eee To Ok A ey io Ne UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS ¢ Né GEOLOGY ANDREW C. LAWSON AND JOHN C. MERRIAM EDITORS VOLUME Vill WITH 70 PLATES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY 1914-1915 ’ 7H 3. shy CONTENTS PAGE No. 1. Is the Boulder Batholith a Laceolith? A Problem in Ore- Genesis, by Amdrew (Co WawSone 1s 2n- seen cee eee ceen ne seeecceneneee 1 No. 2. Note on the Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, by Roy E. IDV CILONSON: «Fs 25a ssc 8css 0.5. sses soap sasase ys seencemeeonenscegeesreretececagscese ses ceseeeseese 17 No. 3. Teeth of a Cestraciont Shark from the Upper Triassic of Northern California, by Harold C. Bryant ...........2.....2..-2..------- 27 No. 4. Bird Remains from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, byl oyerblolmes Viner 2225. oe eee cc seaceescescente nace erst cette nec tascatanee 3] No. 5. Tertiary Echinoids of the Carrizo Creek Region in the Colo- rado Desert, by William S. W.. Kew ...............--2..--s-1-----teceeeeee 39 No. 6. Fauna, of the Martinez Eocene of California, by Roy Ernest DU CICOTS OMY ace ssc cez teen feces cas sata oases eee cd ave ous cistes Waucest stones saver eee 61 No. 7. Descriptions of New Species of Fossil Mollusca from the Later Marine Neocene of California, by Bruce Martin........ 181 No. 8. The Fernando Group near Newhall, California, by Walter A. No. 9. Ore Deposition in and near Intrusive Rocks by Meteoric Waters, by Andrew C. Lawson .........-280)c---.-- tines eee 219 No. 10. The Agasoma-Like Gastropods of the California Tertiary, by AYE Mey = pl V8 =) ea a eee eee ee PR ena 243 No. 11. The Martinez and Tejon Eocene and Associated Formations of the Santa Ana Mountains, by Roy E. Dickerson ................ 257 No. 12. The Occurrence of Tertiary Mammalian Remains in North- eastern Nevada, by vohn C. Merriam ...............22..-22----20---0------- 275 No. 13. Remains of Land Mammals from Marine Tertiary Beds in the Tejon Hills, California, by John C. Merriam ..........................-. 283 No. 14. The Martinez Eocene and Associated Formations at Rock Creek on the Western Border of the Mohave Desert Area, Diy; dR Oye cE aD ICICOTS OM, 222225 sosesteces se -eccavece seas tosses seas teeeas Neve eer nese No. 15. New Molluscan Species from the Martinez Eocene of South- ern’ California, by Roy HW. sDickersom! 222.2....20 299 No. 16. A Proboseidean Tooth from the Truckee Beds of Western Nevada bi Jolin, I. Burwell, 2222222 ccccceccece cece -cceeee-eeseeeeesss a2 305 No. 17. Notes on the Copper Ores at Ely, Nevada, by Alfred R. Whit- MOL ATU caste Sevevat sets eenedves fecnevaccaneeme .essuacs Perot san seseeeiestucsYou vesss sees. .Seeees. 309 No. 18. Skull Dentition of the Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea, by Chester Stock: (:5 5.2L yout eee teres oe ears cs secretes ees 319 No. 19. Tertiary Mammal Beds of Stewart and Ione Valleys in West- Central Nevada, by John P. Buwalda. ....200...220..22222.11:-:000--0---- 335 No. 20. Tertiary Echinoids from the San Pablo Group of Middle Cali- Forniarmbiy allan. Vien Kew, Sco cr eres eee eee ee oe 365 No. 21. An Occurrence of Mammalian Remains in a Pleistocene Lake Deposit at Astor Pass, near Pyramid Lake, Nevada, by John C. Merriam ............. ae re ie ee PS See OD eae OE aE aa OR ELS otal No. 22. Fauna of the San Pablo Group of Middle California, by He higp(ocey) leer Cy] Fei Kee eee er tere oe werner pepe re ere oeereee ts tory eee eee 385 a6 Wp pet ae ao pee oe eo DE REE EOL Dire EDN EN Al SES EE pC 2! ere ee 583 aSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF : GEOLOGY 1, pp. 1-15 IS THE BOULDER “BATHOLITH” A we s LACCOLITH ? | A PROBLEM IN ORE-GENESIS Bets ANDREW C. LAWSON UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Issued January 8, 1914 \ eS a j -< Sas: aon Institigo. ay % WN LN -eations of learned societies and institutions, Nore.—"The University of California Pann are of rsiti all the publications of the University will be sent upon : regneeks Ber publications and other information, address the Manager ‘Unive California, U. S. A. All matter sent in exchange should be addressed to Department, University Library, ei aR a: Palearet.. U. 8. A. ar Orro HaRRASSOWITZ R. FRIEDLAENDER & § LEIPZIG . BERLIN ~ Agent for the series in American-Arch- >. Agent for the series in Am aeology and Ethnology, Classical Philology, aeology and Hthnology, Agricult t Economiés, Education, History, Modern Botany, Geology, Math logy, Philology, Philosophy, Psychology. . Physiology, Zoology, and Memoirs. Ye. i. ny ; mele : +s i. — Geology.—Anpbrew C. Lawson and Jaan C. Merriam, Editors. , Price per “Volumes I (pp. 435), IL (pp. 450),*III (pp. 475), IV (pp. 462),V (pp. is VI (pp. 454), and VIT (pp. 500), completed. Vol. VIII in progress. Cited as Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Pi Volume i, 1893-1896, 435-pp., with 18 plates, price .....-.2.---sine-es UAE WORE, 8 aa Volume 2, 1896-1902, 450 pp., with 17 plates and 1 map, price ~....0..-..-.. ibs Volume 3, 1902-1904, 482 pp.,. with: Si plates, price <2 ..isc2 eee cee : A list of the titles in volumes 1,72 and 3 will be sent upon request. _ vdthnbt’ 4, i The ‘smite of the ee Region: of the Main Walker River, Tava by - Oe deen nme n ewan as sew eanan nneere ne nennaec een dans uemeamennaanpenssecennmanecentssnnsentensnesenseenencunessananseteahesseeum: 2 NU OT TAA EE ccna cence conn ene tewcant cemtpasafUaccoucce ites sex banat nents pete tac 3. Geological Section of the Coast Ranges North of the Bay of San ald “a Pi A C)50 OY seaah 08 9 ee Meee ee Maren rey |S sneer A Maa Me I ee oi 4, Arcas-of the California Neocene, by Vance C. Osmont.........2...2sc0l.--vesenesneceansneee ee ee 5. Contribution to the Palaeontology of the Martinez Group, by Charles H. We 6. New or Imperfectly Known Rodents and Ungulates from the John Day Series, 7 With teairan (fe) SULLA E oso. cop nc eo aedefeame test theme ttre ho ncepennsnns ese Me a ee 7. New Mammalia from the Quarternary Caves of California, by William J. Si: 8. Preptoceras, a New Ungulate from the Samwel Cave, California, by Furlong osacintsnihonne eee 9. A New Sabre-tooth from California, by John C. Merriam ~....-...-.--ccscccenee-om cy ae 10. The Strueture and Genesis of the Comstock Lode, by John A. Reid.............. eee at 11. The Differential Thermal Conductivities of Certain Schists, by Paul Thales 12. Sketch of the Geology of Mineral King, California, by A. Knopf and P. Thel 13. Cold Water Belt Along the West Coast of the United States, by Ruliff S. : ol 14, The Copper Deposits of the Robinson Mining District, Nevada, by Andrew TAOS Seto y BCBS a Se seca ncc na i nt dca ee Me ce apneic das RU eestor va. SS 15. I. Contribution to the Classification of the Amphiboles. TI. On Somg Glaucophane Schists, Syenites, ete., by G. Murgoéi................ Be 16. The Geomorphic Features of the Middle Kern, by Andrew C. Lawson 17. Notes on the Foothill Copper Belt of the Sierra Nevada, by A. Knopf. 18. An Alteration of Coast Range Serpentine, by A. Knopf. ‘d Nos. 17 and 18 in OM€ COVEM-.....--..--.---c-cecnceseenn-s-e-cenensnasnenesanesinnenseescansenansnen ; 19. The Geomorphogeny of the Tehachapi Valley System, by Andrew C. rap amon.. a i VOLUME 5 1. Carnivora from the lertiaty ormations of the John Day Region, by Johi Meer riearng eo eh ee Se a ae ge eat Docc ea ea 2. Some Edentate-like Remains from the Maseall Beds of Oregon, by Willia Sinclair. 3. Fossil Mollusea from thé ‘John ‘Day and Maseall ‘Beds ‘of Oregon, by Robert E - Stearis. - : Nos. /Qvand (3! One’ COV SR 2..cc. bees. oe. eee ee a eee eee 4. New Goatranonle Teeth from the West American Triassic, by Edna M, 5. Preliminary Note on a New Marine Reptile from the Middle Triassic of by John C. Merriam...................... NSS ae pei Ee peat Len oni apoade tata UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1-15 Issued January 8, 1914 IS THE BOULDER ‘“‘BATHOLITH” A LACCOLITH? A PROBLEM IN ORE-GENESIS BY ANDREW C. LAWSON CONTENTS PAGE Hina tet CU CUT OTN sence ese. Fees ee ss occccezks sas ceecceacs conse cucedevesi.ctusuesctatgecdits oe /Scede-sbcpcaaceicteceesosseccessavecn 1 Walswenession the Merm Batholith ~-..2:--..-c.-.-2.-ccc--cnescctesseccecceeceeesceeecsecenseerseneaseeceness 3 Distinction between Laccolith and Batholith -.......00.20.000.20.2.eeteeeeeeeeee eee 4 ABM LO ITE aon YF evo ee eee 4 HES NUL OMIM Lagan each see oes tase tee Sco 2ase seta nn tee dea Guus eee bees Oot 22s cug ste rece ceacs glee. sacce cease 6 Criteria Applied to the Boulder Intrusive ........2..2.......21.2.22:22-c2seeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeee 8 SIZ, © ete ec cmersete re es Dea swe rece eec oes Sete a cet ses (oeee 10 tear dot esuexeeeeors ceed sdeccu ce net g tc tesescnce? 8 SOUT UC ULM AMC a CULES) cescere a aetene te «canned che coe sere o aces cee pesasteesz=ec.8-s 00 ccrescee Sort oeesessesseinse 9 Mite tievrnn ONG Sry geese se seee ceva ce eee ec eon cue e scee. feeee. coaster evens ses eere sencczecetstewcgscsece sc002anecuceae: 12 Consequences of the Laccolithie Hypothesis -.........2...20.22.22--2-22.-0 eee 3 Magmatice Concentration of Sulphides —0..2.........22..22-.2::c2:cesceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 13 Aiccess: of Mieteorie. Waters: <..2:ccccec:scet--seecceeecescteseceseeeeeeee ie ate Sa ais ae 14 CCEA UST a ee Pe ee reer ee eeeeee 15 INTRODUCTION The granite (quartz-monzonite) in which the mines of Butte, Montana, are situated was stated by Weed' in 1899 to be a batholith and was named by him the ‘‘Boulder batholith.’’ The statement was accompanied by a brief account of the intrusive relations of the eranite to the surrounding rocks at Elkhorn and Helena. Since then various writers who have discussed the geology of this intrusive 1Granite Rocks of Butte, Montana, and Vicinity, Jour. Geol., vol. 7, p. 7387, 1899. 2 University of Californa Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 mass have accepted without question Weed’s interpretation of its structure and it has become well known by his name. These writers have been interested primarily in the study of the ore deposits, which occur either in the supposed batholith or on its periphery, and the assumption which has been made by them as to its batholithie char- acter has had an important influence upon their speculations as to the genesis of the ores. Thus Weed? in 1912 says: ‘‘Though the evidence is not conclusive, it is belheved to indicate that the copper and other metals of the quartz-pyrite veins are derived from mag- matic emanations coming from a deep-seated mass of igneous magma.’’ Kurk® concludes: ‘‘The two ultimate sources possible for these ascending waters are, (1) meteoric, and (2) magmatic. The location of these deposits many miles within a comparatively impervious batholth renders difficult the conception that meteoric waters could have gained aecess to a point where their ascent finally became pos- sible. . . . A supposition that appears to conform well with all existing conditions is that the origin of both waters and ore was in a cooling magma comparatively near the present surface—a state of affairs which might well exist locally within a large batholith.”’ Knopf* reaches a similar conclusion with regard to the older ore deposits of the Helena region at the northern end of the intrusive mass; although his chief argument for the magmatic supply of the ore is based on the presence of tourmaline in the veins. He says: Although it seems clear that the ore deposits are closely linked in origin with the intrusion of the quartz-monzonite, this causal connection may ulti- mately be due either to (1) the heat furnished by the magma, thus stimulating the circulation of meteoric waters and increasing their solvent powers, or (2) to the release of metalliferous solutions from the cooling magma, or (3) to combinations of (1) and (2). The current theory of ore deposits holds that the presence of tourmaline, because of its content of boron and fluorine, is proof that the deposits in which it oceurs were formed by direct exhalations from a cooling magma. In the ore deposits here considered the solutions that carried the elements of the tourmaline carried also those of the metallic sul- phides and the sulphides were formed contemporaneously with the tourmaline. It is therefore probable that the ore-depositing solutions were of magmatic derivation and represent the final manifestation of the intrusive energy of the great monzonite invasion. 2 Geology and Ore Deposits of the Butte District, Montana, U. 8. G. 8. Pro- fessional Paper 74, p. 97. 3 Conditions of Mineralization in the Copper Veins at Butte, Montana, Eco- nomic Geology, Vol. 7, p. 80, 1912. 4 Ore Deposits of the Helena Mining Region, Montana, U. 8S. G. S. Bull. 527, pp. 51-53, 1913. 1914] Lawson: Is the Boulder “ Batholith’’ a Laccolith ? 3B This is a very strong argument in favor of magmatic emanations as a direct agency in ore deposition. But it lacks conclusiveness in the distinctly later than the in- a4 fact that the deposits in question are +BY) trusion of the aplites,’’ which in turn are intruded in the quartz- monzonite that forms the main mass of the Boulder ‘‘batholith.’’ Similarly Sales® accepts the batholithic origin of the Butte granite (quartz-monzonite, aplite, ete.), and holds that The original source of the ores at Butte was the granite (quartz-monzonite) magma. Quartz-porphyry dikes formed a local closing phase of the igneous activity connected with the intrusion of the parent rock, and these dikes structurally and areally are in such close association with the ore deposits that they appear to be a direct factor in the localization of the ores. Heated waters and gases escaping from the cooling magma were the carriers of the metals to their place of deposition. The conclusions thus reached by these investigators, as to the magmatic source of the water concerned in the deposition of the ores, appear to be logically necessary. under the hypothesis that the intrusive mass is a batholith. It is the purpose of this paper to in- quire into the evidence upon which that hypothesis rests and to suggest an alternative one from which no conclusion flows as to the magmatic origin of the mineralizing waters. VAGUENESS OF THE TERM BATHOLITH A review of the literature of the subject brings out the curious fact that there is no exposition of the evidence which has led to the general recognition of the intrusive mass at Butte as a batho- hth. That it is such appears to be pure assumption. There have been doubtless latent considerations in the minds of those who have so freely declared it to be a batholith, which have influenced them in adopting this view but these considerations have not been set forth; nor has any attempt been made to discuss the matter, so far as I can discover. This is the more remarkable in view of the great prominence given in recent years to the doctrine of magmatie waters aS a prime agent in ore deposition, and of the fundamental relation ® Ore Deposits at Butte, Montana, Bull. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., No. 80, p. 1611, Aug., 1913. 6 We have, however, an able discussion of the structural relations and method of intrusion of the neighboring, but much smaller, intrusive mass, at Marysville, by Barrell in his monograph on the Geology of the Marysville Mining District, Montana, U. 8. G. 8S. Prof. Paper 57. Barrell’s argument that this intrusion is a batholith will be considered briefly in the sequel. 4 University of California Publications in Geology [ Vou. 8 which the genesis of such a mass as that at Butte bears to this doc- trine. If the intrusive be in fact a batholith, then the difficulty of imagining any other source for the mineralizing waters drives us to the view that these must come from the magma in the depths; but if it be laecolithie in genesis and structure the difficulty vanishes, and the way is open for the recognition of meteoric waters as the real mineralizing agent. The explanation of the failure to establish the batholithie char- acter of the Boulder mass is doubtless to be found in the vagueness of our ideas as to the nature of batholiths, and in the practice, too often exemplified, of regarding as a batholith any large intrusive mass the laccolithic characters of which are not simple and _ self- evident. The practice is, of course, due to the temporarily imperfect state of our knowledge of the eriteria necessary for discrimination, and in itself does no harm so long as we are aware of the loose and conjectural sense in which the term batholith is used. Thus Harker’ remarks: ‘‘We have to recognize many extensive masses of plutonic rocks which have been only partially exposed by erosion, without revealing unequivocal evidence of their true geological relations. These we may conveniently call batholites, using this term of Suess in a purely descriptive sense, without implication of the various theo- retical views which he has at different times attached to it.’’ But when it appears that important consequences, such as the doctrine of magmatic waters, flow from the assumption of batholithic genesis and structure, then it behooves us to realize at least upon what slender foundations that assumption rests. DISTINCTION BETWEEN LACCOLITH AND BATHOLITH Laccolith.—-To clear the way for an attempt in this direction in the case of the Boulder mass it may be well to state here the funda- mental distinction between a laccolith and a batholith. If our notions of batholiths are vague, the current conception of laccoliths as de- rived from definitions and diagrams is perhaps too narrow and restricted to cover all cases of real laccolithic relationships. The best summary of the various forms of intrusions of the laccolithie type is that given by Harker.® 7 The Natural History of Igneous Rocks (New York, 1909), p. 82. 8 Op. cit., p. 64 et seq. 1914] Lawson: Is the Boulder ‘‘ Batholith’’ a Laccolith? 5 From his discussion and diagrams it is apparent that a laccolith may have a very large degree of irregularity and yet conform to the essential relationships of this type of intrusion. He says: The term [laccolith] may be understood to imply a rock body which is distinctly intrusive, occupying a space opened concurrently with its injection, and having a thickness presumably much less than its lateral extent. The essential point is that such a mass must possess an under as well as an upper surface; and if strata are truncated by the visible upper surface, we must suppose that their prolongation still exists beneath the intruded mass, The actual upper surface of contact may be of more or less irregular shape, owing especially to portions of the roof having become detached and sunk in the magma. This action has by some geologists been accorded a foremost place in the mechanism of batholithie intrusion. It is the process which Daly styles overhead stoping.® While laccoliths in their simple forms may be classed as con- cordant intrusions, as Harker’? has done, in their more irregular and complex forms they may, consistently with his own comprehensive definition, be transgressive. Intrusive magmas may be injected into previously disturbed strata, making space for themselves concur- rently with their injection, relatively flat at the bottom and arched above, without following bedding planes very strictly. Such in- trusives are in their essential features laccoliths, particularly in re- spect to the fact that they rest upon a floor on which they have been placed by lateral migration of the magma. I know of no reason, moreover, why the reaction of a laceolithie magma upon its roof should not be, under certain conditions, entirely similar to that of a batholith, so that the configuration of its upper surface might be greatly modified by the foundering, faulting, stoping and resorption of its cover, thus increasing its irregularity. For example, the in- trusive mass at Marysville so admirably described by Barrell™ may, notwithstanding its transgressive relations to its cover, have a floor of lower Beltian or pre-Beltian rocks; and in that sense, the essential sense, be a laccolith. I do not by this statement assert that the mass has such a floor and is, therefore, a laccolith. I merely point out that in view of the evidence the hypothesis of a floor is as good as that of no floor, and that the transgressive relation of the mass to its roof does not preclude the existence of such a floor. I do venture, 9 Op. cit.. p. 84. 10 Op. cit., p. 63. 11U. 8. G. 8. Prof. Paper, 57. 6 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 however, to express the view that on a priori grounds the existence of a floor is more probable than its non-existence. It should be further noted that departure from the simple con- cordant relations displayed by typical small laccoliths is to be ex- pected when the seale of the intrusive act is large. The roof becomes then relatively weak and more susceptible to foundering, faulting and stoping. The quantity of heat is larger and is more prolonged in its effect. And these conditions hold for large laccoliths, whether they be injected into undisturbed or disturbed strata. I know of no limits to the size of laccoliths that have been discovered or formulated; and it seems to me not improbable that many large intrusive masses which are commonly ealled batholiths are laccolithic in their mode of development. The mere fact that an intrusive mass is large, or that it has a transgressive relation to the remnants of its roof, is cer- tainly no proof that it is a batholith. Batholith.—The nature of batholiths is much more obscure than that of laecoliths, their genesis has not been so satisfactorily deter- mined and their structural relations are more difficult to define. A batholith is sometimes referred to as bottomless in contradistinetion to the laceolith. This characterization does not, however, aid in clarifying our ideas upon the subject; since, of course, every batho- lith considered as a molten, liquid mass has a bottom. The bottom is so deep that in no case has it been revealed to observation by erosion. Our only knowledge of it is, therefore, inferential and un- certain. The immense size of many batholiths, as well as their rela- tions to adjacent portions of the earth’s crust, limits, however, the possibilities as to their genesis. Just as we get our simplest and clearest ideas of laecoliths from a consideration of the smallest ex- amples of the type, so we may get our most unavoidable conclusions as to the nature of batholiths from a consideration of the largest. With- out going into details it may be asserted as a necessary outcome of reflection upon the general relations and dimensions of large batho- liths that they develop im situ by the passage of a previously solid portion of the earth’s crust into a molten condition. In so far as these molten bodies may be said to migrate within the earth’s erust, that migration, in its essential features, is effected not by injection, but by a process of enlargement involving the incorporation of the surrounding crust within the molten mass. In so far as offshoots from the mass are injected into the surrounding crust these become dykes, sills, laccoliths, ete. Batholiths are thus fundamentally dis- 1914] Lawson: Is the Boulder ‘‘ Batholith’’ a Laccolith? 7 tinct from laccoliths in that they are not injected, and that, whatever be the nature of the bottom upon which they rest, they have not been placed upon it by moving over it, but by being developed above it. The phenomena of intrusion may be abundantly manifest on the periphery and upper surface of a batholith as exposed by erosion, but these are very minor features due to stoping as described by Daly, Barrell and others, to foundering of the roof, to anatexis (Seder- holm), to lit-par-lit injection, ete. These phenomena reveal the method whereby the batholith makes way for itself as the melt pro- ceeds, but they do not indicate that the mass as a whole has been injected to its present position from some other region in the earth’s erust. The stresses existent in the earth’s crust may become opera- tive for deformation owing to the thinning of the roof, and great synclinal pendants (Daly) may sink deep into the mass. Thus, either by buckling or by foundering, the roof may take on an arched form similar to that of a laceolith. The arching may also in part be caused by an increase of volume of the region below the roof as the development of the batholith proceeds; but it is not due to uphft by the insertion of a foreign mass, as in the case of a laccolith. As pointed out by Termier,’? batholiths may be distinguished in some measure from injected masses by the profound character and extent of the metamorphism which accompanies them: Pour les roches massives, le critérium de la véritable profondeur, le critérium du gisement abyssique, c’est l’amplitude et l’intensité du métamor- phisme qui les entoure et qui semble émaner d’elles. Si un granite, par example, n’a autour de lui qu’un trés petite auréole de phénoménes de contact, et de phénomeénes peu intenses, soyez stirs que le magma de ce granite ne s’est pas élaboré in situ, qu’il est venu d’ailleurs, tout formé. Mais s’il est entouré d’une vaste auréole de terrains tres métamorphique, et surtout s’il est enclavé dans une série cristallophylienne a laquelle il paraisse réellement lié, tenez pour certain qu’il s’est formé sur place, par la fusion complete d’un eutectique, alors que les terrains voisins étaient seulement semi-fluides ou méme 4 peine ramollis.13 Termier, with a masterly grasp of the realities of the question, thus holds that the metamorphism of a laccolithie contact zone is due to heat imported with the injection; whereas the metamorphism of a batholithic contact zone is due to the same heat which by fusion gen- erates the batholith itself. 12 Sur la genése des terrains cristallophylliens, Comptes Rendus, 11th Inter- national Congress, Sweden, 1910. 13 Op cit., p. 594. 8 University of California Publications in Geology [ Vou. 8 CRITERIA APPLIED TO THE BOULDER INTRUSIVE Size —If, now, the distinction between a laccolith and a batholth has been made sufficiently clear, we may turn to the Boulder mass and inquire farther into the evidence upon which it has been placed by all writers in the category of the batholiths. As has been already remarked, no one has as yet attempted to formulate the evidence; but it seems probable that the size of the mass has been the deter- mining consideration. Weed"! tells us: ‘‘A tract forty miles wide and seventy miles long from north to south, extending from the peaks of Red and Table (Highland) mountains on the south nearly to Helena on the north, and from the Deer Lodge Valley on the west to the Elkhorn Mountains and Bull Mountain on the east, is under- lain by granite, concealed in part by other igneous rocks but constitut- ing one connected mass.’’ Sales’? deseribes it as ‘‘ extending south- westerly from Helena to the Big Hole River in Beaverhead County, a distance of seventy miles. The general outline of the batholith is oblong, but it is extremely irregular in width, averaging about twenty miles.’? According to Knopf'® the length of the granite is sixty miles, the average width eighteen miles, and the area about 1100 square miles. From these descriptions it is evident that although the mass is sufficiently irregular and indefinite as to its boundaries to lead to differences of estimate, it is nevertheless a very large in- trusive—much larger than the majority of recognized laecoliths. This fact is, however, no bar to the possibility of its being a laccolithie in- jection. The Sudbury laeccolithiec sheet has an area, according to Coleman,'* of about five hundred square miles and a volume of six hundred cubic miles; and this is only an erosional remnant. It is clearly of the same order of dimension as the Boulder intrusive mass with an area of 1100 square miles or more. The Duluth gabbro lac- colith has a length of 120 miles, an average exposed width in its northern part of 22 miles and in its southern part 11 miles. The area of its surface exposure is estimated at 2000 square miles.18 The ‘great Bushveld laccolith as described by Molengraaff!® occupies an area of 23,000 square miles. 14U. §. G. S. Prof. Paper 74, p. 26. 15 Bull. Am. Inst. Mim Eng., No. 80, Aug., 1913, p. 1526. 16U. 8. G. S. Bull. 527, p. 29, 1913. 17 Journaj,of Geology, Vol. 15, No. 8, p. 762, 1907. 18 Van Hise&id Leith, U. S. G. S. Mon. 52, p. 410, 1911. 19 Geology of the Transvaal (Trans. by J. H. Ronaldson, 1904), pp. 42-57. 1914} Lawson: Is the Boulder ‘‘ Batholith’’ a Laccolith ? 9 With these notable instances of the vast scale upon which lacco- lithic injections may operate before us, it is clear that the mere size of the Boulder mass can no longer be urged as a valid argument against its laccolithic nature. Structural features—lIt is a remarkable fact that in all three of the great laccoliths cited above, the Sudbury, the Duluth, and the Bushveld, the floor of the injected mass has the configuration of a geosynelinal sag. In the ease of the Sudbury laccolithic sheet the synclinal structure is very pronounced. Coleman’® accepts 30° as the correct average dip of the spoon-shaped mass toward its center and on this basis estimates its thickness at a mile and a quarter. He explains the structure as due to collapse: The most probable supposition is that the souree of the magma was im- mediately beneath the longer axis of the area, which is now basin-shaped, but was then flat and undisturbed. . . . When it ascended and spread out widely between the upper sediments and the less regular rocks beneath, there was a collapse, since the schists and older eruptives below had lost their central support. This shows itself very plainly in the shattered and faulted character of the rocks underlying the sheet. The collapse gave rise to the roughly synclinal basin occupied by the eruptive, while the overlying sedimentary rocks settling into the still plastic magma beneath formed a more regular syncline. : The sag of the Duluth laccolith is the geosyncline of the southwest arm of Lake Superior.*? Molengraaff’s mapping’? of the Bushveld lacecolith shows very clearly that its main mass occupies a synclinal sag no less definite than that of the Sudbury laccolith though on a vaster scale, while another, perhaps smaller, sag accommodates the northern portion of the intrusion. He says:** ‘‘The strata of the Transvaal System, at a certain period, sank under the weight of the intrusive masses, and it resulted from this subsidence that all around the plutonic basin the strata of the Transvaal System dip towards a common center. In fact the dip, easily observable, especially in the Pretoria beds, is everywhere directed towards the Bushveld.”’ Brogger’s classic description of the Christiania ‘‘laccolith’’ shows that the collapse of the floor of that intrusive mass was effected not so much by synelinal bending as by the insinking of the bottom in 21U. S. G. S. Prof. Paper 52, Plate I, Sect. C-—D. 22 Op. cit., Plate LI. 23 Op cit., p. 51. 10 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 discrete blocks. But there may be some doubt as to the reality of the laccolithic structure, and particularly as to the existence of the floor. If Brogger’s conception** of the intrusive process be correct, then the broken floor of his laccolith can be regarded only as a par- tition separating it from an underlying batholith into which it sank. But this sinking of the floor in blocks is a manifestation of stoping on a large scale; and we have no assurance that the foundering pro- cess once inaugurated stopped short of the complete annihilation of the partition, by absorption in the depths of the batholith. Thus, while the Christiania mass may have been temporarily laccolithiec, as a molten mass, it may by the vanishing of its floor before solidification have merged with the deeper parent magma, and may be now, as a structural feature, only the upper part of a batholith. Doubtless the sagging of large laccoliths is due, as Coleman has argued for the Sudbury case, to the transfer of molten matter from the region below a partition to that above it; and it is easily conceivable that a batho- lithic magma may in this way be completely drained off by the sub- sidence of the partition till the latter rest upon the bottom of the batholith. So long, however, as the partition remain in large part intact and be not engulfed piecemeal and resorbed by the batholith, the magma transferred to the region above it and migrating laterally over it becomes a true laccolith, be it ever so vast. Having thus pointed out that large laccoliths occupy geosynelinal basins, it is interesting to turn again to the Boulder mass and observe that it has precisely this structure. Thus Sales*® says: In a broad way the [Boulder] batholith seems to occupy the trough of a great synclinal basin, in whose dissected sloping sides may be seen remnants of the entire series of sedimentary rocks reaching from the pre-Cambrian slates and shales upward to the coal-bearing sandstones of the late Cretaceous. And again: There is an abundance of evidence to show that the Boulder batholith did not produce a doming effect on the sedimentary rocks now found along its borders; in fact, the orientation of these intruded rocks does not appear to have been visibly disturbed even where they are in direct contact with the eranite. In nearly every instance where such contacts are open to observation, the sedimentaries are found to dip at a steep angle toward the granite; an ex- ception, however, may be noted at Elkhorn, where dips away from the granite appear to be a coincidence and not an effect produced by its intrusion. 24 Die Eruptivgesteine des Kristianiagebietes, II, 1895, p. 133. 25 Op. cit., p. 1526. 1914] Lawson: Is the Boulder ‘‘ Batholith’’ a Laccolith? 11 Unfortunately Sales does not give us the details of his field obser- vations on this important structural relation; but his general state- ments are borne out to some extent by Weed’s map,*° on which the synclinal relation of the surrounding rocks to the central granitic mass is well shown at the north end near Helena, at the south end on the flanks of the Highland Mountains, and on the east side at the south end of Bull Mountain. The general dip of the pre-granitie formations towards the intrusive mass along its northern boundary is more fully shown in Knopf’s map.** The directness of the genetic relationship of this general synelinal structure to the intrusive act is, of course, debatable. It may be claimed that the attitude of the rocks is but a manifestation of general orogenic deformation and that a great pre-existant synelinal trough was swallowed up in the batholith. But the intrusion of the Boulder mass seems to have been closely associated in time with the orogenic movements and the coincidence in time suggests a close genetic rela- tionship. In his discussion of the Marysville intrusive mass Barrell’* Says: Toward the close of the Cretaceous or the opening of the Tertiary : folded mountain structures arose, building great domes and arches. General up- lift oceurred, giving rise to plateau-like elevations. Volcanic forces awakened throughout the entire Cordilleran region of America, producing eruptions, lava floods, and granitic intrusions. . . . After the doming and marginal fault- ing, the igneous activities of the Marysville district manifested themselves, first as a widespread, rather meager injection of basic and intermediate dikes and sheets. This was followed after an unknown interval, but while the erosion surface was still some thousands of feet above the present level, by a great granitic invasion, which gave rise to the Marysville batholith. This is apparently but an insignificant outlier, however, of the far larger Boulder batholith, which occupies over 2000 square miles immediately to the south. The invasion of the batholith . . . produeed much fracturing of the sur- rounding rocks, resulting in many obscure faults bounding irregular crust blocks from a few hundred to a few thousand feet across, the general effect being to dome the cover upward at least 1000 and probably 2000. feet. It seems, therefore, that the deformation of the strata and the invasion of the granite were in a broad sense coincident manifestations of a general diastrophism and that the synelinal structure of the rocks surrounding the Boulder mass is genetically connected with the development of the latter. op) . Prof. Paper 74, Plate 1. . Bull. 527, Plate 1. 28 Op. cit., p. 24. RM 12 University of California Publications in Geology [ Vou. 8 The relations of the Boulder mass to the remnants of its roof are interesting in this connection. These remnants in the more central parts of the granitic area consist chiefly of andesite and latite with 29 some patches of Cretaceous sediments. The distribution of these remnants is such as to indicate no doming of the roof, as Sales on other grounds has already pointed out. It is clear that, as Weed*° remarks, ‘‘the granite must have either penetrated between the ande- sites and the base upon which they rested or removed the basal rocks, ’ whatever they were.’’ In the first of these two contingencies the intrusive mass is a laccolith; in the second it is a batholith. If it be the latter, there is no necessary genetic relationship between the syn- clinal structure and the development of the batholith. If it be a laccohth without a domed roof, then the floor must have sagged to accommodate the injection. The actual fact of the general synclinal structure is, therefore, more suggestive of laccolithie than of batho- hthie structure, even though the suggestion appear to turn the profile of the typical small laceolith upside down. Metamorphism.—Termier*' has offered us a eriterion for diserimi- nating between batholiths and laccoliths on the basis of the intensity of the metamorphism manifested by the rocks adjacent to the intru- sive mass. This test is unfortunately difficult of application for three reasons: (1) It is a quantitative test in which the quantities are not definitely specified, so that much is left to individual judgment and experience; (2) it is based upon the notion that even large injected masses do not approach small batholiths in the intensity of the meta- morphism which is engendered on their periphery; and (3) it ignores the possibility that a batholith may in the normal course of its growth swallow up the original zone of intense metamorphism by stoping and resorption, and by mere distension, without injection, give rise to a succession of metamorphic zones each feebler than its predecessor, so that the last zone, that formed immediately antecedent to solidifi- cation, may differ greatly in intensity from the first formed zone. Notwithstanding these limitations upon Termier’s criterion, it is nevertheless true, in general, that batholiths have induced wider zones of more intense metamorphism than have even large laccoliths. The character of the contact zone is probably a function of the depth of the molten mass, modified by stoping and resorption. The greater "29 Knopf, op. cit., pp. 23-29 and Pl. 1. 30 Geology and Ore Deposits of the Elkhorn Mining District, U. S. G. S. 22nd Ann. Rpt., Pt. II, p. 452. 31 Loe, cit. 1914] Lawson: Is the Boulder “ Batholith’’ a Laccolith ? 13 the depth the less will be the modification of the thermal and emanant effect. Thus a large zone of intense metamorphism establishes a pre- sumption in favor of the view that the intrusive mass is a batholith, while a narrow zone of intense metamorphism, or even a wide zone of feeble metamorphism, is indicative, as Termier has pointed out, of an injected mass—a laccolith. From what has been written of the contact zone surrounding the Boulder mass, and from personal examination of the zone south of Helena, I am satisfied that the metamorphism which it displays is relatively feeble. It is certainly not in the same class with the ‘‘ter- rains cristallophylliens’’ which Termier®? holds to be characteristie of batholiths, and it is of just such an intensity as one might expect on the periphery of a large laccolith. CONSEQUENCES OF THE LACCOLITHIC HYPOTHESIS Magmatic Concentration of Sulphides—Now it seems to me, from the considerations set forth in the preceding pages, that the batho- lithie origin of the Boulder mass is not proved, and that there is quite as much justification for the view that it is a lacecolith. In the lter- ature of economic geology it has been assumed without question that it is a batholith, and certain consequences that flow from this assump- tion have been held to sustain the doctrine of the magmatic origin of the waters concerned in ore deposition. It may be well, therefore, to examine the possibilities inherent in the alternative and equally good hypothesis, that it is a laecolith. If the mass be a laceolith, we should expect by analogy with the Sudbury, Duluth, and Bushveld laccoliths that the magma should have undergone differentiation with concentration of its metallic constituents in its lower part. That such differentiation has actually taken place locally is shown by Knopf** in his description of the magmatic sulphide ore body at the Golden Curry mine, in the Elkhorn District. The mode of occurrence of the oxidized copper ores of the Bullwhacker mine and adjacent territory appears to me to indicate another instance of this sort of magmatic concentration. These ores are mined, in part, in large open pits at the base of the steep slope determined by the Continental fault. For a description of them I cannot do better than quote Sales,*+ under whose guidance I visited them last summer. He says: 32 Loc. cit. 33 Op. cit., pp. 137-189. New al i Mineral, by George Davis Louderback, with Chemical Analysis by Walter C. Biaedale sii, ee ee _ be Notes on Quaternary Felidae from California, by J ohn F, Bovard.... ~ 15e¢ Tertiary Faunas of the John Day Region, by John C. Merriam and er J. ISLC CW bsg aR RS Real, Sea Mees NP pee Sor Ma eee tear She _ 30c Quaternary Myriopods and Insects of California, by Fordyce Grinnell, Jr... “Be Notes on the Osteology of the Thalattosaurian Genus Nectosaurus, by John C. : PWemricpity, ae ee eee ce Ate ee ee ete aN a a ae eit c 106 Notes on Some California Minerals, by Arthur S. Bakle 15¢ Notes on a Collection of Fossil Mammals from Virgin aneys Nevada, by’ eTiiée: AP SYAUDET SEC REGU Ts) eh le eae aS aie (oe Se Ere tr Nei me TP See aL tT Stratigraphy and Eni see cere of the ‘San Pablo Formation in Middle peed May ne Marles 414.. WiOd VOT 8 ce. -<.e¢cenm i cemetnloteenit cases nde dtucet duc wonntatbeeceeeccteeeseus See EN aeN aaa 25 New oe from the Tertiary of California, by Charles E. Misses om The Skull aia Dentition of an Extinet Cat closely allied to Felis aioe Leidy, John C, Merriam Teratornis, a New Avian Genus, from Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller. am | The Oceurrence of Strepsicerine Antelopes in the Tertiary of Northwestern a RreNevenia, by, eolin ©, Werriatas cso teat antig ttede anteen eta bntcestcsde ands eC 3 OOO one 10e E Benitoite, Its Paragenesis and Mode of Occurrence, by George Davis Louderbaek, J “with chemical analyses by Walter C. Blasdale:: scnc.o. 0. c, cncsecnedenenccedecnescenacenerenedeneen 75¢ ‘The Skull and Dentition of a Primitive Iehthyosaurian from the Middle Triassic, , ENS I Taw Op, Aig Teh 60 eee cea tae er eerie eee eee eno SEE dir cece . New Mammalia from Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam ....... ialeten sea An Aplodont Rodent from the Tertiary of Nevada, by Eustace L. Barina 7. _Evesthes jordani, a Primitive Flounder from the Miocene of California, by James — Zaechaeus Gilbert 8. The Probable Tertiary Land. Connection between Asia and North America, by Pocus ee ke et en oar eine Oe a 10e 29. Rodent Fauna of the Late Tertiary. Beds at Virgin Valley and Th. us ‘SS Creek, Nevada, by Mouse KelOee tio) ee ee eee) te ae ee ae 15e 30. Wading Birds from the Quatemary hapeait Beds of Janelto La Brea, y sitet Holmes Miller .......... Mo ae cc St Re bone aot Sco Seeger neers ssseneceneteneescnneenenae's Tae Siege ie a - VOLUME 6. z at “The Condor-like Vultures of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller ee bs Di Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Nortinwesiera Nevada, by John ©. Merriam. Part I—Geologie History.................. Eeeae oUt 3. The Geology of the Sargent Oil Field, by William F, Jones | 25¢ 4, Additions to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene Deposits at Fossil Lake, Oregon, by yt PEI CRBS. 60): Ge Reel iae ete ee Ae a SR AE Oe REE eC LN OO ice, Ee iy The Geomorphogeny of the Sierra Nevada Northeast of Lake Tahoe, by John A. Reid 60e ym Note on a Cee Bear from the Pleistocene of ae La Bien by John C. _~ Merriam. 7, A Collection of. Miammalian Beene: from, Tertiary. Beds on the Mohave Desert, by John C. Merriam. e ‘i INos! Gander 1m OnG@rCOviens. lee 2.2. o eco. occa ek te aie ah, See 10c 8. The Stratigraphic and Haunal Relations of the Martinez Formation to the Chico : - and Tejon North of Mount Diablo, by Roy E. Dickerson .............2-2:2----::sse-esese-0-0+ 5e _ 9. Neocolemanite, a Variety of Colemanite, and .Howlite from Lang, Los ee neeles County, California, yawn (tir Ses Ha keke ie See Sis ae ee ae 10¢ 10. A New Antelope from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Walter P. Taylor... 5e l. Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand ’ Creek in Northwestern : Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part Il.—Vertebrate Faumas .......----.--:scecceeceeeeeeeees 1.00 12, A Series of Hagle Tarsi from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes THe pee oe pea ee a os ee gee ie Sele Uk Bate 5 ee ae c 1B. Notes on the Relationships of the Marine Saurian Fauna Deseribed from the Triassic of Spitzbergen by Wiman, by John C. Merriam. 14, Notes on the Dentition of Omphalosaurus, by John C. 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Merriam. .........2.-:.:ccssecsecseceecenesesens 19, Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle California, by John Ce) MOREA (innate easenenaepeenntcer ecenenpoepasennadnen osete fipvadsenesedudegvebpae sas besitipeaeithaecck ae ta oie ete eam 20. Recent Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of the Pleistocene Bone Depos- tts of Rancho) La Brea, by Reginald ©. Stoner 1.11! 2: coc. eee ceeeceec eee 21, Preliminary Report on the Horses of Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam................ 22. New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by John C. iw) (vr) 24. = Merriam ween en nnennben een b ben see senn anecet ees ne neki anercenens semen sin dninse casks rendeacssinsers che sheneqge=naesseuaswd==runnsyreasess . New Protohippine Horses from Tertiary Beds on the Western Border of the Mohave Desert, by John C. Merriam Pleistocene Beds at Manix in the Hastern Mohave Desert Region, by John P. 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DICKERSON CONTENTS PAGE 1 EPaVCETECO CTEM MERIC aN pe Se eRe eae Uy Stratigraphy of the Tejon South of Mount Diablo — 02. 18 PLING), ache pes oP ee PEPE CPEB a EEE Ee Ee ee eee 20 PASIAN: 2 Saas A aa RS oe SL OC Po oO 22 CASEIN BS Sg Ae 5 Be ee ER EERE Sa PED ene ee fee ee eres NOD 23 SUOMI TIEY, ARNE RAMS RUS) | AA(OraNeY ee ee 23 Murals Oe SSI One Olu MemMl Gn Oe Cy eeenes see atte ee ee cancer na teense ces ere eee ees cere 24 FS AEE STERN a ee OR tS PC ee 25 INTRODUCTION Many collections made in the Tejon Group during the past four years in various parts of the state have attracted the writer’s attention to the large and interesting fauna of the upper Eocene, a consid- erable part of which is still undescribed. The necessity for careful study of the faunal relations of the different members of the Tejon group is particularly important. The type loealities of both the Martinez and the Tejon occur in California, and since the stratigraphic relations in this State are on the whole more completely exhibited than in either Washington or Oregon there is evident necessity for careful study in California. The region south of Mount Diablo apparently represents as large a portion of Tejon time as any other single section in the state, and on this account the writer will regard this as the type region for reference of the faunal zones of the Tejon group. The Tejon near 18 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 Fort Tejon apparently does not represent nearly so much of upper Eocene time as does the section south of Mount Diablo. In the section south of Mount Diablo three major faunal zones have been recognized. These horizons are respectively lower, middle, and upper Tejon. In addition to these major zones, the Tejon group has in it well-marked zonal facies due to conditions of deposition. One of these faunal variations is due to development in brackish water, while the other is due to development in moderately deep water on the edge of the continental shelf. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE TEJON SOUTH OF MOUNT DIABLO The Tejon group south of Mount Diablo is a northwest-southeast strip about ten miles in length. It has an unconformable relation to the underlying Chico and Martinez. For a distance of six miles this unconformity is marked by basal Tejon strata containing boring shells which penetrate the underlying Chico or Martinez rocks. In some places these borings are found in limestone of Martinez age, again in Chieo sandstone and Chico limestone containing fragments of Inoceramus. Section of the Tejon Cave Pr a 2/00 ft. Fig. 1 The Tejon group south of Mount Diablo is a northwest-southeast difference in dip and strike was found between the two in this field. An unconformity or disconformity probably exists here. At a locality in the bed of Walnut Creek about one and one-half miles southwest of the town of that name, the overlying Miocene beds contain frag- ments of coal and sandstone of probable Tejon age which were evi- dently derived from the underlying Tejon. Walnut Creek is only a short distance from the Tejon area south of Mount Diablo and conditions are probably the same in both places. 1914] Dickerson: Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group 1g The following section through Cave Point was measured by Mr. William Kew and the writer. Figure 1 shows the relations graph- ieally. SECTION OF THE TEJON GRouP SoutH or Mount DIABLO Chico sandstone and limestone Feet (Gb RC Ono Omer Bit Chess a ee sewer estes cece ceeee asenceeeencos Gece ted te sevesneneeeeestcassacutetse 5) (2) ieihim=beddiedmonaiy ‘Sand stone sss. cccecseceessseeseees se coeecoeseee se ee ce ences case e serecenseweceee 20 (3)eGuay foramumnatenall (Sl aile: ec aces sece ses scene ae esencee setae ceucceeccnsezeceseetescceveamsccezn=e 75 (Ale liar div orany sam dS tome 222s. 222.2. 22262 c. sccecesvecedes accueeoeecs-sceeeteeessttes-cnsccus outeee tetanus 40 (mo) piWlassivie) Game SandStOne: ccecccccctscccccececesceseseereceesescescey-cceze-ecnacaseaese=-e-cesecesesteceers 20 (6) Gray-green foraminiferal shale —.....22...2.......22..es:cc-scceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 25 (7) Light-tan coarse sandstone with cavernous weathering, first bluff... 125 (8) Alternating soft sandstones and carbonaceous shales ...........-...---.---.+--- 200 (9) Sandstones with interbedded shales ..2.......22...22...