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COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,

AT DAKVAKD COLLEGE, VAUBRID6E, MASS.

The gift of t/u C>UMmjiri6 ^^XxM.

T

BULLETIN NO. 11

OF THE

ILLINOIS STATE MUSEUM

'^llL OF

NATURAL HISTORY.

NEW SPECIES OF P\L^]OZOIC INVERTEBKATES
FROM ILLINOIS AND OTHER STATES.

By S. a. MILLER and Wm. F. E. GDRLEY.

iU

^

I'lihlishpd (jiiarterly by the Illinoie State Miisenm of Natural Uistory.

Speingfield, Illinois.
August 20, 1896.

Entered as second class matter at the Postoflice at Springfield, III.

SPKINGFIELD, ILL.
Ki>. V, Hartman, State Printer,

1896.

SEP 17lim

BULLETIN NO. ii

OF THE

ILLINOIS STATE MUSEUM

OF

NATURAL HISTORY.

NEW SPECIES OF PAL.i:OZOIC INVERTEBRATES
FROM ILLINOIS AND OTHER STATES.

By S. a. MILLER and Wm. F. E. GDRLEY.

Published nimrterly by the Illinoie State Hiiseam of Natnral History.

Spkinofield, Illinois.
August 20, 1896.

Entered ae second clasa matter at the PostoHice at Springfield, III.

SPKINGFIELD, ILI..
Ki). K. Hartman, State Printer.

1896.

ILLINOIS STATE MUSEUM

OF

NATURAL HISTORY

SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS.

Board of Trustees.

John P. Altgeld, Governor.

William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State.

S. M. Inglis, Superintendent of Public Instruction.

George Walter Murray,

Secretary.
William F. E. Gurley,

State Geologist and Curator.

NEW SPECIES OF PALAEOZOIC INVERTEBRATES FROM
ILLINOIS AND OTHER STATES.

BY S. A. MILLER AND \YM. F. E. OURLEY.

SUBKENGDOM MOLLUSCA.

CL^SS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
ORDER SIPHON IDA.
FAMILY CARDIID.E.

LUNULIOARDIUM GRANDE n. sp.

Plate I, Fig. 1, right valve; Fig. 2, left valve of another spec-
imen; Fig. 3, anterior view of same.

Shell very large, subovate. Valves highly convex or tumid.
Height about one- sixth more than the length. Anterior side
rounded and recurved toward the basal margin. Posterior and
basal margins broadly rounded. Beaks near the middle, prom-
inent and incurved over the cardinal line. Umbones gibbous and
gradually merged into the convexity of the valves. Thickness
through the greatest convexity of the valves about one-sixth less
than the greatest length. Surface marked by from seventy to
ninety fine radiating plications, that increase in size without divis-
ion or implantation, toward the margin of the shell. Our speci-
mens are casts but the plications are so distinct, that without
careful inspection, one might suppose he was looking at the shell
itself. There are some undefined concentric undulations of growth
of the shells preserved on the casts.

This species is so different from any other defined Lunulicar-
dinm that no comparison with any of them is necessary. It may
not be a Lunulicardium but as the hinge line and interior are

6

unknown in any species of Lunulicardium it is referred to the
genus, but it approaches nearer tj it in external appearance than
to any other <i;enu8.

Found by R. A. Blair in rocks of the age of the Hamilton
Group at Providence, Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A.
Miller.

, LUNULICARDIUM RETRORSUM, n. Sp.

Pldte II, Fig. 26, right valve of large specimen; Fig. 27, left
valve of small specimen; Fig. 28, cardinal view of same.

Shell small, obliquely subovate. Valve highly convex. Height
about one- fourth more than the length. Anterior side recurved
and merged into the basal margin. Posterior margin somewhat
truncated and then gently rounded to the post basal extremity.
Basal margin abruptly rounded at the post basal margin. Beaks
near the middle, very prominent and incurved over the hinge line.
Umbones gibbous and gradually merged into the general convexity
of the valves. Thickness or width through the greatest convexity
of the valves equal to the length. Surface marked by sixty or
seventy fine radiating plications that increase by implantation in
the umbonal region. There are also undefined concentric undula-
tions of growth of the shells preserved on the casts. Our speci-
mens are casts quite well preserved.

This species is distinguished by the great convexity of the
valves, prominent incurving beaks and retrorse or recurved ante-
rior margin.

Found by R. A. Blair in the Chouteau limestones, near Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

BLAIRELLA, n. gen.
Shell equivalve, inequilateral, elliptical, subovate or subcircular.
Margins closed. Beaks anterior to the middle and incurved. Um-
bones high and merging into the general convexity of the shell
below. Cardinal line straight posterior to the beaks. Ligament
external and contained in a groove along the cardinal line. No
cincture on the sides of the values. Surface marked by concentric
undulations or concentric lines of growth. There is a concave
pit beneath the beak of the right valve, anterior to which there is
a single tooth and posterior to which there is a strong bifid tooth.
Muscular impressions and pallial line not observed. Type B.
sedaliensis.

In general form this genus most, resembles Edmondia and if we
had not found the hinge teeth and hinge line we would have con-
tented ourselves by referring the species to that genus. But Ed-
mondia has a narrow hinge and no teeth; while this genus has
a wide hinge, three teeth and a pit beneath the beak, which sep-
arate the genera into distinct families. Edmondia is classed with
the Cardiomorphidiv while this genus, by its internal structure,
allies itself with radiately ribbed shells and may provisionally be
referred to the Cardiida\ The generic name is in honor of the
veteran naturalist and collector R. A. Blair, of Sedalia, Missouri.

BLAIRELLA 8EDALIENSIS, n. sp.

Plate I, Fig. 4, hinge line; Fig. 5, outer side of the same shell,

ivliich is eroded; Fig. 6, right valve of a cast; Fig. 7,

rigid valve of anotlier cast; Fig. 8, Cardi

nal view oj the same specimen.

Shell subovate to subcircular. Length from one fifth to one
fourth greater than the height. Cardinal line straight, posterior
to the beaks, and more than half the length of the shell. An-
terior, posterior and basa! margins rounded. The posterior mar-
gin a little more acutely rounded than the anterior, and the basal
margin more broadly rounded than either of them. Valves regu-
larly convex and somewhat gibbous in the umbonal region. Width
or thickness through the valves nearly equal to half the greatest
length of the shell. Beaks forward of the line of the anterior
third, prominent, and incurved over the hinge. Post cardinal and
antero-cardinal slopes concave. Shell thick on the cardinal line
and at the anterior end. Cardinal line grooved externally for the
ligament. Large concave pit beneath the beak of the right valve,
anterior to vvhich, there is a long tooth, and posterior, to which,
there is a strong bifid tooth. Surface marked by very numerous
concentric lines of growth.

Found by R. A. Blair and also by S. A. Miller, in the Chou-
teau limestone, near Sedalia, Missouri, and now in the collection
of S. A. Miller.

8
Family CARDIOMOEPHID.E.

EDMONDIA ALBEBSI, U. sp.

Plate I, Fig. !), right valve; Fig. 10, left valve of another speci-
men; Fig. 11, cardinal view of same specimen unth point
of beak of left valve broken off, and beak at
right valve broken off.

Species rather large, six specimens at hand, one smaller and one
larger than either one illustrated. Shell subcircular, our speci-
mens are casts, and the length and height aresubequal. Cardinal
line is gently curving, anterior end somewhat sharply rounded,
posterior end subtruncate, shell most produced at the posterior
lower margin. Beaks a little forward of the central part, high,
and curving over the cardinal line. Umbones high, anterior and
posterior sides subangular, the angularity merging below into the
general convexity of the shell. Valves somewhat gibbous in the
middle part. Pallial line curves quite regularly and is near the
margin. Surfaces of the casts retain the evidences of five concen-
tric lines on the shell.

We have little doubt about the generic reference of this species,
though the hinge is unknown, and it bears no near resemblance,
in form, to any other described species.

Found by R. A. Blair, in the Chouteau limestone, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller. The specific
name is in honor of Mr. A. Albers, a very good pali^ontologiet as
well as an excellent artist.

CHiENOMYA LONGA, n. sp.

Plate I, Fig.- 12, cardinal view; Fig. 13, left valve.

Species medium size. Shell more than three times as large as
high. Cardinal line concave, less than half the length of the
shell. Ligament external. Anterior end narrowly rounded and
closed. Posterior end widely gaping, dilated and produced nearly
half the length of the shell, from the end of the hinge line, to
the postero-basal margin. Basal margin nearly straight, though
slightly constricted in the middle part. Beaks near the anterior
end, somewhat acute and incurved. Umbonal area depressed and
from which arises a broad undefined cincture, that extends to the
basal margin. Post umbonal slope angular, but gradually loses

9

the angularity, posterior to the end of the hinge line, and mer-
ges into the general convexity of the shell, toward the post-basal
extremity. Dorsal side of eaeh valve flattened and inclined from
the post umbonal slope to the external ligament. Surface marked
by strong concentric lines of growth below the post umbonal slope
but between that and the hinge line the concentric lines are much
smaller.

This is a marked species and no comparison with any other is
necessary.

Found by E. A. Blair, in the Chouteau limestone, near Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

SPHENOTUS aiNOATIJS, n. Sp.

ridtc If, Fig. 20, right valve of hirge specimen: Fig. 30, left

valre of a smaller specimen believed to belong io

the same species.

Specimens variable, in size, from one-half as large as the
smaller one illustrated to one-fourth larger than the larger
illustration. Shell trapezoidal. Cardinal line straight or slightly
arched. Anterior end gently rounded below the beaks. Posterior
margin obliquely truncate and then rounded into the basal margin.
Basal margin broadly and slightly conttricted in the middle part,
halves depressed convex on the sides but more gibbous in the
umbonal region. Length twice as great as the height. Beaks at
tlie anterior end, small, flattened and appressed. Umbones angular
from the beak down the posterior slope to the post inferior ex-
tremity. Post cardinal slope convex and marked along the center
by a median angular ridge, in some specimens, and by two
median ridges separated by a concave furrow in others, which
extend to the lower end of the oblicjue truncation of the posterior
margin. On our larger specimens, which we regard as the types
of the species, there are two median ridges, on the posterior
cardinal slope, and only one, on the smaller specimens. Cincture
oblique and extends from the beak to the constriction in the basal
margin. Surface marked by concentric lines of growth. All of
our specimens are casts. No part of the shell is preserved.

This is a marked species and no comparison with any other is
necessary.

Found by R. A. Blair, in the Chouteau limestone, near Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.
—2

10

ORDER ASIPHONIDA.

Family ARCID^.

MACnODON FACETU8, U sp.

Plate I, Fi(j. 14, cardinal view; Fig. ]'>, right valve, both ends

of the specimen are broken; Fig. IC, surface oj the

cast magnified six diameters.

Species small Our specimens are casts but part of the surface
markings of the shell are preserved. Shell elongate, about or
more than twice as long as high; highest about the anterior third.
Valves convex and thickness about equal to the height. Cardinal
line straight and a little short of the greatest length of the shell.
Anterior end angular at the cardinal line and then rounded into
the basal margin. Posterior end obliquely truncated, from the
end of the cardinal line, and then narrowly rounded, at the post-
basal extremity, into the basal margin. Basal margin broadly and
somewhat evenly rounded. Beaks near the anterior end and in-
curved above the hinge line. Umbones prominent and fading
into the general convexity of the shell. I'ost-umbonal sloiic sub-
angular and extending to the post-basal extremity. No cincture.
Cardinal slope concave. Surface marked by concentric lines of
growth that are plainly visible to the unaided eye, and by fine
radiating stri.e that give a beautiful cancellated structure to the
cast under an ordinary magnifier. This surface ornamentation is
doubtless plainly visible on the shell itself.

This species will be readily distinguished by its general form,
obli(iuely truncated, posterior end, concave cardinal slope and
surface ornamentation.

Found by R. A. Blair in the Chouteau limestone, near Sedalia,
Missonii, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

MACRODON I'ETTISENSIS, n. sp.

Plate II, Fig. 17. right valve: Fig. IS, right ralve of a larger
specimen, icilh the (interior entt broken o(f.

Species below medium size. SIkOI subelliptical or subovate,
wider behind. Length about one ami two-tliinls Ihe iieigiit.
Cardinal line straight and almost e(iuHling the greatest length of
the shell. Anterior end gently rounded into the basal margin.
Posterior end somewhat subtruncated in the upper part and

11

rouuiled into the basal nmrj^iu. Tlic Imsal margin iu the subellip-
tical speciuK'US i8 broadly rouudcd, but, in tlie subovate speci-
niens, the postero-basal margin is somewhat produced and more
abruptly rounded. Valves compressed or only moderately convex.
Beaks a little anterior to the middle, obtuse and rising slightly
above the cardinal line. Umboues gently convex with a slightly
angular posterior slope that merges into the general convexity of
the shell near the postero-biisal margin. Shell marked by regu'ar
concentric lines of growth, and a few obscure radiating lines on
the posterior unji)oual slope.

