7752 (common), 7754 (several), 7755 (common), 7756 (several small), 7757 (several small), 7759 (common), 7760 (common), 7762 (several), 7763, 7764 (common), 7767 (few), 7768 (few), 7769 (com- mon), 7770 (1), 7772 (few), 7773 (few), 7780 (several small)*, 7781 (2 young)*, 7782 (sev- eral small)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (many small), 2 (common), 3 (abundant), 4 (plenti- ful), 5 (few living), 6 (few), 7 (3), 8 (many), 9 (1 large, others small), 10 (many), n (many), 12 (several), 14, 15 (many), 16 (2), 20 (several), 22 (several small), 24 (numerous small), 25 (numerous), 26 (many), 27 (few), 28 (several), 29 (several), 32 (abundant), 33 (several small), Nereis pelagica — Continued, 34 (abundant, small), 36 (common), 37 (many small), 44 (common), 45 (1), 46 (several), 47 (3), 48 (several, mostly young), 49 (several), 52 (several), 56 (abundant), 57 (abundant), 58, 59 (many), 60 (several), 62 (common), 63 (several), 64 (2)*, 65 (2)*, 66 (3)*, 67 (few)*, 68 (several), 69 (1), 73 (common)*, 74 (several), 77 (several small)*, 81, 82, 83 (1 young), 86 (small, common), 87 (common, generally small), 96 (3), 100 (common, mostly small), ior (1), X02 (2 small), 108 (several small), 112 (sev- eral), 113 (several), 114 (2), 115 (several), 116 (abundant), 117 (common), 118 (small, com- mon), 119 (2 young), 121 (1), 127 (several). Nereis arenaceodentata Moore. Moore, 1903, p. 720 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole and vicinity, during summers of 1902, 1903, and 1904; immature specimens were occasionally found among mussels and ascidians, mature ones common at surface on August evenings. — Moore. Eastern end of Vineyard Sound, at two stations; Bay side of Pasque Island; 5 to 7 fathoms, sandy bottom. — Survey. Fish Hawk station 7750 (4)*; Phalarope sta- tions: 3 (1)*, 83 (1)*. Nereis virens Sars. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 590, 317, etc.; E. B. Wilson, 1892; Bumpus, 1898; G. M. Gray, in “Biological Notes.” Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Recorded from shores at many points in the Sound and Bay; likewise dredged in 5 to 10 fathoms at Fish Hawk station 7556 (9 large specimens), and Phalarope stations 26 and 79. Mainly a lit- toral species, dwelling in muddy sand, though taken occasionally at greater depths; during the reproductive season it leaves the burrow and swims freely at the surface. G. M. Gray records that this species may be taken throughout the winter locally; that it appears in great numbers at the surface during its re- productive period in March, emerging from the mud or sand as the tide rises, and then disap- pearing again. Bumpus (1898) notes that on March 28, 1897, these worms appeared in such numbers at one point in Narragansett Bay that the water was “actually colored by extruded eggs and spermatozoa.” This worm is doubtless an important item of food with many fishes, and it is used exten- sively as bait by line fishermen. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 621 Nereis limbata Ehlers. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 590, 318, etc.; An- drews,'1892, p. 176; E- B. Wilson, 1892, p. 371; Bumpus, 1898, 1898b; Mead, in “Biological Notes.” Charleston to Massachusetts Bay. — Verrill. Woods Hole, at surface. — Bumpus. Survey records*: New Bedford, on piles; Fort Phoenix, beach; Wareham River, muddy bank, be- tween tides; rocky shore at end of Scraggy Neck; West Falmouth Harbor; Head of Lagoon Pond; Katama Bay at two points. (Collected by R. C. Osburn and L. J. Cole.) Wilson states of this species and Platynereis megalops that oviposition at Woods Hole continues “at least from June to September,” the most favorable time apparently being August and early September. He adds that “ the animals appear in abundance only on warm, still nights, and even tlien are rarely found unless the water has been quiet for some days.” Mead records the spawning of this worm at Wickford, R. I., May 31, 1899. Verrill expresses the opinion that this species “must contribute largely to the food of many fishes.” ? Nereis dumerilii Audouin & Milne Edwards.® Tarpaulin Cove; eastern end of Vineyard Sound (twice); Buzzards Bay (once); 3 to 10 fathoms, sand and gravel. — Survey. Fish Hawk station: 7525 bis (1)*, 7615 (1)*; Phalarope station 2 (1) *. Nereis sp. undetermined. Fish Hawk station 7560 (several small). Platynereis megalops (Verrill). [Chart 60.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 592’ 4°° ( Nectonereis megalops, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1879, p. 171 (Nereis alacris), p. 172 (Nereis megalops)', i882d, p. 370 (Nereis megalops)', 1884, p. 665 (Nereis megalops)', Andrews, 1892, p. 170 (Nereis alacris ); E. B. Wilson, 1892, p. 371 (Nereis megalops); Bumpus, 1898b (Nereis megalops). Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Inshore stations of Buzzards Bay, common; a few scattered sta- tions in the Sound; dredged by the Survey in 3 to 15 fathoms of water, on various bottoms; also dug from shores at Lagoon Pond, near bridge *, and from Katama Bay *. Fish Hawk station *: 7524 (2), 7525 (2), 7548 (1), 7724 (1), 7725 (3), 7740 (3), 7763 (1 large). Phalarope station *: 8 (1), 33 (1), 78 (1 small), 81 (1 male), 86 (1), 87 (common), 108 (several with ripe eggs), hi (common), 115 (1), 116 (1), 117 (common), 122 (2), 130 (several small), 132 (1), 140 (2), 141 (2), 149 (1), 165 (1 young). Platynereis megalops — Continued. The sexual form is also common at the surface during the summer. (See statements by Wilson, under Nereis limbata). As in the case of other species of this family, the immature and the sexual forms were at first referred to different species. The former, in the present instance, was the Nereis alacris of Verrill. Family Eunicidzs. Marphysa leidyi Quatrefages. [Chart 61.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 593, 319, etc. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Dredged at several stations in the eastern end of Vineyard Sound, and at several inshore stations of Buzzards Bay; 3 to 15 fathoms, on various bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk station *: 7521 bis (fragmentsof two), 7522 bis (1 fragment), 7525 bis (fragment), 7535 bis (1 fragment), 7615 (1), 7616 (1), 7672 (1 fragment), 7777 (? 1 small fragment). Phalarope station *: 1 0). 3 (i)> 10 (1), 1 18 (1), 147 ( 1 small). Lycidice americana Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 593, 508 (sp. nov.). Off Gay Head in 19 fathoms, soft mud. Family Onuphid^e. Diopatra cuprea Claparede. [Chart 62.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 593, 346, etc. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Tubes dredged in great numbers, on all kinds of bottoms and at all depths, throughout the entire Sound and B ay ; living specimens not once taken with the dredge. — Survey. Recorded from shores at Nobska Point, Bay side of local breakwater, West Falmouth, North Falmouth, Lagoon Pond, Katama Bay, Robinson’s Hole, Round Hill Point, Fort Phoenix. Fish Hawk stations: 7523 (1 tube), 7524 bis (1 tube), 7525 bis (few tubes), 7526 (several tubes), 7527 (2 tubes), 7528 (2 tubes), 7530 bis (1 tube), 7532 (several), 7532 bis (few tubes), 7533 bis (several tubes), 7534 (few), 7535 (few), 7535 bis (1 tube), 7537 (tubes), 7537 bis (few tubes), 7538 bis (few), 7541 bis (few), 7543 bis (2 tubes), 7545 bis (1 tube), 7547 bis (several), 7549 (numerous tubes), 7549 bis (few), 7550 bis (few), 7554 (1 tube), 7554 bis (several tubes), 7558 (several tubes), 7559 (1 tube), 7560 (1 tube), 7572 (1 tube), 7576 (1 tube), 7578 (many tubes), 7579 (1 tube), 7580 (1 tube), 7581 (1 tube), 7584 (1 tube), 7587 (1 tube), 7588 (few tubes), 7593 (1 tube), 7597 (1 tube), a The specimens here recorded may be a phase of A7. megalops. — Moore. 622 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Diopaira cuprea — Continued. 7598 (1 tube), 7599, 7605, 7612 (2 tubes), 7621 (1 tube), 7626 (several ends of tubes), 7630 (1 tube), 7632 (1), 7633 (few tubes), 7634 (few tubes), 7636 (few tubes), 7637 (few tubes), 7638 (1 tube), 7639 (several tubes), 7643 (1 tube), 7644 (few tubes), 7645 (fragment of 1 tube), 7652 (few tubes), 7653 (few tubes), 7654 (few tubes), 7655 (few tubes), 7656 (few tubes), 7659 (1 tube), 7660 (few), 7661 (few tubes), 7662 (several tubes), 7663 (2 tubes), 7664 (many), 7665 (several), 7666 (many tubes), 7667 (many tubes), 7668 (few), 7671 (few tubes), 7672 (few tubes), 7673 (1 tube), 7674 (few), 7675 (few), 7678 (several tubes), 7679 (several tubes), 7680 (many tubes), 7682 (1 tube), 7698 (several ends of tubes), 7699 (few tubes), 7700 (1 tube), 7701 (1 tube), 7702 (few tubes), 7703 (1 tube), 7706 (few tubes), 7707 (few tubes), 7719 (1 tube), 7720 (several tubes), 7722 (2 tubes), 7724 (1 tube), 7725 (several tubes), 7730 (1 tube), 7735 (1 tube), 7736 (1 tube), 7751 (several tubes), 7755 (several tubes), 7757 (2 tubes), 7760 (few), 7761 (common), 7766 (several tubes), 7769 (1 tube), 7772 (1 tube), 7774 (1 tube), 7777 (several), 7778 (several tubes), 7780 (several tubes), 7781 (several tubes), 7782 (several tubes). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (many tubes), 2 (many tops of tubes), 3 (tubes), 4 (few tubes), 5 (1 tube), 7 (many tubes), 8 (several tubes), 9 (common), 11 (several tubes), 12 (several), 13 (tubes), 15 (many tubes), 17 (tube), 19 (tubes), 21 (x tube), 24 (1 tube), 25 (1 tube), 26, 33 (1 tube), 35 (1 tube), 49 (1 tube), 52 (many tubes), 55 (1 tube), 59 (1), 60 (several tubes), 62 (many), 65 (1 tube), 69 (1), 71 (1 tube), 72 (1 tube), 73 (1 tube), 74 (few tubes), 75 (few tubes), 76 (many tubes), 77 (many tubes), 78 (tube), 81 (several), 82 (several tubes), 83 (few tubes), 85, 86, 91, 93 (1 tube), 94 (tube), 95 (fragments of tube), 96 (1 tube), 99 (1 tube), 100 (1), 101 (fragments of tubes), 102 (1 tube), 105 (1 tube), 107, 108, 109, 111 (1 tube), 113 (tubes), 114 (3), 115 (1 tube), 116, 117 (several tubes), 118 (many tubes), 120 (1 tube), 122 (1 tube), 125 (tubes), 126, 128 (tubes), 129, 130 (1 tube), 132 (tubes), 134 (1 tube), 139, 140 (1 tube), 144 (1 tube), 145 (tubes), 146 (2 tubes), 147 (1 tube), 148 (1 tube), 149 (few tubes), 150 (tubes), 152, 154 (many tubes), 155 (few), 156 (few), 159 (frag- ment of tube), 162 (several tubes), 165 (1 tube), 166 (1 tube), 167 (few tubes). Diopaira cuprea — Continued. Egg laying observed by A. L. Treadwell in an aquarium at the Marine Biological Labora- tory on evening of July 2, 1904; this is said to be rarely observed. For an account of tube forming and other habits, see Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 346-347- Nothria conchylegia (Sars). Crab Ledge, 20 to 25 fathoms, on bottoms of gravel, sand, and shells (Fish Hawk stations 7608, 7609)*, several specimens. This worm forms a flat, scabbard-shaped tube, constructed of bits of stone or shells, which it drags about with it. Family LuMBRiNERiDye, Arabella opalina (Verrill). [Chart 63.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 594, 320, etc. ( Lum - briconereis opalina, sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. In Survey dredg- ings recorded particularly from the eastern half of Vineyard Sound, and the lower half of Buzzards Bay, in 2 to 17 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, mud, and gravel. Taken during shore collecting at West Falmouth, Scraggy Neck, and Vineyard Haven. Fish Hawk stations*: 7521 bis (many small), 7S32 b>s (3). 7533 bis (2), 7538 bis (several), 7631 (fragment), 7634 (1), 7643 (3> 1 large). 7644 (1 large), 7645 (1 fragment), 7647 (sev- eral), 7649 (2), 7651 (2), 7652 (fragments of one), 7655 (3). 7656 (1), 7657 (1 fragment), 7658 (2), 7661 (1), 7669 (1), 7674 (2), 7678 (1 small), 7686 (1), 7697 (1 fragment), 7732 (several), 7737 (1), 77 38 (3). 7739 (few), 7744 (1), 7749 (few small), 7750 (very common), 7751 (common), 7752 (common), 7755 (very common), 7759 (com- mon), 7761 (several), 7764 (common), 7767 (very common), 7768 (abundant), 7780, 7782. Phalarope stations*: 11 (1), 62 (1), 73 (1), 124 (1 small). Reproductive season probably late in August; no ripe eggs have been noted earlier than August 10. — A. L. Treadwell. Arabella spini/era Moore. Moore, 1906, p. 501 (sp. nov.). “ Found among a lot of Ninoe nigripes Verrill dredged on the muddy bottom of the middle of Buzzards Bay, Mass., the exact spot being unknown.” Drilo nereis longa Webster. Webster, 1878, p. 40 (not recorded locally). North Falmouth, Kettle Cove, and similar places, rather common, on shores at low-water mark. — Moore. Two records in Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk stations 7642* and 7674*. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 623 Lumbrineris tenuis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 594, 320, etc. ( Lum - briconereis tenuis sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound; shores and flats of sandy mud. — Verrill. Recorded once by the Survey at Fish Hawk station 7642*, near middle of Buzzards Bay, 5 fathoms, mud. ? Lumbrineris fragilis Oersted. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 594, 507 ( Lumbri - conereis fragilis) . Mouth of Vineyard Sound and deeper waters out- side, on muddy bottom. — Verrill. Dr. Moore expresses doubt concerning the occurrence of this species locally. Lumbrineris hebes Verrill. [Chart 64.] Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; 5 to 13 fathoms, sand, gravel, and mud; taken at a few scattered stations. Fish Hawk stations*: 7525 ( ? abundant on Ama- roucium pellucidmn), 7526 (?i), 7527 (?6), 7528 (?3). 7532 (several), 7535 (1), 7538 ( ?7), 7540 (4). 7544 (2), 7545 h)> 7553 (i)> 7556 (2), 7637 (several), 7638 (several), 7651 (1 fragment), 7656 (1), 7674 (1), 7724 (1). Phalarope stations*: 2 (common in Amarou- cium), 3. Ninoe nigripes Verrill. [Chart 65.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 595, 508 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay and waters outside. — Verrill. Generally distributed throughout Buzzards Bay; but one record for Vineyard Sound; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, chiefly at depths under 10 fathoms, on bottoms of mud and muddy sand. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations* : 7558, 7612 (plentiful), 7613 (several), 7614 (several), 7618 (several), 7619 (several), 7623 (1), 7632 (1), 7637 (common), 7638 (plentiful), 7640 (several), 7641 (several), 7642 (several), 7643 (several), 7647 (many), 7648 (1), 7649 (1), 7650 (several), 7631 (com- mon), 7652 (common), 7653 (common), 7654 (several), 7655 (2), 7656 (several), 7657 (1 frag- ment), 7658 (common), 7661 (1), 7662 (several), 7667 (1), 7669 (1), 7674 (3), 7675 (1). Phalarope stations*: 78 (3 small), 107 (1), no (1), 117 (1), 162 (several), 163 (1), 165 (1). Family GvycERIDZE. Rhynchobolus americanus (Leidy). [Chart 66.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 596, 342, etc. Vineyard Sound, low water to 10 fathoms. — Ver- rill. Distribution pretty general throughout Buzzards Bay; only recorded from two points in the Sound; dredged at 4 to 13 fathoms, mud and muddy sand. — Survey. Rhynchobolus americanus — Continued. Fish Hawk stations*: 7612 (several small), 7617 (3 small), 7625 (1), 7631 (3), 7637 (1), 7638 (sev- eral), 7640 (several), 7643 (several), 7646 (sev- eral), 7647 (several), 7649 (3), 7650 (1), 7651 (3). 7652 (several), 7655 (1), 7656 (1), 7658 (1), 7660 (2), 7661 (2), 7667 (1), 7669 (3), 7675 (2). Supplementary station 7723 (1906). Phalarope stations*: 19, 160 (1). Verrill records the taking of the young in tow in early September. Glycera capitata Oersted. Crab Ledge, 17 fathoms, gravel (Fish Hawk sta- tion 7605)*, 2 specimens. Euglycera dibranchiata (Ehlers). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 596, 341, etc. ( Rhynchobolus dibranchiatus) . Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Western end of Vineyard Sound in 13 fathoms, sand (Fish Hawk station 7710*); near Lucas Shoal, in 9 fathoms, sand (Fish Hawk station 7556*); one specimen at each point. — Survey. Also re- corded from Tarpaulin Cove, sandy shore*; head of Lagoon Pond*, in 2 feet of water; Vine- yard Haven*; Katama Bay, on gravel beach*; Robinsons Hole, on mud flats*; Ft. Phoenix*. Family Goniadid^. Glycinde gracilis (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 596, 508 ( Eone gra- cilis, sp. nov.). Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, in soft mud. Ophioglycera gigantea Verrill. Verrill, 1885, p. 436 (sp. nov.). Newport Harbor in the evening, August, 1880. Family Ariciid/E. Aricia ornata Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 596, 344 (sp. nov.; no local records). Naushon, Marthas Vineyard, etc., on sandy beaches at low water. — Moore. Treadwell notes its occurrence in moderate abundance, on the Bay side of the local breakwater.0 Reproduction observed only during last week in in July and first two weeks in August; eggs can be artificially fertilized, if cut from body of female. — Treadwell.® Scoloplos acutus (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 599, 416, etc. (An- thostoma acutum, sp. nov.). Off Gay Head, in 19 fathoms, soft mud; also from deeper parts of Vineyard Sound. o Dr. Moore thinks it likely that Scoloplos fragilis (Verrill) is the species here referred to. 16269° — Bull. 31, pt. 2 — 13 6 624 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Scoloplos fragilis (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 598, 344, etc. (,4b- thostoma fragile, sp. nov.). Woods Hole. — Verrill. Quisset Harbor, 2 to 3 fathoms .muddy bottom ( Phalarope station 127), 2 specimens*; south arm of West Falmouth Harbor, beach of sandy mud, between tides*; Round Hill Point, between tides*; rocky shore at end of Scraggy Neck*; Eagoon Pond, at both ends*; Katama Bay, at two points*. — Survey. Great Pond* (E. D. Congdon, col.). Scoloplos robustus (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 597, 343, etc. (An- thostoma robustum, sp. nov.). Woods Hole. — Verrill. Lower half of Buzzards Bay, at four stations; dredged in 6 to 7 fathoms, sandy mud and muddy sand. — Survey. Also recorded from shores at Fort Phoenix* and Scraggy Neck*, Naushon side of Robinsons Hole*, on mud flats and Katama Bay, at two points*. Fish Hawk stations*: 7640 (1 small), 7643 (1 small), 7652 (1), 7675 (1 fragment). Scoloplos sp., sp. A specimen, attributed to this genus by Dr. Moore, was taken in Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7686. Verrill and Smith (1873, p. 600 and 508) record an undetermined “ Anthostoma" from the deeper waters off Gay Head and Buzzards Bay. Family Tomoptbrid^. Tomopterus helgolandica Greef. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 626, 453 {Tomopterus sp. undet.); Moore, 1903a, p. 798. Vineyard Sound, immature specimens taken in evening. — Verrill. Taken twice at Crab Ledge (Aug. 19 and 22, 1902), by means of tow net lowered nearly to the bottom, in 19 fathoms of water. — Moore. Collected by V. N. Edwards in surface tow in Woods Hole Harbor, April, May, and December; sometimes in consider- able numbers. Family Spionid-B. Spio selosa Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 602, 344, etc.(sp. nov.). Woods Hole and Naushon Island. — Verrill. Common under stones on shores of sand and mud; the young have been taken at surface in the evening. Spio robusta Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 603, 345, etc. (sp. nov.). Woods Hole and Naushon, in sand at low-water mark. — Verrill. Great Pond * (E- D. Cong- don, col.). Spio sp. undetermined. Near Weepecket Island, in 7 fathoms, clear sand (Phalarope station 109*), 1 specimen, in frag- ments. Scolecolepis cirrata Malmgrcn. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 602, 416, etc. In deeper parts of Vineyard Sound, near its mouth on bottoms of sand and gravel. — Verrill. Scolecolepis viridis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 600, 345, etc. (sp. nov.); Mead, 1897, p. 270; Bumpus, 1898a. Woods Hole. — Verrill. Tarpaulin Cove, both on shore and in 3 to 4 fathoms (Phalarope stations 17* and 19*); Naushon shore of Robinsons Hole *, in shoal water; Katama Bay *.— Survey. Great Pond* (E- D. Congdon, col.). “ The breeding season of this worm is nearly over by the 1st of May. The eggs are deposited inside of the sand tubes in which the females live.” — Mead. fPrionospio tenuis Verrill. Verrill, i882d, p. 370; 1884, p. 665. Woods Hole (?) in harbor mud, also at surface; a larva, probably of the same species, was taken once in September. — Verrill. Fewkes (1883, p. 167) erroneously applies this name to a larva taken at Newport (see Magelona rosea). Prionospio heterobranchia Moore. Moore, 1907, p. 195 (sp. nov.). Only known specimen “was dredged from the soft ooze at the bottom of the deepest part of the Eel Pond at Woods Hole on August 4, 1902.” Polydora tubifex Verrill. Verrill, 1885, p. 438 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, 1 to 5 fathoms, sandy mud; larvae at surface in August and September. — Verrill. Rather common at North Falmouth, and occa- sional on muddy flats elsewhere. — Moore. Polydora concharum Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 174 (sp. nov.; not recorded locally). Vineyard Sound, in 12 fathoms, at Fish Hawk stations 7523 bis (1)* and 7732 (several).* — - Survey. Crab Ledge and off Sankaty Head, in shells. — Moore. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 625 Poly dor a anoculala Moore. Moore, 1907, p. 197 (sp. nov.). “ Uncommon . Usually taken in association with colonies of Amaroecium pellucidum in 7 to 17 fathoms in Vineyard Sound. Less often on piles among Cynthia in Little Harbor and with Polydora colonia at Vineyard Haven. A specimen taken on July 14 contained nearly mature eggs.” Polydora colonia Moore. Moore, 1907, p. 199 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Haven, on piles, among sponges and tunicates, forming large colonies of “soft mu- coid tubes. ’ ’ Specimens containing large eggs were noted in July. Polydora litlorea Verrill. Verrill, 1873, p. 603, 345 (Polydora ciliatuml). Naushon Island, in muddy sand, at about half tide. — A. Agassiz. Young frequently taken in tow nets. — Verrill. Very common on muddy shores. — Moore. Great Pond* (E. D. Congdon, col.). Polydora sp. undetermined. Fish Hawk station 7769 (1)*; Phalarope station 77 (2)*; shore at Tarpaulin Cove, sandy beach.* Family MagKi.onid.E Magelona rosea Moore. Moore, 1907, p. 201 (sp. nov.). “This species has been found only on a sandy beach, chiefly below low water, in a little shallow bay on the Buzzards Bay side of Woods Hole. Prof. E- A. Andrews found it at the same place about ten years before it came to my notice, and has described a specimen under the name of M. papillicornis Muller. The remarkable larvae have been described by Fewkes (as Prionospio tenuis) from Newport, and by Andrews from Beaufort, N. C., and Woods Hole. ” Family Ch^topterid^3. Chcetopterus pergamentaceus Cuvier. [Chart 67.] Verrill, 1882b, p. 370; 1884, p. 665; Mead, 1897, p. 271. (Strangely omitted from Verrill and Smith’s Invertebrates of Vineyard Sound.) Naushon Island. — Verrill. In Buzzards Bay, tubes (never containing worms) were fre- quently brought up by the dredge, particu- larly in the upper half and at inshore stations, occurring at depths of 2 to 8 (once at 12) fath- oms, on various bottoms, though relatively more common in mud ; not recorded from the Sound. — Survey. Hadley Harbor. — Moore, Treadwell. Ram Island; shore of Woods Hole Chcetopterus pergamentaceus — Continued. Harbor in front of Marine Biological Labora- tory supply department building. — G. M. Gray. ■ Mr. Gray notes that this worm is par- ticularly common among the roots of eelgrass, where it may readily be dug up after mowing down the latter with a scythe. On the shoal between Ram Island and Devils Foot, 13 specimens were thus obtained in the course of a few hours by J. F. McClendon and C. B. Bennett. Fish Hawk stations: 7613 (fragment of tube), 7616 (few ends of tubes), 7617 (pieces of tubes), 7618 (pieces of tubes), 76x9 (several tubes), 7620 (portions of tubes), 7621 (1 tube), 7622 (many ends of tubes), 7624 (several tubes), 7626 (ends of tubes), 7630 (1 fragment of a tube), 7632 (portions of tubes), 7633 (several tubes), 7634 (1 tube), 7636 (1 tube), 7637 (few tubes), 7638 (several), 7644 (1), 7645 (portions of several tubes), 7646 (1), 7664 (1 tube). Phalarope stations: 108 (1 end of tube), 109 (end of tube), 114 (1 tube), 124 (1 tube), 125 (1 tube), 126 (1 tube), 128, 129 (1 tube), 130 (1 tube), 133 (few tubes), 136 (1 tube), 140 (1 tube), 141 (tubes), 142, 145 (tubes), 146 (several tubes), 150 (tubes), 154 (few tubes), 160 (1 fragment of tube), 162 (1 tube), 165 (several tubes), 166 (1 fragment of tube). Eggs taken from the body of the female during July and August may be artificially fertilized — Mead, Treadwell. Commensal crabs of the genus Pinnixa are of frequent occurrence in the tubes of this worm. Spiochcetopterus oculatus Webster. [Chart 68.] Buzzards Bay, chiefly in lower half; two records from Vineyard Sound; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, chiefly in mud or mixtures of mud and sand. — Survey. This worm lives in a slender, quill-like tube, marked by numerous annular thickenings, and buried upright in the mud. — Moore. Fish Hawk stations*: 7629 (1 tube), 7634 (several tubes), 7637 (many tubes), 7638 (tubes com- mon), 7640 (several tubes), 7641 (several), 7642 (several), 7643 (several tubes), 7647 (several), 7648 (1), 7649 (1 tube), 7650 (1), 7652, 7653 (2 tubes), 7654 (tubes), 7655 (several tubes), 7656, 7657 (tube and 1 fragment), 7658 (few tubes), 7659 (few tubes), 7660 (few tubes), 7661, 7662 (few tubes), 7663, 7665 (few tubes), 7669 (few tubes), 7672 (1 tube), 7673 (several tubes), 7733 (several tubes). Phalarope stations*: 62 (1 tube), 97 (1 tube), 109 (1 tube), 114 (2 tubes), 115 (1 tube), 161 (r tube), 165 (tubes), 166 (tubes). 626 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries, Family Ammocharidaj. Ammochares artifex Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 610, 508 ( Ammochares , species undetermined); Verrill, 1885, p. 439 {Ammochares artifex, sp. nov.). Fifteen miles east of Block Island, in 29 fathoms, sandy mud; 23 fathoms off Marthas Vine- yard.— Verrill.0 Tubes of what are regarded as worms of this species have been taken in Buzzards Bay, near center (Fish Hawk stations 7612* and 7642*), and in Vineyard Sound, near Nonamesset Island (Phalarope stations 4* and 8*). — Survey. This worm constructs flexible tubes covered with imbricated sand grains. Family Cirratulid^. Cirratulus grandis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 606, 319, etc. (sp. nov.); Mead, 1898; Bumpus, 1898b. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Eastern half of Vineyard Sound, at 5 stations, 2 to n fathoms, sand and gravel; likewise dug up along shore at Katama Bay* (2 points), Naushon side of Robinsons Hole*, and the bathing beach at Fort Phoenix*. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7538 bis (1), 7750 (1), 7767 (several), 7769 (1). Phalarope station 73 (1)*. Eggs appeared to be nearly ripe, April' 17; species known to breed during July; females will deposit eggs in the evening, in confine- ment.— Mead. Cirratulus tenuis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 607, 416 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 6 to 12 fathoms, among com- pound ascidians; 23 fathoms, off Marthas Vineyard. — Verrill. Two specimens recorded by the Survey from Vineyard Sound, near Nobska Point, 7 fathoms, stones and sand (Fish Hawk station 7521 bis)*. Cirratulus cirratus Muller. Vineyard Sound, near Cedar Tree Neck, 7 fathoms, sand and shells (Fish Hawk station 7553)*: 1 specimen. Cirratulus parvus Moore. Moore, 1906, p. 505 (sp. nov.). “Deeper waters of Vineyard and Nantucket Sounds, in from 10 to 19 fathoms, where it lives in colonies among the crevices of Amarce- cium pellucidum and in passages of shells. Quite common in the latter at Crab Ledge, off Chatham.” An immature specimen re- corded from near West Falmouth, at Phalarope station 136*. Cirrhinereis fragilis Quatrefages. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 607, 332; Verrill, i882d, p. 370; 1884, p. 665. Specimens believed to belong to this species were dredged by Verrill in Vineyard Sound, on rocky bottom; others taken at surface. Dr. Moore thinks it possible that Cirratulus parvus was the form referred to. Cirrhinereis phosphorea Verrill. Verrill, 1882b, p. 370; 1884, p. 665. A form thus referred to by Verrill, but not described, was taken at the surface in Vine- yard Sound or Woods Hole Harbor. Dodecaceria coralii (Leidy). Leidy, 1855, p. 12 ( Naraganseta coralii)-, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 607 {Naraganseta coralii). Vineyard Sound, near shores of Nonamesset and Naushon; Buzzards Bay, near Scraggy Neck; dredged in 4 to 10 fathoms, on bottoms of sand and gravel, sometimes in dead coral {Astrangia dance); also taken on piles in Nantucket Har- bor*. Hitherto not listed for Massachusetts. Phalarope stations*: 2, 3 (2), 6 (1), 11 (1), 145 (1). Acrocirrus leidyi Verrill. Verrill, i882d, p. 370; 1884, p. 665. Woods Hole, surface, evening, August 2 to September 9, 1881 and 1882. Family TsrEBELUDAL Amphitrite cirrata (Muller). Crab Ledge, on stony bottom, in tubes, among Amaroucium, etc., rare. — Moore. Three speci- mens taken by the Survey at Crab Ledge (station 7606)*, in 16 fathoms, stones and gravel. Amphitrite attenuata Moore. Moore, 1906, p. 506 (sp. nov.). “ This species has been taken only on the piles of the New York Yacht Club wharf in Vine- yard Haven, where it occurs sparingly below low water among Cynthia and Amarcecium; lives in small mud tubes and breeds in early July.” Amphitrite brunnea (Stimpson). Crab Ledge and off Nantucket in 16 to 23 fathoms. — Moore. Amphitrite ornata (Leidy). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 613, 320, etc.; Mead, 1897, p. 229. Vineyard Sound, common in sand and gravel at low-water mark. — Verrill. Lackeys Bay, Had- ley Harbor, Ram Island. — Mead. Not taken during Survey dredging, but recorded from “This statement applies to the “Ammochares, species undetermined” of the Vineyard Sound report. The A. artifex, when described, was only listed from 67 fathoms. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 627 Amphitrite ornata — Continued . piles at New Bedford,* and from a gravel beach on west side of Katama Bay.* “ The limits of the breeding season are unknown. Although about 800 worms were collected . . . between the first of June and the last of August, only seldom were ripe eggs and ripe spermatozoa obtained.” — Mead. Verrill re- cords the taking of young in the tow in the evening, but the month is not stated. Leprcea rubra Verrill. [Chart 69.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 615, 382, etc. (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound; Woods Hole. — Verrill. Gay Head, at several stations; eastern half of Vine- yard Sound, fairly common; recorded once from head of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 3 to 13 fathoms, sand and gravel; also recorded from « Vineyard Haven* and Edgartown,*on piles. — Survey. Fish Hawk station*: 7526 (2), 7543 bis (1), 7634 (3 young), 7732 (1 young), 7748 (2), 7750 (sev- eral), 7755 (1), 7757 (1), 7759 (several frag- ments), 7767 (several), 7769 (several), 7770 (several), 7772 (several). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations*: 2 (frequent in hydroid colonies), 3 (frequent in hy droid colonies), 8 (2 young), 9 (1 young, 44 (many young, among algse), 45 (1), 49 (1), 57 (several young), 58 (very common), 62 (several young). Verrill records the taking of young at the surface in the evening. Nicolea simplex Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 613, 321, etc. (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Taken several times in the western end of Vineyard Sound; dredged but twice elsewhere; 8 to 13 fathoms, sand and stones, in one case on Laminaria; recorded also from Nobska Point on rocks below low tide* and from Vineyard Haven on piles of wharf.* Fish Hawk stations*: 7532 (several young), 7656 (2 tubes on Laminaria), 7689 (several, chiefly young), 7690 (1), 7692 (1), 7693 (1), 7722 (1), 7730 (3). Verrill records the presence of the young in tow, July and August evenings. Pista intermedia Webster. [Chart 70.] Buzzards Bay, tubes occasionally taken, chiefly at inshore stations; a few records from the , western part of the Sound; 3 to 12 fathoms, on various bottoms, more commonly sandy mud. Fish Hawk stations*: 7621 (many fragments), 7626 (ends of tubes), 7629 (1 tube), 7630 (sev- Pista intermedia — Continued. eral ends of tubes), 7639 (several tubes), 7645 (ends of several tubes), 7659 (fragments), 7664 (2 tubes), 7666 (1 tube), 7671 (3 tubes), 7674 (itube). Supplementary stations: 7567(1906), 7723 (1906). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations*: 50 (1 frag- ment of tube), 52 (fragment of tube), 83 (frag- ments of several tubes), 85 (fragments of tube), 123 (fragments of tubes), 160 (several tubes), 163 (1 tube). 164 (tubes), 165 (tubes). Pista palmata (Verrill). [Chart 71.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 614, 321, etc. ( Scion - opsis palmata, sp. nov.) ; Bumpus, 1898b {Scionopsis palmata). Vineyard Sound, low-water mark to 1 fathom. — Verrill. Tubes common at inshore stations of Buzzards Bay; less frequent at those of Vine- yard Sound ; dredged at 3 to 7 fathoms (rarely at greater depths), in sand, gravel, and mud; recorded also from Nobska Point,* and from piles at Vineyard Haven.* Fish Hawk stations*: 7688 (1 tube), 7751 (2), 7781 (several tubes). Phalarope stations: 2 (1), 8 (1), 64 (several frag- ments of tubes), 65 (tubes), 87 (x tube), 96 (several tubes), 97 (several tubes), 98 (1 tube), 103 (1), 108 (several tubes), no (many tubes), 114 (1 tube), 115 (1 tube), 117 (several tubes), 128, 129 (1 tube), 132 (1 tube), 133 (few tubes), 137 (several tubes), 140 (several tubes), 141 (3), 144 (1 tube), 146 (several tubes), 147 (several tubes), 149 (few tubes), 150 (tubes), 152, 153, 160 (several tubes). Bumpus records that the eggs were apparently ripe in August, though artificial fertilization was not attempted. Thelepus cincinnatus (Fabricius). Crab Ledge, at 6 stations; 16 to 25 fathoms, chiefly on gravelly bottoms, forming sand- incrusted tubes attached to stones. — Survey. Off Sankaty Plead. — Moore. Fish Hawk stations*: 7603 (2), 7605 (tubes), 7606 (1 tube), 7607 (several with tubes), 7608 (1 tube), 7609. Loimia viridis Moore. Moore, 1903, p. 723 (sp. nov.). The type specimen was taken by G. M. Gray on Ram Island, Woods Hole harbor, in sandy mud, August 4, 1902; a second specimen has been taken at North Falmouth. 628 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Polycirrus eximeus (Leidy). [Chart 72.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 616, 320, etc. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Eastern half of Vineyard Sound, at a number of stations; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms on various bottoms; also recorded for Vineyard Haven* on piles and in bottom of harbor, and for Katama Bay.* Fish Hawk stations*: 7558, 7732 (several), 7757 (1). 7759 0). 776x (1), 777° (*)• Phalarope stations*: 2 (frequent in hydroid colonies), 3, 5 (2), 6 (2). Verrill records taking the young of this species in tow, August and September, evenings. Polycirrus phosphoreus Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 181 (sp. nov.). Stonington, Conn., to Bay of Fundy. — Verrill. Occasional in Buzzards Bay; Crab Ledge, 17 fathoms, in crevices of shells. — Moore. Polycirrus, sp. undetermined. Fish Hawk stations*: 7579 (1), 7637 (several), 7638 (several), 7639 (several). Anoplobranchus sanguineus (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 616, 320 ( Chceto - bronchus sanguineous , sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, atlow-water mark, in soft mud filled with decaying vegetable matter; in- cluded in list for brackish waters. — Verrill. Buzzards Bay at “breakwater,” found at low water. — Moore. Family Ampharetid^. Ampharete setosa Verrill. [Chart 73.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 612, 508 {Ampharete gracilis). Off Gay Head. — Verrill. Scattered stations throughout entire length of Buzzards Bay; less frequent records for Vineyard Sound; dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, sand and mud. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7533 bis (1), 7558 (1), 7612 (1), 76x3 (1), 7625 (1), 7630 (1), 7631 (1), 7637 (1), 7650 (1), 7653 (1), 7659 (1), 7667 (3), 7686, 775° (*)• Phalarope stations*: 8 (1), 78 (1 small), 84 (3), 109 (1), 152, 162 (1). Sabellides pusilla Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 613 ( Amage pusilla, sp. nov. ; not listed for this region). Blue Wing station 49* (Gay Head, on sandy bottom): 1 specimen. Melinna cristata Sars. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 613, 432, etc. Mouth of Vineyard Sound, on muddy bottoms, in the deepest water. — Verrill. Dr. Moore states that he has never taken this species in local waters, but that all which he has ex- amined belong to the following species. Melinna maculata Webster. [Chart 74.] Tubes dredged at scattered stations throughout Buzzards Bay, 3 to 17 fathoms, muddy bot- tom; not recorded from Vineyard Sound. — ■ Survey. Tashmoo Pond*, in brackish water (E. D. Congdon, col.). Fish Hawk stations*: 7623 (tubes), 7624 (1 tube), 7629 (1 tube), 7637 (common), 7638 (plentiful), 7639 (1 tube), 7641 (several tubes), 7663 (1), 7673 (several). Phalarope stations*: 80 (several tubes), 159 (1 tube), 161 (1), 162 (several tubes), 164 (tubes)^ 165 (tubes), 166 (tubes). Family Amphictexid.E. Cistenides gouldii Verrill. [Chart 75.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 612, 323, etc. (sp. nov.). New Jersey to Cape Cod. — Verrill. Buzzards Bay throughout its entire length; Quicks Hole, Robinsons Hole, Woods Hole; not noted at any of Vineyard Sound stations; dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, chiefly at depths less than 10 fathoms, occurring commonly in mixtures of mud and sand; recorded also from muddy banks or sand flats at Fort Phoenix, Wareham River, Katama Bay, and Lagoon Pond at both ends. — Survey. Woods Hole Harbor, on beach in front of Marine Eiological Labora- tory supply department. — G. M. Gray. Fish Hawk stations: 7613 (3 tubes), 7614 (1), 7613 (1), 7616 (1 tube), 7620 (several), 7622 (2), 7623 (3), 7625 (several small), 7626 (1 tube), 7629 (3 tubes), 7637 (several), 7638 (1), 7640 (1), 7641 (1), 7653 (1 tube), 7656 (1 tube), 7657 (1 tube), 7661 (1 tube), 7673 (2), Phalarope stations: 28 (1 empty tube), 85 (2), 89 (fragment of tube), 90 (1 fragment of tube), 94 (fragments of tube), 95 (fragments of tube), 96 (fragments of tube), 119 (1), 120 (several), 139 (1 tube), 145 (1), 156, 159 (several tubes),* 160 (1 living),* 161 (1 living),* 162 (few tubes),* 165 (many tubes),* 166 (several tubes). Mr. Gray notes that during life the apex of the tube is generally uppermost. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 629 Family Capitellid.-e. Capitella gracilis (Verrill). South side of Nonamesset Island, on mud flats at low water, abundant. — Moore. Capitella sp. undetermined. Western end of Vineyard Sound; 11 fathoms, Sandy bottom (Fish Hawk station 7721)*: 3 immature specimens (?). Heteromastus filiformis (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 611, 342 ( N oiomastus filiformis , sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, sandy shores. Notomastus luridus Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 610, 342 (sp. nov.). Recorded by Verrill only for Savin Rock, near New Haven. Moore (MS.) includes this species in local list as “common at low water in mixed sand and mud.” Family PolygordiiiuE. Polygordius sp. undetermined. Fewkes, 1883, p. 195; Bumpus, 1898b; Cowles, 1903, p. 125. Fewkes reports that “Loven’s larvae are among the most common Annelid larvae taken in the tow-net at Newport.” At Woods Hole, ex- ceedingly abundant during early summer of 1892; a few noted dining summer of 1898. — Bumpus. “Often found in great abundance at Woods Hole.” — Cowles. Family OpitEliid/E. Ammotrypane fimbriata Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 604 (sp. nov.). Off Buzzards Bay, in 25 fathoms, mud. — Verrill. Vineyard Sound, in neighborhood of Cutty- hunk (Fish Hawk station 7686*, Phalarope station 33*), 5 to 17 fathoms; sand, gravel, and mud. — Survey. Ophelia denticulata Verrill. Vineyard Sound, 5 fathoms, sand and shells (Fish Hawk station 7540)*, 1 specimen. Travisia carnea Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 604, 508 (sp. nov.). Off Gay Head in 19 fathoms, soft mud. Family Maldanioe. Rhodine attenuata Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 609, 508 (sp. nov.). Off Gay Head, 6 to 8 fathoms. Nicomache dispar Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 608, 512 (sp. nov.). Off Buzzards Bay, in 25 fathoms, forming rough tubes of sand, which are not very firm. Clymenella torquala (Leidy). [Chart 76.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 608, 343, etc.; Bumpus, 1898a; Sumner, 1910, fig. 7. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Buzzards Bay throughout its length; Quicks Hole, Robin- sons Hole, Woods Hole, Vineyard Haven; in the Sound, recorded only from Tarpaulin Cove, Menemsha Bight, and extreme western end; dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, chiefly at depths of less than 10 fathoms, most commonly in mixtures of mud and sand. — Survey. The foregoing records refer chiefly to tubes. Also recorded from shore collections at Nobska Point; Lagoon Pond, at two points; shores of Robinsons Hole, on both Pasque and Nau- shon sides; Katama Bay, at two points; and Fort Phoenix. Fish Hawk stations: 7612 (tubes), 7613 (tubes), 7618 (tubes), 7619 (several), 7620 (1), 7625 (several tubes), 7632 (several tubes), 7638 (1), 7640 (many tubes), 7641 (1), 7642 (several tubes), 7647 (2), 7651 (several tubes), 7652 (several), 7653 (2), 7654 (r), 7655 (several tubes), 7656 (several tubes), 7637 (several tubes), 7658 (several tubes), 7664 (2), 7667 (several tubes), 7669 (several tubes), 7673 (common), 7675 (several tubes), 7685 (many tubes), 7686 (many tubes), 7687 (many tubes), 7688 (2 tubes), 7710 (several tubes), 7724 (numerous tubes). Phalarope stations: 17 (tubes), 19, 29 (2), 60 (several tubes), 72 (several tubes), 83 (several tubes), 89 (several fragments of tubes), 99 (many tubes), 100 (several tubes), 101 (frag- ments of tubes), 102 (several tubes), 107 (sev- eral tubes), 119 (2 tubes), 120 (2 tubes), 123 (fragments of tubes), 124 (2 tubes), 127 (tubes), 129, 133 (few tubes), 139 (several small tubes), 143 (several tubes), 147 (2 tubes), 148 (1 tube), 150 (tubes), 152, 153, 154, 159 (1 tube), 160 (1). Found by Mead to be breeding during the early part of May. Praxilella zonalis Verrill. Verrill, 1874, p. 384. Buzzards Bay, at a few scattered stations; one record for the western end of Vineyard Sound; Crab Ledge, at one station; 4 to 20 fathoms, chiefly in mud and sand. — Survey. 630 BULLETIN of the bureau of FISHERIES. Praxilella zonalis — Continued. Fish Hawk stations*: 7608 (fragments of 2), 7612 (1 fragment), 7614 (2), 7617 (1 fragment), 7629 (several tubes), 7638, 7659 (1), 7686 (1). Sup- plementary station 7669 (1907). Phalarope station: 162 (several fragments). Praxilella Iricirrata Moore. Moore, 1906, p. 503 (sp. nov.). ‘‘Taken on two occasions at Crab Ledge . . . in 17 to 20 fathoms, on a stony and gravelly bottom, and not found elsewhere.” ‘‘Filled with eggs on September 2.” Praxilella producta (Lewis). Lewis, 1899, p. hi ( Clymene producta, sp. nov.). Taken at Cotuit, on sand flat, at low water. — Lewis, Moore. A search by Miss Lewis among the sand flats in other parts of Vineyard Sound failed to reveal this species. Maldane elongata Verrill. [Chart 77.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 609, 343, etc. (sp. nov.). Scattered stations throughout Buzzards Bay, 2 to 13 fathoms, muddy bottom. — Survey. Abundant on mud flats just below low water. — Moore. Listed by Verrill only from vicinity of New Haven. Fish Hawk stations*: 7637 (plentiful, small), 7638 (common), 7641 (1), 7642 (2), 7643 (1 small), 7645 (1 fragment), 7646 (1 fragment), 7669 (common, tubes), 7671 (several), 7674 (several tubes). Phalarope stations*: 94 (fragments of tubes), 97 (1 tube), 127 (tubes), 128, 160 (1), 161 (several tubes). Family ArenicolidaS. Arenicola marina (Linnaeus).® Ram Island, in Woods Hole Harbor; stony shores, below low- water mark; not uncom- mon.— Moore. Nonamesset Island, on Woods Hole side *. — Gray. Arenicola cristaia Stimpson. North Falmouth, abundant.— Moore, Gray. Kettle Cove*; Buzzards Bay at local break- water*.— Gray. Katama Bay, east shore*. — Survey. Dug on sand and gravel flats, below low- water mark. Eggs may be found from the latter part of June to the latter part of July; at times they “may be collected by the bucketful.” — Bumpus. Eggs laid in large jelly masses attached by one end to the mouth of the burrow; may be found late in the spring and throughout most of the summer. — Moore. Family Scaubregmid^. Scalibregma brevicauda Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 603 (sp. nov.). Off New Haven.— Verrill. Buzzards Bay, near Naushon shore (Fish Hawk station 7652)*; 7 fathoms, sandy mud; 2 specimens. Supple- mentary station 7612 (1907)*. Family CheorhzemidaJ. Brada setosa Verrill . Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 606, 508 (sp. nov.). Off Gay Head, 8 to 10 fathoms,' among mussels, etc. — Verrill. Lower half of Buzzards Bay; 3 to 9 fathoms, mud. — Survey. Fish Plawk stations: 7656 (1)*, 7657* (several). Phalarope station 165 (1)*. Trophonia affinis Verrill. [Chart 78.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 605, 432. Off Buzzards Bay in 25 fathoms, mud. — Verrill. Pretty general in the lower half of Buzzards Bay; several stations in the Sound; 4 to 17 fathoms, chiefly on muddy bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7532 bis (2), 7537 (2), 7640 (2), 7641 (1), 7647 (1 small), 7651 (1), 7652 (2), 7654 (1), 7655 (6), 7656 (several), 7658 (1), 7662 (1), 7671 (1), 7673 (3), 7674 (common), 7675 (3). Phalarope stations*: 8 (1), 39 (1), 95 (1), 103 (1), 119 (1). Family STERNASPimE. ? Sternaspis fossor Stimpson. & Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 606, 307. Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, soft mud, quite common. Family SabeludaS. Myxicola steenstrupii (Kroyer). Crab Ledge, stony bottom, 17 fathoms. — Moore. Twenty fathoms on bottom of sand and gravel (Fish Hawk station 7608)*, 1 specimen. Euchone elegans Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 618, 432 (sp. nov.). Deeper parts of Vineyard Sound; much more abundant in the deeper waters outside.- — Ver- rill. Western end of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawkstation 7686*, 17 fathoms, mud. — Survey. Parasabella microphthalmia (Verrill). [Chart 79.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 618, 323 ( Sabella microphthalmia, sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1906, p. 310 ( Sabella microphthalmia ). Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Scattered inshore stations in Buzzards Bay and eastern end of Vineyard Sound; dredged in 3 to 6 fathoms, on various bottoms; recorded also from Woods a It is curious that neither this nor the following species is listed by Verrill and Smith (1873). & Dr. Moore states that the local species is probably S’, scutata (Ranzani). BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 631 Parasabella microphthalmia — Continued. Hole Harbor*, Vineyard Haven* and Edgar- town*, on piles, and from Nobska Point and beach*. Fish Hawk stations*: 7616 (2 small), 7625 (1), 7634 (3). 775° (*)> 778i (1 young). Phalarope stations*: 1 (several), 2 (rather com- mon), 3 (rather common), 8 (2), 87 (2), 120 (1 young), 148 (1). Pseudo potamilla oculifera (Leidy). [Chart 80.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 617, 322, etc. (Potamilla oculifera ); Hargitt, 1906, p. 310 (Potamilla oculifera). Vineyard Sound; off Buzzards Bay, in 25 fath- oms.— Verrill. Abundant and generally dis- tributed in Vineyard Sound; less frequent in Buzzards Bay and mainly confined to inshore stations; Crab Ledge at four stations; dredged in 2 to 25 fathoms, on every sort of bottom; also recorded from piles at Vineyard Haven*. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (several tubes), 7522 bis (2 tubes), 7526 (1), 7528 (3), 7531 (2), 7534 (tubes), 7535 bis (1 tube), 7544 bis (2 tubes), 7560 (x), 7561 (1), 7570 (tubes), 7572 (tubes), 7594 (burrows in shells), 7595 (1 tube), 7597 (several tubes and worms), 7606 (3), 7607 (several tubes), 7608 (3 tubes), 7609, 7612 (several), 7613 (1), 7616 (plentiful, attached to shells), 7618 (1), 7621 (several), 7625 (sev- eral), 7629 (1), 7679 (common), 7680 (common), 7681 (2), 7700 (several), 7702 (1), 7706 (several, some with eggs), 7707 (many attached to sponge), 7708 (1 tube), 7709 (1), 7730 (many tubes), 7732 (several), 7737 (tubes), 7742 (1 tube), 7744 (1 tube), 7747 (common), 7748 (1), 7756 (few), 7757 (1), 7767 (few), 7768 (com- mon), 7769 (common), 7770 (several), 7772 (few), 7773 (few), 7777 (1), 7782 (several tubes). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (several), 2 (several), 3 (several), 7 (4 tubes), 8 (several), 11 (1 tube), 12 (1), 14, 15 (several tubes), 16 (several tubes), 22 (1), 25 (several), 36 (1), 52 (1), 53 (colony on Venus), 63 (1), 66 (1 tube), 67, 80, 81, 84 (2 tubes), 107 (1 tube), 113 (1 tube), 114 (2 tubes), 116 (1), 118 (1), 138 (1 tube), 151, 165 (tubes). This worm constructs familiar tough flexible tubes, attached to stones and shells, often penetrating the latter. Fahricia stellaris Blainville. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 619, 323 (Fabricia leid-yi, sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, at and below low- water mark. — Verrill. Abundant on piles. — Moore. Family SERPUUm®;. Pro tula sp. Near West Chop (Fish Hawk stations 7525* and 7525 bis*), 7 to 10 fathoms, sand; 1 tube at each dredging. Filograna implexa Berkeley. Crab Ledge at five stations.— Survey. Off Sankaty Head. — Moore. Taken in 16 to 25 fathoms, on bottoms of gravel and stones, forming fine calcareous tubes in compact masses. Fish Hawk stations*: 7603 (clump of tubes), 7605 (several clumps of tubes on shells), 7606 (tubes), 7608 (tubes), 7609. Chcetinopoma greenlandica (Morch). Crab Ledge at Fish Hawk stations 7605*, 7609*, 17 to 25 fathoms, stones, gravel, and shells; calcareous tubes attached to the last (only tubes found ) . Living specimens taken at same point, August 12, 1909. Hydroides dianthus (Verrill). [Chart 81.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 620, 322 (Serpula dianthus, sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1906, p. 295etseq. Eastern half of Vineyard Sound, abundant and universally distributed; in western half curi- ously restricted to inshore stations; in Buz- zards Bay abundant at inshore stations, less frequent in the deeper waters; dredged in from 2 to 15 fathoms (only one record for a greater depth); perhaps in equal abundance on every kind of bottom, adhering to stones and shells. — Survey. Collected from piles and shores throughout the region. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few), 7521 bis (many), 7522 (many), 7522 bis (many), 7523 bis (many), 7524 (many), 7524 bis (many), 7525 bis (few), 7526 (very abundant), 7527 (several clusters of tubes), 7528 (few tubes), 7530 bis (few tubes), 7531 (several tubes), 7531 bis (few tubes), 7532 (few tubes), 7532 bis (several), 7533 bis (several), 7534 (abundant), 7534 bis (abun- dant), 7535 (several tubes), 7535 bis (few tubes), 7536 (several tubes), 7537 (many), 7537 bis (many), 7538 (numerous), 7538 bis (few), 7539 (numerous), 7539 bis (few tubes), 7541 (many), 7541 bis (few), 7543 (numerous), 7544 (numerous), 7545 (many), 7545 bis (several), 7547 bis (several tubes), 7548 (few), 7549 (many) 7549 bis (many), 7550 (few), 7551 (1), 7551 bis (few), 7552 (many), 7553 bis (few), 7554 bis (few), 7557 (few), 7558, 7561 (many), 7562 (many, some on algae), 7563 (many), 7565 (few), 7573 (1 tube), 7595 (few tubes), 7596 (1 tube), 7613 (large cluster of tubes), 7614 (1), 632 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Hydroides dianthus — Continued. 7616 (many clusters of tubes), 7620 (large clus- ter of tubes), 7621 (plentiful), 7623 (few tubes), 7625 (several), 7626 (several), 7627 (many), 7629 (many tubes), 7630 (1 tube), 7631 (1), 7632 (few tubes), 7633 (many tubes), 7634 (many tubes), 7635 (many tubes), 7639 (few tubes), 7640 (few tubes), 7641 (fewtubes), 7644(several tubes), 7651 (several tubes), 7633 (few), 7634 (few tubes), 7635 (1 cluster), 7659 (few tubes), 7664 (few), 7671 (few tubes), 7672 (few), 7674 (1 tube), 7673 (several), 7701 (1 tube), 7732, 7733 (1 tube), 7737 (tubes), 7738 (1), 7739 (lit- tle), 7743 (several), 7744 (many), 7746, 7747 (many), 7748 (many), 7749 (many), 7750 (little), 7752 (much), 7753 (common), 7754 (1 tube), 7753 (few tubes), 7756 (many), 7738 (much), 7759 (much), 7761 (common), 7764 (common), 7763 (little), 7766 (much), 7767 (much), 7768 (tubes and living common), 7769 (much), 7770 (common), 7771 (several tubes), 7772 (abun- dant), 7773 (common), 7774 (many tubes), 7775 (common), 7776 (abundant), 7777 (common), 7778 (abundant), 7779 (common), 7780 (com- mon), 7781 (common), 7782 (few), 7783 (com- mon). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (many liv- ing), 2 (many), 3 (plentiful), 4 (few living), 5 (living), 6 (many), 7 (abundant), 8 (many), 9 (common), 10 (pieces), 11 (quantities), 12 (several tubes), 13 (common), 14 (few), 13 com- mon), 16 (few), 18 (several tubes), 20 (2 tubes), 21 (2), 22 (several tubes), 23 (few), 24 (1 tube), 25 (common), 26, 27 (few), 28 (few dead), 29 (few), 30 (several), 32 (1 tube), 34 (1 tube), 36 (few tubes), 37 (few tubes), 38 (1 tube), 52 (few), S3 (few tubes), 62 (few), 63 (many), 64 (1 tube), 65 (few), 66 (few tubes), 68 (few), 69 (1 living), 71 (many tubes), 72 (many tubes), 74 (few tubes), 76 (few tubes), 77 (few tubes), 78 (1 fragment), 79 (few), 80 (many tubes), 81, 82 (common), 83 (several), 84, 86, 88 (1 frag- ment), 90 ( 1 fragment of tube), 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100 (living), 101 (fragments of tubes), 107, 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (few), 116, 117 (few living), 118 (1 clump of tubes), 121 (common), 122 (few), 123 (fragments of tubes), 124 (many tubes on Venus), 125 (several tubes), 126, 128 (common), 129, 130 (1 cluster of tubes), 131 (1 fragment), 132 (common), 133 (shells), 134 (sev- eral), 136(1), 137 (fragmentsof tubes), 138 (abun- dant), 139, 140, 142 (1 tube), 144 (living com- mon), 145 (few), 147 (common), 148 (several), 149 (common), 150 (tubes), 151 (few tubes), 15 2> JS3 (few), 154 (few), 155 (few), 156 (few), Hydroides dianthus — Continued. 137 (few), 158 (few), 162 (2 tubes), 163 (several large clusters), 164 (abundant), 165 (many tubes), 166 (few). Eggs ripen through July and August; if fully ripe, they may be removed from the body and fertilized. — Treadwell. Verrill records the oc- currence of a color variety, which he terms “ citrina,” having branchiae of a bright lemon yellow color. These specimens are said to be found with the preceding, often in the same cluster of tubes. Spirorbis spirorbis (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 621, 323 ( Spirorbis borealis ?; also referred to in lists as S. spi- rillum). As an intertidal species this is one of great abun- dance and general distribution, its small white tubes often occurring in conspicuous profusion on Fucus, less frequently on other algae or va- rious solid objects. We have shore records for Woods Hole Harbor, Eel Pond, Nobska Point, Tarpaulin Cove, Cedar Tree Neck, and Robin- sons Hole. It could probably be found locally at almost any place where Fucus grows, but it is believed to be rare or wanting at the regular dredging stations of the Survey. Its reported occurrence at these points during the earlier seasons of the survey dredging, was doubtless due in most cases, at least, to confusion with 5. tubceforniis. Breeds during May. — Bumpus. Eggs can be found during entire summer, being laid in a thin membranous tube, inside the calcareous tube, in which place they develop. — Tread- well. Spirorbis tubceformis Bush. Vineyard Sound, throughout its length; Buz- zards Bay , near its mouth and at inshore stations almost to its upper end; dredged in from 2 to 17 fathoms, chiefly on non-muddy bottoms, the tubes being affixed to Phyllophora, Chond- rus crispus and occasionally to other plants or shells, etc. Abundant on Chondrus, growing on stone wall in front of Bureau of Fisheries residence. Distribution doubtless more gen- eral than the following station list would indicate. (See remarks under Spirorbis sp.). Fish Flawk stations*: 7523 bis (1 tube), 7536 (many on seaweed), 7606 (on bryozoa), 7640 (several tubes), 7666 (several tubes), 7671 (several tubes), 7673 (several tubes), 7674 (several on shell), 7690 (many tubes), 7692 (several tubes), 7693 (several), 7718 (several tubes), 7739 (few tubes). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 6 33 Spirorbis tuboeformis — Continued. Phalarope stations*: 8 (several tubes), 17 (tubes), 18 (many), 56 ? (abundant), 57 ? (abundant), 58 ?, 63 (several), 66 (several tubes), 79 (common), 87 (on red algae), 100 ?, X12 (common). Supplementary records ® during the summer and fall of 1908, in the vicinity of the following former stations: 7325 (abundant on Phyllo- phora), 7545 (1 on Phyllophora), 7393 (1 on Polysiphonia elongata), 7632 (few on Phyllo- phora), 7670 (on Phyllophora), 7692, (abundant on stones), 7722 (few on Phyllophora), 7726 (abundant on Phyllophora), 7738 (1), 2 (abun- dant on Phyllophora), 16 (abundant on Phyllo- phora, a few on Chondrus crispus and on shell of Ensis directus), 107 (few on Phyllophora) , 117 (abundant on Phyllophora, a few on Sargassum filipendula) , 161 (fairly numerous on Phyllophora ). To this species probably also belong the majority of specimens referred to under the head “ Spirorbis sp . sp . ” Spirorbis, sp. sp. (probably for the most part S', tuboeformis, though perhaps comprising a certain proportion of S. spirillum and possibly also of S. spirorbis). During the first summer’s dredging, and probably to some extent later, the various species of Spirorbis were confused by the collectors in the field. For this reason, all records made during that period, unless known to be based upon Dr. Moore’s identifications, have been thrown together under this head. The unequivocal records, which, of course, form very incomplete lists, have been in- cluded under their respective species. Owing to the unsatisfactory condition of the data for this genus, numerous supplementary dredgings were made during the summer and fall of 1908, the results of which have been incorporated in the accounts given above. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (many on alga), 7548 (1 on Bugula), 7553 (few), 7357 (few), 7560 (many), 7562 (abundant on Chondrus), 7572 (many on algae), 7581 (many), 7582 (many), 7583 (abundant), 7584 (few), 7587 (numerous), 7588 (few), 7591 (many), 7594 (few), 7595 (abundant), 7596 (few on algae), 7598, 7656 (many tubes on Laminaria), 7663, 7693. 77°3> 77°5> 7730 (few), 7744 (few on algse). 7745 (few), 7746 (few), 7749 (many), 7760 (many). Spirorbis — Continued. Phalarope stations: 1 (few), 2 (several tubes), 3 (several tubes), 16 (many), 30 (several), 32 (plentiful), 33 (tubes on algae), 65 (many), 67 (very abundant), 83 (2 tubes on red algae), 86. Spirorbis spirillum (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 622, 498, etc. ( Spiror- bis lucidus and N. porrectal). Vineyard Sound, near mouth; off Gay Head, in 10 fathoms; off Buzzards Bay, in 25 fathoms. — Verrill. We have several unequivocal records for this species at Survey dredging stations of the regular series in the western part of Vineyard Sound; one in Buzzards Bay, west of Woods Hole. A special search during the summer and fall of 1908 revealed its occurrence at six points in Vineyard Sound beyond Robinsons Hole ; none in more eastern parts of the Sound, and none in Buzzards Bay. The tubes were attached to Phyllophora and Chondrus crispus, once to a bit of eelgrass, and were in some cases associated with Spiror- bis tuboeformis. A species which was probably S. spirillum was likewise found in abundance on some eelgrass (drifting ?) found near the landing of the Bureau of Fisheries residence in Woods Hole Harbor. — Sumner. Some specimens in the museum bear the label “ Crab Ledge.” Fish Hawk station 7611 (many)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations*: 20 (many tubes), 24 (many on algae), 23 (many), 36 (common), 44 (several tubes), 43 (1), 49 (several tubes). Supplementary records,® during the summer of 1908, in the vicinity of the following former stations: 7599, 7695, 7722, 7726, 7729, 58. Spirorbis quadrangularis Stimpson. Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7605*; 17 fathoms, gravel; tubes attached to shells. Abundant specimens of a Spirorbis, in part, perhaps, of this species, are recorded for Fish Hawk stations 7604, 7607, 7608, and 7609 (all at Crab Ledge). Samples of these were unfortunately not preserved, since their identity with the others was taken for granted at the time by the collectors. Spirorbis fewkesii Bush and 5. stimpsoni Verrill. Included by Dr. Moore (MS.) as “Woods Hole species,” but no more definite data are avail- able at present. “These specimens were identified by F. B. Sumner. 634 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OR FISHERIES. Family Hermelud^. Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill. [Chart 82.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 611, 321, etc. (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Common and gen- erally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay less common and chiefly con- fined to inshore stations; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on various bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (large cluster of tubes on stones), 7526 (1), 7538 bis (1), 7543 bis (few tubes), 7544 bis (several tubes), 7546 bis (tubes), 7549 bis (1 tube), 7551 (1 tube), 7553 (1 tube), 7558 (x tube on Venus shell), 7561 (few), 7581 (1), 7616 (few tubes), 7625 (1), 7629 (1 cluster of tubes), 7633 (1 cluster of tubes), 7664 (2), 7668 (1 tube), 7682 (1), 7686 (1 tube), 7687 (several tubes), 7688 (several tubes), 7697 (2), 7702 (1), 7706 (1 tube), 7707 (1 tube), 7724 Polychceta undetermined. Fish Hawk stations: 7523, 7557, 7572, 7593, 7594, Phalarope station 157. Subclass OL Family NaiidaS. Paranais littoralis (Oersted). Moore, 1905a, p. 376. (Listed by Verrill and Smith, 1873, as Enckytrceus triventralopectinatus , and recorded for New Haven, on authority of Minor). Vineyard Sound and vicinity. “More than any other species it withstands a wide range of density in the water, being almost equally at home in the rain-soaked eelgrass above high tide, on the shores of brackish ponds, and under stones near low-water mark on the exposed shores of Vineyard Sound.” — Moore. Family Enchytr^id^. Enehytrceus albidus Henle. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 623, 324 ( Halodrillus littoralis, sp. nov.); F. Smith, 1895, Moore, 1905a, p. 394. Woods Hole; very common under dead seaweeds and stones, near high-water mark. — Verrill. “The best known and most generally dis- tributed of our littoral Oligochaeta. . . . Found in moist spots on farm lands on Marthas Vineyard, where it could readily be introduced in . . . eelgrass spread for fertilizer. About Woods Hole it also lives in damp, sandy woods and on the shores of fresh-water ponds, espe- cially of one that formerly was connected with the Sound.” — Moore. Sabellaria vulgaris — Continued. (1), 7732 (common), 7734 (1 tube), 7737 (tubes), 7742 (2), 7744 (several), 7747 (common), 7749 (1), 7752 (several tubes), 7753 (several clusters of tubes), 7754 (1 colony of tubes), 7755 (sev- eral colonies), 7757 (several), 7760 (several), 7763 (1), 7767 (few), 7768 (1 colony), 7769 (few), 7773, 7774 (few), 7775 (few), 7776 (few), 7777 (little), 7779 (few), 7780 (few), 7781 (few), 7782 (few), 7783 (common). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 4 (few on stones), 6 (1), 7 (several on shells), 8 (1 tube), 14, 30 (1), 36 (several tubes), 49 (several tubes), 52 (1 tube), 62 (1), 63 (1 tube), 85 (fragments of tube), 107 (1), 148 (1 tube), 149 (few tubes), 150 (tubes), 159 (tubes on shell), 166 (1 tube on shell). This worm constructs familiar hard tubes from agglutinated sand grains, these tubes being adherent to stones, shells, and other objects. 7606, 7607, 7614, 7779. Lumbricillus agilis Moore. Moore, 1905a, p. 395 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, etc., abundant among eelgrass thrown on shore near high-water mark, in sheltered coves. Family Tubificid^E. Clitellio arenarius (Muller). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 623, 324, etc. ( Clitellio irrorata, in part); Moore, 1905a, P- 377- “ Common at many suitable points on the shores of Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay,” etc., but “apparently less plentiful south of Cape Cod.” — Moore. Tubifex irroratus (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 622 (Clitellio irrorata, in part); Moore, 1905a, p. 384. Vicinity of Woods Hole, not uncommon among roots of beach grass in brackish water. — Moore. Tubifex hamatus Moore. Moore, 1905a, p. 389 (sp. nov.). So far found only on shores of the Acushnet River, under stones in brackish water. Tubifex benedeni Udekem. Moore, 1905a, p. 388. Found on muddy shores between tides, “only sparingly in the neighborhood of Woods Hole, and in water both fully salt and brackish.” BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 635 Monopylephorus glaber Moore. Moore, 1905a, p. 378 (sp. nov.). “ In suitable localities . . . very abundant about the shores of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay.” Commonly found among decaying vegetation, especially in brackish waters. Monopylephorus parvus Ditlevsen. Moore, 1905a, p. 38 3. " In a few cases large numbers were found living gregariously beneath stones at half tide on the south shore of Naushon.” Limnodrilus subsalsus Moore. Moore, 1905a, p. 392 (sp. nov.). “ This species occurs in considerable numbers along with Tubifex hamatus under stones at half tide on the Acushnet River, above New Bedford, Massachusetts.” Family Lumbricuudze. Lumbriculus limosus Leidy. Several specimens* taken in brackish water at either Tashmoo Pond or Great Pond by E. D. Congdon, July 2, 1907. Class H1RUDINEA. Family Ichthyobdelud/E. Ichthyobdella funduli Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 624 (not listed from this region). Recorded once during dredging; being taken in Vineyard Sound, near Lucas Shoal (Fish Hawk station 7562 *). Specimens occasionally found upon Fundulus heteroclitus. Ichthyobdella rapax (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 625, 458 ( Pontobdella rapax, sp. nov.); Moore, 1898, p. 557 ( Piscicola rapax). Vineyard Sound, quite common on the upper side of Paralichthys dentatus.- — Verrill. Men- emsha Bight, on Paralichthys dentatus.— Moore . Trachelobdella vividus (Verrill). Moore, 1898, p. 551. Woods Hole, 1 specimen, collected by V. N. Edwards. This species occurs both in fresh and salt water. Branchellion ravenelii (Diesing). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 624, 458, etc. (Branchiobdella ravenelii). Vineyard Sound, on a sting ray, Myliobatis freminvillei; August and September; several usually occurred together. — Verrill. SIPUNCULIDA.® Family Sipunculidze. Phascolion strombi Montagu. [Chart 83.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 627, etc. ( Phasco - losoma caementarium . ) Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Dredged by the Survey at a considerable number of (chiefly inshore) stations in Buzzards Bay; a few times in deeper waters of Vineyard Sound; taken in 3 to 13 fathoms, for the most part on bottoms of sand or sandy mud. This species is most commonly found in the shells of gas- tropods, which the worm plugs up with a sort of cement. Fish Hawk stations: 7688 (1)*, 7699 (1)*, 7702 (several in Tritia)*. One specimen each recorded from 1907 stations which coincided approximately with the original stations 7652*, 7671*, and 7739*. Phalarope stations: 78 (several)f, 856, 86 (i)&, 93 (3)t> 94&> 98s, 109&, 119&, 120&, 123&, 125&, 1266, 134b, r44&, 147 (i)b, 166 (1)*. « Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) weri nated by a dagger (t) were identified by Prof. J. H. Gerould. b Referred by the collectors to same species as a lot coming f 1 as well, but it is likely that most or all of the specimens here in Phascolosoma gouldii Diesing. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 627, 353, etc.; Gerould, 1904, p. i-xii; Gerould, 1906, p. 77. Woods Hole, Newport. — Gerould. Reported from Uncatena Gutter (McMurrich); and Vineyard Haven, near the bridge (Osbum). Littorally, this is a common species and its distribution is quite general along muddy shores and on mud flats, but it seems to be rare in deeper waters. Two specimens taken by the survey near mouth of Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk station 7674!, in 7 fathoms, mud and sand. “The breeding season of Ph. gouldii at Newport, R. I., extends from the middle of June to the middle of August and probably later.” Indi- viduals laid eggs at Woods Hole, August 22, 29, and September 3. — Gerould. Reported by Verrill from the stomach of a skate (Raja Icervisl). identified by Prof. J. P. Moore. Specimens from points desig- im station 78. This was found to includ e Phascolosoma vernllii icated were Phascolion strombi. 636 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Phascolosoma verrillii Gerould. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 627, 353 (Phasco- losoma, sp. undet.); Gerould, 1908, p. 488 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound.— Verrill. Concerning this (?) species, Verrill writes that it “occurs in sand at low water, and has similar habits [to P. gouldii], but it appears to be rather uncommon and has not been satisfactorily identified.” Dr. Gerould states that Prof. Verrill makes undoubted reference to the present species (p. 627), but questions whether he had in mind the latter in writing the foregoing sentence. Dr. Gerould regards it as doubtful whether P. verrillii has been obtained by digging. Dredged by the survey in Buzzards Bay, at Phascolosoma verrilli — Continued. several points near the eastern shore; at one of these (off West Falmouth) it was found in two different summers; also near Sound shore of Naushon; taken in 4 to 7 fathoms, on various bottoms. Dr. Gerould likewise furnishes the following earlier records: Off Nobslca, 1883, at Fish Hawk station 1188; Vineyard Sound, 1871, exact locality unknown (this and tire preceding specimen from collection in National Museum); off Nobska in 5 fathoms, July, 1902 (collected by W. R. Coe). Phalarope stations!: 15 (1), 78, 93, 135 (2). (One likewise taken by the Fish Hawk in 1907, in neighborhood of last station.) Phylum ARTHROPODA. Class CRUSTACEA. Order PHYLLOPQDA. Family B r a nchip o di ir/s, . Anemia gracilis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 573; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 117. Falmouth, “in salt vats” (perhaps not properly to be included in the marine fauna). Family PoeyphEmid.E. Podon leuckarti (Sars). Sharpe, 1910, p. 409, 434. “Surface tows off Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, Mass., July to November.” Evadne nordmanni Lov£n. Sharpe, 1910, p. 409, 435. “Surface tows off Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, Mass., August to November.” Order OSTRACODA. Family Cypridinid^. Sarsiella americana Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 363 (sp. nov.). A single female found at Fish Hawk Station 7723- Sarsiella zostericola Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 364 (sp.nov.). Both male and female specimens found in “Gut of Canso,” Woods Hole Harbor, August 3, 1905, among eelgrass and hydroids. Cylindroleberis marioe (Baird). Cushman, 1906, p. 367. “Gut of Canso,” Woods Hole Harbor, August 3, 1905. None found dredging either in the Sound or Bay. Family Cypriote. Pontocypris edrcardsi Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 368 (sp. nov.). Eel Pond, August 22, 1905, from material taken with seine. Famile Cytherid^e. Cyiherois zostericola Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 369 (sp. nov.). Eel Pond, July 15, 1905; not met with in any other locality. Xestolebris depressa Sars. Cushman, 1906, p. 370. Vineyard Sound (Fish Hawk station 7723), a few dead shells. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 637 Loxoconcka guttata (Norman). Cushman, 1906, p. 370. Vineyard Sound (Fish Hawk station 7723) and Buzzards Bay (Phalarope station 82), living specimens. Loxoconcha impressa (Baird). Cushman, 1906, p. 371. Eel Pond; piles of Bureau of Fisheries wharf, among hydroids, etc.; “Gut of Canso,” among eelgrass and hydroids, in great numbers; Cedar Tree Neck, among algae (collected by R. C. Osbum); also living specimens occa- sionally dredged in Vineyard Sound (Fish Hawk stations 7716 and 7723). Cythere dawsoni Brady. Cushman, 1906, p. 372. Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7723, “ several shells were found, which seem to belong to this species;” Buzzards Bay, at r907 repetition of Fish Hawk station 7656, one shell. Cytheridea rubra Muller. Cushman, 1906, p. 373. Western end of Vineyard Sound, living; Buz- zards Bay, near Cuttyhunk, shells only. Fish Hawk stations: 7685, 7686, 7723, 7725. Phalarope station 102. Cytheridea papillosa Bosquet. Cushman, 1906, p. 373. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723, empty shells. Cytheridea punctillata Brady. Cushman, 1906, p. 374. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723, shells only. Cytheridea seminuda Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 374 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk stations 7723 and 7725- Cytheridea americana Cushman. Cuthman, 1906, p. 375 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723, living. Cythereis emarginata Sars. Cushman, 1906, p. 376. Western end of Vineyard Sound and Buz- zards Bay, near Robinsons Hole, living specimens. Fish Hawk stations: 7710, 7723, 7727, 7729. Phalarope station 87. Cythereis tuberculata Sars. Cushman, 1906, p. 376. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk stations 7686 (1 living), 7723 (shells). Cythereis canadensis (Brady). Cushman, 1906, p. 377. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723, shells only. Cythereis dunelmensis Norman. Cushman, 1906, p. 377. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk stations 7725 and 7727, shells only. Cythereis concinna (Jones). Cushman, 1906, p. 377. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723, “ a single shell, apparently belonging to this species. ” Cythereis albomaculata (Baird). Cushman, 1906, p. 378. Living specimens taken once from hydroids, etc., growing on piles of Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole. Cythereis villosa Sars. Cushman, 1906, p. 378. Shells fairly common in deeper parts of Vine- yard Sound, especially at Fish Hawk stations 7723 and 7727. Cythereis phalaropi Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 378 (sp. nov.). Buzzards Bay at Phalarope station 129, many living specimens. Not recorded elsewhere. Cythereis arenicola Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 379 (sp. nov.) “ Fairly common on sandy bottoms in Vineyard Sound. ” Fish Hawk stations: 7710, 7723, 7761 (1907 repetition). Cythereis vineyardensis Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 380 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723. Cytherideis fasciata (Brady & Robertson). Cushman, 1906, p. 381. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723. Pseudocytheretta edwardsi Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 382 (sp. nov.). First taken in Vineyard Sound, near Menemsha Bight, in 17 fathoms; later “found to be the most common ostracod in the region.” This species “seems to be confined to fairly deep water and as a rule to sandy bottoms.” The following stations lie at the western end of Vineyard Sound and in Buzzards Bay, near Cuttyhunk. Fish Hawk stations: 7686, 7710, 7724, 7727, 7729. Phalarope station 102. 638 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Order COPEPODA (free-living). Family Caeanid/E. Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus). Wheeler, 1900, p. 164; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 103; Sharpe, 1910, p. 406, 409. Numerous female specimens taken in tow by Fish Hawk in Vineyard Sound near Gay Head July 10. — Wheeler. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf. — Sharpe. Said to be of great abundance, widespread, and economi- cally important as a food of fishes. Family CenTropagid^E. Centropages typicus Kroyer. Wheeler, 1900, p. 173; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 104; Sharpe, 1910; p. 406. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, and in adjacent parts of Vineyard Sound, “nearly always present in small numbers in the tow. ” — Wheeler. Centropages hamatus (Lilljeborg). Wheeler, 1900, p. 174; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 104; Sharpe, 1910, p. 406. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, and in adjacent parts of Vineyard Sound, “nearly always present in considerable numbers in tow. ’ ’ — Wheeler. Temora longicornis (Muller). Wheeler, 1900, p. 175; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 104; Sharpe, 1910, p. 406. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, very common. Much more abundant in winter than summer; rarely seen in July and August. Eurytemora herdmani Thompson & Scott. Sharpe, 1910, p. 406, 410. “ Found very sparingly ... in a surface tow made from the Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, Mass., in August.” Eurytemora hirundoides (Nordquist). Sharpe, 1910, p. 406, 411. “Rather sparsely found in brackish pools, Woods Hole, July; also in washings from sea urchins, Cuttyhunk, July.” Metridia lucens Boeck. Wheeler, 1900, p. 176 (M. hibernica)', M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 105; Sharpe, 1910, pp. 407, 412. Woods Hole, December 15, 1898, a single female specimen taken in tow. — Wheeler. Pseudodiaptomus coronatus Williams. Sharpe, 1910, p. 407, 412. “Very common in Birge and surface net tows among algae, at Hadley Harbor, Great Harbor near Ram Island, and Eel Pond, Woods Hole, Mass.” Family Pontellid/E. Labidocera (Estiva Wheeler. Wheeler, 1900, p. 178 (sp. nov.); Parker, 1902, p. 105; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 105; Sharpe, 19x0, p. 407. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, very common in tow during July and early August, 1899. — Wheeler. Pontella meadii Wheeler. Wheeler, 1900, p. 180 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 105; Sharpe, 1910, p. 407. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, a few of both sexes taken on two occasions in July, 1899, after heavy SE- wind. — Wheeler. Anomalocera pattersonii Templeton. Wheeler, 1900, p. 181; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 105; Sharpe, 1910, p. 407. Woods Hole, but only after stormy weather with SW. winds. — Wheeler. Acartia tonsa Dana. Wheeler, 1900, p. 183; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 106; vSharpe, 1910, p. 407, 414. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, “one of the commonest copepods taken” (Jxdy and August, 1899). — Wheeler. “ Occurring abund- antly in nearly all the tows examined . . . from the Woods Hole region, even in . . . the brackish water ponds of the vicinity.” — ■ Sharpe . Tortanus discaudata (Thompson & Scott). Wheeler, 1900, p. 184 ( Corynura bumpusii ); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 106 ( Tortanus bumpusii)', Sharpe, 1910, p. 407, 414. Wheeler records the occurrence of males in con- siderable numbers, July 10 and 11, 1899; also a single female, taken in tow by Mr. Edwards, December 15, 1898. Mr. Sharpe has found this copepod at various local points in July, 1908, and has identified it in towing material collected by Mr. Edwards in May. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 639 Family Cyclopid^. Oiihona similis Claus. Wheeler, 1900, p. 186; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 106; Sharpe, 1910, p. 407. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, July, 1899, “occasionally in small numbers.” Tow off Bureau of Fisheries wharf, July 13, 1908; common. — Sharpe. Family HarpacticidaS. Harpacticus chelifer (Muller). Sharpe, 1910, p. 407, 415. Little Harbor, July 9, 1908. Family Ectinosomid^. Ectinosoma curiicorne Boeck. Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 415. “Collected by a Birge net among algae, muddy bottom, in the brackish ponds about Woods Hole, Mass., July.” Family Peltidiid/E. Alteutha depressa Baird. Sharpe, 1910, pp. 408, 416. “Surface net just off Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, Mass.” Family Idyidaj. Idya furcata (Baird). Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 417. “Collected with a Birge net amongst floating algae and eelgrass at Little Harbor, Woods Hole, July. . . . Also from Ee1 Pond, Woods Hole, August.” Family Thaj.estrid.e. Thalestris gibba (Kroyer). Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 417. Woods Hole, in surface tow, December 1, 1905 (collected by V. N. Edwards, identified by R. W. Sharpe). Dactylopusia thisboides (Claus). Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 419. “Collected among algae with a Birge net, at Little Harbor, Woods Hole, July, sandy bot- tom, at about 12 feet depth.” 16269 0 — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 — — 7 Dactylopusia vulgaris Sars. Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 419. “Collected with a Birge net at Little Harbor, Woods Hole, Mass., among surface algae, July. Also brackish ponds near Woods Hole, July, and among Fucus along the United States Fisheries wharf, July. Common.” Family Dios acci das. Diosaccus tenuicornis (Claus). Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 420. “ Collected with Birge net among algae, Eel Pond, Woods Hole, August.” Family Laophontid^. Laophonte longicaudata Boeck. Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 421. “Off the Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, Mass., July. ” Family Lichomolgid^. Lichomolgus fucicolus Brady. Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 421. Collected in surface net at Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, July. Family Corycajid.-E. Sapphirina gemma Dana. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 573, 439; Wheeler, 1900, p. 190; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 108; Sharpe, 1910, p. 409. This species is listed by Wheeler only from the Gulf Stream at a point 70 miles south of Mar- thas Vineyard, and therefore far beyond the limits of our region. Smith, however, lists a species of Sapphirina, taken in “ great numbers among Salpae [as also were Wheeler’s], off Gay Head, on several occasions, early in Septem- ber.” Family Ii.yopsyllid/E. Ilyopsyllus sarsi Sharpe. Sharpe, 1910, p. 423 (sp. nov.). “Collected plentifully with a Birge net among floating algae in Eel Pond and Little Harbor, Woods Hole, Mass., July, August; also brack- ish ponds, Woods Hole.” 640 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Order COPEPODA (parasitic). Family Arguudaj. Argulus alosce Gould. R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 485 (no local records); C. B. Wilson, 1902, p. 707; 1905, p. 121; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 87. Taken locally from outer surface of Pomolobus pseudoharengus and Osmerus mordax, very rare. Argulus funduli Kroyer. C. B. Wilson, 1902, p. 710; 1905, p. 125; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 87. Plosts; Fundulus heleroclitus and F. majalis, out- side of body, rare . Often taken in the tow net, when swimming freely. Argulus laticauda Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 574, 452 (sp. nov.); R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 484; C. B. Wilson, 1902, p. 705; 1905, p. 127; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 86. Vineyard Sound, among algae. — Smith. Buz- zards Bay, Woods Hole, Eel Pond, Waquoit, Katama Bay, the most abundant of the salt water species of this genus. — Wilson. Hosts: Anguilla chrisypa, “blenny, ” Microga- dus tonicod, Paralichthys denlatus, Pseudopleu- ronectes americanus, Myoxocephalus sp., Raja sp.; found on outer surface of the body, often becoming numerous enough to injure the host. — Wilson (MS.). Argulus lalus Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 574, 452 (sp. nov.); R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 484; C. B. Wilson, 1902, p. 704; 1905, p. 128; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 86. Only two specimens recorded from local waters, both taken at surface in Vineyard Sound ; host unknown . Argulus megalops Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 575, 452 (sp. nov.); R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 485; C. B. Wilson, 1902, p. 706; 1905, p. 129; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 86. Hosts: Fundulus sp., Lophius piscatorius, Lo- pliopsetta maculata, Microgardus tomcod, Myox- ocephalus octodecinispinosus, Paralichthys den- tatus, Prionotus carolinus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus , Raja erinacea; “ is often numerous enough on flounders to hasten their death.” — Wilson (MS.). Also reported from surface tow, in Vineyard Sound. — Smith. Known to breed from August to November; eggs require 60 days’ incubation at summer temper- ature.— Wilson (MS.). Family Ergasiud^. Ergasilus labracis Kroyer. C. B. Wilson, 1911, p. 329. Woods Hole, on gills of the striped bass ( Roccus lineatus). Two specimens of gills from this region which were examined by Dr. Wilson were found to be badly infested Ergasilus manicatus Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1911, p. 337 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole and vicinity. ‘‘This tiny parasite is very common on the gills of the silversides minnow, Menidia notata, along the Atlantic coast.” Tucca impressus Kroyer. C. B. Wilson, 1911, p. 354. Woods Hole from the fins of a burrfish ( Chilom’yc - ter us scheopfi.) Tucca corpulentus Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1911, p. 358 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, ‘‘a single lot of this species, which was taken from the northern swell toad, Spke- roides maculatus Artacolax saetiger Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1911, p. 361 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, ‘‘a single lot, . . . consisting of three females taken from the flying fish, j Exocaetus volitans.” Bomolochus teres Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1911, p. 379 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, from gills of menhaden, ‘‘quite rare, the examination of many fish yielding but a few specimens.” Family Chondracanthid^. Chondracanthus cornuius Muller. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 100 (no local records). Common in mouth and gill cavities of fishes of the family Pleuronectidae. (Here included on authority of C. B. Wilson, MS.). Chondracanthus galeritus Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1886, p. 317 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 101. Woods Hole and vicinity, Menemsha Bight. From interior of mouth of Paralichthys dentatus;. common. Breeds in July, August, September; male para- sitic on female. Chondracanthus merluccii Holten. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 101. “Woods Hole region.” (Wilson, MS.). Para- sitic on Merluccius bilinearis. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 641 Chondr acanthus phycidis Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1886, p. 320 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 101. From gills of Urophycis tenuis, taken “off Marthas Vineyard,” 15 specimens, taken on one occasion only (perhaps far beyond the limits of the region). Family Caugid^. Caligus belones Kroyer. C. B. Wilson, 1905a, p. 586; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 91. From external surface of a fish in the Woods Hole collection, labeled ‘‘ Coryphaenaequisetis” [probably C. hip purus ] ; place of capture un- certain.— Wilson. Caligus bonilo Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1905a, p. 589 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 89. First obtained at Woods Hole, in summer of 1883, by R. Rathbun, who never published a description. Found in the mouth and gill cavity of Sarda sarda, as many as 100 having been taken from a single fish. Larvae may be raised in August through three or four successive molts; a typical metanauplius and chalimus. — Wilson (MS.). Caligus chelifer Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1905a, p. 582 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 91. Hosts: Brevoortia tyrannus, Trichiurus lepturus, Xiphias gladius; external surface, rare. Female specimens only known; breeds in July and August. Caligus curtus Muller. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 575, 459 (no local records); R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 486 (no local records); C. B. Wilson, 1905a, p. 578; M. T. Rathbun, 1905, p. 90. Hosts: Gadus callarias, Iiippoglossus hippoglos- sus, Melanogrammus oeglefinus, Pollachius virens, Raja Icevis, Urophycis tenuis; very common on external surface and probably a serious menace to the life of the fish; rarely found in gill cavity. — Wilso 1 (MS.). Breeds from May to September; a typical nau- plius occurs, colored with dark brown pig- ment; chalimus may be found on cod in late July or early August. — Wilson (MS.). Caligus mutabilis Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1905a, 573 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 90. Hosts: Centropristes striatus; also one specimen each from Pollachius virens and Sarda sarda; found inside the mouth, fairly common. Breeds in July. — Wilson (MS.). Caligus pelamydis Kroyer. C. B. Wilson, 1905a, p. 594. Host: Sarda sarda; found in the gill cavity in company with Caligus bonito; rare and only the females known. — Wilson. Caligus rapax Milne Edwards. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 575, 457; R. Rath- bun, 1884a, p. 487; C. B. Wilson, 1905a, p. 568; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 89. Hosts: Acipenser sturio, Alosa sapidissima, Am- modytes americanus, Carangus crysos, Carcliarias littoralis, Cyclopterus lumpus ; Dasyatis centrum, Gadus callarias , Kyphosus sectatrix, Melanogram- mus ceglefinus, Menticirrhus saxatilis, Mona- canthus hispidus, Paralichthys oblongus, Polla- chius virens , Pomolobus pseudoharengus , Pseudo- pleuronectes americanus, Raja erinacea, Raja Icevis, Raja ocellata, Remora remora, Roccus lineatus, Scomber scombrus, Squalus acanthias, Stenotomus chrysops, Trichiurus lepturus, Urophycis chuss, Urophycis tenuis, Xiphias gladius. Always an external parasite, often being sufficiently numerous to seriously injure the host. Frequently taken in tow. Breeds from April to October. — Wilson (MS.). Caligus rufimaculatus Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1905a, p. 561 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 89. Hosts: Fundulus heteroclitus, F . majalis, Mugil cephalus, on external surface; also taken in tow net. Breeds from June to September; chalimus stage found upon the host late in June or early in July. Caligus schistonyx Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1905a, p. 564 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 89. Hosts: Brevoortia tyrannus (common), Poma- tomus saltatrix (rare); external, also often taken in tow. Breeds in late August or early September. — Wilson (MS.). 642 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Caligodes megacephalus Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1905a, p. 609 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 91. But a single specimen known, “which was taken from the underside of the mouth of the silver gar [probably Tylosurus marinus] at Woods Hole.” Lepeophtheirus edwardsi Wilson. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 575, 459 ( Lepeoph- theirus sp.); C. B. Wilson, 1905a, p. 627 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 92. Hosts: Carangus hippos, Paralickthys dentatus, Paralichthys oblongus, Pomolobus pseudoha - rengus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Raja erinacea, Tylosurus marinus. Found upon the external surface; abundant, sometimes numer- ous enough to cause death of host. Breeds from May to September; nauplii may be reared through several moults in the labora- tory; chalimus stage may be found upon floun- ders in June and early July. — Wilson (MS.). Lepeophtheirus nordmannii Milne Edwards. R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 487; C. B. Wilson, 1905a, p. 623; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 91. Parasitic on outer surface of Mola mola. Lepeophtheirus thompsoni Baird. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 575, 459 ( Lepeoph- theirus sp.); C. B. Wilson, 1905a, p. 619; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 92. Hosts: Dasyatis centrura, Lophius piscatorius; external. Trebius tenuif urcatus Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1887, p. 559 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 93; C. B. Wilson, 1907, p. 679. Two female specimens from a “sting ray” in Vineyard Sound, 1871. — R. Rathbun. Gloiopotes ornatus Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1905b, p. 127 (sp. nov.); 1907, p. 699; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 93. Two female specimens taken from a swordfish captured off Gay Head; an external parasite. — Wilson. Alebion glaber Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1905b, p. 129 ( Alebion glabrum, sp. nov.); 1907, p. 708; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 93. Hosts: Mustelus canis (“almost every fish yield- ing one or more specimens”); also C archarias littoralis and Squalus acanthias; attached to outer surface of body, common. Immature stages may be found attached to the skin of the shark, just in front of the posterior dorsal fin, and elsewhere, early in July. — Wil- son (MS.). “Very transparent and beautifully colored; an excellent species for morphological work.” j Alebion gracilis Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1905b, p. 128 ( Alebion gracile, sp. nov.); 1907, p. 704; M.J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 93. Hosts: Mustelus canis, Carcharias littoralis, Car- charhinus obscurus, “Trygon sp.” ( =Dasyatis centrum}), Pollachius virens; outer surface, common. Perissopus communis Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1887, p. 560 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 94; C. B. Wilson, 1907b, p. 354. Hosts: Carcharhinus milberti, Carcharhinus obscu- rus, Mustelus canis; external; common and widely distributed. Breeds in July. — Wilson (MS.). Echthrogaleus coleo ptratus (Guerin). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 576, 459; R. Rath- bun, 1884a, p. 488; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 94; C. B. Wilson, 1907b, p. 367. From dorsal fin of “mackerel shark” (probably Isurus dekayi). Echthrogaleus denticulatus Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, PP- 576, 459 (sp. nov.); R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 488; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 94; C. B. Wilson, 1907b, p. 369. Vineyard Sound, a single female specimen known, taken from Carcharodon carcharias. Echthrogaleus torpedinis Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1907b, p. 371 (sp. nov.). Two females from pectoral fins of a torpedo ( Tetronarce occidentalis) , taken in vicinity of Woods Hole in 1875. Dinematura latifolia Steenstrup & Liitken. C. B. Wilson, 1907, p. 383. “ External parasite of Lamna cornubica; has been taken from this shark 120 miles offshore, and is probably present on those specimens that oc- casionally come into the Sound.” — Wilson (MS.). Pandarus cranchii Leacn. Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 576 ( Pandarus Cranchii and Nogagus Latreillii ); R. Rathbun, 1884a, p.488; 1886, p. 317; C. B. Wilson, 1907b, p. 403. (No definite local records given.) Hosts: Carcharhinus obscurus, Carcharodon car- charias. “The names Nogaus latreillii and Nogagus latre- illii have been used for the male of this spe- cies; these males are occasionally found on the smaller sharks, Mustelus canis and Carcha- rias littoralis.” — Wilson (MS.). Pandarus sinuatus Say. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 577, 459; R. Rath- bun, 1886, p. 310; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 95; C. B. Wilson, 1907b, p. 417. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 643 Pandarus sinuatus — Continued. Hosts: Carcharhinus obscurus, C archarias litto- ralis (very common), Carcharodon carcharias, Mustelus canis. Breeds in July, August, September; eggs very numerous; nauplius larva very small and dark colored. Pandarus smithii Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1886, p. 315 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 95; C. B. Wilson, 1907b, p. 410. Hosts: Carcharhinus obscurus, Carcharias litloralis, Carcharodon carcharias . Nesippus alatus Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1905b, p. 130 (sp. nov.); 1907b, p. 426; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 94. Hosts: Carcharhinus obscurus, Carcharias litto- ralis (females on gill arches, males on outside of body), Fundulus majalis (caudal peduncle), Mustelus canis. Breeds in July; nauplius of typical form. — Wil- son (MS.). Cecrops latreillii Leach. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 577 (citing Gould); R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 489; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 96; C. B. Wilson, 1907b, p. 468. Parasitic on gills or outer body surface of Mola mo la, very numerous. Breeds from May to October. — Wilson (MS.). Orihagoriscicola muricata (Kroyer). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 96 ( Lccmargus muri- catus), C. B. Wilson, 1907b, p. 473. Hosts; Mola mola, Selene vomer. Philorihragoriscus serratus Kroyer. C. B. Wilson, 1907b, p. 479. Vineyard Sound, on Mola mola. Family DiCHELESTiimE. Anthosoma crassum (Abildgaard). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 577, 460 (no local rec- ords); R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 490; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 97. Hosts: Carcharias litloralis, Squalus acantkias, “mackerel shark,” Mola mola; attached to the inside of the opercula, roof of mouth, or a fin, rather rare. — Wilson (MS.). Lernanthropus brevoortias Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1887, p. 563 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 97. On gills of the menhaden ( Brevooriia tyrannus), very abundant at times. The male is not yet known. Lernanthropus pomatomi Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1887, p. 567 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 98. On gills of Pomatomus saltatrix, mostly female specimens recorded. Dichelesthium siurionis Hermann. R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 490; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 97. From gill cavities and nasal cavities of “Acipen- ser oxyrhynchus” ( =sturio ). Breeds in July. — Wilson (MS.). Eudactylina nigra Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1905b, p. 131 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 97. Type specimen from Buzzards Bay. Parasitic on gills of Carcharias litloralis, “many hundreds may often be secured from a single shark. ” Family AnthEacherid^. Philichthys xiphice Steenstrup. Linton, 1901, p. 448; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 98. “Woods Hole region,” on Xiphias gladius. — C. B. Wilson (MS.). Six specimens found “in the frontal sinuses of a swordfish head.” — Linton. Sphcerifer lintoni Wilson. Linton, 1900, p. 285; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 98. Woods Hole; found by E. E. Tyzzer “ under the skin on the preopercular bone of a squeteague ( Cynoscion regalis). ” — Linton. Family LERNAjid^E. Pennella costai Richiardi. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 99. On Xiphias gladius, the head buried in a cyst formed within internal organs of host; often 30 or 40 upon a single fish, appearing to impair its vitality. — Wilson (MS.). Breeds in July. Pennella filos a (Linnaeus). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 99 (no local records). Hosts: Mola mola, Xiphias gladius; the body of the parasite being external, the head buried within the tissues of the host; not so common as P. costai. (Not definitely recorded for local waters.) Cernceenicus radiatus (Lesueur). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 578, 458 (Lerneonema radiata)-, R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 491 ( Lernceo - nema radiata)-, M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 99. 644 bulletin oe the bureau of fisheries. Lernceenicus radiatus — Continued. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. — Smith and later writers. Hosts: Breruoortia tyrannies , Fundulus sp.; buried in the flesh of the body, or in the eye, some- times causing blindness; not at all common. Lerncea branchialis Linnaeus. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 578, 460; R. Rath- bun, 1884a, p. 492; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 100. (No local records given by these writers.) Listed for Vineyard Sound by C. B. Wilson (MS.). Hosts: Gadus callarias, Melanogrammus cegle- finus, Pollachius virens, “hake” sp.; often so numerous as to affect the health of the fish. Breeds in July; egg hatches into a typical nau- plius; larva undergoes great degeneration. Lertuzolophus sultanus Milne Edwards. R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 492; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 100. Four female specimens taken from Alutera schoepfii, from Vineyard Sound, in summer of 1874. Family LERNbEOPODimE. Clavella uncinata (Muller). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 578, 460 ( Anchorella uncinata)', R. Rathbun, 1884a, p. 491 ( Ancho- rella uncinata) . N either author gives any local records. Clavella uncinata — Continued. Parasitic in mouth and on gills of the Gadidae, common and of very general distribution. Breeds from June to September; male a dwarf, parasitic upon the female; larva a typical nauplius. — Wilson (MS.). Brachiella ramosa Richiardi. Goode, 1883, p.346 (no local records); M.J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 102. Woods Hole region. — Wilson. Parasitic on gills of Xipkias gladius. Brachiella rostrata Kroyer. R. Rathbun, 1884, p. 491 (no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 102. Host. Hippoglossus hippoglossus. (Listed for “Woods Hole region” by Miss Rathbun, on authority of C. B. Wilson.) Brachiella thynni Cuvier. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 341 (citing Gould; no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 102 (no local records). Host: Thunnus thynnus, on gills. (Here in- cluded on the authority of C. B. Wilson, MS.) Order CIRRIPEDIA.« Family Trypetesid.E. Trypetesa lam pas (Hancock). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 79. Woods Hole. Bores in dead shells of Polynices heros and P. duplicata, which are inhabited by hermit crabs. — Genthe, cited by Rathbun. Family Coronuud^. Coronula diadema (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 579, 460; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 80. (No local records given in either work.) Found upon whales. Mr. Edwards has observed barnacles, presumably of this species, locally upon the humpback whale, on which it seems to be commonly present in large numbers. a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were nated by a dagger (t) were identified by Dr. H. A. Pilsbry. Family Balanid^E. Balanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 80 (not recorded lo- cally). Great numbers collected by Mr. John J. Veeder in New Bedford Harbor, July or August, 1908, from bottom of a whaling vessel. (Identified, with fair certainty, by F. B. Sumner.) Balanus amphitrite (Darwin). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 578 (no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 81. Vineyard Sound, “on whales and bottoms of ships, but probably does not live long after ar- riving on New England coast.” — Rathbun. identified by Dr. F. B. Sumner. Specimens from points desig- I BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 645 Balanus eburneus Gould.0 [Chart 84.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 579, 381, etc.; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 81. Abundant and generally distributed, from low- tide mark to the deepest waters of Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, occurring on stones, shells, living mollusks, and Crustacea, the bot- toms of boats, piles, and all sorts of submerged woodwork, or solid objects of any description. This species is quite at home in brackish water, and is said to occur at times in perfectly fresh water. It is occasionally met with between tides, but, generally speaking, its bathymetric range commences where that of Balanus bal- anoides ends, i. e., at low-tide mark. Fisk Hawk stations: 7523! (many on Polynices), 7 53 It (small cluster), 7535! (2), 7537! (group on shell of Polynices), 7543 bis* (great numbers, living, mainly small, on shell fragments), 7545 bis* (a number dead and detached), 75474 (1), 7547 bis* (2 dead and detached), 75524 (1), 75534 (4), 7557t (1 dead), 7558!, 75594. 7563! (many), 75694 (1 on Mytilus shell), 75764 (many on fragment of Polynices), 7592! (few) 7607! (few on shell of Scala), 76n*(many dead, on shells), 7615* (? a number dead, on shells), 7621* (several dead, on shells), 7648* (? 1 dead, detached), 7663* (? many, on Polynices), 7664* (several dead, on shells), 7671* (many dead, on shells), 7678* (dense cluster, living, on Poly- nices), 7679* (small cluster, living, on Poly- nices), 7682* (1 small living, on Mytilus), 7698* (many living, on Polynices), 7699* (few living and dead, on shells), 7700* (many living, on shells), 7702* (dense clusters, living, on shells), 7706* (many living, on Polynices shell), 7709* (many living, on Polynices), 7718* (? 1 living, on Polynices), 7725* (small cluster, living, on Polynices), 7726* (many living, on shell), 7728* ( ? 1 detached), 7731* (? 1 dead), 7732* (many dead, on mussel shell), 7734* (several living and dead, on shells) 7740* (several dead, on shells), 7749* (1 dead, on shell), 7762* (many small living, on cocoanut shell), 7763* (2 liv- ing, on Crepidula fornicata), 7768* (few small dead, on shell), 7769* ( ? many, badly damaged). Supplementary stations (approximate repeti- tions in 1907 of the following stations)*: 7526 (few small dead), 7543 (few small dead, on shell), 7549 (many dead, on stones), 7551 (1 dead, detached), 7651 (cluster of dead, on shell fragment), 7656 (on living Crepidula fornicata), 7662 (many dead and few living, on Balanus eburneus — Continued. shells), 7663 (many living and dead, on several kinds of mollusks), 7761 (dense clusters, living, on small stones), 7766 (many dead, on small stones), 7783 (several dead, detached). Phalarope stations: 161* (1 dead), 163* (2 dead), 167* (1 dead). The rate of growth of this species is indicated by the fact that specimens ranging from 20 to 26 mm. in diameter at the base were taken in abundance from the bottom of a whaleboat which had been moored within the inclosure of the local pier from May till November or December, 1908. Balanus sp. (largely, perhaps wholly, B. eburneus). Under this head are included such specimens from the Survey dredgings as were poorly pre- served or very young; also such as were listed by the collectors in the field, and not reserved for subsequent examination. Unless species occur in these waters which have not thus far been reported, it is very probable that the great majority of these records refer to B. eburneus. Balanus balanoides seem to be wholly confined to the intertidal zone, and, so far as we are aware, not a single specimen has been taken by us in the dredge. Moreover it can be distinguished at a glance from the former. The only other species recorded during the survey dredging are B. crenatus and B. porcatus. These are both comparatively rare, and the larger speci- mens, at least, are readily distinguished from B. eburneus. (See discussion on p. 129, 130). It has accordingly been thought best to combine the following stations with those of (known) B. eburneus upon a single distribution chart. Fish Hawk stations: 7523 bis (several living), 7530 (2 dead), 7530 bis (few on shells), 7539 bis (few), 7541, 7542, 7543 (numerous on shells and stones), 7544 (few), 7549 bis (many living on Polynices heros), 7550, 7550 bis, 7553 bis (many), 7556 bis (many dead), 7560 (few), 7563 bis (few dead), 7564 (several collections), 7564 bis (many), 7574 (few on Polynices), 7578 (many), 7579 (few), 7591 (1), 7598 (1 on Crepidula shell), 7616 (few), 7617 (few), 7620 (several), 7624 (few), 7626 (many), 7627 (several), 7629, 7631 (several), 7632 (few), 7636, 7643 (few), 7644 (few), 7646, 7650 (several), 7651 (many on Crepidula fornicata), 7652 (many dead), 7653 (many), 7655 (several), 7656 (few), 7658 (few), 7659 (few), 7660 (few), 7662 (several), 7665, 7668, 7670 (few), 7672, 7674, 7675, 7680, (2 living on a See general discussion#on p. 129, 130. BULLETIN OB THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Balanus — Continued. shells), 7681 (many on Polynices ), 7701, 7739, 7744, 7756, 7757, 7760, 7761, 7766, 7767, 7770, 7772> 7773. (few small), 7774, 7775, 7776, 7777, 7778. 7779. 778o, 7783. Supplementary stations (approximate repeti- tions in 1907 of the following stations): 7542 (a number on shells), 7592 (few on Polynices shell, dead and overgrown by H ydractinia) , 7728 (several on shell), 7739 (1 small dead, detached). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 6 (many alive), 7 (few shells), 16 (1 dead), 17 (several on shells), 18 (on Polynices ), 22 (few living), 28 (few dead), 35 (few dead), 36 (1), 42 (frag- ments), 68 (on Polynices ), 71 (on V ermicularia) , 72 (several), 73 (few), 76 (many on shells), 80 (few dead), 83 (few), 84 (many masses), 85, 88, 90, 93 (dead), 98, 103, 107, no, 112, 113, 114, (common), 115, 117 (few), 118, 121, 123 (few), 126 (few dead), 129, 135, 139, 144. Balanus porcatus Costa. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 81. Off Nobska. — Rathbun. Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7608, 2 specimensf, one or both living, the largest measuring about 55 by 65 mm. Off West Chop, July 17, 1908*, one liv- ing specimen, attached to a mussel shell. Spec- imens with opercular plates incomplete or lacking, and therefore impossible to identify with certainty, were taken in the eastern part of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk stations 7523 bis (2 on stones), 7524 (station number some- what doubtful, a single specimen), 7763 (1907 repetition); also near Phalarope station n (Aug. 18, 1908). Balanus crenatus Bruguiere. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 579, 381, etc.; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 82. Piles of wharf at Vineyard Ha verify, clusters of large specimens taken by our collectors in 1906 and 1909. The largest of these was 24 mm. in diameter at the base. Three large dead speci- mens, doubtfully identified* (opercular plates almost wholly lacking), were found attached to a shell, taken near the mouth of Buzzards Bay, at a 1907 repetition of Fish Hawk station 7662. The largest was 18 mm. across at the base. These may be B. porcatus, however. On the other hand, those specimens which were doubtfully assigned to B. porcatus may in reality belong here. In view of the few du- bious records from the Survey dredging, we may well doubt the statement of Verrill and Smith that this species is “dredged abun- dantly in Vineyard Sound.” Balanus hameri (Ascanius). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 83. “Off Chatham; off Marthas Vineyard;” from 16 fathoms down (perhaps not properly to be in- cluded within the region). Balanus halanoides (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 579, 304, etc.; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 82. Generally distributed and enormously abundant on rocky shores, between tides; also found in great profusion upon piles and other sub- merged timbers. Darwin expressed the doubt whether this species ever lived below the low- est tides. In any case, not a single specimen has been found among all the barnacles dredged by the survey. Nauplii liberated in great numbers at Woods Hole in last week of December (1899). — Bigelow. Chthamalus stellatus (Poli). Sumner, 1909, p. 373. Abundant on rocks and piles everywhere along the shores of the region, being confined, appar- ently, to the intertidal zone. “ It extends con- siderably higher upon the boulders than does Balanus halanoides , with which, however, it is associated at a lower level. ... In local waters, so far as I have seen, Chthamalus never grows in such dense clusters as does Balanus halanoides, and indeed it appears unable to compete very successfully with the latter in its proper zone.” Despite its world-wide distri- bution, and its abundance locally, this species has not apparently been previously recorded for New England. (See discussion, on p. 190.) Eggs were taken by Dr. M. A. Bigelow during two different summers throughout the month of July. Family LEPADimE. Lepas fascicularis Ellis & Solander. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 579, 382, etc.; Bige- low, 1902, p. 65; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 85; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 81 (“ Lepas fasciculatus’’: ap- parently a misprint). Vineyard Sound, and probably all local waters connecting with the open sea, growing in clus- ters upon drifting Fucus, Ascophyllum, and Sar- gassum or upon floating wood .sometimes in great abundance. Taken in June, July, and August. As regards reproduction, M. A. Bigelow states that when first taken locally during the summer season the eggs are mostly in advanced stages, though early stages have been found in June. Lepas pectinata Spengler. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 579, 382, etc.; Bige- low, 1902, p. 65; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 84; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 81. (No local records, ex- cept by Bigelow.) BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY 647 Lepas pectinata — Continued. Bigelow records this species locally (Vineyard Sound or Buzzards Bay). Vineyard Sound, on floating Ascophyllum, and in independent clusters, July 1, icioit* (collected by V. N. Edwards). Lepas anatifera Linnaeus. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 580, 382, etc.; Bige- low, 1902, p. 65; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 84; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 79. Taken in various parts of Vineyard Sound during the months of July and August; found upon the bottoms of ships, and attached to floating planks and sargassum, sometimes in large numbers. Specimens in Woods Hole museum, dated July 5, 1904!, August 2gf, August 3of, and September 5, i9o6f. (All attached to sar- gassum . ) Bigelow notes that maturation and cleavage stages, as well as advanced eggs, were on one occasion found in great numbers in the middle of August. Lepas hilli (Leach). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 84; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 80 (no local records). Woods Hole, from German bark. — Rathbun. Woods Hole, December 11, 1888*; Vineyard Sound, July 1, 1901; enormous cluster*; Gay Head, July 23, 1901!; Vineyard Sound, on floating wood, July 5, 1904!; Menemsha Bight, on gulfweed, August 28, 1906!; New Bedford Harbor, on bottom of whaling vessel, August, i9o6t; Vineyard Sound, August 29, 1906!- Lepas hilli — Continued. (Foregoing specimens for the most part col- lected by V. N. Edwards.) Abundant during the summer of 1909, several large clusters being brought in. Found by Mr. Edwards and oth- ers, growing upon buoys anchored in local wa- ters, though this is not probably a common occurrence. Lepas anserifera Linnaeus. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 580, 382; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 84; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 80. Nobska Beach.— Rathbun. Off Marthas Vine- yard.— Pilsbry. Conchoderma auritum (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 580, 390; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 85; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 99. Woods Hole, on ship’s bottom. — Rathbun, Pils- bry. Conchoderma virgatum (Spengler). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 580, 392; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 85; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 99. Woods Hole, on ship’s bottom. — Rathbun, Pils- bry. Woods Hole, on bottom of Italian bark, August, 1887 (perhaps the same specimens as referred to in the foregoing record). Off Gay Head, on Molar — Pilsbry. New Bedford, sev- eral specimens taken from a whaling vessel, August, 1906!; also taken in abundance in the same harbor by Mr. Gray’s collectors. Several specimens of this species are attached to the top of the head of a large gar ( Tylosurus acus) in the Woods Hole collection. Order AMPHIPQDAA Family Vibiliid^E. Vibilia viatrix Bovallius. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 50. Off Marthas Vineyard, at the surface (doubt- fully determined by Holmes); off Newport. — Rathbun. Family Hyperiid/TJ. Hyperia galba (Montagu). Holmes, 1905, p. 464; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 50. Woods Plole; commonly found in Aurelia. — Holmes. Identified by Dr. Kunkel in nine different lots of amphipods, collected by Mr. Edwards at Woods Hole in April, May, June, and October. Some of these were freely swim- ming; others in the medusae Tima formosa and Cyanea arctica (?). Hyperia medusarum (Muller). Verrill, 1875a, p. 38; Holmes, 1905, p. 464 (not listed for this region); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 50. (Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 567 and 439, likewise mention an unidentified Hyperia, found upon Cyanea). Vineyard Sound and northward on Cyanea arctica and other jellyfishes. — Verrill. Hyperoche ahyssorum (Boeck). Holmes, 1905, p. 464 (not listed for local waters). Specimens thus identified by Dr. Kunkel were taken at Woods Hole, in surface tow, April 27 and May 24, 1906. Euthemislo compressa (Goes). Holmes, 1905, p. 464; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 51. “Off Marthas Vineyard.” — Holmes. The sta- tions listed by this writer are , however, beyond “Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Dr. D. J. Cole; those from points designated by a dagger (t) by Dr. S. J. Holmes; those from points designated by a double dagger (f) by Dr. B. \V. Kunkel. 648 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Euthemisto compressa — Continued. the limits of the region. Woods Hole, in sur- face tow, December 22, 1904,} and November 10, 19054. Euthemisto bispinosa (Boeck). Holmes, 1905, p. 465; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 51. Vineyard Sound. — Holmes. Woods Hole, in surface tow, November io, 19054 and June 10, 19064 Family Phronimid/E. Phronima sedentaria (Forskal). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 567, 439 ( Phronima sp.); Holmes, 1905, p. 465 (no local records)-; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 51 (no local records). Smith states that a species of this genus “was taken at the surface in company with Salpa, off Gay Head, early in September.” This was “closely allied to P. atlantica of Guerin. Family Oxycephalic . ? Oxycephalus clausi Bovallius. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 51. “Off Marthas Vineyard, surface.” (Doubtful whether the locality lay within limits of region.) Family ScELiC. Thyropus sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 567; M. J. Rathbun, 1905. P- 52- “A single specimen of a species of this genus was taken with the Phronima and Salpa, off Gay Head, early in September.” — Smith. Family OrchestiiC. Talorchestia longicornis (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 556, 336, etc.; Holmes 1905, p. 468; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 52. Of very general distribution on sandy beaches, in burrows, at or above high-water mark. Noc- turnal in habits: may be caught by the use of a lantern at nights. — Holmes. Females with eggs noted among specimens col- lected in July and August, 1906. — Kunkel. Talorchestia megalophthalma (White). Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 556, 336, etc.; Holmes, 1905, p. 469; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 52- Woods Hole, much less common than T. longi- cornis, but lives in similar situations. — Holmes. Recorded from Nobska Beach J and Robin- sons Hole £ at or above high tide. Found among specimens taken at station 7537 (1906) at a depth of 10 fathoms J (perhaps caught by dredge near surface). a A curious belief seems prevalent at seashore resorts to the of these vermin in the houses is thus explained and excused. Orchestia agilis Smith. Beach flea. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 555, 314, etc. (sp. nov.), Bumpus, 1898b; Holmes, 1905, p. 470; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 53. Distribution very general locally, occurring under masses of dead seaweed thrown up on the beaches; often enormously abundant.0 Seldom found so far up on the beach as Talor- chestia, and is much more active in the day- time . — ( Holmes) . Found to be carrying eggs and embryos on June 20. — Bumpus. One female with eggs among specimens collected August 13. — Kunkel. Orchestia palustris Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 555, 468 (sp. nov.); Holmes, 1905, p. 471; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 53- In salt marshes, occurring under driftwood, vege- table debris, etc., extending its range nearly or quite up to fresh water; may occupy nearly dry places above high-water mark. — Smith. Identified by Dr. Kunkel among collections made at New Bedford Harbor, above high tide; Nobska Beach, among driftweed; Cedar Tree Neck, on shore. Allorchestes littoralis Stimpson. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 556, 315, etc. ( Hyale littoralis)', Holmes, 1905, p. 472; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 53. No definite local records given by any of the writers cited, though it is stated that this spe- cies is prevalent on the whole New England coast. Specimens have been identified by Dr. Kimkel from the following points: Tide pool on Naushon side of Robinsons Hole, Au- gust 18, 1906 (2 females with eggs); Tarpaulin Cove, August 9, 1906 (1); from algae on rocks at Scraggy Neck, August 16, 1906 (many); Woods Hole, in surface tow, February 22, 1905 (1); from hydroids, growing on Lepas, Vine- yard Sound, August 9, 1904 (1). Holmes states that this species occurs high up on the beach, thus showing an approach to a ter- restrial habitat. Hyale prevostii (Milne Edwards). A specimen thus identified by Dr. Kimkel was taken in shallow water at Round Hill Point, August 14, 1906. Family Lysianassid/E. Anonyx nugax (Phipps). Holmes, 1905, p. 473; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 54- effect that the beaches are tenanted by real fleas. The presence BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 649 Anonyx nugax — Continued. Often found in great abundance near Woods Hole.— Holmes. Woods Hole and Vineyard Sound, surface and bottom. — Rathbun. A number of specimens identified by Dr. Kunkel were taken in surface tow, Woods Hole, Janu- ary 23, 1902. ? Anonyx nobilis Stimpson. A number of specimens taken at Fish Hawk sta- tion 7604 (Crab Ledge in 19 fathoms, gravel and sand) were referred to this species by Dr. Holmes, with the comment that this was “not really an Anonyx. ” Tryphosa pinguis (Boeck). Holmes, 1905, p. 473; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 54- Often taken in abundance near Woods Hole; sometimes in company with Anonyx nugax. — ' Holmes. Off Gay Plead. — Rathbun. Three records from tow collections made at Woods Hole in December and January }. Females with eggs taken in January. — Kunkel. Hippomedon serratus Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 473 (sp. nov.); Rathbun, 1905, P- 54- Newport. — Holmes. Hoplonyx cicada Fabricius. Holmes, 1905, p. 474; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 54. Often taken in considerable numbers near Woods Hole; from 20 fathoms down. — Holmes. Off Marthas Vineyard on trawl line. — Rathbun. Woods Hole, in surface tow, January 13, 1905 (many).J Lysianopsis alba Holmes. [Chart 85.] Holmes, 1905, p. 475 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, i9°S. P- 55- Eel Pond, Nobska. — Holmes. Eastern half of Vineyard Sound, at n stations; dredged only twice elsewhere; dredged in 4 to 13 fathoms on bottoms of sand and gravel. — Survey. Common also in mud. — Holmes. Fish Hawk stations*: 7521 bis (2), 7532 bis (7), 7537 bis (1), 7549 bis (1), 7748 (1 with eggs), 775i (i)> 7764 (1). 7776 (1), 778o (i)> 7782 (1 with eggs). Phalarope stations: 63 (4)*, 120 (i)f, 132 (2)f. Lysianassa sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 556, 431, etc. Several times dredged in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Family Pontoporeiidaj. Haustorius arenarius (Slabber) [Chart 86.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 556, 339, etc. ( Lepi - dactylus dytiscus)] S. I. Smith, 1882b, p. 280 ( Lepidactylus arenarius ); Holmes, 1905, p. 476; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 55. Vineyard Sound. — Smith. Newport. — Rath- bun. Smith states that this form frequents sandy shores, agreeing in itshabits with Hippa; that it is likewise taken in 5 to 10 fathoms, on sandy bottoms. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound; only one record for Buzzards Bay, near Cutty- hunk; taken in 1 to 13 fathoms, chiefly on sandy bottoms. Recorded from shore collec- tions at Katama Bayf and Tarpaulin Covef. Fish Hawk stations: 7568 (i)t, 7704 (4)*, 7705 (1)*, 7726 (1)*, 7727 (x small)*, 7779 (1)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 33 (1 small)f, 37 0)*> 42 (1)*, 51 (1)*, 55 (i)f. 99 0 small)*. Family Phoxocephalid,e. Phoxocephalus holbolli (Kroyer). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 556, 501 ( Phoxus Kroyeri); Holmes, 1905, p. 477; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 56. Vineyard Sound; rare, and usually in deep wa- ter.— Smith. Newport. — Rathbun. Phala- rope stations 127! (Ouisset Harbor), and 160* (west shore of Buzzards Bay). — Survey. Paraphoxus spinosus Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 477 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 56. Newport, taken by S. D. Judd. — Holmes. West- ern end of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk sta- tions 7686* and 7723}; surface tow at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, June, 1906];; July, 1905!; October, 1905J. Harpinia plumosa (Kroyer). Holmes, 1905, p. 478; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 56. South of Marthas Vineyard, from 20 fathoms down. — Rathbun. It is possible that this does not occur within the region. Urothoe sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 556. “A species . . . apparently belonging to this genus, was taken in great numbers at the sur- face at Woods Hole, on the evening of July 3, and on one or two other occasions.” — Smith. 650 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family AmpeuscidjS. Ampelisca macrocephala Lilljeborg. [Chart 87.