-2+s:0ec2-eeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 307 (lO) Whin=beddied sandstone: 22 voice ecccrececcsecnccecceceeaccceecseeeceeecsocceeeeeceseeceeceseeeeeseeecsce 50 GD) Shale wath thin-bedded Sandstome jc co oes no sconces nest aces nencecene ce coceeeseseeanene 63 (12) Thin-bedded sandstone with Turritella wvasana beds on top.......-..--.----- 100 (13) Massive soft sandstone with Turritella woasana beds, second bluff...... 100 (14) Massive tan sandstone, second bluff -.2.......2....22..ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 390 (CUS) ESM EN, eg eS ee gee ee vier e 100 (GIG) Rrlivohitmomarya: SAM CSL OMe) | ote sse eee tee ce we ae eee erence n ee 8 (17) Carbonaceous shale and thin-bedded sandstone .................... ee EE tee 45 (18) Massive tan sandstone, third bluff... .......ececee ce eeec ee cee cece eee cee cece eens 554 (US) mCaxb omaceouseshallessamid Un orit ese ssesee cece ces ceres secre esteas eee: ce eceseevaucseccsesezcee 25 (20) Massivie tam Samdstome: icc. ccecccccecceececccnceececenecccoeseenesecteceencuceeecenseeseeeeeeesiececeue 85 CEPA iA BUYER Pe od oO Oo PE ne 25 (22) Miassive tan! Sandstone 2ezccc.c..-cecseccseee-cedebee suse aeeeeeessesccczee¢eacseeceeee-eeenseeecee-2ee 225 The Tejon on the south side of Mount Diablo is on the average about 2600 feet thick and it has a general strike of N 60° W. In the northwestern portion of the area under discussion, it has a dip of 60° south in Pine Cafion. Going southward along the strike, these strata become vertical and finally overturned in the vicinity of Cave Point, where they have a dip of 70° to 85° N. Two to three miles southeast of Cave Point the Tejon is pinched out by a great over- thrust fault. Very extensive collections were made throughout the entire extent of the Tejon. s, a New Avian Genus, from Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Millec...... BH OK Co) scuirrence of Strepsicerine Antelopes in the Tertiary of Northwestern oe aay Darvas rie Cree earrst curr tt a canteen ccsttlan hc ce aangeegeassascae UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 27-30 Issued March 28, 1914 TEETH OF A CESTRACIONT SHARK FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA BY HAROLD C. BRYANT STROPHODUS SHASTENSIS, n. sp. Type specimen no. 20041, Univ. Calif. Col. Vert. Palae., from upper beds of the Hosselkus Limestone at Cow Creek, Shasta County, California. The material on which the species is based consists of five well- preserved teeth and a fragment of a sixth. Except in two instances the teeth were exposed so that no preparation was necessary. The type specimen (no. 20041), although fractured, still shows its original character. Specimen no. 20045 furnishes a good elevation of the tooth. Lack of comparative material has precluded a definite deter- mination of the position of the teeth in the series or even whether they represent the upper or lower jaw. The largest of the teeth (no. 20041) (fig. 1), is probably from an anterior series. It is 39 millimeters in length and 8 millimeters in width. It is slightly narrower at the rounded anterior and posterior ends (5 millimeters at anterior end; 7 millimeters at posterior end). The crown is almost flat and the surface is marked by fine reticulations, the striae running transversely across the tooth. No keel is present. The enamel is nearly a millimeter in thickness except at the sides of the tooth, where it is somewhat thinner. The overhanging margin of the crown is less distinctly reticulated than the upper face. The character of the root is not apparent in this specimen. The whole tooth is arched, the greatest curvature being about halfway between the middle of the tooth and the posterior end. 28 University of California Publications in Geology [Vou.8 Evidence of a high-crowned symphysial (?) row of teeth is af- forded by specimens no. 20043 and no. 20045. Specimen no. 20048 is but 16 millimeters in length and is highly arched. Just posterior to the middle of the tooth at the point of greatest convexity is a dome-like prominence. The fine reticulations radiate from the inner side of this prominence and are worn off on its crown. The root is as deep as the greatest depth of the crown (fig. 2b). A row of minute holes is to be found encircling the root about a millimeter above its base. The edge of the enamel is serrated at the overhanging _ margin of the crown. Specimen no. 20045 is 23 millimeters in length, Fig. 1. Strophodus shastensis, n. sp. Upper surface of tooth from an an- terior (?) series. Type specimen no. 20041. X 14. Fig. 2a. Strophodus shastensis, n. sp. Upper surface of high-crowned sym- physial (?) tooth. No. 20043. x 1%. Fig. 2b. Strophodus shastensis, n. sp. Lateral view of high-crowned sym- physial (?) tooth. No. 20043. x 1%. 7 in width, and 514 and 6 respectively in width anteriorly and pos- teriorly. The crown is more strongly convex than in any of the other specimens. The reticulations on this tooth show little wear. The enamel is over a millimeter in thickness. Two still smaller teeth (no. 20044; no. 20042), evidently from a symphysial series, are narrower anteriorly and posteriorly, are not 1914] Bryant: Teeth of a Cestraciont Shark 29 so highly arched, and the dome-like prominence is not nearly so marked. Reticulations radiate from a point on the erown ecorre- sponding to that in the teeth previously deseribed. A small fragment of a tooth (no. 20046), is probably of the same type. The greater number of the fossil cestraciont fishes are known only by dorsal fin-spines or by teeth. The fact that these more resistant parts are seldom found associated has doubtless led to a duplication of names. Woodward’s' method of grouping the species deseribed from fin-spines in one genus, and those deseribed from teeth in another until further evidence is obtainable, is worthy of imitation. The cestraciont teeth at hand, resembling those of the European genus Asteracanthus Agassiz,” are placed in the provisional genus Strophodus Agassiz, ‘species founded on detached teeth not yet correlated with dorsal fin-spines.’’ In Europe and America there are a number of genera of cestra- ciont fishes based on fin-spines and on teeth similar to those at hand. The genera Asteracanthus, Ctenacanthus, Orecanthus, Nemacanthus, Glymmatacanthus, Bythiacanthus, and Cosmacanthus are the best known.* The type specimen of Asteracanthus ornatissimus Agassiz (Stro- phodus reticulatus) comprises both a spine and teeth. The teeth of Strophodus shastensis differ from those of A. ornatissimus in the ab- sence of a longitudinal keel on all of the teeth. The teeth of SN. shastensis are in addition much narrower, and not so distinetly quad- rate as those of A. ornatissimus. Fin-spines have been recorded from the Subecarboniferous of Illinois, Tennessee, and Missouri, and one from the Lower Triassic of Idaho. The latter was placed in the genus Cosmacanthus by Evans.* One originally described from the Lower Carboniferous of Tennessee by Leidy® was referred to the genus Asteracanthus. St. John and Worthen® later referred this specimen to the genus Bythiacanthus 1 Woodward, A. S., Catalogue of the fossil fishes in the British Museum (London, 1889), vol. 1, 1-474, 17 pls., 13 figs. in text. 2 Agassiz, L., Recherches sur les poissons fossiles (Petitpierre, Neuchatel, Suisse, 1838), vol. 3, 1-889. Strophodus, p. 116. 3 Zittel, K. A., Traité de Paléontologie (Octave Doin, Paris, 1893), vol. 3, 1-894, 719 figs. in text. 4 Evans, H. M., A new cestraciont spine from the Lower Triassic of Idaho, Uniy. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 3, 8397-402, 1 pl, 1904. 5 Leidy, J., Contributions to the extinct fauna of the western territories, Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. of Terr., F. V. Hayden, U. 8. Geologist in charge, vol. 1, 14-358, 37 pls., 1873. 6 St. John, O., and Worthen, A. H., Geological survey of Illinois, vol. 6, viii, 1-532, 33 pls., 1875. 30 University of California Publications in Geology [Vou.8 along with a new species described from the Lower Carboniferous of Ubnois. As no teeth have been associated with these spines their affinities with S. shastensis are not known. Their wide separation in time would suggest that the forms are not very closely allied for the European genera are represented in formations lower than the Triassic." So far as known to the writer this is the first record of the non- keeled type of cestraciont teeth in America. A number of teeth be- longing to the genera Acrodus and Hybodus* have been described from the Middle Triassic of Nevada and from the Upper Triassic in Shasta County, Calitornia, but these bear no close affinity to Stro- phodus shastensis. Members of these three genera appear to be the only cestracionts found in the Triassie in America. 7 Smith, J. P., The occurrence of coral reefs in the Triassic of North America, Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 33, 92-96, 1912. 8 Wemple, E. M. -New cestraciont teeth from the West American Triassic. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 5, 71-73, 1906. Jordan, D. 8., The fossil fishes of California, Univ. Calif. Pub]. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 5, 95-144, 2 pls., 1907. Transmitted December 16, 1913. ms and Caleite, by Arthur 8. Fakle baal with Bb scaaael Notes on Other Species of rosch LER REE AS oth a eR RTE 50¢ cee Sg See nee map pe lise Pe ie or oer Se RM aA ea SR en ae 5e 0! ew California Gem Nees, by George Davis Louderback, with Ch cca Analysis by Walter C. Blisdale wee ey Me Pe ane 5e- | m Quaternary Felidae from California, by John F. Bovard.............22...-c:2000+--+ 15¢ rti fas Faunas of the John Day Region, by John C. Merriam and William J. SLE SRS I Se SS elem OS ee Ua ce i, EN ape a RY 30¢ ernary Myriopods and Insects of California, by Fordyce Grinnell, Jr 10¢ Ss on the Osteology of the Thalattosaurian Genus Nectosaurus, by John C. DOPED © SA Sag URIs ec 2 ut te 10¢ tes on Some California Minerals, bye Arthur Se Malden. soe | ee ee 15¢ Notes on a Collection of Fossil Mammals from Virgin Valley, Nevada, by James Wr ersaa, (CHIGIIGR AGS aca Se Nee erm ie sy 21 a 10e igraphy and Palaeontology of the San Pablo Formation in Middle California, ES _oinollaas) TBBE WAGE cho: ites A Sim oc Oe a ee ae Ee 25¢ w Echinoids from the Tertiary of California, by Charles E. Weaver ane he Oe tes on Echinoids from the Tertiary of California, by R. W. Pack....2.22222..-.::21---+ 10e -avo californicus, a Fossil Peacock from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho TOR) BS GEL, Lippy 3 RCohyrt eS Ro ee) NB 2) ape ee Soe Rea I cI a } 5e 20. The Skull and Dentition of an Extinct Cat closely allied to Felis atrox Leidy, by! ESSE SPB EERO at Ili oe See et een, Come ao 15¢ ‘eratornis, a New Avian Genus, from Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller...... 10¢ he Occurrence of Strepsicerine Antelopes in the Tertiary of Northwestern EPS TES) vOI@UIN IEC) EIN Lee a ac ie RRR IE , /S Sae Ns eiopee S = nt a m s 10¢ ite, Its Paragenesis and Mode of Occurrence, by George Davis Louderback, chemical analyses by Walter C. Blasdale......2.....-..-u.cecssseceecsceseeceeoteceeeeetteoeoneee 75¢ he Skull and Dentition of a Primitive I¢chthyosaurian from the Middle Triassic, ea yg ne TES UPSD Heroes SMe IDS AS IA een ceo a 10¢ 25. New Mammalia from Rancho La Brea, by John ©. Merriam ........--20---0:cescceceseecesseenesoee 5c An Aplodont Rodent from the Tertiary of Nevada, by Eustace L. Furlong............ 10e esthes jordani, a Primitive Flounder from the Miocene of California, by James it CBU RVESS CHIN GSA) Ee ee =O 15¢ The Probable Tertiary Land Connection between Asia and North America, by SDLP EBs TSSin Oy ES eS ae so a 10¢ odent Fauna of the Late Tertiary Beds at Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek, eo EAE hy TOR WS COORG] So = SR aR ee er Ae 15¢ . Vading Birds from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho La Brea, by Loye P riohaes TLE aye eA ee Re Ae ooo ee 10¢ sin VOLUME 6. Condor-like Vultures of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller.....................-.- 156 tiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern Svada, by John C. Merriam. Part I.—Geologic History~.2..................-s0-ceccecseesenenee 50¢ Geology. of the Sargent Oil Field, by William F., Jones ...........2--.-2.-c.-sce--eceeoes 25e itions to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene Deposits at Fossil Lake, Oregon, by oe TE ine cht SLSR A St ea ic Mle ch Nee, eae 10e The Geomorphogeny of the Sierra Nevada Northeast of Lake Tahoe, by John A. Reid 60c Yote on a Gigantic Bear from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by John C. - Merriam. Collection of Mammalian Remains ee Tertiary Beds on the Mohave Desert, ‘by John C. Merriam. RE OS G eins farm 1G110 COV OT a ocas oat eRe cetcvcs cece neseutet scaserstactoanectnteccuoscesnscacenscssasdzesracbee 10c The Stratigraphic and Faunal Relations of the Martinez Formation to the Chico _and Tejon North of Mount Diablo, by Roy E. Dickerson ... ........--.-------<-----eee-e0-- 5e colemanite, a Variety of Colemanite, and Howlite from Lang, Los Angeles Biniye | California sbyearthures baile, a suse. ete ee cee eee laecasee 10¢ New Antelope from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Walter P. Taylor.... 5¢ rtiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern : Nevada, by John ©. Merriam. Part I[l.—Vertebrate Paumas ..0.:.......2ccecscoccesceceeneoeees 1.00 ae of Eagle Tarsi from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by ove Holmes ig e 15, os Sworn a nm Y ae a ell sl PY pF oO ao aor eH 4 ed © 0 bo =) bo po Do to po =e ww ine] O ww bo . Avifauna of the Pleistocene Cave Deposits of the hee . A Fossil Beaver from the Kettleman Hills, California . Netes on the Genus Desmostylus of Marsh, by J oha C . The Elastic-Rebound Theory of Earthquakes, by Harry ae - The Minerals of Tonopah, 1, Nevada, by Arthur S. Eakle .......... ’ Pseudostratification in Santa Barbara pick’ uacruaine yt . Physiography and Structur . Fauna from the Type locality of the Monterey Series in California, iy Bruee | oa n. . Pleistocene Rodents of California, by Louise Kellogg ............... a . Tapir Remains from Late Cenozoic Beds of the Pacifie Coast Region, t by . The Monterey Series in California, by George Davis: Louderbaek ss. . Supplementary Notes on ee Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl fog . The Skull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rar . The Petrographic Designation of Alluvial Fan Forma . A Peculiar Horn or Antler from the Mohave Miccene of California, by Sonn C. . Notes on the Canid Genus Tephrocyon, by John C. Merriam ...... bases ase a . Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle California, by . Recent Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of the Pleistocene “Bone . Preliminary Report on the [orses of Rancho La Brea, by Joba C. Merriam. alae . New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, y J . New Protohippine Horses from Tertiary Beds on the Western Border of the . Pleistoeene Beds at Manix in the Eastern Moliave Desert Region, by 5. The Problem of Aquatie Adaptation in the Carnivora, as Illustrated in i . Is the Boulder ‘‘Batholith’’ a Laceolith? ‘A Problem in Ore- ‘Genesis, by - . Note on the Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, by Roy E. Dickerson . Teeth of a Cestraciont Shark from the Upper Triassie of Northern Notes on the Later Cenozoit up ay eo the Mohave D California, by Charles Laurence Pas wl a VOLUME 7. baelg 2uid foc ee ee Mierrianals 2:.20--2-2- i] Poe Ee eee ea pibicaieCEnecnsnncet sae The Neocene Section at Kirker Pass on the North Side of Mount J Di io, oF L. Clark Benklee nice tanta sabi Boe benet pecs/cuaeeeahs ona is eat eink hi eae see eae : Nevada, by Charles’ Taaurence Baker ct... tebe scnecenenstecannee a as Meerpiagy eiecccceeicen ch Seah a aca ee a a Johwy Ch Merriam is) pete os ee ne cares TUBING foes aie ticg Liana nana: cand Gagnon hapnneob bees actos spt UMSNEes Uae gan eae ee a . Nothrotherium and Megalonx irom the Pleistocene of Southern California, by oh Pee Stel: os 22st a ee le ls ee le es Bree Ye C. Merriam .....: voadesiseddh paca cdpna demi bomb nan gain cas saashcius sae paieee we en een ae its of Rancho La Brea, by Reginald C. Stoner 220.0222. .-2.2-2-fesereneceeeones bycigtent Merriam i ois-..2-22----- bese bon cha bee | Re re eens 2) ee Desert, iby John CG. Merriam) .-2- 20S i BU WEG oa aeanennscnandeceet pi pcngnoesyiteaep bese ance Mpls ti OS Weegee (ene er ology qnd Evolution of the Sea-Otter, by Walter P. Taylor js, oueeaee ae VOLUME 8. “Tl ©. Toa wesord 22s entice eek ee, eg a ete . Harold. C.) Bryant. ..-.v bg he A a ee FEMS! , OF CALI NIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF | GEOLOGY 0: 4, pp. 31-38 Issued April 16, 1914 REMAINS FROM THE PLEISTOCENE eS ‘OF SAN PEDRO, CALIFORNIA erie pees 5. 4 ae ‘BY - LOYE HOLMES MILLER | ay Aas ; wa 5 X C ‘ - ~ aC a \ ? I UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS ~ BERKELEY SmeK | mete i. oe : = Nos. 17 and 18 in one i ed eee Te tS Norr.—The University of California Poblice tio are offer I dis: eations of learned societies and institutions, universities ‘ae iano © all the publications of the University will be sent upon request.. For sa publications and other information, address thé Manager of the Universi I California, U. S. A. All matter sent in exchange should an addressed. an Department, University Library, Berkeley, California, U. S. A. ay Orro HaRRASsowITz R. F'RIEDLAENDER * hat ao LEIPZIG BERLIN “ite Agent for the series in American Arch- Agent for the series Hae A aeology and Ethnology, Classical Philology, aeology and Ethnology, 4 Economies, Education, History, Modern Botany, Geology, Mathematics, F Philology, Philosophy, Psychology. - Physiology, Zoology, and Memoirs. Geology.—ANDREW C. Lawson and JoHN C. Merriam, Editors. Price per volume, $2 Volumes I (pp. 435), II (pp. 450), ILL (pp. 475), IV (pp. 462), V (pp. 448), VI (pp. 454), and VII (pp. 500), completed. Vol. VIII im progress. Cited as Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. es) Volume 1, 1893-1896, 435 pp., with 18 plates, price cccccc--sswsssee-eeee esi Volume 2, 1896-1902, 450 pp., with 17 plates and ¥ map, price Volume 3, 1902-1904, 482 pp., with 51 plates, price : ete etn ee eee ee enema enn an sann anne ne nname, OU A list of the titles in volumes 1, 2 and 8 willbe sent upon request. VOLUME 4. 1. The Geology of the Upper Region of the Main Walker River, Nevada, by Dwight WD. Sri) sect ant snc acch ben aenceate-noheneegeettectesaneoie nels Goes ee te 2, A Primitive Ichthyosaurian Limb from the Middle Triassie of Nevada, by John / CG. Mierrianmae o.oo recc esc ceses bustle ae ba sland ee lek af ne tee oe) 3. Geological Section of the Coast Ranges North of the Bay of San Francisco, by Vie CO. OSMION ET oot. saan one seaenwsnetleedeneree cut eo ndaeene pec en Cuan 4. Areas of the California Neoeene,, by Vance C. Osmont, -:.2i.5.0,1../0..0- ene 2 5. Contribution to the Palaeontology of the Martinez Group, by Charles E. Weaver > 6. New or imperfectly Known Rodents and Ungulates from the John Day Renton Dy ue ey William J. Simelair -.0c ct ee ee eae es i. 7. New Mammalia from the Quarternary Caves of California, by William J. Sinclair 8. Preptoceras, a New Ungulate from the Samwel Cave, California, by Eustace L. Parone cig nit bo E.R ee es ee ee a See ee 9. A New Sabre-tooth from Califoraia, by John C. Merriam ........ soneneciciede Race eae 10. The Structure and Genesis of the Comstock Lode, by John A. “Reid. wooene epee eee ‘wile 11.:The Differential Thermal Conductivities of Certain Schists, by Paul Thelen... 25 12. Sketch of the Geology of Mineral King, California, by A. Knopf and P. ek gi 13. Cold Water Belt Along the West Coast of the United States, by Ruliff S. Hol ; 14. The Copper Deposits of the Robinson Mining District, Nevada, by Andrew VaR WSO 5 occene-nobedsennenepnns-fopbsnnsduoras peesmsinates siceipeenessocs ce oataseiettse= Pp -nesee tae ae re Be 15. I. Contribution to the Classification of the Amphiboles. II, On Some Glaucophane Schists, Syenites, ete., by G. Murgoéi..... an 16. The Geomorphie Features of the Middle Kern, by Andrew C. Lawson... 106 17. Notes on the Foothill Copper Belt of the Sierra Nevada, by A. Knopf. ye eer 18. An Alteration of Coast) Range Serpentine, by A. Knopf. Ee DIE oy 19. The Geomorphogeny of the Tehachapi Valley System, by Andrew C. Lawson... seoseeteee VOLUME 5 1. Carnivora from the Tertiary Formations of the John Day Region, by Join co Me rrtam,, neiet2ecade Soames pbonce bb ent feconworanan nec nceuigetsantepnes noses at aeemat sao eee eee 2. Some Hdentate-like Remains from the Maseall Beds of Oregon, by William Sinclair. 3. Fossil Mollusea from the Johbu Day and Maseall Beds of be ink by Robert B. Stearns. Nog, 2 arid, 5. 111 / O10) COMET i), <2. cecenasBnosonenoncennsagaaeeee semi eater eee ee 4, New Cestraciont Teeth from the West American Triassic, by Edna M. Wer 5. Preliminary Note on a New Marine Reptile from .the Middle Treats ah by John C. anna. saisiasaves je dedaenneinnntttdn ae hakaou gabe dente aps paamane asp ee aki UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 31-38 Issued April 16, 1914 BIRD REMAINS FROM THE PLEISTOCENE OF SAN PEDRO, CALIFORNIA BY LOYE HOLMES MILLER CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ~............ en ene eee rate MO la een Sa Sete Siz Hn 31 @ commence man diyAto.e ee es ress a cess ate re seers ra sa gad peer ene oeecete cv wave avee ete 32 TS GUST OTIMOMAS PO CLOSE cass tscds ese hea ces Woe as cctsczes ries Goes sage cea ines ot tala eee eae Perec 3 CCISNVES, SSB s r 33 Gaviammear ammer (Brimnichy)| ...22-ee ccs ce oocteeennc-naenveee sacenssnceseeeesnecaceceeccenonneseeues 33 Synthliboramphus amtiquus (Gimelim)) 2222 -2-.c< cece sees eec cece eee cceee cee 34 Mromedea.mear nigripes’ AWAD ON cecsc.c2ccec.esccecneccseccec see ecctcoeccceceneeersenaceneecerceeees 34 Priffimusmopisthomelas CoOues ..2:2.22--- COIS IS CSE IS) se So a annua?) elaine ca We ye eceestercecezeeeecceeceseeeeceenese-ceeesessees ae x x x Phacoides turneri (Stanton) -....0.....2.2...2220.2.2220-20---- Ne ae ee x ICC LOM RES [5g vs ccsese ac. tee sete ca ee ses cce 2s cces veneceeadeeseeuiezs ane x ae Pholadomya nasuta Gabb. ...........22.22-c2::::scceeeeeeeeeeeoes ee x x SSOLOT MES p siererts tte scnct cena eaten et ees nen tt eee ee x Solen stantoni Weaver ....................-.-- Se ere a fas x Spisula(?) weaveri, n.sp., Packard _2..0002.00...0...-. a x INDE OX SESS 154 Og (02 emma eee ree ee eon ae eee eae oe x Tapes(?) quadrata Gabb .............. eee Tellina undulifera Gabb -........2...200.20.2---ceeceeeeeeeeeees a x x Mellina cf. aequalis Gabb -----.22-cccecceeecee teceeeeeeee x ANGUUDEAES SS) ost co Rarer oer aac Senne nt ir Ute ARDS Ea SO ees oe se x Meredo, ‘SP. <.ss------:-: x x x Zirphaea(?), sp. ... x x VOQC STI TEE) HS Wo cfc) oe eat ee el oe eee eee x 42s Dentalium cooperi Gabb x x Amauropsis martinezensis, Nn. Sp. -...-.-.---.---------------- x ANIONS (0) pearee ere neage ee ee x = Ampullina striata Gabb Xx x Brachysphingus liratus Gabb ........ a aes a x Cylichna costata Gabb —....0020000..... =e x ~ x Fusus cf. martinez Gabb —......... x IHMISUS (GE) ie Pate: cacsactscsease-ve-sacteceestece. Se eeerecsi gee at o, x 74 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 FAUNA OF THE MERETRIX DALLI ZONE IN THE MARTINEZ NorTH OF Mount DIABLO (Continued) Loe. Loc. Loc. Loc. 1745 1556 1743 1557 USUS SPs ceccse:evacdeeacscaedacectosteceseccenversaeswosenecenereeteaseeeeees Siz x Galerus excentricus Gabb ...............----.--20:--s--ceeeeeeeoe ce re wee x Heteroterma striata Stanton ......2...222...2:c:ececseeeeeeeeeee Jone ney teleymavut (CY 0) 0) eee ee eer eee IN BEL CASES Pi Gilinc.nszeessts.secaasseavsesesasses sececetseseeusyeoteeeeelt ee Natica (Gyrodes) lineata, n. Sp. -...-..--.--:---seeeeeeeeeeeeee Neptunea mucronata Gabb ..........222..-2::cecseeeeeeeeeeeeeee Perissolax tricarnatus Weaver Ages aKegb KeNUE yy op baWeg vets 4 6 g2i] 0] 0 cee ce eee energy SUD HOWE Y aunlebwale ants, Sats) Os per reeeer seat eee ee Tritonium martinezensis, N. Sp. ......---2-.-2-:--2:ee-eeeeee Turritella infragranulata Gabb ....2......2...2.::2::00--+-+ Turritella pachecoensis Stanton ........22.2.2.222.--0-0---+-- iWmosy.car camdatar G albpiesce-vecssersceescre cece eeseenseeeereeeteene Xenophora zitteli Weaver .........-...--..----c-s-csecceeeeeoeeoee ne = ELST 10 OG ss seecccrest-ce-ccevesestsecescaecs-cecaeceeeeeensaeaceaeves ees oh = x S215 ee tei WSS rer RE eae OS Pe as a x x xX «x XK XX x SCROLL ar < Fusu.' ‘nathewsonii Gabb ..............-.- ee een ok Pee Aces x PBRUSUS SSI) 9 eee eos ese c encase cee a teean st eectanes ce x = Heteroterma striata Stanton _. = x Heteroterma gabbi Stanton x Lunatia hornii Gabb ...0.....2..02...1eeee x x XA roe es MN eee ates x Natica (Gyrodes) lineata, n.sp. 2. ce eee x Nepti »ea mucronata Gabb ................. x ae eee ee x Neptunea (Tritonofusus) cretacea (GPA YO) ig ree ee Or RE gee ess DDE ers emmcase x Perissolax tricarnatus Weaver ............ x x x Ringinella pinguis Gabb ......0............- x x Surcula merriami, n. sp... x x Sureula fairbanksi, n. sp. 22-2... x 76 University of California Publications in Geology [ Vor. 8 FAUNA OF THE TROCHOCYATHUS ZITTELI ZONE NortH oF Mount DiaBLo— (Continued) Loe. Loe. Loe. Loc. Loe. Loe. Loe. Loe. Loe. 1540 1580 1746 1747 1656 1695 1586 1592 1558 PSADHOCCLN Feet) Os geet eee eee eee a ) a EEE EE en, Siphonalia(?) lineata Stanton ............ x oe ree Turritella pachecoensis Stanton ........ x x x , : Murritellay clark, nsiSp.: -stscseeees-» >» Lower Lake x eee St RANGE OF SPECIES a er: Nos ae pany “ae §8 #8 gS 33 S25 SH FE Oa AS WS AD : x x Pe x x SOR be aS x x x x x x x a x x x x x x x = x x x x x m x x x x x x x x x ane x x x se HH See ee x x? x x —_ x x x x x x x x x Mee x x Chico 108 University of California Publications in Geology List oF MARTINEZ SPECIES— (Continued) MARTINEZ LOCALITIES Be Bo 2 Z's £5 a ¢ A Be Ja Seas 38 pa os ® Ae q aN dg PE § 88 8 se Sa 8M A wh #8 ww MiarGeSiaiG? 5 ‘Spps ccsccssecce veces scseescecesece sees : : x age Macrocallista(?) packi, n. sp. -............ = x x : Mytilus ef. ascia Gabb ...................-.-+-- x : z eee ee Neaera dolabraeformis Gabb .............. x x x? Neaera hannibali, n. Sp. .......--.------e--e+++° Pree me = : Nucula (Acila) truncata Gabb .......... x : : x aN ADK OE (CMMI, (5 phys Seer eee ee x x SUG AAS sy cate secwst cers ss feng eee eee > ae we ee x = Ostrea weaver, n. Sp. 22 a x x é x? Ostrea buwaldana, Nn. Sp. ....-...-.----------+ os x x Ostrearappnressa: Ga: cee esscceecrsrerasesases ae x < : 5 RaphraC?)) clarkay masp. exer rescessescetee x x : ED eu WNael eS) oo Cesena es cere a teee eee cee XO Seca’ Uke, ayeh call OSEEeeee PO GUCT iSite eset ee ee eee eee wee ues x Pecten interradiatus Gabb .................- ve M2 Gee Ss Xs IDECUCM SSP) s eteccressessattetecetcerectecereceesccs=zateaere x Retna suSPeer csc te seescerce tee x - Pholadomya nasuta Gabb x x x x Panna) arrows, iSpy ecqc-c--ceeseece-2oeeeneee- x Phacoides muirensis, n. sp. --.-...--.-------- ee x Phacoides quadrata, n. sp. ...-....---..-+--+-- ee SG, Leer eos iPhacordestdiaboliy mn. sp.* seesce-se-neee = eres pesest Nee a ee 124 aU KeXon(s Ketspy (59 Our meee eee peer eee ope eee | ee x Phacoides turneri (Stanton) -............... x Me x - IPA COMM CS) ISP. cscs tece tes eeeceeee ceene ae x % Plicatula ostreaformis Stanton .......... x Psammobia(?) cylindrica, n. sp. .......... x 3 x Psammobia hornii (Gabb) ..............---- ene x x x Solen parallelus Gabb(?) ................---- x x SS OL CTE S [sae eeeesee eet eee eee x x x Solen stantoni Weaver .............--.---------- x XG meee x x Spisula(?) weaveri, n.sp. Packard... XK 220. wees vee nee Tapes(?) quadrata Gabb ...........-...2....-- x + oa ees x ee Tapes ef. quadrata Gabb ......... x : Tellina(?) undulifera Gabb x x pe x Melina keeway ie S)peeeeesee ean eee ae x x Melimas packargiy sly Sy) eeeccces cree sees x a Tellina herndonensis, n. sp. ..........-.-.---- a ee x Mellina ef; paris \Galb by esses ees x : Me VM SES 0s ss access oe cass a cee co ses -eceecetescceeerees x Mela ESD su Oc teres esate cecteee eneseesereeasce ms Mellina iaequalis (Gabby 2.2. ee x x Ms KP pa ADEM NEY qoxermerb aN sale (yoy | Qa Sree X= a2. BEY 2X6 Ko RS] 0 eet ner ee eee ere ne Pe x Ss Xo) Trochocyathus zitteli zone x xX X [ Vou. 8 Meretrix x XX dalli zone RANGE OF SPECIES 1914] = Dickerson: Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California 109 List OF MARTINEZ SPECIES— (Continued) MARTINEZ LOCALITIES Martinez N. of Mount Diablo AVZE MUS (G8) 0 SPs. cecceccceese-cecte senescence cee Geeeee os Venericardia planicosta Lamarck ...... Yoldia(?) powersi, n. sp. -.........--.. ee Yoldia gesteri, n. Sp. ............-..-:c-eceeee-20 = ZATPHACA(?)|, Sp. --c-----:--es---c--eneeeneeceneeeeoe-- x Dentalium cooperi Gabb ...................-. Dentalium stramineum Gabb ... Acmaea martinezensis, n. sp. -............ ANTES STET ) O eaeae e eac e Ampullina ef. striata Gabb .................. Ampullina striata Gabb ... AMAULOPSIS(?), SP. -..----eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Amauropsis martinezensis, n. sp. .......- * Anchura englishi, n. sp. -........2..2..22.---- Anchura, sp. .......-------- Anchura gabbi, n. sp. Architectonica tuberculata Weaver... Architectonica, Sp. -..----.2:::2:-21ceeeeeeeee Actaeon lawsoni Weaver ...............-.-.- Bullinula subglobosa Weaver .............. — Brachysphingus liratus Gabb .............. x Brachysphingus sinuatus Gabb ............ Chlorostoma(?), SDP. ......----:--2:---2-:-00--20-- ae: Cylichna costata Gabb ..............---.-------- x Cassidaria tubereulata (Gabb) -........... Cerithiopsis alternata Gabb ................ Cypraea bayerquei Gabb ................-..... (Coralia Amis 10h cere eee re eee ID WUS{OC0p a=) bb: <5 5) 0 eC a eee eee x Discohelix californicus Weaver .......... HESICOPSISS (Si -cececccenceeceseccere-eeeeecceeeeereez-cose x Fissurella(?) behri, n. sp. ..............------ Fusus aequilateralis Weaver ...............- J SRSTSI( G2) Yh) OF eee Fusus occidentalis Gabb ~...............-..-- Fusus flexuosus Gabb .......... Fusus cf. mathewsonii Gabb Fusus mathewsonii Gabb ..........-...-------. x Fusus aratus Gabb -....202..0------- Fusus martinez Gabb .. ee: HNSUS(?))), SP) 0. cerececerececccnccecceencarsnctsceseee x Fusus dumblei, n.sp. 20-2000. z Fusus ef, martinez ......20.0.0...1...c.0----- x Fusus, sp., d Type locality, Benicia, Selby x x x x x Lower Lake x San Pedro Point Tejon x? MOK OS, Xk RANGE OF SPECIES n oe o ahh Gelteh aah se ef 38 ne AS As x? x x x x x x x me se x x x x x x A x x Mm SS x x x x x? x x ~ x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 4 Chico 110 University of California Publications in Geology List oF MARTINEZ SPECIES— (Continued) Fusus(?), sp. Galerus excentricus Gabb Heteroterma gabbi Stanton Heteroterma trochoidea Gabb Heteroterma striata Stanton Heteroterma, sp. indet. -........... Hemifusus(?) waringi, n.sp. -............. dS Lr oy axopalaya-<(01)) eto) Ogee eer eee Lunatia hornii Gabb —.....2.20...202----.-.---- Lunatia ef. nuciformis Gabb Lunatia, sp. a Megistostoma striata Gabb(?) Neptunea mucronata Gabb Neptunea (Tritonofusus) cretacea, Gabb Neptunes S10. 5, sacccccccccesccoceeceees eee ees ees Natica (Gyrodes) lineata, n. sp. ........ UNE WeSC CEe Wages) 0 Bra 0 fr tae ene eee Peer Natica, Natica, TEE Crs tect) On Pe ene = ee N'A GTCINGNY SPsmee stances sense sees eeee reese eee Nerita bianewlata, n. Sp. sec -2 Niso polito Gabb -..2...22.22--.2-:220000--20e---+ QOvula martini; mn. (Sp. 22s Olivella claytonensis, n. sp. -...........-.---- Perissolax tricarnatus Weaver ............ J BEM re) U1 3) 0 ne ene cee ee aac oreere TG © 1 Ee eS Po wees see sorceress ee arene ereveeeereeeers Ringinella pinguis Gabb ~...................- Surcula) merviami, WS. cecccceccecee-ceceaeesee Sureula (Sureulites) inconspicua Gabb Sureula fairbanksi, n. Sp. ..-...------t---+--- Sureula (Surculites) andersoni, n. sp. ROUTH OUbIG SS) 0) cee peepee eee renee Siphonalia(?) lineata Stanton ............ Strepsidura pachecoensis Stanton ...... MPO Sy pM USC?) Spe eeccnseeseseeeses cee sceeeeeees Seraphs(?) thompsoni, n. sp. ............---. Turbinella crassatesta Gabb ................ Turritella martinezensis Gabb ............ Turritella ef. martinezensis Gabb ...... Turritella pachecoensis Stanton .......... Turritella cf. pachecoensis Stanton .... MARTINEZ LOCALITIES Martinez N. of * X Mount Diablo x xX XK X Type locality, Benicia, Selby OX x x? Lower Lake x x As ; 5 ge ® ag ree [=| an Pes ns Dem ao So S& nam HH ne x x a : x x x x x re: x x x x x x x x NK x S . Trochocyathus zitteli zone Keon [ VoL. 8 =| 4S BS Pp 8 ons a So 5 x _ x ws x 5 XaoY ee Kee Xess x _ x e x = x ie x - x N x “2 x x : x 4 x Ee: Xe YS RANGE OF SPECIES 1914] = Dickerson: Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California Eiht List oF MARTINEZ SPECIES— (Continued) MARTINEZ LOCALITIES RANGE OF SPECIES e =: oo 5 ; me o a zs BG 4 ¢ x $e 3A 8: 4A a So oe on Ay Sax S o as én ai) Sil ye See eS Se Be a8 z ad 2 25 SB #s 2 a ° eo o we) oe) a a3 ea 4 om a8 a8 & SS 5 Turritella infragranulata Gabb .......... x x x le x x ae Turritella conica Weaver .................... x x2 x? : x xt Turritella clarki, n. sp. -.........2.-.2.---.------ ATT) 1S] Oe Pcie ee Ee x Turris claytonensis Gabb®* ...............-..-- ee ee x GRUNTS SDs) WG CUs 22-2: occe.e-scceeserscsccceseeesec- st x ee Tritonium martinezensis, n. sp. ..... x x : “~ S PMG OMIM, (S.,, Oo a2.- 1: Anchura gabbi, n.sp. X* 2. Anchura englishi, n.sp. X 3. . Seraphs(?) thompsoni, n. sp. X 3. ». Seraphs(?) thompsoni, n.sp. X 3. 7a. Ovula martini, n.sp. X 2. 7b. Ovula martini, n. sp. xX 2. [172] de UNIV CAUIE RUBLES BUEE DEPT. GEOL EXPLANATION OF PLATE 15 Fauna of Martinez Eocene 1. Cypraea bayerquei Gabb. xX 1. Range, Tejon and Martinez. 2. Tritonium martinezensis, n. sp. X 2. 3. Tritonium buwaldi, n.sp. x I. 4. Brachysphingus liratus Gabb. X 1. A very easily identifiable and characteristic Martinez species. 5. Turbinella crassatesta Gabb. X 2. 6. Ficopsis, sp. X 1. Ta. Urosyca caudata Gabb. X 1. This species changes with increase in size. The nodes become larger and Jess numerous in large specimens. 7b. Urosyca caudata Gabb. X 1?. 8. Urosyca robusta Weaver. X 1. From a locality near Selby Smelter. 9. Siphonalia(?) lineata Stanton. X 1. ig. 10. Hemifusus waringi, n.sp. X 2. g.11. Neptunea mucronata Gabb. x 1. A characteristie Martinez species. g.12. Neptunea cretacea Gabb. X 1. [174] (or UINIVe CARIES PUBL. BULLE DERI. GEOL [DICKERSON] VOL. 8, PL. | , EXPLANATION OF PLATE 16 Fauna of Martinez Eocene Fusus aequilateralis Weaver. X 2. Fusus mathewsonit Gabb. > 1. Range Tejon and Martinez. Fusus occidentalis Gabb. X 1. Fusus aratus Gabb. X 1. Fusus flecuosus Gabb. X 2. Fusus dumblei, n.sp. X 2. Olivella claytonensis, n.sp. X 3. . Perissolax tricarnatus Weaver. X 1. This species may be only a variety of P. blakei Conrad, as it is found in the type Tejon along with the bicarnate form. The tricarnate form is however the commoner in the Martinez. . Perissolax tricarnatus Weaver. X 1?. 9a. Turris louderbacki, n.sp. X 1. . Turris louderbacki, n.sp. X 1. Surcula merriami, n. sp. X 1. Surcula (Surculites) andersoni, n. sp. X 1. Surcula fairbanksi, n.sp. X 1. Surcula, sp. X 1. . Sureula, sp. X 1. [176] VINIVG CARLIE; (PUB, BULLE, DEPT. “GEOL. - [DICKERSON] VOL. 8 O , Pl 16 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 17 Fauna of Martinez Eocene Heteroterma gabbi Stanton. X 1. Actaeon lawsoni Weaver. X 3. Bullinula subglobosa Weaver, after Weaver. X 2. . Ringinella pinguis Gabb. X 2. A species found in the middle and lower portions of the Martinez. . Ringinella pinguis Gabb. X 2. 5a. Hercoglossa merriami, n.sp. X 1. . Hercoglossa merriami, n.sp. X 1. This species may be related to the eastern species Hercoglossa (Enclimatoceras) ulrichi White. [178] MK 17 [DICKERSON] VOL. 8, PL. PUB EW SUEE DER GEO, UNIV, CALIF. > EXPLANATION OF PLATE 18 Fauna of Martinez Eocene “Fig. 1. Aturia mathewsonii Gabb. X 1. This cephalopod occurs both in Martinez and Tejon. Fig. 2a. Nautilus stephensoni, n.sp., side view. X 1. Fig. 2b. Nautilus stephensoni, n.sp., back view. X 1. [180] UNIV: “CALIF, PUBL, BULL. DEPT. GEOL, [DICKERSON] VOL. 8, PL. 18 VotuME 5—(Continued). PRICE Notes on Lawsonite, Columbite, Beryl, Barite, and Caleite, by Arthur S, Eakle........ 10¢ he Fossil Fishes of California, with Supplementary Notes on Other Species of fmbesnisties, by «David Starr (Jord aricj8 reese ca. cececcdewt ax aeseiconsvosteltoustnseeovseaccslaceectcnee 50¢ sh Remains from the Marine Lower Triassie of Aspen Ridge, Idaho, by Malcolm Tha gpa aR ES eS era ome eC a 5¢ mitoite, a New California Gem Mineral, by George Davis Louderback, with _ Chemical Analysis by Walter C. Blghdale aeoos eee BOs LR egy 5e¢ Notes on Quaternary Felidae from California, by John F, Bovard.........-....2:-...----0-0--- 15¢ fertiary Faunas of the John Day Region, by John ©. Merriam and William J. © agi eepeet gee er ag §. Physiography and Structure of the Western El Paso Range and the Southern Sierra Nevada, by Charles Laurence Baer <_...:..2.-J-i22----.-scss.Ccth-uonleneeie nena oe 7. Faune from the Type Locality of the Monterey Series in California, by Bruce Martin, a 8. Pleistocene Rodents of California, by Louise Kellogg ..n-.-ssccesesssoscessrseuesneecnseeeseseseue 9. Tapir Remains from Late Cenozoic Beds of the Pacific Coast Region, by — ‘aes MerriaM «..0.. 42: jeosnenseotenctnornnsonbepacsoetedeiltiaecuvenmeeeid dynasties ina: Hoke eee ees : 10. The Monterey Series in California, by George Davis Louderback .............. 11. Supplementary Notes on Fossil Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl Hugh Beal 12, Fauna of the Eocene at Marysville Buttes, California, by Roy E. Dickerson ......... 13. Notes on Scutella norrisi and Seutaster mudeniae by Robert, W. Flack) ......peues ae . Notes on the Later Gian queda History A the Mohiree Desert ‘Heath he . Avifauna of the Pleistocene Cave Deposits of California, by Loye. Holme . A Fossil Beaver from the Kettleman Hills, California, by Louise Kellogg . Notes on the Genus Desmostylus of Mavsh, by John C. Merriam . . The Elastic-Rebound | Theory of Earthquakes, by Harry Fielding ‘Reid... . The Skull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rantho La Brea, by J . The Petrographie Designation of Alluvial Fan Formations, by ‘Andri _ A Peculiar Horn or Antler from the Mohave Miocene of California, } . Nothrotherium and Megalonyx from the Pleistocene of Southern California, . Notes on the Canid Genus Tephrocyon, by John C. Merriam . Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle Maied, ci’ by . Recent Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of the Ploistatael Bone . Preliminary Report on the Horses of Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam . . New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by John o . New Protohippine Horses from Tertiary Beds on the Western Border of t . Pleistocene Beds at Manix in the Eastern Mohave Desert Region, by John uy . The Problem of Aquatic Adaptation in the Carnivora, as Illustrated in the re ps Vouvme 6— (Conti ued). California, by Charles Laurence Baker _....-t-2 2p see-senc-ernten--seeseeeee= John C. Merriam ..2.2ieccccstins nes eseot ecsckey ee cers eee ee ee ye C. Lawson a y John C. Moti THAI oo. oc2se snc ep deedeesennencceence ances ta WL OS ons Ee Si eee ee | Chester Stock sp 6 0058 2k. ue ee Oe ee ee ee ee seoveseenstsene C. Merriam of Rancho La Brea, by Reginald C. Stoner ae ta Merriam Desert, by John C. Merriam seer ten nee nee nee een e renee ened anna eet e nena hennaNipn nes enn eeenees sedenae Buwalda . ology and Evolution of the Sea-Otter, by Walter P. Taylor .................... VOLUME 8. on Is the Boulder ‘‘Batholith’’ a Laccolith? A Problem in Ore-Genesis, by An ©. La WOM | occ sccosescss niteadelbe lac tecoade scons Popa UE Hec ROO. pana ee Note on the Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, by Roy E. Dickerson Teeth of a Cestraciont Shark from the Upper Triassic of Northern Cali fornia, BY --s BRUCE: MARTIN | +5 c \ 2% Ge ae UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Be ME Wie Se BERKELEY ie ‘ er ee | * 54 ” 2 . ie ¥ JE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA emesis ox Norg.—The University of California Publications are offered in exchange eations of learned societies and institutions, universities and libraries. or all the publications of the University will be sent upon request. For sample copi publications and other iuformation, address the Manager of the University Press, E California, U. S. A. All matter sent in exchange should be addressed to The Department, University Library, Berkeley, California, U. S. A. ried OTTO HARRASSOWITZ R. FRIEDLAENDER & Soun LEIPZIG BERLIN Agent for the series in American Arch- Agent for the series in American aeology and Ethnology, Classical Philology, aeology and Ethnology, Agricultural Scie Economics, Education, History, Modern Botany, Geology, Mathematics, Pathole Philology, Philosophy, Psychology. Physiology, Zoology, and Memoirs. Geology.—ANnpDrew C. LAawsor and Jone C. Merriam, Editors. Price per volume, $3.50, Volumes I (pp. 435), II (pp. 450), IIL (pp. 475), IV (pp. 462), V (pp. 448), oe 4 VI (pp. 454), and VII (pp. ie completed. Vol. VIII in progress. ie i Cited as Univ. Calif, Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. RS Co Volume 1, 1893-1896, 485 pp., with 18 plates, price ...........- Pein NE Ne EE $3.50 _— ie Volume 2, 1896-1902, 450 pp., with 17 plates and i map, price ......... spoeewtis PAR $3.50" ° Volume 3, 1902-1904, 482 pp., with 51 plates, price <.:... 0 eee $3.50 "A list of the titles in volumes 1, 2 and 3 will be sent upon request. VOLUME 4. 1, The Geology of the Upper Region of the Main Walker River, Nevada, by i YAR 11111) ee one MMn MRR Sie Or a Rey GT 2. A Primitive Tehthyosaurian Limb from the Middle Triassie of Nevada, by John OP Merriam in. igh aedela dike cease eek: pea uce SUBS GUM ep At 3. Geological Section of the Coast Ranges North of the Bay of San Franeises, by Nay (LA MIN iON ae 4. Arcas of the California Neocene, by Vance G. Osmont 5. Contribution to the Palaeontology of the Martinez Group, by Charles BE. Weaver 6 7 8 . New or Imperfectly Known Rodents and Ungulates from the John Day Series, by William J. Simelaar ooo oes esnse ne decasbun geen otehe pontaraey Renpas eee tae eer . New Mammalia from the Quarternary Caves of California, by William J. Sinclair . Preptoceras, a New Ungulate from the Samwel Cave, California, by Eustace L, Furlong . The Differential Pheeal Conduetivities of Certain Schists, by Paul Thelen............ 12, Sketch of the Geology of Mineral King, California, by A. Knopf and P. Thelen...” 18. Cold Water Belt Along the West Coast of the United States, by Ruliff 8. ew ©. 14, The Copper Deposits of the Robinson Mining District, Nevada, by Andrew TL WSONDL © \.2a2-2ccee-neneetjnatbon encpesesne- sedbetueadeuicubhs lemanb nat teeistsiy hee etiente ear ia tae 15. I. Contribution to the Classification of the Amphiboles. II. On Some Glaucophane Schists, Syenites, ete., by G. Murgoei i6. The Geomorphic Features of the Middle Kern, by Andrew C, Lawson............. 17. Notes on the Foothill Copper Belt of the Sierra Nevada, by A, Knopf. 18. An Alteration of Coast Range Serpentine, by A. Knopf. Nos. 17 and 18 inf 01 COV OT. ...0.- joseceecnsnesiepeenes-nnashnasone-4+aauenr eee ee 19. The Geomorphogeny of the 6 en Valley System, by Andrew C. Lawson... Ee reid VOLUME 5 1. Carnivora from the Tertiary Formations of the John Day Region, by Mexia... .220.-cesctdb ances ceca scosuespeaatebalp so adenndas 1 nee nan nee Nm eee ' 2. Some Edentate-like Remains from the Maseall Beds of Oregon, by William Sinclair. ; 3. Fossil Mollusea from the John Day and Maseall Beds of ds by Es Re Stearns, Wos..2 and 3 in ome Coveriyege) foe.- jc pot oceneen sane eed tena ae a New Cestraciont Teeth from the West American Triassic, by Edna M, Wen ple . Preliminary Note on a New Marine Reptile from the Middle Triassic of | by John C. Merriam... .-cs--sesccoeeterecnnessnsscnsenneecnnenseennscennansanancennas oe UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 181-202, pls. 19-22 Issued August 6, 1914 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF FOSSIL MOLLUSCA FROM THE LATER MARINE NEOCENE OF CALIFORNIA BY BRUCE MARTIN CONTENTS PAGE BUOYANGHTS OLCLUT CDI a Ieee eo cae cas eee ae Sa cocoa Pee eee ea seas seater seyact sca bec wes se eu eucbes i sattstcceeiatanastst 181 me Modiolusestal denisy meso: fei. fse ese, Reece. aces ee Sectasa cece cies satdeaccacceeeeneeeeesestyeeseedetet 182 SUCCIUMUMMSAUNC OTS Me 'SP)s crete eccevesectesss vs salde dest ca te dates deve tec adsdasnsuededvasesaetedeueseeaseaes 183 INVGVSISE, THAMES WINE TS) 5 cr See ee re re eee 183 WhrySOMOMUSMIAWSONT, MiSP:. .2.--22-c-c-c:co-secccecncasecessccecececasecescseseceececusceececcecadeseaseestecs 184 @hrysOGOMUS! CUTEKACNSIS, NSP. ...-2..--.-c22-c tee eeececesncececcsecassceesesnetecce mteeceseeneeddesesaees 185 @ArySOMOMUS SCOLIACNSIS, NSP, ..-:ccs-c-s-ncesesececceesccsecoecedseaessaecectececcseesceqeceseeaecessenssess 186 @WhrySOdOMUS ANMeTSONI,. N. SP. -..--.---c---c.c--cteecceccseesesarenccteceeenecnseencace ereeeccesiaseuescaccaees 186 Chrysodomus purisimaensis, N. SP. -.....2..2-.:c2:c-ceececceceececeeeeccoeeeeeceeseceeseeeeeeeeeeeneeseses 187 Chrysodomus tabulatus var. colmaensis, 0. VAL. -......22.2-.22-0:-cesceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 188 Chrysodomus tabulatus (Baird) -..0...2...22..2..-:-e:cesceeccceeceecceceeoee coseeececeneeeeneeseeeeeseeeness 189 Tritonofusus fortunasensiS, . SP. -....-.-....-ccecceeccececeeesnceeceecseeeseeeececceneeeececeeceeeneee 189 MTL OMOLUSUS UTVETSL,, NS pa ce.ee0steX fessor eae: hs cec sien cedec este ecctoe caeseene taco seeeeeeelese cee 190 BVfoluGOpSIUS: CULCKACNSIS, D.'SP. 2i2...-....cccce0-sceccenseseeseeeescostaecctdcesosscseascecceseveatuececesenes 190 Boreotrophon fleenerensis, n. SP. -.....---.:2:-2-:-e:c-ceeceeececceceeeeeeeeee eens eeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 191 PANS ODMCCIMUIM: ALMOIGL, We/SPs <--cccece-cecceceeceecencenccoeeeacece seca neecpeeseeeecosecnedeewececcenteneenens 192 PATTODUCCINUIM SCOLACHSE, We'SP: St are at aN 3 A a. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS SE Big? ws aia BERKELEY e. [PARTMENT OF {9 er Issued November 7, 1914 FERNANDO GROUP NEAR NEWHALL, NOV T7 1 Nove. —The University of California Publications are o area in Baal eations of learned societics and institutions, universities and libraries. all the publications of the University will be sent upon request. For sample copies, publications and other information, address the Manager of the University > [ California, U. S. A. All matter sent in exchange should be addressed to The Department, University Library, Berkeley, California, U. S. A. ee Meer OTTO HARRASSOWITZ if LP R. FRIEDLAENDER & SOHN LEIPzi¢ BERLIN : Agent for the series in American Arch- Agent for the series in Autoniceelill aeology and Ethnology, Classical Philology, aeology and Ethnology, Agricultural $ Heonomics, Education, History, Modern Botany, Geology, Mathematics, Pathology Philology, Philosophy, Psychology. Physiology, Zoology, and Memoirs, | P/ al Geology.—ANDREW ©, Lawson and JoHNn C. Merriam, Editors. Priee per volume, $ Volumes i Rvs 435), IL (pp. 450), IIT (pp. 475), IV (pp. 462), V (pp. 448), ! VI (pp. 454), and VII (pp. 500), completed. Vol. VIII in progress. Cited as Univ. Calif, Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sad Volume 1, 1893-1896, 435 pp., with 18 plates, price sesoeeesceapanennsthgarhonye ae pee Volume 2, 1896-1902, 450 pp,, with 17 plates and 1 map, price ........0. ed id Volume 3, 1902-1904, 482 pp., with 51 plates, price ..........--2.-.cilccsastscnsrusesspeeeem oe A list of the titles in volumes 1, 2 and 3 will be sent upon request. VOLUME 4. Ay . The Geology of the Upper Region of the Main Walker River, Nevada, by Dwight vy. . he Srna nanan a Seine engaednntcnoeetocnlngd Bap arunne stetna poe nalioe sconce err ( A Primitive Iehthyosaurian Limb from the Middle Triassic of Nevada, by Foun C@e> Mierria 12.) oc.ccceciscc ico beancngeqperentotesitnt p eisuuabea estaba sti ccads Re ie ee a rr ee: Geological Section of the Coast Ranges North of the Bay of San Francisco, by Vio Co OSM UE) cane none sdendeaen csnnssdeccannndoe eubhodebbnsiets uaack2 bane se onkanucs aeaea poe ae . Areas of the California Neocene, by ‘Vance C. Osmont........-.20-.cescescersocseonesentereceerernenes . Contribution to the Palaeontology of the Martinez Group, by Charles H. Wave} . New or Imperfectly Known Rodents aad Ungulates from the John Day Series, by ‘aa William J. Simelair 2... sgn ten cctccenmdunecape pro tbeesnesnaanussen cep aantogs pe to etae ee en adc aaen . New Mammalia from the Quarternary Caves of California, by William J. Sinclair . Preptoceras, a New Ungulate from the Samwel Cave, California, by Eustace Lisaad ON Aner &O DH fH Furlong 9. A New Sabre-tooth from California, by John C. Merriam ......--.-.-csscosnecenses-oeseuees eikecaal 10. The Structure and Genesis of the Comstock Lode, by John A. Reid.........1..-. pve Oa 11. The Differential Thermal Conductivities of Certain Schists, by Paul Thelen... : 12. Sketch of the Geology of Mineral King, California, by A. Knopf and P. Thelen... 13. Cold Water Belt Along the West Coast of the United States, by Ruliff 8. Holw 14, The Copper Deposits of the Robinson Mining District, Nevada, by Andrew TUAWSON © ...-....-d.cuose----.0c---coelbeanctegnecunaastte ness deeseeeesed eh Uaauere aeiie te neta ae eo Sense INE et 15. I. Contribution to the Classification of the Amphiboles, : : TI, On Some G laifippfinna Schists, Syenites, ete., by G. Murgoci..........:/ccsssssssssees i6. The Geomorphic Features of the Middle Kern, by Andrew C, Lawson... Pet 17. Notes on the Foothill Copper Belt of the Sierra Nevada, by A. Knopf, 18. An Alteration of Coast Range Serpentine, by A. news “ Nos. 17 and 18 in one cover.. ~banoeaaaieee 19. The Geomorphogeny of the Tehachapi ‘Valley System, ‘by. Andrew ron ‘Lawson... f VOLUME 5 1. Carnivora from the Tertiary Formations of the John ‘bas Region, by John 2, Some Edentatslike Remains from the Madeall Beds of Oregon, by William 3. Fossil Molinseo from the John Day and Maseall Beds of Oregon, by airs earns, ey Nos, 2and) S Hy ORE COV OM ec. Feociser ann pyceenenn nes enna daaee ee . New Cestraciont Teeth from the West American Triassic, by E . Preliminary Note on a New Marine Reptile from the Middle Triassie of N by John C. Merriam...............:..-... dosecacsecesdioefeacacnt lode candi Bee hian tele: seams aeaa mae pas UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF Z GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 203-218, pl. 23 Issued November 7, 1914 THE FERNANDO GROUP NEAR NEWHALL, CALIFORNIA BY Wx WALTER A. ENGLISH CONTENTS PAGE Herts NG G1 OMe sees Seeeee screen haere ree sSeee Yan, Sy geee cca ees Pose edo eS fast) Aiea Sees 203 TUS HCOp eT LLB GCE 8 ee a 204 HHISTM@ Hem Cait O MiseAW Caceres se ce cese cee tne ocase eee. 5 casada goear Sect eaube ues sone eatecdscncanssvactsodpiekeatosbecases¥2 205 Pico Cafion Area 207 MONS erm@ amo melo call abiy: eeee coe es eee nee cece cease ee eee n ecg mee Eee ect ee eee eo 208 RS UTM eT aT COM Vial Cy foc oeees ce se ec ee taco e ede ce See vetoes ese cous S28 Se et Beco ee eb seeeceteceeseceszncen, LOD inlaumiaofethe Tower Mernando) ....