This species most reseinblps lifticrodun humiUnnid', Init is dis-
tinguished from that species by being shorter in proportion to its
length, subangular posterior umbouiil slope, and the absence of
radiating lines, escei)t obscure ones on the posterior umbonal
slope. The surface ornamentation is a ])rominent feature in
M. hamiUoniir while the lines on this species are (juite incon-
spicuous, though our shells are finely preserved.

Found by II A. Blair, iu the Chouteau limestone, near Sedalin,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

MACRODOX BLAIRI, n. Sp.

Flaic II, Fig. 10, right valve of a large specimen; Fig. 20, left
valve; Fig. 21, left valve of a small specimen; Fig. 22,
cardinal view; Fig. 23, left valve of same show-
ing some of the slicll at the poslerior end : the
basal margin is eroded: Fig. 2i, left
valve of a medium specimen.

Specimens in this species variable in size, from small to large.
Shell elongated, about twice as long as high. Highest near the
anterior third. Valves convex, thickness about two-thirds the
height. Cardinal line straight and constituting the greatest
length of the shell. Anterior end angular at the cardinal line
and gently recurved to the basal margin like the prow of a boat.
Posterior end truncated to near the post-basal margin and then
abru{)tly rounded into the base; sometimes the cardinal line ter-
minates in an acute point and the truncated end is incurved to
near the post-basal margin. Basal margin broadly rounded or
nearly parallel with the cardinal line iu the middle part. Beaks
pear the anterior third of the shell, somewhat acute and rising

12

above the hinge Hue. Umbones slightly depressed, with an uu-
defined sulcus uear the beaks, which fades out ou the eouvex part
of the shell, and does not produce a constriction at the basal
margin. Post-umbonal slope subangular and extends to the post-
basal margin. Surface marked by concentric, lamellose lines of
growth and finer radiating stri.-u that are plainly visible ou the
casts, to the unaided eye, but on the shell itself presents a beau-
tiful cancellated ornamentation.

This is a very handsome and marked species that cannot be
mistaken for any other.

Found by K. A. Blair and S. A. Miller, in the Chouteau liuie-
stone, near Sedalia, Mo., and now in (he collection of S. A. Mil-
ler. The specific name is in honor of tlie veteran collector, li.
A. Blair.

Family AVICULID.E.

POSIDONOMYA LASALLENSIS, n. sp.

Plate I, Fig. 17, left valve; Fig. IS, same magnified tiro diameters.

Species medium size. Shell subovate. Anterior margin ob-
li(jucly truncated in front of the beaks, and then vertically, so as
to leave a small ear in front, and then broadly rounded, which is
continued regularly into the basal margin. Hinge line straight
posterior to the beaks, slightly elevated and terminates in an ob-
tuse extremity. Posterior margin below the wing broadly rounded
which is continued regularly into the evenly rounded base. The
posterior wing is flat, and separated from the body of the shell
by an oblitjue undefined sulcus. Beak anterior to the middle of
the shell, acute but not projecting ujucli if any above the hinge
margin. Umbones convex, and mtrging into the general con-
vexity of the shell. Surface marked by six or seven distant, ele-
vated, concentric rounded ridges that do not appear as concentric
undulations of growth, but as distinct lines of surface ornamen-
tation. Between these rounded ridges there are numerous fine
concentric lines.

This species is so dirt'erent from all other forms that have been
referred to Posidonomija that it is with some hesitation we refer
it to that genus. It is an aviculoid shell and seems to be nearer
to that genus than to any other in tiie family Ariciilida-.

Found in the t^oal Measures at La Salle, Illinois, anil now in.
the collection of Wm. F. F. Gurley.

13

LIOPTERIA S0IJOVATA, 11. sp.

Plate II, Fiij. 7. Ji'fl ralre; [xirl of the car broken awaij : Fiij. 8,

right LHilve of iinotlier specimen: Fig. 'J, left valve

of (uioilier specimen.

Species medium size, subrhomboidal. Body obliquely sul)Ovate.
Auterior margin nearly straight above aud abruptly rounded into
tbe basal margiu below. Basal maryiu narrowly rounded. Pos-
terior margin somewliat straight above and abruptly rounded into
the basal margin below. Hinge line straight from the auterior
side of the beak to the posterior extremity, aud nearly as long as
the shell. Beak of each valve obtuse and situated near the an-
terior side of the shell. It is separated from a short ear l>y an
undellLed longitudinal sulcus. Both valves are moderately gii)-
bous, the left valve rather more conve.x than the right. The pos-
terior umboual 8loj)e is rounded and soon merges into the geueral
convexity of the shell. The wing is Hat and terminates in a long
acute extremity. The shell is marked with concentric lines of
growth.

All of our specimens are casts and the left anterior ear is
always injured. No radiatiug lines are discernable.

This is a shorter form with a larger wing than L. speciosa,
and its general outline will distinguish it from all othfer species.

Found by R. A. Blair, in the Chouteau limestone, near Sedalia,
Missouri, and now iu the collectiou of S. A. Miller.

LIOl'TEllIA aPECIOSA, U. Sp.

Plate II, Fig. lo, left ralrc, sligliihj hro1;en anterior to the heal'.

Species rathi'r above medium size, subrhomboidal. Body narrow
above aud oi)li(juely elongate ovate. Aiiterit)r margin lnou'lly
roundeil above aud abruptly curving into the banal iiiiigiii I clow.
Posterior luargin nei rly straight until it rounds iiil') the bashl
margin. Hinge line straight from the au'erior side uf the beid<
to the posterior extremity aud about half the length of the slu'll.
Bc^ak of the left valve obtuse and situated near the auterior end
of the shell. It is separated frjiii a short ear by au undelined
longitudinal sulcus. The uuibonal region is somewliat gil^boiiF,
but the greater gibbosity of the vilve is in the miildle pait.
The posterior wub >u'tl si j[)e is sub:ur<ulHr aljuve l)ut grailuHlly

14

fades away Ijelow nml is lost in tlio ^eneial couvexily of the eLclI.
Tlie wing is suinll, Hat and lias an acute estroniity. Shell marked
with distant concentric lines of fj;rowth.

All of our specimens are casts of the left valve, no part of the
shell is pr(!8erved, and no radiating lines are digcernahle.

Tbis tpecies is distinguished by its oblique, elougate-ovate form
and small posterior wing.

Found I'y Miss Jessie Blair, in the Chouteau limestone, near
Sedalia, Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

Family MYTILID.E.

MVTILMiC.V JKSi^IE.i;, n. S|).

I'ldfc II, Fi(j. 1, left valve ncurhj cotiiplelcj Fiij. :.', (luoihcr left

vnloe with more of ihe (interior end broken off"; Fig. 3, part

of (mother left valve; Fig. i, (inferior end of right valve

cowplefe : Fig. 5, anterior end of left valve complete,

small sj)erimen . F^ig. (!, part of the surface

of the shell magnified four diameters.

Our specimens are quite variable, from medium to considerably
above medium in size.

Shell oblique, elongate, subelliptical, with venticose valves in
middle part, where it is subcylindrical. The diameter through
the valves in the middle area, is nearly equal to the distance
from the hinge to the basal margin. Posterior end of the shell
cuneiform and narrowly rounded. JJiisal margin of the shell
oblique, nearly straight or slightly arcuate. Hinge line about
half the length of the shell, slightly arching. I^osterior to the end
of the hinge, the shell is slightly arcuate until it adruptly curves
into the pjst-basal margin. Beaks obtuse ami terminal at the
anterior end. Umboaes high and abrup'ly roumled to the hinge
line, posterior to which the uiiibonal slope merges into the cuneate
form of the shell. Surface markeil by concentric lines of growth.
Shell thin.

This species is readily distintiuished by its general elongate
form from all oth<M'?. We have nunjerous fragments of this spec-
ies but most of them are caste. Part only of the shell is preserved
ou a few of the fragmeuts.

15

Found by R. A. Blair, S. A. Miller aud Miss Jessie Blair, in
whose honor we have proposed the specific name, in the Chouteau
linipstoue, near Sedalia, Missouri, and now in the collection of S.
A. Miller.

Family MODIOMORPHID.E.

ELYMELLA MISSOURIENSIS, n. Sp.

Plate II, Fig. 11, left valve; Si(j Vi, airdinal view of <i c<ist.

Species medium size. Shell subelliptical, narrower in front.
Length twice as great as the height. Cardinal line straight pos-
terior to the beaks, but abruptly dropping in front. Anterior end
narrowly rounded. Posterior end broadly rounded. Basal margin
rounded more gently at the anterior than at the posterior end.
Lunnule deeply impressed. Posterior cardinal slope concave.
Valves convex aud somewhat gibbous in the umboual region.
Beaks at the anterior end rounded and incurved over the cartiinal
line. Umbones high and liroadly rounded. Posterior umboual
slope Bubangnlar at first, but the angularity gradually fades away
and the undioual ridge is merged into the general conve.xity of tl e
shell. Surface marked by fine concentric stria^ growth.

There may be some doubt about the reference of this species
to ElymeUd, as it is quite distinct from the forms Hall referred
to that genus. ]3ut we think it resembles ElymeUd more than
Modiomorpha and it certainly belongs to one of the genera. In
fact Hall only regarded Elymella as a subgenus of Modiomorpha
but we prefer to treat them at present as distinct genera.

Found by B. A. Blair in the Choufeau limestone, near Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

CVPIUCARDELLA EXIMIA, n. sp.

Plate II, Fi(j. -JT), left valve iinlh posterior end broken off.

Species medium size. Shell subrhomboidal (o subtriangular.
Length one-half greater than the height. Anterior end abruptly
truncated anterior to the beaks and then prolonged at th(^ antenv
basal extremity and abruptly rounded into the basal margin. Car-
dinal line arcuate. I'osterior margin oMicjue'y truncated, pro-
longed at the post basal extremity and rapidly rounded into the
basal margin. Basal margin broadly aud regularly rounded.
Beaks at the anterior end and obtuse. Umbones prominen^ Um-

16

bonil ridge aumilai- aud extending to tlie post- basal extremity.
Valves somewhat tlattoued below the umboues and bearing au unde-
fined shallow suleus that becoaics obsolete before reaching the basal
margin. Post-cardinal slope flattened. Surface of the casts marked by
faint concentric lines. We have four specimens belonging to this spe-
cies, all of them are casts, aud each one is broken at some point,
but together, they show the entire valves. No part of the shell
is preserved, aud no muscular scars can be distinguished.

Wiiile this species has little resemblance to any other one in
this genus, we have little doubt that it is a true CypricdrdeUa.

Found by R. A. Blair, in the Chouteau limestone, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

Family ORTHONOTID.i:.

PAL.?;OSOLEN OCCIDENTALIS, n. Sp.

Philc 11, Fiij. ]■'!, cdrdbuil view; Ft;/. 14, left vdlve of same
specimen, ilie posferior purl -is broken nway.

Species quite as large or larger than the type of the genus.
Shell solenoid but the true length unknown. From other frag-
ments than the one illustrated it is inferred that it represents
only the anterior half and that the length is five times the height,
but it may be only four times the height. Shell subcylindrical,
basal and cardinal margins subparallel. Anterior end obtusely
pointed. Posterior end unknown. Beaks near the anterior end,
low, but curved over the cardinal line. Umbones rounded and
fade away into the general convexity of the shell. Muscular im-
pressi(3n large, round and anterior to the beaks. Ligament evi-
dently external. Pallial lino not observed. Hinge teeth, if any,
unknown. Surface marked with distant concentric lines of growth
which are crossed by a few, distant, radiating lines shown upon
the cast. The shell, itself, is not preserved.

Tin's species is readily distinguished from P. siliqxtoideiis, the
only other known species, by the general outline and surface
characters, and yet, we think they are congeneric. The muscular
impression is nnknown in P. siliiiuoidemt, but it must be quite
Hmiill, while, in this speciep, it ii very large. /*. sili<iuoideiis
hIiows no evidence of an external hinge ligament, and Hall said
that it was, probably, iuternal; but this s[)ecies, wi^ think, dearly
had an external ligament.

Found by II. A. Blair, in the Chouteau liuKistone, near Sedalia,
]\iiH8ouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

17

Family CYTHERODONTID.E.

SCHIZODUS SEDALIENSIS, 11. sp.

Phite II, Fi(j. I'l, cardinal view; Fig. 1(>, rit/ht valve.