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 561 ( Ampelisca sp.); Verrill, 1875a, p. 38; Holmes, 1905, p. 479; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 56. Common and of general distribution in Buz- zards Bay; in Vineyard Sound taken only at Tarpaulin Cove and Menemsha Bight ; dredged at depths of from 2 to 12 fathoms, on bottoms of mud and muddy sand. — Survey. Also re- corded from Wareham RiverJ and from Bay end of Robinsons Hole]:. The local distribu- tion of this species is extremely interesting in comparison with that of A. spinipes. Listed for Newport by Rathbun. Fish Hawk stations: 7601 (i)t, 7612 (few)*, 7613 (about 12)*, 7614 (1)*, 7616 (1)*, 7618 (few)*, 7620 (1)*, 7622 (2)f, 7625 (3)*, 7640 (2)*, 7648 (2)*, 7650 (few)*, 7651 (1)*, 7652 (several)*, 7653 (1)*, 7655 (1)*, 7668 (3)*, 7675 (4)*, 7724 (2) *, 773° (1)*. Supplementary stations (1909)$: 7615 (1), 7636 (4), 7645 (2), also sev- eral unchartered Bay stations. Phalarope stations: 19 (many)*, 78 (few)*, 79 (1)*, 95 (2)*, 107 (several)*, 123 (1)*, 138 (1)*, 151 (2)t, 152 (3 small)*, 162 (6)*, 166 (1)*. Supplementary station 165 (1909) J. Ampelisca spinipes Boeck. [Chart 88.] Holmes, 1905, p. 480; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 57- Woods Hole, Newport. — Holmes. Common and of general distribution throughout both Vine- yard Sound and Buzzards Bay; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, chiefly on bottoms of sand or sandy mud. — .Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (1)*, 7525 (2)f, 7525 bis (3) *, 7532 bis (1)*, 7533 bis (2)*, 7535 (many)f, 7536 (i)t. 7537 bis (2)*, 7541 bis (1)*, 7546 bis (i)f, 7549 bis (*)*> 7552 (i)t> 7554bis (1)*, 7565 bis (1)*, 7585 (i)f, 76iot, 7612 (several)*, 7616 (1) *, 7625 (several young)f, 7629 (1 small)*, 7630 (2) *, 7640 ( ? 1 small)*, 7642 (1 small)*, 7648 (1)*, 7652 (several)*, 7653 (2 small females), 7659 (2)f, 7671 (1)*, 7680 ( several)]-, 7682 (2)*, 7683 (1)*, 7686 (several)*, 7698 (1)*, 7710 (1)*, 7724 (several)*, 7725I-, 7730 (3)*, 7732 (1)*, 7750 (2)t, 7751 (2)*. 7752 (2, 1 with eggs)*, 7759 (2)t- Supplementary stations]:: (1906) 7748; (1909) 7627, 7636, 7659, 7668. Phalarope stations: 1 (few)f, 64 (1)*, 74 (1)*, 75 (3) *, 84 (1)*, 95 (1)*, 114 (i)*> 123 (1)*, 131 (2)]* , 154 (2)*, 159 (1)*, 160 (1)*, 163 (2)*, 165 (1)*. Supplementary stations (1909)]: 83, 165. Ampelisca compressa Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 480 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905. P- 57- Vineyard Sound, Newport. Ampelisca agassizi (Judd). Judd, 1896, p. 599 ( Byblis agassizi)', Holmes, 1905, p. 481; Rathbun, 1905, p. 57. Newport, June 20, about a dozen specimens taken. — Judd. Ampelisca sp. Fish Hawk station 7728; Phalarope station 102. Byblis serrata Smith. [Chart 89.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 561, 501 (sp. nov.); Judd, 1896, p. 596; Holmes, 1905, p. 482; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 58. Deep water off Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, fine compact mud and sand, 20 to 29 fathoms. — Smith. Newport. — Judd. Com- mon at western end of Vineyard Sound; scat- tered stations elsewhere, including a few in Buzzards Bay; dredged in 3 to 19 fathoms, chiefly on sandy bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7584 (i)f, 7585 (2)*, 7586 (i)f*, 7616 (1)*, 7621 (1)*, 7668 (1)*, 7679 (1)*, 7680 ( several)]-, 7682 (1)*, 7683*, 7685 (2)*, 7686 (1 female)*, 7687 (few)*, 7698 (1)*, 7709 (1)*, 7710 (many)*, 7730 (4)*. Phalarope stations; 55 (several)f, 63 (1)*, 130 (1)*. Family Stegocephalidze. Stegocephalus inflatus Kroyer. Holmes, 1905, p. 482; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 59- Near Woods Hole. — Holmes. Woods Hole in surface tow, September 10* (collected by V. N. Edwards). Family Stenothoid^. Stenothoe cypris Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 485 (sp nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 60. Woods Hole on piles, September, 1900; among masses of Pennaria from Grassy Island. Holmes. Stenothoe minuta Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 485 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 60. Woods Hole on piles and among seaweed. — Holmes. Fish Hawk stations: 7552 bis (1), 7760 (about 12). Females with eggs taken in August and Septem- ber.— Kunkel. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 651 Family CEdicerid.®. Monoculodes edwardsi Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 488 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 61. Woods Hole, a single specimen taken by V. N. Edwards; taken by Judd, at Newport. — Holmes. Woods Hole, in surface tow, January 11, 1906^ Monoculodes sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 556. A single specimen which was referred to this genus was taken in Vineyard Sound, Decem- ber 21, by V. N. Edwards. Family Paramphitiioidze. Sympleustes latipes (Sars). Holmes, 1905, p. 490 (not listed for local waters). One small specimen, thus identified by Dr. Kunkel, was dredged at Fish Hawk station 7718. Sympleustes glaber (Boeck). Holmes, 1905, p. 490 (not listed for local waters); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 62 (listed only from Eastport, Me.). One specimen, thus identified by Dr. Kunkel, was taken at Woods Hole, in surface tow, June 21, 1901. Family Lafystiidze. Lafystius sturionis Kroyer. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 557, 457; Holmes, 1905, P- 492’ M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 63. From the mouth of a goosefish ( Lophius piscato- rius) taken in Vineyard Sound. — Smith. Seven specimens J taken by Mr. Fdwardsfrom the gills of Lophius , November 24, 1904; 3 others + from the same host, October 20, 1905; 7 others j in surface tow at Woods Hole, Oc- tober 20, 1904. Each lot contained females with eggs. Family Caluopiid.E. Calliopius Iceviusculus (Kroyer). [Chart 90.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 557,315, etc. ; ? Judd, 1896, p. 593 ( Calliopius rathkei ); Bumpus, 1898b; Holmes, 1905, p. 494; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 64. Western end of Vineyard Sound, Robinsons Hole, one station near West Chop; dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms on bottoms of sand and stones. — Sur- vey. Recorded locally in surface tow during at least eight monthsof the year J; also collected along shore at various points in the vicinity J ; abundant on a piece of floating gulf weed, taken in July.f Calliopius Iceviusculus — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (1)*, 7685 (few)*, 7701 (many small)*, 7707 (few) f, 7723*, 7725 (1),* 7728 (2),* 7731 (few small). f Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 20 (i),t 21 (1)*, 44 (1)*, 45 (several)*, 46 (3)*, 47 (1)*, 48 (1) *. Females with eggs taken in tow throughout the year. — -Kunkel . This species has been taken from the stomach of a tomcod (Smith), and from an anchovy (Cole). Apherusa gracilis Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 495 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 65. Off Gay Head, 2 specimens. Pontogenia inermis (Kroyer). [Chart 91.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 557, 519; Holmes, 1905, p. 496; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 65. Surface of Vineyard Sound in March. — Smith. Western end of Vineyard Sound, common; few records elsewhere; dredged at from 2 to 17 fathoms, chiefly at depths of 8 fathoms or more; for the most part on sandy bottoms. — Survey. Also reported for tide pools, and in local tow, April and May. Fish Hawk stations: 7594!, 7676 ( 1 )f , 7678 (sev- eral):]:, 7685 (several)*, 7686 (young)f, 7689 (2) *, 7690 (1 small)*, 7698 (4)*, 7699 (i)f, 7700 (?i)}, 7701 (many small)*, 7702 (2)!, 7706 (3)!, 7707 (few)t, 7709 (6)*, 7718 (i)|, 7719 (1)*, 7720 (4 young)f, 7723 (i)t> 7725 (several)*, 7728 (many)*, 7729 (several)f, 7730 (10 small)*, 7731 (many small)*, 7777 (1 young)J. Phalarope stations: 58 (1)*, 87 (1 male)*, 103 (1)*, in (*)*• Family Atylid.E. Dexamine thea Boeck. Holmes, 1905, p. 498; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 66. Woods Hole, a female carrying eggs, June 25. — Holmes. Phalarope station 37 (Sow and Pigs Reef), 2 specimensf. Robinsons Hole, on weed from wharf pile, January 5, 1905$ (col- lected by V. N. Edwards). Family Bateid.®. Batea secunda Holmes. [Chart 92.] Holmes, 1905, p. 499 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 66. Near Woods Hole; off Nobska, in about 6 fath- oms.— Holmes. Vineyard Sound, common, chiefly in eastern half; one station near middle of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 4 to 13 fathoms, chiefly on bottoms of sand and gravel. — Sur- vey. Also recorded from surface tow, Woods Hole Harbor, May and Octoberf . 652 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Bated secunda — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7527 bis (1)*, 7539 bisf, 7549 bis (few)*, 7552 bis (few)f, 7553 bis (5)$, 7554 bis(i)f, 7563 bis (3)*, 7564 bis(3)t, 761st, 7732*< 7739 (3)*. 7753 (2)*. 7754 (i)t. 7755 (*)*> 776° (1)*, 7764 (3)f, 7766 (3)t, 7768!, 7769 (several)t, 7770 (6)*, 7772 (3)f, 7775$, 7776 (3)*- 777s (x with eggs)*, 7783 (few)*. Females with eggs taken in August. — Kunkel. Family Gammarid^. Gammarus locusta (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 557, 314, etc. ( Gammarus ornatus ); Holmes, 1905, p. 500; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 67. Distribution general along shores, between tides. Recorded for a considerable number of points on shoresof Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound ; taken in surface tow in December and June. Dredged by the Survey at a few stations, in 2 to 5 fathoms. Blue Wing stations* (all at Gay Head): 45 (2 small), 47 (few), 48 (1). Females with eggs taken in August. — Kunkel. Gammarus annulatus Smith. [Chart 93.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 557, 314, etc. (G. annulatus, sp. nov.), 558, 439, etc. (G. nata- tor ); Holmes, 1905, p. 501; M. J. Rathbun 1905, p. 67. Vineyard Sound, under stones, among rockweed , etc . , on shore ; also in vast numbers at the sur- face, usually among floating weed. — Smith. Nine scattered stations in Vineyard Sound; one in Quicks Hole; none in Buzzards Bay; dredged in 1 y2 to 13 fathoms.— Survey. Also recorded from Round Hill Point, between tides!; and in surface tow at Woods HoleJ, for the months of January, March, April, May, June, July, and December. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (5)*, 7547 bis (i)f, 7551 (J)t. 7554 (3)t. 7557 (many)t. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 3 (20)*, 29 (1)*. 33 (1 small)t, 49*. 51 (*)t- Females with eggs recorded for April, May, and June. — Kunkel. Smith records the occurrence of this species in the stomach of the haddock, tomcod, herring, and mackerel. Gammarus marinus Leach. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 559, 314, etc. ; Holmes 1905, p. 502; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 67. Woods Hole, Weepecket, Cuttyhunk, and other places in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; Newport. LTnder stones, below high-water mark; sometimes abundant. Carino gammarus mucronatus (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 559, 370, etc. ( Gam- marus mucronatus)', Holmes, 1905, p. 503; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 68. Of general distribution. Eel Pond*, New Bed- ford Harbor];, West Falmouth Harbori, Ka- tama Bay!, head of Lagoon Pond!. New- port.— Rathbun. Found upon algae and among eelgrass, even in brackish waters. Females with eggs recorded August, 1906. Smith records the occurrence of this species in the stomach of the tomcod and spotted flounder ( Lophopsetta maculata). Melita dentata (Kroyer). Holmes, 1905, p. 504; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 68 (no local records). Buzzards Bay. — Holmes. Melita nitida Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 560, 314, etc. (sp. nov.); Holmes, 1905, p. 505; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 69. Woods Hole, near “breakwater.” — Holmes. Beneath stones and among rockweed at low tide; among eelgrass in brackish waters. — Smith. Specimens identified by Dr. Kunkel from shore collections at Wareham River and West Falmouth Harbor, August, 1906. Melita parvimana Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 506 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 69. A single specimen taken by S. D. Judd at New- port. Elasmopus Icevis (Smith). [Chart 94.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 559, 315, etc. ( Mocra Icevis, sp. nov.); Holmes, 1905, p. 507; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 69. Vineyard Sound, beneath stones and among rockweed at low tide. — Smith. Pretty gener- ally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound, especially at inshore stations; taken a few times along the eastern shore of Buzzards Bay; dredged for the most part at depths of 10 fath- oms or less (2 to i3)on bottoms of sand , gravel, and stones. — Survey. Recorded from shore collections! at Nobska Point, Katama Bay, Wareham River, and New Bedford Harbor. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (2)*, 7541 bis (1 with eggs)*, 7547 bis (1)*, 7552 bis (1)*, 7553 bis (2)!, 7564 bis (1 small)!, 7706*, 7721 (2)!, 7725 (i)t, 7731 (1)*, 7751 (1 small)*, 7764 (few, mostly small)*, 7767 (1)*, 7768 (several)*, 7775 i1 small)*. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 653 Elasmopus larvis — Continued. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 8 (2)*, 20 (3)t» 21 (2)*, 22 (1 small)*, 32 (4)*, 34 (few)*, 37 (few)*, 44 (1)*, 45 (2)*, 48 (1 male)*, 49 (2)*, 63 (3)*, 67 (2)*, 73 (2 very small)*, 77 (1)*, 112 (3)*, 117 (2)f, 131 (1)*. Females with eggs noted in August. — Kunkel. Gammarellus angulosus (Rathke). Holmes, 1905, p. 508; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 70. (By neither of these writers is this species recorded for the region.) Taken by the Survey at Blue Wing stations 47 (few)*, and 5if (very many); both at Gay Head in less than 2 fathoms of water. Family PhoTid^. Microdeutopus gryllotalpa Costa. Verrill and Smith, 1813, p. 562, 479, etc. (Micro- deutopus minax); Holmes, 1905, p. 514; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 70. Vineyard Sound, sometimes abundant on eel- grass in brackish ponds. — Smith. Eel Pond, common. — Holmes, Cole. Identified by Dr. Kunkel in shore collections made at Katama Bay on sand flat, Robinsons Hole, New Bed- ford Harbor on algae from rocks, West Fal- mouth Harbor. Many females with eggs taken in August. — Kun- kel. Microdeutopus danmonensis (Bate). Holmes, 1905, p. 515; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 70. Eel Pond, common. — Holmes. Near Naushon; eastern side of Buzzards Bay, at 2 stations; dredged in 4 to 5 fathoms of water. — Survey. Collected, also, upon piles at Woods HoleJ and Vineyard Haven J, and from shore in West Falmouth Harbor J. Fish Hawk station 7537 bis (1)*. Phalarope stations: 117 (1 male)*, 132 (s)f. Females with eggs taken in August. — Kunkel. Microdeutopus sp. Phalarope stations: 127! (Quisset Harbor), 158* (Wareham River). Autonoe smithi Holmes. [Chart 95.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 562, 415 ( Autonoe sp.); Holmes, 1905, p. 516 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 71. Vineyard Sound, common; found “in tubes in masses of a compound ascidian (Amour oucium pellucidum Verrill) in 3 to 8 fathoms.” — Smith. Eastern half of Vineyard Sound, at n stations; eastern shore of Buzzards Bay (upper half) ; only taken once elsewhere; dredged in 3 to 13 fath- Antonoe smithi — Continued. oms, chiefly on bottoms of sand and gravel. — Survey. Collected, also, at Wareham wiver, August 15, 1906 J. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (1)*, 7544 (i)f, 7616 (1)*, 7700 f, 7732 (several)*, 7738 (1)*, 7739 (4)*, 7757 (2)*> 7759 0)t> 7764 (2)*, 7776 0)*. 7777 (4)t» 7782 (i)t- Phalarope stations: 117 (i)f, 118 (1)*, 144 f, 147 (i)*- Ptilocheirus pinguis Stimpson. [Chart 96.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 561, 431, etc.; Holmes, 1905, p. 522; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 71- Common and generally distrbuted in Buzzards Bay; common, though less general, in Vine- yard Sound; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, on bottoms of mud or sand. — Survey. Recorded, also, from a number of uncharted stations in Buzzards Bay; head of Lagoon Pond, between tides; surface tow, Woods Hole, December. Fish Hawk stations: 7533 bis (2)*, 7537 bis (sev- eral medium and small)*, 7586 (many)f, 7605 (1) f, 7612 (few)*, 7513(8)*, 7614(1)*, 7618 (few)*, 7619 (1)*, 7621 (3)*, 7622 (few)f, 7625 (1 small)*, 7629 (1)*, 7638 (2)*, 7640 (many)*, 7643 (5)*, 7644 (5)*. 7M (1)*, 7650 (3)*. 7651 (n)*> 7652 (about 30)*, 7633 (many)*, 7656 (many)*, 7657 (many)t, 7662 (1)*, 7668 (7)*, 7669 (2)*, 7671 (2) *, 7673 (about 12)*, 7674 (1)*, 7685 (many)*, 7686 (many)*, 7687 (many)*, 7688 (many)f, 7689 (2)*, 7724 (many)*, 7726 (1)*, 7728 (1 moult)f . Supplementary stations (1909)^ : 7636 (12), 7643 (6), 7645 (8), 7659 (1). Phalarope stations: 1 (few)f, 8 (2)*, 19 (many)*, 78 (very many)f, 79 (few)*, 84 (1)*, 91 (sev- eral)*, 95 (2)*, 100 (several)*, 102 (many)* 103 (1)*, no (5)*, 114 (2)*, 120 (1)*, 127 (1)*, 128 (3) *, 160(6)*, 162 (3)*, 165 (7)*. Supplement- ary stations (1909)!: 83 (1), 165 (many). Podoceropsis nitida (Stimpson). Holmes, 1905, p. 524 (no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 71 (no local records). One female specimen, bearing eggs, taken at Fish Hawk station 7722*, in Vineyard Sound, near Gay Head, 13 fathoms, sand. Family Podocerid/E. Amphithoe rubricata (Montagu). [Chart 97.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 563, 315, etc. (Am- phithoe valida and A. maculata)', Holmes, 1905, p. 510; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 72. 654 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. .4 m phithoe rubricata — Continued. Inshore stations of Vineyard Sound, common; Quicks Hole and Robinsons Hole; a few sta- tions on the eastern shore of Buzzards Bay; dredged chiefly at depths of less than 6 fath- oms (i to 13), on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones; almost exclusively confined to the adlittoral stations. — Survey. Recorded also from Nobska Point and Cedar Tree neck}, August, 1906; Woods Hole, in surface tow, October 2, 1904!. Some of the foregoing speci- mens were females with eggs. Smith notes that this species dwells in tubes of gravel, sea- weed, etc., attached to under side of stones at low-water mark; also on Ulva, and among eel- grass on muddy shores. Fish Hawk stations: 7325 bis (2 small)*, 7536 (s)t> 7537 bis (several)*, 7656 (1)*, 7720 (1)*, 77 3° 0)*> 7731 (several)*, 7751 (2)*. Supple- mentary stations (1906); 7525!; (1909); 7670 (1) t- Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (few)}, 20 (s)t, 21 (2)*, 22 (few)*, 25 (many)*, 29 (6)*, 30 (few)*, 32 (several)*, 33 (10)*, 34 (few)*, 37 (few)*, 44 (3)*, 45 (few)*, 46 (4 small)*, 47 (1)*, 48 (many)*, 49 (1 with eggs)*, 51 (several)*, 55 (2) }, 58 (many)*, 63 (4)*, 67 (2)*, 69 (5)*, 73 (3) *, 74 (2)*, 77 (1)*, 86 (2 with eggs)*, 87 (very many)t, 100 (2)*, in (1)*, 112 (2 small)*, 116 (many medium and small)f, 134 (3 small)*. Supplementary station (1909): 83$. Amphithoe longimana Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 563, 370, etc. (sp. nov.); Holmes, 1901, p. 165; 1905, p. 509; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 72. Vineyard Sound, common among eelgrass in sheltered situations; young taken at surface. — Smith. Woods Hole. — Holmes. Newport. — Rathbun. One specimen dredged by the sur- vey at Phalarope station 137*, in Buzzards Bay, near West Falmouth. Recorded from eelgrass in the Eel Pond (many)*; surface tow at end of Bureau of Fisheries pier*; from algae, etc., on shores of Nobska Point!, New Bedford Harbor}, and West Falmouth Harbor! ; pilesof pier, Woods Hole}. Sunamphitoe pelagica (Milne Edwards). Specimens thus identified by Dr. Kunkel were dredged at a 1906 repetition of Fish Hawk sta- tion 7723; also taken upon gulfweed, in Vine- yard Sound, August and September, 1906; and in surface tow, at Woods Hole, October 10, 1905. All of these lots contained females with eggs. Ischyrocerus anguipes Kroyer. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 565, 493, etc. ( Podo - cerus fucicola ); Holmes, 1905, p. 513; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 72. (No local records given by any of these writers.) Gay Head, at Blue Wing stations 44 (2)*, and 52 (1 small)*; 3 to 7 fathoms. — Survey. Also re- corded from nets at Menemsha Bight}. ? Podocerus falcatus (Montagu). Bumpus, 1898b; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 73. Vineyard Sound, surface; determined with doubt by S. I. Smith.- — Rathbun. Taken with eggs during last two weeks of July and first two weeks of August. — Bumpus. Dr. Ffcdmes believes that Jassa marmorata is the species here intended. Jassa marmorata Holmes. [Chart 98]. Holmes, 1905, p. 511 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 73 ( Podocerus marmoratas). Narragansett Bay. — Holmes. Gay Head at 7 sta- tions, Robinsons Hole, Cuttyhunk, Sow and Pigs Reef, a few other points in Vineyard Sound, but no records for the Bay; dredged in 1 to 13 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones.— Survey. Recorded also from piles at Woods Hole}, Vineyard Haven}, Rob- insons Hole}, and Menemsha Bight}; from shore collections at Robinsons Hole} and Cedar Tree Neck; and from surface tow, Woods Hole}, December 11, 1905. One specimen taken from stomach of anchovy caught at Menemsha Bight}. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (1)*, 7723 (2)*, 7745 (1) *. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 20 (few)}, 21 (2) *, 22 (1)*, 30 (1)*, 34 (few)*, 37 (3 very small)*, 44 (many)*, 45 (very many)*, 46 (many)*, 47 (many)*, 48 (1 male, several fe- males)*, 51 (very many)}, 58 (many)*. Grubia compta (Smith). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 564, 370, etc. (Amphithoe compta, sp. nov.); Bumpus, 1898b (. Amphithoe compta)', Holmes, 1905, p. 510; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 73. Vineyard Sound, found among eelgrass and on piles, likewise taken at surface. — Smith. Eel Pond. — Holmes. Upper half of Buzzards Bay at six inshore stations, Lackeys Bay, eastern end of Vineyard Sound (once); dredged in 2 to 5 (in one case 10) fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and mud. — Survey. Recorded, also, from shore collections made at Katama Bay}, Wareham River}, and Dump- ling Rock Light}. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 655 Grubia compta — Continued. Fish Hawk station 7767*. Phalarope stations: 8 (2)f, 118 (several)f, 130 (4) *. 132 (i)t> J35 (2)*, 147 (2)*, iS5 (1 female)*. Breeding throughout July and first week or two in August. — F. M. Watson, cited by Bumpus. Ericthonius rubricornis (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 565 ( Cerapus rubri- cornis)', S’. I. Smith, 1882b, p. 278 (Eric- thonius difformis); Holmes, 1905, p. 5x8; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 73. Vineyard Sound, not common. — Smith. Com- mon near Woods Hole; “ lives in flexible tubes composed of sand or mud stuck together with a small amount of adhesive, weblike mate- rial.”— Holmes. Vineyard Sound, at 8 scat- tered stations; not taken in the Bay; dredged mainly at depths of 10 to 19 fathoms, on various bo ttoms . — Survey . Fish Hawk stations: 7522 bis (? 1 female)*, 7549 bis (2)f, 7564 bis (1 with eggs)f, 7606 (several)f, 7608 (1 female)f, 7729 (several)f, 7730 (1 fe- male)*, 7735 (? 1 with eggs)*, 7746 (? 1 with eggs).* Phalarope station 25 (? 2 females).* Ericthonius minax (Smith). [Chart 99.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 565 (Cerapus minax, sp. nov.); Holmes, 1905, p. 519; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 74. Vineyard Sound. — Smith. Eel Pond; off Gay Head. — Holmes. Of general distribution throughout Vineyard Sound; only one record for Buzzards Bay, near its head; dredged in 4 to 16 fathoms, for the most part at depths of 8 fathoms or more, chiefly on bottoms of sand and gravel. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations; 7524 bis (? 2)*, 7525 bis (1 male, several females)*, 7539 bis (1 male)*, 7546 bis (1)*, 7552 bis (several)*, 7554 (x)f, 7557 (2 females)t, 7560 (2)f, 7563 bis (2)*, 7569 bis (1 male)*, 7582 (4)!?, 7606 (2 males)*, 7632 (1 male)*, 7699 (? 1 female)t, 7704 (1 male)*, 7720 (2)*, 7723 (many)*, 7724 (several)*, 7725 (several)*, 7728 (2)*, 7730 (4 males, 1 female)*, 7731 (few females)*, 7732 (few)*, 7739 (? x fe- male)*, 7740 (1 male, 1 female)*, 7744 (1 male, 1 female)*, 7745 (? several)*, 7751 (few)*, 7752 (?)*> 775s (3)*. 7759 (several)*, 7760 (? 1 fe- male)*, 7764 (many)*, 7767 (several)*, 7768 (5) *. 7769 (several)f, 7775 (several)*, 7777 (3)f. Supplementary stations f (1906): 7567 (J). 7723 (i)- Phalarope stations: 63 (? 1 female)*, 73 (4)*, 77 (? 2 females).* 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 8 Ericthonius sp. Fish Hawk stations: 7538 bis, 7553 bis, 7616, 7734. 7756- Family COROPHIIDZEJ. Cerapus tubularis Say. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 565 (identification made doubtfully); S. I. Smith, 1882b, p. 277; Holmes, 1905, p. 517 (spelled C. tabularis); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 74. Vineyard Sound, 8 to 10 fathoms, in Amourou- cium pellucidum, several females carrying eggs. — Smith. Siphoncecetes smithianus Rathbun. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 566, 501, etc. (S. cuspidatus ); Holmes, 1905, p. 522 (S. cus- pidatus ); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 74 (nom. nov.). Taken in deep water off Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 20 to 29 fathoms, inhabiting tubes constructed of grains of sand. — Smith. Dr. Holmes has not encountered this species. Corophium cylindricum (Say). [Chart 100.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 566, 382, etc.; Holmes 1905, p. 521; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 75. Common and of general distribution in Vineyard Sound; taken at a few inshore stations on the lower half of the eastern side of Buzzards Bay; dredged in from 1 to 13 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones, rarely in mud. — Sur- vey. Recorded also from various points dur- ing the shore collecting. This species dwells in tubes, though frequently leaving these; it is found among weeds and hydroids, on piles and elsewhere, as well as in deeper waters. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis (2)*, 7525 bis (few)*, 7535 bis (1)*, 7536 (4)f, 7537 bis (many)*, 7539 bis (1)*, 7551 bis (2), 7552 bis (several) J, 7557 (1 with eggs)*, 7560 (i)f, 7640 (1)*, 7678$, 7690 (1)*, 7698 (1)*, 7699 (very many)*, 7700, 7701 (i)*> 7703 (2)t. 7721 (several)f, 7722 (1)*, 7723 (few)*, 7724 (few)*, 7728 (many)*, 7730 (2)f, 7732 (several)*, 7739 (2)*, 7744$, 7745 (many)*, 7751 (many)*, 7752 (1 male)*, 7764 (few)*, 7765 (many)f, 7767 (many)*, 7768 (many)f, 7769 (few)f, 7771 (few)*, 7772 (many)*, 7774 (1)*, 7775 (few)*, 7781 (1).* Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 8 (many)*, 20 (several)*, 21 (several)*, 22 (3)*, 25 (many)*, 29 (8)*, 30 (few)*, 32 (many)*, 33 (8)*, 34 (few)*, 37 (several)*, 44 (many)*, 45 (1)*, 46 (several)*, 48-j-, 51 (1), 52 (1)*, 58 (1)*, 63 (2)*, 67 (3)*, 77 (few)*, 87 (many)*, 100 (many)*, 102 (3)*, 111 (few)*, 112 (2).* 656 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Corophium cyli ndricum — Continued . Recorded from the stomach of an anchovy. — L. J. Cole. Females with eggs recorded for January, July, and August. — Kunkel. Unciola irrorata Say. [Chart ioi.j Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 567, 340, etc.; S. I. Smith, 1882b, p. 280; Holmes, 1905, p. 520; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 75. A tube-dwelling species, of very general distri- bution both in the Sound and the Bay; found on every sort of shore and bottom, from low water to the greatest depths in the region. Recorded from many points along shore, as well as from surface tow in April and May. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (2), 7522 bis (several)*, 7524 bis (4)*, 7525 bis (1 small)*, 7526 (1), 7534 (few), 753s (3)!, 7535 bis (10)*, 7537 (several), 7539 bis (1)*, 7543> 7544 (few), 7545 bis*, 7546 bis*, 7549 bis (2)*, 7551 (3)!, 7554 (2)f, 7554 bis (1)*. 755s (2), 756° (i). 75So (1 large), 76°i C1), 7612 (2)*, 7613 (2)*, 7617 (1)*, 7618 (1), 7622 (few)!, 7623 (i)|, 7624 (1)*, 7632 (2)*, 7634(4)*, 7635 (r)*> 7636 (2 large)*, 7640 (2)*, 7651 (2)*, 7652 (4)*, 7653 (several)*, 7661 (1)*, 7662 (1)*, 7667 (1)*, 7668 (1)*, 7672*, 7673 (2)*, 7675 (1)*, 7678 (several)*, 7679 (1)*, 7680 (i)f, 7682 (2)*, 7683 (1)*, 7685 (several)*, 7686 (several)*, 7687 (several)*, 7700 (young)!, 7701 (several)*, 7702 (3)*, 7703 (several)f, 7710 (1 small)*, 7722 (1)*, 7724 (few)*, 7725 (2)*, 7728 (1 fragment)! 7729 (i)f, 7730 (2 small)*, 7731 (ismall)*,7732 (many small)*, 7737 (1 small)!, 7738 (several small)!, 7740 (1 small)*, 7744 (few small)*, 7748 (1)*, 7749 (few small)!, 7753 (few)*, 7756 (several small)*, 7758 (1 small)*, 7759 (5)!, 7760 (many)*, 7761 (4)*, 7765 (1 small)*, 7766 (2 very small)*, 7767 (1)*, 7769 (2)*, 7770 (few small)*, 7772 (2)*, 7773 (several)*, 7774 (2 small)*, 7775 (several small)*, 7778 (2 small)*, 7781 (3 small)*, 7782 (2 young)*, 7783 (2 small)*. Supplementary stations (1909)!: 7615 (1), 7627 (1), 7629, 7636 (few), 7643 (1), 7657 (1), 7668 (1). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 15 (4)!, 19 (few)*, 21 (?), 52 (1)*, 55 (1 small)*, 78 (few)*, 79 (several small)*, 80, 84 (4)*, 86 (1 small)*, 95 (1)*, 99 (several small)*, 107 (1), 114 (2)*, 118 (1)!, 122 (1)*, 127 (several)*, 131 (1)*, 138 (1 small)*, 147 (1)*, 158 (1)*, 161 (1 small)*, 164(1)*, 165 (2)*, 166 (1)*. Supplementary stations (1909)!: 79 (few), 146 (1), 165 (1), Smith reports the occurrence of this species in the food of the scup. Females with eggs taken in May and August. — Kunkel. Family Cheeuridas. Chelura terebrans Philippi. S. I. Smith, 1879a, p. 232; Holmes, 1905, p. 508; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 75. Woods Hole, two specimens recorded by Smith; apparently scarce locally. This amphipod burrows into piles, in association with Limnoria lignorum. Family CaprEELIDA3. YLuconacia incerta Mayer. P. Mayer, 1903, p. 49 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 76. Woods Hole, January, 1882, one young female determined with doubt by Paul Mayer. jEginella longicornis (Kroyer). Holmes, 1905, p. 525; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 76 (jEgina longicornis ). Common and generally distributed in Vineyard Sound, particularly at the western end; listed from only two stations in Buzzards Bay; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, generally at depths of 10 fathoms or more, for the most part on sandy bottoms. — Survey. Recorded, also, from surface tow at Wood s Holej, and from fish pound at Menemsha BightJ. (See also records for “ Caprellidae sp. sp.”.) Fish Hawk stations: 7533 bis (few, taken from Asterias forbesi)*, 7536 bis (?), 7537 bis (very many small, on Asterias vulgaris)*, 7545 bis*, 7547 bis (?), 7552 bis (3)*, 7554!, 7563 bis (3 small)*, 7656 (1), 7676 (several on Asterias)*, 7677 (few medium sized on algae)*, 7678 (many)*, 7679 (2)*, 7680 (few large and small)*, 7681 (several)*, 7685 (many large and medi- um)*, 7686 (few)*, 7693 (2)*, 7698 (4 small)*, 7699 (many)*, 7700 (many)*, 7701 (many)*, 7702 (several), 7703 (many large and small)*, 7704 (several)*, 7706 (very many, including one with eggs)*, 7707 (several large)*, 7709 (many)*, 7710 (?)*, 7717 (few medium sized)*, 7718 (several)*, 7720 (very many, mostly large)*, 7721 (2)*, 7722 (several large), 7723 (many, mostly large)*, 7724 (few large and medium sized)*, 7725 (few, mostly large)*, 7726 (3 small)*, 7727 (several)*, 7728 (few large and medium)*, 7729 (few)*, 7730 (very many, including one with eggs)*, 7731 (many)*, 7735 (4), 7739 (2)*> 7745 C1 small)*, 7764 (1 small)*, 7778 (r small)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 15 (many on Asterias forbesi)*, 22 (? few on Asterias forbesi), 33 (1)*, 46 (few)*, 55 (few large and medium on algae), 58 (2)*, 144 (several small)*. A variety spinosissima Stimpson recorded by Holmes (p. 525), and Rathbun (p. 77). Taken at Crab Ledge (Fish Hawk station 7606)!. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 657 Paracaprella tennis Mayer. P. Mayer, 1903, p. 68 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, I9°5> P- 77- Woods Hole. Described by Mayer from a number of specimens furnished by Prof. Whitman, dated July 30, 1890. Caprella geometrica Say.® Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 567, 316, etc. ( Ca- prella sp. — Verrill’s records perhaps refer to more than one species); Mayer, 1903, p. 87 (C. acutifrons)', Holmes, 1905, p. 526; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 77 ( Caprella acutifrons). “One of the most common species of amphipod on the southern coast of New England.” — Holmes. In the Survey dredging recorded from scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound; from Gay Head (especially common), Robinsons Hole, Quicks Hole; recorded only once for the Bay, near lower end. (See also records for “Caprellidce sp. sp.”.) Dredged in 1 to 13 fathoms, chiefly at depths of less than 10 fathoms, and mainly on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones, where it is usually found clinging to algae, hydroids, etc. Common like- wise among weeds, etc., growing on piles, and on eelgrass; on one occasion taken in great num- bers among Obelia geniculata, from a floating plank in Vineyard Sound; Woods Hole, in surface towf. Fish Hawk stations: 7552 bis (3)*, 7554 (i)f, 7556 (1)*, 7563 bis (1)*, 7564 bis (1 small)f, 7724 (1)*, 7745 (2)*, 7764 (3)*, 7765 (2 small)*, 7768 (3 small)*, 7781 (several)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 20 (several)*, 21 (2)*, 22 (2)*, 29 (2)*, 44 (few)* 45 (many, mostly large)*, 46 (many)*, 47 (several)*, 48 Caprella geometrica — Continued . (1 male)*, 51 (2)*, 58 (1 very small)*, 87 (1 small)*. Eggs observed in the brood pouch, July 15; ma- turing embryos found toward the end of the month. — J. P. McMurrich in Marine Biologi- cal Laboratory card catalogue. Caprella linearis Linnaeus. Holmes, 1905, p. 526 (not listed for local waters); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 78 (not listed for local waters). Dr. Kunkel thus identifies specimens taken by Mr. Edwards in surface tow at Woods Hole, on several occasions in October and November, 1905; likewise upon gulfweed and driftwood in Vineyard Sound. Caprellidce sp. sp. Species of this family (doubtless in the main Caprella geometrica and LEginella longicornis) were taken at many points in Vineyard Sound, and occasionally in Buzzards Bay. It is nec- essary to list them as undetermined since these two species were at first confused in the records. For this reason the relative distribution of the two forms unfortunately can not be accurately portrayed. Fish Hawk stations: 7545 (few), 7551 (many), 7552 bis ?, 7553 bis (1), 7557, 7560 (many), 7568, 7581 (few), 7585 (1), 7591 (1), 7598 (many). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 16 (2 on Bugula), 20 (abundant among red algae), 21 (few on algae), 22 (few on algae), 33 (1), 36 (few) 44 (abundant), 45 (abundant on red algae), 46 (abundant), 47 (common), 48, 51 (common on red algae), 55 (several on Bugula), 57 (few), 58 (several), 67 (many), 74 (1), 82 (1), 134 (few). Amphipods unidentified. Fish Hawk stations: 7580, 7678, 7718, 7728. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 21, 156. Order ISOPODA.& Family Tanaid^. Tanais cavolinii Milne Edwards. Harger, 1879, p. 162 ( Tanais vittatus)', 1880, p. 418 ( Tanais vittatus)', Bumpus, 1898b ( Tanais vittatus)', Richardson, 1901, p. 501; 1905, p. 8 (no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 34 (no local records). Woods Hole, on Bureau of Fisheries pier; Eel Pond; Vineyard Haven on piles. — Osbum. Found on piles, among algae; also in eelgrass. Tanais cavolinii — Continued. According to Bumpus this species was found locally with eggs in various stages of develop- ment early in August. Osbum records the occurrence of unhatched eggs, as well as free- swimming young, during the latter half of July. Leptochelia savignyi (Kroyer). [Chart 103.] Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, pp. 573, 381, etc. ( Tanais filum)', Harger, 1879, p. 162 (Leptochelia algicola)', 1880, p. 421 (Leptochelia a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Dr. R. C. Osbum. !> We have followed Prof. Holmes in retaining this name. Mayer assigns specimens from Woods Hole, examined by him to Caprella acutifrons Latreille. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 658 Leptochelia savignyi — Continued. algicola)', Richardson, 1901, p. 504 ( Leptochelia dubia ); 1905, p. 26; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 35. Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound. — Harger, Rich- ardson. Eel Pond, Hadley Harbor, Vineyard Haven. — Osbum. A few inshore stations along eastern shore of Buzzards Bay; likewise near shore of Sound in vicinity of Woods Hole ; chiefly taken at depths of 6 fathoms or less, on various bottoms. — Survey. Common on piles, among ascidians and hydroids. — Harger. Like- wise found on algae and eelgrass, and living freely at surface. Phalarope stations*: 4 (1), 5 (few), 6 (few), 83, 87 (several), 100 (1), 108, 117 (many among algae), 118 (common), 132 (many), 141 (few). Family Anthurid/E. Cyathura carinata (Kroyer). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, P- 572> 426 ( Anthura brunnea ); Harger, 1879, p. 162 (An- thura polita ); 1880, p. 398 ( Anthura polita)-, Richardson, 1901, p. 508; 1903, p. 63; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 36. Vineyard Sound. — Harger. Tarpaulin Cove, Head of Lagoon Pond, West Falmouth Har- bor.—Osburn. Sand or sandy mud, between tides or just below low-water mark. Ptilanthura tenuis Harger. Harger, 1879, p. 162; 1880, p. 406 (sp. nov.); Richardson, 1901, p. 508 ( Anthura tenuis)', 1905, p. 66; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 35 (An- thura tenuis). Waquoit, in sand at low water, September 8, 1875. — Harger. Calathura branchiata (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 573, 5x1 ( Anthura branchiata)-, Harger, 1879, p. 162 (Paranthura branchiata)-, 1880, p. 402 (Paran- thura branchiata)', Richardson, 1901, p. 59; 1905, p. 72; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 36 (spelled brachiata) . Vineyard Sound. — Harger, Richardson. Rare south of Cape Cod. — Harger. Family CiROLANimE. Cirolana concharum (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 572.746,426, etc. ( Conilera concharum)-, Harger, 1879, p. 161; 1880, p. 378; Richardson, 1901, p. 513; 1905, p. 93; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 36. Woods Hole Harbor, sometimes very common. Vineyard Sound, Eel Pond. — Harger. Musk- keget Channel. — Rathbun. Fish Hawk sta- tion 7533 (1), and Phalarope station 80 (1). Cirolana concharum — Continued. Reported for May and August as well as mid- winter. This isopod is a scavenger, and may sometimes be taken in great numbers in winter from dead fish. — V. N. Edwards. It has been drawn into the water supply of the Woods Hole hatchery in sufficient numbers to block up the cocks. Family Cymothoid^E. Nerocila munda Harger. Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 571 (sp. nov.); Harger, 1879, P- 161 ; 1880, p. 392. Richardson, 1901, p. 528; 1905, p. 223; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 38. Woods Hole and Vineyard Sound, a few speci- mens recorded by Harger. Buzzards Bay traps, near Woods Hole; Menemsha Bight. — Osburn, Linton, Wilson, Edwards. A rather uncommon external parasite on various fishes. First recorded by Harger from the dorsal fin of the large file-fish “ Ceratacanthus aurantiacus” (—Alutera schoepfii). Dorsal fin of Mustelus canis, August 26, 1893. — (F. R. Lillie, in Ma- rine Biological Laboratory card catalogue. Listed as Nerocila sp.). Found by C. B. Wil- son on the pectoral fin of a remora; another found by V. N. Edwards on the same species; 2 reported by Osburn from Alutera schoepfii, at base of dorsal fin; another taken from cheek of butterfish. Livoneca ovalis (Say). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 572, 477; Harger, 1879, p. 162 ; 1880, p. 393; Richardson, 1901, p. 331; 1905, p. 263; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 38. Vineyard Sound; taken from a bluefish near the gills; likewise in one case from scup. — Harger. Woods Hole. — Richardson. Family Limnoriid.E. Limnoria lignorum (Rathke). Gribble. Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 571, 379, etc.; Harger, 1879, P- 161; 1880, p. 373; Rich- ardson, 1901, p. 532; 1903, p. 269; M. J. Rath- bun, 1903, p. 39. Of general distribution along the coast, and abundant locally. This species brnrows into solid wood to the depth of about half an inch, often being “so numerous as to reduce the wood to mere series of thin partitions between the holes. . . . Where abundant it will destroy soft timber at the rate of half an inch or more every year.” — Harger. According to Q. Andrews (cited by Harger), this species has likewise been observed to attack the gutta- percha of submarine cables. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 659 Family Spii/IvROmid/E. Sphosroma quadridentata Say. Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569, 315; Harger, 1879, p. 161 (S. quadridentatum ); 1880, p. 368 (S. quadridentatum ); Richardson, 1901, p. 533; 1905, p. 281; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 39- Vineyard Sound, along the shores, under stones, and among algae. — Harger. Beach near Fort Phoenix, under stones and on peat bank be- tween tides. (Collected by Cole, identified by Osbum.) Family Idothbid^ Chiridotea cceca (Say). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569, 340, etc. ( Idotea caeca)-, Harger, 1879, p. 159; 1880, p. 338; Richardson, 1901, p. 539; 1905, p. 353; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 40. Vineyard Sound, occurring on moist sand flats and burrowing like moles beneath the surface of the sand, raising it up into little ridges as they go along. — Harger. Woods Hole, Tar- paulin Cove. — Richardson. Ivatama Bay, Lagoon Pond, Muskeget, abundant at low water. — Osbum. West Falmouth Harbor. — Cole. Phalaropc station 34 (Sound shore of Cuttyhunk): 1 adult.* Also recorded from a muddy beach and taken by Mr. Edwards in surface tow. About 40 specimens of this isopod were taken by Mr. Edwards from the stomach of a flounder, and one from the stomach of a puffer. ? Chiridotea tuftsii (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569 ( Idotea Tuftsii)', Harger, 1879, p. 159; 1880, p. 340; Richardson, 1901, p. 539; 1905, p. 354; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 40. No local records, although this region lies within the known range of the species. Idothea metallica Bose. Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569, 439 ( Idotea robusta ); Harger, 1879, p. 160; ( Idotea robusta); 1880, p. 349 ( Idotea robusta)-, Bumpus, 1898b ( Idotea robusta)-, Richardson, 1901, p. 541; 1905, p. 362; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 41. Taken very frequently in Vineyard Sound, either swimming freely or clinging to eelgrass or gulf- weed. Fish Hawk stations (probably coming from sur- face)*: 7699 (1), 7703 (1), 7735. Phalarope stations (likewise probably from sur- face)*: 2,104. Idothea metallica — Continued. Bumpus records the occurrence of specimens with eggs July 17 and August 12. Osbum re- ports that on July 6 (1904) a few females carry- ing eggs or young in the brood pouch were taken; great numbers of young about 5 milli- meters long and some older ones were likewise found upon the gulfweed. Idothea baltica (Pallas). [Chart 104.] Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569, 316, etc. ( Idotea irrorata)-, Harger, 1879, p. 160 (. Idotea irrorata); 1880, p. 343 ( Idotea irrorata); Richardson, 1901, p. 540 {Idotea marina); 1905, p. 364; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 40 ( Idothea marina). Of practically universal distribution locally, along shores, and on the surface, among eel- grass, rockweed, and sargassum; sometimes taken in great numbers. Occasionally brought up in the dredge while operating at depths as great as 13 X fathoms; in these cases perhaps they were actually taken near the surface. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis (2), 7525 (1), 7557 (1). 77H W> 7734- Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 33 (1 adult), 44 (few), 45 (few), 47 (several), 49 (1), 51 (many in algas), 104. Osburn records that on July 9, the larger females all seemed to have released their young ; only the smaller females were still found bearing eggs or young. On July 5, specimens 5 to 8 mm. long were taken. A specimen 10 mm. long was taken by C. B. Wil- son from the gillsof a sand shark. Its presence here was, however, probably accidental. Idothea phosphorea Harger. [Chart 105.] Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569, 316, etc. {Idotea phosphorea, sp. nov.); Harger, 1880, p. 347; Richardson, 1901, p. 541; 1905, p. 367; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 41. Abundant and generally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound, though much more prevalent in the western half; in Buzzards Bay only re- corded from a few stations near the mouth. — Survey. Dredged in 1 to 17 fathoms, on bot- toms of sand, gravel and stones (rarely mud). Taken, also, along shore among weeds; likewise at surface, and on bottom at various depths; recorded by Dr. Osbum from gulfweed. Fish Hawk stations: 7536 bis, 7531 bis, 7552 bis (1). 7SS3 bis (*)> 7557 (*)> 756° (0> 7563 bis C1). 7564 bis, 7382 (1), 7583 (1), 7672 (1), 7685 (7), 7698 (2), 7699 (1 adult and many young), 7700 (x young), 7701 (several), 7702 (2), 7703 (2), 66o BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Idothea phosphorea — Continued. 7704 (2), 7706 (adults and young), 7707 (adults and young), 7717 (1), 7718 (3 small), 7719 (2), 7720 (1 adult and 1 young), 7721 (several adult and young), 7722 (1 adult and 1 young), 7724 (1), 7725 (1), 7727 (1 small), 7728 (several), 7729 (1), 7730 (several), 7731 (several), 7732, 7745> 776s. 7767- Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 6 (1), 13 (1), 20 (young), 22 (few), 26, 27 (few), 28 (1 with eggs), 3° (x)> 32 (several), 33 (several young and 1 adult with eggs), 34 (common), 36 (few), 37 (1 with eggs), 38 (few), 44 (abundant), 45 (several), 46, 47 (several), 48, 51 (1 in algae), 55 (several), 56 (few), 57 (few), 58 (common), 59 (1), 64 (1), 65 (1), 67 (several), 73 (few), 77 (1), 82 (2), 100 (1), hi (2), 112, 1 13. A few with eggs taken July 6. — Osbum. Recorded in food of haddock. — Richardson. Edotea acuta Richardson. Richardson, 1901, p. 544; 1905, p. 395 (not listed for this region). Bay shore of Pasque Island, at Phalarope station 83, 1 specimen thus identified by R. C. Osbum. Edotea triloba (Say). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 571, 370, etc. ( Epelys trilob us); Harger, 1879, p. 180 ( Epelys trilobus ); 1880, p. 358 ( Epelys trilobus ); Richardson, 1901, p. 545; 1905, p. 396; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 42. Vineyard Sound. — Harger, Richardson. Muddy shores, creeping about over the mud or among decaying vegetable matter, usually covered up with adhering dirt. — Harger. Edotea montosa (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 571, 316, etc. ( Epelys montosus ); Harger, 1879, p. 161 {Epelys montosus ); 1880, p. 359 {Epelys mon- tosus ); Richardson, 1901, p. 545; 1905, p. 397; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 42. Vineyard Sound. — Harger, Richardson. Fre- quents muddy bottoms and is concealed by the coating of mud which always adheres to the rough back. — Harger. Head of Lagoon Pond. — Osbum. Recorded by the latter ob- server as ‘‘common in coarse sand and ooze, just below low tide.” Taken by Mr. Ed- wards in surface tow at Woods Hole, October 15 and October 28, 1905. Five stations at western end of Vineyard Sound and mouth of Buzzards Bay; 6 to 13 fathoms, on bottoms of sand and mud. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7710 (1), 7725 (1), 7728 (1), 773° (r)- Phalarope station 78 (2)*. Erichsonella attenuata (Harger). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 570, 370, etc. {Erichsonia attenuata, sp. nov.); Harger, 1879, P- x6o {Erichsonia attenuata)', 1880, p. 356 {Erichsonia attenuata ); Richardson, 1901, p. 543; 1905, p. 400; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 41. This species has previously been listed only from New Jersey and Connecticut. “Found cling- ing to eelgrass in muddy situations. ” — Harger. Taken by Cole at Wareham River, August 16, 1906.* Erichsonella filiformis (Say). [Chart 106.] Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 570, 316, etc. {Erichsonia filiformis)', Harger, 1879, p. 160 {Erichsonia filiformis)', 1880, p. 355 {Erichsonia filiformis)', Richardson, 1901, p. 543; 1905, p. 401; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 42. Vineyard Sound. — Harger, Richardson. Found on shore, among eel-grass and algae, and down to 7 fathoms. — Harger. Nantucket Sound. — • Richardson. Lagoon Pond, on algae. — Os- bum. Distribution pretty general in Vine- yard Sound and Buzzards Bay, particularly at inshore stations; dredged in 1 to 19 fath- oms, on various bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations:61 7532 bis, 7537 bis (few), 7552 bis (2), 7554 bis, 7613 (1), 7614 (1), 7656, 7657 (1), 7673 (1), 7677, 7681 (2 young), 7682 (1), 769S. 77°° (i)> 7701 (2)> 7722 (x)> 7725 (1), 7728 (several), 7729 (several), 7730 (2), 7744 (1 adult), 7751, 7768, 7769. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: “ 1 (several adult females with eggs), 5 (2 females with eggs), 8 (few), 9 (1), 11 (1), 16 (several), 20 (3 females), 22 (few females), 23 (few females), 24 (few), 25 (few), 30 (1), 32 (1), 33 (1 female with eggs), 34 (x). 45 (1). 46 (1), 48, 51 (few in algae), 52. 53 (x). 55 (few), 57 (1), 63 (1), 67 (several), 82 (1), 86, 87 (common), 108, in, 112, 116 (1), 128 (1), 129, 134 (1), 135. Females with eggs and young in the brood pouch reported July 6. — Osbum. Family Janirid/L. Jcera marina (Fabricius). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 571, 315, etc. {Jcera copiosa)', Harger, 1879, p. 158 {Jcera albifrons)', 1880, P- 315 {Jcera albifrons)', Bum- pus, 1898 b {Jcera albifrons)', Richardson, 1901, p. 554; 1905, p. 450; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 43 {Jcera albifrons). Woods Hole, on Bureau of Fisheries pier; Vine- yard Sound; Vineyard Haven, on piles. Rocky shores, under stones, nearly up to high- water mark; on piles, in crevices, under bark, a For the most part identified by R. C. Osburn. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 661 Jcera marina — Continued. or in the burrows of Limnoria; a very common species, though completely lacking in the dredging records. McMurrich (cited by Bumpus) found this species breeding from middle of June till the first week in September (i. e., as long as observed). Osbum records eggs and young in the brood pouch July 14 and July 31. Family Bopyrim;. ? Phryxus abdoniinalis (Kroyer). Harger, 1879, p. 158; 1880, p. 312; Richardson, 1901, p. 577; 1904, p. 58; 1905, p. 501; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 48. “Off Marthas Vineyard, on Pandalus leptocerus and N. [S pironlocaris] liljeborgii” ; parasitic on the abdomen of these shrimps. — Richardson. It is quite likely that these specimens were taken far beyond the limits of the region. lone thompsoni Richardson. Richardson, 1904, p. 75 (sp. nov.); 1903, p. 508; M. J. Rathbun, 1903, p. 49. North Falmouth, on Callianassa stimpsoni, two specimens collected by Mr. G. M. Gray. Stegophryxus hyptius Thompson. Thompson, 1902, p. 33 (sp. nov.); Richardson, 1904, p. 59; 1905, p. 532; M. J. Rathbun, 1903, p. 48. Edgartown; also dredged in Cataumet Harbor, at Phalarope station 142 (1 specimen)*; like- wise recorded from below-named localities. Parasitic on the hermit crab, Pagurus longi- carpus. “About 1.5 per cent of the crabs at Great Harbor were thus infested (1892) and from 3 to 4 per cent of those at Hadley Harbor. Stegophryxus hyptius — Continued. . . . The female parasite occurs on the abdo- men of the hermit, to which it is attached back downward, by its mandibles and legs. The male is found on the posterior part of the mar- supium of the female.” — Thompson. Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard). Richardson, 1904, p. 66 ( Probopyrus palaemone- ticola); 1905, p. 554; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 49. Acushnet River, on Palcemonetes vulgaris. Family Oniscid^. Philoscia vittata Say. Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569; Harger, 1879, p. 157; 1880, p. 306; Richardson, 1901, p. 365; 1905, p. 605; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 45- Vineyard Sound, under rubbish below high- water mark. — Harger. Family Scyphacid^S. Scyphacella arenicola Smith. Verrill and Smith 1873, p. 568, 337, etc. (sp. nov.); Harger, 1879, p. 157; 1880, p. 307; Richardson, 1901, p. 576; 1903, p. 671; Rath- bun, 1903, p. 47. Nobska Beach and Nantucket. — Harger. Ram Island, in the sand. — Richardson. Family Ligydim;. ? Ligyda oceanica (Linnaeus). Richardson, 1905, p. 685; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 47. “Off Newport,” perhaps beyond limits of the region. Order CUMACEA. Family Bodotriid^. Cyclaspis varians Caiman. Caiman, 1912, p. 610 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, surface, 1875 and 1881; Woods Hole, surface, 1882 and 1885; many specimens taken. Leptocuma minor Caiman. Caiman, 1912, p. 616 (sp. nov.). “Vicinity of Woods Hole; U. S. F. C., . . . 1 female.” — - Caiman. This record probably relates to a specimen taken in Vineyard Sound, at Phalarope station 33. Family Leuconidaj. ? Eudorella hispida Sars. S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 115; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 30; Caiman, 1912, p. 621. No strictly local records for this species given by any of these writers. Eudorella truncatula (Bate) S. I. Smith, 1879, p. n6 ( Eudorella pusilla); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 31 ( Eudorella pusilla)-, Caiman, 1912, p. 620. Off Vineyard Sound Lightship, 16 fathoms, many females and young . — Caiman. 662 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Eudorellopsis deformis (Rroyer). S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 116; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 31; Caiman, 1912, p. 623. Off Vineyard Sound Lightship, 16 fathoms, x female. — Caiman. Family DiASTYLimE. Diastylis sculpta Sars. S. I. Smith, 1879, p. hi ( D . sculptus); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 31; Caiman, 1912, p. 657. Vineyard Sound, at the surface, in July, August, and September, mostly females or young; males rare; adult males taken by V. N. Ed- wards in April and May. — Smith. Low water to 60 fathoms. — Rathbun. Woods Hole, sur- face, 1 female. — Caiman. ? Diastylis quadrispinosa Sars. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 554, 507; S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 112 ( D . quadrispinosus ); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 32; Caiman, 1912, p. 658. Off Marthas Vineyard in 18 to 23 fathoms, on muddy bottom; Vineyard Sound, off Tar- paulin Cove, 10 to 12 fathoms. — Smith. Vine- yard Sound, 18 fathoms, and neighboring parts of the ocean. — Caiman. Undetermined species belonging to this order are sometimes in considerable numbers. Diastylis abbreviata Sars. S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 113 ( D . abbreviates); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 32. No definite local records, though this region lies within the range of the species as stated by Smith. Diastylis polita Smith. S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 108 ( Diastylis politus, sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 33; Caiman,, 1912, p. 655. Vineyard Sound, at surface, in January, March, April, May, July, and December; females, with eggs in May. — Smith. Seven to ten fath- oms.— Rathbun. Woods Hole, several lots re- corded for February, April, and May. — Cal-: man. Oxyurostylis smithi Caiman. Caiman, 1912, p. 667 (sp. nov.). The type of this species was taken at Woods Hole in surface tow, by V. N. Edwards, May 6, 1906. Specimens identified by Dr. Caiman were taken at Woods Hole and vicinity in 1881 and 1882; also December, 1903, October, Novem- ber, and December, 1904, and April and May, 1906. frequently taken in the local tow by Mr. Edwards, Order STOMATOPODA. Family Ciilorideu.ida:. Lysiosquilla armata Smith. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 29. “ From stomach of flounder, southwest of Gay Head, 17 to 27 fathoms (determination doubt- ful);” Vineyard Sound, in 1882, one speci- men.— Rathbun. Lysiosquilla scabricauda (Lamarck). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 29. “ Vineyard Sound, surface,” September 13, 1875. Chloridella empusa (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 551, 369, etc. ( Squilla empusa ); Bumpus, 1898b ( Squilla ); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 29. Adults comparatively rare locally. This species inhabits muddy shores and bottoms; ‘‘prob- ably it usually burrows in the mud below low- Ckloridella empusa — Continued. water mark.”-*— Smith. Occurs down to 12 fathoms. — Rathbun. Smith records one from the stomach of Palinurichtkys perciformis, taken at Woods Hole. Recorded by Miss Rathbun from Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay and Acushnet River. One adult specimen taken by Mr. Edwards in a fyke net in Great Harbor, December, 1908; another sent from Edgartown in same month. Mr. Gray, of the Marine Biological Laboratory supply department, is obliged to send to dis- tant points for this species, being unable to obtain it locally in sufficient numbers for laboratory purposes. Bumpus records that the young are occasionally taken in the tow net during August. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 663 Order SCHIZOPODA. Family Euphausiid^. Tkysanoessa inermis (Kroyer). S. I. Smith, 1879, P- 91- ( Thysanopoda inermis ); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 26 ( Rhoda inermis). Vineyard Sound, on surface; in two successive years recorded as abundant in January. — Smith. Meganyctipkanes norvegica (Sars). S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 89 ( Thysanopoda norvepica)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 26 ( N yctiplianes nor- vegica). (No local records given by either of these writers.) Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7609, 25 fath- oms, gravel and shells (dredged by the Survey, identified by M. J. Rathbun). Essentially pelagic. — Smith. Surface and deep water. — Rathbun. Family Mysid^. Michtheimysis stenolepis (Smith). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 551, 370, etc. {Mysis stenolepis, sp. nov.); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 103 {Mysis stenolepis)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 27 {Mysis stenolepis). Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, “shallow bays and coves about Vineyard Sound;” abundant locally among eelgrass; also dredged in a fewfathoms among algse; recorded for January, April, May, July, September, and December. — Smith . “Ovigerous sacs” filled with eggs and young in December, January, and April. — Smith. Neomysis americana (Smith). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 552, 370, etc. {Mysis americana sp. nov.); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 106 {Mysis americana)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 27 {Mysis americana). Among eelgrass and alga along shore and swim- ming freely at the surface; taken in a dredge lowered to 25 fathoms, though probably caught on the way up. — Smith. This writer gives records for its local occurrence during winter, spring, and summer. Recorded from stomachs of summer flounder, window-pane flounder, shad, mackerel, and herring. Heteromysis formosa Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 553, 396, etc. (sp. nov.); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 101; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 28. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Nantucket Sound; surface to 18 fathoms; sometimes abundant, hidden within a dead shell of Spisula or other bivalve. — Smith. Vineyard Haven and eastern end of Vineyard Sound* (identified by M. J. Rathbun.) All the specimens examined by Smith were taken in August and September and a large proportion of these were females carrying eggs and young. Schizopoda undetermined. Fish Hawk stations: 7572 (1), 7583 (1), 7718. Phalarope stations: 3, 83. Great numbers of schizopods, doubtless representing several species, have for many years past been taken by Mr. Edwards in the tow at the local pier. It has thus far been impossible to find anyone willing to identify these. Order DECAPODA.“ Family PaUEmonidaj. Palcemonetes vulgaris (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 550, 339, etc.; S. I. Smith, 1879, P- 88; Bumpus, 1898a, 1898b; Thompson, 1899; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 25. Of general distribution in suitable places. A shore-dwelling species, very abundant in the eelgrass, in salt or brackish waters. Recorded from Woods Hole Harbor, at surface, Katama Bay, Menemsha Bight, Tisbury Pond, Tarpau- lin Cove, Wareham River, Fort Phoenix. The Eel Pond, at Woods Hole, is the chief local source of supply. Palcemonetes vulgaris — Continued. Eggs deposited latter part of May, and early eggs found on June 20. — Bumpus. Not breeding in September, according to Thompson. Larvae excessively abundant in the tow during July and August. — Bumpus. Palcemon tenuicornis (Say). On gulfweed, Menemsha Bight, August 28, 1906*, 34 specimens ; western part of Vineyard Sound, September 5, 1906*, 7 specimens. The first records for New England. Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Miss M J. Rathbun. 664 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family Pandalid^. Pandalus montagui Leach. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 550, 493 ( Pandalus annulicornis ); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 87; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 24. Vineyard Sound, in deep water off Gay Head; also off Buzzards Bay in 25 fathoms. — Smith. Taken at Menemsha, in trawl, by V. N. Ed- wards, July 12, 1875. — Rathbun. Western end of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7678*; 1 young specimen. Pandalus leptocerus Smith. S. I. Smith, 1881, p. 437 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 25. (No local records given by either of these writers). Taken at 8 stations in western part of Vineyard Sound; likewise at Crab Ledge, 7 to 25 fath- oms.— Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7570 (1)*, 7580 (1), 7581 (1), 7584 (1). 7593 (i)> 7595 0). 759§ (*). 7609 (2)*, 7681 (1)*. Family Hippolytid/e. Latreutes ensiferus (Milne Edwards). S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 121; 1882a; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 21. A Gulf Stream species, drifted into local waters with the sargassum. First recorded locally by Smith, who reported it from Vineyard Sound, August and September, 1875, probably generally present upon the gulfweed. Taken in October, 1905, and especially abundant in 1906, when it is likely that hundreds of speci- mens were brought into the laboratory. Hippolyte zostericola (Smith). Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 55°’ 3^9, etc. ( Virbius zostericola, sp. nov.); Bumpus, 1898b ( Virbius zostericola)', Thompson, 1899 ( Virbius zoster- icola); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 21. Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole. Falmouth. Had- ley Harbor, Quisset Harbor. — Rathbun. Ka- tama Bay; also taken in tow at the local pier in the fall and winter. Common among eel- grass, even in waters somewhat brackish. Re- corded from Fish Hawk station 7762. Found by F. P. Gorham carrying eggs in all stages of development from the 1st of June to the 1st of September, the period of incubation being about two weeks. — Bumpus. Thomp- son records finding females with advanced eggs on September 11. Spirontocaris groenlandica (Fabricius). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 22 (no local records). Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7608, 1 speci- men*. ? Spirontocaris liljeborgii (Danielssen). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 22. Off Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket, from 25 fathoms down (perhaps not strictly to be in- cluded in the present list). Spirontocaris pusiola (Kroyer). Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 55°' 395> etc. (Hip- polyte pusiola); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 77 ( Hip- polyte pusiola ); Bumpus, 1898 ( Hippolyte pusiola); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 24. Vineyard Sound and off Nantucket, rocky, grav- elly, and shelly bottoms, 2 to 12 fathoms.— Smith. Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7604, 1 specimen*. Taken with eggs in March. — Bumpus. Family Cragonim;. Crago septemspinosus (Say). [Chart 107.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 55°’ 339> etc. (Cran- gon vulgaris); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 56 ( Cran - gon vulgaris) , R. Rathbun, 1884, p. 817 ( Cran - gon vulgaris); Bumpus, 1898 ( Crangon vul- garis); Thompson, 1899 ( Crangon vulgaris); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 19. A species of very general distribution, under a great variety of conditions; found throughout both the Sound and the Bay, on all kinds of shores and bottoms from low- water mark to the greatest depths within the region; also fre- quently taken in tow from the Bureau of Fish- eries pier. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (2)*, 7522 bis (1 small)*, 7523 bis (few), 7524 (few), 7525 (few), 7525 bis (few), 7528 (few, largest 1 inch), 7535 bis (2)*, 7536 (2 small), 7536 bis, 7537 (several)*, 7537 bis (few)*, 7538*, 7538 bis*, 7541 (few), 7541 bis*, 7543 bis*, 7547 bis (several)*, 7549 bis*, 7550 (1), 7553 (2, 1 with eggs), 7554 (few small), 7554 bis*, 7559 (2 small), 7560 (few), 7564 (1), 7567 (1), 7570 (2 small), 7575 (1), 7576 (1 small), 7577 (1), 7578 (1), 7581 (2 small), 7582, 7583 (2), 7584 (few), 7585 (many, some with eggs), 7593 (few), 7611 (many with eggs)*, 7612 (many)*, 7613 (many)*, 7614 (with eggs)*, 7616 (1)*, 7617 (with eggs)*, 7618*, 7619*, 7622 (many with eggs)*, 7623 (many)*, 7624 (some with eggs)*, 7627 (2)*, 7634 (1)*, 7637 (several)*, 7638*, 7641 (sev- BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 665 Crago sepiemspinosus — Continued. eral)*, 7643*, 7644 (1)*, 7645 (1)*, 7653 (few)*, 7654*, 7655 ( 1 )*, 7657 (few, 2 with eggs)*, 7660 (with eggs)*, 7661*, 7662*, 7663 (with eggs)*, 7672 (1)*, 7673 (with many eggs)*, 7675*, 7676, 7677 (2 with eggs), 7678 (19), 7679 (1), 7680(1), 7681 (several), 7682 (several), 7685 (few), 7687, 7689 (several), 7697 (1), 7698 (few), 7699 (several), 7700 (few), 7701 (many), 7702 (few), 77°3 (4)> 7704 (few), 7705 (few), 7706 (many), 7707 (few), 7708 (few), 7709 (few), 7710 (2), 7717, 7718 (few), 7719 (few), 7722 (1), 7725 (1), 7726 (several), 7727 (many), 7730 (1), 7731 (7), 7734 (i). 7760. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 4 (1), 5 (1), 8 (1 fragment), 9 (2), 13 (several with eggs), 13 (several with eggs)*, 19*, 23*, 24 (1), 25*, 29 (few)*, 33 (several with eggs)*, 37*, 48 (with eggs)*, 49*, 50*, 51 (several, some with eggs)*, 52*. 53. 55 (many with eggs), 65 (2), 67 (1)*, 69 (several), 71 (1), 72 (few), 73 (few)*, 75 (2)*, 78 (2), 79 (few), 80 (several), 81 (many), 82 (very common), 83 (many), 84, 85, 89, 90, 93 (1), 100 (1 small), 101 (few), 103, 104, 108 (sev- eral), 109 (many with eggs), no, in (few), 113, 114, 115 (common), 116, 117 (several), 118 (few), 122 (few), 123 (1), 127 (1), 129 (common), 130 (3). 131 (few). 133 (*)> 134 (several), 135, i37 (*)> *38 (*)> I39 (few)> T4° (1), 145 (1). 149 (i)> I5° (I)- Reported by Bumpus as breeding in March. Egg-bearing females are common throughout the summer, one being reported by Thompson as late as September 19. Collected as food in the neighborhood of New Bed- ford, according to R. Rathbun, 1884. Am im- portant item in the food of fishes. Recorded by Verrill and Smith in the stomach contents of the following species: striped bass, white perch, kingfish, bonito, sea robin, toadfish, haddock, tomcod, summer flounder, window- pane flounder, herring, hickory shad, Raja Icervis (?). Family PENEimE. Peneus brasiliensis Latreille. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 551 ( Penccus brasili- ensis; no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 19 ( Penceus brasiliensis). Katama Bay, 1 specimen. — Rathbun. Tisbury Pond, October 18, 1906; 1 specimen, taken by V. N. Edwards. Family Homarim;. Homarus americanus Milne Edwards. The Ameri- can lobster. [Chart 108.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 349, 313, etc.; S. I. Smith, 1879, P- 55.' Herrick, 1895, p. 1-252; 1902, p. 161; 1911, p. 149-408; Rathbun, 1905, p. 18. Lobster fishing by means of “lobster pots” is conducted extensively in Woods Hole Harbor and in various parts of Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, at Menemsha Bight, and many other points in the region. Recorded by the survey from scattered stations through- out Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; dredged in 3 to 15 fathoms on bottoms of sand, mud, and gravel. Lobsters come in toward shore in the spring, retreating to deeper waters in the fall. Fish Hawk stations: 7618 (1, 3 inches long), 7643 (1 claw), 7654 (1 fragment), 7661 (1, 6 inches), 7662 (1, 10 inches), 7687 (3 small), 7689 (2), 7703 (1). 77°7 (1 young), 7724 (2), 7728 (many medium sized), 7730 (several), 7731 (2), 7757 (1), 7762 (1 young). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 6 (1 frag- ment), 7 (fragment), 11 (1 young), 50 (1 dead), 83 ( 1 fragment). According to Herrick, the mature female lobster as a rule lays eggs once in two years; the egg- laying season at Woods Hole reaches its height during the latter part of July, though a consid- erable percentage spawn during the fall and winter. Those eggs which are extruded in July are carried on the abdominal appendages of the female until the following May or June, when they hatch. Food: fish (which is sometimes taken alive), Crustacea (chiefly crabs and isopods), small gastropods, algae, echinoderms (starfish and sea urchins), and hydroids. “While the lob- sters are great scavengers, it is probable that they always prefer fresh food to stale.” — Her- rick. On the other hand, the lobster is preyed upon by various fishes, among which the smooth dogfish ( Mustelus canis ) must be given an important place. “In fact every preda- ceous fish which feeds upon the bottom may be looked upon in general as an enemy of the lobster. ” — Herrick. 666 BULLETIN of the bureau of fisheries. Family AxnmB. ? Axlus serratus Stimpson. S. I. Smith, 1881, p. 435; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 17- No strictly local records, though this region lies within the known range of the species. Naushonia crangonoides Kingsley. Kingsley, 1895, p. 95 (sp. nov.); Thompson, 1903, p. 1; G. M. Gray, in “Biological Notes” (Bul- letin U. S. Fish Commission for 1899); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 18. Only two adult specimens of this decapod are recorded. The type was collected by H. C. Bumpus on Naushon Island; the second was found by G. M. Gray about 10 inches deep in the sand, on the shore of Ram Island, in July, 1899. The second specimen was a female with eggs (July 22); zoeae reported as common in the summers of 1901 and 1902 by Thompson, who succeeded in rearing these to an advanced stage. Family Callianassid^. Callianassa stimpsoni Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 549, 369, etc. (sp. nov.; no local records); Bumpus, 1898b; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 17. Ram Island, Devils Foot, Hadley Harbor, North Falmouth, West Falmouth. — G. M. Gray. Inhabits muddy shores and bottoms, in shal- low water; a burrowing species. Miss Rath- bun furnishes the following early Fish Com- mission records: Weepeckets, 1875; Buzzards Bay, 1881; Vineyard Sound, 1882, 1883; Woods Hole, 1879, 1884; Naushon, 1886, 1887. Dredged by the Survey near the mouth of Buz- zards Bay, at Fish Hawk station 7674,* and in the eastern part of Vineyard Sound, at Phala- rope station 12 (latter a fragment). According to Bumpus, this species was found with eggs on July 1 and again on July 13 (the latter segmenting); others with advanced embryos July 18. Upogebia affinis (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 549, 368, etc. ( Gebia affinis), Bumpus, 1898b ( Gebia affinis)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 17. Woods Hole, head of Buzzards Bay. — Rathbun. Ram Island, Monument Beach (abundant). — G. M. Gray. Occurring on muddy shores or muddy sand and digging deep burrows near low- water mark. Found with advanced eggs on July 23. — Bumpus. Family Hippid.®. Emerita talpoida (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548, 338, etc. ( Hippa talpoida)', Mead, 1898, ( Hippa talpoida)', Bum- pus, 1898a, 1898b ( Hippa talpoida)', Thomp- son, 1899 ( Hippa talpoida)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 16. Abundant at Nobska Beach, Cataumet Harbor and Scraggy Neck. Sandy shores at low- water mark, and sandy bottoms in shallow water; an active, burrowing species. Reported by Mead and Bumpus as without eggs in April and May; found to carry them during the latter part of June and throughout July. Many females still bore eggs on July 31. — Sum- ner. J. S. Kingsley (Marine Biological Labora- tory card catalogue) reports zoeEe in the tow on August 5, and F. P. Gorham (cited by Bumpus) on August 9. Family Pagurhu®!. Pagurus pollicaris Say. [Chart 109.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548, 313, etc. ( Eupa - gurus pollicaris)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 14; Sumner, 1910, fig. 25. Distribution pretty general throughout Vine- yard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 17 fathoms, on quite various bottoms. Taken also in shallow water along shore— e. g., at Nobska Point and Tarpaulin Cove. This species, locally, is mainly found in the shells of Polynices heros and P. duplicata; sometimes in Busycon canaliculatum , B. car- ica, and Littorina litorea. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (1 in Polynices heros), 7523 (1), 7524 (about 10), 7526 (2), 7530 (few), 7530 bis (2), 7534 (several in Polynices shells), 7537 (several), 7537 bis (1 in P. heros), 7538 (several), 7542 (many in Polynices), 7543 (few), 7543 bis (several in P. heros), 7546 (sev- eral large), 7546 bis (in P. heros), 7547 bis (in P. heros), 7549 bis (several in P. heros), 7550 (few), 7551 (few), 7552 (few), 7554 (several), 75-56 (few), 7557 (few), 7558 (many), 7559 (few), 7560 (1), 7561 (few), 7562 (several), 7563 (many, all sizes), 7564 bis ( 1 large in P. heros), 7565 (few), 7569(1), ?574(few), 7576 (few), 7579 (few), 7590 (2), 7595 (*)> 7598 (r large)> 7599 (i)> 7615 (1 in P. duplicata), 7617 (in Buscyon canaliculatum), 7621 (few), 7622 (fragments of large ones), 7627 (1 in B. carica), 7632 (1), 7637 (1 in P. heros), 7638 (2), 7648 (1), 7652 (1), 7654 (1), 7660 (1 in Busycon carica) , 7661 (2 in P. duplicata) , 7676 (1 in Polynices), 7678 (3), 7702 (1 large), 7703 BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 667 Pagurus pollicaris — Continued. (1), 7710 (1), 7728(1), 7732 (1), 7734(2), ,735, 7736 (several), 7739 (several), 7740 (several), 7753 (I)> 7757 W> 7759 (2), 776° (several), 7762 (many), 7766 (few), 7767 (few), 7768 (1), 7769 (few), 7770 (1), 7772 (2), 7773 (2), 7774 (2), 7777 (several), 7778 (several), 7779 (1 small), 7780 (1) , 7781 (several), 7783 (several). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (inP. heros), 5 (2 in Polynices and Littorina) , 7 (2), 13 (1), 17 (1 in P. heros), 18 (1 in Littorina) , 22 (com- mon in Littorina), 53 (1 small), 61 (several in P. heros). 64 (1), 68 (2 large), 71 (many in Lit- torina), 73 ( 1 in P. duplicata) , 74(2), 75 (1 dead), 89 (1 claw), 98 (2), 107, 109, 112, 130 (1), 135, 136 (1), 145 (common), 148 (common), 149 (abundant), 158 (1 in B. canaliculatum) . Reported by Smith from the stomach contents of the tautog and “fog-fish.” Pagurus acadianus Benedict. [Chart no.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548, 501 ( Eupagurus Bernhardus); S. I. Smith, 1879, p . 46 (Eupagu- rus hernhardus ); Benedict, 1901, p. 454 ( Pagu- rus acadianus, nom. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 15; Sumner, 1910, fig. 27. Vineyard Sound, in deep water. — Smith. Almost exclusively confined locally to the western third of Vineyard Sound, where it is common; common also at Crab Ledge; dredged in 6 to 20 fathoms; sand, gravel, and shells. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7563 (few small), 7567 ( in Polynices shell), 7569 (1), 7578 (1), 7582 (1), 7583 (i)> 7584 (2), 7585 (1 in Polynices shell), 7592 (many in Polynices shells), 7594 (several in Polynices shells), 7603 (many), 7604 (1), 7605 (2) , 7606 (several), 7607 (3), 7608 (those from Crab Ledge in shells of Buccinum undatum, Sipho sp., Chysodomus decemco status , Polynices, and Scalaria), 7664 (1), 7676 (few), 7677, 7678 (several), 7680 (many, mostly large), 7681 (many), 7682 (few), 7686 (1), 7698 (several, 1 with eggs), 7699 (several), 7701 (several), 7702 (many), 7703, 7706 (many), 7707 (many), 7708 (many), 7709 (few), 7717 (2), 7718 (several), 7719 (many, 1 with eggs), 7720 (few), 7722 (1), 7724 (1 young), 7725 (1), 7726 (several), 7727 (2), 7730 (several), 7731 (few), 7734 (several), 7736 (several), 7740 (1). Phalarope stations: 52 (2 small), 57 (1), 59 (com- J mon), 66 (1). Pagurus longicarpus Say. [Chart in]. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 549, 313, etc. ( Eupa- gurus longicarpus)', S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 47 {Eupagurus longicarpus)', Bumpus, 1898a {Eu- Pagurus longicarpus — Continued. pagurus longicarpus)', Thompson, 1899, 1903, {Eupagurus longicarpus)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 15; Sumner, 1910, fig. 24. A littoral species of extreme abundance, occur- ring on every sort of shore and bottom, and down to considerable depths; sometimes found in waters which are somewhat brackish. Dredged by the Survey at all depths and on all kinds of bottom, both in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Locally the shells of Littorina litorea, Ilyanassa obsoleta, and Tritia trivittata are the ones chiefly occupied by this species, though almost any receptacle of the right size may be employed, even the shell of Crepidula fornicata or the tube of Cistenides gouldii. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 (few), 7526 (few), 7530 bis (several in Tritia trivittata), 7531 bis (few), 7532 (relatively few), 7532 bis (1), 7533 bis (in Littorina), 7534, 7534 bis (in Urosalpinx), 7535 (few), 7535 bis (in A nachis), 7536 bis (several in Polynices triseriata), 7537 (several), 7537 bis (few), 7538 (several), 7541 (comparatively few), 7541 bis (many), 7542 (few), 7542 bis (few), 7543 (many), 7543 bis (2), 7544 (few), 7545 bis (several in Urosalpinx), 7546 (1), 7546 bis (in Tritia), 7547 bis (many), 7549 (few), 7549 bis (many), 7550 (few), 7550 bis (few), 7551 bis (few), 7552 (few), 7553 (many), 7553 bis (many) 7554 (numerous), 7554 bis (many), 7556 (few), 7557 (few), 7558 (few), 7559 (few), 7560 (few), 7561 (few), 7563 (many), 7564 bis (many small), 7565 (few), 7565 bis (1 in Urosalpinx), 7567 (few), 7568 (few), 7569 (few), 7571 (sev- eral), 7572 (few), 7576 (few), 7578 (many), 7580 (many), 7581 (few), 7582 (few), 7583 (few), 7584 (few), 7585 (few), 7586 (few), 7587 (few), 7589 (1). 7591 C1). 7592 (few), 7596 (1), 7598 (few), 7599 (1 in small Polynices shell), 7601 (1), 7602 (many), 7605, 7611 (few in Tritia), 7612 (sev- eral with P. duplicata) , 7613 (in Littorina lito- rea), 7615 (inP. duplicata, L. litorea, and Tritia), 7616 (many in P. triseriata, L. litorea, and Tritia), 76i7(many), 7618 (many in Tritia), 7619 (many), 7620 (many), 7621 (many), 7622 (sev- eral in Busycon carica), 7623 (in Tritia), 7624 (many), 7625 (many in Tritia), 7626 (many in Tritia), 7627 (many in P. duplicata and Tritia), 7628(few), 7629(manyin Tritia), 7630 (several), 7632 (several in P. duplicata), 7633 (few), 7634 (many), 7635 (few), 7636 (several in Littorina), 7637 (many), 7638 (many in Urosalpinx), 7639 (1 in P. duplicata), 7640 (several), 7641 (many), 668 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU <7>F FISHERIES. Pagu rus longicarpus- — Continue d . 7642 (x), 7643 (many), 7644 (few), 7645 (many), 7648 (several), 7651 (in Tritia), 7652 (1), 7653 (many), 7654 (few), 7655, 7656 (several in Triiia), 7657 (many), 7658, 7660 (many), 7662 (several), 7663 (several), 7664 (several), 7667 (few), 7671 (many), 7672 (few in Tritia), 7673 (many), 7674 (few in Tritia), 7675 (many; 1 in P. heros), 7676(2 in Tritia), 7677 (1 in Polynices ; 1 in Tritia), 7679 (several), 7680 (several in Polynices), 7681 (several), 7683 (1), 7685 (2), 7686 (2), 7696 (2), 7700 (1 in Tritia), 7701 (1 in Tritia), 7702 (1), 7703 (several), 7704 (1), 7706 (several), 7707 (several), 7708 (several), 7709 (1), 7717 (1), 77i8 (2)> 7722 W> 7723 (*)> 7724 (many), 7725 (1), 7726 (several), 7728 (sev- eral), 7730 (few), 7731 (several), 7732 (several), 7736, 7737 (1), 7739 (few), 7740 (few), 7741 (several), 7748 (1), 7749 (1), 7751 (2), 7752 (1), 7753 (several), 7754 (several), 7755 (several), 7756 (1), 7757 (several), 7758 (several), 7759 (several), 7760 (few), 7761 (many), 7762 (1), 7764 (several), 7766 (few), 7767 (few), 7769 (several), 7770 (several), 7772 (several), 7774 (many), 7775 (1), 7776 (few), 7777 (several), 7778 (1), 7780 (several), 7781 (several), 7782 (few). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (few in Tritia), 3 (many), 5 (few in Tritia, 6 (few), 7 (many in Tritia), 8 (common), 9 (common), 10 (few), 11 (common in Tritia), 13 (common), 14 (few), 17 (several in Tritia), 19 (common; with eggs), 20 (1), 22 (common), 23 (common), 26, 28 (in Tritia), 29 (few), 30 (few), 33 (sev- eral), 35 (1 in Tritia), 48, 49 (1), 50 (1), 52 (many), 53 (many), 55 (few), 57 (few), 58 (1), 59 (few), 60 (few), 61 (several), 63 (few), 64 (in Anachis, P . triseriata, P. immaculata?; Sipho, Eupleura, and many in Tritia', females with eggs), 65 (man)'- in Tritia), 66 (several), 67 (sev- eral), 68 (many in Tritia and Littorina), 70 (few), 71 (many), 72 (several), 73 (several), 74 (few), 76 (few), 77 (few), 78 (many with eggs), 79 (few), 80 (many), 81, 82 (common), 83 (com- mon), 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93 (common), 94 (young, common in tubes of Cistenides gouldii), 95,98, 99 (few), 100 (living), 101 (few), 103,104, 107 (many), 108, 109, no, 111 (few), 112, 114, 115 (common), 117 (few), 11S (common), 121 (com- mon), 122 (many), 123 (common), 124 (com- mon), 125 (common), 126 (few), 128 (common), 129 (abundant), 130 (common), 131 (few), 132, 133 (in Eupleura), 134 (common), 135, 137 (common), 138 (common), 139 (few), 142 (com- Pagunts longicarpus — Continued. mon), 144 (several), 145 (common), 147 (com- mon), 148 (common), 150 (several), 152 (few), 153 (few), 154 (few), 155 (several), 158 (many). “Bearing well-developed eggs, May 9.” — Bum- pus. With eggs till September 13. — Thompson. Devoured by various fishes, which swallow the crab bodily with its shell. Pagurus pubescens Kroyer. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 549 ( Eupagurus pubes- cens)', S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 47 ( Eupagurus pubescens)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 15. (None of these writers record this species definitely for the region.) Vineyard Sound, 1881, 2 specimens, bearing eggs July 20. — Rathbun. Dredged by the Fish Hawk off No Mans Land in 28 fathoms (thus not strictly within the region). Pagurus kroyeri Stimpson. S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 48 ( Eupagurus kroyeri; not listed south of Cape Cod); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 16 (no specific local records, though its range, as stated, would include this region). Common at Crab Ledge in 17 to 25 fathoms, dwelling in the shells of Scala and Polynices. — Survey. Fish Hawk Stations: 7603* (few), 7604 (1), 7607 (1?), 7609* (2). fPagurus politus Smith. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 16 (not listed for region). A specimen of this species was found by Miss Rathbun among Survey material from Tarpau- lin Cove, in 1 fathom of water. It seems pos- sible that either the specimen or the label had been shifted, for this has been known only as a deep-water species. Pagurus annulipes (Stimpson). [Chart 112.] . (Not listed by Verrill and Smith!). Thompson, 1899, ( Eupagurus annulipes)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 16; Sumner, 1910, fig. 26. Abundant and of general distribution through- out Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, with the exception of the deeper waters of the west- ern end of the Sound, where this species ap- pears to be wanting in just the area occupied by P. acadianus. — Survey. Dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, on every sort of bottom, most com- monly inhabiting the shells of Anachis avara. Nantucket Sound. — Rathbun. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (many), 7523 (many), 7524 (few), 7525 (few), 7527 (many), 7530 (few), 7530 bis (many in Anachis), 7531 bis (few), 7532 (many), 7532 bis (few), 7533 bis 669 r t BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OB WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Pagurus annulipcs — Continued. (several ), 7 534, 7 53 5 (few) . 7 53 5 bis (in A nachis) , 7537 (many), 7537 bis (many in Anachis), 7538 (many), 7539 bis (1 in Anachis ), 7541 (compara- tively few), 7541 bis (many), 7544 (few), 7545 (few), 7545 bis (in Anachis ), 7547 (compara- tively few), 7547 bis (in Anachis), 7549 (many), 7549 bis (many), 7550 bis (few), 7551 bis (few in Anachis ), 7552 (few), 7553 bis (many), 7554 bis (*)> 7557 (3 minute), 7560, 7563 (few), 7565 bis (1 in Anachis ), 7589 (1), 7602 (1 in Turho- nilla sp.), 7612 (several in Anachis), 7613 (sev- eral), 7615 (1), 7618 (in Tritia), 7621 (1), 7623 (in Eupleura) , 7630 (several), 7632 (few), 76 33 (few), 7634 (few), 7635 (few), 7640 (few), 7644 (many), 7648 (several), 7649 (1), 7651 (3), 7653 (many), 7654 (many), 7655 (few), 7660 (many in Anachis), 7661 (few), 7663 (few in Anachis), 7671 (many), 7672 (few), 7673 (few in Tritia), 7674 (few), 7675 (few), 7689 (1), 7730 (several), 7731 (few), 7733 (several), 7734 (1 small), 7738 (many), 7741 (few), 7744 (common), 7745 (1). 7746 (common), 7748 (many), 7749 (many), 7750 (many), 7751 (1 small), 7752 (few), 7753 (few), 7754 (many small), 7755 (few small), 7756 (few), 7757 (many), 7758 (many), 7759 (very many), 7760 (common), 7764 (few small), 7765 (1), 7766 (many), 7767 (many), 7768 (few small), 7769 (several), 7770 (several), 7772 (several), 7774 (1), 7776, 7777 (few), 7778 (many), 7779 (few small), 77S0 (1), 7781 (many in Astyris), 7782 (several), 7783 (few). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (many in Anachis), 2 (many in Anachis), 3 (many), 4 (few in Anachis), 5 (many in Anachis), 7 (many in Anachis), 8 (many), 9 (several), 10 (com- mon in Tritia), n (common in Tritia), 13 (common), 14 (common), 15 (common), 17 (many in Anachis), 18 (in Anachis), 19 (few in Tritia), 20 (common), 22 (common), 23 (com- mon), 25 (few), 28 (few), 29 (few), 30 (few), 32 (few), 33 (1), 34 (1), 52 (few), 53 (few), 55 (few), 59 (few), 61 (1), 62 (several), 63 (sev- eral), 65 (1 in Anachis), 66 (few), 67 (1 in An- achis), 68 (few in Anachis), 69 (in Vermicularia), 70 (1), 71 (several), 72 (1), 74 (many), 75 (1 very small), 76 (many in Anachis and Vermicu- laria), 77 (many; 1 in Tritia), 78 (in Anachis), 79 (few), 80 (2), 81 (common), 82 (common), 83 (several), 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 (sev- eral), 95, 98, 101 (few), 102, 103, 106, 107 (few), 108, 109, no, 112, 114, 115 (common), 117 (few), 1 18 (few), 122 (many), 123 (common), 125, 128 (few), 129 (common), 132 (in Urosal- Pagurus annulipcs — Continued. pinx), 134 (several), 135, 136, 137 (few), 138 (few), 144 (common), 145 (few), 146 (few), 147 (few), 148 (common), 149 (few), 150 (in Seila terebralis), 153 (1). Found by Thompson to be bearing eggs early in September. Family PorcEllanid^. Polyonyx macrocheles (Gibbes). Faxon, 1879, P- 256 (Porcellana (Poly onyx) macro- cheles)-, S. I. Smith, 1882a,; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 14. Adult taken once by A. Agassiz at Newport under stones on shore; the zoeae swarmed at the mouth of Narragansett Bay in August, 1878. — Faxon. One specimen*, in possession of Mr. Gray, was collected by Dr. D. H. Tennent on Devils Foot Island, June 10, 1903, w'here it was found in a Chaztopterus tube. Family Calappidaj. Calappa jlarnmea (Herbst). S. I. Smith, 1882a ( Calappa marmorata)-, M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 13. Smith records the capture of two young speci- mens at Ram Island, under stones at low water, in 1875 and 1878. Miss Rathbun men- tions the taking of the megalops at Woods Hole at the surface, July 16, 1886. An adult taken in Eel Pond, September 24, 1897 (identified by R. P. Bigelow'). Family ParthEnopid^. Heterocrypta granulata (Gibbes). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548, 415; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 12. Vineyard Sound, off Falmouth, near Suconesset Lightship. — Smith. Three stations in the eastern half of Vineyard Sound (7533 bis, 7545 bis, 7769), 7 to 15 fathoms, sand and gravel; one specimen taken by tangle near Sound shore of Naushon; another dredged near West Island, Buzzards Bay. — Survey. Mr. Gray reports its occurrence “off Nobska,” and Mr. Edwards states that in former years it was not uncommon in Buzzards Bay off West Fal- mouth. Family Inachidas. Hyas coarctatus Leach. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548; S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 43; M. J. Rathbun, 1893, p. 69; 1905, p. xi. (None of these writers report this species from points within the limits of the region.) 670 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Hyas coarctatus — Continued. Crab Ledge (5 stations), western end of Vineyard Sound (6 stations) ; dredged in 10 to 20 fathoms, only twice at lesser depths, on bottoms of sand and gravel. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7603 (many)*, 7604 (few), 7606 (few), 7607 (several small), 7608 (few), 7689 (1)*, 7700 (1)*, 7706(1)*, 7717 (1)*, 7718 (1)*. Phalarope station: 32*. Pelia mutica (Gibbes). [Chart 113.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 548, 395, etc.; M. J. Rathbun, 1893, p. 89; 1905, p. 89; Bumpus, 1898b. Rather common in Vineyard Sound, chiefly in eastern half; a few scattered stations in the Bay; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, on sand, gravel, and stones. — Survey. Woods Hole Harbor, on local pier. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (1 male, 2 females: 1 with eggs), 7530 bis (1), 7531 bis (1), 7532 (1), 7533 bis (?I). 7536 (several), 7538 (1), 7538 bis (1 with eggs), 7541 bis (1), 7543 (1), 7544 (1). 7546 (1), 7547 bis (1 with eggs), 7550 bis (1), 5751 bis (few), 7552 (1), 7565 bis (1 very small?), 7613 (1 with eggs), 7639 (1), 7689 ( 1 with eggs)*, 775s*> 7759*> 7767*> 7768*, 7778 (1)*, 7782*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 9 (1 with eggs), 14 (1), 16 (1 with eggs), 22 (1 with eggs), 24 (several with eggs), 25 (few with eggs), 26 (1), 32 (2 with eggs), 34 (1), 36 (1), 62 (1), 63 (few), 67 (1 with eggs), 69 (few small), 74 (1), 86, 1 13 (1 ovigerous female), 117 (1), 134 (1), 141 (2). Bumpus reports the occurrence of eggs in early embryonic stages during the first week in July. Libinia emarginata Leach. [Chart 114.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548, 368, etc. ( Libi - nia canaliculata) , S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 45; M. J. Rathbun, 1892, p. 235; 1905, p. 12. Abundant and almost universally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. Found everywhere on muddy shores and flats. Large specimens are taken in great abundance in the local fish traps and lobster pots, 135 specimens being found on one occasion in a single lobster pot. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (1 small), 7522 bis (1 small), 7523 (1 very small), 7523 bis (2 small), 7524 bis (1 small), 7527 (1 young), 7530 bis (1), 7532 bis (several small), 7533 bis (f£w), 7534 (several small), 7535 (few small), 7535 bis (few small), 7536 (several), 7537 (several small), 7537 bis (few), 7538 bis (1), 7541 (several small), 7543 (several large), 7543 bis (many large), 7544 Libinia emarginata — Continued. (few small), 7545 (few small), 7545 bis (several small), 7546 (1 small), 7547 (very few small), 7547 bis (several), 7549 (few), 7549 bis (few), 7550 (1), 7550 bis (few), 7551 (several small), 7553 (1 small), 7553 bis (2), 7554 (2), 7554 bis (2), 7558 (few), 7561 (few small), 7563 (many small), 7564 (several small), 7564 bis (numer- ous, small), 7565 bis (1), 7570 (1 small), 7573 (1), 7578 (1 small), 7581 (2 small), 7592 (x small), 7610 (several large and small), 7611 (several large), 7612, (several), 7613 (1), 7614 (2 large), 7616 (1), 7617 (1 large), 7618(1 small), 7619(2 large with eggs, 1 small), 7620 (several large and small), 7621 (few), 7622 (1 large), 7623 (1 large and 1 small), 7624 (few, 1 large), 7625 (several, 1 large), 7626 (several), 7627 (2 large), 7629 (1), 7630 (1 small), 7632 (several large and small), 7633 (several), 7634 (few females, 1 with eggs), 7637 (several), 7638 (several large), 7646 (1), 7648 (1), 7652 (1 large), 7653 (several alive), 7654 (several large), 7656 (several large and small), 7657 (many large), 7660 (few), 7661 (several), 7662 (few), 7663 (few), 7671 (1 small), 7672, 7674 (few), 7675 (few), 7677 (few small), 7679 (1 small), 7680 (1 young), 7681 (2 young), 7682 (2 young), 7689 (2), 7697 (1 young), 7698 (several), 7699 (small, young), 7700 (several small), 7701 (5 young), 7702 (several), 7703 (several small), 7706 (few small), 7707 (1 small) 7708 (several small), 7709 (several small), 7710 (5 small), 7718 (several small), 7724 (many young), 7725 (3 young), 7726 (many young), 7728 (4), 7729 (3), 7730 (many small), 7731, 7735 (young), 7736 (2 medium), 7739, 7740 (3), 7741.7749. 775 1 (*)> 7752> 7755. (I)> 7757 (1 large and 1 medium), 7759 (7), 7760, 7761, 7762 (very- many, large and small), 7763 (many large), 7765 ( 1 large), 7766 (1), 7767, 7768, 7769, 7770, 7776 (1 large), 7777, 7778, 7780, 7781 (several large and small), 7782, 7783 (2 large). Phalarope stations: 1 (many small), 2 (few small), 3 (few small), 5 (few small), 7 (1 small), 8 (few), 10 (few), 11 (several), 13 (2), 18 (1), 24 (2 young), 30 (few small), 34 (1 living, large), 52 (several small), 53 (several small, 1 with eggs), 59 (few), 62? (1), 63? (few), 64 (1 very small), 65 (1 very small), 67 (1 small), 68 (1 small), 70(1), 71 (several), 72 (several large), 73 (few), 74 (several), 76 (few), 77 (2), 78 (few small young), 79 (few young), 80 (few young), 81 (few young), 82, 83, 84, 90, 104 (1 young), 107 (1), 108 (1), no (1), 114 (1 half grown), 115 (young), 116 (2), 1 18 (several), 122 (1 young), 125 (1 young), 129 (1), 131 (1 dead), 132 (sev- eral), 134 (several small), 140 (1 young), 142 (1 young), 157 (1 large). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 671 Libinia dubia Milne Edwards. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548, 368; M. J. Rath- bun, 1892, p. 237; 1905, p. 12. Woods Hole (abundant in 1882); Buzzards Bay, in 7 fathoms; Mattapoisett Harbor. — Rathbun. Locally, at least, this crab is nearly or quite restricted to very shallow waters, and is sel- dom, if ev£r, taken by larger vessels with the dredge. Libinias of all sizes were collected from 17 different stations in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound during the summer of 1907, and from 16 stations in 1909, but not one speci- men proved to be L. dubia (unless certain very small ones were referable to that species) though this was especially sought for. During the regular Survey dredging, the species was recorded from Fish Hawk stations 7678, 7725, and 7738, but these specimens, it is believed, were all immature, and the determinations are very questionable. Libinia dubia is, however, common in shallow water at North Fal- mouth, having been taken there by Mr. Gray and by our own collectors. One speci- men was taken by Dr. Cole near Dumpling Rock Light, another by Mr. R. I. Hall in the Eel Pond at Woods Hole. Family Cancrimj. Cancer irroratus Say. Rock Crab. [Chart x 15.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 546, 312, etc.; S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 38; R. Rathbun, 1884, p. 766; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 9. Abundant and generally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound, and to a lesser extent in Buz- zards Bay; several stations at Crab Ledge; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom.— Survey. Common along shore, un- der rocks, or buried in the sand. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (1 very small), 7523 bis (3), 7524 bis (few), 7525 bis (several small), 7S29. 7 S31 bis (2), 7S32 bis (few small), 7533 bis (many small), 7534 bis (several small), 7535 (several small), 7535 bis (few small), 7536 (1), 7537 (x small male), 7539 bis (1), 7541 (many small), 7541 bis (1), 7542 (1 small), 7543 (1 small), 7543 bis (few), 7544 (few small), 7545 (few small), 7546 (few small), 7546 bis (2), 7547 bis (several small), 7549 (few small), 7550 (2), 7550 bis (1), 7551 (several very small), 7551 bis (few), 7552 (few small), 7553 (few), 7553 bis (1), 7554 bis (several), 7555 (many large), 7556 (many large), 7556 bis (several), 7557 (several, very small), 7558 (many), 7560 (1 very small), 7562 (1 large), 7563 (few small), 7564 (many large), 7564 bis (numerous small), 7566 (x 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 9 Cancer irroratus — Continued. small), 7570 (2 large, several small), 7571 (many large and small), 7573 (few large), 7574 (1), 7576 (few small), 7577 (few small), 7578 (several large and small), 7579 (1), 7580 (1), 7581 (several large and small), 7582 (several medium), 7583 (1 small), 7584 (few large and small), 7585 (1 small), 7586 (1 small), 7589 (2 small), 7591 (few small), 7592 (many large and small), 7593 (few), 7594 (few large), 7595 (few small), 7598 (1 very small), 7599 (many large and small), 7600 (1 small), 7602 (few small), 7603 (1 small), 7604 (1 small), 7607 (1 large), 7611, 7616 (1 small), 7618, 7622 (several small), 7626 (few), 7627 (2 small), 7637 (several small), 7639 (few), 7641 (few), 7647 (2), 7648 (several), 7651 (3). 7652 (2 small), 7653 (several), 7656 (several), 7659 (several, 1 with eggs), 7660 (few), 7661 (several), 7663 (several), 7664 (3), 7667 (2), 7671 (few large, many small), 7672 (few, mostly small), 7673 (several, especially small), 7674 (several, with eggs), 7675 (several), 7674 (4), 7677 (about 6), 7678 (many), 7679 (many), 7680 (many large and small), 7681 (many large) 7682 (many large and very small), 7685 (2 young), 7686 (several large and small, 7687 (several medium), 7688 (4:1 small), 7695 (1 very small), 7696, 7697 (several), 7698 (several) 7699 (many, adult and young), 7700 (several, large and small), 7701 (many large and small), 7702 (many large and small), 7703 (many large and small), 7704 (few), 7706 (many large and small), 7707 (many large and small), 7708 (many large and small), 7709 (many large and small), 7710 (few small), 7717 (few large and small), 7718 (few large and small; many me- dium), 7719 (many), 7720 (very many large and small), 7721 (1), 7722 (1 young), 7723 (1 young), 7724 (few living), 7725 (3 young), 7728 (several), 7729 (2), 7730 (several), 7731 (few large and many small), 7732 (2 very small) 7733 C1 small), 7734 (3 large), 7735 (1 small), 7736 (1 large), 7737 (1 large), 7738 (several small), 7739 (2 medium, 1 small), 7743 (1 claw), 7744 (few small), 7746 (1 leg), 7749 (1), 7751 (2), 7752 (2 large, several small), 7753 (2 medium), 7755 (several small), 7757 (1 me- dium), 7758 (1), 7760 (few), 7761 (common, large and small), 7762 (many large and small), 7765 (1 medium), 7767 (1), 7770 (1 medium), 7772 (young), 7773 (1 medium), 7775 (1 small). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 4 (1 large), 17, 22 (1 small), 25 (2 small), 27 (2 small), 28 (1 dead), 33 (1 dead, several young), 34 (1 old, several young), 35 (1 small), 37 (1 young), 38 672 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Cancer irroratus — Continued. (1 small), 44 (1 small), 45 (1 small), 46 (several), 48 (2), 49 (2 small), 52 (many small), 53 (many small), 59 (6, many young), 60 (few small), 61 (1 small), 63 (1 small), 64 (few small), 65 (2 small), 66 (1), 68 (2 small), 70 (few small), 71 (several small), 73 (2), 74 (2 small), 75 (2), 76 (few), 77 (few), 79 (x), 81 (1 small), 82, 84, 85, 102 (4 young), 104 (2 young), 107 (7), 112 (young), 113, 114 (young), 122 (1 young), 127 (1 small). Smith reports the zoeae and megalops stages as being abundant in June and July. This crab is important as a food of fishes. Smith reports it from the stomachs of the striped bass, sea bass, tautog, kingfish, sea robin, goosefish, summer flounder, toadfish, dogfish, dusky shark, sand shark, common skate, Raja laevis (?), Dasyatis centrum, and Myliobatis freminvillei. This and the following species are on the market as food, though little or no fishery exists locally. Cancer bo rea/w Stimpson. Jonah crab. [Chart 116.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 546,395; S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 39, R. Rathbun, 1884, p. 769; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 9. Along the sandy beach of Marthas Vineyard, from Menemsha Bight to Gay Head; Cutty- hunk; No Mans Land. — Smith. According to this writer there is a very pronounced dif- ference in habit between C. borealis and C. irroratus, the latter concealing itself beneath rocks, the former remaining exposed. Fairly common at the western end of Vineyard Sound; a few scattered stations elsewhere. — Survey. Dredged in 2 to 20 fathoms, more commonly at depths of 10 or more fathoms, on various bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis (1), 7537 bis (few small)*, 7574 (1), 7578 (1), 7599 (1 small), 7608 ( ? 1 small), 7676 (2)*, 7678 (2)*, 7680 (1 young)*, 7701 (1 young)*, 7704 (1 large)*, 7717 (x large and 1 small)*, 7719 (1 large)*, 7720 (1 large)*, 7726 (1 medium)*, 7728 (2)*, 7738 (1 small)*, 774x*, 7759 (claw)*. Phalarope stations: 24 (1 young), 28 (1 dead), 30 (1 fragment), 33 (1 small), 59 (3), 111 (1)*, 117 (1 young)*. Family Portunid^. Carcinides mcenas (Linnaeus). Green crab. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 547,312, etc. ( Car - cinus granulatus); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 34 ( Car - cinus mcenas ); Bumpus, 1898, 1898b ( Card - nus granulatus)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 8. Carcinides mcenas — Continued, Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, and the vari- ous connecting ponds and estuaries; very common in shallower waters, and under stones on shore up to high-water mark. Bumpus records the finding of females bearing eggs from March till June 25. Portunus sayi (Gibbes). S. I. Smith, 1879, P- 121 ( Neptunus sayi; not listed for this region); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 8. Found in company with Planes minutus upon the gulfweed which is drifted into Vineyard Sound during the late summer and fall, some- times in great numbers. Especially abun- dant during the summer of 1906. Females bearing eggs observed in August, Sep- tember, and October. Portunus ordwayi (Stimpson). Two young specimens* taken from gulfweed collected by V. N. Edwards in Vineyard Sound, October 10, 1905. This is the only record for New England. Callinectes sapidus Rathbun. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548, 367, etc. {Cal- linectes hastatus); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 33 {Cal- linectes hastatus); Thompson, 1899 {Callinectes hastatus ); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 9. Great Pond, common. Muddy shores and bot- toms and among eelgrass, particularly in brackish water. Not encountered in dredg- ing, with the exception of one doubtful claw, dredged at Phalarope station 149, near head of Buzzards Bay. Arenceus cribrarius (Lamarck). Vineyard Sound, October 10, 1905; 11 young specimens*; Menemsha Bight, on gulfweed, August 29, 1906; 2 specimens*. Not pre- viously recorded for New England. Ovalipes ocellatus (Herbst). Lady crab. [Chart II7-] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 547, 338, etc. {Platy- onichus ocellatus)', S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 33 {Platyonichus ocellatus)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 9. Western half of Vineyard Sound, common; dredged at a few points elsewhere, including a few stations in the Bay; 3 to 19 fathoms, almost exclusively on sandy bottoms. — Sur- vey. Common on the Bay shore, at the local bathing beach; recorded from Menemsha and Vineyard .Haven. In general this species fre- quents sandy shores and bottoms, burrowing BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 673 Ovalipes ocellatus — Continued. in the sand and lying with only the eyes and antennae exposed. Occasionally taken swim- ming at the surface . Fish Hawk stations: 7543 (1), 7543 bis (2), 7546 (2 large, 1 small), 7547 bis (2), 7554 (several small), 7557 (1), 7562 (1 large), 7566 (few small), 7567 (2). 7569 (4 large), 7570 (1), 7574 (1), 7575 (2), 7576 (1), 7584 (2), 7589 (3 large), 7590 (1), 7591 (several large), 7598 (1 large), 7676 (3), 7679 (many), 7680 (several), 7681 (many), 7682 (1), 7698 (few), 7699 (several), 7700 (sev- eral), 7701 (few), 7702 (several), 7703 (few), 7704 (2), 7705 (x), 7706 (several), 7708 (several), 7709 (several large), 7710 (x large), 7717 (3), 7718 (few), 7719 (several), 7721 (1), 7725 (sev- eral), 7726 (several), 7727 (1), 7728 (several), 7729 (many), 7730 (few), 7734 (1), 7735 (1), 7761 (many, large and small), 7782 (1 medium). Phalarope stations: 140 (1), 142, 150. Reported' by Smith from the stomachs of the tautog, squeteague, and mackerel. Family XanthidzE. Panopeus herbstii Milne Edwards. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 547, 472 (no local rec- ords); Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, p. 358; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 6 {Eupanopeus herbstii). Vineyard Sound, in 1875; Woods Hole, January 8, 1876; Newport. — Rathbun. Bay shore of Pasque Island, at Phalarope station 84*; 1 young. — Survey. Found in oyster beds, ac- cording to Smith, “apparently . . . intro- duced from farther south with the oysters.” Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 547, 312, etc. {Panopeus depressus)', S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 37 {Panopeus depressus)', Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, p. 366 {Panopeus depressus)', M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 6. Vineyard Sound, 1875, 1882; New Bedford, 1882 (W. Nye, jr., collector). — Rathbun. This spe- cies was listed by Verrill and Smith (1873) from nearly every sort of shore and bottom , as well as from piles and upon oyster beds, where it was said to be very abundant. These authors ap- parently regarded P. depressus as even com- moner locally than P. sayi. There is here apparently a confusion of species. Miss Rath- bun has not found a single undoubted specimen a In addition to those cases where the asterisk has been used, (erred to Miss Rathbun (or identification. It is possible that i tifrons or depressus. Eurypanopeus depressus — Continued . of depressus among the very numerous crabs from the survey dredging collections which have been referred to her; and but a single specimen in a lot of panopeid crabs obtained at about a dozen different points along shore. This last was taken at Wareham River, on a muddy bank. Neopanope texana sayi (Smith). [Chart 118.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 547, 312, etc. {Pan- opeus sayi)', S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 37 {Panopeus sayi)\ Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, p. 363 {Panopeus sayi)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 7. Very abundant in the eastern half of Vineyard Sound and the upper half of Buzzards Bay, though not confined to these regions; appar- ently absent from the western end of Vineyard Sound. — Survey. Dredged in 2 to 17 fath- oms, on all sorts of bottoms. Very common, likewise, along shore, especially in muddy places, and on piles among algae, etc. Re- corded from Woods Hole Harbor, Nobska Point* and Beach*, Vineyard Haven*, Ed- gartown*, Katama Bay*, West Falmouth* Scraggy Neck*, Fort Phoenix*, Round Hill Point *. Fish Hawk stations :« 7521 bis (1), 7522 (4 fe- males, 4 males), 7522 bis(x), 7523 (2 very small), 7523 bis (few small), 7524 (1 female, 1 male), 7525 (1 female), 7525 bis (few), 7526 (2 females), 7527 (5 males and females, latter with eggs), 753° bis (1), 7532 (6), 7534 bis (1), 7535 (1), 7536 (1), 7537 (1 male), 7538 bis (3), 7541 (1 male), 7543 bis (few small), 7545 (1 male), 7547 (few), 7550 bis (1), 7751 bis (few), 7554 bis (1 small), 7555 (few), 7556 (many), 7564 (many), 7570 (r), 7572 (2), 7573 (many), 7610 (1), 7611 (2), 7612 (1 small), 7613 (several)*, 76x4 (1 female with eggs and 1 small), 7615 (3), 7616 (1), 7618 (2, 1 with eggs), 7619 (several), 7620 (several small), 7621 (several), 7623 (few), 7(324 (sev- eral), 7625 (several), 7626 (1 small), 7628 (many), 7629 (several), 7631 (many), 7632 (few), 7633 (few), 7634 (several), 7635 (sev- eral), 7644 (1), 7645 (2), 7646 (1), 7647 (few), 7648 (few), 7651 (1), 7656 (1), 7659 (x), 7663 (1), 7697“ (2), 7732*, 7737 (female with eggs)*, 7738 (1)*. 7749 (*)*> 775° (1), 7753*. 7756*. 7757*. 775s*. 7759 (female with eggs)*, 7762 (female with eggs)*, 7763*, 7764*, 7767*, 7768*, 7769*, 7772* 7776*, 7777*, 7781*, 7783*. many specimens from stations 7697 to 7750 and 82 to 153 were re- n some cases this species was confused in the field with annus- 674 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Neopanope texana sayi — Continued. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (few), 2 (few), 3 (few), s (1), 6 (1), 8 (few), 10 (1), 11 (1), 15 (few), 17*, 24 (few), 25 (2), 26 (1 small), 27 (1), 29 (few), 30 (few), 62 (1), 63 (few), 69 (few small), 70 (several small), 71 (several), 72 (several), 74 (1), 82 (1), 84, 85, 86, 87 (1), 107 (1 female with eggs), 108 (n) in (1), 112, 114 (1), 116 (2), 117 (4 ovigerous females), 118 (7 ovigerous females), 121 (2), 123 (1), 124 (1), 125 (2), 127 (1), 130 (1), 132 (common, ovigerous female), 137, 138 (3 ovigerous), 139 (fragment), 141 (2), 142 (2 ovigerous), 144 (many), 143 (sev- eral), 146 (several), 147 (several), 149 (many), iS° (3). I5I (i)» IS2 (4). 153 0)> iS4 (2 small)*, 157 (few living)*, 138 (1 small) (?). Reported by Smith from the stomach contents of the sea bass ( Centropristes ), tautog and sea robin. Hexapanopeus angustifrons (Benedict & Rath- bun). Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, p. 373 ( Panopeus angustifrons, sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 7. Vineyard Sound, off East Chop, in 1887 (Fish Hawk stations 1205-1208); Nantucket Sound; Buzzards Bay. — Rathbun. Buzzards Bay at Fish Hawk stations 7612*, 7628*, and 7639* (1907 repetitions), where this species was taken in company with Neopanope texana sayi. Also at Phalarope stations 84*, 144*, 145*, 147* (all likewise at Buzzards Bay). ? Rhithro panopeus karrisii (Gould). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 547, 313, etc. ( Pano- peus harrisii); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 37 ( Pano- peus harrisii); Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, p. 378 ( Panopeus harrisii ); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 8. Rocky shores, “occasionally met with under stones, but lives rather higher up [than dcpres- sus or sayi] toward high-water mark; ” found in brackish, even nearly fresh, water. — Smith. No definite local records, though this region lies within the known range of the species. Family Pinnotherid^E. Pinnotheres ostreum Say. Oyster crab. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 346, 438, etc.; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 5. Naushon, 1886. — Rathbun. The female of this species is the familiar “oyster crab,” and is doubtless frequently taken locally, though but one definite record exists. The male is free swimming, and has been taken at the surface in Vineyard Sound. — Smith. Pinnotheres maculatus Say. Mussel crab. [Chart 1 x9- J Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 546, 309, etc.; R. Rathbun, 1884, p. 766; Bumpus, 1898b; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 5. Buzzards Bay, in 1887 (Fish Hawk station 1215). — Rathbun. In Survey dredging, only recorded from Vineyard Sound; absence from Bay rec- ords may, however, be due to our failure to ex- amine the mussels. Males taken in tow at the local pier in July, October, and December*. — Edwards. Like the preceding species, this crab lives commensally in bivalve mollusks. It is common in Mytilus edulis, Modiolus modiolus, and Pccten magcllanicus . R. Rathbun states that from a bushel of the last species, taken off Newport, nearly a pint of the crabs were taken; while single specimens of Modiolus, examined by members of the Survey, have been found to contain as many as seven or eight crabs. The male, as with the preceding spe- cies, is free swimming, though sometimes met with in the hosts. Fish Hawk stations: 7530 (2, with eggs, in Modi- olus), 735s (1 in Mytilus), 7556 (many in My- tilus), 7561 (many of both sexes in Modiolus), 7563 (in Mytilus), 7564 (in Mytilus), 7565 (in Mytilus), 7583 (1 large female, from Modiolus), 7598 (3 from Modiolus), 7679 (female with eggs), 7681 (3), 7732 (1), 7733 (4), 7737 (2 females and 1 male), 7758 (1). Egg-bearing females observed by F. P. Gorham from July 9 to August 29. — Bumpus. Pinnixa chcetopterana Stimpson. S. I. Smith, 1882, p. 250; M. J. Rathbun, 1903, P- 5- Adults dredged in Buzzards Bay, young taken at the surface in Vineyard Sound. — Smith. According to Smith this is by far the commoner of the two local species of Pinnixa. Woods Hole , Naushon. — Rathbun. Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk station 7614 (1907 repetition), 2 speci- mens.— Survey. This crab inhabits the tubes of Chaetopterus pergamentaceus and of Amphi- trite ornata. One of the Pinnixas, believed to be this species, is fairly common on a shoal be- tween Ram Island and Devils Foot. Four specimens were taken here with 13 Chaetop- terus by J. F. McClendon and C. B. Bennett. Pinnixa sayana Stimpson. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 546, 367, etc. (Pin- nixa cylindrica); S. I. Smith, 1882, p. 250; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 6. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay (dredged), living in the tubes of certain large annelids. — BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 675 Pinnixa sayana — Continued. Smith. Buzzards Bay, in 1887, at Fish Hawk stations 1211-122 1 . — Rathbun. Wareham River, at Phalarope station 154, 2 speci- mens*.— Survey . Reported by Smith from the stomach of the sum- mer flounder. Dissodactylus mellitce (Rathbun). Sumner, 1909, p. 985. A single specimen was dredged July 29, 1908, in the vicinity of Fish Hawk station 7703,* along with large numbers of the “sand dollar” ( Echinaraclmius parma); another is recorded from Fish Hawk station 7579. Family Grapsid.*;. Planes minutus (Linnaeus). S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 120 ( Nautilograpsus minu- tus; not listed for this region); 1882a ( Nau- tilograpsus minutus)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 4. Western part of Vineyard Sound, commonly on gulfweed; of variable abundance, depending upon the occurrence of the weed; recorded as very common during the summers of 1904 and 1906; not seen in 1907. Wareham River (doubtless a straggler). — Rathbun. Recorded from August 9 to October 15. During August and September many of the females carry eggs. Sesarma reticulatum (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 546, 467, etc. ( Sesar- ma reticulata)', M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 4. Wareham, Acushnet River. — Rathbun. Ware- ham River*. — Cole. Burrows in salt marshes and the banksof estuaries. LTsually associated with Uca pugnax. — Smith. Family Ocypodid.®. Ocypode albicans Bose. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 545, 745, etc. ( Ocy - poda arenaria); S. I. Smith, 1882a ( Ocypode quadrata); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 1. Class If Anurida maritima (Guerin). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 544, 331. Woods Hole; Nantucket. — Verrill. Abundant at Nobska Point and doubtless many similar places, beneath stones, between tides, etc. Chironomus halophilus Packard. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 539, 415 (descrip- tion by A. S. Packard). Ocypode albicans — Continued. Only the megalops is known locally. This has been taken by V. N. Edwards in Vineyard Sound in September (Smith) and by J. S. Kingsley on August 1 (Marine Biological Labo- ratory card catalogue). The adult burrows in sahdy beaches, above high tide. Uca pugnax (Smith). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 545, 367, etc. ( Gelasi - mus pugnax)', S. I. .Smith, 1879, p. 33 ( Gelasi - mus pugnax)', Bumpus, 1898b (Gelasimus pug- nax); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 1. Acushnet River, in 1882 ( W. Nye, jr., collector.) — Rathbun. Hadley Harbor, Wareham River*. Abounds in salt marshes and on the borders of estuaries, where it riddles the ground with its holes. Reported by Bumpus as breeding early in June. Uca pugilator (Bose). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 545, 336, etc. (Gelasi- mus pugilator); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 33 ( Gelasi- mus pugilator); Bumpus, 1898b ( Gelasimus pugilator); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 2. Head of Woods Hole Flarbor, Ram Island, Had- ley Harbor. Wareham River*, Katama Bay*, Sippowisset. — Rathbun. Inhabits sand or mud flats and beaches near high-water mark, including the shores of brackish waters. Breeds early in June. — Bumpus. Uca minax (Leconte). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 545, 337, etc. ( Gelasi- mus minax); Bumpus, 1898b ( Gelasimus minax); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 2. (No definite local records published by anyof these writers). Woods Hole, 1875; Wareham (U. S. Nat. Mus.); New Bedford, in 1882 and 1886 (W. Nye, jr., collector). — Rathbun (MS. notes). This crab, according to Smith, “ lives upon salt marshes, usually farther from the sea than the others, and frequently where the water is most of the time nearly fresh.” Breeds early in June. — Bumpus. Chiro nomus halo phi lus — Continued . “ Full-grown larvae were dredged in 10 fathoms in Vineyard Sound, several miles from land, among compound ascidians (A. E. V.), and several young larvae were dredged in 8 to 10 fathoms in Woods Hole Passage, September 10 (A. S. P.).” 676 BULLETIN of the bureau of fisheries. Veri-ill and Smith (1873, p. 540, 543) also list for local waters a larva which they refer to the genus Eristalis, “found in Vineyard Sound, among algae in April”; and another listed as “Molanna, species undetermined, ” which was “found in a . . . tube . . . attached to the piles of a wharf , below high- water mark, at Menemsha Bight.” The following is a list of the species of insects taken by Mr. E- D. Congdon in brackish water at Great Pond and Tashmoo Pond, July and August, 1907. While these insects are not strictly marine in their habitat, it seems worth while to include this list in the present work. The species were identified by Messrs. Banks, Clemons, Currie, Heidemann, and Schwartz, of the United States National Museum. Neurop,te;ra. Limnophilidx sp., larva. Tashmoo, Great Pond. Odonata. JEschna sp., larva. Great Pond. Anax junius (Drury), larva. Tashmoo. Sympetrum sp., larva. Great Pond. HrmipTERA. Corixa burmeisterii Fieber. Tashmoo. Corixa harrissii Uhler. Great Pond. Gerris mdrginatus Say. Tashmoo. Mesovelia sp. (probably M. bisignata Uhler), nymph. Tashmoo. Notonecta undulata Say. Tashmoo, Great Pond. COLEOPTERA. Acilius fraternus Harris. Great Pond. Berosus peregrinus Herbst. Tashmoo. Class AR. Chernes oblongus Say. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 544, 331. “Under stones near low- water mark at Woods Hole . . . several specimens were found to- Bidessus discretus Sharp. Tashmoo. Cnemidotus muticus Leconte. Great Pond. Gyrinus sp., larvae. Tashmoo, Great Pond. Haliplus ruficollis De Geer. Tashmoo, Great Pond . Hydroporns sp., larvae. Tashmoo. Laccophilus niaculosus Germar. Great Pond. Philhydrus perplexus Leconte. Tashmoo. Tropisternus glaber Herbst. Great Pond. Tropisternus nimbatus Say. Great Pond. Tropisternus sp., larvae and egg cases. Tashmoo, Great Pond. Diptera. Ceratopogon sp., pupa. Tashmoo. Chironomus sp., larvae. Tashmoo, Great Pond. Cm licidcB sp., larva. Tashmoo. Odontomya sp., larva. Tashmoo. Tabanus sp., larva. Great Pond. Tetanocera sp., larva. Tashmoo. CHNIDA. Chernes oblongus — Continued. gether. ” — Verrill and Smith. Juniper (But- lers) Point.— W. M. Wheeler, in Marine Bio- logical Laboratory card catalogue. XIPHOSURA. Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus). . Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 580, 340; Bumpus, 1898; 1898a; 1898b. Common locally wherever physical conditions are favorable, e. g. , in Woods Hole Harbor, Katama Bay, Vineyard Haven, Menemsha Bight, West Falmouth Harbor. This animal frequents muddy and sandy shores and mud flats, below low-water mark, often burrowing a short dis- tance below the surface. Occasionally dredged by the Survey, even at a depth of sev- eral fathoms; in one case recorded from i2j^ fathoms, though it it is not certain that this was a living specimen. Fish Hawk stations: 7633 (1 living), 7779, 7780 (2 large). Phalarope stations: 138 (1 dead), 140 (1 dead), I5i- Limulus polyphemus — Continued. Limulus disappears through the winter, reap- pearing in the spring. Bumpus reports the taking of one at Waquoit as early as March 25 (1898); and Mr. Edwards reports that they first appeared in Narragansett Bay, at about the same day of the month in 1909. They begin to spawn in May, at which time they come to shore in great numbers, and are easily taken. A limited area at the head of Great Harbor has for years been a much frequented breeding ground. The spawning season seems to continue actively throughout part of June; and I. A. Field has observed paired individ- uals at Menemsha Bight as late as July 17. The eggs are deposited in the sand, a short distance below the surface. Young from one-half inch to 2 or 3 inches long are found during the mid- dle of August, and small tests are sometimes exceedingly abundant on the beaches. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. PYCNOGONIDA.® 677 Family Nympho nidve. Nymphon grossipes (Fabricius). F. B. Wilson, 1880, p. 491 (no local records). One specimen dredged by the Phalarope at Crab Ledge, in 15 fathoms, August 22 (?), 1902. — Cole. Family Ammotheidze. Tanystylum orbiculare Wilson. [Chart 120.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 544, etc. ( Pallene sp.); E. B. Wilson, 1878, p. 5 (sp. nov.); 1880, p. 471; Morgan, 1891; Bumpus, 1898b; Cole, 1901. Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound, Vineyard Haven, occurring on piles; likewise taken in the dredge among ascidians and hydroids. — Ver- rill. Numerous stations throughout length of Vineyard Sound ; also in Quicks Hole and Rob- insons Hole; none taken in Buzzards Bay; dredged in 1 to 15 fathoms, on sand, gravel, and stones. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7521 bis (1), 7522 (many), 7522 bis (about 12), 7531 bis (1), 7535 (1), 7554 bis (2), 7560 (1), 7564 bis (1), 7594 (1), 7742 (1), 7743 (1), 7745 (4), 7758 (several), 7759 (1), 7760 (1), 7764 (2), 7765 (1). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations*: 13 (1), 15 (few on hydroids), 16 (1), 22, 27 (few), 51 (few on Crisia), 57 (few). With eggs in July, August, and September; abundant larvae found July 1 and later. — T. H. Morgan. Family PaelEnidzE. Pallene breroirostris Johnston. E. B. Wilson, 1878, p. 9 ( Pallene empusa ); 1880, p. 476 ( Pallene empusa ); Morgan, 1891 ( Pal - lene empusa)', Bumpus, 1898b (Pallene empusa)\ Cole, 1901, p. 196. Vineyard Sound, on Pennaria tiarella. — Wilson. Bureau of Fisheries pier, Eel Pond. — Morgan. Abundant in Eel Pond. — Cole. Confined to shoaler water than Tanystylum and Anoplodac- tylus, and for this reason not so often taken in the Survey dredgings. One specimen dredged near Gay Head, at Blue Wing station 45*. Carries eggs in July, August, and September. — Morgan. Family Phoxichilidiid/E. Anoplodactylus lentus Wilson. & [Chart 121.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 544, 415 ( Phoxichil - idium maxillare ); E. B. Wilson, 1878, p. 200 ( Anoplodactylus lentus sp. nov.); 1878a, p. 14; 1880, p. 482; Morgan, 1891 ( Phoxichilidium maxillare)', Bumpus, 1898b ( Phoxichilidium maxillare)', Cole, 1901; 1906. Piers at Woods Hole and Vineyard Haven; found on piles between tides and down to consider- able depths, usually among hydroids, algae, ascidians, etc.; a very common species, es- pecially abundant in colonies of Eudendrium, upon the hydranths of which it feeds. — Cole. Dredged almost exclusively in the eastern half of Vineyard Sound, where it is common; taken once off Penikese; 7 to 17 fathoms, chiefly on sandy and stony bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (1), 7527(4, 1 with eggs), 7528 (1), 7532(1), 7537 (1) 7538 (2), 7538 bis (about 12), 7541 bis (1 male with eggs), 7549 bis (many males carrying eggs), 7550 bis (1 male with eggs), 7551 bis (1), 7552 bis (2), 7553 bis (about 15), 7554 bis (1), 7565 bis (several, some with eggs), 7672 (1), 7755 (1 adult female), 7758 (2 females, 3 males), 7759 (1 male with eggs), 7760 (2 males with eggs, 1 female). Phalarope station : 63 (1). Carries eggs from July to September 30. — Morgan. Larvae probably parasitic in some hydroid. Family Endeid,E. Endeis spinosus (Montagu). Cole, 1910, p. 193. A species of Endeis [Phoxichilus] which wras found abundantly, in association with Obelia dicho- toma, upon floating gulfweed in the western part of Vineyard Sound, can not be separated from this European species, though it differs so markedly in habitat. Collected July 5, 13, September 4, 19, 1904, October 15, 1905, August 22, 1906, October 8, 1906. (Collected by V. N. Edwards and J. A. Cushman, identi- fied by L. J. Cole). Adult males (many bear- ing eggs), females and young taken. Family Pycnogonidid^E. ? Pycnogonum littorale (Strom). E- B. Wilson, 1880, p. 469. No local records, though this region is included within the known range of the species. It probably occurs, however, only in the deeper water outside the limits of the Survey. “ Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Dr. L. J. Cole. 6 Norman (Journal Dinnaean Society, vol. 30, 1908, p. 204) has substituted the earlier nam eAnaphia (Say. 1821) for Anoplo- dactylus (Wilson, 1878). Since, however. Say’s descriptions and figures were far from perfect, aud it is by no means certain that the forms are congeneric, Dr. Cole has thought it advisable to retain the later name. 678 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Phylum MOLLUSCA.