-22--...22-cccce-c-cce-cesccesteescceceeeeeeccstecceecrsteeesesscnseeeeeeesss 209 ISSIUTTETIITT eh Tl ames eeee aie cane eee eee Ste ae er 7 Seer caeen 0. Nene ee Seren Ae wt eo is 214 WD ES Crap ULONMO ta INC Was DCCLOS) eeacccescesaca2e case ec as ees easeee Sete eceate cic sucec eee ce =ce-cnceeeseee-2-20eee+-22 214 @hiomenelsmerénsisS,!N. Spo. 2-2 feecce cece ceeceen co sect eceeecesceeedeeeececececceseeciesrerazensecceeeraecene=e 214 Chino mere nna O OMSiS\y Me [0s eccsee screen naece ee: ees eee eee ee ee IID (Gaymumiemme SMEnensSe, Sys -2 cscs aes sees 22ers oes eee etee hee cabes coe eee deeeweanceeess- ID AMET borates T UMD) ATI, SO gece sees tdsac ste cane ozs eee naneeystac ets 2e 20 ee_ 52503! s-29c8deeesecescadteefesesaedetecass 216 Cancellaria elsmerensis, 0. SP. -....-..-----:---:c-seeccececceceeccceeeececececeececeeneenseneeeceseceaeeaee 216 Mumrris elSMerensis, MN. SP. <-.---c-cc2-cceenencee-ce-2--e- See ae ee eee sees Aly) OUND): stew ANE aS ICaYSY AAS aly (SH ON eee eee eee ee I Be 217 INTRODUCTION Overlying the granitic rocks in Elsmere Canon, twenty-five miles northwest of Los Angeles, California, are certain fossiliferous sand- stones and shales the age of which has been in doubt for a number of years. They have been determined at different times as Vaqueros, Monterey, and Fernando. It was with the idea of obtaining addi- tional information on the age and relationships of these beds that the writer undertook a study of them. At the same time interesting col- lections of fossils were made from beds of Fernando age at other 204 University of California Publications in Geology [ Vou, 8 localities in this vicinity, and it was thought well to include notes on these collections in the present paper. The work has been carried out under the direction of Dr. J. C. Merriam. The writer’s field work was done during parts of the months of January and June, 1912. HISTORICAL REVIEW As early as 1869 Gabb!' listed and described a number of shells which were sent to him from the San Fernando and Santa Clara River valleys, and which he reeognized as coming from a formation of Pliocene age. George H. Ashley,” who visited the locality of the San Fernande ass in 1894, says of this region: ‘‘ At the San Fernando tunnel in Los Angeles County the beds that have been considered as Miocene of the Monterey Series are overlaid conformably by a series of eal- careous sandstones and conglomerates which are quite fossiliferous.’’ He made a collection of twenty-three determined species, of which fourteen, or sixty per cent, are living. He considered the beds to be of the same age as beds which are now known as the Purisima for- mation. In 1900 W. L. Watts visited Elsmere Canon during the course of a study of the California oil fields. In his report® he correlates the oil sands of Elsmere Canon with other oil-vielding sandstones in the eastern part of the Santa Clara River Valley, all of which he considers to be of middle Neocene age. He made collections of fossils from the vicinity of Santa Paula, Camulos, and Holser Canon, which were identified by Dr. J. C. Merriam as coming from a middle Neocene horizon. Watts also mentions a locality in Elsmere Canon where ‘*sandstones of the middle Neocene’’ rest uneconformably on ‘‘hard sandstones resembling the Eocene sandstones of the Sespe district.” This locality was not recognized by the writer. During the years 1901-1902 the region of the Santa Clara River Valley was investigated and mapped by G. H. Eldridge.*| He makes the first published use of the name Fernando formation, using it as a group name for a great thickness of sandstones and conglomerates in the region of the Santa Clara River Valley, and including all beds 1Gabb, W. M., Palae. Cal., V. 2, p. 49, 1869. 2 Ashley, G. H., Proce. Cal. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 337, 1895. 3 Watts, W. L., Bull. Cal. Min. Bureau, No. 19, p. 56, 1900. 4 Eldridge, G. H., U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 309, pp. 22, 96-98, 1907. 1914] Hnglish: The Fernando Group near Newhall, California 205 which overlie the Modelo formation (Miocene) except the flat-lying (Quaternary) stream-terrace gravels. He mapped the shaly beds in Elsmere Canon as Vaqueros, and in the text speaks of their having a typical Vaqueros fauna. His age determination was, however, prob- ably based chiefly on lithologic similarity to beds a few miles to the west in the Santa Susana Mountains, which he mapped as Vaqueros because of their lithologie similarity to and apparent structural con- tinuity with beds still farther west containing Vaqueros fossils. He describes an unconformity in Elsmere Canon between the Fernando gravels and the underlying so-called Vaqueros sandstone. This uncon- formity is discussed later. In the same bulletin, the palaeontologic work for which was prepared by Ralph Arnold, there is given a list of fossils from Elsmere Canon, which are considered to be of Fernando age. In 1910 R. B. Moran made a collection of fossils in Elsmere Canon. In a paper read before the Palaeontological Society of the Pacific Coast he considered the fauna to be of Monterey age because of the presence in it of certain species which he believed to be characteristic of that horizon. ELSMERE CANON AREA This area, which includes only a few square miles, is about three miles southeast of the town of Newhall, which is situated on the line of the Southern Pacifie Railroad thirty miles northwest of Los Angeles. This and the other areas discussed in this paper are shown on the Santa Susana and San Fernando sheets of the government topographic maps, and on the geologic map accompanying Bulletin 309 of the Geological Survey. Elsmere Canon hes on the extreme northwest flank of the San Gabriel Range, just east of the San Fernando Pass, which separates the San Gabriel Range from its westward continua- tion, the Santa Susana Range. The cafon, which is about three miles long, runs in a northwest direction to Elsmere Ridge, where it turns to the north and enters the rather broad, alluvium-floored Santa Clara River Valley. The general elevation of the Santa Clara River Valley is here about 1200 feet, and the highest point in the San Gabriel Range in this immediate vicinity is about 3500 feet. Nearly the whole of the San Gabriel Range consists of a complex of granitic rocks and schists probably not younger than Jurassic in 206 University of California Publications in Geology [ Vou. 8 age, and possibly much older. The rocks in the west end of the San Gabriel Range are chiefly granodiorite, with gneiss and various schists. Rocks of the Fernando group form a border around the edge of the range between the central igneous and metamorphic area and the alluvium of the surrounding valleys. In Elsmere Cafion, beds of the Fernando group not less than 3000 feet thick were laid down upon an eroded surface of the granitic rocks. The basal ten to fifteen feet of Tertiary rocks consist of subangular to rounded fragments of granite with abundant comminuted shells. The next 700 to 800 feet of strata consist of coarse, quartzose shale made up of small angular fragments and containing some volcanic ash. None of this shale seems to be diatomaceous. Toward the upper part the shale becomes coarser and erades into fine-grained sandstone. These beds, especially in their lower part, contain hard, round concretions from six inches to three feet in diameter, in which are found marine shells, mammal bones, fragments of fossil wood, and teredo borings. The shales are all stained a chocolate color by petroleum, and in places the bitumen is abundant enough to form a cementing material. Near Elsmere Ridge there are a number of small brea deposits formed by rather recent oil seeps, and wells near Elsmere Canon produce a heavy oil from these lower strata. Stratigraphically above the fine sandstones and shales is a series of cross-bedded coarse sandstones alternating with conglomerates. These strata are well exposed on the sides of Elsmere Ridge, in Whitney Canon, just north of Elsmere Canon, and in Placerita Canon; and they extend for an undetermined distance eastward along the northern flank of the San Gabriel Range, where they attain a great thickness. In Elsmere Canon the conglomerate consists of rounded to sub-angular pebbles and boulders up to two feet in diameter, of granitic, and less commonly of voleanie rocks. The pebbles grade down in size into a coarse sand which fills the interspaces. These beds are of a light buff color and are not well indurated, though they are more resistant to erosion than the underlying beds, and weather to steep slopes. The lithologie character and fossils indicate that the lower sandstones and shales are of marine origin, and the lthology of the conglomerates indicates that they are not of marine origin. The lower fine sandstone and shaly beds were mapped as Vaqueros by Eldridge, and were considered by him to be unconformably over- lain by the conglomeratie beds. The writer believes that all these beds belong properly in the Fernando group. The two lithologie divisions 1914] Knglish: The Fernando Group near Newhall, California 207 are well exposed on the ridge to the north of Elsmere Canon, where there is an abrupt and striking change from a medium-grained sand- stone to an overlying resistant coarse conglomerate which stands out very prominently on the otherwise even slope of the ridge. A mile farther west on the same ridge this conglomerate is less prominent and the change in lithology is not so abrupt. On Elsmere Ridge beds typical of both the upper and lower divisions are interstratified. The conglomerate on the north side of Elsmere Canon has a strike of N 50° W, and dips 12° N. The lower part of the shaly beds and the granitic surface on which they were deposited have a strike of N 65° W, and dip 20° N. Along with the difference in attitude there is a thin- ning out of the shaly beds toward the east so that the conglomerate rests directly on the granite at the head of Elsmere Canon. The change from marine sandy shales to the overlying coarse fluviatile conglomerates, marked at least locally by unconformity, makes a nat- ural division of the Fernando group into an upper and lower part for the eastern end of the Santa Clara River Valley. The principal localities at which collections of fossils were made are stratigraphically within one hundred feet of the base of the sandy shale in Elsmere Canion.* Many of the fossils come from beds only a few feet above the granite. Small collections of the same species were made on Elsmere Ridge and in Grapevine Canon on the south side of the San Fernando Pass. The overlying conglomerates and sandstones are non-fossiliferous. PICO CANON AREA Although the region of Pico Canon was one of the first oil-pro- ducing localities in the state, the only published account of the geology of the area is that of Eldridge, previously mentioned. Eldridge mapped the shaly beds near the middle of the Pico anticline as be- longing to the Vaqueros formation, which was seemingly conformably overlain by Fernando gravels. From a hasty examination of the area between Pico Cafon and the San Fernando Pass the writer came to the conclusion that at least part of the shaly beds in the Pico anticline are part of the Fernando group and not of Vaqueros age. 5U. C. Loe. 1601, NW 4 of NW ¥ of SE \, sec. 17, T. 3 N, R. 15 W, Mt. San Bernardino, B. and M.; in the bed of the canon, about one hundred yards downstream from the contact with the granite. U. C. Loe. 1602, about one hun- dred yards east of 1601, up small guleh which branches off to the east of the main creek. 208 University of California Publications in Geology | Vou. 8 The strata near the axis of the Pico anticline are fine-grained, chocolate-colored, oil-stained, slightly indurated sandstones and shales, which in places show a spheroidal and jointed structure. Above them similar fine-grained beds are interstratified with coarse conglom- erates, which latter become more abundant at higher horizons. About two thousand feet above the lowest zone the coarse beds entirely replace the fine sandy shales. On the north limb of the anticline the beds dip to the north at angles of from 20° to 70°, the steeper dips being near the axis, and the lesser ones at the edge of the valley. No structural evidence of unconformity was found. The lthologice sue- cession is the same in Pico Canon as in Elsmere Canon, where the sandy shales are fossiliferous. The two areas are only a few miles apart and the shaly beds seem to be continuous between them, though the structure is very irregular. It therefore seems probable that the sandy shales in Pico Canon are of the same age as those in Elsmere Canon. A collection of fossils? was made from a fine-grained sandstone near the upper limit of the interstratified fine-grained beds and gravels, in what was mapped by Eldridge as Fernando. This horizon appears to be stratigraphically above the fossiliferous beds in Elsmere Canon, though the fauna does not differ from that of the latter in character. HOLSER CANON LOCALITY A collection of fossils was made from near the head of Holser Canon‘ at the locality ‘‘five miles northeast of Camulos’’ referred to by Watts. The fossiliferous strata dip to the south at 50° to 70°, and lie on the south side of an anticline in which lower beds of Fernando are exposed, of a horizon at least one thousand feet lower than those where the collection was made. The fossiliferous beds are composed of poorly indurated, coarse to fine sandstone and conglomerate, and are of a buff to a light brown color. The fossils occur mostly in con- cretionary layers and nodules which, because of their superior hard- ness, form many of the boulders in the beds of adjacent creeks. Eld- ridge included this locality along with other localities in the same district in his lower faunal zone of the Fernando. 6U. C. Loc. 1608, Pico Cafion, one-quarter mile northwest of superintendent’s house, near tank on summit of ridge. 7U. C. Loe. 1637. Steep gulch on north side of small cafion near center SW y4, See. 12, T. 3 N, R. 18 W, Mt. San Bernardino B. and M. 1914] Hnglish: The Fernando Group near Newhall, California 209 SAN FERNANDO VALLEY Beds of the Fernando group are structurally continuous from the Santa Susana Range and the region of Elsmere Canon into the San Fernando Valley, where they flank the south side of the granitic mass of the San Gabriel Range. Northeast of the town of San Fernando are small areas of diatomaceous shale which oceupy the peculiar position of being next to the edge of the valley and separated from the granite by the presumably younger Fernando gravels. The fol- lowing forms were found east of Little Tejunga Creek* in a coarse sandstone of the Fernando: Trophosyeon nodiferum Gabb Solen siearius Gould Mulinia densata Remond, n. var. Psepis, sp.? Kchinarachinius excentricus Esch. Tellina, sp.? FAUNA OF THE LOWER FERNANDO The Fernando group includes beds of diverse lithology and of different ages, which probably belong to more than one formation, though the recognition of any stratigraphic divisions witnin the group awaits more detailed areal mapping than has yet been done. However, the faunas from different localities may be expected to show some- thing of the relationships and indicate possible separations within this succession of beds. The fossils of the following lst are from Elsmere and Holser eahons, with a smaller collection from Pico Canon, the species from the San Fernando Valley not being included. List or Fosstts From LowkrER FERNANDO HORIZON Elsmere Holser Pico Living Cafion Canon Cafion Echinoidea. Astrodapsis fernandoensis Paek ~........................ = x Eechinarachnius excentricus Esch. ..................-....- x x Peleeypoda. JNvoavenan iis} Coat, COR UKofs Ey (Ojoye, ee ere ee eerrneee eae x x x s Area trilineata Conrad ..... ae x Area camuloensis Osmont. Cardium quadrigenarium Conrad var. fernando- ensish: Amn Olde ois eecca cee ee oes sans ence se Cardium Spi? -.:-22:-20---2.2------ Chione elsmerensis, . SD. ......-.-----c-:---cecceeeececeeeceess Chione fernandoensis, n. Sp. ....2--22-:2:.20-220eeeeeeeee x x KX XK x x 8 U. C. Loc. 1638. East side Little Tejunga Cafion, about 114 miles from mouth. 210 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 . Elsmere Holser Pico Living Cafion Cafion Cafion Cryptomya, cf. ovalis Conrad .......22.22...22.2::-:e-0---- eae x x Dosinia ponderosa Gray (n. var.?) ...222.....---.------- wae x x ESS IDTSXOI eh a aun ADE eee x x x x Macoma indentata Cpr. -......2..2-::2:::-ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees x x x Macoma nasuta Conrad -..202...20.20.020.20220-c2eeceeeens x x Macoma secta Comrad 22222. e cece eee «x x Marcia subdiaphana Cpr. -...22.2-2022.22-2222-eeeeeeee- x x x Metis alta Conrad x x Modiolus, sp.? -..... x x BAC NOS of Oy eam ee eee eee ee eee rere x Bae Nueula castrensis Hinds —.........-.---.-c.c-----cecoee----- x x = x Ostrea veatchi Gabb ......-....22----2-:--:ce-ecceceeceeeceeeceeeee < Panopaea generosa Gould ...............---c2-0ec-cceeeneseeeee x x x Medel ovabiey, weeyMenmabaake), (Oops ee pen ee eee x oes x Peeten ashleyi Arnold ........22c.cc02ccccceccesccecsecceeeceenee x ree IPEctentcenrosensis: Gaps ese eens x x x Pecuen thiealliva: Amn oll dy Bieesses sess oeee sees see reeeeeeeees x x Pecten’ owen “Ammo ii c2e ccc ee ecco eee s seers ceeeeeee ee aeeeee x x IPLEXeUKer nly Fay pte CCENSN) esas pee ee eer ae eee eee a Be aes x Pecten, sp.? small ........ oe x Phacoides acutilineatus C x x x Phacoides) muttaln (Comma sete. ee eee eeeeerceeee x x x Phacoides richthofeni Gabb -..........22...2.0......--...--- x x x Phacoides santaecrucis Arnold ....................2--+-- x x Proto candvarcemtifilosas © prs see cceecceee seer cee seers x es eee x Psamobia edentula Gabb .........2...22..2..22:22-00001eee- x? x on rsfollisynk tekoeiseatw sp (Estoy bl Wel oa ere ee oh Ee «x x x x Spisula catilliformis Conrad ................-..2--2--.------- x ae x "Me lila a pati dlave sD) ale Pe oases oes ae aac ave x x x Venericardia californica Dall ..................-..--..--.--- oe x x aise Wola COopern Gia yeaa eee eee seer x a ae x Gastropoda. A mphissary (Sos 2 sce cscs accesses ccaces toca ccecetea. eae eae i x AVS GT QUIT UST) At cette oneness ota einen aa terns doses eraneee eee ae x x Bathytoma carpenteriana Gabb, var. fernando- evel warren OM Gs avsce sa ee stvcstececcceeueeeete concer essen neeeeeree ae x x Sittium ck. asperum Gab: 22. cio cc cceeee x x x VEAUUMET q onouantcy yell oh eh aOR aab eee eee eee x she x x Calyptraea filosa Gabb ...........-- a Xx aes x Calyptraea radians Arnold = x Cancellaria elsmerensis, ND. SP. ..-..---.-------------0------- x Canecellaria fernandoensis Arnold ............ Eeieee ee x Cancelllaria, tritomudae Gabi eraser ae eee eee x x Chrysodomus arnoldi Rivers? ........-.--------s-+----+-- x x x (@tyis 0.0) O mS aS 10 ot aaa x a Conus califiormicus: Hinmd Ss! .22.222-sccccecee-seeceeeee e-nee-eee=e x x x Crepidula onyx Sowerby —-------------2-:-c-2e2--2-- x aee x Crepidula princeps Conrad x x Cypraea fernandoensis Arnold ...........-.---------------- nae x 4 x Drillia johnsoni Arnold 1914] English: The Fernando Group near Newhall, California 211 : Elsmere Holser Pico Living Canton Cafion Canon Fusus barbarensis Trask ..........2..2...2::2::-2seeseeeeee0+ x x ™ x Gyrineum elsmerense, n. sp, -.........-2--0-2202:0-0+20000---- Gee: x Mein allay eS 5 Peace ec ctectcoee cc cen cs ee ne ree eee ee = x Maitra: adiea (Dall) 2222-2 seccrce-ccec-cc eee eee eecerseseee aS ere x x Nassa waldorfensis Arnold ~............00.220.2..22.022--2---- nee x x x Neverita recluziana Petit. -........-..------c-essseeeeee---+ x x x x CMW eCUey, shakes) LO ery eee ees eee ne Pisania fortis Cpr., var. angulata Arnold _....... —_ — x BOUVNICOS s4S)) ee cesear etn c enaees ez den ces eesete ee a ae ete = x a Y Sinum scopulosum Conrad |..........2...2........---- = x x Siphonalia kelletti Forbes -.....2.0..20.022.2220-------2---- me x Menebra, Martinis MSP ae cesscceeee caeeceeceeee coze-cececaeeens-= AEs = x MRO NON, (S])j2 see cee- seers ee 2-0 se oaeas aca ss ee A ee x x Trophosycon nodiferum Gabb ............2.------..-2-------- ae x Murnibella coopery Cpr cesccecccecwee sees cee ee x x x » MumnistelSmerensisy espe eeece ccs sec esas es cece seer es eeee a= aes x Turris fernandoensis, n. Sp. -..........--2.---2-0-200---0---20+ ae x Brachiopoda. Terebratalia smithi Arnold ..............2.22..22....0-2.------ = ~— Ne Vertebrata. : BETTS) 01 842) GLE) 0) 2 mee ee oR ae a x Cetaceany DONCS gists cece cetaceans ec cec serene cases Camel bones, ef. Procamelus ................22------2.-------- oie x The seventy-six species listed may be taken as representative of the lower part of the Fernando in the Santa Clara River Valley. Of these seventy-six species, there are sixty-six specifically identified, thirty-three of which are living, giving fifty per cent of Reeent species. In the Elsmere Canon collection there are fifty species, of which twenty-two, or forty-four per cent, are living. From Holser Canon, out of forty-eight species twenty-seven, or fifty-six per cent, are living. There are thirty-three species common to the two lists, and although the percentage of living species is slightly greater in the collection from Holser Cafion, the two faunas are practically of the same age and may be grouped together as a single faunal zone. The Pico Canon fauna also is of the same age as the other two. Eldridge® in his discussion of palaeontology divides the Fernando eroup in the Santa Clara River Valley into three faunal zones—a lower, middle, and upper. The writer’s work indicates only two main faunal zones, one lowest Pliocene, and the other near the top of the Pliocene or in the Pleistocene. The lower zone, as given by Eldridge, ineludes five localities, all represented by rather small collections, the lists of which were taken 9 Loc. cit. The palaeontologie work for this bulletin was prepared by Ralph Arnold. 212 University of California Publications in Geology | Vou. 8 from the California Mining Bureau Reports.!? There is a total of thirty-three species listed, of which only seventeen are specifically identified. One of the five localities is the Holser Canon locality, which is here shown to belong to the same horizon as the beds in Elsmere Canon; and the lists from the other four localities do not suggest an age different from that of the one mentioned. The middle Fernando fauna listed by Eldridge is from Elsmere Canon, where he collected thirty specifically identified forms. The list includes the following which were not found at that locality by the writer: Monia macrochisma Dall Pecten, ef. caurinus Gould Murex eldridgi Arnold Pecten, cf. parmeleei Dall Neptunea humerosa Gabb Priene oregonensis Redfield, Olivella intorta Carpenter var, angelensis Arnold The conclusion reached by Eldridge was that ‘‘the middle Fernando fauna... probably represents the typical fossiliferous portion of the Purisima and the lower part of the San Diego formation.’’ The fossils listed by Eldridge in his upper Fernando fauna were collected by Watts from three different localities. The list of species from northwest of Santa Paula contains seventeen species common to the writer’s lower Fernando fauna, with which it should be classed, though perhaps from a shghtly higher horizon. The number of species from the second locality is small, and their age is uncertain. Farther west, near Ventura, is the Barlow’s Ranch locality, which was also included in the upper faunal zone, but which is of upper Phocene or Pleistocene age, and very distinct from the lower Pliocene faunal zone. Its affinity is with the Santa Barbara Bathhouse Beach and Packard Hill Pleistocene faunas! of Arnold. This group forms an upper Fernando faunal zone. The structural relationship of the Fernando near Barlow’s Ranch to that farther east is not known at present, though the beds of this upper zone are probably equivalent to some part of the fluviatile conglomerates. There are thirty-eight species listed by Eldridge from the Fernando of the Puente Hills, of which seventeen are common to the lower Fernando list given by the writer. The beds are lthologieally similar to those in the Santa Clara River Valley, and belong to the lower part of the Fernando. 10 Watts, W. L., Bull. 19, Cal. Mining Bureau, p. 220, 1900. 11 Arnold, Ralph, Geology and oil resources of the Summerland district, California, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 321, 1907. 1914] HBnglish: The Fernando Group near Newhall, California — 218 Arnold and Anderson’s work in the Santa Maria district!’ led them to believe that ‘‘at least five and probably six distinet horizons are recognizable in the Fernando by means of characteristic fossil faunas, ... Those at b, c, d, and e are of marine origin, are closely related, belong at the base of the Pliocene, and are in a general way the equivalents of the middle Purisima and lower and upper San Diego formations.’’ This group, which includes most of his listed species, seems to be somewhat younger than the lower Fernando fauna listed by the writer. A comparison of faunal lists shows the lower Purisima’® to contain fifteen species in common with the lower Fernando as listed by the writer; of these species the following range down into the Santa Margarita or San Pablo formations: Area trilineata Conrad Panopaea generosa Gould Crepidula princeps Conrad Phacoides acutilineatus Conrad Cryptomya ovalis? Conrad Solen sicarius Gould Macoma nasuta Conrad The following species, common to the lower Fernando and lower Purisima, have not been listed from below the Purisima: Bathytoma earpenteriana, Pecten healyi Arnold var fernandoana Arnold Pecten oweni Arnold Nassa waldorfensis (var.?) Arnold Pisania fortis var. angulata Arnold Nucula castrensis Hinds Olivella intorta Cpr. Paphia tenerrima Cpr. Most of the preceding species are characteristic of this horizon and indicate a close relationship in age between the lower Purisima and the lower Fernando. The fauna listed by Arnold and Anderson' from the Etchegoin of Coalinga contains eighty-four determined species, of which eighteen are common to the lower Fernando, ten of these being found in the Purisima also. Most of the species common to the Fernando and the Etchegoin have an extended vertical range, so that the relationship is not so definitely shown as between the Fernando and the Purisima. It is probable that the lower Fernando and the Etchegoin do not differ greatly in age. 12 Arnold, Ralph, and Anderson, Robert, Geology and oil resources of the Santa Maria oil district, California, U. 8. Geol. Survey Bull. 322, pp. 57-60. 1907. 13 Branner, J. C., and others, Santa Cruz Folio No. 163. 14 Arnold, Ralph, and Anderson, Robert, Geology and oil resources of the Coa- linga district, California, U. 8. Geol. Survey Bull. 398, p. 125, 1910. 214 University of California Publications in Geology [ Vou. 8 SUMMARY There is developed in the eastern part of the Santa Clara River Valley a series of marine sandstones and sandy shales which contain a good marine fauna. This fauna is characteristic of the lower part of the Fernando group. It is approximately equal in age to the lower Purisima, and probably belongs near the base of the Pliocene in the standard time scale. These marine beds are overlain by a great thickness of non-fossil- iferous fluviatile conglomerates. Farther west, near Ventura and at Santa Barbara, a distinctly younger upper Pliocene or Pleistocene marine fauna is found in beds which have been classed as Fernando, and which are probably of the same age as the upper part of the fluviatile conglomerates of the eastern area. DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES CHIONE ELSMERENSIS, n. sp. Plate 23, figures la and 1b Shell large, outline rounded; dental formula L. 010101, second eardinal tooth bifid; shell ornamented by concentric lamellae which are less prominent on worn specimens; a radial sculpture of flat ribs developed by erosion; escutcheon distinct, forming a flattened area; the radial sculpture absent from the escutcheon, and for a distance of about ten millimeters below the escutecheon; ligament deep-seated ; lunule lanceolate, bounded by impressed line. Compared to Chione securis, this species is longer anteriorly; the escutcheon is narrower, and the lunule is of the same relative width but twice as long. It appears similar to the figure of a specimen from the lower Miocene at Calabasas, listed by Arnold as C. temblorensis, and which he says is similar to, or possible identical with, a form found in the upper Miocene. Leneth, 95 mm., of which two-thirds is posterior to the beak; altitude, 75 mm.; diameter, 45 mm.; lunule length, 20 mm., width, 12 mm. From lower Fernando, Elsmere Cafion. Univ. Calif. Loe. 1735. 1914] English: The Fernando Group near Newhall, California = 215 CHIONE FERNANDOENSIS, n. sp. Plate 23, figures 9a and 9b Shell small, sub-triangular, thick; lunule large, cordate, distinct, bounded by an impressed line; anterior dorsal slope short; posterior dorsal slope long and only very slightlv convex; escutcheon broad and Hat or shghtly coneave ; ligamental channel equal in length to one-third of posterior dorsal slope; base roundly arcuate; shell characterized by concentric lamellae which become more prominent upon erosion of specimens and give a corrugated appearance; radially sculptured by numerous fine ribs. This species is common in the lower part of the Fernando for- mation. It was probably identified as Chione succincta by Gabb, who lists the latter from the Pliocene near San Fernando. It differs from Chione succincta by its larger lunule and much finer radial ribbing, otherwise the two are very similar. Altitude, 18 mm.; length, 22 mm.:; diameter, 10.5 mm.; lunule length, 6 mm., width, 4 mm. From lower Fernando, Elsmere Canon, Pico Canon, Holser Canon, Simi Valley (Univ. Calif. Coll.). GYRINEUM ELSMERENSE, n. sp. Plate 23, figure 6 . Shell bueciniform; spire high, apex broken, two whorls present; suture deeply impressed, whorls rounding out below suture; varices prominent; two or three low, rounded ridges on body whorl between each two successive varices; shell cancellated, body whorl marked by about twenty flat spiral lines equal in width to the interspaces, these erossed by numerous fine longitudinal ribs; mouth opening oval, equal in height to half the estimated height of shell if complete; outer lip greatly thickened, spiral lines form small teeth on the inner surface of the lip; inner lip thinly enerusted, spiral lines show through the callus; canal apparently small, narrow. This species appears to be close to G. mathewsoni Gabb. It differs from Gabb’s figure in smaller size, somewhat more deeply impressed suture, and presence of the ridges between varices on the body whorl. Altitude, 26 mm.; width, 20 mm.; thickness, 14 mm.: mouth open- ing height, 15 mm., width, 8 mm. From lower Fernando, Elsmere Canon. Univ. Calif. Loc. 1601. 216 University of California Publications in Geology | VoL. 8 TEREBRA MARTINI, n. sp. Plate 23, figure 3 Shell small, spire high, conical whorls eight or more; ornamented by twenty-five prominent longitudinal ridges which are slightly con- cave towards the mouth opening; suture impressed, distinct sutural band below suture bounded anteriorly by a pseudo-suture, band equal in width to one-sixth height of whorl. This species has narrower sutural band and more numerous ribs than 7. coopert Anderson, from the Temblor formation. It has nar- rower sutural band, and more numerous and much more prominent vertical ribs than Terebra simpler Carpenter. Altitude (spire broken), 15 mm.; width, 5 mm. From lower Fernando, Holser Canon. Univ. Calif. Loe. 1637. CANCELLARIA ELSMERENSIS, n. sp. Plate 23, figure 8 Shell fusiform, spire elevated, whorls five to six; whorlg of spire angulated, angulation absent on the body whorl; mouth opening oval; whorls ornamented by ten to twelve longitudinal ridges; on body whorl these ridges become low and irregular in shape; whorls shew three or four faint spiral lines which are absent from the body whorl except for small area on posterior part of columella; outer lip thin; columella encrusted, smooth except for two acute plications anteriorly; callus extends above suture; canal short, straight. This species is similar to C. coopert Gabb, from which it differs by its smaller size, absence of angulation on body whorl, and the irregular ridges and growth lines on body whorl. Altitude, 25 mm.; width, 12 mm.; mouth opening width, 5 mm., equal in leneth to half total height of shell. From lower Fernando, Elsmere Canon. Univ. Calif. Loe. 1602. TURRIS ELSMERENSIS, n. sp. Plate 23, figures 4a and 4b Shell small, fusiform, spire high, apex unknown, whorls four to five present; angulated near suture, concave slope above shoulder ; whorls slightly convex below shoulder; body whorl evenly convex; longitudinal sculpture consists of eleven to twelve prominent rounded 1914] English: The Fernando Group near Newhall, California 21 -! ridges which slope slightly to the left and are most prominent on upper part of whorl near angle, but not present on the shoulder; shell spirally marked by two to three lines above and seven to eight lines below shoulder; body whorl and columella ornamented by twenty-five spiral lines which are sometimes sub-equal and alternating; aperture narrow; outer lip thin and smooth, prominently reflected; deep pos- terior sinus next to suture, outer edge of the sinus alone the line of angulation; canal short, curved shghtly backwards from the aperture ; columella smooth. This species is close to Turris coalingensis, from which it differs in having spiral lines finer and more numerous, and in having no difference in the coarseness of sculpture on body whorl and on eolu- mella. It differs from Mangila tabulatus from Bathhouse Beach, Santa Barbara, as figured by Arnold by having finer spiral ribbing and a shorter canal. Altitude, 29 mm.; width, 11 mm.; mouth opening height, 17 mm.., width, 5 mm.; posterior canal width, 2 mm., depth, 3 mm. From lower Fernando, Elsmere Canon. Univ. Calif. Loe. 1601. TURRIS FERNANDOENSIS, n. sp. Plate 23, figure 7 Shell small, fusiform; spire high, equal in height to the mouth opening; whorls five, roundly angulated, suture following lines of angulation of preceding whorl; prominent, wide, triangular noteh or canal on upper slope of body whorl, lower part of body whorl and canal ornamented by faint spiral lines which may have been eroded from rest of shell; mouth opening narrow; columella simple; canal medium leneth, straight. This species is similar in shape and size to Astyris richthofeni, but is longer anteriorly and is distinguishable by the presence of an an- terior notch. Altitude, 21 mm.; width, 9 mm.; mouth opening height, 11.5 mm., width, 3.5 mm. From lower Fernando, Elsmere Canon. (Univ. Calf. Coll.) — Fig. la, Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9a. Fig. 9b. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 23 All figures natural size 1b. Chione eismerensis, n. sp. External view of left valve, and internal: view showing hinge of left valve. Univ. Calif. Loe. 1735, Elsmere Cafion. Cancellaria tritonidae Gabb. The figure is of a variety showing rather prominent angulation, and is similar to specimens from the Upper San Pedro formation at San Pedro. Univ. Calif. Loc. 1602. Terebra martini, n. sp. Holser Cafion. Univ. Calif. Loc. 1637. . da, 4b. Turris elsmerensis, n. sp. Univ. Calif. Loe. 1602. Astrodapsis fernandoensis Pack. Univ. Calif. Loe. 1602. Gyrineum elsmerense, n. sp. Aperture view of imperfect specimen. Elsmere Cafion. Univ. Calif. Loc. 1601. Turris fernandoensis, n.sp. Aperture view. Elsmere Cafion. Univ. Calif. Loc. 1602. Cancellaria elsmerensis, n. sp. Posterior view. Elsmere Canon. Univ. Calif. Loe. 1602. Chione fernandoensis, n. sp. Elsmere Canon. Chione fernandoensis, nu. sp. View showing escutcheon. Elsmere Canon. Univ. Calif. Loe. 1602. [218] UNIVE CALIES RUBE, BULLE (DEPT. GEOL, LENGEISHG) VOL8; PIL, 23 — o 7 | 32 oe a oe t ’ y , OF ¢ ] a ‘ | ~. 4 2. 3 } * 7 : “F tee Baad 7 ' = ~ Pa 5 a New Galera Gem Mineral, by George Davis Louderback, with emical Analysis by Walter C. Blasdale We an Ad 3 See A Pie 2S oie 5. RN) i A : se. OR ‘Quaternary Felidae from California, by Jolin F. Bovard.o......2..2:cc2sceecse-sneeoee 1b e' eee Faunas of the John Day Region, by John C, Merriam and William J. SETAE 5-8 2 RS OR Sie A Ae Sa aT Ae Pe ir an RS aS OR 30c Quaternary Myriopods and Insects of Colitecnia, by Fordyce Grinnell, Jr................. 10e Notes on the Osteology of the Thalattosaurian Genus Nectosaurus, by John C. uNPIEDRD 2 a epee AN AMIDE ee eee ce oe nea SeM ele ath em id te PM ce 10¢ / on Some California Minerals, by Arthur (S., Walden: 2 eee ts eae: ‘15¢ : stes on a Collection of Fossil Mammals from Virgin Valley, Nevada, by James. a. PEANGayE RS). (GHIGU EN A eae oo cat 0 ee NR 0 a Ea ae ae 10e sf graphy and Palaeontology of the San Pablo Formation in Middle California, NE ee Neawer ys acne Ns ate eA oped condattl abe 25¢ Echinoids from the Tertiary of California, by Charles E. Weaver ..............-+- neste LOC é m Echinoids from the Tertiary of California, by R. W. Pack................. ce 10e. ; Paw californicus, a Fossil Peacock from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho Me La Brea, by Loye Tia lme sever ener evene cs rest eee s ce ee ies eal 6 Porat ate ee 25et!s he Skull and Dentition of an Extinct Cat closely allied to Felis atrox Leidy, by e n ©. Merriam ....... Pee ee aa oe ee sie LS Saeko 15¢ nis, a New Avian Genus, from Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller...... 10e currence of Strepsicerine Antelopes in the "Tertiary of Northwestern amma iobnn a. Wiermap se ee eM Re eg ellie a eee 10¢ - oite, Its Paragenesis and Mode of Oceurrence, by George Davis Louderback, taichemical»analyses by. Walter C.. Blasdale..-c..-cs. cc. ciccecscececnceeeecoeceeeentaceneceneaene 75¢ Skull and Dentition of a Primitive Iehthyosaurian from ths Middle Triassic, ls ve ohn (rae terriers een ee eet oe a ot Aan a et 10e alia from Rancho La Brea, by John OC, Merriam ..........---2---2--ce------eeseeees 5e i Mptodant Rodent from the Tertiary of Nevada, by Eustace L. Furlong............ 10¢ esthes jordani, a Primitive Flounder from the Miocene of California, by James ie oh ba Ceol eating, ee SRNR ce bata ee ee Pe EME 15¢e_ obable Tertiary Land Ceancciion between Asia and North A bya se 2 ‘ (eh, TESIO ae, Re ae eee eR or ce ne Ee ee see ik. nt Fauna of the Late mgrtiavy Beds at Virgin Valley and Thousand Greek, ; 9 yg 8 LOSS fees ie eeeceeer ee eee oe ee ee ee 15¢ Py ing Birds from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho La Brea, by Loye ae me INTEND oe ahh Se Se a pec) ear pepe ee Pe 10¢ VOLUME 6. S55 oat pe BY dor-like Vultures of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller... ait, Cee 156 } y Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern ‘ Ne vada, by John C. Merriam. Part I.—Geologie History. .........-.--..-c-ve-cceeceeeeeceoes 50e ey eology of the Sargent Oil Field, by William F. Jomes —...------.csee-sseereeeeenes 25e i litions to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene Deposits at Fossil Lake, Oregon, by i Li BEIIUTETOS MUL V Gt a scree ets os san SON eee dae was MRC ENEC nsec ate ctetndenanacountennceeeep=accctone-swebene 10e of. > Geomorphogeny of the Sierra Nevada Northeast of Lake Tahoe, by John A. Reid 60c on a Gigantic Bear from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by John C. m. Be testion, of Mammalian Remains from Tertiary Beds on the Mohave Desert, by John C. Merriam. AED Gebel "7p SOoy Toner O oie Se ares ee Bee Setar no ort peees: Be pecs Cer ee Peace cee ee 10c Stratigraphic and Faunal Relations of the Martinez Formation to the Chico “Tejon North of Mount Diablo, by Roy E. Dickerson ...........-2--1-2--se0e-eeseees 5e lemanite, a Variety of Colemanite, and Howlite from Lang, Los Angeles Fe, unty, CC ainicinnitemeb yg Aart hres; Myce eee oe, se se aN a aot eobrade 10¢ ew Antelope from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Walter P. Taylor... 5c rtiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern da, by John C. Merriam. Part Il.—Vertebrate Faunas ..............2-.-.---ee+seee- 1.00 s of Eagle Tarsi from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes ‘ op ig at ae I Ae atin OE i Pe Rb ARES an ei aie a ee or Ae ae OE Meee DR 10e pitzbergen a ian, by John C. Merriam. on the and 16h of ee ae John C. Merriam and Harold C. Bryant. 8. Pleistocene Rodents of California, by Louise Kellogg .. See 9. Tapir Remains from Late Cenozoie Beds of the Pacific “Coas Meer ria». cszcch ss due amdesetrnctlen an nerok ed uae cea Uhalpus et oe Ae Ca eo ee sstnetnseneeenan r 10. The Monterey Series in California, by George Davis Louderback ....-......cccssssuccses-sssee 11. Supplementary Notes on Fossil Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl Hugh Beal - ~ 12. Fauna of the Eocene at Marysville Buttes, California, by Roy B. Dickerson ... 13. Notes on Seutella norrisi and Seutaster sider ouel by Robert We Packteisereeas 14. The Skull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, John. C.. Mermarth,, jc... tech al soceseaneshenenccedenusls taese euepine iste ee dae oleae rr tac=peates? 15, The Petrographie Designation of Alluvial Fan Formations, by Andrew C, Lawson... 16, A Peculiar Horn or Antler from the Mohave Miocene of California, by John C. Mer- PUM yon ee ae ee kk a ie Ie ee a is ale eae 17. Nothrotherium and Megalonyx from the Pleistocene of Souther baie by Chester Stodhe ac eect ita cetacean areca ee F 18. Notes on the Canid Genus Tephrocyon, by John ©, Merriam .cscscseccssne seen 19. Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle California, by GC. ‘Merriam, |) )iSe.e a Re es E 20. Recent Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of, the Pleistocene Bone D of Rancho a Brea, by Reginald ©. Stoner .:2.-2222:-2eec-:-corespceasthsensastie apenas 21, Preliminary Report on the Horses of Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam bball 22. New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by son Cm NA ar WH . Avifauna of the Pleistocene Cave Deposits of Seles a , Notes on the Genus Desmostylus of Marsh, by John C. Merriam’ .......... PA . The Elastie-Rebound Theory of Earthquakes, by Harry Fielding Reid .. . Pseudostratification in Santa Barbara County, California, by George va Tic . Physiography and Structure of the Western El Paso Range and the Sout: . Fauna from the Type Locality of the Monterey Series in California, by Brace . New Protohippine Horses from Tertiary Beds on the Western Border of 24, Pleistocene Beds at Manix in the Eastern Mohave Desert Region, by John . The Problem of Aquatic Adaptation in the Carnivora, as Illustrated in the ¢ . Note on the Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, by Roy E. Dickerson Nina . Bird Remains from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, b Lore Holmes . Tertiary Echinoids of the Carrizo Creek Region in the Colorado Desert, ae . Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California, by Roy Ernest Dickerson . Ore Deposition in and near Intrusive Rocks by Meteoric Waters, by ‘Andr California, rh Charles Laurence Baler (.-=../2 nitty eetepeaeeee A Fossil Beaver from the Kettleman Hills, California, by 1 ee. Ke ( VOLUME 7. The Minerals of Tonopah, Nevada, by Arthur S. Bake ccsscsctcscesesens eH ate DBCK ° ose cbenecen ceed cttven tones scindsteabene- amd tase aie abisa battaeich on aoa eat ee Merriam sopegeedeatan Sobapene Ganon a quam weuins «URS ds See DY ieee ae i err ne Neocene Section at Kirker Pass on the North Side of Mount Diabio, ti CVAD cdeccecct bea SEE ck enced date ah ee ie ene a ae ; Ne ese to Avian Palaeontology from the Pacific Coast of Nor meri Loye Holmes Miller ........ wazstnadlgatnndedeiBoneapgndtdeeds tance seh ttns neato en ose. ieee ae a é Nevada, by Charles Laurence Balser 2... -c-cJct-nachen-o lhe a] MMieprivamy aero) a eae clk va donee detail ate: a ae Desert, by John; C. Merriam 22.5... ee BuwWalda «fon 4. de ee eS a eae ology and Evolution of the Sea-Otter, by Walter P. Taylor .)...2..-- VOLUME &. Is the Boulder ‘eceeeenee ee ee ee 19. The Geomorphogeny of the Tehachapi Valley System, by Andrew C. Lawson........... it ‘ VOLUME 5 ee. We 1, Carnivora from the Tertiary Formations of the John Day Region, by ‘Jobn , WMoerriarm™ © 22s eld nha seas a et a a a a ee 2. Some Edentate-like Remains from the Maseall Beds of Oregon, by William : Sinclair. gd 3. Fossil Mollusea from the John Day and Mascall Beds of Oregon, by Robert E. Stearns. Nos. 2. an@S)in OMe C0 Versio kanes ep ebee nena Poe 4, New Cestraciont Teeth from the West American Triassic, by Edna M. Wen 5. Preliminary Note on a New Marine Reptile from the Middle Triassic of N by John ©, Merriam.............---.-c.-ccecscecessessecsenesseneestesnneneqescredeeeensnentnenentnanecseecaanennen a ~ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 9, pp. 219-242, 4 text-figures Issued October 3, 1914 ORE DEPOSITION IN AND NEAR INTRUSIVE ROCKS BY METEORIC WATERS BY ANDREW C. LAWSON CONTENTS PAGE TISAI EOS COR OS Pe er oe RE PE 219 Wann dere m\78 CVG CL SI ae. ccccceecceccezceectectsscsseserececececteccsscccacecesctsceece sees sdeccesccsesecescieccecescaces 222 The Circulation of Ground-Water ............22.....2----22.c2ss-2ceeeeeceeeeeceeee ee ceeeeteeeeeeeeees 222 Lateral Movement of the Circulation ...........02222.222.220222:22:eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeses 226 Deposition of Ores in Inclusions and Salients -.....20......2...2..22222202220e1ceeeeeee eee 227 ely claro Gre wry al AVG a CU seca eacc ca toese once sec cecescevccccecce ececcs duce Vesey ebeesssecesd-geesecssoeeseeceasscees 229 Thermal and Reactionary Metamorphism ......0000.2.0022.eeeeeeeeeee eect eee 229 VEST TOY OPES) CO er On SY 1g keel ee ete RP ee a 230 PASSO ctlationieot Onesewathy HaSSUTes | eset. secte cere eee sees cece ee conn ereee ene seeces ae 230 DV SCoaN OS OL EAS. (OPED SCH 1 ae a aaa 231 Paragenesis of Tourmaline and Ore ©..........2..22.2..2122222scceceeeceeeeeceeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeees 231 Laceoliths and Batholiths in Relation to Ore Deposition ~.......0..22......2..22..222----- 232 Synehimalastructume and Ore Weposut von festa c sce cece cnc ceee cee once cteoeeeee ce eceeeeere 233 DEORE Yc Pea CE Ce 233 BUM MAIN ae csee ts occseeenceae-es Bee peewee Sena cee ee tae a ee soe EA PT sac ha Mahe sicc cede 233 Lil yg ate Re ea Ie tee EE asp pou Bese adenine nocd ex. 235 TES USL © e petmeersr eee Sete ee cece eS. cee cee eee ae cea eee eee 236 Heb OSIM OT OM Cig ool see aes eae Sane neice aos See ate ten 2. eee Mer ere rdse use She NER eee 239 CONTE SEEN es I Pe EN EC Spd FO 240 Effect of Intrusion upon Ground-Water ..............2.22.:2::cccc-cceeceeeeeeeeeeeceneeceeeeeeeeeeee 240 Magmatie Water in Early Stages of Intrusion ........2.22.220.22.eeeeeeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 241 FS) ONES BAS) NYG EN eI Po Re 241 INTRODUCTION In a recent number of Economic Geology’ Professor Lindgren has done me the honor to interpret my views on ore deposition and to dissent from them. His paper is a denial of two hypotheses which occupy the field of criticism in current discussions on the origin of 1 Vol. 9, no. 38, April, 1914. 220 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 ore deposits, and an advocacy of a third. This hypothesis, so ably championed by my distinguished critic, has become the favorite of most recent writers on the subject, whether they describe particular occurrences or discuss the general question. It invokes juvenile or magmatic waters, emanating directly from molten magmas, as the agency whereby ores have been deposited in or near intrusive masses. In the literature of the day almost every deposit of ore that is found to be in any way connected with igneous rocks is triumphantly explained as an exemplification of the operation of this process. So general has been the acceptance of the hypothesis that it has acquired a curious air of finality. It seems to have escaped the ordeal of criticism to which every scientific hypothesis should be subjected, not only by the skeptics but also by those who believe in its probable truth. The hypothesis is today being taught as a doctrine in texts and in lectures to the students of geology throughout the United States with as much certainty and as little question as was the doctrine of the metamorphic origin of the Archean granites thirty years ago. Many of its advocates appear to be more concerned with securing its general acceptance by the coming generation of geologists than with sifting out the evidence upon which it is based; the special pleading of the lawyer has been substituted for the dispassionate consideration of the adverse evidence as well as the favorable—for the weighing of counter- hypotheses which is the essence of scientific method. In itself the . notion that magmatic waters deposit ores is fascinating and plausible, and the fact that so many eminent writers have been captivated by it is, of course, indicative of its strength as compared with other hypotheses that may be suggested to explain the same phenomena. Should it after discussion and criticism become a scientifically estab- lished theory to the exclusion of other hypotheses, it will undoubtedly rank high among the achievements of geological science; and those who eriticise it in its formative stage will have contributed not less to its establishment than those who advocate its acceptance without criticism. But the fact that an hypothesis is fascinating and plausible, that there is much to be said in its favor, and particularly that eminent geologists teach it, does not make it a scientifically established theory. Skepticism must perform its function and exhaust itself before that comes to pass. Competitive hypotheses must be exploited. To close our eyes to them is to sacrifice our intellectual integrity. To dogmati- cally deny them is to substitute for the method of science that of the ehurch. 1914] Lawson: Ore Deposition by Meteoric Waters 221 In my review of Types of Ore Deposits? IT advanced one alternative hypothesis which seems to be capable of explaining many ore deposits in and about intrusive masses. I said: ‘ 4 and the ‘‘general testimony,’’ but I fail to see that it proves anything scientifically. I have great respect for the gentlemen who hold this prevailing opinion, but I can have no great respect for the hypothesis which it embodies until the alternative one of meteoric waters is negatived somewhat more definitely than by Professor Kemp’s method of quoting opinions. KNOPF’S CRITICISM Paragenesis of Tourmaline and Ore.—In a recent paper?’ I pointed out that the commonly accepted view, which refers the deposition of the copper ores at Butte to magmatic waters, is not the only possible explanation of their origin. If the quartz monzonite of Butte be regarded as a laccolith resting on a floor of sedimentary rocks, which have sagged below it in synelinal fashion, then the deposition of the ores may be ascribed to the ascent of meteoric waters through fissures traversing the hot mass. These waters would pass through and leach the zone of magmatic sulfids at the base of the laccolith and deposit the salts of the metals thus obtained at higher and cooler levels. Dr. A. Knopf has recently reviewed** this paper in a most kindly and appreciative spirit. I accept his correction that there is evidence of a certain amount of doming of the roof, though this is so slight that it still leaves us under the necessity of recognizing a sag of the floor to accommodate the intrusive mass. Dr. Knopf intimates that I have not given due weight to his argument in favor of magmatic waters based on the paragenesis of tourmaline and ore, taken in connection with the concentration of the former in the aplitic magma. I may also admit this charge without blushing, but after further reflection I am still not satisfied that the argument is entirely convincing. It may be conceded from Knopf’s observations and those of Ward and Granigg which he cites that the tourmaline is a concentration product in the residual magma. But is it not possible that after consolidation such concentrations of tourmaline may, in a laceolith which has been broken by faults, be open to the attack of superheated steam rising from below, and so be taken into solution again together with salts of the metals obtained by attack upon the earlier precipitated sulphids? If the sulphids remained residual with the constituents of the tourma- "21 Is the Boulder batholith a laceolith?, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 8, no. 1, 1914. 28 Heonomie Geology, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 396-402. Bae University of California Publications in Geology [ Vou. 8 line and the waters escaped directly into fissures carrying both sulfids and tourmaline, I should expect to find besides the veins some rather remarkable tourmaliniferous dykes rich in sulfids following similar fissures. I am free to admit, however, that the evidence adduced by Knopt has more weight than most of that which is urged in favor of the hypothesis of magmatie waters. LACCOLITHS AND BATHOLITHS IN RELATION TO ORE DEPOSITION Leaving now the more controversial side of this question I desire to call attention to some general facts that must be taken into account before it can be brought to a settlement. In my experience, contact deposits of ores are not characteristic of the margins of those larger bodies of granitic rocks which have broad contact zones of crystalline schists and which may be regarded as batholiths. I am not as familiar as I should like to be with the smaller laccohithic intrusions of the southwest and Mexico, which Mr. Lindgren suggests [ should study, but I have examined some of them and I have spent the field seasons of several years on the great batholiths of the Archean of Canada, and have been particularly interested in their contact phenomena. I have also given some attention to the great Sierran batholith. Those who have focused their attention upon the intrusives of the southwest and Mexico doubtless come to regard them as of the first order of magnitude. But this is far from being the ease. They are not in the same class with the vast intrusives of the Archean, and it is very doubtful if any of them are real batholiths. Now if granitic magmas should per se give off ore-bearing solutions and be in that sense responsible for ore deposition on their contacts we might reasonably expect that the larger manifestations of this process would occur on the margins of the great batholiths. This expectation is not realized in fact and I am, therefore, forced to believe that the develop- ment of ore bodies in contact zones is not a characteristic of batholiths, but only of those minor intrusions which are transgressively injected into the earth’s crust in the form of laccoliths, sills, ete., and which are doubtless offshoots from the more profound magmas. When such injection takes place sufficiently near the surface to be within the zone of sedimentary rocks, charged as they are with water, there must of necessity be a profound disturbance of the ground-water in the vicinity of the intruded mass and it is thus easy to understand the immediate and genetic connection of ore deposits with intrusive phenomena. 1914] Lawson: Ore Deposition by Meteoric Waters 239 The batholiths, on the other hand, are probably developed at such great depths as to be always below the sedimentary zone, although with their growth they may rise through it. With the upward advance of a growing batholith the water contained in the overlying sediments would gradually in part be driven off and in part be incorporated in the crystals (mica, ete.,) formed by the thermal metamorphism, but it would never have an opportunity of leaching the granite or its deep differentiate of magmatic sulfids. On the hypothesis of meteoric waters as the agency concerned in the deposition of contact ores we have, therefore, a consistent and satisfactory explanation of the absence of such ores on the margins of the great batholths and their presence in and about the periphery of the minor laccolithic bodies. SYNCLINAL STRUCTURE AND ORE DEPOSITION Butte—But such contact ores are not characteristic of all lae- eolithic intrusions. Certain structural conditions appear to obtain in several of the more important instances of copper deposits which have been referred to magmatic waters. I have elsewhere’ called attention to the synelinal structure of the region in which the so-called - Boulder ‘‘batholith’’ les and pointed out that it is probably a laccolith resting upon a concave floor of sedimentary rocks. Knopf in his recent review gives partial support to this view. He says :°° “«To the northwest, however, the prolongation of the intrusive coincides with a well-developed synclinal structure in the sedimentary rocks. The contact here, as elsewhere, is of a transgressive nature, but it is not impossible that at greater depths the sedimentary rocks pass beneath the granite and constitute a syn¢linal basement upon which it rests. ... It may be conceded nevertheless that as a working hypothesis, the conception advanced by Professor Lawson is entitled to much weight, perhaps to as much weight as the batholithic hypothesis. ’’ The recognition of the probable synclinal encasement of the Boulder intrusive led me to review the structural conditions at other well- known localities where copper ores have been ascribed to magmatic waters. I have found that at Bingham, Ely, Bisbee, Clifton-Morenci, and probably at Cananea, the intrusive with which the ores are genetically associated in every case invades a syncline. Bingham.—Keith and Boutwell have given us an excellent account*! of the general relations of the ore deposits of the Bingham Mining 29 Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 8, no. 1, 1914. 30 Op. cit., p. 397. 31 Keonomie Geology of the Bingham Mining District, Utah, U. S. G. S. Pro- fessional Paper no. 38, 1905. 234 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 District to the monzonite laccolith in which, or close to which, they occur, A great body of sediments consisting chiefly of quartzite and sandstone, separated by several formations of limestone and _ shale, has been folded into an open syncline and invaded by a comparatively small laecolith of monzonite acompanied by sills and other apophyses. The sedimentary rocks, known as the Bingham quartzite, have an exposed thickness of about 10,000 feet and are referred to the Upper Carboniferous; but neither the bottom nor top is known. The axis of \ | | | | ||| | | || TET LL | | li) | - HELLY | 3 | rane “ 1 Wi | eH | a | + : + ¢ at Tht + + co ie fl) | rit + +, + att . | BEN [SSH NG ee | ieee Don pee pa arenes LTTE ttt eft eet i ey te +t ee KAT] 3 cre cTop poten f fl + + ~ + + | +7+ Bingham Limestone Monzonite quartzite formations — laccolith Fig. 2. Sketch, after Keith and Boutwell, showing the relation of the in- trusive monzonite to the syncline of the Bingham quartzite. the syncline pitches to the northwest and the laccolith hes to the southwest of it, having been injected into the lower part of the sedi- mentary series. The general structural relations are shown in the accompanying diagram, figure 2, adapted from the geological map which accompanies Keith’s and Boutwell’s papers as plate 1. In form the laceolith is irregular and large parts of the roof have sunk into it, appearing now at the erosional surface as inclusions. It is not known whether the synecline was developed before, or after, or at the time of the intrusion. The metamorphism of the rocks enecasing the laccolith is manifested chiefly as marmorization and silicification of the limestone and silicification of the quartzite. The ore deposits fall into three classes : 1914] Lawson: Ore Deposition by Meteoric Waters 235 1. Disseminated pyrite and chaleopyrite in the monzonite. 2. Replacements of limestone by pyrite and chaleopyrite roughly parallel to the bedding at various horizons of the limestone formations. 3. Argentiferous galena in fissures traversing all the rocks of the district, both sedimentary and intrusive. It is obvious that these deposits are genetically related to the injection of the laccolith. Boutwell thinks all three classes of ores were deposited by waters escaping from the magma. In regard to the first class, however, Keith is of the opinion that the disseminated sulfids are of pyrogenie origin; and he is not clear as to the source of sulfids in the two other classes. He says: ‘‘Tt is not clear whether the sulfid material in the mineralized bodies was derived from the monzonite or came through it in solution from some more remote source. If the solutions merely pass through, however, a general deposi- tion throughout the mass of the monzonite would be less likely than local concen- trations such as appear in the limestone and quartzite. Far the greater part of the sulfid material is disseminated through the monzonite in grains, and was erystallized direetly from the magma, like the other minerals. The amount of the sulfids in the monzonite as a whole is vastly greater than that in the sedi- ments, and the monzonite is on the whole a source of the sulfids. . . . It seems, therefore, most likely that the sulfid minerals in the limestones and quartzites were derived from the larger quantity of their kind which formed part of the intrusive mass and that they were deposited by solutions that passed from the monzonite to the enclosing strata.’’ Since he thus regards the sulfids of the monzonite as pyrogenie and the source of the other ores, the latter must have been derived by a process of leaching. Although I agree with Keith as to the probable truth of the view above expressed, it is not so much my purpose to pit him against Boutwell in order to minimize the force of the latter’s conclusions as to the agency of magmatic waters as it is to point out that the structural conditions support Keith’s general interpretation. The Bingham laccolith doubtless rests upon a floor of sedimentary rocks and these dip down beneath it, so that both the water contained in the underlying sediments and that which would flow from the limbs of the syneline to make good any withdrawal, would tend to rise through the mass of the hot laccolith when the latter after consolida- tion became shattered and faulted by shrinkage; and these waters, as Keith holds, would find an abundant supply of material for peripheral deposits in the pyrogenic sulfids. Ely.—The copper deposits of Ely are chiefly in the form of sec- ondary chalcocite disseminated through a decomposed and sheared 236 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 porphyry. The chaleocite has probably been deposited as a result of the migratory descent of salts of copper from the gossan of an ore body, now removed by erosion, in accordance with the principle of diffusion.*? The extent of these secondary deposits testifies to the magnitude of the original deposit from which they were derived. In my paper on these deposits I showed that ‘‘The dominant feature of the Paleozoic rocks is a broad syneline, the axis of which runs nearly north and south, through the Ruth mine, and pitches northerly at a considerable angle.** I also called attention to the laccolithie character of the porphyry and its relation to the syncline. “«The porphyry belt lies transverse to a well-marked northerly pitching syn- cline of the Ruth limestone. On the south side of the porphyry belt different stratigraphic horizons of the Ruth limestone abut upon it and the plane of contact does not conform to the planes of stratification but in general appears to dip under the porphyry. On the north side of the belt, the Ruth limestone overlies the porphyry, dipping away from it but again meeting it at different stratigraphic horizons. It is evident from this relationship not only that the porphyry is intrusive in the Ruth limestone, but also that the intrusion occurred subsequent to the establishment of the synclinal structure. ’’34 These general relations are shown in the diagram, figure 3. Here again we have an important deposit of copper ore genetically con- nected with a laccolithic intrusion traversing a well-defined syncline ; and again the presumption is that the water contained in the strata below the laccolith and that which would flow to the same region from the hmbs of the syneline would tend to rise on the border of the intrusion or through it after solidification, by any conduits that might be supphed either by the intrusive act or by subsequent shrinkage. Why should such waters be denied the function of dissolution under the influence of high temperature and of deposition at cooler levels? Bisbee.—At Bisbee we have another instance of copper ores asso- ciated with a small ‘‘stock’’ intrusive into a well-defined faulted svneline, the general and detailed relations of which are well known through the work of Ransome.*® With apologies to the latter I take liberty of reproducing in diagrammatic form (fig. 4) a portion of 32 See Bull. M. and M. Soe. Am., no. 23, May, 1910, pp. 263, 264; Penrose, R. A. F., Jv., Certain phases of superficial diffusion of ore deposits, Econ. Geol., vol. 9, no. 1, 1914; Lawson, A. C., Diffusion of ore deposits, Mining and Scientific Press, July 4, 1914, p. 20. 33 The copper deposits of the Robinson Mining District, Nevada, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 4, no. 14, 1906, p. 297. 84 Op cit., p. 313. 85 Ransome, F. L., The geology and ore deposits of the Bisbee quadrangle, Arizona, U. 8. G. 8. Professional Paper no. 21, 1904. Also the Bisbee folio, 1904. 1914] Lawson: Ore Deposition by Meteoric Waters 237 ll ea ES y v L AOb oA WZ wy" Nevada White- Ely lime- Arcturus Ruth Ore por- Monzonite limestone pine stone limestone lime- phyry and shale stone blout Fig. 3. Sketch showing the relation of the porphyry intrusive at Ely to the synclinally folded Paleozoic strata. ELIOT LE EOS LININGS \ ‘ A AS. yay IR RAIL LIRA II. IIIS ISSSSSSS NN CAL LSA A AIDA AAA ALD es \ WAPDS SaNENE NEN ON AS NOET Se, RARARAAAN AAA, Oy, LL VIL III x vawre S oy ae Y INVA NONE XN (o} (oxo me) << ~ Y Y | dS Ay, RAG ya er A , Is yay» ‘, exe) OO NN Y yn N Pose o) wewowe’ AK \ ZA SS ALKA Se ISS “ aN No YW. Pre-Cam- Cambrian brian \\Billll Devonian Missis- Pennsyl- Granite sippian vanian porphyry Cretaceous Fig. 4. Sketch, after Ransome, showing the relation of the intrusive por- phyry at Bisbee to the syneclinally folded Paleozoie strata. 238 University of California Publications in Geology [ Vou. 8 his Bisbee special map, simplified so as to bring out the essential structural features. As this is without doubt one of the important localities in the southwest which Professor Lindgren kindly advised me to study, I may say that I am not unfamiliar with it, and that I agree with my distinguished critic as to the value of the suggestion and instruction which it affords, particularly, of course, in the light of Ransome’s studies. Here an open syneline of Paleozoic strata has been faulted down against the pre-Cambrian by the Dividend fault. A “‘stock’’ of granite porphyry has invaded the country following a portion of the fault fissure and displacing both Paleozoic and_pre- Cambrian rocks. The strata of the syneline abut upon the fault and stock. The copper ores occur in the Paleozoic strata, principally in Mississippian limestone in the vicinity of the stock and fault. Their genetic relation to the intrusive body is unquestioned. Yet Ransome does not find any very convincing evidence of their deposition by magmatic waters. IJ call Professor Lindgren’s attention to the follow- ing passages from the Bisbee monograph : ““Phe objection to regarding the metamorphism and mineralization as an ordinary case of contact action is twofold. The stock itself has been thoroughly altered and mineralized and could not have originally supplied from its own mass the large quantities of magnesia and sulfid of iron and other constituents introduced into the adjacent limestones. The greater part at least of the mineralization must have taken place after the porphyry had solidified. It is probable, although perhaps not in this case susceptible of definite proof, that the mineralization and metamorphism were affected by heated aqueous solutions. ‘“Tt is pertinent at this point to recall the general geological structure of the rocks in which the ores occur. The limestones have already been described as forming part of a syncline. They dip toward the Dividend fault and toward the porphyry mass of Sacramento Hill. The inclination of the beds is such that any waters sinking into the limestones through a radius of 7000 or 8000 feet from the summit of Sacramento Hill and within an are of nearly 90°, measured southwesterly from the Dividend fault, would, if they moved along the concave surfaces of the various beds, find their way downward to the Dividend fault and to the contact with the porphyry stock. Water moving along the lower beds, say at the base of the Abrigo limestone, would reach the Dividend fault and the porphyry at a depth of over 1000 feet below the deepest ore bodies now known. It would then tend either to rise, by hydrostatic pressure along the Dividend fault and the contact with porphyry, or it would tend to sink deeper into the earth along these structures. Whether it would follow either or both of these courses would depend upon the adjustment of a number of factors, such as hydrostatic head, volume of flow, relative size of channels, and difference of temperature. If the porphyry mass still retained a part of its original heat of intrusion, the waters would have some of this heat imparted to them and tend to rise. If in addition, solutions, presumably heated, were rising from depths below the bottom of the Paleozoic syncline through the Dividend fault 1914] Lawson: Ore Deposition by Meteoric Waters 239 and along the contact of the porphyry and limestone, then there would be a mingling of the solutions and localized chemical activity in the vicinity of the fault and porphyry.’ ’86 Not a word about magmatic waters! And yet a most typical occurrence of contact ores in the instructive southwest. Ransome’s argument in favor of recognizing the rédle that may be played by meteoric waters in a synelinal trough abutting upon a hot intrusive mass is admirably set forth, but only as a possibility. To me it is a result which flows inevitably from the simple premises of structure, the recognition of ground-water and the hot mass. Clifton-Morenci.—In the Clifton-Morenci district, so well deseribed by Lindgren,** the dominant structural features are due to intrusion and faulting rather than to folding. The sedimentary series consists of quartzite, hmestones, and shales ranging from the Cambrian to the Cretaceous resting on an eroded surface of granite. Both granite and sedimentary strata have been invaded by a mass of granite porphyry. The chief areas of sedimentary rocks and the porphyry occupy a sunken tract between two granite buttresses. In this sunken territory hes the principal ore-bearing ground. “The two principal granite areas, Coronado and Copper King Mountains, occupy positions of resistant buttresses between which the fractured sediments have settled. In the porphyry stock there are undoubtedly many faults which have not been recognized. ‘‘The fault planes divide the sediments into blocks of varying extent and shape; these are nearly always monoclinal and have gentle dips prevailing to the west and north, rarely to the south and east; they average about 12°, while dips of more than 30° are very seldom encountered.’ ’38 This sunken tract would afford the most favorable conditions for the convergence of meteoric waters upon the central porphyry mass. Near Morenci the strata are syneclinally sagged and the syncline is cut off by the porphyry.*® The ore is partly in the metamorphic contact zone of the sedimentary strata and partly in fissures both in the adjacent porphyry and also in the sediments. Where these fissures cut the limestone the walls are altered in a manner analogous to the contact metamorphism. 36 Op. cit., pp. 152, 158. 37 Op. cit. 38 Op. cit., p. 89. 89 Op. cit., pl. I, sect. D-D. 240 University of Califorma Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 Cananea.—At Cananea, Emmons’ maps‘? show that the Capote basin is a faulted syncline, the Cambrian quartzite and limestone dipping down toward the Eliza fault. This fault which is estimated to have a throw of 1000 feet is, according to Emmons and Lee,* later than the formation of the ores. Emmons ascribed the ores chiefly to magmatic waters emanating from the diorite porphyry which he sup- posed intrusive. Lee**? has since shown that the diorite porphyry is an extrusive rock of the nature of a tuff ‘‘and as such could not have produced contact metamorphism.’’ He therefore considers the ores have been formed by magmatic waters escaping from the Eliza quartz-monzonite-porphyry. If we assume that the latter rock is intrusive, then, before the development of the Eliza fault, the Cam- brian strata must on their dip have abutted upon the porphyry; and the conditions here also would have been favorable for the convergence of the meteoric waters upon the hot intruded mass and for circulation upward on its margin. This constant association in the instances cited of contact porphyry copper ores with synelinal or trough structure can scarcely be fortuitous. If not fortuitous it is the expression of a law governing ore deposition at the contact of intrusive masses. What that law is, students of economic geology will do well to ponder before dogmatizing too positively upon the sole efficacy of magmatic waters. EFFECT OF INTRUSION ON GROUND-WATER Another general circumstance to which the attention of the advocates of the hypothesis of magmatic waters is directed is that they ignore the ground-water. Now no scientific hypothesis is satisfactory that fails to take account of important facts bearing upon the problem in hand. How does Mr. Lindgren and his school dispose of the ground- water? Do they deny its existence? Professor J. F. Kemp seems inclined to deny its existence or at least greatly to minimize its amount below very moderate depths.** But his argument is not convincing. Many of the facts recited in his paper tend to prove the opposite of his general contention; and the apparent dryness of shales, granites or other rocks of minute pore space has but little 40 Emmons, S. F., Cananea Mining District of Sonora, Mexico, Economic Geology, vol. 5, no. 4, 1910. 41 Lee, M. L., A Bey Cea study met the Eliza Mine, Sonora, Mexico, Economie Geology, vol. ee no. , 1912. 42 Op. cit. 43 Kemp, James F., The ground waters, Trans. A. I. M. E., February, 1913. 1914] Lawson: Ore Deposition by Meteoric Waters 241 bearing on the question. It is fairly certain that the lower limit of connate waters is the lower lmit of unaltered sedimentary rocks; and that may safely be stated to be several miles. The lower limit of meteoric waters in strong rocks is the lower lmit of the zone of fracture for such rocks, and that also is several miles. If the exist- ence of the ground-water is not denied, and few will follow Kemp in his efforts in this direction, what happens to it when an intrusive mass invades a sedimentary series dipping toward the intrusion? Does it remain passive, inert? Does it get heated? If so, granted the circulation which I have already discussed, does it have activity as a chemical agent? These are some of the questions which Mr. Lindgren must answer before he can claim that his view of the matter is a scientifically established theory. MAGMATIC WATER IN EARLY STAGES OF INTRUSION Another question which I should like to have answered arises particularly from Dr. Knopf’s argument for magmatie deposition, but is also pertinent to many other deposits from alleged magmatic waters occupying fissures in the intrusive itself. What becomes of the magmatic waters and their ore content that escaped in the early stages of intrusion? If in the later stages of cooling, after the main mass has solidified, after it has been invaded by later intrusions, aplite, porphyry, ete., and there is only a residual magma left, rich in tourmaliniferous ‘ ‘olobules of the differentiate from which the ore solutions were derived,.’’ there is an escape of water through the overlying solid igneous rock into its cover, how much more abundant must have been the escape of the waters when the whole mass was molten! And where are the ores that correspond to this copious escape of water? Why should the escape of the ore-bearing solutions be delayed to the last stages of cooling as Barrell states and as Knopf implies? Further, in this connection, are the pyrogenic ores a late differentiate or an early differentiate of the cooling magma? SPURR’S VIEWS Spurr’s theory of ore deposition at Matehuala is of interest in the present discussion. He holds :** ‘e . . that contact metamorphism began after the intrusive rock had become is 8 consolidated, so as to permit of extensive fracture, though under great pressure; that along these fractures the metamorphosing solutions rose from below, and 44 Eeonomic Geology, vol. 7, no. 5, 1912, p. 485. 242 Unwersity of California Publications in Geology [ Vou. 8 attacked and replaced intruded and intrusive rock alike; that this process of contact metamorphism, or the deposition of lime-silicates, continued for a very long time with definite stages indicating changes in the metamorphosing solu- tions. This much is established beyond question. “In this case, then, the common conception that contact metamorphism, or the formation of lime-silicates, is due to the effect of solutions pressed out and expelled from the immediately adjacent intrusive rock into the wall rock at the time of its consolidation, is regarded as an elementary one, not corresponding to the facts. In the course of a considerable field experience with these deposits, moreover, the writer has seen none where this conception seemed to apply. Much less is this the case with the metallic minerals associated with these lime- silicate deposits. ’’ Here we have a conclusion directly contradictory of that of Lindgren in which he refers to the contact metamorphic deposits of the Clifton- oe Morenci district as ‘‘contemporaneous with the cooling and solidifica- tion of the porphyry.’’ Now if the view which Spurr expresses is correct, and it is sub- stantiated by a great many observations, the hypothesis of magmatic waters becomes far-fetched and difficult of acceptance. It throws us back for the source of the solutions upon a residual differentiate far in the depths, as Spurr holds. It fails to account for the restraint of the magmatic waters till this residual stage is arrived at. It assumes great depths for small intrusions which were probably injected from narrow vents. And it fails to explain the peripheral disposition of the ores deposited from the waters thus rising from a presumably central residual reservoir. In short, while Spurr’s obser- vational data appear to be sound, his speculation as to the relation of the mineralizing solutions to magma differentiation are not very convincing. The sequence of deposition in accordance with the law of falling temperatures would hold as well for meteoric waters deriy- ing their heat from the magma as for waters escaping from the magma. The success of his hypothesis, like others that depend upon magmatic waters, presupposes a reasonable disposal of the alternative possibility of meteoric waters. Transmitted September 1, 1914. aleite, by Arthur 8. ae 10¢ Notes on Gus Species ‘Ofs) ®! Beery ry viongds and Insects of California, by one Grinnell dine: ae OS 13. Notes on the Osteology of the Thalattosaurian Genus Nectosaurus, by John CG. Tha Zs mee aR TIRE RSE ORE Re RS eth, Oe a Oe DIR ie ageing 10c¢ otes on Some California Minerals, oy pavethuy: Ss: Walilex 6. 22a cee ae “15e otes on a Collection of Fossil Mammals from Virgin Valley, Nevada, by James OLN ay TBR STAG TI Bigg ea SP So nee Rig OE — 10e 16 Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of the San Pablo Formation in Middle California, ‘ oh LEDS) SID AWWA dae ea cere en ORS , it RO ee aie ae OG) New Echinoids from the Tertiary of California, by Charles E. Weaver i Notes on Echinoids from the Tertiary of California, by be Wetack: sok ee eae 10¢ Pavo ealifornicus, a Fossil Peacock from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho | Baeeeeceamby Love. Holmes Miller: 4). 22t. ie a 5e | 20. The Skull and Dentition of an ene Cat closely allied to Felis atrox Leidy, by 1a ; Berra Ore Mierric nie ies =) oe we ee en oe ea a an a eae oe 15¢ Teratornis, a New Avian Genus, from Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller...... 10 The -Oceurrence of Strepsicerine Antelopes in the Tertiary of Nettie = ~ Nevada, eyed Ohne eNlerrig mm. sts. pes eis eo Bate ey Oe, a Deeg 10¢ ee Benitoite, Its Paragenesis and Mode of Occurrence, by George Davis Tapnderbaeks : with chemical analyses by Walter C. BlasGale........-.-..---.--ss:2scocccsccsscssccecssnesnesstensneee 75¢ The Skull and Dentition of a Primitive Ichthyosaurian from the Middle Triassie, oly, U@I Ag Che 0 yet a1 ae eae A ae eS ee cee nee a : oe 10¢ few Mammalia from Rancho La Brea, by John C. Morridn oie oS Sahn ae SOL An Aplodont Rodent from the Tertiary of Nevada, by Eustace L. Helene re Bilin Evesthes jordani, a Primitive Flounder from the Miocene of California, by James __ Sinoreeten ts wp emime weet eek. Serj, Pee ts ee ee. ee 15¢ The Probable Tertiary Land Connection between Asia and North America, by _ (GST inc Leal Sale a Rc Oa SY ne AS eR a 10e Rodent Fauna of the Late Tertiary Beds at Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek, , 7 Sav aig) Rg ML BTD 7 2 Se) SN Fy UR es A ne eee Er ee 15¢ 0 Wading Birds from the Quaternary jes capes Beds of Rancho La Brea, by Loye ex Raeee ies JAS 2g ae ee alee = SP ace eee en aaah ae ay 10e < ¢ ef VOLUME 6. Sagem the ( iondor. like Vultures of Rancho La Brea, by Loye oles Maer 2, --n ieee 156 _ Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern = Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part I.—@eologie History............-....:.--.scscssetc-steecens . The Geology of the Sargent Oil Field, by William F. Jones Additions to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene Deposits at Fossil Lake, Oregon, by RM Caio NET yon, coe ae tee Ba OE De SE Sect Pinan and oncpnaelt WO om tage ee 10¢ The Geomorphogeny of the Sierra Nevada Northeast of Lake Tahoe, by John A. Reid 60c Note on a Gigantic Bear from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by John C. _ Merriam. 2 ue A Collection of Mammalian Remains from ‘Tertiary Beds on the Mohave Desert, ~~ by John C. Merriam. eee NONy Guand Tein One COVCT ye tcc I eee eee ac bea death oae carctee ac tnart stun baenen Mieatehe 10c 8 ‘The Stratigraphic and Faunal Relations of the Martinez Formation to the Chico ' : and Tejon North of Mount Diablo, by Roy E. Dickerson ... .........2-...2....2:2-0-0-----= 5e 9. Neocolemanite, a Variety of Colemanite, and. Howlite from Lang, Ties Angeles Pounty, Caitormia iby. ~Amrbhur SieWa Klee. 2 Nee sete ccs cutee sSenas-ecligns Pacastentercaeete 10¢ _A New Antelope from the Pleistocene'of Rancho La Brea, by Walter P. Taylor.... 5¢e we “Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley-and Thousand Creek in Northwestern Se _ Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part II.—Vertebrate Faunas ...........0..2-.2::21ecse- 1.00 Bane’: A Series of Eagle Tarsi from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by\Loye Holmes ; WTI SG 5 A aes ats dae 2 Oak pe. ok at NEE ee er rig a _10e Notes on the Relationships c of the Marine Saurian Fauna Described from the Triassic of Spitzbergen by Wiman, by John C. Merriam. 4, Notes on the Dentition of Omphalosaurus, by John C. Merriam and Harold C. Bryant. Nos. 13 and | UME TING itis) TE, WO Se ne ne cal OU . 150 California, by Charles Laurence Baker -.....2----ec-ee----- he Te 16. Avifauna of the Pleistocene Cave Deposits of California, by Loye Ho i 17. A Fossil Beaver from the Kettleman Hills, California, by Louise Kellogg . on 18. Notes on the Genus Desmoéstylus of Marsh, by John C. Merriam .. : 12.00 “1 Oe to bo ro . Notes on the Lalor Cenozoic Hiern of the Mol . The Elastic- ee prd Mud of Earthquakes, by Harry Fielding R . The Minerals of Tonopah, Nevada, by. Arthur S."Bakle i. eee . Recent Discoveries of Carnivora in the Pleistocene of maadie iz Brea, by John . The Neocene Section at Kirker Pass on the North Side of Mount Diablo, by Bruce . Physiography and Structure of the Western El Paso Eanes and the Southern Sierra . Fauna from the Type Loeality of the Monterey Series in California, by Bruce Martin. . Pleistocene Rodents of California, by Louise Kellogg. ..,.........-2..-:.:sce-ssesscnesseeeeenseeenens . The Monterey Series in California, by George Davis Louderback .........2..-seecc-sscsesee . Supplementary Notes on Fossil Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl Hugh Beal .. . Fauna of the Eocene at Marysville Buttes, California, by Roy E. Dickerson .........._ . Notes on Seutella norrisi and Seutaster audersaun by Robert w. Pack .....-.-..2..... . The Skull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by . The Petrographic Designation of Alluvial Fan Formations, by Andrew C. Lawson... ¥ie . A Peenliar Horn or Antler from the Mohave Miocene of California, by John C. Mer- . Nothrotherium and Megalonyx from the Pleistocene of Southern Califa . Notes on the Canid Genus Tephrocyon, by John C. Merriam ....0.2...2.-c22----cedeceeeesneeceene . Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle Galitannsey by John . Recent Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of the Pleistocene Bone Deposits . Preliminary Report on the Horses of Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam .......... . New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by John ay . New Protohippine Horses from Tertiary Beds on the Western Border of the Mohave . Pleistocene Beds at Manix in the Hastern. Mohave Desert Region, by John P prs Z. 5. The\Problem of Aquatic Adaptation in the Carnivora, as Illustrated in the Oste- GF Ue BOD «aces ee oceh nates gee conescoena nae cient ee fee re ee ee | . Note on the Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, by Roy E. Dickerson .......-....---.-- . Teeth of a Cestraciont Shark from the Upper Triassie of Northern California, by . Bird Remains from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, by Loye Holmes Miller. . Tertiary Hchinoids of the Carrizo Creek Region in the Colorado Desert, by we . Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California, by Roy Ernest Dickerson ... . Deseriptions of New Species of Fossil Mollusca from the Later Marine Neocene - The Fernando Group near Newhall, California, by Walter A. English. . Ore Deposition in and near Intrusive Rocks by Meteorie Waters, by Andrew 3 i Rc & aT pe wey shea, flak Ni nd oe VOLUME 7. Pseudostratification in Santa Barbara County>California, by eo eg ‘Da | 21 C) als ee ae Ben eoP BNE DEB: Mia pere eh ae escent eer eer esas bee See Merriam ......... N saci dsettSaceatntitn 2a phe! pv deunnebanethnavab einen tne saat ay Helter ial oR pe ae ae er Dy CaP) oicece cence AEE eee ee wedeanptee Seip sines Set nas eEp Rpm EME UeD ee oe hee ee 5 ee Contributions to Avian Palaeontology from ie Pacific Coast of North “Amerien, by Troy e Elolimies! Mir Wea ee ooo dee oe ela oc neiecteene ee een eee ee ‘ Nevada, by Charles Laurence Baker 22 iic 25. (20pe <2 o2_cleene ace opeeeee tenner Tapir Remains from Late Cenozoic Beds of the Pacific Coast Region, by John C. DWC PTAMD 5 2) ns stare = ak cameo ntcnanennn pe ev naNe Rae dar or one re ee ae ae Pie ae 8 cnene Job CO? Merriam 25. 23 anal Scent le eae pe ee QDI oon Rao oem arin Ee Rae ace rine ete neem abie aenalp wane «anne cmatamandnseeeh ees peas ose ee Saaee nlite a. ne. Chester (SiG G ee eres eeene crates enna zn dB ace orn n oer ee eee ee eee pace eae ee ot ©. MCPri a oo cece esd ee ence ae ines dice nse eeeee one eee ae eee oe Bene ae pan of Rancho La Brea, by Reginald C. Stomer 2-2. oso ee tpee 2. a id DMO TTAI | nots wagon cto nnnceee dean ecu den ep ewsninndntinisn ent ciivemi abe ea rr Desert, by Jobin (C, Merrit aioe y one ceeantcyecnen tones Seasanteancenteoete eeree- oes ee er PB UWA) thc focicnstsccrenes tase local adangont yatinnOBavonceaea-nesoe shee ana any eee ee ea ology and Evolution of the Sea-Otter, by Walter P. Taylor .......--.------scceceecc-e-eues ae , VOLUME 8. . Is the Boulder ‘‘Batholith’’ a Laccolith? A Problem in Ore-Genesis, by Andrew (4 Plarotd-C, Bry amb oie eae ie nentesneenec eons betel ee gee S.W. Kew fiitnc eee Sk Se Bae ee cee eee ee California, by Brace Martin: 1....2-265-5 pact te E eee ae ee Merwe OM bse i ek re Bi 2 ee ey ee mi _ Issued November 13, 1914 ‘CALIFORNIA TERTIARY an oe : be ‘ ei BY - WALTER A. ENGLISH : I P UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY > eations of learned societies and institutions, universities and libraries. plete all the publications of the University will be sent upon request. For sample copies publications and other information, address the Manager of the University Press, Be California, U. S. A. All matter sent in exchange should be addressed to The E Department, University Tadley Berkeley, California, U. S. A. acology aud Ethnology, Classical Philology, aeology and Ethnology, Agricultu Heonomies, Education, History, Modern Botany, Geology, Mathematics, Philology, Philosophy, Psychology. __ Physiology, Zoology, and Memoirs. Geology.—Anprew C. Lawson and Joun C. Merxtam, Editors. Price per volume, | . The Geology of the Upper Region of tha Main Walker Binds Nevada, by il . Preptoceras, a New Ungulate from the Samwel Cave, California, by Eustace L, . A New Sabre-tooth from California, by John OC, Merriam . The Structure and Genvsis of the Comstock Lode, by John A. Reid... 2. cc EE | . The Differential ‘Thermal Conductivities of Certain Schists, by Paul Thelen.......... a” . Sketch of the Geology of Mineral King, California, by A. Knopf and P. Thelen... - Cold Water Belt Along the West Coast of the United States, by Ruliff S. Holwayj . The Copper Deposits of the Robinson Mining District, Nevada, by Andrew . The Geomorphic Features of the Middle Kern, by Andrew ©, Laweor..,...2 aces . . Notes on the Foothill Copper Belt of the Sierra Nevada, by A. Knopf. ty . An Alteration of Coast Range Serpentine, by A. ais. . Carnivora from the Tertiary Formations of the Joha Day Region, by Jaina . Fossil Mollusea from the John Day aad Maseall Beds of Oregon, by Robert E. . Preliminary Note on a New Marine Reptile pen the Middle Triassic of Ne Norg.—'he University of California Publications are offered in exchar Orto Harrass swig R. FRIEDLAENDER & Some Lgipzie BERLIN Agent for the series in Ainerican Arch- Agent for the series in Ameri Volumes I (pp. 435), JI (pp. 450), IIT (pp. 475), IV (pp. 462), V (pp. 448), VI (pp. 454), and VIT-(pp. 500), completed. Vol. VIII in progress. Cited as Univ. Calif. Publ, Bull. Dept. Geol. Volume 1, 1893-1896,"435 pp., with 18 plates; price...) ee Volume 2, 1896-1902, 450 pp., with 17 plates and 1 map, price Volume 3, 1992-1904, 482 pp., with 51 plates, price Seren ewe eae tee ene e nee eens ne nene ane wneeem —- A list of the titles in volumes 1, 2 and 3 will be sent upon request. VOLUME 4. siya Smith oo ene awnwerene eas mennanaduasass sacnenenuns dausevers: em scceneees ccs canes senanesnasesenssearesjesaeadececaasaranse=nenasacenecneneel Arr reneteen ho acenermmenaccnenareresan: mawennssans- + ses en neon aenamennanenanrees secans saeress nance secunwonesenseccsshsencuenue 3 Geological Section of hg Coast ae, North of the Bay of San Francisco, by ae al Vac. Osmont | Manne seen len ssc eemennace nes ces snenen paeeree sans sness se sasseemntaenes renenesecensencdanes cececouessuntnwepenceesuwenese™ oo once e tener atone ces cene scar desesunesemecns! Be ae New Mammelia from lee Quarternary Caves of California, by William J. Sinclair PMA OWE i oedea onde ht les pp eee onan enna r tase Auctegan i! AMER eae a, ee a rr if ennn vena ae TUB WROD cede seecdenodrines- [ht Bethe eek eave de) Ae ea Oe, Oe poe dy, I. Contribution to the Classification of the Ampbiboles. II. On Some Glaucophane Schists, Syenites, ete., by G. Murgoci.... anole ee Nos. 17 jand 18 in one cover.. eee i . The Geomorphogeny of the Tehachapi ‘Valley System, by “Andrew e ‘Lawson ies VOLUME 5. IP has) (1 ee ee OO ie cL eae ene Kemnay SN Ae A : Some Edentate-like Remains from the Mascall Beds of Oregon, by William Je Sinclair. j Stearns. , Nos, 2 and 8 in one’ edver. 2 ee ee ee Fei New Cestraciont Teeth from the West American ‘Triassie, by Edna M. Wempl by John ©; Merriam. .0. 0... Gece ly ee Te eg Peeee ct 2 RYE oe UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 10, pp. 243-256, pls. 24-25 Issued November 13, 1914 THE AGASOMA-LIKE GASTROPODS OF THE CALIFORNIA TERTIARY BY WALTER A. ENGLISH CONTENTS PAGE Introduction —.......... Soe a ee 243 Mab emote Geolo oie VR ang CSi a. see. es seac sean eeee ees. occ eececeu csr steeocisc sets. I= se ee aN oe EE eee ee 10e Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of the San Pablo Formation in Middle California, INP THEO Se Bit, IVVOAN, OF irs cet. cack naozaecns ceatnansue-n an. okceespaeenece ptttve-sne-i Phe secuetcnpeneaseesenen det deetacs 256° . New Echinoids from the Tertiary of California, by Charles E. Weaver ..............-------- 5e Notes on Echinoids from the Tertiary of California, iyackt. oWesepae lk 4.020.820, seteesece 10¢ . Pavo ealifornicus, a Fossil Peaeock from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho ; La Brea, by Loye TSU OUT Ss IN Ell ekc Ace Saeco aie Hee oi ae 5e 20, The Skull and Dentition of an Extinct Cat closely allied to Felis atrox Leidy, by SLUG ea a ms ee 15¢ “Teratornis, a New Avian Genus, from Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Millec...... 10¢ 2, The Oceurrence of Strepsicerine Antelopes in the Tertiary of Northwestern Bemremmeticr my dol ©, Menriamie eo cca, ee Qed inet eee cnndbec cle beccnceceedeeceed 10¢ Benitoite, Its Paragenesis and Mode of Occurrence, by George Davis Louderback, paroechemical analyses by Walter C.: Blasdale.._..u.c2i....._. ce eckeesseeeece eens lee beceeoncee 75¢ . The Skull and Dentition of a Primitive Ichthyosaurian from the Middle gees) Bebe Ore NMernictm: ec ee he Se as 10e “New Mammalia from Rancho La Brea, by John OC. Merriam ...........2.......221-220-2s000e---" 5e An Aplodont Rodent from the Tertiary of Nevada, by Eustace L. Furlong............ 10e ‘Evesthes jordani, a Primitive Flounder from the Miocene of California, by James os play BUS AGU Sp Re Ae es Bee SE ae a oR 15e “The Probable Tertiary. Land Connection between Asia and North America, by TRIO ID IE Se Soe Ecc cea Sno Ran oe ea ee er 10e ‘Rodent Fauna of the Late Tertiary Beds at Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek, Rn emrreme ye GUISC, KiCllO ge ee nee roca cence e ceerte neceecseennsaercecesnsennededcanennsconeanese 15e (0. Wading Birds from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Semerrolmies® Miller 2.1.5.0.) tooo tect e ae ee 5 eet aie PE nee 10¢ : VOLUME 6. The Condor-like Vultures of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller....................-.. 156 ertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part I—Geologie History......-....---..------------e 50e The Geology of the Sargent Oil Field, by William F. Jones ..........02------12----eeeeeee 25¢ . Additions to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene Deposits at Fossil Lake, Oregon, by sr FET @ 1 fans ON BIG SE oe oe eer cA eee 10c 5. The Geomorphogeny of the Sierra Nevada Northeast of Lake Tahoe, by John A. Reid 60e Note on a Gigantic Bear from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam. A Collection of Mammalian Remains from Tertiary Beds on the Mohave Desert, by John C. Merriam. . Sensi Goure rT Cheer et ITO NT AC OV Ole an osc ann cto tenes Seta ra soeebaste tana cepat hi ccgsu ete dnaansetecteveectscssteanee 10e The Stratigraphic and Haunal Relations of the Martinez Formation to the Chico and Tejon North of Mount Diablo, by Roy E. Dickerson .... ......-..-..2-.--eeetece 5e Neocolemanite, a Variety of Colemanite, and Howlite from Lang, Los Angeles Pie aiitonmtar by Arthur \S. Hak] ej. 2-022) 25 52 2eee one ack anes eee ecetteaecence--coedeen-cate 10¢ A New Antelope from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Walter PE Aeiylor 2.) apc Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part Il.—Vertebrate Faunas ...........-..-...-..:00ce-t--0-+ 1.00 2. A Series of Eagle Tarsi from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes a asda MR DRE SS eaten GRE Sea ee RR 10c | . Notes on the Relationships of the Marine Saurian Fauna Described from the pase of Spitzbergen by Wiman, by John C. Merriam. otes on the Dentition of Omphalosaurus, by John C, Merriam and Harold C. ieranth SNOB) is, ANIC. 114 TN ONC COVET «2-2. 22.-v0g-sueensnedeatneensnvbeneveecten SO Fe ee 150 Om NO 10. 5. Notes on the later Cenozoi’ [eee of 44 meaers D . Avifauna of the Pleistocene (Yave Deposits of California, b . Notes on the Genus Desmosty!us of Marsh, by John C. M . The Elastic-Retound Theory 4 Harthquakes, by Harry Fielding "Reid . Pseudostratification in Santa Barbara County, California, by George Davis | . Recent Discoveries of Gamivor in the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by ¢ . The Neocene Section at Kirker Pass on the North Side of Mount Diabio, by . Contributions to Avian Palaeontology from the Pacifie Coast of North America, 1 by . Physiography and Structure of the Western El Paso Range and the Sperberaz . Fauna from the Type Locality of the Monterey Series in California, by Bruce. . Pleistocene Rodents of Californis\| by Louise Kellogg .. DERE EU pe! . The Monterey Series in California| by George Davis Louderback ........secscses-: . Supplementary Notes on Fossil Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl Hugh E . Fauna of the Hocene at Marysville Buttes, California, by Roy BE. Diekerson ee . Notes on Seutella norrisi and Seutaster andanigne by Robert W. Pach —nc--se--cecsees, | The Skull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Bree, by i . The Petrographic Designation of Alluvial Fan Formations, by Andrew C. Laws . A Peculiar Horn or Antier from the Mohave Miocene of, California, by John CG. . Nothrotherium and Megalonyx from the Pleistocene of Southern California, . Notes on the Canid Genus Tephroevon, by John C. Merriam ...022.c.ccaeecesene aos eae . Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle California, by d . Recent Observations on the Moce of Accumulation. of the Pleistocene Bon . Preliminary Report on the Horiies of Raucho La Brea, by John C. Merriam .. ee . New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by John 3. New Protohippine Horses from ‘Tertiary Beds on the Western Border of the M . Pleistocene Beds at Manix in the Eastern Mohave Desert Region, by John - . The Problem of Aquatic Adaptation in the Carnivora, as Illustrated in the Os . Is the Boulder ‘‘Batholith’’ a Laccolith? A Problem in Ore-Genesis, by . Note on the Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, by Roy EH. Dickerson . . Bird Remains from the Picistocene of San Pedro, California, by Loye Holmes . Tertiary Echinoids of the Carrizo Creek Region in the Colorado Desert, by Wil California, by Charles Laurence Baker .....-........ A Fossil Beaver from the Reitleman Hills, California, by Lonise Ke VOLUME 7. The Minerals of Tonopah, Nev: Jaa by Arthur! 8. Halkle __.54)0 2 eee ¥ WAG cesccnenee-Lendbccebercbsenenenanesnsenest,)iseemmrsatecodaneasdiiegass Biase) cud teen tate ee ea Cr rie once lias ck ee mcwasetnccon eos fe wneauhamamaln tie tome betaine ex eis es Li, Clark cecccccccece teenie die sect etease etl ba cece gnc lee laity a eee eases a oe oe ae Loye Holmes ‘Miller’ 2c tc. c2- |, ccc. es soeamaneateeveahienos= > 70lins Unde s et ee Lee eS Nevada, by Charles Laurence Baker s..s2 ia. ...--nsceeacosbiesaueaveen ane ee Tapir Remains from Late Conoroit Beds of the Pacifie Coast. ‘Region, “by John ¢ | Me ryria in | 22.-3..2.2-dste son nnsennccactvanoe faves poce cnano copia ue taiinan est «6 tea ss> sie a a ree 2 Jolin’ Cl) MGrriar 2. cet: cone nse Lib LAs ee rebita sess gece pee ace hn ee ee THAT pon dicsedpbednncoden abt enace weidags sob sese,p Poieailaewastieats dither sundae oe ee aa A Chester Stoek ....... ‘iannnbaeensake cape uicun) sa deetinabeebeecpeeeDea lS Gah oe otact ane a FED Civuts) (1 heh nnn i eine ee innerie Sheen, eames, Co UUM TP) fe of Rancho Lia Brea, by Reginald C. Stoner ......2.7.... 5) 22 2a re MCP anes 2 cence ctcinedeeens dnnyahslemndnpeanace snctine epadeddanaies-quptcls op a eee ae ae Desert, by John C. Merriam’ oc... ecsntecssesccatessescnteo nace beypia abl naeneeheeleee eee Bu waldla, © 2$.-oe2ccc le. cnn bensnce dp beecst edad week soci Sp aes A ology and Evolution of the Sea-Otter, by Walter P. Taylor -.... cco RN! VOLUME 8. Cia OB ac 23- eh pe ea bong hee eae eR Teeth of a Cestraciont, Shark from the Upper Triassic of Northern Califo: Harold G."Bryamt -.,.0::}... ic 2d enh Onl Ree ee RC et ea ‘oped Re Ws; OW: ins od ise vce ad) saeco cine ee er ne OR an ar Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California, by Roy Ernest Dickerson Descriptions of New Species of Fossil Mollusca from the Later Marine } California, by Bruce Martin 040 Ce ee er di The Fernando Group near Newhall, California, by Walter nw haplioh Laws Deposition in and near Intrusive Rocks by Meteoric Waters, by A PU VSOUL, een no cor prams te peken pu nas opm tapaoeee deat bad sie Binenlinls ian ee pen ene 3.5 ioe ITY OF € YRNIA PUBLICATIONS — * - ex Be} BULLETIN oF THE DEPARTMENT OF — Be, Ala" GEOLOGY © aa 11, pp. 257-274, pls. 26-28 "Issued December 22, 1914 , MARTINEZ AND TEJON EOCENE AND e SOCIATED FORMATIONS OF THE ig ae 2S Bhcrsi 4 Bx 72" =. ROY E. DICKERSON < as = = ee — “ s ma a Ng ~ : » es rg y ; Ne Ss y " S| 2 ( * ene e 3 ne S s J \ x / “ es es L ‘ 5" we *“/ Md} e ie ‘ Fee “oo S ¥ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Rae ia): 5, BERKELEY Bt Nes. h Rie? & ~ > FG, 4h: if 1 a he ( : : ho Me UNIVERSITY OF on BLIC Nors.—The University of California Publications are offered in eations of learned societies and institutions, universities and ibearios t all the publications of the University will be sent upon request. For sample publications and other information, address the Manager of the University - California, U. S. A. Ali matter sent in exchange should be addressed to Department, University Library, Berkeley, California, U. S. A. Otto HarrassowiTz R. FRIgDLAENDER & LEIPZIG BERLIN Agent for the series in American Arch- Agent for tke series in / aeology and Ethnology, Classical Philology, _ aeology and Ethnology, ICL Economics, Education, History, Modern Botany, Geology, Mathatbie Philology, Philosophy, Psychology. Physiology, Zoology, and Mem Geology.