Species medium or below medium size. Shell subquadrate.
Our specimeus are casts, and somewhat compressed or only mod-
erately convex. Length somewhat greater than height. Anterior
end rounded. Basal margin broadly rounded. Posterior end sub-
truncate and gradually rounded icto the basal margin. Cardinal
Hue straight and prolonged posteriorly which produces the sub-
quadrate outline to the shell. Beaks anterior to the middle of the
shell, acute, and rising above the cardinal line where they are
slightly incurved. Tosterior umbonal slope somewhat angular and
fading away toward the lower posterior part of the shell. Ante-
rior umbonal slope rapidly merges into the depressed convexity or
cuneiform shape of the shell. Pallial line regularly curves from
one muscular scar to the other. Posterior end of the cardinal
line subalate. Surface of the casts smooth and outline of the
muscular scirs not indicated.

This species is readily distinguished from all others, but is
probably as nearly related to S. medinensis as to any other. But
the shell of that species has a subtrigonal outline, while the out-
line of this species is subquadrate.

Found by B. A. Blair, in the Chouteau limestone, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

Remarks — We have found no species among the Lamellibranchs,
from the Chouteau Group of Missouri, that occurs in any h'gher
or lower Group of rocks. The genera, however, with the exception
of Blairella, the new genus above described, are known to range
geologically, as follows: Posidonomya, from the Upper Silurian
to the Coal Measures; Macrodon, Schizodus, Lunulivardiitm and
Edmondia from the Devonian to the Coal Measures; Elymella and
Sphenotus from the Devonian to the Chouteau; Cypricardella from
the Devonian to the Warsaow; Mylilarca from the Upper Silurian
to the Chouteau. Lioplcria and F(dcvosolen were, heretofore,
kiiown only from Devonian rocks, and their range is now extended
to tiie Cnouteau. Chasiiomya was, heretofore, known only from
the St. Louis Group to the Coal Measures and it is now brought
down to the Chouteau. Speci(!8, heretofore described, from the

18

Chouteau not referable to either of tht above named genera, belong
to Fernopecien, which ranges from the Chouteau to the Coal
Measures, and Grammysui, which ranj^es from the Upper Silurian
to the Chouteau.

The position of the Chouteau, at the base of the Subcarboni-
ferouB System and above the Devonian, is well established, by its
crinoidal fauna; but the Lamellibranahs, as above set forth, furnish
additional evidence of its place in the geological column, that can-
not be misunderstood by any pala-ontologist. We have seen frag-
ments, too poor for specific description, from the Chouteau, be-
longing to four other genera of Lamellibranchs, which further
support the conclusion derived from those above described.

CLASS GASTROPODA.

ORDEK BRANCHIFERA.

Family PLEUROTOMARIID.E.

MURCHISONIA INDIANENSIS, D. sp.

Plate IT, Fig. 31, lateral view, part of the slicll is preserved

and a little of the surface ornamentation; Fig. 32,

part of surface magnijied.

Species very large. Shell elongated so as to be from one-fourth
to one-third higher than wide. Volutions live or six. Only three
volutions are preserved, in our specimen, but, at least, two are
broken away. The last volution is sharply angular at the pe-
ripheral band, those toward the apex obtusely angular. The body
whorl is rounded Ijelow, and slightly concave, from the suture to
the peripheral angle. The concave depression is more strongly
marked on the volutions toward the apex, between the suture and
the periphery. Umbilicus open. Aperture subquadrate, about as
high as wide, notched at the periphery. Suture canaliculate.
Surface marked by fine 8tri;e directed gently backward from the
suture. No revolving ridges.

This species is readily distinguished by its Urge size, general
form, angular whorls, subquadrate aperture, open umbilicus and
surface ornamentation. We do not kuow of any nearly related
species.

Found by Geo. K. Greene in the Knobstone Group, at New
Albany, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wni. F. F. Gurley.

19
Family CYCLONEMlDiE

HOLOPEA GRANDIS, n. sp.

Phife IT, Fif/. .9.9, bas(i\ view, shoivhuj the form of the mouth

mid the open umhiliciis; Fi(]. :i4, hdcral view,

one whorl broken off at the apex.

Species very large. Shell about as high as wide. Volutions
large, ventricose, and increasing rapidly from the apex. Four vo-
lutions, regularly rounded externally. Sutures sharply defined.
Umbilicus open. Aperture rounded, subovate, somewhat flattened
on the inner side, where it is in contact with the preceding volu-
tion. Surface ornamented with larger and smaller revolving strire,
which are crossed by finer oblique lines that cancellate the shell.
On the l>ody whorl, the largest revolving ridge is above the pe-
riphery, and the lines from the suture are directed obliquely back-
ward to it, and then curve forward from it, and then backward
over the lower rounded side of the volution.

This species cannot be classed with Pie»ro<oman'a, because there
is no notch in the aperture. It is not a Cyclonema, because it
has an open umbilicus. It agrees with tne generic characters
ascribed to Holopca, and for that reason it is referred to that
genus. There is no described species of Holopea so much re-
sembling it, that any comparison is necessary.

Found by Geo. K. Greene in the Knobstone Group, uer New
Albany, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley.

CYCLONEMA PULCHELLUM, n. Sp.

Plate III, Fig. (>, lateral view of a specimen embeded in rock.

Shell large, elongate, subglobose- conical. Height greater than
the width. Volutions six, the apex is broken off from the speci-
men illustrated. The volutions gradually expand from the apex
to the last one, which rapidly enlarges to a very ventricose whorl.
No umbilicus. The aperture is embedded in the rock, in
our specimen, but it is apparently subcircular. Suture sharp-
ly defined not canaliculate. There are three strong revolv-
ing carinas on each whorl, somewhat equally distant from each
other and the suture, on the smaller volutions, and without di-
verging from each other or leaving the suture, they all occur, on
the upper part of the ventricose whorl, above the peripherj-.
There are a few smaller revolving carina' that increase in number
and spread over the last ventricose volution. There are numer-
ous finer stri;c directed gently backward from the suture that

20

cross the revolvinj^ carina' in sigmoid fk'sures and crcnulale the
carimi' so as to beautifully ornament the shell. The crenulations
are hardly visible to the naked eye but are very distinct under an
ordinary magnifier.

This species so far as disclosed, by our specimen, is a Cijclo-
nema, possibly, the aperture may be different from a typical
species, but we have no doubt, at present, of the generic refer-
ence. It is widely separated, however, by its general form and
surface ornamentation from all other described species, and no
comparison is necessary to distinguish it.

Found by Geo. K. Greene, in the Knobston Group, near New
Albany, Indiana, and now in the collection of Wm. E. E. Gurley.

Family EUOMrHALID.E.

STRAPAROLLUS MISSOURIENSIS, n. Sp.

Plate II, Fig. 35, a specimen preserving the central whorls; Fig.
36, a large specimen, with central whorls broken.

Shell discoid; below medium size. Spire below the plane of
succeeding volutions. Volutions five or six, lying in the same
plane, slender and very slowly expanding. Transverse section of
a whorl nearly circular, but probably slightly ovate with the nar-
rower end on the inside of the volutions. The inner whorls ap-
pear to be round, but a subovato form is assumed as the aper-
ture is approached. Aperture not prt served, in any of our speci-
mens. None of the specimens collected exceed an inch in diame-
ter. The surface is generally smooth, but the better ])rcserved
specimens show very fine transverse lines, under an ordinary
magnifier.

We have numerous fragments of this species and some of them
preserve the shell in excellent condition, with five transverse lints
resembling thost> common on Spiroi-bis. The inner whorls might
very readily be mistaken for a Sjnrorbis. It resembles iS. ch/-
menioides, from the Upper Helderberg Group, more than any
other species known to the authors. It is distinguished by the
more slender whorls, nearer circular transverse sections and sur-
face ornamentation. It is also a smaller species.

Found by R. A. Blair, in the Chjuteau limestone, at Sednlin,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

21

Family BELLEROPHONTID.E.

BELLEUOl'HON BLAIlil, U. Sp.

ridte 111, Fi'i- 7, dorsal ririv of a ciisl ; V ((J. S, dorsal vievt
shoin'iH/ lite shell livlow Vie operlure.

Kliell incdiiiin size, involuted, subglobose. VoliitioDS expaiidwl
very modfrately uutil the apeituro \s approached, when there is a
more uiarktd espaueion, and recurved lateral lips. Umbilicus
small, outer lip with ouly a modorato siuus in front and sides ex-
I)anded, recurved and narrowly rounded. Aperture transverse ai d
subreuiform. The volutions sre rounded toward the apex, but
subaugular on the sides of the last whorl. A slender dorsal band
appears on the last volution which is somewhat obscure on the
cast but well defined on the shell. The surface of the shell is
ornamented with numerous tine strife that arise from the dorsal
baird and curve gently forward and then backward over the ob-
tusely subaugular sides where they become obsolete. These trans-
verse stricc are not visible on the cast.

This species is of the type of Bcllerophon bilolxdiis from
the Lower Silurian and there are several Silurian and Devonian
species that bear a more or less striking resemblance to it. There
is no difiiculty, however, in distinguishing the species on making
a comparison. There is no defined species from the Subcarbon-
iferous rocks with which any comparison is necessary. The gen-
eral form and surface ornamentation readily distinguishes it
among species from rocks of the same geological age.

Found by K. A. Blair, in whose honor we have proposed the
specific name, in the Chouteau limestone, near Sedalia, Missouri,
and now in the, collection of S. A. Miller.

LELLEKOPHON SEDALIENSIS, n. Sp.

I'hde III, Fill- '■', dorstd vicin of (i Cdsl ; Fiij. Jo, lulcnd ricw of
jmrl of (I, specimen preserrimj ihe shell.

Shell medium size, involute, subglobose. Volutions expanded
very moderately until the aperture is approached when there is a
marked lateral expansion. Umbilicus open. Outer lip with a
moderate sinus and expanded narrowly rounded sides. Aperture
transverse and subreniform. The volutions are rounded toward
the apex, but subaugular on the last whorl. The cast shows a

22

central dorsal band, on the last volution, with a furrow on each
side bordered by a sliarply angular longitudinal line. The shell
of this part of the last whorl is not preserved on any of our
specimens. The shell is ornamented with numerous longitudinal,
revolving furrows separated by fine angular strinv These revolv-
ing furrows are visible upon many of the fragments of the casts,
but much more strongly marked upon the fragments of the shell,
wherever it ia preserved.

This species is readily distinguished from B. hlairi by the re-
volving furrows, and from all other described species by the
general foim and surface ornamentation. Species of BcUeroplion
have been described from the upper Taconic system and from
nearly every recognized group of rocks up to the Upper Coal
Measures. About ninety species have been illustrated and those
which have been named and not illustrated might as well be
struck out of the list, for they cannot be recognized by the
definitions alone. There is such a general resemblance in the
fossils belonging to this genus, that a common observer having
learned one species can tell a Bellerophon wherever he sees it.

Found by R. A. Blair, in the Chouteau limestone, near Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

CLASS PTERPODA. CLASS GASTROPODA.

ORDER CONDLARIDA, n. ord.

This name is proposed to receive conical and pyramidal, pelagic
shells, which may or may not have been contracted toward the
mouth, but the texture of which is always horny with lime
phosphate. The shells during the lives of the animals were
tiesible. They are smooth, or longitudinally divided and trans-
versely furrowed. There are no muscular scars on the casts or
ou the shells. All belong to the pal.-eozoic rocks. We refer to
this order the family Contihiriiihr, and the family Enrhosiomida'
hereinafter described.

Waagen used the word Conularida in I'alaeoutologica Indica,
I>age 175, without defining it, or in any way limiting it, except to
Hay, "they were certainly not pelagic shells," and to include in the
order three families, which are widely distinct from each other,
viz.: Connl(iriidii\ Thecidn- and TenidCulUidn: He did not re-
describe the family ('(mulariidir, or describe any species belong-
ing to it or in any way attempt to throw any light upon it.
He had before him shells belonging to thi> family
Htjoliihidii- or Thec.idn', and they were the shells for which he

23

was trying to provide a new Ordinal name, but they cannot be
referred to Conularidd for any reason that he suggested or for
any other reason thus far put forth. We use the word Conularida
for pelagic shells having lime-phosphate and not in the sense in
which Waageu used it. It is the natural and proper Ordinal
name to include the family C'o«M/arn'r/<r and cannot be preoccupied
for any other purpose, besides, it has been used by others without
defining it, for substantially the same purpose that we now use it.
The family Conidariiihr does not belong to any living order of
animals, and hence the necessity for providing an Ordinal name
to receive it. And the same may be said of Enchosl<>»ii(l(c.

Family CONULARIID.E.