“ Class PELECYPODA. Family Ostreim;. Ostrea virginica Gmelin. Oyster. [Chart 122.] Gould, 1870, p. 202 ( Ostrea virginiana), p. 203 ( O . borealis)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 697, 310, etc. ( Ostrea virginiana) ; Dali, 1889, p. 32; Sumner, 1910, fig. 12. Oysters are raised in Wareham River, and in Wa- quoit Bay and Cotuit Bayon Cape Cod. Adult specimens have been found in Hadley Harbor ( Edwards) and the young are occasionally met with in the vicinity of Woods Hole. Shells were dredged by the Survey in from 2 to 19 fathoms, being particularly common in the western end of Vineyard Sound, where they had probably been thrown overboard from passing vessels. Living specimens recorded from only two stations: once near the shore of Pasque Island (Bay side); again in Wareham River. Fish Hawk stations: 7523 bis (1 shell), 7551 (1 shell), 7557 (1 shell), 7563 (few shells), 7566 (several shells), 7567 (few shells), 7568 (few shells), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (few shells), 7591 (few shells), 7592 (1 shell), 7607 (1 shell), 7623 (1 shell), 7624 (1 shell fragment), 7681 (1 shell, eroded), 7683 (1 shell), 7699 (1 shell), 7701 (several shells), 7702 (2 shells), 7706 (few shells), 7707 (1 shell), 7708 (several shells), 7717 (few fragments), 7718 (several worn shells), 7719 (few worn fragments). Phalarope stations: 83 (1 living), 152 (1), 153 (1 shell), 154 (several shells), 156 (several shells), 157 (many large shells and 1 living), 163 (r shell), 164 (few shells). Family Anomiid.E. Anomia simplex d’Orbigny. Jingle shell, gold shell, silver shell. [Chart 123.] Gould, 1870, p. 204 ( Anomia ephippium), p. 205 (A. electrica ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 696, 311, etc. ( Anomia glabra ); Dali, 1889, p. 32. Distribution general throughout the region; almost equally abundant in the Bay and Sound. Shells dredged by the Survey in 1 to 25 fath- oms, on bottoms of all kinds; living specimens taken in 2 to 9 fathoms, though comparatively seldom at these depths. Especially abundant near low-water mark, adhering to stones or to other shells. A nomia simplex — Continued, Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few shells), 7521 bis (many shells), 7524^5(1), 7526(1 shell attached to tube of Diopatra ), 7528 (several shells), 7531 (1 small shell), 7532 bis (1 shell), 7533 (frag- ment), 7535 (fragments), 7536 bis (2 shells), 7538 (fragment), 7542 bis (few shells), 7543 (few shells), 7544 (few shells), 7546 bis, 7547 bis (1 shell), 7549 bis? (1 fragment), 7552 bis (few shells), 7553 (1 shell), 7553 bis (few shells), 7554 bis (few shells), 7556 bis (many shells), 7557(2 shells), 7562 bis (1 shell), 7563 (few shells), 7563 bis (few shells), 7564 (x), 7564 bis (few shells), 7565 (1 shell), 7566 (several shells), 7567 (many shells, few small living), 7568 (few shells), 7569 (few shells), 7569 bis (few shells), 7570 (1 shell), 7575 (fragment), 7576 (1 shell), 7577 (1 shell), 7578 (1 shell), 7579 (few shells), 7580 (few shells), 7583 (few shells), 7585 (sev- eral shells), 7591 (several shells), 7592 (few shells), 7594 (few shells), 7596 (1 shell), 7598 (few shells), 7603 (living, on Boreoscala grcen- landica ), 7609 (1 worn shell), 7610 (several shells), 7612 (fragment), 7613 (several shells), 7614 (few shells), 7615 (many shells), 7616 (several shells), 7618 (several shells), 7620 (abundant, shells), 7621 (many shells), 7623 (few shells), 7624 (many shells), 7625 (few shells), 7626 (shells abundant), 7627 (many shells), 7628 (few), 7629 (many shells), 7630 (many shells), 7631 (very abundant), 7632 (many shells), 7633 (many shells), 7634 (many shells), 7635 (many shells), 7636 (several shells), 7637 (several shells), 7639 (many shells), 7640 (few shells), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (shells), 7645 (many shells), 7646 (fragment), 7647 (many shells), 7648 (many shells), 7649 (few shells), 7651 (few shells), 7652 (few shells), 7655 (few shells), 7656, 7658 (few living and shells), 7659 (few shells), 7660 (1 fragment), 7662 (few shells), 7663 (few shells), 7664 (few shells), 7665 (few shells used in Diopatra tubes), 7666 (1 shell), 7667 (few shells in Diopatra tube), 7668 (few shells), 7669 (1 shell), 7671 (few shells), 7672 (few shells), 7674 (few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7678 (few shells), 7679 (few shells), 7680 (few shells), 7681 (few shells), 7682 (several shells), 7686 (1 frag- ment), 7694 (1 shell), 7695 (few shells), 7698 ® Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Messrs. W. H. Dali and Paul Bartseh; those from points designated by a dagger (t) by Dr. F. M. MaeFarland; those from points designated by a double dagger (t) by Dr. Bartseh. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 679 nomia simplex — Continued. (few shells), 7700 (1 shell), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (several shells), 7703 (several shells), 7704 (1 shell), 7706 (few shells), 7707 (several shells), 770S (few shells), 7709 (1 shell), 7717 (few shells), 7718 (many shells), 7719 (many shells), 7722 (1 shell), 7726 (several shells), 7727 (2 small shells), 7730 (many shells), 7734 (several shells), 7739 (few shells), 7740 (many shells), 7744 (several shells), 7752 (several shells), 7755 (1 shell), 7757 (few shells), 7758 (1 shell), 7761 (few shells), 7764 (1 small shell), 7766 (1 shell), 7767 (1 shell), 7771 (1 shell), 7772 (1 shell), 7776 (several shells), 7777 (few shells), 7778 (few shells), 7779 (many shells), 7780 (few shells), 7783 (few shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (1), 3 (few shells), 5 (1 fragment), 6 (few shells), 7 (many shells), 8 (few), 9 (1 shell), 10 (few), n (few shells), 12 (several), 15 (few shells), 22 (1 shell), 23 ( 1 shell), 24 (1 shell), 25 (few shells), 27 (several), 30 (few), 32 (1) 34 (few shells), 35 (few living), 37 (few shells), 38 (shells), 39 (few shells), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 44 (1 piece), 51 (1 small living on Thais shell), 52 (few shells), 57 (1 small living), 58, 60 (x shell), 62 (1 shell), 66 (1 shell), 68 ( 1 living), 71 (several shells), 72 (few shells), 74 (1 living), 76 (few shells), 77 (1 living), 79 (1 shell), 80 (several), 81 (several) 82 (several shells), 84 (many), 85, 86, 87, 88 (1 shell), 91, 93 (1 shell), 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 103, 105 (shells), 107 (shells common), 108, no, 112, 113, 114 (few shells), 115 (few shells), 117 (few shells), 118 (few shells), 121 (few shells), 123 (many shells), 124 (several shells), 126 (shells common), 127 (1 shell), 128 (shells common), 129 (shells common), 130 (shells common), 132 (common), 133 (common), 134 (shells abund- ant), 135, 136 (shells abundant), 137 (many shells), 138 (shells common), 139 (abundant), 140 (common), 141 (shells common), 142 (com- mon), 143 (few shells), 144 (abundant, living and shells), 145 (many), 146 (shells common), 147 (shells common), 149 (many shells), 151 (few shells), 152 (shells), 153 (few shells), 154 (shells abundant), 155 (many large living), 156 (many living and shells), 157 (few living and shells), 158 (few living and many shells), 159 (many shells), 160 (few shells), 161 (sev- eral shells), 162 (few shells), 163 (several shells), 164 (many shells), 165 (many shells), 167 (few shells). Anomia aculeata Gmelin. [Chart 124.] Gould, 1870, p. 204 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 697, 495, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 32. Off Gay Head. — Verrill. Living specimens taken at Crab Ledge (abundant); Vineyard Sound, at both ends, and the mouth of Buz- zards Bay; shells more widely distributed than living specimens, though far less general than those of A . simplex. — Survey. Dredged in 3 to 23 fathoms, on various bottoms, rarely in mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis (1 living), 7525 bis, 7537 bis (several shells), 7541 bis (1 shell), 7549 bis (1 shell), 7551 bis (1 shell), 7553 bis (1 shell), 7556 bis (1 shell), 7563 bis (few shells), 7595 (2 shells), 7603 (many living)*, 7606 (few), 7607 (many), (in the last three cases recorded as attached to stones and to Modiolus), 7609 (few on Modiolus ), 7665 (few shells in Diopatra tube), 7679 (living on Modiolaria), 7682 (1 shell), 7688 (several shells), 7696 (x shell), 7697 (1 shell), 7699 (x shell), 7700 (several living and shells), 7701 (1 shell), 7704 (1 shell), 7706 (several living and shells), 7707 (1 shell), 7708 (1 shell), 7709 (1 living), 7718 (1 shell), 7719 (1 shell), 7721 (fragment, 1 small shell), 7744 (1 shell), 7751 (1 shell), 7753 (1 shell), 7756 (1 shell), 7757 (1 shell), 7764 (1 shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 7 (1 shell), 10 (1), 15 (1 shell), 16 (1 shell), 22 (2 shells), 24 (1 shell), 23 (1 shell), 27 (many), 28 (1), 30 (1), 32 (2 shells), 34 (several), 35 (few shells), 37, 38 (shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 45 (1 shell), 52 (1 shell), 57 (1 shell), 58 (several), 59 (com- mon), 60 (several), 62 (1 living), 65 (many shells and living), 66 (several), 67 (1 shell), 68 (several shells), 79 (1 shell), 82 (1 living), 84, 86, 87, 92 (shells), 99, 102, 111 (1 living), 112, 113, 114 (few living), 116. Family Pbctinid^. Pecten magellanicus (Gmelin). Smooth scallop (or scollop). [Chart 125.] Gould, 1870, p. 196 ( Pecten tenuico status; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 696, 397, etc. ( Pecten tenuico status)', Dali, 1889, p. 34; Sumner, 1910, fig. 17 Off Gay Head in 29 fathoms; “rare and local south of Cape Cod.” — Verrill. Shells com- mon in the western end of Vineyard Sound, occasional farther to the eastward; likewise taken at Crab Ledge; living specimens scarce 68o bulletin of the bureau op fisheries. Pecten magellanicus — Contiuued . locally. — Survey. Dredged in 4 to 20 fath- oms, for the most part at depths of 10 fathoms or more. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (1 very small shell), 755S (1 shell), 7571 (1 shell), 7572 (1 shell), 7577 (1 shell), 7578 (1 small shell), 7581 (1 shell, used in Diopatra tube), 7585 (1 living), 7592 (1 shell), 7593 (1 shell), 7598 (few shells), 7603 (several shells), 7604 (fragment), 7607 (1 frag- ment), 7608 (1 small living), 7672 (1 shell), 7678 (few shells), 7679 (several shells), 7680 (sev- eral large and small shells), 7681 (several shells), 7682 (several shells), 7683 (2 shells), 7702 (several shells), 7706 (2 shells), 7707 (sev- eral large shells), 7709 (r fragment), 7719 (1 small shell), 7724 (2 small living), 7725 (2 shells), 7728 (1 shell), 7730 (1 fragment), 7731 (living and shells). Phalarope stations: 6(1 fragment), 7 (few frag- ments), 9 (1 shell), 52 ( 1 shell), 59 (several shells). Pecten gibbus borealis (Say). Common scallop (or scollop.) [Chart 126.] Gould, 1870, p. 199 ( Pecten irradians)-, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 695, 361, etc. ( Pecten irradians ); Dali, 1889, p. 34 ( Pecten irradians ); Sumner, 1910, fig. 16. Very common in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, especially in sheltered weedy places, such as occur in Woods Hole Harbor, Vine- yard Haven, Wareham River, or Nantucket Harbor, etc. Shells dredged by the Survey throughout both the Bay and the Sound, in 2 to 15 fathoms, on bottoms of all sorts; living scallops occasionally taken in 2 to 8 fathoms, mainly on somewhat muddy bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few shells), 7525 bis (1 shell), 7531 (1 small shell), 7533 (1 shell), 7535 (fragments), 7536 bis (1 fragment), 7546 bis (shells and fragments), 7551 (few shells), 7556 bis (2 fragments), 7562 bis (few fragments), 7563 (few shells), 7564 bis (1 fragment), 7566 (1 shell and fragment), 7567 (fragment), 7574 (few shells), 7579 (fragment), 7580 (1 shell), 7594 (2 shells), 7595 (1 shell), 7596 (fragment), 7614 (1 fragment), 7615 (few shells), 7616 (1 fragment), 7619 (1 shell), 7620 (many shells), 7624 (few large shells), 7625 (few shells), 7626 (few shells), 7628 (many fragments), 7629 (several shells), 7630 (few shells), 7631 (several), 7632 (several shells), 7633 (many shells), 7635 (many shells and fragments), 7636 (1 shell), 7639 (sev- Pecten gibbus borealis — Continued. eral fragments), 7644 (small shells and frag- ments), 7645 (few shells), 7646 ( 1 shell and frag- ments), 7647 (few shells), 7648 (several shells), 7649 (few shells), 7651 (few shells), 7653 (1 liv- ing), 7659 (few shells), 7660 (several shells), 7667 (few fragments), 7668 (fragments), 7671 (few shells), 7674 (1 living and few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7701 (1 shell and 1 fragment), 7703 (1 fragment), 7717 (few fragments), 7730 (1 frag- ment and 1 shell), 7731 (1 fragment), 7739 (1 shell), 7740 (1 shell), 7752 (1 fragment), 7755 (1 shell), 7762 (many shells and few living), 7766 (many shells), 7769 (1 living and several shells), 7770 (several shells), 7771 (1 shell), 7772 (1 fragment), 7774 (several fragments), 7776 (1 small shell), 7777 (many shells), 7778 (many shells), 7779 (few shells), 7780 (few shells), 7781 (several shells), 7783 (fragments). Phalarope stations: 1 (1), 5 (few fragments), 7 (1 shell), 8 (few shells), 9 (1 piece of shell), n (1 fragment), 16 (1 shell), 19 (1 shell), 25 (few shells), 28 (1), 29 (1 shell), 37 (1 shell), 38 (1 small), 43 (shells), 53 (1 shell), 60 (few shells), 62 (1), 63 (1), 65 (1 small shell and living), 68 (2 shells), 70 (few shells), 71 (several living and many shells), 72 (many living and shells), 74 (few), 75 (2), 76 (2 shells), 78 (1 small), 80 (few shells), 82 (few shells), 83 (2 shells), 85 (1 shell), 86, 91, 92 (shells), 95, 96, 97, 102 (1 shell), 107 (few shells), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (shells), 1 15 (few shells), 117 (1 shell), 118 (1 shell), 120 (1 shell), 122 (fragments), 123 (1 shell), 126 (few shells), 127 (shells common), 129 (2 shells), 132 (shells), 133 (shells), 134 (few shells), 135 (1 shell), 136 (many), 137 (many shells), 138 (shells common), 140 (few frag- ments), 141 (few shells), 142 (several shells), 143, 144 (several shells), 145 (several shells), 146 (few shells), 147 (few shells), 148 (several shells), 149 (many shells), 150 (many shells), 151 (fragments), 152 (living), 153 (few shells), 154 (many shells), 155 (several shells), 156 (few shells), 157 (many shells), 158 (many living and shells), 159 (shell fragments), 160 (few fragments), 161 (few shells), 162 (1 shell), 163 (2 shells), 164 (few shells), 165 (few shells), 167 (1 shell). Pecten islandicus Muller. Gould, 1870, p. 198; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 696. (In neither case listed for this region.) Fish Hawk station 7608, at Crab Ledge (1 shell).* BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Family Mytilid^. Mytilus edulis Linnaeus. Common sea mussel. [Chart 127.] Gould, 1870, p. 183; Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 692, 307, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 38; Field, 1911, p. 87. Shells abundant and universally distributed in Vineyard Sound, at 1 to 19 fathoms; in Buz- zards Bay, less frequent and restricted to the southern portions. During the Survey dredg- ing living mussels were chiefly taken in the western half of the Sound, where they were occasionally brought up by the bushel. Ex- tensive mussel beds occur locally in shallow waters near shore, and the species is also fre- quently abundant on piles. In early life they become attached to almost any solid object, and two living specimens were taken from the gill chamber of a lobster. Owing to causes which are not always obvious, great mussel beds may be completely exterminated within a limited period, leaving deposits of shells. Thus several localities where mussels were extremely abundant during the summer of 1903 were redredged in 1908, but only shells and fragments were taken. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few shells), 7521 bis (fragments), 7525 bis (fragments and a few whole shells), 7533 (several), 7533 bis (several shells), 7 S3S (many), 7536 (numerous), 7536 bis (many fragments), 7539 bis (1 shell), 7340 (fragment), 7541 (several shells), 7541 bis (many shells), 7542 (1 shell), 7542 bis (few shells), 7543 (fragments), 7545 (many large fragments), 7545 bis (many fragments), 7546 bis (many fragments), 7547 bis (abundant), 7548 (large fragment), 7550 (many), 7550 bis (few shells and fragments), 7551 (liv- ing), 7551 bis (1 bushel, living), 7552 (many fragments), 7552 bis (few shells), 7553 (shells, forming large part of contents of dredge), 7553 Ms (many shells), 7555 (several bush- els, living), 7556 (tons, living), 7556 bis (many shells), 7557 (few shells), 7558 (frag- ments and shells abundant, constituting greater part of catch), 7559 (few), 7560 (few shells), 7561 (many), 7562 (many fragments), 7562 bis (few fragments), 7563 (many shells), 7563 bis (few fragments), 7564 (many, consti- tuting greater part of catch), 7564 bis (very manyshells), 756s(many), 7565bis(fragments), 7566 (many living), 7567 (few shells), 7568 (fragments), 7569 (few fragments), 7569 bis (few fragments), 7570 (many living), 7571 (several bushels, many living), 7572 (many 68l Mytilus edulis — Continued. shells), 7573 (bushels, living), 7574 (many shells and living), 7575 (fragments), 7576 (fragments), 7577 (few shells), 7578 (many living), 7579 (few shells), 7581 (several shells), 7582 (several shells), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (few shells), 7585 (few shells,) 7587 (1 shell), 7588 (few shells), 7591 (many shells), 7592 (many living and shells), 7593 (many shells), 7594 (many shells), 7595 (many living), 7596 (many), 7597 (few shells), 7598 (few shells), 7599 (many), 7600 (few shells), 7602 (few shells), 7603 (x shell), 7604 (1 shell), 7610 (frag- ments), 7636 (few shells), 7638 (several shells), 7639 (several shells), 7653 (few small), 7656 (several large and small shells), 7660 (1 shell), 7661 (1 shell), 7664 (few shells), 7665 (several shells), 7667 (shells and living), 7668 (few shells), 7670 (many living and shells), 7672 (1 shell), 7673 (1 shell), 7674 (very few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7677, 7678 (many shells), 7679 (large and small living), 7680 (very abundant, small living), 7681 (many small living and large shells), 7682 (many large and small shells), 7683 (1 fragment), 7685 (many small living), 7693 (several young and living), 7695 (fragments), 7696 (shells and fragments), 7697 (many shells), 7698 (few small living and frag- ments), 7699 (fragments and living), 7700 (many fragments), 7701 (many fragments), 7702 (many fragments), 7703 (many fragments and living), 7704 (fragments), 7705 (few frag- ments), 7706 (few shell fragments), 7707 (many living and shells), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (frag- ments), 7717 (few fragments), 7718 (many shells), 7719 (many shells), 7720 (fragments and very many small living), 7721 (very many living and shells), 7722 (fragments and very many small living), 7723 (1 small shell), 7724 (several living), 7725 (few small living), 7726 (few shells and fragments), 7727 (2), 7729 (1 small shell), 7730 (1 living), 7731 (many frag- ments and small living), 7732 (many living), 7733 (many living and shells), 7734 (very many shells and fragments), 7735 (many shells), 7736 (many shells), 7737 (few fragments), 7738 (sev- eral small living), 7739 (few shells and frag- ments), 7740 (many shells), 7741 (manyshells), 7744 (many fragments), 7745 (few fragments), 7752 (few fragments), 7769 (1 large shell), 7771 (1 shell fragment), 7772 (1 shell fragment), 7773 (1 shell fragment), 7776 (very many shells and fragments), 7779 (few fragments), 7780 (few shells), 7783 (very many shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (1 shell), 4 (few shells), 16 (several shells), 22 (shells 682 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Mytilus cdulis — Continued. abundant), 25 (few shells), 26 (very abundant), 27 (very abundant), 28 (very abundant), 29 (few), 30 (few), 32 (1 small living), 34 (few shells), 35 (many small), 37 (fragments of shells), 38 (few small), 39 (few shells), 40 (few shells), 41 (few fragments), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 46 (few small), 47 (many very small), 48, 49 (few small), 50 (1 small), 51 (many small living), 52 (few), 55 (1 shell), 56 (shells), 57 (few shells), 58, 59 (young very abundant), 60 (few shells), 63 (1 shell), 65 (1 shell), 66 (many shells), 68 (few shells), 69 (several), 71(1 living), 73 (few shells and frag- ments), 74 (few shells), 75 (few shells), 81 (few shells), 82 (1 shell), 83 (fragments and young), 85, 92, 99 (few shells), 100 (few shells), 102, 103, 105 (shells), in (great beds, living and shells), 112, 117 (few fragments), 118 (shells), 121 (shells), 122 (shells and fragments), 129 (1 shell), 141 (shells and fragments), 165 (several fragments), 167 (many fragments). Prof. Verrill writes: “This species breeds early in the spring. I have found immense numbers of the young, about as large as the head of a pin, . . . on the 12th of April.” On the other hand, Prof. I. A. Field, who has made a careful study of the reproduction of the mussel at Woods Hole, states that “no mature sexual products were observed before July 3 [1909],” when active spermatozoa were noted, though material was examined at monthly intervals commencing with February 7. The extrusion of eggs and spermatozoa was studied in the laboratory troughs on August 21 and 26. Field believes that locally “the mussel does not breed earlier than June, and continues to breed on into September.” The mussel is used extensively as food in Europe, but only to a small extent on our own coast. It is sometimes used as a fertilizer and as bait. It is doubtless important as a food for tautog and other fishes. For an interesting account of the natural history of this species see Field, 1911. ?Modiolus hamatus (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 693, 374: Verrill, 1882a, p. 577. Living animals not recorded from this region, though Verrill states that shells have been found in the post-Pliocene of Nantucket. Modiolus modiolus (Lamarck). Horse mussel, bearded mussel. [Chart 128.] Gould, 1870, p. 186 ( Modiola modiolus)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 693, 309, etc. (Modiola modiolus)', Dali, 1889, p. 38 ( Modiola modio- lus). Common and generally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay it is far less frequently taken and seems to be restricted to the inshore zone. Large specimens abundant at Crab Ledge. This species occurs from low- tide mark to the greatest depths of the region, attaining great size in deeper waters offshore ; sometimes taken on piles. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 25 fathoms, living specimens being most common on stony and gravelly bottoms. Several small specimens were taken from the gill chamber of a living lobster, some being even attached to the gills themselves. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (several), 7523 (2), 7523 bis (few living), 7524 (many living), 7324 bis (many living), 7525 bis (few shells), 7526 (few), 7527 (1 shell), 7528 (few living), 7529 (few shells), 7530 (many), 7530 bis (many shells), 7531 (many shells), 7531 bis (few shells), 7532 (2 small shells), 7533 (many frag- ments), 7533 bis (1 shell), 7534 (few shells) 7 53 5 bis (several shells), 7536 (numerous shells), 7538 (several shells), 7538 bis (few shells), 7540 (few fragments), 7541 bis (1 shell), 7543 (few fragments), 7544 (1 shell), 7546 (fragments), 7547 (few shells), 7549 (1 living), 7550 (few shells), 7551 (few shells), 7552 (1 living), 7555 (few), 7558 (few), 7561 (few large), 7563 (few living), 7576 (1 shell), 7583 (1 living), 7586 (1 shell), 7592 (1 large), 7594 (1 large shell), 7598 (few large living), 7600 (1 large shell), 7604 (several shells), 7605 (2 very large), 7606 (many very large), 7607 (several very large living; one inches long), 7608 (many very large living), 7609 (many large, living and dead), 7621 (small living), 7630 (1 fragment), 7670 (few), 7672 (few shells), 7676 (1 small living on algae), 7677 (many small living on algae), 7678 (few shells), 7679 (1 shell), 7680 (living and shells), 7681 (several large living), 7699 (1 shell), 7702 (1 large shell), 7706 (1 large shell), 7708 (sev- eral large shells), 7717 (1 large), 7718 (1 large shell), 7719 (few shells), 7720 (1 small shell), 7726 (1 shell), 7732 (1 shell), 7734 (1 shell), 7740 (1), 7742 (1 small living), 7749 (few living and many shells), 7751 (fragment), 7752 (fragments BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 633 Modiolus modiolus — Continued. and several shells), 7753 (1 fragment), 7754 (1 living), 7757 (many living and shells), 7758 (many living and shells), 7759 (many shells and few living), 7760 (many shells), 7763 (liv- ing and shells, common), 7764 (few shells), 7765 (1 living), 7766 (several shells), 7767 (few shells), 7768 (few shells), 7769 (1 shell), 7770 (many shells), 7771 (several shells), 7772 (few shells), 7773 (1 shell fragment), 7777 (1 living and several shells), 7779 (few shells), 7783 (sev- eral shells). Phalarope stations: 1 (1 small living), 3 (few liv- ing), 4 (2 small living), 5 (1 shell), 6 (1 frag- ment), 8 (1 young), 11 (1 shell), 15 (1 shell), 32 (1 living), 34 (1 shell), 52 (few shells), 59 (few), 63 (few), 65 (r shell, 1 living), 69 (living and shells), 71 (few living and shells), 77 (few shells), 100, 104, no, 116, 122 (fragments), 130 (few shells), 149 (1 living), 167 (2 shells). Modiolus demissus (Dillwyn). Ribbed mussel, marsh mussel. Gould, 1870, p. 188 ( Modiola plicalula ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 693, 307, etc. ( Modiola plicatula)', Dali, 1889, p. 38. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, and connecting ponds and estuaries; e. g., Wareham River and head of Woods Hole Harbor. Abundant in marshes and on muddy shores, in salt or brackish water, occurring near high-tide level. Shells dredged by the Survey in 3 to 7 fathoms; these had probably drifted into deeper water from the littoral zone, however. Fish Hawk stations: 7639 (few shells), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (1 shell), 7645 (few shells). Phalarope stations: 156 (1 shell), 161 (1 shell). Modiolaria nigra Loven. [Chart 129.] Gould, 1870, p. 190 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 694, 418, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 40. Deeper parts of Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head. — Verrill. Lower ends of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 3 to 19 fathoms; liv- ing specimens dredged in 7 to 17 fathoms, nearly always on sandy bottoms. — Survey. This species was never taken in large num- bers. Fish Hawk stations: 7580 (1 living)*, 7391 (3 shells), 7597 (1 shell), 7598 (few living), 7599 (1 shell), 7653 (1 living), 7657 (1 shell), 7660 (2 shells), 7666 (1 living), 7672 (2 shells), 7674 (1 shell), 7679 (1 shell), 7680 (1 shell), 7681 (1 shell), 7682 (1 shell), 7686 (1 small living), 7699 (1 shell and 1 living), 7700 (1 shell), 7701 (1 Modiolaria nigra — Continued , shell), 7702 (several shells), 7703 (1 shell), 7706 (several shells), 7709 (1 shell), 7717 (1 fragment and 1 very small living), 7722 (1 fragment), 7728 (1 shell), 7730 (few very small living), 7761 (1 fragment). Phalarope stations: 15 (1 shell), 52 (few shells), S3 (1 shell), 68 (1 fragment), 81 (1), 116. Modiolaria corrugata Morch. Gould, 1870, p. 193 (not listed for this region), Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 694, Dali, 1889, p. 40. “ Off Marthas Vineyard and Buzzards Bay, 20 to 25 fathoms, rare.” — Verrill. Modiolaria Lzvigata (Gray). Gould, 1870, p. 193 {Modiolaria discors; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 694 {Modiolaria discors; no definite local records). Crab Ledge, one record at lower end of Vineyard Sound, 14 to 25 fathoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7378 (2 small living)*, 7603 (1 living), 7606 (2), 7607 (1 living), 7608 (1 liv- ing), 7609 (2 living). Crenella glandula Totten. [Chart 130.] Gould, 1870, p. 194 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 693, 418, etc. ; Dali, 1889, p. 40. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, off Gay Head. — Verrill. Western half of Vineyard Sound; two records in Buzzards Bay, near Quicks Hole; one at Crab Ledge; dredged chiefly in waters of 10 fathoms or more; living specimens rarely taken . — Survey . Fish Hawk stations: 7568 (1 living)*, 7583 (1 shell), 7585 (1 shell), 7605 (1 living), 7679 (2 shells), 7682 (1 shell), 7683 (r small shell), 7696 (1 shell), 7697 (1 shell), 7698 (1 shell), 7700 (x shell), 7702 (3 shells), 7708 (3 shells), 7709 (2 shells), 7717 (1 shell), 7719 (1 shell), 7741 (1 shell). Phalarope stations: 52, 38 (1 shell), 59 (1 living), 65 (1 shell), 81 (living), 83 (2 shells). Family Akcid.-E. Area ponderosa (Say). [Chart 131.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 692; Verrill. 18S2.., p. 573; Dali, 1889, p. 40. Shells recorded from beach at Edgartown, Mar- thas Vineyard.— Verrill. Shells dredged not infrequently in Vineyard Sound, at depths of 4 to 16 fathoms; 3 doubtful records for Buz- zards Bay; no living specimens taken. — Survey. 684 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Area ponderosa — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7536 bis (i shell), 7543 bis(i), 7546 (2 shells)*, 7551 (several shells), 7556 (few shells), 7556 bis (2 shells), 7557 (1 shell), 7562 (1 shell), 7563 (few shells), 7563 bis, 7567 (sev- eral shells), 7568 (few shells), 7574 (few shells), 7576 (several shells), 7577 (several shells), 7579 (2 shells), 7583 (1 small shell), 7592 (1 small shell), 7619 (? few shells), 7620 (? few shells), 7661 (? few shells)*, 7680 (1 small shell), 7701 (several shells), 7703 (2 shells), 7734 (2 shells), 7740 (1 shell), 7771 (1 shell). Verrill has expressed doubt as to whether Area ponderosa lives in this region, since no living specimens have been noted north of Cape Hat- teras. He thought it possible that the shells found at Edgartown might have been washed out from submerged post-Pliocene deposits. Mr. G. M. Gray likewise reports that he has never taken this species alive. Dr. Dali in- forms us, however, that the National Museum contains a fresh valve, retaining the epidermis, taken in Vineyard Sound in 1870; and Mr. C. W. Johnson reports that he has found more than one shell of this species still bearing evi- dent traces of the hinge ligament and epider- mis, on a beach near Chatham Light. Area transversa (Say). Bloody clam. [Chart 132.] Gould, 1870, p. 148; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 691, 309, etc. ( Scapharca transversa). Shells very abundant and generally distributed, both in the Bay and the Sound, being dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms; living specimens compara- tively scarce, taken in 3 to 13 fathoms on vari- ous bottoms. — Survey. This mollusk is abundant in shallower waters than those reached by the dredge. Fish Hawk stations : 7521 (many shells), 7521 bis (2 shells), 7525 bis (few shells), 7526 (few shells), 7528 (few shells), 7531 (many shells), 7532 (1 shell), 7533 (few shells), 7533 bis (2 shells), 7534 (1 shell), 7535 (several shells), 7536 (few shells), 7536 bis (few shells), 7.537 bis (few shells), 7541 (1 shell), 7543 (many shells), 7543 bis (1 large living), 7546 (1 shell), 7546bis(sev- eral shells), 7547 (few shells), 7547 bis (several shells), 7551 bis (1 shell), 7552 bis (few shells), 7553 (1 shell), 7554 (x shell), 7554 bis (few shells), 7556 (few shells), 7556 bis (numerous shells), 7557 (1 shell), 7558 (few shells), 7563 (few shells), 7563 bis (numerous shells), 7565 (2 shells), 7565 bis (few shells), 7566 (few shells)*, 7567 (many shells), 7568 (few shells), 7569 (1 shell), 7569 bis (few shells), 7570 (few shells), 7571 (few shells), 7575 (x shell), 7576 (several shells), 7577 (many shells), 7578 (few), 7579 Area transversa — Continued. (several shells), 7580 (two shells), 7581 (1 small shell), 7582 (few shells), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (few shells), 7585 (several shells), 7588 (1 shell), 7591 (few shells), 7593 (1 shell), 7596 (several shells), 7597 (few shells), 7598 (few shells), 7601 (1 shell), 7610 (several shells), 7611, 7612 (1 living), 7613 (several shells), 7615 (several shells), 7616 (several shells and living), 7618 (several shells'), 7620 (many shells), 7621 (many shells), 7622 (many shells), 7624 (many shells), 7625 (several shells), 7626 (many shells), 7628 (many shells), 7629 (many shells), 7630 (few shells), 7631 (abundant), 7632 (sev- eral), 7633 (many shells), 7634 (many shells), 7635 (many shells), 7636 (several shells), 763S (few shells), 7639 (many shells), 7642 (1 shell), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (several shells), 7645 (several shells), 7646 (few shells), 7647 (few shells), 7648 (many shells), 7649 (few shells), 7651 (many shells), 7652 (1 living and many shells), 7653 (few shells), 7654 (few shells), 7655 (very few shells), 7656 (few shells), 7657 (numerous shells), 7658 (few shells), 7659 (nu- merous shells), 7660 (numerous shells), 7661 (many shells)*, 7663 (many shells), 7664, 7667 (1 shell on Diopatra tube), 7671 (numerous shells), 7672 (few shells), 7674 (several shells), 7675 (numerous shells), 7678 (2 shells), 7679 (several shells), 7680 (several shells), 7682 (1 shell), 7683 (1 shell), 7688 (1 shell), 7694 (few' shells), 7695 (few shells), 7696 (1 shell), 7697 (few shells), 7698 (1 shell), 7699 (1 shell), 7700 (several shells), 7701 (many shells), 7702 (many shells), 7703 (many shells), 7704 (1 shell), 7705 (1 shell), 7706 (2 shells), 7709 (few small shells), 7717 (few shells), 7719 (shells), 7720 (1 shell), 7723 (1 shell), 7724 (1 small living), 7726 (1 shell), 7728 (1 living), 7731 (2 shells), 7734 (sev- eral shells), 7736 (1 shell), 7739 (1 shell), 7740 (several shells), 7741 (1 shell), 7744 (fewshells), 7751 (1 shell), 7752 (several shells), 7753 (1 shell), 7755 (2 shells), 7757 (1 living and 1 shell), 7758 (1 shell), 7760 (1 living and few shells), 7762 (several shells), 7763 (1 shell), 7764, 7766 (several shells), 7767 (1 shell), 7769 (several shells), 7770 (fewshells), 7771 (several shells), 7772 (1 shell), 7776 (1 small shell), 7777 (1 shell), 7778 (1 shell), 7779 (fewshells), 7780 (fewshells), 7782 (1 small shell), 7783 (x shell). Phalarope stations: 1 (few shells), 2 (few small shells), 5 (1 shell), 7 (1 shell), 8 (few), 10 (1), 11 (1), 15 (few shells), 25 (few shells), 27 (1), 28 (1), 29 (fewshells), 30 (1 living), 34 (fewshells), 39 (few shells), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 52 (few living and shells), 53 (few shells), 56 (few'. shells), 58, 59 BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 685 Area transversa — Continued. (few shells), 60 (few small living), 62 few, 65 (several shells), 66 (few), 67 (1 shell), 68 (few shells), 70 (1 shell), 71 (many shells and living), 72 (many living and shells), 74 (few shells), 76 (few shells), 77 (few shells), 79, 80 (several), 81 (common), 82 (common, shells), 83 (several), 84 (very common), 85, 86, 91, 92 (shells), 93 (shells), 95, 96, 97, 101, 102, 107 (many living and shells), 108, no, 113, 114 (few shells), 115 (several shells), 117 (few shells), 120 (shells), 121 (few shells), 122 (few shells), 123 (shells common), 124*, 125 (living and shells), 126 (shells common), 128 (shells common), 129, 130 (shells common), 132 (several), 133 (shells common), 134 (shells common), 137 (several shells), 138 (shells common), 139 (abundant), 140 (few shells), 141 (few shells), 142 (several shells), 143 (1 shell), 144 (shells common), 145 (several shells), 147 (shells common), 148 (shells common), 149 (shells common), 150 (common), 152 (few shells), 154 (several shells), 155 (few shells), 157 (few shells), 158 (few shells), 159 (1 living and several shells), 160 (1 living and several shells), 162 (2 living, several shells), 163 (several shells), 164 (few shells), 165 (several shells), 166 (1 small living, several shells), 167 (many shells). Area campechiensis pexata (Say). Bloody clam. [Chart 133.] Gould, 1870, p. 147 ( Area pexata)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 692, 309, etc. (Argina pexata). Buzzards Bay, chiefly in the shallower parts; shells taken at a few stations in the Sound. — Survey. Dredged at 2 to 25 fathoms, though rarely at depths greater than 6 fathoms; living specimens appear to be restricted to shallow waters, especially where the bottom is more or less muddy. Fish Hawk stations; 7546 bis (1), 7576 (1 shell), 7609 (2 shells), 7617 (many shells), 7620 (sev- eral shells), 7622 (1 living and shells), 7624 (few large shells), 7627 (several shells), 7629 (several shells), 7632 (several), 7633 (several living and shells), 7634 (few living and shells), 7635 (sev- eral shells), 7646 (few shells), 7647 (few shells), 7648 ((few living and shells), 7649 (few shells), 7657 (few shells), 7701 (several shells), 7703 (several shells), 7766 (1 shell). Phalarope stations: 91, 124 (1 shell), 137 (? 1 shell), 138 (shells), 149 (several shells), 150 (1 shell), 154 (several shells), 155 (many shells), 156 (several shells), 157 (few shells), 158 (abundant shells and living), 159 (several shells), 160 (several shells), 165 (1 small living, 1 large shell). Family NuculimJ. Nucula proxima (Say). [Chart 134.] Gould, 1870, p. 150; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 691, 418, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 42. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound in about equal abundance. Living specimens dredged by the Survey in 1 to 17 fathoms, for the most part on bottoms of sand or mud, or mixtures of the two. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few shells), 7522 bis (few), 7523 bis (1), 7524 bis (2), 7525 bis (few shells), 7532 bis (few shells), 7533 (many shells), 7533 bis (few shells), 7535 (few shells), 7536 (several shells), 7537 (shells), 7537 bis (few shells), 7538 bis (several living and shells), 7541 (few shells), 7542 (1 shell), 7543 (few shells), 7543 bis (1 shell), 7545 (few shells), 7547 (few shells), 7547 bis (few shells and liv- ing), 7549 (few shells), 7549 bis (few), 7554 (few shells), 7556 bis (few shells), 7563 bis (few shells), 7565 (2 shells), 7565 bis (1 shell), 7566 (few shells), 7568 (few shells), 7569 bis, 7572 (few shells), 7574 (1 shell), 7575 (1 shell), 7579 (1 shell), 7597 (1 shell), 7610 (shells abundant), 7611 (1 shell), 7612 (several small living), 7614 (several shells), 7617 (few small living), 7621 several living), 7623 (few living), 7624 (few shells), 7626 (many living), 7628 (few living), 7630 (several shells), 7631 (several shells and living), 7633 (few shells), 7635 (few shells and living), 7638 (few shells), 7641 (few small liv- ing), 7642 (few shells), 7643 (few living), 7645 (few shells), 7646 (few shells), 7647 (1), 7649 (few shells), 7651 (few shells), 7654 (living), * 7656, 7657, 7658 (shells), 7659 (many shells), 7660 (many shells), 7661 (very many living), 7662 (few living), 7663, 7668 (few), 7669 (liv- ing), 7671, 7673, 7675 (many shells), 7686 (1 living), 7687 (1 living), 7695 (few shells), 7700 (2 shells), 7701 (several shells), 7702 (1 shell), 7703 (several shells), 7704, 7705 (few shells), 7708 (few shells), 7717 (several shells), 7718 7724 (1 small living), 7726 (few shells), 7727 (1 living and 1 shell), 7730 (1 shell), 7732 (few shells), 7734 (2 shells), 7738 (2 shells), 7741 (1 shell), 7744 (1 shell), 7748 (many shells), 7752 (several shells), 7753 (living and shells), 7755 (2 shells), 7756 (1 shell), 7757 (few shells), 7758 (few shells), 7759 (few shells), 7760 (several living and shells), 7761 (few shells), 7763 (r living), 7764 (several shells), 7766 (few shells), 7767 (many shells, few living), 7769 (many shells), 7770 (few shells), 7771 (several shells), 7772 (few shells), 7775 (1 shell), 7776 (1 living and few shells), 7777 (several shells), 7778 (1 living), 7779 (many shells), 7780 (few shells), 686 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Nucula proximo — Continued. 7781 (few shells), 7783 (1 living and many shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (many shells and 1 living), 2 (few shells), 3 (few shells), 5 (1 shell), 6 (few shells), 7 (few shells), g (1), 11 (several), 13 (1 shell), 15 (1 living), 17 (many living), 18 (many living), 19 (many), 20 (1 living and shells), 26 (1 living), 28 (few), 33 (1 shell), 40 (few shells), 43 (shells), 52 (few), 62 (2), 70 (abundant), 71 (many living), 72 (many living and shells), 73 (1 living), 78 (many living, all sizes), 79 (several living), 80 (few living), 82 (1), 84 ,86, 88 (1 small), 89, 91, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100 (1 living), 104, 107 (few living), 108, no, 116, 117 (few living and shells), 118 (shells common), 119 (several shells), 120 (shells and living), 121 (shells), 122 (few shells and living), 123 (shells), 125 (living and shells), 126 (few living), 127 (many living), 128 (common), 129, 130 (shells), 131 (living and shells), 132 (living and shells common), 133 (several living), 135 (few shells), 139 (few), 140 (1 shell), 141 (living and shells), 144 (few), 145 (living and shells common), 146 (several shells), 147 (living common), 148 (living and shells common), 149 (common), 150 (living), 151 (living), 152 (few living), 153 (living), 154 (1 living), 155 (many living), 156 (several liv- ing), 157 (few living), 158 (few living) 160 (2 shells), 161 (1 shell), 163 (1 shell and fragments) 164 (many living and shells), 165 (few shells and living), 167 (1 living, several shells), Observed breeding from June 20 into August. — G. A. Drew. Nucula proximo ovata Verrill & Bush. Verrill and Bush, 1898. One living specimen taken in Vineyard Sound, off Cuttyhunk, in 18 fathoms (1880). Nucula delphinodonta Mighels. Gould, 1870, p. 153 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 691, 509; Dali, 1889, p. 42. “Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, soft mud.” — Ver- rill. One living specimen taken by the sur- vey at Phalarope station 107* (off Weepecket Rocks, 5 yi fathoms, mud and shells). Family LedidzE. Yoldia limatula (Say). [Chart 135]. Gould, 1870, p. 154 (Yoldia limatula), p. 160 (Y. myalis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 689, 432, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 44; Sumner, 1910, fig- 3. Yoldia limatula — Continued. Living specimens taken throughout Buzzards Bay, to which the local distribution seems to be chiefly restricted; one record each at Me- nemsha Bight, Vineyard Haven and mouth of Vineyard Sound; shells taken at several points in the Sound and at Crab Ledge. — Survey. Living specimens dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, nearly always at depths of less than 10 fathoms, and almost exclusively on bottoms of clear or sandy mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7566 (several shells), 7593 (1 shell), 7601 (several shells), 7602 (few shells), 7609 (1 shell), 7611 (living abundant), 7612 (several living), 7613 (several living), 7614 (few living and shells), 7615 (1 living), 7616 (1 living), 7617 (many shells and living), 7618 (several living), 7619 (several living), 7620 (few living), 7622 (few living), 7623 (many liv- ing and shells), 7624 (many living), 7629 (sev- eral living), 7632 (fragment), 7633 (1 living), 7637 (living and many shells), 7638 (many liv- ing), 7640 (many living and shells), 7641 (many living and shells), 7642 (many living and shells), 7643 (many living and shells), 7644 (many living and shells), 7645 (few living), 7646 (many living and shells), 7647 (few living and shells), 7649 (few living and shells), 7650 (living and shells), 7651 (few living), 7652 (few living), 7653 (few living), 7654 (shells and liv- ing), 7655 (few living and shells), 7656 (1), 7657 (many living), 7658 (living), 7660 (few living), 7661 (many living and shells), 7662 (many liv- ing and shells), 7663 (many shells and living), 766S (1 living), 7669 (many shells), 7673 (many living and shells), 7675 (many living and shells), 7686 (few living and shells), 7688 (1 shell), 7728 (1 shell and 1 living). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 19 (several shells), 20 (1 shell), 52 (1 shell), 53 (1 shell), 72 (few living), 78 (many living), 79 (living com- mon), 83 (few, 1 living), 84 (common), 85 (1 living), 86, 93 (several living), 94, 107 (several living), 113, 115 (1 shell), 119 (living and shells), 122 (few shells), 127 (many living), 128 (few), 133 (1 shell), 140 (1 living), 143 (1 shell), 153 (1 living), 159 (several living and shells), 160 (several living), 161 (many living and shells, very large and small), 162 (several living), 164 (few living and shells), 165 (few living), 166 (many living). Yoldia sapotilla (Gould). Gould, 1870, p. 159 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 689, 509; Dali, 1889, p. 44. ‘‘Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, soft mud; off Buz- zards Bay, 25 fathoms, sand.” — Verrill. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 687 ? Yoldia thracioeformis Storer. Gould, 1870, p. 157; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 690, 509 (Long Island to Greenland). No definite local records, though this region is included within the recorded range of the species. ? Leda tenuisulcata Stimpson. Gould, 1870, p. 161 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 690, 509. Off Newport. — Sanderson Smith. Family SolEnomyim;. Solemya velum Say. [Chart 136.] Gould, 1870, p. 48; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 688, 360, etc. ( Solenomya velum); Dali, 1889, p. 46 ( Solenomya velum). Dartmouth Harbor.— Adams, cited by Gould. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay. — Verrill. Katama Bay. — Osbum. Upper half of Buz- zards Bay, at frequent inshore stations; 2 to 5 fathoms, chiefly on bottoms of mud or muddy sand. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7629 (1 shell), 7631 (1 living), 7669 (1 shell). Phalarope stations: 118 (1 shell), 127 (living young), 129 (1 shell), 130 (1 shell), 133 (1 liv- ing), 139 (1 shell), 147 (1 shell), 151 (1 living), 156 (1 small living), 157 (1 small living), 160 (2 living), 164 (several living). ? Solemya borealis Totten. Gould, 1870, p. 50; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 689 ( Solenomya borealis). Vicinity of Newport. — Totten, cited by Gould. Vineyard Sound, at Cuttyhunk, rare; “may prove to be only the mature state of the pre- ceding,’’ i. e., S. velum. — Verrill. Family Carditidze. V enericardia borealis (Conrad). [Chart 137.] Gould, 1870, p. 146 ( Cardita borealis ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 683, 418, etc. ( Cyclocardia borealis ); Dali, 1889, p. 46; Sumner, 1910, fig- *3- “ Common in the deeper parts of Vineyard Sound near its mouth, and off Gay Head and Buz- zards Bay, 10 to 25 fathoms. ” — Verrill. West- ern end of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, near its mouth, common; shells likewise taken at Crab Ledge ; living specimens dredged in 6 to 19 fathoms, chiefly on sandy bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7561 (1 shell)*, 7562 bis (1 shell), 7563 (1 shell), 7567 (2 shells), 7568 (few shells)*, 7569 (3 shells), 7570 (several 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 10 V enericardia borealis — Continued. shells), 7571 (1 shell), 7572 (several shells), 7576 (few shells), 7577 (several shells), 7578 (several shells, 2 living), 7581 (few shells), 7582 (few shells), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (many shells), 7585 (several living and shells), 7586 ( ? 1 shell), 7587 (1 shell), 7591 (several shells), 7592 (few shells), 7594 (few shells), 7597 (1 liv- ing, several shells), 7598 (many living), 7604 (few shells), 7607 (few shells), 7609 (several shells), 7664, 7665, 7666 (few living and shells), 7671, 7672 (many living and shells), 7673 (nu- merous living and shells), 7674 (few shells), 7678 (2 shells), 7679 (many living and shells), 7680, 7681 (many shells), 7682 (few shells), 7683 (several shells, 1 living), 7686*, 7688 (few fragments), 7694 (few shells), 7698 (few shells), 7699 (few shells), 7700 (many shells), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (many shells), 7703 (few shells), 7704 (few shells), 7706 (few living and shells), 7707 (few shells), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (few shells), 7710 (several small shells), 7717 (few living and shells), 7718 (many shells), 7719 (shells), 7720 (few shells), 7723 (few small shells), 7724 (several small shells), 7725 (few small living), 7726 (few shells), 7727 (several small shells), 7728 (1 small living), 7730 (few shells), 7731 (several shells), 7735 (1 living and 1 shell), 7750 (1 shell). Phalarope stations: 52, 53, 59, 65 (several shells and living), 66 (1), 76 (1 shell), 81 (living and shells), 82 (fewr shells), 94, nr (1 shell), 113, 1 14, (shells common), 115 (shells common). V enericardia borealis novanglioe Morse. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 684, 423, etc. ( Cy- clocardia novanglioe). “Mouth of Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head, 10 to 25 fathoms.” — Verrill. Family Astartid.E. Astarte undata Gould. Chestnut shell. [Chart i38-] Gould, 1870, p. 119 {Astarte sulcata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 684, 508; Dali, 1889, p. 46. “Off Gay Head and Buzzards Bay, and in the deeper parts of Vineyard Sound.” — Verrill. Vineyard Sound, abundant at the western end, though occasionally met with throughout its length; Buzzards Bay, near its mouth; Crab Ledge at several stations. — Survey. Living specimens dredged almost exclusively at depths of 10 fathoms or more, on quite various bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7556 bis, 7558(1 living and 2 shells)*, 7560 (1 small shell)*, 7567 (1 shell), 688 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Astarte undata — Continued. 7574 (i living), 7577 (few shells), 7579 (x living) 7581 ( 1 living), 7582 ( 1 ), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (1 living), 7585 (few living), 7586 (1 living), 7587 (several living), 7591 (1), 7594 (several shells), 7595 (few living), 7596 (2 shells), 7597 (few shells), 7598 (many living), 7599 (1 liv- ing), 7604 (shells and living)*, 7605, 7609 (1 very small living, 2 shells)*, 7656 (several shells), 7661 (few shells), 7664 (many), 7665 (shells and living)*, 7666 (many living and shells)*, 7670 (several living)*, 7672 (many liv- ing and shells), 7673 (several shells), 7674 (many shells)*, 7679 (few small shells), 7681 (few shells), 7682 (several shells), 7687 (1 shell), 7688 (1 living and few shells), 7698*, 7699 (several shells), 7700 (few shells, 1 small living), 7702 (many shells), 7703*, 7706 (2 shells), 7707 (1 living and several shells), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (few small shells)*, 7717 (1 small shell), 7718*, 7719 (2 shells), 7720 (sev- eral living and small shells), 7722 (r shell), 7723 (2 small shells), 7724 (1 small living), 7725 (several small), 7726 (few small shells), 7730 (several shells), 7731 (1 living), 7735 (several small shells), 7741 (1 shell), 7753*. Phalarope stations: 8 (1 shell), 28 (2), 40 (few shells), 43 (shells), 52 (few), 53 (1 shell), 58 (shells), 59 (few shells), 65 (many shells), 78 (several), 79 (few living), 80 (few shells), 81 (few shells,) 82 (common), 112, 113, 114 (shells common), 115 (living and shells common). Verrill speaks of a variety lutea, occurring off Gay Head and Vineyard Sound , along with the ordinary form. Astarte castanea Say. Chestnut shell. [Chart I39-] Gould, 1870, p. 117; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 685, 423, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 46. Abundant throughoxit Vineyard Sound and the lower portion of Buzzards Bay. More gener- ally distributed than A. undata , with which it is often associated. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 19 fathoms, though rarely taken at depths less than 6 fathoms; commonly found upon bottoms free from mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (several shells), 7528 (several shells), 7533 (several), 7533 bis (many shells), 7534 bis (1 shell), 535 (few), 7536 (several), 7536 bis (2 shells), 7537 bis (few shells), 7541 bis (numerous shells), 7543 (sev- eral shells), 7547 (1), 7547 bis (2), 7550 bis (1 shell), 7552 (1), 7552 bis (several small shells), 7555 (2 shells, very small), 7556 bis (? 1 shell), 7560 (1 shell), 7562 (1 shell), 7562 bis (1 shell), Astarte castanea — Continued. 7563 (few shells), 7563 bis, 7564 bis (few shells and 1 small living)*, 7566 (several shells), 7567 (4 shells), 7568 (few shells), 7569 (few shells), 7569 bis (few shells), 7570 (few), 7571 (1 shell), 7572 (many shells), 7575 (few shells), 7576 (many shells), 7578 (many shells), 7579 (few shells), 7580 (several shells), 7583 (1 living, few shells), 7584 (few shells), 7590 (few shells), 7653 (1 living, 1 shell), 7654 (1), 7656 (several shells), 7657 (1 shell), 7662 (few shells), 7665 (shells and living)*, 7666 (many living and shells)*, 7672 (few living and shells), 7674 (very many living and shells)*, 7675 (many living), 7680 (3 shells), 7683 (1 living and few shells)*, 7695 (few shells)*, 7696 (1 living and few shells), 7697 (few shells)*, 7698 (1 shell)*, 7699 (several shells), 7700 (few shells), 7701 (few shells)*, 7702 (few shells), 7703 (several shells), 7704 (many small shells)*, 7705 (few small shells)*, 7706 (many small shells), 7708 (r shell), 7709 (few small shells)*, 7717 (many shells), 7718*, 7719 (1 living and few shells), 7725*, 7726 (few small shells), 7731*, 7734 (2 small shells), 7736 (several shells), 7740 (sev- eral shells), 7744 (1 small living and 1 shell), 7745 (1 small shell), 7751 (1 small shell), 7752 (few shells), 7753 (few shells)*, 7755 (1 shell), 7761 (1 worn shell), 7775 (1 shell), 7779 (1 small shell). Phalarope stations: 25 (few shells), 26, 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 52 (several), 53 (few), 56 (many), 57 (many living), 58, 60 (several shells), 65 (many shells), 66 (few shells), 68 (x shell), 77 (2 shells), 81 (few shells), 82 (few), 83 (few living), 113, 114 (few shells), 159 (1 shell), 167 (1 shell). Astarte quadrans Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 123 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 685, 509. “Mouth of Vineyard Sound, and off Marthas Vineyard, 19 to 25 fathoms, rare.” — Verrill. Crab Ledge, at 20 fathoms; western half of Vineyard Sound, at 5 to 13 fathoms, sandy bottom . — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7556 bis*, 7608 (1 living)*, 7700 (several shells)*, 7701 (several shells). Astarte sp. undetermined. Fish Hawk stations: 7600 (1 shell), 7601 (1 shell). Crassinella mactracea (Gould). [Chart 140.] Gould, 1870, p. 128 (Gouldia mactracea ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 685, 418, etc. ( Gouldia mactracea) . BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 689 Crassinella mactracea — Continued. “Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, especially at Woods Hole.” — Verrill. Abundant and generally distributed throughout the Sound ; in the Bay, chiefly restricted to the inshore sta- tions.— Survey. Living specimens dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, for the most part on bot- toms free from mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 bis (1 shell), 7525 bis (1 living), 7527 (1 shell), 7532 bis (several shells), 7534 (1 shell), 7534 bis (1 shell), 7536 (several shells), 7536 bis (several shells), 7537 bis, 7538 (1 shell), 7538 bis (1 shell), 7542 bis (1 shell), 7543 (1 valve), 7545 bis (several), 7546 bis (shells), 7547 bis (living and many shells), 7549 bis (few), 7550 bis (few shells), 7552 (1 shell), 7552 bis (few shells), 7554 (1 shell), 7554 bis (few shells), 7556 bis (few shells), 7557 (r shell), 7563 bis (fewshells), 7564 bis (1 shell), 7566 (3 shells), 7568 (several shells), 7569 (1 living), 7569 bis, 7572 (1 shell), 7579 ( 1 living), 7595 (1), 7597 (1), 7620 (1 shell), 7621 (many shells), 7626 (many shells), 7628 (many shells and living), 7630 (few shells), 7631 (several), 7634 (few shells), 7635 (few shells), 7637 (fewshells), 7639 (fewshells), 7656 (few living), 7659 (many shells, few living), 7664 (1 living), 7665 (few shells), 7666 (several on Diopatra tubes), 7667 (1 living), 7670, 7671 (many shells), 7672 (many shells), 7673 (1 shell), 7674 (many shells), 7679 (few shells), 7682 (1 shell), 7683 (2 shells), 7688 (1 shell), 7695 (many shells), 7696 (few shells), 7697 (1 living and few shells), 7698 (1 shell), 7699 (few shells'* and living), 7700 (1 living and few shells), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (few shells), 7703 (several shells), 7704 (fewshells), 7705 (fewshells), 7706 (1 living), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (few living and shells), 7718 (1 shell), 7719 (1 living and shells), 7726 (few shells), 7727 (1 shell), 7732 (many shells), 7733 (few shells), 7734 (several shells), 7735 (several shells), 7736 (several shells), 7738 (1 shell), 7739 (several shells), 7741 (several shells), 7744 (few living and shells), 7746 (1 shell), 7748 (few shells), 7752 (1 shell), 7753 (few living and shells), 7754 (1 shell), 7755 (1 shell), 7756 (1 shell), 7757 (1 shell), 7760 (few shells), 7761 (few shells), 7764 (few shells), 7766 (few shells), 7767 (several shells), 7769 (several shells), 7770 (few shells), 7771 (few shells), 7772 (few shells), 7775 (sev- eral shells), 7776 (1 shell), 7777 (few shells), 7778 (few living and many shells), 7779 (many shells), 7780 (few shells), 7781 (many shells and 1 living), 7783 (many living and shells). Crassinella mactracea — Continued . Phalarope stations: 1 (2 shells), 3 (1 shell), 5 (1 shell), 6 (1 shell), 7 (1 living, several shells), 8 (1 living), 10(2), 11 (2), 13 (few), 15 (fewshells), 25 (fewshells), 26 (1 shell), 28 (1), 29 (1 shell), 32 (1 shell), 33 (1 shell), 35 (2 living), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 52 (many living), 53 (few living), 59 (few shells), 60 (few), 62 (1), 64 (1 living), 65 (many shells and living), 66 (common), 69 (1), 74 (1 shell), 77 (few shells), 81 (few shells), 82 (few living and shells), 83 (several living and shells), 86 (living), 91 (many living), 92, 96, 97, 100(1 shell), 101, 102, 106, 107 (few living), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (few), 115 (living and shells common), 117 (few living and shells), 118 (few shells), 120 (1 shell), 121 (several liv- ing), 122 (few shells), 123 (1 shell), 126 (few shells), 128 (fewshells), 129 (1 living), 132 (liv- ing abundant), 133 (living), 134 (few), 135, 137 (1 shell), 140 (1 shell), 141 (few living and shells), 144 (living common), 148 (living com- mon), 152 (1 shell), 167 (few shells). Family Lkptonid/K. Rochfortia planulata (Stimpson). Gould, 1870, p. 83 {Kellia planulata)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 688, 310, etc. ( Kellia planu- lata)', Dali, 1889, p. 48 ( Kellia planulata). New Bedford. — Gould. “Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 1 to 8 fathoms, not common; “also sometimes found under stones at low water.” — Verrill. Montacuta percompressa Dali. Verrill, i882d, p. 371 ( Tellimya ferruginosa)', Verrill, 1884, p. 666 ( Tellimya ferruginosa)', Verrill, 1884a, p. 225 {Tellimya ferruginosa)', Dali, 1889, p. 50 {Tellimya ferruginosa)', Ver- rill and Bush, 1898, p. 784 {Tellimya ferrugi- nosa). Hadley Harbor, “Gut of Canso” and “gutters” of Naushon, in sand and mud below low-water mark.— Verrill. Montacuta bidentata (Montagu). Verrill, i882d, p. 371; 1884; 1884a; Verrill and Bush, 1898, p. 784. Vineyard Sound, 1875. Aligena elevata (Stimpson). Gould, 1870, p. 86 {Montacuta elevata ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 688, 418, etc. {Montacuta elevata)', Dali, 1889, p. 50 {Tellimya elevata)', Verrill and Bush, 1898, p. 784 {Kelliopsis ele- vata). 690 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Aligena elevata — Continued. New Bedford. — Gould. “Gut of Canso,” Nau- slion “gutters” and “Sheep Pen Cove” at low water. — Verrill. Western end of Vineyard Sound, three records at 10 to 14 fathoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7700*, 77x8*, 7726*. Tkyasira trisinuata (d’Orbigny). Verrill, 1872, p. 287 ( Cryptodon obesus ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 687, 509 ( Cryptodon obe- sus); Verrill, 1882 c, p. 569 ( Cryptodon obesus); Dali, 1889, p. 50 ( Cryptodon obesus). Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, mud. — Verrill. Tkyasira gouldii (Phillippi). Gould, 1870, p. 100 {Cryptodon gouldii; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 686, 509 ( Cryptodon gouldii); Dali, 1889, p. 50 ( Cryptodon gouldii). “ Buzzards Bay, 6 fathoms, mud ; ’ ’ also listed for “ muddy bottoms off the open coast. ” — Verrill. Family Lucinid,e. ? Divaricella dentata (Wood).“ Gould, 1870, p. 99 ( Lucina dentata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 686, 418, etc. ( Cyclas dentata); Dali, 1889, p. 50. Nantucket. — Gould. “Not uncommon, dead, but rarely obtained living, in Vineyard Sound, 6 to 14 fathoms.” — Verrill. Divaricella quadrisulcata (d’Orbigny). [Chart 141.] Dali, 1889, p. 50 (Hatteras to Trinidad). Shells dredged by the Survey at scattered stations throughout the length of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, chiefly in waters of less than 8 fathoms (2 to 12), on quite various bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7536 bis (1), 7546 bis (1 shell), 7556 (1 shell)*, 7556 bis (2 shells), 7566 (4 shells), 7577 (1 shell), 7630 (few shells), 7632 (several shells), 7639 (1 fragment), 7730 (1 shell), 7761 (1 fragment), 7769 (1 shell). Phalarope stations: 82 (1 shell), 98, 107 (1 shell), 122 (shells), 136, 137 (1 shell), 142 (2 shells), 144 (1 shell), 152 (1 shell). Phacoides filosus (Stimpson). Gould, 1870, p. 98 ( Lucina filosa; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 686, 509 {Lucina filosa); Dali, 1889, p. 50 {Lucina filosa). “ Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, soft mud.” — Verrill. Off Gay Head (2 stations) and Bay end of Quicks Hole; 8 to 17 fathoms, sand and shells. — Survey. Fish Hawk station 7719 (1 shell); Phalarope sta- tions: 59 (1 shell), 82. (In each case identi- fied by R. C. Osbum). Phacoides sp. Fish Hawk station: 7698 (1 young living)*. Family Cardiid^E. Cardium pinnulatum Conrad. [Chart 142.] Gould, 1870, p. 141 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 683, 423, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 52. Shells almost universally distributed in Buz- zards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Living specimens dredged by the Survey in 4 to 17 fathoms, on quite various bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis, 7532 (1 shell), 7533 bis (several shells), 7535 (1 shell), 7537 bis (1 shell), 7541 (few shells, 1 living), 754r bis (r shell), 7546 bis (several), 7547 bis (few shells), 75S2 (? 1). 7556 bis (few shells), 7558 (few shells), 7562 (1 shell), 7563 bis (few shells), 7S65 (2)> 7568 (1 shell), 7569, 7571 (1 shell), 7577 (few shells), 7578 (many shells, few liv- ing), 7579, 7580 (1 small shell), 7581 (several shells), 7582 (few shells), 7583 (few shells and living), 7585 (1 living), 7591 (1 shell), 7595 (few shells), 7597 (few shells), 7599 (2 shells, 1 living), 7601 (1 shell), 7606 (1 shell), 7610 (abundant shells), 7611, 7612 (many shells), 7613 (many shells), 7614 (many shells), 7616 (several shells), 7618 (many shells), 7619 (sev- eral shells), 7620 (many shells), 7621 (many shells), 7622 (many shells), 7623 (few shells), 7624 (few shells), 7625 (few shells), 7626 (many shells), 7627 (1), 7629 (many shells), 7630 (sev- eral shells), 7633 (few shells), 7634 (few shells), 7636 (several shells), 7637 (many shells), 7638 (few shells), 7639 (few), 7640 (many shells), 7641 (many living and shells), 7642 (few shells), 7643 (many shells), 7644, 7645 (several shells), 7646 (few shells), 7647 (few shells), 7648 (sev- eral shells), 7649 (few shells), 7650 (several shells), 7651 (many shells), 7652 (many living and shells), 7653 (few), 7654 (few shells), 7655 (few shells), 7656 (few shells), 7658 (few shells), 7659 (numerous shells), 7660 (many shells), 7661 (many shells), 7662 (numerous shells), 7663 (shells), 7664 (few shells in Diopatra tubes), 7668 (few shells), 7669 (few shells), 7671, 7672 (few shells), 7673 (shells and few living), 7674 (few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7680(1 living), 7682 (few shells), 7686 (1 shell), 7687 (1 shell), 7688 (living and shells), 7695 (few shells), 7697 (2 shells), 7698 (several shells), 7699 (1 living), 7702 (1 shell), 7704 (several shells), 7706 (1 shell), 7707 (1 shell), 7709 (2 shells), 7710 (2 shells), 7717 (several shells), 7718 (few shells), 7719 (few shells), 7720 (1 liv- a Dr. Dali is now of the belief that this species is not found north of Cape Hatteras. In that case, the records here given doubtless refer to the next species. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 691 Cardium pinnulatum — Continued. ing and 1 shell), 7721 (1 shell), 7723, 7724 (sev- eral living), 7725 (few living), 7726 (few shells), 7727 (several shells), 7728 (few living), 7729 (few living), 7730 (few living and shells), 7731 (few shells), 7734 (1 shell), 7736 (1 shell), 7740 (1 shell), 7741 (1 shell), 7744 (1 shell), 7778 (1 shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (several shells, 1 living), 2 (many shells), 3 (few shells), 5 (1 shell), 6 (2 shells), 7 (several shells), 8 (shells common), 9 (several), n (1), 15 (few), 18, 19 (few shells), 22 (1 shell), 25 (1 small liv- ing), 27 (x shell), 28 (1), 29 (1), 32 (few shells), 34 (1 shell), 35 (1 fragment), 38 (fragments), 40 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 52 (liv- ing common), 53 (many shells), 56 (few), 57 (few), 59 (few), 60 (few shells), 62 (many shells), 65 (many living and shells), 69 (few shells), 74 (1 shell), 77 (few shells), 78 (living common), 79 (many shells and living), 80 (living), 81 (several shells), 83 (several shells), 85, 88 (few), 89 (few), 90, 91, 92 (shells), 93 (shells), 94, 95, 96, 98, 100 (shells), 101, 102, 103, 105 (shells), 107 (many shells), 108, 109, no, 113, ii4(few), 115 (living and shells common), 116, 117 (few shells), 118 (few shells), 119 (1 shell), 120 (1 shell), 121 (shells), 122 (few), 123 (living and shells), 124 (few shells), 126 (few shells), 128 (common), 129, 130 (common), 132 (living and shells), 133 (shells common), 135, 136, 138 (few shells), 139 (several), 140 (few shells), 141 (liv- ing), 143 (few shells), 144 (several), 143 (shells common), 146 (several living), 147 (shells com- mon), 150 (few shells), 160 (1 broken shell), 162 (many shells), 163 (few shells,) 164 (1 shell), 165 (few shells), 166 (several shells), 167 (sev- eral shells). Cardium, ciliatum Fabricius. Crab Ledge at Fish Hawk station 7609 (25 fath- oms, shells and gravel), 2 shells*. Lrzvicardium mortoni Conrad. [Chart 143.] Gould, 1870, p. 143 ( Liocardium mortoni ); Ver- rill and Smith, 1873, P- 683, 358, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 54 ( Liocardium mortoni). Abundant in Buzzards Bay, particularly at in- shore stations; shells taken at scattered sta- tions in Vineyard Sound; living specimens dredged in 2 to 5 fathoms on various bottoms, with or without mud. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7528 (1 shell ), 7566 (1 shell), 7569 bis, 7584 (x shell), 7610 (several shells), 7612 (several), 7613 (2 shells), 7614 (several shells), 7615 (few large, many young living), 7616 (several shells), 7618 (several shells), 7620 Loevicardium mortoni — Continued. (1 living, shells abundant), 7621 (many shells), 7622 (several shells), 7625 (few shells), 7630 (many shells), 7631 (several shells), 7632 (few shells), 7633 (living and shells), 7634 (many shells), 7635 (many shells), 7639 (several shells), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (few shells), 7645 (many shells), 7648 (many shells), 7650 (few shells), 7652 (few shells), 7653 (few shells), 7659 (numerous shells), 7694 (1), 7695 (1 shell), 7702 (r small shell), 7751 (1 shell), 7766 (1 shell), 7769 (1 shell), 7779 (2 shells). Phalarope stations: 2 (1 shell), 8 (few), 9 (1), 42 (few shells), 71 (many living and shells), 72 (several shells), 87, 88 (1 shell), 89, 91, 92, 93 (shells), 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100 (2 shells), 107 (few shells), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (few shells), 117 (several shells), 118 (few shells), 120, 122 (shells common), 123 (few shells), 124 (living and shells), 125 (living), 126 (1 living), 127 (living), 128 (few), 129 (1), 130 (living com- mon), 131, 132 (living common), 133 (living common), 135, 136 (few shells), 137 (fewshells), 138 (shells common), 139, 140 (few shells), 141 (few shells)), 142 (shells common), 144 (living and shells), 143 (living and shells), 146 (several living), 147 (living common), 148 (shells com- mon), 149 (many), 150 (few shells), 151 (few shells), 152 (few shells), 153 (1 shell), 154 (2 shells), 155 (many living and shells), 156 (sev- eral shells), 157 (few shells), 158 (few shells), 160 (2 shells), 162 (few shells), 163 (2 shells), 164 (1 living, several shells). Family VEniliid^E. Cyclas islandica Lamarck. Black quahog. [Chart 144.] Gould, 1870, p. 129 ( Cyprina islandica; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 683, 505 {Cyprina islandica)] Dali, 1889, p. 54 {Cyprina islandica). “Off Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, 19 fathoms, soft mud.” — Verrill. Western end of Vine- yard Sound and mouth of Buzzards Bay, not uncommon. — Survey. Dredged chiefly in waters of 10 fathoms or more, though recorded for 5 fathoms; found on various bottoms, living specimens being apparently more common where some mud is present. Fish Hawk stations: 7581 (1 small shell)*, 7587 (several shells), 7596 (1 valve)*, 7598 (1 living and fewshells), 7601 (1 small living and 1 shell), 7607 (1 living and 1 small shell)*, 7609 (1 small shell)*, 7662 (fewshells), 7663, 7664 (1 living), 7666 (1 living, 1 shell), 7669 (few living and 692 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Cyclas islandica — Continued. shells), 7673 (1 living), 7678 (numerous shells), 7680 (2 shells), 7682 (1 shell), 76S6 (1 shell), 7702 (many shells), 7706 (several large shells), 7709 (1 shell), 7722 (2 small shells), 7730 (1 shell), 7731 (several shells). Phalarope stations: 62 (1), 78 (1 living), 100 (1 living) . Family VenEridtE. Venus mercenaria Linnaeus. Quahog, round clam, hard clam, Little Neck clam. [Chart I45-] Gould, 1S70, p. 133 (Venus mercenaria), p. 135 (Venus notata)-, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 681, 359, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 54. Littoral distribution general throughout the region. Abundant in sand or mud, just below low-tide level, especially in harbors, estuaries, or other sheltered places, where it is also taken at depths of several fathoms. Shells, and occasionally living specimens, dredged by the Survey throughout the length of Buzzards Bay; much less frequent in Vineyard Sound. Shells recorded from depths of 2 to 13 fathoms, most frequently in mixtures of mud and sand; living specimens taken in depths as great as 6 fathoms, though rarely found within the field of the dredging operations. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (few shells), 7564 bis (1 large shell), 7610 (1 shell), 7612 (fewsmall shells), 7613, 7613 (few small shells), 7616 (sev- eral large shells), 7617 (2), 76x8 (1 shell), 7619 (few shells), 7620 (several shells), 7621 (many shells), 7622 (few shells), 7627 (several shells), 7636 (1 young shell), 7639 (several fragments), 7640 (few shells), 7641 (few shells), 7642 (few shells), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (several living and shells), 7645 (1 very small shell), 7646 (few fragments), 7647 (few shells and living), 7648 (several shells), 7649 (1 small shell), 7650 (few shells), 7652 (few small), 7633 (few small shells), 7654 (1 small shell), 7655 (few shells), 7656 (few small shells), 7668 (few small shells), 7672 (few shells), 7674 (several shells), 7675 (1 large living and several small shells), 7679 (1 small shell), 7695 (few small shells), 7730 (1 large shell), 7736 (several fragments), 7760 (1 worn shell), 7762 (several shells), 7772 (very much worn shell), 7778 (several large shells), 7783 (2 large shells). Phalarope stations: 5 (1 large shell), 52 (few shells), 53 (2 shells), 65 (few shells), 68 (1 shell), 71 (shells abundant), 72 (many shells and 1 living), 78 (1 small), 79 (1 small), 80 (few Venus mercenaria — Continued. shells), 81 (many shells), 82 (few shells), 85, 86, 89 (1 shell), 93 (2 shells), 94, 93, 100, xox (shells), 105 (shells), 107 (many living and shells), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (1 shell), 116, 119 (1 small), 124 (shells), 125 (several shells), 127 (shells), 129 (common), 137 (1 shell), 138 (1 young shell), 139, 142 (1 shell), 149 (1), 154 (1 small), 155 (many shells), 136 (few shells, 1 living), 157 (several shells), 162 (2 shells), 163 (1 shell), 164 (few shells), 163 (1 large shell), 166 (1 shell), 167 (many shells). Gemma gemma (Totten.)® Gould, 1870, p. 137; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 682, 359, etc. (Tottenia gemma)\ Dali, 1889, p. 56. Newport Harbor. — Totten, cited by Gould. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, Nantucket. — Verrill. Katama Bay*, West Falmouth Har- bor*. (Osburn and Cole, collectors). Shells found in enormous numbers by Mr. Edwards on beach at Waquoit Bay, February 17, 1909, where they had been washed ashore. Accord- ing to Verrill this species is “peculiar to sandy shores, both above and below low-water mark, and it often occurs in immense numbers on the sandy flats laid bare by the tides. ” Rarely met with in the Survey dredgings, though (shells only ?) were taken on a few occasions, in one case at a depth of 14 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7726*, 7755*, Phalarope sta- tion 19*. Callocardia morrhuana (Linsley). [Chart 146.] Gould, 1870, p. 131 (Cytherea convexa); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 681, 432, etc. (Callista convexa)-, Dali, 1889, p. 56 (Cytherea convexa). Shells taken in abundance throughout Buzzards Bay, and in certain portions of Vineyard Sound; records for the living animals chiefly confined to the Bay. — Survey. Living speci- mens dredged in 2 to 15 fathoms, most fre- quently on bottoms containing mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (1 shell), 7543 (1 shell), 7543 bis (1 shell and fragment), 7546 bis (few shells), 7348 (several shells), 7554 (1 shell), 7555 (1), 7558 (many shells), 7559 (few shells), 7560 (1 shell), 7567 (2 shells)*, 7568 (few shells), 7569 (1 shell), 7571 (1 shell), 7572 (few shells), 7374 (1 shell), 7576 (several shells), 7577 (several shells), 7378 (several shells), 7381 (few shells), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (1 living), 7585 (several shells), 7592 (few small shells), 7594 (several large shells), 7598 (1 shell), 7600 (1 shell), 7602 (few shells), 7610 (1 shell), 7611 a Verrill and Smith, 1873, also list a “Tottenia manhattensis,” which they are not sure is distinct from T. gemma. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 693 Callocardlia morrhuana — Continued. (few living and shells), 7612 (many living and shells), 7613 (many shells), 7615 (1 shell), 7616 (several shells), 7617 (many shells), 7618 (sev- eral shells), 7619 (several shells), 7620 (several shells), 7622 (several shells), 7623 (few frag- ments), 7625 (few shells), 7627 (few), 7629 (1 shell), 7630 (few shells), 7632, 7636 (few shells), 7637 (several shells), 7638 (several shells), 7639 (several shells), 7640 (few shells and living), 7641 (few shells), 7642 (few living and shells), 7643 (shells), 7644 (living and shells), 7645 (many shells), 7646 (few), 7647 (several shells and living), 7648 (several shells), 7649 (few shells), 7650 (many shells), 7651 (several shells), 7652 (few shells), 7653 (few shells), 7654 (many shells), 7655 (few shells), 7656 (few shells), 7657 (many shells), 7658, 7659 (many shells), 7660 (many shells), 7661 (many living and shells), 7662 (many shells), 7663 (few shells), 7664 (numerous shells, few living), 7665 (few shells), 7666 (few shells), 7668 (few shells), 7669 (living and shells), 7670, 7671 (numerous living and shells), 7672 (few shells), 7673 (few shells), 7674 (few shells), 7675 (sev- eral shells), 7678 (many shells), 7679 (shells common), 7680 (few shells), 7681 (several shells), 7682 (several shells), 7685 (ishell), 7686, 7687 (few small shells), 7688 (1 small shell), 7692 (1 shell), 7695 (few small shells), 7698 (sev- eral shells), 7699 (several shells), 7700 (several shells), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (several shells), 7703 (few shells), 7706 (1 shell), 7707 (1 shell), 7708 (1 shell), 7709 (1 shell), 7710*, 7717, (1 shell), 7718 (1 shell), 7719 (several shells), 7722 (1 shell), 7723 (2 shells), 7724 (several shells and small living), 7726 (several shells*, 7728*, 7729 (several small shells), 7730, 7731 (several shells), 773s (2 shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (1 shell), 6 (few shells), 7 (many shells), 9(1 shell), 15 (1 shell), 19 (several shells), 20 (1 small living), 28 (2), 50 (1 small shell), 52 (many shells), 53 (many shells), 55 (1 shell), 61 (x fragment), 65 (1 shell), 68 (few shells), 71 (many), 72 (few living and shells), 74 (2 shells), 76 (few shells), 77 (2), 78 (few), 79 (many shells), 80 (several shells), 81 (many), 82 (few shells), 83 (few), 84 (few shells), 85, 86, 88 (1 living), 89, 90, 92 (shells), 93 (1 living, several shells), 94, 95, 96, 98, 100, 102, 103, 104, 107 (many living and shells), 109, xio, 114 (few shells), 115 (shells common), 117 (1 shell), 118 (living), 119 (few shells), 120 (1 shell), 122 (several shells), 123 (living and shells), 124 (several shells), 125 Callocardia morrhuana — Continued, (several shells), 126 (few shells), 129 (living), 131 (few shells), 133 (1 shell), 138 (few shells), 139, 140, 141 (few shells), 142 (1 small shell), 143 (1 shell), 144 (few small), 151 (1 living), 157 (? 1 shell), 160 (1 young)*, 161 (1 living, several shells)*, 162 ( 1 living, several shells)*, 164(1 living, many shells)*, 165 (many shells)*, 166 (many shells)*. Family Petricoudu;. Petricola pholadiformis Lamarck. [Chart 147.] Gould, 1870, p. 90; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 680, 372, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 58. “Buzzards Bay; Vineyard Sound (Lackeys Bay, etc.),” dwelling particularly on shores of mud or clay. — Verrill. Living specimens dredged only once , near the Sotrnd shore of Cuttyhunk ; shells frequently taken throughout the Sound and lower end of the Bay, in 3 to 17 fathoms, on nearly every sort of bottom. — Survey. Ram Island, Eel Pond. — G. M. Gray. New Bed- ford Harbor, Fort Phoenix. — L. J. Cole. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (2 shells), 7533 bis (1 shell), 7541 (1 shell), 7541 bis (1 shell), 7543 (1 fragment), 7553 (1 shell), 7556 bis (1 shell), 7558 (1 shell), 7563 (1 shell), 7565 bis (1 very small), 7566 (1 fragment), 7567 (several shells), 7568 (1 shell), 7572 (2 shells), 7579 (1 shell), 7596 (2 shells), 7643 (few shells), 7655 (1 small shell), 7656, 7660 (2 shells), 7669 (1 shell), 7675 (1 shell), 7678 (few shells), 7699 (1 young), 7701 (several shells), 7705, 7719 (1 small shell), 7724 (1 shell fragment), 7725 (2 shells), 7729 (1 very small living), 7736 (1 shell), 7744 (1 fragment), 7774 (1 fragment), 7779 (few shells), 7780 (1 fragment). Phalarope stations: 2 (1 shell), 6 (1 fragment), 13, 15 (several shells), 28 (1 shell), 33 (very many living), 52 (2 shells), 53 (1 shell), 60 (1 shell), 66 (1), 71 (1 shell), 82 (several shells), 104, 114 (1 shell), 1 17 (1 shell). Family Psammobiid^. Tagelus gibbus Gray. [Chart 148.] Gould, 1870, p. 43 ( Solecurtus gibbus ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 675, 373, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 58. “Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, not tin- common.” — Verrill. Upper half of Buzzards Bay, for the most part at stations near the shore; not recorded for the Sound; dredged in 2 to 7 fathoms, chiefly on sandy and muddy bottoms; with one exception, shells only. — Survey. 694 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Tagelus gibbus — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7610 (1 shell), 7614 (1 shell), 7620 (1 shell), 7621 (few shells), 7625 (2 shells), 7626 (1 shell), 7630 (few shells), 7632 (1 shell), 7633 (few shells), 7639 (several shells), 7643 (1 shell), 7645 (r shell). Phalarope stations: 109 (1 living), 117 (1 shell), 122 (2 shells), 127 (shells common), 129 (1 small), 130 (2 small), 137 (2 shells), 140 (1 shell), 141 (several shells), 145 (2 shells), 146 (several shells), 147 (several shells), 149 (few shells), 150, 153 (several shells), 154 (1 young). Tagelus divisus (Spengler). Gould, 1870, p. 44 (So lecurtus divisus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 676, 435; Dali, 1889^.58. Buzzards Bay. — Gould. “Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, not common.’’ — Verrill. Family Teu.iniDvK. Tellina tenella Verrill. Verrill, 1872, p. 285 (Angulus modestus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 677 ( Angulus tenellus)', Verrill, 1882 c, p. 568 ( Angulus tenellus)', Dali, 1889, p. 60. Vineyard Sound.— Verrill. Recorded but once by the Survey, at Fish Hawk station 7694*, near the mouth of Vineyard Sound, 12% fath- oms, stony. Tellina tenera Say. [Chart 149.] Gould, 1870, p. 97 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 677, 358, etc. (An- gulus teller ); Dali, 1889, p. 60. Abundant and generally distributed both in Buz- zards Bay and Vineyard Sound; living speci- mens dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on bottoms of sand or mud or mixtures of the two. — Sur- vey. Also occurs on sandy and muddy shores at low-water mark. — Verrill. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (few), 7525 bis (few shells), 7532 bis (few shells), 7533 (2 shells)*, 7533 bis (1 shell), 7542 bis (fairly abundant), 7546 bis (few shells), 7550 bis (1 shell), 7552 bis (few shells), 7554 (few shells), 7554 bis (many shells), 7556 bis (many shells), 7559 (1 shell), 7560 (1 shell), 7562 bis (1 shell), 7563 bis (few shells), 7564 bis (1 shell), 7566 (numerous shells), 7567 (several shells), 7568 (many shells), 7569 (few shells), 7569 bis (few shells), 7570 (2 shells), 7572 (few shells), 7574 (many shells), 7575 (many shells), 7579 (1 shell), 7380 (several shells), 7581 (1 shell), 7584 (few shells), 7586 (1 shell), 7593 (1 shell), 7596 (1 living and shells), 7597 (many shells), 7610 (several shells), 7612 (few shells), 7613 (1 living), 7614 (few shells), 7615 (several shells), 7616 (living and several shells), 7618 (few shells), 7619 (sev- Tellina tenera — Continued. eral living), 7620 (many shells), 7622 (few liv- ing), 7623 (many), 7624 (many living and shells), 7626 (several shells), 7629 (few shells), 7632 (few shells), 7633 (many living and shells), 7634, 7635 (few shells), 7636 (1 shell), 7639 (few shells), 7640 (few shells), 7641 (2 shells), 7643 (few shells), 7645 (many shells and living), 7648 (several shells), 7650 (few shells), 7651 (1), 7652 (1 living), 7653 (few living), 7654 (1 living), 7656, 7664, 7665 (few in Diopatra tubes), 7666 (1 living and several shells), 7667 (1 living and several shells), 7668 (few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7680 (few shells), 7681 (1 living), 7682 (1 living), 7683 (1 shell), 7685 (2 or 3 living), 7686, 7687 (few living and shells), 7688 (few living and shells), 7695 (many shells), 7696 (1 shell), 7698 (1 living and few shells), 7699 (few living), 7700 (few shells), 7701 (many shells), 7702 (1 shell), 7703 (several shells), 7704 (many living and shells), 7705 (few living and shells), 7706 (few shells), 7707 (few shells), 7709 (few shells), 7710 (several shells), 7717 (several shells), 7718, 7719 (shells), 7723 (1 shell), 7725 (few living and shells), 7726 (few shells), 7727 (few shells), 7729 (1 living and shells), 7730 (few living and 1 shell), 7731 (few shells), 7734 (several shells), 7738 (several shells), 7744 (1 shell), 7750 (few shells), 7751 (2 shells), 7755 (1 shell), 7761 (1 shell), 7762 (1 shell), 7766 (1 shell), 7771 (several shells), 7779 (few living and shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (few living and shells), 3 (few shells), 6 (few), 7 (shells), 13, 17, 20 (few shells), 23 (1 shell), 29 (few), 30 (1), 33 (few shells), 34 (few), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 50 (1 shell), 52 (few shells), 53 (many shells), 55 (few shells), 60 (few shells), 61 (several shells), 62 (few), 64 (few shells), 66 (many shells), 67 (many shells), 71 (several shells and living), 72 (few shells), 74 (few shells), 75 (few shells), 76 (few shells), 78 (1 living), 82 (few shells), 85, 89, 90, 91, 92 (shells), 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100 (shell and living), 101 (living and shells), 102, 103, 104, 107 (many living and shells), 108, 109, 118 (few shells), 119 (1 shell), 120 (living), 122 (few), 123 (living and shells), 124 (shells), 123 (living and shells), 126 (living and shells), 127 (living common), 129 (shells), 137 (1 shell), 138 (few shells), 139, 140 (few shells), 142 (sev- eral), 145 (few), 146 (several shells), 151 (living common), 152 (several living and shells), 133 (living), 154 (few living and shells), 155 (few shells), 159 (1 broken shell ?), 160 (2 living), 163 (1 shell), 164 (several living), 165 (few shells), 166 (1 living, many shells). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 695 Macoma tenia Say. [Chart 150.] Gould, 1870, p. 96 ( Tellina tenta); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 678, 429, etc. ( Tellina tenta); Dali, 1889, p. 60. Dartmouth Harbor, New Bedford Harbor. — Adams. “Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay 2 to 10 fathoms, mud, common;” Hadley Har- bor.— Verrill. Survey records, with one ex- ception, confined to Buzzards Bay, where liv- ing specimens were dredged at depths of 3 to 7 fathoms, on bottoms of mud or muddy sand. Fish Hawk stations: 7612 (few shells), 7613 (few shells), 7617 (few shells), 7619 (few shells), 7620 (many shells), 7622 (few shells), 7623 (few living and shells), 7624 (several shells and liv- ing), 7629 (few living and shells), 7638 (few shells), 7640 (few shells), 7641 (few shells), 7643 (several shells), 7645 (few shells), 7646 (many shells and living), 7647 (shells), 7649 (shells common), 7658, 7675 (1 shell), 7727 (several shells). Phalarope stations: 88 (1 shell), 92 (shells), 119 (several living and shells), 120 (living and shells), 125 (1 living ), i27 (living), 143 (several shells), 159 (several shells), 160 (several living and shells), 161 (several living), 162 (few liv- ing), 164 (1), 165 (1 shell), 166 (several shells). Macoma balthica (Linnaeus). Gould, 1870, p. 93 ( Macoma fusca; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 676, 359, etc. (Macoma fragilis and M. fusca.) Wareham River, shallow water at low tide. — Cole. Nonamesset Island, 1 shell. — Osburn. Tisbury Great Pond, perhaps common (sev- eral living specimens collected by Mr. Ed- wards). Not recorded among the shells taken by the dredge. Common, according to Ver- rill, on muddy shores, between tides. Verrill states that two varieties, fusca and fra- gilis, are taken together, which, in this region, grade insensibly into each other. ? Macoma calcarea (Gmelin). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 677 ( Macoma sabu- losa) . No definite local records, though this region is included within range of the species as stated. Family SolLniDv®. Siliqua costata (Gould). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 675, 358, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 70. Vineyard Sound, sandy shores and bottoms. — Verrill. One young specimen (shell or liv- ing ?) recorded by tire Survey from Fish Hawk station 7685*, at mouth of Vineyard Sound, in 17 fathoms. Ensis directus Conrad. Razor clam, razor shell, razor fish. [Chart 15 1.] Gould, 1870, p. 40 ( Solen ensis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 674, 356, etc. (Ensatella americana); Dali, 1889, p. 72 (Ensis americana); Mead, 1898 (Solen ensis). Shells abundant throughout both Sound and Bay, in 2 to 19 fathoms, on bottoms of every kind; living specimens abundant in the Bay, in 2 to 8 fathoms, chiefly on bottoms of muddy sand and sandy mud, scarcely ever dredged in the Sound. — Survey. This species is also lit- toral and adlittoral in its habitat, forming deep burrows in the sand. Large living specimens reported by Osburn in a sand flat near entrance of Lagoon Pond ; probably common in all sim- ilar localities. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (2 shells), 7521 bis (few fragments), 7225 bis (few shells), 7527 (several shells), 7528 (few shells), 7529 (1 shell), 7531 (1 shell), 7532 (few shells), 7532 bis (few shells), 7533 (several shells), 7533 bis (several shells), 7534 (1 shell), 7534 bis (few shells), 7535 (few shells), 7536 (several shells), 7536 bis (fragments), 7537 (many shells), 7538 (shells), 7538 bis (few shells), 7541 (few shells), 7543 (many shells), 7544 (few shells), 7545 (few shells), 7546 bis (many fragments), 7547 (few shells), 7547 bis (many shells), 7549 (many shells), 7549 bis (few shells), 7550 (shells), 7551 (few shells), 7551 bis (few shells), 7552 bis (1 shell), 7553 bis (1 shell), 7554 (few shells), 7554 bis (few shells), 7556 bis (few shells), 7558 (1 shell), 7563 (few shells), 7563 bis (few fragments), 7565 bis (few fragments), 7566 (few shells), 7567 (1 shell), 7568 (few shells), 7569 bis (few fragments), 7570 (1 shell), 7571 (1 shell), 7572 (fewshells),7574(fewshells), 7576 (1 shell), 7577 (several shells), 7591 (1 shell), 7595 (1 shell), 7598 (1 shell), 7612 (shell and fragments), 7613 (several shells, 1 living), 7614 (fragments), 76x5 (few, manyyoung), 7616 (several fragments), 7619 (few shells), 7620 (shells abundant), 7621 (few shells), 7622 (few shells), 7624 (few young and living), 7625 (many shells and living), 7626 (few shells), 7627 (few), 7629 (shells and small living), 7630 (few frag- ments), 7631 (1 fragment), 7632 (several shells), 7633 (many living and shells), 7634 (many liv- ing), 7635 (shells and fragments), 7636 (few frag- ments), 7637 ( 1 small living), 7639 (several shells and fragments), 7640 (few living and shells), 7643 (few young living, fragments and shells), 7644 (small living and many fragments), 764;; (many shells and living), 7646 (many small liv- ing and shells), 7647 (few shells, small living). 696 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Ensis directus — Continued. 7648 (many shells), 7650 (many young living), 7652 (numerous small living), 7653 (few small living), 7653 (few small living), 7656 (few shells), 7659 (few shells), 7668 (few small living), 7670 (few shells), 7674 (few living and shells), 7675 (many shells and living), 7679 (1 shell), 7681 (1 small shell and fragment), 7699 (1 frag ment), 7700 (1 shell), 7703, 7706 (several shells), 7708 (several shells), 7717 (fragments), 7721 (fragments), 7724 (1 shell), 7726 (several fragments), 7730 (1 shell), 7731 (several shells), 7738 (1 shell), 7740 (1 fragment), 7744 (1 frag- ment), 7748 (several fragments), 7752 (several fragments), 7755 (few fragments), 7756 (frag- ments), 7760 (fragments), 7761 (few shells), 7762 (several shells), 7764 (fragments), 7766 (many shells and fragments), 7767 (few frag- ments), 7768 (1 fragment), 7769 (many frag- ments and shells), 7770 (several shells), 7771 (several shells), 7772 (several shells), 7773 (several shells), 7774 (few shells), 7775 (sev- eral shells), 7776 (several shells), 7777 (many shells and fragments), 7778 (many shells), 7780 (few shells), 7781 (few shells), 7782 (fewshells), 7783 (many fragments). Phalarope stations: 1 (1 shell), 2 (few shells), 3 (many shells, 1 living), 4 (few shells), 5 (several shells), 6 (few shells), 7 (few shells), 8 (few shells), 9 (1 shell), n (1), 13 (1 fragment), 14 (1), 13 (fewshells), 17 (1 fragment), 19 (1 young living), 24(1 shell), 28 (fragments), 29 (1 shell), 43 (shells), 52 (small living), 53 (1 small), 58, 62 (few), 65 (several shells), 66 (several shells), 68 (few shells), 71 (few shells), 72 (several shells), 73 (1 shell), 74 (few shells), 75 (few shells), 76 (few shells), 77 (few shells), 78 (1 shell), 79 (few shells), 80 (1 fragment), 81 (few shells), 82 (few shells), 83 (shells), 85, 88 (1 shell), 89, 90, 91, 92 (shells), 94, 93, 98, 99 (shells), 100 (1 shell), 101, 102, 103, 106, 107 (living and shells), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (few shells), 113 (1 shell), 117 (fewshells), 118 (sev- eral), 122 (few shells), 123 (shells), 124 (shells), 125 (several shells), 126 (shells), 127 (1 shell), 128 (several shells), 129 (shells), 130 (several shells), 13 1 (common), 132 (few shells), 133 (shells), 134 (1 shell), 135 (1 shell), 136, 137 (few), 138 (shell), 139 (many fragments), 140 (shells), 142 (several shells), 144 (shells com- mon), 145 (few shells), 146 (several shells), 148 (several shells), 149 (many shells), 150 (shells common), 151, 152 (few shells), 153 (1 shell), 134 (many shells and living), 135 (few shells), 156 (1 shell), 15S (few shells), 160 (2 shells), Ensis directus — Continued. 162 (1 shell), 163 (1 small living), 164 (several shells and small living), 165 (several shells), 167 (many shells). A. D. Mead (“Biological Notes,” No. 1) reports the taking of a large number of young, measur- ing from 1 to 10 mm. long, in tow at Wickford, R. I., June 20, 1899. For a good description of habits see Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 356-357. Family SemelimS. Cuniingia tellinoides Conrad. [Chart 152.] Gould, 1870, p. 79; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 679, 374, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 62. Shells common in Vineyard Sound, particularly in the eastern half; in the Bay, common at the inshore stations; dredged in from 2 to 15 fath- oms, chiefly at depths of 10 fathoms or less, on quite various bottoms; living specimens rarely taken at these depths. — Survey. Found by Osbum at the head of Lagoon Pond, living in 6 feet of water, and doubtless common in the shallower waters generally. It is possible that most of the shells scattered throughout Vine- yard Sound have been carried thither by currents. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (3, 1 living), 7525 bis, 7527 (few), 7528 (few), 7532 (2 shells), 7332 bis (few shells), 7533 (few), 7533 bis (several shells), 7536 bis (1 shell), 7537 (3, 2 in Diopatra tube), 7538 (several, 2 in Diopatra tube), 7538 bis (several), 7543 (4 shells), 7544 (few shells), 7347 bis (few living), 7554 (1 shell), 7334 bis (1 shell), 7563 bis (few shells), 7566 (1 shell), 7568 (few shells), 7569 bis (1 shell), 7384 (1 shell), 7610 (several shells), 7611 (1 shell), 7614 (several shells), 7631 (1 small), 7639 (1 shell), 7643 (several shells), 7659 (many shells), few living), 7673 (few shells), 7694 (several shells), 7695 (1 shell), 7703 (2 shells), 7732 (2 shells), 7744 (1 shell), 7746 (1 fragment), 7751 (1 shell), 7732 (2 shells), 7753 (several shells), 7753 (sev- eral shells), 7738 (1 shell), 7759 (1 shell), 7760 (1 shell), 7767 (1 fragment), 7769 (several shells), 7771 (several shells), 7776 (1 shell), 7777 (1 shell), 7779 (1 small shell), 7780 (1 small shell), 7781 (1 shell), 7782 (1 shell). Phalarope stations: 1 (fewshells), 2 (fewshells), 3 (few shells), 4 (2), 5 (few shells), 6 (several shells), 7 (few shells), 8 (shells common), 9 (1 shell), 11 (1), 13 (few shells), 16 (1 shell), 26 (1 living), 28 (1), 32 (1 shell), 34 (1 shell), 43 (shells), 52 (fewshells), 62 (1), 63 (2 shells), 71 (1 shell), 72 (few shells), 77 (1 shell), 7S (1 shell), 83 (2 shells), 86, 88 (1 shell), 89, 91, 92, BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 697 Cumingia tellinoides — Continued. 94 (1 shell), 95, 96, 97, 98, 101, 108, no, 113, 116, 117 (many shells), 118 (few shells), 119 (1 shell), 120 (1 shell), 121 (several shells), 122 (shells common), 123 (shells), 128 (few shells), 130 (few shells), 13 1 (shells), 133 (few shells), 134 (shells common), 135, 137 (x shell), 141 (common), 142 (several shells), 144, 146 (1 shell), 147 (few shells), 150, 167 (1 shell). Observed in act of depositing eggs in latter part of July and early August; probably breeds all summer. — G. A. Drew. Family Mactrid^E. Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn). Surf clam, sea clam. [Chart 153.] Gould, 1870, p. 73 ( Mactra solidissima ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 680, 358, etc. ( Mactra solidissima)', Dali, 1889, p. 62 ( Mactra solidis- sima). Abundant throughout the Sound, and common at the inshore stations and lower end of the Bay; almost wholly absent from the deeper waters of the latter ; recorded from Crab Ledge ; living specimens dredged in 1 to 19 fathoms, predominantly on bottoms free from mud; shells more generally distributed. — Survey. The living specimens taken during the Survey dredging were all or nearly all small; shells of large size were frequently taken, however. Mr. Gray reports that half-grown living speci- mens are to be found on Devils Foot Island, and at Falmouth Heights, no full-grown speci- mens having been taken by him in this region. According to Verrill, “its proper home is on sandy bottoms in shallow water, just beyond low- water mark and down to the depth of 4 or 5 fathoms. ” Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (many large and small shells), 7521 bis (several living), 7525 bis (few shells), 7526 (2 shells), 7528 (fewr shells), 7529 (1 shell), 7531 (few shells), 7531 bis (1 shell), 7532 (several shells), 7532 bis (many shells), 7533 (many shells), 7333 bis (several shells), 7535 (several shells), 7536 bis (several shells and living), 7537 (several shells), 7538 (several shells), 7541 bis (many shells), 7542 (few shells), 7542 bis (several shells), 7543 (numer- ous shells), 7543 bis (several shells), 7544 (many shells), 7546 (several shells), 7546 bis (few shells), 7547 bis (few' shells), 7548 (few shells), 7549 (few shells), 7549 bis (few shells), 7550 (few shells), 7550 bis (few shells), 7551 (few shells), 7551 bis (? x fragment), 7552 bis (few shells), 7553 (1 shell), 7554 (many shells), Sp isu la so lidissim a — Continued . 7554 bis (many shells), 7556 (few shells), 7556 bis (many shells), 7557 (few7 shells), 7558 (many shells), 7560 (1 shell), 7561 (few shells), 7562 (1 shell), 7563 (many shells), 7563 bis (few shells and small living), 7564 (few), 7564 bis (few shells), 7565 (few), 7565 bis (few shells), 7566 (many shells, 1 very small living), 7567 (few small), 7568 (1 living and many shells), 7569 (1 shell), 7570 (few shells), 7572 (many shells), 7574 (few shells), 7575 (several shells), 7576 (few shells), 7578 (few shells), 7579 (few shells), 7580 (few small shells), 7581 (shells), 7583 (1 shell), 7584 (few shells), 7585 (1 living), 7587 (1 living and 1 shell), 7588 (1 shell), 7589 (1 shell), 7591 (many small shells), 7592 (few shells), 7593 (few' shells), 7595 (1), 7596 (2 small living), 7597 (few shells), 7598 (few small living and shells), 7601 (few/ shells and 1 living), 7604 (1 broken shell), 7606 (1 fragment), 7607 (1 liv- ing), 7609 (several shells), 7610 (1 fragment), 7614 (1 fragment), 7615 (1 fragment), 7630 (few shells), 7636 (few shells), 7639 (few shells), 7643 (shells), 7659 (many small shells), 7664 (fewshellson Diopatra tubes), 7666 (fewshells), 7667 (few small shells), 7671 (few shells), 7672 (few shells), 7674 (living and shells), 7675 (sev- eral shells), 7678 (few small shells), 7679 (sev- eral shell fragments), 7680 (few shells), 7681 (several shells), 7682 (1 living and small shells), 7683 (2 large shells), 7687 (1 small shell), 7689 (1 shell), 7695 (few shells), 7696 (few shells), 7697 (few shells), 7698 (few small shells), 7699 (several very large and small shells and 1 living), 7700 (several large and small shells and 1 living), 7701 (few large and small shells), 7702 (several small shells), 7703, 7704 (1 large and few small), 7705 (few small living and shells), 7706 (few shells), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (1 large and few shells), 7717 (few shells and fragments), 7718 (few shells), 7719 (many shells and 1 small living), 7720 (1 shell), 7721 (1), 7722 (1 fragment), 7723 (1,) 7724 (1 shell), 7725 (few small living and shells), 7726 (many small shells), 7727 (many small shells), 7728 (1 small shell), 7729 (2 small shells), 7730 (several shells), 7731 (fewsmall shells), 7732 (1 small living), 7734 (few medium and small shells), 7735 (several shells), 7736 (1 small liv- ing and 1 shell), 7739 (1 large and several small), 7740 (few shells), 7750 (1 small shell), 7751 (few shells), 7752 (few shells), 7753 (few shells), 7754 (1 small shell), 7755 (few shells), 7764 (several shells), 7765 (very many large shells), 7769 (many large shells), 7771 (1 living bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 698 Spisula solidissima — Continued. and few shells), 7772 (many shells), 7774 (few large and medium shells), 7775 (few shells), 7776 (many large and medium shells), 7777 (many shells), 7778 (many shells), 7779 (many shells), 7780 (1 living and many shells), 7781 (many shells), 7782 (many large and small shells), 7783 (many large and small shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (several shells), 2 (many shells), 3 (many shells), 4 (several shells), 6 (few shells), 7(1 shell), 9 (1), 10 (1 shell), 13, 15 (few shells), 25 (2 shells), 28 (1), 32 (1 shell), 33 (2 small), 34 (few), 37 (1 shell), 38 ( 1 living), 39 (few dead), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 51 (several living), 52 (many shells), 55 (few shells), 57 (1), 60 (few small shells), 61 (several shells), 62 (several shells), 65 (1 shell), 66 (many small shells), 67 (few shells), 68 (several shells), 69 (1 shell), 71 few shells), 72 (few shells), 76 (few shells), 81, 82 (shells), 89, 90, 91, 93 (1 shell), 95, 99 (shells), 100 (shells), 101, 102, 103, 105 (living), 106, 107 (few shells), 109, no, m (shells), 113, 115(1 shell), 1 18 (several shells), 120 (living and shells), 122 (1 shell), 123 (shells), 135 (1 shell), 137 (1 shell), 142 (1), 167 (shells abun- dant). Mulinia lateralis (Say). [Chart 154.] Gould, 1870, p. 77 ( Mactra lateralis ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 680, 373, etc. ; Dali, 1889, p. 62 {Mactra lateralis). Living animals abundant throughout Buzzards Bay, in 4 to 9 fathoms, nearly always in mud or mixtures of mud and sand ; shells occasion- ally taken at the western end of Vineyard Sound. — Survey. Mr. Edwards found this species living in great abundance at Tisbury Great Pond. Fish Hawk stations: 7597 (shells), 7611 (many living and shells), 7612 (many living and shells), 7613 (many living and shells), 7614 (several living and shells), 7617 (several shells and living), 7618 (several shells and living), 7619 (several living and shells), 7620 (few liv- ing), 7621 (few living), 7622 (few living and shells), 7623 (living), 7624 (few shells), 7629 (few shells), 7630 (many small shells), 7631 (many shells), 7632 (few shells), 7636 (few shells), 7637 (many living and shells), 7638 (several shells), 7640 (several shells), 7641 (very many living and shells), 7642 (many liv- ing and shells), 7644 (several living and shells), 7645 (few shells), 7646 (few shells), 7647 (few shells), 7649 (shells common), 7650 (numer- ous shells), 7651 (few shells), 7652 (few shells), 7653 (few shells), 7654 (many shells), 7655 Mulinia lateralis — Continued. (few shells), 7657 (many living and shells), 7658 (living and shells), 7659 (numerous shells), 7660 (many shells), 7661 (many shells), 7662 (few shells), 7663, 7668 (several shells), 7669 (many shells), 7673 (few shells), 7674 (few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7680 (1 shell), 7681 ( 1 small shell), 7696 (few shells), 7697 (1 shell)*, 7700 (shells), 7701 (2 shells), 7703 (1 shell), 7704 (2 shells), 7706 (1 shell), 7726. Phalarope stations: 43 (shells), 52 (few shells), 80 (few shells), 81 (few), 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 (sev- eral living), 94, 95, 96, 98, 106, 107 (many liv- ing and shells), 108, 109, no, 115 (several shells), 124 (1 living and shells), 136, 141 (1 shell), 143 (shells common), 154 (2 shells), 159 (few living and many shells), 160 (many shells), 161 (many shells), 162 (few), 163 (several shells), 164 (few shells), 165 (many shells), 166 (several shells). Verrill states that this species constitutes an important item of the food of the scup and some other fishes. Family Mesodesmatidas. Mesodesma ar datum Conrad. Gould, 1870, p. 80 ( Ceronia arctata)] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 679, 426, etc. {Ceronia arctata). Nantucket, rare. — Gould. Family Thraciid/E. Thracia conradi Couthouy. [Chart 155.] Gould, 1870, p. 69; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 673, 426, etc.; Dali, 1889^.64. Buzzards Bay. — Gould. Vineyard Sound.— Verrill. Shells dredged at the western end of Vineyard Sound and one station near the mouth of Buzzards Bay; 6 to 19 fathoms, on sandy bottoms; no living specimens re- corded.— Survey. According to Verrill, this mollusk buries itself 6 inches or more beneath the surface of the sand. Fish Hawk stations: 7594 (2 shells)*, 7678 (1 broken shell), 7679(1 fragment), 7681 (2 shells), 7682 (2 shells), 7702 (1 shell), 7706 (1 shell), 7708 (1 shell), 7724 (several large shells). Phalarope station 80 (1 shell). Thracia septentrionalis Jeffreys. Gould, 1870, p. 72 {Thracia truncata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 674, 509, etc. {Thracia trun- cata; not listed specifically for this region.) Off Marthas Vineyard. — Agassiz, cited by Gould. Crab Ledge and the western end of Vineyard Sound; 6 to 19 fathoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7604 (2 broken shells)*, 7605 (1 living)*, 7679 (1 shell), 7706*. Phalarope station 65 (1 shell). BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 699 Family Periplomatid^e. Periploma papyracea Verrill. Gould, 1870, p. 66 ( Anatina papyracea)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 673, 309, etc. Newport. — Gould, after Totten. “Muddy bot- toms off the open coast.” — Verrill. Menem- sha Bight, at Fish Hawk station 7728*, 8 fath- oms, sticky mud. — Survey. Periploma sp. Vineyard Sound, near Menemsha Bight (Fish Hawk station 7724)*. Cochlodesma leanum Couthouy. [Chart 156.] Gould, 1870, p. 68; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 673, 418, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 64. About Nantucket. — Gould. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Shells taken throughout Vineyard Sound and at numerous inshore stations of Buzzards Bay; at 2 to 19 fathoms, chiefly at depths less than 8 fathoms; recorded princi- pally for bottoms of sand and gravel; taken once at Crab Ledge ; living specimens recorded only twice in the dredgings. — Survey. Vine- yard Haven, on sand flats near bridge, liv- ing.— Osbum. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (2 shells), 7542 bis (several shells), 7549 bis (? 2 fragments), 7556 bis (1 shell), 7362 bis (1 shell), 7563 bis (1 shell), 7595 (3 shells)*, 7597 (2 shells), 7604 (1 shell), 7694*, 7695 (2 shells), 7700 (several shells), 7701 (several shells), 7702 (several shells), 7706, 7739 (1 shell), 7745 (1 fragment), 7752 (1 shell), 7760 (1 shell), 7761 (1 shell), 7764 (1 fragment), 7766 (x shell), 7769 (several shells), 7770 (few shells), 7771 (several shells), 7774 (1 shell), 7777 (1 shell), 7778 (1 shell), 7779 (few shells), 7780 (x shell), 7782 (several shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 4 ’(several shells), 8 (several), 9 (2 shells), 22 (2), 30 (1 living), 37 (few shells), 38 (few shells), 52 (abundant), 61 (1), 64 (few living and shells), 65 (several shells), 66 (many shells), 67 (sev- eral shells), 68 (several shells), 83 (1 shell), 99, 100 (1 shell), 101, 102, 108, 109, 113 (1 shell), 118 (few shells), 130 (2 shells), 135, 141 (few shells), 142 (few), 152 (1 shell). Family LyonsiiDjE. Lyonsia hyalina Conrad. [Chart 157.] Gould, 1870, p. 64 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 672, 338, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 64. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. More common in the Bay than in the Sound, Lyonsia hyalina — Continued. and in both chiefly restricted to inshore sta- tions.— Survey. Dredged in from 2 to 1 7 fath- oms, principally at depths of less than 8 fath- oms, on various kinds of bottoms, including muddy ones; chiefly living specimens taken. Fish Hawk stations: ,7532 (1 living), 7611 (1 liv- ing), 7614 (several living), 7616 (few shells), 1 living), 7618 (1 living), 7620 (1 living), 7625 (1 small living), 7626 (1 living), 7629 (1 living), 7630 (1 small living), 7668 (1 shell), 7685 (2 shells), 7686 (1 shell), 7687 (numerous shells and living), 7688 (1 shell), 7720, 7724 (1 shell), 7725 (few shells), 7726 (1), 7728 (fragment), 7729 (several living), 7730 (3 shells), 7750 (x shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (2 shells), 7 (r living and 1 shell), 9 (several living), 15 (few), 19 (few living), 20 (1 shell), 52 (1 living), 60 (1 living), 64 (several living), 78 (several living), 79 (shells), 81, 86, 91, 95, 96, 98, 100 (r living), 101, 102, 105 (living), 111 (living), 113, 114 (1 living), 116, 117 (2 living), 118 (few liv- ing), 122 (few living), 128 (living common), 129 (living), 130 (common, living and shells), 135 (few living), 138 (several living), 140 (sev- eral), 141 (few living), 146 (1 living), 147 (few living and shells), 159 (1 living), 160 (r living, 1 shell), 164 (several living). Family Pandorid^E. Clidiophora gouldiana Dali. [Chart 138.] Gould, 1870, p. 62 ( Pandora trilineata)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 673, 418, etc. ( Clidiophora trilineata ); Dali, 1889, p. 68. Living specimens and shells abundant and of general distribution, both in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, this being one of the com- monest mollusks of the region; shells recorded from one station at Crab Ledge. — Survey. Living specimens dredged in 3 to 19 fathoms, predominantly on bottoms of sand or mud or mixtures of the two; less commonly found among stones and gravel . Fish Hawk stations: 7525 (1 shell), 7527 (x shell), 7532 bis (2), 7533 bis (several shells), 7534 (1 shell), 7335 (several shells), 7536 (1 shell), 7537 (2 shells), 7537 bis (few shells), 7538 (2 shells), 7538 bis (1 shell), 7539 (2 shells), 7541 (2 shells, 1 living), 7541 bis (few shells), 7542 bis (few shells), 7543 (few shells, 1 living), 7544 (1 liv- ing). 7545 (r shell), 7547 (1 shell), 7547 bis (1 shell), 7549 (2 living), 7549 bis (1 shell), 7551 (2 shells), 7351 bis (few shells), 7553 bis (1 shell), 7354 (few shells), 7556 (1 shell), 7558 700 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Clidio phora gouldiana — Continued. (few shells), 7563 (1 shell), 7563 bis (fewshells), 7565 bis (1 living), 7571 (few shells), 7574 (2 shells), 757s (several shells), 7576 (several liv- ing and shells), 7578 (1), 7579 (fewshells), 7582 (few shells), 7584 (few living and shells), 7585 (several), 7591 (1 shell), 7595 (1 shell), 7597 (2 shells), 7598 (several shells), 7601 (1), 7605, 7610 (1 shell), 7611 (few living), 7612 (several), 7613 (several living), 7614 (1 shell), 7616 (1 small), 7617 (several living), 7618 (few shells^ 7619, 7621 (fewshells), 7622 (living), 7623 (few living), 7624 (1 small), 7626 (1 living), 7630 (2 living), 7633 (few living), 7636 (few shells), 7637 (several shells), 7638 (several shells), 7639 (few shells), 7640 (few shells), 7641 (many liv- ing), 7642 (many living), 7643 (several living and shells), 7644 (several living and shells), 7645, 7646 (few), 7647 (1 shell), 7648 (few shells), 7649 (few living and shells), 7650 (few), 7652 (1 shell), 7653 (few shells), 7654 (living and shells), 7655 (few living and shells), 7656 (few), 7657 (many living), 7658 (few' living and shells), 7659 (few' shells), 7660 (few' shells), 7661 (numerous living and shells), 7662 (nu- merous living and shells), 7663 (shells and liv- ing), 7664 (few' shells), 7665 (few living and shells), 7668 (few living), 7669 (many shells and living), 7671 (several shells), 7672 (few shells), 7673 (numerous living), 7674 (few liv- ing and shells), 7675 (few), 7678 (few shells), 7679 (1 shell), 7680 (fewshells), 7681 (1 living), 7682 (few shells), 7683 (few' living and shells), 7685 (several living), 7686 (1 small living), 7687 (1 living), 7688 (several living), 7694 (1 shell), 7697 (few living and shells), 7698 (1 living and few' shells), 7699 (1 living and 1 shell), 7700 (several shells), 7701 (fewshells), 7702 (several shells), 7703 (several shells and living), 7704 (1 living), 7706 (1 shell), 7708 (2 shells), 7709 (1 living and few shells), 7710 (1 shell), 7717 (several shells), 7719 (few living and shells), 7720 (few' shells), 7724 (few living and shells), 7725 (few living), 7726 (few shells), 7727 (1 small living), 7728 (few shells and living), 7729 (several living), 7730 (1 living and 1 shell), 773 1 (few' living and shells), 7734 (1 shell), 7739 (few' large shells), 7741 (few shells), 7742 (1 small living), 7751 (1 living and 1 shell), 7753 (1 shell), 7755 (1 shell), 7760 (1 shell), 7761 (few shells), 7766 (several shells), 7772 (1 shell), 7777 (1 shell), 7779 (several shells), 7781 (few' shells), 7783 (1 living and few' shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (several shells), 2, 3 (many shells), 5 (few7 living and shells), 6 (few shells), 7 (several shells), 8 (few), Clidio phora gouldiana — Continued. 9 (1), 12 (1), 13 (1), 14 (few shells), 15 (few shells), 22 (1), 29 (x), 32 (1 shell), 34 (1), 52 (many shells), 53 (many), 60 (few shells), 62 (1), 64 (2 living), 65 (few shells), 68 (1 living), 69 (1 shell), 71(1 shell), 72 (few living), 74 (few shells), 76 (fewshells), 78 (living), 79 (few liv- ing), 8o(shell), 81 (several living and shells), 82 (common), 83 (1 living), 84, 85, 86, 88 (several living), 89 (living), 90, 91, 92 (living), 93 (1 shell), 95, 96, 98, 100 (shells), 102, 103, 107 (many living), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (living common), 115 (living common), 116, 118 (sev- eral living and shells), 119 (few living), 120 (living), 121 (several living), 122 (few), 123 (few shells), 124 (shells and 1 living), 126 (few shells), 128 (few shells and living), 132 (few liv- ing and shells), 135, 140 (few' living), 141 (few shells), 143, 144 (few living and shells), 145 (few living and shells), 146 (1), 149 (living and shells), 150 (living), 151 (few' shells), 152 (few living and shells), 153 (few shells), 154 (2 shells), 157 (1 shell), 159 (2 shells), 160 (2 shells), 162 (several shells), 164 (few shells), 166 (i«shell), 167 (1 shell). Family Corbulid^B. Corbula contracta Say. [Chart 159.] Gould, 1870, p. 60; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 672, 418, etc.; Verrill, i882d, p. 371; 1884; Dali, 1889, p. 70. Shells taken abundantly throughout Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay, mainly restricted to stations not far from land; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on all sorts of bottoms; living speci- mens comparatively infrequent, though re- corded from both the Bay and the Sound at 4 to 13 fathoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (several shells), 7532 (2 shells), 7533 (1 shell), 7536 bis, 7539 (1 shell), 7545 bis (1 shell), 7547 bis (fewshells), 7550 bis (few shells), 7551 bis (few' shells), 7552 bis, 7554 bis (numerous living and shells), 75^5 (1 shell), 7556 bis (1 shell), 7563 bis (fewshells), 7564 bis (numerous living and shells), 7566 (x shell), ^ 7570 (1 shell), 7571 (1 shell), 7578 (1 shell), 7598 (1 living, 1 shell), 7610 (several shells), 7614 (few shells), 7630 (several), 7635 (fewshells), 7637 (fewshellson Diopatra tubes), 7644 (2 shells), 7659 (few shells and living), 7664 (shells on Diopatra tubes) , 7666 (numerous on Diopatra tubes), 7671, 7672 (living and few shells), 7674 (several shells), 7675 (few shells), 7679 (1 shell), 7682 (1 shell), 7686 (1 shell), 7688 (few living and shells), 7696 (many shells), 7697 (living and shells), 7698 (1 shell), 7699 BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 701 Corbula contracta — Continued. (1 shell), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (1 living and several shells), 7703 (several shells), 7705 (1 shell), 7706 (1 shell), 7707 (1 shell), 7718 (few shells), 7719 (2 shells), 7720 (1 shell), 7723 (sev- eral shells), 7724 (1 shell), 7726 (few shells), 7732 (many shells), 7733 (few shells), 7734 (few shells), 7735 (several shells), 7740 (1 shell), 7741 (1 shell), 7744 (few shells), 7748 (1 shell), 7756 (1 shell), 7758 (1 shell), 7764 (several shells), 7767 (few shells), 7769 (several shells), 7770 (few shells), 7771 (1 shell), 7772 (few shells), 7776 (1 shell), 7777 (several shells), 7778 (many shells), 7779 (many shells), 7780 (shells common), 7781 (few living and shells), 7782 (few shells), 7783 (many shells). Phalarope stations: 2 (1 living), 6 (1 shell), 11 (1 shell), 15, 28 (few shells), 29 (1), 33 (few shells), 34 (several shells), 35 (few shells), 43 (shells), 52 (1 shell), 57 (1 shell), 58 (1 shell), 59 (1 shell), 65 (several shells), 78 (1 shell), 81, 83 (few shells), 84, 86, 91, 96, 98, 100 (shells), 102, 108, no, hi (1 shell), 113, 115 (shells), 116, 117 (2 shells), 118 (1 shell), 120(1 living and shells), 121 (few shells), 122 (few shells), 123 (living and shells), 126 (shells), 128 (1 shell), 131 (1 shell), 134 (1 shell), 138, 140 (few shells), 141 (few shells), 144 (1 shell), 147 (few shells), 150 ( 1 shell), 160 (1 worn shell?), 163 (1 shell), 164 (1 shell), 167 (1 shell, 1 living). Family Myacidai. Mya arenaria Linnaeus. Long clam, soft-shelled clam. (Locally called simply “clam,” the latter term seldom being applied to Venus). [Chart 160.] Gould, 1870, p. 55; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 672, 309, 463, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 70; Bumpus, 1898b, p. 857. Abundant and of very general distribution along the sandy and muddy shores of the region, par- ticularly where the water is somewhat brack- ish. The clam does not occur much below low-tide mark; hence it is comparatively in- frequent in the dredging records. Shells occa- sionally dredged by the Survey in 2 to 13 fath- - oms, chiefly at depth of 5 fathoms or less. Fish Hawk stations: 7614 (1 shell), 7639 (? 1 shell), 7645 (several shells), 7698 (? small), 7702 (? 1 small). Phalarope stations: 53 (few shells), 127 (shells), 137 (1), 146 (1 shell), 149 (1 shell), 150 (1 shell), 154 (1 fragment), 155 (few shells), 156 (few shells), 157 (few shells), 164 (1 shell), 165 (1 shell). Family Saxicavid^. Saxicava arctica Deshays. Gould, 1870, p. 89 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 671, 309, etc. (No specific local records). Vineyard Sound, at 5 stations; Crab Ledge, at 4 stations; 4 to 25 fathoms, gravel and stones. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7532 bis (1 small shell), 7572 (1 living)*, 7603 (several living), 7606 (many), 7608 (several), 7609 (2 living), 7718 (1 shell). Phalarope stations: 1 (1 shell), 62. Cyrtodaria siliqua (Spengler). Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk stations 7603*, 7604, and 7608; 17 to 20 fathoms, sand and gravel. Shells only were taken. Family Pholadid^e. Pholas costata Linnaeus. Gould, 1870, p. 37; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 670, 433; Dali, 1889, p. 72 ( Barnea costata). New Bedford, dredged living. — Gould. Great Harbor, Woods Hole, dead shells. — Verrill. Mouth of New Bedford Harbor, at Fish Hawk stations 7646* and 7647*, fragments only. — Survey. Numerous large fragments found by Mr. Edwards on the beach at the south shore of Marthas Vineyard, just outside of Tisbury Great Pond*. Mr. G. M. Gray reports that this species is so scarce locally that he is obliged to send to Florida for specimens for the supply department. According to Gould, it lives buried in the mud to a depth of 2 or 3 feet. The specimens recorded by him were brought up by harbor dredging machines. Pholas truncata Say. Gould, 1870, p. 38; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 670, 372, 433, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 72 ( Barnea truncata). New Bedford. — Gould. Woods Hole in Great Harbor (dead shells). — Verrill. Buzzards Bay shore, near breakwater, on one occasion. — G. M. Gray. Like the preceding species, this mollusk buries itself so deeply in the mud that it is seldom taken with the dredge. Ver- rill states that is “ quite common in mud and peat-banks, above low-water mark.” Zirphcca crispata (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 671, 433; Dali, 1889, p. 72. Great Harbor, Woods Hole; fragments of shells dredged by Verrill. Two living specimens dredged by the Survey near the Sound shore of BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 702 Zirphcea crispata— Continued. Cuttyhunk at Phalarope station 33* (5 fath- oms, hard mud and gravel); 1 shell taken at Fish Hawk station 7718* (14 fathoms, sand and shells). Family TEREDiNimE. Teredo navalis Linnaeus. Ship-worm. Gould, 1870, p. 28; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 669, 384, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 74. Local waters generally, infesting piles, buoys, pound stakes, lobster pots, and every sort of floating or submerged woodwork. Of great abundance and rapid growth, constituting a serious pest to shipping and the fisheries. Pieces of wood inhabited by this mollusk dredged by the Survey in Vineyard Sound at 13 to 15 fathoms (Fish Hawk stations 7564* and 7565). In the former of these cases, at least, a living specimen was found. According to Verrill, the eggs are exceedingly numerous, probably amounting to millions. These are retained in the gill cavity during Teredo navalis — Continued. the first stages of development; they are liber- ated in May and probably throughout the rest of the summer, larvae being taken at the sin- face in May and June. (For a good account of the natural history of this animal, see Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 383-387.) Teredo megolara Hanley. Gould, 1870, p. 31; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 670, 387, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 74. Newport and New Bedford, occurring in cedar buoys and floating pine wood. — Gould. Teredo thomsoni Tryon. Gould, 1870, p. 32; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 670, 387, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 74. Found in great numbers on marine railway at New Bedford; also in cedar buoys. — Gould, after Tryon. Teredo sp. undetermined. Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7550; 12 fathoms. (Probably one of the foregoing species.) Class AMPHINEURA. Family Ischnochitonid.E. Trachydermon ruber Carpenter. Gould, 1870, p. 260 ( Chiton ruber; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 662, 399, etc. (sometimes referred to as Leptochiton ruber); Dali, 1889, p. 172. ‘‘Rare and local in the colder outer waters south of Cape Cod”; living on rocks which are cov- ered with red nullipores; not listed specifically for this region. — Verrill. Mr. Gray reports its occasional occurrence in the ‘‘gutters” near Hadley Harbor. A single specimen was dredged by the survey at Phalarope station 116* (near Penikese Island, 4 fathoms, gravel and sand). Chcetopleura apiculata Carpenter. [Chart 161.] Gould, 1870, p. 258 ( Chiton apiculatus ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 661, 399 (also referred to as Leptochiton apiculatus ); Dali, 1889, p. 172. Nantucket. — Gould. Vineyard Sound and Buz- zards Bay. — Verrill. Distribution general throughout the eastern half of Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay and the western half of the Sound it is restricted to the inshore stations. — Survey. Dredged in 2 to 15 fathoms, on various bottoms ; more frequent among stones or shells, and less common where mud is present. This species, when alive, is invariably found cling- ing to other solid objects. Nearly all of the Chcetopleura apiculata — Continued. specimens dredged were living. One was col- lected by Mr. J. W. Underwood on a shell occu- pied by Pagurus pollicaris, taken along shore at Nobska Point. Fish Haw'k stations: 7522 (2), 7522 bis (2), 7523 (few), 7323 bis (few), 7524 (few), 7524 bis (1), 7527 (few), 7528 (few), 7530 (1), 7530 bis (2), 7531 bis (few), 7533 bis (1), 7536 (1), 7537 (numerous), 7537 bis (1), 7539 (1), 7541 (2), 7544 (few), 7545 (few), 7547 bis (2), 7550 (1), 7551 bis (many), 7554 bis (1), 7560 (1), 7572 (1), 7581 (few), 7621 (few), 7626 (1), 7628 (2), 7630 (1), 7634 (several), 7635 (several), 7648 (several), 7659 (few), 7672, 7675 (1), 7743 (1), 7744 (2), 7745 (*)> 7746 (1 small), 7753 (1), 7757 (1), 7760 (1), 7761 (1), 7762 (several), 7766 (2), 7768 (1) , 7769 (2), 7773 (1), 7776 (2), 7777 (few), 7778 (few), 7780 (1), 7783 (several). Phalarope stations: 2 (2), 5 (2), 7 (1), 9 (1 young), 12 (2), 15 (1), 32 (1), 52 (several), 62 (1), 65 (2), 68 (1), 69 (1), 70 (abundant), 71 (abundant), 72 (many), 81 (few), 82 (several), 83 (2), 84 (sev- eral), 107 (1), no (1 small), 114 (1), 118 (1), 123 (2) , 128 (2), 132 (many), 134 (1), 141 (1), 142 (1), 144 (common), 145 (few shells), 147 (1), 148 (several), 149 (several shells), 150 (1), 151 (1), 158 (few), 167 (several). BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 703 Class GASTROPODA. Family CavouniD/E. Styliola vitrea Verrill. Verrill, 1872, p. 284 (sp. nov.); Verrill and Smith , 1873, p. 668, 443, etc.; Verrill, 1882a, p. 556. “Taken among Salpce, off Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, in the afternoon, September 9, , 1871.” — Verrill. Diacria trispinosa Gray. Stimpson, 1851, p. 27 ( Hyalea trispinosa)-, Gould, 1870, p. 504; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 669, 444; Verrill, 1880c, p. 392; Dali, 1889, p. 82 {Carolina trispinosa ). “Occasionally cast ashore at Nantucket.” — Stimpson. At Newport, numerous specimens taken from the stomach of a bluefish. — Verrill. Cavolina tridentata Forskal. Verrill, 1872; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 669, 444, etc.; Verrill, 1882c, p. 554; Dali, 1889, p. 82. “Shells dredged off Marthas Vineyard, at two localities, in 19 and 22 fathoms;” “a south- ern species which comes north in the Gulf Stream.” — Verrill. One shell taken north of Gay Head at Fish Hawk station 7681*. — Sur- vey. More than 30 shells, probably of this species, taken from the stomach of a logger- head (?) turtle, caught in vicinity of Woods Hole during the summer of 1911. Family Limacinidaj. Heterofusus retroversus (Fleming). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 669, 443, etc. ( Spiri - alis gouldii). “Near Naushon Island (A. Agassiz). Twenty miles off No Mans Land, in stomach of herring (S. I. Smith).” Family Cymbuuidaj. Corolla calceola (Verrill). Verrill, 1882c, p. 353 ( Cymbulia calceolus). A mile off Gay Head, at the stuff ace, several taken by V. N. Edwards, August 27, 1890*. Verrill records the capture of a specimen 30 miles ESE. of Block Island, at the surface, October 2, 1880. Family Ci.ionid.e. Clione limacina (Phipps). Gould, 1870, p. 507 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 668, 444, etc. ( Clione papillionacea)-, Verrill, 1880c, p. 391 ( Clione papillionacea ); Dali, 1889, p. 82. 16269 0 — Bull 31, pt 2 — 13 Clione limacina — Continued. “Mr. Vinal N. Edwards obtained two specimens in Vineyard Sound, April 30.” — Verrill. Vine- yard Sound, September 10, 1888; Woods Hole, in tow, March 20, 1896. (Collected by V. N. Edwards, identified by Dali and Bartsch.) Family Acteonid^. Acteon puncto-striatus (Adams). Adams, 1840, p. 323 ( Tornatella puncto-striata); Gould, 1870, p. 224 ( Tornatella puncto-stri - atus ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 664; Dali, 1889, p. 84. New Bedford. — Adams. “ Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, not uncommon.” Verrill. Family Torxatimida;. Tornatina canaliculata (Say). [Chart 162.] Gould, 1870, p. 219 ( Utriculus canaliculatus)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 663, 426, etc. ( Utriculus canaliculatus)-, Dali, 1889, p. 84. “Common in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. ” — Verrill. Dredged almost exclusively in the Bay, where the distribution is pretty general; living specimens taken at 3 to 5 fath- oms, chiefly on muddy bottoms; occurrence of shells more general, including two records for Vineyard Sound. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7612 (?), 7613 (?), 7623, 7625 (several shells), 7636 (1 shell), 7641 (1 shell), 7649 (1 living and r shell), 7650, 7651 (several shells), 7653 (1 shell), 7655 (1 shell), 7657, 7661, 7727 (3 shells), 7728 (1 shell). Phalarope stations: 78 (few living), 79 (few shells), 84, 94, 100, 107 (few living), 119 (3 shells), 120 (1), 123 (1 shell), 124 (2 living), 125, 159 (1 shell), 161 (1 living, 2 shells), 162 (2 shells), 165 (2 shells). Family Scaphandrid^E. Cylichnella oryza (Totten). [Chart 163.] Stimpson, 1851 {Bulla oryza)-, Goidd, 1870, p. 221 (Cylichna oryza)-, Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 663, 426, etc. {Cylichna oryza); Dali, 1889, p. 86. New Bedford Harbor. — Stimpson. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, not uncommon.— Verrill. Survey records confined to Buzzards Bay, chiefly to inshore stations; dredged in 3 to 7 fathoms, on bottoms of sandy mud and muddy sand. Fish Hawk stations: 7623, 7630 (1 shell), 7652, 7655- Phalarope stations: 78 (few), 79, 89, 100 (1 shell), 119 (many living), 120 (living), 127 (few shells), 138 (1), 159 (3 shells). ■11. 7©4 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Cylichna alba (Brown). Gould 1870, p. 220; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 663, 508, etc. (In neither work listed for this region). Dredged by the survey near the lower end of Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk stations 7657 (1 shell), and 7661 (2 shells); 9 to 13 fathoms, mud. (Identified by R. C. Osbum.) Family BulliM. Hamine'a solitaria Say. Gould, 1870, p. 222 ( Bulla solitaria)-, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 662, 371, etc. ( Bulla solitaria ); Dali, 1889, p. 88. New Bedford. — Gould. “Gammon, in the muddy lagoons and salt-ponds along the shores of Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay. . . . Abundant in a small pond near Holmes Hole. ” — Verrill. Eel Pond, Hadley Harbor. — G. M. Gray. Katama Bay at several points. — Osbum. This species is doubtless of pretty general distribution in such localities as those mentioned but, being of strictly littoral habi- tat, it was only recorded three times during the survey dredging, viz, at Phalarope sta- tions 127 (shells common), 161 (few shells), and 166 (1 living). Eggs laid in large jelly-like balls, which are fas- tened by stalks to the sand; deposited August 20 or earlier.— E- G. Conklin, Marine Biologi- cal Laboratory card catalogue. “ Devoured in large numbers by the flounders and doubtless by other fishes.”— Verrill. Family Aplysiid^E. Tethys willcoxi (Heilprin) var. Dali, 1889, p. 90 ( Aplysia willcoxi). Katama Bay, October 31, 1900, 1 large specimen* (sent by Mr. Fisher of Edgartown to Mr. Ed- wards). Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole, October 11, 1906, 1 specimen (probably of this species) taken in a lobster-pot. During October, 1910, this mollusk was taken rather frequently throughout the waters of the region, one or more specimens being recorded from New Bedford, Westport, Buzzards Bay (near Woods Hole), Lamberts Cove, Tarpaulin Cove, Robinsons Hole, and Menemsha Bight. One of these specimens was referred to Dr. Dali for . identification Family PeEurobranchid.*®. ? Pleurobrancheea tarda Verrill. Verrill, 1882c, p. 546. Off Marthas Vineyard in 28 fathoms, 1881 (thus not strictly within the limits of the region). — Verrill. Four specimens, presumably from the vicinity of Woods Hole, though not la- beled, were assigned to this species by Dr. MacFarland. It is quite possible, however, that these were likewise taken beyond the limits of the region. Family Dendronotid.®. Dendronotus arboresc'ens (Muller). Gould, 1870, p. 234; Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 665, 495. etc. “Rare and local south of Massachusetts Bay.” — - Verrill. Not yet recorded for this region, though the latter lies within the stated range of the species. Dendronotus robustus Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 197; 1882c, p. 550. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Six specimens from the vicinity of Woods Hole f (collected by G. M. Gray). Family vScvleaud/E. Scyllcea pelagica Linnaeus. Verrill, 1878, p. 211. (Scyllcea edwardsii)-, 1882c, p. 550 (Scyllcea edwardsii). Little Harbor, Woods Hole, on eel grass; also in the Sound on sargassum; first reported in the autumn of 1877. — Verrill. Specimens which are probably of this species have been taken among floating sargassum in Vineyard Sound, on the following dates, often in great numbers: August 20, 22, 28*, and September 5, 1906. Some were collected likewise during the pre- ceding summer and probably at other times. Dr. MacFarland comments: “A careful ana- tomical study of the Woods Hole specimens must be made before their identity with .S'. pelagica L. can be positively determined.” Family PoLYCERim®. Polycerella emertoni Verrill. Verrill, 1880c, p. 387 (sp. nov.); 1882c, p. 548. Woods Hole Harbor, August and September, 1875 and 1881, on eel grass and hydroids; Newport, on piles. Eggs laid in confinement, July 24. — Verrill. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 705 ? Palio lessonii (d’Orbigny). Gould, 1870, p. 226 ( Polycera Lessonii)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 665, 333, etc. ( Polycera lessonii). No definite local records, though this region lies within the stated range of the species. Acanthodoris pilosa (Abildgaard). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 664, 307, etc. ( Doris bifida). No definite local records given by Verrill. A specimen collected in this vicinity by Mr. Gray has been thus identified by Dr. Mac- Farland. According to Verrill this species is to be found on the underside of rocks near shore. Its eggs are said to be “contained in convoluted gelatinous ribbons.” ? Lamellidoris muricata (Muller). Verrill, 1882c, p. 550. No definite local records, though this region lies within the stated range of the species. Lamellidoris pallida (Agassiz). Gould, 1870, p. 229 ( Doris pallida)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 665, 49s ( Onchidoris pallida). ‘‘Dredged by Messrs. Prudden and Russell, off Cuttyhunk Island, in April, 1872.” — -Verrill. Idaliella modesta (Verrill). Verrill, 1875a, p. 41 ( Idalia modesta)', Verrill, 1882c, p. 548. Vineyard Sound and off No Mans Land. / Family Corambid^g. Corambe obscura (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 664, 307, etc .{Dori- della obscura). Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Said to occur on the under side of stones and among hydroids. Six specimens were taken by one of the survey col- lectors off Gay Headf, on floating weed, July 7, 1904. Dr. MacFarland notes that this species ‘‘requires detailed study with sections to de- termine its position and relationships.” According to Verrill ‘‘the eggs are inclosed in a delicate gelatinous string, which is coiled up something like a watch-spring, and attached to the under side of stones.” Family AJogIdiad^B. JEolidia papillosa (Linnaeus). Gould, 1870, p. 239 ( JEolis papillosa)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 666, 486, etc. {JEolis papillosa)'. Mead, 1898, p. 703 ( Eolis papillosa). No local records by Gould or Verrill. Mentioned by Mead as taken in spawning condition during April, presumably at Woods Hole. A speci- men collected by Mr. Gray at Quicks Hole, March 25, 1898]'; anotherf taken somewhere in this vicinity, but not labeled. Cratena pilata (Gould). Gould, 1870, p. 243 ( /Eolis pilata)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 666, 383 ( Montagna pilata and JEolis pilata)', Bergh, 1885, p. 31. Two specimens studied by Bergh were taken by Verrill in Vineyard Sound, April, 1873. E. G. Conklin (Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue) notes the presence of this species among Tubularia on the piles of the local pier. Specimens from the following points were sent to Dr. MacFarland for identification: Fish Hawk station 7560; vicinity of Woods Hole (G. M. Gray, collector); local pier in surface tow, taken on a number of occasions as follows (V. N. Edwards, collector): October 12, 1904 (1 specimen); January 29, 1907 (4); March 30, 1907 (1); April 1, 1907 (1); April 4, 1907 (4); April 23, 1907 (2); June 21, 1907 (1). Dr. Conklin records taking the eggs from June 15 to July 15, in close white masses of jelly, de- posited amongst Tubularia. Cratena gymnota (Couthouy). Gould, 1870, p. 249 {/Eolis gymnota)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 667, 383 ( Coryphella gymnota, also Carolina gymnota)', Verrill, 1880b, p. 390. A specimen (or specimens) apparently of this species was ‘‘found by Prof. Todd, on an old wreck in the Woods Hole passage.” — Verrill. Local pier, in surface towf, May 26, 1905, 1 specimen (V. N. Edwards, collector). Tergipes despectus (Johnston). Gould, 1870, p. 248 {JEolis despecta)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 667, 495. (In neither work listed specifically for this region). J. S. Kingsley (Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue) notes that the eggs of this spe- cies were laid on campanularian hydroids (pre- sumably at Woods Hole) July 14, 1889. 706 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Embletonia pallida Alder & Hancock. Bergh, 1885, p. 36. Vineyard Sound, near Woods Hole, 3 specimens (described by Bergh) were collected by Ver- rill July 15, 1881. Coryphella mananensis (Stimpson). Verrill, 1882c, p. 552. No specific local records given by Verrill. Speci- mens from the following points were assigned to this species by Dr. MacFarland: Woods Hole, March 18, 1896; vicinity of Woods Hole (G. M. Gray, collector); Quicks Hole, March 25, 1898 (G. M. Gray, collector); Vine- yard Sound, near Quicks Hole, May, 1898; Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk stations 7686 and 7718. Coryphella salmonacea (Couthouy). Gould, 1870, p. 240 ( JEolis salmonacea; not listed for this region). Four specimens, thus identified by Dali and Bartsch, were taken at Crab Ledge (Fish Hawk station 7603). Others which were regarded by the collectors as being of the same species as the foregoing were taken at Fish Hawk sta- tions 7605 and 7607 (likewise at Crab Ledge). Facelina bostoniensis (Couthouy). Gould, 1870, p. 241 (Asolis bostoniensis ); Ver- rill, 1880c, p. 389; Bumpus, 1898, p. 488 ( Eolis bostoniensis). At Newport, etc., “common from above low water to 20 fathoms, on Obelia and other hy- droids. ’’ — Verrill. Woods Hole, or vicinity, March, 1898; “breeding.” — Bumpus. Surface tow, local pierf , November 19, 1904; 3 speci- mens (V. N. Edwards, collector). Piles of local pierf, February 2, 1907: 1 specimen. Fiona marina (Forskal). Verrill, 1882a, p. 339 ( Fiona nobilis ); Verrill, 1882c, p. 551 ( Fiona nobilis). South of Marthas Vineyard, on floating tim- bers.— Verrill. Vicinity of Woods Holef, 2 specimens (G. M. Gray, collector). Family Dotonid/B. Doto coronata (Gmelin). Gould, 1870, p. 236; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 665, 400, etc.; Bumpus, 1898, p. 487. Vineyard Sound. — Agassiz, cited by Gould. Off Gay Head. — Verrill. Woods Hole Harbor, among sertularians. — G. M. Gray. Bumpus records the taking of this species locally by dredge in March, 1898. Gay Head, at Blue Wing station 44f, 1 specimen. — Survey. ? Doto formosa Verrill. Verrill, 1875a, p. 41; 1882a, p. 551. No definite local records, though this region lies within the range of the species as stated by Verrill. Family HERM/EiDaj. Hermcea cruciata (A. Agassiz) Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 253; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 667. Naushon Island. — A. Agassiz. Alderia harvardiensis (A. Agassiz) Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 254 (not listed for this region); Bumpus, 1898, p. 488. Woods Hole, or vicinity, March, 1898; “breed- ing.”— Bumpus. Elysia chlorotica (A. Agassiz) Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 255; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 667, 480. (In neither work listed for this region.) Six specimens, thus identified by Dr. MacFar- land, were collected by Mr. Gray in the vicin- ity of Woods Hole. Mr. Gray reports the occurrence of this species in the Eel Pond, Lackeys Bay and Hadley Harbor. Elysiella catula (A. Agassiz, Gould). Gould, 1870, p. 256 (Placobranchus catulus); Ver- rill, 1872, p. 284; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 668, 480. “Woods Hole, among eelgrass, common.” “It also has the power of floating with the bot- tom of the foot at the surface of the water.” — Verrill. Family AuRicuumE. I Alexia myosotis (Draparnaud). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 662, 383, etc. In brackish waters, on piles, etc., near high-water mark. No definite local records, though this region lies within the stated range of the species. Melampus lineatns Say. Gould, 1870, p. 467 ( Melampus bidentatus; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 662, 463, etc. ( Melampus bidentatus)] Dali, 1889, p. 92. Salt marshes and weedy shores of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, very common. Wareham River, on muddy banks, between tides; beach east of Fort Phoenix, under rocks between tides; south arm of West Falmouth Harbor. (Collected by Cole; identified by Dali and Bartsch.) “Contributes largely to the food of the minnow and other small fishes, as well as to that of many aquatic birds.” — Verrill. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 707 Family TurriTid^. Mangilia bicarinata (Couthouy). Gould, 1870, p. 349 ( Pleurotonia bicarinata; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 638, 418, etc. ( Pleurotoma bicarinatum). “Vineyard Sound, 6 to 12 fathoms, rare.” — Ver- rill. Mangilia cerina (Kurtz & Stimpson). Stimpson, 1851 ( Pleurotoma cerinum ); Verrill, 1872; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 637, 432, etc.; Verrill, 1882c, p.488; 1884a, p. 250; Dali, 1889, p. 102. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Quissett. — Verrill. Dredged by the survey at Phalarope stations 19* (Tarpaulin Cove), 124* (off Pen- zance), 154* (mouth of Wareham River). Mangilia plicosa (Adams). Adams, 1840, p.318 {Pleurotoma plicata); Gould, 1870, p. 350 ( Pleurotoma plicata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 637, 383, etc. ( Bela plicata). New Bedford, in mud. — Adams. Drillia sp. A specimen referred to this genus by Messrs. Dali and Bartsch was taken at Phalarope station 156. Bela harpularia Adams. Gould, 1870, p. 352 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 636, 508; Verrill, 1882a, p. 473; Dali, 1889, p. 98. Off Gay Head, 10 to 29 fathoms, on muddy bot- tom, in 1871, 1880, and 1881. — Verrill. Bela plcurotomaria Adams. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 637 (not specifically listed for this region); Verrill, 1882c, p.478. Off Chatham, 16 fathoms, 1881. — Verrill. Family Fasciglarud/t;. Busycon canaliculatum (Say). Conch shell; lo- cally called “winkle.” [Chart 164.] Gould, 1870, p. 380 {Fulgur canaliculata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 640, 332, etc. ( Sycotypus canaliculatus); Dali, 1889, p. 112 ( Fulgur ca- naliculata)', Mead, 1898 {“Sycotypus”). Abundant in shallower waters generally, the shells being familiar on the beaches almost everywhere. Fifty-one large specimens were taken from three lobster pots in a single day by Mr. Edwards. In the Survey dredging this species was found to be pretty generally dis- tributed throughout Buzzards Bay and Vine- yard Sound, though somewhat commoner in the former. Living specimens were dredged in 2 to 12 fathoms, on quite various bottoms, Busycon canaliculatum — Continued. though most frequently on muddy ones. The shells were frequently occupied by the larger hermit crabs. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 (1 shell), 7525 bis (1 small shell), 7526 (2 shells), 7327 (1 shell), 7335 (1 fragment), 7543 bis (1), 7547 bis (1 young shell), 7553 bis (1 small shell), 7572 (1 shell and fragments), 7602 (2 shells), 7611 (1 living), 7612 (1 shell), 7614 (fragment), 7617 (1 shell and 1 small living?), 7621 (ishell), 7622 (ishell), 7624 (1 shell fragment), 7632 (several), 7633 (several living), 7634 (few living and shells), 7636 (frag- ment), 7637 (1 living), 7638 (living and shells), 7641 (2 large living), 7644 (small shells), 7645 (several shells), 7646 (several small living), 7648 (several shells), 7650 (1), 7652 (1 living), 7653 (living and shells), 7657 (1 living), 7659 (1 shell), 7660 (few shells and living), 7661 (few shells and living), 7662 (few living), 7663 (few living), 7664 (1 shell), 7668 (1 living and shells), 7672 (1 shell), 7673 (1 shell), 7675 (1 shell), 7678 (2 living and few shells), 7696 (1 fragment), 7706 (1 large shell), 7724 (many liv- ing, large and small), 7728 (1 living and 1 shell), 7729 (1 living), 7734 (1 worn shell), 7735 (1 living), 7739 (1 shell), 7759 (small shell), 7761 (several living and few shells), 7762 (many large shells and egg cases), 7767 (1 shell), 7768 (1 shell), 7769 (1 shell), 7772 (1 shell), 7778 (few large shells). Phalarope stations: 2 (2 shells), 4 (1 very large shell), 6 (2 living), 17 (1 large living), 19 (1 shell), 52 (1), 53 (1), 62 (1), 71 (few shells), 72 (1), 73 (1), 80 (1 piece), 81 (1 fragment), 82 (1 shell), 89 (1 fragment), 93 (1 shell), 94, 98, 101 (1 shell), 109, 113 (1 living), 119 (1 living), 126 (shells), 131 (1 living), 132 (1 shell), 135, 137 (r shell), 147 (1 shell), 149 (few shells), 156 (2 shells), 158 (few shells and living), 163 (1 shell), 164 (1 small shell), 165 (1 living, 1 shell), 166 (several small shells). Spawns in August. — G. M. Gray. Egg strings deposited as late as second week in Septem- ber.— Thompson. Egg strings containing w'ell-formed shells found in April.- — Mead. The egg cases of this species, like those of B. carica, are familiar objects upon the sea beach in summer. Like those of the related species, they consist of a string of disk-shaped capsules, composed of a parchment-like material. For an account of egg laying of Busycon canalicula- tum and B. carica, see Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 355- This species preys upon other mollusks and is said to be very destructive to the oyster. bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 708 Busycon carica (Linnaeus). Conch or “winkle.” [Chart 165.] Gould, 1870, p. 383; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 640, 313, etc. ( Fulgur carica)', Dali, 1889, p. 112 {Fulgur carica.) Fairly common in the shallower waters generally, judging from the number of shells found on shore. Much less abundant than B. canalicu- latum, however. Shells dredged frequently in Buzzards Bay, occasionally in the Sound; taken in 2 to 13 fathoms, on various kinds of bottom; few living specimens recorded during the Survey dredging. Fish Hawk stations: 7530 bis (1 shell), 7551 (1 large shell), 7616 (1 fragment), 7618 (3), 7621 (several shells), 7622 (several living and shells), 7627 (1 shell), 7632 (1 living), 7634 (1 living), 7645 (1 shell), 7648 (1 shell), 7660 (1 shell and egg case), 7661 (1 living), 7709 (1 shell), 7762 (2 shells), 7777 (1 large shell), 7778 (1 very small), 7781 (1 very large and 1 small shell). Phalarope stations: 107 (shells), 109, 129 (1 shell), 136, 138 (2 shells), 142 (1 shell), 145 (1), 148 (1), 153 (1 shell), 158 (1 living and many shells), 163 ( 1 young). “At New Haven they spawn as early as March and April. ” — Verrill. Egg strings, containing well-formed shells found in April. — Mead. Family Buccinid/G. Buccinum undatum Linnaeus. European whelk. [Chart 166.] Gould, 1870, p. 366 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 638, 494; Dali, 1889, p. 114; Sumner, 1910, fig. 15.' “Mouth of Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head, 6 to 19 fathoms;” “a decidedly northern' and Arctic shell. . . . Not common south of Cape Cod except on outer islands and in deep wa- ter.”— -Verrill. Western end of Vineyard Sound; Sow and Pigs Reef; Crab Ledge; dredged in 3 to 25 fathoms, on various bot- toms.— Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7554 (few shells, one over il-2 inches long)*, 7579 ( ? 1), 7603 (2 large worn shells and 1 small shell)*, 7604 (1 shell and 1 living), 7606 (2 living), 7607 (2 large living), 7608 (1 small)*, 7609 (1 small living), 7664 (1 living), 7679 (x shell), 7681 (2 shells), 7706 (1 large shell), 7707 (2 large shells), 7761 (1 large worn shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 29 (1 young), 32 (1 small living), 36 (1 young living), 45 (1 small shell), 46 (several living), 56 (small shells), 59 (1 large, 1 small living), 60 (1 small shell). Chrysodomus decemcostatus (Say). Gould, 1870, p. 375 {Fusus decemcostatus; not listed for this region). Dredged by the survey at Crab Ledge in 17 to 19 fathoms: Fish Hawk stations 7603 (1 large shell)* and 7604 (1 fragment). Tritonofusus islandicus (Gronovius). Gould, 1870, p. 371 ( Fusus islandicus)', Verrill, 1882c, p. 508 ( Sipho islandicus)', Dali, 1889, p. 1 14 {Sipho islandicus). Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7608 (3 shells)*; Vineyard Sound, at Phalarope stations 2* and 64* (1 shell each). Not previously listed for this region. Tritonofusus stimpsoni (Morch). Dali, 1889, p. 114 {Sipho stimpsoni). Dredged by the survey at Crab Ledge in 16 to 20 fathoms: Fish Hawk stations 7603 (1 large and 3 small shells)*, 7606 (2 shells), 7608 (2 shells). ? Tritonofusus curtus Verrill. Gould, 1870, p. 371 {Fusus islandicus)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 638 {Neptunea curta). No definite local records, though this region lies within the stated range of the species. Siphonorhis pygmceus (Gould). Gould, 1870, p. 372 {Fusus pygmceus; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. ■ 639, 508 {Neptunea pygmcea)', Dali, 1889, p. 114 {Sipho pygmceus). “Off Buzzards Bay, 25 fathoms; off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, mud, abundant and large.”— Ver- rill. Family Alectryonid.g;. Tritia trivittata (Adams). [Chart 167.] Gould, 1870, p. 364 {Nassa trivittata), Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 641, 354, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 116 {Nassa trivittata)', Sumner, 1910, fig. 5. Abundant and of very general distribution throughout the region, being recorded from more dredging stations than any other spcies of animal. Living specimens dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. Like- wise abundant in the tidal zone. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (1), 7522 (few), 7522 bis (2), 7523 (1), 7524 bis (1), 7525 (few), 7525 bis (few shells), 7526 (few), 7527 (few shells), 7530 (few shells), 7530 bis (few shells), 7531 (1 shell), 7532 (few shells), 7532 bis (1 living, also shells), 7533 (fragments), 7533 bis (1 shell), 7534 (several shells), 7534 bis (1 shell), 7535 (several shells), 7535 bis (1), 7536 (1 shell), 7536 bis (1 shell), 7537 (few shells), 7537 bis (few shells), 7538 (1 shell), 7541 (few shells), 7541 bis (few shells), 7542 (few shells), 7542 bis BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 709 Tritia trivittata — Continued. (few shells), 7543 (many), 7543 bis (2 shells), 7544 (numerous), 7545 (few), 7545 bis (several), 7546 bis, 7547 bis (many), 7349 (few shells), 7349 bis (few shells), 7550 bis (few shells), 7552 (few), 7552 bis (few fragments), 7353 (few shells), 7553 bis (few, 1 living), 7534 (many shells), 7554 bis (numerous shells), 7556 bis (numerous shells), 7537 (few shells), 7358 (few shells), 7560 (few shells), 7561 (few shells), 7563 (many shells), 7563 bis (few shells), 7364 bis (few shells), 7565 (several), 7565 bis (1 shell), 7566 (few shells), 7567 (many shells), 7568 (few shells), 7569 (few shells), 7370 (few shells), 7571 (few shells), 7572 (few shells), 7573 (sev- eral shells), 7575 (1 shell), 7577 (1 living), 7578 (many shells), 7579 (several shells), 7380 (some living, many shells), 7381 (several shells), 7582 (few shells), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (few), 7585 (few shells and living), 7586 (few shells), 7388 (1 shell), 7589 (1 shell), 7591 (few shells), 7592 (1 shell), 7393 (few shells), 7594 (1 shell), 7595 (many shells), 7597 (fragment), 7398 (few shells), 7599 (1 shell), 7601 (several living and shells), 7602 (many shells and few living), 7609 (1 shell), 7610 (living and shells abundant), 7611 (many living and shells), 7612 (many shells), 7613 (many living), 7614 (many shells and living), 7615 (many shells), 7616 (many shells), 7617 (very many living and shells), 7618 (many shells and living), 7619 (many shells), 7620 (very many living and shells), 7621 (many living and shells), 7622 (many shells and living), 7623 (many shells), 7624 (very many shells), 7625 (many shells), 7627 (few), 7628 (few shells), 7629 (many shells), 7630 (few shells), 7631 (several shells), 7632 (several shells), 7633 (few shells), 7634 (many shells), 7635 (several shells), 7636 (living), 7637 (many living and shells), 7638 (many shells), 7639 (many shells), 7640 (mafiy living and shells), 7641 (very many living, few shells), 7642 (many living and shells), 7643, 7644 (numerous shells), 7645 (several shells), 7646, 7647 (few living), 7648 (many shells), 7649 (few shells), 7630 (few shells), 7631 (many shells), 7652 (numerous shells and living), 7633 (many shells), 7654 (many living and shells), 7655 (many living and shells), 7656 (several shells), 7637 (many shells), 7638 (few shells), 7659 (few shells), 7660 (many shells), 7661 (very many living and shells), 7662 (many living and shells), 7663 (many shells and living), 7664 (few shells), 7663 (1 shell), 7666 (few shells), 7667 (few shells), 7668 (living and shells), 7669 Tritia trivittata — Continued. (few living and shells), 7670 (1 shell), 7671 (many), 7672 (few shells), 7673 (many shells and living), 7674 (many shells), 7673 (numer- ous shells), 7676 (2 shells), 7677 (1), 7678 (sev- eral shells), 7679 (few shells), 7680 (few shells), 7681 (few shells), 7682 (1 shell), 7683 (2 shells), 7685 (living and shells), 7686 (several shells and living), 7687 (several shells and living), 7688 (few living and shells), 7689 (1 shell), 7694 (1 shell), 7695 (few shells), 7696 (2 shells), 7697 (few shells), 7698 (1 small shell), 7699 (few shells), 7700 (few shells), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (1 living and 1 shell), 7703 (several shells), 7704 (1 shell), 7706 (1 shell), 7707 (several shells), 7708 (several shells), 7709 (few shells), 7710 (1 living and 1 shell), 7717 (few shells), 7718 (few shells), 7719 (many shells), 7720 (several shells), 7722 (few shells), 7723 (sev- eral shells) 7724 (many living and shells) 7725 (several living and shells), 7726 (few living and shells), 7727 (1 fragment), 7728 (few shells and living), 7729 (several living), 7730 (few living and shells), 7731 (many shells), 7732 (several shells and 2 living), 7733 (1 shell), 7734 (sev- eral shells), 7736 (1 shell), 7738 (1), 7739 (1 shell), 7740 (few shells), 7741 (few shells), 7744 (few shells), 7743 (1 shell), 7746 (1 shell), 7748 * (1 shell), 7749 (1 shell), 7751 (several shells), 7752 (few shells), 7733 (1 fragment), 7754 (1 shell), 7735 (few shells), 7760 (few), 7761 (many shells and living), 7762 (few shells), 7764 (1 shell), 7766 (several shells), 7770 (2 shells), 7772 (1 shell), 7774 (1 shell), 7775 (1 shell), 7776 (1 shell), 7777 (1 shell), 7778 (1 shell), 7779(sev- eral shells), 7780 (few shells), 7781 (several liv- ing), 7782 (few living). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (many shells and few living), 2 (many shells), 3 (many shells), 4 (few shells), 5 (many living and shells), 6 (shells and living abundant), 7 (many), 8 (living), 9 (very many living), 10 (common), 12 (several living), 13 (frequent), 14 (some living), 15 (common), 16 (few living), 17 (many living), 18 (shells common), 20 (liv- ing common), 21 (living and shells), 22 (living common), 23 (few shells), 24 (not common), 25 (few shells), 26 (1 shell), 28 (common), 29 (few), 30 (few), 32 (1 living), 33 (several shells), 34 (few living), 35 (several shells, few living), 42 (few shells), 44 (1 living), 48 (2 shells), 50 (shells), 52 (living and manyshells), 53 (many), 55 (several living), 56 (few living), 57 (1 liv- ing), 58, 59 (few shells), 60 (many shells and living), 61 (several shells), 62 (few living), 63 7io bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Tritia trivittata — Continued. (several), 64 (few shells and living), 65 (many)> 66 (many), 68 (many shells and living), 69 (few shells), 70 (2 shells), 71 (few living), 72 (several living), 73 (few shells), 74 (several), 75 (few living and shells), 76 (few shells), 77 (few shells), 78 (many living and shells), 79 (living and many shells), 80 (many living and shells), 81 (many shells), 82 (living and shells), 83 (many living), 84 (living), 85 (living), 86, 88 (several living), 89 (living), 90, 91, 92 (liv- ing), 93 (several), 94 (living), 93, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 (living), 101 (living), 102 (living), 103, 104, 105 (living and shells), 106, 107 (many living and shells), 108, 109, no, 112, 113, 114 (shells common), 115 (shells common), 116, 117 (1 shell), 118 (few), 119 (few living and shells), 120 (living), 12 1 (living and shells common), 122 (living and shells abundant), 123 (shells common), 124 (shells common), 125 (living and shells), 126 (shells common), 127 (many shells), 128 (living common), 129 (living and shells), 130 (common living), 132 (common), 133 liv- ing), 134 (living common), 135 (living), 136 (many living), 137 (living and shells), 138 (liv- ing and shells), 139 (living), 140 (living and shells common), 141 (living and shells), 142 (living common), 143 (several shells), 144 (shells common), 145 (several shells), 146 (few shells), 147 (living common), 148 (several shells), 149 (many), 150 (several shells), 151 (1 shell), 152 (living), 153 (few shells), 154 (few living and shells), 136 (x small shell), 158 (few shells), 159 (several living and shells), 160 (1 living, several shells), 161 (several shells), 162 (several living and shells), 163 (many living and shells), 164 (many shells), 165 (1 living, many shells), 166 (many shells), 167 (many shells). Jlyanassa obsoleta Stimpson. [Chart 168.] Gould, 1870, p. 362 ( Nassa obsoleta), Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 641, 468, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 116 (Nassa obsoleta) , Bumpus, 1898, a. Distribution probably very general throughout the muddy shores and shallow waters of the region. Extremely abundant at certain points such as the Eel Pond, Great Pond, Wareham River, etc., and perfectly at home in waters which are decidedly brackish. Owing to its littoral habitat it was rarely taken during the survey dredging, except at stations close to shore. In deeper waters dead shells were oc- casionally met with, these having probably been transported by hermit crabs. Fish Hawk stations: 7539 (1 shell), 7612 (1 shell), 7614 (few shells), 7624 (1 shell), 7625 (1 shell), Ilyanassa obsoleta — Continued. 7629 (1 shell), 7630 (1 shell), 7633 (few shells), 7634 (few shells and living), 7635 (few shells), 7645 (1 shell), 7766 (1 shell), 7767 (2 shells). Phalarope stations: 2 (?), 3 (1), 10 (1), 33 (1 shell), 121, 136, 141 (1 shell), 142 (several), 143 (shells common), 147 (several shells), 148 (sev- eral shells), 149 (common), 150 (few shells), 132 (few shells), 133 (1 shell), 154 (2 shells), 153 (several shells), 136 (1 shell), 157 (1 shell), 158 (many shells), '164 (few shells). Eggs noted by A. D. Mead April 25 and 27. Arcularia vibex (Say). Adams, 1839, P- 264 ( Buccinum vibex)', Gould, 1870, p. 365 ( Nassa vibex; not listed for this region), Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 640, 371, 377 (Nassa vibex)-, Dali, 1889, p. 116 (Nassa vibex). New Bedford. — Adams. “Northward to Vine- yard Sound,” where it is “found sparingly in shallow water among eelgrass. ’ ’ — Verrill. W are- ham River and a few other points in Buzzards Bay, 2 to 4 fathoms, mud. — Survey. Phalarope stations: 153 (1 shell), 153 (several living), 157 (1 small shell), 163 (1)*. Family Columbellid.'E. Anachis avara (Say). [Chart 169.] Gould, 1870, p. 350 (Columbella avara); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 643, 306, etc.; Verrill, i882d, p. 371; 1884, Dali, 1889, p. 116. Shells generally distributed and of great abund- ance in both Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, dredged in from 1 to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom; living specimens abundant throughout the Sound and along the eastern shore of the Bay; rarely recorded from the deeper portions of the latter. — Survey. The shells of this species are widely transported by the smaller hermit crabs, probably being the ones most commonly chosen by P. annulipes. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (many shells), 7522 (many shells), 7522 bis (many shells), 7523 (many shells), 7523 bis (many shells), 7524 (few shells), 7524 bis (many shells), 7523 (few shells), 7525 bis (few shells), 7527 (many shells)*, 7 330 bis (many shells), 7531 bis(many), 7532 (many shells), 7532 bis (few shells), 7533 (few shells), 7533 bis (few shells), 7534 bis (1 shell), 753s (many shells), 7335 bis (few), 7536 bis (several shells), 7537 (many shells), 7537 bis (many), 7538 (many shells), 7538 bis (few living), 7539 bis (1), 7341 (few), 7541 bis (many shells), 7543 bis (few), 7544 (comparatively few shells), 7545 (comparatively few shells). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Anachis avara — Continued. 7545 bis (many), 7546 bis, 7547 (many shells), 7547 bis (very many shells), 7549 (many shells), 7549 bis (many shells), 7550 (few shells), 7550 bis (many living and shells), 7551 bis (many liv- ing and shells), 7552 (few shells), 7552 bis (1 worn shell), 7553 bis (many shells), 7554 bis (many shells), 7556 (few), 7556 bis (few worn shells), 7557, 7558 (many shells), 7560 (1 shell), 7562 bis (few shells and fragments), 7563 (few shells), 7563 bis (numerous shells and frag- ments), 7564 (few), 7564 bis (living and shells), 7565 (few shells), 7565 bis (several living and shells), 7566 (1 shell), 7567 (few shells), 7568 (few shells), 7571 (few), 7572 (few shells), 7573 (several living and shells), 7576 (1 shell), 7582 (few shells)*, 7583 (1), 7584 (1 shell), 7585 (sev- eral shells), 7587 (few shells), 7595 (shells), 7596 (1), 7610 (several shells), 7612 (several), 7614 (few shells), 7616 (several shells), 7617 (few shells), 7620 (1 shell), 7621 (1 shell), 7628 (1 shell), 7631 (few shells), 7633 ,7634 (many shells), 7635 (few shells), 7636 (few shells), 7637 (several shells), 7638 (few shells), 7640 (few shells), 7642 (1 living), 7643 (several shells), 7644 (many shells), 7645 (few shells), 7648 (few shells), 7651 (few shells), 7652 (few shells), 7563 (many shells), 7655 (few shells, 7656 (few shells), 7659 (few shells), 7660 (many shells), 7662 (few shells), 7663 (few living and shells), 7664, 7669 (few shells), 7671 (many shells), 7672 (many shells), 7673 (few shells), 7674 (many shells), 7675 (many shells), 7677 (1 small shell), 7678 (few living, few shells), 7681 (1 living and shells), 7682 (1 shell), 7688 (r living), 7697 (living and shells), 7701 (1 living, few shells), 7703 (several shells), 7707 (several), 7718 (1 lving), 7720 (1 shell), 7724 (several shells), 7725 (1 living), 7726 (2 shells), 7727 (1 living), 7730 (few), 7731 (many shells), 7732 (many living and shells), 7733 (many living and shells), 7734 (1 shell), 7736 (few living and shells), 7737 (few living and shells), 7738 (many living and shells), 7739 (many shells), 7741 (many shells), 7742 (1 living), 7744 (shells common), 7745 (several living), 7746 (many shells), 7747 (several living and shells), 7748 (1 living, many shells), 7749 (many), 7750 (many shells), 7751 (1), 7752 (few shells), 7753 (many shells), 7754 (several shells), 7755 (few shells), 7756 (few shells),* 7757 (many shells, few living), 7758 (many shells, few living), 7759 (very many shells), 7760 (common), 7762 (few shells), 7763 (few living), 7764 (few living and shells), 7765 (1 shell), 7766 (many shells), 7767 (few shells), 7768 (few shells and frag- 711 Anachis avara — Continued. ments), 7769 (1 shell), 7770 (several shells), 7771 (several shells), 7772 (few shells), 7774 (several shells), 7776 (several shells), 7777 (few shells), 7778 (few shells), 7779 (2 worn shells), 7780 (1 worn shell), 7782 (few shells), 7783 (few shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (many shells), 2 (many shells), 3 (many shells), 5 (many shells), 7 (many shells), 8 (many)*, 9 (1), 10 (many shells), 12 (several), 13 (com- mon), 14 (few), 15 (common), 16 (few shells), 17 (many shells), 18 (many shells and living), 20 (shells common), 21 (shells common), 22 (shells common), 23 (shells common), 24 (few), 25 (1 shell), 26 (few shells), 27 (few living), 28 (several), 29 (few living), 32 (few) 33 (several shells), 34 (several shells and living), 35 (sev- eral living), 36 (several living), 37 (few shells), 38 (1 living), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 45 (many living), 46 (many living), 48 (?), 49 (shells), 51 (few living), 52 (several shells), 53 (several shells), 56 (few), 58 (common), 59 (several shells), 60 (several shells), 62 (few), 63 (few), 64 (several), 65 (few shells), 66 (living and shells), 67 (2 liv- ing), 68 (several), 69 (few living), 70 (living), 71 (many living and shells), 72 (few shells and living), 73 (1 living), 74 (many living and shells), 75 (few living and shells), 76 (many shells), 77 (many), 78 (fewshells), 79 (common), 80, 81 (several shells), 82 (common), 83 (living and shells common), 84 (several living and shells), 85, 86, 87 (few shells), 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95’ 97> 9^> 99’ 100 (living and shells), 101, 102, 103, 104, 108, 109, no, in (shells), 112, 113, 114 (shells common), 115 (shells), 117 (few shells), 1 18 (few shells), 119 (few living and shells), 120 (shells), 121 (shells), 122 (fewshells) 123 (few shells), 124 (few shells), 125 (shells), 126 (few shells), 128 (2 shells), 130 (few living), 133 (shells), 134 (living and shells common), 135, 136 (few shells), 137 (few shells), 141 (few shells), 142 (1 shell), 144 (living and shells), 145 (several shells), 146 (few shells), 147 (sev- eral shells), 148 (few shells), 149 (several shells), 158 (1 shell), 160 (2 shells), 162 (1 shell), 163 (several shells), 165 (few shells), 166 (sev- eral shells), 167 (many shells). The eggs of this species are deposited in hemi- spherical white masses, from 1 to 2 mm. in diameter, which are of frequent occurrence, attached to various objects. For the identity of these eggs, we rely on the records of Mr. T. E. B. Pope, who observed several of the mollusks depositing them upon the egg cap- sules of Urosalpinx cinereus, July 7, 1911. 712 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Anachis avara similis (Ravenel). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 644 ( Anachis similis )‘ Dali, 1889, p. 116 ( Anachis avara, var. similis). “Abundant in Vineyard Sound,” according to Verrill. Dr. Dali regards this form as being merely a variety of A. avara. In the survey records the two have not been distinguished. Astyris lunata (Say). [Chart 170.] Gould, 1870, p. 359 ( Columbella lunata)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 645, 306, etc.; Verrill, i882d, p. 371; 1884; Dali, 1889, p. 118. Abundant and generally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay chiefly re- stricted to the inshore stations; dredged in 1 to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. — Sur- vey. This mollusk is equally abundant among algae growing on piles or upon rocks near shore. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (many), 7522 bis (1), 7524 bis (several), 7523 bis, 7526 (2 shells), 7530 bis (few shells), 7531 (5 water-worn shells), 7531 bis (few shells), 7536 bis (several shells), 7537 bis (many shells), 7538 bis (few), 7S39 bis, 7541 bis (common), 7543 bis (few), 7545 bis (many), 7547 bis (many shells), 7549 bis (few), 7550 bis (few), 7551 (several), 7551 bis (few), 7552 bis (few), 7553 bis (numerous shells), 7SS4 (1 shell), 7554 bis (few shells), 7555 (2 shells), 7556 bis (few shells), 7557 (many), 7558, 7560 (several), 7561 (1), 7563 bis (many shells), 7564, 7564 bis (many living and shells), 7565 bis (few shells), 7368 (1 shell), 7372 (several), 7576 (1), 7581 (several), 7582 (many), 7583 (1), 7589 (abundant, large and small), 7592 (few), 7593 (1), 7594, 7595 (few shells), 7599, 7602 (many shells), 7611, 7612 (fewshells), 7613 (1 shell), 7627 (1 small), 7630 (few), 7634, 7640 (1 shell), 7644 (2 shells), 7651, 7653 (few shells), 7636, 7637, 7659 (numerous shells), 7661 (few shells), 7671, 7672, 7674 (few shells), 7675 (fewshells), 7676(few), 7677, 7678, 7679 (few living), 7682 (few living), 7687, 7688 (1), 7697 (few living), 7698 (1 shell), 7699 (1), 7701 (few living), 7703 (many living), 7706 (few living), 7707 (few living), 7709 (1 shell), 7717 (few living), 7718 (few living), 7719 (few shells), 7720 (few living), 7721 (1 shell), 7722 (few shells), 7723 (few), 7724 (many living and shells), 7725 (several living), 7726 (several shells), 7727 (living), 7728 (few living and shells), 7729 (few living), 7730, 7731 (many liv- ing and shells), 7732 (few shells), 7733 (1 liv- ing), 7734 (several Shells), 7739 (1 shell), 7740 (fewshells), 7741 (1 living), 7742 (2 shells), 7743 (several living), 7744 (few), 7746 (several living Astyris lunata — Continued. and 1 shell), 7748 (few living and shells), 7749 (very many living), 7730 (few living), 7751 (few), 7753 (few shells), 7734 (many living), 7755 (few living and shells), 7756 (many living and shells), 7757 (many living), 7739 (many living and shells), 7760 (living and shells com- mon), 7761 (many living and shells), 7762 (many living), 7763 (scarce), 7764 (living com- mon), 7765 (few), 7766 (few), 7767 (many), 7768 (many living and shells), 7769 (few living), 7771 (few shells), 7772 (few), 7775 (few), 7776 (few shells), 7777 (many), 7779 (few), 7780 (liv- ing and shells common), 7781 (many shells), 7782 (few shells), 7783 (many shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (many), 2 (x living), 3 (few shells), 4 (few shells), 5 (few living), 6 (several shells), 7 (few), 9 (several shells), 10 (several), 11 (1), 13, 15 (few), 16 (few living), 17 (living and shells), 18 (many living), 20 (abundant on red algse), 21 (living common), 22 (abundant), 23 (few), 24 (few), 25 (living abundant), 26, 27 (many), 29 (1), 30 (many), 32 (few), 34 (common), 35 (1 shell), 36 (abundant), 37 (few living), 38 (living), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 44 (abundant), 43 (many living), 46 (very common), 47 (many living), 51 (few living), 32 (many living), 53 (few), 55 (few living), 56 (few), 57 (few), 58 (many), 59 (few), 60 (few shells), 62 (few), 63 (few), 65 (many), 67 (few shells), 68 (few), 69 (several shells), 73 (many), 74 (many), 75 (several liv- ing), 76 (few living), 77 (few), 78 (few shells), 79, 80 (fewshells), 81 (few), 82 (fewshells), 83, 84 (few), 86, 87 (few), 88 (1 shell), 89, 91, 92 (shells), 94, 96, 97, 99, 100 (shell), 101, 102, 103 (shells), 106, 108, no, 111 (few living), 112, 113, 115 (few shells), 116, 117 (many liv- ing), 1 18 (living and shells common), 119 (shells), 120 (shells), 121 (many shells), 122 (1 living), 123 (1 living), 129 (1), 130 (living common), 131 (few), 134 (common), 138 (1 shell), 140 (few shells), 141 (several living and shells), 144 (1 shell), 147 (x shell), 148 (2 shells), 155 (several shells,) 137 (1 shell), 158 (1 shell), 159 (1 shell), 161 (1 shell), 163 (1 living), 163 (1 living), 167 (1 shell, 1 living). Astyris rosacea (Gould). Gould, 1870, p. 357 ( Columbella rosacea; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 643, 308, etc. “Muddy bottoms off the open coast.” No defi- nite local records given by Verrill, though this region lies within the stated range of the species. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 713 Astyris zonalis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 645, 399, etc. Vineyard Sound, rare. — Verrill. Family Muricid.B. Eupleura caudaia (Say). [Chart 171.] Gould, 1870, p. 386 ( Ranella caudata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 642, 371, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 120. Vineyard Sound, etc., especially at Waquoit. — Verrill. Distribution very general through- out Buzzards Bay, though seldom numerous in any one dredge haul; in the Sound, much less common, and chiefly restricted to the in- shore stations. — Survey. Living specimens dredged in 3 to 13 fathoms, on various bottoms, with or without mud. Verrill records it as “living in considerable numbers in the shal- low ditches on the marshes.” Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (1 shell), 7602 (1 shell), 7611 (1), 7612 (several), 7613 (2), 7614 (shells and fragments), 7615 (few shells), 7616 (2 shells), 7617 (several shells), 7618 (several), 7619 (1 shell), 7620 (several living), 7621 (sev- eral shells), 7622 (many shells and living), 7623 (many shells), 7624 (many shells), 7625 (few shells), 7626 (1), 7627 (4 living), 7628 (few shells), 7629 (few living), 7630 (2), 7632 (few shells), 7633 (few), 7634 (few living and shells), 7637 (1 fragment), 7638 (few shells and living), 7639 (living and few shells), 7642 (x shell), 7643 (2 shells), 7644 (1 shell), 7645 (1 shell), 7646 (1 shell), 7648 (few shells), 7651 (few shells), 7635 (1 shell), 7660 (several shells), 7661 (several shells), 7662 (several shells), 7663 (several liv- ing), 7668 (few living), 7673 (1 shell), 7688 (1 shell), 7723 (1 shell), 7724 (1 small shell), 7736 (x living), 7778 (2 living), 7781 (1 living). Phalarope stations: 3 (several shells), 6 (1 large living), 19 (1 shell), 53 (2 living), 64 (1 shell), 63, 68 (1 shell), 76 (1 shell), 78 (1 shell), 80 (few shells), 81 (shells and 1 living), 82 (few shells), 83 (several shells), 84 (many shells), 91, 92, 93 (1 shell), 94, 93, 106, 107 (few shells), 108, 109, 110, 112, 1x3, 115 (1 shell), 118 (1 shell), 119 (1 shell), 122 (living and shells), 132 (few shells), 133 (1 shell), 136, 139 (1 shell), 140 (1 shell), 144 (few shells), 145 (few living and shells), 148 (several shells), 150 (several shells), 135 (1), 158 (1 living), 162 (several living), 163 (1 living), 163 (few shells), 167 (1 living). Urosalpinx cinereus (Say) . Oyster drill. [Chart 172.] Gould, 1870, p. 370 ( Buccinum cinereum ); Ver- rill and Smith, 1873, p. 641, 306, etc. ( Urosal- pinx cinerea ); Dali, 1889, p. 120. U rosalpinx cinereus — Continued. Distribution of shells general throughout the Sound and Bay; relatively seldom dredged alive in the Bay; living specimens dredged in 1 to 13 fathoms, preponderantly on stony and shelly bottoms, rare where mud is pres- ent.— Survey. Abundant as a littoral species, being frequently found in large numbers on rocks exposed at low tide. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (1), 7525 bis (1 frag- ment), 7327 (1), 7530 (1), 7530 bis (living and shells), 7332 (1), 7532 bis (1 fragment), 7333 bis (1 shell), 7534 (1), 7534 bis (2 broken shells), 7535 (*)> 7537 (few shells), 7538 (several shells and 1 living), 7543 (1), 7544 (1), 7545 (x), 7345 bis (several shells), 7346 bis (fragments), 7547 bis (few shells), 7549 bis (2 living), 7531 bis (1 shell), 7356 bis (few shells), 7563 bis (frag- ments), 7564 bis (few shells), 7565 bis (1 shell), 7570 (1 shell), 7576 (1 shell), 7577 (1 living), 7382 (few shells), 7587 (1 fragment), 7595 (few shells), 7596 (1 shell), 7602 (1 shell), 7610 (2 fragments), 7614 (2 shells), 7626 (1), 7627 (1), 7629 (1 living), 7634 (few shells), 7636 (1 shell), 7638 (1 shell), 7639 (shell), 7642 (1 shell), 7645 (several shells), 7651 (1 shell), 7660 (1 shell), 7661 (few shells), 7664 (few shells), 7666 (1 shell), 7667 (2 shells), 7675 (3 shells), 7694 (1 shell), 7699 (1 living), 7700 (1 living), 7701 (1 shell), 7702 (1 shell), 7703, 7731 (2 shells), 7732 (1 fragment), 7733 (1 living), 7734 (1 worn shell), 7736 (1 shell), 7738 (1 fragment), 7739 (1 living), 7741 (1 living, 1 shell), 7745 (1 liv- ing). 7752 (* small), 7753 (1 shell), 7755 (few shells), 7756 (1 small shell), 7757 (many liv- ing). 7758 (living and shells common), 7759 (few living and shells), 7764 (1 shell), 7767 (1 shell), 7771 (1 fragment), 7774 (few shells), 7776 (1 living), 7779 (1 fragment), 7782 (1 frag- ment), 7783 (1 shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (2 shells), 4 (1 shell), 5 (1 shell), 6 (1), 7 (2 shells), 8 (few shells), 13 (1 shell), 19 (2 shells), 21 (2), 22 (shells common), 24 (few), 26 (r shell), 28 (1), 3° (*)> 34 (2), 35 (1 fragment), 36 (few shells), 37 (few shells), 38 (living), 40 (few shells), 44 (2 shells), 45 (several living), 46 (many living), 47 (several living), 48, 31 (few living), 52 (few), 56 (few), 57 (many), 60 (several), 63 (1), 64 (1 fragment), 68 (1 shell), 69 (1 shell), 70 (1 liv- ing), 76 (? 1 fragment), 79, 81 (shells), 82 (1 shell), 83 (few shells), 84 (living), 85, 86, 87, 88 (1 shell), 91, 92 (shells), 98, 101 (1 shell), 107 (few shells), 108, no, in (living common), 113, 114 (few shells), 116, 117 (1 shell), 118 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 714 Urosalpinx cine reus — Continued. (several shells), 121 (living), 122 (few shells), 124 (shells), 126 (few shells), 128 (few shells), 129 (1 shell), 130 (few shells), 132, 136, 145 (few shells), 150 (few shells), 151 (2 shells), 155 (1 shell), 158 (few shells), 163 (1 shell), 164 (several living), 167 (few shells). The horny egg cases may be found attached to the under surface of stones, commonly in clus- ters. According to Dr. Bumpus’s statement, Urosalpinx was found breeding on May 21; oviposition being observed during several weeks in June. Mr. T. E. B. Pope found specimens laying eggs at Woods Hole on July 13; young were found hatching on July 27. This species perforates the shells of various living mollusks, hence the popular name of “drill.” It is of tenvery destructive to oys- ters. Thais lapillus (Linnaeus). Gould, 1870, p. 360 ( Purpura lapillus; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 642, 306, etc. ( Purpura lapillus)', Dali, 1889, p. 122 ( Purpura lapillus). Not very common nor generally distributed in this region. Recorded from rocky shores at Cuttyhunk, Nobska Point, and at Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole. Gay Head, at Blue Winstation 51 (many living specimens were here either dredged in shoal water or collected from rocks by hand). Eggs were taken at two stations (Fish Hawk 7707* and 7720*) in neighboring parts of the Sound. The egg cases of this species are similar to those of Urosalpinx. Mr. T. E. B. Pope observed individuals laying eggs at Woods Hole on July 13; young were found hatching on July 27. Family Scai,id.-E. Boreoscala grcenlandica (Perry). Gould, 1870, p. 314 ( Scalaria grcenlandica; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 660 ( Scalaria grcenlandica)', Dali, 1889, p. 124 ( Scala grcenlandica). South Shoals off Nantucket. — Agassiz, Stimpson. Crab Eedge; Buzzards Bay, near West Fal- mouth Harbor (latter possibly an erroneous record) .—Survey . Fish Hawk stations: 7603 (2 shells)*, 7604 (1 liv- ing), 7605 (1), 7607 (1), 7609 (1 shell). Phalarope station 133 ( 1 shell, thus identified by R. C. Osbum). Epitonium multistriatum (Say). Stimpson, 1851 ( Scalaria multistriata ); Gould, 1870, p. 313 ( Scalaria multistriata)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 660, 418, etc. ( Scalaria multi- striata)', Dali, 1889, p. 122 ( Scala multistriata). Buzzards Bay. — Stimpson. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. — Gould, Verrill, Survey. Recorded from Fish Hawk station 7532 bis (1 small shell), and Phalarope stations 91 and 96; 3 to 9 fathoms. (All identified by R. C. Osbum). Epitonium dallianum (Verrill & Smith). Dali, 1889, p. 124. Sound shore of Pasque Island, at Phalarope sta- tion 23*. Epitonium lineatum (Say). Stimpson, 1851; Gould, 1870, p. 312 ( Scalaria lineata)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 660, 418, etc. ( Scalaria lineata)', Dali, 1889, p. 124 ( Scala lineata). Buzzards Bay. — Stimpson. New Bedford and vicinity. — Gould. Vineyard Sound and Buz- zards Bay. — Verrill, Survey. Phalarope stations: 7 (1 shell)*, 81*, 141 (2 shells)*, 144 (1 shell.) Epitonium sp. (undetermined). Fish Hawk station 7532 bis (1); Phalarope sta- tions: 123 (1 shell), 159 (1). Family Janthinid^;. Janthina fragilis Lamarck. Stimpson, 1851, p. 32 (Janthina fragilis), Gould, 1870, p. 277; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 660. “Occasionally cast ashore at Nantucket.” — Stimpson. Family Fulimid.e. Eulima oleacea Kurtz & Stimpson. Stimpson, 1851; Gould, 1870, p. 332; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 655, 418, etc. Buzzards Bay. — Stimpson. “Vineyard Sound . . . not uncommon on Thyone briareus, in 4 to 10 fathoms. ” — Verrill. Appears "to live as a quasi parasite or ‘commensal. ’ ” Specimens of Eulima from various local points were referred by us to Messrs. Dali and Bartsch, and were unhesitatingly identified by them as E. conoidea (see below). It is possible, there- fore, that the foregoing records really relate to the following species. On the other hand, Stimpson himself lists E. oleacea from Buzzards Bay. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OB WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 715 Eulima conoidea Kurtz & Stimpson. [Chart 173.] Dali, 1889, p. 126 (Hatteras to West Indies). Taken by the Survey at a few scattered stations in the eastern half of Vineyard Sound; like- wise at widely distant points in Buzzards Bay; dredged in 3 to 13 fathoms, on various bottoms (mainly shells). Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (2 shells)*, 7528 (1 shell), 7537 bis, 7549 bis (1), 7755 (x shell and 1 fragment), 7757 (x shell), 7772 (1 shell). Plialarope stations: 79 (few shells), 116, 144 (1 shell), 147 (1 living). Stilifer stimpsoni Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 655, 460 ( Stylifer Stimpsoni; no local records); Dali, 1889, p. 126; Sumner, 1908, p. 319. A number of specimens found upon the surface of a “green urchin” ( Strongylocentrotus droe- bachiensis), taken in Vineyard Sound at a repe- tition of Fish Hawk station 7592*, August 23, 1907; 4 large specimens found upon the same species of echinoid, July 29, 1908, in the neigh- borhood of Fish Hawk station 7593. Family Pyramidellid.-tj. Pyramidella producta (Adams). Adams, 1840, p. 322 ( Jaminia producta ); Gould, 1870, p. 325 ( Odostomia producta)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 656, 333, etc. ( Odostomia pro- ducta); Bartsch, 1909, p. 72. Fairhaven. — Adams. Vineyard Sound. — Verrill. Woods Hole [region]. — Bartsch. Pyramidella fusca (Adams). Adams, 1839, p. 282 ( Pyramis fusca); Gould, 1870, p. 325 ( Odostomia fusca); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 656, 307, etc. (Odostomia f usca) ; Bartsch, 1909, p. 73. New Bedford, Dartmouth. — Adams. Fair- haven, New Bedford, Woods Hole, Naushon Island. — Bartsch. Pyramidella bartschi Winkley. Winkley, 1909, p. 40 (sp. nov.). A single specimen from Woods Hole. Turbonilla stricta Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 659 (sp. nov.; only recorded from Long Island Sound), Bartsch, 1909, p. 76. Woods Hole [region], Naushon Island, a number of specimens listed by Dr. Bartsch. Turbonilla nivea (Stimpson). Gould, 1870, p. 331 (not listed for this region); Baitsch, 1909, p. 77. Dredged by the Survey near Round Hill Point, at Fish Hawk station 7659]:; Gay Head at Phalarope station Got ; Bay shore of Naushon, at Phalarope station 91 J. Various specimens from this region, in National Museum and else- where, likewise recorded by Bartsch. Turbonilla cequalis (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 659 (T. equalis); Ver- rill, 1882a, p. 537; Bartsch, 1909, p. 78. “Vineyard Sound, 6 to 8 fathoms.” — Verrill. ? Turbonilla verrilli Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 82 (sp. nov.). “The type, cat. no. 94826a U. S. National Museum, comes from Marthas Vineyard, Mass.” (This may really mean off Marthas Vineyard, at a considerable depth.) Turbonilla vinea; Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 83 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole [region], many specimens in United States National Museum and elsewhere cata- logued by Bartsch. Dredged by the Survey in Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk stations 7649$ and 7656]: and Phalarope station 78$. Turbonilla elegantula Verrill. Verrill, 1872, p. 282 (T. elegans); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 657, 418, etc. (T . elegans ); Verrill, 1882c, p. 538; Bartsch, 1909, p. 84. “Vineyard Sound, 6 to 10 fathoms.” — Verrill. Eel Pond, Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound. — Bartsch. Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk sta- tions 7634]; and 7651!. — Survey. Turbonilla areolata Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 658 (sp. nov., not listed for this region); Verrill, 1882c, p. 537, Bartsch, 1909, p. 86. Vineyard Sound, 2 to 8 fathoms. — Verrill. Woods Hole [region]. — Bartsch. Near Had- ley Harbor, at Phalarope station 12c], one specimen. — Survey. Turbonilla interrupta (Totten). Adams, 1839, p. 275 (Turritella interrupta); Gould, 1870, p. 331; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 657, 418, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 128; Bartsch., 1909, p. 87. Dartmouth. — Adams. Newport Harbor. — Tot- ten. “ Quite common in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in 3 to 10 fathoms.” — Verrill. Woods Hole [region], — Bartsch. Recorded 716 bulletin oe the bureau oe fisheries. T urbonilla interrupta — Continued. from a few scattered stations both in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, at 2 to 17 fathoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7564 bis, 7623 (the foregoing thus identified by R. C. Osbum), 7686}, 7710]:, 7725t- Phalarope stations: 91, 157 (both identified by Dr. Osbum). Turbonilla mighelsi Bartsch. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 658 ( Turbonilla cos- tulata; not listed for this region); Verrill, 1882a, p. 537 ( T . costulata ); Bartsch, 1909, p. 88 (nom. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 1 to 5 fathoms. — Verrill. Woods Hole. — Bartsch. Turbonilla buleonis Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 89 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole [region], several records. Turbonilla winkleyi Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 90 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole [region], many records given by Bartsch. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Buzzards Bay; recorded twice for Vineyard Sound; 2 to 17 fathoms, on more or less muddy bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (? several shells), 7612 (?), 7617 (?), 7647 (few shells)]:, 7650!, 7656]:, 7657!, 7660]:, 7661}, 7663]:, 7686]:. Phalarope stations: 78$, 119 (several)]:, 120]:, 1 55t- Turbonilla winkleyi senilis Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 92 (var. nov.). Woods Hole [region], several specimens cata- logued by Dr. Bartsch. Turbonilla sumneri Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 93 (sp. nov.). Type specimen from Woods Hole [region]. Later more than a dozen specimens (identified by Dr. Bartsch) were taken in the Eel Pond by Rev. H. W. Winkley. Turbonilla rathbuni Verrill & Smith. Dali, 1889, p. 128; Bartsch, 1909, p. 94. Dredged once at the head of Buzzards Bay (Pha- larope station 154]:). Listed by Bartsch from Woods Hole [region] and from Newport. Turbonilla sp. sp. (undetermined). Many specimens referable to species of this genus were taken at the following stations. A large proportion of them are listed as undetermined, owing to ambiguities in the records ; others were referred to Messrs. Dali and Bartsch, but were not sufficiently well preserved for identifica- tion. Turbonilla — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7528 (1 shell), 7531 (2 shells) 7563 bis, 7583 (1), 7602 (3 shells), 7622, 7626, 7639, 7649, 7652, 7653, 7656, 7657, 7662, 7664, 7707 (1 shell), 7709, 7710 (1 living and 1 shell), 7723 (several shells), 7724 (1 fragment), 7726, 7727 (1 living, 2 shells), 7728 , 7729, 7731, 7734 (1 much worn shell), 7741, 7744 (fragment), 7746 (1 shell), 7748 (1 shell), 7753 (several shells), 7756 (2 shells), 7764 (2 shells), 7771 (1 worn shell). Phalarope stations: 17, 18, 19, 62, 65 (1), 70 (sev- eral shells), 72 (2 living), 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 89, 90, 91, 92 (shells), 96, 100 (living and shells), 107 (few living), 108, no, 113, 115 (1), 116, 117, 118, 119 (many living), 120 (living and shells), 121, 123, 124, 125, 126 (several living), 127, 132, 138 (several shells), 141, 142, 144, 147 (1 shell), 151 (living, shells), 152 (1 shell), 159 (3 shells), 162 (2), 165 (several), 166 (several shells), 167 (1). Odostomia seminuda (Adams). Adams, 1839, p. 280 (Jaminia seminuda); Gould, 1870, p. 329; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 657, 418, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 130; Bartsch, 1909, p. 97. Dartmouth. — Adams. “Common in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in 2 to rof athoms. ’ ’ — Verrill. Recorded by Bartsch from various local points. Dredged by the Survey at a few scattered stations in both the Bay and the Sound, at 2 to 7 fathoms; likewise collected at Vineyard Haven.* Fish Hawk stations: 7634*, 7651*; Blue Wing station 20 (1 shell); Phalarope station 30 (1 shell). Odostomia bushiana Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 99 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. Odostomia hendersoni Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 101 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole [region], type and three other speci- mens listed by Bartsch. Odostomia impressa (Say). Bartsch, 1909, p. 103. New Bedford. — Stimpson, cited by Bartsch. Odostomia trifida (Totten). Gould, 1870, p. 328; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 656, 307, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 130; Bartsch, 1909, p. 104. New Bedford Harbor. — Adams. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, common; found be- neath rocks, among hydroids, bryozoa, etc.; also listed for piles, etc., and for gravelly and BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 717 Odostomia trifida — Continued. shelly bottoms. — Verrill. “Woods Hole,” New Bedford, Weepecket Island. — Bartsch. One small shell, thus identified with doubt by Dr. Bartsch, was taken at Fish Hawk station 7679. Odostomia bisuturalis (Say). Gould, 1870, p. 327 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 656, 307, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 130; Bartsch, 1909, p. 106. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, not uncom- mon.— Verrill. Specimens from many local points catalogued by Bartsch. Odostomia modesia (Stimpson). Bartsch, 1909, p. 108. Woods Hole [region], two records by Bartsch. ? Odostomia dealbata Stimpson. Gould, 1870, p. 327; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 656. No definite local records, though this region lies within the stated range of the species. Couihouyella striatula (Couthouy). Bartsch, 1909, p. no. Buzzards Bay. Family Triforid.E. Triforis nigrocinctus Stimpson. Gould, 1870, p. 323; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 648, 305, etc.; Verrill, 1882 d, p. 371; 1884. Dartmouth Harbor. — Adams, cited by Gould. “Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 2 to 12 fathoms, not uncommon;” also mentioned as occurring on weeds between tides, as well as in other habitats. — Verrill. Apparently scarce except as a littoral and shallow water form. Recorded but once by the survey (Fish Hawk station 7701*). Family Cerithiopsid.e. Seila terebralis (Adams). [Chart 175.] Adams, 1840, p. 320 ( Cerithium terebrale)', Gould, 1870, p. 389 ( Cerithiopsis terebralis)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 648, 417, etc. ( Cerithiopsis tere- bralis), Dali, 1889, p. 138. New Bedford. — Adams. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. — Verrill. Eastern half of Vine- yard Sound; inshore stations and upper end of Buzzards Bay, scarce; dredged in 2 to 13 fath- oms, on very various bottoms. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7549 bis (1 small fragment), 7552 bis*, 7628 (1), 7631 (1 shell), 7633 (1 shell), 7634(1), 7635 (1 shell), 7671, 7757 (1 shell), 7778 (1 shell), 7780 (1 shell). Seila terebralis — Gontinued. Phalarope stations: 8 (1), no (1 shell), 121 (2 living), 126 (1 shell), 132 (1 shell), 133 (1 shell), 144 (1), 145 (several living and shells), 147 (1), 148 (living and shells common), 150 (1), 155 (2 shells), 157 (1), 164 (1 shell)* 167 (several shells)*. Cerithiopsis greenii (Adams). Adams, 1839, p. 286 ( Cerithium greenii)-, Gould 1870, p. 322 ( Bittium greenii)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 647, 383, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 138. Dartmouth Harbor. — Adams. ‘ ‘ Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 3 to 10 fathoms. ’’—Verrill. Cerithiopsis emersonii Adams. [Chart 176.] Gould, 1870, p. 387; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 648, 417, etc. Nantucket and New Bedford. — Adams, cited by Gould. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. — Verrill. Vineyard Sound, chiefly in the east- ern half; in Buzzards Bay, fairly common, but for the most part restricted to inshore stations; dredged in 2 to 13 fathoms, on every sort of bot- tom, but never taken in large numbers. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (1)*, 7538 bis (1 shell), 7543 (1 shell), 7554 bis (1 shell), 7572 (r shell), 7629 (1 shell), 7632 (1 shell), 7634 (2), 7635 (2 shells), 7659 (x shell), 7674 (1 fragment), 7753 (1 shell), 7767 (1 shell fragment), 7770, 7777 (1 shell), 7782 (1 shell), Phalarope stations: 2 (1), 6 (1 shell), 52 (1 shell), 71 (1 shell), 80, 81 (1) 82 (1 shell), 84 (2), 85 (1 shell), 9T, 96, 97, 108, no, 120 (shells), 123 (1 shell), 145 (living and shells), 147 (few), 148 (1 shell), 149 (1 living), 150 (1 shell), 152 (1 shell), 158 (4 shells), 159 (1 shell), 163 (2 frag- ments), 167 (1). Family Cerithiid^. Bittium alternatum (Say). [Chart 177.] Gould, 1870, p. 321 ( Bittium nigrum)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 648, 305, etc. ( Bittium nigrum)', Dali, 1889, p. 140. Nantucket. — Gould. Vineyard Sound and Buz- zards Bay. — Verrill. More frequent in the Bay than in the Sound, and in both cases mainly restricted to inshore stations; seldom dredged at depths greater than 5 fathoms. — Survey. Recorded as abundant at nearly all points where shore collecting was carried on. Fish Hawk stations: 7552 bis*, 7724*, 7762 (1 shell), 7778 (2 shells), 7781 (1 shell). 718 bulletin op the bureau op fisheries. Bittium alternatum — Continued. Phalarope stations: 8, 17, 25*, 73, 82*, 87, 91, 92*, 95, 96 (many), 97, 101 (1 shell), 105 (shells), 107 (few shells), 108, 109, no, 117 (living and shells), 118 (1 shell), 119 (1 shell), 120 (shells), 121 (few shells), 122 (1 shell), 126 (1 shell), 129, 130 (many living), 131 (abundant), 133 (1 shell), 134 (few), 136, 138 (1 shell), 141 (few), 142 (1 shell), 143 (1 shell), 144 (several shells), 147 (1), 148 (x shell), 152 (1 shell), 158 (1), 159 (1 shell), 161 (1 shell). Family C.ECID.E. Ccecum pulchellum Stimpson. Stimpson, 1831; Gould, 1870, p. 315; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 649, 417, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 142. New Bedford Harbor. — Stimpson. “Vineyard Sound, 1 to 4 fathoms, and dead on shore at Nobslca beach. ” — Verrill. Buzzards Bay, at a number of stations along the eastern shore; dredged in 3 to 7 fathoms on bottoms of sand and gravel. — Survey. Phalarope stations: 91*, 92 (1 living), 109 (1 shell), 110, 116 (many)*, 117 (1 living), 118 (1), 134 (1 living), 135 (1 living). Ccecum johnsoni Winkley. Winkley, 1908, p. 54. “Dredged at Woods Hole, Mass., on gravel bot- tom in 2 to 3 fathoms.’’ Ccecum coo peri Smith. [Chart 178.] Verrill, 1872, p. 283 ( Ccecum costatum ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 649, 417, etc. ( Caecum cooperi and C. costatum)', Verrill, 1882a, p. 525; Dali, 1889, p. 142. “Vineyard Sound, 8 to 10 fathoms.’’ — Verrill. Taken at a number of inshore stations in Buz- zards Bay, and two in Vineyard Sound; dredged in 3 to 7 fathoms, chiefly on bottoms of sand and gravel. — .Survey. Phalarope stations: 33 (several living)*, 52, 91*, 100, 102, 108 (living), 117 (2 shells), 123 (2 shells), 133 (2 shells), 133 (2 living), 135, 140 (r shell), 141 (common), 146 (x). Family VERMETimE. Vermicularia spirata Philippi. [Chart 179.] Stimpson, 1851, p. 39 ( Vermetus radicula); Gould 1870, p. 316 ( Vermetus radicula ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 649, 417 ( Vermetus radicula)', Dali, 1889, p. 144. New Bedford Harbor. — Gould. “Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 3 to 10 fathoms, not uncommon.” — Verrill. Common in Great Vermicularia spirata — Continued . Harbor, Woods Hole.— V. N. Edwards. By the Survey taken chiefly in the eastern half of Vineyard Sound, and near the shores of Buz- zards Bay; dredged in 3 to 13 fathoms, chiefly on bottoms of gravel and sand; in nearly all cases empty shells. Fish Hawk stations: 7531 (1 shell), 7534 (1 shell), 7535 bis (1 shell), 7536 (10 shells), 7537 bis (many shells, mostly broken), 7541 bis (several shells), 7546 bis, 7552 bis, 7556 bis (few shells), 7557 (1), 7563 (? 1 broken shell), 7563 bis (few shells), 7614 (few fragments), 7630 (few fragments), 7643 (1 shell), 7659, 7730 (1 shell), 7748 (many shells), 7750 (1 shell), 7752 (1 shell), 7753 (1 small shell), 7757 (1 shell), 7759 (1 shell), 7760 (1 shell), 7763 (1 small shell), 7764 (many small shells), 7767 (few shells), 7768 (2 shells). Phalarope stations: 1 (1 shell), 6 (2 tips), 7 (1), 8 (shells and living), 9 (1), 11 (1), 42 (few shells), 62 (2), 63 (several shells), 69 (1), 70 (1 shell), 74 (1), 76 (1), 77 (few shells), 83 (sev- eral shells), 84 (1 shell), 91, 92, 96, 97, 108, 109, no, 1 15 (shells common), 120 (shells), 123 (shells), 134 (1 shell), 141 (few shells), 146 (2 shells), 160 ( 1 fragment ?). Eggs “deposited in July ... in an advanced stage of development.” — Stimpson. Family Littorinid^. Littorina irrorata Say. Gould, 1870, p. 311 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 651, 372; Dali; 1889, p. 146. “Vineyard Sound, sparingly;” found on muddy shores; it “may have been introduced from farther south with oysters.” — Verrill. Littorina rudis Maton. Gould, 1870, p. 304 ( Littorina rudis), p. 306 (L. tenebrosa)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 651, 305; Dali, 1889, p. 146. Distribution general along stony shores through- out the region, commonly associated with L. litorea and L. palliata. Unlike the latter spe- cies, however, it is, in such localities, usually found upon the rocks themselves and seldom upon the rockweeds attached to them. Lit- torina rudis has a wide range of habitat, being found upon the surf-beaten bowlders at Gay Head, as well as upon eelgrass in Great Pond, where the water is somewhat brackish. It is strictly littoral, however, and hence even the shells are seldom dredged. BIOLOGICAL/ SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 719 Littorina rudis — Continued. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 20 (1 shell), 22 (1 shell), 44 (1 shell), 45 (1 shell), 48, 51 (sev- eral living, perhaps not taken by dredge), 52 (1 living and 2 shells), 60 (1 shell), 94. This species is viviparous. Dr. M. T. Thomp- son states that the eggs are carried throughout the year. Littorina palliata Say. Gould, 1870, p. 309 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1870, pp. 632, 305, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 146. Abundant and of general distribution along the shores throughout the region, though not re- corded among the species dredged. This mol- lusk is seldom found locally except upon the common rockweeds ( Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum) , where it is sometimes extremely abundant. It is very variable as to color and form, and might readily be regarded as belonging to a number of distinct species. According to the observations of Dr. Sumner, the eggs are laid in small patches of clear, stiff jelly, which are deposited upon the weeds. These are abundant all through the summer, and are, perhaps, to be found throughout the entire year, having been taken as early as March 14 (1908) and as late as November 30 (1907). A veliger stage is passed through while in the capsule, and the young which emerges from the latter is practically adult except as to size. Littorina litorea (Linnaeus). European periwinkle. [Chart 180. j Gould, 1870, p. 308 (listed only from Halifax); Verrill, 1880a, p. 251; Ganong, 1886, p. 935; 1889; M. T. Thompson, 1899, p. 582. (It is striking to note that this species is not even mentioned by Verrill and Smith, 1873.) Enormously abundant on shores, between tide marks; commoner among rocks, but of almost universal occurrence as a littoral species. The shells are frequently dredged, even in the deeper waters of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, whither they have doubtless in most cases been transported by hermit crabs. This species, which seems to have been originally European, “was first reported from Halifax in 1857 by Mr. John Willis, but Sir William Daw- son states that he collected it in the southern part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence earlier than this, and Prof. E. S. Morse received it from Bathurst in 1855. It was found near St. John by Mr. G. F. Matthew in 1861 or 1862. It was unknown on the coast of New England prior to 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2 — -13 12 Littorina litorea — Continued. 1868, but has since spread southward very rapidly, reaching Casco Bay about 1873, Cape Cod in 1875, New Haven, Conn., in 1879.” — Ganong. “In 1872 it was very rare at Prov- incetown, Mass., but in 1875 it was common there. In 1875 it was collected by the writer at Barnstable, Mass., on the shores of Cape Cod Bay, in large quantities. In 1879 it had be- come exceedingly abundant at Provincetown. In 1875 our parties found two specimens only on the southern shores of Cape Cod, at Woods Hole, but in 1876 it was found to be common there, and is now very abundant.” — Verrill. Fish Hawk stations: 7321 bis (1), 7525, 7525 bis (1), 7526 (several shells), 7533 bis (1 shell), 7534 (1 shell), 7538 (1 shell), 7541 bis (1 shell), 7542 (few shells), 7543 (few shells), 7544 (few shells), 7549 bis (1 shell), 7550 bis (1 shell), 7551 bis (1 shell), 7353 bis (1 shell), 7554 (sev- eral shells), 7559 (1 shell), 7560 (2 shells), 7579 (1 shell), 7602 (2 shells), 7610 (1 fragment), 7613 (several shells), 7614 (1 shell), 7615 (few), 7616 (1 shell), 7617 (several shells), 7619, 7621 (1 shell), 7622 (1 shell), 7623 (1), 7630 (few shells), 7632 (few shells), 7633 (1), 7634 (few living and shells), 7636 (several shells), 7638 (1 shell), 7640 (2 shells), 7644 (few fragments), 7645 (few shells), 7648 (few), 7650 (1 fragment of shell), 7632 (1 fragment), 7653 (1 shell), 7656 (1 shell), 7659 (few shells), 7661 (1 shell), 7662 (1 shell), 7663 (1 shell), 7741 (1 shell) 7761 (1 shell), 7762 (1 shell), 7769 (1 shell), 7770 (1 shell), 7774 (1 shell), 7776 (1 shell), 7779 (r shell), 7781 (3 shells), 7782 (1 shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (1 frag- ment), 2 (1 shell), 3 (several shells), 5 (1 shell), 6 (several shells), 7 (few shells), 13 (2 shells), 18 (2 shells), 22 (shells common), 28 (several), 29 (1), 30 (1 large), 33 (several shells), 50 (shells), 53 (1 shell), 61 (1), 68 (1 shell), 71 (few shells), 72 (few shells), 78 (shells), 79 (few shells), 80 (few shells), 81 (several), 82 (sev- eral shells), 83 (1 shell), 84 (few shells), 88 (1 shell), 89, 92 (shells), 93 (2), 94, 95, 97, 98, 103, 104, 109, no, 116, 117 (x shell), 118 (several shells), 1 19 (few shells), 120 (living and shells), 122 (many shells), 123 (few shells), 124 (shells), 125 (several shells), 126 (few shells), 127 (few shells), 128 (few shells), 129 (shells), 130 (few shells), 132, 133 (shells), 135 (1 shell), 136, 137 (few shells), 138 (1 shell), 139 (1 fragment), 140 (few shells), 141 (few shells), 142 (several), 145 (several shells), 149 (common), 150 (few shells), 153 (1 shell), 154 (1 shell), 158 (few shells), 160 720 bulletin of the bureau of FISHERIES Littorina litorea — Continued. (i fragment), 161 (i fragment), 163 (1 shell), 164 (2 shells), 165 (2 shells). Gonads ripe, commencing middle of June; veli- gers noted latter part of August and early Sep- tember; young 1 mm. in length taken off Nobska Point, September 20. — M. T. Thomp- son. This valuable mollusk is entirely neglected on our shores; in some parts of Europe it forms an important item of food. Lacuna puteola Turton. [Chart 181 .] Vineyard Sound, abundant, chiefly at the in- shore stations; in Buzzards Bay almost wholly confined to the neighborhood of the Elizabeth Islands; dredged in 1 to 17 fathoms, chiefly at depths less than 8 fathoms, and almost ex- clusively on non-muddy bottoms. — Survey. This species is often associated with Astyris lunata. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (2)*, 7549 bis (1), 7557 (many), 7560 (several), 7572 (several), 7582 (few), 7583, 7589 (1 living), 7593 (3 shells), 7595 (several), 7596, 7602 (many shells), 7719*, 7720*, 7730 (2 shells), 7731 (1 shell), 7761 (1 shell), 7764 (many shells), 7767 (shells com- mon), 7771 (1 shell), 7778 (2 shells), 7779 (1 shell), 7781 (few shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 17 (few), 20 (abundant among algae), 22 (many living), 23 (1 shell), 25 (few living), 27 (1 shell), 28 (1 shell), 29 (few), 30 (1), 32 (few), 33 (few living), 34 (few), 36 (few), 37 (few living), 38 (few shells), 40 (1 shell), 42 (few shells), 44 (abun- dant), 46 (many living), 47 (very common liv- ing), 48, 50 (few), 51*, 52 (few shells), 53 (few), 55, 57 (few), 58 (few living), 60 (few shells), 62 (1), 64 (1 shell), 65 (few), 66 (1), 67 (1 shell), 69, 72, 73 (abundant), 74 (many), 75 (several), 82 (1 shell), 87 (few),* 90, 91, 92 (shells), 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105 (shells), 112, 113 (1 shell), 114 (1), 116, 117 (1), 118 (1 shell), 121 (few living), 129(1), 130 (common), 131 (abundant). Lacuna vincta (Montagu). Gould, 1870, p. 302 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 652, 305, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 146. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, Sheep Pen Cove, Tarpaulin Cove, Cedar Tree Neck, Gay Head, Sow and Pigs Reef. Found among algae and eelgrass near low-water mark. Ver- rill states that this species occurs at depths of 4 or 5 fathoms, but this is certainly not usual locally, for it was recorded from only four of the survey dredging stations. Lacuna vincta — Continued. Fish Hawk station 7557 bis; Blue Wing stations: 47 and 51; Phalarope station in. Taken in the act of spawning during February and March; the eggs have likewise been found December 10. These are inclosed in ring- shaped masses of jelly, commonly having a somewhat greenish tint. — Edwards, Sumner. Lacuna sp. (undetermined). Fish Hawk stations: 7721 (young), 7725. Family Lmopime. Litiopa melanostoma Rang. Verrill, 1882a, p. 523 ( Litiopa bombix; not listed for this region); Dali, 1889, p. 148 ( Litiopa bombix). Menemsha Bight, on gulf weed.* Family RiSSOiDiS. Rissoa arenaria (Mighels). Fish Hawk station 7718* (off Gay Head, 14 fath- oms, sand and shells). Rissoa exarata Stimpson. Gould, 1870, p. 301 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 654, 495; Dali, 1889, p. 148. “Rocky bottoms off the open coast,” rare; a northern species. — Verrill. Not specifically recorded for this region, though the latter lies within the stated range of the species. Rissoa stimpsoni Smith. Verrill, 1882a, p. 523. Woods Hole. Cingula minuta (Totten). Gould, 1870, p. 289 ( Rissoa minuta; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 653, 383, etc. ( Littorinella minuta). “ Brackish and muddy shores of . . . Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound . . .” — Verrill. South arm of West Falmouth Harbor, between tides. (Collected by Cole, identified by Dali and Bartsch.) Dredged in Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7550 bis (probably an empty shell). Verrill states that this species forms much of the food of certain small fishes and aquatic birds. Cingula aculeus Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 299 ( Rissoa aculeus; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 654, 306, etc. ( Rissoa aculeus)-, Dali, 1889, p. 148 ( Rissoa aculeus). Vineyard Sound, on algse and under stones, along rocky shores; likewise on piles, etc., in brackish water. — Verrill. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 721 Skenea planorbis Fabricius. Gould, 1870, p. 296 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 655, 383; Verrill, 1878, p, 211; 1882c, p. 550; Dali, 1889, p. 150. Cuttyhunk Island. — Verrill. Listed for rocky shores; also for piles, etc. Family AssiminEid.®. Assiminea modesta (Lea). Verrill, 1884a, p. 253. Newport. Assiminea gray ana Leach. Verrill, 1882c, p. 525. Among decaying seaweeds, at high-water mark, between tides, at Newport (1880). Family TruncateijjD/E. Truncatella truncaiula (Drapamaud). Verrill, 1882c, p. 525. Considerable numbers taken on decaying sea- weeds, at high-water mark, among docks at Newport, 1880. Family Calyptr/Eid/E. Crucibulum striatum (Say). [Chart 182.] Gould, 1870, p. 275 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 651, 399, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 152. “Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 3 to 12 fathoms, not uncommon.” — Verrill. Western end of Vineyard Sound, beyond Quicks Hole, fairly frequent; Bay side of Sow and Pigs Reef, 1 station. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7382 (1 shell), 7585 (2 shells, 1 living), 7391 (6 shells), 7592 (1 shell), 7598 (many living; some on Venericardia shells), 7664 (few living on Astarte ), 7679 (1 shell), 7680 (1 living), 7682 (1 living and shell), 7688 (1 living), 7698 (several living), 7699 (1 living), 7700 (2 shells), 7702 (1 living), 7706 (2 living and shells), 7708 (1 small shell), 7709 (1 shell), 7719 (1 small shell). Phalarope station 59 (1 shell). Crepidula fornicata Lamarck. Boat shell. [Chart 183.] Gould, 1870, p.271; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 649, 417, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 152; Conklin, 1897, p. 14; Mead, 1898, p. 703; Bumpus, 1898b, p. 857; Sumner, 1910, fig. 22. Abundant and of general distribution through- out the entire region; living specimens dredged rather more frequently in the Sound than in the Bay, being taken in 2 to 19 fathoms, on very varied bottoms. Extensive beds, composed very largely of shells of this species, Crepidula fornicata — Continued. occur in Vineyard Sound. This mollusk is perhaps most frequently encountered on the shells of hermit crabs. It is likewise usually present on the carapace of Limulus; sometimes on rocks or piles, or merely clinging to others of the sdme species. In the last case a consid- erable number may adhere in series, forming a sort of chain. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few ’shells), 7521 bis (many shells), 7523 (few shells), 7524 (many large), 7524 bis (many large living), 7525 (1 shell), 7525bis (few shells), 7526 (several), 7527 (few small), 7528 (few), 7530 (many with eggs), 7530 bis (many shells), 7531 (many shells), 7532 (few small shells), 753 3 (several shells), 7535 (few shells), 7536 (1 shell), 7536 bis (few shells), 7537 (1 shell), 7338 (few shells), 7540 (few shells), 7541 (few shells), 7542 bis (few shells), 7543 (few shells), 7544 (1 shell), 7343 bis (few fragments), 7546 (few shells), 7546 bis (many shells), 7547 bis (many shells), 7548 (few shells), 7549 bis (few living, on Polynices heros), 7551 (living and shells), 7551 bis (few living and shells), 7552 (many living and shells), 7552 bis (few shells), 7553 bis (few shells), 7554 (many small living), 7554 bis (few shells), 7555 (few on mussels), 7556 (many on shells), 7556 bis (many shells), 7557 (few on shells of Polynices heros and P. duplicata) , 7558 (1 shell) 7559 (many living), 7560 (several shells), 7561 (few shells), 7562 (few shells), 7562 bis (few shells), 7363 (many), 7563 bis (few shells), 7564 (few), 7564 bis (living and shells), 7565 (few shells), 7565 bis (1 shell), 7366 (many shells), 7567 (many shells), 7568 (many shells), 7569 (few shells), 7369 bis (few shells and fragments), 7571 (few shells), 7572 (few shells), 7574 (few shells), 7575 (few shells), 7576 (many living and shells), 7377 (many shells, few living), 7378 (few living, many shells), 7579 (few), 7580 (several shells), 7581 (few living), 7582 (several), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (few), 7583 (several shells), 7587 (many shells), 7588 (many shells), 7591 (few shells), 7592 (few living and shells), 7593 (few shells), 7595 (many shells), 7596 (several shells), 7597 (many shells, few living), 7598 (many shells), 7599 (few shells), 7602 (few shells), 7610 (sev- eral shells), 7613 (several fragments), 7614 (few shells), 7615 (several shells), 7616 (few shells), 7617 (many living and shells), 7619 (few shells) 7620 (many shells), 7621 (very many shells), 7623 (few shells), 7624 (very many shells), 7625 (very many shells), 7626 (very many shells) 722 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Crepidula fornicata — Continued. 7627 (many shells), 7628 (very abundant), 7629 (very many shells), 7630 (many shells), 7631 (very abundant), 7632 (several shells), 7633 (many shells), 7634 (many shells), 7635 (very many shells), 7636 (1 shell), 7638 (few living), 7639 (1 shell), 7640 (few shells), 7d4i (1 shell), 7642 (1 small shell), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (few shells), 7645 (2 shells), 7646 (few shells), 7647 (few shells), 7648 (many shells), 7649 (few shells), 7651 (shells abundant), 7652 (many shells), 7653 (many living and shells), 7654 (few shells), 7655 (few shells), 7656 (few shells and living), 7659 (few shells), 7660 (few shells), 7661 (few living and shells), 7662 (few living), 7663 (very many shells and few living), 7664 (few shells), 7665 (few shells), 7666 (few shells), 7667 (few shells), 7668 (few shells), 7670 (many living and shells), 7672 (living and few shells), 7674 (many shells), 7673 (many shells), 7678 (many living and few shells), 7679 (many large living and shells), 7680 (living and shells abundant), 7681 (many shells), 7682 (living and shells), 7683 (few fragments), 7688 (x shell), 7694 (few shells), 7695 (few shells), 7696, 7697 (few shells), 7698 (many living), 7699 (few living), 7700 (few living), 7701 (few living and several shells), 7702 (many living), 7703 (many shells), 7704 (1 shell), 7706 (many living), 7707 (few living), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (few shells), 7717 (few living and shells), 7719 (many living and shells), 7731 (few shells, small liv- ing), 7733 (1 shell), 7734 (many living and shells), 7736 (few shells), 7738 (1 shell), 7739 (few shells), 7740 (many shells), 7741 (few liv- ing and shells), 7744 (few shells), 7748 (1 shell), 7749 (many living), 7731 (few shells), 7733 (few living), 7733 (few shells), 7737 (very many liv- ing and shells), 7758 (very many living and shells), 7759 (many shells and few living), 7760 (many shells), 7761 (few living and many shells), 7762 (shells and living abundant), 7763 (many living and shells), 7764 (few living and shells), 7766 (many shells and fragments), 7767 (few shells), 7769 (few shells), 7770 (several shells), 7771 (several shells), 7773 (1 shell), 7774 (few shells), 7776 (few small living), 7777 (few shells), 7779 (few small living and shells), 7780 (many living and shells), 7781 (few living and shells), 7782 (few living and shells), 7783 (few living and shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (few shells), 2 (few shells), 3 (few shells), 5 (few living), 6 (several large living), 7 (many shells and few living), 8 (few), 9 (few), 11 (few), 12 (1), 13 (x Crepidula f ornicata — Continued. shell), 15 (few living), 16 (1 shell), 17 (r small), 19 (1 shell), 22 (many shells), 24 (1 shell), 23 (few shells), 26 (1 shell), 27 (1 shell), 28 (few), 29 (few), 30 (few), 32 (1 shell), 34 (several small shells), 33 (shells), 37 (few small shells), 38 (1), 39 (few shells), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 50 (1 small), 52 (many shells), 53 (few shells), 56 (several shells), 57 (few), 58 (2), 59, 60 (few shells and living), 62 (few), 63 (few), 64 (few shells and living), 65 (many large shells), 66 (several shells), 68 (many living and shells), 69 (few shells), 70 (masses), 71 (masses), 72 (masses), 73 (few living and dead), 74 (few shells), 76 (few fragments), 77 (few shells), 79(1 small), 80 (masses), 81 (abundant), 82 (few shells), 83 (many shells), 84 (masses, living and shells), 85, 86, 87 (1 shell), 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 (shells), 101 (shells), 102, 107 (few shells), 108, 109, no, in (few), 113, 114 (shells common), 115 (shells common), 117 (few shells), 118 (few shells), 120 (shells), 121 (shells common), 122 (shells common), 123 (shells common), 124 (shells), 125, 126 (very many shells), 128 (shells common), 129 (shells), 130 (few shells), 132 (abundant), 133 (few shells), 134 (shells common), 135, 137 (few shells), 138 (few shells), 139 (abundant), 140 (common), 141 (shells), 142 (shells common), 143 (several shells), 144 (masses), 145 (abundant), 146 (sev- eral shells), 147 (living and shells common), 148 (shells abundant), 149 (abundant), 150 (many), 151, 152 (few shells), 153 (few shells), 134 (many shells), 137 (1 small), 158 (many shells and few living), 139 (few shells), 161 (1 shell), 163 (1 living, several shells), 164 (many shells), 165 (many shells), 166 (1 living, many shells), 167 (abundant, shells forming consid- erable part of material brought up). Eggs reported as early as April 6 (Mead) and as late as September 1 (Conklin). Crepidula convexa Say. [Chart 184.] Gould, 1870, p. 273 ( Crepidula convexa), p. 274 (C. glauca)-, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 650, 355, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 152 ; ^Conklin, 1897, p. 13; Sumner, 1910, fig. 23. Inshore stations of Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, common. Living specimens of this species were occasionally dredged by the sur- vey at depths as great as 15 fathoms, though it was commonly taken at depths of less than 8 fathoms, occurring upon very varied bottoms. In its habitat, Crepidula convexa differs very characteristically from the other two members BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 723 Crepidula convexa — Continued, of the genus which are present locally, the former being almost exclusively a littoral or ad- littoral form. It is commonly found upon the shells of Littorina litorea and Ilyanassa obsoleta, when occupied by Pagurus longicarpus; occa- sionally upon the shells of the living mollusks, or even upon eelgrass. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis (? 1 living), 7525 bis (? 1 living), 7532 (1), 7546 bis (? living), 7547 bis (? living), 7552 bis (1 shell), 7560 (1), 7584 (2, 1 living), 762r (? few shells), 7630 (1 living), 7632 (1 living), 7654 (1 shell), 7668 (1 living), 7672 (3 living), 7725 (2 living), 7782 (1 shell and 1 living). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 6 (1 living), 9 (1), 17 (1 living), 19 (common on Tritia and Littorina), 20 (1 living on Tritia ), 34 (1 frag- ment), 50 (1 on Littorina), 52 (several living), 53 (1), 62 (several living), 68 (2 living on Tritia) 71 (1 living), 72 (1 with eggs), 78 (1 on Anachis shell), 79 (on Littorina), 80 (many shells), 81 (1), 82 (1 living), 83 (1 living), 93 (1 living), 94, 95, 98, 104, 107 (1 shell), 109, 122 (1 living), 126 (1 living), 130 (1 shell), 134, 136, 138, 140 (few shells), 145 (few living), 147 (2 living), 150 (1 shell), 152 (1 living), 154 (several shells), 157, 158 (2), 163 (1 small living), 164 (several living), 165 (several living and shells), 166 (1 shell), 167 (1 living). Breeds from July 1 to September 1 ; males smaller than females and motile. — Conklin. “A de- pressed varie.ty ( glauca ) is found, chiefly on broad and nearly flat surfaces.” — Verrill. Crepidula plana Say. [Chart 185.] Gould, 1870, p. 272; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 650, 355, etc. {Crepidula plana and Crepidula unguiformis); Dali, 1889, p. 152; Conklin, 1897, p. 12; Thompson, 1899, p. 582. Abundant and of general distribution throughout the shallower and deeper waters of the region. Distribution coextensive with that of the hosts. Most frequently found inside shells occupied by hermit crabs; small specimens (perhaps a “dwarf variety” — Conklin) being associated with Pagurus longicarpus, larger ones with P. pollicaris and P. acadianus; also occurring on the outside of oysters, on Limulus and in other places. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 25 fathoms, on every variety of bottom. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few shells), 7521 bis (few shells), 7523 (few shells), 7523 bis, 7524 (few shells), 7525 (few shells), 7525 bis, 7526 (several), 7527 (1), 7530 (few), 7530 bis (few living), 7531 (few), 7532 (few), 7534 (many in Crepidula plana — Continued. Polynices shells, 1 in Littorina shell), 7537 (many), 7538 (many), 7540 (1 in Ilyanassa shell), 7541 (few shells), 7541 bis (few shells), 7542 (many), 7543, 7543 bis (many living), 7544 (few), 7545 bis (1 small), 7546 bis (living), 7547 (few shells), 7547 bis (living), 7548 (few shells), 7549 (few shells), 7549 bis (many living in Polynices heros shells), 7550 (many), 7551 (many in Polynices shells), 7551 bis (few living and shells), 7552 (few shells), 7552 bis (few shells), 7554 (many small in Polynices shells), 7536 (few in Polynices), 7556 bis (numerous shells), 7557 (many in and on shellsof Polynices heros and P. duplicata), 7558 (few shells), 7559 (many in and on shells of P. heros and P. duplicata), 7561 (many in and on shellsof P. heros and P. dupli- cata), 7563 (many: some on the outside of shells), 7563 bis (fewshells), 7564 (several; some on the outside of shells), 7564 bis (living and shells), 7565 (1 shell), 7565 bis (several shells), 7566 (few shells), 7567 (few shells), 7568 (few shells), 7569 (few shells), 7570, 7571 (x shell), 7572 (few shells), 7574 (few), 7576 (in Poly- nices shells), 7577 (few), 7578 (many living in Polynices shells), 7579 (many living in Polynices shells), 7581 (1), 7582 (several), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (few), 7585 (few shells), 7587 (1 shell), 7592 (many in Poly- nices shells), 7595 (few), 7597 (few shells), 7398 (few shells), 7602 (1 shell), 7609 (in Poly- nices shells), 7612 (1 small), 7613 (r shell), 7614 (fewshells), 7615 (fewshells), 7617 (many living), 7620 (few shells), 7621 (many living and shells), 7624 (few shells), 7625 (few shells), 7626 (few shells), 7627 (few shells), 7628 (many shells), 7629 (few shells), 7630 (many small shells), 7631 (common living), 7632 (many living and shells), 7633 (few), 7634 (several), 7635 (many shells), 7636 (1 living), 7638 (sev- eral living), 7639 (fewshells), 7640 (few living), 7641 (few living), 7643 (r shell), 7644 (few shells), 7645 (t shell), 7647 (1 shell), 7648 (many living and shells), 7651 (few shells), 7632 (few), 7653, 7655 (1 shell), 7656 (few shells), 7657 (few shells), 7638, 7639 (few shells), 7660 (many living), 7661 (many living and shells), 7663 (many shells), 7664 (many living), 7665 (several living), 7668 (few shells), 7672 (sev- eral living and shells), 7674 (few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7676 (living in Polynices shells), 7677 (living in Polynices shells), 7678 (many liv- ing in Polynices, also shells), 7679 (living and many shells), 7680 (very abundant), 7681 (liv- ing abundant), 7683 (few living), 7695 (1 shell), 724 bulletin of the bi Crepidula plana — Continued. 7697 (many shells), 7698 (many living), 7699 (many living), 7700 (many living), 7701 (many living), 7701 (many living), 7702 (many liv- ing), 7703 (living abundant), 7706 (many liv- ing), 7707 (many living), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (few living), 7717 (few living and shells), 7718 (few living and shells), 7719 (many living and shells), 7720 (many living), 7722 (few living and shells), 7724 (several living), 7725 (few living), 7726 (1 living, 1 shell), 7727 (1 shell), 7728 (few living), 7731 (few living and shells), 7732 (few living and shells), 7733 (few living), 7734 (many living and shells), 7735 (few liv- ing)- 7736 (few living and shells), 7738 (2 shells), 7739 (few living and shells), 7740 (few living and shells), 7741 (few living and shells), 7744 (few shells), 7749 (few shells), 7750 (1 shell), 7753 (few living), 7757 (few shells), 7758 (few shells), 7759 (few living and shells), 7760 (few living), 7761 (many living and shells), 7762 (many living and shells), 7764 (few living) 7763 (1 living), 7766 (few living), 7767 (few living), 7768 (few living), 7769 (few living), 7772 (few living), 7773 (few living), 7774 (few living), 7775 (several shells), 7776 (few living), 7777 (few living), 7778 (few living), 7780 (few living), 7781 (few living), 7783 (few living and shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (many), 3 (few), 5 (many living), 6 (few shells), 7 (many), 8 (few), 9 (few), 10 (few), ix (few), 12 (1), 13, 15 (common), 16 (few living), 17 (many on Polynices her os), 18 (several on P. her os and Littorina), 19 (several living), 20 (few), 22 (few), 25 (few shells), 27 (1 shell), 28 (few), 29 (1), 30 (few), 32 (1 shell), 34 (several shells), 36 (1 fragment), 37 (few small shells), 38 (1 shell), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 50 (1 inside Littorina shell), 52 (many living), 53 (many living), 59 (common), 60 (few shells and living), 61 (several shells), 62 (1 liv- ing), 64 (many living on P. keros), 65 (many shells), 68 (many in P. heros shells), 69 (few)* 70 (many), 71 (shells abundant), 72 (several liv- ing), 73 (few living and shells), 74 (few shells), 76 (few living and shells), 77 (few living), 79 (1 small), 80 (several), 81 (few shells), 82 (1 shell), 83 (few), 84 (many shells), 86, 88 (1 shell), 89, 93 (few living and shells), 94, 96, 97, 98, 100, 103, 105 (shells), 107 (few living and shells), 108, 109, no, 111 (1 living), 113, 114 (few shells), 115 (few living and shells), 117, a Owing to a confusion which was at first made between t here given are not wholly trustworthy. Specimens from the s and Bartsch. tEAU OF FISHERIES. Crepidula plana — Continued. 118 (few living and shells), 120 (shells), 121 (several shells), 122 (several), 123 (few), 126 (shells common), 129 (living), 130 (common), 13 1 (few living) , 132 (living and shells common) , I3S> 136 (many), 137 (few shells), 138, 139 (common), 140, 141 (few living and shells), 142 (few shells), 144 (common), 145 (living and shells common), 147 (several living and shells), 150, 151, 152 (few shells), 155 (1 shell), 158 (shells), 161 (1 shell), 163 (several shells), 164 (several shells), 165 (many living and shells), 166 (several living), 167 (few shells). Eggs from July 1 to September. — Conklin. Early cleavage stages found as late as Septem- ber 19. — M. T. Thompson. Family Naticid^. Natica pusilla Say.“ Gould, 1870, p.344; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 647, 417, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 154. “ Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay . . . com- mon in 2 to 10 fathoms.” — Verrill. Chiefly recorded from inshore stations of Buzzards Bay. — Survey. Dredged in 2 to 7 fathoms (in one case 17 fathoms), on quite various bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7550 bis*, 7563 bis*, 7611*, 7633 (?), 7634 (?), 7777*; likewise at a 1907 repetition of 7624*. Phalarope stations: 71*, 100*, 101*, 109*, 122*', 129*, 131 (?), 133 (?), 136 (?), 138 (?), 140 (?), i4S (?)> 147 (? several), 148 (? 2), 152 (? 2), 153 (? 1 living), 154*-, 156*, 159*. Natica clarisa Broderip & Sowerby. Gould, 1870, p. 342 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 647. “One small dead specimen . . . dredged . . . in 19 fathoms, off Gay Head”; no record of living specimens south of Cape Cod. — Verrill. Polynices duplicata (Say). [Chart 186.] Gould, 1870, p. 345 ( Neverita duplicata)-, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 646, 354, etc. (Neverita duplicata)-, Dali, 1889, p. 154 (Neverita dupli- cata). Fairly abundant and of general distribution both in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, from low-water mark down. Living specimens occasionally dredged at 2 to 8 fathoms; shells much more common and occurring at all depths, being frequently occupied by hermit crabs. Verrill ’s statement that this species is “generally much more abundant [than P. ;is species and certain other small Naticida;, some of the records arred stations, on the other hand, were referred to Messrs. Dali BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 725 Polynices duplicata — Continued . heros], except on the outer beaches, ” certainly does not apply at present to the greater part of Vineyard Sound . It is perhaps true , however, of the shallower waters skirting shore. Of eight living specimens of this genus collected at scattered points in the immediate vicinity of Woods Hole by Mr. Pope and assistants during June and July, 1911, all proved to be P. duplicata. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (1 very small shell), 7541 bis (1 shell), 7542 (2 shells), 7543 (1 liv- ing), 7554 (few shells), 7559 (few shells), 7561 (1), 75 63 (1 shell), 7576 (1 shell), 7577 (? 1), 7585 (1 shell), 7588 (1 shell), 7602 (2 shells), 7613 (1 shell), 7615 (several shells and living), 7617 (2), 7620 (1 shell), 7622 (few shells), 7626 (1), 7627 (few), 7630 (few shells), 7632 (several), 7634 (1 shell), 7637 (1 shell), 7638 (few shells and 1 living), 7639 (1 shell), 7644 (fragments), 7648 (1 shell), 7653 (2), 7654 (1 shell), 7657 (1 shell), 7659 (1 shell), 7661 (several shells), 7673 (1 fragment), 7719 (1 shell), 7740 (several shells), 7753 (1 shell), 7762 (several shells), 7766 (few shells), 7767 (several shells), 7769 (several shells), 7770 (r shell), 7773 (1 shell), 7778 (several large shells), 7781 (1 small shell), 7783 (1 shell). Phalarope stations: 19 (4), 28 (1), 52 (few, 1 liv- ing)- 53 (x shell), 59 (1), 60 (1 small shell), 63 (1), 66, 71 (1 shell), 73 (1 shell), 76 (1 shell), 79 (1 shell), 81, 82 (1 shell), 84 (1 shell), 89, 90, 91, 95, 96, 97, 100 (shell), 101 , 103, 109 (1 shell), 113, 116, 118 (1 young shell), 122 (few shells), 129 (1 living), 130 (few small shells), 131(1 liv- ing), 132, 135 (2 small), 138 (1), 140 (2 small), 143 (1 shell), 144 (1 living), 146 (1 living), 148 (1), 149 (1), 151 (1 small), 154 (1 living), 155 (fragments), 160 (1 shell), 165 (1 shell), 166 (1 shell). The egg cases of this species constitute “sand collars” similar to those of P. heros. Mr. T. E. B. Pope finds some evidence that more than one collar may be formed in a season. Eggs which were deposited in the laboratory were observed to hatch in a period of about two weeks. Polynices heros (Say). [Chart 187.] Gould, 1870, p. 338 ( Lunatia heros)-, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 646, 353, etc. (Lunatia heros)] Dali, 1889, p. 154 ( Lunatia heros). Abundant and of general distribution through- out Vineyard Sound; far less frequent in Buz- Polynices heros — Continued. zards Bay, though not uncommon at the in- shore stations; living specimens not infre- quently dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, predomi- nantly on bottoms free from mud; shells of much more general occurrence, these being very frequently inhabited by hermit crabs ( Pagurus pollicaris and P. acadianus). — Sur- vey. This mollusk is common likewise in the shallow waters along shore, and its shells are familiar objects upon the beaches everywhere. Fish Hawk stations : 0 7521 (2 shells), 7521 bis (1 shell), 7524 (about 10 shells), 7525 (few)°, 7530 (2 shells), 7530 bis (1), 7531 (1 shell)0, 7533 (frag- ment)0, 7534(several shells)0, 7535 (fewshells)0, 7536 (2 small shells), 7536 bis (several living), 7537 (several shells), 7537 bis (1 shell), 7538 (several shells)0, 7539 (fragment)0, 7541 (several shells)0, 7542 (many shells)0, 7543 (manyshells), 7543 bis (several), 7544 (many shells), 7546 bis (several shells), 7547 bis (several shells), 7549 bis (several shells), 7550 (1 living, and shells)0, 7551 (few shells), 7552 (few shells)0, 7553 (1 small shell)0, 7554 (several large and many small), 7554 bis, 7556 (few shells)0, 7557 (few large and small), 7558 (manyshells)0, 7559 (sev- eral shells), 7560 (several shells)0, 7561 (many)0, 7562 (several shells)0, 7563 (many shells)0, 7564 (1), 7564bis(2 shells), 7565 (few)°, 7566 (1 shell) 7567 (2), 7568 (several), 7569 (few small shells)0, 7570 (2 shells)0, 7572 (few shells)0, 7574 (few shells), 7578(3 living, several shells)0, 7579 (few shells)0, 7 580 (several shells)0, 7581(1 shell), 7582 (i)°, 7583 (1 small shell)0, 7584 (fewshells), 7590 (2 shells)0, 7591 (1 living, 1 shell)0, 7592 (many shells)0, 7593 (1 young)0, 7594 (several shells)0, 7595 (living and shells)0, 7598 (few small shells and 1 living)0, 7599 (many large living), 7601 (1 small shell)0, 7602 (manyshells)0, 7607 (2 living, 2 shells)0, 7633 (?), 7634 (?), 7637 (1 shell), 7638 (1) , 7645 (1 shell ?), 7650 (? 1 living), 7664 (1), 7667 (x living), 7675 (1 shell), 7676 (1), 7678 (many shells, mostly large, and 1 living), 7679 (living and large shells), 7680 (many large shells), 7681 (manyshells), 7682 (several shells), 7683 (1 fragment), 7692 (1 fragment), 7698 (1 living and few shells), 7699 (several shells), 7700 (1 living, several shells), 7701 (1 living, several shells), 7702 (many large shells), 7703 (manyshells), 7704 (1 living), 7706 (several liv- ing and shells), 7707 (many shells), 7708 (many shells), 7709 (manyshells), 7710 (1 shell), 7717 (2) , 7718 (several shells), 7719 (many shells), a During the summer of 1903 (Fish Hawk stations 7521 to 7607) the distinction was not always made in the field records between small shells of Polynices heros and those of P. triseriata. It is likely, therefore, that certain of the foregoing records refer in part to the latter species. The symbol 0 denotes those cases in which such ambiguity is believed to be possible. 726 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Polynices heros — Continued. 7720 (few shells), 7722 (1 large shell), 7725 (1 shell), 7726 (many shells), 7727 (2), 7730 (sev- eral), 7731 (few shells), 7732 (2 shells), 7733 (2 shells), 7734 (many living and shells), 7735 (1 shell), 7736 (several shells), 7739 (several shells), 7740 (1 living and few shells), 7741 (few shells), 7745 (1 small fragment), 7757 (1 large shell), 7759 (1 shell), 7760 (few), 7761 (few shells), 7762 (few shells), 7766 (few shells), 7767 (2 shells), 7769 (1 large shell), 7772 (sev- eral shells), 7773 (1 shell), 7774 (2 large shells), 7777 (several shells), 7778 (few shells), 7780 (several shells), 7783 (several shells). Phalarope stations: 3 (1 shell), 5 (1 large shell), 7 (few shells), 8 (1), 9 (1 fragment), 10 (1 frag- ment), 11 (1 fragment), 13 (1 fragment), 15 (1 shell), 17 (1 shell), 18 (2 shells), 25 (1 shell), 30 (1 shell), 52 (few shells)*, 53 (few shells), 57*, 59 (shells common), 60 (1 shell), 61 (several shells), 64 (1 shell), 65 (few shells), 66 (few shells), 68 (few shells), 71 (several living and shells), 74 (2 shells*, 1 living), 76 (several shells), 77 (1), 96*, 102 (1 shell), 111*, 117 (1 shell), 118 (1 shell), 122 (1 shell), 131, 140 (1 shell), 158 (1 shell). The “sand collars” of this and the preceding species are cast up on the beaches throughout the summer. They are likewise frequently dredged in Vineyard Sound. This and the preceding species feed upon various mollusks, whose shells they perforate by means of the lingual ribbon. Polynices triseriata (Say). [Chart 188.] Gould, 1870, p. 340 ( Lunatia triseriata)-, Verrill, 1872, p. 282 ( Lunatia heros, var. triseriata)-, Ver- rill and Smith, 1873, p. 646, 354, etc. ( Luna- tia heros, var. triseriata)-, Dali, 1889, p. 154 {Lunatia heros, var. triseriata. — Dr. Dali now regards this as a true species). Abundant and of pretty general distribution, both in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; far commoner in the latter than P. heros, but somewhat less frequent in the former. — Sur- vey. Living specimens dredged in 1 to 12 fathoms, on various bottoms, including muddy ones; shells widely distributed by hermit crabs. Verrill ’s statement that this “variety ” “is the more common form in the deeper waters” (i. e. commoner than P. heros) does not hold for the region dredged. Polynices triseriata — Cont inued . Fish Hawk stations:0 7521 bis, 7523 bis(i), 7525 bis (1 shell), 7532 bis (1 living), 7536 bis (1 shell), 7537 bis (2 shells), 7541 bis (1 shell), 7545 bis (1 living), 7546 bis (few shells), 7549 bis (1 shell), 7553 bis (1 shell), 7554 bis (living and 1 shell), 7557 (1), 7563 (3), 7564 bis (1 small shell), 7567 bis, 7574 (1), 7576 (1 shell), 7584 (i)> 7S85 0)> 7586 (few), 7604 (1 small), 7608(7), 7614 (several living), 7616 (few shells), 7617 (few shells), 7620 (1 living), 7630 (few liv- ing and shells), 7633 (?), 7638 (few shells), 7640 (1 shell), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (few living and shells), 7645 (few shells), 7648 (1 shell), 7650 (1 living), 7652 (1), 7654 (1 shell), 7657 (few shells), 7660 (several shells), 7661 (sev- eral shells), 7662 (several shells), 7663 (few shells), 7664 (1 living), 7665 (1 shell and 1 liv- ing), 7666 (1 shell), 7668 (fragment), 7669 (1 shell), 7671 (several shells), 7672 (several living and shells), 7673 (few shells), 7674 (1 much- worn shell), 7675 (few shells), 7677, 7678 (sev- eral shells), 7679 (1 shell), 7680 (1 shell), 7681 (few shells), 7685 (1 small living), 7687 (2 living and shells), 7688 (fragments), 7702 (1 shell), 7706 (1 shell), 7707 (2 shells), 7718 (1 shell), 7719 (few shells), 7720 (1 small shell), 7722 (several shells), 7724 (3 living), 7728 (r small living), 7729 (1 small living), 7731 (few shells), 7732 (several shells), 7740 (1 shell), 7744 (frag- ments and 1 shell), 7751 (1 shell), 7759 (1 shell), 7766 (2 shells), 7780 (1 shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 5 (1 shell), 6 (several shells and living), 7 (several shells), 11 (2), 15 (2), 19 (living abundant), 20 (few), 22 (few shells), 23 (few), 28 (several), 30 (1), 32 (i)> 33 (1 shell), 35 (1 shell), 36 (1 shell), 48 (1), 49 (shells), 51 (few living), 52 (several living and shells), 53 (1 living), 56 (few living), 57 (few shells), 58, 59 (shells common), 60 (liv- ing and few shells), 62 (1 living and shells), 64 (several shells), 65 (several shells), 66, 67 (few shells), 68 (1 living, few shells), 73 (1), 74 (few living and shells), 76 (few living and shells), 77 (1 shell), 78 (few), 79 (2 shells), 80 (1 shell), 81 (few), 83 (living and shells common), 89, 91, 92 (shells), 100 (living), 101, 102, 104, 106, 108, no, in (many living and shells), 112, 113, 114 (few living and shells), 115 (few shells), 117 (1 -shell), 118 (1 living and 1 shell), 122 (sev- eral shells), 123 (living and shells common), 128 (1 shell), 132 (1 shell), 136, 140 (few shells), 162 (1 shell), 163 (1 shell). a See note under Polynices heros. Certain records for the latter perhaps apply to the present species. The converse is not believed to be true. BIOLO'GICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 727 Polynices immaculata (Totten). Gould, 1870, p. 344 ( Mamma 9 immaculata)', Ver- rill and Smith, 1873, p. 646, 508 ( Lunatia im- maculata); Dali, 1889, p. 154 (Lunatia immacu- lata). Newport. — Totten, cited by Gould. “Off Mar- thas Vineyard, 20 fathoms”; a northern shell. — Verrill. Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk sta- tion 7549 (*i small shell)*. South arm of West Falmouth Harbor* (collected by L. J. Cole). IPolynices nana (Moller). Verrill, 1882c, p. 516 ( Lunatia nana). South of Marthas Vineyard and Block Island; 22 to 29 fathoms, 1880 and 1881. Polynices sp. (undetermined). Fish Hawk stations: 7568, 7586, 7604, 7608, 7609, 7614, 7701, 7730, 7732, 7767, 7776. Phalarope stations: 52, 57, 64, 63, 68, hi, 165 (1 fragment), 167 (1 fragment). Some of these specimens were identified in the field as P. immaculata, but the identification now seems doubtful. Polynices sp. (egg cases). Fish Hawk stations: 7534 (1), 7550 (few), 7563 (few), 7567 (1), 7578 (1), 7590 (fragments), 7591 (fragments), 7596 (1), 7609 (fragment), 7615 (fragment), 7709 (1), 7717 (1), 7740 (1). Phalarope stations: 1 (1), 28 (1), 29 (1), 30 (1). Family Marseniid^E. Velutina laevigata Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 334 ( Velutina haliotoidea; not listed for this region). Crab Ledge, August, 1902, 15 to 17 fathoms*; Fish Hawk station 7609 (also at Crab Ledge), 1 living*. Velutina zonata Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 335 (not listed for this region). Fish Hawk stations 7608* and 7609* (both at Crab Ledge); in each case, 1 living. Class CEPP Family Spiruudaj. Spirula peronii Lamarck. Stimpson, 1851, p. 57; Gould, 1870, p. 516 (Spi- rula fragilis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 636; Dali, 1889, p. 174. Shells washed ashore at Nantucket. — Stimpson, Gould, Verrill. One found by R. L. Baird at Muskegetin 1904; another by F. B. Sumner at No Mans Land in 1904. Family Acm^Eid^. Acmaea testudinalis (Linnaeus). Limpet. Gould, 1870, p. 267 ( Tectura testudinalis), p. 269 ( Tectura alveus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 661, 307, etc.; Dali, 1889, p. 156. “Marthas Vineyard, Cuttyhunk, and adjacent islands;” “comparatively rare and local south of Cape Cod.” — Verrill. Common at the end of Nobslca Point, on rocks, below low-tide level. Recorded from Devils Foot Island, Tarpaulin Cove, and Round Hill Point. Dredged by the Survey at a few inshore sta- tions, both in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in 3 to 5 fathoms. These were all or nearly all dead shells. Fish Hawk station 7536 (1 shell); Phalarope sta- tions: 71 (several), 79 (1 shell), 91, 132 (1 shell). Verrill states that “a peculiar narrow form of this shell, (var. alveus) . . . lives on the leaves of eelgrass.” We are informed by Dr. Dali that recent anatomical studies indicate that A. alveus is a good species. Family Trochid^E. Margarites obscurus Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 283 (Margarita obscura; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 661, 508 (Margarita obscura); Dali, 1889, p. 164 (Solariella obscura). “ Off Marthas Vineyard, 20 to 23 fathoms.” — Ver- rill. Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7607*. — Survey. Margarites undulatus (Sowerby). Crab Ledge, August 19, 1902, in 17 fathoms, living*. Margarites sp. (undetermined). Fish Hawk station 7609 (Crab Ledge). 'lLOPODA. Family Loliginid^. Loligo pealii Lesueur. Common squid (south of Cape Cod); long-finned squid. [Chart 189.] Gould, 1870, p. 513 (Loligo punctata), p. 514 (Loligo pealii); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 635, 416, etc.; Verrill, 1881, p. 30S; 1882, p. 342; Bumpus, 1898a. Distribution general throughout the region from April or May till November, disappearing 728 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Loligo pealii — Continued. during the winter. <* Taken in great numbers in the local fish traps; likewise at Menemsha Bight, where barrels of them are sometimes caught. Dredged in all parts of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, though such speci- mens were not necessarily caught at or even near the bottom. Eggs, however, were taken during the Survey dredging as deep as 15 fathoms, and it is therefore certain that the animal frequents depths as great as this. In- deed, Verrill states that it descends to 50 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 bis (2), 7530 (6 small), 7542 (few small), 7543 bis (1), 7547 bis (2), 7554 (2 small), 7570 (2 large, 1 small), 7571 (few), 7576 (2 small), 7578 (1 large), 7579 (many), 7580 (2), 7581 (few small), 7582 (1 small), 7583 (sev- eral small), 7384 (few small), 7586 (2 small), 7589 (few small), 7590 (few small), 7591 (several, r large), 7592 (few small), 7599 (1 large), 7600 (2 large), 7612 (2), 7613 (2 large, many small), 7614 (1 large and several small), 7615 (several small), 7618 (several small), 7619 (2), 7622 (1 small), 7627 (2 small), 7637 (1 very small), 7641 (1), 7643 (several small), 7644 (few small), 7653 (1 small), 7656 (young), 7657 (few small), 7660 (few), 7662 (1 adult), 7675 (1 small), 7678 (sev- eral small), 7680 (1 small), 7681 (2), 7683 (1), 7685 (several, mostly small), 7686 (several medium sized), 7687 (several medium sized), 7688 (4), 7704 (1 small), 7708 (1 medium), 7710 (2 small), 7724 (several), 7725 (1 small), 7726 (several small), 7727 (2 small), 7729 (few small) 773°- 7734 (3). 7735 (2)> 7737 (2 small), 7739 (1 medium sized), 7740 (few large and medium sized), 7749 (many), 7753 (1), 7754 (several large and small), 7756 (1), 7772 (1' large, 1 small), 7775 (1), 7776 (2 large), 7778 (1 small), 7780 (several), 7783 (several). Clusters of eggs were dredged at the following stations: Fish Hawk stations: 7522 bis (1), 7524 (i)/7524 bis (1), 7525 bis (several), 7537 bis (1), 7S43 bis (1), 7544 (1), 7548 (1), 7553 (1), Loligo pealii — Continued. 7554 (1), 7557 (i)> 7561 (u> 7593 (i)> 7624 (2), 7638 (several), 7656, 7671 (2), 7762 (2). Phalarope stations: 2, 8, 9 (1), 52 (1), 76 (1). The eggs are taken throughout the summer. Dr. Bumpus reports that they have been deposited in the laboratory in May, while Verrill states that the spawning occurs as late as September. Eggs were dredged by the Surrey from July 6 to August 30, at depths of from 4 to 15 fathoms, on every sort of bottom, chiefly in Vineyard Sound. They are also found in fish traps, often in considerable numbers. The young are frequently abundant at the surface during the summer. The squid is important as a food for many fishes. It is used extensively as bait by line fisher- men, but its value as a food for man is not yet realized in this country. Ommastrephes illecebrosa Verrill. Short-finned squid; “soft squid;” the common squid north of Cape Cod. Gould, 1870, p. 510 ( Ommastrephes sagittatus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 634, 441, etc.; Ver- rill, 1880, p. 289; 1881, p. 268; 1882, p. 293- 309, 412. Distribution general, though this species is far less common than Loligo. Recorded by Ver- rill for Newport, Gay Head, and Vineyard Sound. Taken by trap fishermen at Menem- sha and in the laboratory trap in Buzzards Bay. For an interesting account of the habits of this species, see Verrill, 1882, p. 305 et. seq. Family PhilonExid^. Parasira catenulata Steenstrup. Verrill, 1878, p. 210 ( Octopus granulatus); 1880, p. 293; 1881, p. 362; 1882, p. 389. One specimen taken in Vineyard Sound in 1876 (collected by V. N. Edwards, identified by Verrill). Properly a Mediterranean and West Indian form. Phylum CHORDATA. Class ADELOCHORDA. Balanoglossus aurantiacus (Girard). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 627, 351, etc.; Mor- gan, 1891. Beach beyond Nobska Point; Newport. — A. Agassiz. Naushon. — Verrill. Hadley Harbor; Bay shore of Penzance. — Morgan. Katama Bay; Tarpaulin Cove. (Collected by Dr. Os- Balanoglossus aurantiacus — Continued. bum; identified with some doubt by Prof. Ritter as “Balanoglossus Kowalevskii A. Agas- siz”). Balanoglossus occurs in beaches or flats of clear or muddy sand or gravel, into which it burrows rather deeply. Tomaria abundant in tow in August. — Morgan. a According toMr. Edwards’s records, the date of the earliest reported capture of squid in local waters has ranged, during the past 10 years (1900-1909), from April 16 to May 7. The mean of these dates is April 26. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 729 Class UROCHORDA (TUNICATA).' Family Molgulid/E. Molgula arenata StimpsonA [Chart 190.] Gould, 1870, p. 21; Vcrrill and Smith, 1873, p. 699, 419, etc. Region of Nantucket and Marthas Vineyard. — • Gould. “Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 5 to 15 fathoms, sand and gravel.” — Verrill. Western half of Vineyard Sound, fairly fre- quent; Crab Ledge, at one station; not re- corded for Buzzards Bay; dredged in 2 to 25 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7532*, 7560 (abundant)*, 7561 (few), 7579, 7584 (2), 7596 (1), 7598 (1), 7609 (3 small)*, 7683*, 7702. Phalarope stations: 32, 33*, 37, 64 (several), 66 (many), 67 (1), hi (1). ? Molgula citrina Alder & Hancock. Crab Ledge at Fish Hawk station 7606 (16 fath- oms, gravel and stones), 1 specimen.* ? Molgula koreni Traustedt. Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawkstations 7524* and 7563, 8 to 10 fathoms, gravel and stones. Molgula manhattensis (DeKay). [Chart 191.] Gould, 1870, p. 25 (Ascidia manhattensis ; no local records); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 699, 311, etc.; Bumpus, 1898a; Bumpus, 1898b; Met- calf, 1900. Abundant on piers at Woods Hole, Vineyard Haven, and New Bedford. Recorded also from Nobska Point, Menemsha Pond, Katama Bay (abundant on eelgrass), Wareham River, West Falmouth Harbor, Round Hill Point. A very common species, with great diversity of habitat, being found in shallow waters near shore, as well as at considerable depths. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Buzzards Bay; in Vineyard Sound seldom found far from land. Taken in 2 to 15 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. Large clus- ters composed of this species and Styela partita are sometimes encountered. Fish Hawkstations: 7522 bis, 7524 bis (few), 7554 bis*, 7564 bis*, 7612*, 7614, 7615 (several clus- ters), 7616, 7619*, 7627 (several), 7653. Sup- plementary stations (1909): 7648 (?), 7659 (?). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (several), 5*, 8, 9, 12, 13, 20, 21, 24 (1), 32 (few), 61*, 67 (1), 76, 83 (2), 85, 86, 87 (many), 100 (?), no, 117 (few), 121 (few), 130 (1), 134 (1), 145 (i)- Eggs ripe during May and probably throughout the summer. — Bumpus. 9 Molgula pannosa Verrill. Verrill, 1871, p. 55. Off West Chop, at Fish Hawk station 7524*, 1 specimen doubtfully identified. — Survey. Molgula papillosa Verrill. Verrill, 1872; Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 699, 495- “Off Marthas Vineyard, 10 fathoms, stony,” occurring “sparingly.” 9 Molgula pellucida Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 699, 426. No definite local records, though this region lies within the range of the species as given by Verrill. 9 Molgula producta Stimpson. Gould, 1870, p. 21 (no local records); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 699, 502, etc. “Off Buzzards Bay, 23 fathoms;” this species “ was dredged in some numbers on a bottom of fine sand, with some mud.” (The foregoing record scarcely warrants the inclusion of this species in the fauna of the region.) Molgula sp. undetermined. Unidentified specimens referable to this genus were taken at Fish Hawk stations 7554, 7622, and 7686, and Phalarope station 160; also at 1909 repetitions of 7648 and 7671. Bostrichobranchus molguloides Metcalf. Metcalf, 1900, p. 583 (sp. nov.). “ Collected by Vinal N. Edwards, from soft mud, at a depth of 9 fathoms, in Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole, Mass.” A number of specimens taken . Eugyra pilularis Verrill. Verrill, 1872 ( Molgula pilularis and Eugyra pilu- laris); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 700, 509. “Off Gay Head . . . , 19 fathoms, soft mud,” covering itself with a thick coating of fine sand or mud. — Verrill. Eugyra glutinous (Holier). c [Chart 190.] Dredged by the survey at a number of stations in vicinity of Cuttyhunk, both in the Sound and the Bay; 3 to 17 fathoms, sandy bottom. Fish Hawk stations: 7686 (?), 7687*, 7688 (?), 7689 (?). Phalarope stations: 30*, 99*, 101 (?), 102 (?), 103 (?)• identified by Prof. W. E. Ritter; those from points designated a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were by a dagger (t) by Dr. W. G. Van Name. b See note under Eugyra gluiinans. c it is not unlikely that some of the specimens listed in the field as Molgula arenata likewise belong here. “ Externally these two species are very much alike. Identification of preserved specimens is hardly possible without dissection. W. E. Ritter. 730 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OE FISHERIES. Family Cynthiid/E. Cynthia carnea (Agassiz). Gould, 1870, p. 25 ( Ascidia carnea; no local rec- ords); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 701, 495. “Off Gay Head, 10 fathoms, stony.” — Verrill. Halocynthia echinata (Linnaeus). Gould, 1870, p. 18 ( Cynthia echinata; no local records); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 702, 495 Cynthia echinata). “Off Marthas Vineyard, 10 fathoms, stony, rare.” — Verrill. Off Sankaty Head, in 20 fathoms, 2 or more specimens*. Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk stations 7605* (? 1 specimen) and 7606 (2 specimens); likewise one speci- men found off Kopeecon Point at Phalarope station 66. — Survey. Boltenia sp. undetermined. Considerable numbers of a beautiful Boltenia have been dredged by the Survey and by vari- ous other collectors at Crab Ledge, in 16 to 25 fathoms on bottoms of gravel and stones. Prof. Ritter has been unable to determine with cer- tainty the identity of this species. In the notes which he has furnished us it is entered as “Boltenia ovifera (L.) ? Boltenia burkhardti Agassiz ? ’ ’ Fish Hawk stations: 7603 (5), 7604 (2), 7605, 7606 (1), 7607 (several large and small), 7608 (several large), 7609 (1 small). Glandula arenicola Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 701, 502. “ Dredged by Mr. Prudden, off Cuttyhunk Island, in 1872.” — Verrill. Glandula sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 701, 502. Verrill records an undetermined species of this genus from “Vineyard Sound and off Marthas Vineyard, 10 to 20 fathoms, sand. ” The speci- mens were less than one-fifth of an inch in diameter; “the integument was densely cov- ered by rather coarse and very firmly adherent grains of sand in several layers.” Styela partita (Stimpson). [Chart 192.] Gould, 1870, p. 18 ( Cynthia partita', no local records); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 701, 311 {Cynthia partita)', Bumpus, 1898b, ( Cynthia partita). Generally distributed throughout the eastern half of Vineyard Sound ; occasionally met with elsewhere in the Sound and in Buzzards Bay, where it appears to be confined to the inshore stations; dredged in 3 to 15 fathoms on bottoms Styela partita — Continued. of sand, stones, and gravel. — Survey. Large clusters of this species, sometimes associated with Molgula manhattensis , Perophora viridis, Didemnum lutarium, and various hydroids, Bryozoa, and algae, were not infrequently brought up in the dredge. It is common, also as a littoral species, being recorded from the stone wall of the local pier, Vineyard Haven and Edgartown, on piles, Nobska Point, and Katama Bay. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (few), 7524 (sev- eral)*, 7524 bis (few), 7525 bis (few), 7526 (3 very small)*, 7528 (1), 7530 (1), 7532 (1 on Eudendrium), 7534 (1), 7534 bis*, 7536 (many), 7561 (several), 7742 (much)*, 7744 (few small), 7745 (few)*, 7746 (1), 7749 (1), 7750 (few), 7751 (few), 7756 (1), 7763 (few), 7764 (few), 7765 (few), 7766 (few), 7767 (man}?)*, 7769*, 7770, 7774. Supplementary station (1909): 7659. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (many), 2 (few), 3 (few)*, 4 (1), 5 (1 small), 6 (few), 7 (1), 8, 9, 22, 24 (many), 25, 32 (few), 46*, 63 (abundant), 69 (1), 77*, 116, 118 (1 small), 121 (few), 134 (1), 141 (1), 146 (few). Supple- mentary station (1909): 146. Styela sp. undetermined. A specimen believed by Dr. Ritter to belong to an undescribed species was taken in Vine- yard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7339. Family Ascidud^. Ascidia complanata Fabricius. A specimen thus identified by Prof. Ritter was taken at Crab Ledge (Fish Hawk station 7608). Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus). Gould, 1870, p. 24 ( Ascidia tenella; no local rec- ords); Verrill, 1872, p. 99 ( Ciona tenella)', Ver- rill and Smith, 1873, p. 698, 419 ( Ciona tenella ); Verrill, 1880b, p. 251 ( Ciona ocellata)', Bumpus, 1898a; Bumpus, 1898b. New Bedford. — L. Agassiz. Abundant at New- port.—Verrill. Sometimes very common in Woods Hole Harbor upon suitable objects. On January 4, 1908, Mr. V. N. Edwards took great numbers from a “cod car ’’anchored at the Bu- reau of Fisheries pier*; and it was present in equal abundance upon the “ cars ” throughout the summer of 1909. One or more specimens were collected by Dr. Osbum at Vineyard Haven, on piles July 31, 1906*. Mr. G. M, Gray reports the occurrence of this species in Little Harbor and in the Eel Pond. Ciona has not BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 731 Ciona intestinalis — Continued . been recorded during the survey dredging, though Verrill states that it occurs on dead shells, etc., at a depth of 20 fathoms. “Ripe” throughout May (Bumpus); in July (F. W. Bancroft). Eggs were fertilized throughout September, and as late as the 3d of October, 1909, by Prof. T. H. Morgan. Family Botryllid/E. Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas). Gould, 1870, p. 3 (no local records); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 702, 375 ( Botryllus gouldii ); Bumpus, 1898b ( Botrullus gouldii); Van Name, 1910, p. 350. Woods Hole Harbor, on Revenue wharf, Eel Pond, Waquoit Bay, Tarpaulin Cove, also on floating eelgrass in the open Sound. Very abundant locally, encrusting eelgrass, rock- weed, woodwork, and all sorts of objects in shal- low water. Occasionally brought up in the dredge, when coming from depths of 3 to 10 fathoms, though such specimens may have actually been taken near the surface, or may have been carried to the deeper waters by cur- rents. Dredged near West Chop, at Penikese, and near Quisset. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (small colony on Zoster a), 7751 (2 large colonies). Phalarope stations: 73 (on Zostera), 116, 131 (1 colony). “ Found breeding from the 6th to the end of July, and almost all the older colonies contained either large ova or embryos.” — Bumpus, citing F. W. Bancroft. The color of this species is extremely variable, so much so that Verrill distinguished nine dif- ferent color varieties, though he did not make it clear whether or not these were intended as varieties in the taxonomic sense. Dr. Van Name informs us that Prof. Verrill himself attached very little importance to these “va- rieties.” Family Perophorid.®. Peropkora viridis Verrill. [Chart 193.] Verrill, 1871a, p. 359 (sp. nov.); Verrill, 1872; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 702, 388; Bum- pus, 1898b; Lefevre, 1898, p. 369; Van Name, I9II> P- 357- Little Harbor, Vineyard Haven, and Edgartown, on piles, abundant. Eastern half of Vineyard Peropkora viridis — Continued . Sound, common; not recorded from the west- ern half; two records for Buzzards Bay; dredged at 4 to 15 fathoms, chiefly on gravelly or stony bottoms, where it often occurred in company with Styela partita and other ascid- ians. — Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 (on Styela ), 7525 bis, 7536 (abundant, attached to seaweed), 7537 (few), 7537 bis (1), 7538 bis (abundant), 7539, 7541 bis (few), 7548 (few clusters), 7553 bis (very many), 7742, 7744 (little), 7745 (1 small bunch), 7746 (little), 7747 (much), 7748 (much), 7749 (much), 7751 (few), 7754 (much), 7755 (much), 7756 (much), 7757 (much), 7763 (few colonies), 7765 (little), 7773 (much), 7774 (few), 7775 (little). Supplementary station (1909): 7672 (several large colonies). Phalarope stations: 62 (many), 63 (very abun- dant), 69 (several masses), 73 abundant), 77 (few), 135 (abundant). Family DidEmnid^. Didemnum lutarium Van Name. [Chart 194.] Verrill, 1872 ( Leptoclinum albidum and L. lute- olum); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 705, 706, 403, etc. (Verrill’s local records for “ Lepto- clinum albidum” and “ Leptoclinum luteolum” refer to Didemnum lutarium , which was con- fused by him with the more northern species); Van Name, 1910, p. 371 (sp. nov.). Occurrence pretty general throughout Buzzards Bay and the eastern half of Vineyard Sound; in the western half of the Sound its occurrence seems to be limited to the inshore stations; Crab Ledge?0; dredged in 1 to 15 or more fathoms on all sorts of bottoms. — Survey. Recorded also from wharves at Woods Hole, Vineyard Haven, and Edgartown, and from drifted material on Nobska Beach. A very common species, incrusting shells, stones, algae, sponges, and frequently other ascidians, such as Styela partita and Amaroucium. “South of Cape Cod (including also the south shore of the cape) it is the common, and in most places the only, species of the genus. Probably all the published records of L. albidum and L. luteolum Verrill from that part of the coast refer to it. . . . North of Cape Cod this form is local and for the most part replaced by T etradidemnum albidum . ’ ’ — Van Name . a From what we know of the Crab Ledge fauna it seems possible that the specimens from this point (stations 7604 to 7609) might have belonged to the northern species, T etradidemnum albidum (Verrill). No material from these stations has been examined by Dr. Van Name. 732 bulletin oe the bureau oe fisheries. Didemnum lutarium — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (abundant), 7522 bis (small patches), 7524 bis (few small), 7528 (many), 7533 bis (several patches), 7537 (few small patches), 7541 bis (little), 7565 bis (1 small mass), 7572 (small mass), 7587 (1 small mass), 7604 (r small piece), 7605, 7606, 7607 (covering stones and Modiolus shells), 7608 (common), 7-609 (2 patches), 7612 (1 small patch), 7613 (few masses)!, 7620 (1 mass), 7625 (several masses), 7626 (several masses), 7627 (several patches), 7629 (few masses), 7632 (1 patch), 7633, 7634 (few masses), 7639 (1 mass), 7644 (small mass), 7659 (1 large mass), 7742 (little)t, 7746 (little), 7749 (much), 7751 (lit- tle), 7752 (little), 7753 (much), 7754 (little), 7755 (several colonies) 7757 (much), 7759 (very much), 7760 (much), 7763 (much), 7765 (much), 7766 (little), 7768 (much), 7769 (lit- tle), 7772 (little), 7773 (little), 7774 (little), 7775 (much), 7777 (much), 7778 (much), 7780 (much), 7781 (little), 7782 (very little), 7783 (very little). Supplementary stations (1909): 7627, 7629, 7634, 7636, 7643, 7648, 7657, 7659, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (few small masses), 2 (small piece), 5 (many patches), 6 (1 patch), 7 (few patches), 8 (1 small colony), 9 (1), 10 (few crusts), n (x small colony), 12 (1 small colony), 15 (1 colony), 24 (r colony), 32 (small patch), 33 (few), 34 (few), 36 (1 small mass), 45 (1 patch), 51 (few), 56 (few), 58 (1 colony), 64 (several masses), 69 (1), 74 (1 large colony), 77 (common), 81 (several masses), 83 (several masses), 85, 86, 109, 112, 113,115 (few), 116, 117 (common), 118 (common), 121 (com- mon), 124 (few masses), 128 (common), 130 (quantities), 131 (common), 133 (1 colony), 134 (many colonies), 135 (abundant), 136 (common), 137 (abundant), 141 (abundant), 142 (abundant), 144 (several), 145 (few), 148 (common), 149 (common). Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 131, 146. Family Synoicid^. Aplidium pallidum (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 705, 496. (Amarce- cium pallidum)', Van Name, 1910, p. 400. Off Buzzards Bay, 25 fathoms, gravel; ” “ south of Gay Head, 10 fathoms, stony.” — Verrill. Vineyard Sound, near Cuttyhunk, at Fish Hawkstation 7690! (gfathoms, stony bottom). — Survey. Amaroucium pellucidum (Eeidy). [Chart 195.] Verrill, 1871, p. 290; Verrill, 1872; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 703, 401, etc. ( Amarcecium pellucidum)-, Van Name, 1910, p. 404. Abundant throughout the eastern half of Vine- yard Sound; in the western half confined to inshore stations; recorded but twice from Buzzards Bay; dredged in 1 to 17 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones.— Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few colonies), 7521 bis (very abundant), 7522 (few colonies), 7524 (very abundant), 7525 (very abundant), 7525 bis (abundant), 7526 (few pieces), 7527 (abun- dant), 7528 (very abundant), 7529 (1 mass), 7531 bis (1 colony), 7532 (great abundance), 7532 bis (many), 7533 bis (few), 7535 (abundant), 7536 bis (few), 7538 (very abundant), 7538 bis (very much), 7539 (numerous), 7540 (few), 7541 (abundant), 7541 bis (several colonies), 7542 bis (few), 7544 (abundant), 7544 bis (small fragments), 7546 (small piece), 7547 (many), 7550 bis (little), 7552 (few), 7553 (abundant), 7553 bis (much), 7554 bis (few colonies), 7558 (few masses), 7560 (few small pieces), 7563 (1 piece), 7565 (1 piece), 7565 bis (little), 7595 (1 piece), 7645 (small mass), 7732 (few masses), 7737 (1 large clump), 7738 (sev- eral small clumps), 7739 (3 clumps), 7745 (very little), 7749 (much), 7750 (very much), 7751 (much), 7752 (very much), 7754 (much), 7755 (few), 7757 (1 colony), 7759 (much), 7760 (much), 7764 (common), 7767 (much), 7768 (much), 7769 (little), 7782 (little). Supple- mentary station (1909): 7672 (small colony). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (abundant), 3 (abundant), 4 (few), 9 (several colonies), 10 (quantities), 11 (1 colony), 12 (several pieces), 13 (2 colonies), 22 (1 small colony), 25 (1 small colony), 27 (1), 34, 37 (few), 38 (1 mass), 44 (several pieces), 46, 47 (few small), 51 (few), 56 (few), 62 (abundant), 63 (abundant), 66 (few colonies), 69 (1 mass), 74 (many), 75 (few colonies). “ This species exists in two very dissimilar forms, which have been considered distinct species (the typical A. pellucidum, and A. constella- tum Verrill), but which are in reality not even true subspecies, as is shown by some colonies which in one part have the typical pellucidum characters, while in the remainder of the colony the constellatum characters are equally well developed.” — Van Name. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OB WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 733 Amaroucium pellucidum form constellation ( Verrill). [Chart 196.] Verrill, 1871a, p. 359 ( Amouroucium constellation , sp. nov.); Verrill, 1872 ( Amouroucium constel- latum); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 704, 388, etc. ( Amaroecium constellation ); Bumpus, 1898b {Amaroecium constellation ); Van Name, 1910, p. 406. Abundant and generally distributed in the east- ern half of Vineyard Sound ; elsewhere in the Sound, and in Buzzards Bay, it is almost wholly confined to the inshore stations; dredged in 1 to 15 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones. — Survey. Likewise com- mon on piles in Woods Hole Harbor, Vineyard Haven f and Edgartown.f Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (many clumps), 7522! (several masses)0, 7522 bis (several clumps), 7523 (several masses), 7523 bis (few masses), 7524 bis (1 mass), 7526 (1 small piece), 7527 (abundant), 7528 (many), 7530 (several masses), 7531 (3 small), 7532 (few), 7532 bis (1), 75 36 bis (1 small piece), 7537, 7538 (several pieces), 7539 (several masses), 7540 (few masses), 7544 (1 clump), 7547 (few), 7549 bis (1 small colony), 7553 bis (few colonies), 7557 (few small pieces)tffi, 7588 (2 pieces), 7595 (few pieces), 76x9 (2 masses), 7645 (1 small colony), 7737 (1 large clump), 7738 (several colonies), 7739 (little), 7740 (little), 7746 (little), 7748 (little)f, 7749 (much), 7750 (much), 7751 (much), 7752 (common), 7754 (much), 7758 (little), 7759 (little), 7760 (little), 7761 (little), 7763 (much)f , 7764 (little), 7765 (little), 7766 (very little), 7767 (little)f, 7768 (much), 7769 (little), 7770 (1 small piece), 7772 (very little), 7773 (little), 7775 (little), 7777 (little), 7781 (little). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1 (few pieces) 2 (few), 3 (few), 9 (1 colony), 10 (2 colonies), 11 (common), 12 (several pieces), 14 (1 colony), 22 (few), 24 (1 colony), 25 (few), 30 (1 mass), 32 (few pieces)?, 34 (few), 44 (scarce), 45 (many small), 46 (few small masses), 51 (few), 56 (few), 57 (few), 58 (few), 62 (several), 63 (many), in (young colony), 112, 113 (small colony), 118 (few colonies), 12 1 (several), 130 (few), 13 1 (few), 135, 136 (few). Supplementary station (1909): 83 (? 1 mass). Found frequently to contain large ova and em- bryos in July. — F. W. Bancroft, cited by Bumpus. Amaroucium glabrum Verrill. Van Name, 1910, p. 410. Vineyard Sound, near Cuttyhunk, at Fish Hawk station 7689! (9 fathoms, sand, and stones). Certain other specimens were referred by Prof. Ritter to this species, but are assigned to A. pellucidum constellation by Dr. Van Name. We have adopted the identifications of the latter authority in the case of the composite ascidians. Amaroucium stellatum Verrill. [Chart 197.] Verrill, 1871, p. 291 ( Amouroucium stellatum, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1872; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 704, 402, etc. ( Amaroecium stellatum)', Bumpus, 1898b ( Amaroecium stellatum)', Van Name, 1910, p. 416. Abundant and generally distributed throughout most of Vineyard Sound, though apparently wanting in the deeper parts at its western end; Crab Ledge, at several stations; not recorded from Buzzards Bay; dredged in 4^ to 17 fath- oms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones. — Survey. This species does not appear to occur in such shallow waters as the preceding, though the two are frequently taken together at mod- erate depths. They both form extensive col- onies, which commonly are readily distin- guishable from one another by their general appearance. A. stellatum has been collected by V. N. Edwards in shallow water at Sheep Pen Cove, though such specimens had perhaps drifted in from deeper waters. It is frequent in drifted material on Nobska Beach. Living specimens have been taken in January by both Mr. Edwards and Mr. Gray. Fish Hawk stations: 7523 (several masses), 7525 bis (many masses), 7526 (few small pieces), 7527 (abundant), 7528 (many), 7530 (several masses), 7531 bisf, 7532 (few), 7532 bis (many), 7535 (few), 7537 (several pieces), 7538 (many masses), 7539 (few masses), 7541 (few masses), 7541 bis (few), 7542 (many long and rope-like masses), 7542 bis (several living colonies), 7543 (2 pieces), 7543 bis (several masses), 7544 (sev- eral pieces), 7545 (few small pieces), 7547 (few pieces), 7548 (many pieces), 7550 bis (?), 7551 (1 piece)f, 7552 (few pieces), 7553 (few pieces), 7554 (several pieces), 7554 bis (numerous col- onies), 7556 (1 ropy mass), 7558 (many masses), 7560 (several pieces), 7561 (few masses), 7579 (3 large pieces), 7580 (1 mass), 7594 (1 large piece), 7603 (few small)*, 7605, 7606 (few), Dr. Van In the present report we have consistently 0 Specimens from stations 7522 and 7557 were identified as A . glabrum by Prof. Ritter, in the first case doubtfully. Name, after examining the same specimens, dissents from these determinations, followed Dr. Van Name’s identifications for all the composite ascidians submitted to him. bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 734 Amaroucium stellatum — Continued. 7724 (several clumps)t, 7725 (little), 7729, 7730, 7731 (little), 7732 (little), 7733 (little), 7734 (1 mass), 7740 (little), 7742, 7744 (little)f, 7745 (little)f, 7753 (1 mass), 7755 (1 mass), 7780 (2 colonies), 7782 (little), 7783 (little). Phalarope stations: 2 (large masses), 3 (few), 15 (few colonies), 63 (3), 74 (several), 76 (very abundant), 77 (few). Amaroucium sp. A species which Dr. Ritter believes to be unde- scribed was dredged at Crab Ledge (Fish Hawk stations 7605, 7606, 7608, and 7609) in 16 to 25 fathoms. Family Dolioeida;. Doliolum sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 707, 446; Bumpus, 1898b. Vineyard Sound. — A. Agassiz, cited by Verrill. Often taken near Gay Head. — Bumpus. Family SalpidaJ. Salpa democratica-mucronata Forskal. Gould, 1870, p. 6 ( Salpa caboti)] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 706,445, etc. ( Salpa caboii). Quite common in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. — Gould. “Found in wonderful abun- dance on September 8, off Gay Head and throughout the outer parts of Vineyard Sound, and on several other occasions were nearly as Salpa democratica-mucronata — Continued. abundant. ” — Verrill. The latter author speaks of these animals (locality not stated) as “at times completely filling the water for miles in every direction, from the surface to the depth of several fathoms, and ... so crowded that a bucket of water dipped up at random will often contain several quarts of Salpce.” Verrill mentions a variety cyanea, taken in “Vineyard Sound, especially off Gay Head, in September. ” Salpa zonaria-cordif ormis (Pallas). A specimen, thus identified by Prof. Ritter, was taken in the dredge (probably near surface) off Gay Head at Fish Hawk station 7718. Other specimens taken at the surface in the vicinity of Woods Hole (date unrecorded) have likewise been referred to this species by Prof. Ritter. Salpce of this or some other spe- cies are occasionally brought into the labora- tory in considerable numbers. Family Appendiculariid^E. Appendicularia sp. sp. Verrill and Smith (1873, p. 707, 446, etc.) list two undetermined species, “a” and “b”; and Bumpus (1898b) reports the occurrence of a species of this genus which was “abundant near Gay Head, on July 28.” Class MARSIPOBRANCHI1. Family Myxinid.e. Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus. Hag-fish, slime eel. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 7; Kendall, 1908, p. 1 (in neither work recorded south of Cape Cod). Crab Ledge, occasionally drawn up on codfish bait. — V. N. Edwards. Family PetromyzonimJ. Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus. Lamprey, lamprey eel. Baird, 1873, ( Petromyzon americanus ); Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 10; Petromyzon marinus — Continued. Bumpus, 1898a, p. 58; FI. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 1. Buzzards Bay. — Smith, Edwards. Vineyard Sound. — Edwards. Taken in traps in May and June; not common, though reported to have been more so formerly. Nantucket, one specimen reported April, 1904. — Sharp and Fowler. Known to spawn in Taunton River. — Edwards. Eggs ripe latter part of May; breeds as late as June 17. — Bumpus. Class PISCES. “ Family GaeEid^E. Mustelus cams (Mitchill). Dogfish (locally called “smooth dogfish,” to distinguish it from Squalus acanthias). Storer, 1867, p. 252; Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521; Bean, 1884; Jordan and Mustelus canis — Continued. Evermann, 1896, p. 29; Bumpus, 1898b, p. 851 ( Galeus canis)] H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Thompson, 1899; Linton, 1901, p. 425; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505; Field, 1907, p. 10 et seq.; Kendall, 1908, p. 3. “Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Dr. B. W. Evermann; thosefrom points designated by a dagger (t), by Dr. R. C. Osburn; those from points designated by a double dagger (t), by Dr. F B. Sumner. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OR WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 735 Mustelus canis — Continued. Throughout the region, very abundant in shal- lower waters, on all kinds of bottom. Taken in traps (sometimes ioo or more at once) and on lines; occasionally in the seine. Present from May to November, but most abundant in June. Females containing eggs and embryos taken throughout the summer. Bumpus believes that there are probably two broods, in June and August, respectively. Thompson reports the capture of three females containing 27 em- bryos, 10 to 11 cm. long as late as about Sep- tember 25. Food: Homarus americanus, Libinia emarginata, Cancer irreratus. — Verrill and Smith. Mostly crabs. — H. M. Smith. Usually crabs ( Pano - pens, Ovalipes, Cancer, Libinia, etc.), also squid, annelids, and fish.— Linton. In order of frequency: Cancer irroratus, Libinia emar- ginata, Homarus americanus, fishes (men- haden, puffer, scup, pipefish, sculpin, stickle- back), Ovalipes ocellatus, Loligo pealii, Nereis (mostly N. virens), eelgrass ( Zostera marina), Pagurus pollicaris, Ensis directus, Upogebia affinis, Panopeus depressus, Palcemonetes vul- garis, airrphipods, small gastropods. — I. A. Field. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris sp. Ces- todes (Linton) — Calliobothrium eschrichtii, C. verticillatum, Dibothrium sp., Otobothrium cre- nacolle, Phyllobothrium loliginis, Rhyncho- bothrium bulbifer, R. heterospine, R. lomenta- ceum, R. tumidulum, Synbothrium Jilicolle, Tetrarhynchus sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Alebion gracile, A. glabrum, Pandarus sinuatus. Galeocerdo tigrinus Muller & Henle. Tiger shark. Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521; Goode, 1884, p. 673; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 32; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Linton, 1901, p. 425; Kendall, 1908, p. 3. Woods Hole, 1871. — Goode. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in traps, occurring from August till October, rarely before August; present every year in variable abundance. — Smith. Formerly more common. — Edwards. Food: Buccinum undatum and Lunatia heros. — Verrill and Smith, Goode. Fish (menhaden and bonito), Busycon canaliculatum and squid. — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes — Acanthocheilus nidifex, Ascaris brevicapitata. Cestodes — -Cross- obothrium angustum, Monorygma sp., Orygma- tobothrium paulum, Synbothrium Jilicolle, Tet- rarhynchus bicolor, Thysanocephalum crispum. 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 13 Prionace glauca (Linnaeus). Great blue shark. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 33; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 503; Kendall, 1908, p. 4. Buzzards Bay, at breakwater, one taken in July, 1877. One 70 cm. long taken at Menemsha Bight, August 4, 1905 (collected by Edwards, identified by Osbum, Cole and Sumner). Another, which was reported to be about 12 feet long, was taken in a trap at the same point August 21, 1906; and large specimens were reported during the summers of 1907 and 1908, three being taken in the latter year. — - Edwards. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Parasites (Linton): — Anthrobothrium laciniatum, Crossobothrium angustum. Carcharhinus obscurus (Le Sueur). Dusky shark. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 520 ( Eulamia ob- scura); Bean, 1884 ( Carcharias obscurus)-, Jor- dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 35; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Linton, 1901, p. 426; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505: Kendall, 1908, p. 4. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, common. Present from June 1 through part of Novem- ber; taken in traps and on lines. — Smith. Not so abundant as formerly. — Edwards. Food: Homarus americanus, Cancer irroratus. — Verrill and Smith. Fish (menhaden and squeteague ) . — Linton . Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton)— Echinor- hynchus claveeceps. Cestodes (Linton) — Antho- bothrium laciniatum, Crossobothrium angustum, Discocephalum pileatum, Otobothrium crena- colle, Phoreiobothrium lasium, P. triloculatum, Platybothrium cervinum, Rhynchobothrium spe- ciosum, R. tumidulum, Synbothrium Jilicolle, Tetrarhynchus bicolor, T. bisulcatus, T. robus- tus, T. sp. Trematodes (Linton) — Gasterosto- mumarcuatum. Copepods(C. B. Wilson) — Ale- bion gracile, Pandarus smithii, P. cranchii, Perissopus communis . Carcharhinus milberti (Muller & Henle). Blue shark. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521 ( Eulamia mil- berti)-, Baird, 1873 ( Eulamia milberti)-, Jordan and Evermann, 1896^.37; H.M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Linton, 1901, p. 426;Kendall, 1908, p. 4. Four specimens about 4 feet long taken in a trap near the local breakwater, August 8, 1873. — Smith. None seen since. Food : One specimen contained a large quantity of Yoldia sapotilla. — Verrill and Smith. Bo- nito.— Linton. Parasites (Linton): Immature nematodes; ces- todes— Anthobothrium laciniatum, Crossoboth- rium angustum, Monorygma sp., Phoreioboth- rium lasium, Platybothrium parvum, Rhyncho- bothrium tenuispine. 736 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Carcliarhinns limbatus (Muller & Henle). Spot- ted-fin shark. Goode, 1884, p. 673 ( I sogomphodon viaculipinnis ); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 40; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Kendall, 1908, p. 5. Woods Hole in 1875. — Goode. Quisset Harbor and at breakwater, at least 20 specimens during summer of 1878; all found dead in traps. — Smith. Family Spiiyrnid^. Sphyrna zygasna (Linnaeus). Hammerhead shark. Storer, 1867, p. 263 ( Zygazna malleus)- Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 45; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Linton, 1901, p. 427; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505; Kendall, 1908, P- 5- Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Quisset Harbor; common. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Taken in traps from July to October, being most numerous in July and August. — Smith. Occasionally seen in local waters, swimming at the surface with caudal and dorsal fins project- ing above surface, being sometimes harpooned in such cases. Local specimens, so far as known, all immature. — Edwards. In recent years specimens have been recorded ranging in length from about 2 feet to 6 feet. Food: Fish and squid. — Linton. Parasites (Linton) : Nematodes — Ichthyonema sp. , Spiroptera pectinifer, immature nematodes. Cestodes — Anthobothrium laciniatum, Otoboth- rium crenacolle, Phoreiobothrium lasium, Platy- bothriuni parvum, Taenia sp., Tetrarhynchus sp. Family Alopiid/E. A lopias vulpes (Gmelin). Thresher shark. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 45; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 428; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505; Kendall, 1908, P- 5- Menemsha Bight (common), Gay Head, Buz- zards Bay; taken from April till late in the fall; traps and hand lines. — Smith. Nan- tucket.— Sharp and Fowler. This shark, like the preceding, is a surface swimmer. Food: Fish. — Linton. Family Carchariid^. Carcharias litloralis (Mitchill). Sand shark. Baird, 1873 ( Eugomphodus littoralis)-, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521 ( Eugomphodus littor- alis)-, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 46; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 428; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Field, 1907, p. i6etseq.; Kendall, 190S, p. 6. Carcharias littoralis — Continued. Everywhere in shoal waters of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, sometimes entering the mouth of streams; the commonest local shark with the exception of Mustelus canis. Nan- tucket.— Sharp and Fowler. Present from June to November. Traps, lines, occasionally in seines. Unripe eggs found July 8 and 10 (1890, 1892); immature through July. — F. R. Lillie in Ma- rine Biological Laboratory card catalogue. Mr. Edwards states that he has never found the eggs of this shark. Food: Homarus americanus, in abundance, Can- cer irroratus, Loligo pealii. — Verrill and Smith. Fish, crabs, and various other animals. — H. M. Smith. Menhaden, sea bass, scup, but- terfish, and squid. — Linton. In order of fre- quency: Menhaden (probably eaten after cap- ture in the trap), other fishes (flounder, scup, alewife, squeteague, sea robin, butterfish, bonito), squid. — I. A. Field. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus, E. carcharias. Nematodes (Lin- ton)— Acanthocheilus sp., Ascaris sp. Cestodes (Linton) — Crossobothrium angustum, C. lacini- atum, Rhynchobothrium longicorne. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Alebion gracile, Anthosoma crassum, Caligus rapax, Nesippus alatus, Pandarus sinuatus, P. smithii. Family Lamnid^. Isurus dekayi (Gill). Mackerel shark. Baird, 1873 (Isuropsis dekayi); Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 48; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 429; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Kendall, 1908, p. 6. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, in traps, particularly at Menemsha; comparatively common, though not so common as formerly. — Edwards. Most numerous in fall ; taken until December. — Smith . Food: Conger eel, fragments of fish. — Linton. Parasites: Immature nematodes. Cestodes (Lin- ton)— Anthobothrium laciniatum, Monorygma sp., Phyllobothrium sp., Platybothrium parnum, Tetra rhynchus robustus ,T hysa nocepha lum ridicu- lum. — Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Anthosoma crassum, Echthrogaleus coleoptratus. ILamna cornubica (Gmelin). Porbeagle, mackerel shark. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 49; Kendall, 1908, p. 7. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 737 fLamna cornubica — Continued. A shark believed to be of this species was taken at Wauwinet, Nantucket, July 29 (year?). — Howard Ayers, in Marine Biological Labora- tory card catalogue. Not otherwise recorded for this region. Carckarodon carcharias (Linnaeus). Man-eater shark. Baird, 1873 ( Carckarodon atwoodi); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 576; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 50; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 7. Buzzards Bay in neighborhood of Woods Hole, rare. Recorded by Baird in 1871; two speci- mens taken in local trap in 1903 (June 17 and 2S)- Parasites: Cestodes (Linton) — Dinabothrium sep- taria, Pkyllobothrium sp. Copepods — Echthro- galeus denticulaius (Verrill and Smith); Pan- darus sinuatus (C. B. Wilson). Family Cetorhinidas. tCetorhinus maximus (Gunner). Basking shark, bone shark. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 51. A specimen, apparently of this species, was taken in a trap at Menemsha Bight August 16, 1906. It was reported as being 12 to 14 feet long. This shark was identified by Prof. I. A. Field from a description given by Mr. Edy Flanders. It was called a “bone shark” by the fishermen. Another large specimen taken at same point in 1908. — Edwards. Family Squalid^. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus. Dogfish (called “horned” or “spiny” dog locally, to distin- guish it from Mustelus) . Storer, 1867, p. 257 ( Acanthias americanus) ; Baird, 1873 ( Squalus americanus)', Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 54; Bumpus, 1898 a, p. 58; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 430; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Field, 1907, p. 18; Kendall, 1908, p. 8. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound; compara- tively scarce in the neighborhood of Woods Hole at present, a fact in striking contrast to its pestiferous abundance at some other points of the coast. Formerly so numerous locally that it was the chief source of the “fish guano ” produced at the Woods Hole factory. Abun- dant at Nantucket, according to Sharp and Fowler. Taken in May, and again in smaller numbers in October; not taken locally in the Squalus acanthias — Continued. intervening months. — Edwards. Caught in traps, seines, and gill nets. Always full of well-developed embryos during the run. — Edwards. Embryos from Balfour’s “B” to 30 mm. in length; also young “pups” 6 inches long, July 2 to 17, 1895. — W. A. Locy, in Marine Biological Laboratory card cata- logue). Food: In May largely ctenophores. — Smith. In order of frequency: Ctenophores ( Pleurobrachia in great numbers, squid, Nereis, fishes (hake, herring). — I. A. Field. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris clavata. Cestodes (Linton) — Calliobothrium verticilla- tum, Monorygma sp., Phyllobothrium loliginis, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer, R. heterospine, R. imparispi'.ie, Trilocularia gracilis. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Anthosoma crassum, Caligus rapax. Family Squatinid.E. Sqv.atina squatina (Linnaeus). Angel fish, monk- fish. Baird, 1873, ( Squatina dumerili ); Jordan and Everman, 1896, p. 58; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Kendall, 1908, p. 10. A single specimen, weighing 35 or 40 pounds, and 3 or 4 feet long, was taken in a trap at Menem- sha Bight, September 1, 1873. — Smith. Family Rajid.E. Raja erinacea Mitchill. Common skate, summer skate. [Chart 198.] Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 68; Bumpus, 1898b, p. 851; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 430; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Field, 1907, p. 23; Kendall, 190S, p. 10; Sumner, 1910, fig. 10. Common everywhere on sandy bottoms in the deep and shoal waters of Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay having a much more restricted distribution. Present from April to Octo- ber.— Edwards. Taken in traps, fyke nets and seines. Likewise dredged by the Survey in from 6 to 17 fathoms, particularly in the western end of Vineyard Sound ; in the Bay dredgings only recorded from stations near the lower end. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 (1), 7542 (1), 7543 bis (1 small), 7547 bis (1 medium), 7548 (1), 7553 (2), 7561 (1), 7570 (x), 7571 (1), 7572 (1), 7579 (i)» 7S84 (1 young, 1 adult), 7592 (1), 7593 (1 large, 1 small), 7598 (1 male), 7602 (1 large, 1 small), 7662 (1 very small), 7663 (1 small), 7671 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 738 Raja erinacea — Continued. (1) , 7676 (2), 7681 (1 large, 1 small), 7686 (1), 7689 (1), 7698 (1 young), 7699 (1), 7700 (1), 7702 (1 small), 7703 (1 young), 7708 (1), 7717 (1 large, 1 small), 7719 (1), 7721 (1), 7722 (1), 7724 (2) , 7725 (1 small), 7726 (2 small), 7727 (1), 7728 (1 small), 7729 (1 small), 7730 (3), 7761 (1 small). Prof. I. A. Field has frequently found encapsuled eggs (never more than one at a time) in the ovi- ducts of this skate, at Menemsha Bight, during July and August. Judging from the condition of the ovaries he believes that the eggs are laid during the entire summer, perhaps from May until October. Bumpus states that “at times fully a bucketful of eggs have been deposited in the ‘fish cars’ in a single night” (month not stated). Food: Usually Crustacea (hermit crabs, Cancer, Callinectes, Panopens, etc., shrimps and am- phipods), annelids, also bivalve mollusks, squid, and fish. — Linton. In order of fre- quency: crabs (rock crab and lady crab), shrimps, small fishes (mostly Animodytes), squid, amphipods, razor clams, lobster, algse. — I. A. Field. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus sagittifer. Nematodes (Linton) — As- caris clavata, A. roiundata, immature nema- todes. Cestodes (Linton) — Eckeneibothrium variabile, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer, R. im- parispine, R. tenuispine, R. tumidulum, Tetra- rhynchus sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Ar- gulns laticauda, A. megalops, Caligus rapax, Lepeophtheirus edwardsi. Raja ocellata Mitchill. Winter skate, big skate. Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 68; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 58; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 431; Kendall, 1908, p. 11. Common in Vineyard Sound in water of at least 5 or 6 fathoms; never taken in shoal water, and not found in Buzzards Bay. — Edwards. A specimen doubtfully assigned to this species was taken in Vineyard Sound, August 8, 1905 (at Fish Hawk station 7730). Present from February till June, and from October till the end of trap fishing; absent or very rare in sum- mer.— Smith. Food: Squid and annelids. — Lir ton. Mostly c rab s .— E d wards . Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Acanthocheilus sp., Ascaris roiundata, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Linton) — Eckeneibothrium variabile, Phyllobothrium loliginis, Rhynchobothrium im- parispine. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus jap ax. Raja radiaia Donovan. Starry ray. Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 69; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Kendall, 1908, p. 12. Menemsha Bight, fish traps; not common, none having been taken for years. — Edwards. Raja eglanteria (Bose). Briar ray. Baird, 1873 ( Raia diaphana ); Bean, 1884 ( Raia eglanteria ); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p.71 ; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Kendall, 1908, p. 12. Menemsha, ndt common, a few every year; for- merly at the breakwater. — Smith. Woods Hole, one taken September 14, 1911. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes — Ascaris roiundata. Cestodes — Acanthoboihrium paulum, Antho- bothrium laciniatum, Rhinebothriurn minimum, Rhynchobothrium imparispine. Raja loevis Mitchill. Barndoor skate. Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521; Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 71; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 431; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506: Kendall, 1908, p. 13. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in traps. Common in spring and fall, rare in summer. — Smith. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Food: Crago septemspinosus, Cirolana concharum, Nephthys incisa, Cerebratulus lacteus, Phasco- losoma gouldii, Ensis directus , Tautogolabrus adspersus, Cancer irroratus, Homarus ameri- canus. — Verrill and Smith (R. loevis?). Lob- sters.— Linton. Crabs. — Edwards. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris ro- tundata. Cestodes (Linton) — Acanthoboihrium coronatum, Eckeneibothrium variabile, Mono- rygma sp., Phyllobothrium foliatum, P. loli- ginis, Rhinebothriurn minimum, Rhynchoboth- rium imparispine, Scolex polymorphus, Teira- rhynchus robustus. Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum veliporum, trematodes undeter- mined. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus curtus, C. rapax. Raja sp. Eggs of undetermined skates (probably chiefly R. erinacea) were dredged at the following points: Fish Hawk stations: 7543 bis (1), 7545 (few), 7545 bis (1), 7546 bis (2), 7547 bis (1), 7552 (1), 7554(2), 7554 bis (1), 7558 (several), 7561 (few), 7563 W- 7564 (1), 7565 (i)> 7591 (1), 7592 (few), 7593 (several, 1 living), 7599 (1), 7620 (1), 7629 (1), 7648, 7653 (1), 7657 (1), 7661 (1), 7664 (1), 7671 (2), 7672 (2), 7676 (1), 7679 (1), 7680 (1 living), 7682 (1), 7706, 7718 (few), 7720 (4), 7744 (1), 7752 (1 living). Phalarope stations: 52 (1), 65 (1). BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 739 Family Narcobatid.®. Tetronarce occidentalis (Storer). Torpedo, cramp fish. Storer, 1867, p. 272 ( Torpedo occidentalis)', Baird, 1873 ( Torpedo occidentalis)', Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 77; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 432; Kendall, 1908, p. 13. Menemsha Bight, in traps, from May till Novem- ber; most common late in the fall, at which time several may be taken together at one haul of the trap; reported, also, for Buzzards Bay. According to Smith the average weight of local specimens is 30 pounds. A specimen weighing 144 pounds was sent to the station from Nan- tucket, October 23, 1908. Eggs nearly ripe June 23, 1890. — Howard Ayers, in Marine Biological Laboratory card cata- logue . Food: Fish. — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Calyptrobothrium minus, C. occidentale, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer, R. im- parispine, Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus . Family Dasyatim;. Dasyatis centrum (Mitchill). Sting ray. Baird, 1873 (Try gon centrum); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521 (Trygon centrum)', Bean, 1834 ( Trygon centrum)', Jordan and Evermann, 1S96, p. 83; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Linton, 1901, p. 432; Kendall, 1908, p. 14. Common in Buzzards Bay; rare at Menemsha, appearing in June or early July. — Edwards. Taken in traps. Food: Cancer irroratus, Loligo pealii, Mya are- naria, Polynices keros. — Verrill and Smith. Crustacea and annelids, and in one case a small fish. — Linton. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris (?) sp., immature Cestodes (Linton) — Acanthoboth- rium paulum, Anthobothrium pulvinatum, Anthocephalum gracile, Lecanicephalum pelta- tum, Onckobothrium uncinatum, Orygmato- bothrium crenulatum, Paratcenia medusia, Phyl- lobothrium foliatum, Rhinebothrium cancellat- tum, R. flexile, Rhynchobothrium hispidum, R. imparispine, R. longispine, R. tenuispine, R. wageneri, Spongiobothrium uariabile, Synboth- rium filicolle, Tetrarhynchus robustus, T. lin- toni, T. sp. Trematodes (Linton) — Epib- della bumpusii Protozoa (Linton) — Intestinal parasites. Copepods (Wilson) — Alebion gra- cile, Caligus rapax, Lepeophtheirus thompsoni. IDasyatis hastata (DeKay). Sting ray. Storer, 1867, p. 269 (“ Pastinaca hastata” — uncer- tain whether D. hastata or D. centrum is in- tended); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 83; Kendall, 1908, p. 14. Holmes Hole (Vineyard Haven)? — Storer. Pteroplatea maclura (Le Sueur). — Butterfly ray. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 86; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Kendall, 1908, p. 14. Buzzards Bay, rare. — Edwards. Observed mostly in August and September. — Smith. One taken July 28, 1903. Food: Crabs. — Edwards. Family Myliobatid^. Myliobatis freminvillei Le Sueur. Eagle ray, sting ray. Baird, 1873, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 89; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Linton, 1901, p. 433; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 15. Buzzards Bay; taken in local trap from July to October; not very common. — Edwards. Food: Homarus americanus in abundance; also Cancer irroratus, Mya arenaria, Polynices heros. — Verrill and Smith. Large univalve mollusks, probably “ Sycotypus.” — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Cestodes — Acanthobothrium paulum., Eclieneibothrium sp., Rhinebothrium longicolle, Rhynchobothrium agile, R. impari- spine, Tetrarhynchus robustus. Trematodes — Distomum macrocotyle. Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill). Cow-nosed ray. Baird, 1873 ( Rhinoptera quadriloba); Bean, 1884 (Rhinoptera quadriloba)', Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 90; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Linton, 1901, p. 434; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Kendall, 1908, p. 15. Buzzards Bay and Menemsha Bight, common in traps; 145 taken at Menemsha in one day, October 15, 1902. — Edwards. Nantucket, Sharp and Fowler. Present from July to Octo- ber. No eggs noted. — Edwards. Ripe females, July 12, 1889. — Howard Ayers, in Marine Biologi- cal Laboratory card catalogue. Food: Clams, gastropods, small lobsters, crabs, other Crustacea. — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Echeneibothrium sp., Rhine- bothrium cancellatum, R. longicolle, Rhyncho- bothrium agile, R. brevispine? , Tetrarhynchus robustus, Tylocephalum pingue. 740 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Family Acipenserid.®. Acipenser sturio Linnaeus.® Common sturgeon. Baird, 1873 ( Acipenser oxyrhynchus and A. bre- virostris); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 105; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90 (A. sturio and A. bre- virostris); Bumpus, 1898b, p. 851 ( Acipenser brevirostris); Linton, 1901, p. 435 (A. sturio and A. brevirostris)', Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Kendall, 1908, p. 16 (A. sturio and A. brevirostrum ?). Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, occasional; at times common, half a dozen having been seen at once. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Most numerous in June and July. — Smith. As late as last of September.— Edwards. Taken in traps. Females carrying large eggs noted in June and July. — Edwards. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echinor- hynchus attenuatus (listed for “Acipenser bre- virostris”). Nematodes (Linton) — Dacnitis sphcerocephala. Cestodes: cysts. Trematodes (Linton) — Nitzschia elongata. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus rapax. Family Siujrid.E. Felichthys marinus (Mitchill). Sea catfish, gaff- topsail . Baird, 1873 (/. Elurichthys marinus)', Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 118; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Kendall, 1908, p. iS. One at Menemsha in 1871. — Baird. Reported from New Bedford in 1879 (Goode); from Menemsha in 18S6 (Smith). Another taken at same place September 11, 1906. Galeichthys f elis (Linnaeus). Sea catfish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 128 ( Hexane - matichthys felis ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Kendall, 1908, p. 18. Vineyard Sound, very rare, none being recorded since 1887; formerly reported common. — Smith. Family Anguiixid.-E. Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur). Eel. Storer, 1867, p. 215 ( Anguilla bostoniensis)', Baird, 1873 ( Anguilla bostoniensis)', Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p.348 (Anguilla chrysy pa) Bumpus, 1898, p. 4&6(Anguillachrysypa)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90 ( Anguilla chrysypa); Lin- ton, 1901, p. 435 ( Anguilla chrysypa)', Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506 ( Anguilla chrysypa)', Kendall, 1908, p. 32 ( Anguilla chrysypa)', B. Bean, 1909. Anguilla rostrata — Continued. Abundant and generally distributed along shores everywhere, particularly in weedy places; taken throughout the year. Three hundred and fifty barrels were caught in one trap in two weeks in October, 1896. — Smith. In winter they are speared through the ice. Young 2 to inches long taken in March. — Bumpus. Fishes of that length taken in tow in April and May. — Edwards. Food: Shrimps, crabs, annelids, mollusks, small fish. — Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echinorhyn- chus clavceceps, E. globulosus. Nematodes (Linton) — Agamonema capsularia, Lecano- cephalus annulatus, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Linton) — Dibothrium crassiceps, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer, R. heterospine, R. irnparispine, R. sp. (cysts), Scolex polymorphus, Taenia dilatata, T. sp. Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum grandiporum, D. ocrealum, D. vitel - losum, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Argulus laticauda. Family Leptoc epii ali d.E . Leptocephalus conger (Linnaeus). Conger eel. Baird, 1873 ( Conger oceanica); Bean, 1884 ( Con- ger niger)\ Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 354; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Linton, 1901, p. 436; Kendall, 1908, p. 33. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Great Harbor; very common for several years, but rather rare formerly; quite abundant in 1902, when 124 were taken in one fyke net at head of Great Harbor, in October. — Edwards. Appears in July and remains till fall. Taken in traps, lobster pots, and fyke nets and on lines. Largest recorded local specimen, caught at Fal- mouth, weighed 12 pounds. — Smith. Food: Fish (herring, butter-fish, eel), annelid (Nereis) . — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes — Dacnitis hians, immature nematodes. Cestodes — Rhynchoboth- riurn irnparispine, larval cestodes (Scolex poly- morphus). Trematodes — Distomum simplex, D. vitellosum. Family Mur^Enidze. Murcena retifera Goode & Bean. Moray. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 401; H. M. Smith, 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 34. One specimen (6 feet 2 inches long, weighing 39 pounds) taken in a lobster pot at Tuckernuck Island, July 25, 1899. — Smith. “ The various records for "Acipenser brevirostris" (=> brevirostrum ) probably refer to “blunt-nosed individuals of the common sturgeon.” — H. M. Smith. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS FI OLE AND VICINITY. 741 Family Elopid^E. Tarpon atlanticus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tar- pon. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 409; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 34. South Dartmouth (every year); occasionally at Quisset Harbor and Menemsha Bight. — Smith. Woods Hole. — Sherwood and Ed- wards. Present chiefly during latter part of September; one recorded for August 31. Taken in traps, but can not be sold locally for food. Weight of local specimens, 80 to 100 pounds, of uniform size. — Smith. Parasites (Linton): Ichthyonema globiceps. Elops saurus Linnaeus. Ten-pounder, big-eyed herring. Baird, 1873; Goode, 1884, p. 611; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 410; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 35. Marthas Vineyard, southward. — Goode. Vine- yard Sound, Vineyard Haven. — Smith. Ed- gartown, Tisbury Pond.— Edwards. Nan- tucket.— Sharp and Fowler. Common; re- ported as more numerous of late years. Present only in the fall, none being recorded before October; then taken in traps and herring gill nets. — Smith. Parasites (Linton): Rhynchobothrium bulbifer. Family Albui.id.®. Albula vulpes (Linnaeus). Ladyfish, bonefish. Baird, 1873 ( Conorhynchus macrocephalus); Jor- dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 411; Smith, 1898, p. 91; Kendall, 1908, p. 35. Menemsha Bight fish traps. — Edwards. Re- ported by Baird in 1871, but none seen for many years. — Smith. Family Clupeid^E. Etrumeus teres (De Kay). Round herring. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 420 ( Etrumeus sadina); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91 ( E . sadina); Kendall, 1908, p. 36. Buzzards Bay trap, Eel Pond, Menemsha Bight; ordinarily rare, occasionally common; very abundant in 1903, several barrels being taken in single lift of the trap ; abundant again in 1908, when they appeared in the local traps on July 3, and were taken until October 21. During part of this period many hundreds were taken at once. Parasites (Linton): Scolex polymorphus. Clupea harengus Linnaeus. Herring. Storer, 1867, p. 153 (Clupea elongata); Baird, 1873 C. elongata)-, Verrill, 1873, p. 520 (C. elongata)-, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 421; Bumpus, 1898 a, p. 59; Mead, 1898, p. 702 ; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, p. 437; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 36. Seasonally abundant and generally distributed throughout the region. Adults with spawn appear about October 15, remaining until cold weather. Taken in traps and gill nets. Spawn in the fall ; young taken in tow from Oc- tober to June; few or none in midsummer. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Crago septemspinosus, Mysis americana, Gammarus natator, also small fishes. — Verrill and Smith. (For young fish only): Squid, shrimps, annelids, copepods, other small Crus- tacea, including megalops of crabs, diatoms. Parasites (Linton) : Nematodes — Agamonema cap- sularia, Ascaris sp. (immature). Cestodes — Rhynchobothrium imparispine, larval cestodes (Scolex polymorphus). Trematodes — Disto- mum appendiculatum, D. bothryophoron, D. ocreatum, D. vitellosum. Protozoa- — sporozoa in muscles. Clupanodon pseudohispanicus (Poey). Spanish sardine . Kendall and .Smith, 1895, p. 17-18 (Clupea pseu- do his panica)’, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 423; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; 1901 a; Linton, 1901, p. 438; Kendall, 1908, p. 37. Menemsha Bight, Woods Hole, Eel Pond; gen- erally rare; abundant in 1892. — Smith. A number in 1900; 6 taken in Eel Pond, October and November, 1908. — Edwards. Appear dur- ing September, October, and November; taken in traps and seines. Food: Numerous copepods (August). — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Distomum appendiculatum. Pomolobus mediocris (Mitchill). — Hickory shad. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 425; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, p. 438; Kendall, 1908, p. 37. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, common, 3,500 having been taken in one trap. — Smith- Present from spring till end of trap-fishing sea. son; most numerous in the fall, when they are taken as food fish. Food : Fish , squid , small crabs , other Crustacea. — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes — Ascaris clavata, A. habena, A. sp. Cestodes — Larvse (Scolex polymorphus), Tetrarhynchus sp . Trematodes — Distomum appendiculatum. bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 742 Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson). Ale wife, branch herring (known locally as “herring”). Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 426; Bumpus, 1898, p. 486; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, p. 439; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507, Kendall, 1908, p. 38. Common throughout local waters, ascending streams in the spring. It arrives in March and April, passing then into fresh water and return- ing in May.— Smith. Abundant also in Octo- ber and November. — Edwards. Taken in traps and in dip-nets. Spawns in streams and ponds in April and May. Food (only young examined): All contained copepods, shrimps, young squid. — Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus; immature nematodes. Cestodes (Linton) — Rhynchobothrium imparispine, larvae (Scolex polymor phus) . Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum appendiculatum , D. bothryopkoron, D. vitellosum, Monostomum sp. Protozoa: sporozoa in muscles. Copepods (C. B. Wil- son)— A rgulus alosce, Caligus rapax, Lepeoph- theirus edwardsi. Pomolobus aestivalis (Mitchill). Glut herring, black back. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 426; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Kendall, 1908, p. 38. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, etc., common. Comes later than branch herring. — Smith. Taken in September and October. — Edwards. Spawns in brackish ponds. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes — Heterakis foveo- lata. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Shad. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 427; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 39. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, etc. Not un- common, though far less numerous than for- merly.— Smith. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fow- ler. Comes about May 1 , remaining only about a week; contains well advanced spawn on arri- val.—Edwards. Taken in traps. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris adunca, Ascaris sp. (immature). Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus rapax. Opisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur). Thread herring. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 432; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Kendall, 1908, p. 40. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, very rare, though reported as common one year (1885). — Smith. Several taken in 1901 and 1902. — Edwards. Occur from July till fall. Brevoortia tyrannies (Latrobe). Menhaden, pogy. Storer, 1867, p. 159 ( Alosa menhaden ); Baird, 1873 (Brevoortia menhaden)', Goode, 1879, p. 1-5 14; Peck, 1894; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 433; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; 1898b, p. 851; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, p. 440; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 40. Abundant everywhere throughout the region, swimming in schools at the surface and often running into brackish water; in winter prob- ably going to deep water. They arrive in schools about May 20, though scattered ones are taken in March, and remain till December 1 or later. Most abundant in June. Taken in traps and purse nets. One taken in 1876 measured 18 inches, probably the largest on record. — Smith. Reproduction not well understood (see H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91). Appears to breed in June, schools of young J4 to 1 inch in length being common during July.- — Bumpus, Edwards. Food: Minute Crustacea and unicellular animals and plants. (For full statement see Peck, 1894.) Parasites: Cestodes (Linton) — larva (Scolex poly- morphus), Synbothrium Jilicolle. Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum appendiculatum, D.fene- stratum, D. vitellosum, D. sp., Gasterostomum arcuatum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Bomo- lochus teres, Caligus chelifer, C. schistonyx, Ler- naseniscus radiatus, Lernanthropus brevoortiae. A serious epidemic occured among local men- haden in 1904; enormous numbers of dead drifted to shore in Narragansett Bay, and con- siderable numbers in New Bedford Harbor. Family Engraulidid.-p. Anchovia brownii (Gmelin). Anchovy. Goode, 1884, p. 611 (Stolephorus brownii)', Jor- dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 443 (Stolephorus brownii)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92 (Stolephorus brownii)', Linton, 1901, p. 440 (Stolephorus brownii)', Kendall, 1908, p. 41. Throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, Great Tisbury Pond ; usually abundant. Pres- ent from first of May till late in fall. — Edwards. Taken in traps and seines. With ripe spawn till August. — Edwards. Food: Usually copepods, also univalve mol- lusks.— Linton. Parasites (Linton): Immature nematodes. Ces- todes— larvae (Scolex polymorphus). Trema- todes— Distomum appendiculatum , D. sp. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 743 Anchovia argyrophaims (Cuvier & Valenciennes. Anchovy. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 444 ( Stolephorus argyrophanus ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92 ( Sto - lephorus argyrophanus)', Kendall, 1908, p. 41. Woods Hole, Menemsha Bight, Buzzards Bay trap, and Great Tisbury Pond; not uncommon at times; very plentiful in 1902, but not seen in 1903; abundant in 1905. — Edwards. Speci- mens in Woods Hole collection dated Novem- ber 20, 1899, and September 5, 1902. Most numerous in fall. — Smith. Traps and seines. Parasites (Linton): Scolex polymorphic. Anchovia mitckilli (Cuvier & Valenciennes). An- chovy. Goode, 1884, p. 61 1 ( Stolephorus mitckilli)', Jor- dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 446 ( Stolephorus mitchilli); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92 (Stolepho- rus mitckilli) ; Kendall, 1908, p. 42. Abundant, having a distribution the same as that of A . brownii, and occurring from the first of May till fall. — Edwards. Family Saemonidaj. Salmo salar Linnaeus. Atlantic salmon. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 486; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 44. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, a few (chiefly small specimens) taken every year, generally in May; a 25-pound specimen taken in trap at Menemsha, June 28, 1899. — Smith. No large specimens seen locally for a number of years.- — Edwards. Off Tuckernuck, 1 in 1904. — Sharp and Fowler. Parasites; Immature nematodes (A scans). Cope- pods (C. B. Wilson) — Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). Brook trout, speckled trout. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 506; H. M Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 46. Great and Little Harbors, entering salt water from streams and remaining through winter, when they are occasionally taken in fyke nets. — Smith. Parasites (C. B. Wilson): Lepeophtheirus sal- monis. Family Argentinim;. Osmerus mordax (Mitchill). Smelt. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 523; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92, Kendall, 1908, p. 48. Osmerus mordax — Continued. Eel Pond and Hadley Harbor, Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay generally. Present throughout the year but reported as most abundant in March. Taken in seines and fyke nets. Spawns in February and March.— Smith. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris sp. im- mature. Cestodes (Linton) — Dibothrium li- gula, Rhynchobothrium imparispine. Cope- pods (C. B. Wilson) — Argulus alosce. Family Synodontid^. Trachinocepkalus myops (Forster). Ground spear- ing, snake fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 533; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 49. Nobska; Great Harbor, rare, taken during years 1876, 1878, 1887, 1892 and 1898. — Smith. One taken in 1903.- — Edwards. Recorded for July, September, and October. Synodus feetens (Linnaeus). Lizard fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 538; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 50. Beach inside Nobska Point, Vineyard Sound, Great Tisbury Pond, Katama Bay, Buzzards Bay, Quisset Harbor. — Edwards. A few taken in the seine nearly every year during Septem- ber. Family Maurolicidal Maurolicus pennanti (Walbaum). Bean, 1884 ( Maurolicus borealis)', Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 96 ( M . borealis)', Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 577; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 50. Woods Hole, one found in January, 1884. — Smith. Buzzards Bay at local bathing beach, 21 speci- mens collected by Mr. Edwards on November 27, 1906 J. These fishes were found dead on shore, but were in good preservation. They had evident scales, which, however, were very thin; and a long, low, adipose caudal fin (cf. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 576). Family PcEciuimE. Fundulus majalis (Walbaum). Killifish, May fish, striped minnow, mummichog. Baird, 1873 (Hydrargyra majalis)', Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 639; H. M. Smith, 1898, p.92; Bumpus, 1898b, p. 851 ; Sharp and Fow- ler, 1904, p. 507, Kendall, 1908, p. 53. 744 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. Fit ndulus maja lis — Cont inued . Common nearly everywhere throughout the year, on sandy shores and among weeds; extremely abundant in certain localities. Vineyard Ha- ven (Lagoon Pond) is perhaps the most satis- factory local collecting ground. Commonly obtained with the seine. Begins spawning in June; fertile spawn obtain- able throughout July and early August. Prof. Whitman (Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue) states that the eggs are laid in sand 3 or 4 inches deep. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Heterakis sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Argulus funduli, A. megalops , Caligus rufimaculatus . Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus). Common killi- fisli, mummichog, common minnow. Baird, 1873 ( Fundulus pisculentus and F. multi- fasciatus ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 320 {Fundulus pisculentus)', Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 640; H. M. Smith, T898, p. 92; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; Bumpus, 1898b, p. 852; Linton, 1901, p. 441; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 54. Occurs everywhere and at all seasons in shallow weedy waters and on sandy shores, even where the sea water is considerably diluted; fre- quently taken in great abundance. Spawns throughout June and July; ripe spawn has been taken as early as the middle of May and as late as early August. Cross fertilization has been artificially effected between this spe- cies and F. majalis. Food: A variety of vegetable matter, eelgrass, etc., enormous numbers of diatoms and Fora- minifera; shrimps and other Crustacea. — Lin- ton.— Large numbers of Melampus bidenta- tus. — Verrill and Smith. In order of fre- quency: Diatoms (mostly Pleurosigma ), small Crustacea (amphipods), algae, prawns, Mol- gula, Nereis, eelgrass, small fishes (sp. ?), Haminea, lady crabs, Mya arenaria, Solenya velum. — I. A. Field. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Eckino- rhynchus acus, E. clavceceps. Nematodes (Lin- ton)— Ascaris sp. (immature), Heterakis sp. Cestodes (Linton) — Otobothrium crenacolle, lar- vae ( Scolex polymorphic). Trematodes (Lin- ton)— Diplostomum sp. (cyst in liver), Disto- mum tornatum, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wil- son)— Argulus funduli, A. megalops, Caligus rufimaculatus , Lernceeniscus radiatus. Locally this fish has for many years served as one of the most important objects of biological study and experimentation. Fundulus diaphanus (Le Sueur). — Killifish, fresh- water minnow. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 645; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 55. Waquoit Bay, Great Pond, Hadley Harbor, Eel Pond (rare), Tashmoo Pond (very abundant), Tisbury Pond (abundant). A brackish and fresh-water species, seldom or never found in undiluted sea water. Mr. Edwards records the unexpected presence of this fish in the small streams flowing down the clay bank at Gay Head. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala— -Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes — Heterakis sp. Ces- todes— Tania sp. Lucania parva (Baird & Girard). Rain-water fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 665; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 56. Waquoit Bay, and brackish ponds between latter and Woods Hole, Eel Pond, Quisset Harbor, Tashmoo Pond (few in 1904), Vineyard Haven, Katama, Tisbury Pond (many in 1906). A resident fish, fairly common in suitable locali- ties (weedy shores in brackish waters), but seldom taken in any abundance. Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepede. Short minnow, variegated minnow. Storer, 1867, p. 280; Baird, 1873; Gurley, 1893, 1894; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 671; Bumpus, 1898b, p. 852; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Linton, 1901, Kendall, 1908, p. 56. Salt and brackish water ponds near Falmouth, occasionally a few in Woods Hole Harbor; lo- cally abundant on shallow, weedy shores; a resident fish. Spawns in June. — Smith. Ripe eggs recorded July 13. — Osburn. Parasites: Myxobolus lintoni. — Gurley. Family Esocid^. Tylosurus marinus (Walbaum). Silver gar, bill- fish. Storer, 1867, p. 137 {Belone truncata)\ Baird, 1873 ( Belone longirostris)'. Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 714; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Linton, 1901, p. 442; Kendall, 1908, p. 56. Shores of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, common. Especially common at Quisset Har- bor.— Edwards. Present from May to Octo- ber.— Smith. Taken in traps and seines. Food: Fish and shrimps. — Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus clavaeceps. Cestodes (Linton) — larvae BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 745 Tylosurus marinus — Continued. (Scolex polymorphus). Trematodes (Linton)— Gasterostomum sp., Microcotyle sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligodes cephalus, Lepeoph- theirus edwardsi. Tylosurus acus (Lacepede). Houndfish. Goode, 1879, p. 6 ( Belone latimanus); 1884a, p. 459 (Tylosurus caribbceus); Bean, 1884 (T. carib- bceus)-, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 716; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Kendall, 1908, p. 57. Woods Hole. — Goode, Bean. Woods Hole in Buzzards Bay trap, occasional specimens taken, one in 1902. — Edwards. A specimen in local collection, about 4 feet long, dated July 27, 1886. Nantucket, rare. — Sharp and Fowler. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus pristis; Nematodes — Ascaris sp. im- mature. Cestodes — Diboihrium restiforme, Rhynchobothrium speciosum. Trematodes — Distomum nitens. On the 1886 specimen a cluster of stalked bar- nacles ( Conchoderma virgaturn ) was growing between the eyes. Athlennes Mans (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 718; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Kendall, 1908, p. 57. Buzzards Bay trap, one taken in summer of 1895. — Smith. A second on August 14, 1902. — Edwards. Family Hemiramphid^e. Hyporhamphus robertia (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Half beak, skipper. Cope, 1870, (Hemirhamphus unifasciatus)-, Goode, 1884a, p. 461 (Hyporhamphus unifasciatus)-, Jor- dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 721; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Kendall, 1908, p. 57. Newport. — Cope. Woods Hole. — Goode. Me- nemsha, West Falmouth, Gay Head, common to abundant. — Smith. Present in July, Au- gust, and September. Taken with the seine or in the fish traps. Hemirhamphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus). Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 722; H. M. Smith, 1898a, p. 544. Woods Hole, in Buzzards Bay, August 9, 1898, a specimen 5X inches long. — Smith. Euleptorhamphus velox Poey. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 724; Kendall, 1908, p. 58. Newport. — Goode. Off Family ScombresociD/E. Scombresox saums (Walbaum). Saury, skipper. Baird, 1873 (Scomberesox scutellatus) ; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 725; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Kendall, 1908, p. 58. Nobska Point. — Smith. Menemsha (1905), Plad- ley Flarbor (1906). — Edwards. Commonly very rare locally, though many have been taken on two occasions (1905 and 1906). Rec- ords for August, September, and December. Family Exoccetid/E. Parexoccetus mesogaster (Bloch). Flying -fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 728; Kendall, 1908, p. 59. Newport. — Jordan and Meek. Exoccetus rondeletii (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Flying-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 733; H. M. Smith, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 59. Menemsha Bight, one specimen taken in trap October 13, 1900. — Smith. A specimen in the local collection, dated August 7, 18S6, and labelled “Exoccetus volitans,” seems to belong to the present species. — Sumner. Exoccetus volitans Linnaeus. Flying-fish. Baird, 1873 ( Exoccetus melanurus)-, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 734; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Kendall, 1908, p. 59. Vineyard Sound, especially in traps at Menem- sha Bight; also at Great Harbor; of variable frequency, but usually scarce. Appears during September and October. — Edwards. The authors have not seen any specimens of this species from local waters. One so labeled in the museum of the station is probably E. rondeletii. Cypselurus heterurus (Rafinesque). Flying-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 735 ( Exoccetus heterurus ); Smith, 1899; 1900 ( Exoccetus hete- rurus); Kendall, 1908, p. 59. Woods Plole in 1886; Menemsha Bight, one speci- men seined on August 1, 1899; another in trap, August 21. — Smith. Several specimens of this species in the National Museum are from Woods Hole or vicinity. Two fishes of this species were taken at Menemsha Bight, July 10, 1908 (identified by F. B. Sumner). This is prob- ably the commonest local flying-fish. Cypselurus f meatus (Mitchill). Flying-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 737 ( Exoccetus furcatus)', Kendall, 1908, p. 60. Newport. — Jordan and Meek. Nantucket. — Putnam. “Local records for " Hyporkampus unifasciatus" are believed to refer to H. roberti. 746 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Cypselurus gibbifrons (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 741 ( Exocoetus gibbifrons)-, Kendall, 1908, p. 60. Newport. — Jordan and Evermann. Family Gasterosteid.E. Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus). Nine-spined stickleback. Baird, 1873 ( Pygosteus dekayi ); Bean, 1884 ( Py- gosteus pungitius ); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 745 ( Pygosteus pungitius ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93 {Pygosteus pungitius)] Ken- dall, 1908, p. 61. Eel Pond, Quisset Harbor, Hadley Harbor, La- good Pond; common at the head of harbors where water is not fully salt. — Edwards. A resident fish. Taken with seine. Spawns in April and May. — Edwards. Parasites: A small Distomum. — Linton. Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. Three-spined stickleback. Baird, 1873 ( Gasterosteus biaculeatus); Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 747; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93 ( Gasterosteus bispinosus) Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59 ( Gasterosteus bispinosus)-, Kendall, 1908, p. 61. Shores everywhere; the most common local stickleback. A resident fish, taken in greatest abundance in March and April. — Edwards. Dredged at Blue Wing station 50. Breeds in May and early June. — Edwards. Gasterosteus bispinosus Walbaum.“ Stickleback. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 748; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93 ( Gasterosteus gladiunculus ); Kendall, 1908, p. 63. Smith (1898) records the capture of one speci- men of “ Gasterosteus gladiunculus Kendall,” in October, 1897. Dr. Kendall informs us that this species, now known to be G. bispino- sus Walbaum, is fairly common at Woods Hole in summer, but that few except small speci- mens have been taken, these being collected by the tow net. Apelles quadracus (Mitchill). Four-spined stickle- back. Baird, 1873; Bean, 18S4; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 752; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; H. M. k Smith, 1898, p. 93; Linton, 1901, p. 443; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 63. Very common, along shores everywhere, both in salt and brackish water; taken at all seasons. Spawns in May and June. Food: Copepods. — Linton. Family Fistulariidaj. Fistularia tabacaria Linnaeus. Trumpet-fish. Storer, 1867, p. 141 {Fistularia serraia)-, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 755; H. M. Smith, 1895, p. 94; 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 64. Buzzards Bay near Quissett, a few every year; Great Harbor. — Smith. Tisbury Pond. — Ed- wards. A specimen in the museum was taken in the inclosure of the local pier, close to the laboratory. Present in September, October, and early November. Taken with the seine* Usual size 7 or 8 inches. — Smith . Largest, seined November 1, 1899, 20 inches in length, exclu- sive of tail. — Edwards. Family Syngnathid^. Syngnalhus fuscus Storer. Pipefish. [Chart 199.] Baird, 1873 {Syngnathus peckianus)\ Bean, 1884 {Siphostoma fuscum); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 770 {Siphostoma fuscum ;) H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94 {Siphostoma fuscum)-, Bumpus, 1898, p. 486; 1898a, p. 59 {Siphostoma fuscum)-, Linton, 1901, p. 443 {Siphostoma fuscum ); Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507 {Siphostoma fuscum)] Kendall, 1908, p. 65. Very common among eelgrass along shores every- where ; also taken by means of the dip net in the open Sound among floating weed. A resi- dent species Dredged by the Survey at scat- tered stations throughout Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, in waters of 2 to 17 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7530 bis (1), 7551 (2), 7554 (2), 7564 bis (1), 7566 (1 small), 7570 (1 small), 7576 (several small), 7577 (2 young), 7580 (2, 1 a male with eggs in pouch), 7582 (1), 7591 (1 small), 7598 (1 small), 7600 (1 large), 7602 (1), 7622 (3, 1 a male with well-developed eggs), 7633 (1), 7657 v1). 7673 (i)> 7761 (*)’ 7762 (2, 1 a male with eggs), 7778 (1), 7783 (1 male with eggs). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 50 (4), 53 (several), 73 (1), 109 (1 adult male with eggs), 150 (male with eggs), 154 (1 small), 158 (1). Spawns about June 1; males carrying eggs in the brood pouch found throughout July. “Breeding” as early as May 13. — Bumpus. Young taken in tow from April to August. — Records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Small Crustacea.— Linton. Parasites: Rhynchobothrium heterospine. — Linton. Hippocampus hudsonius De Kay. Sea-horse. Storer, 1867, p. 223; Baird, 1873; Goode, 1884, p. 172 {Hippocampus heptagonus)-, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 777; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 65. a This is not the " Gasterosteus bispinosus ” of former Woods Hole lists, which really referred to G. aculeatus. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 747 Hippocampus hudsonius — Continued. Woods Hole. — Goode. Vineyard Sound, in gulf- weed or rockweed; a few every year, during August and September. — Smith. Gay Head, one specimen. — Edwards. A dead specimen taken dredging in Tarpaulin Cove, July, 1903. Family Atherinid/E. Menidia beryllina cerea Kendall. Silverside. Kendall and Smith, 1895, p. 21 ( M . beryllina ); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 797 ( Menidia gracilis ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94 (M. gracilis ); Bumpus, 1898b (M. gracilis)', Kendall, 1902, p. 261; Kendall, 1908, p. 66. Shores everywhere, abundant, appearing early in spring. Often seen in dense bodies about piers in July, August, and September and as late as December. — Smith. Spawns in June and July; seems to spawn later than M. notata. — Bumpus. Menidia menidia notata (Mitchill). Silverside. Baird, 1873 ( Chirostoma notata)-, Bean, 1884 (Menidia notata) , Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 800 (M. notata)-, 1898, p. 2840 ( Menidia menidia notata)-, Bumpus, 1898b, p. 852 (M. notata)-, H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94 (M. notata)-, Kendall, 1902 (M. notata)-, Linton, 1901, p. 443 (M. notata)-, Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508 (M. notata)-, Kendall, 1908, p. 66. Shores everywhere, very abundant, more so than the foregoing species. Taken from April to December, being most abundant late in the fall. Spawns in June and July. Eggs in ropy threads attached to beach grass above low-tide level. — Edwards. Fry 1% cm. in length at surface in July. — Bumpus. Food: Small Crustacea, shrimps, vegetable ma- terial, annelids, univalve mollusks, diatoms. — Linton. Kendall (1902) gives a number of tables of food of “ silversides ” without specify- ing species. The records probably refer to the present form. This fish is, in its turn, an im- portant item of food for larger species. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Filaria sp. (im- mature). Cestodes (Linton) — larva ( Rhyn - chobothrium bulbifer, R. imparispine). Tre- matodes (Linton) — Distomum tornatum, D. valdeinflatum, D. sp., Gasterostomum sp. Co- pepods (C. B. Wilson) — Ergasilus manicatus. Family Mugieid^E. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus. Striped mullet. Baird, 1873 ( Mugil lineatus)-, Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 811; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Linton, 1901, p. 444; Kendall, 1908, p. 67. Woods Hole, Great Pond, Vineyard Haven; com- mon along shores locally. Present from June to December; most common in the fall. Local specimens all appear to be immature, and the fish does not seem to spawn here. — Edwards. A specimen 13 inches long taken in 1900. Food: Diatoms, green algas, occasionally cope- pods. — Linton. Parasites: Caligus rufimaculatus. — C. B. Wilson. Mugil curema Cuvier & Valenciennes. White mullet. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 813; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Kendall, 1908, p. 68. Woods Hole, Quisset, Vineyard Haven. Com- mon from July 1st to October. — Smith. Lo- cal specimens all immature. — Edwards. Young inches in length taken June 28. — Bumpus. It is not certain that all the foregoing records are reliable, since some confusion seems to have occurred in the identification of local mullets. Three specimens in the Woods Hole collection, which had been labeled “Mugil curema,” are in reality M. cephalus. — Sumner. Mugil sp. undetermined (immature). Kendall and Smith, 1895, p. 20 ( Querimana gyrans)-, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 818 (Querimana gyrans)-, H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94 (Querimana gyrans)-, Kendall, 1908, p. 68 (Mugil trichodon). An immature form which has for a number of years been listed locally as “Querimana gy- rans,” occurs at Woods Hole and vicinity dur- ing the summer and fall. (Concerning iden- tity, see Bean, Catalogue of the Fishes of New York, 1903; Smith, The Fishes of North Caro- lina, 1907). Family Sphyr.Enid,e. Sphyrcena barracuda (Walbaum). Barracuda. Goode, 1884, p. 448 (Sphyrcena picuda); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 823 (S. picuda)-, H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Kendall, 1908, p. 68. Woods Hole, Quisset Harbor, a rare straggler, only a few specimens having been taken, the last recorded being in September, 1897. — Smith. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 748 Sphyrcena guachancho Cuvier & Valenciennes. Barracuda. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 824; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Kendall, 1908, p. 69. Only two records: Woods Hole, July 7, 1876; Buzzards Bay, July 17, 1883. — Smith. Sphyrcena borealis DeKay. Barracuda. Storer, 1867, p. 86; Goode, 1884, p. 448; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 825; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Linton, 1901, p. 444; Kendall, 1908, p. 69. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, Katama Bay, Gay Head. The young fishes are common, adults rare, seldom reaching 12 inches in length. — Smith. Present from July to December; most common after October 1. — Smith. Taken in traps and seines. Food: Young fish, young gastropods. — Linton. Family Polynemid^. Polydactylies octonemus (Girard). Eight-threaded threadfin. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 830; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Kendall, 1908, p. 69. One taken by seine in Little Harbor in Septem- ber, 1882. — Smith. Another, 6J4 inches long, in trap at Menemsha Bight, October 28, 1908 (collected by Edwards, identified by Sumner). Family Ammodytid/E. Ammodytes americanus De Kay. Sand launce, sand eel, lant. [Chart 200 ] Baird, 1873; Storer, 1867, p. 217; Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 833; Bumpus, 1898, p. 486; Mead, 1898, p. 902; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 95 {A. americanus and A. dubius ); Kendall, 1908, p. 70. Abundant throughout region, frequenting sandy beaches and flats, and darting into the sand when disturbed. Taken throughout the year, though most abundant late in fall and early spring; rare in winter.— Smith. Dredged by the Survey throughout Vineyard Sound at depths of 21/, to 13 fathoms, on sandy bottoms; not taken in Buzzards Bay dredgings. Young in tow from to 1 inch in length in March, 1898. — Bumpus. Young taken from January till November, being most frequent from March to May, especially April. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Fish Hawk stations: 7533 (2), 7540 (6), 7545 (1 small), 7546 bis (1), 7562 (3), 7562 bis (3), 7566 (x), 7569 bis (about 12), 7575 (1), 7596 (several), 7703 (few), 7704 (few), 7705 (many), 7739 (1), 7771 (2). A mmodytes americanus — Continued . Phalarope stations: 43 (2), 60 (1). Important food for mackerel (Smith), and prob- ably other fishes. Parasites: Cestodes (Linton) — Rkynckobothrium bulbifer, R. imparispine (listed for "Ammo- dytes dubius’’). Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — • Caligus rapax. Family HoLOCENTRimE. IHolocentrus tortugce Jordan & Thompson. Squirrel-fish. H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900, 1901a; Kendall, 1908, p. 70 (these specimens were referred to Holo- centrus ascensionis (Osbeck)). Katama Bay; one young specimen seined Sep- tember 1, 1899, another August 28, 1900. Family Muluoe. Mullus auratus (Jordan & Gilbert). Goatfish, sur- mullet. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 856; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 95; Kendall, 1908, p. 71. “Rare. Taken every year in September, mostly in Quisset Harbor. ’ ’ — Smith. Specimens from the following points are contained in the local collection: Woods Hole (4 specimens, July 25, 1894); Menemsha Bight (22 in one seine haul, July 29, 1908, and again in some numbers, August 19, 1908), Great Harbor (one speci- men, September 20, 1908). A young fish, probably of this species, was dredged by the Fish Hawk in Buzzards Bay during the sum- mer of 1906. The foregoing specimens are all small (mostly 4 inches or less in length). Family ScoMBRim®. Scomber scombrus Linnaeus. Common mackerel. Storer, 1867, p. 55 (Scomber nernalis) ; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 516 (Scomber vernalis); Baird, 1873 ; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 865; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 95; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 444; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Kendall, 1908, p. 71. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; believed to be less abundant here than formerly, though still taken on a commercial scale. According to Smith (1898) the mackerel appear about June 1, for two weeks, then disappear for a few weeks for spawning (?); after reappearance, they remain through November. Mr. Ed- wards states that they arrive the first week in May, and remain in the region till November; that they are scarce in the Bay trap after July BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 749 Scomber scombrus — Continued. i, though taken in Menemsha traps and by line fishermen till November. First one in 1898 taken May 3 (Bumpus); first in 1900 taken April 29 (Sherwood and Edwards). Spawns during middle and latter part of June, offshore. — Bumpus. In the middleof May fish are taken with ripe eggs and milt, this condi- tion lasting about a month; young, 2j4 inches long, recorded June 3, 1903. — Edwards. Food: Some taken in July, 20 miles south of No Mans Land, contained shrimps, various larval and immature Crustacea, copepods, and nu- merous pteropods. — Verrill and Smith. Small fish, small Crustacea, squid, copepods (re- corded for young fish only). — Linton. Parasites; Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Agamo- nema capsularia (immature), A. papilligerus, Ascaris capsularia, A. clavata, A. sp. Cestodes (Linton) — Dibothrium punctatum, D. sp. (lar- va), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer, R. impanspine, R. speciosum, Scolex polymorphus (larva), Te- trarhynchus bisulcalus . Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum appendiculatum, D. gulosum. D. vitellosum, Octocotyle major. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus rapax. An extensive local mackerel fishery exists, chiefly by means of lines operated from small schooners. Many are likewise taken in gill nets during May and June, and by traps throughout the season. Scomber colias Gmelin. Chub mackerel, bull’s-eye mackerel. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 866; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 95; Kendall, 1908, p. 72 (Scom- ber japonicus). Vineyard Sound and lower part of Buzzards Bay, uncommon to abundant. — Smith. About 5,000 taken at Menemsha, August 25, 1906. — Ed- wards. Abundant in 1908. Taken in traps and on lines, along with other mackerel, from July 15 to the end of October. — Smith. This fish is sold by local fishermen along with the common mackerel. Auxis i. hazard (Lacepede.) Frigate mackerel. Goode, 1884a, p. 305; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 867; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 95; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 72. Sow and Pigs Lightship. — A. H. Clark, cited by Goode. Menemsha Bight (1885), Woods Hole (June 29, 1892 [2 specimens]). — Smith. Ap- parently very rare in local waters. Gymnosarda pelamis (Linnaeus). Oceanic bonito. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 868; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Kendall, 1908, p. 72. Menemsha Bight, recorded for only one season (1878), in which year they were abundant, 2,000 to 3,000 being taken in the traps during several weeks. — Smith. Taken again October 10, 1905.' — Edwards. Parasites: Tristomum leave. — Linton. Gymnosarda alleterata (Rafinesque). Little tunny, bonito. Baird, 1873 ( Orcynus alliteratus)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 516 (Orcynus thunnina ); Goode, 1884a, p. 322 (Orcynus alliteratus)', Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 869; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Kendall, 1908, p. 73. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. — Goode. Taken regularly at Menemsha, where some- times as many as xoo are taken at a single lift of the trap. — Smith. Present in July and Au- gust. They are said to be all of about the same size (about 8 pounds). Food: One local specimen in August contained 11 Loligo pealii. — Verrill and Smith. Parasites (Linton): Cestodes — Rhynchobothrium bulbifer. Trematodes — Distomum monticellii. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus). Horse mackerel, tunny. Baird, 1873 (Orcynus secundi-dorsalis ); Bean, 1884 (Orcynus thynnus ); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 870; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Linton, 1901, p. 445; Kendall, 1908, p. 73. Quisset Harbor, Buzzards Bay, Menemsha, No Mans Land (6 in 1904). Formerly plentiful but now rare. Several at Menemsha in 1908. — Edwards. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Taken in traps. Food: Squid (only one fish examined). — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echinor- hynchus sp. Trematodes — Distomum clava- tum. Germo alalunga (Gmelin). Long-finned albacore. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 871; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Kendall, 1908, p. 74. One taken in a fyke net in Great Harbor, May 21, 1895, this being the only known occurrence on the Atlantic coast of the United States.— Smith. Sarda sarda (Bloch). Bonito. Storer, 1867, p. 64 (Pclamys sarda)', Baird, 1873 (Sarda pelamys ); Verrill, 1873, p. 516 (Sarda pelarnys)\ Goode, 1884a, p. 319; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 872; H. M. Smith, 1898, 750 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Sarda sarda — Continued. p. 96; Linton, 1901, p. 445; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 74. Vineyard Sound, from Gay Head to Woods Hole, also Buzzards Bay; scarce to abundant, usu- ally common. Taken in local traps from June to first of October. A fine food fish. Spawns throughout June. — Edwards. Food: An abundant of Crago septemspinosus. — ■ Verrill and Smith. Fish and squid. — Linton. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris sp. (im- mature), Ichthyonema sp. Cestodes (Linton) — Otobothrium crenacolle (cysts), Rhynchoboth - rium bulbifer (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae), T etrarhynchus bicolor , T. sp. Trematodes (Linton) — Disto- mum pyriforme, D. vitellosum, Gasterostomum arcuatum; Hexacotyle thynni, N ematobothrium sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson): Caligus bonito, C. exilis, C. mutabilis. Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill). Spanish mackerel. Baird, 1873 ( Cybium maculatum ); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 874; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 446; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Kendall, 1908, p. 74. Buzzards Bay at local fish trap, also Vineyard Sound; formerly abundant, now rare and growing scarcer. — Smith. One reported in 1898; three in 1900; only one in 1902. — Ed- wards. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Has been taken from August to October. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes — Ascaris clavata, A. habena, A. incurva, Ichthyonema globiceps, immature nematodes. Cestodes — Rhyncho- bothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. longispine (cysts), R. speciosum (cysts), Synbothrium jilicolle (cysts). Trematodes — Distomum sp., Gaste- rostomum sp. Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch). Kingfish, cero. Baird, 1873 ( Cybium regale)', Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 875; H. M. Smith, 1893, p. 96; Linton, 1901, p. 447; Kendall, 1908, p. 75. Buzzards Bay; about as common as S. cavalla. — Smith. Few taken lately. — Edwards. Food: Small fish. — Linton. Parasites: Synbothrium Jilicolle (cysts), Tetrar- hynchus sp. (cysts). — Linton. Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier). Kingfish, cero. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 875; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Linton, 1901, p. 447; Ken- dall, 1898, p. 75. Scomberomorus cavalla — Continued. Menemsha Bight, Quisset Harbor; formerly much more common than the Spanish mack- erel.— Smith. Three recorded in 1901, one in 1902, none in 1903. — Edwards. Present from July 1 to end of trap fishing. Food: Fish and squid. — Linton. Parasites: Synbothrium Jilicolle (cysts). — Linton. Family Trichiurid/E. Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus. Cutlass-fish, scab- bard-fish. Storer, 1867, p. 70; Goode, 1884a, p. 335; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 889; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 76. Woods Hole, for “past 10 years.” — Goode, 1884. Woods Hole, Buzzards Bay, Menemsha Bight, Cuttyhunk, Vineyard Haven, Cedar Tree Neck. — Edwards. Nantucket.— Sharp and Fowler. Rather rare; one or two each year; four taken in 1903 (near breakwater). Present from June till October. — Edwards. Taken in traps. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rynchus acus. Cestodes (Linton) — Otoboth- rium crenacolle (cysts), Rhynchobothrium speci- osum (cysts), Scolex polymorphus. Trema- todes (Linton) — Distomum sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus chelifer, C. rapax. These fishes are occasionally sent to the Woods Hole station as curiosities. Family Istiophorid^. Istiophorus nigricans (Lacepede). Sailfish. Baird, 1873 ( Histiophorus gladius)', Goode, 1883, p. 304 ( Histiophorus americanus)', Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 891; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Linton, 1901, p. 448; Kendall, 1908, p. 76. Quisset Harbor; rare, a half dozen having been taken in 25 years. — Smith. Taken in early fall. Parasites: Dibothrium mamibriforme. — Linton. Tetrapterus imperator (Bloch & Schneider). Spear- fish. Baird, 1873 ( Tetrapterus albidus); Goode, 1883, p. 303 ( Tetrapterus albidus)', Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 892; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Kendall, 1908, p. 76. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 751 Tetrapterus imperator — Continued. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Ouisset Harbor; generally rare; numbers taken in local traps, during July and August, from 1885 to 1890. — Smith. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes — Ascaris incurva. Cestodes — Dibothrium manubri/orme, Tetra- rhynchus sp. (cysts). Family Xiphiim;. Xiphias gladius Linnaeus. Swordfish. Storer, 1867, p. 72; Baird, 1873; Goode, 1883, p. 291; Goode, 1884a, p. 336; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 894; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Kendall, 1908, P- 77- Off Gay Head and No Mans Land, western end of Vineyard Sound; abundant enough to occupy a swordfishing fleet during the latter part of the summer. Present from July 1 to October; most common in July and August. — Edwards. Taken by spearing from a “pulpit” on the bowsprit of a sloop or small schooner. Probably do not breed locally. — Goode. Food: Fish and squid. — Linton. In one speci- men 11 hake (1 to 2 feet long) and 1 menhaden were found; in another, 9 menhaden; the food is, however, more commonly squid. — Edwards. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris incurva. Cestodes (Linton) — Dibothrium plicatum , Oto- bothrium crenacolle (cysts), Phyllobothrium loliginis (immature), Rhynchobothrium attenu- atum, R. imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymor- phus, Tetrarhynchus bicolor (cysts), T. bisul- catus (cysts). Trematodes — Distomum clava- tum , Tristomum coccineum, T. papillosum. Cope pods ( Linton ) — Phi Itch thys xiphice. Cope- pods (C. B. Wilson) — Branchiella ramosa , Caligus chelifer, C. rapax, Chondr acanthus mer- luccii, Penella costai, P.filosa. Family Carangid^. Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider). Leather jacket. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 898; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Kendall, 1908, p. 77. Only four records for this region: Menemsha Bight traps in 1874 and August 13, 1875; break- water, September, 1886; Newport, September, 1886. — Smith. 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus). Pilot-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 900; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Kendall, 1908, p. 78. “Reported by Baird in 1871.” — Smith. Two others reported by Dr. Smith from Great Har- bor, Woods Hole, September 9 and 10, 1898. The first was seined, the other caught off the wharf. Seriola zonata (Mitchill). Rudder-fish; pilot-fish. Baird, 1873 ( Halatractus zonatus)', Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 902; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 78. Vineyard Sound, Eel Pond, Great Harbor, Quis- set Harbor, Hadley Harbor, Woods Hole, and elsewhere. — Smith. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Rather common about piers, pound- net stakes, vessels, and under floating seaweed and eelgrass. Present from July to October. Taken by dip net, pound, and seine. Food: Menidia gracilis. — Smith. Fish (probably butterfish) . — Linton . Parasites (Linton): Nematodes — Ascaris incurva. Cestodes — Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus (cysts). Seriola lalandi Cuvier & Valenciennes. Amber- fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 903; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Kendall, 1908, p. 79. Woods Hole, Menemsha Bight; most frequent at latter point, but never common. — Edwards. A specimen which had been so labeled in the local collection is very doubtfully of this spe- cies.— Sumner. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes — Ascaris incurva. Cestodes — Dibothrium sp. (larvae), Rhyncho- bothrium sp. (cysts). Trematodes — Distomum sp., Gasterostomum sp. Seriola dumerili ( Risso). Amber-fish, amber-jack. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 903; Smith and Kendall, 1898; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97. Buzzards Bay, under the same circumstances as S. zonata, but of rare occurrence. Only two specimens recorded prior to 1898. — Smith and Kendall. One taken in 1905. — Edwards. Owing to the difficulty with which members of this genus are distinguished from one an- other, all records of occurrence must be ac- cepted with caution. Parasites: Synbothrium filicolle (cysts). — Lin- ton. ■14 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Decapterus punctatus (Agassiz). Round robin, scad, cigar-fish. Baird, 1873; Goode, 1884a, p. 325; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 907; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Linton, 1901, p. 449; Kendall, 1908, P- 79- Woods Hole. — Goode. Quisset Harbor. — Smith. Little Harbor, August n, 1906; six in trap at Menemsha Bight, August 19, 1908. — Ed- wards. Woods Hole, October 10, 1908, four specimens. Apparently rare. Food : Copepods and annelids (young specimens only examined). — Linton. Parasites: Dibothrium punctatum, Scolex poly- mo rphus. — Linton . Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Mackerel scad. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 909; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Kendall, 1908, p. 79. Newport. — Goode. Great Harbor, Vineyard Sound. — Smith. Tisbury Pond, Hadley Har- bor.— Edwards. Common in the fall, when large numbers (several hundred in a seine haul ; 10 barrels in a trap) are sometimes taken, but not observed at other times. — Smith. Mr. Edwards reports that these fish were still pres- ent in large numbers in Woods Hole Harbor as late as November 22, 1908, but that they seemed nearly overcome with the cold at that time. Parasites (Linton): Cestodes — Scolex polymor- phus, Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus (cysts). Tre- matodes — Distomum appendiculatum, D. vi- tellosurn. Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus). Saurel. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 9x0; Kendall, 1908, p. 80. Newport. — Jordan and Evermann. Trachurops crumenophthalmus (Bloch). Goggler, big-eyed scad. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 911; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Linton, 1901, p. 449; Kendall, 1908, p. 80. Vineyard Sound, Great Harbor, Eel Pond, Tis- bury Pond. — Edwards. Common every fall. Recorded from August 7 to November 15. Taken in fyke nets and with the seine. Food: Annelids. — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes — Ascaris (imma- ture). Cestodes — Dibothrium punctatum. Tre- matodes — Distomum ap pendiculatum. Carangus bartliolomcci (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Yellow jack. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 919 ( Caranx bar- tholomcei); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98 ( Caranx bartholomcei); Kendall, 1908, p. So. Great Harbor in 1885 and 1897. — Smith. Nau- shon (1904), Great Harbor (1906), Quisset Har- bor (1906), Little Harbor (1906), Lamberts Cove (October, 1908). — Edwards. Great Har- bor, October 7, 1910, Little Harbor, September 25 and October 3, 1911. (Identified by Sum- ner, after comparison with specimens in the National Museum). Reported to have been less frequent formerly. Present from August to November. Taken by seine, fyke net, and trap. Carangus hippos (Linnaeus). Crevalle, horse cre- valle. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 920 (' Caranx hippos)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98 (Caranx hippos ); Kendall, 1908, p. 81. Shores of Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole Harbor, Eel Pond, Katama Bay, Tisbury Pond; com- mon.— Edwards. Present from July 1 till the end of trap fishing; most numerous in Octo- ber.— Smith. Taken in traps and seines. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus proteus. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Lepeophtheirus edwardsi. Carangus crysos (Mitchill). Yellow crevalle, hard- tail. Baird, 1873 (Paratractus pisquetos)', Bean, 1884 Caranx chrysus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 921 (Caranx crysos); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98 (Caranx crysos ); Linton, 1901. p. 450 (Ca- ranx crysos ); Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508 (Caranx crysos); Kendall, 1908, p. 81. Shores of Buzzards Bay, Katama Bay, few in Sound . — Edwards. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Present from July 1 till end of the trap season. Taken in traps and seines. Food : Shrimps very abundant in food in August (only young fish examined). — Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus pristis. Nematodes (Linton) — Hete- rakisfoveolala. Cestodes (Linton) — Dibothrium sp. (larvae). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus rapax. Alectis ciliaris (Bloch). Cobbler-fish, threadfish. Baird, 1873 (Blepharichthys crinitus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 931; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Kendall, 1908, p. 81. Newport.— Bean. Buzzards Bay; not common, 2 or three being taken every year. — Edwards. Two reported in 1901. Recorded from June 15 to November. Taken in traps. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 753 Vomer setipinnis (Mitchill). Moonfish, horsefish, dollar-fish. (Goode records the picturesque vernacular name “humpbacked butterfish”.) Cope, 1870 ( Vomer curtus ); Baird, 1873; Goode 1884a, p. 322, ( Selene setipinnis ); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 934; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Kendall, 1908, p. 82. Woods Hole. — Goode. Newport. — Cope. Buz- zards Bay, Vineyard Sound; rare to common, appearing during August and remaining during September. — Smith. Taken in traps. Selene vomer (Linnaeus). Moonfish, lookdown, dol- lar-fish. Storer, 1867, p. 78 (Argyreiosus capillaris) ; Goode, 1884a, p. 323 ( Selene argentea ); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 936; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Kendall, 1908, p. 82. Woods Hole. — Goode. Buzzards Bay, Tisbury Pond. — Edwards. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Not common. Taken during Sep- tember and October. Traps and saises. Trachinotns falcatus (Linnaeus). Round pompano. Storer, 1867, p. 280 ( Trachinotus ovatus)', Baird, 187 3, (Trachinotus ovatus); Goode, 1884a, p.329 (Trachinotus ovatus)', Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 941; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 83. Vineyard Haven. — Goode. Katama Bay, Lack- eys Bay, Great Tisbury Pond, Great Harbor, Quisset Harbor, Nobska Beach. — Edwards. The young are very common some years (e. g., 1908); no adults taken. Recorded from July to October 18. — Edwards. Taken by seine. Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann. Permit, black-finned pompano. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 943; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Kendall, 1908, p. 83. Nobska Beach and other places. — Edwards. Rare; not observed every year; recorded in September, 1894 and 1897; only young taken. — Smith. Caught by seine. Trachinotus argenteus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Silvery pompano. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 944; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Kendall, 1908, p. 84. One taken by seine at Nobska Beach September 7, 1885. — Baird, cited by Smith. Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus). Common pom- pano. Baird, 1873; Goode, 1884a, p. 327; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 944; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 509; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 84. T rachinotus carolinus — Continued. Woods Hole as early as 1863. — Baird, cited by Goode. Nobska Beach, West Falmouth. — ■ Edwards. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Young common; adults not observed for 10 years. — Smith. Present from latter part of July till end of September. — Smith. Taken with seine. Family PomatomidjS. Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus). Bluefish. Storer, 1867, p. 82 (Temnodon saltator ); Baird, in first reportUnited States Fish Commissioner, p. xxin ; Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 516; Bean, 1884; Goode, 1884a, p. 433; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 946; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Linton, 1901; Sherwood, and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 509; Kendall, 1908, p. 84. Common throughout the region. They first appear in Vineyard Sound from the middle of May to the first week in June. — Goode. Most numerous in July and October. — Edwards. Mr. G. H. Sherwood reports that on July 12, 1901, over 200 were taken from the United States Fish Commission “Bay trap” (near Woods Hole station), and that a school 4 or 3 miles long and over a mile wide was noted in Narragansett Bay, remaining for about 10 days. In 1908, reported as more common in Vine- yard Sound than for many years. A few have well-developed spawn on arrival. — - Smith. Young inches long; ordinarily first seen in July, though noted as early as May 29, in 1903.— Edwards. Food: Some taken in August contained Loligo pealii and various fishes. — Verrill and Smith. Fish (hake, herring, scup, cunner), and squid; in younger individuals smaller fish, as a rule, but shrimps and amphipods were also found. — Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echinor- hynchus lateralis, E. proteus, E. sagittifer. Nematodes (Linton) — Ichthyonema globiceps, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Linton) — Dibothrium crassiceps, Otobothrium dipsacum, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. speciosum (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Synboth- rium filicolle (cysts), Tetrarhynchus bisulcaius (cysts), T. erinaceus (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum monticellii, D. ocreatum, D. vitellosum, D. sp., Microcotyle pomatomi, M. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus schistonyx, Lernanthropus pomatomi. For growth of young and other notes of interest, see Sherwood and Edwards, 1901. 754 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family Rachycentrid/e. Rachycentron canadus (Linnaeus). Crab-eater, cobia. Baird, 1873 ( Elecate canadus)-, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 948; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98, 1899; Linton, 1899; Kendall, 1908, p. 85- Buzzards Bay, Menemsha Bight; rare, less com- mon than formerly. — Edwards. A specimen feet long, and weighing over 60 pounds, was taken in the United States Fish Commission trap in Buzzards Bay, July 18, 1899. — Smith. Records for July and September. Taken in traps. Food: Fish (squeateague, etc.). — Linton. Parasites: Ascaris inquies. — Linton. Family Coryph^nid^. Coryphoena hippurus Linnaeus. Dolphin. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 952; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; Kendall, 1908, p. 85. Vineyard Sound, Menemsha Bight; adults very rare, a few young taken nearly every year in floating gulfweed. — Smith. Recorded for July and August. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes — Ascaris incres- cens. Cestodes — Tetrarhynchus bicolor (cysts). Trematodes — Disiomum tornatum. Family Bramid^. Brama raii (Bloch). Pomfret. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 959. No Mans Land, one specimen taken in trap at Bureau of Fisheries camp, August 9, 1904, this being the only record for the region. (Identified by H. M. Smith). Family Centrolophidaj. Centroloplms niger (Gmelin). Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 214 {Centrolophus pom- pilus), Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 963; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; Kendall, 1908, p. 86. Off Dennis, Mass., one specimen 9 inches long taken November 23, 1888. — Goode and Bean. A southern European fish. Palinurichthys pcrciformis (Mitchill). Rudder-fish, polefish. Storer, 1867, p. 75 ( Palinurus perciformis)-, Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 515; Bean, 1884 {Lirus perciformis ); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 964; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; Linton, 1899; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 509; Kendall, 1908, p. 86. Palinurichthys perciformis — Continued . Common and generally distributed in local wa- ters, being found in gulfweed and other floating objects or under anything adrift. Nan- tucket.— Sharp and Fowler. Present from the last of June till October. — Smith. Food: One specimen taken in August contained young Squilla empusa and young Loligo pealii.—Ve. rrill and Smith. Squid, small crus- taceans, univalve mollusks, also Salpa and green algae, in two fishes taken at Menemsha, September 1. — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino - rhynchus prisiis. Nematodes — Ascaris habena, Lecanocephalus annulatus. Cestodes — Diboth- rium punctatum, Scolex polymorphus. Trema- todes— Disiomum pyriforme, D. sp. Family Stromateid/E. Nomeus gronovii (Gmelin). Portuguese-man-of- war-fish. Jordan and Evermann , 1896, p. 949; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; Kendall, 1908, p. 87 ( Gobio - morus gronovii). Vineyard Sound ; taken with the Portuguese man- of-war ( Pliysalia ). Recorded for July and August, 1889, and July, 1894 (common on latter occasion); not observed otherwise. — Smith. Peprilus paru (Linnaeus). Harvest-fish, long- finned butter-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 965 ( Rhombus paru)\ H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99 ( Rhombus paru)- Kendall, 1908, p. 87. Buzzards Bay, Menemsha Bight, usually rare, occasionally common, 300 or 400 being re- corded for one season. — Smith. A half dozen taken in 1901; fairly common in 1908. Pres- ent during June and July. Taken in traps. Poronotus triacanthus (Peck). Butter-fish. Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884 {Strornateus triacanthus)-, Goode, 1884a, p. 333 {Strornateus triacanthus)-, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 967 ( Rhombus triacanthus)-, H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99 {Rhom- bus triacanthus)-, Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59 {Rhom- bus triacanthus)-, Linton, 1901, p. 453 {Rhom- bus triacanthus)-. Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 509 {Rhombus triacanthus)-, Kendall, 1908, p. 87. Abundant along shores generally, occurring from early summer till late fall. There is an espe- cial run in June lasting one or two weeks. — Smith. The advance guard (in 1898) arrived May 11 at Cuttyhunk. — Bumpus. Caught for BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 755 Poronotus triacantkus — Continued. the market in fish traps; also taken in the seine. The young are often observed swim- ming under jellyfish. A young specimen taken with the dredge at Fish Hawk station 7740. Spawns in June. — Bumpus. Food: Fish. Smaller specimens were found by Dr. Linton to contain copepods, annelids, and small fish, and in September principally amphipods. Parasites : (Linton) — Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus acus, E. sagittifer. Nematodes — Heierakis sp., Ichthyonema sp., Lecanocephalus annulatus, immature nematodes. Cestodes — Dibothrium angustatum, Otobothrium crenacolle (cysts), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. longispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus (cysts), T. erinaceus (cysts), T. sp. (cysts). Trematodes — Disto- mum gulosum, D. sp., Microcotyle sp., Monos - tomum sp. Protozoa — sporocyst in liver. A parasitic isopod ( Nerocila munda ) has also been found upon this fish by Messrs. Linton and Osbum. The attractiveness of this delicately flavored fish for the table is frequently diminished by the presence of abundant cestode cysts throughout its muscles. Family Tetragonurid^. Tetragonurus ctm'm Risso. Squaretail, sea raven. Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 230; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 976; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; 1899; Kendall, 1908, p. 88. Woods Hole, November 10, 1890. — Goode and Bean. Vineyard Sound, August 1, 1899. — Smith. In the latter case the specimen was taken with the dip net among floating rock- weed. These are the only two records locally. Until 1890 known only from the coast of southern France and Madeira Islands. Family ChEilodipterid^. Apogonimberbus (Linnaeus). Kingof the mullets. Cope, 1870 ( A . americanus); Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 1107; Kendall, 1908, p. 95. Newport. — Cope. A pogon maculatus (Poey). King of the mullets Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1x09; H. M. Smith, 1899; 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 95. Newport. — Cope. Katama Bay, 11 specimens taken in the seine from September 1 to 16, 1899. — Smith. Family SERRANID.E. Roccns lineatus (Bloch). — Striped bass, rockfish. Storer, 1867, p. 6 ( Labrax lineatus); Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 514; Goode, 1884a, p. 425; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1132; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, rgoi, p. 455; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 509; Kendall, 1908, p. 95. Vineyard Sound. — Goode. Cuttyhunk, Woods Hole breakwater (many small formerly), Tarpaulin Cove trap (30 or 40 in 1908). — Edwards. Nantucket, rare. — Sharp and Fowler. Not common recently. Present from May 1 to November 1 , most frequent in June. — Smith. This fish does not appear to spawn locally. Food: Ulva latissima, remains of a fish, Cancer irroratus, Homarus americanus. — Verrill and Smith. A few fish scales noted in stomach contents.— Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton)— Echino- rhynchus acus, E. proteus. Nematodes (Lin- ton)— Ascaris sp. (immature), Filaria rubra, Ichthyonema sp., Lecanocephalus annulatus. Cestodes (Linton)— Rhynchobothrium speciosum (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum tenue, D. tornatum. Copepods(C. B. Wilson). — Ergasilus labracis, Caligus rapax. Morone americana (Gmelin). — White perch. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1134; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; Linton, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 96. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, and brackish ponds connected therewith; abundant, espe- cially in Tashmoo Pond. Occurs along shores in undiluted sea water from fall till early spring, when large specimens are taken. — Edwards. Resident (landlocked) in some fresh-water ponds. Taken in traps and with the seine. Spawns in ponds in May and June. — Smith. Food: Fish, shrimps, and other Crustacea. — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Ancanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus clavceceps, E. thecatus, E. sp. Nema- todes— Heterakis sp., Lecanocephalus annula- tus. Trematodes — Distomum areolatum, D. tenue tenuissime, D. vitellosum, D. sp., cysts with trematode ova. Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck). Rock hind. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1152; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 97. One young specimen seined at Katama Bay September 19, 1899. bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 756 Epinephelus niveatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Spotted grouper, snowy grouper. Cope, 1870 {Hyporthodus flavicauda); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1156; Smith and Kendall, 1898; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; 1899; 1901a; Kendall, 1908, p. 97. Woods Hole, Great Harbor, Menemsha Bight, Cuttyhunk, Edgartown, Katama Bay, Tisbury Pond. Newport.- — Cope. Not rare locally. First reported in 1895; upward of 75 in 1899. — Smith. One in 1906. — Edwards. None of this or any other species of grouper reported in 1908. Recordedfrom August 15 till November. Taken by seine, fyke net, lobster pot, and dredge. Epinephelus morio (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Red grouper. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1160; H. M. Smith, 1899, I9°°> 1901a; Kendall, 1908, p. 98. Katama Bay, seven young specimens seined in 1899; one in 1900; September 1 to 26.— Smith. Garrupa nigrita (Holbrook). Black jewfish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1161; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 98. Katama Bay, a number of specimens seined in September, 1899; these were young and the identification consequently uncertain. — Smith. Mycieroperca bonaci (Poey). Black grouper. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1174; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900, 1901a; Kendall, 1908, p. 98. Katama Bay and Eel Pond. One specimen in 1899, one in 1900. — Smith. Two taken in 1901. — Edwrards. Recorded for August, Sep- tember, and October. Taken with seine. ? Mycieroperca inter stitialis (Poey). Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1178; H. M. Smith, 1899; 1900 ( M . inter stitialis')', 1901 a, (AT. venenosa ); Kendall, 1908, p. 99. Katama Bay, 10 specimens seined in Septem- ber and October, 1899; others in 1900. — Smith. Tisbury Great Pond in 1906. — Edwards. Re- corded as early as August, and as late as Octo- ber 20. Ceniropristes striatus (Linnaeus). Sea bass. Storer, 1867, p. 10 ( Ceniropristes varius ); Baird, 1873, {Ceniropristes atrarius); Verrill and Smith, 1873 {Centro pristis fuscus); Bean, 1884 {Cen- tro pristis nigricans); Goode, 1884a, p. 407 {Serranus atrarius); Wilson, 1891, p. 209 (Ser- ranus atrarius); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1199; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; Smith, 1898, Ceniropristes striatus — Continued. p. 100; Linton, 1901; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fonder, 1904, p. 510; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 99. In deeper waters locally, common though de- creasing in numbers. Nantucket, 10 barrels in one day in 1903. — Sharp and Fowler. The sea bass arrives about the middle of May. — Wilson. Present from May to October, most abundant from July to September. — Smith. First seen (in 1898) on May 10; abundant on the 12th. — Bumpus. Taken in traps and on lines. Small specimens dredged by the Sur- vey in the eastern end of Vineyard Sound and lower end of Buzzards Bay; 2 to 8 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7663 (1 small), 7675 (2), 7760 (1 small), 7766 (several small), 7769 (2 small), 7778 (2 small), 7781 (1). Phalarope station: 158 (1 small). Spawns from middle of May to first of July. For occurrence of young, see Sherwood and Ed- wards, 1901. Food: Cancer irroratus, Panopeus sayi, three species of fishes, Loligo pealii. — Verrill and Smith. Fish, squid, crabs {Pagurus, Pano- peus, Ovalipes, etc.). — Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus proteus, E. sagittifer, E. aurantiacus, E. sp., Nematodes (Linton) — Filaria rubra. Cestodes (Linton )—Rhynchobothrium impari- spine (cysts), Scolex polymorphic (larvae). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum globiporum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus mutabilis. Rypticus bistrispinus (Mitchill). Cope, 1870 {Promicro pterus decoratus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1233; Kendall, 1908, p. 100. Newport. — Cope. Family Lobotid.-®. Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch). Flasher, triple-tail. Baird, 1873; Goode, 1884a, pp. 444; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1235; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 457; Kendall, 1908, p. 100; Sumner, 1909, p. 984. Woods Hole. — Baird. Menemsha, very rare, having been observed on only a few occasions, viz, August, 1873; December, 1875; Septem- ber, 1886; August, 1890. — Smith. One taken at Nantucket, August 15, 1908. Taken in traps. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynckus pristis. Nematodes — Ichthyonema globiceps. Cestodes — - Synbothrium filicolle (cysts). Trematodes — Gasterostomum ovatum. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 757 Family Priacanthid^. Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier & Valenciennes.® Ca- talufa, big eye. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1237; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100; Kendall, 1908, p. 100. Newport. — Jordan and Evermann. Quisset Harbor, Katama Bay. — Edwards. Specimen in museum, from Woods Hole, dated Novem- ber 2, 1885. Present in the fall, taken by seine. Pseudo priacanthus altus (Gill) . & Short big eye. Cope, 1870 ( Priacanthus altus) ; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 1239; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100; 1899; 1901a; Kendall, 1908, p. 101. Newport. — Cope. Katama Bay, many taken in September, 1899. Since then they have oc- casionally been taken in the vicinity of Woods Hole. Family Lutianid^S. Lutianus griseus (Linnseus). Gray snapper, man- grove snapper. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100 ( Neomcenis griseus ); 1901a, ( Neomcenis griseus)', Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 1255 ( Neomcenis griseus)', Ken- dall, 1908, p. 101. Eel Pond, Great Harbor, Katama Bay; a rare straggler, two being taken in 1897, five in 1900. — Smith. Tisbury Great Pond, in 1906.— Edwards. Recorded for August, September and October. Taken with seine. Lutianus jocu (Bloch & Schneider). — Dog snap- per. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100 (Neomcenis jocu); Jor- dan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1257 ( Neomcenis jocu); Kendall, 1908, p. 101. One young specimen seined in the Eel Pond September 21, 1897. Lutianus apodus (Walbaum). Schoolmaster. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100 (Neomcenis apodus); 1901a (Neomcenis apodus); Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 1258 (Neomcenis apodus); Ken- dall, 1908, p. 101. Woods Hole, September 20, 1888; Katama Bay, August 29 and September n, 1900. — Smith. Again, August, 1901. — Edwards. Taken with seine; all young specimens. Lutianus blackfordii (Goode & Bean). Red snap- per. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100 (Neomcenis aya); 1901a (Neomcenis blackfordi); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1264 (Neomcenis aya); Kendall, 1908, p. 102. Menemsha, in trap, October 10, 1890; seined at Katama Bay, September and October, 1900. — Smith. Only young specimens taken. Lutianus analis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Mut- ton-fish. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100; 1899; 1901a (Neo- mcenis analis); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1265 (Neomcenis analis); Kendall, 1908, p. 102. Woods Hole, seven specimens in 1876; Quisset Harbor, two in 1897; Katama Bay, twenty in 1899, twenty in 1900. — Smith. Tisbury Great Pond, one in 1906. — Edwards. Recorded for August, September, and October. Taken with seine. The largest of the 1900 specimens were 2 inches long. — Smith. Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch). — Yellow-tail. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1275; H. M. Smith, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 102. Katama Bay, one young specimen taken with seine, October 4, 1900. — Smith. Family H^muud^. Orthopristis chrysopterus (Linnseus). Pigfish, sail- or’s choice. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1338 (Long Island to Rio Grande); Sumner, 1909, p. 984. One specimen, 8JJ inches long, taken in trap at Lamberts Cove, October 21, 1908.} Family Sparid^b. Stenotomus chrysops (Linnaeus). Scup, porgy. [Chart 201.] Storer, 1867, p. 50 (Pagrus argyrops); Baird, 1873 (Stenotomus argyrops); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 515 (Stenotomus argyrops); Bean, 1884; Goode, 1884a, p. 386 (Stenotomus versicolor and S. gardeni); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1346; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; Linton, 1899; Sher- wood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 103. o Owing to a typographical error, this species instead of the next was designated as “short big eye” in Dr. Smith’s list of Woods Hole fishes. This error has resulted in uncertainty regarding some of the records furnished by Mr. Edwards for this and the following species, and such records have accordingly been omitted. » 6 See preceding footnote. 75§ BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Stenotomus chrysops — Continued . Abundant everywhere, being taken from May i to the latter part of October; most abundantly in June and July. An important item in the local trap fishery. Small specimens were taken during the Survey dredging throughout Vineyard Sound and the lower half of Buzzards Bay, in waters of 3 to 17 fathoms depth. Fish Hawk stations: 7548 (many), 7554 (many), 7567 (few), 7569 (2), 7570 (few), 7574 (1), 7575 (1), 7576 (many), 7578 (many), 7579 (many), 7580 (many), 7582 (several), 7583 (1), 7584 (1), 7593 (many), 7594 (few), 7597 (1), 7598 (1), 7599 (1), 7602 (few), 7615 (1), 7643 (1), 7654 (1), 7656 (many), 7657, 7660 (several), 7673 (several), 7675 (1)- 7734 (1). 7739 (2). 774i (1), 7757 W- 7759 (1), 7761 (several), 7765 (2), 7767 (few), 7772 (1). 