—ANnpDREW C. Lawson and JoHN C. MzRRIAM, Editors. Price per vol Volumes I (pp. 435), IT (pp. 450), III (pp. 475), IV (pp. 462), V (pp. VI (pp. 454), and VII (pp. 500), completed. Vol. VIII in progress. Cited as Univ, Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. uA Volume 1, 1893-1896, 433 pp., with 18 plates, price ..-.-..cc.ccdeccnusecenenoceneee Volume 2, 1896-1902, 450 pp., with 17 plates and 1 map, price ........... Volume 3, 1902-1904, 482 pp., with 51 plates, price -.-.-.2..---snesseescnsssonescese=n A list of the titles in volumes 1, 2 and 3 will be sent upon request. VOLUME 4, 1. = Geology of the Upper Region of the Main Walker River, Nevada, by Dwight SMO booed scccce ccegeeeoneccosen sonmns giuecucredtectecesenenstestone ctl pies pile ccs eee is et elie er . A Primitive Ichthyosaurian Limb from the Middle Triassie of Nevada, by John Ce Merrie ascetics ces cntcodemnbionn Setestar a -devnaad see ocieve fH (ee ete eae . Geological Section of the Coast ners North of the Bay of San Francisco, iy Vv. C. Osmont . New or Imperfectly Known Rodents and Ungulates from the John Day Series, by oh William VJ. Sime day oon es sectecbe creme bane een= se ome pre ste eteeenet = one eae - New Mammalia from the Quarternary Caves of California, by William . Preptoceras, a New Ungulate from the Samwel Cave, California, by aid L. 2 3 4, : 5. Contribution to the Palate of the Martinen Group, by Charles E. "Weav 6 7 8 MeV Yo sees ie eee aw ake teaatnnlna pe nectar he sidan a aetna) aS eR a 9. A New Sabre-tooth from California, by John C, Merriam ......... 10. The Structure and Genesis of the Comstoek Lode, by John A+ Reid chan wl aan 11. The Differential Thermal Conductivities of Certain Schists, by Paul Thelen sen ee 3 12. Sketch of the Geology of Mineral King, California, by A. Knopf and P, Thelea 13. Cold Water Belt Along the West. Coast of the United Statés, by Ruliff S. Holway — 14, The Copper Deposits of the Robinson Mining Distriet, Nevada, by Andrew oP TEAWWSOD, 6.-.-2qaboeccencatecesnynserovdqaceobeectl tacdnedeasel ons coh llrire, ces. 0: ee er ony 15. I. Contribution to the Classification of the Amphiboles. II. On Some Glaueophane Schists, Syenites, ete, by G. Murgoci 16, The Geomorphic Features ef the Middle Kern, by Andrew C. Lawson........ 17. Notes on the Foothill Copper Belt of the Sierra Nevada, by A. eras 18. An Alteration cf Coast Range Serpentine, by A. Knopf. ME Nos. 17 and 18) in ome COVEN 222i ti ie sett bese hogane with chemical analyses by Walter C. Blasdale..... so... stiecteceeeeeeeceecceeeeteeeecteeeesece 75¢ The Skull and Dentition of a Primitive Iehthyosaurian from the Middle Triassic, emeeeroNerriann re ore ee ee 10¢ few Mammalia from Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam .............2.2.-2:---2-1-eeeeeeeeoee 5e _ Aplodont Rodent from the Tertiary of Nevada. by Eustace L. Furlong 10e esthes jordani, a Primitive Flounder from the Miocene of California, by James Zaechaeus (GIRTIN 0} (eae pee BREE FERIA EO EEE 2 15¢ e Probable Tertiary Land Connection between Asia and North America, by oi fe ci REE, 2858 GU ea pe nie an Oe ome tS .10e Rodent Fauna of the Late Tertiary Beds at Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek, era ey IU OULSC SCC MOOG? fe siscn. scc~ the ache ee eset rena cca cnnen nnn tp abe ae aatcntecenannceccacenpentnenta 15¢ ding Birds from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho La Brea, by Loye : CPU G Tah 8) MUDD Gai as eo cece A Rc oe rt ce eC ENS 10e VOLUME 6. The Condor-like Padtures of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller.................------- 156 Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern : Nevada, by John ©. Merriam. Part I-—Geologic History.............--:.-.-c--csceccsesce-sese- 50e 3. The Geology of the Sargent Oil Field, by William F. Jones ............-.-2...1--:--ccessesties0s- 25e 4, Additions to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene Deposits at Fossil Lake, Oregon, by ay) TEES) WEISEL I Ce a I Be Seen ea aE ee era Seer ee ee 10¢ 5. The Geomorphogeny of the Sierra Nevada Northeast of Lake Tahoe, by John A. Reid 60e Note on a Gigantic Bear from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by John ©. g Merriam. iY. A Collection of Mammalian Remains from Tertiary Beds on the Mohave Desert, _ by John C. Merriam. . Beigemorande ian ote Covers. 6 A eecm re) 2 Ceeei ney mee eas Talk Le da 10¢ The Stratigraphic and Maunal Relations of the Martinez Formation to the Chico ~ and Tejon North of Mount Diablo, by Roy E. Dickerson ..............-..---.1.----ee-coes 5e. g Neocolemanite, a Variety of Colemanite, and Howlite from Lang, Los Angeles 3 County, California, by Arthur S. ile NGM We aCe rae ch heen 10c New Antelope from the Pleistocene of Rancho: La Brea, by Walter P. Taylor... 5¢ ertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part [L—Vertebrate Paumas -.sssssssssecsecsseeseccteeee 1.00 A a of Eagle Tarsi from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes CUES lect, DEP IA eeRRIR Ae MOR ne PRR Br 8 D0 lS EN P e PEPE 10e of Spitzbergen by Wiman, by John C. Merriam. Notes on the Dentition of, Omphalosaurus, by John C. Merriam and Harold C, Bryant. Bose sani cel 4aaz OTE (COV Ct ea dee ant en RE 5 lee ence cece te ean 5. Notes on the Later Cenozoic History of the Mohave Desert Region in Southeastern California, fengee etn les! Ianinon COs AICO massed, oa. sabia, wack canececeee net su raetocaseannhecton cuaantt a naaeeete .vifauna of the Pleistocene Cave Deposits of California, by Loye Holmes Miller .. ossil Beaver from the Kettleman Hills, California, by Louise Kellogg otes on the Genus Desmostylus of Marsh, byadiohnuy@. Merriam) .22.:-2: eee e Elastic-Rebound sh of Earthquakes, by Harry Fielding Reid 4 » he ~ “.¥ Si > 3. 3. Notes on the Relationships of the Marine Saurian Fauna Described from the Triassic 2. Pseudostratification i Santa Barbara Gpunty, California, by Goreariy | oF:% 6 pe ee |e) pee Pere Oe ae MR Do da Be 8. Recent Discoveries of Carnivora in the | leistacenprat Rancho La Brea, J DMPA LLL 2. 0 sa anceiea nee petatas eae amet oe as tone a ea pepe 4, The Neocene Section at Kirker Pass on|the North Side of Mount Dia Wey CVA AS oe discecied Rp tdenaten cunchs mes oneapitanne tte edeecnce Deeks got nad tee ed 5. Contributions to Atha Palaeontology f; the Pacifie Coast of North J r Loyé Holmes Miley 0.02 ..k 6 beets ieledeciecedidiel poise ae er et ee , 6. Physiography and Structure of the Western El Paso Range and the Southern § Nevada, by Charles Laurence Balken| 2.2. caro-s-ancceeenscetneee enn 7. Fauna from the Type Locality of the Monterey Series in California, by Bruce M atin 8. Pleistocene Rodents of California, by ILouise Kellogg uo ceeceseteenene s 9. Tapir Remains from Late Cenozoic Beds of the Pacifie Coast Region, by AVES gic ts Ieee ey aa aR Em AMEND GUI ME) Ty wR Ems fee 10. The Monterey Series in California, by George Davis Louderback 2... ee 11, Supplementary Notes on Fossil Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl Hugh Be ; 12, Fauna of the Eocene at Marysville Buites, California, by Roy E. Dickerson = 13. Notes on Seutella norrisi and Scutaster bildercont by Robert W. Pack 2023 14. The Skull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea FoMm C. Merviara \. 12.202. ssctee ten ensbhseeeee on depebelepre len aean teas oe a i 15. The Petrographic Designation of Alluvial #an Formations, by Andrew C. Laws 16, A Peculiar Horn or Autier from the Mohave Miocene of California, by John C. 1, The Minerals of ia 8 Nevada, by A bear 8. zy vil sata Vat 0 Chester Swoeker oo. s.csca.cpoeeemeeeniensae: decd esac tn emtn elgstcid Rae he ee er es 18, Notes on the Canid Genus Tephrocyon, by John C. Merriam ...- i. eceseenteeenee 19. Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle California by J Ce NEORYIAR ee neces wc eceptewsneo concn de onckbdcnee bstildtidarinretungiian bene oh cc Ene er fee 20, Recent Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of the Pleistocene Bone mike of Rancho La Brea, by Reginald C. Stoner’ ....../.2)2-.2 hee 21. Preliminary Report on the Horses of Rancho La Brea, by John G. Merriam .... woe 8 22. New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by John ©. DMROTEIA DY afer cknnidiedecnsenroncoanamun qesaveppmaevobuotumsende vasa! tunities Jeu hsGlsit ot a ear aw 23. New Protohippine Horses from ‘l'ertiary Beds on the Western Border of the Mebave7a , ylam wen bnadn chs cenhdaner sapiens uasemens Asses Dems wabninvb’y melen nin sabe o's kis = i sod 1 2 : re 2 Se ; ? % “rd a ea i ra 2 J te ‘ 4 a 4 5 j ss UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Rae BERKELEY ~ aeolosy and Ethnology, Classical Philology, aeology and Ethnology, Economics, Education, History, Modern Botany, Geology, Mathemation Pat! } Philology, Philosophy, Psychology. Physiology, Zoology, and Memoirs, a. Nore.—The University of Qalifornia Publications are offered in exchange eations of learned societies and institutions, universities and libraries. Co: all the publications of the University will be sent upon request. For sample ¢ publications and other information, address the Manager of the University Pres California, U. S. A. All matter sent in exchange should be addressed to The Department, University Library, Berkeley, California, U.S. A. . UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS Otto HarRASSOWITZ j ; R. FRIEDLAENDER & Sonn ‘ LEIPZIG BERLIN ; Agent for the series in American Arch- | Agent for tlhe series in American J Geology.—Anprew C. Lawson and JoHN~C. MERRIAM, Editors. Price per volume, $3.2 oo “10H on . The Geology of the Upper Region of the Main Walker River, Nevada, by Dwight . Areas of the California Neocene, by Vance C. OsSmont.....-2.s.s--c..ececenceen-ncedennreeceenesseneeen . Contribution to the Palaeontology of the Martinez Group, by Charles B. Weaver . New or Imperfectly Known Rodents and Ungulates from the John Day Series, yy . The Geomorphic Features of the Middle Kern, by Andrew! C. Lawson... cesses . Notes on the Foothill Copper Belt of the Sierra Nevada, by’ A. Knopf, . An Alteration of Coast Range Serpentine, by A. Knopf. | . Carnivora from the Tertiary Formations of the John Day Region, by John C. . Some Edentate-like Remains from the Mascall Beds of Oregon, by William. Ne . New Cestraciont Teeth from the West American Triassic, by Edna M, W . Preliminary Note on a New Marine Reptile from the Middle Triassic of . Notes on Lawsonite, Columbite, Beryl, Barite, and Caleite, by Arthur S. e . The Fossil Fishes of California, with Supplementary Notes on Other ~~. . Fish Remains from the Mating, Lower Triassi¢ of Aspen Ridge, Idaho, by Mal Volumes I (pp. 435), IT (pp. 450), III (pp. 475), IV (pp. 462), V (pp. 448), VI (pp. 454), and VII (pp. 500), completed. Vol. VIII in progress. Cited as Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Volume 1, 1893-1896, 435 pp.; with 18 plates, price, 2.00) eee Volume 2, 1896-1902, 450 pp., with 17 plates and 1 map, PTiCe -.....cccccscncercocaenees 3.0 Volume 3, 1902-1904, 482 pp., with 51 plates, price -......s...:ssscess-seseseesesesereeeuesseen wien A list of the titles in volumes 1, 2 and 3 will be sent upon request. ee VOLUME 4, WIM Samat ron. scoecl cen ccebiges pectehe cnewcia enn ceddeupicuyobiecectic sve deonesh ia eee ace ee . A Primitive Ichthyosaurian Limb from the Middle Triassic of Nevada, by John Oe Merriam |... .sncene ddnes cabvdeen endenoncneonconcccdnoustbcsuelaandcansebnpansehteee a: en . Geological Section of the Coast Ranges North of the Bay of San Francisco, by — © VW. G. OSM nt 22... eccces pec npep erate Inonastpdianapeod detwebsinpennn cians caadue tee stata eae eae i William J. Simclaia 2022.22 a. nne-ecceeesctegecece denne conus reas cnn eae ee . New Mammalia from the Quarternary Caves of California, by William J. Sinclair 25¢ . Preptoceras, a New Ungulate from the Samwel Cave, Cal alifornia, by Eustace L. BPUTTOM nna ence cwigage cnc cee eee gene rdensntnen apethebooniacen ames maphdnen der eEnee Peon eee er . A New Sabre-tooth from California, by John C. Merriam ........2...22--...cscne . The Structure and Genesis of the Comstock Lode, by John A. Reid at 3 . The Differentia! Thermal Conductivities of Certain Schists, by Paul Thelen.......... . 26¢ . Sketch of the Geology of Mineral King, California, by A. Knopf and P. Thelen... . Cold Water Belt Along the West.Coast of the United States, by Ruliff 8. ew . The Copper Deposits of the Robinson Mining District, Nevada, by Andrew Vichy 2 is Rigimenp 0a ee wtncay ek ean BS) TOADS ee pepe nae acetal |sa=veosadtahennan-ae eee a I, Contribution to the Classification of the AmpHtboles. | taal II. On Some Glaucophane Schists, Syenites, ete., by G. Margoei wanes Paes potatoe aoe Nos. 17 and U8 im ONC COVET...22- 22. ---cencce-ecendese--2erenecnehe ned fencnnce de aeeea===s aaa ease . The Geomorphogeny of the Tehachapi Valley System, by Andrew C. Lawson............ A .VOLUME 3 : MGT eke halbeiceet becewcececene snp nnnncicucnapeuet antnct danke sus eutdy aed Wedueslpncny eta ae tese eee ee eet aa Sinclair. . Fossil Mollusea from the Joha Day and Mascall Beds of Oregon, by Robert E. C. Stearns, : “4 Nos, 2 and. 8 if ONG) COV CT ....225-c0g geen anes qohewanngussenesehg ene ae demenaegenenanea ee iia omen by John CO, Merriame.....n.....n.---ncescnostencenennsesnpetedensctecedsnesesanesnnpiusensases= annesessEsenessaene aes extinct Fishes, by David Starr Jordan Goddard (i802 enc ee ee eee se ceconnseeceensseeecnnassescnnnuneenennnaseannnnecentennnstees a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 12, pp. 275-281 Issued December 10, 1914 THE OCCURRENCE OF TERTIARY MAMMALTAN REMAINS IN NORTHEASTERN NEVADA BY JOHN C. MERRIAM CONTENTS TEE PCOXG EY OTTEO e e 275 (QO TAPES OEY: ee SP OS 275 Composition and Relationships of the Fauna .................2..22.2.2221c1seeceeceeeeeeeeeeeee 276 WD eSCmipclONMOtM MW ACOLial | oof: cc sc.ceccccetessgaqcetusssaselazsetecascdsesansass2-e aes pte “ Tapir Remains from Late Cenozoic Beds of the Pacific Coast Region, by John a Meri ies. cacerenncncoe-caapeanciose ie vans ence usenet Ree ee ae eit eS ee oa ena The Monterey Series in California, by George Davis Louderback ............ ; John C. Merriam © -22..22. 22 cep nace soseete en Sasa ea sd THUAN 1...20ncecsenndudacndsbatatoiecrcsenaeUwesunascunellaWe anbiacgrane eek ores ape cies sea eae tle aa ae 5 rx from the Pleistocene of Southern. California, Chester Stoke oii sci pecan fgeeeeedece-nenncnpnesheeeseaesnem Peas Ranee what (on=trte eae ©. Merriam): ic. 210 lca tie oe a OE aes fas ORC eg ae : of Rancho La Brea, by Reginald ©; 'Stomer --..-ceseet-seu--ceoresntaees ee ee NE GTTIAM ooo. ooo onnenncaremagnates teed Ace neneneden sees: asada achat Rates Heke ee Desert, by Jobn C.c Merriam 22.2. cess. cciceses:scth ap tle peonege -o acca Die Aah 2g. cadres cpeed atone eaemnewucnwnnct Sen Soe ene oe eee ae ology and Evolution of the Sea-Otter, by Walter P. Taylor .. amg eee Index in press. VOLUME 8. COTE WOD, a. oo nanesseninpunnasSvevenvosienaniannsondennes sine t= sochicoeoe scene yee eee ‘Teeth of a Cestraciont Shark from the Upper Triassic of Northern California, Harold C. Bryait 22incciacesnnnrecsesasnaefSacniegpanoss aude aiiascnnoncgey gist ciiaesenetne nea Be Wie GW, see snanansnsasnnsvegyonn sensveneen stn uennurtah Lene Issued February 25, 1915 at fr (BEMAINS OF LAND MAMMALS FROM _ MARINE TERTIARY BEDS IN THE _- TEJON HILLS, CALIFORNIA hie Me oS aa Jie - : 2 te: eee . by BY: i eee. . i; =" JOHN €. MERRIAM : aloes <2 ua = 5 ee s agh : = ae: Phial UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS ly a BERKELEY | versity PI Pibicieoes: and other iiafatmap ition, address California, U. S. A. All matter sent in Department, University Library, Rerectya: Otro HAaRRASSOWITZ LEIPZIG . R. Parsi Aaen: m as BERLIN © eh 's Agent for the series in American Arch- _ Agent for the series in Amer ut aeology and Ethnology, Classical Philology, aeology and Ethnology, Agricultural s ; Heonomics, Education, History, Modern Botany, Geology, Mathematics, holo, Philology, Philosophy, Psychology. Physiology, Zoology, and @'Memoirn Geology.— ANDREW C. Lawson and JonHn C. Murriam, Editors. Price per volume, 3. a Volumes I (pp. 435), II (pp. 450), IIL (pp. 475), IV (pp. 462), V (PP. 448), * VI (pp. 454), and VII (pp. 504), completed. Vol. VIII in progress. 7, P Cited as Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. ee Volume 1, 1893-1896, 435 pp., with 18 plates, price oiceorneps inane ere Volume 2, 1896-1902, 450 pp., with 17 plates and 1 map, price .... ‘ Volume 3, 1902-1904, 482 pp., with 51 plates, price A list of the titles in volumes 1, 2 and 3 will be sent upon request. VOLUME 4. | 1, Sek Geology of the Upper Region of the Main Walker River, Nevada, by Dwight POLED, 2.-n.senserarsnseoninnnennadtnapdsbacuescestiptosnd: Heese abel cee se en rr . A Primitive Ichthyosaurian Limb from the Middle Triassic: of Nevada, by oan CARP U5 5 3:1: eae Monee nen URE epee - Geological Section of the Coast Ranges North of the Bay of San Francisco, oy ee. Osmout teow ne eenerenaneneenennnuennenn| roe New Mammalia from the Quarternary Cores of f Gaiitoghaa, by William J. Sinela . Preptoceras, a New Ungulate from the Samvwel Caves California, by Eustace L. 231 3 (05 .: a een ee nn RE nme EME NRRL Ls tO eT 9.-A New Sabre-tooth from California, by John C. Merriam ......... : 10, The Structure and Genesis of the Comstock Lode, by John A. Reid. 11. The Differential Thermal Conductivities of Certain \chists, by Paul 12. Sketch of the Geology of Mineral King, California, by A. Knopf and P. Thelen... 13. Cold Water Belt Along the West Coast of the United States, by Ruliff 8. Holw 3 14, The Copper Deposits of the Robinson Mining District, Nevada, by Andrew : TAA WROD) o2nso-ceceetscensnte avteosensnnvenucuncnartensnsisvnsdnotaivonessaticnesi haz late ieee ea a rrr 15. I. Contribution to the Classifieation of the Amphiboles. : » IZ. On Some Glaucophane Schists, Syenites, ete., by G. Murgoci...........-.c.0--- 16. The Geomorphic Features of the Middle Kern, by Andrew C. Lawso 17. Notes on the Foothill Copper Belt of the Sierra Nevada, by A. Knopf. 18. An Alteration of Coast Range Serpentine, by A. Knopf. Nos. 17 and 18 in one COVER oases ae an ih weasel, aoe : 19. The Geomorphogeny of the Tehachapi Valley System, by Andrew C. Lawson... Ht VOLUME 5 a 1. Carnivora from the Tertiary Formations of the John Day Region, by John C. — Mie rr ian) nccn-tssnccejeenoviewonc vergee stn ndassiteoheee naeiue sac etcn ot octane Meera aa ee ‘ 2. Some Edentate-like “Remains from the eel Beds of Oregon, by : Sinclair. 3 + 3, Fossil Mollusea from the John Day and Taso Beds of Oregon, by Robert E. € ; Stearns, A Nos. 2 and & im Pm COVETK....0-c.-2-.-n-cen2esenenensneces senate deueeteneneonseceennerenycnnssesee=sesSaES 4. New Cestraciont Teeth| from the West American Triassic, by Edna M. Wem te. 5. Preliminary Note on a New Marine Reptile from the Middle Triassie of | by John. ©. Merriam... lech leoccecceecopeensscuzesncnusheb saneeaue-tas ceeees wanes bs abe ae aeeeeeae ae 6. Notes on Lawsonite, Columbite, Beryl, Barite, and Calcite, by Arthur 8. va 7. The Fossil Fishes of California, with Supplementary Notes on Other 8 extinct Fishes, by David Starr Jordat..cis sits saee eee ; 8. Fish Remains from the Marine Lower Triassic of Aspen Ridge, Idaho, b f i £670 (5 (ED tc amen iaeect any Seen nAE MUR eB reer peer oee reer a! red tre tio tce ares, Moe | 9. Benitoite, a New California Gem Mineral, by George Davis Loudert ek, Chemical Analysis by Walter C. Blatdale 23..2)5- eee ees ’ 10. Notes on Quaternary Felidae from Speake? by John EF. Bernie UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 13, pp. 283-288, 7 text-figs. Issued February 25, 1915 REMAINS OF LAND MAMMALS FROM MARINE TERTIARY BEDS IN THE TEJON HILLS, CALIFORNIA = ] oO Lao 3 The Neocene Section at Kirker Pass on the North Side 5 bias nt = . Contributions to Avian Palaeontology from the Pacific Goast ‘of ‘North A . Fauna from the Type Locality of the Monterey Series in California, by Bruce M . Pleistocene Rodents of California, by Louise Kellogg .........-------cessnseners . Tapir Remains from Late Cenozoic Beds of the Pacifie Coast Region, by ick . The Monterey Series in California, by George Davis Louderback ....... , Supplementary Notes on Fossil Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl aaa . Fauna of the Hocene at Marysville Buttes, California, by Roy E. Dickerson . Notes on Scutella norrisi and Scutaster ahulpetwas) by Robert W. Pack...... . The Skull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rancho La EB . The Petrographic Designation of Alluvial Fan Formations, by Andrew C. “Law . A Peculiar Horn or Antler-from the Mohave Miocene of California, by pits Oe . Notes on the Canid Genus Tephrocyon, by John C. Merriam iia asuwneoaied . Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle California, by . Recent Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of the Pleistocene Bone D . Preliminary Report on the Horses of Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam = . New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by sig Sa . New Protohippine Horses from Tertiary Beds on the Western Border of t . Pleistocene Beds at Manix in the Eastern Mohave Desert Region, by John , Note on the Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, by-Roy E. Dickerson .... . Tertiary Echinoids of the Carrizo Creek Region in the Colorado Deeeae by W. . Deseription~ of New Species of Fossil Mollusca from the Later Marine Nee . The Martinez and Tejon Eocene aud Associated Formations of the Santa . The Occurrence of Tertiary Mammalian Remains in Northeastern Nevada, by. . Remains of Land Mammals from Marine Tertiary Beds in the Tejon Hills, . The Martinez Eocene and Associated Formations at Rock Creek on the Wer . A Proboscidean Tooth from the Truckee Beds of Western Nevada, by “John . Notes on the Copper Ores at Ely, Nevada, by Alfred R. Whitman .... i . Skull and Dentition of the Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea, by Chester St . Tertiary Mammal Beds of Stewart and Ione Valleys in West-Central Neva . Tertiary Echinoids from the San Pablo Group of Middle California, . An Occurrence of Mammalian Remains in a Pleistocene Lake Deposit a | obi 7—(Continued). JOR OCS Laman nin oe eye Af a Toye Holmes| Miller: - iP fri bie: acs a> -nemctnepavncns tt taste Reale eee TEAS . Physiography and Structure of the Western EH] Paso Range and the Southern | Nevada, by Charles Laurence Baker 2c ..c.---2s<1 payer s-venonnss feteeecnesuneeenaes Merriam. 2...).2c00 pape a Sc Sel Ukeeencmeteetees ed babe eee ee John ©. Merriam | 22222522 eck log eRe ete es ee _riam dou cecncedanpecanacenedancatncesscenqahespaparenenonannsscaiace=Junnsmeenne als|bels-aeS ==" 5=7e5nan= sages eee Chester Stock. sicesss 22... dibenoreeedentacscupesteeeee see see eee ee CG. Merriam conc csliicennasses-ce-hncles nsanectennngavsuetonictie ceussanh Bean eytenennsea sateen of Rancho La Brea, by Reginald C. Stomer .2..2.22-0-c0occccccencccessoseeaeeseeeeeeee Merriam, \osocn ns sncctacpice tence sete phisameanataeene ls Siete acnseg- tRUa ie pres pe See ences eer Desert, by John C, Merriam ...2.2.....ssccct-on--tenpecbea cuccor decueeisace oe ee ee Buwal da 5 scs-cbsscitcnoncccosei bo deandnebaootandes unde adusairbt onaslesucene se nee -os yee tea: eee ar E . The Problem of Aquatie Adaptation in the Carnivora, as Illustrated in the Os e- 4 ology and Evolution of the Sea-Otter, by Walter P. Taylor ..........-.:c..s0 = Index in press. VOLUME 8. . Is the Boulder ‘‘Batholith’’ a Laccolith? A Problem in Ore-Genesis, by A adr G. Dae WSO) 2 5in32:-cce2d ca ccnoclfpcndonsaamebabtaecneseant aoe ened. tale ahaa eee eee Teeth of a Cestraciont Shark from the Upper Triassic of Northern California, Harold (OC. Bryant 2h... en iinecsntnooubteccacteqeabeeasasuan tee Dede a epee, eae en Bird Remains from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, by Loye Holmes 2 Se. OW), TRO W:. oseccendeszcoceddeonncadccunducepdaatectipeees clesesaneieede: anne bs ee aaa er Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California, by Roy Ernest Dickerson ... California, by Bruce Martin: .......2s.255.e-.eccenite as eresee abt ee The Fernando Group near Newhall, California, by Walter A. English... Ore Deposition in and near Intrusive Rocks by Meteorie Waters, by IR WSON! jnapccosnednre green innsecteasaspizeeasstledopas trae actos Sake eee cea ae Ra The Agasoma-like Gastropods of the California Tertiary, by Walte Mountains, by Roy) B. Dickersom <..-2--2icece conse -aecelece tenereneceoe eae eee ne C. Merriam: 22.2.) 0205. eel ee fornia, by John C. Merriam Border of the Mohave Desert Area, by Roy BH. Dickerson ..................- -. New Molluscan Species from the Maktimer Eocene of Southern California, b} EB. Dickerson’ 4..4:.-1 35.0... eee cat ee ee ee ee BWW Ader & feise- void nee ccian danag apeoenge ou th cke de ween otc Aon ae ae John iP. Buawalda 21.20 oc be Oh Be Se ee eee ee W.. Rew 2. he aie Be ee i a ee Pass, near Pyramid Lake, Nevada, by John C. Merriam ~.......-..2. F CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS: “puuterin oF THE DEPARTMENT on! ® *, GEOLOGY ( 14, PP. 289-298, 1 text -figure ' Issued December 10, 1914 : "WESTERN BORDER OF THE MOHAVE DESERT AREA ee. Pa j “f “ Pe: : BY Spe ROY E. DICKERSON wy ¢ c v.43 : : a, re . : . me Ve j rs q ai) 4 ‘ . £ ps F S ; \ : re fe ee UNIveRsiTy OF CALIFORNIA PRESS : Z BERKELEY Nore.—The University ©: ! Cali i eations of learned societies and institutions, pei ad yin nd ] all the publications of the University will ‘be. ‘sent upon reques publications and other inforrnation, address the Manager of th 1 California, U. S. A. All matter sent in exchange oe, be e addressed to 5 Department, University Library, Berkeley, California, U. S. Otto HaRgASSOWITZ rR, FRIEDLAENDER & & ( LEIPzie : BERLIN be Agent for the series in American Arch- Agent for tke series - aeology and Ethnology, “Histon Philology, aeology and Hthnology, A Economics, Education, History, Modern Botany, Geology, Mathematics Philology, Philosophy, Psy¢hology. Physiology, Zoology, and Menge Geology.— ANDREW ©. LAwson and JoHn C. Merriam, Hditors. Price per volume, e Volumes I (pp. 435), IZ (pp. 450), IIT (pp. 475), IV (pp. 462), V (pp. M3), VI (pp. 454), and VII (pp. 500), completed. - Vol. VIII in progress. aan Cited as Univ. Calif, Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. : a Volume 1, 1893-1896,| 435 pp., with 18 plates, price .....-.:.csescccsececsneeeesseer-ee Volume 2, 1896-1902,\450 pp., with 17 plates and 1 map, price ............. Volume 3, 1902—1904,|482 pp., with 51 plates, Price .....20.2.-:ccesscncececeeseneroee .A list of the titles in volumes 1, 2 and 3 will be sent upon request. VOLUME 4. ~ Be : ae ace Goole of the Upper Region of the Main Walker River, Nevada, by Dwight : TIED osncennnncesnencciesa} henpeanctapitac ont onnnatandtedte acy apantdlenan sent nevare eee ko er rrr 2. A Primitive Ichthyosavrian Limb from the Middle Triassic of Nevada, ‘by John CM ir) i SN 8. Geological Section of the Coast Ranges North of the Bay of San Frane £0, b We CO, Osmotic ee ene nnn ese onep sores geese nase bee seco ae enn eee. 4, Arcas of the California Neocene, by Vance C. Osmont 5. Contribution to the Palaeontology of the Martinez Group, by Charles E. 2 6. New or Imperfeetly Known Rodents and Ungulates from the John Day Series, by William Ti eC) «26 7. New Mammalia from the Quarternary Caves of California, by William J. Sinelz 8. Preptoceras, a New Ungulate from the Samwel Cave, California, by Eustace LS BRUPION Goo eectlan saat vow cn bach Baectnsinns teen ae pranBar ase oeaas~ see eaee Uae esa ae as 9. A New Sabre-tooth from California, by John C. “Merriam. .... 10. The Structure and Genesis of the Comstock Lode, by John A. Reid 11. The Differential Thermal Conductivities of Certain Schists, by Paul The 12. Sketch of the Geology of Mineral King, California, by A. Knopf and P. Thelen. 18. Cold Water Belt Along the West Coast of the United States, by Ruliff 8. Ho: 14. The Copper Deposits of the Robinson Mining District, Nevada, by a ' LB WSOD oocene-|spcccseccnseansedopantcessbenasoceesecouaveneesnscnewaasnanndapuascauan| b= Senssentnis eae ea ee 15. I. Contribution to the Classification of the Amphiboles. © ; II, On Some Glaucophane Schists, Syenites, ete., by G. Murgoei 16. The Geomorphic Features of the Middle Kern, by Andrew C. Lawson. 17. Notes on the Foothill Copper Belt of the Sierra Nevada, by A. Knopf. 18. An Alteration of Coast Range Serpentine, by A. Knopf. Nos. 17 and. \18 im (one COV er ncaa se ete ge meen ceener ah eee nage ne nea ‘ 19, The Geomorphogeny of the Tehachapi Valley System, by Andrew C. Lawso VOLUME 5 1. Carnivora from the Tertiary Formations of the John Day Region, by John ,C Merriam) occc ccc tee cinch ke eacenaendnn ccnge acho eaen cole tora auee eee eas ae ee ea e, ea 2. Some Edentate-like Remains from the Maseall Beds of Oregon, by William J. ' Sinclair. 3. Fossil Mollusea from the John Day and Masea Beds of Oregon, by Bac) =o. i Stearns. | y Nos. 2 and 3) im: One COVET. ecceh 4. coccsec ecto eee basen se eee eee ee --aibanrenancebalillal . New Cestraciont Teeth from the West American Triassic, by Bdna M. We . Preliminary Note on a New Marine Reptile from the Middle Triassie 0 by John ‘Oh Merriamc. ann cesecnencsacstmbaeangsrs= aera = sabes ee aa . Notes on Lawsonite, Columbite, Beryl, Barite, and Calcite, by Arthur 5 . The Fossil Fishes of C alifornia, with Supplementary Notes on Other Sp extinct Fishes, by David Starr Jordam..........--2-scecacesecsso-c-ssncneesstnes sie J . Fish Remains from the Marine Lower Triassic of Aspen “< Idaho, by ! Grad dary once mcrae nai eka Daca tinct cu eames tae see oOo Nm Ob ‘ eh hh whan 4 i bat f i “{ by | av 1, eS hg: a Fail Pett REG | era Pot ie ASR, Age UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 14, pp. 289-298, 1 text-figure Issued December 10, 1914 THE MARTINEZ EOCENE AND ASSOCIATED FORMATIONS AT ROCK CREEK ON THE WESTERN BORDER OF THE MOHAVE DESERT AREA BY ROY E. DICKERSON CONTENTS PAGE Introduction and Acknowledgments ............2..-2::c--ceceeceeeeeceecceeeceeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeseeeeesees 289 General Statement of Stratigraphy and Structure -......2202200200.22022.2---e22-------- 290 SAS CTEM Ged) OMNI OXY ee rere ates eee ee sce taae te esa ueen ve ess eae eet eee eee 292 Miles Game Zak Gis OUP M 2: freee cave cee eoe ee veces sn ctese leeeacnsest se (Secu uteseoe eesocu sco cauuseec eee secee dousceewwlecnusceae 293 Hla O te ilar GIN e ZNO) c-2eseseeeeces=seesscasecee-csazaeetesesoe-eceecsee costs ceeeeeceecaesef2ecceweeeeezeecsze, QO INUTT@XOCER AUC EY he SH af ype eee erro}. 9) PANNE STAC HMA MeN OW Va oe satan Re ee east en cue nag pee ra Popethes sarees teehee core ee 296 eISHOCEMEKG?)) MAM OLOMERA be: 2.xzcceccerceee ccc scceeeceeseseceecenss -oceqceereeaceesseciscdsicsesstececceesse2s 297 Conclusions as to Stratigrapic Sequence in the Rock Creek Area .................... 298 INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Correlation of the terrestrial and lacustrine Tertiary deposits of the Great Basin Province with the marine Tertiary of the Coast Ranges is one of the problems of west-coast geology now being investigated by Professor J. C. Merriam. The results presented in this paper are by-products incidental to this investigation. The work was done under the direction of Professor Merriam, and the writer wishes to thank him for the opportunity to contribute in a small way to this work. Mr. Emerson Butterworth and Mr. Edward Brainerd ably assisted the writer in mapping the field and in collecting speci- mens. Dr. L. F. Noble of the United States Geological Survey, 290 University of California Publications in Geology [ Vou. 8 who is at present engaged in mapping the Rock Creek Quadrangle, placed his data at the writer’s disposal and his kindly co-operation and guidance in the field were very helpful. The different formations and groups found in this field were outlined by him before the writer visited the locality. Dr. Ralph Arnold’ identified the first fossils obtained from this locality and recognized the Martinez age of the strata which contained them. GENERAL STATEMENT OF STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE The area to be discussed in this paper is located in the northern half of the Rock Creek Quadrangle, on the southern edge of the Mohave Desert, or of that portion of it known as Antelope Valley (see fig. 1). The field which was particularly studied is on the northern flanks of the San Gabriel Range, about twenty-five miles north of Pomona. The main drainage lines of this region are Rock Creek and Little Rock Creek. The sources of Rock Creek and of the South Fork of Rock Creek are in the summit regions of the San Gabriel Mountains, which attain a height along the east-west line varying from 8000 feet to 9389 feet, the elevation of North Baldy, the highest peak in the Rock Creek Quadrangle. When this region was visited in December, 1913, all the mountains above 6000 feet in elevation were covered with snow. The melting snows supply Rock Creek with water throughout the year. The South Fork of Rock Creek is in reality the main stream, and it appears to be consequent. That portion of Rock Creek south of Pinyon Ridge is a steam whose course was determined by a minor fault of the San Andreas rift. The main portion of Rock Creek is an antecedent stream and cuts through the extension of Pinyon Ridge and the ridge between the Mohave Desert on the north and the rather wide, level Rock Creek Valley on the south. The section most carefully examined is that in the vicinity of Rock Creek. A brief reconnaissance was made into the area in the north- west corner of the quadrangle. The region studied is a portion of the San Andreas rift zone. Rift features such as kernbuts, kerncols and fault-sag ponds are beautifully exemplified in this area. Four approxi- mately parallel northwest-southeast fault lines traverse this area, and minor parallel faults are also found. 1 Arnold, Ralph, The Tertiary and Quaternary Pectens of California, U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper no. 47, p. 11, 1906. Na SAIN RS WES ik mre 4755 00\\ TALK e Ne W§ASAS WUE ZS “: SS SYS yy fr in BRN VNC (i WS BS SNOu atl S \\\\ NY PSS ) i \ Yy y SW MN WC ( SWS ee ES y aN ' Wj < y = WN Y . NY ae 7 IWNS S : xaiz CALAN HR S\!= an} 3 i / SY IN RA I) SES \ NX ( > \ \\ WwW, W\ ila SNUG AN SSA ( ( APN es Y KG UM) \ Fig. 1. A geological map of a portion of the Rock Creek Quadrangle, Los Angeles County, California. gr, ls, Basement Complex; Zmz, Martinez Group; TZpb, Miocene(?) formation; Pp, Pleistocene(?) formation; al, Alluvium. Adapted from the U. S. Geological Survey topographic sheet. Scale, 1 inch = 1 mile. 292 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 The following terranes were recognized in this area: (1) A basement complex of schists, marble and limestone of pos- sible Palaeozic age, and intrusive granite of unknown age (oldest member of the section). (2) The Martinez Group, consisting of two divisions: (a) a lower predominantly sandstone member, and (b) an upper predominantly shale member. This group rests upon the eroded surface of the base- ment complex on the north side of Pinyon Ridge. It is of lower Eocene age, its basal portion yielding a fauna characteristic of that horizon. (3) Miocene(?) strata, a thick series of apparently land-laid deposits. in part typical fanglomerates. This formation rests with well-marked unconformity upon the Martinez. (4) An andesitie lava flow of later age than the Miocene(?) for- mation. (5) A formation of Pleistocene(?) age deposited unconformably upon the older beds. BASEMENT COMPLEX On the outer edge of the mountains, on the border of the desert were found what appear to be the oldest rocks in the area, limestone and schists which were intruded by granite. The limestone is a bluish gray rock of fine texture and in places still exhibits stratifica- tion. Oceasionally it is found to be altered to marble. The schists associated with it are fine-grained and micaceous. This series may be the correlative of Hershey’s? Oro Grande series, of the Mohave desert forty miles northeast of this locality. This limestone and schist series has been brought upward by movements along two very recent faults, the Antelope Valley and the Rock Creek faults of the San Andreas rift. The main mass of the range consists of granitoid rocks and asso- ciated schists, and in the area mapped, it is rather sharply set off from the sedimentaries along the Punch-bowl fault. The granite appears to be intruded into a much altered hornblende schist. Along the Punch-bow] fault a dike of aplite in the granite is a very prominent feature of the complex. 2 Hershey, O., Some erystalline rocks of southern California, Am. Geol., vol. 29, pp. 286-287, 1902. 1914] Dickerson: Martinez of Rock Creek 293 MARTINEZ GROUP The Martinez is found in an area about six miles long and two miles wide near Shoemaker. The group is apparently separable into at least two terranes, a lower, predominantly sandstone, and an upper, predominantly shale member. Unfortunately, as the mapping shows, the two members were found only in fault contact; hence their relations to each other are not entirely clear. The basal member of the lower terrane rests upon a granite block, which has been uplifted along the San Andreas fault. This contact is well exposed on the north side of a spur of Pinyon Ridge one-half mile south of Shoe- maker. The line between the Martinez and the granite is very uneven. The granite basement shows irregularities whose differences must have been from thirty to fifty feet at the time the Martinez conglomerate was deposited upon it. The conglomerate is not very thick and is interstratified with a red shale in which large, highly polished granite boulders are found. This shale contains some gypsum and in places gypsum has penetrated into the irregularities of the granite basement. A stratum of hard, gray, quartzose sandstone and several beds of limestone were found interstratified with the red shale member, which was about three hundred feet thick. Most of the fossils were found in limestone lenses in the shale. These beds have a dip of 30° W and strike of N 25° W. Above them appear about one hundred and fifty feet of medium-grained, arkosic sandstone with subordinate strata of limestone. Resting upon this at the top of Pinyon Ridge are one hundred and fifty feet of shale weathered to a red-brown which have been called the ‘‘coffee-ground’’ beds owing to their habit of breaking into angular fragments of small size. Lack of good exposures pre- vented further observations along the west end of Pinyon Ridge, but at least several hundred feet are present. Along Rock Creek about one mile south of Shoemaker is another partial section which is much higher in the series. It is in ascending order as follows: Shale and limestone (lower beds) -2........22...22:.2-.ce----eecceeceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 100 ft. Tan sandstone grading into well cemented conglomerate ~.......2.......2..--2..-.- 50 Mimestoneran dy Shiai @ poser erect x astet tees tes aces teed se teeets ewes and evan cvSeeyeftvezie at 150 Yellowish sandstone, with a stratum of carbonaceous shale or impure Uifer abt rfeh (onaXe afaXo ret “a sUICC) Seal chsh Sy pene eee aie re eee eee 75 Carbonaceous shale, lignite strata one foot in thickness alternate with gray sandstone and conglomerate strata 25 to 30 ft. thiek .....00.00.0....... 150 Massive gray sandstone with conglomerate ....2..2...2..22...22-22.cc20c20seeeeeteeeeeeeeees 150 294 Unversity of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 The occurrence of conglomerate and legnite strata is especially note- worthy in this section as indicating deposition along a shore or upon land. The predominantly sandstone terrane has an estimated thickness of about two thousand to twenty-five hundred feet. The predominantly shale member of the Martinez Group is char- acteristically exposed in the canon of the South Fork of Rock Creek. It consists of about twenty-five hundred feet of alternating strata of brown sandstone, ‘‘coffee-ground’’ shale and impure gray limestone. These alternating strata vary from one to twenty-four inches in thickness with the shales forming the main bulk of the exposures. There are approximately one thousand to fifteen hundred feet of these shales exposed in the middle portion of the section on the South Fork of Rock Creek. They have a strike about N 40° W and dip from 45° to 60° S. A brown sandstone stratum of two hundred feet in thick- ness is found at the top of this member in fault contact with the Basement Complex and a Pleistocene formation. The lowest member exposed is found along Rock Creek at the confluence of the main stream with the South Fork. This consists of about three hundred feet of ‘‘coffee-ground’’ shale. These strata are in fault contact with the granitoid rocks of Pinyon Ridge on the northeast. A northeast- southwest cross-fault a mile northwest of the mouth of the South Fork brings them in contact with the Pleistocene formation and the sandstone member of the Martinez Group. Thus we see that this member is bounded on all sides by faults and, on this account its stratigraphic relations to the other terranes are uncertain. Dr. Noble found float boulders containing the characteristic Martinez fossil Turritella pachecoensis in a stream along the contact between the Miocene(?) formation and this member. It is uncertain whether these boulders came from the uppermost sandstone stratum of the Martinez or were boulders which were previously in the Miocene(?) con- glomerate. Dr. Noble and the writer found boulders containing 7. pachecoensis embedded in the gray sandstone matrix of the con- elomerate. Careful search did not result in finding any fossils in place in this member. The sandstone, the shale, and the lmestone of this member appear to be lithologically identical with rocks of corresponding texture in the predominantly sandstone member of proven Martinez age. 1914] Dickerson: Martinez of Rock Creek bo Co Or THE FAUNA OF THE MARTINEZ Only the lower four hundred feet of the Martinez Group were markedly fossiliferous and most of the collections were obtained from these strata. List oF SPECIES OBTAINED FROM ROCK CREEK MARTINEZ Loc. Loc. Loe. Loc. Loe. 2245 2246 2247 2248 2249 ON ATIS ES [vi giscses oes cevcseesazendescccdess vucdsace sevavseecsuees sede sae ae = x Mienebmat ula) Sper csscesesecescceesec=-s--.scersscuesec=eee= x ao Crassatellites, cf. unioides Stanton .......... x @mrassavelliGes asp: ) eae 15¢ pane from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho La Brea, by Loye RP ne NSE aes PS eager ts 5 Soe tt Maen Somes eR aR ope, anne cos Ena 10e VOLUME 6 : yndor-like Vultures of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller....................---- 156 Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek, in Northwestern ida, by John C. Merriam. Part I—Geologie History...................cscccesceeceeceeees 50c eology of the Sargent Oil Field, by William Hones” ae 08 tis elo. nee 25e ons to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene Deposits at Fossil Lake, Oregon, by sovegs Tolman ays UM Bau DUS) SEAN? is 2s eo ae Ste Pt el 10¢ ‘eomorphogeny of the Sierra Nevada Northeast of Lake Tahoe, by John A. Reid 60¢ a Caeantie Bear from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by John C. 6 ead 7 in ONE COVET cerreeeeceeeee-n oa, 5 ees See RR EE eae! AE ee. 10e Taphie and Faunal Relations of the Martinez Formation to the Chico J manite, a Variety of Colemanite, and Howlite from Lang, Los Angeles vy eee by Arthur S. Higkipeecet Wude CRS se NESS A A 10e f of Eagle Tarsi from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes ae ae ce oe 8 aS 9 wn ce aE Aat nce he deat ait: senaaEnaanednndwapdcckenendenge dosatocenced 10e he Relationships of the Marine Saurian Fauna Described from the Triassic itzbergen by Wiman, by John C, Merriam. 1 the Dentition of Omphalosaurus, by J ohn C. Merriam and Harold Cc. Bryant. Semaiaeenid Tomy one Cover”. ses wo) as a ee 150 s on the Later Cenozoic History of the Mohave Desert Region in Southeastern alifornia, by Charles Laurence Baker .......-.sco-:ccsiscecossscecnsessssstseceosssesenssessecsescecsssennase 50e fauna of the Pleistocene Cave Deposits of California, by Loye Holmes Miller .... 15¢ sil Beaver from the Kettleman Hills, California, by Louise Kellogg ................ 5e on the Genus Desmostylus of~Marsh, by John C. Merriam .............2.2--.-2--+-- a 10¢ See Rebound Theory of Bethe by Hasty Fielding Reid ......-:...:...:.... 25e ond - ea 32 cn ‘ 7a John ©. Merriam. Part II. E Syertebrate UMAR oes tease ee 1.00 bi Con A TN PF WwW HE bt et PO pro =a an 17. He $1 Ss 15. 17. 18. Nos, 11, 13, and 16 in press. . Pseudostratification in Santa Barbara Couuty, California, . Recent Discoveries of Carnivora in the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, . The Neocene Section at Kirker Pass on the North Side of Mount Diablo, | . Contributions to Avian Palaeontology from the Pacific Coast of North 4 . Physiography and Structure of the Western El Paso Range and the Southern 8 . Fauna from the Type Locality of the Monterey Series in California, b; Bruce 1 . Pleistocene Rodents of California, by Louise Kellogg .............--.-- fk . Tapir Remains from Late Cenozoic Beds of the Pacific Coast Region, by d . The Monterey Series in California, by George Davis Louderback: .............-. . Supplementary Notes on Fossil Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl Hugh . Fauna of the Hocene at Marysville Buttes, California, by Roy E. Dickens ’ . Notes on Seutella norrisi and Seutaster Se Ne by Robert w. Paek ...... . The Skull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rancho La . The Petrographic Designation of Alluvial Fan Formations, by Andrew C. Law . A Peculiar Horn or Antler from the Mohave Miocene of California, by John ©. I . Notes on the Canid Genus Tephrocyon, by John ©. Merriam ......0...i eee ey . Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle California, by . Recent Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of the Pleistocene Bone De . Preliminary Report on the Horses of Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam -._27 . New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by Jo! . New Protohippine Horses from Tert?-cy Beds on the Western Border of the Mol “ Pleistocene Beds at Manix in the fastern Mohave Desert Region, . The Problem of Aquatic Adaptation in the Carnivora, as Illustrated in the fe 8 . Note on the Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, by Roy E. Dickerson ... . Bird Remains from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, by Loye Honea . Tertiary Hchinoids of the Carrizo Creek Region in the Colorado Desert, by# . Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California, by Roy Ernest Dickerson . The Agasoma-like Gastropods of the California Tertiary, by Walter A. . The Occurrence of Tertiary Mammalian Remains in Northeastern Nevada ry WO 8900 NO OF SD . The Martinez Eocene and Associated Formations at Rock Creek on the ” N VOLUME 7. The Minerals of Tonopah, Nevada, by Arthur 8. Hakle .... Wai | olin cect acon c tepcepeeseerbeceescpenanunenamedadaeadetenia Sasi=4ght sepa tease eae a INV OY THe Tt Fo nanan age te epee mene n-pames eg Ca Bae eg tee oe eae eee Dig Clare on casein hk eco scnct nae ceesenen nat von nieden ede muses Ott eaten eee a vous hanes oye ‘Holmes Miler 22-22-2055. arena peseteeeat eget eae Nevada, by Charles Laurence: Balser 2.2 eictinsc.sss.-cscnns pense a Merriam els a ee Ry = pa 10¢ tes on Some California Minerals; byseArbhiin Say Weuclee nese ee 8: -c eet eso eae 15c¢ tes on a Collection of Fossil Mammals from Virgin Valley, Nevada, by James ~ liams Gidley ..... Neopet ey StS, CcCe a eae OS PRE EE PRE os = eee ee Se ree AL 10c graphy and Palaeontology of the ean Pablo Formation in Middle California, as Charles E. Weaver avo californicus, a Fossil Peacock from the ‘oes Asphalt Beds of Rancho La Brea, by Loye YSN Uae ey JN GUN ey oA ae a Ene OR Pei Sie 5e he Skull and Dentition of an Extinct Cat closely allied to Felis atrox Leidy, by EOE, (CE = ULSI 8 AT 2 aR ea a ee AE SD Sa A ate oe 15¢ ttornis, a New Avian Genus, from Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller...... 10e _ Occurrence of Strepsicerine Antelopes in the Tertiary of Northwestern iyareds) Vida? CAJON ale Cg 28 ESAT Cee ele Mee Re ae pee a Meen M_ e O e 10¢ itoite, Its Paragenesis and Mode of Oceurrence, by George Davis Louderback, with chemical analyses by Walter C. Blasdale.................1.--ssscsessese-eeeeeeceneneneeeeendone 75¢ e Skull and Dentition of a Primitive Ichthyosaurian from the Middle Triassic, Fogp_ cll@ latte Ce 2 0G soe fa Ge ee ae de ee or ec RR et Ae REP io 10e Mammalia from Rancho La Brea, by John G. Memmam {heey 2 aS 5e An Aplodont Rodent from the Tertiary of Nevada, by Eustace L. Furlong............ 10c -Evesthes jordani, a Primitive Flounder from the Miocene of California, by James EGctel aie ayy (CPM Yep a Ae eae Oe Sa RE ee 15¢ The Probable Tertiary Land Connection between Asia and North America, by —— AVTISINOED: TESTO) oN ae ME a Ry ei a eet ke a ne i eae ce ed Nn eee gs 10¢ odent Fauna of the Late Tertiary Beds at Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek, , Meibeia iby douse Kolloge 2 se 15¢ Wading Birds from the Quaternary Asphalt ee of Rancho La Brea, by Loye VOLUME 6. ‘he Contr: like Waltuves of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller........................ 156 ertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part I.—Geologic History...................-.2:.::::0-s--ceeeeeo 50¢ 3. The Geology of the Sargent Oil Field, by William F. Jones ......-...-.....2..1.----20eseeee 25¢ 1. Additions to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene Deposits at Fossil Lake, Oregon, by TeV) LEE oui Oy ae eRe SER oor 10c the Geomorphogeny of the Sierra Nevada Northeast of Lake Tahoe, by John A. Reid 60c ote on a Gigantic Bear from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by John C. | _ Merriam. 7. A Collection of Mammalian Remains from Tertiary Beds on the Mohave Desert, by John C. Merriam. BS oa Cote Clea fiat ONO) (CO VOT ase carne seette ne snves soseerenceresareseea sowie coneerestednenasseseacscenr=azeralaanees 10c The Stratigraphie and Faunal Relations of the Martinez Formation to the Chico and Tejon*North of Mount Diablo, by Roy E. Dickerson -.......-:.--.--:2-ss:-se+scssseses 5e Neocolemanite, a Variety of Colemanite, and Howlite from Lang, Los Angeles Bounty, Calitonnmin, spy Arthur’ S: Halle) e222 ise leeleee to seare sateenee saeco aceerectenceareeeeccse 10e A New Antelope from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Walter P. Taylor.... 5e ‘Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part Il.—Vertebrate Faunas .................:0:::0:-:scceeee 1.00 A Series of Eagle Tarsi from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes o Maller =... SE a So cy ee eo ee RR: oy SAU: Soe ne en eR 10e Notes on the Relationships of the Marine Saurian Fauna Described from the Triassic of Spitzbergen by Wiman, by John C. Merriam- Notes on the Dentition of Omphalosaurus, by John C. Merriam and Harold C. Bryant. MNOS: lotandela: annondecovereea--- 2.85222 aT EE Sie ROR ot a ees 15a ‘Notes on the Later Cenozoic History of the Mohave Desert Region in Southeastern Bacalitornias by Charles Waurencel Baer 2225 ac scanetorswsnsacenedsbennesugevsesbeserensneceessstvisstedosecs 50e Avifauna of the Pleistocene Cave Deposits of California, by Loye Holmes Miller... 15¢ . Fossil Beaver from the Kettleman’ Hills, California, by Louise Kellogg ................ 5e otes on the Genus Desmostylus of Marsh, by John ©. Merriam .......2......-:.::sssecesesee-- 10e 19. The Elastic-Rebound Theory of Earthquakes, by Harry Fielding Reid ...................... 25¢ je areiglhe Nee ys 5 a AC eRe es ge 2 A OU a ON | cl NEN 300 Eo ty ee pe ee BO pr OS oa Dn — = =a © 00 ise) =) to bk wor to to —bS. o - Ww No ©0' ND oy wr | HH a is 15. IT. 18, Nos. 11, 13, and 16 in press. |The Minerals of Tqnopah, Nevada, by Arthur 8. Bake ou, oe . Pseudostratification in Santa Barbara County, Valifornia, \ . Recent Discoveries of Carnivora in the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, , Contributions to Avian Palaeontology from the Pacifie Coast of North Gane b , Physiography and Structure of the Western E] Paso Range and the Southern Cow A TN PB w wr . Nothrotherium and Megalonyx from the Pleistocene of Southern California, | by ‘ . Notes on the Canid Genus Tephrocyon, by Jolin C. Merriam .....22.202---2.-cceceseenceneseeeseee . Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle California, by John . Recent Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of the Pleistocene Bone Deposits - . Preliminary Report on the Horses of Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam .......... ati . New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by John qp . New Protohippine Horses from Tertiary Beds on the Western Bopans of the Mohave . The Problem of Aquatic Adaptation in the Carnivora, as Titastea ted in the Oste- . Note on, the Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, by Roy EH. Dickerson .. . Teeth of a Cestraciont Shark from the Upper Triassic of Northern California, . Bird Remains from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, by Loye Holmes . Tertiary Echinoids of the Carrizo Creek Region in the Colorado Desert, by bi a . Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California, by Roy Ernest Dickerson ......... i . Description= of New Species of Fossil Mollusca from the Later Marine Seceone . The Fernando Group near Newhall, California, by Walter A. English........ . Ore Deposition in and near Intrusive Rocks by Meteorie Waters, by Andrey . The Martinez Eocene and Associated Formations at Rock Creek on t y George D Dee ace atsc- Jobe tiap bate goes =nenhipnn site onscaah pe ee agentes ro) ee alee Paes eee ea tag Merriam op ideid. eg ceca iececesretupsseede pub gRenem=ennageme tener «| Seat oma cala de te ieee vehd, The Neocene Section at Kirker Pass on the N his Side of Mount Diablo, by Bru BPEL OA Chip agmemd e oreme A ee ed Se AE ee a Loye Holmes Miller 2c 2) fic) socaessuuenncwos tl tevenecevectaacedesuaas= sae a = . Fauna from the Type Locality of the Monterey Series in California, by Brae | Marto f . Pleistocene Rodents of California, by Louise Kellogg ....-......-e.-ececcsscenseonees eset 3) X Tapir Remains from Late Cenozoie Beds of the Pacific Coast Region, by John C. Merri $f) ovsn-2joe-adeondennstecceceenessoepbancetoceacunstersvesed! fuaincunaeespeetetsenc teats eee sae . The Monterey Series in California, by George Davis Louderback ........sccstneccenseeseseme 65e . Supplementaiy Notes on Fossil Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl Hugh Beal. 10 . Fauna of the Eocene at Marysville Buttes, California, by Roy HE. Dickerson .......... . Notes on Sentella norrisi and Scutaster Padewatl by Robert W. Pack ...............0.. 5 | The Skull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by ro John -C. (Merriam! -22...::...4f..ob iced aae sete. 2 Me a. olece cere eee eee ae eer dee dae . The Petrographic Designation of Alluvial Fan Formations, by Andrew C. Lawson... 1 . A Peculiar Horn or Antler from the Mohave Miocene of California, by John C. Mer- TU AI | o...ccclennonscanesteceseonnndsee deidepvaee edocs gerngcuewsuanesscceJocodtensceee One ceeae sea este at eee eae @hester Stok lc... sesccec.d Ag ak. ead teak seek coe a ae ee er supe pennies ©. Merriam © ..........---20e-2eeoneafenennapeuieapece apedessnsearsdessonavebleacuecs stay dese ce eh eee aoe a ar of Rancho La Brea, by Reginald C. Stoner |..3.c.2c0--cec: esse eee es