There have been described, from the Palasozoic rocks of North
America fifty-nine species of i'onularia, besides three that have
been named, but too poorly defined to be recognized. Among tlie
fifty-nine species is C. yatiingeri, which was named by Satl'ord, in
the Geology of Tennessee, p. 280, and compared with C. trenioii-
ensis, by saying, that it is larger and about ten inches long, and
that it was found by Dr. Gattinger, while digging a cellar for his
house, in the trenton limestone, in Nashville, Tennessee. This
definition is exceedingly imperfect, but Dr. Gattinger made num-
erous plaster casts of the specimen and distributed tiiem among
the scientific men of the country (one of which was presented to
S. A. Miller, by Dr. Gattinger, about twenty years ago), which
made the form very generally known, and the remarkable size, if
other specimens have been found, has prevented any synonym
from being made. The species has been recognized, in all cata-
logues, and Dr. Gattinger has kindly loaned the original specimen,
to S. A. Miller, for examination and description, and we pro-
pose to describe it, in order tiiat the form may be better known
and the specific name retained. We have an invariable rule to
never name a new species without describing and illustrating it;
but this is not our species, and as a single figure will cover half
a plate, we will content ourselves by writing a description of the
specimen.

The shell rapidly expands, is subtjuadrate in transverse section,
but the diameter is greater in one direction than in the other.
The sides are concave, in the superior part, which may or may
not be the normal condition, because the shell is flexible in this
genua. The four angles are deeply furrowed. There is a longi-
tudinal line, in the middle of each side. The shell consists of an

24

inner, black, horny laj-er and an outer, phosphntic layer. AVhere
the outer layer is decorticated the surface is ornamented by traus-
vei'se, arching furrows separated by narrow, smooth, elevated lines;
but, where the outer layer is preserved, the furrows and ridges
are about equal in width, and the ridges bacome crenulated costaj.
The costfe are not regularly arched, but curve rather abruptly
across the mesial line and are then directed, in nearly straight
bnes, inclined about ten degrees, to the furrows, at the angles.
There are about forty-five transverse, crenulated costa; in an inch
in length. The specimen near the larger end, where best pre-
served, has a diameter one way of two and two-tenths inches, and
tlio otlier way of one and nine-tenths inches. It tapers, toward
tlie apex, in a distance of three and six-tenths inches, and in the
other of one and two-tenths inches. At the smaller end the speci-
men is broken off diagonally, and at the lai-ger end an inch and
H half in length of one of the wider sides is bc>nt down as if ap-
proaching the mouth, but the other sides are continued without
being bent and show the continuing enlargement of the shell.
The greatest length of any part of tiie shell, tbat is preserved, is
six inches. These measurements indicate that the specimen, when
perfect, exceeded ten inches, in length. The surface ornamentation
is altogether diH'erent from C. trentonensis, and the two species
can never be mistaken for each other by any pal.-cjutologist.

Species of Conularia have been described from Trenton, Hud-
son lliver, Niagara, Lower Helderberg, Oriskany, Upper Helder-
berg, Marcellus Shale, Hamilton, Portage, Chouteau, Kindeihook,
Waverly, Burlington, Keokuk, Warsaw and Kaskaslda Groups, and
from the Lower and XTpper Coal Measures. The range is from
the early Trtmton to the close of th(! Upper Coal Measures.

The shells are all pyramidal, and vary, in different species, from
square and 8ub([uadrate, to octagonal and somewhat rounded.
'J'iiey expand slowly or rapidly iu different species, and, so far as
known, are contracted near the mouth. The month appears to
have been very large, and no operculum or other shelly covering
has ever been found belonging to it. We have examined more
than one hundred specimens of Coimldrui, and have never seen
the mouth of a single shell, so that what we have said about the
mouth is on the authoriiy of others. No muscular scar has ever
been found inside the shell or on a cast, by which the animal was
attached to the shell. The four angles of the shell are more or
less furrowed, and a mesial line, on each side, is always indicated,
and sometimes it amounts to a furrow. The shells are ornamented
with transverse lines and furrows and costie, some of which are

25

smooth, others are crenulated, and all are more or less arched
toward the mouth. The texture of the shell is horny, with lime-
phosphate. The phosphate is conspicuous, in the outler layer-
The phosphatic appearance is more stronji^ly marked in some
groups of rocks than in others, which is likewise true concerning
the homy texture, which, sometims, as in C. greenei, re-
sembles the test of a crustacean.

The genus Conularid is so distinct from all others that no other
genus has ever been confounded with it. It is the only genus in
the family ConidariidcB. Any one having ordinary perceptive
faculties, after having carefully examined a specimen belonging to
any species of Conularia, can tell a Comdaria wherever he sees
it, no matter to what species it belongs. This cannot be done
with any other fossil specimen from the pa];eozoic rocks except,
possibly, a Belleroplion or an Orthoceras.

The genus made its appearance, in the Trenton period, repre-
sented by small and large species, as fully developed and pos-
sessed of as distinctive specific characters, as the genus ever ac-
quired. These it retained, throughout its life history, and closed
its career in the Coal Measures, by such large species as C.
roeperi and such small species as C. crusiula. It came from some
quarter wholly unknown, and after having lived as long as any
other genus ever did upon the face of the earth, except, possibly,
BellcropJwn, Pleurotomaria, Murchisonia, Orthoceras and one or
two genera of the Brachiopoda, it disappeared as abruptly as it
came, without leaving a trace of its final course behind it. There
is no evidence of development or evolution connected with the
genus. It never showed any higher or lower stage of existence,
than it did when it first appeared. Some species had a wide geo-
graphical and geological range; for example, 0. trentonensis from
New York and Kentucky, and C. suhcarbonaria from the Keokuk
Group, at Crawfordsville, Indiana, and Hamilton, Illinois. We
have seen large specimens and small specimens belonging to the
same species, possessing exactly the same ornamentation and sur-
face clii.ructers. But we have never seen anything that indicated
advancement or decline in the genus or in any species, and fur-
ther, we have never seen any intermediate forms, that might be
said to represent a link connecting any two species. This may be
cold comfort, to those limited paheo-biologists, who claim to see, in
every fossil, a link from the lowest to the highest stages of ani-
mal existence. It is, nevertheless, true, that we do not even know
to what Class, in the animal kingdom, the family Conularmhv, or
the Order, Conularida should be referred.
~4

26

The fBmily Conulnriidir has been dumped into the Class Ftero-
poda, by somo authors, and into the Class Gastropodd, by otherp,
and, probably, the reason has been about as good in the one case
as in the other; for it may have no near relation to either. It is
like the 6rnp{olUid<v, no one knows to what Class it belongs,
though every author, having anything to do with the family, will
drop it into some Class, and say nothing about the reason for
doing so.

It is not scientific to name a Class, in the subkingdom Mollusca,
when the definition of the Class and a single order belonging to
it must, necessarily, be the same. We have gone as far, in Classi-
fication, by briefly defining a new Order, as it is practicable to go,
in the present state of the learning, besides, we anticipate future
discoveries will throw important light upon the subject. Cotiukiria
belonged to the great ocean, but whether its home was in the
depths or near the surface, we do not know. If it had been a
littoral shell, it would not have found a place in so many Groups
of rocks, where other littoral shells are unknown. It possessed a
hardy shell, capable of preservation in nearly all deposits, or we
would not find it, with its peculiar purple, phosphatic lustre, in
sandstones, clays, shales, and limestones. We find it scattered
here and there, generally very rare, and never in abundance, which
indicates that we have not found it in its best and favored habi-
tations. When we find it in abundance, we may find and recog-
nize its relatives, and, even before that time, or at any time, we
are liable to see them unearthed, for we have seen only a very
small part of the rocks belonging to our country.

CONULABIA ROEPERI, U. Sp.

Plate III, Fig. 1, middle part of a specimen, wider side; Fig.
2, transverse section.

Species large, long, slowly expanding, pyramidal, subquadrate, in
transverse section. Transverse diameter a little greater between
the sides one way than the other. Sides slightly conevx. The
four angles deeply furrowed. Longitudinal line in the middle of
each of the four sides, but it cannot be called a furrow, as it
does not, in all cases, break the transverse costtc. Surface orna-
mented with transverse arches, shallow, smooth furrows, that are
separated by fine lines or costio. In passing across the sides the
cost;© curve forward toward the aperture, and sometimes alternate
in the middle, and at other times cross the mesial line almost with-
out interruption. The distance between these transverse lines does

'27

not seem to increase with the size of the shell, but is uniform
throughout the length of our specimen. The lines do not curve
forward toward the aperture in the furrows, at the angles, as is
usual in this genus, but they arise from the bottom of the fur-
rows and cross the sides in regular arches. There are about fifty
of these transverse lines in an arch.

Our specimen has a length of nearly five inches. The trans-
verse diameter at the small end is an inch one way, and an inch
and one- twentieth the other, and at the large end an inch and a
half one way and an inch and six-tenths the other. It is quite
evident if the specimen was complete it would be more than a
foot in length.

It is unnecessary to compare it with any other specimen for
the purpose of distinguishing it.

Found in the Coal Measures of Luzerne County, Penn., and
presented to S. A. Miller by Rev. Wm. Roeper, an ardent col-
lector and naturalist, in whose honor we have proposed the
specific name.

CONDLARIA GREENEI, n. sp.

Plate III, Fig. 3, middle part of a specimen.

Species long, slowly expanding, pyramidal, subquadrate, sides
equal, deeply furrowed at the four angles. Longitudinal line in
the middle of each side. Surface ornamented with wide, concave,
smooth furrows that arch forward from the four angles. These
furrows are separated by sharp costfe generally without crenula-
tions. The costiB sometimes cross the mesial line without inter-
ruption, in other cases they terminate alternately at the mesial
line. They do not curve forward when bending into the furrows
at the four angles, nor do they reach the bottom of the furrows.
They alternate in these furrows. The transverse furrows are
crossed by a few longitudinal wrinkles, at the margin of the
longitudinal furrows.

There are only thirteen transverse furrows in an inch, where
our specimen is eight-tenths of an inch in diameter. The shell
of our specimen is horny, and has the smooth, hard appearance of
the test of a trilobite.

This species is so different from all that have heretofore been
described, from the Keokuk Group, that no comparison with any
of them is necessary. It is distinguished by its slender form,
wide, transverse, smooth furrows and sharp cost;e. There are
some slight crenulations on the costas, toward the larger end of
our specimens, but none toward the smaller end.

28

Found by Geo. K. Greene, in whose honor the specific name is
given, in the Keokuk Group, at Edwardsville, Indiana, and now
in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley.

CONULARIA SEDALIENSIS, n. Sp.

Plate III, Fig. 4, fragment from the middle part of a specimen,

somewhat twisted; Fig. 5, under side of the shell

showing the nodes on the casta}.

Species large, rather rapidly tapering, pyramidal, subi^uadrate,
in transverse section. We have several fragments of this species
that are twisted and curved in different directions, showing the
great flexibility of the shell itself. The specimen illustrated in
Fig. 4, presents the largest undisturbed surface of any of them.
The sides, as near as can be determined, are flat and equal. The
angles are not very deeply furrowed, and the longitudinal line in
the middle of each side is not very strongly marked. Surface
ornamented with wide, transverse, arching furrows that are separ-
ated by coarse cost.-P. In passing across the sides, the cost.-P
curves forward toward the aperture, and sometimes alternate at
the mesial line, and at other times cross it without apparent
interruption. The costiB are geniculated at the furrows, at the
four angles. The inner layer of the shell is of a light gray color
and differs very little in color from the limestone matrix; the
second or middle layer is of a reddish brown color and horny
texture. The cost® bear a line of strong tubercles which are so
fixed in the matrix that the shell is split and decorticated in re-
moving it from the matrix. The tubercles aud the middle layer
of the shell are broken away from the costfv on the specimen
illustrated by Fig. 4, but the second layer is preserved in many
of the furrows, where it is perfectly smooth. In some places, on
some of the specimens, the tubercules may be seen on the cosfao,
but they are best shown in the matrix after the shell is taken
out, as shown by figure 5. There are thirteen costie to an inch
in length, where a side is one and one-third inches wide, and
forty-two tubercles on one of the costiB in an inch in length.

This species is distinguished by its wide transverse furrows,
coarse costte and strong, distant tubercles, without other orua-
moiitatioH.

Found by R. A. Blair, in the Burlington Group, at Sedalia,
Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A. Miller.

29

ENOHOSTOMA D. gen.

[Ety. eiichos, sword; sioma, blade. J

Shell smooth, elongate, lanceolate, transverse section more or less
rounded or narrowly subovate. Shell substance thin, solid, flexible,
horny, lime-phosphate. Type Enchosioma lanceolaium, described
as HyolUhes lanceolatus, S. A. Miller, 1892, advance sheets, 18th
Kep. Geo. Sur. Ind. p. 63, from the Chouteau limestone.