7774 (2), 7777 (several), 7778 (few), 7780 (many), 7781 (few), 7782 (several), 7783 (many). Spawns early in June. For growth of young, see Sherwood and Edwards, 1901. Food : All kinds of small Crustacea, annelids, bi- valve and univalve mollusks, etc. — Verrill and Smith. Small fish and squid, also annelids, crabs, shrimps, amphipods, mollusks, hy- droids, young sea urchin, holothurians, vege- table debris, copepods, small Crepidula. — Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus, E. sagittifer. Nematodes (Lin- ton)— Ascaris sp. (immature). Cestodes (Lin- ton)— Rhynchobothrium imparispine, R. longi- spine (cysts), R. speciosum (cysts), Scolex poly- morphus (larvae), Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum appendiculatum, D. vitellosum , D. sp., Micro- cotyle stenotomi. Rhynchobdellida (Linton) — - Pontobdella rapax. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus rapax. Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus). Sailor’s choice, p infish. Goode, 1884a, p. 393; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1358; Kendall, 1908, p. 103. Woods Hole. — Goode. Quisset Harbor, Great Harbor, Tisbury Great Pond, Eel Pond. — Edwards. A specimen ioj^ inches long taken in Buzzards Bay in 1899. — Smith. Ordinarily scarce; common throughout the region in 1906. Recorded from June till October 25. Taken with the seine. Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum). Sheeps- head. Storer, 1867, p.49 ( Sargus ovis ); Goode, 1884a, p. 381 ( Diplodus probatocephalus)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1361; Linton, 1901, p. 459; Kendall, 1908, p. 104. Wareham. — Goode. Buzzards Bay. — Edwards. Very uncommon of late, though said to have formerly been quite common. Recorded for July and August. Taken by line. Parasites: E chino rhynchus proteus. — Linton. Family Gerrid^. Eucinostomus gula (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Sil- ver jenny, Irish pompano. Goode, 1884a, p. 279 ( Genes argenteus ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1370; Kendall, 1908, p. 104. Woods Hole. — Goode. Quisset Harbor, Eel Pond; usually very uncommon, but small specimens were taken on a number of dates during August, September, and October, 1897. — Smith. Family Kyphosid^E. Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus). Rudder-fish, Ber- muda chub. Baird, 1873 {Pimelepturus boscii); Goode, 1884a, p. 394 ( Cyphosus boscii ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1387; Kendall, 1908, p. 104. Woods Hole. — Goode. Quisset Harbor, Tisbury Great Pond. — Edwards. Not rare in summer and fall, occasionally met with in April. — Smith. Taken seining; sometimes found among gulfweed at surface. Parasites: Caligus rapax. — C. B. Wilson. Kyphosus incisor (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1386 (not re- corded locally). One specimen taken in trap at Nantucket, Oc- tober 31, 1906 (sent to G. M. Gray and identi- fied by H. M. Smith). Family ScnENimE. Cynoscion regalis (Bloch & Schneider). Sque- teague, weakfish, sea trout. Storer, 1867, p. 45 (Otolithus regalis)', Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 515; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1407; Linton, 1899; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fow- ler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 105. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Cynoscion regalis — Continued. Abundant throughout region, being the principal food fish taken in local traps. Commonly present from May till the middle of October. First in 1898 taken in April. — Bumpus. In 1901 they were reported as very late in appear- ing, the first being noted June 14. The sque- teague was unusually scarce in 1908. — Ed- wards. Spawn about June 1. Young inches long taken in July. — Smith. For migration and occurrence of young, see Sherwood and Ed- wards, 1901. Food: Local specimens taken in July often con- tained Ovalipes ocellatus and Loligo pealii. — Verrill and Smith. Fish (menhaden, butter- fish) and squid; shrimps and amphipods occa- sionally . — Linton . Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynclius acus, E. pristis, E. proteus, E. sagit- tifer. Immature nematodes. Cestodes — Oto- bothrium crenacolle (cysts), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. speciosum (cysts), R. sp. (cysts) Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Synboth- rium filicolle (cysts), Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus (cysts), T. erinaceus (cysts). Trematodes — Distomum appendiculatum, D. monticellii, D. polyorchis , D. pyriforme, D. vitellosum, Micro- colyle longicauda, M. sp. Larimus fasciatus Holbrook. Banded drum. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 1424; Kendall, 1908, p. 105. Buzzards Bay, at breakwater, a specimen 8 inches long taken August 13, 1889. — Smith. Scicenops ocellatus (Linnaeus). Red drum; chan- nel bass; redfish. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 1453; Linton, 1901, p. 461; Kendall, 1908, p. 106. Buzzards Bay, in trap at breakwater; one (the only recorded) taken in 1894. — Smith. Parasites: Ascaris sp. (immature). — Linton. Leiostomus xanthurus (Lacepede). Spot, goody. Baird, 1873 ( Liostomus obliquus ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1458; Kendall, 1908, p. 106. Woods Hole Harbor, Tisbury Great Pond. — Edwards. Small specimens common in the fall, being observed throughout October. — Smith. Taken in traps, seines, and fyke nets. Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus). Croaker. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. iox; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 1461; Kendall, 1908, p. 106. Only one taken; September 9, 1893, in Buzzards Bay trap at breakwater. — Smith. 759 Menticinhus saxatilis (Bloch & Schneider). King fish, sea mink. Baird, 1873 (Menticirrhus nebulosus)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 515 (.Menticirrhus nebulosus ); Goode, 1884a, p. 375, 376 ( Menticirrhus nebu- losus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1475; Linton, 1901, p. 461; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 107. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, Vineyard Ha- ven. Adults common in June, uncommon after July 1 5 ; young found till early October. — ■ Smith. Large fish taken in traps, young with the seine. Adults full of spawn in June. — Smith. Food: Crago septemspinosus, Cancer irroratus, Loligo pealii. — Verrill and Smith. Amphipods, isopods, shrimps, annelids, young fish, bryo- zoa. — Linton. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris syr. (im- mature). Cestodes (Linton) — Rhynchoboth- rium bulbifer (cysts), R. longispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae). Trematodes (Lin- ton)—-Distomum areolatum, D. globiporum, D. pyriforme , D. vitellosum , D. sp. — Linton. Copepods (C. B. Wilson)— Caligus rapax. Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus). Drum. Goode, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1482; Kendall, 1908, p. 107. Quisset Harbor, in September and October, very rare; one (locality unstated) recorded for May. — Smith. Taken in traps. Family Pomacentrid^. Eupomacentrus leucostictus (Muller & Troschel). Cocky pilot. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1555; H. M. Smith, 1899; 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 108. Katama Bay, nine specimens seined between August 30 and October 4, 1899. — Smith. Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus). — Cocky pilot. Cope, 1870 (Glyphidodon saxatilis)', Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1561; Kendall, 1908, p. 108. Newport. — Cope. Family Labrid.®. Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum). Cunner, chogset. [Chart 202.] Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884 (Ctenolabrus adspersus ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 102; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 1577; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 462; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 108. 760 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Tautogolabrus adspersus — Continued. Taken everywhere and in large numbers, espe- cially under wharves and around piers. A resident fish, said to take refuge among eelgrass in winter. Caught with seine, fyke, small trap, or hand line. Dredged by the Survey (chiefly young specimens) throughout Vine- yard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in waters of 2 to 20 fathoms depth. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (1), 7525 1 (small), 7543 bis (1 small), 7548 (1), 7556 (1 small), 7564 (1 small), 7572 (1 large, 1 small), 7580 (1), 7608 (1 small), 7610 (x small), 7615 (2 very small), 7619 (several), 7622 (several young), 7624 (sev- eral young), 7626 (several small), 7633, 7637 (1 very small), 7638 (1 very small), 7643 (few small), 7644 (2 large, several small), 7663 (1), 7671 (several), 7675 (3), 7688 (1 small), 7689 (5), 772° (i)> 772i (several), 7742 (1 small), 7745 (1 medium), 7750 (1), 7759 (2), 7762 (many), 7763 (several), 7764 (very many), 7767 (many small), 7768 (1), 7778 (1 medium). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 3 (1 small), 48 (1 small), 60 (1), 73 (1), 75 (1), 130 (1 small), 136. Spawns in June and early July. Young taken in tow from June to October, being most abundant in June and July. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Seaweed, hydroid stems, bryozoa, tuni- cates, annelids, small Crustacea ( Caprella , shrimps, etc.), univalve mollusks. — Linton. In order of frequency: Amphipods, eelgrass, snails, prawns, small fishes (silversides, stickle- backs, pipefish, etc.), Botryllus, rock crab, algse, teleost eggs, lady crabs, hydroicls, Nereis, hermit crab, isopods, Soleyma velum, bryozoa. — I. A. Field. Parasites (Linton): Immature nematodes. Ces- todes — Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts). Trematodes — immature distomes in skin, Dis- tomum areolatum, D. vitellosum, D. sp. This species is sometimes destroyed in great numbers during severe winters. Mr. Ed- wards states that barrels of dead cunners were found floating in the water after “anchor ice,’’ February, igoi. Tautoga onitis (Linnceus). Tautog, blackfish. Baird, 1S73; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 515, Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 102, Jor- dan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1578; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 463; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 108. Tautoga onitis — Continued. Abundant everywhere and at all seasons through- out the region. Taken in traps and on hand lines; the young frequently caught in the seine. Spawns in June and July. Young taken in tow in June, July, and August. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Cancer irroratus, Pagurus longicarpus, Pa- gurus pollicaris, Panopeus depressus, P. sayi, Ovalipes ocellatus, Pelia mutica, Homarus americanus, Balanus crenatus, Loligo pealii, Crepidula fornicata, C. plana, Triforis nigro- cinctus, Area pexata, Pecten gibbus borealis, Mytilus edulis, Modiolus modiolus, Nucula proximo, Mya arenaria, Petricola pholadif ormis , Bittium alternation, Tritia trivittata, Echina- rachnius parma, Crisia eburnea, Styela partita, Didemnum lutarium. — Verrill and Smith. A great variety of crabs and mollusks; in young specimens, seaweed, small Crustacea, mollusks, and annelids. — Linton. Astonishing as it may seem, the tautog unquestionably devours sessile barnacles of considerable size. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus acus. Cestodes — Rhynchobothrium hispidum (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae). Trematodes — Distomum vitellosum, D. sp., Microcotyle hiatulee, immature distomes in skin. Mr. Edwards reports that great numbers of this fish, like the preceding species, were killed (by “ anchor ice”) in February, 1901 (see note above). Family Scarid^E. Sparisoma flavescens (Bloch & Schneider). Parrot- fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1639; H. M. Smith, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. no. One specimen picked up on shore of Buzzards Bay, November 13, 1900. — Smith. Scarus croicensis (Bloch.) Parrot-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1650; H. M. Smith, 1901, Kendall 1908, p. no. Katama Bay, two specimens seined October 20, 1900. — Smith. Family Ephippid^E. Chatodipterus faber (Broussonet). Angel -fish, spadefish. Goode, 1884a, p. 445-446; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 102; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1668; Linton, 1901, p. 463; Kendall, 1908, p. in. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 761 Cheetodipterus faber — Continued. Woods Hole, several. — Goode. Menemsha, in traps, August and September; very rare. Tis- bury Great Pond, one seined in October, 1906. — Edwards . Parasites (Linton): Nematodes — Ichthyonema sp. Cestodes — Rhynchobothrium speciosum (cysts), Tretrarhynchus sp. (cysts). Family CheETOdontid^E. Chcetodon capistratus Linnaeus.® Butterfly-fish. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 102 ( Chcetodon bricei ), p. 103 ( C . striatus ); 1899; 1901a (C. bricei)', Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1677 ( C . capitstratus), p. 1678 (C. bricei)', Kendall, 1908, p. in. Quisset Harbor, Great Harbor, Eel Pond, Ka- tama Bay. Common in Katama Bay in 1899; few prior to that date; 35 taken in 1900. — Smith. Only a few taken since then. — Ed- wards. Recorded for August, September, and October. Taken with seine. This and other members of the genus taken lo- cally are undoubtedly stragglers from southern waters. Chcetodon ocellatus Bloch. Parche, butterfly -fish. Cope, 1870 ( Sarothrodus maculocinctus) ; H.M. Smith, 1898, p. 102; 1899; 1901a; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1674; Kendall, 1908, p. hi. Katama Bay, Woods Hole, Tisbury Great Pond, a few specimens taken each year. Common at Katama Bay in 1899; 123 in 1900. — Smith. Newport. — Cope. Present from August till November. Seined among eelgrass. Family Teuthidid^E. Teuthis cceruleus (Bloch & Schneider). Surgeon fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1691; H. M. Smith, 1899; 1900; 1901a; Kendall, 1908, p. 112. Katama Bay, a number seined in 1899; again in 1900. — Smith. Recorded from August to Oc- tober. Only young specimens noted . Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus. Surgeon-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1691; H. M. Smith, 1899; 1900; 1901a; Kendall, 1908, p. 112. Katama Bay, a number seined in 1899; again in 1900, during same months as the preceding. — Young specimens only. Teuthis bahianus (Castelnau). Surgeon-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1693; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900; 1901a; Kendall, 1908, p. 112. Katama Bay, a number seined in 1899; again in 1900, during same months as the preceding. — Smith. Only young specimens. Family Baliseid/E. Batistes carolinensis Gmelin. Trigger-fish, leather- jacket. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jordan and Evermann 1898, p. 1701; Kendall, 1908, p. 112. Menemsha Bight, in traps, during fall; very rare. Batistes forcipatus Gmelin. Trigger-fish. Cope, 1870 (Batistes poiselli); Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 1702; Kendall, 1908, p. 113. Newport. — Cope. Batistes vetula Linnaeus. Trigger-fish, leather- jacket. Baird, 1873; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 103; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1703; Linton, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 113. Menemsha, in traps during September, some taken every year; young at the surface and along the shores of Vineyard Sound, during summer and fall. — Smith. One at Menemsha, August 1, 1908, one in Buzzards Bay trap, Woods Hole, July 29, 1908. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Food: Amphipods, copepods, seaweed. — Linton. Parasites: Distomum vibex. — Linton. Canthidermis sobaco Poey. Sobaco, trigger-fish. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104 (C. asperrimus ); Jor- dan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1705; Kendall, 1908, p. 113. Vineyard Sound, off Great Harbor; one speci- med taken in floating gulfweed, July 24, 1897. Family M on ac a n t hi d a; . Monacanthus hispidus (Linnaeus). Foolfish, file- fish. Storer, 1867 ( Monacanthus massachusettensis ); Baird, 1873 (Stephanolepis seiifer); Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 1715; Linton, 1899; Kendall, 1908, p. 114. Eel Pond, Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, Ka- tama Bay, Great Harbor, Tisbury Pond. — Ed- a What is now believed to be the young of this species was described by Smith as a new species, Chcetodon bricei. 762 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Monacanthus hispidus — Continued . wards. Of variable abundance , sometimes very common, occurring under gulfweed or in eel- grass or rock weed. One specimen dredged in Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7778. This fish occurs locally from July to November. Only small specimens are taken, the maxi- mum size being about 4 inches. Food: Hydroid stems. — Linton. Alutera schoepfii (Walbaum). Orange filefish , fool- fish. Baird, 1873 {Alutera cuspicauda and Ceratacanthus aurantiacus)-, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 520 {Ceratacanthus aurantiacus ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1718; Linton, 1901, p. 464; Kendall, 1908, p. 115- Buzzards Bay, Eel Pond, Quisset Harbor, Tis- bury Great Pond. — Edwards. Rather com- mon during summer, being recorded from July to November 10. This fish frequents shores, especially near eelgrass, and is taken in traps (large specimens), seines (small ones); also in fyke nets. Food: One specimen in August was found to have eaten a large quantity of Pennaria. — Verrill and Smith. Algae eaten in captivity. — Smith. Hydroid stems. — Linton. Parasites: Cestodes (Linton) Dibothrium aluteree, D. sp. (larvae), Otobothrium cretiacolle (cysts), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts). Trema- todes (Linton) — Distomum pallern, D. valde- inflatum, D. sp. Copepods (Rathbun) — Lenceolophus sultanus. Alutera monoceros (Linnaeus). Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1720; Smith, 1898a, p. 544, 1899, 1899a, 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 115. One taken with seine at Woods Hole on August 22 1898, a second in trap at Menemsha Bight August 1, 1899. — Smith. Family Ostraciid^E. Lactophrys triqueter (Linnaeus). Trunkfish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1722; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 115. Several specimens taken in 1899’ also in 1897 and perhaps earlier; those collected previous to 1899 had been identified as L. irigonus. — Smith. Taken seining; in one case washed ashore. — Edwards. Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus). Trunkfish. Storer, 1867, p. 236 {Lactophrys yalei)\ Gill, 1873, p. 793; Baird, 1873 (after Storer); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1723; Kendall, 1908, p. 115. Vineyard Haven. — Gill. Quisset Harbor, Great Harbor, Eel Pond. — Edwards. Young (maxi- mum 1 inch long) not uncommon, occurring under gulfweed or among eelgrass from July to October. — Smith. Taken in tow nets or seines. Lactophrys tricornis (Linnaeus). Trunkfish, cow- fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1724; H. M. Smith, 1900, 1901a; Kendall, 1908, p. 116. Katama Bay, several small specimens taken in September, 1899; two on October 4, 1900; one (15P2 inches long) washed ashore at Cuttyhunk November 6, 1899. — Smith. Family TetraodontidaJ. Lagocephalus Icevigatus (Linnaeus). Smooth puffer. Storer, 1867, p. 225 {Tetrodon Icevigatus)', Baird, 1873 {Tetrodon Icevigatus)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1728; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 464; Kendall, 1908, p. 116. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole, Cedar Tree Neck, Menemsha Bight. — Ed- wards. Not very common, perhaps a half dozen each year, mostly during September and October. — Smith. Several specimens in 1900. — Sherwood and Edwards. Two in 1908. Taken in traps. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes — A scans sp. (im- mature). Cestodes — Dibothrium sp. (larvae), Scolex polymorphus (larvae). Trematodes — Distomum sp. Spheroides spengleri (Bloch). Southern puffer. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; 1899; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1732; Kendall, 1908, p. 117- Woods Hole, Katama Bay, taken with seine, very rare. Taken in 1899. — Smith. Again in 1900. — Edwards. Recorded for September and October. Spheroides maculatus (Bloch & Schneider). Swell- fish, puffer. [Chart 203.] Storer, 1867, p. 224 {Tetrodon turgidus); Baird, 1873 {Chilichthys turgidus)', Bean, 1884 {Tetro- don turgidus)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jor- dan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1733; Bumpus, BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Spheroides maculatus — Continued. 1898a, p. 59; Linton, 1901, p. 464; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 117. Abundant everywhere in local waters, occurring from about May 20 to cold weather. Enor- mously abundant in 1903, when perhaps sev- eral thousand were taken in one set of the trap. Young puffers are seined throughout the sum- mer. Occasionally specimens were dredged by the Survey throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Fish Hawk stations: 7551 (1 large), 7554 (1), 7602 (1 small), 7619 (several small), 7633 (1), 7634 (1), 7654 (1), 7656 (1), Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 51 (1 small), 158 ( 1 small). Spawns from June 1 to 10.— Smith. The eggs have been artificially fertilized in the labora- tory. Small young abound in summer. Young taken in tow from June to August, chiefly in July. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Various Crustacea (crabs, hermit crabs, amphipods, shrimps), annelids, seaweed, vari- ous mollusks (bivalve and univalve). — Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton). — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris habena. Cestodes (Linton) — Dibothrium sp. (larvae), Phyllobothrium loliginis (immature), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. tumidu- lum (cysts), R. sp. (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Teirarhynchus bisulcatus (cysts), T. sp. (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum valdeinflatum, D. vibex, D. vitellosum. Cope- pods (Wilson) — Tucca corpulentus. Spheroides testudineus (Linnaeus). Tambor, globe- fish. Cope, 1870, ( Tetraodon geometricus); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1734; Kendall, 1908, p. 117. Newport. — Cope. Spheroides trichocephalus (Cope). Cope, 1870 ( Tetraodon trichocephalus)', Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1737; Kendall, 1908, p. 118. Newport. — Cope. Family Diodontid/E. Diodon hystrix Linnaeus. Porcupine-fish. Smith and Kendall, 1898; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1743; Kendall, 1908, p. 118. One specimen, 9 inches long, taken in trap in Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole station, Au- gust 12, 1893. 763 Chilomycterus schoepfi (Walbaum). Burrfish, por- cupine-fish, rabbit-fish. Baird, 187,3 ( Chilomycterus geometricus ); H. M' Smith, 1898, p. 103; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1748, 1749; Linton, 1901, p. 455; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 118. Buzzards Bay, Menemsha Bight, Great Harbor, Muskeget, Tisbury Pond. — Edwards. Of irregular occurrence, but generally rare; more numerous than usual during summer of 1906. Present during September, October, and No- vember. Taken in traps and seines. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris ne- glecta. Cestodes^Linton) — Ligula sp. (larva). Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Tucca impressus. Chilomycterus antillarum Jordan & Rutter. Burr- fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1749; Smith, 1899; (not listed by Kendall). Quisset Harbor, one specimen seined September 7, 1897. — Smith. Katama Bay, September 1, 1899, one small specimen; Great Harbor Woods Hole, November 2, 1910, one full-sized specimen taken in fyke net; Menemsha, Sep- tember 16, 1911, one specimen. (Last three identified with fair certainty by F. B . Sumner) . Family Molid^E. Mo la mo la (Linnaeus). Sunfish. Baird, 1873 ( Mola rotunda)', Bean, 1884 ( Mola rotunda)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1753; Linton, 1901, p. 465; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 119. Vineyard Sound ; said to be much rarer now than formerly. Dr. Smith states that formerly 8 or 10 were commonly seen in a season, but in recent years seldom more than one. On July 11, 1900, a sunfish weighing about 250 pounds was harpooned by Dr. Bumpus in Vineyard Sound. Several were reported in local waters in 1908, though none of these were captured. Nantucket, rare. — Sharp and Fowler. They appear during July and August and are some- times captured with a harpoon. Food: Salpae, small amphipods. — Linton. Large jelly fish.— C. W. Stone. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echinor- hynchus acus. Immature nematodes. Ces- todes (Linton)— Dibothrium microcephalum, Tetrarhynchus elongatus. Trematodes (Lin- ton)— Distomum contortum, D. foliatum, D. fragile, D. macrocotyle, D. nigroflavum, Tris- tomum molce. Copepods (Rathbun) — Cecrops latreilli, Lepeophtheirus normanni (C. B. Wil- son)— Anthosoma crassum, Penella Jilosa. 764 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family .Scorp.-enid^i;. Sebastes marinus (Linnaeus). Rosefish , red perch. Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1760; Kendall, 1908, p. 119. Great Harbor, December 20, 1895; several speci- mens stranded by the tide. — Smith. Scorpcena plumieri Bloch. Scorpion-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1848; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900, 1901a; Kendall, 1908, p. 120. Woods Hole, 20 specimens during August, Sep- tember, and October, 1899; 2 in 1900. — Smith. Scorpcena grandicornis Cuvier & Valenciennes. Scorpion-fish, lionfish. Jordan and Evermann, 1908, p. 1850; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 120. Katama Bay, one specimen seined September 29, 1899. — Smith. Family CoTTim®. Myoxocephalus oeneus (Mitchill). Sculpin, grubby. [Chart 204.] Baird, 1873 ( Cottus mitchilli ); Bean, 1884 ( Cot - tus ceneus ); Bumpus, 1898, p. 485 ( Acantho - cottus ceneus)', Mead, 1898, p. 702 ( A . ceneus)-, H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105 ( A . ceneus)', Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1972; Linton, 1901, p. 466; Kendall, 1908, p. 121. Shores and deeper waters everywhere, very com- mon throughout the year. Taken with the seine and fyke net. Dredged by the Survey with considerable frequency throughout Vine- yard Sound and along the eastern shore line of Buzzards Bay, in waters 2 to 15 fathoms deep. Fish Hawk stations : 7522 (1 small), 7524(1 small), 7524 bis (2 very small), 7528 (1), 7530 (1), 7536 (2 small), 7543 bis (1 small), 7547 bis (3 small), 7549 bis (2), 7653 (1), 7699 (1 young), 7701 (1 young), 7704 (1), 7722 (1 small), 7739 (1), 7740 (2), 7760 (4), 7761 (1 small), 7762 (many small), 7767 (many small), 7777 (3 small). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 8 (2), 14 (1), 20 (1 small), 24 (1), 27 (1), 29 (1), 32 (1 very small), 34 (1), 36 (1), 38 (1), 44 (3), 50 (many small), 52 (few), 53 (many), 55 (1), 56 (1), 58, 59, 64 (1 ?), 69 (1), 73 (1), 74 (1), 79, 83, 100 (small), 101 (small), 109, nr (1), 113, 115 (1), 117 (1), 129 (1), 131 (2), 134 (1), 141 (1). Spawns all through the winter.— Edwards. Eggs taken from nets and seaweed in March. — Bumpus. Observed hatching April27, 1898. — Mead. Young of sculpin (probably for the Myoxocephalus ceneus — Continued. most part of this species) taken from January to May; most abundantly in March and April; a few recorded in October. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Annelids, copepods, shrimps, and young fish (flounders). — Linton. Also crabs ( Cancer and Pagurus) and Zostera. — I. A. Field. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynclius acns. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris clavata, A. habena, A. sp. Cestodes (Linton) — Dibothrium punctatum, D. sp. (larvae), Rhyn- chobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum ap- pendiculaium., D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wil- son)— Argulus laticauda, A. megalops. Myoxocephalus graenlandicus (Cuvier & Valenci- ennes). Daddy sculpin. Storer, 1867, p. 26 (Acanthocottus variabilis); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105 ( Acanthocottus graen- landicus)', Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1974; Kendall, 1908, p. 122. Common from October to December or January, the occurrence being similar to that of the next species. Spawn in November and December. Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus (Mitchill). Eighteen-spined sculpin, long-spined sculpin. Baird, 1873 ( Cottus octodecim-spinosus)', Bean, 1884 ( Cottus octodecimspinosus)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105 ( Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus)', Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1976; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 123. Shores and deeper water everywhere; very abundant from October to December or Janu- ary. A few taken during the Survey dredging in Vineyard Sound and at Crab Ledge, in July August, and September. Fish Hawk stations: 7556 (1), 7608 (4), 7718 (3). Phalarope station 19. Spawns in November and December; eggs often come ashore by the bucketful on Nobska Beach. — Smith. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala— Echino- rliynckus acus. Nematodes — Ascaris clavata, A. habena. Cestodes — Dibothrium punctatum, Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts). Trema- todes— Distomum sp. At times this sculpin may be a pest to fishermen, taking bait intended for other fish. — Edwards. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 765 Hemitripterus americanus (Gmelin). Sea raven. Baird, 1873 (Hemi trip terns acadianus); Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2023; Linton, 1901, p.467; Kendall, 1908, p. 125. Great Harbor, Katama Bay, Great Pond, off Nan- tucket.— Edwards. Common in October and November. — Smith. Seined in May. — Ed- wards. Occasionally dredged in the western part of Vineyard Sound during July and Au- gust.— Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7680 (1 small), 7703 (x small), 7718 (3), 7731 (1). Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes — Ascaris sp. Ces- todes — Dibotlirium punclatum, Phyllobothrium loliginis (immature), Rhynckobothrium impar- ispine (cysts). Trematodes — Distomurn sim- plex. Family CyclopTE rida- . Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus. Lumpfish, lump sucker. Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 2096; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 5 1 1 ; Kendall, 1908, p. 125. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, Great Harbor, Eel Pond. Adults common in spring when they are taken in traps, fyke nets, and seines; young found among driftweed throughout the summer till November. Two small specimens taken in tow net, June 5, 1905. — Edwards. One young fish dredged near Gay Head at Blue Wing station 48. Spawns in April. — Smith, Bumpus. Parasites: Caligus rapax. — C. B. Wilson. Family Liparididas. Neoliparis atlanticus Jordan & Evermann. Sea snail. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105 ( Neoliparis montagui)\ Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2107 (sp. nov.); Kendall, 1908, p. 126. Fyke net at mouth of Little Harbor, in Decem- ber.— Edwards. Vineyard Sound, in Au- gust.— Survey. Apparently rare locally. Fish Hawk stations: 7536 (one, about 1 inch long, identified by B. W. Evermann), 7721 (one, identified by R. C. Osbum). Liparis liparis (Linnaeus). Sea snail. Bean, 1884 ( Liparis lineatus)-, H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2116; Kendall, 1908, p. 127. Liparis liparis — Continued. Woods Plole, at mouth of both harbors, on rocky bottom; common in winter, occasional in sum- mer.— Edwards. Found full of spawn in December and January. — Smith. Two with spawn, March 26. — Ed- wards. Parasites: Undetermined cestode. — Linton. Family Trigpid^. Prionotus carolinus (Linnaeus). Sea robin, com- mon gurnard. [Chart 205.] Storer, 1867, p. 18 ( Prionotus palmipes); Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 516; Goode, 1884a, p. 255-258 (Prionotus palmipes)\ Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2156; Bumpus, 1898a; Linton, 1901, p. 470; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 127. Common everywhere in local waters, both in- shore and at greater depths. About 1,000 taken in a trap in one day (May, 1898). — Bumpus. Present from May or June till Oc- tober or later. — Smith. Dredged by the Sur- vey throughout Vineyard Sound and the lower end of Buzzards Bay, in water 5 to 17 fathoms deep (mainly young specimens). Fish Hawk stations: 7542 (? 1 small), 7547 (1 small), 7550 (2 very small), 7553 (1 very small), 7554 (many; all small but one), 7561 (1), 7562 (i)> 7563 bis (1 small), 7569 (2 small), 7574 (1), 7578 (1 small), 7580, 7598 (1 very small), 7617 (2 young, inch?), 7653 (1 young), 7656, 7657 (1), 7660, 7663 (1 small), 7671 (1), 7673 (2), 7675 (several), 7733 (2 small), 7740 (2), 7741 (3), 7760 (1 small), 7761 (many small), 7766 (few small), 7769 (many small), 7770 (1 small), 7772 (1), 7774 (1). 7775 (J)> 777<5 (1 small), 7779 (1). Phalarope station 55 (1). Spawns in June and July and perhaps later. Bumpus reports that they were not yet in spawning condition May 16, 1898; F. R. Lillie (Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue) records having “stripped” them on July 25, 1890. Goode reported “nearly ripe eggs” as late as August 12. Young, 35 mm. long, taken August 5, 1891.— Lillie. Young common in Waquoit Bay; occasionally taken in tow at Woods Hole, from May till August. — Edwards. Food: Crago seplemspinosus, a small flounder, amphipods, Panopeus sayi, Cancer irroratus, and several small fishes. — Verrill and Smith. Crabs, shrimps, and small fishes. — Goode. Shrimps in large numbers, amphipods and 766 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Prionotus carolinus — Continued. other small Crustacea, squid, lamellibranch mollusks, annelids, seaweed, young clams ( Mya ), fish (young winter flounder and her- ring.)— Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris habena, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Lin- ton)— Teirarhynchus bisulcatus (cysts). Trema- todes (Linton) — Diplostomum sp., Distomum appendiculatum, D. vitellosum, D. sp. Cope- pods (C. B. Wilson) — Argulus megalops. Prionotus strigatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Striped sea robin, red-winged sea robin. Storer, 1867, p. 16 ( Prionotus lineatus); Baird, 1873 ( Prionotus evolans); Bean, 1884 ( Prio- notus evolans)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2167; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; Kendall, 1908, p. 128. Common everywhere, but less so than P. caro- linus. Adults taken during May and June; young till November. — Edwards. Caught in traps and with the seine. Spawns in summer. Ovaries enlarged, but not ripe, May 13. — Bumpus. Young pi inch long and upward common throughout the sum- mer.— Smith. Parasites (Linton) — Acanthocephala — Echino- rhyncus acus. Cestodes — Rhynchobothrium im- parispine (cysts), R. longispine (cysts), Tetra- rhynchus bisulcatus (cysts). Trematodes — Dis- tomum sp. Family CephaeacanthiD/E. Cephalacanthus volitans (Linnaeus). Flying robin, flying gurnard. Storer, 1867, p. 22 ( Dactylopterus volitans)', Baird, 1873 ( Dactylopterus volitans ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2183; Kendall 1908, p. 129. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, late in the fall; a few every year, but not so common as formerly; Waquoit Bay, August 28, 1899, one specimen; Katama Bay, September 1, 1899, two specimens. — Smith. Hadley Harbor. — Edwards. Taken in traps; sometimes washed ashore. Family GoBiimE. Gobius stigmaticus ( Poey). Goby. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2224. Tisbury Pond, one specimen seined October 4, 1906 (taken by V. N. Edwards, identified by H. M. Smith). Gobiosoma bosci (Lacepede). Goby. Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2259; Kendall, 1908, p. 129. Common throughout the summer in Buzzards Bay, at Scraggy Neck, Pocasset Harbor, and Quisset Harbor. — Edwards. Mouth of Ware- ham River, at Phalarope station 158, one speci- men.— Survey. Taken with the seine or by dredge. Family EcHENEiDim®. Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus. Shark suckei , re- mora. Baird, 1873 ( Leptecheneis naucrates and L. nau- crateoides)', Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106 ( Echeneis naucrates and E. naucrateoides ); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2269 ( Echeneis naucrates)', p. 2270 (E. naucrateoides)', Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 130 (Echeneis naucrates and E. naucrateoides). Buzzards Bay, in the Bureau’s fish trap, not uncommon, several being taken nearly every summer. One caught in July, 1897, on hook and line, baited with clam. — Smith. Nan- tucket, rare. — Sharp and Fowler. Remora remora (Linnaeus). Remora. Baird, 1873 (Echeneis remora); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2271; Linton, 1901, p. 473; Kendall, 1908, p. 131. Buzzards Bay. Included by Baird in 1873 list. Rare and usually attached to large sharks. One taken September 14, 1898. — Smith. Food: Fish, squid. — Linton. Parasites: Cestodes (Linton) — Rhynchobothrium speciosum (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum lageniforme, D. monticellii. Cope- pods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus rapax. Remora brachyptera (Lowe). Swordfish sucker. Storer, 1867, p. 217 (Echeneis quatuordecimlami- naius ); Baird, 1873 (Remoropsis brachyptera ); Gill, 1873 (Remoropsis brachyptera); Bean, 1884 (Echeneis brachyptera); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2272; Kendall, 1908, p. 131. Vineyard Haven. — Gill. North side of Nau- shon.— Edwards. Listed as “rare ” by Smith, but no data given. Parasites: Dionchus agassizi. Linton. Rhombochirus osteochir (Cuvier). Spearfish remora. Baird, 1873, H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2273; Kendall, 1908, p. 131. Included by Baird in 1873 list. A specimen taken in trap at Quisset Harbor August 6, 1886. — Smith. No other records. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 767 Family Malacanthid^E. Lopholatilus chamedeonticeps Goode & Bean.a Tilefish. Collins, 1884; Goode, 1884a, p. 360; Bean, 1884; Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 284; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2278; Bumpus, 1899; Lin- ton, 1901, p. 471. Southeast of No Mans Land on border of Gulf Stream, where it was originally discovered in 1879. Common at depths of 80 to 250 fath- oms.— Goode. Abundant before 1882, in the March and April of which year over a billion, according to estimate, died as a result of unu- sual temperature conditions. Not taken again until 1892, after which time they apparently began to be more abundant. Taken on trawl lines. Spawns in July. Food: Preeminently a crab-eater, the intestines being sometimes filled with these; also found to have eaten squid, spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias), menhaden, and other fish, Salpse, mollusks, annelids, holothurians, actinians. — Linton. Parasites (Linton); Acanthocephala — Ecliino- rhynchus sp. Immature nematodes. Ces- todes — Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Tetra- rhynchus bisulcatus (cysts). Trematodes — Dis- tomum fcecundum, D. ocreatum. A fair food fish, though no market for it has thus far been developed. Family Batrachoidid^. Opsanus tau (Linnaeus). Toadfish. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 516 ( Batrachus tau)] Baird, 1873 ( Batrachus tau)] Bean, 1884 ( Ba- trachus tau); Rider, 1886, p. 77 ( Batrachus tau)] Clapp, 1891, p. 494 ( Batrachus tau)] H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2315; Linton, 1901, p. 468; Kendall, 1908, p. 132. Common everywhere in shallow waters, under stones and among weeds; a resident fish, taken throughout the year. Ordinarily obtained with the seine. Spawns in June. Reported to be spawning as early as June 3, by Bumpus; as late as the mid- dle of July by Ryder. In 1906 the spawning period, so far as observed by Dr. J. T. Pat- terson, extended from June 12 to June 25; the young fish were found to break the capsule on the 26th day after fertilization, and to become a interest. Opsanus tau — Continued. entirely free on the 42d day. One or both parents guard the eggs until hatched. Two females were taken by Mr. Edwards in Decem- ber having their ovaries filled with large, seem- ingly mature eggs. We know of no other evidence, however, that this fish spawns in winter. Food: One specimen taken locally in July con- tained Cancer irroratus. — Verrill and Smith, Mollusks ( Littorina , Ilyanassa, Tritia, Urosal- pinx, Crepidula, Pecten) Crustacea ( Cancer , Palcemonetes , Pagurus)] bones and fragments of fish, including other toadfish, found in stomach. — Linton. In order of frequency: Pagurus longicarpus in Littorina shells, Cancer irroratus, Panopeus depressus, Ovalipes, Pal- cemonetes, Crepidula, small fish ( Fundulus , Tautogolabrus, Menidia), teleost eggs. — I. A. Field. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus acus, E. clavceceps, E. fusiformis. Nematodes — Ascaris habena. Cestodes — Rhyn- chobothrium tumidulum (scolices), Scolex poly- morphus (larvae). Trematodes — Distomum tenue, D. tornatum, D. valdeinflatum, D. sp., Monostomum vinal-edwardsii. Family Phoudid.E. Pholis gunnellus (Linnaeus). Gunnel, rock eel. [Chart 206.] Storer, 1867 ( Gunnelus mucronatus)] Baird, 1873 ( Murcenoides mucronatus)] Bean, 1884 ( Murce - noides gunnellus)] H. M Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2419; Kendall, 1908, p. 132. Abundant along shores in early spring, when it 1 may be seined; at other times found only in deeper water. Dredged by the Survey during July and August in waters of 3 to 13 fathoms, at scattered stations in Vineyard Sound; only twice in Buzzards Bay. Young taken in tow from April to July, chiefly in April. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis (1), 7525 bis (1), 7553 (1). 7555 (2)> 7556 (several), 7564 (3), 7573 (few), 7760 (1 medium), 7762 (2), 7764 (1). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 21 (1), 24 (2), 93- I23 (*)■ Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — A r- gulus laticauda. (Wilson lists this parasite for “a blenny.” Pholis is the only blenny taken at all frequently in this region.) This fish does not properly belong to the Woods Hole fauna, but has been included here on account of its biological For history of our knowledge of the tilefish see Collins, 1884, and Bumpus, 1899. 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 15 768 BULLETIN of the BUREAU of FISHERIES. Family Stich.T.id^. Ulvaria subbifurcata (Storer). Bean, 1884 ( Eumeso grammus subbifurcatus. Lo- cality not stated, and perhaps not actually taken within region); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2440 (“North Atlantic, south to Cape Cod; very rare”); Kendall, 1908, p. 134 (not recorded for local waters). Western portion of Vineyard Sound, only four living specimens recorded. These were taken during July and August, in the course of the Survey dredging, at depths of 5 to 12 fathoms. Mr. Edwards reports having found several (perhaps 10 or 12) of these fishes in the crop of a sheldrake shot near Robinsons Hole, Decem- ber, 1907, or January, 1908. Fish Hawk stations: 7555! (one, 6 cm. long), 7556$ (one, 8.5 cm. long), 7697+- Phalarope station 53! (one, 4 cm. long). Family Crvptacanthodid/E. Cryptacanthodes maculatus Storer. Wrymouth, ghostfish. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Smith and Kendall, 1898 ( Cryptacanthus maculatus)', Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2443; Biological Notes, No. 1 (1900); Kendall, 1908, p. 134. Woods Hole Harbor, in 1875; again in Decem- ber, 1896, in a fyke net. — Smith. Edgartown, January, 1900, a specimen n inches long. — Edwards. Dr. Smith reports having seen several small specimens (an inch or less, in length) from Woods Hole. Family Anarhichadid^. Anarhichas lupus Linnaeus. Wolffish, catfish. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 2446; Kendall, 1908, p. 135. Vineyard Sound, in traps and on cod lines, quite rare. — Smith. None seen for several years. — Edwards. Family Zoarcidaj . Zoarces anguillaris (Peck). Eel pout. Bean, 1S84; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2457; Kendall, 1908, P- 135- Off Gay Head and Cuttyhunk , caught while fish- ing for cod, during fall; occasionally in Vine- yard Sound, off Great Harbor. Abundant formerly, now less so. — Edwards. At Fish Hawk station 7731 (repeated July 30, 1907) a small specimen was taken, which was referred to this species with tolerable certainty. Lycodes reticulatus Reinhardt. Eel pout. Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 305; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2465; Kendall, 1908, p. 136. Vineyard Sound, taken by the Fish Hawk. — Goode and Bean. Not common. Family Opiiidiid.E. Lepiopkidium sp.“ Sumner, 1909, p. 984. A fish which belongs with little doubt to this genus was found by Mr. EdwTards in the body cavity of a large hake ( Urophycis tenuis), taken in Woods Hole Harbor, May, 1908. The stranger was enveloped by a covering of peri- toneum. It measured 25 cm. in length and was extremely hard and shrunken, having the con- sistency of dried cod, though darker in color. There were no traces of scales, or even of skin, in most places, while the fin rays were wanting except at the caudal end, where some shreds remained. The chief distinguishing character was the frontal spine proper to the genus. The hake had a seemingly unimpaired stomach, filled at the time with a fair-sized whiting. The Leptophidium had doubtless been swal- lowed by the hake (probably at some distant point, in deeper water) and had forced its way out from the stomach of the latter fish into the body cavity, becoming encysted as above described. Family Mhreucciid.E. Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill). Silver hake, whiting. Baird, 1873 ( Merlucius bilineatus)', Bean, 1884; PI. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 2530; Linton, 1901, p. 473; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 51 1; Kendall, 1908, P- ^37- Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound;, abundant during fall, some years common in summer. Taken in traps at Menemsha Bight, constituting at times the greater part of the catch. Young specimens dredged by the Sur- vey at the western end of Vineyard Sound, in waters 13 to 16 fathoms deep. Fish Hawk stations: 7575, 7582, 7583, 7586 (one, 10 inches long), 7592, 7598. Food: Fish, small Crustacea, many crabs ( Pano - pens). — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus acus, E. proteus. Nematodes — As- caris clavata. Cestodes — Diboihrium angus- iatum, D. crassiceps, Phyllobothrium sp. (imma- "This is believed by Mr. L. Radcliffe to be L. cervinum Goode & Bean BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 769 Merluccius bilinearis — Continued . ture), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphous (lar- vae). Trematodes — Distomum ocreatum, D. vitellosum. Not valued by local fisherman, except for bait. Family Gadim;. Pollachius virens (Linnaeus). Pollock. Baird, 1873 ( Pollachius carbonarius)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2534; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 474; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 51 1 ; Kendall, 1908, p. 137. Vineyard Sound, Eel Pond, Great Harbor, Me- nemsha Bight, Buzzards Bajr. Common for- merly; only a few adults now taken in the Sound, young numerous. — Edwards. Adults appear in May, departing when water reaches temperature of 60 to 65 degrees; no regular line fishing for these, though many are caught in the traps. — Smith. Spawns [at Gloucester] from the end of October to the end of December. Young fish ijL inches long appear in April. — Smith. Young taken in the tow net from January to May, most abundant in April. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Larger young, 7 or 8 inches long, are taken in February and March; a similar run of fish of this size in the fall. — Smith. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris clavata, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Lin- ton)— Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Dactylocotyle deniicu- latum, Distomum ocreatum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Alebion gracile, Caligus curtus, C. mutabilis, C. rapax, Lernoea branchialis . Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum). Tomcod, frost- fish. Baird, 1873 ( Microgadus tomcodus)', Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 5*9! Bean, 1884 ( Gadus tom- codus)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2540; Sherwood and Ed- wards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 475; Kendall, 1908, p. 138. Everywhere in the harbors, near shore, abun- dant in winter, though taken throughout the year. Taken with fyke net or seine or on hook and line. Spawns in December. Young taken from Janu- ary till April, most frequently in March and April. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Attempts at artificial propagation of this fish have been unsuccessful at Woods Hole, though this has been carried on in some other places. Microgadus tomcod — Continued. Food : Local specimens taken in March and April contained Crago septemspinosus, Hippolyte zostericola, Paloemonetes vulgaris, Gammarus annulatus, G. natator, Calliopius laeviusculus , Microdeutopus minax, Gammarus ornatus, G. mucronatus , Elasmopus loevis, Pontogenia inermis, Ptilocheirus pinguis, Caprella, Nereis virens, various small fishes. — Verrill and Smith. Annelids, shrimps, amphipods, and other small Crustacea. — Linton. V- Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echind - rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris clavata, A. sp., Ichthyonema sp. Cestodes (Lin- ton)— Dibothrium rugosum, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphic (larvae). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum appendiculatum, D. ocreatum, D. simplex, D. vitellosum, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — -Argulus laticauda, .4. megalops, Caligus curtus (chalimus stage). Gadus callarias Linnaeus. Cod. Storer, 1867, p. 166 ( Morrhua americana ); Baird, 1873 ( Gadus morrhua ); Bean, 1884 ( Gadus morrhua ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2541; Bumpus, 1898, p. 486; Linton, 1901, p. 475; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 139. Vineyard Sound, Great Flarbor, few in Buzzards Bay; keeping to deep water in winter and summer, but coming to shores in fall and spring. — Edwards. Abundant and apparently not decreasing. The cod appears in Vineyard Sound, April x, and remains till about May 15; makes a second visit from October till wintry weather. — Smith. Spawnsfrom the middle of November till the mid- dle of March. Young % inch or more in length taken in surface tow in March, April, and May. Food: Worms, herring, lants, crabs. — Smith. Young observed feeding on copepods. — Bumpus. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris capsularia, A. clavata, A. habcna, Heterakis joveolata. Cestodes (Linton) — Dibothrium ru- gosum, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum ocreatum, D. rachion, D . sp. , Nitzsch- ia papillosa, undetermined trematodes. Cope- pods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus curtus, C. rapax, Lernoea branchialis . 7?o BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Melanogrammus ceglefinus .(Linnaeus). Haddock. Verrill, 1873, p. 518; Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 2542; Linton, 1901, p. 476; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 140. Common 6 or 7 miles off Gay Head and on the ocean side of Marthas Vineyard; at Lamberts Cove, 4 or 5 specimens, weighing 8 or 9 pounds, were taken May 14, 1898; a few others in Vine- yard Sound during the same spring. — Smith. Taken in March and April on hook and line, baited with herring or clam . Spawns in March. — Edwards. Food: “A complete list of the animals devoured by the haddock would doubtless include all species belonging to this fauna.” — Verrill and Smith. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris acanthocaudata, A. clavata, Heterakis foveo- lata, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Lin- ton)— Dibothrium rugosum, Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (lar- vae). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum rachi- on, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus curtus, C. rapax, Lerncea branchialis. Urophycis regius (Vi albaum). Codling, king hake. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106 ( Phycis regius); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2353; Kendall, 1908, p. 141. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, scarce. Woods Hole; one specimen taken November 6J, an- other November 7 J, 1911. Taken in the seine late in the fall. — Smith . Dredged in August. — Survey. Fish Hawk Stations: 7627! (1), 7654! (2), 7657! (i)- Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill). Squirrel hake, white hake. Bean, 1884; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 60; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106 (Phycis tenuis ); Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 2555; Linton, 1901, p. 477 (. Phycis tenuis)', Kendall, 1908, p. 142. Abundant and of general distribution. A bot- tom-living fish, frequenting muddy bottoms. Fishes of 1 to 1% pounds weight abundant in October and November; many then enter the Eel Pond ; young common throughout the sum- mer when they are sometimes taken at the surface under eelgrass and gulfweed. — Smith. Occasional specimens dredged by the Survey in Buzzards Bay, one in Vineyard Sound. Urophycis tenuis — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7592 (? 2 large and 1 small), 7617 (2), 7624 (1 small), 7656 (1), 7662 (1), 7663 00. 7673 (0- Phalarope station 22 (1 small). Taken with ripe eggs in July. Food: Worms have been found in stomach. — Edwards. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris habena, A . sp. , Ichthyonema sp. Cestodes (Lin- ton)— Dibothrium rugosum, Pliyllobothrium lo- liginis (immature), Rhynchobothrium impari- spine (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Disto- mum hispidum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus curtus, C. rapax. Urophycis chuss (Walbaum). Hake, squirrel hake. Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1S98, p. 107 (Phycis chuss)', Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2535; Linton, 1901, p. 478 ( Phycis chuss)', Kendall, 1908, p. 143. Abundant in May and June, again in October and November. — Smith. Dredged by the Survey in July and August at the western end of Vine- yard Sound. Fish Hawk stations: 7581* (one 2 inches long), 7592* (one 3 inches long), 7599! (1 large), 7682f (1), 7702f (2), 77o6f (1), 77071 (1), 7709! (2), 7719I- (1). Found with nearly ripe spawn in July; young hake (perhaps U. chuss) taken in tow from February till October; most abundant from March till July. — Edwards. Food: Shrimps, atnphipods, and other small Crustacea, small fish. — Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris habena, Heterakis foveolata. Cestodes (Lin- ton)— Dibothrium punctatum, Phyllobothrium loliginis (immature), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts), R. longispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Tetra- rhynchus bisulcat-us (cysts). Trematodes (Lin- ton)— Distomum appendiculatum, D. ocreatum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus rapax. Gaidropsarus argentatus (Reinhardt). Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2559; Kendall, 1908. p. 143. Vineyard Sound. — Goode, cited by Kendall. Rhinonemus cimbrius (Linnaeus). Four-bearded rockling. Bean, 1884; Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 384; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Evermann, BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 77* Rhinonemus cimbrius — Continued. 1898, p. 2560; Linton, 1899; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 144 (En- chelyopus cimbrius). Buzzards Bay, near Penikese. — Goode and Bean. Great Harbor, one taken in winter in a fyke net. One 10 inches long speared in Little Harbor in January, 1889; young in tow during June and July, 1900. — Sherwood and Edwards. About ten, i}4 inches long, taken in tow net at endof Bureau of Fisheries pier, April 17, 1906. — Edwards. Food: Shrimps, amphipods, bivalve mollusks. — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus acus. Trematodes — Distomum sp. Brosmius brosrne (Muller). Cusk, ling. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 2561 ( Brosrne brosrne ); Linton, 1901, p. 479; Kendall, 1908, p. 144. Vineyard Sound: formerly not uncommon in April and May, when it was caught along with cod; now very rare, though taken occa- sionally.— Smith. Parasites: Ascaris sp.— Linton. Family Macrourid^. Macro-unis bairdii Goode & Bean. Baird’s grena- dier, rat-tail. Bean, 1884 ; Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 393 ; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2583; Linton, 1901, p. 480; Kendall, 1908, p. 145. Vineyard Sound, August 26, 1882; dredged by the Fish Hawk at a depth of 9 fathoms. — Goode and Bean. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus acus . Nematodes — Ascaris sp. (imma- ture). Family PlEURonectidas:. Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus). Halibut. Baird, 1873 ( Hippoglossus americanus ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2611; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, P- 145- Vineyard Sound ; now very rare within the region , not having been taken for some years; form- erly not uncommon, a few large sized speci- mens being taken annually during April. — Smith. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris clavata, Heterakis foveolata. Cestodes (Lin- Hippoglossus hippoglossus — Continued. ton) — Dibothrium crassiceps, D. punctatum, Scolex polymorphus (larvae). Trematodes (Linton) — Epibdella hippoglossi. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Brachiella rostrata, Caligus curtis. Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius). Sand dab, rusty flounder. Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2614; Linton, 1901, p. 481; Kendall, 1908, p. 146. Great Harbor, Woods Hole, and adjacent inshore waters, not common, though specimens are occasionally taken on lines in February, and one year some were caught in a fyke. — Smith. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris incurva, Ichthyonema sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Argulus megalops. Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus). Summer floun- der. [Chart 207.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 519 ( Chcenopsetta ocellaris); Baird, 1873 ( Chcenopsetta ocellaris ); Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jor- dan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2629; Linton, 1901, p. 481; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, p. 146. Abundant throughout local waters, particularly on sandy bottoms. Taken from May 10 to October 13. — Smith. Caught in large num- bers in local fishtraps and by hook and line. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 5 to 17 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7543 bis (several), 7551 (1 large), 7554 (1). 7561 (1 large), 7562 (about 6), 7574 (about 6), 7612 (1 small), 7638 (1), 7643 (1), 7676 (1 about 2 feet long), 7686 (1). Food: One taken in June contained 26 Yoldia limatula, numerous Nucula proximo, Tellina tenera and Tritia trivittata, also Ampelisca; other specimens contained Cancer irroratus, Pinnixa sayana, Crago septemspinosus, Loligo pealii, Tellina tenera, Nucula proximo, Echina- rachnius parma. — Verrill and Smith. Squid (18 from single stomach), hermit crab, fish, crustaceans. — Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus, E. lateralis, E. proteus, E. sagitii- fer. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris sp. (imma- ture), Ichthyonema sanguineum. Cestodes (Lin- ton)— Dibothrium punctatum, Otobothrium crenacolle (cysts), Phyllobothrium loliginis (immature), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. heterospine (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts), R. longispine (cysts), R. speciosum (cysts), 772 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Paralichthys dentatus — Continued. Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Synbothriuvi fili- colle (cysts), T etrarhynchus bicolor (cysts), T. bisulcatus (cysts), T. robustus (cysts). Trema- todes (Linton) — Diclidophora affinis , Distomum appendiculatum , D. dentatum , D. grandiporum, D. monticellii, D. pudens, D. vitellosum, D. sp. Rhynchobdellida: a leech. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Argulus alosee, A. laticauda, A. megalops, Chondr acanthus galeritus, Lepeoph- iheirus edwardsi. Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill). Four-spotted flounder. [Chart 208.] Baird, 1873 ( Chcenopsetia oblonga); Bean, 1884; Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 436; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 60; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2632; Linton, 1901, p. 483; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, p. 147- Common everywhere, though less so than preced- ing species. Taken in May and June, being scarce at other times; most abundant about June 1. — Smith. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations in the outer portions of Vine- yard Sound and Buzzards Bay; 7 to 17 fath- oms, sand and mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7543 bis (several), 7554 (1 small), 7602 (1 small), 7634 (1), 7656 (1), 7661 (1 large), 7673 (3 small), 7676 (4), 7686 (1), 7706 (1). Spawns in May; incubation lasts about eight days. — Smith ; Bumpus. Food: Shrimps, amphipods, small crabs ( Can- cer]I, annelids, mollusks, small Crustacea, small fish. — Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus. Immature nematodes. Ces- todes (Linton)— Dibothrium punctatum, Phyl- lobothrium loliginis (immature), Scolex poly- morphus (larvae), Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum vi- tellosum, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus rapax, Lepeophtheirus edwardsi. Eimanda ferruginea (Storer). Rusty dab., rusty flatfish. Baird, 1873 (Myzopsetta ferruginea)', Bean, 1884; Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 427; FI. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2644; Linton, 1901, p. 484; Kendall, 1908, p. 147. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay ; very common throughout the year, at depths of 10 to 12 fathoms; a few taken in Great Harbor in fyke nets during winter. — Smith. Dredged by the Survey at occasional stations in the western end of Vineyard Sound; 7 to 17 fathoms, sand. Limanda ferruginea — Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7701 (2 young)f, 7703 (2 young)f, 7704 (several small)f, 77x7 (1 young), 7718 (1 young), 7719, 7724! , 7731 (i)f. Food: Enormous numbers of Crustacea (amphi- pods, shrimps, schizopods, small crabs, Ca - prella and Squilla), annelids, bivalve and uni- valve mollusks, small fishes. — Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- rhynchus acus. Immature nematodes. Ces- todes — Dibothrium punctatum, Rhynchoboth- rium imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvee). Trematodes — Distomum simplex, D. vitellosum, D. sp. Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum). Flat- fish, winter flounder. [Chart 209.] Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 520; Bean, 1884 (Pleuronectes americanus); Bumpus, 1898, p. 485; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2647; Linton, 1901; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, p. 148. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Great Harbor, Waquoit Bay; abundant throughout the year. Caught in traps, fyke nets, and seines or by hook and line. Dredged by the Survey throughout Buzzards Bay; in Vineyard Sound taken only at the eastern and western ends; 4 to 17 fathoms, almost exclusively on bottoms of sand or mud or mixtures of the two. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 (1, 7 inches long), 7526 (1, 8 inches long), 7582 (1), 7602 (2 small), 7613 (1 small), 7616 (1 small), 7620 (1 small), 7622 (2), 7643 (1), 7644(1), 7656 (3), 7657 (1), 766c (several small), 7661 (4), 7663 (several small), 7671 (several), 7673 (1 small), 7676 (3 small), 7678 (1 small), 7679 (several), 7680 (2 small), 7681 (several), 7685 (1), 7686 (1), 7687 (2), 7688 (1), 7689 (2), 7702 (1), 7707 (1), 7710 (1), 7721 (1), 7724 (2), 7725 (1 small), 7728 (3), 7729 (3), 77 30 (3), 7731 (2), 7762 (many medium sized and small), 7764 (several small), 7781 (1 small). Phalarope stations: 53 (many small), 78 (x small), 79 (1 small), 109, 129 (1 young). .Spawns from February to April or May. Young in tow, April, May, and June; most abundant in May. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. For breeding habits, see Sherwood and Ed- wards (1901). Food: One specimen in August contained large numbers of Haminea solitaria. — Verrill and Smith. Shrimps and other small Crustacea, annelids, mollusks, red seaweed, fish. — Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echinorhyn- chus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris ha- bena, A. sp., Ichthyonema sp. Cestodes (Lin- BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 773 Pseudopleuronectes americanus — Continued. ton) — Dibothrium punctatum, Rhynchobothrium • imparispine (cysts), R. sp. (cysts), Tetrarhyn- chus bisulcatus (cysts), T. sp. (cysts). Trema- todes (Linton) — Distomum appendiculatum, D. areolatum, D. globiporum , D. grandiporum , D. vitellosum, D. sp. Protozoa — Sporozoa (cysts). Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Argulus laticauda, A. megalops, Caligus rapax, Lepeoph- theirus edwardsi. One reversed specimen reported. Individuals occasionally found with pigment on lower side (V. N. Edwards, in “ Biological Notes,” No. i). Lophopsetta maculata (Mitchill). Sand dab, win- dowpane . [Chart 210.] Storer, 1867, p. 205 (Pleuronectes maculatus ); Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108 (Bothus maculatus)-, Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2660; Linton, 1901, p. 484 ( Bothus maculatus)-, Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, p. 150; Sumner, 1910, fig. n. Common everwhere on sandy bottoms, both in shallow and deep water. Dredged frequently by the Survey in Vineyard Sound, chiefly in the western half ; 5 to 17 fathoms, almost exclu- sively on sandy bottom; none taken in Buz- zards Bay. Present from April till late au- tumn.— Smith. Fish Hawk stations: 7540 (1 small), 7543 bis (few), 7546 (2 very small), 7553 (1 small), 7554 (1 small), 7562 (4), 7567 (3, 1 large), 7568 (few small), 7569 (1 large), 7574 (3), 7575 (several small), 7576 (few small), 7577 (1 small), 7579 (1 small), 7584 (1), 7585 (1 small), 7589 (1 small), 7590 (1), 7591 (several, 2 large), 7596 (1 large), 7598 (1 large), 7600 (1 small), 7601 (1 small), 7676 (2), 7677 (2), 7686 (1), 7698 (1 small), 7701 (1 large), 7702 (several), 7703 (few), 7705 (1 medium), 7707 (2), 7726 (2 small), 7727 (several small), 7728 (2), 7729 (3), 7731 (2). Full of spawn about June 1. — Smith. Young taken in tow from May till July, especially in June. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Specimens brought into the laboratory often regurgitated Ammodytes americanus. — Sumner. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris habena. Cestodes (Linton) — Dibothrium punc- tatum, Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum vitellosum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Argulus megalops. Platophrys ocellatus (Agassiz). Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2663 ("Long Island to Rio Janeiro ”). Several specimens seined by Mr. Edwards in Tis- bury Great Pond, October 4, 16, and 20, 1906 (identified by H. M. Smith). Family SOLEID.E. Achirus fasciatus Lacepede. Hog choker. Storer, 1867, p. 207 {Achirus mollis)-, Baird, 1873 ( Achirus lineatus ); Bean, 1884 {Achirus linea- tus)\ H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2700; Bumpus, 1898, p. 60; Linton, 1901, p. 487; Kendall, 1908, p. 150. Tashmoo Pond. — Storer. Vineyard Sound (oc- casional in traps), Wareham River (abundant), Buzzards Bay, Quisset Harbor, Eel Pond, Wa- quoit Bay, Great Pond, Tisbury Pond. — Smith, Edwards. Taken throughout the year. Eggs apparently ripe the latter part of May.— Bumpus. Food: In August, vegetable debris ( Fucus and eelgrass) . — Linton . Parasites: Distomum appendiculatum, D. sp. — Linton. Gymnachirus nudus Kaup. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2703 (listed only for Brazil); Kendall, 1911, p. 202. One small specimen, taken by V. N. Edwards at Tisbury Pond, October 16, 1906. Family Lophiid^. Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus. Goosefish, angler, fishing frog. Storer, 1867, p. 102 {Lophius americanus)-, Baird, 1873 {Lophius americanus)-, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 516; Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 109; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2713; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 487; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Ken- dall, 1908, p. 151. Distribution general, individuals even entering the “basin” of the local pier. Large speci- mens common in summer and fall, in the traps at Menemsha Bight. Late in the fall they are often seen in Woods Hole Harbor, sometimes allowing themselves to become stranded in shallow water near shore. On such occasions they do not turn back, but push on until com- pletely grounded. A large specimen taken in the beam trawl during the Survey dredg- ing at Crab Ledge (Fish Hawk station 7608). 774 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Lophius piscatorus — Continued. Nantucket, about 50 at one time. — Sharp and Fowler. Spawns in May and June. — Edwards. Spawn laid in clusters, which are often found attached to fish traps or floating in the Sound. Food: Six coots found by Capt. Leonard West, of Chilmark, in the stomach of one goosefish. — Storer. A local specimen in June contained Cancer irroratus and Loligo pealii. — Verrill and Smith. Mollusks, annelids, small Crustacea, winter flounder. — Linton. In order of fre- quency: Squid {Loligo), skates {Raja erina- cea), flounders {Paralichthys, Lophopsetta, Pseu- dopleuronectes), lady crabs, Ammodytes, sque- teague, sea robin, butterfish, Anguilla chry- sypa. — I. A. Field. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton)— Echino- rhynchus acus, E. lateralis, E. pristis, E. sp. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris increscens, A. rigida, Heterakisfoveolata. Cestodes (Linton) — Dibothrium sp. (larvae), Rhynchobothrium itn- parispine (cysts), R. speciosum (cysts), R. sp. (cysts), Scolex polymorphic (larvae), Tetra- rhynchus bisulcatus (cysts), T. sp. (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum nigrescens. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Argulus megalops, Lepeophtheirus thompsoni. Class R1 Family Dermocheud^. Dermochelys coriacea (Linnaeus). Leather-jacket. Henshaw, 1904, p. 1. Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole. Mr. Edwards states that a specimen was taken in a fish trap about 20 years ago, by Mr. I. S. Spindell, which weighed 1,400 pounds. Very few have been seen in neighborhood of Woods Hole in recent years, however. Near Newport. — Henshaw. Family Cheloniid.®. Caretta caretta (Linnaeus). Loggerhead turtle. Henshaw, 1904, p. 4 {Thallassochelys caretta. No local records). Menemsha Bight in traps; a number of speci- mens, usually about 2 feet in length, taken every year. — V. N. Edwards. Howard Ayers records (Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue) the taking of one specimen in a fish trap on Uncatena Island in July, 1892. Two individuals (one weighing 35 pounds) were brought to the Woods Hole station during the summer of 190S. Family Antennariidze. Pterophryne histrio (Linnaeus). Sargassum-fish , mousefish (a senseless name!), marbled angler. Storer, 1867, p. 105 {Chironectes Icevigatus ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 109; Jordan and Evermann. 1898, p. 2716; Kendall, 1908, p. 152. Vineyard Sound, among floating Sargassum, which it apparently seldom leaves; occasion- ally straying into harbors such as Vineyard Haven and Quisset Harbor. This straggler from southern waters was first recorded locally by Storer in 1867. During many seasons it is not observed at all. An especially large num- ber were taken in 1897 (see Smith, 1898) ; a few in 1906 and 1907; none since the 1 ast date ( 1 9 1 1 note). It does not appear till July, but speci- mens have been taken as late as November. They are collected by means of dip nets along with the gulf weed. The sargassum fish has deposited unfertilized spawn on several occasions in laboratory aqua- ria. This is laid in jelly masses, similar to those of Lophius. Parasites: Distomum sp. — Linton. The marvelous and undoubtedly protective coloration and configuration of this fish render it one of the most striking objects which appear on our coast. ^TILIA. Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus). Hawks-bill turtle . Sumner, 1909, p. 984. Menemsha Bight in traps; a number of speci- mens, usually about 18 inches in length, taken every year. — V. N. Edwards. This species, according to Mr. Edwards, is more common locally than the preceding. A specimen, un- der 6 inches long, in the local museum, bears the label “Woods Hole, August 20, 1903”; another small example was taken among gulf- weed during the summer of 1908. (Both iden- tified by F. B. Sumner from descriptions and figures furnished by Dr. L. Stejneger). Mr. Edwards likewise reports having seen “hawk-bill” turtles in Long Island Sound as late as Thanksgiving Day. They were then exhausted by the cold. Family Chelydrid^. Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus). Snapping turtle. Henshaw, 1904, p. 1 (no local records). Sometimes found in salt marshes connected with Great Pond. — V. N. Edwards. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 775 Family Testudinim;. Malaclemmys centrata concentrica (Shaw). Dia- mond-back terrapin (northern variety). J. A. Allen, 1870, p. 260 ( Malacoclemmys palus- tris); True, 1884, p. 156 ( Malacoclemmys palus- tris ); Bangs, 1896, p. 159 ( Malaclemmys terra- pin); Henshaw, 1904, p. 3 ( Malacoclemmys ter- rapin)', Hay, 1905, pp. 1-9. Nantucket (?) and New Bedford. — Allen, True. Wareham. — Allen. Buzzards Bay. — Bangs, Hay. Wareham River, common; Acushnet River, near New Bedford, occasional; may be Malaclemmys centrata concentrica — Continued. taken seining. — V. N. Edwards. A fair-sized specimen taken in Wareham River by Dr. E. D. Congdon in 1908. Bangs states that prior to 1895, or thereabouts, this tortoise was “common in the creeks and salt marshes of Buzzards Bay,” it being “no unusual sight to see six or eight fine terrapin sunning themselves on a single rock.” The animal has become comparatively scarce, however, owing to its being caught for the market. Class AVES. Family Coeymbid^E. Colymbus holboellii (Reinhardt). Holboll’s grebe. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 20. Bristol County, probably an uncommon winter visitant; Nantucket, rare. — H. & A. Vicin- ity of Woods Hole, fairly common as a win- ter resident; most abundant in November. — Edwards. Male and female specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated December 1 and December 21, 1890. Colymbus auritus Linnaeus. Homed grebe. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 20. Bristol County, common winter visitant to coast; Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Vicinity of Woods Hole, common as a winter resident; present from November till May. — Edwards. Male and female specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated December 1 and December 12, 1890. Podilymbus podiceps( Linnaeus). Pied-billed grebe. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 20. Bristol County, rather uncommon transient visi- tor.— H. & A. Woods Hole. — V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. Present from fall till May. — Edwards. Male specimens in Mr. Ed- wards’s collection dated November 12 and De- cember 6, 1902, (former shot in the Eel Pond). Family Gaviid^. Gavia burner (Briinnich). Loon. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 21. Of general distribution throughout the region; very common in winter, less so in summer. Living birds occasionally taken in the fish- traps and kept in the “shark pool” of the Woods Hole station, where they speedily be- come very tame. Specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated March 17, 1888, and January 14, 1893. Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan). Red-throated loon. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 21. Bristol County, uncommon winter visitor along coast; Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Vine- yard Sound, in summer. — L. Jones, I. A. Field. Common locally as a migrant, but not common in winter. — Edwards. Specimens of both sexes in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated February 28, and March 27, 1889, and April 10, 1894. Family Alcid.E. Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus). Puffin. Woods Hole, rare. — Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated January 18, 1902, and January, 1904. Cepphus grylle (Linnaeus). Black guillemot. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 24. Nantucket, scarce. — H. & A. Woods Hole and Hadley Harbor, in winter, rare. — Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated February 10, 1891 (both sexes), December 19, 1898 (male). Uria lomvia (Linnaeus). Briinnich’s murre. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 24. Bristol County, a winter visitor; Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Woods Hole, in winter, common. — Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Ed- wards’s collection dated January 18, 1890, and December 21, 1891 (both sexes). Alca torda Linnaeus. Razor-billed auk. Plowe and Allen, 1901, p. 23. Nantucket, scarce. — H. & A. Woods Hole, usually common in winter; abundant during season of 1908-9. — Edwards. Specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated December 12, 1889, and December 21, 1898 (both sexes). 776 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Alle alle (Linnaeus). Little auk. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 23. (No local refer- ences.) Woods Hole, in winter, common, a hundred sometimes being seen in a flock. — Edwards. Male and female specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated December 10, 1895, and De- cember 8, 10, and 12, 1898. Family Stercorariid^e. Nlegalestris skua (Briinnich). Skua. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 31; G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 9. Pollock Rip, one female, September 10, 1884. Stercorarius pomarinus (Temminck). Pomarine jaeger. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 31. Buzzards Bay. — H. & A. Woods Hole, Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound; common in summer and fall. — V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated August 2, 1888; a male dated October 29, 1890. Stercorarius parasiticus (Linnaeus). Parasitic jae- ger. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 31. BuzzardsBay. — H.&A. WoodsHole; Buzzards Bay; Vineyard Sound. — V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. Present in spring, summer and fall. Male specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated August 12 and August 29, 1888. Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot. Long-tailed jaeger. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 31. Nantucket, occasional. — H. & A. Woods Hole in spring and fall. — Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated August 12, 1888 (female), October 13, 1894. Family Larid,e. Pagophila alba (Gunnerus). Ivory gull. G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 10. Monomoy Island, December 1, 1886; “acci- dental winter visitor.” Rissa tridactyla (Linnaeus). Kittiwake gull. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 30. Bristol County, uncommon winter visitant of the coast; common in fall; Nantucket, com- . mon. — H. & A. Woods Hole, sometimes com- mon in November and December. — Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated November 29, 1888 (both sexes), November 20, 1890 (female). Larus leucopterus Faber. Iceland gull. Woods Hole, in winter, generally rare, though common during the season of 1908-9. — Ed- wards. Larus marinus Linnaeus. Black-backed gull. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 29. Bristol County, rather common winter visitor off the coast; Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Woods Hole, a fairly common winter resi- dent.— Edwards. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated January 10, 1896. Larus argentatus Pontoppidan. Herring gull. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 29; G. M. Allen, 1909, P- !3- Bristol County, abundant winter visitant; Nan- tucket, common. — H. & A. Vicinity of Woods Hole, common in winter, occasional in summer. Most of them come in September and leave in May. — Edwards. This gull nested at Weepecket Island in 1882. — Mackay, cited by Allen. Male and female specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated February 27, 1889, and February 4, 1901. Larus delawarensis Ord. Ring-billed gull. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 30 (no local records). Woods Hole, in late summer and autumn, fairly common. — L. Jones, I. A. Field. Mr. Edwards has only seen this gull in winter. A male speci- men in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated Janu- ary 17, 1893. Larus atricilla Linnaeus. Laughing gull. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 29; G. M. Allen, 1909, P- IS- Nantucket, common; breeding on Muskeget. — H.&A. The latter colony, according to Dr. Jones, consisted of about 500 individuals in 1904. The average number of eggs in a nest is about three; and the young are fed on Am- modytes, just as young terns are; likewise on insects, etc. The laughing gull comes after the terns appear, and disappears about the same time as the latter. — Edwards. Male specimens in Mr. Edwards's collection dated September, 1900 and August 10, 1906; afemale dated August 8, 1895. Larus Philadelphia (Ord). Bonaparte’s gull. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 28. Bristol County, common on migrations; Nan- tucket, common. — H. & A. Woods Hole, fairly common in fall as a migrant. — Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated November 20, 1890 (female)’, December 12, 1894 (both sexes), December 1, 1895 (male). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 777 ■Sterna caspia Pallas. Caspian tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 25. Nantucket, taken several times in September. — H. & A. Woods Hole, rare. — Edwards. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated September 20, 1891. ■Sterna maxima Boddaert. Royal tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 27; G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 17. Nantucket, a pair taken July, 1874. — H. & A. Chatham, July 29, 1889. — Allen. Seen by Mr. Edwards at Muskeget several different summers. Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida (Cabot). Cabot’s tern. G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 17. Chatham, August, 1865; Monomoy Island, Octo- ber 2, 1888; an “accidental visitor.” Sterna hirundo Linnaeus. Common tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 26; Jones, 1906, p. 35; G. M. Allen, 1910, p. 19. This tern is extremely abundant throughout the region from May 1 or earlier to the middle of September. Mr. Edwards states that young birds sometimes linger till January 1. Two winter records (January 17 and February 20) cited by Allen. The local nesting grounds are situated at Penikese, Weepecket Islands, the Muskeget group, Katama Bay (on ocean side) and probably at No Mans Land. — Jones. From a consideration of these, Dr. Jones estimated the number of common terns present locally in 1904 as being somewhere in the neigh- borhood of 100,000. The average number of eggs in one nest is three (two to six). These are laid in the sand or among driftweed, but no regular nests are constructed. The young are fed principally upon the sand launce ( Ammo - dytes americanus), of which they may eat as many as 10 in one day. This fish likewise appears to form the principal article of diet for the adult. _ (See account by Jones, 1906.) Sterna paradisea Brtinnich. Arctic tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 26. Nantucket, not very common. — H. & A. Woods Hole, occasional. — Edwards. Weepeckets, August 4, 1903. — Jones. Sterna dougalli Montagu. Roseate tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 27; Jones, 1906, p. 43. Abundant throughout the region from May to September. In 1904, Dr. Jones estimated the number present in this region as approximately 40,000. He found nesting places at Penikese, Sterna dougalli — Continued. Weepecket and Muskeget Islands. The aver- age number of eggs found in a nest was two (rarely three), and these were nearly always laid among vegetation. As in the case of 5. hirundo, the young are fed upon Ammodytes. Sterna antillarum (Lesson). Least tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 28. Nantucket, fairly common. — H. & A. Katama Bay is the nesting place of a small colony. — Jones. Reported as nesting likewise at Peni- kese and Muskeget, but Dr. Jones found no evidence of this. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated September 14, 1893; a male, July 20, 1894. Formerly much more common than at present. — Edwards. Sterna fuscata Linnaeus. Sooty tern. G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 20. Chatham, September, 1877; Newport, 1877. “Accidental visitor.” Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis (Gmelin). Black tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 25. Nantucket, “not very abundant, August usu- ally.”— H. &. A. Woods Hole, fairly common in fall as a migrant.— Edwards. Rhynchops nigra Linnaeus. Black skimmer. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 28; G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 22. Falmouth and Woods Hole: 2 records.— H. & A. Weepecket Islands, July 16, 1903.- — Jones. “Said to have bred about 1830 at Muskeget Island.” — Allen. Formerly common at Nan- tucket; likewise seen in Vineyard Sound; none seen lately. — Edwards. Family ProcEELARiidze. Puffinus borealis Cory. Cory’s shearwater. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 22. Nantucket, fairly common some years; Buzzards Bay, abundant during the fall of 1886. — H. & A. Vicinity of Woods Hole. — V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. Summer and fall; “generally seen on the ocean or near it in the Sound.” — Jones. Male specimens in Mr. Ed- wards’s collection dated August 20, 1885, and August 29, 1888. Puffinus gravis (O’Reilly). Greater shearwater. Male specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated September 2, 1888, and October 13, 1894. 778 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Puffinus griseus (Gmelin). Sooty shearwater. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 23 (P. fuliginosus). Buzzards Bay, a few in the fall of 1886; Nan- tucket, once noted. — H. & A. Vicinity of Woods Hole. — V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. Present during summer and fall; “generally seen in the ocean or near it on the Sound.” — Jones. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated August 20, 1890. Oceanodronia leucorhoa (Vieillot). Leach's petrel. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 21. “One June record from Marthas Vineyard Island.” — H. & A. Dr. Jones and Mr. Ed- wards have both observed this bird locally in summer and fall; “generally seen in the Sound or on the ocean, feeding. It is possible that it breeds in the vicinity.” — Jones. Dr. G. M. Allen states, on the contrary, that this bird is not known to breed south of Maine. Oceaniles oceanicus (Kuhl). Wilson’s petrel. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 22. Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Vicinity of Woods Hole in summer. — V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. “Usually seen in the Sound or on the ocean, feeding.” A male specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection, dated July 15, 1886. Family Sulid^E. Sula bassana (Linnaeus). Gannet. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 59. Nantucket, not very common. H.&A. Woods Hole , rare in spring, common in fall.— Edwards. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection, dated October 10, 1888; a male dated Septem- ber 20, 1889. Family Phalacrocoracid,e. Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus). Common cormo- rant. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 59. Bristol County, rather common visitant along the coast; Nantucket, scarce. — H. & A. Woods Hole, fairly common as a spring and fall mi- grant; occasionally seen in winter and in summer as late as July. — Edwards. Female specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection, dated November 28, 1888, and December 15, 1898. Phalacrocorax anritus (Lesson). Double-crested cormorant. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 59 (no local records). Woods Hole, common as a spring and fall mi- grant.— Edwards. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection, dated June 16, 1891. Family PelEcanid,®. Pelecanus occidentalis (Linnaeus). Brown pelican. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 60 ( P.fuscus ); G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 28. Nantucket, a flock of 13 seen by S. C. Martin about 1867. — H. & A. One specimen seen at Robinsons Hole, May, 1901. — Edwards. Family Fregatid^j. Fregaia aquila (Linnaeus). Frigate bird. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 60; G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 29. New Bedford, one shot October 17, 1893. (“Re- cord not confirmed.” — Allen.) Family Anatid^E. Mergus americanus Cassin. American merganser. Vicinity of Woods Hole, tolerably common; sometimes abundant at Waquoit Bay. — Ed- wards. Quisset. — Field. Specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection, dated February 12, 1887 (female), November 23, 1887 (male), March 10, 1902 (both sexes). Mergus serrator Linnaeus. Red-breasted mergan- ser, sheldrake. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 58 ( Merganser senator). Bristol County, common winter visitor along the coast; Nantucket, common. — H.&A. Woods Hole. — V. N. Edwards, I. A. Field. Abundant as a migrant and winter resident. — Edwards. Male and female specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection, dated April 2, 1890, and April 10, 1891. Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus). Hooded mer- ganser. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 58. Nantucket, scarce. — H. & A. Woods Hole, dur- ing migrations and in winter, scarce. — Ed- wards. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated November 2, 1887. Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus. Mallard duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 50 (A. boscas). Bristol County, uncommon transient visitor: Nantucket, not unusual. — H. & A. Woods Hole, during migrations and through the win- ter.— Edwards. Anas rubripes (Brewster). Black duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 50 (Anas obscura). Bristol County, uncommon summer resident and very common winter resident; Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Common as a migrant and during winter and summer. “ Evidently BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 779 Anas rubripes — Continued. breeding at Muskeget.” — L. Jones, I. A. Field. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated February 24, 1889, a female February 20, 1894. Mareca americana (Gmelin). American widgeon. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 52; G. M. Allen, 1909, P- 33- Nan tucket, not very abundant. — H. & A. For- merly present during migrations, but none seen for a number of years. — Edwards. Nettion crecca Linnaeus. European teal. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 52; G. M. Allen, 1909, P- 34- Muskeget, male, March 16, 1890. Nettion carolinensis (Gmelin). Green-winged teal. Woods Hole, formerly fairly common; now less so. — Edwards. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated September 2, 1888. Querquedula discors (Linnaeus). Blue-winged teal. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 52. Bristol County, uncommon transient visitor; may winter; Nantucket, scarce. — H. & A. Woods Hole, during migrations, formerly com- mon, now scarce. — Edwards. A female speci- men in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated Sep- tember 20, 1887. Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus). Shoveller duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 53. Nantucket, 1 record. Dafila acuta (Linnaeus). Pin-tail duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 52. Bristol County, rather common transient visitor; Nantucket, scarce; young birds occasional. — - H. & A. Formerly fairly common in Buzzards Bay during migrations, now rare; a specimen shot at Weepecket February 4, 1909. — Ed- wards. Marila americana (Eyton). Red-headed duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 53 ( Nyroca americana) . Bristol County, rare transient visitor; Nantucket, fairly common. — H. & A. Specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated December 10, 1900 (male), January 5, 1908 (female). Marila vallisneria (Wilson). Canvasback duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 53 ( Nyroca vallisneria). Nantucket, rare. Marila marila (Linnseus). American scaup duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 54 ( Nyroca marila). Bristol County, common in migrations; Nan- tucket, common. — H. & A. Waquoit, com- mon during migrations. — Edwards. Speci- mens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated April 6, 1888 (male), December 6, 1891 (both sexes). I Marila affinis (Eyton). Lesser scaup duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 54 ( Nyroca affinis). Nantucket, not uncommon. — H. & A. Woods Hole. — I. A. Field. Common during migrations only. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated April 6, 188S. Clangula clangula americana (Bonaparte). Ameri- can golden-eye duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 54. Bristol County, very common winter visitor along coast; Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Male specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated March 8, 1890, and February 12, 1894. Charitonetta albeola (Linnaeus). Buffle-head duck, dipper. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 55. Bristol County, uncommon winter visitant; Nan- tucket, not uncommon. — H. & A. Woods Hole, occasional in migrations, less so in win- ter.— Edwards. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated March 8, 1890; a female, dated January 21, 1893. i Harelda hyemalis (Linnaeus). Old squaw, long- tailed duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 55. Bristol County, abundant winter visitant along coast; Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Woods Hole, abundant during migration and all win- ter.— Edwards. Male and female specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated January 4, 1889, and March 6, 1890. Histrionicus histrionicus (Linnaeus). Harlequin duck. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated December 18, 1895. This was killed at Weepecket Island. Somateria mollissima borealis (Brehm). North- ern eider. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 57. Nantucket, rare. — H. & A. Woods Hole, Janu- ary 21, 1893, 1 female. — Edwards. Somateria dresseri Sharpe. American eider. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 57. Bristol County, common winter visitant along the coast; Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Woods Hole, common during migrations and in winter. — Edwards. Male and female speci- mens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated Feb- ruary 27, 1890, February 6 and February 21, 1893, and February 11, 1894. 780 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Somateria spectabilis (Linnaeus). King eider. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 57. Nantucket, in winter, rare. — H. & A. Woods Hole, in winter, rare. — Edwards. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated January 21, 1893; a male, January 20, 1894. Oidemia americana Swainson. American scoter. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 56. Bristol County, common winter visitor along coast; Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Woods Hole, common during migrations and in the winter. — Edwards. Male and female speci- mens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated Feb- ruary 16, 1899. Oidemia deglandi Bonaparte. White-winged scoter (commonly called “coot”). Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 56. Bristol County, abundant winter visitor along coast. — H. & A. Woods Hole and vicinity. — V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. Present throughout the year, being especially abundant in winter, when great flocks are seen in Buz- zards Bay. Not known to breed here. — Ed- wards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collec- tion dated January 1, 1890, January 15, 1890, and January 9, 1892. Oidemia perspicillata (Linnaeus). Surf scoter. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 56. Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Woods Hole and vicinity, abundant during migrations, common in winter. — Edwards. One seen at Quicks Hole, July 30, 1904. — Jones. Speci- mens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated De- cember 20, 1890 (male), January 6, 1891 (both sexes). Erismatura jamaicemis (Gmelin). Ruddy duck. Howe and Allen, 1901; G. M. Allen, 1909^. 46. Nantucket, rare; Buzzards Bay, common. — H. & A. Woods Hole and vicinity, common dur- ing migrations. — Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated December 1, 1890 (female), December 4, 1890 (male), November 20, 1891 (both sexes). Class M. Family Balvenid^. Baldsna glacialis Bonnaterre. North Atlantic right whale, black whale. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 1 True, 1904, p. 244 (no local records). Branta canadensis (Linnaeus). Canada goose. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 49. Bristol County, common transient visitor; Nan- tucket, not uncommon. — H. & A. Woods Hole and vicinity, common as a migrant. — Edwards. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated January 19, 1893. Branta bernicla glaucogastra (Brehm). Brant. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 50 ( Branta bernicla ) G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 50. Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Woods Hole and vicinity, formerly common as a migrant, rarely wintering; recently uncommon. — Ed- wards. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated April 10, 1891. Branta nigricans (Lawrence). Black brant. G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 51. Chatham, in spring of 1883: “accidental visitor. ” Olor columbianns (Ord). Whistling swan. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 47; G. M. Allen, 1909, P- 52 Nantucket, 1 shot, March, 1878. Family Phalaropodid^e. Phalaropus fulicarius (Linnaeus). Red phalarope. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 43 (Crymophilus fuli- carius). Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Penikese, July 21, 1901. — L. Jones, I. A. Field. Present lo- cally only during migrations; sometimes quite common. — Edwards. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated June 15, 1882. Lobipcs lobatus (Linnaeus). Northern phalarope. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 43 ( Phalaropus lobatus ). Bristol County, rather uncommon transient visi- tor; Nantucket, common. — H. & A. Of gen- eral distribution; sometimes common, occur- ring on migrations and during summer. — Ed- wards. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated August n, 1886. Steganopus tricolor Vieillot. Wilson’s phalarope. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 43. Nantucket, 1 specimen, August, 1889. — H. & A. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards’s collection dated May 30, 1893. Balcena glacialis — Continued. Nantucket. — Allen. Mr. Edwards wrote to Prof. Baird, May 1, 1886: “I hear to-day that the right whales are plenty back of Nantucket and that they have killed three this week and towed them ashore and stripped them.” BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 78i Mcgaptera nodosa (Bonnaterre). Humpback whale. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 2; True, 1904, p. 211. (No local records given by either writer.) Were formerly seen in Vineyard Sound; none for many years. — V. N. Edwards. Balcenoptera physalus (Linnseus). Common fin- back whale. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 2; True, 1904, p. 107. (No local records given by either writer.) Whales of this species were formerly seen in Vineyard Sound, the last one in 1903 or 1904. — V. N. Edwards. Mr. Edwards states that two specimens, which were believed at the time to be sulphur-bottom whales (B. musculus), were taken many years ago during the month of May at Tuckernuck and Smiths Island, respect- ively. They had drifted ashore, after being shot. The skeleton of one of these was sent to the National Museum. Dr. True informs us that no sulphur-bottom whales have been re- ceived at the museum, but only specimens of the finback. He therefore regards the foregoing records as applying to the finback, and regards any records of the occurrence of the sulphur- bottom whale in the Woods Hole Region as being questionable. ? Balcenoptera musculus (Linnseus). Sulphur-bot- tom whale. Goode, 1884, p. 27 ( Sibbaldius borealis)', G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 3 (no local records). According to Goode, Prof. Baird obtained a fine skeleton of this whale at Nantucket in 1875; but Mr. Edwards believes that reference is here made to one of the two specimens men- tioned in our discussion of the preceding spe- cies. As stated above, Dr. True questions the reliability of any records of the occurrance of the sulphur-bottom whale in local waters. Balcenoptera acuto-rostrata Lacepede. Little piked whale. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 2 (no local records); True, 1904, p. 192. Monomoy Point Lighthouse, July 11, 1883, a young specimen picked up and towed into Harwich port; the skeleton was received by the National Museum from the U. S. Fish Commission . — T rue . Family PhysETErid^S Physeter macrocephalus Linnseus. Sperm whale. Jackson, 1842, p. 137; Goode, 1884, p. 7; G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 3. “Vineyard Sound, about 15 miles from New Bed- ford, on the 29th of March, 1842”, a specimen Physeter macrocephalus — Continued. 16 feet long. — Jackson. Siasconset, Nan- tucket, August 26, 1897, a young (apparently new born) specimen obtained by Dr. Harrison Allen and presented by him to the National Museum. — True. Mesoplodon bidens (Sowerby). G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 4. Nantucket, a specimen 16 feet in length. — Agas- siz. (Note in Proceedingsof the Boston Society of Natural History, November 6, 1867.) Family Deephinid^E. Globiocephala melas (Traill). Blackfish. Goode, 1884, p. 11; G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 5 (no local records); True, 1889, p. 133 (no local records). “Occasionally run ashore at Nantucket.”— Goode. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, appearing in schools; formerly common. — V. N. Edwards. Dr. True informs us that va- rious skeletons and skulls of this species, which had been collected by Mr. Edwards, were re- ceived by the National Museum in 1875, 1877, and 1884. Forty-five were driven ashore at Monument Beach, Buzzards Bay, on Septem- ber 30, 1907, these being only a fraction of the total school. Phoccena phoccena (Linnaeus). Puffing pig, snuffer, harbor porpoise, herring hog. True, 1889, p. 1 18 ( Phoccena communis; no local records); G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 6 (no local records). Taken in traps at Menemsha Bight, and formerly in Buzzards Bay (when trap fishing was al- lowed); ascends the “river ” as far as New Bed- ford, feeding upon alewives; appears in June and July. — V. N. Edwards. Dr. True informs us that odd bones, sent by Mr. Edwards from Woods Hole, are stored in the National Mu- seum (entered in 1874). Lagenorhynchus acutus (Gray). Striped porpoise, skunk porpoise. True, 1889, p. 85; G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 6 (no local records). Woods Hole (specimen figured by True, 1889, pi. xxiii). Dr. True likewise supplies us with records of specimens taken in 1888 in neighbor- ing parts of the ocean, somewhat beyond the limits of the region as defined in this report. Buzzards Bay; schools frequently seen in Au- gust and September.— V. N. Edwards. One taken at Menemsha Bight in fish trap October 7, 1901. 782 bulletin oe the bureau of fisheries. Delphinus delphis Linnaeus. Common dolphin. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 7 (no local records). Dr. True furnishes the following record: “Woods Hole, Mass., September 29, 1884. Male and female. Skeletons in U. S. National Museum, received from U. S. Fish Commission. (These may have merely been brought into Woods Hole from some other place).” He also cites several captures of this species in adjacent parts of the ocean, beyond the limits of this region, strictly speaking. Family Murids. Fiber zibethicus (Linnaeus). Muskrat. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 17 (no local records). Lackeys Bay, in marsh; Great Pond; Waquoit Bay; Tisbury Pond; Ch il mark Pond ; Herring Pond (at Edgartown). — V. N. Edwards. Builds nests from dead eelgrass, marsh grass, etc., at first forming a solid heap, which is then ex- cavated. These animals are trapped through- out the winter. Family Phocid^e. Phoca vitulina Linnaeus. Harbor seal. H. M. Smith, 1900, G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 20 (no local records). Scraggy Neck; Lackeys Bay; Woods Hole Har- bor; common some years, a herd of 100 or more Phoca vitulina — Continued. being sometimes seen in Buzzards Bay. Ap- pear in middle of October or first of November and continue till April or May; never seen in summer. Caught in fyke nets or gill nets; in the former case they drown ; in the latter case they are frequently caught alive, 21 specimens being thus taken by Mr. Edwards within two weeks during January, 1887. — Smith. A specimen was shot by Mr. E. F. Locke within the “basin” of the local pier on December 24, T9°7 ■ ? Cystophora cristata (Erxleben). Hooded seal, crested seal. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 21 (no local records). To this species perhaps belongs a seal said by Mr. V. N. Edwards to be several times as large as the harbor seal and seen by him during more than one season in Lackeys Bay. Family Must eli 0/13. Putorius vison lutreocephalus (Harlan). Little brown mink. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 25 (no local records). Nonamesset Island, in gutters and salt sands. — V. N. Edwards. Devils Foot Island, in Woods Hole Harbor. — F. B. Sumner. BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR FAUNAL CATALOGUE. (Restricted almost wholly to papers recording the occurrence of species within the region comprised by the present report.) Adams, C. B. 1839. Observations on some species of the marine shells of Massachusetts, with descriptions of five new species. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 11, p. 262-288, pi. v. 1840. Descriptions of thirteen new species of New England shells. Ibid., vol. in, p. 318-332, pi. in. Agassiz, A. 1865. North American Acalephse. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, no. 2, 1865, p. xiv + 234. Cambridge. Agassiz, L. 1860-1862. Contributions to the natural history of the United States, vol. m and IV. Little, Brown & Co., Boston. Allen, G. M. 1904. Fauna of New England. 3. List of the Mammalia. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, vii, no. 3, p. 1-35. 1909. Fauna of New England. 11. — List of the Aves. Ibid., vn, no. n, p. 1-230. Allen, J. A. 1870. Notes on Massachusetts reptiles and batrachians. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 13, p. 260-263. 1878. A list of the birds of Massachusetts, with annotations. Bulletin of the Essex Institute, vol. 10, p. 3-37. Salem, Mass. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 783 Andrews, E. A. 1892. On the eyes of polychaetous annelids. Journal of Morphology, vol. vn, 169-222, pi. ix-xii. Boston. Baird, S. F. 1873. List of fishes collected at Woods Hole. Report U. S. Fish Commission 1871-72, p. 823-827. Washington. Bangs, O. 1896. An important addition to the fauna of Massachusetts. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. xxvii, p. 159-161. Bartsch, Paul. 1909. Pyramidellidae of New England and the adjacent region. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. xxxiv, no. 4, p. 67-113, pi. n-14. 1909a. More notes on the family Pyramidellidae. The Nautilus, vol. xxm, no. 4, p. 54-59. Boston . Bean, B. A. 1909. The proper name of the American eel Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur). Science, n. s., vol. xxix, p. 871, 872. New York. Bean, T. H. 1884. List of fishes collected by the U. S. Fish Commission at Woods Hole, Mass., during the sum- mer of 1881. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission 1882, p. 339-344. Washington. Benedict, J. E. 1901. The hermit crabs of the Pagurus bemhardus type. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xxm, p. 451-466. Washington. Benedict, J. E-, and Rathbun, M. J. 1891. The Genus Panopeus. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xiv, p. 355-385, pi. xix-xxiv. Washington. Bergh, R. 1885. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der ASolidiaden. VIII. — Verhandlungen der k. k. zoologisch-botan- ischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Jg. 1885, p. 3-62, taf. i-vii. Bigelow, M. A. 1902. The early development of Lepas. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. xl, p. 60-141, pi. 1-12. Cambridge. Biological Notes, No. i. 1900. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xix, 1899, p. 305-310. Washington. (Notes by H. M. Smith, H. C. Bumpus, V. N. Edwards, E- E- Hahn, A. D. Mead, and G. M. Gray). Biological Notes, No. 2. 1901. Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xxi, 1901, p. 27-33. Washington. (Notes by G. H. Sherwood, V. N. Edwards, and H. M. Smith.) Bumpus, H. C. 1898. The breeding of animals at Woods Holl during the month of March, 1898. Science, n. s., vol. vii, no. 171, Apr. 8, 1898, p. 485-487. New York. 1898a. The breeding of animals at Woods Holl during the month of May, 1898. Ibid., vol. vm, no. 185, July 15, 1898, p. 58-61. 1898b. The breeding of animals at Woods Holl during the months of June, July, and August, 1898. Ibid., vol. viii, no. 207, Dec. 16, 1898, p. 850-858. 1899. The reappearance of the tilefish. Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xvm, 1898, p. 321-333. Washington. Bush, K. J. 1909. Notes on the family Pyramidellidae. American Journal of Science and Arts, vol. xxvii, June, 1909, p. 475-484. New Haven. Calkins, G. N. 1902. Marine protozoa from Woods Hole. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xxi, 1901, p. 413-468. Washington. 16269° — Ball. 31, pt 2 — 13- 16 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 784 Calman, W. T. 1912. The Crustacea of the order Cumacea in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Pro- ceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. xu, p. 603-676, 112 text fig. Washington. Clapp, Cornelia M. 1891. Some points in the development of the toadfish (Batrachus tau). Journal of Morphology, vol. v, p. 494-501. Boston. Clark, H. L. 1899. The Synaptas of the New England coast. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xix, 1899, p. 21-31, pi. 10. Washington. 1904. The echinoderms of the Woods Hole region. Ibid., vol. xxn, 1902, p. 547-576, pi. i-xiv. 1905. Fauna of New England. 4. List of the Echinodermata. Occasional papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, vn, 1905, p. 1-13. 1908. A brittle star new to the Woods Hole fauna. Science, n. s., vol. xxvii, no. 682, Jan. 24, 1908, p. 147. New York. Coe, W. R. 1895. Descriptions of three new species of New England palasonemerteans. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Science and Arts, vol. ix, p. 515-522. New Haven. 1899. Notes on the times of breeding of some common New England nemerteans. Science, n. s., vol. ix, February 3, 1899, p. 167-169. New York. 1902. Nemertean parasites of crabs. American Naturalist, vol. xxxvi, no. 426, p. 431-450. New York. Cole, L. J. 1901. Notes on the habits of pycnogonids. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 195-207. 1906. Feeding habits of the pycnogonid Anoplodactylus lentus. Zoologischer Anzeiger, bd. xxix, nr. 24, p. 740, 741. Leipzig. 1910. Peculiar habitat of a pycogonid (Endeis spinosus) new to North America, with observations on the heart and circulation. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. xviii, no. 4, p. 193-203. Collins, J. W. 1884. History of the tilefish. Report U. S. Fish Commission 1882, p. 237-294, 2 pi. Washington. Conklin, E. G. 1897. The embryology of Crepidula. Journal of Morphology, vol. 13, p. 1-226. Boston. Cope, E. D. 1870. Observations on some fishes, new to the American fauna, found at Newport, R. I., by Samuel Powell. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. xx, p. 118-121. Cowles, R. P. 1903. Notes on the rearing of the larvseof Polygordius appendiculatus and on the occurrence of the adult on the Atlantic coast of America. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Labo- ratory at Woods Hole, vol. iv, no. 4, p. 125-128. Cushman, J. A. 1906. Marine Ostracoda of Vineyard Sound and adjacent waters. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 32, no. 10, p. 359-385, pi. 27-38. 1908. Foraminifera of the Woods Hole region. Ibid., vol. 34, no. 2, p. 21-34, pi. 5- Dall, Wk H. 1889. A preliminary catalogue of the shell-bearing marine mollusks and brachiopods of the south- eastern coast of the United States. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, no. 37, 218 p., 74 pi. (Reprinted with 21 additional plates in 1903.) Davenport, C. B. 1891. Observations on budding in Paludicella and some other Bryozoa. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, vol. xxii, no. 1, p. 1-114, pi. i-xii. Cam- bridge. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 785 Desor, E- 1848. (Notes in report of meeting.] Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. Ill, p. 65-68 (meeting of Oct. 18, 1848). Eiieers, Ernst. 1864-68. Die Borstenwiirme (Annelida Chsetopoda) nach systematischen und anatomischen Unter- suchungen. 4to. Leipzig. Faxon, W. 1879. On some young stages in the development of Hippa, Porcellana, and Pinnixa. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, vol. v, no. 11, p. 253-268, pi. i-v. Cambridge. Fewkes, J. W. 1880. Contributions to a knowledge of the tubular jellyfishes. Bulletin of the Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Harvard College, vol. vi, p. 127-146, pi. i-m. Cambridge. 1881. Studies of the jellyfishes of Narragansett Bay. Ibid., vol. vm, no. 8, 1881, p. 141-182, pi. I-IX. 1882. On the Acalephae of the east coastof New England. Ibid., vol. ix, no. S, p. 291-310, pi. 1. 1883. On the development of certain worm larvae. Ibid., vol. xi, no. 9, p. 167-208, pi. i-viii. Field, I. A. 1907. Unutilized fishes and their relation to the fishing industries. Bureau of Fisheries doc.no. 622, 50 p., 1 pi.; also in Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for 1906 and Special Papers. Washington. 1911. The food value of sea mussels. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxix, 1909^.87-128, pi. xviu-xxv. Washington. (Issued separately as Bureau of Fisheries doc. no. 742.) Ganong, W. F. 1886. Is Littorina litorea introduced or indigenous? American Naturalist, vol. xx, p. 931-940. New York. 1889. The economic Mollusca of Acadia. St. John, New Brunswick, 1889, 116 p. {(Reprinted from Bulletin no. vm of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick.) Gardiner, E. G. 1895. The early development of Polychcerus caudatus Mark. Journal of Morphology, vol. xi, p. 1 55-17 1. Boston. Gerould, J. H. 1904. The development of Phascolosoma. (Preliminary note.) Archives de Zoologie Experi- mentale et Generate [4], t. xi, Notes et revue, no. 2, p. i-xii. Paris. 1906. The development of Phascolosoma. (Notes on the embryology of Sipunculidse, II.) Zoologischer Jahrbficher, Abtheilung fur Anatomie, bd. 23, heft 1, p. 77-162, taf. 4-11. Jena. 1908. A comparison of the cephalic organs in certain sipunculids. Report of meeting of American Society of Zoologists. Science, n. s., vol. xxvii, p. 488. New York. Gill, Theodore. 1873. Catalogue of the fishes of the east coast of North America. Report U. S. Fish Commission, 1871-72, p. 779-822. Washington. Goode, G. B. 1879. The occurrence of Belone latimanus in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. 1, p. 6, 7. Washington. 1879a. A history of the menhaden. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission 1877, p. 1-527, pi. i-xxxi. Washington. 1883. Materials for a history of the swordfish. Ibid., 1880, p. 289-387, pi. i-xxiv. Washington. 1884. Natural history of useful aquatic animals. Part I, — The whales and porpoises. The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, sec. 1, pt. 1, p. 7-32. U. S. Fish Commission, Washington. 1884a. Same. Part III. — Fishes. Ibid., sec. 1, p. 163-682, pi. 35-252. 786 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Goode, G. B. and Bean, T. H. 1895. Oceanic ichthyology. Special Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, vol. 1, p. 1-553, vol. n, pi. i-cxxiii. Washington. Goto, S. 1900. Notes on some exotic species of ectoparasitic trematodes. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, 1898-1900, p. 263-295, pi. xx, xxi. Gould, A. A. 1841. Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts, comprising the Mollusca, Crustacea, Annelida, and Radiata. 373 p., 15 pi. Cambridge. 1870. Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts. Second edition, comprising the Mollusca. Edited by W. G. Binney. 524 p., xxvii pi. Boston. Graff, L- von. 1911. Acoela, Rhabdocoela und Alloecoela des Ostens der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, bd. xcix, hft. 1, p. 321-428, pi. i-vi. Gurley, R. R. 1893. On the classification of the Myxosporidia, a group of protozoan parasites infesting fishes. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xi, 1891, p. 407-420. Washington. 1894. The Myxosporidia, or psorosperms of fishes, and the epidemics produced by them. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission, 1892, p. 65-304+v, pi. 1-47. Washington. Harger, O. 1873. (In Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound, p. 567-573. See Verrill and Smith.) 1879. Notes on New England Isopoda. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. 11, p. 157-165. Washington. 1880. Report on the marine Isopoda of New England and adjacent waters. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission 1878, p. 297-462, pi. i-xm. Washington. • Hargett, C. W. 1900. A contribution to the natural history of Pennaria tiarella McCrady. American Naturalist, vol. xxxiv, no. 40, p. 387-406, pi. i-iv. New York. 1901. Synopses of North American invertebrates. XIV. — The Hydromedusse, pt. 1. Ibid', vol. xxxv, no. 412, April, 1901, p. 301-315. 1901a. Synopses of North American invertebrates. XIV. — The Hydromedusse, pt. 11. Ibid., vol. xxxv, no. 413, May, 1901, p. 379-395. 1901b. Synopses of North American invertebrates. XIV. — The Hydromedusas, pt. in. Ibid., vol. xxxv, no. 415, July, 1901, p. 575-595. 1902. Notes on a few medusse new to Woods Hole. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. 11, no. 1, p.13-23, 1902. 1902a. Notes on the coelenterate fauna of Wood^ Hole. American Naturalist, vol. xxxvi, no. 427, July, 1902, p. 549-560. New York. 1903. Synopses of North American invertebrates. XIV. — The Scyphomedusse, pt. iv. Ibid., vol. xxxvn, no. 437, p. 331-345- 1904. The medusse of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxiv, 1904, p. 21-79, pl- 1— vii. Washington. 1906. Experiments on the behavior of tubicolous annelids. Journal of Experimental Zoology, vol. in, no. 2, p. 295-320. Philadelphia. 1908. Notes on a few coelenterates of Woods Plole. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. xiv, no. 2, p. 95-120. 1909. New and little-known hydroids of Woods Hole. Ibid., vol. xvii, no. 6, p.369-385. 1911. A further note on Keratosum complexum. Ibid., vol. xx, no. 3, p. 187-189. Hay, W. P. 1905. A revision of Malacleminys, a genus of turtles. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxiv, 1904, p. 3-19, pl. 1— xii. Washington. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 787 Henshaw, S. 1904. Fauna of New England. 1. List of the Reptilia. Occasional papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, vii, p. 1-13. Herrick, F. H. 1896. The American lobster. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xv, 1895, p. 1-252, pi. 1-54. Washington. 1902. The reproductive period in the lobster. Ibid., vol. xxi, 1901, p. 161-166. 1911. Natural history of the American lobster. Ibid., vol. xxix, 1909, p. 149-408, pi. xxxm- xlvii. (Issued separately as Bureau of Fisheries document no. 747.) Holmes, S. J. 1901. Observations on the habits and natural history of Amphithoe longimana Smith. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. 11, p. 165-193. 1903. Synopses of North American invertebrates, xviii. The Amphipoda. American Naturalist, vol. xxxvii, p. 267. 1905. The Amphipoda of southern New England. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxiv, 1904, p. 457-S29. pl- i-xiii. Howe, R. H., and Allen, G. M. 1901. The birds of Massachusetts. 154 p. Cambridge. Hyatt, A. 1877. Revision of the North American Porifera?; with remarks upon foreign species. Part 11. Me- moirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 11, pt. iv, p. 11-84, pi. 15-17. 1878. Article “Sponges” in Johnson’s New Universal Cyclopaedia, Appendix, p. 1667-1670. (Fig- ure of “ Tethya gravata Hyatt (N. S.)” on p. 1668.) Jackson, J. B. S. 1845. Dissection of a spermaceti whale, and three other cetaceans. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. v, p. 137-171. Jones, L. 1906. A contribution to the life history of the common (Sterna hirundo) and roseate (S. dougalli) terns. Wilson Bulletin, vol. xviii, n. s. no. 2, p. 35-47. Oberlin, Ohio. Jordan, D. S., and Evermann, B. W. 1896-1900. The fishes of North and Middle America. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, no. 47, iv pt., 1-3313 p., i-cccxcii pi. Washington. Judd, S. D. 1896. Descriptions of three species of sand fleas (ampliipods) collected at Newport, R. I. Pro- ceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xviii, p. 593-603. Washington. Kendall, W. C. 1902. Notes on the silversides of genus Menidia of the east coast of United States, with descriptions of two new subspecies. Report U. S. Fish Commission 1901, p. 241-267. Washington. 1908. Fauna of New England. 8. List of the fishes. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. vii, no. 8, p. 1-152. 1911. Notes upon two rare flatfishes (Gymnachirus fasciatus Gunther and G. nudus Kaup). Pro- ceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. 40, p. 201-203. Washington. Kendall, W. C., and Smith, H. M. 1895. Extension of the recorded range of certain marine and fresh-water fishes of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xiv, 1894, p. 15-21. Washington. Kingsley, J. S. 1897. On a new genus and two new species of macrurous Crustacea. Bulletin of the Essex Institute, vol. xxvii, p. 95-99, pi. hi. Salem, Mass. LefevrE, G. 1898. Budding in Perophora. Journal of Morphology, vol. xiv, no. 3, p. 367-424, pi. xxix-xxxii. Boston . Leidy, J. 1855. Contributions toward a knowledge of the marine invertebrate fauna of the coasts of Rhode Island and New Jersey. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. hi, 2d ser., p. 3-18, pi. x, xi. bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 788 Lewis, Margaret. 1899. Clymene producta sp. nov. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. xxvin, p. m-115, pi. 1, 2. Linton, E. 1889. Notes on entozoa of marine fishes of New England, with descriptions of several new species. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission 1886, p. 453-511, pi. i-vi. Washington. 1890. Notes on entozoa of marine fishes of New England, with descriptions of several new species. Part 11. Ibid., 1887, p. 719-899, pi. i-xv. 1891. Notes on entozoa of marine fishes, with descriptions of new species. Part III. — Acantho- cephala. Ibid., 1888, p. 523-542, pi. liii-lx. 1891a. On the anatomy of Thysanocephaluin crispum Linton, a parasite of the tiger shark. Ibid., 1888, p. 543-555. pl- LXI-LXVII. 1891b. On certain wart-like excrescences on the short minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus, due to psorosperms. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. ix, 1S89, p. 99-102, pl. xxxiv. 1897. Notes on larval cestode parasites of fishes. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xix, p. 787-824, pl. i-viii. Washington. 1897a. Notes on cestode parasites of fishes. Ibid., vol. xx, p. 423-456, pl. xxvii-xxxiv. 1898. Notes on trematode parasites of fishes. Ibid., vol. xx, p. 507-548, pl. XL-Liv. 1900. Fish parasites collected at Woods Hole in 1898. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xix, 1899, p. 267-304, pl. xxxiii-xmi. Washington. 1901. Parasites of fishes of the Woods Hole region. Ibid., vol. xix, 1899 p. 405-492, pl. i-xxxiv. 1905. Notes on cestode cysts, Taenia chamissonii, new species, from a porpoise. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xxvm, p. 819-822, pl. xxxv. Washington. 1907. A cestode parasite in the flesh of the butterfish. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxvi, 1906, p. m-132, pl. 1 and 11. Washington. 1907a. Notes on Calyptrobothrium, a cestode genus found in the torpedo. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xxxn, p. 275-284. Washington. 1910. On a new rhabdoccele commensal with Modiolus plicatulus. Journal of Experimental Zoology, vol. ix, no. 2, p. 371-384, pl. 1-4. LinvillE, H. R. 1903. Natural history of some tube-forming annelids. Mark Anniversary Volume, p. 225-235. New York. Mark, E. L. 1892. Polvchoerus caudatus, n. g. and sp. of turbellarians. ( Acsela , fam. Aphanostomidee). Fest- schrift z. Geburtstage R. Leuckarts, p. 298-309, pl. xxxi. Leipzig. Mayer, A. G. 1900. Descriptions of new and little-known medusae from the western Atlantic. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, vol. xxxvii, no. 1, p. 1-9, pl. 1-6. Cambridge. 