Deple: (Chy UGB ei ra ais oat ne eee lh Oy apr ae OAR Oe See eee! UE 8 15¢ ‘Teratornis, a New Avian Genus, from, Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller pete 10¢ The ,Oceurrence of Strepsicerine Antelopes in the Tertiary of Northwestern ¥ Nevada, LOZ Ao) nha ak O51 (9 0 Ae 8 pe Ee I Ry PZ tg. 5h WO 10¢ Benitoite, Its Paragenesis and Mode of Occurrence, by George Davis Louderback, Eachechemical analyses by Walter C. Blasdale.......2. 02th eel ceceetenece 75¢ . The Skull and Dentition of a Primitive Iehthyosaurian from the Middle Triassic, ion EID /Ocgh Gy a ae a a ae Se eee a IR. oy 10e New Mammalia from Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam .............-...-.-2:.-.-seee1eeseo-00 Se ‘An Aplodont Rodent from the Tertiary of Nevada, by Eustace L. Furlong............ 10¢ Evesthes jordani, a Primitive Flounder from the Miocene of California, by James Beem ebacus: Gilbentycer eer fe ee ee ee eee 15¢e— . The Probable Tertiary Land Connection between Asia and North America, by a TI aT TEGO ag atte Ns ne ae I eee sa ieee rr ee nr, oad.» 10e ‘Rodent Fauna of the Late Tertiary Beds at Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek, ~ PGT on gM CTT SSG) II fa 5 See co ee sn ee i SO Serie SMES 15e . Wading Birds from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho Jia Brea, by Loye Ele irgive) WMUTIDI Gye ee Re ace oe oe ee oc era ae 10e ; = - ; VOLUME 6 The Condor-like Vultures of Rancho La Brea, ‘ss Loye Holmes Miller.................----: 156 ; Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern : _____ Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part I.—Geologie History..........----------:e--see-cepocceeos 50¢ 3. The Geology of the Sargent Oil Field, by William F. Jones ......0......2.12:.:steseseeeeeeoeee 25e 4, Additions to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene Deposits at fossil Lake, Oregon, by bray Ce rvolmres NU er soe cok Hesse nat R pecan nen caend Jansnsnictntcdtacnn-anthages ticeccvocseossoeeseatzecdess.leebacueenis —10e The Geomorphogeny of the Sierra Nevada Northeast of Lake Tahoe, by John A. Reid 60¢ Note on a Gigantie Bear from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by John C. | Merriam. A Collection of Mammalian Remains from Tertiary Beds on the Mohave Desert, by John C. Merriam. Re OSs 1G ead = IM OMEL CON CT, core etecnace setae =a shen-naadeaessnenectecaaeencteadee corn onansfucstneon-otereewanasteees 10e The Stratigraphic and Faunal Relations of the Martinez Formation to the Chico _~ and Tejon North of Mount Diablo, by Roy H. Dickerson ..............-..2..:+::::--eee--02 5e Neocolemanite, a Variety of Colemanite, and Howlite from Lang, Los Angeles GonmutyCalitommia, by Arthur’ S. Hake. sci fe ae ieee esas scent cenueacente vateestencer 10e . A New Antelope from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Walter P. Taylov.... 5e 1. Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern ‘Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part Il.—Vertebrate Faunas ..........-ccccccceccesccesesecnee “1.00 _A Series of Eagle Tarsi from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes DTG r a ea Ie CU an a a I Ue, ge el eA 10e Notes on the Relationships of the Marine Saurian Fauna Described from the Triassic of Spitzbergen by Wiman, by John OC. Merriam. fotes on the Dentition of Omphalosaurus, by John C. Merriam and Harold C, Bryant. ae NOS eu raid WL: (Trt OMB CCOMCT eens acta te tac ge ANE Nn noone ce kaw Let scpeactucesanssebecuestaes tees 150 _ Notes on the Later Cenozoie History of the Mohave Desert Besion . Avifauna of the Pleistocene Cave Deposits of California, by Loye Ba . A Fossil Beaver ‘from the Kettleman Hills, 8. Notes on the Genus Desmostylus of Mar . The Elastic-Rebound Theory of Earthqu California, by Charles Laurence Bake California, by Louise Kell ° by John C, Merriam ..... kes, by Harry Fielding R a | “VOLUME 7: Shier 1. The Mif€rals of Tonopah, Newada, by Arthur S. Hakle ......0. aes 2. Pseudostratification in Santa Barbara County, California, by George Davis L DAC] oo sek cect i nck b ipeettcewecheremmnnsbiathaliteeeent-wenas heomeiqaadis neces ase cote ae 8. Recent Discoveries of Cunniynen in the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by _ Merriam, , ..... 2.3 eeeaawre ey | jakcdaage iaeeneaonpye domes Sa gsedc ade seta tate n anne tees te err 4, The Neocene Section at Kirker Pass on the North Side of Mount Diablo, by 1 L. Clark ms isagtcanll 5. Contributions to Avian Palagontology rom the Pacific Coast of Nort merica, b Loye Helmes Miller. 521. f-- pace ice anpessg ebontreecns bn oe dndemee ney eeertan eee dee svanesosn f=) oon Ooo No oe 09 bo fot 10. Numbers 11 to 16 in press. sbi. . Physiography and Structure of the Western El Paso Range and the Southern § . Fauna from the Type Locality of the Monterey Series in California, by Bruce Martin, . Pleistocene Rodents of California, by Louise Kellogg .......2.-..----sseeerseneen «Sasa . Tapir Remains from Late Cenozoic Beds of the Pacific Coast Region, by John Ci I . The Monterey Series in California, by George Davis Louderback csecsscsannsseeseceeeeesescooe . Supplementary Notes on Fossil Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl Hugh Beal - . Fauna of the Eocene'at Marysville Buttes, California, by Roy E. Diekerson seooseenes 4 . Notes on Seutella norrisi and Scutaster a, by Robert w. Pack ....... ah oites an 5, The Petrographic Designation of Alluvial Fan Formations, by Andrew ©, Lawson... §. A Peeuliar Horn or Antler from the Mohave Miocene of California, by John C. Mer- . Nothrotherium and Megalonyx from the Pleistocene of Southern California, . Notes on the Canid Genus Tephrocyon, by John C. Merriam ..-.....2..21---ccsceccseee-ms . Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle California, by Fo . Recent Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of the Pleistocene Bone D . Preliminary Report on the Horses of Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam ..... . New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by John (¢ . New Protohippine Horses from Tertiary Beds on the Western Border of t . Pleistocene Beds at Manix in the Hastern Mohave Desert Region, by John . The Problem of Aquatic Adaptation in the Carnivora, as Illustrated in the - Note on the Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, by Roy Hi. Dickerson . Teeth of a Cestraciont Shark from the Upper Triassic of Northern California, . Bird Remains from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, by Loye Holmes . Tertiary Wichinoids of the Carrizo Creek Kegion in the Colorado Desert, by Wi lia) . Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California, by Roy Ernest Dickerson . . Description~ of New Species of Fossil Mollusca from the Later Marine - The Fernando Group near Newhall, California, by Walter A. Eng . Ore Deposition in and near Intrusive Rocks by Meteorie Waters, by A Nevada, by Charles Laurence Baker Merriam sie sp ietsentancotapet lpecenvenconmesnesstpetaptdene teens eo esti ie, na iia F The Skull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by | Sohr ©. Merriam. ap. nis 5 ace csc daec ch stenp tates Seen enantio peneecanste an dle eee er f TRAIN». on 0n0 ceca se nnsnete acts cdanince ya dato -o0 nn escapade ase as seb cee Sa A Sh oe ee Chester’ Stock: .:.2.--:2h.)4 cla hel eae Ran ccpecanncghelataaie cae deaes eee eee ee ©.) Mierriana | pitisectt-ncna-taent ein ee SS) ee fi of Rancho La Brea, by Reginald €. Stoner 2. isc: 20.0. eee Miorriam 2.20 odie eceadend} Seach Lista Lhe oe Se SOS Be eee Desert, by John C. Merriam Bure ld canoe stesc lsh en Atie lesden Bence areca pel Wtibageecut lee eke tealtea ee ee ology and Evolution of the Sea-Otter, by Walter P. Taylor .........2.-2----. VOLUME 8. . Is the Boulder ‘‘Batholith’’ a Laecolith? A Problem in Ore-Genesis, by Andi Ce FU WB OM ® iss aad op encod dee aimed de cucu pode Deneten nee ok oe aM. Ae ea Harold C. Bryant -o.20.2020 cnc cpeneceacsdectceege nad loaban cece e-ctee eae cena ee We ROW: ec datenget tl cee acttetan a ce ea ie ac ee California, by Bruce) Martin, 2. seh0 ee ee eo ee Ta WSODS «cc sicee en nnenssoe cbtdene a -nceee rece eed anaes tit atee Lath apa depen ae eee ae ee The Agasoma-like Gastropods of the California Tertiary, by Walter = Notes on the Copper Ores at Ely, Nevada, by Alfred R. Whitman ........... ? ra ‘ i bk ND DENTITION OFTHE MYLODONT SLOTHS OF RANCHO LA BREA BY CHESTER STOCK UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY os + mt Nore,—The University of Celitornia Publications 3 eations of learned societies ‘ind jtistitutions, universitie es and libraries, all the publications of the Uiiversity will be sent upon request. For s publications and other infornjation, address the Manager of the University Califcrnia, U. S. A. Ali hie sent, in exchange should be addressed to The Department, University Jibrary, Berkeley, California, U. S. A: OTvo HARRASSOWITZ R. Paneer & Soux : Lairzi¢ ' et, Agent for the series in American Arch- Agent for the coal toi American A aeology and Ethnology, Classical Philology, aeology and Ethnology, . e Economics, Education, History, Modern Botany, Geology, Mathematics, Philology, Philosophy, Psychology. Physiology, Zoology, and Maivoikad Geology —Anprew C. Lawson and Joun C. Murriam, Editors. Price per volume, Volumes I (pp. 485), IT (pp..450), III (pp. 475), IV (pp. 462), V (pp. 448), VI (pp. 454), and VII (pp. 500), completed. Yol. VIII im progress. Cited as Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geel. Volume 1, 1893-1896, 435 pp., with 18 plates, price ....- ues bola on) Volume 2, 1896-1902, 450 pp., with 17 piates and 1 map, prite ae Volume 3, 1902-1904, 482 pp., with 51 plates, price -.....-.2.s-:--jececenecccnesne-nep eee A list of the titles in volumes i, 2 and 3 will be sent npr: request.. VOLUME 4. N ib rig Godley uf the Upper Region of the Main Walker River, ional, a eighth DBI i, Wageceenfedsanwescecetdheperpecsvesntblerece hatte caceoetddh cases aint: aaa i 2. A Primitive Ichth, josaurian Limb from the Middle Triassic of Nevada, by John. . Q. Merriam ..... folatniacncdgnaseeienes sncsenthiprme noses opaueitensos chsh 19 oe) Ho eden ao eaka es eee any 3. Geological Section of the ‘Coast Ranges North of the Bay of San- Fraieiseo, by by” | Vin CG. Osment «. /.-: sesscte:strcey vans vadeanetne Satewiivaninsestaes-atce sUranune pack Tags Eee oa figs =ns hb 4, Areas of the California Neocene, by Vanee C. Osmont......-..-c..nc--esseoeeneevssseeee oe) fee ee 5. Contribution to the Palaeontology of the Martinez Group, by Charles E. Woiaver: 6. New or Imperfectly Known Rodents and Ungulates from the John Day pipes by William J. Sinelair 7. New Mammalia from the Quarternary Caves of California, by William :J- Binet 5 8. Preptoceras, a New Ungulaje from the Samwel Cave, California, by Hustace L. 7” . Wear lomg casas bts: x dacnc erect ens nde aon en oaeiase ded eras Esa ce SEN cg eu | 9. A New Sabre-tooth from California, by John GC) Merriam -..ciuigteetenen oe 10. The Structure and Genesis of the Comstock Lode, by John: A. Reid................ 11, The Differential Thermal Conductivities of Certain Schists, by Paul Thelet 12, Sketch of the Geology of Minera} King, California, by A. Knopf and P> Theién... 13. Cold Water Belt Along the West Coast of the United Stztes, by Ruliff S. Hol 14, The U‘opper’ Deposits “of the Robinson Mining District; Nevada, by ADIN, TAQ PROMS a lnccs acc sen cence nme em ontinnipy daealeloian ap hg wie t'gnnas cow Daatgee trigas eae AyEN Ee its eee 15, Y. Covtivbu tion to the Classification of the Amphibolos "Oa Tt, On Sme (Glauccphane Schists, Syenites, ete., by* Cx. Murgoei............ 18. ‘The Geomx yplice Features of the Mic#ie Kern, by Ariarew C. Lawson i, Notes on the Fraothi’ Copper Belt of the Sierra Mtew@4, by A. Knopf. af. An Alteration .of (Gast Range Serpentine, by A. Kzupf. Nos. 17 arta SLB Em. one Cover ii. 2 oc Saas at acerenct nee netee siden ee 19, “The om ordayeny of the Tehachapi Walley System, by Andiow CG Lawson:. VOLUME 5 1, Cardi or2-forn ¢he ‘Tertiary Formetions of the John Day Region, Pa Marripm o.oo ee tg Se A eo % Some Edent+telike Remains from the Mascall Beds of Oregon, by Wi Sines. 3. Vosil Miiilusea -from the John Day ad Mascail Beds-of Oregon, by Robert Sieewas,. Nos. Rané 5 in one cover soi oie a eae A, New Cestrationt Teeth from the Wesi. Amer:van ‘Thiaesic; by %, Prelininary Note on a New Marine Paptiierfrom thes Middle. Triacsie of hy Froteay Ol Mere ta rit nic. cs reccesee lace aaa ce Uae a come ca oe ae . Motes Ste TLawannite, Columbite, Beryl, Bazi ty and Cale4e, by. Axthur a " ‘he Beest] Peshes of California, with “ SuppHenentary, Notes on Other § extinct Wishes, by David Starr Jordan:....... bbe Soe Bish pee f from the Mavine Lower Prviasse votAspen. 1 Rid gendsho, CTY: Yo i eae epeperts ee paca Foe Rou SS Te po ia neds nance te a. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 18, pp. 319-334, 6 text-figures Issued December 5, 1914 SKULL AND DENTITION OF THE MYLODONT SLOTHS OF RANCHO LA BREA BY CHESTER STOCK CONTENTS PAGE ATG AO CU CGO Vay ae veces oat ena de aes a2 0 ye ne deena coe ese sieve suse ct vive coteteecs se -tceuceewes Sevuusueebstacees 319 (QRDETIT ITTOT + ee eee ee ne Cee CO aaa eared «cot ce oz 27ers Sn 322 WV Eteahra clini GS eaeemeets cede eee 2 Bee eee Meebo ee sacs sca ce bee sce csuesenetcn peut paeseeee tae sbiccoueoscostansSsteadasbese 325 UD YSRICT Oa 5a ae a en ee 327 Specific Comparison with Other Mylodont Forms .....2.....2..22....22...22---2202200e-20----+ 330 WOTMCHUS TONS teres cca tn ee re eee ee Ace eects eh ee Ee ate ce 334 INTRODUCTION Three generally recognized species of mylodont sloths have been described from the North American Pleistocene on the basis of skull and dental characters. The genotype, Mylodon harlani, was determined by Owen! on a fragmentary lower jaw from Big Bone Lick, Kentucky. Paramylodon nebrascensis Brown and M. garmani Allen are based on skulls with associated skeletal material from Pleistocene beds near Hay Springs, Nebraska.’ A superior series of teeth of M. harlani was described by Cope* from Petite Anse, Louisiana. From the same 1Owen, R., The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, ete., Part 1, Fossil Mammalia, p. 68, pl. 17, figs. 3 and 4, 1840. 2 Brown, B., A New Genus of Ground Sloth from the Pleistocene of Nebraska, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 29, pp. 569-583, pls. 50-51, 1903. Allen, G. M., A New Mylodon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél. Harv. Coll., vol. 40, pp. 319-346, 4 pls., 1913. 3 Cope, E. D., On Some Plistocene Mammalia from Petite Anse, La., Pro. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 34, pp. 458-468, pls. 10-12, 1896. 320 Unversity of California Publications in Geology [ Vou. 8 locality Cope also described M. renidens and M. sulcidens, species which have since been regarded as belonging to the synonymy of M. harlaw. The Mylodon skull recorded by Cockerell* from near Walsenburg, Colorado, has been identified by Allen as M. harlani. The species Mylodon sodalis as originally described by Cope® was established on several phalanges from the Fossil Lake beds of Oregon. Subsequently Cope received an imperfect mandibular symphysis from near the locality of the type and referred it to Mylodon sodalis. A description of the specimen has not been published. In the excavations carried on by the University of California in the asphalt deposits of Rancho La Brea at intervals between 1906 and 1912, skeletal material representing the genus Mylodon was found in great abundance, in marked contrast to the meager representation of Megalonyx and Nothrotherium. The splendid series of mylodont skulls affords an unusual opportunity for the study of variation within a group, and throws light upon the specific determination of other mylodont material from Pleistocene deposits of North America. The Rancho La Brea collection contains skulls of both the M. harlani and P. nebrascensis type, but the range of variation in the series is such that it seems necessary to include the latter form in M. harlam. No skull material of mylodont forms clearly separable from M. harlani has thus far been recognized in collections from the asphalt beds. In advance of a consideration of the entire edentate collection, the following discussion of the skull and dentition of the Rancho La Brea Mylodon is presented. For kind eriticism I am greatly indebted to Professor John C. Merriam, under whom the work on the ground-sloths of the asphalt beds is being conducted. Comparison has been facilitated through the courtesy of Mr. Barnum Brown and Dr. W. D. Matthew, who have furnished photographs and measurements of the skull of P. nebrascensis for use in comparative study. Dr. Glover M. Allen and Professor T. D. A. Cockerell have also very kindly made several measurements of their specimens at my request and have provided outline drawings. To each of these gentlemen I desire to express my sincere thanks. 4 Cockerell, T. D. A., A Fossil Ground-Sloth in Colorado, Univ. Colo. Studies, vol. 6, pp. 309-312, 2 pls., 1909. 5 Cope, E. D., Descriptions of New Extinct Vertebrata from the Upper Ter- tiary and Dakota Formations, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., vol. 4, pp. 385-386, 1878. 1914] Stock: Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea But Fig. 1. Mylodon harlani Owen. Skull, no. 21170, superior view, X 4. Rancho La Brea Beds, California. Fig. 2. Mylodon harlani Owen. Skull, no. 21170, inferior view, X 1%. Rancho La Brea Beds, California. Fig. 3. Mylodon harlani Owen. Mandible, no. 21170, superior view, X ¥. Rancho La Brea Beds, California. 322 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 CRANIUM In the following discussion the Rancho La Brea series of specimens is shown to have a wide range of variation in the skull and dentition, but is considered to represent a single species, Mylodon harlani Owen. There appear to be no characters sufficiently important and constant to necessitate the recognition of more than one form. A subdivision of the group may, however, be necessary when the skeleton is known in greater detail. Viewed from above the skulls are essentially similar to the specimen described by Brown as Paramylodon nebrascensis (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll., no. 2780) and to the Colorado skull described by Cockerell. It differs from the South American Mylodon robustus in being gener- ally larger and relatively more slender. None of the specimens approach Mylodon garmani in the extreme narrowness of the brain- case. The muzzle is somewhat inflated at the middle and narrows to a greater or less extent anteriorly. In M. robustus the muzzle widens from the region anterior to the malars to the front end of the skull. The nasals are more or less constricted at the middle. The fronto- nasal suture is usually V-shaped as in the Nebraska skull described by Brown. In two skulls (no. 21172 and no. 21577) this suture has in part almost disappeared. The nasal in these specimens has either developed a secondary outgrowth posteriorly, which gives the element a rectangular outline, or has united with a small portion of the frontal. The supraorbital region in the Rancho La Brea skulls does not widen backward toward the postorbital processes as much as in M. robustus, and in some specimens may be narrowed posteriorly. The nearly flat, dorsal surface of the cranium is never as wide as in M. robustus, or as narrow as in M. garmani. The supraoccipital may at first descend gently from the dorsal plane of the skull toward the foramen magnum for about a third of its length, continuing from this point downward with a steeper slope, as in Brown’s specimen, or it may descend directly from the dorsal] plane to the foramen magnum without a noticeable change in slope. As in P. nebrascensis and in the Colorado skull, the width of the occiput in Rancho La Brea specimens is much greater than the height and thus differs from M. garmani. The majority of the skulls agree with Brown’s specimen and with M. robustus in dorsal contour, though a few are more highly arched in the mid-cranial region. The malar is generally found separate 1914] Stock: Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea 323 J Fig. 4. Mylodon harlani Owen. Skull, no. 21170, lateral view, x %. Rancho La Brea Beds, California. Fig. 5. Mylodon harlani Owen. Mandible, no. 21170, lateral view. X ¥. Rancho La Brea Beds, California. Fig. 6. Mylodon harlani Owen. Skull, no. 21170, posterior view, X ¥. Rancho La Brea Beds, California. 324 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 from the skull, being firmly attached in but a single specimen. The upper and middle forks of the malar are usually of unequal length and have generally the proportions noted in M. robustus. Several malars in the collection have their upper and middle forks subequal. The lower and middle forks are separated by a wide notch as in M. garmant. The lower folk is narrower than in the South American species. The premaxillary of M. harlani resembles in general structure that of Mylodon garmani. It differs from M. robustus in the more acute angle formed by the median and lateral wings, the narrower anterior end, and the much greater length of the median wing. It differs also from M. garmani in having the tip slightly more rounded. In the two specimens examined the median length greatly exceeds the cor- responding length in M. garmani, but judging from the depth of the median anterior notch of the maxillary this length must vary. The median wing of each premaxillary is greatly widened dorso- ventrally along the sutural union with the opposite element, while the lateral wing is compressed dorso-ventrally with the outer margin somewhat thickened. At the inner angle formed by the two wings, a canal opens anteriorly upon the ventral surface and represents prob- ably a portion of the anterior palatine foramen. The premaxillary is pitted to a greater or less degree. The palate is noticeably convex antero-posteriorly between the third and fourth superior teeth. Transversely it may be slightly convex, flat, or even concave. Just anterior to the second teeth or between these teeth the palate may be either slightly or deeply concave in the median line. Between the last teeth and posterior to them the palatine surface is concave, but may show various degrees of elevation along its median line. The postpalatine notch may either be acutely or broadly rounded. The pterygoids flare outward and diverge more or less posteriorly. They resemble Brown’s specimen in size, differing in this regard from the Colorado skull described by Cockerell. Their surface form in general is similar to that in M. garman. Between the pterygoids the basi-cranial region may vary in width as in Mylodon robustus. The small bone described by Allen as the tympanic is present in a single skull, being broken away in most of the specimens. It resembles that in M. garmani and M. robustus in general structure. The foramina 1914] Stock: Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea 325 for the twelfth nerve are occasionally of unequal size in the same individual and vary somewhat with age. Ventrally the condyles may resemble those in Brown’s specimen or may have the proportions seen in the Colorado skull. The marginal ridge of the condyles may vary in distinctness. The distance between the condyles varies as in the South American species. MANDIBLE The ramus in most of the Rancho La Brea skulls resembles Brown’s specimen and differs from M. garmani in narrowing noticeably in depth from the coronoid process to the front of the first tooth. In no. 21576 the region below the tooth series has more the proportions noted in M. garmant and M. robustus. The anterior end of the symphysis may vary in elevation. In no. 21576 the anterior end is well above the alveolar margin of the first inferior tooth as in M. garmani, while in no. 21156 the end of the symphysis hes almost on a level with the alveolar margin. The symphysial keel varies in size. The greatest width of the predental region across the symphysis is approximately equal to the distance between the first lower teeth in the Rancho La Brea Mylodon, while in Mylodon robustus the pre- dental width greatly exceeds the distance between the first teeth. The mental foramina are usually two in number on each side, the more anterior being often the larger and showing signs of division. In no. 21578 three foramina occur on one ramus and two foramina on the opposite ramus. The posterior internal opening of the dental canal appears always to be of greater width than in M. robustus. The coronoid process is usually rather wide and erect or somewhat recurved. In no. 21578 the process is greatly narrowed and slightly overhangs the condyle, the overhang in this case being in part due to a closer proximity of the condyle to the base of the coronoid process. The sigmoid notch may be large and open as in no. 21158 or it may be very small as in no. 21578. The inferior border of the notch may be almost on a level with the dorsal surface of the condyle or it may be well below that surface. The transverse axis of the condyles may be either at right angles to the long axis passing through the symphysis or oblique to that axis. The angle of the Jaw may be broad, resembling M. garmani, or more acute as in M. robustus. 326 University of California Publications in Geology MEASUREMENTS OF SKULL CRANIUM— Length of skull from anterior margin of maxillaries to pos- terior end of occipital con- (Vi GS je tees aan cee eee teense eens eee vencee Length of palate from anterior end of maxillaries to post- POR MEN Aes TAO KON eee eer Greatest width of maxillaries, measured across palate anter- ior to first teeth —................... Least width of palate posterior UO) ganged {ROYOM WY Soares er eee Least distance across ventral margin of pterygoid plates .... Greatest width of muzzle .......... Least width behind postorbital POL OC OSSOS Boece seese cer eeestetet ct sa2osecesses Mastoid width above stylohyal Processes) 22S Greatest width across occipital GCOMG VCS .cseeeseccetessscc seers ate Height of skull, measured from plane of basi-occipital to dor- Sal Am Cie eeeesetes cc eesscanreeeserrecees Least distance from fifth super- ior tooth to middle of post- Na lerhamie rl Of Clap esecceeecescasszesenzeae MANDIBLE Length from anterior end of symphysis to posterior end Ob CON hye) arses ssceeeers seca ee aeeece Greatest length of symphysis .... Greatest predental width —........ Depth of ramus between third and fourth inferior teeth, measured normal to inferior PAT GUN Gece SE esc aaeteieecesaseccte M. harlani 21170 Rancho La Brea No. 513 mm. 237 386 115.6 109.5ap e 3 o ev ial iol is) Q ie ees Bi6H eae aro BHo Ho Ho eee ate os ues Ae aa 498 512 222 218 69.9 61.4 113.9 118 137 134 113.7 106.6 196 193 120 143.9 135 151 54.3 46.5 386 385 116.4 109.5 95.9ap 102.7 83 94.7 P. nebrascensis Type 2780 A.M.N.H. Coll. No. 470 128 85 [ Vou. 8 : ef 3 A See g S) Bs Boam 8 SS8 & BN a£ Se gO | ge a 4a TAS) 502 540 230 250 12, eee 76 69 97(?) 89(?) 156 150ap 57 125ap 1G Oto 120 138ap 142ap =: 125ap 39 60(?) 378 ee 1200p" 22 96ap _...... 100 ee *Cockerell, T. D. A., A Fossil Ground-Sloth in Colorado, Univ. Colo. Studies, vol. 6, pp. 309-312, 2 pls., 1909. ap, approximate. 1914] Stock: Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea 327 DENTITION On the basis of the superior dentition the Rancho La Brea series of skulls may be divided into the following groups: 1. Skulls with five teeth on each side of the palate. 2. Skulls with five teeth on one side and four teeth on the opposite side of the palate. 3. Skulls with four teeth on each side of the palate. As has been indicated in an earlier publieation,® these groups seem to intergrade and they are now held to represent a single specific form. The superior tooth rows in most specimens do not diverge anter- iorly as much as in Mylodon robustus. In no. 21159 the divergence of the tooth rows approximates closely that in a skull of WM. robustus, considered by Lydekker* as belonging to a female individual. The first superior tooth, when present on both sides of the palate, is either circular or oval in cross-section and is recurved as in M. garmani. The extent to which this tooth may project from the alveolus varies considerably. In group two the first tooth may be present on either side of the palate and may vary in size without respect to the age of the individual. In no. 21158 the alveolus shows the tooth to have been quite diminutive. In group three the first tooth is absent on both sides of the palate as in Paramylodon nebrascensis. The second superior tooth (first molar of P. nebrascensis) is elliptical in cross-section and may vary somewhat in antero-posterior diameter. In WM. robustus the second tooth is not much larger than the first and is not elongated antero-posteriorly as in the North American species. In no. 21157 the right tooth is extremely elongated antero-posteriorly and has a deep median sulcus on the outer surface. The second tooth is recurved as in Brown’s specimen and in WM. gar- mam. The beveling of the anterior side of the triturating surface may extend backward to the middle of that surface. The distance between the first and second teeth is not as great in M. harlani as in M. robustus. The third superior tooth (second molar of P. nebrascensis) does not differ essentially from Brown’s description. The anterior side of the tooth may occasionally show a faint groove and the suleus on the outer posterior face may vary in depth. 6 Stock, C., The Systematie Position of the Mylodont Sloths from Rancho La Brea, Science (n.s.), vol. 39, pp. 761-763, 1914. 7 Lydekker, R., Contributions to a Knowledge of the Fossil Vertebrates of Argentina, Part 2, Extinct Edentates of Argentina, Anales del Museo de La Plata, Paleontologia Argentina, part 3, p. 79, pl. 49, fig. 2, 1894. 328 University of California Publications in Geology [ Vou. 8 The fourth superior tooth (third molar of P. nebrascensis) agrees generally with Brown’s specimen and resembles in outline the fourth alveolus in the Colorado skull. The tooth is usually less compressed antero-posteriorly than in M. garmani, a character already pointed out by Allen for the Colorado skull. In several skulls of the Rancho La Brea series, notably in no. 21155, the form of tooth in M. garmani is closely approached. The diameter through the middle of the tooth, from the inner anterior surface to the outer posterior surface, is never as small as in Allen’s specimen. In the fifth superior tooth (fourth molar of P. nebrascensis) the sulcus on the outer surface may vary in depth, causing the posterior lobe of the tooth to vary in symmetry. The tooth in M. robustus may also vary in shape, and is generally closer to the postpalatine notch than in the Rancho La Brea skulls. In no. 21172 the tooth is very similar to that in WM. garmani. The first inferior tooth may be reniform or oval in cross-section, depending on the depth of the inner suleus. The tooth is slightly curved postero-internally, and never projects as far above the jaw as in Brown’s specimen. In group one the triturating surface is beveled anteriorly and posteriorly where it meets the first and second superior teeth. In no. 21578, a lower jaw belonging to group two, the first lower tooth on the right side is beveled only posteriorly, while on the left side of the jaw the tooth is beveled anteriorly and posteriorly. The right tooth in this specimen is also more strongly curved postero- internally than the left tooth. In an individual (no. 21156) of group three the first lower teeth are not worn anteriorly but are well worn postero-internally. The second inferior tooth may closely resemble the corresponding tooth in M. garmani. The triturating surface is beveled postero- internally to a greater or less degree. In the third inferior tooth the antero-external angle appears never to be quite as prominent as in M. garmani, while the postero-internal angle may be stronger than in the latter species. The tooth varies somewhat in length and width of the triturating surface. The fourth inferior tooth is never as elongated antero-posteriorly as in M. garmani. The anterior lobe is always more or less oblique to the long axis of the tooth-row, while the posterior lobe may some- times be at right angles to it. The isthmus connecting the two lobes may develop an external crochet or much smaller middle lobe which 1914] Stock: Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea 329 MEASUREMENTS OF DENTITION S 3 ey a = 3 ca a a 3 5 os ‘t0 8 “1p 8 3 d | oO gn3 BRS gS SENG gee wae Bae dae aad ff 2x M’, antero-posterior diameter..... 20.5mm SiO@s eats 9 Ae esses 19 M’, transverse diameter ............ 20 S20 Mec acl see 27 15 41.3r M’, antero-posterior diameter... 28.8 30.9 OA are 29 36 athe M?’, transverse diameter ............ 20.7 15.4 15.8000. 15 17 M°, antero-posterior diameter... 26.4 26.2 26.3) secsczes 2 29.6 M°, transverse diameter ............ 26 22 Palligs} | aaa 23 24 M*, antero-posterior diameter... 22.7 23.8a 22.4 _...... 23 11 M‘, transverse diameter ............ 27.7 21.2a@ 24.7 25 35.5 M*, antero-posterior diameter.... 24.8 23.3a 20.2ap _........ 30 30.5 M’®, transverse diameter ............ 22.8 18.2a 20ap —........ 17 20 Length of superior series, 136.2r alveolar measurement ............ 153 117.20 126.3 °° ou... 133 160 z a ie EE ec ea AZ a M,, antero-posterior diameter... 23.7 23.5a 26.1 26.4 20 25 M,, transverse diameter ............ 20.2 14a 18.2 15.3ap 14 16 M., antero-posterior diameter... 28.4 26.6 27.8a 17.9 24 28 M,, transverse diameter ............ 23.4 20.8 19.54 21.1 22 22.4 M,, greatest diameter across occlusal surface ............2---.----- 33.8 até 26.3 29.5 31 35 M,, diameter of occlusal surface normal to greatest diameter 20ap 17.4 23ap 15.8 17 23 M,, antero-posterior diameter.... 50.4ap 51.6a 56.7 55.5 56.4 64 M,, greatest diameter of anterior 1 Ko) e = eee ene en ee eee PANO) eer 32.3 SIG) 7 eS 0 Ble M,, greatest diameter of pos- terior, Jobe: 22.2222. eon es olin neeeeees 24 232 Geese 23 Length of inferior series, alveolar measurement. .......... 145.3 1415 1495 2... 180 156 * Measurements after Leidy. a, alveolar measurement. ap, approximate. r, right side. l, left side. 330 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 varies in distinctness. In no. 21156, belonging to group three, this lobe is as distinct as in Brown’s specimen. In a younger individual (no. 21165) of the same group the third lobe is but faintly developed. The middle lobe of the fourth tooth appears to vary, however, in individuals of group three irrespective of age. In an adult (no. 21576) of group one the tendency toward development of a middle lobe is much more in evidence than in no. 21165, though the lobe is not nearly so prominent as in no. 21156. In the type specimen of M. harlani there is a suggestion of a third lobe, as already pointed out by Cockerell.® SPECIFIC COMPARISON WITH OTHER MYLODONT FORMS It is not proposed here to enter into a detailed comparison of all skull material of the Mylodontidae from North and South America. Determination of the ground-sloths has often been based upon parts of the skeleton other than the skull, and a discussion of the associated fragments of the skull and teeth involves a study of the entire skeletal structure. A full discussion of relationships of these forms is reserved for the final report. The genotype, Mylodon harlani, is a fragmentary right ramus with the last three teeth intact. The specimen was obtained from Big Bone Lick, Kentucky, and determined by Owen® in 1840. Figures of the type as given by Leidy'® were used in a comparison with the Rancho La Brea material. In size and form the teeth of the majority of the Rancho La Brea specimens agree closely with Mylodon harlani. The outer anterior face of the third tooth in lower jaws from the asphalt beds is usually slightly grooved. In the type this surface is represented as convex. The fourth tooth in no. 21576 strongly resembles the corresponding tooth in the type specimen. In 1895 Cope' described a superior series of teeth and an inferior tooth which he referred to Mylodon harlani. In the third superior 8 Cockerell, T. D. A., A Fossil Ground-Sloth in Colorado, Univ. Colo. Studies, vol. 6, p. 311, 1909. 9 Owen, R., The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, ete., Part 1, Fossil Mammalia, p. 68, pl. 17, figs. 3 and 4, 1840. 10 Leidy, J.. A Memoir on the Extinct Sloth Tribe of North America, Smith- son. Contrib. Knowl., vol. 7, pl. 14, figs. 1 and 2, pl. 16, fig. 19, 1855. 11 Cope, E. D., On Some Plistocene Mammalia from Petite Anse, La., Proce. Amer. Philos. Soe., vol. 34, pp. 458-468, pls. 10-12, 1895. 1914] Stock: Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea 331 tooth as reconstructed by Cope’? the width anteriorly is less in pro- portion to the greatest length of the tooth than in the Rancho La Brea series. The greatest width of the anterior lobe in the fifth superior tooth is twice the width of the posterior lobe. These dimensions are never reached in the Rancho La Brea skulls, and the tooth in Cope’s series apparently corresponds to a third superior tooth. Cope! also established a species, Mylodon renidens, to which he referred several upper and lower teeth from Petite Anse, Louisiana. The specific characters of the teeth of M. renidens noted by Cope he within the range of individual and age variations of the Rancho La Brea specimens. The third inferior tooth as described by Cope is identical with the corresponding tooth in skulls from the asphalt deposits. The beveling of the postero-internal angle of the third inferior tooth, given as characteristic of Mylodon sulcidens by Cope'* and noted in M. garmani by Allen, occurs also to a varying degree in the Rancho La Brea skulls. The fourth superior tooth of MW. sulcidens described and figured by Cope’? may possibly be a third inferior tooth. In the light of the previous meager knowledge of Mylodon harlani, the Nebraska skull described by Brown'® appeared entirely distinct. The Rancho La Brea collection, however, has demonstrated a surpris- ingly wide range of skull and dental variations. The characters noted by Brown in the skull and dentition of the Nebraska Mylodon are now seen to lie within the range of variation exhibited by the skull series of Mylodon harlani from the asphalt deposits. Some of the more salient features of the Nebraska specimen, as the absence of the first tooth on each side of the palate and the trilobate outline of the last inferior tooth may occur, also, in Mylodon harlani. There appears at present to be no single character or group of characters constant enough to warrant a subspecific separation of Brown’s specimen. Possibly the Nebraska skull represents a female individual. The ground-sloth recorded from near Walsenburg, Colorado, by Cockerell** does not differ essentially from the Rancho La Brea forms, 12 Cope, HE. D., op. cit., pl. 10, fig. 1e, 1895. 13 Cope, E. D., op. cit., pp. 460-462, pl. 10, fig. 3, pl. 11, figs. 5 and 6, 1895. 14 Cope, E. D., op. cit., p. 463, 1895. 15 Cope, E. D., op. cit., p. 463, pl. 11, figs. 7, 7a and 7b, 1895. 16 Brown, B., A New Genus of Ground Sloth from the Pleistocene of Nebraska, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 29, pp. 569-583, pls. 50-51, 1903. 17 Cockerell, T. D. A., A Fossil Ground-Sloth in Colorado, Univ. Colo. Studies, vol. 6, pp. 309-312, 2 pls., 1909. 332 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 and is no doubt specifically identical with them. The writer agrees with Allen’s determination of the Walsenburg specimen as M. harlani. The Colorado skull described by Cockerell exceeds in length the largest specimen in the Rancho La Brea series by 27mm. and is, therefore, the largest skull of M. harlani yet reported. This extensive elongation may account for the greater distance between the last alveolus and the postpalatine notch than in Brown’s specimen, though the distance does not appear to depend entirely on the elongation of the skull. The pterygoids in the Rancho La Brea skulls are normally as prominent as in Brown’s specimen and are possibly broken in the Colorado skull. Although the skull of Mylodon garmani as described by Allen*® is apparently distinct from the Rancho La Brea series, certain of its characters are closely approached in specimens from the asphalt beds. M. garmani differs principally in the extremely narrowed cranial por- tion of the skull and in the antero-posterior elongation of the last inferior tooth. The depth of the mandible below the front teeth and the height of the anterior end of the symphysis are characters equally marked in no. 21576 of the Rancho La Brea skulls. The greatest pre- dental width across the symphysis of the lower jaw in M. harlani may be less than that in M. garmani or may exceed the measurement in that species. In general the fourth superior tooth in skulls from Rancho La Brea is not as much compressed antero-posteriorly as in M. garmani. The configuration of the last superior tooth may, how- ever, be very closely, if not exactly approached in one (no. 21172) of the skulls of WZ. harlan. From the great amount of variation shown in the dentition of the mylodont sloths from the asphalt deposits, it appears unsafe to base primary specific differences on the size or form of the teeth. ; The Rancho La Brea skulls are generally larger and relatively more slender than the South American species, Mylodon robustus, described by Owen... In the South American species the muzzle reaches its greatest width at the anterior end of the skull, while in M. harlani the muzzle widens at about the middle and narrows again at the anterior end. Posteriorly the supra-orbital region widens more 18 Allen, G. M., A New Mylodon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél. Harv. Coll., vol. 40, pp. 319-346, 4 pls., 1913. 19 Owen, R., Description of the Skeleton of an Extinct Gigantic Sloth, Mylodon robustus, Owen, with Observations on the Osteology, Natural Affinities, and Probable Habits of the Megatherioid Quadrupeds in General (London), 4 to., 176 pp., 24 pls., 1842. 1914] Stock: Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea O30 in M. robustus than in M. harlani, and the dorsal surface of the cranium is wider in the former species. The superior tooth-rows in M. harlani generally show less diverg- ence anteriorly, and the last upper tooth is usually situated farther from the postpalatine notch than in M. robustus. In the South American species the first superior tooth may vary in size, but appears never to have been absent on either side of the palate as in M. harlani. The first tooth is also separated from the second superior tooth by a larger interval than in the North American species. The second superior tooth is smaller than in the Rancho La Brea skulls and is not so pronouncedly elongated antero-posteriorly. The lower jaw in Mylodon robustus is generally of greater depth below the anterior teeth, and the predental region is of greater width than in Mylodon harlani. The South American genus Grypotherium, originally described by Owen,”° and later determined on more complete skull material by Reinhardt,*' differs from Mylodon harlani principally in possessing at the anterior end of the skull a bony arcade connecting the nasals with the premaxillaries. The lengthening of the skull in front of the superior teeth is associated with an extreme forward extension of the lower jaw anterior to the first inferior tooth. In mandibles belonging to individuals of M. harlani having the reduced superior dentition, the extension of the jaw anterior to the first inferior tooth is no greater than in individuals having the normal dentition. The reduction in the superior dentition to four teeth on each side of the palate, con- sidered by Reinhardt,?? Woodward,** and others as being generically distinctive of Grypotherium, is seen to occur, also, in Mylodon harlam. In Grypotherium the superior tooth-rows diverge less anteriorly and the teeth, on the whole, have more simple outlines than in M. harlani. 20 Owen, R., The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, ete., Part 1, Fossil Mammalia, pp. 68-73, pl. 17, fig. 5, pl. 18, pl. 19, figs. 1-4, 1840. 21 Reinhardt, J., Beskrivelse af Hovedskallen af et Kaempedovendyr, Grypo- therium darwinti, fra La Plata-Landenes plejstocene Dannelser, Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., 5. Raekke, naturvidenskabelig og mathematisk Afd. Bd. 12, 4, pp. 351-380, 2 Tav., Copenhagen, 1879. 22 Reinhardt, J., op. cit., p. 365, 1879. 23 Woodward, A. 8., On Some Remains of Grypotherium (Neomylodon) listai and Associated Mammals from a Cavern near Consuelo Cove, Last Hope Inlet, Patagonia, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 73, 1900. a. ¥ 334 University of California Publications in Geology [ Vou. 8 cP asp CONCLUSIONS The mylodont skull series from Rancho La Brea is considered to represent Mylodon harlani Owen, a species common in the Pleistocene of North America. The species Mylodon harlani exhibits an extensive range of varia- tion in skull and dental characters. ’ For the present it does not seem possible to separate from WM. harlani the Nebraska specimen described by Brown as Paramylodon nebrascensis. The Paramylodon skull possibly belongs to a female individual. 7 No mylodont species clearly separable from M. harlani is known to occur in the asphalt beds of Rancho La Brea. Tea, te by yas Davi Louderback, with : coe C ESSER = aS SE ETC PEER EE a a ae RE ee Re EMER Oa oe 2 AED Goer oie 2 30c Myriopods and Insects ‘of California, by Fordyce Grinnell, Jr.........21..... 10e e Osteology of the Thalattosaurian Genus N ectosaurus, by John C. SUSE LScoe pe goer BOSE SCE CEE ER CSE S e caSae coy EEE PP eee Pte ee oie oie a Earn a, re ae 10e Some California Minerals, iby Srthur Siichalde. hs ee eae ee ae 15¢ ‘on a Collection of Fossil Mammals from Virgin Valley, Nevada, by James Thy s ceiuisis, (Gitta gs tee 00 I SIS 2 OE eo i A ia RR CAG PR Magli oO. J es '10e Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of the San Pablo Formation in Middle California, _ by Charles E. Weaver 25¢ , New Echinoids from the Tertiary of California, by Charles E. Weaver 5e , Notes on Echinoids from the Tertiary of California, by R. W. Pack.....1¢--.--..---------+ 10¢ Pavo californicus, a Fossil Peacock from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho Slip Mea a Pyel yO: ELOlMeS: Miller 2520S. nts acd Sascle went ann snsecgndseonconoegeeconesetiater ebemteesan ' 5e The Skull and Dentition of au Extinct Cat closely allied to Felis atrox Leidy, by | Di OP NG IE og ERS ee ee Se SSE EN ee a Ser UR pee SI 15¢ ‘Teratornis, a New Avian Genus, from Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller...... 10¢ ‘he Oceurrence of Strepsicerine Antelopes in the Tertiary of Northwestern _ Nevada, by John ©. Merriam... i... oes eceeceecneececcnaesen cen enenecannneceescesennecneeeneomenaes 10c Benitoite, Its Paragenesis and Mode of Oceurrence, by Georgé Davis Louderback, _ with chemical analyses by Walter C. Blasdale......2. 