When the species HyolUhes hinceolaius was described, only a
few fragments had been selected atd the specimen then illustrated
was supposed to represent nearly the complete length, but later
collections from Sedalia and Providence, Missouri, showed it was
not half the length of the original. We have a specimen now
before us two inches in length, which is broken off at both ends,
and the smaller end is as large as the smaller end of the type,
which is less than an inch in length. Another specimen at hand
an inch and a quarter in length, is larger at the smaller end than
the type is at the larger end. Another fragment an inch in length
is no larger at the larger end than the type is at the smaller end.
The evidence thus furnished shows that a complete specimen
would be three inches in length or even more than that, and that
the greater diameter at the larger end, is three-tenths of an inch.
We have examined about fifty fragments, none of them seem to
be complete at either end, but as none of them seem to contract
toward the larger end, we infer that the species does not contract
toward the mouth, as in Connlarin. The smaller end of all our
specimens, though in some cases, not exceeding one twenty-fiflh
of an inch in diameter, is broken off, so that evidently a perfect
specimen has an acute point. All of the specimens from the
apical end of the shell show a curvature, and the best specimens
show a curvature of an eighth or tenth of a circle. The apical
end is round in the best preserved specimens, but all of them are
subovate toward the mouth. As many of them are compressed
toward the larger end it is hai-d to tell the correct transverse
section, but from the large number examined, it is clear that the
section illustrated in fig. 36, pi. IX, of the 18th Eep. of the Geo.
Sur. Ind., is somewhat compressed. A normal section, probably,
becomes more and more acutely ovate as the mouth is approached.

A few fragments on hand are longitudinally fluted, but if they
are normal, they belong to a distinct and undescribed species.

The texture of the shell distinguishes this genus from the
Hyoliihadd' and brings it into some kind of relation to Conid<iria.
It cannot, however, be fairly classed with the Conulariidir trongh
properly falling within the order Conularida. We, therefore, pro-

30

pose the family name Enchostomidce, but the family name as at
present understood, will take the same definition that the genus
has. We have seen fragments of a long, arching, round shell,
somewhat, in form, like a Denialhim, in limestone, belonging to
the Keokuk Group, but having the shell texture of this genus,
that may be generically distinct and if so the family Enchostnmida'
may be defined and limited so as to include two genera.

The shells in the families HyolUhidiv and TentaculUidtv are
thick and composed of layers that may sometimes be horny, but
Ihey are never phosphatic. There is as much difference in the
texture of the shells of Conularia or Enchosioma and Hyoltthes
or Tentnculiles as there is between the shells of Lingula or
Discina and Orthis or Spirifera. And there is as much reason
for placing Conulariida; in an Order distinct from Hyolithidce
and Tentaculitidiv as there is for dividing the Brachiopoda into
the Orders Lyopomata and Arihropomata. The fundamental dif-
ference in the composition and texture of the shells is the basis
of the separation into Orders. The general form of the shells in
the genera Conularia, Enchosioma, Hyoltthes and TentaculHes is
altogether different as well as the composition and texture.
(Jonularia are pyramidal Enchosioma round and curved toward the
apex and ovate toward the mouth, Hyolithes short, flattened on
one side and straight, and TentaculUes straight, round and annu-
lar.

As a general rule a pahi'ontologist is able to classify the fossils
with reference to some known living organism. He finds a trace
or path from the unknown animal to the known, anil reasons
forward from remote ages to the present, and he finds here and there
a fauna that characterizes a geological age and enables him to
determine it at distant localities, but the Coniilarida at present
are to be classified with the unknown, save that they are (evidently
mollusks and belong to the great Pala30zoic ages.

CLASS CEPHALOPODA.

ORDEll TETRABRANCHIATA.

Family CIRTOCERATID.E.

CYRTOCERAS DUNLEITHEN8I8, n. sp.

Phiie III, Fif/. 11, lateral inew, showing a great part of the
chumher of habitation; Fig. 12, transverse section.

Shell medium size, strongly curved and regularly enlarging
from the apex to the mouth. The siphuncle is on the ventral
side or outer margin of the curve and produces an expansion of

31

the shell, which forms, as shown in a transverse section, the nar-
row end of a sharply ovate figure, at the ventral margin. The
sharply ovate transverse section is represented in figure 12.
Twelve septa have a length, on the inner curve or dorsal side, of
six-tenths of an inch, and, on the ventral side of one and eight-
tenths inches, where the dorso-ventral diameter, at the smaller
end, is half an inch, and, at the larger end, nine-tenths of an
inch. The greatest lateral diameter is about the dorsal third of
the shell where it measures, at the same sections, thirty-five hun-
dredths of an inch, at the smaller end, and eighty- five hundredths
of an inch, at the larger end. The septa cannot be distinguished
near the apical end of our specimen. The chamber of habitation
is, probably, nearly complete, in our specimens, and it constitutes
more than one-third of the entire length of the shell. Part of the
shell is preserved on the inner dorsal side and shows regular
lamellose lines of growth, without other ornamentation. Part of
the shell is also preserved over the siphuncle and posterior ven-
tral side of the body chamber, which shows the lamellose lines of
growth curve backward, in crossing the siphuncle, and indicates a
notch or sinus at the ventral lip of the aperture. Where the
shell is decorticated, the cast is smooth.

This species is distinguished by its strong curvature, rapid en-
largement, sharply ovate transverse section, long body chamber
and lamellose lines of growth.

Found in the Trenton Group, at Dunleith, Illinois, and now in
the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley.

Family ORTHOCERATID^.

oethoceras caldwellensis, n. sp.

Plate IV, Fig. 1, middle part of a specimen; Fig. 2, transverse

stction.

Shell straight, large, long, very slowly and regularly enlarging
from the apex toward the mouth of the chamber of habitation.
Only the middle part of the shell is preserved in our specimens.
Chamber of habitation unknown. Transverse section subelliptical.
Siphuncle subcentral. The shell is preserved, on our specimen,
and the air chambers are not, therefore, exposed. The shell is
widely and deeply annulated or transversely furrowed. The di-
viding ridges are nodose. The nodes are arranged in longitudinal

32

rows. There are fourteen nodes on each transverse ridge, in the
specimen, and hence, there are fourteen longitudinal rows of nodes.
A longitudinal line crosses each furrow from node to node, but
it is nearly obsolete at the bottom of the furrows. The width of
a furrow or distance between two nodes, at the larger end is
equal to one-third of the shorter diameter of the shell; but, at
the smaller end of the specimen, the distance between two nodes
is more than one-third of the greater diameter. The width of the
(uiuulatinus, therefore, do not bear a regular proportion to the
diameter of the shell. There is an obscure node between the
regular nodes, at the larger end, but none near the smaller end.
The septum shown, at the smaller end, is highly arched, and, it
appears as if there is only one septum to correspond with each
annulation. The shell is thick, and the outer surface of the fur-
rows shows no lamellose lines of growth, but, possibly, a better
preserved specimen would show such lines.

This species has more resemblance to O. nodocostum, from the
Niagara Group, than to any other described species. O. nodocos-
him is frequently classed as a synonym for O. annidatum, but
the two species are distinct and are readily distinguished, by any
pakeontologist, from an examination of the shells or the caste.
The annulations are wider and the nodes are not as prominent,
in this species as they are in O. nodocostum, and the septa are
evidently more distant from each other, and more highly arched.
Orihoceras was a pelagic shell and, probably, lived as long upon
the face of the earth as any other genus ever did. The annulated
forms made their appearance, in the Lower Silurian age, and are
found in all Groups of rocks, from there into the Subcarbonifer-
ous. The form called 0. annnZa/M/n occurs, in the Niagara Group,
on both sides of the Atlantic, and almost everywhere, that the
rocks of that age arc known to exist.

Found by James G. Caldwell, in whose honor the specific name
is given, in the Upper Helderberg Group, in Clarke County, Ind-
iana, and is now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley.

Family GOMPHOCERATID^.

I'OTERIOCERAS .JEKSEYENSE, n. sp.

Plate IV, Fig. 3, side view of a specimen someichat compressed.

Shell large, acutely obovate or balloon-shaped. Body chamber
much longer than the septate portion. Greater diameter about

33

the middle of the body chamber. Section subcircular. Our
specimen is somewhat compressed so that a transverse section
cannot be accurately determined. The body chamber appears to
be bulged on one side. Probably, most tumid on the lower ven-
tral side. Our specimen shows six air chambers and probably
there were never more than two or- three more. If complete,
therefore, there would not be more than eight or nine small air
chambers.

When compared with Poterioceres missouriense which this
species most resembles, it will be observed, that the body cham-
ber is one-half longer, and the septate portion much shorter, in
this species, than it is in that one. The inclination of the septa
or obliquity toward the tumid side is the same in both species.

Found by the late Wm. McAdams, in the Kinderhook Group,
in Jersey county, Illinois, and now in the collection of Wm. F.
E. Gurley.

Family GONIATITID^. .

No one has described a Goniaiite from the Lower or Upper
Silurian rocks of America. The species described from the earliest
rocks is Ooniaiiies mithrax, from the Upper Helderberg Group,
in Ohio. It is possible that the reference of this species, by the
collector, to the Upper Helderberg was erroneous, because rocks
of the age of the Hamilton Group, in Ohio, have been frequently
referred to the Upper Helderberg, but we think that is not
I)robable, and we have no right to assume such to be the case,
without some evidence to support the assumption, and we have
none. We only know that many species occur in the Hamilton
Group, and this is the only one referred to older rocks. Where
are its ancestors or from whence did it come?

It is a very large species, with four or more volutions. The
outer one embraces the inner ones and closes the umbilicus. A
transverse section of a volution is semi- elliptical, the dorso-ventral
and transverse diameter being about as two to one.

"The Pepta curve gently forward, from the umbilicus for nearly
two-thirds of the width of the volution; thence more abruptly
backward, forming a broad, low, undefined saddle, to a point
nearly three fourths of the width of the volution, when they
again bend forward to the margin of the periphery, leaving a
broad, deep lobe, which occupies nearly one-third the width of
the volution; and thence turning abruptly backward to near the
center of the periphery, and sharply recurring, leave an acute
triangular saddle on each of the margins, and a narrow, acute,
—5

34

ventral lobe. The saddle occupying the center of the short,
ventro-Iateral curve is acute at the summit, having a height one-
fourth greater than the width at the base, and curving a little
more abruptly on the ventral side. The ventral lobe extends
about half the depth of the adjacent air-chamber, and is abruptly
narrowed below, the walls being essentially parallel and coincident
with those of the siphuncle. The septa are thin in the center,
thickened and imbricating at the margins, leaving a deeply marked
suture line. "

The definition is from Hall's Palaeontology of New York, vol.
5, pt. 2, p. 433, and it will be observed, that it includes all the
characters ascribed to the genus. If the large size, involute
whorls and complicated chambers do not indicate a fully developed
Goniatite, we would like to know what later species took on
characters belonging to a higher stage of animal development.
We know there are some more recent species having more angles
in the septa, and others with fewer angles, but the increase or
decrease, in the number of these, will hardly be held to indicate
a higher or lower stage of the development of the animal; for, if
so, we need only to turn our attention to angles in the septa, to
rate the species in the grade of its animal existence. If the stage
of the involution is the measure of the perfection of the animal,
then this species reached the highest grade, for the outer volution
embraces all the inner ones, and, we cannot assume the contrary,
because no older cephalopod ever embraced the inner whorls, in
the outer volution, and closed the umbilicus.

What these facts tend to prove is that, so far as we know, the
most ancient specimen belonging to the family Goniaiitiihv that
has ever been found in America was as highly developed as an
animal and in the structure of its shell, as any more recent
specimen. Prof. Hyatt raises the Tetrabranchiata to the grade of
a subclass and divides it into the orders, Nmdiloidea and Am-
monoidea and refers the family GonUditidd' to the Order Am-
monoidea. This is probably a good classification, but it does not
alter the conclusions to be drawn from the facts we are presenting.
His idea, however, that "The ejf'orts of the Orihoccratite to adapt
itself fully to the requirements of a mixed habitat of swimming
and crawling gave rise to the Naxdiloidea, and the efforts of the
same type to become completely a littoral crawler evolved the
Ammonoidea" does not meet with any support from the shells
that have been discovered belonging to the G<mi(dHid(v. One can
imagine that from Orthoceras through Ci/rloceras, Gyrocer<is and
other genera arose the NauHUdce, but there is absolutely no con-

35

necting link between the Orthoceraiite and the Goniatite that has
ever been discovered, and consequently no mental conception can
be introduced to supply the omission. We describe below twelve
species, eleven of which are new, and refer them to the genus
Gonintites. They are from different Groups, in the subcarboniferous
system and from the Coal Measures. Some have a closed um-
bilicus, others an open one, the volutions differ greatly, iu form,
and there are great variations, in the septa, some reversing the
order of the sinnosites, in crossing the volutions; but we are
unable to distinguish characters which we can call generic and by
so doing separate them into different genera. We think Prof.
Hyatt would not refer all the species to the same genus, and we
appreciate his learning, but are unable to follow him in his generic
subdivisions.

GONIATITES BLAIRI, n. Sp.

Plale 1 V, Fig. 4, side vietc, jxirt of it covered with ihe matrix;
Fig. 5, porlion of the ventral or outer margin.