1901. The variations of a newly arisen species of Medusa. Science Bulletin, Museum of the Brook- lyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 1-27, pl. 1, n. 1910. Medusae of the world. Publication No. 109 of the Carnegie Institution, vol. 1, 11, in; 735 p., pl. 1-76. Washington. Mayer, P. 1903. Die Caprellidse der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie, xxxiv, p. 1-160, pl. 1-10. Leiden. Mead, A. D. 1897. The early development of marine annelids. Journal of Morphology, vol. xm, no. 2, p. 227- 326, pl. x-xix. Boston. 1898. The breeding of animals at Woods Holl during the month of April, 1898. Science, n. s., vol. vii, no. 177, May 20, 1898, p. 702-704. New York. 1900. The natural history of the starfish. Bulletin of the U. S- Fish Commission, vol. xix, 1899, p. 203-224, pl. 23-26. Washington. Menscii, P. C. 1900. Stolonization in Autolytus varians. Journal of Morphology, vol. xvi, no. 2, p. 269-322, pl. xm, xiv. Jena. Metcalf, M. M. 1900. Notes on the morphology of the Tunicata. Zoologischer Jahrbiicher, bd. xm, heft 4. p. 495-602, pl. 34-40. Jena. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 789 Montgomery, T. H. 1897. Descriptions of new metamemerteans. Zoologischer Jahrbticher, Syst. Abth., bd. x, p. 1-14. Jena. Moore, Anne. 1900. Dinophilus gardineri (sp. nov.) Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. 1, p. 15-18. Moore, J- P. 1898. The leeches of the U. S. National Museum. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xxi, p. 543-563, pi. XL. Washington. 1903. Descriptions of two new species of Polychasta from Woods Hole, Mass. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for November, 1903, p. 720-726, pi. xl. 1903a. Some pelagic Polychasta new to the Woods Hole fauna. Ibid., 1903, p. 793-801, pi. lv. 1905. A new species of sea mouse (Aphrodita hastata) from eastern Massachusetts. Ibid., 1905, p. 294-298. 1905a. Some marine Oligochaeta of New England. Ibid., 1905, p. 373-399, pi. xxxii, xxxm. 1906. Descriptions of new species of Polychseta from the southeastern coast of Massachusetts. Ibid., 1906, p. 501-508, pi. xix. 1907. Descriptions of new spioniform annelids. Ibid., 1907, p. 195-207, pi. xv, xvi. 1907a. Description of a new species of annelid from Woods Hole. Ibid., 1907, p. 448-451. Morgan, T. H. 1891. The growth and metamorphosis of Tornaria. Journal of Morphology, vol. v, p. 407-458. Boston. 1891a. A contribution to the embryology and phylogeny of the pycnogonids. Studies from the Biological Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University, vol. v, no. 1, p. 1-76, pi. i-vm. Baltimore. Murbach, L- 1895. Preliminary note on the life history of Gonionemus. Journal of Morphology, vol. xi, p. 493-496. Boston. 1898. Hydroids from Woods Hole, Mass. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, vol. 42, p. 341-360, pi. 34. London. Nickerson, W. S. 1898. Preliminary notice of a new species of endoproct, Loxosoma davenporti, from the Massachu- setts coast. Science n. s., vol. vii, p. 220. New York. 1899. Notes on Loxosoma davenporti. Ibid., vol. ix, p. 368. 1901. On Loxosoma davenporti, sp. nov. Journal of Morphology, vol. xvii, p. 351-380. Boston. Nutting, C. C. 1900. American hydroids. Parti. — The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 1900, p. 1-285, pi- i-xxxiv. Washington. 1901., The hydroids of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xix, 1899, p. 325-386. Washington. 1904. American hydroids. Part II. — The Sertularidae. Special Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 1904, p. 1-325, pi. i-xli. Washington. Osburn, R. C. 1912. The Bryozoaof the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxx, 1910, p. 203-266, pi. xviii-xxxi. (Issued separately as Bureau of Fisheriesdoc. 760.) Washington. Parker, G. H. 1902 . The reactions of copepods to various stimuli and the bearing of this on daily depth migrations. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xxi, 1901, p. 103-123. Washington. 1902a. Notes on the dispersal of Sagartia luciae Verrill. American Naturalist, vol. xxxvi, no. 426, p. 491-4^3. New York. Patterson, J. T. 1912. Early development of Graffi 11a gemellipara — a supposed case of polyembryony. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. xxn, no. 3, p. 173-204, pi. 1- VI. 790 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Peck, J. I. 1894. On the food of the menhaden. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xm, 1893, p. 113-126, pi. i-viii. Washington. 1896. The sources of marine food. Ibid., vol. xv, 1895, p. 351-368, pi. 65-71. Perkins, H. F. 1902. The development of Gonionemamurbachii. Proceedingsof the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1902, p. 750-790, pi. xxi-xxxiv. Pilsbry, H. A. 1907. The barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. Bul- letin 60, U. S. National Museum, p. 1-122, pi. i-n. Washington. Pratt, H. S. 1900. Synopses of North American invertebrates. XII. — The trematodes. American Naturalist, vol. xxxiv, p. 645-662. New York. Rathbun, M. J. 1892. Catalogue of the crabs of the family Periceridse in the U. S. National Museum. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xv, p. 231-277, pi. xxviii-xe. Washington. 1893. Catalogue of crabs of the family Maiidae in the U. S. National Museum. Ibid., vol. xvi, p. 63-103, pi. Ill- VIII. 1905. Fauna of New England. 5. — List of the Crustacea. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, vn, p. 1-117. Rathbun, R. 1884. Natural history of useful aquatic animals. Part V. — Crustaceans, worms, radiates, and sponges. Y. — The Crustacea. The fisheries and fishery industries of the United States, sec. 1, pt. v, p. 763-830. U. S. Fish Commission, Washington. 1884a. Annotated list of the described species of parasitic copepods (Siphonostoma) from American waters contained in the U. S. National Museum. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. vii, p. 483-492. Washington. 1886. Descriptions of parasitic copepods belonging to the genera Pandarus and Chondracanthus. Ibid., vol. ix, p. 310-324, pi. v-xi. 1887. Descriptions of new species of parasitic copepods belonging to the genera Trebius, Perissopus, and Lemanthropus. Ibid., vol. x, p. 559-571, pi. xxix-xxxv. Richardson, H. 1901. Key to the isopods of the Atlantic coast of North America, with descriptions of new and little-known species. Proceedingsof the U. S. National Museum, vol. xxiii, p. 493-579. Washington. 1904. Contributions to the natural history of the isopods. Ibid., vol. xxvii, p. 1-89. 1905. Monograph of the isopods of North America. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, no. 54, 1905, p. 1-727 . Washington. Ryder, J. A. 1884. On a skin parasite of the cunner (Ctenolabrus adspersusj*. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Com- mission, vol. IV, 1884, p. 37-42. Washington. 1886. The development of the toadfish. American Naturalist, vol. 20, p. 77-80. New York. Sharp, B., and Fowler, H. W. 1904. The fishes of Nantucket. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. lvi, p. 504-512. Sharpe, R. W. 1910. Notes on the marine Copepoda and Cladocera of Woods Hole and adjacent regions, including a synopsis of the genera of the Harpacticoida. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. 38, p. 405-436. Washington. a Sherwood, G. H., and Edwards, V. N. 1901. Notes on migration, spawning, abundance, etc., of certain fishes in 1900. In: Biological Notes, No. 2, Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xxi, 1901, p. 27. Washington. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 791 Smith, F. 1895. Notes on species of North American Oligochaeta. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, IV, p. 289-292. Urbana. Smith, H. M. 1898. Fishes found in vicinity of Woods Hole. Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xvii, 1897 p. 85-111, pi. 3. Washington. 1898a. Fishes new to the fauna of southern New England recently collected at Woods Hole. Science, n. s., vol. viii, no. 199, Oct. 21, 1898, p. 543, 544. New York. 1899. Fish fauna of the Woods Hole region. Ibid., vol. x, no. 259, December 15, 1899, p. 878-881. 1899a. Notice of a filefish new to the fauna of the United States. Bulletin U. S. Bureau of Fish- eries, vol. xviii, 1898, p. 273-278, pi. 64, 2 text cuts. Washington. 1900. Additions to the fish fauna in 1899. In: Biological Notes, No. 1, Ibid., vol. xix, 1899 p. 3°9> 3IQ- 1901. Additions to the fish fauna in 1900. In: Biological Notes, No. 2, Ibid., vol. xxi, 1901, p. 31. 1901a. Notes on the subtropical fishes observed in 1900. In: Biological Notes, No. 2, ibid., vol. xxi, 1901, p. 32, 33. Smith, H. M., and Kendall, W. C. 1898. Notes on the extension of the recorded range of certain fishes of the United States coasts. Report U. S. Fish Commission, 1896, p. 169-176. Washington. Smith, S. I. 1879. The stalk-eyed crustaceans of the Atlantic coast of North America, north of Cape Cod. Trans- actions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. v, p. 27-138, pi. vm-xii. New Haven. 1879a. Occurrence of Chelura terebrans, a crustacean destructive to the timber of submarine struc- tures, on the coast of the United States. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. 11, p. 232-235. Washington. 1881. Preliminary notice of the Crustacea dredged, in 64 to 325 fathoms, off the south coast of New England, by the United States Fish Commission in 1880. Ibid., vol. in, p. 413-552. 1882. On the species of Pinnixa inhabiting the New England coast, with remarks on their early stages. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. iv, pt. 2 p. 247-253. New Haven. 1882a. Occasional occurrence of tropical and subtropical species of decapod Crustacea on the coast of New England. Ibid., vol. iv, pt. 2, p. 254-267. 1882b. On the amphipodous genera, Cerapus, Uniciola, and Lepidactylis, described by Thomas Say. Ibid., vol. iv, pt. 2, p. 268-284. 1884. Report on the decapod Crustacea of the Albatross dredgings off the east coast of the United States in 1883. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission 1882, p. 345-426, pi. i-x. Washington. Stimpson, W. 1851. Shells of New England. A revision of the synonomy of the testaceous mollusks of New England, with notes on their structure and on their geographical and bathymetric dis- tribution, 58 p., 2 pi. Boston. StorER, D. H. 1867. A history of the fishes of Massachusetts. Reprinted from the Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1867, 287 p., 39 pi. Cambridge and Boston. Sumner, F. B. 1908. The biological laboratory of the Bureau of Fisheries at Woods Hole, Mass.: Report of work for the season of 1907. American Naturalist, vol. xlii, no. 497, p. 317-340. New York. 1909. The biological laboratory of the Bureau of Fisheries at Woods Hole, Mass.: Report of the past year’s work, and announcement for the coming season. Science, n. s., vol. xxix, no. 756, June 25, 1909, p. 983-987. New York. 1909a. On the occurrence of the littoral barnacle, Chthamalus stellatus (Poli) at Woods Hole, Mass. Ibid., vol. xxx, p. 373-374- 1910. An intensive study of the fauna and flora of a restricted area of sea bottom. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxviii, 1908 (Proceedings of the Fourth International Fish- eries Congress), p. 1225-1263. (Issued separately as Bureau of Fisheries doc. no. 716). 792 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Thompson, M. T. 1899. The breeding of animals at Woods Holl during the month of September, 1898. Science, n. s., vol. ix, no. 225, Apr. 14, 1899, p. 581-583. New York. 1902. A new isopod parasitic on the hermit crab. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission for 1901, p. 53-56, pi. 9, 10. Washington. 1903. A rare thalassinid and its larva. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 31, no. 1, p. 1— 21, pi- 1-3. 1903a. The metamorphoses of the hermit crab. Ibid., vol. 31, no. 4, p. 147-209, pi. 4-10. Treadwell, A. L. 1901 . The cytogeny of Podarke obscura. Journal of Morphology, vol. xvn, p. 399-486, pi. xxxvi-xl. Boston. True, F. W. 1884. The useful aquatic reptiles and batrachians of the United States. The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, sec. 1, pt. 11, p. 137-162. U. S. Fish Commission, Wash- ington. 1889. Contributions to the natural history of the cetaceans, a review of the family Delphinidae. Bulletin No. 36, U. S. National Museum, p. 1-191, pi. i-xlvii. Washington. 1904. The whalebone whales of the western North Atlantic. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowl- edge, vol. 33, no. 1414, p. 1- vii, 1-332, pi. 1-50. Washington. Van Name, W. G. 1910. Compound ascidians of the coasts of New England and neighboring British Provinces. Pro- ceedings of Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 34, no. 11, p. 339-424, pi. 34-39. 1912.® Simple ascidians of the coasts of New Englaud and neighboring British Provinces. Pro- ceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 34, no. 13, p. 439-619, pi. 43-73. VERRiLL, A. E. 1871. Descriptions of some imperfectly known and new ascidians from New England. American Journal of Science and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 1, p. 54-58, 93-100, 211-212, 288-293, 443-446. New Haven. 1871a. On the distribution of marine animals on the southern coast of New England. Ibid., 3d ser., vol. 11, p. 357-362. 1872. Recent additions to the molluscan fauna of New England and the adjacent waters, with notes on other species. Ibid., 3d ser., vol. 111, p. 209-214, 281-290. 1874. Explorations of Casco Bay by the U. S. Fish Commission in 1873. Proceedings American Association for the Advancement of Science, Portland meeting, p. 340-395. Washington. 1875. Results of dredging expeditions on the New England coast in 1874. American Journal of Science and Arts, 3d ser., vol. ix, p. 412-415. New Haven. 1875a. Same title as the preceding. Ibid., vol. x, p. 36-43. 1875b. On the post-pliocene fossils of Sankaty Head, Nantucket Island. Ibid., 3d ser., vol. x, P- 364-375- 1878. Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the eastern coast of North America. Ibid., 3d ser., vol. xvi, 1878, p. 207-215. 1879. Notice of recent additions to the marine Invertebrata of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part I. Pro- ceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. 11, p. 165-205. Washington. 1880. Synopsis of the Cephalopoda of the northeast coast of America. American Journal of Science and Arts, 3d ser., vol. xix, p. 284-295; pi. xii-xvi. New Haven. 1880a. Rapid diffusion of Littorina littorea on the New England coast. Ibid., 3d ser., vol. xx, p. 251- 1880b. Occurrence of Ciona ocellata (Ascidia ocellata Agassiz) at Newport, R. I. Ibid., 3d ser., vol. xx, p. 251. 1880c. Notice of recent additions to the marine Invertebrata of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part IE — Mollusca, etc. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. in, p. 356-409. Washing- ton. 1881. The cephalopods of the northeast coast of North America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. v, p. 177-446, pi. xxvi-lvi. New Haven. a This paper appeared too late to be utilized in the preparation of the present report. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY, 79 3 Verrill, A. E. — Continued. 1882. Report of the cephalopods of the northeast coast of America. Report of the U. S. Fish Com- mission, 1879, p. 211-455, pi. 1— xl vi . Washington. 1882a. Notice of recent additions to the marine Invertebrata of the northeastern coast of America, etc. Part IV. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. v, p. 315-343. Washington. 1882b. New England Annelida. Part I. — Historical sketch, with annotated lists of the species hitherto recorded. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. iv, pt. 2, p. 285-324, pi. iii-xii. New Haven. 1882c. Catalogue of marine Mollusca added to the fauna of the New England region during the past 10 years. Ibid., vol. v, p. 447-587, pi. XLm-XLvni. i882d. Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the outer banks of the southern coast of New England (no. 7), and of some additions to the fauna of Vineyard Sound. American Journal of Science and Arts, 3d ser., vol. xxiv, p. 360-371. 1884. Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the outer banks off the southern coast of New England; and some additions to the fauna of Vineyard Sound. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission 1882, p. 641-669. Washington. 1884a. Second catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the fauna of the New England coast and adja- cent parts of the Atlantic, consisting mostly of deep-sea species, with notes on others pre- viously recorded. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. vi, p. 139-294, pi. xxvm-xxxn. New Haven. 1885. Notice of recent additions to the marine Invertebrata of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. vm, p. 424-448. Washington. 1885a. Third catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the fauna of the New England coast and adjacent parts of the Atlantic, consisting mostly of deep-sea species, with notes on others previously recorded. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. vi, p. 395-452, pi. lii-liv. New Haven. 1892. The marine nemerteans of New England and adjacent waters. Ibid., vol. vm, p. 382-456, pi. XXXIII-XXXIX. 1892a. Dinophilidie of New England. Ibid., vol. vm, p. 457-458. 1892b. Marine planarians of New England. Ibid., vol. vm, p. 459-520, pi. xl-xliv. 1895. Supplement to the marine nemerteans and planarians of New England. Ibid., vol. ix, p. 523-534- 1895a. Distribution of the echinoderms of northeastern America. American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 3, vol. xlix, p. 127-141, 199-212. New Haven. 1898. Descriptions of new American actinians, with critical notes on other species. Ibid., 4th ser., vol. vi, p. 493-498. Verrill, A. E., and Bush, K. J. 1898. Revision of the deep-water Mollusca of the Atlantic coast of North America, with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xx, p. 775-901, pi. lxxi-xcvii. Washington. Verrill, A. E., and Smith, S. I. 1873. Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and the adjacent waters. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission, 1871-72, p. 295-778, pi. i-xxxvm. Washington. Ward, H. B. 1892. On Nectonema agile Verrill. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, vol. xxiii, no. 3, p. 135-187, pi. 1- vm. Cambridge. Webster, H. E. 4 1878. Annelida Chaetopoda of the Virginian coast. Transactions of the Albany Institute, vol. ix (advance separate, p. 1-72, pi. i-xi). Albany. Wheeler, W. M. 1894. Synccelidium pellucidum, a new marine triclad. Journal of Morphology, vol.. ix, no. 2, p. 167-194. Bosion. 1894a. Planocera inquilina Wheeler, a polyclad inhabiting the branchial chamber of Sycotypus canaliculatus Gill. Ibid., vol. ix, p. 195-202. 1900. The free-swimming copepods of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commis- sion, vol. xix, 1899, p. 157-192. Washington. 794 BULLETIN of the bureau of FISHERIES. WlLHELMI, J. 1908. On the North American marine triclads. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Labo- ratory at Woods Hole, vol. xv, no. 1, p. 1-6. Williams, L. W. 1906. Notes on marine Copepoda of Rhode Island. American Naturalist, vol. xl, no. 477, p. 639- 660. New York. (The territory covered by Williams does not properly belong to the region considered in this report.) Wilson, C. B. 1902. North American parasitic copepods of the family Argulidae, with a bibliography of the group and a systematic review of all known species. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xxv, p. 635-742, pi. vin-xxvii. Washington. 1905. The fish parasites of the genus Argulus found in the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 1904, p. 117-131. Washington. 1905a. North American parasitic copepods belonging to the family Caligidae. Part 1. The Cali- ginae. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xxvm, p. 479-672, pi. v-xxix. Washington. 1905b. New species of parasitic copepods from the Massachusetts coast. Proceedings of the Bio- logical Society of Washington, vol. xviii, p. 127-131. 1907. North American parasitic copepods, belonging to the family Caligidae. Part 2. The Tre- binae and Euryphorinae. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xxxi, p. 669- 720, pi. xv-xx. Washington. 1907a. Additional notes on the development of the Argulidae, with description of a new species. Ibid., vol. xxxii, p. 411-424, pi. xxix-xxxii. 1907b. North American parasitic copepods, belonging to the family Caligidae. Parts 3 and 4. A revision of the Pandarinae and the Cecropinae. Ibid., vol. xxxm, p. 323-490, pi. xvii-xliii. 1911. North American parasitic copepods belonging to the family Ergasilidae. Ibid., vol. xxxix, p. 263-400, pi. 41-60. Wilson, E. B. 1878. Descriptions of two new genera of Pycnogonida. American Journal of Science and Arts, 3d ser., vol. xv, p. 200-203. 1878a. Synopsis of the Pycnogonida of New England. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. v, p. 1-26, pi. i-vii. 1880. Report on the Pycnogonida of New England and adjacent waters. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission, 1878, p. 463-506, pi. i-vii. 1892. The cell lineage of Nereis: A contribution to the cytogeny of the annelid body. Journal of Morphology, vol. vi, p. 361-480, pi. xm-xx. Wilson, H. V. 1891. Notes on the development of some sponges. Journal of Morphology, vol. v, p. 511-519. 1891a. The embryology of the sea bass (Serranus atrarius). Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission, vol. ix, 1889, p. 209-277, pi. lxxx viii— evil. Washington. Winkley, H. W. 1908. Anew Caecum. The Nautilus, vol. xxii, no. 6, p. 54. Boston. 1909. New England Pyramidellidae, with description of a new species. Ibid., vol. xxiii, no. 3, p. 39, 40. Section IV.— A CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE FLORA OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. jt By BRADLEY MOORE DAVIS. J* This list is based chiefly on the general field studies of the writer for some eight sum- mers, while in charge of the department of botany of the Marine Biological Laboratory, and the special botanical operations of the biological survey of the Bureau of Fisheries for the summers of 1903, 1904, 1905, and 1907. A six weeks’ sojourn at Woods Hole in April and May, 1907, extended materially the information relating to the spring algal flora and seasonal habits of a number of species. There are included also records and references of earlier collectors, W. G. Farlow, W. A. Setchell, W. J. V. Osterhout, C. P. Nott, and others, and the more recent observations of F. S. Collins and Miss Lillian J. MacRae. The records on the distribution of the algae are known personally to the writer except where specific statement is made on the authority of another. The regions covered by this list comprise: (x) The immediate waters of Woods Hole, (2) the deeper waters of Buzzards Bay, and (3) the deeper waters of Vineyard Sound from the westerly entrance to a line drawn between East Chop and Falmouth Heights. A few references to localities outside of the regions described above have been included for certain species of especial interest. The dredging stations are given in two groups : 1. Buzzards Bay, divided by a line drawn from the west end of Naushon (Robinsons Hole) to Round Hill Point into (a) an upper and ( b ) a lower portion. 2. Vineyard Sound, divided into three regions, (a) the westerly portion from the entrance at Gay Head to a line drawn from the west end of Naushon (Robinsons Hole) to Kopeecon Point (Cape Higgon), (6) the narrow portion from this line to one connecting Nobska Point and West Chop, (c) the easterly portion from the latter line to one drawn between Falmouth Heights and East Chop. In both groups the stations that skirt the coast are collected and introduced by the word “Inshore.” The inshore stations were dredged for the purpose of determining the conditions in relatively shallow water, from 1 to 5 fathoms in depth. The inshore stations are almost wholly those designated by the lower numbers 1-167, and were chiefly dredged by the Phalarope and Blue Wing (summers of 1904, 1905, and 1907). The stations in the deeper regions of Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound have the high numbers 7521-7602 (Vineyard Sound, summer of 1903), 7610-7675 (Buzzards Bay, summer of 1904), and 7676-7783 (Vineyard Sound, summer of 1905); they were dredged chiefly from the Fish Hawk. Numbers followed by the word “bis” 795 796 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. refer to stations, selected from those of the corresponding number in Vineyard Sound, that were redredged in the following summer (1904). A few numbers followed by the date (1907) refer to selected stations redredged in the summer of that year. In addition to the numbered stations plotted upon the maps there are records for several special trips of the author on the Genevieve of the Marine Biological Laboratory and the Blue Wing. These were (1) off Devils Bridge, Gay Head, August 17, 1903 ( Blue Wing), (2) Lobsterville Cove, Menemsha Bight, August 9, 1904 ( Blue Wing), (3) Menemsha Bight, July 17, 1905 ( Genevieve ), and (4) cove west of Cuttyhunk Neck, July 27, 1905 ( Gene- vieve). For detailed information on the situation of the stations, dates of dredgings, depths, character of the bottom, etc., the reader is referred to the “Description of dredging stations occupied during the present Survey,” section 1, p. 201-218. The strong tidal currents of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay carry large amounts of algal debris, which is widely distributed along the bottom, frequently in stations utterly foreign to the life habits of the species. The dredge very often brings up frag- ments of this algal drift, which can generally be recognized by their water-worn appear- ance and frayed ends. However, it is sometimes very difficult to be certain whether such fragments are algal drift or have been torn from their attachment by the dredge. We have endeavored to separate critically all clear evidence or probability of algal drift from the records of growth in situ. The former will appear at the ends of the lists of stations for certain species under the heading “Drifted fragments,” and these records must be understood to mean that the species does not, so far as we know, grow at that station. The species are arranged alphabetically in the genera, which are grouped in families following closely the classification presented in Engler and Prantl, “Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien.” The assembling into orders differs in important particulars from the arrangement in the above treatment. Four classes are recognized, the Cyanophy- ceae, Chlorophyceae, Phaeophycese, and Rhodophyceae. The list aims to include all specific references in literature and published sets of algae to the occurrence of the species within the limits of the survey. In this list, only the author’s name and date of publication appear, the full titles of the papers being given in the bibliography at the end of the catalogue. P. B.-A. stands for the Phvco- theca Boreali- Americana of Collins, Holden, and Setchell; A. A. B. Ex. for the Algae Americanae Boreales Exsiccatae of Farlow, Anderson, and Eaton; A. A. D. Ex. for the Algae Aquae Dulcis Exsiccatae of Wittrock and Nordstedt. The authorities for the specific names are, with few exceptions, those given in the Phycotheca Boreali- Americana and in “Preliminary Lists of New England Plants: V. Marine Algae” by Frank S. Coffins (Rhodora, vol. 11, p. 41-52, 1900). We are greatly indebted to Mr. Collins for a number of determinations and for his kindly criticism of the manuscript. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 797 Division THALLOPHYTA. Subdivision ALGAE. Class CYANOPHYCE^. Order COCCOGONALES. Family ChroococcacEzE. Chroococcus turgidus Nageli. Common, in salt marshes, on wet earth and rocks, mixed with Caloihrix, Lyngbya, Microcoleus, Vaucheria, etc. Woods Hole: Little Harbor, Penzance. Ouisset salt marshes. Hadley Harbor. Spring, summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Gloeocapsa crepidinum Thuret. Abundant, on woodwork and rocks at high-water mark. Woods Hole. At all seasons. Polycystis elabens Kiitzing. Common, in salt marshes, forming slimy masses on decaying algae and on Zostera, frequently mixed with Lyngbya, Microcoleus, etc. Woods Hole: Penzance. Ouisset. Hadley Har- bor. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 28 ( Polycystis elabens Kiitzing), Woods Hole. Family Cham^siphonacS^. Dermocarpa prasina (Reinsch) Bornet & Thuret. Common, on Polysiphonia fastigiata. Woods Hole, off Juniper Point. Spring, early summer. On Polysiphonia fastigiata, which in turn grows on Ascophyllum nodosum. Hyella ccespitosa Bornet & Flahault. Abundant wherever old shells are found in quiet waters. Woods Hole. Spring, summer, undoubtedly at all seasons. Boring into clam and other shells. Pleurocapsa fuliginosa Hauck. Common, on harbor walls and rocks near high- water mark, forming a dark stain. Woods Hole. At all seasons. Order HORMOGONALES. Suborder HOMOCYSTE#. Family Oscillatoriace^. SUBFAMILY VAGINARIE^E- Hydrocoleum glutinosum (Agardh) Gomont. Common, on Zostera. Woods Hole. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 35, 36 (Lyngbya nigrescens vox. major Farlow), Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. 1, no. 47 (Lyngbya nigrescens var. major Far- low), Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow). Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum Kiitzing. Occasional, on Ascophyllum nodosum. Harbor of Woods Hole. Summer. P. B.-A., fas. v, no. 204 (Hydrocoleum lyngbyace- um vox. A, Gomont), Woods Hole, August 14, 1894 (W. A. Setchell). Microcoleus chthonoplastes (Flora Danica) Thuret. Common, in salt marshes and brackish pools, mixed with Lyngbya and other algae. Woods Hole: Eel Pond, Penzance. Quisset. Hadley Harbor. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Farlow, 1881, p. 33, 34 (Microcoleus chthono- plastes Thuret), Woods Hole; Farlow, 1881, p. 33 (Oscillaria subtorulosa Brebisson), Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 227, Woods Hole, August, 1877 (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. iv, no. 153, Woods Hole, July 17, 1895 (W. J. V. Osterhout) . Microcoleus tenerrimus Crouan. Occasional, in salt marshes and brackish pools, mixed with Microcoleus chthonoplastes, Lyng- bya, and other algae. Woods Hole: Penzance, Eel Pond. Summer. Found by F. S. Collins, summer of 1904. 798 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. SUBFAMILY LYNGBYEAJ . Lyngbya oestuarii (Mertens) Liebman. Common, salt marshes and brackish pools, on stones and mud between tide marks, also on wharves. Woods Hole : Penzance , Eel Pond . Salt marshes of Ouisset and Hadley Harbor, Summer, undoubtedly throughout the year. Lyngbya confervoides Agardh. Occasional, in salt marshes and pools. Woods Hole: Penzance. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 35 ( Lyngbya luteo-fusca J. Agardh), Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. 1, no. 48 ( Lyngbya luteo-fusca J. Agardh), Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow). Lyngbya Lagerheimii (Mobius) Gomont. In brackish waters. Little Pond of Falmouth Heights. Known only from specimen in herbarium of the Marine Biological Laboratory collected by W. A. Setchell and W. J. V. Osterhout. Lyngbya majuscula (Dillwyn) Harvey. Occasional, attached to Zostera, and sometimes found floating in large quantities in sheltered situations. Woods Hole: Great Harbor. Vineyard Haven. Vineyard Sound east end of Naushon. Me- nemsha Bight. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 293, Woods Hole, Naushon, Edgartown; Farlow, 1875, p. 380, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 228, Vineyard Haven, September, 1883 (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. v, no. 202, Woods Hole, August 16, 1894 (W. A. Setchell). Suborder HE' Family NostocacE^E. Anabcena torulosa Lagerheim. Abundant, on decaying algae and Zostera, from whence it frequently rises and floats in quiet waters. Woods Hole: Zostera patches in Eel Pond, Little Harbor, Ram Island. Similar situations Quis- set Harbor, Hadley Harbor, Tarpaulin Cove. Summer. Farlow, 1876, p. 715 ( Sphcerozyga Carmichaelli Harvey), Woods Hole; Farlow, 1881, p. 30 {Sphcerozyga Carmichaelli Harvey), Woods Hole. Lyngbya semiplena (Agardh) J. Agardh. Common, in salt marshes, brackish pools and ditches, mixed with Microcoleus, Lyngbya, etc. Woods Hole: Ditches of Penzance. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Oscillatoria amphibia Agardh. Common, on woodwork of wharves, frequently mixed with Oscillatoria latevirens . Woods Hole. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Found by F. S. Collins, summer of 1904. Oscillatoria Icetevirens Crouan. Common, on woodwork of wharves, frequently mixed with Oscillatoria amphibia. Woods Hole. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Found by F. S. Collins, summer of 1904. Phormidium persicinum (Reirtke) Gomont. Rare, appearing during the winter in a jar of salt water (G. M. Gray). Woods Hole. P. B.-A., fas. xxix, no. 1401, Woods Hole, May, 1907 (B. M. Davis). Spirulina subsalsa Oersted. Common in salt marshes and brackish pools, mixed with Lyngbya, Microcoleus, etc. Woods Hole: Penzance. Quisset. Hadley Harbor. Summer, probably at all seasons. Farlow, 1881, p. 31 {Spirulina tenuissima Kiitz- ing), Woods Hole. Microchcete grisea Thuret. Common, on pebbles and shells with Isactis. Woods Hole: Eel Pond. West Falmouth (Col- lins). Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Collins, 1884, p. 130, old pecten shell, West Fal- mouth. Nodularia Harveyana (Thwaites) Thuret. Common, in brackish water mixed with Lyngbya, Microcoleus, etc. Woods Hole: Eel Pond. Summer. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 799 Family StigonemacE^E. Masligocoleus testarum Lagerheim. Common, wherever old shells are found in quiet waters. Woods Hole. Boring into clam and other shells. Spring, summer, undoubtedly at all seasons. P. B.-A., fas. v, no. 213, Quisset, July, 1893 and 1895 (W. A. Setchell). Family Scyton E m ace ;E . Plectonema calothrichoides Gomont. Common, on woodwork of wharves. Woods Hole: Eel Pond, wharves of Bureau of Fisheries. Spring. Family RivugariacE.E. Amphithrix violacea (Kiitzing), Bomet & Flahault. Common, on shells of Turritella. Woods Hole: Eel Pond. Summer. Found by F. S. Collins, summer of 1904. Brachytrichia Quoyi (Agardh) Bomet & Flahault. Common in its localities, attached to Fucus. Woods Plole: Quisset Harbor. Hadley Harbor. Hog Island Harbor (F. S. Collins). Summer. Farlow, 1876, p. 715 ( Rivularia nitida (Agardh?), Woods Hole; Farlow, 1881, p. 39 [Hormactis Quoyi (Agardh) Bornet, in litt.], Woods Hole, Falmouth; Collins, 1890, p. 175, Buzzards Bay shore of Woods Hole, Quisset, and Hog Island Harbors; A. A. B. Ex., fas. 1, no. 45 ( Hormaclis Farlowii Bornet), Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow); A. A. D. Ex., fas. 25.no. 1197, Quamquisset Harbor, August, 1891 (W. A. Setchell); P. B. -A., fas. 1, no. 8, Quamquisset Harbor, Fal- mouth, August 1, 1890 (W. A. Setchell). Probably introduced by ships that formerly brought guano to Woods Hole from islands in the Pacific. Calothrix mruginea (Kiitzing) Thuret. Common, on woodwork of wharves, frequently mixed with Oscillatoria. Woods Hole. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Found by F. S. Collins, summer of 1904. Calothrix confervicola (Dillwyn) Agardh. Common, on larger algae in quiet, shallow waters. Dredged by the Survey in Vineyard Haven, 3 to 4 fathoms. 16269 0 — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 Calothrix confervicola — Continued. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Eel Pond, Little Harbor. Vineyard Haven: at station 72 on Sphacelaria cirrhosa. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 293, Woods Hole; Farlow, 1881, p. 36, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 225, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. 1, no. 9, Woods Hole, July 12, 1892 (W. A. Setchell). Calothrix Crustacea Thuret. Common, on larger algae and rocks between tide marks. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Eel Pond, Little Harbor. Black Rock. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Farlow, 1881, p. 36, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. 1, no. 49, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow). Calothrix fusco-violacea Crouan. Common, on old Punctaria plantaginea, Zostera, and larger algae. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Early summer. Setchell, 1896, p. 87, Woods Hole, summer of 1896; P. B.-A., fas. v, no. 217, Woods Hole on Pxmctaria plantaginea (Roth) Greville (C. P. Nott). Calothrix parasitica (Chauvin) Thuret. Common, on N emalion multifidum, occasionally on Castagnea and other loose tissued algae. Woods Hole: Juniper Point, Grassy Ledge. Cut- tyhunk. Summer. A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 224, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. in, no. m, Woods Hole, July 29, 1895 (C. P. Nott). Calothrix pulvinata (Mertens) Agardh. Common, forming patches resembling honey- comb on wharves and stones. Woods Hole : Wharves and harbor walls. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Farlow, 1881, p. 37, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. 1, no. 50, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow). Calothrix scopulorum (Weber & Mohr) Agardh. Common, forming patches on rocks and piles near high-water mark. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge. Tarpaulin Cove. Piles of wharf at Gay Head. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Farlow, 1881, p. 37, Woods Hole. 17 8oo bulletin oe the bureau of fisheries. Isactis plana (Harvey) Thuret. Common, on Punctaria, Fucus, Ascophyllum, rocks and old shells. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge. Along Buzzards Bay shore. Cutty hunk (Setchell). Summer, probably at all seasons. A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 222, WToods Hole (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. iv, no. 156a, Cutty- hunk, August 3, 1894 (W. A. Setchell). Rivularia atra Roth. Common, on rocks, stones, and barnacles, be- tween tide marks. Woods Plole: Juniper Point, Grassy Ledge. Black Rock. Summer, probably at all seasons. Rivularia atra — Continued. Farlow, 1873, p. 293, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 221, Woods Hole in part (W. G. Farlow). Rivularia nitida Agardh. Common, on mud and roots of Spartina in salt marshes, between tide marks. Quisset Harbor. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Farlow, 1881, p. 38 ( Rivularia plicata Carmi- chael), Woods Hole; P. B.-A., fas. vi, no. 260b, Quamquisset Harbor, Falmouth, July and August, 1891 (W. A. Setchell). Rivularia polyotis (J. Agardh) Bomet & Flahault. Cohasset Narrows (Farlow). Farlow, 18S1, p. 38, 39 ( Rivularia hospita Thuret). Cohasset Narrows. Class CHLOROPHYCE^E. Order PROTOCOCCALES. Family PalmeeeaceaJ. Glceocystis zostericola (Farlow) Collins. Common, on Zostera, forming slimy patches mixed with other microscopic algae. Woods Hole: Eel Pond. Quisset Harbor (Setch- ell). Summer. Farlow, 1882, p. 67, 68 ( Gloeocapsa zostericola Farlow), Woods Hole, August, 1881; A.A.B. Ex., fas. v, no. 230, [Glceocystis chrysophthalma (Montagne) Farlow], Woods Hole (W. G. Far- low); P.B.-A., fas. v, no, 219, 1896 [Glceocystis chrysophthalma (Montagne) Farlow], Quisset, July, 1893 (W. A. Setchell). Order ULOTR1CHALES. Family Ulotrichace^E. Ulothrix flacca (Dillwyn) Thuret. Common, on woodwork of wharves, stones, Fucus , etc., above low water. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Grassy Ledge. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Ulothrix implexa Kiitzing. Occasional, on rocks, above low water. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge. Spring and early summer. Family UlvacE^. Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville. Abundant, in quiet water and pools, attached to stones, Zostera, larger algae, or floating in masses, frequently in brackish water. Dredged by the Survey, Vineyard Haven in 3 to 4 fathoms, over a shelly and muddy bottom. Woods Hole: Eel Pond, ditches of Penzance. Marshes of Quisset Harbor and Hadley Har- bor. Vineyard Haven, station 72, few. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 292, Woods Hole. P.B.-A., fas. d, no. exxviii, Eel Pond, Woods Hole, August 16, 1904 (F. S. Collins). Enteromorpha crinita (Roth) J. Agardh. Common, in pools and ditches of salt marshes. Woods Hole: Pools of Penzance. Summer. Enteromorpha erecta (Lyngbye) J. Agardh. Occasional. Woods Hole (Holden). Known only from specimens in the herbarium of the Marine Biological Laboratory, collected by Isaac Holden. Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Greville. Abundant, in quiet waters, attached to wood- work of wharves, stones, shells, etc., between tide marks. Dredged once by the Survey off Marthas Vineyard (station 61) in 5 fathoms, over a sandy bottom. Woods Hole: Eel Pond, Little Harbor, Grassy Ledge. Quisset Harbor. Hadley Harbor. Tarpaulin cove. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Marthas Vineyard, station 61, few. Summer, ndoubtedly at other seasons. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 801 Enteromorpha linza (Linnaeus) J. Agardh. Common, attached to stones and woodwork of wharves, near low-water mark and below. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Little Harbor. Black Rock. Summer. Enteromorpha minima Nageli. Common, attached to rocks near high-tide mark. Woods Hole: Stone harbor walls, Grassy Ledge. Summer. Enteromorpha percursa ("Agardh) J. Agardh. Common, in pools and ditches, floating in large masses frequently mixed with other species of Enteromorpha. Woods Hole: Eel Pond, brackish pools and ditches of Penzance. Summer. Enteromorpha plumosa Kxitzing. Common, in quiet waters, attached to Zostera. Woods Hole. Summer. Synonym: Enteromorpha Hopkirkii McCalla of Collins’ (1900) list. Enteromorpha prolifera (Flora Danica) J. Agardh. Common, in pools and ditches of salt marshes, in floating masses mixed with Cladophora, also on rocks. Dredged once by the Survey, Hog Island Harbor (station 135) in t° 5 fathoms, over sand and gravel. Woods Hole: Ditches of Penzance. Black Rock Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Hog Island Harbor, sta- tion 135, few. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Gay Head, stations 50 and 51, many on rocks. Summer. Ilea fulvescens (Agardh) J. Agardh. Occasional, on stones at low-water mark. Woods Hole: Little Harbor (Setchell). July 31, 1895. Known only from specimens in the herbarium of the Marine Biological Laboratory collected by W. A. Setchell. Monostroma crepidinum Farlow. Occasional, on piles of wharves between tide marks. Woods Hole: Government wharves Little Har- bor (Farlow). Head of Vineyard Haven (Setchell). August (Farlow), August 14, 1892 (Setchell). Farlow, 1881, p. 42, Government wharf, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. iv, no. 174, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. v, no. 220, head of Vineyard Haven, August 14, 1892 (W. A. Setchell). Monostroma Grevillei (Thuret) Wittrock. Abundant, on stones and larger alga; near low- water mark. Woods Hole: Little Harbor. Spring. Protoderma marinum Reinke. (Taxonomic posi- tion uncertain.) Very common, on pebbles, especially in quiet waters, forming a green coating. Woods Hole. Quisset. Tarpaulin Cove. At all seasons. Ulva Lactuca Linnaeus. Sea-lettuce. Common, attached to rocks, wharves, and alga;, above and below low water. Woods Hole. Buzzards Bay: Drifted fragments, stations 7645, 84, 161, 165. Vineyard Sound: Drifted fragments, stations 49, 60. At all seasons. Ulva Lactuca var. latissima (Linnaeus) De Can- dolle. Common, floating in quiet, shallow water. Woods Hole: Little Harbor, Eel Pond, ditches on Penzance. Summer. P. B.-A., fas. d, no. lxxvi, Eel Pond, Woods Hole, August 16, 1904 (F. S. Collins). Ulva Lactuca var. rigida (Agardh) Le Jobs. Common, on rocks exposed to the action of waves, above low- water mark. Woods Hole: Harbor walls, Grassy Ledge, Juni- per Point, Government wharves Little Har- bor. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Drifted fragments, stations 7629, 113- Vineyard Sound: Gay Head, stations 50 and 51, many. At all seasons. Family Ch43Topiiorace^J. Acrochcete repens Pringsheim. Common, epiphytic in base and middle regions of Chorda filum, among the paraphyses and sporangia. Woods Hole. Summer. Collins, 1906a, p. 124, Woods Hole, September 1, 1905; P. B.-A., fas. xxvi, no. 1279, Woods Hole, September 1, 1905 (F. S. Collins). Bulbocoleon piliferum Pringsheim. Common, on Leatkesia and Chordaria. Woods Hole. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 57, Woods Hole. 802 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Endodenna perforans Huber. Probably common, growing in the tissue of faded and dead leaves of Zostera. Mattapoisett (Collins). September, 1906 (Collins). P. B.-A., fas. xxxni, no. 1625, Mattapoisett, Sep- tember 9, 1906 (F. S. Collins). Endodenna viride (Reinke) Lagerheim. Occasional, growing in the cell wall of Seirospora Griffithsiana . Falmouth (Collins). September, 1883 (Collins). Collins, 1906a, p. 123, 124, Falmouth, September, 1883. Pilinia Reinschii (Wille) Collins. Common, on shells of Turritella. Woods Hole: Along Buzzards Bay (Collins). Pilinia Reinschii — Continued. Summer of 1905 (Collins). Synonym, Acroblaste Reinschii Wille of Collins’ (1900) list. Pringsheimia scutata Reinke. Occasional, on Zostera and larger algae. Waquoit Bay, Falmouth (Setchell). July 21, 1890 (Setchell). Specimen in herbarium of Marine Biological Laboratory, collected by W. A. Setchell. Tellamia contorta Batters. Common, forming a thin superficial coating on shells of living Littorina palliata. Woods Hole. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Found by F. S. Collins, summer of 1905. Order SIPHONOCLADIALES. Family CladophoracfzS. Chatomorpha area (Dillwyn) Kiitzing. Occasional, on rocks. Woods Hole: Off Juniper Point. Gay Head. Summer, probably at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 293, Gay Head. Chatomorpha Linum (Flora Danica) Kiitzing. Common, unattached, in wiry masses over muddy or sandy bottoms in shallow water. Dredged by the Survey in 5 fathoms, over mud. Woods Hole: Off Juniper Point. Nobska. Gay Head. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Cuttyhunk, station 100, few; Nashawena, station 79, fragment. Vineyard Sound : Inshore — Menemsha Bight July 17, 1905, haul 3, few. Summer, probably at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, P- 29 3 ( Chatomorpha sutoria Berkeley), Gay Head; Farlow, 1873, p. 293 (' Chatomorpha litoria Harvey), Gay Head; probably refers to Chatomorpha Linum. Chatomorpha melagonium (Weber & Mohr) Kiitz- ing. [Chart 228.] Common, on rocks and stones in fairly deep water off the exposed points of Gay Head and Cutty- hunk. Dredged by the Survey over sand, gravel, and stones in 4 to 9 fathoms. Fre- quently washed ashore at Gay Head and Cuttyhunk. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Cuttyhunk, stations 32, 33, and 34, few; Sow and Pigs 37, few; Gay Head 44, 45, 56, 57, 58, and 60, few; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, hauls 3 and 4, many; Marthas Vineyard 65 and 74, few. Drifted fragments, 7719, 7721. Summer, winter, undoubtedly all seasons. Chatomorpha melagonium — Continued. Farlow, 1873, p. 293 ( Chatomorpha Picquotiana Montagne), Gay Head; Farlow, 1881, p. 47 [Chatomorpha Picquotiana (Montagne) Kiitz- ing], Gay Head. Cladophora albida (Pludson) Kiitzing. Common, on rocks below low water. Woods Hole: Off Juniper Point. Summer. P. B.-A., fas. xxv, no. 1227, Juniper Point (But- lers Point), Woods Hole, August 14, 1904 (F. S. Collins). Cladophora albida var. refracta (Wyatt) Thuret. Common, on rocks, stones, and larger algae below low water. Woods Hole: Juniper Point, Buzzards Bay. Buzzards Bay: Drifted fragments, station 7668. Vineyard Sound: Gay Head, stations 50 and 51, many. Summer. Cladophora arcta (Dillwyn) Kiitzing. Abundant, on wharves and stonework below low water. Woods Hole: Wharves and harbor walls. Spring, summer. Cladophora expansa (Mertens) Kiitzing. Common, in brackish ditches and pools. Woods Hole: Salt marsh pools of Penzance. Summer. A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 210, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow). Cladophora flexuosa (Griffiths) Harvey. Common, attached to rocks below low water. Woods Hole. Summer. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Cladophora flexuosa — Continued . Farlow, 1873, p. 293, Woods Hole Government wharf; Farlow, 1881, p. 54, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 206, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow). Cladophora fracta (Flora Danica) Kiitzing. Rare, in brackish water. Woods Hole: Eel Pond Creek (Setchell). August, 1904 (Setchell). Farlow, 1873, p. 293, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 208, Falmouth, 1881 (W. G. Farlow); specimens in the herbarium of the Marine Biological Laboratory collected by W. A. Setchell. Cladophora glaucescens (Griffiths) Harvey. Common, attached to rocks and woodwork of wharves below low water. Woods Hole: Harbor wharves, Juniper Point; Government wharf Little Harbor, Gut of Canso. Summer. A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 205, Woods Hole, Au- gust, 1881 (W. G. Farlow). Cladophora gracilis (Griffiths) Kiitzing. Abundant, attached to wharves and stones be- low low-water mark, sometimes on Zostera. Dredged by the Survey over sand and gravel in 2 to 5X fathoms. Woods Hole: Harbor walls, basins of Bureau of Fisheries, Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point. Buzzards Bay : Inshore — Cuttyhunk, station 104, few; Nashawena 79, few; Uncatena 117, few. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Tarpaulin Cove, sta- tion 17, few on Zostera; Robinsons Hole 20 and 21, few; Pasque 24 and 25, few. Drifted frag- ments, 7543 bis and 7570. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 55, Woods Hole; A. A. B.Ex., fas. v, no, 209, Falmouth, 1881 (W. G. Farlow). Cladophora hirta Kiitzing. Occasional, on rocks below low water. Woods Hole : Juniper Point. Summer. Cladophora lanosa (Roth) Kiitzing. Occasional, attached to larger algae below low- water mark, floating in Vineyard Sound at- tached to Ascophyllum nodosum and goose bar- nacles ( Lepas ). Woods Hole: Steamboat wharf. Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point. At all seasons. 803 Cladophora lanosa var. uncialis (Flora Danica) Thuret. Common, on stones and rocks, above and below low- water mark. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge (Miss MacRae). Vineyard Sound. December, 1904, April and May, 1905 (Miss MacRae, Grassy Ledge). Summer (Vineyard Sound). Cladophora refracla (Roth) Areschoug. Abundant, attached to stones near low-water mark. Woods Hole. Summer. A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 207, Woods Hole, August, 1881 (W. G. Farlow). Cladophora Rudolphiana (Agardh) Harvey. Abundant, attached to stones and Zostera, below low- water mark. Woods Hole : Little Harbor. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 292, Woods Hole; Farlow, 1881, p. 54> 55> Woods Hole. Cladophora rupestris (Linnaeus) Kiitzing. Occasional, attached to rocks below low-water mark. Woods Hole: Nobska Point. Gay Head. Early summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 292, Gay Head, Vineyard Sound. Rhizoclonium Kerneri Stockmayer. Occasional. Woods Hole (Setchell). August, 1894. Known only from specimen in herbarium of the Marine Biological Laboratory collected by W. A. Setchell. Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey. Common, on sand and rocks between tide marks, woodwork of wharves. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Government wharf Little Harbor. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 49, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. v. no. 2x3, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow). Rhizoclonium tortuosum Kiitzing. Occasional, growing over other algae in quiet waters. Woods Hole. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 293 ( Chcetomorpha tortuosa Dillwyn), Woods Hole. 804 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Order SIPHONALES. Codiolum gregarium A. Braun. (Taxonomic posi- tion uncertain.) Common in its localities, attached to rocks and barnacles ( Balanus ). Woods Hole: Outermost rocks of Grassy Ledge. Summer. P. B.-A., fas. iv, no. 165, Woods Hole, July, 1895 (C. P. Nott). Family BryopsidacE^E. Bryopsis hypnoides Lamouroux. Occasional. Woods Hole: Entrance of Eel Pond. Wharves, New Bedford (G. M. Gray). Mattapoisett (Collins). Spring. Collins, 1906a, p. 124, Mattapoisett, May, 1905. P. B.-A., fas. xxvi, no. 1286, Mattapoisett, May 28, 1905 (F. S. Collins). Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) Agardh. Occasional, on stones and in sand, on woodwork of wharves. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, entrance of Eel Pond, Gut of Canso, Government wharves Lit- tle Harbor. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 292, Woods Hole. Family Derbesiace^E. Derbesia vauchericeformis (Harvey) J. Agardh. Rare. Woods Hole: Entrance to Eel Pond (Farlow), Edgartown (Jemegan). May, 1876 (Farlow), December, 1895 (Jernegan). Farlow, 1881, p. 60, Woods Hole. P. B.-A., fas. vii, no. 318, Edgartown, December, 1895 (M. W. Jemegan). Family Vaucheriace^. Vaucheria litorea Agardh. Common, over gravel near low- water mark. Woods Hole: Juniper Point. Summer. Farlow, 1876, p. 712 ( Vaucheria piloboloides Thuret), Woods Hole (?); Farlow, 1881, p. 105, Woods Hole. Vaucheria Thuretii Woronin. Common, on mud between tide marks or below. Dredged once by the Survey, in Cuttyhunk Harbor (station 104), 2% to 3 fathoms, over muddy sand. Woods Hole: Eel Pond. Salt marshes Ouissett and Penzance. Buzzards Bay: Cuttyhunk Harbor, station 104, many. Summer. Class PMOPHYCEiE. Order PHAEOSPORALES. Family Ectocarpaceaj. Ascoclyclus orbicularis (J. Agardh) Magnus. Occasional, on Zostera. Woods Hole: Little Harbor (Setchell). July 25, 1895 (Setchell). P.B.-A., fas. iv, no. 173, Little Harbor, Woods Hole, July 25, 1895 (W. A. Setchell). Ectocarpus cecidioides Rosenvinge. Abundant, on old Laminaria. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, entrance to Eel Pond. Spring. Ectocarpus confervoides (Roth) Le Jolis. Very common, attached to Scytosiphon, Chorda- ria, and other larger algae, Zostera , and to wood- work of wharves. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 6 fathoms at several scattered stations, over sandy and stony bottoms. Ectocarpus confervoides— Continued. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Eel Pond, Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Gull Island, station 116, many; Naushon 87, few. Drifted fragments, 105- Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7735, few on Rhodomela subfusca. Inshore — Marthas Vineyard stations 64 and 67, many on Zostera; 69, few on Zostera; 73 and 75, very many on Zostera. Drifted fragments, 7706 and 7710 on Chorda filum. Spring, summer, probably at all seasons. Ectocarpus elegans Thuret. Occasional, attached to larger algae. Edgartown, on muddy bottom attached to various algae, at 2 meters depth (Jemegan). December, 1896 (Jemegan). P.B.-A., fas. vii, no. 320, Edgartown, December, 1896 (M. W. Jemegan). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 805 Ectocar pus f ascicyilatus Harvey. Common, attached to Chordaria, Chorda, Lami- naria, and other larger algae. Dredged by the Survey, 5 to 8 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. In the summer off exposed points as at Gay Head and Sow and Pigs, probably common in the winter and spring at Woods Hole. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge (MacRae). Nobska (Far low). Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7656, many on Chorda filum. Vineyard Sound : Inshore — Sow and Pigs station 37, few; Gay Head stations 50 and 51, many on algae; also off Devils Bridge, August 17, 1903, haul 5, many on Laminaria. Spring 1904 (MacRae), summer, probably at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 286, Gay Head, Nobska. Ectocarpus granulosus (English Botany) Agardh. Occasional, attached to Sargassum and other algae. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge (MacRae). Summer, December 30, 1904 (MacRae). Ectocarpus granulosus var. tenuis Farlow. Occasional. Woods Hole. Gay Head (Farlow). Farlow, 1873, p. 286 ( Ectocarpus Durkeei Harvey), Gay Head; Farlow, 1876, p. 710 ( Ectocarpus Durkeei Harvey), Woods Hole; Farlow, 1881, p. 70, Woods Hole. Ectocarpus lutosus Harvey. Occasional, attached to Fucus. Woods Hole. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 72, Woods Hole. Ectocarpus Mitchellce Harvey. Occasional, on woodwork, goose barnacles ( Lepas ) and on Chorda. Floating in Vineyard Sound attached to timber and goose barnacles. Near Edgartown (Jeme- gan). Summer, November, 1896 (Jernegan). Farlow, 1876, p. 710; Farlow, 1879, p. 72, 73, Nantucket; Collins, 1891, p. 337, 338, near Edgartown (Jernegan); P. B.-A., fas. vn, no. 321, Edgartown , on Chorda attached to an old wreck, November, 1896 (Jernegan). Ectocarpus ovatus Kjellman. Occasional, on mussel shells ( Mytilus ). Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge (MacRae). Edgar- town (Colt). Ectocarpus ovatus — Continued. April 22, 1904 (MacRae); February, 1892 (Colt). Collins, 1896b, p. 459, Edgartown, February, 1892 (Colt). Ectocarpus penicillatus J. Agardh. Occasional, attached to larger algae, and Zostera. Woods Plole: Grassy Ledge (MacRae). Spring, 1904 (MacRae). Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Agardh. Very common, attached to Scytosiphon and other algae, Zostera, on stones, and woodwork of wharves. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 5 fathoms, occasionally in deeper water (7 to 13 fathoms), over sandy and stony bottoms. In the summer common in the lower portions of Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Cuttyhunk, station 100, very abundant; 101 and 102, few; 103, many; 104, very abundant; Pasque 82, few. Drifted fragments, 7637 and 7663. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7717 and 7728, few on Polysiphonia nigrescens. Narrow portion — 7525 bis, 1 on Sargassum. Inshore — - Robinsons Hole, station 21, few on algae, Quicks Hole 29, many on Zostera; Cuttyhunk 38, many on algae; Gay Head 50, 51, 44, and 45, few on algae; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, haul 3, few; 4, many on algae; Me- nemsha Bight, August 9, 1904, very many on Zostera; Marthas Vineyaird 63, few on stones. Spring, summer, probably at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 286 ( Ectocarpus viridis Harvey), Woods Hole; P. B.-A., fas. vn, no. 319a, Edgar- town, November, 1896 (M. W. Jernegan). Ectocarpus siliculosus var. hiemalis (Crouan) Kuckuck. Common, on stones, woodwork, and algae. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Edgartown (Jernegan). Summer, December (Jernegan). Farlow, 1881, p. 71 ( Ectocarpus confervoides var. hiemalis Kjellman), Woods Hole (?); P. B.-A., fas. vin, no. 372, Edgartown, December, 1896 (M. W. Jernegan). Ectocarpus tomentosus (Hudson) Lyngbye. Occasional, attached to Fucus and other algae. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge (MacRae). Summer, December 30, 1904 (MacRae). Pylaiella littoralis (Linnaeus) Kjellman. Occasional, attached to wharves and larger algae. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Eel Pond, Little Harbor. Gay Head. Spring; summer. 8o6 BUhhETlN OP THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. Sorocarpus uveeformis Pringsheim. Rare, on mussel shells ( Mytilus ). Woods Hole: Grassy hedge (MacRae). Marthas Vineyard (Colt). Spring, 1904 (MacRae). Collins, 1896b, p. 459, Marthas Vineyard, 1892 (Colt). Streblonema Chordarice (Farlow) De Toni. Common, endophytic in Mesogloia divaricata and Leaihesia difformis. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Grassy hedge, hittle Harbor. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 69, Woods Hole. Streblonema oligosporum Stromfelt. Occasional, endophytic in De$marestia viridis. Robinsons Hole (I. F. hewis). August, 1907. Collins, 1908, p. 134, Robinsons Hole, August, 1907. Streblonema parasiiicum (Sauvageau) De Toni. Occasional, endophytic in Cystoclonium purpu- rascens. Woods Hole: Grassy hedge (Collins). September 2, 1905 (Collins). Collins, 1906a, p. 125, Woods Hole. Family Sphacexariace.®. Cladostephus spongiosus (hightfoot) Agardh. Occasional, on stones in fairly deep water. Vineyard Sound, washed ashore at Nobska. Summer. Cladostephus verticillatus (hightfoot) Agardh . [Chart 229.] Common, on stones in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 13 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. Scattered through- out Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Off Nobska. Frequently washed ashore at Nobska, Gay Head, Cutty hunk. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — station 7717, many; 7598 and 7734, few. Narrow portion — 7744, few; 7753, large plant; 7525 bis, few. Easterly portion — 7760, 7771, 7779, one each. Inshore — Robinsons Hole 21, Marthas Vine- yard 62, one; 69 and 73, few. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 286, Gay Head, No Mans hand. Sphacelaria cirrhosa (Roth) Agardh. Common, attached to Fucus, Ascophyllum, Sar- gassum, occasionally Zostera, and stones. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 8 fathoms, over Sphacelaria cirrhosa — Continued . sandy and stony bottoms. At scattered sta- tions chiefly in the easterly portion of Vineyard Sound in and near Vineyard Haven. Woods Hole : Juniper Point, Grassy hedge. Wee- pecket Islands (Farlow). Black Rock. Vineyard Sound: Easterly portion — 7760 and 7772, many on Sargassum. Inshore — Marthas Vineyard station 76, few on stones; 73, few; 69, few on stones; 7761, many on Sargassum; Vineyard Haven 72, many on Zostera. Drifted fragments, 7749, 7751. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 286, Weepecket Islands. Sphacelaria radicans (Dillwyn) Agardh. Common, attached to stones, shells, and mud- covered rocks. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 5 fathoms, over sandy, stony, and muddy bottoms. At scattered stations chiefly in and near Vineyard Haven. Woods Hole: hittle Plarbor near Juniper Point. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Cuttyhunk, station 102, few on shells. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Marthas Vineyard, station 69, many; 73, few; Vineyard Haven 71, many; 72, few. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 76, Woods Hole. Family Encceuace^. Asperococcus echinatus (Mertens) Greville. Rare, attached to rocks, Ascophyllum and Fucus. Woods Hole: Grassy hedge. Spring, early summer, after which it goes out of season. Desmotrichum balticum Kiitzing. Common, on Zostera, occasionally on larger algae, and on rocks. Dredged by the Survey off Marthas Vineyard (station 67) on Zostera, in 4 fathoms, over sand. Woods Hole: Grassy hedge, hittle Harbor. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Marthas Vineyard, station 67, few on Zostera. Spring, summer. Usually in company with Desmotrichum undu- latum; much more delicate than the latter, being 1 to 3 cells broad. Desmotrichum undulatum (J. Agardh) Reinke. Common, on Zostera, occasionally on larger algse, and on rocks. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 6 fathoms, on Zostera, over sandy and stony bottoms. Woods Hole: Grassy hedge, Eel Pond, hittle Harbor. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 807 Desmoirichum undulatum — Continued. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Quicks Hole, sta- tion 29, many; Gay Head 50 and 51, few; Mar- thas Vineyard 64, few; 67, many; 69, few. Spring, summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 285 ( Punctaria tenuissima Gre- ville), Woods Hole. P hy lli tis fascia (Flora Danica) Kiitzing. Common, on rocks near low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey in Robinsons Hole at fathoms, over gravel. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point, Devils Foot Island, entrance to Eel Pond. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Robinsons Hole 22, few; Gay Head 50 and 51, on rocks near low- water mark. Winter, spring, early summer, after which it goes out of season. Pogotrichuni filiforme Reinke. Rare, on Zostera, in company with Desmotrichum, Giraudia, and various small species (Schuh). Woods Hole, October, 1899 (G. W. Gray). Oak Bluffs, January, 1895 (R. E. Schuh). Autumn, winter. Schuh, 1900b, p. 206, 207, Oak Bluffs (Cottage City), January, 1895. Punctaria latifolia Greville. Common, attached to Zostera and the larger algae. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Eel Pond, Little Harbor. Spring, summer. Punctaria plantaginea (Roth) Greville. Common, attached to rocks and larger algse. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor, off Juniper Point. Spring, summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 285, Woods Hcle; Farlow, 1881, p. 64, Woods Hole. Rhadinocladia Farlowii Schuh. Occasional, on Zostera and Chorda. Dredged by the Survey in Vineyard Haven in 4 fathoms on Zostera , over stony and muddy bottoms. Vineyard Haven station 69, many on Zostera; 70 (few on Zostera). Summer. Schuh, 1900a, p. in, 1 12 , growing on Chorda and washed ashore at Vineyard Haven, August 27, 1892; Schuh, 1901, p. 218, a more complete descripion of the genus than the reference above. Scytosiphon lomentarius (Lyngbye) J. Agardh. Common, rocks and stones near low-water mark. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor off Juniper Point, Devils Foot Island, Ram Island, Gut of Canso. Scytosiphon lomentarius — Continued. Vineyard Sound: Gay Head at stations 50 and 51, many. Winter, spring, early summer, after which it goes out of season except in favorable situations. Family StriariaceIaJ. S triaria attenuata Greville. Rare. Woods Hole: Washed ashore Little Harbor and Nobska Beach. Edgartown (King). Summer, January (King). Farlow, 1882, p. 64, 66, material found by J. D. King at Edgartown in January, supposed by Mr. King to have grown at the mouth of Edgar- town harbor. Family DssmarestiacB^. Arthrocladia mllosa (Hudson) Duby. [Chart 230.] Occasional, on stones and shells in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in 4 to 13 fath- oms, over sand and gravel bottoms. A scat- tered distribution in Buzzards Bay and Vine- yard Sound. Woods Hole: Washed ashore Little Harbor, Nobska Beach. Falmouth Heights (Collins). Robinsons Hole. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7653, few. In- shore— Cuttyhunk 100, 101, and 103, few; cove west of Cuttyhunk Neck July 27, 1905, great quantities, Hog Island Point 134, two. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — stations 7725, 7728 and 7729, few; 7734, many. Nar- row portion — 7732, few; 7733, many; 39, one. Easterly portion — 7755, one. Inshore — Cutty- hunk 38, few; Gay Head 56, many; Menemsha Bight 53 and 54, many; Marthas Vineyard 65 and 73, few. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 183, Falmouth Heights (F. S. Collins); Hervey, 1882, p. 126, 127, Menan- hant, East Falmouth; Peters, 1885, p. 62, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas, v, no. 194, Fal- mouth, August, 1883 (G. W. Perry); P. B.-A., fas., d, no. xxx, cove west of Cuttyhunk Neck, July 27, 1905 (B. M. Davis and Miss L. J. MacRae). Desmarestia aculeata (Linnaeus) Lamouroux. [Chart 231-] Common, off exposed shores on! stones and over sand. Dredged by the Survey in i)A to 14 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. Con- fined almost entirely to the lower portion of Buzzards Bay and the westerly portion of Vine- yard Sound. 8o8 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Desmarestia aculeata — Continued. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7653 and 7655, few. Lower portion — 7656, 7657, 7662 and 7671, few. Inshore — Sow and Pigs in, many; Cut- tyhunk 100, 102, and 103, few; cove west of Cuttyhunk Neck, July 27, 1905, many; Peni- kese 113, many; 114, few; Pasque 82, few; 83, many; Robinsons Hole 86, many. Drifted fragments, 7664, 7665, Si. Vineyard Sound : Westerly portion — 7718, many; 7719, 2 large plants; 7720, 2 large plants; 7730, few; 7701, 2 large plants; 7566, 7588, 7595, and 7596, few. Narrow portion — 7739, many. In- shore— Robinsons Plole 20, many; 21, 22, and 23, few; Pasque 24, many; 26, few; Quicks Hole 27 and 29, many; Nashawena 30, few; Cuttyhunk 33, 34, and 38, many; Gay Head 46, 47, 48, and 56, few; 37, many; 59 and 60, few; 7731, several large plants; Marthas Vine yard 65, few. Drifted fragments, 7583, 7707, 7738. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 285, Woods Hole. Desmarestia viridis (Flora Danica) Lamouroux. [Chart 232.] Common, on stones and algae below low- water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 15 fath- oms, over sandy and stony bottoms. In the lower portion of Buzzards Bay chiefly, but rather generally distributed throughout Vine- yard Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, entrance to Eel Pond. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7653, many; 7654, few. Lower portion — 7663, few. Inshore — Sow and Pigs hi, few; Cuttyhunk 100, many; 101 and 102, few; Nashawena 78 and 80, few; Pasque 82, few. Drifted fragments, 7610, 7611, 7651 (1907), 79. 81. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7720, one on Chondrus; 7723, one; 7728 and 7730, few on Polysiphonia nigrescens; 7677, 7678, 7706, and 7707, few; 7710, one on Phyllophora; 7734, few. Narrow portion — 7522 bis, one; 7524 bis, one; 7523 bis, many; 7343 bis, and 7549 bis, few. Inshore — Nonamesset 8, few: Naushon 6, few; 9, two; 10, 11, 12, 13, one each; Tarpaulin Cove 17, many; July 18, 1903, haul 2, one; Robinsons Hole 20, few; 22, many; 23, few; Pasque 24, one; Quicks Hole 27, few; Cuttyhunk 32 and 33, few; Gay Head 46, few; 57 and 58, many; 59, few; 7731, many; 7731 (1907) many; Menem- sha Bight, July 15, 1903, hauls 1, one; 2, many; 3, few. Drifted fragments 7698. Spring, summer. Family Dictyosiphonaceze. Dictyosiphon f ceniculaceus (Hudson) Greville. Occasional, on Chordaria, Scytosiphon and larger algae below low-water mark. Woods Hole: On piles steamboat wharf, Eel Pond, Little Harbor. Naushon (Farlow). Spring. Farlow, 1873, p. 285, Naushon; Farlow, 1881, p. 66, Woods Hole. Dictyosiphon hippuroides (Lyngbye) Areschoug. [Chart 233.] Common, on stones and in sand below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 10 fath- oms, over sandy and stony bottoms. Scattered distribution in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound . Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7656, many. Inshore — Cuttyhunk 101, few; Penikese 113 and 114, few; Gull Island ii5,few; Pasque 82, many; Quisset 129, few; Gunning Point 131, few. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7676, one; 7725, many; 7729, one; 7730, one. Easterlypor- tion — 7760, one. Inshore — Cuttyhunk38, few; Devils Bridge Gay Head, August 17, 1903, hauls 3, few; 4, many; Marthas Vineyard 74, 75 and 7761, few; Vineyard Haven 7762, few. Summer. To Dictyosiphon hippuroides we have referred the common species of the summer, which com- pares well with material and descriptions of this form. It is, however, a puzzling species which should be studied at other seasons of the year to make certain its affinities. It seems possible that this form may be a late seasonal condition of Dictyosiphon f ceniculaceus , very common in this region in the spring. Family MyriotrichiacezE. Myriotrichia filiformis Harvey. Common, on Scytosiphon and Sargassum. Woods Hole: Entrance to Eel Pond, Juniper Point. Summer. Family ElachistacE^E. Elachista fucicola (Velley) Fries. Abundant, attached to Fucus and Ascophyllum. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Drifted fragments, 7617. Vineyard Sound: Drifted fragments, 7323, 29. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 286, Woods Hole. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 809 Elachista stellaris var. Chorda Areschoug. Occasional, on Stilophora rhizodes. Falmouth (Collins). September (Collins). Collins, 1891, pp. 339, 340, on Stilophora rhizodes, Falmouth, in September. Giraudia sphacelarioides Derbes & Solier. Rare, on Zostera, intermingled with Punctaria, Ectocarpus, and various small species. Vineyard Haven (Schuh) and Oak Bluffs (Cot- tage City, Schuh). August, 1892, January, 1895. Schuh, 1906b, p. 206, Vineyard Haven, August, 1892, Oak Bluffs (Cottage City), January, 1893. Family ChordariacE^E. Castagnea virescens (Carmichael) Thuret. Occasional, on rocks, algae, and Zostera, below low-water mark. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Little Harbor. Washed ashore at Nobska. Spring, early summer. Farlow, 1876, p. 708, Woods Hole; Farlow, 1881, pp. 85, 86, Woods Hole. Castagnea Zostera (Mohr) Thuret. Common, attached to Zostera. Woods Flole: Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Late summer. Farlow, 1876, p. 708, Woods Hole; Farlow, 1881, p. 86, Woods Hole. Chordaria flagelliformis (Flora Danica) Agardh. Common, on stones, wharves, and larger algae below low-water mark. Dredged by the Sur- vey in 3 to 10 fathoms, over sandy, shelly, and gravelly bottoms. A scattered distribution in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Gut of Canso. Nobska. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7653 and 7654, few. Lower portion — 7656, many on stones; 7667, few on stones. Vineyard Sound: Narrow portion — 7524, one; 7525, few. Inshore — passage of Woods Hole 1 18, few on Chondrus; Quicks Hole 29, few; Gay Head 5oand 51, tnickpatcheson rocks; Marthas Vineyard 52, 61, 68, 76, and 7761, fewon stones. Drifted fragment, 60, one. Spring, summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 285, Nobska, Gay Head. Hecatonema maculans (Collins) Sauvageau. Occasional, on Zostera, Rhodymenia palmata. Woods Hole: (Collins). No Mans Land. Summer. May 2, 1905 (Collins). Leathesia difformis (Linnaeus) Areschoug. Abundant, attached to larger algae, Ascophyllum, Fucus, etc. Dredged by the Survey off Cutty- hunk and in Robinsons Hole, 2 to 5 fathoms over sandy and muddy bottoms. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — 100, few on Phyllophora. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Robinsons Hole 20, few on Chondrus', 29, few on stones. Drifted fragments, 7688, 83. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 286 ( LeathesiU tuberiformis S. F. Gray), Buzzards Bay; P. B.-A. fas. in, no. 130, Woods Hole, August 14, 1894 (W. A. Setchell). Mesogloia divaricata (Agardh) Kiitzing. Abundant in quiet water, attached to larger algae and stones below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 6 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Grassy Ledge, Little Flarbor. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — near Gunning Point, station 130, many. Vineyard Sound: Narrow portion — 7548, few. Inshore — Marthas Vineyard 73 , many. Drifted fragments, 7681, 7688, 161. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 286 ( Chordaria divaricata Agardh), Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas.v, no. 198, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow). Myriactis pulvinata Kiitzing, var. minor Farlow. Common, parasitic in the cryptostomata of Sar- ■ gassum Filipendula. Woods Hole: Entrance to Eel Pond, off Juniper Point. Summer. Farlow, 1881, pp. 81, 82, Woods Hole; P. B.-A., fas. v, no. 231, Woods Hole, August 13, 1895. Myrionema corunnce Sauvageau. Common, on Laminaria. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge (Collins). December 30, 1904 (Collins). Collins, 1906b, p. 138, Woods Hole, on Laminaria. Myrionema vulgar e Thuret. Common, on Zostera, Rhodymenia palmata. Woods Hole. Washed ashore at Gay Head. Spring, summer. Farlow, 1876, p. 709 ( Myrionema strangulans Greville), Woods Hole; Farlow, 1876, p. 709 ( Myrionema Leclancherii Harvey), Gay Head; P. B.-A., fas. vi, no. 280 [Myrionema Leclan- cherii (Chauvin) Harvey], on Rhodymenia pal- mata, Gay Head, August 10, 1890 (W. A. Setchell). 8io bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Family StieophoracEze. Stilophora rhizodes (Turner) J. Agardh. Occasional, attached to the base of Zostera below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 2 y2 to 5 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms at stations 130 and 13 1 off the east shore in the upper portion of Buzzards Bay. Washed ashore at Nobska, Waquoit (Farlow). Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Gunning Point, i3oand 13 1 many on dark-colored dead Zostera. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 285, Waquoit. Family RaeFsiacE^E- Ralfsia clavata (Carmichael) Farlow. Abundant, on stones and shells at low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 12 fath- oms, over sandy, shelly, and gravelly bottoms. Widely scattered at the inshore stations in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Eel Pond, Ram Island, Little Harbor. Buzzards Bay shore. Tarpaulin Cove. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7671, few. In- shore— Cuttyhunk 102 and 103, few; Gull Island 115 and 116, many; Weepeckets 108, few; Uncatena 117, few on shells; Penzance 123, few; Quisset 128, many; Gunning Point 131, many; West Falmouth 132, many; 137, one; Hog Island Point 134, many; Sconticut Neck 163, few; Mishaum Point 167, many. Vineyard Sound: Narrow portion — 7524 bis, one. Easterly portion — 7780, few. Inshore — Gay Head 56, few; 57, many; 58 and 59, few; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, many; Menemsha Bight July 17, 1905, haul 3, few; Marthas Vineyard 52, 61, 62, and 63, few; 65, many; 66 and 68, few; 69, 73, 74, 76 and 77, many. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 88, Woods Hole. Ralfsia -verrucosa (Areschoug) J. Agardh. Common, on stones near low-water mark. Woods Hole : Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Tar- paulin Cove. Summer. Family LaminariacEZE. A gar um Turned Postels & Ruprecht. Occasional. Washed ashore at Gay Head. Summer. Alaria esculenta ( Linnaeus) Greville. Occasionally washed ashore at Gay Head. Summer. Chorda filum (Linnseus) Stackhouse. [Chart 234.] Common, on stones and shells below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to ^fath- oms, over sandy bottoms. A scattered dis- tribution in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Grassy Ledge, en- trance to Eel Pond, Little Harbor off Juniper Point. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7656, one. In- shore— Cuttyhunk 100, 101, and 102, few; Gull Island 116, many; Naushon 91 and 96, few; Weepeckets 108, few; Gunning Point 13 1, few. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7571, 7567 and 7591, few. Narrow portion — 7542 bis, one; 7551, 7557 and 7559, few. Inshore — Robinsons Hole 21, many; 22, few; Quicks Hole 29, many; Gay Head 50 and 51, patches in shal- low water; 47 and 49, few; Menemsha Bight 53 and 54, few; Marthas Vineyard 73, few. Drifted fragments, 757 3, 7676, 7688, 7706, 7710, 773°. 773U 7733. 77S4- Summer. Chorda tomentosa Lyngbye. Common, on piles of wharves, stones, and shells below low- water mark. Woods Bole: Piles of steamboat wharf, entrance to Eel Pond, Grassy Ledge. Spring. Laminaria Agardhii Ivjellman. Kelp, devils apron. [Chart 235.] Common, on wharves, stones, and shells below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 17 fathoms, over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. Chiefly in the lower portion of Buz- zards Bay, but widely distributed through Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, entrance to Eel Pond, off Grassy Ledge in ship channel. Wharf at Gay Head. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion— 7653 and 7654, few. Lower portion— 7656 and 7657, many; 7660, one; 7662, two; 7663, few. Inshore — Cuttyhunk 101 and 104, few; Gull Island 115 and 116, few. Drifted fragments, 7617, 7619, 7637, 7638, 7672, (1907), 78, 79, 80, 82, 99. Vineyard Sound: .Westerly portion— 7581 (1907), one; 7582, 7583, 7584, 7588- 7589. 7592. 7593. 7595 and 7599, few; 7677, 7702, 7703, 7706, one each; 7718, verymany; 7719, one; 7728, few. Narrow portion — 7524 bis, one; 7525 bis, many; 7532 bis, 7533 bis, 7536, 7541, one each; 7557, few; 7732, one; 7739, few; 7740, few; 7749. few. Easterly portion— 7755, one; 7767, few; 7775, one; 7776, one. Inshore — Woods Hole BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 8l I Laminaria A gardhii — Continued . passage 121, many; Tarpaulin Cove July 18, 1903, haul 1 and 3, few; Robinsons Hole 22, few; Pasque 24, many; 26, few; Quicks Hole 28, one; Cuttyhunk 32, 33, and 34, few; 38, many; Gay Head 50 and 51, few, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 57, 59, and 60, few; 7731, one; alsooff Devils Bridge, August 17, 1903, haul 5, many; Menem- sha Bight July 17, 1905, hauls 1, 2, and 3, few; Marthas Vineyard 65, one; 7761, one. Drifted fragments, 7530, 7572, 7585, 7589, 7676, 7710, 7720, 7736, 7753, 7760, 7762, 7766, 7780. At all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 285 ( Laminaria saccharina Ra- mouroux), Gay Head, Woods Plole; P. B.-A., fas. D, no. lxxxii ( Laminaria Aghardii forma normalis Setchell), Woods Hole, May, 1905 (Miss B. J. MacRae). Laminaria A gardhii var. vittata Setchell. [Chart 236.] Common, attached to stones, wharves, etc., be- low low- water mark. Dredged in 2 to 17 fath- oms, over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. Bargely restricted to the lower portion of Buz- zards Bay and the westerly portion of Vine- yard Sound. Woods Hole: Great Harbor steamboat wharves. Buzzards Bay: Bower portion — 7664, one; 7665, two; 7666, 7667, and 7671, few; 7670, many. Inshore — Sow and Pigs in, many; Cuttyhunk 100, few; 112, many; cove west of Cuttyhunk Neck July 27, 1905, many. Drifted frag- ments, 7669. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7582, 1 on Phyllophora; 7583, few; 7679, 7680, 7681, one each; 7701, 7704, and 7706, few; 7707, one; 7719, one; 7720, few on Chondrus; 7723 and 7724, few. Narrow portion — 7551, few; 7549, one. Inshore — Robinsons Hole 21, many; Pasque Order CYCL' Family F ucaciLE. Ascophyllum nodosum (Binnaeus) Be Jolis. Rock- weed. Common, attached to rocks near low-water mark. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Grassy Hedge, Ram Island, Juniper Point, Bittle Harbor. Buz- zards Bay shore. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Drifted fragments, 7615, 7617, 7620, 7622, 7629, 7630, 7634, 7635, 7639, 7652, 7663, 7670, 7672, 78, 80, 82, 131, 146, 148, 151. Vineyard Sound: Drifted fragments, 7537, 7550 bis. 7551- 757°. 757$, 7599- 772°> 7759. U 26. At all seasons, fruiting during May. Laminaria A gardhii var. vittata — Continued. 24, many; 26, few; Quicks' Hole 27 many; Nashawena 30, few; Cuttyhunk 32, 33, 34, and 38, few; Sowand PigS36and 37, few; Gay Head 44, 45, and 47, few; 57, many; 59 and 60, few; 7731, many; Marthas Vineyard 65, many. Drifted fragments, 7554, 7686, 7688, 7709. Spring, summer, probably at all seasons. Laminaria digitata (Binnaeus) Ramouroux. Kelp, devil’s apron. [Chart 237.] Occasional, attached to stones and rocks off ex- posed points. Dredged by the Survey off Gay Head in 3 to 13 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. Wharf at Gay Head. Buzzards Bay: Drifted fragment, 7639. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7593, few; 7722, one. Inshore — Gay Head 44, 48, 50, and 51, few; alsooff Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, haul 5, many. Summer, probably at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 285, Gay Head; Farlow, 1881, p. 94, Gay Head; Setchell, 1900, p. 144 ( Lami- naria digitata forma typica Foslie), Gay Head. Family T 1 l o p T E R 1 d AC E ,E . Haplospora globosa Kjellman. Rare. Edgartown (King). January (King). Collins, 1899, p. 126, found at Edgartown by J. D. King. Scaphospora Kingii Farlow. Rare. Washed ashore Edgartown (King). January, 1882 (King). Farlow, 1882, p. 67, found at Edgartown, Janu- ary, 1882, by J. D. King. Fucus evanescens Agardh. Common, attached to rocks. Woods Hole : Harbor walls, entrance to Eel Pond, Red Hedge, Gut of Canso. Gay Head. Vineyard Sound: Drifted fragment, 7731. csprmg, early summer. Fucu* platycarpus Thuret. Occasional, attached to rocks. Woods Hole: Entrance to Eel Pond. Summer. Fucus vesiculosus Binnaeus. Rockweed. Abundant, on stones, harbor walls, and wharves. 8l2 BULLETIN OB THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Fucus vesiculosus — Continued. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Grassy Ledge, Ram Island, Devils Foot Island, Juniper Point, Lit- tle Harbor. Gay Head 50 and 51 (large form without bladders). Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Drifted fragments, 7629, 7636, 7651 (1907), 82. Vineyard Sound: Drifted fragments, 7523, 7525 bis, 7588, 7728, 7730, 7749, 29. At all seasons. Fucus vesiculosus var. laterifructus Greville. Common, on stones between tide marks. Woods Hole: Devils Foot Island. At all seasons. Fucus vesiculosus forma limicola Collins. Common, on muddy shores and flats near high- water mark. Woods Hole: Little Harbor, Devils Foot Island, Ram Island. Mattapoisett (Collins). Spring, summer. P. B.-A., fas. xxni, no. 1133, Mattapoisett, Sep- tember 14, 1902 (F. S. Collins). Fucus vesiculosus var. sphtzrocarpus Far low. Occasional, on flat rocks well above low-tide mark. Woods Hole. Gay Head at stations 50 and 51, on flat rocks. Black Rock. Spring, summer. Fucus vesiculosus var. spiralis Farlow. Occasional, above low-water mark, frequently unattached over muddy or grassy bottom. Woods Hole: Little Harbor. Spring, summer. Sargassum bacciferum (Turner) J. Agardh. Occasional, floating in Vineyard Sound. Summer. This plant is believed to come from the Gulf Stream, being carried into the waters of Vine- yard Sound after heavy storms. Sargassum Filipendula Agardh. [Chart 238.] Common, attached to rocks and stones below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 2J2 to 15 fathoms, over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. Common in the upper portion Sargassum Filipendula — Continued. of Buzzards Bay along the easterly shore, and widely distributed throughout the narrow and easterly portion of Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Entrance to Eel Pond, off Juniper Point. Hadley Harbor. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7630(1907), few*; 7632, one ; 7639 and 7654, few. Lower portion — 7657, few. Inshore — Gull Island 116, few; Un- catena 1 17, many; Penzance 123, many; Quisset 128 and 129, few; 130, many; Gunning Point 13 1, many on sulphur sponges; West Falmouth 132, one; Hog Island Point 134, many; Hog Island Harbor 135, few; North Falmouth 136, few; 137, many; 138, two; Nyes Neck 141, many; Cataumet Harbor 142, few; Scraggy Neck 145, few; Bassetts Island 146, few; Wings Neck 147 and 148, few. Drifted frag- ments, 7621 (1907), 7626, 7627, 7628, 7629, 7633, 7634, 7636, 7638, 7661, 150, 151, 152, 159, 165. Vineyard Sound: Narrow portion — 7525 bis and 7533 bis, few; 7537, one; 7554, 7555 and 7557, few; 7740, two; 7742, 7744, 7749, 7750, 7753, one each. Easterly portion — 7755, one; 7760, few; 7761 (1907), few; 7763, 7764, 7766, and 7767, few; 7772, 7775, 7776, 7778, one each; 7780, 7781 and 7783, few. Inshore — passage of Woods Hole 121, few; Nonamesset 1, one; 8, one; Menemsha Bight July 17, 1905, haul 1, one; Marthas Vineyard 73 and 77, few; Vine- yard Haven 7761, many; 7762, few. Drifted fragments, 7523, 7532, 7546, 7550 bis, 7581, 7599, 7701, 7728, 7729, 7730, 7733, 7751, 7759, 7782, 118. At all seasons, but most luxuriant in the summer when it fruits abundantly. Farlow, 1873, p. 283, 284, ( Sargassum vulgare Agardh), Woods Hole; Farlow, 1875, p.353 ( Sargassum vulgare), Woods Hole; P. B.-A., fas. d, no. xcvn, Juniper Point (Butlers Point), Woods Hole, August 15, 1904 (F. S. Collins). Sargassum Filipendula var. subedentatum J . Agardh Occasional, attached to stones below low- water mark. Woods Hole. , Summer. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 813 Class RHODOPHYCE^E. Order BANGIALES. Family BangiacM. Bangiafusco-purpurea (Dillwyn) Lyngbye. Common, attached to stones and woodwork of wharves between tide marks. Woods Hole: Harbor walls and wharves, Grassy ledge on rocks along ship channel, Little Har- bor on Government wharves, Juniper Point. Spring, summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 292, Woods Hole; P. B.-A., fas. ii, no. 87, Juniper Point (Butlers Point), Woods Hole, July, 1893 (W. A. Setchell). Erythrotrichia ceramicola (Lyngbye) Areschoug. Common, on Zostera in company with Chantran- sia virgatula, occasional on Desmarestia viridis. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Eel Pond, Little Harbor. Robinsons Hole (I. F. Lewis). Spring, summer. Erythrotrichia ceramicola — Continued. Farlow, 1876, p. 707, Buzzards Bay; Collins, 1908, p. 134; Robinsons Hole, August, 1907. Porphyra laciniata (Lightfoot) Agardh. Common, attached to stones and woodwork of wharves near low-water mark. Woods Hole: Entrance to Eel Pond, Bureau of Fisheries wharves, harbor walls, Grassy Ledge. At all seasons. Farlow, 1873, P- 292 ( Porphyra vulgaris Agardh), Woods Hole. Porphyra leucosticta Thuret. Common, on Zostera and larger algse. Woods Hole : Great Harbor, Little Harbor. Oak Bluffs (Cottage City, King). Spring. Collins, 1884, pp. 131, 132, Oak Bluffs (Cottage City, J. D. King). Order NEMALIONALES. Family Nemalionaceaj. Acrochcetium Dasyce Collins. Occasional, on Dasya elegans. Woods Hole (Collins). September 2, 190s (Collins). Collins, 1906c, p. 191, Woods Hole, September 2, 1905, on Dasya elegans. P. B.-A., fas. xxvii, no. 1342, Woods Hole, September 2, 1905 (F. S. Collins). Acrochcetium Daviesii (Dillwyn) Nageli. Occasional, on Desmarestia viridis. Robinsons Hole (I. F. Lewis). August, 1907. Collins, 1908, p. 134, Robinsons Hole, August, 1907. Synonym, Chantransia Daviesii (Dillwyn) Thu- ret, P. B.-A., fas. xvm, no. 880. Acrochcetium minimum Collins. Occasional, on Desmarestia viridis. Robinsons Hole (I. F. Lewis). August, 1907. Collins, 1908, p. 133, Robinsons Hole, August, 1907. Acrochcetium secundatum (Lyngbye) Nageli. Common, attached to Zostera, Ceramium rubrum, Porphyra laciniata, etc. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point. Summer, winter, probably at all seasons. Synonym, Chantransia secundata (Lyngbye) Thu- ret, P. B.-A., fas. xxii, no. 1088, not no. 236. Acrochcetium virgatulum (Harvey) Bomct Abundant, fringing Zostera, and occasionally on Ceramium rubrum. Woods Hole: Eel Pond, Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Summer, probably at other seasons. Synonym, Trentepohlia virgatula var. secundata (Farlow, 1881, p. 109). Chantransia efflorescens var. Thuretii Bomet. Occasional, attached to Ceramium rubrum and Cystoclonium purpurascens. Woods Hole: Off Juniper Point at a depth of from 1 to 3 meters (Nott). Gay Head (Farlow). Summer, July, 1895 (Nott). Farlow, 1876, p. 705 ( Chantransia Daviesii Thu- ret), Gay Head; Farlow, 1881, p. 109 ( Trente- pohlia Daviesii, Harvey), Gay Head, on Cysto- clonium purpurascens; Collins, 1896a, p. 5 ( Chantransia corymbifera Thuret), Woods Hole, on Ceramium rubrum and Cystoclonium pur- purascens (C. P. Nott); P. B.-A., fas. iv, no. 192 ( Chantransia corymbifera Thuret), Woods Hole, July 15 to 20, 1895 (C. P. Nott). Nemalion multifidum (Weber & Mohr) J. Agardh. Common, attached to rocks between tide marks. Woods Hole: Juniper Point, Grassy Ledge. Cuttyhunk. Penikese. Gay Head. Black Rock. Summer, probably at other seasons. 814 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES, Nemalion multifidum — Continued. P. B.-A., fas. iv, no. 193b, Juniper Point (But- lers Point), Woods Hole, July, 1895 (Mrs. R. A. Esten). Family ChlEtangiace-E. Scinaiafurcellata (Turner) Bivona. Occasional, attached to stones and shells below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey off Gay Head and Cuttyhunk in \ l/2 to 9 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. Woods Hole: Dredged in the Hole in previous years. Washed ashore at Nobska and Gay Head. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Cuttyhunk, station 103 , one; cove west of Cuttyhunk Neck July 27, 1905, few. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Robinsons Hole, sta- tion 21, many; Gay Head 57, few. Order CEI Family CeramiacE^E. Antithamnion americanum (Harvey) Farlow. Occasional, on wharves and larger algae. Woods Hole: Harbor wharves (MacRae). Washed ashore at Nobska. Spring, 1904 (MacRae). Summer. Antithamnion cmciatum (Agardh) Nageli. [Chart 239-J Common, attached to stones, larger algae, and Zostera, below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 13 fathoms, over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms, frequently at- tached Phyllophora, Chondrus, and Polyides. Generally distributed inshore along the Eliza- beth Islands and Marthas Vineyard, and in the easterly portion of Vineyard Sound. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7671, few. In- shore— Sow and Pigs in, many; Cuttyhunk 112, many; 100, 101 and 102, few; Penikese 1 13, many; Gull Island n6,few; Nashawena 78, 79, 80, and 81, few; Pasque 82, many; 84, few; Naushon 86, many; 87 and 90, few; 91, many; Weepeckets 108, few on shells: Nyes Neck 140, few on sulphur sponges. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7566, 7371, 7690, and 7720, few; 7724, many; 7730, few; 7734, few on Cladostepkus ; 7735, many. Nar- row portion — 7521 bis, 7522 bis, 7523 bis, 7533 bis, and 7541 bis, few; 7343 bis, many on Dio- patra tubes; 7354 bis, many; 7732,7744, and 7743, few. Easterly portion — 7757, few on shells; 7760, few; 7764, many; 7765 and 7766, few; 7768, many on Chondrus-. 7770, many on Scinaia f u rce llata — Cont i nued . Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 290, Gay Head; Farlow, 1875, p. 367, Gay Head; Farlow, 1876, p. 699, Gay Head; Farlow, 1881, p. 118, Devils Bridge off Gay Head on shells of Mytilus; P. B.-A., fas. iv, no. 194, floating off Cuttyhunk, August 13, 1895 (C. P. Nott). Family GelidiacE^E. Gelidium crinale (Turner) J. Agardh. Occasional, attached to rocks and stones near low-water mark. Woods Hole: Along the shore of Buzzards Bay. Black Rock. Summer. Farlow, 1876, p. 697 ( Gelidium corneum var. crinale), Woods Hole; Farlow, 1881, p. 158, Woods Hole. Antithamnion cruciatum — Continued. Phyllophora; 7771, few; 7772, many on Chond- rus; 7773, many; 7774, few; 777 3, many on Phyl- lophora; 7779 and 7780, few. Inshore — Great Ledge, Woods Hole 4, few; Nonamesset 1, many; 2 and 3, few; 8, many; Naushon 9, 10, 11, 12, 6and 7, few; 14, one; 16, many attached to Phyllophora; Tarpaulin Cove 17, many on Zostera; Robinsons Hole 22 and 23, many on Phyllophora; Pasque 25, many; Gay Head 56, few; Menemsha Bight July 17, 1903, haul 1, many; Marthas Vineyard 52, 61, and 62, few; 63 and 64, many; 65, few; 69, many; 70 and 73, few; 74, many; 77, few. Drifted frag- ments, 7751. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 292 ( Callithamnion cruciatum Agardh), Weepecket; Farlow, 1881, p. 122 {Callithamnion cruciatum Agardh), Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound. Antithamnion cruciatum var. radicans J. Agardh. Occasional, on piles of wharves. Woods Hole : Piles of Government wharf in Little Harbor (Setchell). July 17, 1890 (Setchell). Collins, 1899, p. 125, Woods Hole (W. A. Set- chellL Antithamnion plumula (Ellis) Thuret. Occasional, attached to stones, shells, and larger algae below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 9 fathoms (once in 12 L2 fathoms), over sandy and stony bottoms. A scattered distribution in the lower portion of Buzzards Bay and westerly portion of Vineyard Sound. BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 815 A ntithamnion plumula — Continued. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Cuttyhunk 103, few; Pasque 84, few attached to shells. , Drifted fragments, 7624. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7678, one. Inshore — Tarpaulin Cove 17, on Zostera; Gay Head 57 and 58, fewon larger algse; Menemsha Bight, July 17, 1905, hauls 1 and 2, few. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 292 ( Callithamnion Plumula Lyngbye), Devils Back Gay Head; Farlow, 1875, p. 376 ( Callithamnion Plumula Lyngbye) Gay Head; Farlow, 1876, p. 704 ( Callitham- nion Plumula Lyngbye), Gay Head; Farlow, 1881, p. 12 \ (Callithamnion Plumula Lyngbye), Gay Head; Farlow, 1882, p. 68 (Callithamnion Plumula Lyngbye), Gay Head, an antheridial plant collected in September. Anthithamnion Pylaiscei (Montagne) Kjellman. Rare, on wharves and algae below low-water mark. Woods Hole (Farlow). Farlow, 1881, p. 123 (Callithamnion Pylaiscei Mon- tagne), Woods Hole. Callithamnion Baileyi Harvey. Common, on rocks, stones, wharves, larger algae, and Zostera. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 13 fathoms, frequently attached to Desmarestia, Chondrus, Phyllophora, and Cystoclonium, over sandy and stony bottoms. A scattered distri- bution inshore along the Elizabeth Islands, Gay Head, and in the easterly portion of Vine- yard Sound. Woods Hole: Steamboat wharves, Grassy Ledge, Government wharves Little Harbor, Juniper Point. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7653, fewon Des- marestia. Lower portion — 7656, many on Des- marestia. Inshore — Pasque 82, many; 90 and 91, fewon Phyllophora', Weepeckets 108, fewon Phyllophora. Vineyard Sound: Narrow portion — 7523, few on Cystoclonium; 7547 bis, two; 7739 (1907), few. Easterly portion — 7768 and 7772, many on Phyl- lophora; 7778, one. Inshore — Nonamesset 1, few; Tarpaulin Cove 17, few; July 18, 1903, hauls 1, 3, and 4, few; Pasque 24 and 25, many on Phyllophora; 26, fewon Phyllophora; Quicks Hole 27, many on Desmarestia; Gay Head 50 and 5 1 , many on Chondrus. Drifted fragments, 7755- Summer. 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 18 Callithamnion Baileyi var. laxum Farlow. Common, with the typical form, on stones, larger algae, and Zostera. Woods Hole. Summer. Farlow, 1875, p. 376 (Callithamnion Dietzice Hooper), Woods Hole; Farlow, 1893, p. 107, 108, (Callithamnion Dietzice Hooper), Woods Hole. Callithamnion byssoideum Arnott. Common, attached to Zostera, and larger algae. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 6 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. A scattered distri- bution along the easterly shore of the upper portion of Buzzards Bay. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Weepecket (Farlow). Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Quisset 129 and 130, many on dark-colored dead Zostera; West Fal- mouth 133, one; North Falmouth 137, many. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 292, Woods Hole, Weepecket. Callithamnion corymbosum (English Botany) Agardh . Occasional, attached to Zostera, and larger algae. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 4 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms at three widely sepa- rated stations. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Gay Head and Weepecket (Farlow). Buzzards Bay: Wings Neck, station 150, fewon Agardhiella. Vineyard Sound : Inshore — Marthas Vineyard 69, few; Vineyard Haven 70, fewon Zostera, and larger algae. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 292, Woods Hole, Gay Head, Weepecket; Farlow, 1881, pp. 128, 129, Woods Hole. Callithamnion roseum (Roth) Harvey. Common, on stones, shells, Zostera, and larger algse. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 13 fath- oms, frequently attached to Zostera, Phyllo- phora, Chondrus, and Sargassum, over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. A scattered dis- tribution inshore along the Elizabeth Islands and Marthas Vineyard, abundant in the east- erly portion of Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, dredged in the Hole in previous years. Black Rock. Washed ashore at Nobska, Cuttyhunk, and other points. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Cuttyhunk 101, 102, and 103, few; Gull Island 1 16, few; Pasque 83, few; Naushon 87, few; Weepeckets 108, few; Scraggy Neck 145, few. 8i6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Callithamnion roseum — Continued. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7725, few. Narrow portion — 7521 bis, few on stones; 7744, few on Phyllophora; 7754, few. Easterly por- tion—7756, few; 7759, few; 7764, many; 7766, few; 7767, abundant on Chondrus and Sar- gassum; 7768, few; 7769, many on Chondrus and Phyllophora; 7770, many on Phyllophora; 7771, many unattached; 7772, many; 7773, few; 7774, many on Phyllophora ; 7775, many; 7776, many on mussel shells; 7778, few; 7779, few; 7780, few; 7781, few; 7782, few. Inshore — Naushon 16, many* Gay Head 57, few on stones and rocks; Menemsha Bight, July 17, 1905, haul 2, few; Marthas Vineyard 61, few; 63, very many*; 65, few; 69, many on larger algse and Zostera; 76, few on larger algas; 7761, many. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 125, 126, Woods Hole. Callithamnion tetragonum (Withering) Agardh. Occasional, on stones and algse near low- water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 5 to 13^ fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms, at three stations in the easterly portion of Vine- yard Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge. Robinsons Hole. Vineyard Sound: Easterly portion — 7764, many; 7765 and 7766, few. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 291, Woods Hole, Marthas Vine- yard. Ceramium hotryocarpum Griffiths. Occasional. Penikese (Esten), probably along the shores of the Elizabeth Islands. July 25, 1896. Known from specimen in the herbarium of the Marine Biological Laboratory collected by Mrs. R. A. Esten. Ceramium capri-cornu (Reinsch) Farlow. Rare. Cuttyhunk. Summer. Ceramium fastigiatum Harvey. Common, on Zostera, and larger algae. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 7 fathoms, attached to Zostera, Phyllophora, etc., occasionally on stones, over sandy and stony bottoms. A widely scattered distribution at inshore stations in both Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge. Weepecket (Far- low). Black Rock. Ceramium fastigiatum — Continued. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Naushon 87, one; 90, few on Phyllophora; Quisset 130, many; Gunning Point 13 1, many; North Falmouth 136 and 137, many on Zostera; 138, few; 139, one; Nyes Neck 141, many. Drifted fragments, 7615, 7626. Vineyard Sound: Narrow portion — 7542, one, 7548, few. Inshore — Tarpaulin Cove July 18, 1903, haul 1, few; Robinsons Hole 20, many on stones; Cuttyhunk 33, 34, and 38, few; Gay Head 44, few on rocks and stones. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 291, Woods Hole, Weepecket. Ceramium pedicellatum J. Agardh. Occasional . No Mans Land, probably along the shores of the Elizabeth Islands. Summer, July 20, 1904. Ceramium ruhrum (Hudson) Agardh. [Chart 240.] Very common, on stones, woodwork of wharves, Zostera, and larger algae. Dredged by the Sur- vey in 1 to 19 fathoms, attached to stones, Zos- tera, and larger algae such as Chorda, Chondrus, and Phyllophora, over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. Distribution very general through- out Vineyard Sound and scattered in the lower portion of Buzzards Bay. Woods Hole: Great Harbor, Grassy Ledge, entrance to Eel Pond, Little Harbor. Black Rock. Alongshore, Penikese, Cuttyhunk, Gay Head, Tarpaulin Cove. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7656, many on Chorda; 7665 and 7670, few on stones. In- shore— Cuttyhunk 100 and 104, few on Phyllo- phora; Nashawena 79, few; Pasque 82, few. Drifted fragments 86. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7571, few on Chorda; 7575, few; 7576, few on Champia; 7583. 7589, 7593, 7676, and 7680, few; 7701, one; 7704, one; 7710, 7717, and 7719, few; 7721, many on Chondrus; 7722, many; 7734, few. Narrow portion — 7524, 7525, 7538, and 7541 bis, few; 7542 bis, many on Chorda; 7548, few; 7551, many on Chorda; 7551 (1907), few; 7554, few; 7557, many on Chorda; 7559, 7560, 7565 bis, 7732> 7733> and 7739. few; 7746, one, 7749, one. Easterly portion — 7755, many; 7761 (1907), many. Inshore— passage of Woods Hole 118, few); Great Ledge Woods Hole 4, 1 on stone; Tarpaulin Cove July 18, 1903, hauls 1 and 3, few; haul 4, few; Robinsons Hole 20, few; 21 and 22, many; Sow and Pigs 37, few, Gay Head 50 and 51, many on Chondrus; 44, 4.5, 46, BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 8i7 Ceramium rubrum — Continued. 47 and 48, few on Chondrus and larger algae; 57, many; 59, few; 7731, many on larger algae; 7731 (1907), few; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, hauls 3 and 4, many on larger algae; Menemsha Bight, July 17, 1905, haul 2, few; Marthas Vineyard 55, few on algae; 64 few on stones; 73, few on algae. Drifted fragments, 7537, 7546, 7588, 7547 bis, 7678, 7682, 7699, 7706, 7751, 7754. At all seasons. Ceraminm strictum (Kiitzing) Harvey. Common, on Zostera, larger algae, and sometimes on stones. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 15L2 fathoms, over sandy, shelly, and stony bot- toms. A scattered distribution, chiefly in the easterly portion of Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor, off Juniper Point, frequently washed ashore in Little Harbor. Black Rock. Vineyard Sound: Narrow portion — 7746, one. Easterly portion — 7763, one; 7764, few. In- shore— Robinsons Hole 20, few on stones; Marthas Vineyard 61, many on Zostera; Vine- yard Haven 70, few on stones. Drifted frag- ments, 49. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 291 {Ceramium diaphanum Roth), Woods Hole, Weepecket; this reference is probably to Ceramium strictum; Farlow, 1S81, p. 136, Little Harbor Woods Hole. Ceramium tenuissimum (Lyngbye) J. Agardh. Common, on Zostera, larger algae, and occasion- ally on stones. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 15 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. Common at inshore stations along Marthas Vineyard, but distribution scattered along the Elizabeth Islands and easterly shore of Buz- zards Bay. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor, off Juniper Point. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion— 7652, few on Zos- tera. Inshore — Hog Island Point 134, few; Bassetts Island 146, many; Wings Neck 147, few. Drifted fragments, 138, 141. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7724,7725, and 7726, many; 7730, few. Narrow portion — 7530 bis and 7541 bis, few; 7542 bis, many on Chorda; 7554 bis, many; 7559 and 7565 bis, few. Easterly portion — 7777, many on Zostera; 7781, few; 7783, many. Inshore — Sow and Pigs 35, few; Menemsha Bight 53 and 54, few on algae; Marthas Vineyard 61 and 62, few; 67, many on Ceramium tenuissimum — Continued . Zostera; 69, 73, 74, 75, and 76, many on Zostera and larger algae; 77, few; Vineyard Haven 70, few on Zostera. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 291 [Ceramium arachnoideum (?) Agardh], Woods Hole. Griffithsia Bornetiana Farlow. [Chart 241.] Common, on larger algae below low- water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 15 fathoms (most plentiful between 3 and 6 fathoms), frequently attached to Phyllophora and Chondrus, over sandy and stony bottoms. Distribution scat- tered inshore along the east side of Buzzards Bay and in the easterly portion of Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Juniper Point. Nobska. Tarpau- lin Cove. Weepecket Islands (Farlow). Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Gull Island 116, many on Phyllophora', Naushon 87, few; Uncatena 1 17, many on Phyllophora; Weepeckets 108, many on Phyllophora', Penzance 123, many, and 124, few, on Phyllophora and Chondrus; Quisset 128, many on Phyllophora; 129 and 130, many; Gunning Point 131, many; Hog Island Point 134, many; Hog Island Harbor 135, few; North Falmouth 137, few; Nyes Neck i4i,many; Cataumet Harbor 142, many. Drifted fragments, 7626, 7627, 126, 127, 138. Vineyard Sound: Narrow portion — 7533 bis, few on stones; 7749, one; 7754, one. Easterly por- tion— 7755, few; 7778, one; 7782, one. In- shore— passage of Woods Hole 122, few; Non- amesset 8, one; Marthas Vineyard 52, few; 7761, one. Drifted fragments, 7537. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 291 {Griffithsia corallina Agardh), Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, Weepecket Is- lands; A. A. B. Ex., fas. n, no. 88, Woods Hole in part (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. vi, no. 295, Little Harbor Woods Hole, July 20, 1893 (W. A. Setchell). Griffithsia tenuis Agardh. [Chart 242.] Common, on stones and over sand in sheltered waters. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 4 fath- oms, loosely attached over sandy and muddy bottoms. Distribution restricted to the ex- treme upper portion of Buzzards Bay. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7632, 1 on stone. Inshore — Wings Neck 150, many loosely at- tached on sandy bottom; Tobys Island 152, few; Monument Beach 153, few. Summer. 8i8 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Pleonosporium Borreri (English Botany) Nageli. Common, on wharves and larger algae below low- water mark. Dredged by the Survey in i to 6l/Z fathoms, over sandy, stony, and muddy bottoms. A scattered distribution, chiefly in the lower portion of Buzzards Bay and west- erly portion of Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Great Harbor (occasional). Buzzards Bay: Lower portion, 7675, few. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Naushon 7, one; Pasque 24 and 25, many on Phyllophora; 26, few on Phyllophora; Cuttyhunk 33, many on Phyllophora; 38, few; Gay Head 50 and 51 few, at base of larger algse. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 291 ( Callithamnion Borreri Agardh), Woods Hole; Farlow, 1881, p. 124, 125 ( Callithamnion Borreri Agardh), Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 193 ( Callitham- nion Borreri Agardh), Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow). Plumaria elegans (Bonnemaison) Schmitz. [Chart 243-] Common, on rocks and algae below low- water mark off exposed points and reefs. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 17 fathoms, frequently attached to Chondrus and Phyllophora, over sandy and stony bottoms. Distribution re- stricted to the vicinity of Gay Head and Sow and Pigs. Off reefs of Devils Bridge, Gay Head and Sow and Pigs. Attached to large rocks at and be- low low-water mark on west side of Penikese. Between Gay Head and No Mans Land (Far- low). Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7584, few; 7719, few on old Phyllophora; 7720, many; 7728, few. Inshore — Sow and Pigs 36, few, and 37, many, on Chondrus and Phyllophora; Gay Head 44, few; 57, 58, and 59, many. on Chondrus and Phyllophora; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, hauls 3 and 4, manyon rocks and larger algae, such as Chondrus and Phyllophora. Summer, probably at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 282, 291 ( Ptiloia elegans Bonne- maison), between Gay Head and No Mans Land; Farlow, 1881, p. 133 ( Ptiloia elegans Bonnemaison), Gay Head. Rhodochorton memhranaceum Magnus. Occasional, on Bryozoa, sertularian hydroids, and shells. Dredged by the Survey at station 65 in 3>2 to 6 fathoms, over gravel. Vineyard Sound : Inshore — Marthas Vineyard 65 (many on Crisia ehurnea). Summer. Rhodochorton Rothii (English Botany) Nageli. Occasional, attached to rocks between tide marks. Woods Hole: Juniper Point. Summer. Seirospora Griffithsiana Harvey. Common, on stones, shells, Zostera, and larger algae below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 10X fathoms, over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. A scattered distribution in both Bay and Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge. Frequently washed ashore in abundance at exposed points. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7660, few on stones. Inshore — Cuttyhunk 104, few; Gull Island 1 16, few; Pasque 84, one; Naushon 90, one; Quisset 130, few. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7728, many; 7729, few. Inshore — passage of Woods Hole 122, one; Nonamesset 2, one; 8, few on larger algae; Tarpaulin Cove July 18, 1903, haul 1, many on Zostera; Gay Head 49, few on larger algae; Menemsha Bight July 17, 1905, hauls 1, 2 and 3, few; Marthas Vineyard 52, manyon larger algae. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 292 ( Callithamnion seirosper - mum Griffiths), Menemsha, Gay Head; Farlow, 1882, p. 68 ( Callithamnion versicolor), Woods Hole; P. B.-A.,fas. vm, no. 391, Edgartown, July 31, 1897 (M. W. Jernegan). Spermothamnion Turneri (Mertens) Areschoug. [Chart 244.] Common, on larger algae. Dredged by the Sur- vey in 1 to 17 fathoms, frequently attached to Chondrus, Phyllophora, Polyides, and Sargas- sum, over sandy, shelly, stony, and muddy bottoms. Widely distributed in Vineyard Sound and inshore along the Elizabeth Islands in Buzzards Bay. Woods Hole: Frequently washed ashore at Nobska and in Little Harbor. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Cuttyhunk 100, many on Chondrus; 102, few on Chondrus; 112, many; Penikese 113, many; Gull Island 116, many; 115, few; Pasque 82, few; Naushon 90, few, and 96, many, on Phyllophora. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7585, 7588, 7389 and 7598, few; 7717 and 7719, few on Phyl- lophora. Narrow portion — 7321 bis, few, and 7525 bis, many, on Phyllophora; 7524, 7526 (1907), few; 7530 bis, few, and 7533 bis, many, on Phyllophora; 7537, 7342, 7348, 7551, 7553, and 7560, few; 7562, few on Chondrus; 7739, few on Phyllophora and Chondrus; 7741, few; 7749, many on Phyllophora and Sargassum; BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OE WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 819 Spermothamnion T urneri — Continued . 7751, few on Polyides; 7752 and 7754, few on Phyllophora. Easterly portion — 7755, on base of Sargassum; 7759, 7760, and 7763, few; 7764, many; 7770, 7772 and 7775, many on Phyllo- phora; 7771, many unattached; 7774 and 7777, few, 7779, few on Chondrus; 7780, 7781, and 7782, few. Inshore — Robinsons Hole 20, many; Quicks Hole 27 and 28, few, and 29, many, on Phyllophora; Nashawena 30, many on Phyllo- phora; Cuttyhunk 32, 33, 34, and 38, many on Phyllophora and Chondrus; Sow and Pigs 35, few on algae; Gay Head 44, 45, and 46, many, and 47 and 49, few, on Chondrus and Phyllo- phora; 50 and 51, many on Chondrus; 56, 57, and 58, many, and 59, few, on Chondrus and Phyl- lophora; also Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, hauls 3 and 4, many on Phyllophora and Plu- maria; Marthas Vineyard 55, few, and 64, 65, 66, 67, and 68, many, on Chondrus, Phyllo- phora, and Zostera; 61 and 63, many, and 62, few, on Chondrus and other algae; 69, many on Phyllophora; 74, many, and 75, 76, and 77, few, on larger algae; 7761, many; Vineyard Haven 72, many on Phyllophora; 7762, few. Drifted fragments, 7758, 13. Summer, winter, undoubtedly at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 292 ( Callithamnion Turneri Agardh), Vineyard Sound; P. B.-A., fas. iv, no. 197, floating off Gay Head and Cuttyhunk, August, 1895. (C. P. Nott.) Spyridia Jilamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey. [Chart 245-] Common, on stones and shells, Zostera, and larger algae. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 15 fathoms (most plentiful in from 4 to 10 fath- oms), over sandy, shelly, stony, and muddy bottoms. Widely distributed inshore along Order RHODOI\ Family Rhodomelace^. Chondria dasyphylla (Woodward) Agardh. Common, on rocks and larger algae, sometimes Zostera, in shallow water below low-tide mark. Dredged by the Survey in 4 to 10 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. Restricted chiefly to the easterly portion of Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point, Buz- zards Bay shore. Tarpaulin Cove. Buzzards Bay: Drifted fragment, 151. Vineyard Sound: Easterly portion— 7755, one; 7774, one; 7777, 7781, and 7782, few; 7783, one. Inshore — Marthas Vineyard 61, 1 on stone; 73, few on pebbles. Spyridia Jilamentosa — Continued. the east side of Buzzards Bay and along Mar- thas Vineyard ; scattered throughout Vineyard Sound and inshore along the Elizabeth Islands. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point. Wee- pecket (Farlow). Black Rock. Frequently washed ashore at Nobska. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7656, few at base of Laminaria; 7671, many; 7675, few on Zos- tera. Inshore — Cuttyhunk 103, 2 on Phyllo- phora; Gull Island 116, few; Naushon 90, 2 on Phyllophora; Uncatena 117, few; Ouisset 129, few; 130, many on pebbles; West Falmouth 132, many, and 133, few, on pebbles; North Falmouth 136 and 137, many on pebbles, 138, few; Hog Island Point 134, few on pebbles; Cataumet Harbor 142, few; Scraggy Neck 145, few; Bassetts Island 146, few; Wings Neck 147, few; Cromeset Neck 158, many. Drifted fragments, 7636, 150, 151, 152, 153. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7571, 7572, and 7588, few; 7720, 1 on Chondrus; 7724, many; 7725, many entangled with other algae; 7726, many entangled with Polysiphonia nigres- cens; 7735, many. Narrow portion — 7530 bis, few; 7533 bis, 1 on stone; 7542, 7559, 7562 and 7741, few; 7749, one. Easterly portion — 7759 and 7760, few; 7763, few on shells; 7763(1907), few; 7776 and 7783, many. Inshore — Menem- sha Bight 53 and 54, many on stones; also July 17, 1905, haul 1, few; Marthas Vineyard 52, many on stones; 55, 61, 64, 68, 69, 73, and 76, few on stones; 67, many on stones; Vineyard Haven 7762, few. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 291, Woods Hole, Weepecket; A. A. B. Ex., fas. iv, no. 151, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. vm, no. 393, Edgartown, July 17, 1897 (M. W. Jemegan). Chondria dasyphylla- — Continued. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 286 ( Chondria littoralis Agardh), Woods Hole; Farlow, 1875, p. 359 ( Chondria littoralis ), Woods Hole; A. A. B. Fx., fas. v, no. 186, Woods Hole in part (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. hi, no. 142, Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, August 7, 1894 (W. A. Setchell). Chondria sedifolia Harvey. Occasional, on stones, Zostera, and larger algae below low- water mark. Woods Hole: Little Harbor off Juniper Point. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 286 ( Chondria dasyphylla var. sedifolia), Woods Hole. 820 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Ckondria tenuissima (Goodenough & Woodward) Agardli . Very common, on rocks and larger algae below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey at station 73, in 2)4 to 5 fathoms, over a stony bottom. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point, Buz- zards Bay shore. Nobska. Tarpaulin Cove. Black Rock. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Marthas Vineyard 73, few on stones. Summer. Chondria tenuissima var. Baileyana (Harvey) J. Agardh. Common, on stones and larger algae below low- water mark. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor off Juniper Point. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 286 ( Chondria Baileyana Har- vey), Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 187, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow). Dasya elegans (Martens) Agardh. Common, in quiet waters on Zostera, larger algae, and occasionally stones. Dredged by the Sur- vey in 2 to 13 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. A wide and scattered distribution in both Bay and Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7632, 1 on stone. Lower portion — 7674 and 7675, few on Zostera ; 7656, one, and 7666, one, on stones. Inshore — Gunning Point 130, one; Great Hill 154, ion stone. Drifted fragments, 7626, 7653. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7734, few. Narrow portion — 7733, few; 7751, one; 7753, few. Easterly portion — 7755, 7768, and 7770, few; 7775, many; 7777, 7778, 7779, 7780, 7781, 7782 and 7783 , few. Inshore — passageof Woods Hole 122, one; Robinsons Hole 21, few on stones; Marthas Vineyard 55, few on algae; 61, many, and 69, few, on Zostera; 73, 75, and 76, many on Zostera. Drifted fragments, 7536 bis, 77U- 7749. 7759- Summer. Polysiphonia atrorubescens (Dillwyn) Greville. Occasional, on stones in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 8 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. A scattered distri- bution at inshore stations off the Elizabeth Islands in the lower portion of Buzzards Bay and off Marthas Vineyard in the westerly por- tion of Vineyard Sound. Polysiphonia atrorubescens — Continued . Washed ashore on exposed points asatGay Head, Cuttyhunk, and No Mans Land. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Sow and Pigs in, few; Pasque 82, few. Drifted fragments, 7622. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Gay Head 56, many on stones; Menemsha Bight July 17, 1903, haul 2, few. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 287, Gay Head, Menemsha Bight; Farlow, 1881, p. 174, Gay Head. Polysiphonia elongata (Hudson) Harvey. [Chart 246.] Common, on stones and rocks in fairly deep wa- ter. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 17 fathoms (most plentiful from 5 to 13 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. Widely distributed throughout Vineyard Sound and the lower portion of Buzzards Bay. Washed ashore on exposed points as at Nobska, Cuttyhunk, and Gay Head. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7656, one; 7662 (1907) and 7663, few; 7675, one. Inshore — Sow and Pigs in, many; Cuttyhunk 100 and 102, few; 101, many; cove west of Cuttyhunk Neck 27, 1905, many; Penikese 114, few. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7581 (1907), few; 7678, three; 7685, many; 7686, one; 7698, one; 7701, many; 7702, 7706, 7709, one each; 7717, few; 7723, many; 7724, one; 7725, few; 7726, many; 7727, one; 7728 and 7730, few; 7734, many. Narrow portion — 7557, 77 33, one; and 7739, few; 7751, 7752, 7754, one each. Easterly portion — 7760 and 7766, few; 7772, 7780, few on Phyllophora. Inshore — Robinsons Hole 23, one; Quicks Hole 29, one; Cuttyhunk 33 and 34, many; 38, few; Gay Head 44 and 45, many; 46, 47, 48 and 49, few; 56 and 59, many; 60, few; 7731, many; 7731 (1907), few; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, hauls 1 and 2, few; Menemsha Bight July 17, 1905, hauls 2 and 3, many; Marthas Vineyard 55, 64, 65, 68 and 73, few; Vineyard Haven 7762, few. Drifted fragment, 78. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 287, Gay Head, Menemsha Bight; Farlow, 1881, p. 172, Woods Hole, Gay Head; A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 182, Gay Head, (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. 1, no. 44, Gay Head, August 22, 1892 (W. J. V. Osterhout). Polysiphonia fastigiata (Roth) Greville. Occasional, attached to Ascophyllum nodosum. Woods Plole: Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point, Buz- zards Bay shore. Nobska. Black Rock. Spring, early summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 287, Woods Hole. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 821 Polysiphonia fibrillosa (Dillwyn) Greville. Common, on rocks and larger algae at and below low-tide mark. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to xi fathoms, over sandy, and stony bottoms. At several scattered stations chiefly in Vine- yard Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point. Nobska. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Cuttyhunk 104, one. Drifted fragments, 7610, 82. Vineyard Sound: Easterly portion — 7759, few. Inshore — Robinsons Hole 20, few; Quicks Hole 29, few; Menemsha Bight July 17, 1905, haul 2, few. Drifted fragments, 13. Summer. Farlow, 1876, p. 693, Woods Hole; Farlow, 1881, pp. 172, 173, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 181, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. xxv, no. 1244, Juniper Point (But- lers Point), Woods Hole, August, 1904 (B. M. Davis and Miss L. J. MacRae). Polysiphonia Harveyi Bailey. Common, on Zosiera in quiet waters. Dredged by the Survey in 5 to 10 fathoms, over sandy, shelly, stony, and muddy bottoms. At a few scattered stations in Buzzards Bay and the easterly portion of Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Eel Pond, Little Harbor. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7663, many on Zostera. Inshore — Uncatena 117, few on Zos- ter a. Drifted fragments, 150, 151 and 138 on Zostera. Vineyard Sound: Easterly portion — 7778, 7779, 7780 and 7781, few on Zostera; 7782, one; 7783, few on Zostera. Inshore — Vineyard Haven 72, few on Zostera. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 287, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. iv, no. 133, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow), Polysiphonia nigrescens (Dillwyn) Greville. [Chart 247-] Common, in fairly deep water on stones and shells and over muddy bottom. Dredged by the Survey in 1 to 15 fathoms (most plentiful in 5 to 10 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, stony, and muddy bottoms. Very widely distributed in both Bay and Sound. Woods Hole: Entrance to Eel Pond. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7610, 7615, 7636, 7637, 7638 and 7639, few; 7648, many; 7649, few; 7654 and 7655, many. Lower portion — 7656, Polysiphonia n igrescens — Continued . few; 7659, many; 7664, 7666, 7668 and 7672, few. Inshore — Sow and Pigs 111, few; Cutty- hunk 102 and 112, few; Penikese 113 and 114, few; Gull Island 115, many; Nashawena 80 and 81, few; Pasque 82, few; 83, many; 84, few; Naushon 86, 90 and 91, few; Weepecket 108, 109, and no, few; Penzance 122, one; Scon- ticut Neck 163 and 164, few; Mishaum Point 167, few. Drifted fragments, 7614, 7618, 7626, 76451 765°. r°°- Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7581 (1907), few; 7717, few; 7718, one; 7724 and 7725, many; 7726, few; 7728, 7729, 7730 and 7734, many. Narrowportion — 7523 bis, one; 7549 (1907), few; 7551 (1907), few; 7751, one; 7752, many. East- erly portion — 7760, one; 7763 (1907), few. In- shore— Nonamesset 1, one; Naushon 5, 6, and 7, few; 9, one; ix,one; Tarpaulin Cove 18, many; 19, one; Robinsons Hole 20 and 22, few; Nasha. wena 31, two; Cuttyhunk 33, few, 34, many; Gay Head 47, few; 49, many; 50 and 51, few; 59, few; 60, many; 7581 bis, few, 7731, many, 7731 (1907), few; Menemsha Bight 53 and 54, many; also July 17, 1905 hauls 1, 2, and 3, many; Marthas Vineyard 52, many; 55, 62, 76 and 77, few; 7761, few. Drifted fragments, 7532 bis, 7533 bis, 7775, 14, 15. Spring, summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 287, Woods Hole, Gay Head. Polysiphonia nigrescens var. fucoides Harvey. Occasional, in fairly deep water on stones and over mud. Dredged by the Survey in 5 to 5^ fathoms, over gravel and mud at station 33. Weepecket and No Mans Land (Farlow). Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Cuttyhunk 33 (few). Summer. Farlow, 1873, P- 287, Weepecket (on Fucus ), No Mans Land (10 fathoms). Polysiphonia Olneyi Harvey. Common, on Zostera in quiet waters. Dredged by the Survey at stations 73 and 127, in 2 to 5 fathoms, over sandy, stony, and muddy bottoms. Woods Hole: Eel Pond, Little Harbor. Quisset Harbor. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Quisset Harbor 127, few on Zostera. Drifted fragments, 123. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Marthas Vineyard 73, many on Chorda filum. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 287, Woods Hole. 822 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Polysiphonia urceolata (Lightfoot) Greville. Common, on stones and wharves in the spring. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 19 fathoms, over sandy, stony, and muddy bottoms. Probably widely distributed in both Bay and Sound in the spring, but in the summer only found in the lower portion of Buzzards Bay and west- erly portion of Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Wharves and harbor walls, en- trance to Eel Pond, Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7670, few; 7673, one; and 7675, 1 on stone. Inshore — Sow and Pigs in, few; Gull Island ii5,fewon stones. Drifted fragments, 83, 84. Vineyard Sound: Inshore — Cuttyhunk 32, 1 on stone . Spring, passing out of season in early summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 286, Woods Hole, Government wharf. Polysiphonia variegata (Agardh) Zanardini. [Chart 248.] Common, on stones, Zostera, and larger algae, fre- quently growing unattached over sand and mud . Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 6 fath- oms, over sandy, shelly, stony, and muddy bottoms. In the upper portion of Buzzards Bay, at inshore stations, chiefly along the east- erly shore. Woods Hole: Wharves and harbor walls, Little Harbor, over sand and mud in quiet water. Weepecket (Farlow). Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion— 7632, one; In- shore— Naushon 91, one; Weepecket 108, few, Penzance 123, few; West Falmouth 133, one; Hog Island Point 134, many; Hog Island Har- bor 135, few; North Falmouth 136, few; 137, many; 138, one; NyesNeck 139, one; 140, one, 141, few; Scraggy Neck 145, many; Bassetts Island 146, few; Wings Neck 147, few. Vineyard Sound: Drifted fragments, 7554 bis. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 287, Woods Hole, Weepecket Islands; P. B.-A., fas. v, no. 245a, Woods Hole, August 15, 1895 (W. A. Setchell). Polysiphonia vestita J. Agardh. Rare. Marthas Vineyard (Jernegan). Collins, 1896b, p. 462, Marthas Vineyard (M. W. Jernegan). Polysiphonia violacea (Roth) Greville. Common, on stones and larger algae below low- water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 1 to 13 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. A scattered distribution in both Bay and Sound. Woods Plole: Wharves and harbor walls, en- trance to Eel Pond, Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point, Gut of Canso. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7664, one very dark in color, on stone. Inshore — Nashawena 79, few; Pasque 82, few; West Falmouth 129 and 130, few; North Falmouth 136, 137, few. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7681, 7704, 7721, one each. Narrow portion — 7523 bis, 1 on stone. Easterly portion — 7780, one. In- shore— Gay Head 50 and 51, few on rocks, 45, one; 48, few; Marthas Vineyard 64, few. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 287, Gay Head, Menemsha. Rhodomela Rochei Harvey. Common, on stones, Phyllophora and other large algae below low- water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 8 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. Probably widely distributed in the spring in both Bay and Sound, but in the sum- mer only found at scattered stations. Woods Hole: Washed ashore at Nobska and at other points. Buzzards Bay: Inshore— Gull Island 115, few; Pasque 82, few; Naushon 89, one; Weepeckets 105, 108, and 109, few; passage of Woods Hole 122, few; Penzance 123, few; Quisset 128, many on Phyllophora; Hog Island Point 134, many; Hog Island Harbor 135, few; North Falmouth 136, few; 137, many; Nyes Neck 141, many on Phyllophora; Mishaum Point 167, 1 large plant. Vineyard Sound: Inshore— Gay Head 7731 (1907), one. Spring, passing out of season in the summer. The plants dredged were chiefly old basal portions. Farlow, 1881, p. 169, Woods Hole; P. B.-A., fas. xxvi, no. 1296, Woods Hole, April 23, 1905 (F. S. Collins). Rhodomela subfusca (Woodward) Agardh. Occasional, on stones and over sand and mud, below low-water mark. Dredged by the Sur- vey in 3 to 12 fathoms, over sandy, stony, and muddy bottoms. Probably widely distrib- uted in the spring in both Bay and Sound, but in the summer only found at scattered stations- BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 823 Rhodomela subfusca — Continued. Woods Hole : Washed ashore at Nobska and along the Buzzards Bay shore. Wharf at Gay Head. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7639, one; 7652, one. Lower portion — 7656, one; 7667, one. Inshore— Pasque 83, one; Naushon 91, one; 96, few. Drifted fragments 7626. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7735, one. Narrow portion — 7554 bis, one. Inshore — Quicks Hole 29, 2 on stones; Gay Head 56, few on stones; Marthas Vineyard 61, 1 on a stone. Drifted fragments, 20. Rhodomela subfusca — Continued. Spring, passing out of season in the summer, the plants dredged being well past their prime. Farlow, 1873, p. 286, Gay Head, Vineyard Sound; Farlow, 1S81, p. 163, WoodsHole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. v, no. 184, Gay Head (W. G. Farlow). Rhodomela virgata Kjellman. Rare. Marthas Vineyard (Jemegan). Collins, 1896b, p. 461, 462, Marthas Vineyard (M. W. Jemegan). Order GIGARTINALES. Family Gigartinace^. Actinococcus aggregatus Schmitz. Occasional, epiphytic on Gymnogongrus Grif- fithsice. Back River near Monument Beach (A. W. Evans). July 27, 1896 (Evans). Specimen in herbarium of Bureau of Fisheries. Actinococcus peltaformis Schmitz. Rare, epiphytic on Gymnogongrus norvegicus. Dredged by the Survey in 7 fathoms off Gay Head at station 56, over sand and gravel. Vineyard Sound: Gay Head 56, few on Gym- nogongrus norvegicus . Summer. Actinococcus subcutaneus (Lyngbye) Schmitz. Common, epiphytic on Phyllophora Brodicci. Dredged by the Survey in 4 to 15 fathoms, over sandy and stony bottoms. Distribution scat- tered in Vineyard Sound, but may be expected in both Bay and Sound wherever Phyllophora Brodiai occurs. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7583 and 7595, few. Narrow portion — 7521 bis, many; 7522 bis, few; 7524 bis, few; 7525 bis, many. Inshore — Nonamesset 8, few; Naushon 9 and 10, few; Cuttyhunk 32, 33, and 34, many; Marthas Vineyard 61, 62, and 63, many. Summer. Aknfeldtia plicata (Turner) Fries. [Chart 249.] Common , on stones and loose over the bottom in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in 1 to 14 fathoms (most plentiful in 7 to 13 fath- oms), over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. Distribution chiefly in lower portion of Buz- zards Bay and westerly portion of Vineyard Sound, and also off East and West Chop. WoodsHole: Near Devils Foot Island. Nobska, Cuttyhunk. Black Rock. Aknfeldtia plicata — Continued. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7638, few; 7656. few. Inshore — Sow and Pigs in, few; Cutty- hunk 112, few; Gull Island 116, many. Drifted fragments, 79, 82. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7593, 7598, and 7599, few; 7718, one; 7720, few; 7721, one; 7724 and 7725, few. Narrow portion — 7524 bis and 7525 bis, few. Easterly portion — 7760, one. Inshore — Robinsons Hole 21 and 22, few; Sow and Pigs 36, few; Gay Head 50 and 51, consid- erable; 44 and 46, few; 47, many; 48, few; 49, considerable; 60, few; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, hauls r and 2, few; Marthas Vineyard 55, few; 69, two. Spring, summer, probably at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 290, Gay Head. Chondrus crispus (Linnaeus) Stackhouse. Irish moss. [Chart 250.] Very common, on stones and rocks at low-water mark and below. Dredged by the Survey in 1 to 19 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 12 fath- oms), over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. Widely distributed throughout Vineyard Sound and in the lower portion of Buzzards Bay; less plentiful in the upper portion of the Bay. Woods Hole: Wharves and harbor walls, Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point, Buzzards Bay shore. Nobska. Tarpaulin Cove. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upperportion — 7610, few. Lower portion — 7656 and 7659, many; 7663, 7665, few; 7668, one; 7670, few; 7672, one; 7673, one. In- shore— Sow and Pigs in, many; Cuttyhunk 100 and 1 12, many; 102, few; Gull Island 116, many; Nashawena 79 and 80, few; Naushon 87, few; Weepeckets 108, few; Penzance 123, many; Gunning Point 130, one. Drifted frag- ments, 7652. 824 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Chondrus crispus — Continued. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7566, 7581 (1907), 7582, 7583, 7584, 7585, 7589, 7591, and 7596, few. Narrow portion — 7521 (1907), many; 7523 bis, 7524 bis, and 7525 bis, few; 7533 bis, many; 7536, one; 7537, one; 7342 bis, few; 7546, one; 7553. 7554. 7554 bis, 7560, 7561,7562, 7732, 7739, and 7746, few; 7749, many. Easterly por- tion— 7759, few; 7760, one; 7763 (1907), few; 7764, very many; 7765, few; 7766, many; 7767, few; 7768, many; 7769, 7770, 7771, 7772 and 7777, few; 7779 and 7781, few; Inshore — passage of Woods Hole 118, few; 12 1, many; Great Ledge, Woods Hole 4, few; Nonamesset 1 and 2, many; 3 and 8, few; Naushon 5, one; Rob- insons Hole 20, 21, 22, and 23, many; Pasque 24, few; 25 and 26, many; Quicks Hole 29, few; Nashawena 30 and 31, few; Cuttyhunk 32 and 34, many; 38, few; Sow and Pigs 35 and 36, few; Gay Head 50 and 51, very abundant ; 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 56, 57, and 58, many; 59, 60, 7581 bis, and 7731 bis, few; also Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, hauls 3 and 4, many; Menemsha Bight August 9, 1904, few; Marthas Vineyard 62, 63, and 64, few; 67, many; 68, few, 76, few; 7761 (1907), few. Drifted fragments, 7570, 7701, 7774, 13, 14, 15. At all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 290, Gay Head, Woods Hole. Gymnogongrus Griffithsiae (Turner) Martius. Occasional, on stones. Back River near Monument Beach (A. W. Evans). July 27, 1896. (Evans.) Specimen in herbarium of Bureau of Fisheries. Gymnogongrus norvegicus (Tinner) J. Agardh. Rare. Dredged by the Survey off Gay Head at station 56 in 7 fathoms; attached to stones over a sandy bottom. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — Gay Head 56, few on stones. Summer. Phyllophora Brodioei (Turner) J. Agardh. [Chart, 251-] Common, on stones well below low-water mark, frequently growing in sand and mud. Dredged by the Survey in iy£ to 15 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 10 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms, occasionally over mud. Very widely distributed throughout both the Bay and Sound. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7610, 7611,7613, 7614, 7615, 7617, 7618, 7627, and 7654, few. Lower portion — 7656, many; 7663, 7672, and Phyllophora Brodicei — Continued. 7673, few. Inshore — Sow and Pigs hi, many; Cuttyhunk 100, 101, and 103, few; 112, many; cove west of Cuttyhunk Neck July 27, 1905, many; Penikese 113, many; 114, few; Gull Island 115, few; 116, many; Nashawena 80, few; Pasque 82, 83, and 85, few; Naushon 86 and 91, many; Uncatena 117, many; Wee- peckets 108, few; 109, one; no, few; Penzance 122, one; Scraggy Neck 144, many; i45andi47, few. Drifted fragments, 7621, 7622, 7629. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7583, 75S4, 7591 , 7595, 7596, and 7598, few. Narrow por- tion— 7521 bis, many; 7522 bis, few; 7523 and 7524, many; 7524 bis and 7525, few; 7525 bis, many; 7526 (1907), many; 7530, one; 7532, one; 7533 bis, many; 7534, few; 7535, one; 7536, one; 7536 bis, 7537, 7541, 7542 (1907), 7547, 7547 bis, 7548 and 7739, few; 7744, one; 7749, few. East- erly portion — 7763 (1907) and 7766, few. In- shore— Great Ledge 4, few; Nonamesset, 1 many; 2, 3, and 8, few; Naushon 5, 7, 9, and 10, few; 12, one; 16, many; Robinsons Hole 20, 21, and 22, many; Quicks Hole 27, many; Nasha- wena 30 and 31, many; Cuttyhunk 32, 33, and 34, many; 38, few; Sow and Pigs 35, few; 36, many; 37, few; Gay Head 44, few; 45, many, 46, 47, 48, and 49, few; 56, 57, and 58, many; 59, few; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, hauls 1 and 2, few; 3 and 4, many; Menemsha Bight July 17, 1905, haul 2, few; Marthas Vine- yard 52 and 55, few; 61 and 62, few; 63, many; 65 and 66, few; 69, many; 71, many; 73, 74, 76, and 77, few. Drifted fragments, 7582, 7588. Summer, winter, undoubtedly at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 290, Gay Head; Farlow, 1881, p. 145, Woods Hole. Phyllophora Brodicei var. catenaia (Lyngbye) Are- schoug. Occasional. Dredged by the Survey off Nobska at station 7521 (1907) in 8 to 10 fathoms, over coarse sand. Vineyard Sound: Narrow portion — 7521 (1907), many. August 9, 1907. Phyllophora membranifolia (Goodenough & Wood- ward) J. Agardh. [Chart 252.] Common, on stones, well below low-water mark, frequently growing over sand. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 17 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 10 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, stony, and muddy bottoms. Very widely distributed throughout both the Bay and Sound. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 825 Phyllophora membanif olia — Continued. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7610 (1907), 7621 (1907), 7630, 7630 (1907). 7631 and 7632, few; 7635, many; 7639 (1907), few. Lowerportion — 7637, few; 7659, many; 7660, few; 7662, many on holdfasts of Laminaria; 7663 (1907), 7664, 7666, 7672 (1907), and 7675; few. Inshore — Sow and Pigs in, many; Cuttyhunk 100, many; 102 and 103, few; 112, many; Peni- kese, 113 many; Gull Island 115, few, 116, many; Nashawena 79 and 8i, few; Pasque 82, 83, 84, and 85, few; Naushon 86 and 87, many; 89, one; 90, one; 91, many; 92, few; 96, many; Uncatena 117, many; Weepeckets 108, many; 109, one; no, few; Penzance 123, many; 124, few; Quisset 126, few); 128, many; 130, few; Hog Island Point 134, many; Hog Island Harbor 135, few; North Falmouth 137, many; Nyes Neck 140, one; 141, many; Sconticut Neck 163, few; off Appo- naganset Bay 165, few; Mishaum Point 167, few. Drifted fragments, 7618, 7633, 7634, 7651, 78. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7706, one; 7710, few; 7719, one; 7722, one; 7725, few; 7729, few. Narrow portion — 7521 bis, many; 7523 bis, few; 7524 bis, few; 7525 bis, very many; 7530 bis, few; 7331 bis and 7533 bis, many; 7542 bis, 7543 (1907) and 7549 (1907), few; 7739 and 7740, many; 7741. few; 7742, many; 7743, two; 7744, many; 7745, few; 7749, many; 7752, few; 7754, one. Easterly portion — 7755, one; 7739, 7760, 7764, 7765, 7766, 7768, and 7769, few; 7770, many; 7772 and 7774, few; 7775, many; 7780, one; 7782, few; 7783, one. In- shore— Robinsons Hole 22 and 23, many; Pasque 24, 25, and 26, many; Nashawena 30, many; Cuttyhunk 33, many; Gay Head 56, 57, and 58, many; 60, few; Marthas Vineyard 64, 65 and 66, few; 67, many; 68, few; 69, many; 74 and 77, few; 7761, many; Vineyard Haven 7762, few. Drifted fragments, 7682, 7779, 13. Summer, winter, undoubtedly at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 290, Gay Head. Sterrocolax decipiens Schmitz. (Taxonomic posi- tion uncertain). Occasional, parasitic on Ahnfeldtia plicata. Woods Hole. Washed ashore at Nobska. Spring, summer. Family RhodophyllidacE/E. Agardhiella tenera (J. Agardh) Schmitz. [Chart 253-1 Common, on stones and shells in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 15 fath- oms (most plentiful in 4 to 10 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, stony, and muddy bottoms. Very widely distributed throughout both Bay and Sound. Woods Hole: Entrance to Eel Pond, off Grassy Ledge in ship channel. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7615, 2 on sul- phur sponges; 7632, one; 7645, one; 7648, many on shells; 7649 and 7630, few. Lower portion — 7661, one. Inshore — Cuttyhunk 100 and 103, few; Penikese 113, few; Gull Island 116, few; Uncatena 117, many; Weepeckets 108, few; Penzance 123 and 124, few; Quisset 128, few; 129 and 130, many; West Falmouth 132, many; 133, few; Hog Island Point 134, many; Hog Island Harbor 135, few; North Falmouth 136 and 137, many; Nyes Neck 141, many; Catau- met Harbor 142, many; Scraggy Neck 145, many; Bassetts Island 146, very many on shells, Wings Neck 147, many; 148, three; 150, few; Great Hill 154, few; Cromeset Neck 158, many; Wareham River 155, 156, and 157, few; Sconticut Neck 163 and 164, few; Mishaum Point 167, few. Drifted fragments 7612, 7614, 7616, 7646. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7728, one; 773oand 7734, few; 7733, one. Narrow portion — 7325 bis, many; 7533, one; 7333 bis, few on sul- phur sponges and stones; 7535, one; 7536, one; 7537 and 7540, few; 7541, one; 7541 bisand 7542, few; 7543 bis, one; 7553, few; 7559, one; 7562 and 7733, few; 7744, 7751, 7753, 7754, one each. Easterly portion — 7735, one; 7758, one; 7760, 7763, 7763 (1907), 7764 and 7763, few; 7766, few on shells; 7766 (1907), 7771, 7772, 7775 and 7777, few; 7778, many on stones and shells; 7779, 7780, 7781, 7782, and 7783, few. Inshore— pas- sage of Woods Hole 12 1, many; Nonamesset 1, two; 8, many; Naushon 7, two; 9, three; Tarpau- lin Cove 17, few; also July 18, 1903, haul 2, few; Quicks Hole 28, two; Nashawena 30, two; Cut- tyhunk 33 and 38, few; Menemsha Bight 53 and 54, many; August 9, 1904, few; July 17, 1905, haul i, many; Marthas Vineyard 52, many; 55, few; 61, 62, 65, and 68, few; 69, many; 73 826 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Agardhiella tenera — Continued. and 74, few; 77, many; 7761, many; Vineyard Haven 70, 71, 72 and 7762, many. Drifted fragments, 7548. Summer, undoubtedly at other seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 289 (Solieria chordalis J. Agardh), Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. iv, no. 143, ( Rhabdonia tenera J. Agardh), Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow). Cystoclonium purpurascens (Hudson) Kiitzing. [Chart 254.] Common, attached to stones in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in 2^2 to 13 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 10 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms, occasionally over mud. A scattered distribution through Vine- yard Sound and in the lower portion chiefly of Buzzards Bay. Woods Hole: Entrance to Eel Pond, Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point. Nobska. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7653 and 7654, few. Lower portion- — 7656, 7659, and 7680, few. Inshore — Cuttyhunk 104, one. Drifted fragments, 7616. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7720, one; 7729, few. Narrow portion — 7524 bis, two; 7525 bis, 7542 (1907) and 7549 (1907), few. Easterly portion — 7760, one. Inshore — passage of Woods Hole 1 18, few; Nonamesset 8, many; Robin- sons Hole 20 and 22, many; Pasque 25, many; Quicks Hole 29, few; Nashawena3o, one; Cut- tyhunk 33 and 34, many; Gay Head 44, 49, 56, 57, 58, and 59, many; 60, few; Marthas Vine- yard 52, 62, and 63, few. Summer. Farlow, 1873, P- 29°> Gay Head, Woods Hole. Cystoclonium purpurascens var. cirrhosum Harvey. [Chart 255.] Common, on stones and larger algae in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in 1 to 17 fath- oms (most plentiful in 4 to 12 fathoms), over Order RHOD Family Spi-eEROCOCC acE/E . Gracilaria confervoides (Linnaeus) Greville. Occasional, on muddy shores. Mattapoisett (Collins). September 14, 1902 (Collins). Collins, 1903, p. 232, Mattapoisett; P. B.-A., fas. xxi, no. 1041, in dense tufts, floating, Matta- poisett, September 14, 1902 (F. S. Collins). Cystoclonium purpurascens var . cirrhosum — Con. sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms, occasionally over mud. Distribution chiefly in the lower portion of Buzzards Bay and westerly portion of Vineyard Sound. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7639 and 7653, few. Lower portion — 7651 (1907), 7656, 7659, 7662 (1907), 7663, 7664, 7666, 7672, and 7673, few. Inshore — Sow and Pigs iu,many; Cut- tyhunk 100, many; 102, few; 112, many on Phyllophora; Cove west of Cuttyhunk Neck July 27, 1905, many; Penikese 113, many; Gull Island 115, few; 116, many; Nashawena 80, few; Pasque 82 and 85, few; 83, many; Naushon 86, many. Drifted fragments, 7665. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7581(1907), 7585, 7601, 7676, and 7678, few; 7686, one; 7692 and 7693, few; 7703, 1 on Rhodymenia; 7706, one; 7707, many; 7717, few; 7718, many; 7719, one; 7722, one; 7730, many. Narrow portion — 7523, few; 7534, one; 7740, one; 39, few. Inshore — Nonamesset 1, one; 8, few; Robinsons Hole 20 and22,many; Pasque 24 and 25, many; Quicks Hole 27, few; Cuttyhunk 32, 33, and 34, many; Sow and PigS35,one; 36and37,few; Gay Head 50 and 51, considerable on bottom; 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 56, 58, and 59, many; 60, 7581 (1907) and 7731, few; 7731 (1907), many; also Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, haul 1, few; hauls 2, 3, and 4, many; Menemsha Bight 53 and 54, few; August 9, 1904, few; July 17, 1905, haul 2, many; Marthas Vineyard 52 and 63, few. Drifted fragments, 7572, 7677, 7700. Summer. Euthora cristata (Linnaeus) J. Agardh. Rare, on stones in 8 to 10 fathoms off Gay Head (Farlow). August and September 1, 1873 (Farlow). Farlow, 1876, p. 698, dredged off Gay Head; Farlow, 1881, p. 153, 154, Gay Head in 8 or 10 fathoms. Gracilaria multipartita (Clementi) Agardh. Occasional, on stones, sandy and muddy bot- toms. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 14 fath- oms (most plentiful in 4 to 10 fathoms), over sandy and stony bottoms. Distribution chiefly at inshore stations in the narrow portion of Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Entrance to Eel Pond. Hadley Harbor (W. G. Farlow). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 827 Gracilaria multipartita — Continued. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Pasque 84, one; Quisset Harbor 127. one. Vineyard Sound: Narrow portion — 7554 bis, one. Easterly portion — 7766, one. Inshore — passage of Woods Hole 121, many; Great Ledge, Woods Hole 4, few; Nonamesset 1, few; 2, many; 3, few; 8, many; Naushon 5, 9, and 10, few; 12, one; Devils Bridge, Gay Head August 17, 1905, hauls 3 and 4, few; Marthas Vineyard 61, 62, 63, and 68, few. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 289, Woods Hole, Hadley Harbor. Gracilaria multipartita var. angustissivia Harvey. Occasional, on sandy and muddy bottoms. Woods Hole: Entrance to Eel Pond, Little Harbor. Summer. Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux. Occasional, in fairly deep water. Woods Hole: Off Juniper Point on rocky bottom at a depth of 3 to 4 fathoms (Nott). Black Rock. Frequently washed ashore in Little Harbor, at Nobska, and along the Falmouth shore. Summer. Farlow, 1873, PP- 283, 289, Woods Hole, Nobska, Falmouth shore; Farlow, 1875, p. 366, Woods Hole; Farlow, 1876, p. 697, Woods Hole; A. A. B. Ex., fas. iv, no. 144, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. iv, no. 196, off Juniper Point (Butlers Point), Woods Hole, August 26, 1895 (C. P. Nott). Family RhodymeniacE^. Champia parvula (Agardh) Harvey. [Chart 256.] Common on stones, Zostera, and larger algae, fre- quently lying loosely on the bottom. Dredged by the Survey in 1 to 19 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 12 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, stony, and muddy bottoms. Very widely distributed throughout both Bay and Sound. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point. Nobska. Tarpaulin Cove. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7610 (1907), many; 7648, few on algae; 7651 (1907), few; 7653 and 7654, many on algae; 7630 (1907), few. Lowerportion — 7656 and 7657, few; 7661, many; 7662 and 7663, many; 7664, few; 7668, one; 7670, one; 7671, few; 7672, one. Inshore — Cuttyhunk 100, few; Gull Island 116, many; Naushon 96, one; Uncatena 117, many on Phyllophora; Wee- peckets 109, one; Penzance 123, many; Ouisset 128, many on Phyllophora; 129, few; 130, many; Champia parvula — Continued. Gunning Point 13 1, many; Hog Island Point 134, many; Hog Island Harbor 135, many; North Falmouth 136 and 137, many; 138, one; 139, one; Nyes Neck 141, few; Cataumet Har- bor 142, few; Scraggy Neck 144, one; Wings Neck 148, few; 150, one; Cromeset Neck 158, few; off Apponaganset Bay 165, few. Drifted fragments, 7627, 7658, 166. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7566, 7567, 7568, 7569, and 7571, few; 7572, many; 7574, 7575, 7576, 7578, 7588, and 7676, few; 7703, one; 7724, many; 7725, few; 7728, 7729, and 7734, few. Narrow portion — 7521, one; 7521 (1907), few; 7523 bis, one; 7525, 7525 bis, 7526 (1907), and 7533 bis, few; 7534, one; 7541, one; 7541 bis, 7542, 7542 (1907), 7543 (1907), 7546 and 7547, few; 7549 bis, one; 7549 (1907), many; 755U 755i (i9°7)> 7553. 7554, 7554 bis, 7557, 7559, 756°, 7562, and 7565 bis, few; 7732 and 7733, many; 7739, few on Phyllophora; 7741, few; 7745, many; 7746, few; 7749, many; 7752, many on Phyllophora; 7753, few; 7754, many. Easterly portion — 7756, 7757, 7758, 7759, 7760, 7763, and 7763 (1907), few; 7764, many; 7765, 7766, 7767, 7769, 7770, and 7771, few; 7772, one; 7774 one; 7775, many on Phyllophora; 7776, many; 7777, 7778, 7779, 7780, 7780 (1907), 7781, 7782, 7783, and 7783 (1907), few. In- shore— passage of Woods Hole 122, few; Nona- messet 1, one; 8, one; Naushon 6, one; Tarpau- lin Cove July 18, 1903, haul 1, few; Robinsons Hole 20, 21, and 22, few; Cuttyhunk 38, few; Gay Head 50 and 51, few on bottom; 44, 46, and 47, few; 49, many; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, hauls 1 and 2, few; Menemsha Bight July 17, 1905, haul 3, few; Marthas Vine- yard 61, 62, 63, and 64, few; 67 and 68, many on Zostera and large algae; 73, many; 74, 75, 76, and 77, few; 7761, many; Vineyard Haven 70, 71, and 72, many, some on Crepidula shells; 7762, many. Drifted fragments, 7530, 7677, 7736- Summer. P. B.-A., fas. vi, no. 290, Little Harbor, Woods Hole, July, 1893 (W. A. Setchell); P. B.-A., fas. xii, no. 592, Edgartown, August, 1897 (M. W. Jernegan). Lomentaria rosea (Harvey) Thuret. [Chart 257.] Occasional, on stones, shells, and larger algae in deep water off exposed points. Dredged by the Survey in 4 to 13 fathoms, over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. Distribution re- stricted in the summer to the westerly portion of Vineyard Sound, chiefly off Gay Head and Sow and Pigs. 828 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Lomentaria rosea — Continued. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7593, few; 7708, one; 7709, one. Inshore — Sow and Pigs 37, few on Pkyllophora; Gay Head 45, few on Phyllophora and other algae; 56, few; 57 and 58, many; 59, few. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 291 ( Chylocladia rosea Harvey), Devils Back, Gay Head, 8 to 10 fathoms; Far- low, 1875, p. 371 ( Chylocladia rosea Harvey), Gay Head; Farlow, 1876, p.698, Gay Head; Far- low, 1881, p. 155, Gay Head; A. A. B. Ex., fas. 1, no 17, Gay Head (W. G. Farlow); P. B.-A., fas. xxv, no. 1241, off Gay Head in 7 to 12 fathoms, August 15, 1904 (B. M. Davis and Miss L. J. MacRae). Lomentaria uncinata Meneghini. (Chart 258.] Common, on stones, wharves, frequently grow- ing loosely over sand, below low-tide mark and in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in P/i to 15 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 10 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, and stony bot- toms. Distribution scattered in the upper portion of Buzzards Bay and the narrow and easterly portions of Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Entrance to Eel Pond, Grassy Ledge, Little Harbor. Weepecket (Farlow), Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7632 and 7653, few. Lower portion — 7671 and 7675, few. In- shore— Gull Island 116, few; Weepecket 108, few; Gunning Point 13 1, many; WestFalmouth 132, few; 133, one; Hog Island Point 134, many; Hog Island Harbor 135, few; North Falmouth 136, few; 137, many; 138, one; Nyes Neck 141, few; Scraggy Neck 144, few; 145, many; Bas- setts Island 146, many; Wings Neck 147 and 148, few; 150, many; off Aucoot Cove 160, few; Mishaum Point 167, few. Drifted fragments, 7628. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7734 and 7735, few. Narrow portion — 753 7 and 7548, few; 7551, one; 7557 and 7733, few; 7751, one. East- erly portion — 7757, one; 7759, few; 7760, many; 7763, 7764, 7766, 7777, 7778, 7781, and 7782, few. Inshore — passage of Woods Hole 1 18, few; Robinsons Hole 21 and 22, few; Pasque 24, one; Marthas Vineyard 61 and 64, few; 69, many; 76, few on larger alga; 7761, many; Vineyard Haven 70, 71, and 72, many; 7762, many. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 290 ( Chylocladia Baileyana Har- vey), Woods Hole, Buzzards Bay, Weepecket. Rhodymenia palma/a (Linnaeus) Greville. Dulse. [Chart 259.] Common, on stones and larger algae in fairly deep water off exposed points. Dredged by the Survey in 1 to 19 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 12 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. Distribution chiefly in the lower portion of Buzzards Bay and westerly portion of Vineyard Sound. Wharf at Gay Head. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7653, few; 7656, one. Lower portion — 7664, 7665, 7666, 7667, 7670, and 7671, few. Inshore — Sow and Pigs hi, few on mussel shells; Cuttyhunk 112, few on mussel shells. Drifted fragments, 7654, 104. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion. — 7567 , 7569, 7578,7S82. 7584, 7585. 7588,and 7591>few; 7593, few on Laminaria; 7595, 7701, 7703, and 7708, few; 7718, many on Desmarestia; 7719, one; 7720, 1 on Chondrus; 7723, few; 7724, one; 7728 and 7729, few. Narrow portion — 7530 bis, few. Easterly portion — 7755, one. Inshore — Robin- sons Hole 21 and 22, many; Pasque 25 and 26, few; QuickesHole 27, many; Sow and Pigs 36, few; Gay Head 5oand 51, few; 44, few; 45,46, and 47, many; 48, few; 59, many; 60, few: 7731 (1907), few; also off Devils Bridge, Au- gust 17, 1903, hauls 3 and 4, many; Marthas Vineyard 52, few; 7761, one. Drifted frag- ments, 7551, 7717, 15. Spring, summer, undoubtedly at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 290, Gay Head, Woods Hole. Family DelESSERIACEAJ. Delesseria sinuosa (Goodenough & Woodward) La- mouroux. [Chart 260.] Occasional, on larger algae and sometimes stones, in fairly deep water off exposed points. Dredged by the Survey in ipi to 17 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 12 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. Distribution prac- tically restricted to the lower portion of Buz- zards Bay and westerly portion of Vineyard Sound. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7664, few. In- shore— So wand Pigs in, few; Cuttyhunk 100, few on Phyllophora; Penikese 113, few. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7582, 7591, 7593, and 7595, few; 7690, 7692, and 7693, few; 7701, many; 7703, few; 7709, one; 7719, many on Phyllophora; 7720, many; 7721, 2 0.1 Phyl- lophora. Narrow portion — 39, few. Inshore — Cuttyhunk 32 and 33, many on Phyllophora; BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 829 Di lesseria sinn osa — Cont inued . 34, few on Phyllophora; Sow and Pigs 35 and 36, considerable; Gay Head 45, many; 46, few; 56, 57, and 58, many; 7731, one; alsooff Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, haul 1, few; hauls 2 and 3, many. Summer, probably at other seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 289, Gay Head, No Mans Land. Grinnellia americana (Agardh) Harvey. [Chart 261.] Common, on stones, shells, and wharves below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 19 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 12 fath- oms), over sandy, shelly, stony, and muddy bottoms. Very widely distributed throughout both the Bay and Sound. Woods Hole: Government wharves Little Har- bor. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion — 7615, 2 on sulphur sponges; 7621, many; 7624 and 7625, few; 7628 and 7629, many; 7630, 7632, 7634, 7635, and 7639, few; 7648, many; 7649 and 7653, few; Lower portion — 7660 and 7661, few; 7663, many; 7670, one; 7671, many; 7675, few. Inshore — Cove west of Cuttyhunk Neck July 27, 1905, many; Penikese 114, few; Gull Island 116, many; Nashawena 80, many on Crepidula shells; Pasque 84, many; 85, few; Naushon 90, few on Phyllophora ); Uncatena 117, few on Phyllophora; Weepeckets 108, many on Phyl- lophora; Penzance 123, many; 124, one; Quis- set 126, one; 130, few; Gunning Point 131, few; West Falmouth 132 and 133, few; Hog Island Point 134, many; Hog Island Harbor 135, few; North Falmouth 136, many; 137, few; Scraggy Neck 144, few; Bassetts Island 146, few; Wings Neck 147, few; 148, many; 150, Order CRYP' Family GeoiosiphoniacEAL Gloiosiphonia capillaris (Hudson) Carmichael. Occasional. Mattapoisett (F. S. Collins). May 30, 1905 (Collins). Family N EmastomaceaJ. Nemastoma Bairdii Farlow. Rare. Known only from a single specimen washed ashore at Gay Head in August, 1871 (Farlow). Farlow, 1873, p. 290 ( Nemalion multifidum J. Agardh), “a specimen bearing tetraspores picked up at Gay Head”; Farlow, 1875, p. 372 ( Nemastoma ? Bairdii n. sp.), Gay Head; Farlow, 1876, p. 702 (? Nemastoma Bairdii Farlow), Gay Head; Farlow, 1881, p. 142 ( Nemastoma ? Bairdii Farlow), Gay Head. Grinnellia americana — Continued . two; Great Hill 154, few; Cromeset Neck 158, many; Wareham River 155 and 156, few; Sconticut Neck 163 and 164, few; Mishaum Point 167, few. Drifted fragments, 7620, 7645, 7647, 145. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7575, 7576, and 7589, few 7724, one; 7725, few; 7727, one; 7729, few; 7730, one; 7734 and 7735, many; 7736; one. Narrow portion — 7521, one; 7521 (1907), and 7525 bis, few; 7527, fewon sulphur sponges; 7531 bis and 7536, few; 7537, 7539, 7540, one each; 7541, few; 7542, many; 7546 and 7547, few; 7549, one; 7551, 7553, 7554, 7556 bis, 7557, 7559> 756°- 7S62 and 7732> few; 7733. very many; 7737, one; 7741, one; 7753, few. Easterly portion — 7755, few; 7756, one; 7758, one; 7759, 7760, 7763, 7764, 7766, 7767, 7768, 7771, 7772, 7774, and 7775, few; 7776, one; 7777, 7778, 7779, 7780, 7781, 7782, and 7783, few. Inshore — pas- sage of Woods Hole 122, few; Great Ledge, Woods Hole 4, two; Nonamesset 1, 2, and 3, few; 8, many; Naushon 5 and 7, many; 9, few; Tarpaulin Cove 17, few; also July 18, 1903, haul, 1 few; Pasque 25, few; Cuttyhunk 33, few; Gay Head 49, one; 56, many; 7581, one; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, haul 3, few, haul 4, many; Menemsha Bight 53 and 54, few; Marthas Vineyard 55 and 61, few; 63, many; 64, few; 65, many; 66 and 67, few; 77, many; 7761, few; Vineyard Haven 70 and 71, many; 72, few; 7762, many on shells. Drifted fragments 7544, 7548, 7561. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 288, Woods Hole, Edgartown, Buzzards Bay; A. A. B. Ex., fas. n, no. 64, Woods Hole (W. G. Farlow). DNEMIALES. Family RhizophyludacE^. Polyides rotundus (Gmelin) Greville. [Chart 262.] Common, on stones in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in i>^ to 15 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 10 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms, occasionally over mud. A scattered distribution in both Bay and Sound, but not present in the extreme upper portions of Buzzards Bay. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7659, many; 7660 and 7666, few. Inshore — Cuttyhunk 100 and 101, few; Penikese 113, many; 114, few; Gull Island 115, few; 116, many; Nashawena 78, 79, and 81, few; Pasque 82, few; 83, many; 84 and 85, few; Naushon 86 and 91, many; Wee- peckets 108, few; 109, one; Hog Island Point 134, one. Drifted fragments 7613, 7652. 830 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. Polyides rotundus — Continued. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7701, one: 7717, few. Narrow portion — 7526 (1907), few; 7532 bis, one; 7533 bis, few; 7536, one; 7541 bis, few; 7548, one; 7560, few; 7749, one; 7751, one; 7752, many. Easterly portion — 7759, 7766 and 7581 (1907), few. Inshore — Nonamesset 1 and 3, few; Pasque 24, many, 25, few; Nashawena3o and3i,many; Cuttyhunk 32, 33, and34,many; 38, few; Gay Head 44, few; 46, 47, and 48, many; 56, 57, 58 and 60, few; 7581 (1907), few; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, hauls 1 and 2, few; Marthas Vineyard 55, 62, 68, 69, 73, 74, and 77, few; 7761, one. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 290, Gay Head. Family Sq u am ari ac E/£ . Rhododermis Georgii (Batters) Collins. (Taxo- nomic position uncertain). Abundant, on Zostera in company with Myrio- nema vulgar e, Hecatonema maculans, etc. Woods Hole: Little Harbor (Collins). April 23, 1905 (Collins). Collins, 1906b, p. 160, Woods Hole. P. B.-A., fas. xxvi, no. 1299, Woods Hole, April 23, 1905 (F. S. Collins). Family CorallinacE/E. Corallina officinalis Linnaeus. [Chart 263.] Common, on stones and rocks below low-tide mark and in fairly deep waters. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 13X fathoms (most plen- tiful in 4 to 10 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. Distribution chiefly in the lower portion of Buzzards Bay and westerly portion of Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Juniper Point, Buzzards Bay shore. Nobska. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7663, many. In- shore— Sow and Pigs in, many; Cuttyhunk 100, 101, and 112, few; Penikese 113, few; Gull Island 116, many; Weepecket 108, few. Drifted fragments, 82, 83, 99. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7566, 7583, and 7596, few. Narrow portion — 7531 bis, many. Inshore — Robinsons Hole 20, two; 21, few; Quicks Hole 29, few; Nashawena3o, many; Cuttyhunk 32, 34, and 38, many; Sow and Pigs 35, few; 36, many; 37, few; Gay Head 44 and 45, few; 47, many; 48, few; 56 and 57, many; 58 and 60, few; 7581, few; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, hauls 1 and 2, few; Marthas Vineyard 52 and 63 few. Drifted fragments, 39- 7726- Summer, winter, undoubtedly at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 288, Woods Hole, Gay Head. Hildenbrandia prototypus Nardo. (Taxonomic po- sition uncertain.) [Chart 264.] Common, on stones and rocks near low-tide mark and in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in ip£ to 14 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 10 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. A scattered distribution in both Bay and Sound, chiefly at inshore stations. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Juniper Point, Buz- zards Bay shore. Nobska. Tarpaulin Cove. Black Rock. Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Sow and Pigs hi, many; Cuttyhunk 102, few; Gull Island 116, many: Pasque 82, few; Naushon 91, few; Hog Island Point 134, many; Cataumet Harbor 142, few. Vineyard Sound: Narrow portion — 7533 bis, few; 7544 bis, 7546 bis, and 7547 bis, many; 7747, few. Easterly portion — 7757, 7759, 7760, 7766, 7777» 7778, and 7780, few. Inshore — Robinsons Hole 21 and 22, many; Quicks Hole 28, few; Gay Head 58 and 59, many; also off Devils Bridge August 17, 1903, hauls 3 and 4, many; Menemsha Bight July 17, 1905, haul 1, one; haul 3, few; Marthas Vineyard 62 and 63, few; 65, many; 66, few; 69, many; 73, many; 74 and 77, few; Vineyard Haven 70, few. Summer, undoubtedly at all seasons. Farlow, 1873, p. 290 (Hildenbrandtia rubraMene- ghini), Woods Hole. Lithoihamnion polymorphum (Linnaeus) Areschoug. [Chart 265.] Common, on stones and shells in fairly deep wa- ter. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 15 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 10 fathoms), over sandy, shelly, and stony bottoms. A scattered distri- bution in both Bay and Sound. Buzzards Bay: Upper portion— 7621, one. Lower portion — 7659, few. Inshore — Sow and Pigs hi, many; Gull Island 116, many; Nashawena 81, one; Pasque 85, one; Weepeckets 108, few; Penzance 123, many; Ouisset 128, many; West Falmouth 132, many; Hog Island Point 134, many; Mishaum Point 167, many. Vineyard Souftd : Narrow portion — 7524 bis, 7525 bis, 7533 bis, many; 7534, few; 7534 bisand 7535 bis, many; 7539 and 7539 bis, few; 7544 bis, many; 7752, few. Easterly portion — 7757, few; 7760, many; 7763 (1907), 7764, 7766, 7767, 7769, 7772, and 7778, few. Inshore — Nonamesset 3, few; Naushon 5, one; Robinsons Hole 21, many; Quicks Hole 28, one; Sow and Pigs 35, few; Gay Head 57, 58, 59, and 60, many; Mar- thas Vineyard 52, few on shells; 62, 63, 65, 66, 69, 73, 74, and 77, few; Vineyard Haven 70 few. Summer, winter, undoubtedly at all seasons. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 831 Melobesiafarinosa Lamouroux. Common, on Fucus vesiculosus, Chondrus, Phyl- lophora, and Zostera, at low-tide mark and in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in t,]/2 to 11% fathoms, over sandy and stony bot- toms. A scattered distribution at inshore sta- tions along Marthas Vineyard. Woods Hole: Juniper Point. Nobska. Gay Head. Vineyard Sound: Inshore, Gay Head 57 and 58, many on Chondrus and Phyllophora; Marthas Vineyard 69, 75, and 76 many on Zostera. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 180, 181, Woods Hole; P. B.-A., fas. iv, no. 200, Woods Hole, August 13, 1895 (W. A. Setchell and W. J. V. Osterhout). Mclobesia Lejolisii Rosanoff. Very common, on Zostera both in shallow and fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to i2}4 fathoms, over sandy, stony, and muddy bottoms. A scattered distribution in Vineyard Sound where Zostera is found, un- doubtedly also present along the shore of Buz- zards Bay. Woods Hole: Grassy Ledge, Eel Pond, Little Harbor. Quisset Harbor. Tarpaulin Cove. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7728 and 7729, many. Narrow portion — 7525 bis, many. Easterly portion — 7777 and 7779, many; 7780 and 7782, few. Inshore — Great Ledge, Woods Hole, 4, many; Quicks Hole 29, many; Menem- sha Bight, August 9, 1904, abundant; Marthas Vineyard 61, 62, and 63, many; 64, few; 67, 69, 73, 75, and 76, many; 77, few; Vineyard Haven 70 and 72, few. Drifted fragments, 7543 bis, 7565 bis, 7737, 57, 59. Summer. Farlow, 1881, p. 180, Woods Hole. Melobesia membranacea (Esper) Lamouroux. Occasional, on Chondrus and Phyllophora in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in Melobesia membranacea — Continued. 1,14 to 10 fathoms, over sandy and stony bot- toms. Distribution chiefly in the lower por- tion of Buzzards Bay and westerly portion of Vineyard Sound. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7672, many on Chondrus. Inshore — Sow and Pigs in, many on Chondrus and Phyllophora; Cuttyhunk 100, many on Phyllophora; 103, few. Vineyard Sound: Narrow portion — 7739, few on Phyllophora. Inshore — Gay Head 56, 57, and 58, many on Chondrus and Phyllophora; Marthas Vineyard 63 and 65, few on Phyllo- phora. Summer. Melobesia pustulata Lamouroux. Common, on Ascophyllum, Chondrus, and Phyl- lophora, at low-tide mark and in fairly deep water. Dredged by the Survey in i>) to 14 fathoms, over sandy, shelly, and stony bot- toms. Distribution chiefly off Cuttyhunk, Sow and Pigs, and Gay Head, but also in. the easterly portion of Vineyard Sound. Woods Hole: Little Harbor. Tarpaulin Cove. Weepecket (Farlow). Buzzards Bay: Inshore — Cuttyhunk 112, many. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7582, many on Chondrus. Easterly portion — 7764 and 7765, few; 7768 and 7770, many on Chondrus. In- shore— Cuttyhunk 32, 34, and 38, many on Chondrus; Sow and Pigs 36, many on Chondrus; Gay Head 44, few; 45, 46, 47, and 49, many on Chondrus and Phyllophora; 57, few on Chon- drus and Phyllophora; also off Devils Bridge, August 17, 1903, hauls 3 and 4, many on Chon- drus. Summer. Farlow, 1873, p. 288, Woods Hole, Gay Head, Weepecket; P. B.-A., fas. vi, no. 300, Little Harbor, Woods Hole, July 31, 1895 (W. A. Setchell). DISTRIBUTION OF ZOSTERA MARINA IN THE DEEPER WATERS OF BUZZARDS BAY AND VINE- YARD SOUND. Zostera marina Linnaeus. Eelgrass. [Chart 266.] Abundant, in quiet shallow waters along the shore. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 13 fathoms, over sandy, stony, and muddy bottoms. Distribution in the deeper waters chiefly at inshore stations along Marthas Vineyard, but scattered in other portions of Vineyard Sound, and also in Buzzards Bay. Woods Hole: Shallow water of Great and Little Harbors, Eel Pond, Grassy Ledge, Ram Island, Devils Foot Island. Hadley Harbor. Quisset Harbor. Tarpaulin Cove. Menemsha Bight. Cutty- hunk Harbor. Buzzards Bay: Lower portion — 7663, much; 7674 and 7675, few. Inshore — Cuttyhunk Harbor 104, much; Uncatena 117, few; West Falmouth 136 and 137, few. Drifted fragments, 7633, 7651 (1907), 7653. 7657. 7458- 79- !05. 150. IS1- 152. J53’ IS6' U8, 161. 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 19 832 bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. Vineyard Sound: Westerly portion — 7728 and 7729, few. Narrow portion — 7525 bis, few. Easterly portion — 7777, 7778, 7779, 7780 and 7781, much; 7782 and 7783, few. Inshore — Great Ledge, Woods Hole 4, few; Tarpaulin Cove 17, few; also July 18, 1903, haul 1, much; Quicks Hole 29, few; Marthas Vineyard 61, 62, and 63, much; 64, few; 65, much; 66, few; 67, much; 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, and 77, few. Menemsha Bight August 9, 1904, much. Drifted fragments 7S43bis, 7546, 7547, 7548, 7551 7557. 7562, 7565bis, 7588, 7731, 7733, 7737. 7740, 7775, 57, 59. Summer, the creeping stems living throughout the winter. MARINE ALG.E WHICH MAY BE EXPECTED IN THE WATERS OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. There is given below a list of marine algae which have been reported sufficiently near to the region covered by this survey, and under sufficiently similar life conditions, to indicate that they are likely to be found sooner or later in the waters of Woods Hole or vicinity. Cyanophyceaj : Dermocarpa violacea Crouan. Lyngbya lutea (Agardh) Gomont. Lyngbya subtilis Holden. Nodularia spumigena var. litorea (Kiitzing) Bornet & Thuret. Plectonema terebrans Bornet & Flahault. Rivularia Biasolettiana Meneghini. Spirulina Meneghiniana Zanardini. ChlorophycejE: Chlorocystis Cohnii (Wright) Reinhart. Enteromorpha marginala J. Agardh. Entoderma Wittrockii (Wille) Lagerheim. Monostroma latissimum (Kiitzing) Wittrock. Urospora penicilliformis (Roth) Areschoug. PhjEophyceaj : Ectocarpus dasycar pus Kuckuck. Halothrix lumbricalis (Kiitzing) Reinke. Myrioirichia clavceformis Harvey. Rkadinocladia cylindrica Schuh. RhodophyceE: Bangia ciliaris Carmichael. Melobesia Corallines Crouan. BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR FLORAL CATALOGUE. The following is a list of references in the Catalogue to the occurrence of marine plant species at Woods Hole and vicinity. Collins, F. S.: 1884. Notes on New England marine algae, IV. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, vol. xi, p. 130. New York. 1890. Brachytrichia Quoyii (Ag.) Bornet and Flahault. Ibid., vol. xvn, p. 175. 1891. Notes on New England marine algae, V. Ibid., vol. xvm, p. 335. 1896a. Notes on New England marine algae, VI. Ibid., vol. xxm, p. 1. 1896b. Notes on New England marine algae, VII. Ibid., vol. xxm, p. 458. 1899. To seaweed collectors. Rhodora, vol. 1, p. 121. Boston. 1900. Preliminary lists of New England plants. V. Marine algae. Ibid., vol. 11, p. 41. 1903. Notes on algae, VI. Ibid., vol. v, p. 231. 1906a. Notes on algae, VII. Ibid., vol. vm, p. 122. 1906b. Notes on algae, VIII. Ibid., vol. vm, p. 157. 1906c. Acrochaetium and Chantransia in North America. Ibid., vol. vm, p. 189. 1908. Two new species of Acrochaetium. Ibid., vol. x, p. 133. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 833 Farlow, W. G. : 1873. List of the seaweeds or marine algae of the south coast of New England. Report U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries, 1871-72, p. 281. Washington. 1875. List of the marine algae of the United States. Proceedings American Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. x, p. 351. Boston. 1876. List of the marine algae of the United States. Report U. S. Commission of Fish and Fish- eries, 1874-75, p. 691. Washington. 1881. The marine algae of New England. Ibid., 1879, p. 1-210, pi. i-xv. 1882. Notes on New England algae. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, vol. ix, p. 65. New York. 1893. Notes on some algae in the herbarium of the Long Island Historical Society. Ibid., vol. xx, p. 107. Hervey, A. B.: 1882. Arthrocladia villosa, Duby. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, vol. ix, p. 126. New York. Peters, J. E. : 1885. Arthrocladia villosa, Duby. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, vol. xn, p. 62. New York. Schuh, R. E. : 1900a. Rhadinocladia, a new genus of brown algae. Rhodora, vol. 11, p. in. Boston. 1900b. Notes on two rare algae of Vineyard Sound. Ibid., vol. 11, p. 206. 1901. Further notes on Rhadinocladia. Ibid., vol. hi, p. 218. Setchell, W. A. : 1896. Notes on Cyanophyceae. I. Erythea, vol. iv, p. 87. 1899. Notes.on Cyanophyceae. III. Ibid., vol. vn, p. 45. 1900. Critical notes on the New England species of Laminaria. Rhodora, vol. n, p. 115 and 142. Boston. PUBLISHED SETS OF ALGAL Collins, F. S., Holden, I., and Setchell, W. A. Phycotheca Boreali-Americana. Malden. Farlow, W. G., Anderson, C. L., and Eaton, D. C. Algae Americanae Boreales Exsiccatae. Cambridge. WlTTROCK, V., AND NORDSTEDT, O. Algae Aquae Dulcis Exsiccatae. Lund. I' INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. [Synonyms in italics.] Abietinaria abietina Abudcfduf saxatilis Acanthias amencanus Acanthobothrium coronatum Acanthobothrium paulum Acanthocephala Acanthocheilus nidifex A canihocottus ceneus Acanthocottus groendlandicus A canihocottus ododecimspinosus . . Acanthocottus variabilis Acanthodoris pilosa Acartia tonsa Achims fasciatus Achirus lineatus A chirus mollis Achrochaete repens Acilius fratemus Aeineta divisa Acineta tuberosa Acinetidae A cipenser brevirostns Acipenser brevirostrum Acipenseridae A cipenser oxyrhynchus Acipenser studio Acmaea alveus Acmaea testudinalis Acmaeidae Acroblaste Reinschii Acrochaetium Dasyae Acrochaetium Daviesii Acrochaetium minimum Acrochaetium secundatum Acrochaetium virgatulum Acrocirrus leidyi Acteonidae Acteon puncto-striatus Actinococcus aggregatus Actinococcus peltaeformis Actinococcus subcutaneus Actinophrys sol Actinopoda Actinozoa Adelochorda Mgina longicornis iEginella longicornis Mginella longicornis spinosissima, Mlunchthys mannus ASolidiadae JSolidia papillosa Molis Bosloniensis Molis despeda Molis gymnota Mohs papillosa Mohs pilata Mohs salmonacea Aiquorea albida Mquorea tenuis ASquoreidae Avschna iEtea anguina tage. iEteidae 597 Agalma elegans 575 Agalmidae 575 Agamonema capsularia 592 Agamonema papilligerus 592 Agardhiella tenera 825 Agarum Tumeri 8io> Aglantha conica 574 Aglantha digitalis 574 Aglaophenia arborea 574 Aglaophenia minuta 573 Aglaophenia struthionoides 574 Aglauridae 574 Ahnf eldtia plicata 823 Alaria esculenta 810 Albula vulpes 741 Albulidae 741 Alca torda 775 Alcidae 775 Alcyoniidae 576 Alcyonidiidae 605 Alcyonidium gelatinosum 606 Alcyonidium hirsutum 606 Alcyonidium hispidum 605 Alcyonidium my tili 606 Alcyonidium parasiticum 6o9 Alcyonidium ramosum 605 Alcyonidium rubrum 606 Alcyonidium verrilli 605 Alcyonium carneum 576 Alderia harvardiensis 706 Alebioii glaber 642 Alebion glabrum ; 642 Alebion gracile 642 Alebion gracilis 642 Alectis ciliaris 752 Alectryonidae 708 Alexia myosotis 706 Algae 797 Aligena elevata 689 Alle alle 776 Allorchestes littoralis 648 Alopias vulpes 736 Alopiidae 736 Alosa menhaden 742 Alosa sapidissima 742 Alteutha depressa 639 A lutera cuspicauda 762 Alutera monoceros 762 Alutera schoepfii 762 Amage pusilla 628 Amarcccium constellatum 733 Amaroecium pallidum 732 Amarcecium pellcidum 732 A maroecium stellatum 733 Amaroucium glabrum 733 Amaroucium pallidum 732 Amaroucium pellucidum 732 Amaroucium pellucidum constellatum 733 Amaroucium stellatum 733 Amathia dichotoma 6c6 Amraochares artifex 626 Page. 573 759 737 585 585 594 592 764 764 764 764 705 638 773 773 773 801 676 556 556 556 740 740 740 740 740 727 727 727 802 813 813 813 813 813 626 703 703 823 823 823 552 552 576 728 656 656 656 740 705 705 706 705 705 705 705 706 571 571 571 676 597 835 836 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES Ammocharidae Ammodvtes americanus. . . . Ammodytes dubius Ammodytidae Ammotheidae Ammotrypane fimbriata. . . Amoebaea Amoeba guttula Amour oucium constellatum. . Amour oucium stellatuvi Ampelisca agassizi Ampelisca compressa Ampelisca macrocephala. . . Ampelisca spinipes Ampeliscidae Ampharete gracilis Ampharete setosa Ampharetidae Amphictcnidae Amphidinium operculatum. Amphineura Amphinome pallasii Amphinomidae Amphioplus abdita Amphipholis elcgans Amphipholis squamata Amphipoda Amphiporidae Amphiporus bioculatus Amphiporus cruentatus. . . . Amphiporus glutinosus .... Amphiporus ochraceus A mphiporus vires ecus Amphisia kessleri Amphithoe compta Amphithoe longimana Amphithoe maculata Amphithoe rubricata Amphithoe valida Amphithrix violacea Amphitrite attenuata Amphitrite brunnea Amphitrite cirrata Amphitrite ornata Amphiura abdita Amphiuridae Anabaena torulosa Anachis avara Anachis similis Anaitis formosa Anaitis picta A naiiis speciosa Anaperus gardineri Anaphia Anarhicliadidae Anarhichas lupus A nas boscas A nas obscura Anas platyrliynchos Anas rubripes Anatidae Anatina papyracea Anax junius Anchorella uncinata Anchovia argyrophanus . . . Anchovia brownii Anchovia mitchilli Anemonia sagassensis Page. Anguilla bo stoniensis 74Q A nguilla chrysypa . 74Q Anguilla rostrata 74Q Anguillidae 74Q Anguinella palmata. 606 Angulus modestus 694 Angulus tenellus 694 Angulus tener 694 Anisonema vitrea 553 Annulata 615 Anomalocera pattersonii 638 Anomia aculeata 679 A nomia electrica 678 Anomia ephippium 678 Anomia glabra 678 Anomia simplex 678 Anomiidae 678 Anonyx nobilis 649 Anonyx nugax 648 Anoplobranchus sanguineous 628 Anoplodactylus lentus 677 Anoplophrya branchiarum 554 Antennariidae 774 Antennularia americana 573 Antennularia antennina 573 Antheacheridae 643 Antheidae 577 Anthobothrium laciniatum 585 Anthobothrium pulvinatum 585 Anthocephalum gracile 585 Anthophysa formosa 575 Anthophysidae 575 Anthosoma crassum 643 Anthostoma acutum 623 Antho stoma fragile 624 Anthostoma robustum 624 A nthura branchiata 658 Anthur a brunnea 658 Anthura polita 653 A nthura tenuis 658 Anthuridae 658 Antithamnion americanum 814 Antithamnion cruciatum 814 Antithamnion cruciatum var. radicans 814 Antithamnion plumula 814 Antithamnion pylaisaei 815 Anurida maritima 675 Apeltes quadracus 746 Aphanostoma aurantiacum 5S0 Aphanostoma dr versicolor 580 Apherusa gracilis 651 Aphrodita aculeata 619 Aphrodita hastata 619 Aphroditidae 6i9 Aplidium pallidum 732 Aplysia willcoxi 704 Aplysiidae 7°4 A pogon americanus 755 Apogon imberbus 755 Apogon maculatus 755 Appendicularia 734 Appendiculariidae 734 Arabella opalina 622 Arabella spinifera 622 Arachnida 676 Arbacia punctulata 61 1 Arbaciidae 61 1 Area campechiensis pexata 685 Page. 626 748 748 748 677 629 549 549 733 733 650 650 650 650 650 628 62S 628 628 554 702 619 619 610 610 610 647 591 592 592 592 59i 59i • 555 654 654 • 653 653 653 799 626 . 626 626 . 626 610 . 610 798 710 . 712 616 616 616 . 581 677 . 768 . 768 778 778 • 778 778 • 778 699 . 676 644 743 742 743 • 577 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. 837 Page Area pexata 685 Area ponderosa 683 Area transversa 684 Archosargus pr^batocephalus 758 Arcidae 683 Arcularia vibex 710 Arenaeus cribrarius 672 A renicola crista ta 630 A renicola marina 630 Arenicolidse 630 Argentinidae 743 Argina pexata 685 Argulidae 640 Argulus alosae 640 Argulus fund ili 640 Argulus laticauda 640 Argulus latus 640 Argulus megalops 640 Argyreiosus capillar is 753 Aricia omata 623 Ariciidae 623 Artacolax saetiger 640 Artemia gracilis 636 Arthrocladia villosa 807 Arthropod a 636 Ascaris acanthocaudata 592 Ascaris adunca 592 Ascaris brevicapitata 592 Ascaris capsularia 592 Ascaris clavata 592 Ascaris habena 593 Ascaris increscens 593 Ascaris incurva 593 Ascaris inquies 593 Ascaris neglecta 593 Ascaris rigida 593 Ascaris rotundata 593 Ascidia carnea 730 Ascidia complanata 730 Ascidiidae 730 Ascidia manhatten sis 729 Ascidia tenella 730 Ascoclyclus orbicularis 804 Asconidae. . .e 556 Ascophyllum nodosum 81 1 Ascortisfragilis 556 Asperococcus echinatus 806 Aspidisca hexeris 555 Aspidisca polystyla 555 Assiminea grayana 721 Assiminea modesta 721 Assimineidae 721 Astarte castanea 6S8 Astarte quadrans 688 A starte sulcata 6S7 Astarte undata 687 A starte undata lutea 687 Astartidae 687 Astasia contorta 553 Astasiidae 553 A stcrias arenicola 608 Asterias austera 608 Asterias f orbesi 608 Asterias tenera 609 Asterias vulgaris 609 Asteriidae 608 Asteroidea 607 Astraeidae 578 Astrangia danae A strophyton A gassizii Astrorhiza limicola Astrorhizidae Astyris lunata Astyris rosacea Astyris zonalis Atherinidse Athlennes hians Atylidae Aurelia flavidula Auriculidae Autolytus cornutus Autolytus emertoni ....... Autolytus mirabilis Autolytus ornatus Autolytus varians Autonoe smithi Auxis thazard Aves Axiidae Axius serratus Balaena glacialis Balaenidae Balaenoptera acuto-rostrata Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus Balanidae Balanoglossus aurantiacus. Balanoglossus Kowalevskii. . Balanus amphitrite Balanus balanoides Balanus crenatus Balanus eburneus Balanus hameri Balanus porcatus Balanus tintinnabulum. . . . Balistes carolinensis Balistes forcipatus Balistes poiselli Balistes vetula Balistidae Bangiaceae Bangia ciliaris Bangia fusco-purpurea Bangiales Barentsia discreta Barentsia major Barnea costata Barnea truncata Batea secunda Bateida? Bathyluca Solaris Batrachoididae Balrachus tau Bdelloura Candida Bdelloura propinqua Bdellouridae Bela harpularia Bela pleurotomaria Bela plicala Belone latimanus Belone longirostris Belone truncata Beroe cucumis Beroe ovata Beroidae , Berosus peregrinus Page. 578 610 549 549 712 712 713 747 745 651 575 706 616 616 615 616 615 653 749 775 666 666 780 780 781 781 781 644 728 728 644 646 646 645 646 646 644 761 761 761 761 761 813 832 813 813 596 59^ 701 701 651 651 575 767 767 580 580 580 707 707 707 745 744 744 579 579 579 676 838 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES Bicellaria ciliata Bicellariidae Bidessus diseretus Biloculina elongata Biloculina ringens Biloculina ringens striatella Biloculina tubulosa Bittiura alternatum Bittium greenii Bittium nigrum Blepharichthys crinitus Bodo caudatus Bodo globosus Bodonidae Bodotriidae Bolina alata Bolinidae Bolivina punctata Boltenia burkhardti Boltenia ovifera Bomolochus teres Bopyridae Boreoscala groenlandica Bostrichobranchus molguloides, Bothus maculatus Botryllidae Botryllus gouldii Botryllus schlosseri Bougainvillia autumnalis Bougainvillia carolinensis Bougainvillia gibbsi Bougainvillia superciliaris Bougainvilliidae Bowerbankia gracilis Bowerbankia gracilis caudata . . Brachiella ramosa Brachiella rostrata Brachiella thynni Brachytrichia Quoyi Brada setosa Brama raii Bramidae Branehellion ravenelii Branchiobdella ravenelii Branchipodidae Branta bernicla glaucogastra. . . Branta canadensis Branta nigricans Brevoortia menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus Brosrne brosme Brosmius brosme Bryopsidaceae Bryopsis hypnoides Bryopsis plumosa Bryozoa Buccinidae Buccinum cinereum Buccinum undatum Buccinum vibex Bugula avicularia Bugula cucullifera Bugula flabellata Bugula flustroides Bugula gracilis uncinata Bugula murrayana Bugula turrita Bulbocoleon piliferum Page. Buliminidae 551 Bulla oryza 703 Bulla solitaria 704 Bullidae 704 Bursaridae 554 Busycon canaliculatum 707 Busycon carica 708 Byblis agassizi 650 Byblis serrata 650 Caberea ellisii 598- Caecidae 718 Caecum cooperi 718 Caecum costatum 718 Caecum johnsoni 71& Caecum pulchellum 718 Calanidae 638 Calanus finmarchicus 638 Calappa flammea 669 Calappa marmorata 669 Calappidae 669 Calatkura brachiata 658 Calathura branchiata 658 Caligidae 641 Caligodes megacephalus 642 Caligus belones 641 Caligus bonito 641 Caligus chelifer 641 Caligus curtus 641 Caligus mutabilis 641 Caligus pelamydis 641 Caligus rapax 641 Caligus rufimaculatus 641 Caligus schistonyx 641 Callianassa stimpsoni 666 Callianassidae 666 Callinectes hastatus 672 Callinectes sapidus 672 Calliobothrium eschrichtii 585 Calliobothrium verticillatum 585 Calliopiidae 651 Calliopius laeviusculus 651 Calliopius rathkei 651 Callista convexa ^. ... . 692 Callithamnion Baileyi 815 Callithamnion Baileyi var. laxum 815 Callithamnion Borreri 81S Callithamnion byssoideum 815 Callithamnion corymbosum 815 Callithamnion cruciatum 814 Callithamnion Dietziae 815 Callithamnion plumula 814 Callithamnion Pylaisaei 815 Callithamnion roseum 815 Callithamnion seirospermum Callithamnion tetragon um . . Callithamnion Turner i S18 Callithamnion versicolor 818 Callocardia morrhuana 692 Calothrix aeruginea 799 Calothrix confervicola 799 Calothrix crustacea 799 Calothrix fusco-violacea 799 Calothrix parasitica 799 Calothrix pulvinata 799 Calothrix scopulorum 799 Calycella nuttingi 57* Calycella syringa 57* Page. 598 598 676 550 550 550 55° 717 717 717 752 553 552 552 661 579 579 55i 730 730 640 661 714 729 773 73i 73i 73i 563 563 563 563 562 606 606 644 644 644 799 630 754 754 635 635 636 780 780 780 742 742 771 771 804 804 804 595 708 713 708 710 599 599 599 599 599 599 598 801 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. 839 Calyptospadix eerulea Calyptraeidae Calyptrobothrium minus Calyptrobothrium occidental Campanularia amphora Campanularia angulata Campanularia calceolifera Campanularia edwardsi Campanularia flexuosa Campanularia hincksii Campanularia minuta Campanularia neglecta Campanularia poterium Campanularia verticillata Campanularia volubilis Campanulariidae Campanulinidae Cancer borealis Cancer irroratus Cancridae Canthidermis asperrimus Canthidermis sobaco Capitella gracilis Capitellidae Caprella acutifrons Caprella geometrica Caprella linearis Caprellidae Carangidae Carangus bartholomaei Carangus crysos Carangus hippos Caranx bartholomcei Caranx chrysus Caranx crysos Caranx hippos Carcharhinus limbatus Carcharhinus milberti Carcharhinus obscurus Carcharias littoralis C archarias obscurus Carchariidae Car char odon atwoodi Carcharodon carcharias Carcinides maenas Carcinonemertes carcinophila . Carcinonemertidae Carcinus granulatus Carcinus mcenas Cardiidae Cardita borealis Carditidae Cardium ciliatum Cardium pinnulatum Caretta caretta Carinella pellucida Carinellidae Carinogammarus mucronatus . Carinoma tremaphoros Carinomidae Castagnea virescens Castagnea Zosterae Caudina arenata Carolina gymnota Cavolina tridentata Cavolina trispinosa Cavolinidas Cecrops atreillii Page. 563 721 585 585 569 569 569 569 569 568 569 569 568 569 568 568 57i 672 671 671 761 761 629 629 657 657 657 656 751 752 752 752 752 75 2 752 752 736 735 735 736 735 736 737 737 672 591 591 672 672 690 687 687 691 690 774 590 590 652 590 590 809 809 614 705 703 703 703 643 Cellepora americana Cellepora canaliculata Cellepora ramulosa Cellepora scabra Cellularia peachii Cellular ia ternata Cellularia turrita Cellulariidae Centrolophidae Centrolophus niger Centroloplius pompilus Centropages hamatus Centropages typicus Centropagidae Centroprisles alrarius Centropristes striatus Centroprisles varius Centroprislis fucus Centroprislis nigricans Cephalacanthidae Cephalacanthus volitans. . . Cephalopoda Cephalothrix linearis Cephalotrichidae Cepphus grylle Ceramiaceae Ceramiales Ceramium arachnoideum . . . Ceramium botryocarpum . . Ceramium capri-cornu Ceramium diaphanum Ceramium fastigiatum Ceramium pedicellatum . . . Ceramium rubrum Ceramium strictum Ceramium tenuissimum . . . Cerapus minax Cerapus rubricornis Cerapus tabularis Cerapus tubularis Ceratacanthus auraniiacus . . Ceratium fusus Ceratium tripos Ceratopogon Cerebratulus fuscus Cerebratulus lacteus Cerebratulus leidyi Cerebratulus luridus Cerebratulus marginatus. . . Cerianthidae Cerianthus americanus Cerithiidae Cerithiopsidae Cerithiopsis emersonii Cerithiopsis greenii Cerithiopsis terebralis Cerithium greenii Cerithium terebrale Ceronia arctata Cestidae Cestoda Cestus veneris Cetorhinidae Cetorhinus maximus Chcenopsetta oblonga Chaznopsetta ocellar is Chaetangiaceae Chaetinopoma greenlandica Page- 603 603 603 605 598 598 598 598 754 754 754 638 638 638 756 756 756 756 756 766 766 727 590 590 775 814 814 817 816 816 817 816 816 816 817 817 655 655 655 655 762 553 553 676 591 591 590 591 591 576 576 717 717 ' 717 717 717 717 717 698 579 585 579 737 737 772 771 814 631 840 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. Chcetobranchus sanguineous Chaetodipterus faber Chaetodon bricei Chaetodon capistratus Chaetodon ocellatus Chaetodon striatus Chaetodontidae Chaetognatha Chaetomorpha aerea Chaetomorpha Linum Chcetomorpha liloria Chaetomorpha melagonium Chcetomorpha Picquotiana Chaetomorpha sutoria . ' Chcetomorpha. torluosa Chaetophoraceae Chaetopleura apiculata Chaetopoda Chaetopteridae Chaetopterus pergamentaceus Chalina arbuscula Chalina oculata Chamaesiphonaceae Champia parvula Chantransia corymbifera Chantransia Daviesii Chantransia efflorescens var. Thuretii Chantransia secundata Charitonetta albeola Charybdea verrucosa Charybdeidae Cheilodipteridae Cheloniidae Chelura terebrans Cheluridae Chelydra serpentina Chelydridae Chemes oblongus Childia spinosa Chilichthys turgidus Chiliferidae Chilodon cucullulus Chilomycterus antillarum Chilomycterus geometricus Chilomycterus schoepfi Chiridotea caeca Chiridotea tuftsii Chironectes Icevigatus Chironomus halophilus Chirostoma notata Chiton apiculatus Chiton ruber Chlamydodontidae Chlorhaemidae Chloridella empusa Chloridellidae Chlorocystis Cohnii Chlorophyceae Choanoflagellata Chond racanthid ae Chondracanthus comutus Chondracanthus galeritus Chondracanthus merluccii Chondracanthus phycidis Chondria Baileyana Chond ria dasyphylla Chondria dasyphylla var. sedifolia Chondria littOralis Page. Chondria sedifolia 819 Chondria tenuissima 820 Chondria tenuissima var. Baileyana 820 Chond rus crispus 823 Chorda filum 810 Chorda tomentosa 810 Chordariaceae 809 Chordaria divaricata 809 Chordaria flagelliformis 809 Chordata 728 Chroococcaceae 797 Chroococcus turgidus 797 Chrysodomus decemcostatus 708 Chthamalus stellatus 646 Chylocladia Baileyana 828 Chylocladia rosea 828 Ciliata 554 Cingula aculeus 720 Cingula minuta 720 Ciona intestinalis 730 Ciona ocellata 730 Ciona tenella 730 Cirolana concharum 658 Cirolanidae 658 Cirratulidae 626 Cirratulus cirratus 626 Cirratulus grandis 626 Cirratulus parvus 626 Cirratulus tenuis 626 Cirrhinereis fragilis 626 Cirrhinereis phosphorea 626 Cirripedia 644 Cistenides gouldii 628 Cladocoryne floccosa sargassensis 560 Cladocorynidae 560 Cladonemidae 565 Cladophora albida 802 Cladophora albida var. refracta 802 Cladophora arcta .. . 802 Cladophoraceae 802 Cladophora expansa 802 Cladophora flexuosa 802 Cladophora fracta 803 Cladophora glauccscens 803 Cladophora gracilis 803 Cladophora hirta 803 Cladophora lanosa 803 Cladophora lanosa var. uncialis.- 803 Cladophora refracta 803 Cladophora Rudolphiana 803 Cladophora rupestris 803 Cladostephus spongiosus 806 Cladostephus verticillatus 806 Clangula clangula americana 779 Clava leptostyla 559 Clavella uncinata 644 Clavidae 559 Clidiophora gouldiana 699 Clidiopkora trilineata 699 Cliona celata 557 Cliona sulphur ea 557 Clione limacina 703 Clione papillonacea 703 Clionidae 557 Clionidae 703 Clitellio arenarius 634 Clitellio irrorata 634 Clupanodon pseudohispanicus 741 Page. 628 760 761 761 761 761 761 595 802 802 802 802 802 802 803 801 702 615 625 625 558 558 797 827 813 813 813 813 778 575 575 755 774 656 656 774 774 676 581 762 554 554 763 763 763 659 659 774 675 747 702 702 554 630 662 662 833 800 553 640 640 640 640 641 820 819 819 819 / INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES 841 Clupea elongata Clupea harengus Clupea pseudohispanica Clupeidae Clymene producta Clymenella torquata Clytia bicophora Clytia cylindrica Clytia folleata Clytia grayi Clytia johnstoni Clytia noliformis Clytia volubilis Cnemidotus muticus Coccogonales Cochlodcsma lcanum Codiolum gregarium Codonella Codoniidae Codon oeca gracilis Codoncecidae Codonosiga botrytis Ccelenterata Coleoptera Colpidium colpoda Columbella avara Columbella lunata Columbella rosacea Columbellidae Colymbidae Colymbus auritus Colymbus holboellii Conchoderma auritum Conchoderraa virgatum Condylostoma patens Conger niger Conger oceanica Conilera concharum Conorhynckus macrocephalus Convolutidae Copepoda Corallinaceae Corallina officinalis Corambe obscura Corambidae Corbula contracta Corbulidae Cordylophora lacnstris Corixa burmeisterii , . . . Corixa hafrissii Corolla calceola Coronula diadema Coronulidae Corophiidae Corophium cylindricum Corycaeidae Corymorpha pendula •. Corymorphidae Coryn £ mirabilis Coryne producta Corynidae Corynitis agassizii Corynitis linvillei Corynura bumpusii Coryphaena hippurus Coryphaenidae Corypliella gymnota Coryphella mananensis Page. Coryphella salmonacea 706 Cosmocephala ochracea 591 Cothurnia crystallina 555 Cothurnia imberbis curvula 555 Cothurnia ingenita 555 Cothurnia innata 555 Cothurnia longipes 555 Cothurnia nodosa 555 Cottidae 764 Cottus ceneus 764 Cottus mitchilli 764 Cottus octodecimspinosus 764 Couthouyella striatula 717 Crago septemspinosus 664 Cragonidae 664 Crangon vulgaris 664 Crassinella mactracea 688 Cratena gymnota 705.. Cratena pilata 705 Crenella glandula 683 Crepidula convexa 722 Crepidula fornicata 721 Crepidula glauca 722 Crepidula plana 723 Crepidula unguiformis 723 Cribrella sanguinolenta 607 Cribrilina annulata 601 Cribrilina punctata 601 Cribrilinidae 601 Crisia cribraria 597 Crisia denticulata 597 Crisia eburnea 596 Crisiidae 596 Crossobothrium angustum 585 Crossobothrium laciniatum ^ 585 Crucibulum striatum 721 Crustacea 636 Crymophilus fulicarius 780 Cryptacanthodes maculatus 768 Cryptacanthodidae 768 Cryptacanthus maculatus 768 Cryptodon gouldii 690 Cryptodon obesiis 690 Cryptonemiales 829 Ctenolabrus adspersus 759 Ctenophora 5 579 Cucullanus globosus 593 Cucumaria frondosa 613 Cucumaria pulcherrima 613 Cucumariidse 613 Culicidae 676 Cumacea 661 Cumingia tellinoides 696 Cunanthidae 574 Cunina disccides 574 Cupulita cara 575 Cyanea arctica 575 Cyanea capillata, var. arctica 575 Cyanea fulva 57s Cyaneidae 575 Cyanophyceae 797 Cyathura carinata 658 Cybium maculatum 750 Cybium regale 750 Cyclas dentata 690 Cyclas islandica 691 Cyclaspis varians 661 Cyclocardia borealis 687 Page. 741 74i 74i 74i 630 629 568 568 568 568 568 568 568 676 797 699 804 555 560 552 552 553 559 676 554 710 712 712 710 775 775 775 647 647 554 740 740 658 74i 580 638 830 830 705 705 700 700 560 676 676 703 644 644 655 655 639 562 562 560 560 560 560 561 638 754 754 705 706 842 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES Cyclocar dia noxanglitB Cyclopidae Cydopteridae Cydopterus lumpus Cy closporales Cylichna alba Cylichna oryza Cylichnella oryza Cylindroecidae Cylindroleberis mariae Cylista leucolena Cymbulia calceolus Cymbuliidae Cymothoidae Cynosdon regalis Cynthia carnea Cynthia echinata Cynthia partita Cynthiidae Cyphosus boscii Cypridae Cypridinidae Cyprina islandica Cyprinodon variegatus Cypselurus furcatus Cypselurus gibbifrons Cypselurus heterurus Cyrtodaria siliqua Cystoclonium purpurascens Cystodonium purpurascens var. cirrhosum Cystophora cristata Cytherea convexa Cythere dawsoni Cythereis albomaculata Cythereis arenicola Cythereis canadensis Cythereis concinna Cythereis dunelraensis Cythereis emarginata Cythereis phalaropi Cythereis tuberculata Cythereis villosa Cyther'eis vineyarderiSis Cytheridae Cytheridea americana Cytheridea papillosa Cytheridea punctillata Cytheridea rubra Cytheridea seminuda Cytherideis fasciata Cytherois zostericola Dacnitis hians Dacnitis sphaerocephala Dactylocotyle denticulatum Dactylometra quinquecirra Dactylopterus volitans Dactylopusia thisboides Dactylopusia vulgaris Dafila acuta Dalyellia dodgei Dalyellia mohicana Dalyellia rossi Dasya elegans Dasyatidae Dasyatis centrura Dasyatis hastata Decapoda Decapterus macarellus Page. Decapterus punctatus 752 Delesseriacese 828 Delesseria sinuosa S2S Delphinidae 781 Delphinus delphis 782 Dendronotidae 704 Dendronotus arborescens 704 Dendronotus robustus 704 Dendrosomidae 556 Derbesiaceae 804 Derbesia vaucheriaeformis 804 Dermocarpa prasina 797 Dermocarpa violacea 832 Dermochelidae 774 Dermochelys coriacea 774 Dermocystis ctenolabri 582 Desmacidonidae 559 Desmacidon palmata 559 Desmarestia aculeata 807 Desmarestiaceae 807 Desmarestia viridis 80S Desmotrichum palticum 806 Desmotrichum undulatum 806 Dexamine thea 651 Diacria trispinosa 703 Diastopora patina 597 Diastylidae 662 Diastylis abbreviata 662 Diastylis abbreviatus 662 Diastylis polita 662 Diastylis politus 662 Diastylis quadrispinosa 662 Diastylis quad r is pinosus 662 Diastylis sculpta 662 Diastylis scul plus 662 Dibothrium aluterae 585 Dibothrium angustatum 585 Dibothrium crassiceps 585 Dibothrium ligula 585 Dibothrium manubriforme 586 Dibothrium microcephalum 586 Dibothrium plicatum 586 Dibothrium punctatum 586 Dibothrium restiforme 586 Dibothrium rugosum 586 Dichelesthium sturionis 643 Dichelestiidae 643 Diclidophora affinis 582 Dictyosiphonaceae 808 Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus . 808 Dictyosiphon hippuroides 808 Didemnidse 731 Didemnum lutarium 731 Dinabothrium septaria 586 Dinematella cavosa 562 Dinematura latifolia 642 Dinoflagellata. . . .# 553 Dinophilea 595 Dinophilidae 595 Dinophilus gardineri 595 Dinophilus pygmaeus 595 Dinophilus simplex 595 Dinophysidae 554 Dinophysis 554 Diodon hystrix 763 Diodontidae 763 Dionchus agassizi 582 Diopatra cuprea 621 Page. 687 639 765 765 811 704 703 703 6o9 636 577 703 703 658 758 730 730 730 730 758 636 636 691 744 745 746 745 701 826 826 782 692 637 637 637 637 637 637 637 637 637 637 637 636 637 637 637 637 637 637 636 593 593 582 571 766 639 639 779 581 581 581 820 739 739 739 663 •752 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES 843 Diophrys appendiculatus . . . Diosaccidae Diosaccus tenuicomis Diphasia fallax Diphyes bipartita Diphyidae Diphyopsis campanulifera . . Diplodus probatocephalus. . . . Diplostomum Diptera Dipurella clavata Dipurena conica Dipurena strangulata Discocelis mutabilis Discocephalum pileatum . . . Discopora coccinea Discopora nitida Discorbina rosacea Dissodactylus mellitae Distephanus speculum Distomum appendiculatum. Distomum areolatum Distomum bothryophoron . . Distomum clavatum Distomum contortum Distomum dentatum Distomum fenestratum Distomum foecundum Distomum foliatum Distomum fragile Distomum globiporum Distomum grandiporum .... Distomum gulosum Distomum hispidum Distomum lageniforme Distomum macrocotyle Distomum monticellii Distomum nigrescens Distomum nigroflavum Distomum nitens Distomum ocreatum Distomum pallens Distomum polyorchis Distomum pudens Distomum pyriforme Distomum rachion Distomum ruf outride Distomum simplex Distomum tenue Distomum tenue tenuissime Distomum tomatum Distomum valdeinflatum . . . Distomum veliporum Distomum vibex Distomum vitellosum Divaricella dentata Divaricella quadrisulcata . . . Dodecaceria coralii Doliolidae Doliolum Doridella obscura Doris bifida Doris pallida Doto coronata Doto formosa Dotonidae Drillia Drilonereis longa Page. Dynamena pumila . . 572 Dysmorphosa fulgurans 562 Eysteria lanceolata 554 Echeneibothrium variabile 586 Echeneididae 766 Echeneis brachyptera 766 Echeneis naucrateoides 766 Echeneis naucrates 766 Echeneis quatuordecimlaminatus 766 Echeneis remora 766 Echinarachnius parma 612 Echinasteridae 607 Echinodermata 607 Echinoidea 61 1 Echinorhynchus acus 594 Echinorhynchus agilis 594 Echinorhynchus attenuatus 594 Echinorhynchus aurantiacus 595 Echinorhynchus carchariae 594 Echinorhynchus clavaeceps 594 Echinorhynchus fusiformis 594 Echinorhynchus globulosus 594 Echinorhynchus incrassatus 594 Echinorhynchus lateralis 594 Echinorhynchus pristis 594 Echinorhynchus proteus 594 Echinorhynchus sagittifer 595 Echinorhynchus serrani 595 Echinorhynchus thecatus 595 Echthrogaleus coleoptratus 642 Echthrogaleus denticulatus 642 Echthrogaleus torpedinis 642 Ectinosoma curticorne 639 Ectinosomidae 639 Ectocarpaceae 804 Ectocarpus aecidioides 804 Ectocarpus confervoides 804 Ectocarpus confervoides var. hiemalis 805 Ectocarpus dasy carpus 832 Ectocarpus Durkeei 805 Ectocarpus elegaus 804 Ectocarpus fasciculatus 805 Ectocarpus granulosus 805 Ectocarpus granulosus var. tenuis 805 Ectocarpus lutosus 805 Ectocarpus Mitchellae 805 Ectocarpus ovatus 805 Ectocarpus penicillatus 805 Ectocarpus siliculosus 805 Ectocarpus siliculosus var. hiemalis 805 Ectocarpus tomentosus 805 Ectocarpus viridis 805 Ectopleura dumortieri 561 Ectopleura ochracea 561 Ectopleura prolifica 561 Edotea acuta 660 Edotea montosa 660 Edotea triloba 660 Edwardsia elegans 576 Edwardsia farinacea 576 Edwardsia leidyi 576 Edwardsia lineata 577 Edwardsiidse 576 Elachistaceae 808 Elachista fucicola 808 Elachista stellaris var. Chordae 809 Elasmopus laevis 652 Elecate canadus 754 Page. 555 639 639 573 575 575 575 758 582 676 561 560 560 580 586 604 604 55i 675 553 582 ■ 582 582 582 582 582 582 582 583 583 583 583 583 583 583 583 583 583 583 ' 583 583 583 583 583 583 583 583 583 583 583 583 584 584 584 584 690 690 626 734 734 705 705 705 706 706 706 707 622 844 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES Page. Eloactis producta 577 Elopidae 74i Elops saurus 74 1 Elysia ehlorotica 706 Elysiella catula 706 Embletonia pallida 706 Emerita talpoida 666 Enchelinidse 554 Enchclyopus cimbrius 77* Enchytraeidae 634 Enchy trseus albidus 634 Enchytrceus triventralopeciinatus 634 Encoeliaceae 806 Endeidae 677 Endeis spinosus 677 Endoderma perforans 802 Endoderma viride 802 Engraulididae 742 Ensatella americana 695 Ensis americana 695 Ensis directus 695 Enteromorpha clathrata 800 Enteromorpha crinita 800 Enteromorpha e recta 800 Enteromorpha Hopkirkii 801 Enteromorpha intestinalis 800 Enteromorpha linza 801 Enteromorpha marginata 832 Enteromorpha minima 801 Enteromorpha percursa 801 Enteromorpha plumosa 801 Enteromorpha prolifera 801 Entoderma Wittroekii 832 Eolis bostoniensis 706 Eolis papillosa 705 Epelys montosus 660 E pelys trilobus 660 Epenthesis folleata 568 Ephelota coronata ... * 555 Ephippidae 760 Ephyridae 575 Epibdella bumpusii 584 Epibdella hippoglossi 584 Epiclintes radios a 555 Epiclintes retractilis 555 Epinephelus adscensionis 755 Epinephelus morio 756 Epinephelus niveatus 756 Epitonium dallianum 714 Epitonium lineatum 714 Epitonium multistriatum 714 Epizoanthus americanus 576 Eretinochelys imbricata 774 Ergasilidae 640 Ergasilus labracis 640 Ergasilus manicatus 640 Erichsonella attenuata 660 Erichsonella filiformis 660 Erichsonia attenuata 660 Erichsonia filiformis 660 Ericthonius differ mis 655 Ericthonius minax 655 Ericthonius rubricomis 655 Erismatura jamaicensis 780 Eristalis 676 Eryth rot rich ia ceramicola 813 Escharella variabilis 602 Page. Escharidae 603 Escharina pediostoma 603. Eschar ina porosa 604 Escharipora punctata 601 Esocidae 744 Esperella fibrexilis 559 Esperella modesta 559 E teone robusta 616 Eteone setosa 616 Eirumeus sadina 741 Etrumeus teres 741 Eucheilota duodecimal is 567 Eucheilota ventricularis 567 Euchone elegans 630 Eucinostomus gula 758 Eucope diaphana 569 Eucope poly gena 57<> Eucope pyriformis 569 Eucopidae 567 Eucratea chelata 597 Eucrateidae 597 Eudactylina nigra 643 Eudendriidae 564 Eudendrium album 565 Eudendrium capillare 565 Eudendrium cameum 565 Eudendrium dispar 564 Eudendrium ramosum 564 Eudendrium tenue 565 Eudorella hispida 661 Eudorella pusilla 661 Eudorella truncatula 661 Eudorellopsis deformis 662 Euglycera dibranchiata 623 Eugomphodus littoralis 736 Eugyra glutinans 729 Eugyra pilularis 729 Eulalia annulata 616 Eulalia gracilis 617 Eulalia pistacia 617 Eulamia milberti 735 Eulamia obscura 735 Euleptorhamphus velox 745 Eulima conoidea 715 Eulima oleacea 714 Eulimidae 714 Eumesogrammus subbifur catus 768 Eumidia americana 617 Eumidia papillosa 617 Eumidia livid a 617 Eunieidae 621 Eunoe oerstedi 617 Eupagurus annulipes 668 Eupagurus bernhardus 667 Eupagurus kroyeri 668 Eupagurus longicarpus 667 Eupagurus pollicaris 666 Eu pagurus pubescens 668 Eupanopeus herbstii 673 Euphausiidae 663 Euphysa virgulata 561 Eupleura caudata 713 Euplotes charon 555 Euplotes harpa 555 Euplotidae 555 Eupomacentrus leucostictus 759 Eurylepta maculosa 580 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES 845 Page. Euryleptidae 580 Eurypanopeus depressus 673 Eurytemora lierdmani 638 Eurytemora hirundoides 638 Eustylochus ellipticus 579 Eusyllis f ragilis 615 Eusyllis tenera 615 Euthemisto bispinosa 648 Eutheraisto compressa 647 Euthora cristata 826 Eutima limpida 567 Eutima mira 567 Evadne nordmanni 636 Exocoetidae 745 Exoccetus furcatus 745 Exocactus gibbifrons 746 Exoccetus hcterurus 745 Exoccetus melanurus 745 Exoccetus rondelettii 745 Exocoetus volitans 745 Exuviaella lima 553 Exuviaella marina 553 Fabricia leidyi . 631 Fabricia stellaris 631 Facelina bostoniensis 706 Farclla familiar is 606 Fasciolariidae 707 Felichthys marintis 740 Fiber zibethicus 7S2 Filnria rubra 593 Filograna implexa 631 Fiona marina 706 Fiona nobilis 706 Fistularia serrata 746 Fistularia tabacaria 746 Fistulariidae 746 Flustrella hispida 605 Flustrcllidae 605 Foraminifera 549 Fozia affinis : 580 Fozia Warrenii 580 Fratercula arctica 775 Fregata aquila 778 Fregatidae 778 Frontonia leucas 554 Fucaceae 81 1 Fucus evanescens 81 1 Fucus platycarpus 81 1 F u cus vesiculosus 811 Fucus vesiculosus var. laterifructus 812 Fucus vesiculosus forma limicola 812 Fucus vesiculosus var. sphaerocarpus 812 Fucus vesiculosus var. spiralis 812 Fulgur canaliculata 707 Fulgur carica 708 Fundulus diaphanus 744 Fundulus heteroclitus 744 Fundulus majalis 743 Fundulus multi fasciatus 744 Fundulus pisculentus 744 Fusus decemcostatus 708 Fusus islandicus 703 Fusus pygmceus 708 Gadidae 769 Gadus callarias 769 Gadus morrhua 769 Gadus tomcodus 769 Gaidropsarus argentatus 770 Page. Galeichthys felis 740 Galeidae 734 Galeocerdo tigrinus 735 Galeus canis 734 Gammarellus angulosus 653 Gammaridae 652 Gammarus annulatus 652 Gammarus locusta 652 Gammarus marinus 652 Gammarus mucronatus 652 Gammarus natator 652 Gammarus ornatus 652 Garrupa nigrita 756 Gasterosteidae , . 746 Gasterosteus aculeatus 746 Gasterosteus biaculeatus 746 Gasterosteus bispinosus 746 Gasterosteus gladiunculus 746 Gasterostomum arcuatum 584 Gasterostomum ovatum 584 Gastropoda 703 Gatliola 615 Gavia immer 775 Gavia stellata 775 Gaviidae 775 Gebia affinis 666 Gelasimus minax 675 Gelasimus pugilator 675 Gelasimus pugnax 675 Gelidiaceae 814 Gelidium corneum var. crinale 814 Gelidium crinale 814 Gemellaria americana 598 Gemellaria loricata 598 Gemma gemma 692 Gemmaria cladophora 565 Gemmaria gemmosa 565 Germo alalunga 749 Gerres argenteus 758 Gerridae 758 Gerris marginatus 676 Geryonidae 574 Gigartinaceae 823 Gigartinales 823 Giraudia sphacelarioides 809 Glandula arenicola 730 Glenodinium cinctum 553 Glenodinium compressa 553 Globiocephala melas 781 Glceocapsa crepidinum 797 GlaeocaPsa zostericola 800 Gloeocysiis chrysophthalma 800 Gloeocystis zostericola 800 Gloiopotes ornatus 642 Gloiosiphonia capillaris 829 Gloiosiphoniaceae 829 Glossocodon tenuirostris 574 Glycera capitata 623 Glyceridae 623 Glycinde gracilis 623 GlypJiidodon saxaiilis 759 Gobiidse 766 Gobiomorus gronozii 754 Gobiosoma bosci 766 Gobius stigmaticus 766 Goniadidae 623 Gonionema murbackii 574 Gonionemus murbachii 574 846 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. Gonionemus vertens Gonothyraea loveni Gorgonidae Gorgonocephalidse Gorgonocephalus agassizii Gould i a mactracea Gracilaria confervoides Gracilaria multipartita Gracilaria multipartita var. angustissima Graffilla gemellipara Grantia ciliata Grapsidae Gregarina gigantea Grifiithsia Bornetiana Griffithsia corollina Grifiithsia tenuis Grinnellia americana Gromia lagenoides Gromidas Grubea websteri Grubia compta Grubiosyllis websteri Gunnelus mucronatus Gymuachirus nudus Gymnodinium gracile spherica Gymnogongrus Griffithsiae Gymnogongrus norvegicus Gymnosarda alleterata Gymnosarda pelamis Gyratrix hermaphroditus maculatus Gyrinus Haemulidae Halair actus zonatus Halecidae Halecium articulosum Halecium beani Halecium gracile Halecium halecinum Halecium tenellum Halichondria caduca Halichondria panicea Haliplus ruficollis Halocampa producta Halocynthia echinata Halodrillus littoralis Halothrix lumbricalis Haminea solitaria Haplophragmium canariense Haplospora globosa Harelda hyemalis Harmothoe imbricata Harpacticidae Harpacticus chelifer Harpinia plumosa Haustorius arenarius Hebella calcar ata Hebella pygmaea Hecatonema maculans Heliozoa Hemiptera Hemiramphidae . Hemirhamphus brasiliensis Hemirhamphus unifasciatus Ilemitripterus acadianus Hemitripterus americanus Hemiurus crenatus Henricia sanguinolenta Hermaea cruciata Page. Hermaeidae 706 Hermellidae 634 Hesionidae 616 Heterakis foveolata. . 593 Heterocrypta granulata 669 Heterocysteae 798 Heterofusus retroversus 703 Heteromastus filiformis 629 Heteromonadidae 552 Heteromysis formosa 663 Heterophrys myriapoda 552 Hexacotyle thynni 584 Hexanematichthys jells 740 Hexapanopeus angustifrons 674 Hildenbrandia prototypus 830 Hildenbr andtia rubra 830 Hip pa talpoida 666 Hippidae 666 Hippocampus heptagonus 746 Hippocampus hudsonius 746 Hippoglossoides platessoides 771 Hippoglossus americanus 771 Hippoglossus hippoglossus 771 Hip poly te pusiola 664 Hippolyte zostericola 664 Hippolytidae 664 Hippomedon serratus 649 Hipponoe gaudichaudi 619 Hippothoa biaperta 602 Hippothoa divaricata 603 Hippothoa hyalina 603 H i ppothoa reversa 602 Hippuraria armata 607 Hippuraria elongata 607 Hirudinea 635 Hisliophorus americanus 750 Hisiiophorus gladius 750 Histrionicus histrionicus 779 Holocentridae 748 Holocentrus ascensionis 748 Holocentrus tortugae 748 Holothurioidea 613 Homaridae 665 Homarus americanus 665 Homocysteae 797 Homorrhaphidae 558 Hoplonyx cicada 649 Hormactis Farlowii 799 Hormactis Quoyi 799 Hormogonales 797 Hyalea trispinosa 7 03 Hyale littoralis 648 Hyale prevostii 648 Hyas coartatus 669 Hybocodonidae 561 Hybocodon pendula 562 Hybocodon prolifer 561 Hydractinia echinata 562 Hydr actinia polyclina 562 Hydrallmania falcata 573 Hydrargyra majalis 743 Hydrichthys mirus 561 Hydroceratinidae 570 Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis 777 Hydrocoleum glutinosum 797 Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum 797 Hydroides dianthus 631 Hydroporus 676 Page. 574 570 57<> 610 610 688 826 826 827 581 556 675 556 . 817 • 817 • 817 . 829 549 549 615 654 615 767 773 553 824 824 749 749 • 58i 676 757 75i 57i 572 572 572 57i 572 • 558 558 676 577 730 634 . 832 704 549 811 779 617 639 639 649 649 567 570 809 552 676 745 745 745 765 765 607 706 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. 847 Hydrozoa Hyella caespitosa Hyperia galba Hyperia medusarum Hyperiidse Hyperoche abyssorum Hypnea musciformis Hypolytus peregrinus Hyporhamphus roberti Hyporha?nphus unifasciatus Hyporthodus flavicauda Ianthina fragilis Ichthyobdella funduli Ichthyobdella rapax Ichthyobdellidae Ichthyonema globiceps Ichthyonema sanguineum Idalia modesta Idaliella modesta ldoiea caeca ldotea irrorala ldotea marina ldotea phosphorea ldotea robusta ldotea Tuftsii Idothea baltica Idothea marina Idothea metallica Idothea phosphorea Idotheidae Idya furcata Idyia roseola Idyidae Ilea fulvescens Ilyanassa obsoleta Ilyanthidae Ilyopsyllidae Ilyopsyllus sarsi Imogine oculifera Inachidae Insecta lone thompsoni Isactis plana Ischnochitonidae Jschyrocerus anguipes Isodictya palmata 1 sogomphodon maculipinnis Isopoda Istiophoridae Istiophorus nigricans Isuropsis dekayi I sums dekayi Jeer a albifrons Jeer a copiosa Jaera marina Jaminia producta Jaminia seminuda Janiridae Janthina fragilis Janthinidae Jassa marmorata Kellia planulata Kelliopsis elevata Keratosum complexum Kyphosidae Kyphosus incisor Kyphosus sectatrix Labidocera aestiva 16269° — Bull. 31, pt 2 — 13 Page. Labrax lineatus 755 Labridae 759 Lacophilus maculosus 676 Lacrymaria coronata 554 Lacrymaria lagenula 554 Lactophrys tricomis 762 Lactophrys trigonus 762 Lactophrys triqueter 762 Lactopkrys yalei 762 Lacuna put eola 720 Lacuna vincta 720 Leemargus muricatus 643 Laevicardium mortoni 691 Lafoea calcar ata 567 Lafoea dumosa 570 Lafoea gracillima 570 Lafoeidae 570 Lafystiidae 651 Lafystius sturionis 651 Lagenorhynchus acutus 781 Lagocephalus laevigatus 762 Lagodon rhomboides 758 Lamellidoris muricata 705 Lamellidoris pallida 705 Laminaria Agardhii 810 Laminaria Agar dhii forma normalis 811 Laminaria Agardhii var. vittata 81 1 Laminariaceae 810 Laminaria digitata 811 Laminaria digitata forma typica 81 1 Laminaria saccharina 811 Lamna comubica 736 Lamnidae 736 Laodicea calcarata 567 Laodicea cruciata 567 Laomedea amphora 568 Laomedea divaricata 570 Laophonte longicaudata 639 Laophontidae 639 Laridae 776 Larimus fasciatus 759 Larus argentatus 776 Lams atricilla 776 Larus delawarensis 776 Larus leucoptems 776 Lams marinus 776 Larus Philadelphia 776 Latreutes ensiferus 664 Leathesia difformis 809 Leathesia tuberiformis 809 Lecanicephalum peltatum 586 Lecanocephalus annulatus 593 Leda tenuisulcata 687 Ledidae 686 Leiostomus xanthurus 759 Lembus elongatus 554 Lembus infusionum 554 Lembus pusillus 554 Lepadidae 646 Lepas anatifera 647 Lepas anserifera 647 Lepas fascicularis 646 Lepas fasciculatus 646 Lepas hilli 647 Lepas pectinata 646 Lepeophtheirus edwardsi . 642 Lepeophtheirus nordmannii 642 Lepeophtheirus thompsoni 642 Page. 559 797 647 647 647 647 827 567 745 745 756 714 635 635 635 593 593 705 705 659 659 659 659 659 659 659 659 659 659 659 639 579 639 801 710 577 639 639 580 . 669 . 67s 661 800 702 654 559 736 657 750 750 736 736 660 660 660 715 716 660 714 714 654 689 689 570 ■ 758 758 • 758 . 638 -20 848 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. Lepidactylus arenarius Lepidadylus dytiscus Lepidametria commensalis. Lepidonotus squamatus . . . Lepidonotus sublevis Lepraea rubra Lepralia americana Lepralia pallasiana Lepralia pertusa Lepralia serrata Le plaster ias covipta Leptasterias tenera Leptecheneis naucrateoides . . Leptecheneis naucrates Leptocephalidae Leptocephalus conger Leptochelia algicola Leptochelia dubia Leptochelia savignyi Leptockiton apiculatus Leptochiion ruber Leptoclinum albidum Lepioclinum luteoluvi Leptocuma minor Leptonidae Leptophidium Lepto plana folium Leptoplana variabilis Leptoplanidae Leptosynapta girardii Leptosynapta inhaerens. . . . Leptosynapta roseola Lernaea branchialis Lemaeenicus radiatus Lemaeidae Lernaeolophus sultanus . . . . Lernceonema radiata Lemaeopodidae Lemanthropus brevoortiae. Leman thropus pomatomi. . Lesueuria hyboptera Lesueuriidae Leueonacia incerta Leuconidae Leucosolenia boiryoides Libinia canaliculata Libinia dubia Libinia emarginata Lichenopora vermcaria Lichenoporidae Lichnophora auerbachii Lichnophora macfarlandi . . . Lichnophoridae Lichomolgidae Lichomolgus fucicolus Ligula ckylomyctcri Ligyda oceanica Ligydidae Limacinidae Limania ferruginea Limnodrilus subsalsus Limnophilidae Limnoria lignorum Limnoriidae Limulus polyphemus Lineidae Lineus bicolor Page. Lineus communis 590 Lineus socialis 590 Lineus viridis 59o Lineus viridis sanguineus 59o Liocardium mortoni 69i Lionotus fasciola 554 Liostomus obliquus 759 Liparididae 765 Liparis lincatus 765 Liparis liparis 765 Liriope scutigera 574 Lirus perciformis 754 Lissoflagellata 552 Lithothamnion polymorphum 830 lAtiopa bombix 720 Litiopa melanostoma 720 Litiopidae 7^0 Littorina irrorata 7Is Littorina litorea 71$ Littorina palliata 7I9 Littorina rudis 718 Littorina tenebrosa 718 Littorinella minuta 720 Littorinidae 718 Lituolidae S49 Livoneca ovalis 658 Lizzia grata 563 Lobipes lobatus 780 Lobotes surinamensis 756 Lobotidae 756 Loimia viridis 627 Loliginidae Loligo pealii . . . Loligo punctata Lomentaria rosea 827 Lomentaria uncinata 827 Lophiidae 773 Lophius americanus 773 Lophius piscatorius 773 Lophodytes cucullatus 778 Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps 767 Lophopsetta maculata 773 Lovenella grandis 571 Loxoconcha guttata 637 Loxoconcha impressa 637 Loxophyllum setigerum 554 Loxopkyllum setigerum var. armatum 554 Loxosoma davenporti 595 Loxosoma minuta 595 Loxosomidae 595 Lucania parva 744 Lucina dentata 690 Lucina filosa 690 Lucinidae 690 Luconacia incerta 656 Lumbricillus agilis 634 Lumbriconereis fragilis 623 Lumbriconereis opalina 622 Lumbriconereis tenuis 623 Lumbriculidae 635 Lumbriculus limosus 635 Lumbrinerida? 622 Lumbrineris fragilis 623 Lumbrineris hebes 623 Lumbrineris tenuis 623 Lunatia heros 725 Lunatia immaculata 727 Page. 649 649 . 618 . 618 . 618 627 603 603 604 604 609 609 766 766 740 740 657 . 658 657 702 702 73i 73i 661 689 768 580 580 580 614 614 614 644 643 643 644 643 644 643 643 579 579 656 66l 556 670 671 670 597 597 555 555 55 5 639 639 . 586 661 661 703 772 635 676 658 • 65S 676 590 590 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. 849 Lunatia nana Lunatia triseriata Lutianidae Lutianus analis Lutianus apodus Lutianus blackfordii Lutianus griseus Lutianus jocu Lycidice americana Lycodes reticulatus Lyngbya aestuarii Lyngbya confervoides Lyngbya lagcrheimii Lyngbya lutea Lyngbya luteo-fnsca Lyngbya majuscula Lyngbya nigrescens var. major Lyngbya semiplena Lyngbya subtilis Lyngbyese Lyonsia hyalina Lyonsiidae Lysianassa Lysianaesidae Lysianopsis alba Lysiosquilla armata Lysiosquilla scabricauda Macoma balthica Macoma calcarea Macoma fragilis Macoma fusca Macoma sabulosa Macoma tenta Macrouridae Macrourus bairdii Macrurus bairdii Macira lateralis Mactra solidissima Mactridae Magaptera nodosa Magelona papillicornis Magelona rosea Magelonidae Malacanthidae Malaclemmys centrata concentriea, Malaclemmys terrapin Malacobdella grossa Malacobdella obesa Malacobdellidae Malacoclemmys palustris Malacoclemmys terrapin Maldane elongata Maldanidae Mamma immarulata Mammalia Mangilia bicarinata Mangilia cerina Mangilia plicosa Mareca americana Margarita obscura Margarites obscurus Margarites undulatus Margelis carolincnsis Marila affinis Marila americana Marila marila Marila vallisneria Marphysa leidyi Page. Marseniidse 727 Marsipobranchii 734 Mastigamoeba simplex t 552 Mastigocoleus testarum 799 Maurolicidae 743 Maurolicus borealis 743 Maurolicus pennanti 743 Meckelia ingens 591 Meckelia lactea 591 Meckelia lurid a 591 M eckelia rosea 590 Megalestris skua 776 Meganyctiphanes norvegica 663 Melampus bidentaius 706 Melampus lineatus 706 Melanogrammus aeglefinus 770 Melicertum campanula 567 Melinna cristata 628 Melinna maculata 628 Melita dentata 652 Melita nitida 652 Melita parvimana 652 Mellita pentapora 613 Mellita quinquesperforata 613 Mellita testudinaria 613 Melobesia Corallinae 832 M elobesia f arinosa 831 Melobesia Lejolisii 831 Melobesia membranacea 831 M elobesi a pustul ata 831 Membranipora arctica 601 Membranipora arctica armifera 601 Membranipora aurita 601 Membranipora craticula 600 Membranipora cymbaeformis 599 Membranipora flemingii 601 Membranipora lacroixii 600 Membranipora lineata 600 Membranipora monostachys 600 Membranipora pilosa 599 Membranipora tehuelcha 601 Membranipora tenuis 600 Membranipora unicornis 600 Membraniporidae 599 M en id ia bcryllina 747 Menidia beryllina cerea 747 Menidia gracilis 747 Menidia menidia notata 747 M enidia notata 747 Menipea temata 598 Menticirrhus nebulosus 759 Menticirrhus saxatilis 759 Merganser .serrator 778 Mergus americanus 778 Mergus serrator 778 Merlucciidae 768 Merluccius bilinearis 768 Merlucius bilineatus 768 Mertensia ovum 579 Mertensiidae 579 Mesodesma arctatum 698 Mesodesmatidae 698 Mesodinium cinctum 554 Mesogloia divaricata 809 Mesoplodon bidens 781 Mesovclia bisignata 676 Metridia hibernica 638 Metridia lucens 638 Page. 772 726 757 757 757 757 757 757 621 768 798 798 798 832 798 798 797 798 832 798 699 699 649 648 649 662 662 695 695 695 695 69 s 695 771 771 771 698 697 697 781 625 625 625 767 775 775 592 592 592 775 775 630 629 727 780 707 707 707 779 727 727 727 563 779 779 779 779 621 850 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES Metridium dianthus Metridium marginatum Michtheimysis stenolepis Microchaete grisea Microciona prolifera Microcoleus chthonoplastes Microcolcus tenerrimus Microcotyle hiatulae Microcotyle longicauda Microcotyle pomatomi Microcotyle stenotomi Microdeutopus danmonensis. . . . Microdeutopus gryllotalpa Microdeutopus minax Microgadus tomcod Microgadus tomcodus Micropogon undulatus Microporella ciliata Microporella ciliata stellata Microporellidae Microstomum davenporti Micrura afFmis Micrura caeca Micrura leidyi Miliolina bicomis Miliolina boueana Miliolina circularis Miliolina oblonga Miliolina seminulum Miliolina venusta Miliolinidae Mnemiidae Mnemiopsis leidyi Modeeria multitentacula Modiola modiolus Modiola plicatula Modiolaria corrugata Modiolaria discors Modiolaria laevigata Modiolaria nigra Modiolus demissus Modiolus hamatus Modiolus modiolus Moera laevis Mola mola Mola rotunda Molanna Molgula arenata Molguna citrina Molguna koreni Molgula manhattensis Molgula pannosa Molgula papillosa Molgula pellucida Molgula pilularis Molgula producta Molgulidae Molidae Mollia hyalina Mollusca Molluscoida Molpadia oolitica Molpadiidae Monacanthidae Monacanthus hispidus Monacanthus massachusettensis . Monas sp Monocelis f usca . . . . , Page. Monocelis wilhelmii 582 Monoculodes edwardsi ! 651 Monoophorum triste 582 Monophyidae 575 Monopylephorus glaber 63s Monopylephorus parvus 635 Monorygma 586 Monosiga fusiformis 553 Monosiga ovata 553 Monostaechas quadridens 573 Monostomum orbicular e 584 Monostomum vinal-edwardsii 584 Monostroma crepidinum 801 Monostroma Grevillei 801 Monostroma latissimum 832 Montacuta bidentata 689 Montacuta elevata 689 Montacuta percompressa 689 Montagua pilata 705 Morone americana 755 Morrhua americana 769 Mucronella nitida 604 Mucronella pavonella 604 Mucronella peachii 604 Mucronella ventricosa 604 Mugil cephalus 747 Mugil curema 747 Mugilidae 747 Mugi l lineatus 747 Mugi l trichodon 747 Mulinia lateralis 698 Mullidae 748 Mullus auratus 748 Muraena retifera 740 Muraenidae 740 Murcenoides gunnellus 767 Murcenoides mucronatus 767 Muricidae 713 Muridae 782 Mustelidae 7S2 Mustelus canis 734 Mya arenaria 701 Myacidae 701 Mycoideaceae 701 Mycteroperca bonaci 756 Mycteroperca interstitialis 756 Mycteroperca venenosa 756 Myliobatidae 739 Myliobatis freminvillei 739 Myoxocephalus aeneus 764 Myoxocephalus groendlandicus 764 Myoxoephalus octodecimspinosus 764 Myriactis pulvinata 809 Myrionema corunnae 809 Myrionema Leclancherii 809 Myrionema strangulans 809 Myrionema vulgare 809 Myriotrichiaceae 808 Myriotrichia clavaeformis 832 Myriotrichia filiformis 808 Myriozoidae 602 Myrmeciplana elegans 582 Mysidae 663 My sis americana 663 My sis stenolepis 663 Mytilidae 681 Mytilus edulis 681 M yxicola steenstrupii 630 Page. 577 577 663 798 559 797 797 584 584 584 584 653 653 653 769 769 759 601 601 601 ■ 58i 59i 590 590 551 550 550 550 550 550 549 579 579 562 . 682 683 . 683 683 . 683 683 . 683 . 682 682 652 763 763 . 676 729 729 729 729 729 729 729 729 729 729 763 603 . 678 595 614 614 761 761 761 552 582 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES 851 Myxilla Myxine glutinosa Myxinidae Myxobolidae Myxobolus lintoni Myzopseltaferruginea. . . Naiidae Nanmoia car a N araganseta cor alii Narcobatidae Nassa obsoleta Nassa Iriviltata Nassa vibex Nassula microstoma Nassula nofata Natica clausa Natica pusilla Naticidae Naucrates ductor Naushonia crangonoides Naulilograpsus minuius . Nectonema agile N ectonema agilis N ectonereis megalops .... N emalionaceae Nemalionales Nemalion multifidum. . . Nemastoma Bairdii Nemastomaceae N emathelminthes Nematobothrium Nematoda N emeries socialis N emeries viridis Nemertinea Nemopsis bachei Neoliparis atlanticus. . . . N eoliparis montagui N eomaenis analis Neomcenis apodus Neomcenis ay a Neomcenis blackfordi Neomcenis griseus Neomcenis jocu Neomysis americana. . . . Neopanope texana sayi . Nephthydidae Nephthys bucera Nephthys ciliata Nephthys incisa Nephthys ingens Nephthys picta Neptune a curia Neptunea pygmaza Neplunus sayi Nereid ae Nereis alacris Nereis arenaceodentata . Nereis dumerilii Nereis limbata Nereis megalops Nereis pelagica Nereis virens Neroeila munda Nesippus alatus Nettion carolinensis . . . . Nettion crecca Neuroptera Page. N ever ita du plicaia 724 Nicolea simplex 627 Nicomache dispar 629 Ninoe nigripes 623 Nitzschia clegans 585 Nitzschia elongata 585 Nitzschia papillosa 585 Nodularia Harvey ana 798 Nogagus Laireillii 642 Nomeus gronovii 754 Nostocaceae 798 Nothria conchylegia 622 Notomastus filiformis 629 Notomastus luridus 629 Notonecta undalata 676 Nucula delphinodonta 686 Nucula proxima 685 Nucula proxima ovata 686 Nuculidae 685 Nyctiphanes norvegica 663 Nymphon grossipes 677 N ymphonid ae 677 Nyroca afflnis 779 Nyr oca americana 779 Nyroca mar ila 779 Nyroca vallisneria 779 Obelia bicuspidata 570 Obelia bidentata 570 Obelia eommissuralis 569 Obelia congdoni 570 Obelia diaphana 569 Obelia dichotoma 569 Obelia divaricata 570 Obelia flabellata 569 Obelia gelatinosa 570 Obelia geniculata 569 Obelia Ion gissima 570 Obelia plana 569 Obelia poly gena 570 Obelia pyriformis 570 Oceania lan guida 568 Oceania singularis 568 Oceanites oceanicus 778 Oceanodroma leucorhoa 778 Octobothrium denticulatum 582 Octocotyle major 585 Octocotyle scombri . 585 O do plenum a fine 582 Octopus granulatus 728 Ocypoda arenaria 675 Ocypode albicans 675 Ocypode quadrata 675 Ocypodidae 675 Ocyurus chrysurus 757 Odonata 676 Odontomya 676 Odontosyllis lucifera 615 Odostomia bisuturalis 717 Odostomia bushiana 716 Odostomia dealbata 717 Odostomia fusca 715 Odostomia hendersoni 716 Odostomia impressa 716 Odostomia modesta 717 Odostomia prod-ucla 715 Odostomia seminuda 716 Odostomia trifida 716 CEdiceridae 651 Page. 559 734 734 556 556 772 634 575 626 739 710 708 710 554 554 724 724 724 751 666 675 594 594 621 813 813 813 829 829 592 585 592 590 590 590 564 765 765 757 757 757 757 757 757 663 673 619 619 619 619 619 619 708 708 672 619 621 620 621 621 621 619 620 65S 643 779 779 676 852 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. Oidemia americana Oidemia deglandi Oidemia perspicillata Oithona similis Oligochaeta Oligoplites saurus Olor columbianus Ommastrephes illecebrosa Ommastrephes sagittatus Onchidoris pallida Onchobothrium uncinatum Oniscidae Onuphidae Opalinidae Opercularella pmnila Ophelia denticulata Opheliidae Ophidiidae Ophioderma brevispina Ophioglycera gigantea Ophioglypha robusta Ophiolepididae Ophiopholis aculeata Ophiura brevispina Ophiura olivacea Ophiura robusta Ophiuridae Ophiuroidea Ophisthonema oglinum Opsanus tau Orbicella acroposa Orbicellidae Orchestia agilis Orchestia palustris Orchestiidae Orchistoma tentaculata Orcynus alliteratus 4 Orcynus secundi-dorsalis *Orcynus thunnina Orcynus thynnus Orthagoriscicola muricata Orthopristis chrysopterus Ortho pyxis caliculata Orygmatobothrium angustum ... Orygmatobothrium crenulatum Orygmatobothrium paulum Oscillaria subtorulosa Oscillatoria amphibia Oscillatoriaceae Oscillatoria laetevirens Osmerus mordax Ostraciidae Ostracoda Ostrea borealis Ostrea virginiana Ostrea virginica Ostreidae Otobothrihm crenacolle Otobothrium dipsacum Otolithus regalis. . . O valipes ocellatus Oxycephalidse Oxycephalus clausi Oxyrrhis marina Oxytrichidae Oxyurostylis smithi Paedophylax dispar Pcedophylax longiceps Page. Pagophila alba 776 Pagrus argyrops 757 Paguridae 666 Pagurus acadianus 667 Pagurus annulipes 668 Pagurus kroyeri 668 Pagurus longicarpus 667 Pagurus politus 668 Pagurus pollicaris 666 Pagurus pubescens 668 Palaemonidae 663 Palaemou tenuicornis 663 Palaemonetes vulgaris 663 Palinurichthys perciformis 754 Palinuris pcrciformis 754 Palio lessonii 705 Pallene brevirostris 677 Pallene empusa 677 Pallenidae 677 Palmellaceae 800 Pandalidae 664 Pandalus annulicornis 664 Pandalus leptocerus 664 Pandalus montagui 664 Pandarus cranchii 642 Pandarus sinuatus 642 Pandarus smithii 643 Pandora triline ata 699 Pandoridae 699 Panopeus angustifrons 674 Panopeus depressus 673 Panopeus Harrisii 674 Panopeus herbstii 673 Panopeus sayi 673 Paracaprella tenuis 657 Paralichthys dentatus 771 Paralichthys oblongus 772 Paramphithoidae 651 Paranais littoralis 634 Paranthura branchiata 658 Paraphoxus spinosus 649 Parapolia aurantiaca 590 Parasabella microphthalmia 630 Parasira catenulata 728 Parataenia medusia 587 P aratr actus pis quetos 752 Parexocoetus mesogaster 745 Parthenopidae 669 Parypha crocca ., 566 Pastinaca hastata 739 Pasythea nodosa 573 Pat ellina corrugat a 551 Pecten gibbus borealis 680 Pecten ir radians 6S0 Pecten islandicus 6S0 Pecten magellanicus 679 Pecten tenuico status 679 Pectinidae 679 Pedicellina cemua 595 Pedicellina Americana 595 Pedicellinida; 595 Pelagia cyanella 576 Pelagiidae 576 Pelamys sarda 749 Pelecanidae . 778 Pelecanus fuscus 778 Pelecanus occidentalis 778 Pelecypoda 678 Page. 780 780 780 639 634 7Si 780 728 728 705 586 661 621 554 57i 629 629 768 609 623 609 609 610 609 609 609 609 609 742 767 578 578 648 648 648 567 749 749 749 749 643 757 568 58s 586 586 797 798 797 798 743 762 636 678 678 678 678 586 586 758 672 648 648 553 555 662 615 615 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. 853 Pelia mutica Peltidiidae Peneidae PencBus brasiliensis Peneus brasiliensis Pennaria tiarella Pennariidae Pennella costai Pennella filosa Pentamera pulcherrima Peprilus paru Peranemidae Peridinidae Peridinium digitale Peridinium divergens Peridinium furca Perigonimus minutus Periploma papyracea Periplomatidae Pcrissopus communis Peritromidae Peritromus emmae Perophora viridis Perophoridae Petasidae Petricola pholadiformis Petricolidae Peiromyzon americanus Petromyzonidae Petromyzon marinus Phacoides filosus Phaeophyceae Phaeosporales Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax auritus Phalacrocorax carbo Phalaropodidae Phalaropus fulicarius Phalaropus lobatus Phascolion strombi Phascolosoma ccementanum . . . . Phascolosoma gouldii Phascolosoma verrillii Phialidium languidum Phialidium singularis Phialium duodecimal Philhydrus perplexus Philichthys xiphiae Philonexidae Philorthragoriscus serratus Philoscia vittata Phocaena communis Phocaena phocaena Phoca vitulina Phocidae Pholadidae Pholas costata Pholas truncata Pholididae Pholis gunnellus Phonorhynchus helgolandicus . Phoreiobothrium lasium Phoreiobothrium triloculatum Phormidium persicinum Photidae Phoxichilidiidae Phoxictiilidium maxillare Phoxichilus spinosus Page. Phoxocephalidae 649 Phoxocephalus holbolli 649 Phoxus Kroyeri 649 Phronima atlantica 648 Phronima sedentaria 648 Phronimidae 648 Phryxus abdominalis 661 Phycis chuss 770 Phycis regius 770 Phycis tenuis 770 Phyllitis fascia 807 Phyllobothrium foliatum 5S7 Phyllobothrium loliginis 587 Phyllobothrium thy sanocephalum 589 Phyllodoce catenula 616 Phyllodocidae 616 Phyllophora Brodiaei 824 Phyllophora Brodiaei var. catenata 824 Phyllophora membranifolia 824 Phyllopoda 636 Physalia arcthusa 575 Physalia pelagica 575 Physalidae 575 Physeteridae 781 Physeter macrocephalus 781 Phytomastigophora 553 Pilinia Reinschii 802 Pimelepturus boscii 758 Pinnixa chaetopterana 674 Pinnixa cylindrica 674 Pinnixa say ana 674 Pinnotheres maculatus 674 Pinnotheres ostreum 674 Pinnotheridae 674 Pisces 734 Piscicola rapax 635 Pista intermedia 627 Pista palmata 627 Placobranchus catulus 706 Plagiostomum morgani 582 Plagiostomum stellatum 582 Plagiostomum whitmani 582 Plagiostomum wilsoni 582 Planar ia grisea 580 Planariidae 58° Planes minutus 675 Planocera inquilina 580 Planocera nebulosa 5S0 Planoceridae 579 Platophrys ocellatus 773 Platybothrium cervinum 587 Platybothrium parvum 587 Platyhelminthes 579 Platynereis megalops 621 Platyonichus ocellatus 672 Platy pyxis cylindrica 568 Plectonema calothrichoides 799 Plectonema terebrans 832 Pleonosporium Borreri 818 Pleurobrachia pileus 579 Pleurobrachia rhododactyla 579 Pleurobrachiidae 579 Pleurobranchaea tarda 704 Pleurobranchidae 704 Pleurocapsa fuliginosa 797 Pleuronectes americanus 772 Pleuronectes maculatus 773 Page. 670 639 665 665 665 561 561 643 643 613 754 553 553 553 553 553 562 699 699 642 555 555 731 731 574 693 693 734 734 734 690 804 804 778 778 778 780 780 780 635 635 635 636 568 568 567 676 643 728 643 661 781 781 782 782 701 701 701 767 767 581 587 587 798 653 677 677 677 §54 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. Pleuronectidae Pleuronema chrysalis Pleurcnema setigera Pleuronemidse Pleurotoma bicar inata Pleurotoma bicarinatum . . . . Pleurotoma cerinum Pleurotoma plicata Plumaria elegans Plumularia tenella Plumulariidae Podarke obscura Podilymbus podiceps Podoceridae Podoceropsis nitida Podocerus falcatus Podocerus fucicola Podocerus marmoratus Podocoryne carnea Podocoryne fulgurans Podon leuckarti Podophrya gracilis Podophryidae. . : Poeciliidae Pogonias cromis Pogotrichum filiforme Polina glulinosa Pollachius carbonarius Pollachius virens Polycera Lessonii Polycerella emertoni Polyceridae Polychcerus caudatus Polychaeta Polycirrus eximeus Polycirrus phosphoreus. . . . Polycystidae Polycystis elabens Polydactylus octonemus. . . Polydora anoculata Polydora ciliatum Polydora colonia Polydora concharum Polydora littorea Polydora tubifex Polygordiidae Polygordius Polyides rotundus Polymastia robusta Polymastidae Polymorphina concava .... Polymorphina lactea Polymorphina rotundata . . Polymorphinidae Polynemidae Polynices duplicata Poly ni ces heros Polynices immaculata Polynices nana Polynices triseriata Polynoidae Polyonyx macrocheles Polyphemidae Polysiphonia atrorubescens , Polysiphonia elongata Polysiphonia fastigiata Polysiphonia fibrillosa Polysiphonia Harveyi Page. Polysiphonia nigrescens 821 Polysiphonia nigrescens var. fucoides 82 r Polysiphonia Olneyi 821 Polysiphonia urceolata - 822- Polysiphonia variegata 822 Polysiphonia vestita 822 Polysiphonia violacea 822 Polystomella crispa Polystomella striatopunctata Polystomellidae Pomacentridse Pomatomidae Pomatomus saltatrix Pomolobus aestivalis 742 Pomolobus mediocris 741 Pomolobus pseudoharengus 742 Pontella meadii 638 Pontellidae ' 638 Pontobdella rapax 635 Pontocypris edwardsi 636 Pontogenia inermis 651 Pontonema marinum 594 Pontonema vacillatum 594 Pontoporeiidae 649 Porcellana (Polyonyx) macrocheles 669 Porcellanidae 669 Porella acutirostris 605 Porella concinna 605 Porella proboscidea 605 Porella propinqua 605 Porifera 556 Porina tubulosa 601 Porinidae 601 Poronotus triacanthus 754. Porphyra laciniata 813 Porphyra leucosticta 813 Porphyra vulgaris 813 Porpita linnaeana 574 Porpitidae 574 Portunidae 672 Portunus ordwayi 672 Portunus sayi 672 Potamilla oculifera 631 Praxilella producta 630 Praxilella tricirrata 630 Praxilella zonalis 629 Priacanthidae Priacanthus alius .... Priacanthus arenatus Pringsheimia scutata 802 Prionace glauca 735 Prionospio heterobranchia 624 Prionospio tenuis 624 Prionotus carolinus 765 Prionotus evolans 766' Prionotus lineatus 766 Prionotus palmipes 765 Prionotus strigatus 766 Probopyrus palcemoneticola 661 Probopyrus pandalicola 661 Proboscidactyla ornata 563 Procellariidae 777 Procerodes ulvce 580 Procerodes warrenii 580 Procerodes wheatlandi 580 Promesostoma marmoratum nudum 581 Promicropterus decor atus 756- Prorhynchus stagnalis 581 Page. 771 554 554 554 707 707 707 707 818 573 573 616 775 653 653 654 654 654 562 562 636 555 555 743 759 807 592 769 769 705 704 704 581 615 628 628 556 797 748 625 625 625 624 625 624 629 629 829 557 557 55i 55i 55i 55i 748 724 725 727 727 726 617 669 636 820 820 820 821 821 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. 855 Prorocentridae Prothiostomidae Prothiostomum gracile Protiara borealis Protiara haeckeli Protococcales Protoderma marinum Protozoa Protula. Proxenetes modestus Psammobiidae Pseudocytheretta edwardsi Pseudodiaptomus coronatus Pseudopleuronectes americanus Pseudopotamilla oculifcra Pseudopriacanthus altus Pterogorgia gracilis Pterophryne histrio Pteroplatea maclura Pteropoda Pterosyllis cincinnata Ptilanthura tenuis Ptilocheirus pinguis Ptilota elegans Puffinus borealis Puffinus fuliginosus Puffinus gravis Puffinus griseus Pulvinulina lateralis Pulvinulina tumida Punctaria latifolia Punctaria plantaginea Punctaria tenuissima Pungitius pungitius Purpura lapillus Putorius vison lutreocephalus. . . Pycnogonida Pycnogonididae Pycnogonum littorale Pygosteus dekayi Pygosteus pungitius Pylaiella littoralis Pyramidella bartschi Pyramidella fusca Pyramidella producta Pyramidellidae Pyramis fusca Querimana gyrans Querquedula discors Rachy cent rid ae Rachycentron canadus Raia diaphana Raia eglanteria Raja eglanteria Raja erinacea Raja las vis Raja ocellata Raja radiata Rajidae Ralfsiaceae Ralfsia clavata Ralfsia verrucosa Ranella caudata Rathkea octopunctata, var. grata. Remora brachyptera Remora remora Remoropsis brachyptera Reniera Reptilia 774 Rhadinocladia cylindrica 832 Rkadinocladia Farlowii 807 Rhamphostomella bilaminata 605 Rhamphostomella costata 605 Rhamphostomella ovata 605 Rhegmatodes tenuis 571 Rhinebothrium cancellatum 587 Rhinebothrium flexile 587 Rhinebothrium longicolle 587 Rhinebothrium minimum 587 Rhinoncmus cimbrius 770 Rhinoptera bonasus 739 Rhinoptera quadriloba 739. Rhithropanopeus harrisii 674 Rhizoclonium Kemeri 803 Rhizoclonium riparium 803 Rhizoclonium tortuosuin 803 Rhizomastigidas 552 Rhizophyllidaceae 829 Rhizopoda 549 Rhoda inermis 663 Rhodine attenuata 629 Rhodochorton membranaceum 818 Rhodochorton Rothii 818 Rhododenmis Georgii 830 Rhodomelaceae 819 Rhodomelales 819 Rhodomela Rochei 822 Rhodomela subfusca 822 Rhodomela virgata 823 Rhodophyceas 813 Rhodophyllidaceae 825 Rhodymeniaceae 827 Rhodymeniales 826 Rhodymenia palmata 828 Rhombochirus osteochir 766 Rhombus paru 754 Rhombus triacanthus 754 Rhopalonema typicum 574 Rhopalonema vrlatum 574 Rhynchobolus americanus 623 Rhynchobolus dibranchiatus 623 Rhynchobothrium agile 587 Rhynchobothrium attcnuatum 587 Rhynchobothrium. bisulcatum 589 Rhynchobothrium brevispine 587 Rhynchobothrium bulbifer 587 Rhynchobothrium heterospine 587 Rhynchobothrium hispidum 587 Rhynchobothrium imparispine 588 Rhynchobothrium lomentaceum 588 Rhynchobothrium longicorne 588 Rhynchobothrium longispine 588 Rhynchobothrium speciosum 588 Rhynchobothrium tenuicolle 587 Rhynchobothrium tenuispine 588 Rhynchobothrium tumidulum 588 Rhynchobothrium wageneri 588 Rhynchops nigra 777 Rissa tridactyla 776 Rissoa aculeus 720 Rissoa arcnaria 720 Rissoa exarata 720 Rissoa minuta 720 Rissoa stimpsoni 720 Rissoidae 720 Page. 553 580 580 562 562 800 801 549 631 581 693 637 638 772 631 757 576 774 739 703 615 658 653 818 777 778 777 778 55i 55 2 807 807 807 746 7i4 782 677 677 677 746 746 805 715 715 715 715 715 747 779 754 754 738 738 738 737 738 738 738 737 810 810 810 713 563 766 766 766 558 856 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. Rivularia atra Rivularia Biasolettiana Rivulariaceae Rivularia hospita Rivularia nitida Rivularia plicata Rivularia polyotis Roccus lincatus Rochfortia planulata Rotalia beccarii Rotalidae Rypticus bistrispinus Sabella microphthalmia Sabcllaria vulgaris Sabellidae Sabcllides pusilla Sagartia Icucolena Sagartia luciae Sagartia modesta Sagartiidae Sagitta elegans Salmonidae Salmo salar Sal pa caboti Sal pa caboti var. cyanea Salpa democratica-mucronata Salpa zonaris-cordiformis Salpidae Salvelinus fontinalis Sapphirina gemma Sarda pelamys Sarda sarda Sargassum bacciferum Sargassum Filipendula Sargassum Filipendula var. subedentatum. Sargassum vulgar e Sargus ovis Sarothrodus maculocinctus Sarsia hargitti Sarsia tubulosa var. mirabilis Sarsiella americana Sarsiella zostericola Saxicava arctica Saxicavidae Scala grcenlandica Scala lineata Scala multistriata Scalaria grcenlandica Scalaria lineata Scalaria multistriata Scalibregma brevicauda Scalibregmidae Scalidae Scaphandridae Scapharca transversa Scaphospora Kingii Scaridae Scarus eroicensis Scelidae Schizopoda Schizoporella auriculata Schizoporella biaperta Schizoporella kyalina Schizoporella sinuosa Schizoporella unicornis Schizotricha tenella Sciaenidae Sciaenops ocellatus Page. Scinaia furcellata 814 Scionopsis palmata 627 Scolecolepis cirrata 624 Scolecolepis viridis 624 Scolex polymorphus 588 Scoloplos acutus 623 Scoloplos fragilis 624 Scoloplos robustus 624 Scomber colias 749 Scomber japonicus 749 Scomber scombrus 748 Scomber vernalis 748 Scomber esox scutellatus Scomberomorus cavalla Scomberomorus maculatus. Scomberomorus regalis 750 Scombresocidae 745 Scombresox saurus 745 Scombridae 748 Scorpsena grandicomis 764 Scorpaena plumieri 764 Scorpaeidae 762 Scruparia clavata 598 Scrupocellaria scabra 59s Scutellidae 612 Scyllcea edwardsii 704 Scyllaea pelagica 704 Scyllaeidae 704 Scyphacella arenicola 661 Scyphacidae 661 Scyphozoa s75 Scytonemaceae 799 Seytosiphon lomentarius 807 Sebastes marinus 764 Seila terebralis 71 7 Seirospora Grifiithsiana 818 Selene argentea 753 Selene selipinnis 753 Selene vomer 753 Semelidae 696 Seriola dumerili 7SI Seriola lalandi 751 Seriola zonata 75I Serpula dianthus 631 Serpulidae 631 Serranidae 755 Scrranus atrarius 756 Sertularella abieiina Sertularella gayi Sertularella polyzonias. . Sertularella tricuspidata , Sertularia argentea 572 Sertularia complexa 572 Sertularia comicina 572 Sertularia cuprcssina 5 73 Sertularia gracilis 572 Sertularia pumila 572 Sertularia versluysi 572 Sertulariidae 572 Sesarma recticulata 675 Sesarma reticulatum 675 Sibbaldius borealis 781 Sigalionidae 618 Sigalion arenicola 619 Siliqua costata 69^ Siluridae 740 Sipho islandicus 708 Sip ho pygmeeus 708 Page. 800 832 799 800 800 800 800 755 689 552 55i 756 630 634 630 628 577 S77 577 577 595 743 743 734 734 734 734 734 743 639 749 749 812 812 812 812 758 761 560 560 636 636 701 701 714 714 714 714 714 714 630 630 7M 703 684 811 760 760 648 663 602 602 603 602 602 573 758 759 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. 857 Sipho stimpsoni Siphonales Siphoncecetes cuspidalus Siphonoecetes smithianus Siphonorbis pygmaeus Si phostoma fuscum Sipunculida Sipunculidae Skenea planorbis Slabberia strangulata Smittia porifera Smittia trispinosa Smittia trispinosa nitida Solariella obscura Solaster endeca SolasteridcE Solecurtus divisus Solecurlus gibbus Soleidae Solemya borealis Solemya velum Solen ensis Solenidae Solenomya borealis Solenomya velum Solenomyidse Somateria dresseri Somateria mollissima borealis. Somateria spectabilis Sorocarpus uvaeformis Sparidae Sparisoma flavescens Spatula cly peata Spermothamnion Turaeri. . . . Sphacelariaceae Sphacelaria cirrhosa Sphacelaria radicans Sphaerifer lintoni Sphaerococcaceae Sphaeroma quadridentata Sphaeroma quadridentatum . . . . Sphaeromidae Sphaeronectes gracilis Sphaerosyllis Sphaerozyga Carmichaelii Spheroides maculatus Spheroides spengleri Spheroides testudineus Spheroides trichocephalus Sphyraena barracuda Sphyraena borealis Sphyraena guachancho Sphyraena picuda Sphyraenidae Sphyrnidae Sphyma zygaena Spiochaetopterus oculatus Spionidae Spio robusta Spio setosa Spirialis gouldii Spiroloculina limbata Spirontocaris groenlandica . . . Spirontocaris liljeborgii Spirontocaris pusiola Spiroptera pectinifer Spirorbis borealis Spirorbis fewkesii Page. Spirorbis lucidus 633 Spirorbis por recta 633 Spirorbis quad rangularis 633 Spirorbis spirillum 633 Spirorbis spirorbis 632 Spirorbis stimpsoni 633 Spirorbis tubaeformis 632 Spirulafragilis 727 Spirula peronii 727 Spirulidae 727 Spirulina Meneghiniana 832 Spirulina subsalsa 798 Spirulina tenuis sima 798 Spisula solidissima 697 Spongia sulphur e a 557 Spongiobothrium variabile 589 Sporozoa 556 Spyridia filamentosa 819 Squalidae 737 Squalus acanthias 73 7 Squalus americanus 737 Squamariaceae 830 Squatina dumerili 737 Squatina squatina 737 Squatinidae 737 Squilla empusa 662 Staurophora laciniata 567 Staurophora mertensii 567 Staurostoma laciniata 567 Steen strupia aurata 561 Steenstrupia virgulata 561 Steganopus tricolor 780 Stegocephalidae 650 Stegocephalus inflatus 650 Stegophryxus hyptius 661 Stenostomum coluber 581 Stenothoe cypris 650 Stenothoe minuta 650 Stenothoidae 650 Stenotomus argyrops 757 Stenotomus chrysops 757 Stenotomus gardeni 757 Stenotomus versicolor 757 Stentoridae 555 Stepkanolepsis setifer 761 Stercorariidae 776 Stercorarius longicaudus 776 Stercorarius parasiticus 776 Stercorarius pomarinus 776 Stereoderma unisemita 614 Sterna antillarum 777 Sterna caspia 777 Sterna dougalli 777 Sterna fuscata 777 Sterna hirundo 777 Sterna maxima 777 Sterna paradisea 777 Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida 777 Stemaspidae 630 Stemaspis fossor 630 Sternaspis scutata 630 Sterrocolax decipiens 825 Sthenelais emertoni 619 Sthenelais gracilis 619 Sthenelais picta 618 Stichaeidae 768 Stigonemaceae 799 Stilifer stimpsoni 715 Page. 708 804 655 655 708 746 63 s 63 s 721 560 60s 604 604 727 607 607 694 693 773 687 687 695 695 687 687 687 779 779 780 806 757 760 779 819 806 806 806 643 826 659 659 659 575 . 615 798 762 762 763 763 747 748 748 747 747 736 736 625 624 624 . 624 703 549 664 664 664 594 632 633 858 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. Stilophoraceae Stilophora rhizodes Stolephorus argyrophanus Stolepkorus brownii Stolephorus mitchilli Stomatopoda Stomatopora diastoporoides Stomobrachium tentaculatum . . . . Stomotoca apicata Stomotoca dinema Stomotoca rugosa Streblonema Chordariae Streblonema oligosporum Streblonema parasiticum Striaria attenuata Striariaceae Stromateidae Stromaleus triacanthus Strombidium caudatum Strongylocentrotidae Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis Styela partita Stylactis hooperi Stylifer Stimpsoni Styliola vitrea Stylochopsis littoralis Stylochus zebra Suberites compacta Suberitidae Suctoria Sula bassana Sulidae Sunamphitoe pelagica Syconidae Sycotypus canaliculatus Syllidae Syllides setosa Syllides verrilli Syllis pallida Sympetrum Sympleustes glaber Sympleustes latipes Synapta inkcerens Synapta roseola Synaptidae Synbothrium filicolle Syncoelidium pellucidum Syncoryne mirabilis Syncoryne producta Syndesmobothrium filicolle Syngnathidae Syngnathus fuscus Syngnalhus peckianus Synodontidae Synodus foe tens Synoicidae Tabanus Taenia chamissonii Taenia dilatata Taeniosomidae Tagelus divisus Tagelus gibbus Talorchestia longicornis Talorchestia megaloplithalma Tanaidae Tanais cavolinii Tanais filum T anais vittatus Page. Tanystylum orbiculare 677 Tarpon atlanticus 741 Tautoga onitis 760- Tautogolabrus adspersus 759 Tealia crassicornis 577 Tealiidae 577 Teclura alveus 727 T ectura testudinalis 727 Tedania 558 Tellamia contorta 802 T elli my a eleva ta 6891 T ellimya ferruginosa 689 Tellina tenella 694 Tellina tenera 694 Tellina tenta 695 Tellinidae 694 T emnodon saltator 753 Temora longicornis 638 Terebellidae 626 Teredinidae 702 Teredo megotara. 702 Teredo navalis 702- Teredo thomsoni 702 Tergipes despectus 705 Testudinidae 775 Tetanocera 676 Tcthya gravata 558’ Tethya gravida 55$ Tethyidae 55$ Tethys willcoxi 704 T etradidemnum albidum. ... ^ 731 Tetraglene agilis 615^ Tetragonuridae 755 Tetragonurus cuvieri 755- Tetraodon geomtricus 763. Tetraodon trichocephalus 763 Tetraodontid ae 762 Tetrapterus albidus 750 Tetrapterus imperator 750 Tetrarhynchus bicolor 589 Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus 589- Tetrarhynchus elongatus 589 Tetrarhynchus erinaceus 589 Tetrarhynchus lintoni % 589 Tetrarhynchus robustus 589 Tetrarhynchus tenue 589 Tetrastemma candidum 592 Tetrastemma dorsale 592 Tetrastemma elegans 592- Tetrastemma vermiculus 592- T etrastcmma vittatum 592- Tetrastemmatidae 592 T eirodon IcBvigaius 762 Tetrodon turgidus 762 Tetronarce occidentalis 739 Teuthididae 761 Teuthis bahianus 761 Teuthis caeruleus 761 Teuthis hepatus 761 Textulariidae 551 Thais lapillus 7J4 Tkalassochelys caretta 774 Thalestridae 639 Thalestris gibba 639 Thallophyta 797 Thamnocnidia tenella 566 Thaumantiidae 567 Thelepus cincinnatus 627- Page. 810 810 743 742 743 662 597 57i 562 562 562 806 806 806 807 807 754 754 555 611 611 730 564 715 703 579 579 558 558 55s 778 778 654 556 707 615 615 615 615 676 651 651 614 614 614 589 580 560 560 589 746 746 746 743 743 732 676 589 589 590 694 693 648 648 657 657 657 657 INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. 859 thracia conradi Thracia septentrionalis Thracia truncata Thraciidae Thuiaria argent ea Thuiaria cupressina Thuiaria thuja Thunnus thynnus Thyasira gouldii Thyasira trisinuata Thyone briareus Thy one fusus Thyone scabra Thyone unisemita Thyropus Thysanocephalum crispum Thysanocephalum ridiculum Thysanoessa inermis Thysanopoda inermis Thysanopoda norvegica Tiaridae Tiarina fusus Tiaropsis diademata Tilopteridaceae Tima formosa Tintinnidae Tintinnopsis beroidea compressa. . . . Tintinnopsis beroidea plagiostoma . . Tintinnopsis davidoffi Tintinnus Tomopteridae Tomopterus helgolandica Tornaiella puncto- striata Tornatijna canaliculata Tornatinidae Torpedo occidentals Tortanus bumpusii. Tortanus discaudata Tottenia gemma Tottenia manhattensis Trachelinidae Trachelobdella vividus Trachelocerca phcenicopterus Trachinocephalus myops Trachinotus argenteus Trachinotus carolinus Trachinotus falcatus Trachinotus goodei T rachinotus ovatus Trachurops crumenophthalmus Trachurus trachurus Trachydermon ruber Trachyncma digitate Trachynemidae Travisia carnea Trebius tenuifurcatus Trematoda Trentepohlia davicsii Trentepohlia virgalula var. secundata Trichiuridae Trichiurus lepturus Trichophrya salparum Trichosphaerium sieboldi Triforidae Triforis nigrocinctus Triglidae Trigonoporus folium Trigonostomum marki Page. Trilocularia gracilis 589 T ristomum coccineum 585 Tristomum laeve 585 Tristomum molse 585 Tristomum papillosum 585 Tristomum rudolphianum 585 Tritia trivittata 708 Triticellidae 607 Tritonofusus curtus 708 Tritonofusus islandicus 708 Tritonofusus stimpsoni 708 Trochamminidae 549 Trochidae 727 Trochostoma oolitica 614 Trophonia affinis 630 Tropistemus glaber 676 Tropistemus nimbatus 676 Truncatella truncatula 721 T runcatellid ae 721 Truncatulina lobatula 551 Truncatulina rosea 551 Trygon centrura 739 Trygon centrura 739 Trypanosyllis 615 Trypetesa lampas 644 Trypetesidae 644 Tryphosa pinguis 649 Tubifex benedeni 634 Tubifex hamatus 634 Tubifex irroratus 634 Tubificidae 634 Tubularia couthouyi 565 Tubularia crocea 566 T ubularia larynx 566 Tubularia parasitica 567 Tubularia spectabilis 566 Tubularia tenella 566 Tubulariidae 565 Tubulipora atlantica 597 Tubulipora flabellaris 597 Tubulipora liliacea 597 Tubuliporidae 597 Tucca corpulentus. 640 Tucca impressus 640 Tunicata 729 Turbellaria 579 Turbonilla aequalis 715 Turbonilla areolata 715 Turbonilla buteonis 716 T urbonilla costulata 716 Turbonilla elegans 715 Turbonilla elegantula 715 Turbonilla equalis. 715 Turbonilla interrupta 715 Turbonilla mighelsi 716 Turbonilla nivea 715 Turbonilla rathbuni 716 Turbonilla stricta 715 Turbonilla sumneri 716 T urbonilla verrilli 715 Turbonilla vineae 715 Turbonilla winkleyi 716 Turbonilla winkleyi senilis 716 Turris episcopalis 562 Turris vesicaria 562 Turritella interrupta 715 Turritidae 707 Turritopsis nutricula 562 Page. 698 698 698 698 572 573 572 749 690 690 613 614 614 614 648 589 589 663 663 663 562 554 568 811 567 555 555 555 555 555 624 624 703 703 703 739 638 638 692 692 554 635 554 743 753 753 753 753 753 752 752 702 574 574 629 642 582 813 813 750 750 556 549 717 717 765 580 581 86o INDEX TO SYSTEMATIC NAMES. Tylocephalum pingue Tylosurus acus T ylosurus caribboeus Tylosurus marinus Uca minax Uca pugilator Uca pugnax Ulmaridae Ulothrix flacca Ulothrix implexa Ulotrichaceae Ulotrichales Ulvaceae Ulva Lactuca Ulva Lactuca var. latissima Ulva Lactuca var. rigida Ulvaria subbifurcata Unciola irrorata Upogebia affinis Uria lomvia Urochorda Uronema marina Ur onychia setigera Uronychia transfuga Urophycis chuss Urophycis regius Urophycis tenuis Urosalpinx cinerea Urosalpinx cinereus Urospora penicilliformis Urothoe Utriculus canaliculatus Vaginarieae V dlcncinia rubens Valkeria uva Valkeriidae Vaucheriaceae Vaucheria litorea Voucher ia piloboloides Vaucheria Thuretii Velella mutica Velellidae Velutina halioioidea Velutina laevigata Velutina zonata Venericardia borealis Venericardia borealis nov-angliae. Page. Veneridae 692 V eniliidae 691 Venus mcrcenaria 692 Venus notata 692 Vermetidae 718 V ermetus radicula 718 Vermicularia spirata 718 Verneuilina polystropha 551 Vesicularia armata 607 Vesicularia cuscata 606 Vesicularia dichotoma 606 Vesicularia familiaris 606 Vesicularia gracilis 606 Vesiculariidae 606 Vibilia viatrix 647 Vibiliidae 647 V irbius zoster icola 664 Vomer curtus 753 Vomer setipinnis 753 Vorticella marina 555 Vorticella patellina 553 Vorticcllidae 553 Webbina hemispherica 549 Willia omata 563 Woodsholia lilliei 581 Xanthidae 673 Xestolebris depressa 636 Xiphias gladius 751 Xiphiidae 751 Xiphosura 676 Yoldia limatula 686 Yoldia myalis 686 Yoldia sapotilla 686 Yoldia thraciaeformis 687 Zanclea cladophora 565 Zanclea gemmosa 5 65 Zirphaea crispata 701 Zoanthidae 576- Zoarces anguillaris 768 Zoarcidae 768 Zoomastigophora 55 2 Zoothamnium elegans 55 5 Zostera marina 831 Zygaena malleus 73 & Zygeupolia rubens 590 Zygodactyla groenlandica 57 1 Zygonemertes virescens 59i Page. 589 745 745 744 675 675 675 575 800 800 800 800 801 801 801 801 768 656 . 666 775 729 554 555 555 770 770 770 713 713 832 649 703 797 590 606 606 804 804 804 804 574 574 727 727 727 687 . 687 o \