22. ccsccscseccceececteeseeeeseenecneeeeeees TBC The Skull and Dentition of a Primitive Iehthyosaurian from the Middle Triassic, Se DDN ar TAR OSS oie Vee sso eee eo * Mammalia from Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam An Aplodont Rodent from the Tertiary of Nevada, by Eustace L. Furlong............ 10e Evesthes jordani, a Primitive Flounder from the Miocene of California, by James, ac Cita ey ciay GD ayer iP MR el ok ee eat PaaS Ol a canes? enen EO 15e The Probable Tertiary Land Connection between Asia and North America, by Cel Teo ogee et a IR op 2 i nna aR SE SRB 10¢ Rodent Fauna of the Late Tertiary Beds at Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek, Nevada, Logger (a TSU ECE Dope es a aes ee ee See a re ey EL eee 15¢ -Wading.Birds from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho La Brea, by Loye BMT OUMIOB ENNIO, 2: anette a esc sass aecananete cnn on semen esate aenee aevecenenncecenenenenenenenenesecentnsntcensnenenencecneesncnens 10e VOLUME 6. ~ 1. The Condor-like Vultures of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller-ce..-.-ssscssccsss-- 156 Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part I.—Geologie History...............-...-.ce--ssceee-seeee 50e The Geology of the Sargent Oil Field, by William F. Jones «.........2.2-..2sceceeeeeeeees 25¢ po cditions to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene Deposits at Fossil Lake, Oregon, by Bette eretiolares! MirWier cos veteran eT SEs Sedge teeateeet ect acnetcbeseaptbscar simon Moneta 10c he Geomorphogeny of the Sierra Nevada Northeast of Lake Tahoe, by John A. Reid 60¢ ote on a Gigantic Bear from the Pleistocene of Rancho La paren) by John C. 4 _ Merriam. 7. A Collection of Mammalian Remains from Tertiary Beds on ‘ile Mohave Desert, by John C. Merriam. DN OL esTN le 7 UT NN? COV CT ge eee an Aton co es a acocinnn titan eaethtrcue Rane soneeracthcc-saaeaadecnscners et mtcce 10c he Stratigraphic and F'aunal Relations of the Martinez Formation to the Chico and Tejon North of Mount Diablo, by Roy E. Dickerson .....-.....-..-..-.--.-:::e--s0ce0e= 5e eocolemanite, a Variety of Colemanite, and Howlite from Lang, Los Angeles Ponty acalitonnia. oy Arthur |S gllalcley sce eo. Sie ae en So Banante- contented oumaen 10¢ li , A New Antelope from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Walter P. Taylor... 5c 11. Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern Nevada, by John CO. Merriam. Part Il—Vertebrate Paunas ...........--.-c-cscessecesesseee 1.00 12. A Series of Eagle Tarsi from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes ; | MTIIGS mee Ocoee a leet a MEI AF SI TS see WAG Sas eR Me Se 10¢ fotes on the Relationships of the Marine Saurian Fauna Deseribed from the Triassic of Spitzbergen by Wiman, by John C. Merriam. Notes on the Dentition of Omphalosaurus, by John C. Merriam and Harold C. Bryant. INOS eelicy get teat At TEA OTC CO VOT oa ee se op ockt an wn tec set ntea seven Sa cae au rasan Da Stenendnnattee ches factotp asses 150 15. Notes on the Later Cenozoie History of the Mohave Desert Region in Southeastern California, by Charles Laurence Baker ........-----cse--cs--cce-ecececceseccesseceeeeceeetneentnercneenene 50e } avifauna of the Pleistocene Cave Deposits of California, by Loye Holmes Miller... 15¢ Fossil Beaver from the Kettleman Hills, California, by Louise Kellogg ................ NG 4 Goteeon the Genus Desmostylus of Marsh, by John Cr Merriam! (iya os ee. es 10e he Elastie- Rebound Theory of Earthquakes, 6 Harry Bieldine TERED bape a Pelee AP 25¢ NON ee vehi ER ee of) Doe oo el 15, AT. . Skull and Dentition of the Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea, by Chest: « He Minbb ale of Tonopah, id . Pseudostratification in Santa Barbara County, California, by G . Recent Discoveries of Carnivora in the Pleistoce . The Neocene Section at Kirker Pass on the North Side of Mount D: . Contributions to Avian Palaeontology from the Pacifie Coast of Worth . Fauna from the Type Locality of the Monterey Series in California, by gee . Pleistocene Rodents of California, by Louise Kellogg .......-......--c0 phim Nal . Supplementary Notes on Fossil Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl Hugh Beal .. . Fauna of the Eocene at Marysville Buttes, California, by Roy E. Dickerson ish 1 . Notes on Seutella norrisi and Sevtaster puder teat by Robert w. Pack ....... : The Skull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by 5, The Potrographie Designation of Alluvial Fan Formations, by Andrew C. Lawson... 6. A Peculiar Horn or Antler from the Mohave Miocene of California, by John C. Mer- sancwomeens . Nothretherium and Megalonyx from the Pleistocene of Southern California, by . Notes on the Canid Genus Tephrocyon, by John C. Merriam .......-1-.1.- oat ane . Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle California, by John . Recent Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of the Pleistocene Bone Deposits . Preliminary Report on the Horses of Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam ............ . New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by John CG. 3. New Protohippine Horses from Tertiary Beds on the Western Border of the Mohave . Pleistocene ‘Beds at Manix in the Eastern Mohave Desert Region, by John i . The Problem of Aquatic Adaptation in the Carnivora, as Illustrated in the “Oste. . Is the Boulder ‘‘Batholith’’ a Laccolith? A Problem in Ore-Genesis, by Andrew . Note on the Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, by Roy E. Dickerson. ..... ea = . Bird Remains from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, by Loye Holmes | . Tertiary Echinoids of the Carrizo Creek Region in the Colorado Desert, by W: . Fauna of the Martinez Hocene of California, by Roy Ernest Dickerson ....... Pa 4 . Ore Deposition in and near Intrusive Rocks by Meteoric Waters, by An NS O©8F NO oP . The Occurrence of Tertiary Mammalian Remains in Northeastern Nevada, by . The Martinez Eocene and Associated Formations at Roek Creek on the WwW evade, by Acie . Hake! fe back Meerrtaamn 622-2... Siete Base ob hee in od eA Rc a ae Tan) Cat os. nick- tan Sete diode panos atpe ae See et bes eee ee ene ee a a Toye Holimes: WirWen yrs ocebicd ses epeeeysedeeraece- oP ieher saree Physiography and Structure of the Western E] Paso Rang Nevada, by .Charles Laurence Baker 02.0... secsssecsceons-caronunsnomesieee Tapir Remains from Late Cenozoic Beds of the Pacifie Coast Region, by Je Merriam... occ bcs R01 BRR Ee ee nie, Ch ee reo a wenn The Monterey Series in California, by George Davis Louderback seeeneceneennnannsesnneannettnn, John. G, Meerrtabany oie Se 0a sain See ee ee Me eat EN TVA IR > oon. ..n---nnecedpnbanencecemmeee gee ae once een dpapmaelony onpav en ete = as He mpi eho aa ae ee Che@stter Ste | ani cine eee phen neck ates seme sept a seep eae a ge wget ON) 107: gin ths en aes I DR une PRP REERD ESD a NMA EB et annee s oMl Leumeeemine pei iiconengepoaets of Rancho La Brea, by Reginald C. Stoner -...02.2-...tescesc-sceceenensnceccneeneee an babasepetctodees Merriam, | ions oncicesennp acne citicneneerennpnnn dates ee neah pan toate nee ne ee Desert; by John C.) Merriam 1....).00 ee i NE eal nirs 3 Bu wale oececcteccecci ese acenes nse oncune date bemendon ete ber ann enna ancien a aa ology and Evolution of the Sea-Ofter, by Walter P. Taylor ...--.--csceccncne-e Bar a) VOLUME 8. 2 e+ La wSOmh 222.05. Sse as castes nde leas Bena a a cD Teeth of a Cestraciont Shark from the Upper Triassic of Northern California, Harold ©, Baryart |... c-cespsegect-cclen eecee eee cee SEE Rae We ai a eth ae Se nis ee Be OW ROW ono cen ond. wanmcabiens Stan cae sce cpus etiam bee aeecle ti fee no ae a ag wile Deseription~ of New Species of Fossil Mollusca from the Later Marine Nopeeae California, by Bruce Martin) ..22c53..5. ha ae ee ere ee ‘The Fernando Group near Newhall, California, by Walter A. English... PsA WS OW aan ibys mening bade da en ERLE ho eo dec op Re oe co ese a The Agasoma-like Gastropods of the California Tertiary, by Walter A. English. C... Merriiany fe et te ee ee ne ra Ay Border of the Mohave Desert Area, by Roy E. Diekerson -..-.-2 a q New Molluscan Species from the Martinez Eocene of Southern ‘California, : Ey Diek @rsom | f.2. 5. s.-51-1--seee ht Lee, RR oe ae a a Notes on the Copper Ores at Ely, Nevada, by Alfred R. Whitman -...2. Issued December 31, 1914 S : 7 eg LERTII RY MAMMAL BEDS__OF. STEWART AND _ TONE VALLEYS | IN WEST-CENTRAL NEVADA 2 Genn’b. RUWALDA ~ iS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS _ BERKELEY eations of learned societies and instijutions, univiersities an all publications and other information, a/ dress the Mz California, U. S. A. All matter seiit in exchange should be addres Department, University Library, Berkeley, Califor Norg.—The University of cine Publieatiqne are offe \, Nag " UNIVERSITY oF CZ LIE the publications of the University will be sent upon zaraene, ager of the Uniy ia, U. S. A. Orro HARRASSOWITZ R, FRIEDIAENDER LuIPzi¢ ines BERLIN — Agent for the series in Americajn Arch- Agent for the series in A aeology and Ethnology, Classical Philology, aeology and Ethnology, Ag Feonomies, Education, History, |Moderr , Botany, Geology, | ee ee Philology, Philosophy, Psyehology, , | Physiology, Zoology, and Memoirs, Geology.—Anprew C. Lawson and JouNn C, Merriam, Editors. Price per ‘und er. Ore Oo Olt co In oO BRAY Primitive Ichthyosaurian Limb from the Middle Triassie of Nevada, by Joba. . Geological Section of the Coast Ranges North of the Bay of San Franciseo, by — 4, Areas of the California Neocene, by Vance C, Osim... -ceccen..2co-ccsceanseubeesssteeneeseanes onan 7. New Mammalia from the , Caves of California, by William J, Sinclair — 3, Preptoceras, a New Ungulate from the Samwel ‘ave, are by Eustace L. a, . A New Sabre-tooth from California, by John C. Merriau ......... a . The Strueture and Genesis of the Comstock Lode,|by John A. Reid... “eee ’ The Differential Thermal Conductivities of Certain Schists, by Paul Thelen... -§ . Sketeh of the Geology of Mineral King, Californis, by A. Knopf and P. Thelen... . Cold Water Belt Along the West Coast of the Un . The Copper Deposits of the Robinson Mining Dis . The Geomorphic Features of the Middle Kern, by Andrew C, Lawson......... . Notes on the Foothill Copper Belt of the Sierra Wevjada, by) A. Knopf. . An Alteration of Coast Range Serpentine, by A. Knopf. _ . The Geomorphogeny of the Toeen Valley System, by Andrew C. Lawson... . Carnivora from the Tertiary Formations of she J ‘phn Day Region, by John (¢ . Some Edentatelike Remains from the Maseall Feds of Oregon, _b . New Cestraciont Teeth from the West American fee 3a by Edua M. Wer . Preliminary Note on a New Marine Reptile vce the Middle Triassie of I . The Fossil Fishes of California, with Supplementary Not Volumes I (om 435), IT (pp. 450), IIL (pp. 475), IV (pp. 462), WV (pp. 448), Uy tom VI (pp. 454), and VII (pp. 500),\completed. Vol, VIIL in progress. . { Cited as Univ. Calif. (Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Volume 1, 1893-1896, 435 pp., with 18 plates, price: 2..2.......4: eee ae Volume 2, 1896-1902, 450 pp., with 17! plates and 1 map, wise Volume 3, 1902-1904, 482 pp., with 51 plates, price . A list of the titles in volumes 1, 2 and 3 will be Pay upon request. VOLUME 4. ae Geology of the Upper Region of the Main Walker River, Nevada, by Dwight Brmithe: oon. cenccactewsceenspooedncutvecccnplmetuesimentantae oneimn see tet asiesh a de ocean oe ennneneecanereseaecnsotpO of nn Renee ne een neem anew nena: QD. MCP rn © seneccacseted--sdeandae leeuactan- ibe bengmuaee dks a Lance RSs case een | sstreene WiC. OSM nt ye nccccpesnaeec Beno bieabiesahip tea ndace ab decckeyavast snvasdececente Mea egaeee cea ae) ae onsen 40, Contribution to the Palaeontology of the Martinez Group, by Charles E. ‘Wooten ‘ew or Imperfectly Known Kodents and Ungulates from the John Day Series, by” William. J. (Simetair. .........22 Se Acok peccste eae teeec reece iar aa ae = : Furloy ng es nneeccecnneemcerge aaa ited States, by Ruliff 8S, Ho = Nevada, by knit J THA WSON © osc cesntcnnscedte ccs anal gene nencvcnasdersnlipuie insu as\lacypiaan cobb Dia \ ele ottas Sole A ee aa I, Contribution to the Classification of the Amphibcles. TI. On Some Glaucophane Schists, Syenites, ete., by |G. Murgoci Nos; 27 and 18 dn ONC COVED. cic. en coccscccseteentotaccns Necous bwecatendas Ao mmewesnsde}eeaman eee seorseeneee VOLUME 5 Ug othr: a env ain eee Rete tae, AERP OT. Fn ree ee alk Sinclair. . Fossil Mollusea from the John Day and Maseall fee of Oregon,, by Robert Be Stearns. Nos.’ 2) ad S ‘In ome Cover... ..ac.giccos.csteteecaees. | ieee oaae vos eae toma oah ge bean adshiain by John C. Merriam... co... nsetsecbosececndteoncadeae « poap-nerenae actnnes etenanesoneny)strsnasesia dea Notes on Lawsonite, Columbite, Beryl, Barite, and Caleite, \by =a Hee 8B on er Speci extinet Fishes, by David Starr Jordan Fish Remains from the Marine Lower Triassiqgof Aspen Goddard. ie eee sssoseseseanenntonscnnesamssensenesecntane be oo ahs ate UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 19, pp. 335-363, pls. 32-38 Issued December 31, 1914 TERTIARY MAMMAL BEDS OF STEWART AND IONE VALLEYS IN WEST-CENTRAL NEVADA BY JOHN P. BUWALDA CONTENTS PAGE aiGTROGUCHIO MY otusres eesee ats toe Mee ete eh esa hs OBO Geographic Heatures of the Region --..2.-...........<2..c:.s:ccesceceecenseseeseceeeceseeecsssaecseseeceee 336 Greologiymotathe me gt om tree 28 ae Siena eae wrasse ceca tec dove eee cn scececsasteeeses 33 (Oars ee INU Wa EET aera 338 HEUTE St OTC spre ceeee eae ce eee Nasa arco CN oe cet ge Sea Ste es eee eer ocee Ao SeE pene Sp ee 338 Gran ary PlM CTU SUVICS feces sce fee fee se2) oe eee 2 sce st ecco se anec bee be ecco ne see sees ctecee ce saeteceete 340 OE ISI ee ev Er 340 SS beweuuman Castor e Via liye eee seks seye cee cs Sects eh eee eases, RU Hea aads ees tlcctie 341 Wimdenliva os SEV CKiS dee ce-cccccs cee actoaececzezass:ceeca sve corse. fe ca scssciecelbfeec iti eaisseeeaseseeeecte 341 fBlsmmera day Woxcriattl oni eccc.s32-ocajeaceccosssdssecseesencdstsCrsevscovectsopusfoses-oucveenecsestoresnte 342 NOSES Sen) 01 66 Pe ee ee Se ee 343 Leg AX Ca i i ee 344 PIAL C CSS eee seeeta ncn as earns. ce eeeessetic soca ee ie ees N Sales at ase eZ sete eee 347 Siimaibromayp nics Re lablOmS; meses ance cele eee eee ae ee eee 348 ASSL ADU Dc) ses le EO ee 348 INgenbtinel Tewrner, Pew ael (Olop arte MMO, eee ree errs pe ee 350 Hil PLOT eT a bee arab] Ce = seez sec tee areas nee oso ese setae eee eres ese apogee eeec acess eases BOL SoubhernaGrabsmviallieny, igi oust ccs 2. ceeee es seeeee as taceeo venues sSeetetezecescvetesecs 353 EehiyiSi.0 Ovary WUC ELT St OT yee. stecec-scsetece hee css oe, So ccee ccs leeccecasceeess dusenceutacsceceeseeesatecseszeen-ves 355 Physical Conditions During Upper Miocene Time -.......2.2022222..2.2022222.2-20002----- 359 Geoloouvembistomy, of the: Regios 2c. ccceec ec ce ccs cce ce cceceeecoeeeseeenceecaceseecceenecesceceeeese-s0 361 INTRODUCTION The following paper is based upon observations made by Mr. Charles Laurence Baker and the writer in the course of a brief exam- ination of the region about Cedar Mountain, Mineral County, west- central Nevada, during parts of May and June, 1912, and upon facts gathered by the writer during a reconnaissance, in June, 1914, south- 336 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 ward from the area previously studied. The chief object of the expe- dition was the collection of mammalian fossils from Tertiary deposits of the region for the Department of Palaeontology of the University of California. The geologic results herein presented are therefore not to be regarded as being based upon a thorough investigation of the region. They are, however, considered of sufficient interest to be presented for record. The field-work in 1912 was done jointly by Mr. Baker and the writer, but the pressure of other duties made it impossible for Mr. Baker to prepare the results for publication. Credit is due Mr. Baker for the large part of the field-work accomplished by him, and the writer wishes to acknowledge with gratitude his indebtedness for the results of that work. For any errors in this paper the writer alone should be held responsible. The photographs used for illustration are all by Mr. Baker. No reference descriptive of the geology of Cedar Mountain and the adjacent portions of Stewart and Ione valleys has been found in the hterature. Attention was called to the presence of mammalian fossils in the Cedar Mountain region by Mr. J. Holman Buck of Mina, Nevada, whose valuable assistance in the field-work, and in the pointing out of fruitful collecting localities previously discovered by him, is grate- fully acknowledged. The writer is indebted to Professor A. C. Lawson and to Professor G. D. Louderback for aid and advice. For the opportunity of engag- ing in the study of the region and for much helpful criticism and counsel the writer is under obligations to Professor J. C. Merriam, under whose general direction the work was prosecuted. GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE REGION The Cedar Mountain region is situated in Mineral County, west- central Nevada, and lies in the western part of the Great Basin (pl. 32). It is about twenty miles northeast of Mina, Nevada, the nearest railroad point, and is about thirty-five to fifty miles east of the southern end of Walker Lake. It is shown on the western half of the United States Geological Survey Topographic Sheet of the Tonopah Quadrangle. UNIV, CALIF. PUBL. BULL. DEPT, GEOL. [BUWALDA] VOL. 8, PL. 32 ne CREEK VIRGIN VALLEY UTAH CEDAR MOUNTAIN ~ SIEGERT TUFF ~. cet FORMATHON rey A Se cry We Outline map, indicating situation of the Esmeralda formation of west- central Nevada and of certain other Tertiary deposits of the Great Basin. 1914] Buwalda: Tertiary Mammal Beds in West-Central Nevada 337 The Cedar Mountain area here discussed comprises parts of two relatively broad valleys, trending roughly north and south, and parts of certain rather prominent mountain ranges separating the valleys (pl. 33). The most easterly of the two valleys is the southward con- tinuation of Ione Valley proper, and will be considered as part of it; the westerly one is the southward extension of Stewart Valley, and will be referred to as part of that vallev. To the east of Ione Valley are the Shoshone Mountains, rising to a maximum height of about 9500 feet; between Ione and Stewart valleys lie the northern end of Cedar Mountain and the southern end of the Paradise Range. enitoite, Its Paragenesis and Mode of Occurrence; by George Davis Louderback, with chemical analyses by Walter C. Blasdale............-..-..-..-ccscsecececeeteeeceseceepeneeeseens 75¢ Kull and\Dentition of a Primitive Tehthyosaurian from the Middle Triassic, Bini @aMinrriara kita. 8 Rou, BU aioe sce eee Senden SRE SR Rea 10e Aplodont Rodent from the Tertiary of Nevada, by Eustace L, Furlong... 10¢ thes jordani, a Primitive Flounder from the Miocene of California, by James _ . Probable entiary:, Land Connection between Asia and North America, by E CU) 0) SU SG oT) reece cco 10e ent. Fauna ‘of the Late Tertiary Beds at Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek, ‘ Lge), jo Thy dbase WSS ede laf ds ee See Rp © ORES Coe =e UE ER tee te Ey cere 15¢ eB Birds from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho La Brea, by Loye ~ ol is Miller .2238% Ries dah se pas Fis ORR eR SOiceran te SPRY <2 Me EE nee ee eS 5 1 O¢ VOLUME 6. : tiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern _ Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part I.—Geologie History 2 50¢ ‘The Geology of the Sargent Oil Field, by William F. Jones Additions to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene Deposits at Fossil Lake, ‘Oregon, by Muoyer Holmes Miler a... 2 neon n-nccnnnctendsc sneeceaeeenereensnncenneneeonntingaesueneresaearisnesntece qeesaarearneetee 10¢ 1 Geomorphogeny of the Sierra Nevada Northeast of Lake Tahoe, by J ohn A. Reid 60c Note on a Gigantic Bear from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by John C, Merriam. Collection of Mammalian Remains from Tertiary Beds on the Mohave Desert, ~ tby John C. Merriam. ms Betigrin’ (GUERNSEY fence Gon ERR Oe neh oer oe creer meals | ATTIRE ASR LAU. Re I ee a eo 10¢ The Stratigraphic and Faunal Relations of the Martinez Formation to the Chico - and Tejon North of Mount Diablo, by Roy BE. Dickerson ..:....-..-----.2--1-s-s-1-e- 5e 9. Neocolemanite, a Variety of Colemanite, and Howlite from Lang, Los Angeles — - County, California, Raye rt iin Sia Kile eget ase ee ye atest eee cne sade sear eevee sees ecenceermneds 10¢ New Antelope from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Walter P. Taylor... 5¢ Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern “a Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Part II. —Vertebrate Faunas ..i.sscsccscscccsencns-vseseeee 1.00 _A Series of Eagle Tarsi from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes ‘tes on the Relationships of the Marine Saurian Fauna Described from the Triassic of Spitzbergen by Wiman, by John C. Merriam. Notes on the Dentition of Omphalosaurus, by John C. Merriam and Harold C. wit . INGapaloe ane NaeimuOMe, CONCTH eee ie) ily cvacetnanese ae en tnnec sheets Uae vnas carn aeedte ac saceca 15¢ 5. Notes on the Later Cenozoic History of the Mohave Desert Region in Souheastann Sr@nlitornia, by ‘Charles Laurence) Baler i. -: cna se soto chcececncctenen nope ceotggehsceceenneocnedanpeceeconuters 50¢ vifauna of the Pleistocene Cave Deposits of California, by Loye Holmes Miller... 15¢ Fossil Beaver from the Kettleman Hills, California, by Louise Kellogg ................ 5e es on the Genus Desmostylus of Marsh, by John ©. Merriam ........2.....--..--+- 10¢ Th Plapite-Beb ord eee of Earthquakes, by ge Fielding Reid (css OWE Ca» SS a Ue 2" a nee ane OS 10e Brea, by Leye Holmes Miller ............ Pre esectas elk int adh TOM a eee Sha ab ber evada, by John C. Merriam... seis cee eeccsnesceeesene ston eeeeeeeceenneeseetntenetnaasectoncs 5. b0e. Mammalia from Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam ano A Rg og PAW ee ae aan Se couatoles {ugh #{ GHITPANSY) 7 SANG Sa SSRN oS San eA ye iM ee ei Res ete eA de: 3 “Condor-like Vultures of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Medien eee 156 DLE SSE ce caterer ace man eb 2 ES RRR a RO eae a ee eee 10e ea bis Sa : 1, The Minerals of Tonopah, Ne cade, by Arthur: 8. Bakle jeeasteaniee 2. Pseudostratification in Santa) Barbara County, Galitomiay by 6 Dac 5 yi. N teen . 3. Recent Discoveries of Migrniamy pee 3 beso ace 4, The Neoceve Section at L. Clark 5. Contributions to Avian, Palaeontology from the Pacifie Coast of None Loye Holmes Millleny <22f5 oc acsic. 2 .ccuelcsspeoanteee sneer eebapa teas seo tpnane: ieee ena ‘ : 6. Physiography and Structure of the Western Bl Paso Range and the ect : Nevada, by Charles Umaurence Baker ici citi.ntcscem---ctesnecaneseareestesnane ene 7. Fauna from the Type Lovality of the Monterey Series in California, by Bruce M 8. Pleistocene Rodents of Valifornia, by Louise Kellogg .........-2--s-sscnceneeeneens 5th 9. Tapir Remains from Late Cenozoic Beds of the Pacifie Coast Region, by John Gs i. Merritt, sovic. its seteabnsccesbleabacwdtbeaarec odes adtacnce marital, ik tisn ame tenes et ee jeclcnadee igo 10 10. The Monterey Series in Dalifomis, by George Davis Louderback: ........... Laat 11, Supplementary Notes on Fossil Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl Hugh Beal. I i — ee ee — Ge 4 Ot. Reb are So 90 . Fauna of the Eocene at Marysville Buttes, California, by Roy E. Diekerson .......... . Notes on Seutella norrisi and Scutaster Bian Fe) by Robert W, Paek 2.2 53ae . The Skull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by . The Petrographie Designation of Alluvial Fan Formations, by Andrew C. La i . A Peculiar Horn or Antler from the Mohave Miocene of California, by John C. PLATO asia chon nclunnp vee oopeenenthecgaenilteckbeettpeacdecophueashcaa hae bea a ee a wey . Nothrotherium and/ Megalonyx from the Pleistocene of Southern California a . Notes on the Canid Genus Tephrocyon, by John C. Merriam -.0.-2...-2-.-cccccseseceneen . Vertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle California, by ‘John . Recent Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of the Pleistocene Bone Deposits . Preliminary Repoxt on the Horses of Ranch» La Brea, by John C. Merriam ........ . New Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by John C.- . New Protohippine Horses from Tertiary Beds on the Western Border of the Mobave . . Pleistocene Beds. at Manix in the Eastern Mohave Desert Region, by John P BR. ae . The Problem of Aquatic Adaptation in the Carnivora, as Illustrated in the Oste- . The Occurrence of Tertiary Mammalian Remains in Northeastem Nevada, . New Molluscan Species from the Martinez Eocene of Southern California, . A Proboscidean ‘Tooth from the Truckee Beds of Western Ne ada, by J . Notes oa the Copper Ores at Ely, Nevada, by Alfred R. Whitman .. é . Skull and Dentition of the Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea, by Che sie . Tertiary Mammal Beds of Stewart and fone bigeye: in West-Central Nevag Johan, | Cr Merriam, 02.3... cake peteccosesonnunsveuseeebaap ace ceken doaecin Mabe ar hea ea ae minensnenaenenne Chester Stock) tt 2.0503) a he ee irs 0 C. Merriam cfc betel es... Poke sen clis cde ataecasc eastaceece eek a eee) aa tae ae of Rancho La Brea, by Reginald C. Stoner Merriam) 22sec sch ey etch ee otic an gkpidnc oon eee la eae ee, ee | i sy Desert, by Johni@, Merriam {vss A ee BY: 8 a Butwalda .....cvcnnclbbas bee ek i ce 8 ee eS Ue jb ele ology and Evolution of the Sea-Otter, by Walter P. Taylor ........2-- tu cciectrsessmue Index in press. wiu VOLUME 8. 1. Is the Boulder ‘‘Batholith’’ 2 Laccolith? A Probiem in Ore-Genesis, by Andrew CS WROTE snes o ncn nny anctnewe opener aca cnnct cet ecngd ine «anf MeS= Sad up 2 a ipa 2. Note on the Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, by Roy HB. Dickerson -.....-ta:scec\eoet 3. Teeth of a Cestraciont Shark from the Upper Triassie of Northern COREE a Harold..@. Bryant's... peal | ee 4. Bird Remains from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, by Loye Holmes 1 5. Tertiary Echinoids of the Carrizo Creek Region in the Colorado Desert, by W Bo Wee VIR O WW ois cc csenwensnenan Semeseenetnap antes ad fotpe sat Se idk ees ae sas oe Le ee Pee 6. Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California, by Roy Ernest Dickerson -2.0..0.2..1./5. 9 7. Deseription~ of New Species of Fossil Mollusea from the Later Marine Neocene fo California, ‘by Bruce. Martin ».i.400 2-0. 005 ee ten ee sasenneecte 8. The Fernando Group near Newhall, California, by Walter A. English........ eet 9. Ore Deposition in and near Intrusive Rocks by Meteorie Waters, by Amiga f TA WSOD |) ess nnctdes Seb aesthioses adephs hinted osacibgattasdys toate Gee ee Ni ee ane ee ; 10. The Agasoma-like Gasiropaas of the California Tertiary, by Walter A. 11. The Martinez and Tejon Hocene and Associated Wormations of the Mountains, by. Boy H, Dickersony-33.0 2.22528 te ee = Nevada, by Ce Merriam teach ildaencncapag wees alsa beie et hea weed up a ne ae . The Martinez Eocene and Associated Formations at Rock Creek on the Wes Border of the Mohave Desert Area, by Roy EH. Dickerson .........-..-..s00-- BK. Dickerson Wile oe ie deg Buwallda |. 34) a eee D8 ee ee Joby PriBtwala jae Ue a eS ee m i} tap y D7 % Nors.—The University of California e oe eations of learned societies and iastitutions, separ and ell the publications of the University will be sent upon request. — publications and other information, address the Manager of the hontreleiae California, U. S. A. All matter sent’in exchange should be 9 eaaene to Department, University Library, Berkeley, California, U. S. A. { Orro HakRASSOWITZ B. FRIEpvaENDER & LEIpPzia@ ‘ BERLIN Agent for the series in American Arch- Agent for the series in ik aeology and Ethnology, wet Philology, acology and Ethnology, Agric Economics, Education, Wistory, Modern Botany, Geology, Mathematies, 2 Philology, Philosophy, Psychology. Physiology, Zoology, and Memoirs. Geology. ANDREW C. Lawson and Joun C. Merriam, Editors. Price per volume, “$0.50 Volumes I (pp. 485), II (pp. 450), III (pp. 475), IV (pp. 462), V (pp. 448), VI (pp. 454), and VII (pp. 504), completed. Vol. VILL in th kc 7" a Cikediag Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. tae oe Volume 1, 1893-1896, 485 pp., with 18 plates, price -..-...scsesccccscensce-n-oe Stal ae Volume 2, 1896-1902, 450 pp., with 17 plates and 1 map, price -2..-cc-eecssees Volume 3, 1902-1904, 482 pp., with 51 plates, Price -..cccconessssssssssesseencee- pee ts A list of the titles in volumes 1, 2 and 3 will be sent upon request, VOLUME 4. 1. The he, Geology of the Upper Region of the Main Walker River, Névada, by Dwight — TDs SMM GH fone oco.-cndiasesascanebeasacwa bens Rapaindemsiny stains dele es ls Ss ae ene Adie ue ae 2, A Primitive Tehthyosaurian Limb from the Middle Triassie of Nevada, by John CL Merriam -....asc. \ieceenapatceccspctecntngsey enetate on oth aso plete eo etn ee 3. Geological Section of the Coast Ranges North of the Bay of San: Francicoe; i WC. Osmont \n.cscvnn \sodeeseesence-cnadiigromse cca nedcerenecnee oueeun cde De RIeaD eeeesas oe te ar ye = 4. Arcas of the California, Neocene, by Vance C. Osmontt ac... sc.c.cc2.sondts--scu-2cteeneeee eee 5. Contribution to the Palaeontology of the Martinez Group, hy Cliarles E Weaver 6. New or Imperfectly Kijown Rodents and Ungulates from the\Johu Day Series, by William J. ‘Simelair) |... wcc ccc eaccrestes Spasepesnntaews so punnent dewmee eaeeestil Rese aa or er 7. New Mammalia from the Quarternary Caves of California, by Wiliam & Sinclair 8. Preptoceras, a New Ungulate from the Samwel Cave, Californi by~ Eustace L. Bhar lOn gy (yn csntncqensosnepesenanbtoceeesgnigen staaeaho g aieattg areas cope a RR as basi saunk ge ge ey EES 9. A New Sabre-tooth from California, by John C. Merriam .............-...\e aceon aoe 10. The Structure and Genesis of the Comstock Lode, by John A. Reid..i...........0. 11. The Differential Thermal Conductivities of Certain Schists, by Paul Thelen.......... 25¢ 12, Sketch of the Geology of Mineral King, California, by A. Knopf and P. Thelen... i 13. Cold Water Belt Along the West Coast of the United States, by Ruliff 8. Holway — 14. The Copper Deposits of the Robinson Mining District, Nevada, by Andrew iQ WODS 1 ooo co os cas cers oncesevercn ine tnsdp oncbuanse ve s-Lacnnrsneseblni/Goilieniacatd enaitae ames nR die: ea ea ~ 15. I. Contribution to the Classification of the Amphiboles, i II. On Some Glaucophane Schists, Syenites, ete., by G. Murgoei...cseneneens ieee 16. The Geomorphic Features of the Middle Kern, by Andrew ©. LiaWS0Dneccccssecesneeees ani 17. Notes on the Foothill Copper Belt of the Sierra Nevada, by A. Knopf. 18. An Alteration of Coast Range Serpentine, by A. Knopf. Nos, 17 ‘and. 18! in Oe: COVER. icc... s. 5c scteieereboes- ,«sondemapeenaenwesnle arawaed aaemyee an aaa seeecnney 19. The Geomorphogeny of the Tehachapi Valley System, by Agdooe, Cc. Lunvaon. aioe VOLUME 5 1, Carnivora from the Tertiary Formations of the Jobn Day Region, by John ©. i Meerrianrn” cescdceBecsen scscthes soap dasceneetesweghenadae soceneentinesanasise gtailc nasa nessa athe il an an 2. Some Edentate-like Remains from the Mascall Beds of Oregon, by Wiiliam x Sinclair. 3. Fossil Mollusea from the John Day “and Maseall Beds of Oregon, by Robert’E. C Stearns. Nos, 2 and S im One COVER. .22. si ceitee nese. canoresmenetentansasneeeeanseenar sas tseie Sena fara oa Re 4, New Cestraciont Teeth from the West American Triassic, by Edna M. “Wem Tes. : 5, Preliminary Note on a New Marine Reptile from the Middle Triassic of by John CO. Merriam.............c-sc-c-cassceonersnenenansspenenesensenaracnesenaoceenssecnensnaronneassentuensee in nc / 6. Notes on Lawsonite, Columbite, Beryl, Barite, and Calcite, by Arthur 8. Bald : 7. The Fossil Fishes of California, with Supplementary Notes on Other Spacies extinct Fishes, by David Starr Jordan 04.2%. nodes dices ee : 8. Fish Remains from the Marine Lower Triassic of Aspen Ridge, Idaho, by Goddard oooceeaciccccceneneseneenniteccoe-enccenacsrtnnanapemeainenadasnsspunccanarnugsennnsssecnsanassnutaeeasasense7A¥nae &. Benitoite, a New California Gem Mineral, by George Davis Loud back, Chemical Analysis by Walter C. Blasdale ....................-- é . 16, Notes on Quaternary Felidae from California, by John F. sass lg, oe do UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 20, pp. 365-376, pls. 39-40 Issued March 2, 1915 TERTIARY ECHINOIDS FROM THE SAN PABLO GROUP OF MIDDLE CALIFORNIA BY WILLIAM 8. W. KEW CONTENTS PAGE Misa OX SAO ES OS BN ee PR PP 365 SUMAN OMA NVC MRAM OC) Ot MSP CCLOS ec cec -a cee cceccececes J eeecranase evan ccenereatengeecaceecnescceasececzeeseecs-c 366 Vela tlomGhi ysis Oe PCCLOS yaa ssee se sae ceca e staan 0s «stu seve eeu os Sete sceeeoSecur viveue cos sceds etc feo ech de 367 TD YeRsteneat ay ss cWGoys NS) 0Y CSET pc Rr gene 367 SOUT SY fee o) oA] S20 1 Lp ee ee eee 367 Scutella gabbi Rémond, n. var. tenuis —...... pestecedee Seid ceseebissa 5 oecbtteveet ss. 368 Scutellampabloensiss Wi Spey <.cce 0 2ecc2-se.ceecens soe suecsuscveceage - BY ie : JOHN C. MERRIAM \ \ Y INTRODUCTION i Some months ago Professor J. C. Jones of the University of Nevada kindly offered to the writer for examination a small collection of mammalian remains obtained by him at Astor Pass, Nevada, in gravel deposits which were evidently formed along the shore of the Pleisto- cene Lake Lahontan. As the physical history of the Nevada region during a portion of Pleistocene time has been the subject of exhaustive discussion, while of the biological history very little has been known, the specimens secured by Professor Jones are of unusual importance. Particularly is this true as the occurrence evidently represents one of the phases of the great lake, Lahontan. The writer is much indebted to Professor Jones for the opportunity to examine this interesting collection and for a description of the occurrence of the specimens. The origin of the deposits in which the mammalhan fossils occur is fully discussed by Professor Jones in a recent paper.’ In addition to the specimens obtained by Professor Jones from the gravels at Astor Pass, it has been the writer’s privilege to examine a considerable portion of a horse skull found in a tufa deposit at Astor Pass. For the use of this specimen, the writer is much indebted to Mr. William Hood, chief engineer of the Southern Pacific Railroad, who secured the skull during the course of the excavations. 1 Jones, J. C., Science, n.s., vol. 40, pp. 827-830, 1914. 378 University of Californa Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 Professor Jones informs the writer that the material obtained by him was found in a railway cut in gravel deposits at Astor Pass four miles west of the north end of Pyramid Lake. The gravel beds at this point lie on the western slope of a narrow ridge of andesite, and are largely composed of andesitic pebbles evidently derived from this outcrop. The gravels are covered by a four-foot layer of dendritic tufa similar to that found above the thinolite tufa in the Lahontan deposits. A few isolated crystals of thinolite were found at the base of the gravel deposit. In the midst of the gravels, and about ten feet below the dendritic tufa cap, there is a layer of typical lithoid tufa several inches in thickness. Judging from all the evidence available, Professor Jones is convinced that the gravel deposit was formed along the shore of Lake Lahontan. The occurrence of the fossil remains is described by Professor Jones as follows: The majority of the bones were found in the outward end of the bar and in the upper twenty feet of the deposit. All of them were isolated from each other and no complete skeletons were reported. Many of them were more or less coated with the dendritic tufa and in excavating a ditch through a layer of the dendritic tufa one hundred and fifty feet to the east of the deposit, a skull of a horse was found in the tufa. In addition to the bones secured, a large number, including several skulls and a large leg-bone described as being the size of an elephant’s, were uncovered and afterwards lost. It is evident from the disjointed condition of the bones that they were washed about by the waves to a considerable extent before their final burial in the gravels. Two hypotheses may be considered as to the time when the animals lived: first, they may have existed in pre-Lahontan time and been first covered by an earlier deposit that was reworked by the waters of Lahontan; second, they may have lived in Lahontan time and were buried in the deposits of that lake. As the deposit is composed exclusively of the basic andesite found in the ridge to the immediate south, evidence of a deposit earlier in age should be found along its flanks. While it was impossible in the time available to entirely cover the ridge, no such evidence could be found within a mile of the gravels and as no evidence of shore drift could be found south of the end of the bar, it is not probable that the bones and gravel could have been washed from a pre-existant deposit. An alternate suggestion would be that the gravel deposit was formed in an earlier lake and was simply worked over by the waters of Lake Lahontan. If this were true, the entire bar must have been worked over, for no evidence could be discovered in the exceptionally good exposures of the eut and gravel pit of any structural discordance. The tufas are entirely conformable with the gravels and it is known that the thinolite at least is characteristic of the Lahontan period in this basin. Further, if the deposit was worked over in its entirety, it seems remarkable that the bones should be limited practically to the upper and outer parts of the bar rather than being promiscuously scattered through the deposit. The only other pos- 1915] Merriam: Pleistocene Mammals from Astor Pass Sia) sible suggestion is that as the waters of Lahontan rose and fell, they failed to leave their impress on the bar, which seems to be beyond the realms of probability. Under the circumstances, as far as our present kuowledge goes, there seems no other conclusion probable than that the animals represented by the bones found in the gravels lived and died along the shores of the former lake and were buried in its sediments. The forms obtained in the deposits at Astor Pass include the following: Felis atrox Leidy. Camelid, near Camelops? Equus, sp. Fish, vertebrae, indeterminate. Bird, vertebra, indeterminate. The specimen referred to Felis atrox seems not to differ essentially from corresponding teeth of large individuals of this gigantic feline from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea. The camel remains are of a large form near the type of the camel of Rancho La Brea. The single tooth of a horse obtained from the gravels at Astor Pass by Professor Jones might, if taken alone, be referred to the Rancho La Brea species Equus occidentalis. In some of its characters the denti- tion of the specimen obtained from the tufa deposit by Mr. Hood resembles E. pacificus, a species unknown at Rancho La Brea, but represented in the Pleistocene of Fossil Lake in eastern Oregon. The Astor Pass specimen is not certainly to be referred to E. pacificus and may be a distinct form. The few forms represented in the Astor Pass gravels represent a Pleistocene stage not remote from that of Rancho La Brea. The fact that the horse skull does not correspond in type to the average of specimens from Rancho La Brea, and is comparatively near the characteristic species of Fossil Lake, may mean that this fauna repre- sents a stage different from that of Rancho La Brea, or that in Rancho La Brea time the horses of the middle and northern Great Basin region were different from those of the southern Pacific Coast region. The succession of mammalian faunas of the Pacific Coast and Great Basin Pleistocene is not yet sufficiently well known to permit the con- struction of a satisfactory chronology, and it is not yet possible to state to what extent the faunas of various localities overlap. As very little has been known of the fauna inhabiting the Great Basin province during the time of deposition of the Lahontan sedi- ments, the material obtained by Professor Jones from Astor Pass gives us a distinctly important contribution to our knowledge of this subject. 380 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL FELIS ATROX Leidy An upper carnassial (fig. 1) of a very large cat from the Astor Pass gravels represents a form not distinguishable from Felis atrox of the Rancho La Brea Pleistocene. The measurements of the speci- men approximate those of the largest male individuals from Rancho La Brea. Figs. 1 to 3b, from Pleistocene gravels, Astor Pass, Nevada. Fig. 1. Felis atrox Leidy. P*, outer side. No 21699, natural size. Fig. 2. Camelid astragalus. No. 21385, X 14, superior view. Figs. 3a and 3b. Equus, sp. M? ?, No. 21698, X 4%. Fig. 3a, occlusal view; fig. 3b, outer view. MEASUREMENTS No. 14001 No, 21699 Rancho Astor Pass La Brea P4, greatest anteroposterior diameter —..............2.---...-- 44.3 mm. 43. P4, greatest transverse diameter across deuterocone.. 20.9 21.5 P4, height Of protocome 2oxsces.o sec. ceecccseeseesecseeeeseeeaceeeaees 22. 1915 | Merriam: Pleistocene Mammals from Astor Pass 381 CAMELID, near CAMELOPS? An astragalus (no. 21385, fig. 2) represents a camel near Camelops, the form known at Rancho La Brea. DIMENSIONS OF ASTRAGALUS, No. 21385 Greatest anteroposterior diameter ................-.-..0---s---s:-scessceseeeceeeceeeseeeeeeeeeee 80.5 mm, Cimealiestewadbhvarbdistalll erid) ics 22 cee eter, secs e eee sec coenee renee eee! 54. A fragment of the distal end of a metapodial represents a large camel. It is too incomplete for determination. EQUUS, sp. The specimen (pl. 41) which Mr. William Hood kindly placed at the disposal of the writer, comprises the portion of the skull situated between the anterior borders of the orbits and the anterior ends of the nasals. The cheek-tooth dentition is complete with the exception of M*. The teeth are unusually well preserved and are in an early stage of wear. P* shows beginning wear, but the enamel pattern is not com- pletely outlined. The enamel pattern is distinctly more complex than that seen in the Rancho La Brea specimens of Equus occidentalis, and approaches the degree of complexity found in E. pacificus. The anterior and posterior fossettes may be somewhat wider than in the type of E. pacificus. The form of the protocone may be approximated in either E. pacificus or E. occidentalis. The dimensions average slightly larger than those of E. occidentalis of Rancho La Brea, although some individuals of the Rancho La Brea species may show measurements slightly exceeding those of the Astor Pass specimen. The measure- ments are somewhat smaller than those of the type of E. pacificus, but may fall within the limits of variation in that species. As yet the variation within Equus pacificus is not sufficiently well known to make possible an exact statement of the characters of that species. In general, it would seem that the cheek-teeth are distin- guished from those of E. occidentalis, as represented in the Rancho La Brea collections, by large size, narrow fossettes, and more complicated pattern of the enamel bordering the fossettes and the outer end of the post-protoconal valley. As nearly as one can judge from the material available, the Astor Pass specimen resembles Equus pacificus more closely than do any of the horses as yet observed in the Rancho La Brea collections. It is not clear that this form is certainly to be referred to EF. pacificus. 382 University of California Publications in Geology [ VoL. 8 More information on the range of variation in that species is neces- sary and especially is it desirable to have more definite knowledge of the characters separating it from E. occidentalis. A single cheek-tooth (no. 21698, figs. 3a and 3b) from Astor Pass, kindly presented by Professor Jones, represents a type with dimensions smaller than those in the skull obtained by Mr. Hood. The fossettes are rather narrow. The enamel is somewhat less complicated than that in the skull specimen. This specimen taken by itself might be referred to Equus occidentalis, but the writer is inclined to think that it represents the same species as that seen in the skull specimen. MEASUREMENTS Hood Specimen Astor Pass No. 21698 Length of upper premolar series, without P1 107. mm. 2; pAnUELOMOSLERIOMATaMMG UCL sess eeee cess reese 40.4 2 transverse .dlame ten cere cesesccccco.eeeeceste seedvececcercesseeoee 28:45 4% ee P3, anteroposterior diameter ..............--..--2------ssee-sseeeeeeeee 34, 9) -eee P3) transverse CvamMeber 22. veces reese ese ne eeeee esse estes 312) Rees B42) amberopostentonm (laMeter 22i2cca2. cen ceencceeransescnereeerees= 3 PIB > JEL A endshalishigcudsye) (oliheeKoy cue Beeee eres ee ere ce 29. ee ge Mi, anteroposterior diameter 22222222 oe se ceceee eee 30:6 eee Mis tramsVierse diam Ct Cri s.ces-0-cecneeee eo ane c=cceeeee ence eterno 29:4 | A RREERES WWE EhahnepdoyaXeyenteralone (sbinoaKe\ife! okey ey ee ee 31.5 30.5 M2, transverse diameter .... 27.5 26.8 Mi2, length of crown: -.-:22:ci22:8.scetss-ccncecpeccacbctenctietecteeceetieees | Suezinse al03. Transmitted October 24, 1914. UNIV; CALIF, PUBL BULL. DEPT. GEOL, [MERRIAM] VOL. 8, PL. 41 7] : Af ORF Ee ae Equus, sp. Dentition of specimen obtained from Pleistocene tuff deposit at Astor Pass, Nevada, by Mr. William Hood, Superior cheek-teeth, natural size. of the San Pablo Woritation, in Middle ‘California, eee osname nnn anne stern nonsense nencmccnennsnanenaneamecesases accnnece-nendenenaccnanscenccansuanccnescaue Echinoids from the Tertiary of California, by Charles E. Weaver . 5e on Echinoids from the Tertiary of California, by R..W. Pack.......-.----p-s0-0+- 10 ealifornicus, a Fossil Peacock from the Quaternary Asphalt Beds of Rancho Beapiarea ab ycls0 view Holm est AMallOre s:c.5.ccacigeecee ck nccstese teed saege nde sececnvtbccesneapabanae tne decatveeageeoncee ‘Be? the Skull and Dentition of an empipct Cat closely allied to Felis atrox Leidy, by _ John Pea EUR erga nn nnae essa Seance Seen ah sear onanat a4 peerriam a Fee ee Sen Ry ee eh Ren Aya Ae ATER RE oS ek RE 0 5e te Sate belies a ey a a . he . FS et ‘ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUI Novre.—'the University of California Publications are pan el eations of learned societies and institutions, universities and libraries, Compl ali the publications of the University will be sent upon ete For sam} oe e publications and other information, address the Manager rsity 33, California, U. S. A. All matter sent in exchange should be eaddressed to Department, University Library, Berkeley, California, U. S. A. OtTo HARRASSOWITZ - &, FRIgDLAENDER as LEIPzI@ BERLIN eee for the series in American Arch- Agent for the series | acology and Ethnology, Classical Philology, aeology and ing We ‘ Economics, Education, History, Modern Botany, Geol th Philology, Philosophy, Psychology. Physiology, Z clogy, and Mei Geology.—ANDREW C. Lawson and JoHN C. Mmrriau, Editors. Price, volumes volumes 8 and following, $5.00. 3 fe ose Cited as Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Volume 1, 1893-1896, 435 pp., with 18 plates, Price 2.2... eaeccsnesencceneneeees : Volume 2, 1896-1902, 457 pp., with 17 plates and 1 map, price Volume 3, 1902-1904, 482 pp., with 51 plates, price :....... ep aae by ite , ? Volume 4, 1905-1906, 478 pp., with 52 plates, pri¢e”s....12 2205 ees Volume 5, 1906-1910, 458 pp., with 42 plates, price |. 2 A list of titles in.volumes 1 to 5 will be sent upon request. iia UP ar aes VOLUME 6. 1. The Condor-like Vultures of Rancho La Brea, by Loye Holmes Miller... 2. Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwestern — Nevada, by John C. Merriam. Purt I.-—Geologie History............. 8. The Geology of the Sargent Oil Field, by William F. Jones... ee MG 4. Additions to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene Deposits at Fossil Lake, Onees by Lioye- Holm gs Misti ee inn: spot eae ies cect seen ti onsen] nem gece cee onan a eer 5. The Geomorphageny of the Sierra Nevada Northeast of Lake Tahoe, by John Al 6. Note on a Gigamtie Bear from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by John | Merriam. 3 7, A Collection of Mammalian Remains from Tertiary Beds on the Mohave me a by John C. Merrizm. = Nos, G and 7 in Oe COVE ipo Ao pss taneeeheancinslnwad tnenacedenalenaaehe onus ee 8. The Stratigraphic and Faunal Relations of the Martinez Formation to the and Tejon North of Mount Diablo, by Roy E. Dickerson ...-...-.sesecsessserseee 9. Neocolemanite, 2 Variety of Colemanite, and Howlite from Lang, Los Ax County, California, by ke ciats Se Toe sana nage canst tee coges geen ose a i0. A New Antelope from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Walter P. Taylo 11. Tertiary Mammal Beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in Northwe Nevada, by John ©. Merriam. Part I1—Vertebrate Faunas ..... 12. A Series of Eagle Tarsi from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, re PMPMTV OY: a... 2.22 s.---oct casenglndeape ce oun ccm scene et eee es oe a a | 13. Notes on the Relationships of the Marine Saurian Fauna Described from the . of Spitzbergen ‘by Wiman, by John C. Merriam. 14, Notes on the Dentition of Omphalosaurus, by John C, Merriam and Harold C. Nos. 13 and 14.1 otie eower ss02 ie ote. cess eee cee 15. Notes on the Later Cenozoie History of the Mohave Desert Region & alifornia, by Charles Latrence Balser) «c.g csncaateersceneo once ce Spainsnge rns eee 16. Avitauna of the Pleistocene Cave Deposits of California, by Loye Holmes Mill 7. A Fossil Beaver from the Kettleman Hills, California, by Louise Kelloge~- " 18. Notes on the Genus Desmostylus of Marsh, by John ©, Merriam ........ 3 19. The Elastie-Rebound Theory of Earthquakes, by Harry Fielding Rei VOLUME 7. The Minerals of Donbpah, Nevada, by Arthur S. fukle Pseudostratification in Santa Barbara County, California, by George Davis Ly Wa anne ate cece ape hcesaetmsaunapinestad bs qeaih onal een ears cus leita ath a amen kee ee a ee . Recent Discoveries of Carnivora in the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by Merriam 1.2.2 22k bpd eR 9 ce Pea a a ee . The Neocene Section at Kirker Pass on the North Side of Mount Diablo, by Ta, CL ape onc... -o0s:-ansildas eee ees epcnes cone eee tna tes eae ne ee a . Contributions to Avian Palaeontology from the Pacific Coast of North A Loye’ Holmes Miller. (:.:05ic2 la totic setae never eauideiacsi varices ao fe ww De UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 22, pp. 385-572, pls. 42-71 Issued August 30, 1915 V FAUNA OF THE SAN PABLO GROUP OF MIDDLE CALIFORNIA BY BRUCE L. CLARK . eT Na \us CONTENTS PAGE Imtroductionrand Aicknowlede ments) sooo ea sonee ceca n secs cence ceeeecet ene 388 ETISLORLC Al UREVACW). s:tecic:secssesethscesceccecepecezecensceseecadddecceeseescssTocccsacceevsetsscatcseedeteaeseteatweces 389 Geographic Occurrence of the San Pablo Group ~~. eee 393 The Stratigraphic Position and General Characters of the San Pablo Group rnpVindides@ aint rma Vo .sssav. selon <2 yesceeeceestsectoss eseae~cstssuaeectavdeale eat cvae.cesdee ueeeenee 395 MD OS CANE VONUO Ts SS CCLUOM Strssercse rece. 2. coca ceecsse cates tceeseese 0 fees ober ecedecets at sgces Saan¢ebeszensesssaceeseens 396 SSE AO) Say aw csecceten tuck ne tie cee tes ace see nc ceeseecseegerdeaanesssnanteedieeacheceeed- Wi (Sp ss c-sseese teense eee cote ee 497 Mrophon! Carisaensis/AmCers OTs ees eee eee coerce esse eeee nese 497 Trophon gracilis Perry var. pabloensis, n. VAY. -......