Shell below medium size, discoid. The sides of the volutions
are flattened and inclined toward the ventral or outer margin,
which is narrowly rounded or subangular. The umbilicus is open
and exposes part of the volutions. Our specimen shows less than
one and a half volutions and it would appear that about half of
each volution is exposed and that a complete specimen would con-
tain about three volutions. Probably the last volution embraces
less of the preceding one than the inner volutions do. The sides
of the umbilicus are subangular and the greatest lateral diameter
of a volution is near the umbilicus, or adjoining the abrupt de-
scent to the umbilical cavity. The dorso-ventral diameter of a
volution is very little more than the greatest lateral diameter. The
volutions enlarge, at first, very gradually, but the enlargement is
increased, toward the outer part of the last volution. The surface
is marked by furrows, that are directed moderately backward,
from the angle at the umbilicus, for about half the diameter of
the volution, and then more rapidly curve backward to the pe-
riphery which is crossed by a rather sharp angle. The furrows are
separated by sharp angular ridges. Septa and body chamber un-
known.

We think there can be no doubt that this species belongs to
Goniatites, though none of the septa can be seen. The species is
distinguished by its general form, flattened volutions, subangular
periphery and transverse curving furrows that form an angle on
the ventral margin.

3(5

Found by S. A. Miller, in the Chouteau limestone, six miles
from Sedalia, Missouri, and now in his collection. The specific
name is in honor of R. A. Blair.

OONIATITES PARRI8HI, n. Sp.

Plate IV, Fig. 6, surface Jorm of a sephim; Fig. 7, lateral view;

Fig. 8, ventral view.

Shell below medium size, discoid, sublenticular, volutions very
rapidly expand. Transverse section of a volution semielleptical.
The sides of the volutions are somewhat flattened and inclined to-
ward the ventral margin, which is narrowly rounded. The outer
volution embraces the inner ones. The umbilicus is small and
discloses no part of the inner volutions. The sides of the umbili-
cus are abrupt and the greatest transverse diameter of a volution
is near the abrupt descent to the umbilical cavity. The dorso-
ventral diameter of a volution, in the early growth of the shell,
does not exceed the transverse, but the dorso-ventral diameter in-
creases more rapidly than the transverse, with the growth of the
shell, and soon becomes one-fourth greater, and, probably in older
shells than ours, it may become one-half greater. The external
shell is unknown. The air chambers are very short and do not
increase, in length, in proportion to the increasing size of the
volutions. The septa are closely arranged.

Each septum curves gently from the umbilicus forward aud
back to near the middle of each lateral side, where it forms an
obtuse retral angle and is directed nearly straight forward to the
ventio lateral margin, where it makes an abrupt retral bend and
iri directed backward nearly to a line with the first formed angle,
aud then again bends forward and makes a forward semicircular
curve across the median line of the ventral margin. There are,
therefore, five saddles and five lobes, which will be best under-
stood by looking at the illustration. The middle saddle curves
forward slightly more than the lateral saddles, but the ventro-
litteral saddles extend more than twice as far forward and are ob-
tusely roumlod at the anterior ends.

This species is distinguished by the general form of the shell
and by the surface form of the septa.

Found by W. J. Parrish, in whose honor the specific name is
given, in the Upper Coal Measures, at Kansas City, Missouri, aud
now in the collection of \Vm. F. E. Gurley.

37

GONIATITES ELKHORNENSIS, 11. Sp.

Plu'e IV, Fi<i. 9, lateral view; Fig. 10, ventral view; Fig. 11,
surface form of a septum.

Shell very large, discoid. There are between three aud four
volutious preserved, in our specimen, and, apparently, an entire
individual would have seven or eight volutions, all of which are
exposed, in the very wide shallow umbilical cavity or depression.
The volutions are rolled, in the same plane, and increase more
rapidly, in transverse, than in the dorso-ventral diameter. At first
the transverse diameter is not greater than the dorso-ventral, but
later, as shown by the ventral view in figure 10, the transverse
diameter becomes more than twice as great as the dorso-ventral.
The ventral side is slightly convex and the dorsal side correspond-
ingly concave, which allows the volutions to be very closely coiled,
without properly overlapping. The inner volutions are beveled,
on the lateral sides, from the middle part, leaving a middle an-
gular ridge, which gradually approaches, in the last volutions, the
ventral margin, and, at the body chamber, forms an angle, at the
ventral margin, from which the beveled edge extends to the next
inner volution.

The external shell of our specimen is not preserved. The air
chambers are very long, but do not increase, in length, in propor-
tion to the increasing size of the volutions, but, on the coutrary,
do not seem to increase in length at all. Some of the septa are
not distinct toward the end of the last volution, and it is not
clear whether or not any part of the body chamber is preserved,
but the ventral side indicates that another volution is necessary
to complete the shell. The septa are distant. They curve gently
backward from the umbilicus and then forward each one crossing
the lateral side of a volution in a sigmoid flexure, and are then
more abruptly directed backward over about one-third the width
ot the ventral margin, where each one is abruptly bent forward
and forms a semielliptical arch across the middle of the ventral
side. There are, therefore, three convex saddles, the middle one
being semi-elliptical, and extending only about half as far forward
as the less convex lateral saddles do. This will be better under-
stood by looking at the ventral view and the surface form of a
septum as represented in the illustrations.

This species is distinguished by the general form of the shell,
manner of enrollment of the volutions, transverse section of a
volution and by the saddles and lobes in the septa.

38

Found by Geo. K. Greene in the Coal Measures, on Elkhorn
Creek, in Kentucky, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E.
Gurley.

GONIATITES MONTGOMERYENSIS, n. sp.

Plate IV, Fig. 12, lateral view; Fig. 13, ventral view; Fig. 14,
surface form of a septum.

Species below medium size, globose, volutions slowly expanding.
There are between three and four volutions preserved, in our
specimen, and, apparently, an entire shell would have more than
six volutions; part of the dorsal margin of each is exposed in the
deep funnel-shaped umbilicus. The volutions are rolled in the
same plane, and increase much more rapidly in the transverse,
than in the dorso-ventral diameter. At first, the transverse
diameter is not more than twice as much as the dorso-ventral,
but, at the end of our specimen, which is somewhere in the fourth
volution, the transverse diameter is three and a half times the
dorso-ventral and doubtless the end of the volution of an entire
shell has a transverse diameter five or six times as great as the
dorso-ventral. The ventral side is broadly convex and the dorsal
side correspondingly concave, for the width of the inner volution,
and between that and the margin, tie outer volution is beveled to
the form of the funnel-shaped umbilicus. The lateral side of a
volution consists of a sharp denticulated edge. The umbilicus is
like a hollow cone or funnel bordered by a sharp denticulated
mai-gin.

Six furrows arise, at the margin of the umbilicus, at depres-
sions between the denticulations, and are directed forward at an
angle of about forty-five degrees, across one fourth of the width
of the ventral side, and then cross the middle part of the ventral
side in a slightly undulating line. These furrows divide a volution
into six subecjual parts, though the distance between them is not
uniform and does not increase regularly with the growth of the
shell. They cross the shell without any reference to the septa or
chambers. The air chambers are not of equal length, but they do
not increase in proportion to the increasing size of the shell. The
septa cross the ventral side in transverse waving lines. A septum
curves from the uml)ilicus forward and back in the form of a half
circle and then forms a retral subangular bend aud again curves
forward and back in the form of a half ellipse, and again forms
a retral subangular bend and curves forward over the middle
part of the ventral side somewhat in the form of a half circle de-
pressed in the middle part so as to make it bifid. There are,

39

therefore, five saddles and as many lobes. Four of the saddles
are somewhat evenly convex, the middle one is only about two-
thirds as high as those adjoining and is abruptly depressed, in
the middle part, so as to make it bifid, and form a short narrow
lobe in the middle of the ventral side. The illustrations will, at
once, give a better idea of the septa than any definition can give.

This species i.s quite peculiar and is distinguished by the general
form of the shell, by the hollow cone-like umbilicus surrounded
by the sharp denticulated margin of the last volution, by the six
furrows that cross the ventral side of each volution and by the
saddles and lobes in the septa.

Found by the late Wm. McAdams in the Coal Measures of
Montgomery county, Illinois, and now in the collection of Wm.
F. E. Gurley.

GONIATITES FULTONENSIS, n. Sp.

Plate IV, Fig. 15, lateral view; Fig. 16, ventral view; Fig. 17,
surface form of a septum.

Species medium size, subglobose, periphery regularly rounded ;
volutions rather rapidly expanding. Transverse section of a volu-
tion semi-elliptical, the transverse diameter being a little more
than the dorso-ventral. Number of volutions not known. The last
volution embraces all the inner ones. Umbilicus small, open but
not disclosing the inner volutions. The sides of the volutions are
slightly flattened and inclined toward the regularly rounded pe-
riphery. The sides of the umbilicus are abrupt, and the greatest
transverse diameter of a volution is near the abrupt descent to
the umbilical cavity. The external shell of our specimen is not
■ preserved.

The air chambers are very complicated, of moderate length and
do not increase in length with the increasing size of the volu-
tions. The septa are close in some places and distant in others,
depending upon the peculiar sinuosities. Within the umbilicus
there is an angle in each septum in the overlapping part of each
outer volution, from which the septum, in a gentle arch, turns
over the margin of the umbilicus, and from an obtuse angle,
curves forward and back, turning more than a half circle and ex-
tending back to an acute and prolonged point from which it takes
a retral course and again curves forward beyond the first semi-
circular curve, and then back to another prolonged point, where it
takes another retral course and again curves forward beyond the
second prolonged curve and then back to another acute and pro-

40

longed point, in line with the two preceding acute points, where
it again takes a retral course and extends forward as far as the
second prolonged curve, and instead of arching over the middle
of the periphery, abruptly curves back a short distance and then
forward and back so as to leave the summit of this saddle bifid,
and to form a short narrow lobe in the middle of the ventral
side. There are, therefore, seven saddles and seven lobes without
including the small narrow lobe in the middle of the ventral side.
The three saddles on each side rapidly increase in length from
the umbilicus toward the periphery, and the one on the periphery
has a length about equal to the middle one on each lateral side.
The numerous sinuosities of the septa are best understood by ob-
serving the illustrations. When we look at an end view of a
volution or at the face of a chamber, we see, not only the seven
projecting saddles, the middle one of which is bifid, as above de-
scribed, but also two short ones on each side at the mouth of the
umbilicus, one of which is indicated by the gentle arch which
turns over the margin above mentioned, and the other is within
the mouth of the umbilicus and forms the inner angle of the
truncated horn of the subcrescantiform chamber, and precedes the
angle first above mentioned. This inner saddle is not disclosed,
in a coiled shell, but the one on the margin of each umbilicus
might very well be counted, making nine saddles in a septa.
The siph uncle is rather large, and as usual, near the dorsal side

This species will be distinguished by its general form, the great
number of sinuosities in the septa, and by the nine exposed sad-
dles in each septum.

Found by John Wolf, in the Coal Measures, in Fulton county,
Illinois, and now in the collection of W^m. F. E. Gurley.

GONIATITES KENTDCKIENSIS, S. A. Miller.

Plate V, Fir/. I, lateral view of a large specimen preserving the

Older shell.

This species was described and illustrated in North American
Geology and Palaeontology, page 439, from the inner whorls of
specimens, that did not preserve any of the outer shell. The
volutions are unusually numerous in this species, though the
number in a mature shell is still unknown. Evidently there are
ten or more. In a large shell two or three of the volutions may
be seen by looking into the umbilicus, but in the younger speci-

41

mens the inner volutions are not disclosed. The surface of the
shell is covered with numerous, sharp, elevated, revolving lines,
separated by wider revolving furrows.

Id describing this species originally the other side of the volu-
tions was called the dorsal side of the shell, following the termin-
ology of Meek and most of the early authors; but Owen long
since showed that in the living Nautilus, the ventral side of the
animal is upon the outside and the dorsal side on the inner side
of the volution, and most late authors have made their descrip-
tions of the shells of Cephalopods conform to the position of the
animal in the shell of the Nautilus. We have adopted this method,
and the reader, in order to make comparison with the description
by Meek of coiled Cephalopods in the Geological Survey of Illi-
nois, and by other authors in North American Geology and Pal-
aeontology, and elsewhere, will find it necessary to reverse the
words dorsal and ventral as applied to the shells, so that they
may apply to the supposed position of the animal when within
the shell, as evidenced by the position of the Nautilus.

The specimen here illustrated was found by Geo. K. Greene, at
the typical locality, in the St. Louis Group, at Crab Orchard,
Kentucky, and is now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley.

GONIATITES LUNATUS, n. Sp.

Plate V, Fig. 2, lateral view; Fig. 3, end of a volution and

ventral view, shoiving the surface markings on the shell;

Fig. 4, surface form of a septum taken from

thinner and smaller specimens; Fig 5,

end and ventral view of same.

Species large, globose, volutions rather rapidly enlarging and
the periphery becoming more and more broadly rounded with the
growth of the shell. Figure 2 is a lateral view of a large speci-
men, tiiough incomplete. It preserves part of the outer shell and
does not expose the septa. Figure 3 is a smaller specimen, show-
ing the outer shell but none of the septa. Figure 4 represents a
septum from a still smaller specimen, a ventral view of which is
represented by figure 5. Number of volutions not known. A
transverse section of a volution is lunate or crescentiform. The
last volution embraces all the inner ones and closes the umbilicus.
The air chambers are short and some parts of the septa come
very close together.
—6

42

Each septum arises from the umbilicus and makes a broad curve
backward beyond the middle of the side, where it makes a sharp
retral an^le and then curves forward and backward forming more
than half an ellipse, and, instead of arching over the middle of
the periphery, abruptly curves forward a short distance, and then
backward and forward so as to make this lobe bifid, and to form
a short narrow saddle in the middle of the ventral side. There
are, therefore, five saddles and four lobes, but the middle saddle
and two middle lobes are very small. The course of a septum is
best understood by looking at the illustration. It will be observed
that the courses of the septa, in this species, are the reverse of
those in the species above described. That is, to form the first
lobes, they are directed backward in this species, and forward in
those above described. The bifid saddle is directed forward, in
the species above described, and, in this, the curve crossing the
middle of the ventral side is directed backward, and we have a
small central saddle instead of a small central lobe, etc. The sur-
face of the shell is marked by fine, transverse, imbricating lines
of growth.

This species is distinguished by its general form, transverse
lunate section of the volutions, fine transverse lines of surface or-
namentation, and peculiar sinuosities of the septa.

Found by Geo. K. Greene in the Coal Measures, on Elkhorn
Creek, in Kentucky, and now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley.

GONIATITES ILLINOISENSIS, n. sp.

Plate V, Fig. 6, lateral view; Fig. 7, ventral view; Fig. 8, sur-
face form of a septum.

Species medium size, subglobose, volutions moderately enlarging'
and periphery broadly rounded. Our specimen exposes part of
three volutions, leaving the impression that a complete shell con-
tains not less than six volutions. A transverse section of a volu-
tion is subcrescentiform, the horns being short and obtuse. The
last volution encloses all the inner ones, but leaves a rather large
open umbilicus. The air chambers are short and complicated. The
outer shell is not preserved in our specimen.

Each septum may be seeu to curve backward across the obtuse
end of the horn of the crescent, within the cavity of the umbili-
cus, and form an acute angle at the mouth of the umbilicus, where
it curves forward and then backward, in a waving line, to an acute
point, which is posterior to the first angle, where it makes a sharp
retral angle and curves forward, in a waving line, anterior to the

43

first forward curve or saddle and then backward, in a waviuf^; line,
to an acute point, which is slightly anterior to the second one,
where it makes another sharp retral angle and again curves for-
ward ,in a waving line, to a level with the anterior part of the
first saddle, and then abruptly curves back a short distance and
then forward and back, so as to make the summit of this saddle
bifid and to form a short, narrow lobe at the periphery, in the
middle of the ventral side. There are, therefore, two saddles upon
each side of the volution, and a bifid saddle in the* middle of the
ventral part, and one on each side of it, the latter being the lon-
ger ones. The two saddles, on the sides of the ventral margin,
extend somewhat anterior to the others. The sinuosities of the
septa are best understood by looking at the illustrations, and the
use of the words "saddles and lobes," for the purpose of reaching
a correct understanding, are of doubtful utility.

This species is distinguished by its general form, transverse
section of the volutions and the peculiar sinuosities of the septa.

Found by the late Wm. McAdams in the Coal Measures in
Montgomery county, Illinois, and now in the collection of Wm.
F. E. Gurley.

GONIATITES KANSASENSIS, n. sp.

Plate V, Fig. 9, lateral vieio; Fig. 10, surjace form of a septum;
Fig. 11, ventral view.

Species medium size, subglobose, volutions very slowly enlarging,
and lateral and ventral sides regularly rounded. The number of
volutions not known. Transverse sections of a volution concavo-
convex and the transverse diameter where our shell is broken off
is about three times the dorso-ventral. The transverse diameter
diminishes towards the apex more than the dorso-ventral and no
doubt increases the proportion toward the body chamber of a
mature shell. The last volution encloses all the inner ones and
leaves a large open umbilicus. The shell is regularly rounded
from the open umbilicus, leaving no distinct lateral sides, and the
greater transverse diameter near the abrupt walls of the umbilicus.
The air chambers are short and complicated. The outer shell is
not preserved in our sp »cimen.

Each septum is broadly arched forward from the ambilicus and
then curved backward in a waving line to an acute point, posterior
to the commencement at the umbilicus, where it makes a sharp
retral angle and curves forward in a waiving line slightly anterior
to the first forward curve or saddle and then backward in a waiv-

44

ing line to an acute point, which is slightly anterior to the first
acute point, wbere it makes another sharp retral angle and again
curves forward in a waving line to a level with the anterior part
of the first saddle and then abruptly curves back a short distance
and then forward and back, so as to make the summit of the sad-
dle bifid, and to form a short, narrow lobe at the periphery in
the middle of the ventral side. There are, therefore, two sad-
dles upon each side of the bifid saddle, as the periphery of
the volution. It will be noticed that the septum above described
is very much like the septa in G. illinoisensis, and distinguished
by having shorter saddles, which are less constricted in the middle
part. The sinuosities and shape of the septa in the two species
will be best understood by comparing the illustrations.

This species will be distinguished from O. illinoisensis by the
proportionately large umbilicus, shorter dorso-veutral diameter, less
gibbous volutions, which are more abruptly rounded from the
umbilicus, and by the form of the septa. It is probably more
nearly related to that species than to any other which has been
described.

Found by W. J. Parrish in the Upper Coal Measures at Kansas
City, Missouri, and now in the collection of AVm. F. E. Gurley.

GONIATITES GREENCA8TLENSI8, n. Sp.

Fldle r, Fig. 12, lateral view; Fig, 13, ventral view. Fig, 14,
surface form of a septum.

Species medium size, globose, volutions expanding laterally quite
rapidly and broadly rounded from umbilicus to umbilicus. The
number of volutions not known. Transverse section of a volution
concavo-convex and the transverse diameter, where our shell is
broken off, is more than four times as much as the dorso-ventral.
The transverse diameter proportionately diminishes toward the
apex and increases toward the body chamber. The last volution
embraces all the inner ones and leaves a large open umbilicus
that is like a hollow cone and formed by the beveling of each
outer volution from the inner volution to the margin of the um-
bilicus. The shell on the interior of the umbilicus is concen-
trically lined and furrowed. The shell is depressed convex from
the margin of one umbilicus to the margiu of the other, leaving
no lateral sides and the greatest transverse diameter at the margin
of the umbilicus. The surface of the shell is finely cancellated.
The air chambers are rather long.

Each septum is arched backward from the umbilicus to a rather
rx'ute point where it makes a retral angle and curves forward and
back in the form of half an ellipse (but not extending quite as

45

far anterior as the point of commencement at the umbilicus) and
terminates in an acute point at the miiTtlle of Ihe ventral side of
the volution. There are, therefore, two complete saddles and a
half saddle on each margin of each volution and three intervening
lobes. The pecular shape of the septa will be most appreciated
by looking at the illustrations.

This species is distinquished by its general form, open concen-
trically lined umbilicus, flattened volutions, surface ornamentation,
and by the form of the septa.

Found in the St. Louis Group at Greencastle, Indiana, and now
in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley.

GONIATITES 8UBCAVU8, n. sp.

Plate V, Fig. 15, lateral vieto; Fig. 16, end of a volution and
ventral view; Fig. 17, surface form of a septum.

Species rather below medium size, subglobose, volutions slowly
expanding and broadly rounded from umbilicus to umbilicus.
Transverse section of a volution concavo-convex, and the trans-
verse section, where our shell is broken off, is three times as
much as the dorso ventral. The transverse diameter proportion-
ally diminishes toward the apex and increases toward the body
chamber. The number of volutions not known. Tlie last volution
embraces all the inner ones and leaves a large open umbilicus
that is like a hollow cone and formed by the leveling of each
outer volution, from the inner volution, to the margin of the um-
bilicus. The shell on the interior of the umbilicus is smooth.
The shell is broadly rounded from one umbilicus to the margin
of the other leaving no lateral sides and the greatest transverse
diameter at the margins of the umbilici. The outer surface of
the shell is smooth. The air chambers are very short. Four fur-
rows arise outside of the margin of the umbilicus and curve for-
ward across the ventral side. These furrows do not interfere with
the margin of the umbilicus, they are smooth and exist on the
outer surface of the shell and on the cast. They do not regu-
larly occur on a volution and belong rather to the outer shell it-
self than to the body of the volution. It does not appear that
they could have had any effect upon the animal.

Each septum arises from the umbilicus and makes a broad
curve backward where it turns an btuse angle and then curves
forwai'd nearly as far anterior as the point of commencement and
then backward forming more than half an ellipse and again

46

turns an obtuse angle and passes slightly forward to the median
line on the ventral side. This forms a bifid lobe and a short nar-
row saddle in the middle of the ventral side. There are, there-
fore, five saddles, and four lobes, but the middle saddle and two
middle lobes are produced by a bifid lobe.

The septa in this species are very much like the septa in 6r.
lunatus, and the open umbilicus is very much like that in G.
(jreencasilensis, but the species do not agree in any other respects,
and on the whole, have little resemblance to each other. The
reader must notice that in looking at figures 5 and 16 he is look-
ing, on the ventral side of the shell toward the apex, and in all
other ventral views he is looking toward the anterior end of the
shell, and, therefore, the septa in figures 5 and 1(> are wrong side
up, and the saddles are on the lower side of the septa. Figures
4 and 17 are correct.

Found by the late Wm. McAdams, in the Coal Measures, in
Montgomery county, Illinois, and now in the collection of Wm.
F. E. Gurley.

QONIATITES JESSIE^E, n. sp.

Plate V, Fig. 18, lateral view of a small specimen; Fig. 19, end view

of a volution and j>ort of a ventral view; Fig. 20,

surface view of a septum.

Species medium or above medium size, discoid, sublenticular,
volutions rapidly expand, and periphery sharply rounded. We have
a specimen more than twice as large as the one that is illustrated,
but it shows none of the septa. Transverse section of a volution
crescentiform. The sides of the volutions are broadly rounded and
the ventral margin more narrowly rounded. The outer volution
embraces all the inner ones and closes the umbilicus. The dorso-
ventral diameter including the horns of the crescent is about one-
half more than the greatest transverse diameter, but the dorso-
ventral diameter increases rather more rapidly than the transverse.
The external shell is unknown. The air chambers are of medium
length.

Each septum curves gently from the umbilicus forward and
back, to a point posterior to the place of beginning and near the
ventrolateral margin, where it makes a narrow retral bend and
curves forward and backward forming half an ellipse, and then
makes a retral bend across the periphery of the ventral side. It
is not clear from our specimen whether or not there is a small
lobe at the median line. There are, therefore, four saddles and
three lobes in each septa as shown by the illustration.

47

This species is distinguished by its general form, closed umbili-
cus and surface form of the septa.

Fouud by R. A. Blair and his accomplished daughter, in whose
honor we have proposed the specific name, in the Couteau lime-
stone, near Sedalia, Missouri, and now in the collection of S. A.
Miller.

SDBKINGDOM PROTOZOA.

CLASS PORIFERA.
Family RECEPTACULITID^.

receptaculites dixonensis, d. sp.

Plate V, Fig. 21, basal view; Fig. 23, side view.

Species medium size, general form obovate. Our specimen is
more ventricose on one lower lateral side than upon the other.
It is a dolomite and the external integument or ectorhim of
Billings is not preserved and the internal coating or eudorhim is
not visible. The part which is presented to us for description is
the outer surface of the spicular skeleton.

The base is broadly rounded and has a subcentral, hard, slightly
projecting nucleus from which the sigmoidal rows of rhomboidal
depressions arise, and curving, at first, gently to the right and to
the left, like the engine turnings on a watch, and then curving
upward more rapidly, they make more than one revolution around
the skeleton before reaching the edge of the summit aperture.
All of the rows originate at the margin of the nucleus, and, as
they diverge, they increase in diameter, and then contract toward
the summit aperture, abruptly stop without the intercalation of
any rows. In other words, the surface is covered with the ex-
pansion of the rows of rhomboidal depressions that arise at the
small solid nucleus, at the base, some of which do not extend to
the summit. Each rhomboidal depressions has, within the elevated
marginal lines, a transverse furrow with a central pore and one at
each end of the furrow. The transverse furrow is crossed by a
less conspicious longitudinal furrow. The central pore is larger than
the pore at either end of the transverse furrow. The pores and
furrows, probably, represent the spicules which formed the skeleton
but have been destroyed. The aperture, at the summit, is sub-
central but not well preserved in our specimen.