-.---:---:--ccscecceceeneceeeene 498 Mrophon dickersomi, Ws Spe cecceecesececeseeccess-ceeece=- cence sence se 498 AlakoyelaKabae Ale hy astonaiy tla is) Oy eernnee eee pees eee . 499 Mrophion mponcderostms Cally pices: ccsece eee eee cess eee ne esse seenee eres eee eee ee 499 Trophon ponderosum Gabb var. pabloensis, n. var.? 2.202.220.2222 500 Murex (Ocinebra) dalli, n. sp. -...... 501 Murex (Ocinebra) packardi, n. sp. 501 Minrex: (Ocinebra))isellbyensiss m0 Spe ccecsccsearaeesseseeccseeees eee 502 Camel amar aillO CIS1S per oe SO xy ame aes ace eee ene nee 508 Murvis kirkensis;, Ns Spx c:2cc:focet eS cece cee acest eee ene eee eee 504 Weserap tion of Wo cette se eee ose acts a ae ean ea cetera eae 505 INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The San Pablo Group, as described in this paper, represents what originally was defined by Dr. J. C. Merriam as the San Pablo forma- tion or beds equivalent thereto. The preliminary work on the paper was begun in the summer of 1910. The writer has been fortunate in having at his disposal the large collections from the San Pablo Group made by the classes in Palaeontology of the University of California Summer Sessions of 1910, 1911, and 1912. These collections were in part made under his direct supervision ahd in practically every case he has had first-hand knowledge of the field localities. In presenting the paper it is realized that many problems have been left unsolved and that much remains to be known concerning the details of the fauna of the San Pablo Group of Middle California. It is hoped that the data given here will form a basis for a more com- plete study of the fauna of this horizon in the near future. The writer wishes especially to express his acknowledgment to Dr. J. C. Merriam, under whose direction the work was begun. A few of the others to whom acknowledgments are due are Professor W. J. Raymond, Professor J. P. Smith, Dr. L. W. Stephenson, Dr. W. H. Dall, E. L. Packard, Harold Hannibal, Bruce Martin, and F. M. Anderson. The writer is indebted to a number of persons for collections made in the San Pablo Group, but especially to Dr. John P. Buwalda. Dr. Buwalda, in making a geological section to the east of Walnut Creek, obtained some very fine material from the San Pablo Group in that vicinity. 1915] Clark: Fauna of the San Pablo Group 389 HISTORICAL REVIEW The first general description of the geology in the vicinity of San Pablo Bay was made by Dr. J. 8. Newberry in 1855.1 The deposits were correlated with the ‘‘sandstone of San Franciseo’’ deseribed on page eleven of the same volume. The Cretaceous, Eocene, Miocene, and Phoecene were included in the same series and designated as ‘‘Miocene or more recent.’’ » % oy sank of - asi ina uf ws & yea a, A +“ v * or a K ae when ‘ 4? wone whe see went . wn ro) ‘ - eee . +e nye FAUNAL LIST 88 389 41 A 147 «14 2 Be ay Cha, 145 9 1182 1195 1196 1197 1199 1219 1221 1224 1225 1227 1281 1287 1289 1240 1245 1249 1251 1257 1259 1265 1270 1271 1278 1274 1275 1636 Astrodapsis tumidus, subsp. cierboensis Kew .. Astrodapsis tumidus Rémond .... Astrodapsis whitneyi Rémond Scutella gabbii Rémond ...... PELECYPODA. Amiantis dalli, n.sp. -. Cardium quadrigenarium Conrad Cyrena (Corbicula) californica Gabb .. Glycimeris septentrionalis Midd. ... Macoma andersoni, n. sp. Macoma nasuta Conrad .. Macoma pabloensis, nu. sp. Macoma secta Conrad ... Mactra trampasensis Packard Metis alta Conrad ..... Modiolus directus Conrad Mulinia densata Conrad .. Mulinia densata var. A. x Mulinia pabloensis Packard x Mya dickersoni, n. sp. -... ow Mya (Cryptomya) ovalis Conrad x Mytilus perrini, n.sp. — Mytilus trampasensis, n. sp. Ostrea bourgeoisii Rémond Ostrea titan Conrad .... Paphia staminea Conrad Pecten crassicardo Conrad .. Pecten estrellanus Conrad Pecten raymondi, n. sp. Pecten pabloensis Conrad Pinna alamedensis Yates Pinna, sp. indt. ... Spisula abscissa Gabb .. Saxidomus nuttallii Conrad .. Schizothaerus nuttallii Conrad Siliqua lucida Conrad .. Solen perrini, n. sp. Spisula catilliformis Conrad Spisula albaria Conrad Tivela gabbi, n. sp. ... Tivela diabloensis, n. sp. Venus martini, n. sp. GasTROPopA. Astralium raymondi, n. sp. ... Bittium trampasensis, n. sp. Bursa trampasensis, n. sp. Calliostoma bicarinatum, n. sp. Calyptraea diabloensis, n. sp. Calyptraea filosa Gabb ... Calyptraea inornata Gabb Cancellaria pabloensis, n. sp. Cerithiopsis bolingerensis, n. sp. Chrysodomus pabloensis, n. sp. Columbella (Astyris), cf. tuberosa Cpr. Crepidula adunca Sowerby . Crepidula onyx Sowerby . Gardinia reticulata Sowerby Leptothyra pabloensis, n. sp. Murex (Ocinebra) dalli, n. sp. Nassa pabloensis, n. sp. Natica (Euspira) kirkensis, n. sp. Natica (Neverita) arnoldi, n. sp. -.. Natica (Neverita) pabloensis, n. sp. Tegula (Chlorostoma) danvillensis, n. sp. Thais lima Martyn ..... Trophon carisaensis Anderson .. Ao. wt Lote WO Bleduolseio .gedue ganblamed een borten, Sn ota arm tnemenee DOOD pe bioy ateg Wirt: clei caieny “Bapmaa f i¢euticw roqsborte eovtheesie Vices tlnecerciattenetteene ROME diddeg ACOTYO SIAL waitin sana tes endous 008, 0 GELS ee Beis ) ishaconinberp nosey i ee Tteties CH? goheroliies Celmatdio) i lai. sino tae qod Bate 2.0 inorehoe sotooaiel a abe ian sarang Soavonmauee Nya anid pa a pale . BetroeD SITang au one if are ; : lensoilaq amoosht ett 3 sven eteaatatians’ Tete ttoals BARRO AI amoost!'! sot erent etianacnrineeeeriine Ditgloe’S eremsaaqenens arise ce ME ON sive de oysnn a deapuenind uta ade nett Ye Seaeaaltby clyde Senet ET ee ate 6 7 Wid yet ieecomitteeeticnmicnen: bpeael eadsesh sulomomees tity wut Bettod etrenah aintiaMe cevetciaen Ste tee AL GY eo Hy Se : fost siescoldag sino Mt V5 ), vow G2 it ioeredat ByM ¥ inp ede 4 giteD eliave CoymqaO) ay ye Samana ea ,utirreg sali x cls te tetteneedteews alin SY Blamoaeginend egktiy et wei eet Venere POLAT iatoegiod sett ae Pe ns Tae vee DETLOD. GBT somtaO ; - : “Hhour08d -seximoata aiiqat, 10) obvasiesis aotaed OD ecualletigs aedeetl Pvo ey ote hte situates CO dbooeeger meds Asut6) etevxooidag mtvot : nobomels werkt ior nh ‘and ae Leenistensvenentshay ot DDE (2 See ; ea AOE oe we iaweeary OCH Baalor ay aluaigg x Se ae. own, Beod ladon eemobicee- MS REe satis eae ages ie rato) CTaaticr sores Moninoe & aN ee attestation SOTTO ebinut SEpalie a ,taitrog oeloQ i iootillitss oleeiga panne tay wiseheny Beto ‘itadl2 ‘ave oie nsshaetene aa BE A d ea Jeet Mneangee ere se Seek ae alditsoldhth cae wa qcemaces ie te wie Me heer ad 7 ime? sole a Je sf oadimy pete » qe ay (PLANS? Ks Sophias Wg ifs i pili kai a LE pieii0 any ‘ SPRAY CREAR 2 5 bik pay Ape mend ected vi Spa caa ai PROTON, a: a a3: 417 Clark 1915] Fauna of the San Pablo Group ama009N IdMO'T au07 VURIIAMAT elfeynog VULIVS ALTA eques x xX o1qeg urg dM O'T aadd orqeg urg SO}TBIV EP OL UL0S9Yo4 qx K xX KK KX XK X puUyxyT ies ‘ds ‘tu ‘stsuaortqed ouoryy Bees eget aeea as cone aee “ara asad seating anes ‘ds ‘u ‘stsuao0[qeviIp ouoryy > aE rake See ee Sa dtrpoig epronijed evuryy | CRESS SE eee tet ee peiuoy wniaeuestipenb unrparey My See hase aga neseees egestas omens ae eae UAJIVI SIQIOD wurIprey ite “Ginga tees cri gnc bas lee peqwoy VyAVouT[II} voy Sa aaa ae age Te age pa a peae ‘ds u ‘Typep styaviy Seem Gee Set ete geregee 2 age ge ag eee gage epee Yoo Ipeiu0s evlloy ‘VaodA0TTIG Ow | Segre Say ea ae yynourso stsuojasnd “yo evrqesody Ga es ae a SE ala q ‘ds ‘snuvpeq vy ‘ds ‘snuvpeg ‘VaOVISaAN) sca ce a ae aaa meres rea sotoods 9aIt J, ‘VOzZOANq Sree ae agg eee ore MOI SMU} “AVA TIGqVs vTToynog S:be sesBccoctieercitenc accsscavsccantsoateenstas2onccnoo cote onan rs puowey mqqes eipoynog rare aga gti teen aan teen tars? Saeeh ragetcncr nagtas earns May Stsusctqed vpeqnag at aa aa ae Sa oo ca aa aaa eniace 2 canara qqvy Ipuoutet sviioisy Brexy 0 Gaabbebancosrratetzttccsissccanetsceeacsqnctiseccttte puowey tTéouzIyM stsdeporsy a ~~ (IBA a8ie[) puowerxy suptuny sisdepormsy Sey Shsnsesesrssssesgeoacosnccocanshocoe soca shoc aan puousy suptun, stsdvpousy Be a eee ta thaha MOY stsusoqio1o ‘dsqns supruny stsdeporsy aii g punec Mabiais peg op amen amare ie nan aaa MOY snyye sisdepoisy 7 “VLVNUIGONTHOW 8 2 LSTT TVNONVA [ VoL. 8 Geology Ons IN t Publica VW ity of Californ “SU Univer 418 9ua000N IIMO'T auog VUBIIaMaIg B[aINIG oiqeg urg IoMO'T x XX Kx OS x Xe Ge a o1qe@d wes aaddQ soqpeove ULOSIqOy x Byars) | SST Ints gata ag sassae Gagan Sasa ‘ds ‘u ‘tuosiayorp VAT x Bee nag ag saan aaa sa gf gee aS oars ae pivyoeg stsusorqed vrurpnyy x 355: © WINSStr sanarerge (eget t Sper igaan race naan Ten eae ‘VW ‘IVA VyYESuMAp RIUTTNA x Sa eg peimoy vyesuep BIUTTNIT x Ses By Wingce rasaaiaig gs &sssanupiaad ECan aaa fd aR 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ce ei eae ree Se iain vate pe ‘ds ‘u ‘turetizeu vrursog SOO ew eae aegis cee sees ‘ds ‘tu ‘tpfoure viutsog 5 ML Seren wanes ascii peruoy sited vyuopordiq = SO 00 Sgr digi ss sev s assssasovosamsess toe souaesa a plmoy evieqro eyuopotdiq x Bree Rae Sygtigen meee ae qqVy Boturofzipes (BMotqIoy) vue *VadOdA0T TAY e = st ° 5 3 (panuyuop)—LSTT IVNOAVA 419 rowp Fauna of the San Pablo G Clark 1915] ame00aN TAMO'T VUBITAMAIG Bljeqnog VPAIVS IVIL Burg x x olqeg urg TaMOTT o[qezg urg reddy sopeoe er Ge x uloseyoig sac Da aa San aa ram aaae macarons Iajuedivyg vyd[nostmuey seploovyg ic2 Mii setettesa#shtczcsrescecreeeceescceceronccpocetecoettse qqvy Weyoyzyott saploovyg seen Be Resren case anerongcssaccestsstes sgt sos cgecen coco pviuoy snyv[nuue saproovyg x Bess) © Sastvesico = scat neste oso etn csatons coo aaa cecac ane nears ‘ds ‘u ‘tppeanq vpoomjed x Bese | Serecseceeccccracceaacoc scssaomneme omens ease sna nes ‘ds u ‘T19AvIM 9}d9qG x Cae ooo Sear eee eee ie ‘ds ‘au ‘tpuowAvi 104d0g x ES ROCCE roca era re peluoy stsusoptqed wezoeq x eee 5 Spee een aigas aiasegrigaa ate aaa eRe TaE ‘ds ‘u ‘tABMpOY 004}90q x coud PVIUOD SNUBI[IIJSo W9}D0q x i ‘ds 'u ‘snqzvourpiq weqyovog x Gost) eeeeescseatesPeeer oops coace acne nn ceoarngee enna ‘dsu ‘snjvrpedisseio 09400q x BES REE Cee rece er peepee ec eat ane as peluoy OpABdTsseIO W2}09g x Sity) | Geesecehpiecarccsecstescecercteccsantcccc-asesen sss ecre- ase ‘ds ‘u ‘stsua0qdzo1o 0Jd0q x SOLO 7 artes tsoes eco aninscsssgancerageesaa soe ay a sere se ploy vsoroues odourg s225 pa peiuoy voutmeyys viydeg x Socy (asc seansninc anne noncssh coc cesecrotscanectsanssncces= oss cosascc ooo PvINOH WRIT} B2I4SO x Soc Sense antes ccna ploury gstenbes ‘iva pearu0y vutqyiodsaa var4sO or iy esse eee cba caccstececeseescccentarsccescea actos tnsecsgansazec Iojuodiey vprlanyt vd14SC x ESPGy* wggset edges = eascteat zc acosecccacct acento t-coacc seen occas aca puoway Istoasimoq va13sQ x Site Saige scaermeaa seats ‘ds ‘u ‘stsuosvdureay (vyouoso[ty4q) snptyAqy x STUD ga Stooges sc tacse scrape aparee ss aaganabnagy aera aE ‘ds -u ‘turtizad snityAqr x B23 cS Si Zgosoee ts "=Saan gate cea agen cca: carcass cance arog sams ‘ds ‘ua ‘turettzeut snr Aq x ca aa g vad “ploury sisuesutpeos (vyomos0[AP) snpyAy s235 MO eye atiggs assesses peluo0y snqv[jeouvs (uopAyR[q) BAT x Sito) gharsgsiscgr aoa a isa seanes eae cetaon near cac peauoy stpeao (efwoyddry) vay ‘Va0d ANTI fe a (panuyuog)—LSTT TVNOVa [ Vou. 8 University of California Publications in Geology 420 oo x aue00aN IaMO'T PUBIIOMOL, Rag x BULIVS ICL ByURg MM MK MOK Me x saddy orqed urg SOTTO P ULOSOYO x x oun yua0ey Sergeant oat ‘IVA U ‘WINJE[NSU ‘IVA STSMIO[GVIP BOAT], pogaesterss: sasens= Sacco asp nto taeie mei eae na aaa ‘ds ‘u ‘stsuoo0[qvip vlaAty, Seed Ses Spero ests separ osgea aa iparer eset oat cornaraa ‘dsm ‘1qqus vleAty, Jojuodivy vouowyes evUrT[aA, Pesan esau as Saat Tepaea Suid ES yA aT ‘ds ‘u ‘stsuoo[qeip 4 eul[[ay, ae Rg ge ip a ‘ds ‘u ‘tyst[suo vuUl[[ay, Serre easy Go aca aaa ages aaa amen ‘ds ‘tu ‘Tyeqruuey vUTT[aAL Se gee ag ac eee ae pInoy vyeolez “Fo vinstdg Seosstoaetssa an caeatez sass ge peauo0g stwa0FTtyeo vpustdg Soon rare gaees go asec ae acc er 2 See ag cea ae aa peimo0g evireqye vpustdg qqey esstosqe vpnstdg plmoy sheredis walog ‘ds‘u ‘turt1ed wepog Ba aaa peauoy eprony enbrtg Src tae aC goa peruoy snuvoreled snrovyqyoztypag progenies acca sgesr wane cnceaeset ach 2nice peiuoy Ippeyuu snzovyyoztTypog poitetest acre soa cog=tuscga catia 7 ons eoaacet ape naa peauoy MyppeyNU snuoprixeg ids ‘g Blavpoummsurg pRruoy Iy[eyNU viepournsuRg Se ae ees ae pia ara Coe qqey vyyle virepournsurg ea a aera ads ‘svpoud CIEE i aie eee tgs cea ds ‘tu ‘tiapleqys eVlLaieqtg Fe nee ae aac aaa ana a acne ‘ds ‘a ‘tayoq eiaeqyt pe secon sae anaennettgneseege tg Goa o soa cec goes naao ce na anansac ia engan gest c= Ges aaeaos g-ds ‘euutg so} Stsuapowepe vuUlg ‘Vad0d ADATA (panuyuog)—LSTT IVNOVAT Fauna of the San Pablo Group Clark 1915] 9u9000N IaMO'T au07g BULIAAMIIG Bl[[eyNIG VPAVIAVTL eyurs x . a x . = . . x x x x x a . ee. x x . ; . ; © 23 - = S a ° a Big Ss we Ee = & °o ULOSIYOT x xX X KX XK KX KX KX KK X x xX XxX x x xX younxy Sea tee ag oO ee rear ‘ds ‘snuoposdatsy Saray eMizee-eraccntees*reaacseassscasansapacsoaceccochetm a ds ‘u ‘stsuvoqiotd snuoposAay) ‘ds ‘u ‘tppeanq snuroposAayy SR eae octet a aie ‘ds ‘u ‘stsuso0apod WUIY4TIa/) Beep Sertpoatsrapagacsaz a stisatg ies tage ‘ds ‘u ‘stsuatasurpoq stsdor4yisesy Soh Reece coca ero eee tere ‘ds ‘u ‘tiauany stsdorqyisea,) = ‘ds ‘u ‘stsueo[qed erre[poouey Seas sasamseriaonmncs aeaaas oman ipaeaa ta eae eeanesaae ‘ds *u ‘turjrem vaviuydayey BAe oS oc cena eee qqey vyeurour vaerydsyey) Say GPs sions aescroasnaseksicaaa cena senencaesnss sone onan caeene ane qqey esory vovrydspey SN eee eee ‘ds ‘u ‘stsuao0rqeip vovaydApeg SHeh Ese egestesere “IVA ‘U ‘SISUBOTGLIp “IBA “Id suapue[ds vMoysoT[eD SEGRE TSSEApet cee tase Sang garass caste spapsneSssrana gage Tg ao? ange ‘ds ‘eurojsorpeg Saccigy a $2222-bo055 225 22iCaae sos ace annae agee rs aa ‘ds ‘mu ‘wnyzeUredtq BUOJSOT[[eD ca a ea ds ‘u ‘vyeulied vsing Bees anges toa sees aecs Sass ceaseercsercacesttenenraaneceenccere sn ds ‘u ‘stsuaopqed guni44tq tortie (Us geseesttecnccocbsetscaesesHcesene= zi = | —— MOK Ss |) ns z \ Cretaceous a ——— INDEX* Titles of papers in this volume, and names of new species, are printed in a bold-faced type. Acila conradi, figure of, 554. Acmaea martinezensis, 140, figure of, opp. 168. Acrodus, 30. Actaeon lawsoni, figure of, 178. Acteonella oviformis, 263. Adams, cited, 222, 223. Agasoma, 243, 245; geologic range, 244, Agasoma barkerianum, of, 256. var. Clarki, 253; figures of, 256. var. santacruzanum, 252; figures of, 256. gravidum, 251; figures of, 256. sinuatum, 250; figures of, 256. Agasoma-li;e Gastropods, The, the California Tertiary, 243. Alaria, sp., 143; figure of, 172. Allen, G. M., 320; cited, 320, 332. Amauropsis martinezensis, 142, 295; figures of, 170. Amiantis (amiantis) dalli, 465; fig- ures of, 530, 536. Anas, 35. Anchura englishi, 144; figure of, 172. gabbi, 144; figure of, 172. Anderson, F. M., 187; cited, 258, 284, 393, 429. Anderson, X., cited, 393, 432, 441. Andesitie lava flow, 296. Afio Nuevo Bay, San Mateo County, California, 188. Anser, 36. Antelope Valley, _ fault, 297, Aplite, 228. Arca trilineata, figure of, 526. Archean, batholiths of, 232. Architectonica, figure of, 170. tuberculata, figures of, 170. Argobuccinum arnoldi, 192; figures of, 200. scotiaensis, 193; figure of, 200. Arnold, R., 290; cited, 40, 46, 67, 69, 70, 212, 213, 290, 393, 429, 430, 432, 441. Arroyo Trabuco, California, 260. Ashley, G. H., cited, 204. Asteracanthus, 29. ornatissimus, 29. Astor Pass, Nevada, 377. Astralium raymondi, 480; figures of, 560. 252; figures of California, 290; Astrodapsis altus, 371; figures of, 376, tumidus, 370, 390, 398; figures of, 374, 376. var. cierboensis, 370; figures of, 374. whitneyi, 372, 390; figures of, 376, 514, Aturia, 78. mathewsoni, figure of, 180. Avicula pellucida, 265. Baker, C. L., 335, 336; cited, 358. Ball, 8S. H., cited, 358. Barr-Andlau, Strassburg, 229. Barrell, cited 4, 227, 241. Basement complex of the Eocene of the Santa Ana Mountains, 261. Batholith, vagueness of term, 3, 4; distinction between, and _ lacco- lith, 4, 7; nature of, 6; develop- ment of in situ, 6; molten bod- dies, 6; phenomena of intrusion, 7; causes of: stoping, founder- ing of the roof, anatexis, lit-par- lit injection, ete., synelinal pen- dants, 7; metamorphism of, 7, 12; in relation to ore deposition, 232; not characterized by ore bodies in contact zones, 232; Archean, 232; Sierran, 232. Batholithie contact zone, 7. Batholithie intrusion, mechanism of, 5. Bear River, Humboldt County, Cali- fornia, 189, 190, 192. Becker, G. F., cited, 94, 226. Behr, E., 99. Benicia, California, 87. Bingham laccolith, 235. Bingham, Utah, ore deposition at, 226, 228, 230, 233; quartzite, 234. Bird Remains from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, 31. Bittium? pabloensis, 489; figure of, 560. sp. A, figure of, 560. trampasensis, 489. Bisbee, Arizona, ore deposition, 26, Germany, 99 > oo 226, 233, 236; dividend fault, 238. Blake, W. P., 40. Blout, figure of, opp. 312; quartz blout, 316; blout caps, origin of, 317. * Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 8. [573] Index Bone Valley, Nevada, 277. Boreotrophon fleenerensis, 191; fig- ures of, 202. Boulder Batholith, Is the, a Lacco- lith? A Problem in Ore-Genesis, ale Boulder intrusive, 8; size of, no ar- gument against its laccolithic nature, 9. Boulder mass, synclinal structure of. 11; relation to remnants of its roof, 12; metamorphism of, fee- ble, 13. Boutwell, cited, 233. Bowers, S. W., cited, 40, 258. Brachysphingus lratus, 295; figure of, 174. Brainerd, E., 264, 289, 300. Branner, J. C., cited, 68, 213. 3ranta, 36, Brogger, cited, 9. Brown, B., 320; cited, 319, 331. Brown, W. Q., 246. Bryant, Hi. C., 27. Buecinum saundersi, 183; figure of, 200. BUCK ds He 336; 3ull Mountain, Montana, 11. 3ulla hornii, 266. Bullinula subglobosa, figure of, 178. Bursa trampasensis, 492; figure of, 564. 3ushveld laccolith, 8; sag in, 9; dip towards, in Transvaal System (Pretoria Beds), 9. Butte, Montana, quartz-monzonite in, 1; batholith at, a pure as- sumption, 3; ore deposition at, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231. Butterworth, E., 289, 301. 3uwalda, J. P., 40, 257, 278, 284, 305, 335; cited, 279, 284. 3ythiacanthus, 29. Cache Lake beds, California, 93, 94. Cadulus pussilus, 266. Cajon Pass, California, 296. California, University of, excavation work at Rancho La Brea, 320. Calliostoma bicarinatum, 481; figures of, 560. i splendens var. diabloensis, 482; figure of, 560. Calyptraea costallata, 269. diabloensis, 485; figure of, 570. excentrica, 265. filosa, figures of, 560. martini, 486. Camelid, 379. astragalus, figure of, 380. near camelops ?, 381. Camulos, California, 204, 208. Cananea, Sonora, Mexico, ore depo- sition at, 233, 240. Cancellaria elsmerensis, 216; figure of, opp. 218. pabloensis, 503; figures of, 566. tritonidae, figure of, 218. Carboniferous, 309. Carcharodon tooth, 269. Cardita veneriformis, 131. Cardium, ef. breweri, 266. cooperi, 264. gabbi, 390. quadrigenarium, figure of, 524. ef. vaquerosensis, 268. Carpenter, P. P., cited, 427. Carrizo Creek, Colorado Desert, Cali- fornia, 39, 40; formation, 42; map, 141; lower division, 43; up- per division, 43; fauna, 45, 46, 47; echinoderm localities, 51. Carrizo Mountain, Colorado Desert, California, 40. Cathartes, 37. Cave Point, California, 19. Cedar Mountain, Nevada, 336, 337, 338; fauna, 277. Centerville, Humboldt County, Cali- fornia, 191. Cerithiopsis bolingerensis, 490; fig- ures of, 560, sp. A, figures of, 570. turneri, 490; figures of, 560. Cerithium, sp., 143; figure of, 172. butterworthi, 301; figure of, 304. rodeoensis, 491; figures of, 568. Cestraciont Shark, Teeth of, from the Upper Triassic of Northern California, 27. Cestracionts, 30. Chaleocite, secondary, 235; at Ely, Nevada, 312. Chaleopyrite, in granite, 14; mag- matic, in Continental fault, 14. Chico formation, California, 260; Up- per Cretaceous, 395. Chieo, and Martinez, faunas, rela- _tionship of, 112, 120. Chione diabloensis, 468; figure of, 546. elsmerensis, 214; figure of, 218. fernandoensis, 215; figures of, 218. pabloensis, 469; figures of, 546. temblorensis, 268. Christiania laceolith, 9. Chrysodomus andersoni, 186; figure of, 196. buwaldi, 494; figure of, 566. cierboensis, 495; figure of, 566. diabloensis, 495; figure of 566. eurekaensis. 185; figures of, 200. imperialis, figure of, 566. lawsoni, 184; figure of, 196. pabloensis, 469; figure of, 564. purisimaensis, 187; figure of, 196. scotiaensis, 186; figures of, 198. Index sp., ? figure of, 564. tabulatus, 189; figure of, 198. var. colmaensis, 188; figure of, 198. baird, 189. Cidaris, sp., 51; sp., a, 121; sp., e, 121; figures of, 156. Circulation, of ground waters, 221, 222; lateral movement, 226; ris- ing meteoric waters permeating the hot igneous mass, 226; hydro- thermal, 229. Clark, B. L., 365, 385. Clifton-Morenei district, 228, 229, 230, 233, 239. Clypeaster bowersi, 50; figures. of, 58, 60. carrizoensis, 49; figures of, 54. deserti, 49; figure of, 56. gabbi, 390. Cockerell, T. D. A., 320; cited, 320, 326, 330, 331. Coleman, cited, 8, 9, 10. Colorado Desert, California, 39; map of southwestern portion, 41. Comstock, Virginia City, Nevada, ore deposition at, 226. Columbella kirkensis, 492; figure of, 568, Connate waters, 241. Conrad, T. A., cited, 40. Contact, transgressive, 227. Contact deposits, 223. Contact porphyry, association of, with synclinal structure, 240. Contact zones, ore bodies in, not characteristic of batholiths, 232. Conus hayesi, 269. Cooper, J. G., cited, 258. Cope, E. D., cited, 319, 320, 330, 331. Copper Ores at Ely, Nevada, Notes on, 309. Copper ores, in monzonite-porphyry, 310; migratory descent of salts of, 236. Corbula, 264. Cosmacanthus, 29. Coyote Mountain, Colorado Desert, California, 39, 40, 42, 44. Crassatellites brainerdi, 300; figure of, 304. claytonensis, 131; figures of, 164. stewartvillensis, 130; figure of, 164. studleyi, 129; figure of, 164. unioides, 264, 300; figure of, 164. ef. uvasana, 265. Crenella santana, 258. Crepidula pabloensis, 485; figures of, 570. Crystallization, shrinkage due to, 224. Ctenacanthus, 29. Cueullaea bowersi, 258. mathewsonii, figures of, 158. =~ oO Cuspidaria dolabraeformis, figure of, 162. hannibali, 129; figure of, 162. Cylichna costata, 266. Cypraea bayerquei, figure of, 174. Cyrena (Corbicula) californica, 459; figure of, 542. Dall, W. H., classification of, 182; cited, 66, 117, 182, 246, 438. Daly, cited, 5, 7. Dentalium cooper, figure of, 168. Deposition of ore, methods of, 221; in inclusions and salients, 227. Deposits, contact, 223; high tempera- ture, 222. Devil’s Punch-bowl, Rock Creek Quadrangle, California, 295; fault, 292. Devonian, 309. Dickerson, R. E., 17, 61, 257, 289, 299; cited, 68, 299. Diomedea, 34. Diffusion, principle of, 236. Diopside, 222, 228. Diplodonta orbella, figure of, 554. Discohelix californicus, figure of, 168. Dividend fault, Bisbee, Arizona, 238. Dosinia (?) lawsoni, 133; figure of, 164. Dosinia (Dosinella) arnoldi, 459; fig- ures of, 532, 558. merriami, 460; figures of, 528, 534. var. occidentalis, 462; figure of, 530. Drillia fleenerensis, 193; figure of, 202. mercedensis, 194; figures of, 202. Duluth gabbro laceolith, 8; sag in, 9. Echinarachnius brewerianus, 390. Dumble, E. T., cited, 68. Echinoids, of Carrizo Creek Region, 39; of San Pablo, stratigraphic range, 366; relationships, 367. Eldridge, G. H., cited, 70, 204, 206, 211. Eliza fault, 240. Elko, Nevada, 275. Elsmere Cation, California, 203, 205; Vaqueros formation, 203; Monte- rey formation, 203; Fernando formation, 203. Elsmere Ridge, California, 207. Ely, Nevada, alum, 313; copper de- posits, 235, 309; ore deposition, 26, 233; enrichment, 313; molyb- denite, 313; secondary sulfids, chaleocite, pyrite, 312. See also Eureka Pit, Veteran Mine, Ore- porphyry. Emmons, 8. F., cited, 240. Encope tenuis, 47; plates of, 52, 54. English, W. A., 40, 203, 243, 434. Index Kocene, of Atlantic and Gulf states, correlation of, with Martinez, 117; of the Santa Ana Moun- tains, basement complex of, 261; (?) of the Santa Cruz quadran- gle, 102. Eocene, Martinez, of Southern Cali- fornia, New Molluscan Species from, 299. Equus, sp., 378, 381; figures of, 380, opp. 382. occidentalis, 379. pacificus, 379. Escondido formation, California, 296. Esmeralda beds in Stewart Valley, Nevada, figures of, 342, 344, 346. Esmeralda formation, Nevada, 305, BoD: Etchegoin horizon, 442. Eureka Pit, Ely, Nevada, 310; fig- ures of inclusion in ore-porphyry, 312, 314; figures of, 314. Fairbanks, H. W., cited, 40, 44, 394, 429, Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California, 61. Fauna of the San Pablo Group of Middle California, 385. Faunal Zones of the Tejon Group, Note on, 17. Felis atrox, 379, 380; figure of, 380. Fernando formation of Elsmere Cajion, 203, 206. Fernando, Lower, list of fossils from, 209, 210, 211. Fernando Group, The, near Newhall, California, 203. Ficopsis remondii, 266. sp., figure of, 174. Ficus, 243, 244; geologie range, 244. mamillatus, 245, modestus, 246. pyriformis, 246; figure of, 256. rodeoensis, 246; figure of, 254. Fish Creek Mountain, California, 42. Fissurella (?) behri, 141; figure of, 168. Flabellum, 120. remondianum, figures of, 156. Fossil Mollusca from the Later Ma- rine Neocene of California, De- scriptions of New Species of, 181. Fracture zone, 224. Francisean Jurassic, 395; schists, 78; series, 93; formation, 395. Fulmarus, 35, Fusus aequilateralis, figure of, 176. aratus. fioure of, 176. dumblei, 147; figure of, 176. flexuosus, figure of, 176. mathewsonii, figure of, 176. Gabb, W. M., cited, 64, 89, 204, 390; transitionary beds, 89. Gabbs Valley Range, 353. Gadina reticulata, figure of, 560. Garnets, 222; zones, 222, 227. Gastropods, The Agasoma-like, of the California Tertiary, 243. Gerson, G. D., 99. Gester, Clark, 88. Gester, G. E., cited, 68, 69. Gester, S. H., cited, 277. Glauconite, 76. Glycimeris coalingeris, figures of, 526. septentrionalis, figure of, 526. veatchii var. major, 264, 295; fig- ure of, 164. Glymmatacanthus, 29. Goodyear, W. A., cited, 258. Gossan, 236. Granigg, cited, 231. Grapevine Cafion, California, 207. Great Basin area, outline map indi- cating situation of Tertiary de- posits, 336. Grypotherium, 333. Ground-water, 221; circulation of, 222; effect of intrusion on, 240. Gulf of California in Tertiary times, 45, Gyrineum elsmerense, 215; figure of, 218. Gyrodes lineata, 302. Haehl, H. L., cited, 429. Hall, James, cited, 229. Hannibal. H., 129. Harding Cafion, California, 262. Harker, cited, 4. Helena, Montana, 11. Helisoma cordillerana, 351. Hemifusus dalli, 494; figure of, 566. waringi, 146; figure of, 174. Hercoglossa merriami, 150; figures of, 178. Hershey, O., cited, 292, 296. Heteroterma gabbi, figure of, 178. Highland Mountains, Montana, 11. Hipparion or Merychippus, sp., 286. Hipponoé californica, 50; figure of, 52, Holser Cafion. California, 204, 208. Hood, W., 377. Humboldt Pliocene, 278. Humboldt River, Nevada, 277. Huntington, E., cited, 357. Hybodus, 30. Imperial Valley, California, 40, 42. Tone Valley, Nevada, 341; descerip- tion of, 337. Isurus. near planus, 288; figure of, 288. Jacalitos formation, 441; relation to San Pablo formation, 435. Index 999 Johnson, H. R., cited, 222, 296, 393. Jones, J. C., 275, 377; cited, 276, 377, 378. Jones, W. F., cited, 394. Jordan, D. 8., cited, 288. Keith, cited, 228, 233. Kemp, J. F., cited, 230, 240. Kew, M., 40. Kew, W. 8S. W., 39, 122, 365; cited, Ie King, cited, 277, 305, 306, 352. Kirk, cited, 2. Knopf, A., cited, 2, 8, 231, 233, 241. Knoxville beds, 93. Knoxville (Cretaceous?), 395. Laccolith, 224, 228; distinction be- tween, and batholith, 4, 7; def- inition, 5; forms of laccolithic type, 4; as concordant intru- sions, 5; the intrusive mass at Marysville, California, 5; Du- luth gabbro, 8, 9; Sudbury lac- colithic sheet, 8, 9; Bushveld, 8, 9; Christiania, 9; sagging of large laccoliths, 10; intensity of metamorphism in, 12; in rela- tion to ore deposition, 232; Bing- ham, 235. Laccolithie contact zone, 7. Laccolithic hypothesis, consequences of, 13. Laceolithic magma, reaction of up- on roof of intrusive, 5. Laccolithie sheet, Sudbury, in, 9. Lake Lahontan, Nevada, 377. Law of falling temperatures, 242. Lawson, A. C., 1, 99, 102, 185, 219, 336; cited, 66, 99, 309, 310, 316, 347, 395. Leda milleri, 123; figure of, 158. packardi, 123; figures of, 158. Lee, M. L., cited, 240. Leidy, J., cited, 306, 330. Leptothyra danvillensis, 481; figures 8, sag of, 560. Lima(?) claytonensis, 126; figures of, 158. haseltinei, 126; figures of, 160, 162. multiradiata, figure of, 160. Lime-silicate zones, 221. Limestone, in igneous rock, probable Triassic age, 261. Lindgren, W., cited, 219, 221. Littorina pittsburgensis, 484; figure of, 560. : remondii, figure of, 560. Localities, list of, for the fauna of the Martinez Eocene of Califor- rani Alay a lisys8, Lophortyx, 36. Los Angeles Basin, California, 299. Louderback, G. D., 336; cited, 339. 227; of Lunatia hornii, figure of, 170. ef. nuciformis, figures of, 170. Lydekker, R., eited, 327. McKnight, George, 276. McKnight locality, Nevada, 281. Macoma andersoni, 473. diabloensis, 475; figures of, 552. nasuta, figure of, 552. pabloensis, 475; figures of, 552. Macroeallista (?) packi, 136; figure of, 166. Mactra (?) tenuissima, figure of, 168. trampasensis, figure of, 550, Magma, aplitic, 231; laccolithiec, re- action of, upon roof of intrusive, 5. Magma differentiation, and mineral- izing solutions, 242. Magmatie chalcopyrite on Continen- tal Fault, 14. Magmatie concentration of sulphides, 13; in the Golden Curry mine, Elkhorn District, Montana, 13; in the oxidized copper ores of the Bullwhacker mine, 13; in Continental Fault, 13, 14. Magmatie emanations, 2. Magmatie ore-depositing solutions, Magmatie sulfids, 233. See also Mag- matie concentration of sulphides. Magmatie waters, 220; doctrine of hypothesis of, 3, 229; in early stages of intrusion, 241. Magnetite, in ore-porphyry, Ely, Ne- vada, 311. Mammalian Remains, An Occurrence of, in a Pleistocene Lake De- posit at Astor Pass near Pyra- mid Lake, Nevada, 377. Mammalian remains, in northeastern Nevada, 275. Mammals, land, from marine tertiary beds in Tejon Hills, California, 283. Marmorization, 234. Marsh, O. C., cited, 277. Martesia(?) sp., 140. Martin, Bruce, 181. Martinez Eocene Fauna of, 61. Martinez Eocene of Southern Cali- fornia, New Molluscan Species from, 299. Martinez Eocene, The, and Associ- ated Formations at Rock Creek on the Western Border of the Mohave Desert Area, 289. Martinez, The, and Tejon Hocene, and Associated Formations of the Santa Ana Mountains, 257. Martinez Formation in California: areal distribution, 69; map of, 90; compared with Tejon forma- 9 of California, Index tion, 69, 77, and the unconform- ity between, 79, 267; north of Mt. Diablo, lower and middle zones, 71, 103; relations with Chico, and 'lejon, 263, figure of, 72, map of, 73; at Selby smelter (type locality), 81, 88, 103; at Benicia, 87, 103, 104; at Lower Lake, Lake County, 89, 103, map of contact formations, 90; in San Mateo County, 99, at San Pedro Point, 103; correlation with Eocene of Atlantic and Gulf states, 117, 120; list of loeali- ties, 152-154; at Rock Creek, 293; Lower Eocene, 395. Fauna: summary, 106; list of species, 107-111; climate during relationship with Chico, and Te- jon, 112, 114, 120; time-interval between deposition, 117. Stratigraphy, sections of, at: San Pedro Point, San Mateo County, 103; Benicia, 104; Lower Lake, Lake County, 104; near Mar- tinez at type locality, 104; near Selby smelter, Carquinez Straits, 104; Martinez-EHocene © strata, plate of columnar sections, 105; north of Mount Diablo, 106. Marysville intrusive mass, 11; ores at, 227, 230. Matehuala, ore deposition at, 230, 241. Matthew, W. D., 320. Meekia sella, 263. Membranopora (?) sp., 122. Mendenhall, W. C., cited, 40, 258, 261. Merced series, near Santa Rosa, Cali- fornia, 194. Meretrix. 135; figure of, 166. dalli, 135, 264; figures of, 166; zone in Martinez formation, 71, 73, 74, 98, 103: stantoni, 134, 264; figures of, 166. Merriam, J. C., 99, 102, 275, 283, 289, 320, 336, 365, 377; cited, 64, 65, 66, 67, 121, 204, 277, 305, 350, 388, 391, 392, 395, 429, 440, 442. Merychippus, sp., 276, 279; figures of, 280. 286. Merycodus, sp., 276, 280, 287; figure of, 280. 287. Metamorphism, between batholiths and laccoliths, intensity of, 12, 13; temporal, 229; reactionary, 229; thermal, 233. Meteoric waters, hypothesis of, 229; lower limit, 241. Metis alta, figure of, 558. Midway formation of the Gulf states, 117, 120. Miller, L. H., 31; cited, 224. Mineralizing solutions and magma differentiation, 242. Miocene, lowermost, 260. Modiolus bakeri, 128; figure of, 162. directus, figure of, 514. gabbi, 458; figure of, 526. merriami, figure of, 162. ornatus, 264. stalderi, 182; figures of, 202. Mohave beds, 279. Mohave Desert area, 289. Molengraaff, cited, 8, 9. Mollusca, Fossil, New Species of from the Later Marine Neocene of California, 181. Molluscan Species, New, from the Martinez Eocene of California, 299. Molopophorus (?) howardi, 301; fig- ures of, 304. Monterey group, formation of Els- mere Cafion, 203; Lower Neo- cene, 395; relation to San Pablo group, 398, 408, 412, 414. Monzonite of Wearv Flat, Veteran Mine, Ely, Nevada, 310. Monzonite-porphyry, copper ores in, 310. Moran, R. B., 184, 205. Morenci, 228, 229, 230. Muir Station, California, 116. Mulinia densata, 390, 398; figure of, BU pabloensis, figures of, 550, 554. Murex (Ocinebra) dalli, 501; figures of, 564. packardi, 501; figures of, 568. selbyensis, 502; figures of, 564. Mya (Cryptomya) ovalis, 479; figures of, 550. dickersoni, 478; figures of, 556. (Platydon) cancellatus, figure of, ' 558. Mylodon garmani, 319, 331; meas- urements, of skull, 326, of den- tition, 329. harlani, 319, 320, 322, 330, 334; measurements of, 326; figures of, 321, 323. renidens, 331. robustus, 322. sodalis, 320. suleidens, 331. Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea, Skull and Dentition of, 319. Mytilus, cf. ascia, 265; figure of, 162. merriami, 455; figures of, 526. (mytiloconcha) trampasensis, 457. perrini, 456; figures of, 514. trampasensis, figures of, 514. Index Nassa moraniana, 183; figures of, 202. pabloensis, 493; figures of, 560. Natica (Euspira) diabloensis, 486; figure of, 566. kirkensis, 487; figures of, 568. (Gyrodes) sp., figure of, 170. lineata, 141; figure of, 170. pinyonensis, 302; figures of, 304. (Neverita) arnoldi, 488; figures of, 566. pabloensis, 488; figures of, Nautilus stephensoni, 150; figures 180. Nemacanthus, Neptunea cretacea, figure of, 174. mucronata, figure of, 174. Nerita (?), figure of, 168. biangulata, 141; figure of, 168. Nettion, 35. Nevada, west-central, 338. Newberry, J. S., cited, 389. Newhall, California, 203. Noble, L. F., 290, 301. Note on the Faunal zones of the Tejon Group, 17. Occurrence, The, of Tertiary Mam- malian Remains in Northeastern Nevada, 275. Oidemia, 36. Olivella claytonensis, 147; figure of, 176. pedroana, figure of, 568. Ore, association of, with fissures, 230; pyrogenic, an early differ- entiate, 241; with tourmaline, paragenesis of, 231; bodies of, in contact zones not character- istic of batholiths, 232. Deposition in and near Intrusive Rocks by Meteoric Waters, 219. deposition, methods of, 221; in inclusions and salhents, 297: in limestone in igneous rock, 227; at Butte, Montana, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231; in relation to laceo- liths and batholiths, 232; gene- tie connection of with intrusive phenomena, 232; relation to syneclinal structure, 233; peri- pheral disposition of, 242; se- quence of, 242. porphyry, Ely, Nevada, 310; magnetite in, 311; Se in, 311; alteration of, 311, 312; kaolinization, 312; sericitiza. tion, 312; inclusion in Eureka Pit, figures of, 312, 314; pyro- clastic dykes in, 317, 318. Orecanthus, 29. Orindan formation, 395; San Pablo group, 408. 566. of, 208 contour map, Ore Ore Ore relation to [579 | series, Mohave Desert, 92909 292. Oro Grande California, Oroville, California, Tejon group at, (3) Osmont, V. C., Ostrea bourgeoisii, of, 516. buwaldana, eldridgei, 268. titan, figure of, 518. weaveri, 127; figure of, 162. Ovula martini, 145; figure of, 172. cited, 393. 390, 447; figure 127; figure of, 162. Owen, R., cited, 319, 330, 332, 333. Oyster Point, California, 19. Pack, R. W., 99, 283; cited, 69, 88, 283. Packard, BE. L., 92, 257. Pallett Creek, California, 297. -anope, ef. generosa, 268; figure of, 554, Paphia (?) clarki, 136; figure of, 166. staminea, figure of, 542. Paracyathus (?), 121; figures of, 156. Paradise Range, Nevada, 356. Paragenesis of tourmaline and ore, 231. Paramylodon nebrascensis, 319, 320, 322; measurements of, 326. Parsons, cited, 68. Pecten, sp., figure of, 162. bilineatus, figures of, 558. bowersi, 268. (chlamys?), 128. pabloensis, 452. cierboensis, figure of, 52 erassicardo, 268, 389; ae of, 520. crassiradiatus, figure of, 524. estrellanus, figure of, 524. holwayi. figure ‘Oil 524, interradiatus, Amure of, 162. lompocensis, 268. (Lyropecten) crassicardo, figure of, 522. pabloensis, 389; figures of, 524, 526. (Pallium) holwayi, 454. (Patinopecten) weaveri, 454. (Pecten) cierboensis, 449. raymondi, 450; figures of, 522, 524, (Plagioctenium) Dbilineatus, 448. crassiradiatus, 450. weaveri, figures of, Perissolax brevirostris, 263. tricarnatus, figure of, 176. Perris peneplain, 259, 270, Petricola buwaldi, 471; figure of, 550. Phacoides diaboli, 132; figure of, 164. muirensis, 132; figures of, 164. quadrata, 131; figure of, 164. ef. richthofeni, 268; figures 554. of, Index santacrucis, 268. tenuisculpta, figure of, 554. turneri, figure of, 164. Phalacrocorax, 35, Pholadomya nasuta, figures of, 162. Pico Cafion, California, 207. Pilot Mountains, Nevada, 356. Pinna alamedensis, 446; figure of, 526. barrowsi, 125; figure of, 160. Pinole Tuff, Cal ifornia, 389, 395; re- lation to San Pablo group, 399, 408, Pirsson, L. V., cited, 224. Pitaria behri, 467; figures of, stalderi, 468; figures of, 536 Plicatula ostreaformis, figure of, 162. Pliocene, of California, 181; Hum- boldt, 278. Pneumatolitic methods, 231. Powers, J. R., 88. Principle of diffusion, 236. Proboscidean Tooth, A, from the fruckee Beds of Western Ne- vada, 305. Protohippine forms of land mam- mals, 285. Psammobia (?) cylindrica, 139; fig- ures of, 168. horni, figure of, 166. Pseudocardium gabbi, 390. Puffinus, 35. ; Pyrite, at Ely, Nevada, 312. Pyroclastie dykes, Ely, Nevada, inclusions in, 318. Quartz blout, 316. Quartz-porphyry, 228. Quartzite, 234. Querquedula, 36. Rancho La Brea, California, 320, 322. Rangia, sp., 44. Panaonie: 10 as 102; ues: 236.2238: Reinhardt, J., cited, 3 Remains of Land Aen from Ma- rine Tertiary Beds in the Tejon Hills, California, 283. Resorption, 224. Rhinoceros pacificus, 278. Rhinocerotid ? tooth, figure of, 288. Rhynchonella (?) sp., 122; figures of, 158. Ricardo peneplain, 260, 270. Ringinella. cf. pinguis, 265; figures of, 178. Rivers, J. J., 190. Rock Creek, California, 289; fault, 297; quadrangle, 290; map of, 291. Rosenbush, cited, 229. Russell, I. C., cited, 345. Ruth mine, Ely, Nevada, 236. Sales, cited, 3. 10, 13, 14. Salton Sea, California, 44. ew har =] San Fernando Pass, California, 207. San Fernando Valley, California, 209. San Francisco Basin, 299. San Gabriel Range, California, 205, 290. San Juan River, California, 260. San Pablo formation (group), 365; stratigraphic range of echinoids, 366, and relationships of, 367; geographic occurrence, 393; stratigraphic position and gen- eral character in middle Cali- fornia, 395; relation to Monte- rey group, 398, 408, 412, 414; re- lation to Pinole Tuft, 399, 408; relation to Orindan formation, 408; list of known species in, 416; fauna of, 424, and relation to Recent fauna, 427; correla- tions, 428; discussion of, 437; position in the neocene section of California, 434; relation to Jacalitos formation, 4385; rela- tion to Santa Margarita forma- tion, 435; relations to Etche- goin and other formations cor- related, 434; relation to Scutel- la breweriana beds, 436; map of, 572. San Pablo Sea, temperature condi- tions, 427. Sanguinolaria ?, 477; figure of, 552. alata, 476; figure of, eciee 554, nuttallii, figure of, 552. Santa Ana “Mountains, California, geologic history, 269; faulting, 270; geologic map, 272. Santa Ana River, California, 258. ; Santa Clara River Valley, Califor- nia, 204. Santa Cruz folio, cited, 68; quadran- gle, eocene (?) of, 102. Santa Margarita formation, relation to San Pablo formation, 435. Santa Paula, California, 204. Santa Rosa Mountains, California, 44, Santiago Peak, Santa Ana Range, California, 258. Saturation of sedimentary rocks, 223. Saunders, Fred, 183. Saxidomus (?) noblei, 300; figure of, 304. nuttallii, figures of, 544. Schizaster lecontei, 121; figures of, 156. Schizothaerus nuttallii, figure of, 548. Scotia, Humboldt County, California, 186; new species from Wild Cat series, 185. Scutella (2?) breweriana, 371, 390; beds, relation to San Pablo formation, 436. fairbanksi, 268, 368. Index gabbi, 367, 390; figures of, 374. n. var. tenuis, 368; figure of, 374. norrisi, 268. oregonensis, 368. pabloensis, 369; figures of, 374. Selby Smelter, type locality of Mar- tinez formation, 81, 88. Seraphs (?) thompsoni, 144; figures of, 1 Shoshone Mountains, Idaho, 356. Silification, 234, Siliqua lucida, figure of, 518. Sill, 224. Silverado Cafion, California, 262. Siphonalia danvillensis, 497. (?)lineata, figure of, 174. pabloensis, figure of, 564. Skull and Dentition of the Mylodont Sloths of Rancho La Brea, 319. Smith, G. O., cited, 358. Smith, J. P., cited, 339, 416, 435. Solen parallelus, 266. perrini, 477; figure of, 518. stantoni, figure of, 168; zone, 81, 84, 103. Spisula abscissa, figure of, 546. ef. catilliformis, 269; figure of, 548, ef. merriami, 266, (?) weaveri, 139, 264; figures of, 168. Spurr, J. E., cited, 241, 351, 352. Stalder, Walter, 183. Stanton, T. W., cited, 64, 67, 88, 91. Stearns, R., cited, 94. Stewart Valley, Nevada, seription of, 337. Stock, C., 319; cited, 327. Stoner, R., 284; cited, 78. Stoping, overhead, 5, 7, 224. Strophodus shastensis, 27; sym- physial (?) tooth, 28; reticula- tions of, 28, 29; illustrations of, 28. Sturnella, 37. Sudbury laecolithie am 9: Sulfids, precipitation of, above wa- ter table, 3815; secondary, at Ely, Nevada, 312; magmatic, 233; of pyrogenic origin, 235. Sureula, sp., 149; figures of, 176. fairbanksi, 148; figure of, 176. merriami, 48; figure of, 176. (surculites) andersoni, 149; figure of, 176. Synclinal structure, and ore deposi- tion, 233; association of contact porphyry with, 240. Synthliboramphus, 34. Taff, J. A., cited, 68. Tapes (?) quadrata, figure of, 166. 341; sheet, 8; sag de- [581] Teeth of a Cestraciont Shark from the Upper Triassic of Northern California, 27. Tegula (chlorastoma) 482; figures of, 560. nashi, 483; figures of, 560. Tejon formation, 260; south of Mt. Diablo, 18; zone 1, 20; zone 2, 22; zone 3, 23; Siphonalis sut- terensis zone, 23; transgression of the Tejon Sea, 24, 266; coal in, 25, 270; local unconformities, 25; at Merced Falls, 70; at San Pedro Point, San Mateo County, 70; at San Diego, 70; at Marys- ville Buttes, 70; uneonformity between and Martinez, 79, 267; fauna, relationship of, to Mar- tinez, 112, 114, 120, time-inter- val between deposition of, 117. Tejon Hills, California, 283. Tellina? diabloensis, 471; figure of, 552. danvillensis, englishi, 472; figures of, 552. hannibali, 473; figure of, 552 ef. herndonensis, 264. herndonensis, 136; figure ef, hornii, 266, kewi, 138, 264; figure of, mathewsonii, 263. ef. ocoyana, 269. ooides, 263. packardi, 137; figure of, 166. perrini, 137; figure of, 166. salmonea, figures of, 552. undulifera, 264; figures of, 166. Terebra martini, 216; figure of, 218. Terebratulina tejonensis, figure of, 158. Teredo, figure of, 168. Termier, cited, 7; criterion of, 12. Tertiary Echnoids of the Carrizo Creek Region in the Colorado Desert, 39. Tertiary Echinoids from the San Pablo Group of Middle Califor- nia, 365. Tertiary Mammal Beds of Stewart and Ione Valleys in West-Central Nevada, 335. Tetrabelodon (?), sp., cheek-tooth, 307. Thais lima, figure of, 566. vaquerosensis, 268, 269. Thousand. Creek beds, Nevada, 441. Tivela diabloensis, figures of, 538. var. angulatum, figure of, 542. gabbi, 464; figures of, 540, 542. inezana, 268. (Pachydesma) diabloensis, 462. var. angulatum, 463. gabbi, 464. Topatopa formation, 70. 166. figures of 5 Index ‘Yourmaline, 2; ore, 231; duct, 231. Tourmaliniferous dykes, 232; ules, 241. Toyabe Range, 356. Transitionary beds of Gabb, 89. Transvaal system, dip in, 9. Tremolite, 228. Tritonium (?) buwaldi, 145; figure of, 174. martinezensis, 146; figure of, 174. Tritonfusus fortunasensis, 189; fig- ures of, 202. riversi, 190; figure of, 200. Trochocyathus zitteli, 76, 81; fig- ures of, 156; fauna of zone in Martinez formation, 74, 75, 76, paragenesis of, and a concentration pro- glob- 103. Trophon carisaensis, 497; figures of, 562. dickersoni, 498; figures of, 566. gracilis Perry var. pabloensis, 498; figures of, 562. lawsoni, 499; figures of, 564. ponderosum, 499, figures of, 562. var. pabloensis, 500. Trophosycon, 245; geologic 244, clallamense, 250. ef. kernianum, 269. kernianum, 248; figure of, 254. nodiferum, 247; figures of, 256. oregonense, 250. stanfordense, 249; figures of, 254. Truckee beds, 279; in western Ne- vada, 305; age, 305, 308. Tufa, dendritic, 378; thinolite, 378; lithoid, 378. Turbinella crassitesta, of, 174. Turbinolia fauna, 21. Turner, H. W., cited, 339, 342, 390. Turris elsmerensis, 216; figure of, 218. fernandoensis, 217; figure of, 218. kirkensis. 504; figures of, 568. louderbacki, 147; figures of, 176. Turritella clarki, 142; figure of, 170. inezana, 268; zone, 258. infragranulata, 265; figures alyAO), range, 302; figure of, [582] martinezensis, 295; figure of, 170. ocoyana, 269; zone, 258. pachecoensis, 264, 265, 294, 295; figures of, 172. uvasana, 22, 266; beds, 116. Types of Ore Deposits, cited, 221, 230. Tyrrell, cited, 224. Iniversity of California, excavation work at Rancho La Brea, 320. Upper San Pedro Pleistocene, 31. Urosyea caudata, figures of, 174. robusta, figure of, 174. Van Hise, C. R., cited, 223. Vaqueros formation, 267; mere Canon, 203, 206. Vaughan, T. W., cited, 47. Venericardia planicosta, 264. Venus (?) sp., 133; figure of, 164. martini, 470; figure of, 538. Veteran Mine, Elv, Nevada, 310; monzonite of Jeary Flat, 310; flow-structure .* the Veteran monzonite-porphy vy, 311. Viviparus turneri, 351 Volutopsis eurekaensis of, 196. Ward, cited, 231, Waters, ground, cireulat on of, 221, 222; lateral movement, 226; ris- ing meteoric waters | \ermeating the hot igneous mass, 226, Watts, W. L., cited, 204, 212. Weaver, C. E., 92; cited, 6’, 67, 79, 117, 392, 393, 432, 438. © Weed, cited, 1, 8, 224. West, C. W., 275 of Els- 190; figure 275. Whitman, A. R., 309. Whitney, J. D., cited, 389. Wildcat Series, Scotia, California, 193; new species from, 185. Williams Cafion, California, 262. Willis, B., cited, 358. Woodward, A. S., cited, 333. Xenophora zitteli, figure of, 170. Yoldia carnarosensis, 446; figure of, 526. gesteri, 124; figure of, 158. (?) powersi, 124; figure of, 158. Yuha Buttes, California, 42, 45. Zirphdea dentata, figures ot, 556. Index ERRATA Page 62, line 21 from bottom. For Rhynconella read Rhynchonella, Page 121. Omit line 12 from bottom. Page 128, line 6. For Chalamys read Chlamys. Page 142. For Turitella read Turritella. Page 145. For Thomson read Thompson. Page 156, line 8. For Fabellum read Flabellum. Page 158, line 3. For Rhynconella read Rhynchonella. Page 174. For crassatesta read erassitesta. Page 245. The following lines are missing at the foot of the page: east of Lompoc. It has not been reported from any more northern loeality of California. Listed from the Olequa Formation (Eocene) of Washington (Arnold and Hannibal). Page 552. For mutallii read nuttallii. Page 560, line 14. For Nasa read Nassa. Page 560, lines 4 and 5 from bottom. For Calytraea read Calyptraea. Page 564. For Chryodomus read Chrysodomus. Page 568, lines 7 and 17. For Natice read Natica. [583] odents of Get oihie ay coher Kellogg 8 from Late Cenozoic Beds of the Pacifie Coast Region, by John C. etetey Gocied in Gece Ay Gorredimavis Loddarieel oe i ae Torey on Fossil Sharks, by David Starr Jordan and Carl Hugh Beal .. Kull and Dentition of a Camel from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, by fae Che IVE SRST iT SANE SB a PH RS cae Meng etrographic Designation of Alluvial Fan Formations, by Andrew C. Lawson... A Peculiar Horn or Antler from the Mohave Miocene of California, by John C. Mer- pour eaiam and Megalonyx from the Pleistocene of Southern California, by (sh 3) EOI ES Seas aie EGS os SOC URE nana Ut Se Notes on the Canid Genus Tephrocyon, by John C. Merriam ...........2-..::..ece-ceseeceeneceeeeee ertebrate Fauna of the Orindan and Siestan Beds in Middle California, by John oe ETH Sa Si ETA a8 ee ob Pe ec eee Ne A a ea A mt Observations on the Mode of Accumulation of the Pleistocene Bone Deposits Mmkameio la Brea, by Repinald O. Stoner: ce cicti lo cks ete cnee wsontbicesnnsseapbaoersecsdnene reliminary Report on the Horses of Rancho La Brea, by John C. Merriam ............ new? Anchitheriine Horses from the Tertiary of the Great Basin Area, by John C. e on the Leet Zones of the Tejon Group, by Roy HE. Dickerson ........--..----------« eeth of a Cestraciont Shark from the Upper Triassic of Northern California, by SE EEE ae Rs SS AS ork ht he ee Oona Bird Remains from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, by Loye Holmes Miller. vet Eehinoids of the Carrizo Creek Region in the Colorado Desert, by William We ROW nen sneeneeneenceneeeessnneemennentsasenennsnane censenancenastaenernersnesansneesssareeeaeenessesasnesaetacenaseenseneenenn ascription~ of New Species of Fossil Mollusea from the Later Marine Neocene of BeeuEecriiaabys Enice. Aartiny 2:..2e.. sesmerecc scee cer iees tt, wie eo 2 ee a ate 8. he Fernando Group near Newhall, California, by Walter A. English........0.2.-----:-0+- ie 9. Ore Deposition in and near Intrusive Rocks by Meteoric Waters, by Andrew C. . The Agasoma-like Gastropods of the California Tertiary, by Walter A. English...... The Martinez and Tejon Hocene and Associated Formations of the Santa Ana _ Mountains, by Roy PES DUC OV SOM inno onetime nt onan ntnanstcnte went cntet enc dtnefonsegeenddencentucener ote Pe =O. Merriam gs AP SRN eR hr OE a ae Re oR nn oe a en en Re ea Remains of Land Mammals from Marine Tertiary Beds in the Tejon Hills, Cali- (TL a pap eB ED aya ORS 201 Key as IAM are ee oor ie Mee hase eee ae une Lag he Martinez Eocene and Associated Formations at Rock Creek on the Western order of the Mohave Desert Area, by Roy He Dickerson ........2.......2-sssectececeeeseeeesee Molluscan Species from the Martinez Eocene of Southern California, by Roy era sie a MS a em ie Wee) a chee es ete eS ee ah ae een 2p Mg | DN Ee ct. acee na nns un lo ena see s on the Copper Ores at Ely, Nevada, = Aifret Re Whitman 20.2.2 land Dentition of the Myledont Sloths of Rancho La Brea, by Chester Stock. E 3 mal Beds of Stewart and Ione Valleys in West-Central Nevada, by piald ; ae near eee iy Nevada, ee SenupomMiewiam lw as. 7 ye." ( ane of bie San Pablo Group of Middle California, by Bruce L. Clark.............. Proboscidean Tooth from the Truckee Beds of Western Nevada, by John P. As vessel ? iy hea i BAER v3 re (oh iM 4 Ea: 1.6 wii 3 9088 0