In 1861, Prof. James Hall, in a pamphlet report on the Geolog-
ical Survey of Wisconsin, page 16, described without illustration
a fossil under the name of " Receptaculites glolmlare," as follows:

48

"Body globuse or subglobuse, with an irregular base of attach-
ment; transverse diameter usually greater than the vertical diam-
eter; summit a little depressed; cells arranged in radiating curved
lines, the apertures rhomboidal and transversely elongated; con-
centric groove and raised ridges between strongly marked. This
species is readily distinguished by its small globose form, which
is usually not more than three-fourths of an inch in diameter. It
is more rare than either of the others (i?. owetii and R. iowensis)
though I am informed by Prof. Daniels, that more than twenty
specimens were obtained at a single locality in Wisconsin. About
twenty years since, I received a specimen of this species from Mr.
Thorp, of Mount Morris, Illinois, and have seen others in Galena,
and in the collection of Prof. Daniels. Geological formation aud
locality. — In the Galena limestone of the lead region of Wiscon-
sin, Iowa and Illinois."

The name and definition might have passed into oblivion, because
no one could have recognized the species, if Prof. Meek had not
revived it, in the Geological Survey of Illinois, vol. 3, p. 301, pi.
2, fig. 2a, h. Prof. Meek described under the name of Recepta-
cnliies (jlohidaris, Hall, a species as follows:

"Body obovate, or subglobose, rounded and slightly umbilicated
above, and tapering to a rather broad base of attachment below.
Cells arranged in the usual regularly curved lines, with transversely
elongated rhomboidal apertures, which become exceedingly narrow
aud crowded on the sides; transverse ridges between the cells and
the intervening grooves well defined, and becoming, like the cells,
very closely compacted together on the sides. This is probably
the form described by Prof. Hall, under the above name, though
it is proportionally longer than the specimens upon which the
species was founded, which are said to be usually wider than long.
Wo have others, however, from the same locality agreeing more
nearly with his description, and apparently not separable specifi-
cally from this. Locality and position. —Scales' Mound, Illinois;
from the Galena division of the Lower Silurian series."

We have never seen a sp(»cimeu that resembles the definition
given by Prof. Hall, making due allowance for the fact that he
called the summit the base; which was an excusable mistake, until
after the study of Billings, on Eeceptaculites, published in 1865,
in Palffiozoic Fossils, p. 378. But the species illustrated by Prof.
Meek will stand for that of Hall, and we come now to compare it

49

with the species herein described. First, however, we must call
atteutiou to the fact that Meek also mistook the base for the sum-
mit, and his definition must be corrected in that respect, and bis
figure 2o must be regarded as the base instead of the summit, and
figure 2b must be reversed end for end. The fact too, that our
specimen is much lai-ger than any that either Prof. Hall or Prof.
Meek mentioned, is immaterial.

Our specimen is convex at the base, and not umbilicated or con-
cave as R. globularis is described. Our specimen does not possess
the transversely elongated rhomboidal apertures found in li. glo-
bularis. And the rows of rhomboidal depressions, in R. globu-
laris, as shown in the illustration 26, do not pass half way around
the skeleton, while in our species they pass around the skeleton
and nearly half around again. The two species, therefore, seem
to be widely sepai'ated from each other, though they occur in rocks
of the same geological age.

It may be proper here to remark, that some European authors
widely class Americao fossils in lists of syfionyms with European
fossils and with fossils belonging to different geological formations,
in America. As an illustration, we find R. globularis, which is
known only from the Galena Group, in the Lower Silurian, and
R. ohioensis, and R. sublurbuudtis which are known only from the
highest members of the Niagara Group, classed by one of those
authors as synonyms for IschadHes koenigi. It would seem that
some of them have no idea of the order of the geological forma-
tions in America, and are equally as obscure in making compari-
sons of fossils. No species of fossils, animal or vegetable, was ever
found common to the Galena and Niagara Groups, and there does
not seem to have been any excuse for confounding R. globularis with
R ohioensis of Meek, or R. subturbinatus of Hall, on any paheon-
tological grounds or even upon faociful resemplance. Neither is
there anything in the descriptions or illustrations of R ohioensis
by Meek, and R. subturbinatus by Hall, that would indicate that
they might be synonyms. It will be noticed that Meek, in Ohio
Palaintology, Vol. 2, and Hall, in the 11th Report of the Geologi-
cal Survey of Indiana, continue to call the base, the summit of
—7

50

lieceptnculites. They either overlook the work of Billiugs, who
demoustrated the sponge spicular character of Recepiaculiies or
did not choose to follow him in his researches. We think there
is no reasonable doubt of the oorrectness of Billings' observations,
on this genus, and adopt his terminology and conclusions.

The type of our species was found iu the Galena Group, near
Dixon, Illinois, and is now in the collection of Wm. F. E. Gurley.

PLATE I.

LONUUfABmOM OKANDB,n. ep .

Fig. 1. Right valve.

Page.

Fig.
Pig.

2. Left valve of another Hpecimen.

3. Anterior view of Bainn

Blairei.i.a HKi>Ai.iKN8iJ',n. ep 7

View of hinge line.
Onlside of the same flhetl.
Right vaive of a caet.
Ri^ht valve of another cast.
t'Hrdinal view of the same 8p6»:imen.

Pig.

4.

Pig.

6.

fig.

6.

Pig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Edmundia alhkksi, n. ftp

Fig. 9. Right valve.

Fig. 10. Left valve of another Mperimeu.

Fig. 11 Cardinal view of >aiue.

CU.^:N0MYA LnNUA, n. Bp.

Fig. 1*2. Cardinal view.
Fig. 13. View of left valve

M ACRODON FACETU*!, B. Sp

Fig. 14. Cardinal view.

Fig. 15. Right valve.

Fig. 16. Surface of the caet. inatrnifled piix diaiuetera.

POBinONOMTA LASAU,BNi*l8, D. Hp

Fig. 17. Left valve.

Fig. 18. Same magnillMd two diametere.

li!

ILL. STATE MUS. OF NAT. HIST.

eulletin No. I I.

Plate I.

J1 AlberS i'''

M

VTILARCA

Fig.

1.

Pig.

•i.

Klg.

3.

Kife.

4.

KlK.

5.

KiK.

6.

PLATE II.

Paok

(K8HIK.*:, n. 8p ' 14

Left valve.

Left valve of another specimen.

Part of another left valve.

Anterior cast of ri^ht valve.

Anterior end of left valve.

Pnrt of surface of Bhell inagniQed foor diameters.

LlOPTKlUA BOBOVATA, n. Bp. i;^

Fig. 7. Left valve.

Pig. 8. Hight valve of another 8pecimen.

c'ig. '9, Left valve of another specimen.

LlOPTEKlA SI'ECIOSA, U. Sp 13

Klg. 10. Left valve.

ElYMCLLA MLSaOURIENSIB, U. Sp I.'.

Kij;. 11. Left valve.

Ki^. 12. t^ardinal view of a rant.

PaI.JCOBOLEN OCCIDENTAU8. n. 8p IC

Fig. 13. Cardinal view.
Fig. 1-L View of left valve.

SrillZODUS eEDALIEN8I8, D. Sp ' 17

Klg. 15. Cardinal view.
Fig. 16. View of right valve.

MaCKODON TETTISENSIS, U. ep 1(1

Fig. 17. Kighl valve.

Fig. 18. Right valve of a larger specimen.

MaORODON BLAIRI, D. gp :.

Fig. 1ft. Right valve.
Left valve.

Left valve of a email specimen.
Cardinal view.
Left valve ot same.
Left vulve of a medium eized specimen.

CyI'IIICAUOKLLA EXIMIA, 0- 8p IJ

Fig. 25. Left valve.

Fig.

20.

Fig.

21.

Fig.

2i.

Fig.

21

Fig.

24,

LUNULICARDIt'M RKTR0K8UM, n. 8p t>

Fig. 36. Right valve.

Fig. 27. Left valve of a smaller specimen.
Fig. 28. Cardinal view of same.

SlMIENOTDS flINUATUfl, n. 8p «j

Fig. *-i9. Right valve.

Fig. .10. Left valve of n smaller specimen.

MURCHISONIA INDIANENSie, n. Bp 1(J

Pip. 81. Lateral view.

Fig. 32. Part of enrface miignified,

Ho]X)rEA URANIMS, n. sp 19

Fig. 33. Basal view.
Fig. 34. I^ateral view.

STKArAitoLi.us Miesi>rRiE:«8if*, n fp ,,, 2»i

Fig. 35. View of a nearly entire Hpeclmen.
Fig. 36. View of a larger specimen.

ILL. STATE MUS. OF NAT. HIST.

Plate II.

PLATE III.

C^JNULABfA ROBPERI, n. 8p.. '^

Fig. 1. Middle part of a specimen.
Fig. 3. Traneveree sHClion.

CONULAltlA tiKKB:iEI, U. Sp

Fig. 3. Middle part of a epecinieu.

CONOLAEIA 8EI)ALIEN8IS, U Bp.

Fig. 4. V^iew of fragniPint from middle part of a epecimea.
Fig. 5. View showing oroainentatiou ou uuder side of a sliell.

Otclonkma i*ci,t'HKLi.irM, n. sp.
Fig. fi. Lateral view.

BbliiBropbon blairi, n. sp

Fig. 7. Dorsal view.

Fig. 8. Dorsal vievf showing shell below.

BELLKKOI'HON flEUALI^NSIH, H. Sp 21

Fig. !». Dorsal view of a cast .

Fig. 10, Lat-eral view of a Bpecimen showing the shell.

CTBTOOKRA*- DtlNLEITHKNSIS, D. Sp 30

Fig. U. Lateral View.
Fig. 12. Traneveree view.

ILL. STATE WUS. OF NAT. HIST.

Bulletin No. I I

Plate III.

A <A,\\3vrs dfi

/I :ri7uis

dti

f'^l'f Iflisimi

.illyiJllII 7

'■jlv liii^inj

■7ftl / f'
.W**iV lii.

. H to 7/'.. /

PLATE IV.

ORTHOCEUAS CALPWELLEN9I8, 11. Sp 31

Fig. 1. Lateral view.
Fig. 2. Transverse view.

POTERIOCEHAIJ .TKKHKYKN8IS, 11. Bp 3)^

Fig. 'A. Lateral view.

GONIATITES U!,A1U, II. it\) . 35

Fig. 4. Lateral view.

Fig. ^. Pan of outer margin.

UONIATITEH PAimi^Hl, D. flp 3*1

Pig. ti. View of a septum.
Fig. 7. Lateral view,
Fiff. H. Ventral view.

GONIATITEB ELKHORNENain, H. Sp 37

Fig. 9. Lateral view.
Flff. 10. Ventral view.
Fig. 11. View of a septum.

UONIATITES MONTOOMEHYKNPIS, H. Bp 38

Fig. 13. Lateral view.
Fig. Ih. Ventral view.
Fig. 14. V^ lew of aeeptuni.

GONIATITES FULTONENSIB, H. sp 88

Fig. 16. L&teral view.
FiR. Iti. Ventral view.
Fig. 17. View of a fi»*ptum.

ILL. STATE MUS. OF NAT. HIST.

Bulletin No. I I

Plate IV.

MH/U'Vk

Aj ullbcrs d?i

PLATE V.

Paye.

iJOMATITES KENTUCKIEN8l8,n. 8p 40

Fi^. 1. Lftlornl view.

(tONIATITKH l.tlNATUB, n. Pp 41

Fi£. M. Lnteral view.
FiK- :*■ Ventral view.
Fig. 4. View of a septum.
Fig, 5. Ventral view.

CONIATITEB IIJ.INi)ISKN8l8,n. Pp 4"?

Fig. 6. L'lteral view.
Fig. 7. Ventral view.
Fig. 8. View of a septum.

GONIATITES KANHAHENSia, n. 8p 43

Fig. y. Lateral view.
Fig. 10. View of a st-ptiim
Fig. 11. Ventral view.

GONIATITKH OREENCASri.ENSrs n. 8p 44

Fig. 13. Lateral view.
Fig. 13. Ventral view.
Fig. 14. View of a septum.

<tONIATITK8 BUBCAVD8,n Sp 45

Fig. 15. Lateral view.
Fig. Iti. Ventral view.
Flpr. 17. View of a eeptiini.

(iONIATITKR .rG-8IE/t,, n. 9p 46

Fig. 18. Lateral view.
Fig. 19. Ventral view.
Fig. 20. View of a septum.

ItErKl'TACirUTES niXO.NENMM, n Hp 47

Fig. 21. Baeal view.
Fig. 32. Lateral view.

ILL. STATE MUS. OF NAT. HIST.

Bulletin No. I I .

Plate V.

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