- : owe , eter Sit ae
—_ ene ee!
or mee Ws. en tr A = “= i

Mee -
t- : :

A ene Tee tesermre 9 mores

HANDBOUND
AT THE

UNIVERSITY OF

i ot ne pS nie See ars ae

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
University of Toronto

http://www.archive.org/details/bulletinofmuseu18harv

; | Aen n

it hap sty

(iii ahi |
Bulletin of the) Museum of Comparative Zodlogy,
AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

VoL. XVII.

REPORTS ON THE RESULTS OF DREDGING, UNDER THE SUPER-
VISION OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, IN THE GULF OF MEXICO
(1877-78) AND IN THE CARIBBEAN SEA (1879-80), BY THE U.S.
COAST SURVEY STEAMER “BLAKE,” LIEUT-COMMANDER C. D.
SIGSBEE, U. S.N.. AND COMMANDER J. R. BARTLETT, U.S.N,
COMMANDING.

[Published by Permission of CARLILE P. PATTERSON and J. E. HILGARD,
Superintendents of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.]

XXIX.— REPORT ON THE MOLLUSCA.
By W. t. “(DALL.

PART IIl.— GASTROPODA AND SCAPHOPODA.

WitTH THIRTY-ONE PLATES.

CAMBRIDGE:
PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM.
JUNE, 1889.

bd 7+ 384 wr riay

sie eh Ee

ss ee ye
t : 4
4 a ——— }
>
SS t
sible i
4
uf s
rd
W
é
i ‘ wh
3 k op. wi
oe at P. a
ad
‘ Dev A ED | ae
rey a ee ee
7 ' ‘ ’ } Wie on
y : * 7 ’ ' os { re :
ae ys bd i? wt evil eae
Thal. satan 1 ee yi
my i re) eee .
44 a . ie PrP ate Ye ® |.
ee uns
- ae Ns .
4 hee Vy,
. . iy
» : Pm. Ais i a hy
ni : Ai
a ae VA i F 5 i
ri 4 j ou “ ia
aa Ni ane ie
Gee
. \ : ee “* Ad i
- n we LN ‘a, : ont) Divs re
E ' : ioe i x “A ehy i re
(w vi Se 7" 4 f Sol ,¥ a

;

Reports on the Results of Dredging, under the Supervision of ALEX-
ANDER AGASSIZ, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78) and in the
Caribbean Sea (1879-80), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer
“ Blake,” LIEUT.-COMMANDER C, D. SIGSBEE, U. S. N., and Com-
MANDER J. R. BARTLETT, U.S. N., Commanding.

[Published by Permission of Cartite P. Parrerson and J. E. Hitearp, Super-
intendents of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.]

X XIX.

Report on the Mollusca, by W. H. Dati. — Part II. Gastropoda and
Scaphopoda.

Tue reader of this Report, for various details as to its origin, progress,
and results, is referred to the introductory remarks prefixed to Part I.
(Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. XII, No. 6, pp. 171-186.) His attention
is especially called to the remarks upon nomenclature (p. 175), and the
acknowledgments for indebtedness to other scientific men and their
publications.

In the present portion of the Report, the material offered by the
Blake Collection has been materially supplemented by the southern
dredgings of the U. 8. Fish Commission Steamer “ Albatross,” and other
material collected in the region and now in the National Museum. It
was the original intention of the writer to make this Report a summary
to date of deep-sea research and faunal exploration of the geographical
province extending from Brazil to Cape Hatteras. But the material
has been collected so rapidly, and the study of it leads to such unex-
pected conclusions, in many cases, that it has been impracticable to do
this for all the families. A general bathymetrical review may be at-
tempted later; the present paper contains data for any one ambitious
to make the attempt at once, but the writer prefers to defer it until
the results of the later dredgings of the Fish Commission and of the
French expeditions are at hand, to be combined into a paper which shall
represent the latest information on the subject.

However, in the following Report will be found in several instances a
complete though brief review of all the species of a group known to

VOL. XVHI. 1

2 BULLETIN OF THE

inhabit the region above defined, at any depth. Especial attention has
been paid to an enumeration of the valid species of our southern coasts,
so neglected for the last quarter of a century. But in families or gen-
era comprising a large multitude of species, such as the Pleurotomide,
this has been impracticable, and has not been attempted.

The Systematic List which precedes the text, while it enumerates
those species which are new, newly named, or treated of at length,
whether of the Blake Collection or merely illustrative of it, does not
include the numerous other species which are only incidentally referred
to or enumerated in generic summaries of the southern fauna.

The present paper includes a systematic description and account of
the Gastropods* and Scaphopods comprised in the Blake Collection,
(excepting pelagic species which float on the surface,) illustrated by
data drawn from the collections of the U.S. Fish Commission made
south of Cape Hatteras. In the course of this account the nomencla-
ture has been discussed and rectified in several cases. In other cases
the generic names and arrangements commonly in use have been
adopted as they are found in the text-books, for want of time and mate-
rial to revise the ordinary classification if necessary. Anatomical de-
tails have been supplied whenever the material was available and the
interest of the subject seemed to warrant it. These details will be
found, as in Part I, under the heads of the respective genera and spe-
cies. They are too numerous to particularize. Perhaps those of most
general interest relate to the soft parts of Pleurotomaria, of the Volutide
of the Gulf of Mexico, of Pedicularia, of certain forms connected with
Cerithiopsis, and of the various Limpets. The writer has been handi-
capped by the impossibility of getting an artist competent to make
suitable drawings from the magnified camera lucida sketches of anat-
omy, dentition, etc., and has been obliged to leave unillustrated many
of the points which he has described at length in the text. It has been
impossible, with his official engagements, for him personally to elabo-
rate these drawings. To Dr. J. C. McConnell he has been indebted for
admirable renderings of the shells, as heretofore.

In addition to the acknowledgments made in Part I, the writer de-
sires to express his indebtedness to the great quarto report on the
Gastropoda of the Challenger Expedition, by the Rev. Robert Boog-
Watson ; to the admirable Manual by Dr. Paul Fischer, recently con-
cluded ; and to the Manual which Mr. George W. Tryon, of Philadelphia,

* The few Nudibranchs collected have been referred to Dr. R. Bergh, who will
report upon them separately.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 3

projected, and had largely carried out at the time of his premature
decease.

In the course of this Report the writer has freely criticised the litera-
ture which he was required to consult, not with any desire of fault-
finding, but because frank and free criticism is, it seems to him, the
most desirable way of getting at the truth. During Mr. Tryon’s life-
time the writer felt obliged on several occasions rather sharply to
criticise the execution of some parts of that gentleman’s Manual, and
it gives him pleasure to say, now that Death has intervened, that this
criticism never interrupted the friendly relations which mutually ex-
isted and continued to exist. Mr. Tryon, without entering into contro-
versy, took steps to remedy such of the faults as he felt to be justly
criticised, and a comparison of the later volumes of the Manual with
the earlier ones will sufficiently illustrate the result. The work is
important, and almost indispensable, while from its very nature it is
especially liable to minor inaccuracies. For this reason the writer has
not eliminated any of the criticisms or corrections from his manuscript
prepared during Mr. Tryon’s lifetime, and which now is printed. He
believes that his friend would prefer that all just and fair corrections
should be made, and that the science to which he was thoroughly de-
voted should thus be advanced. Well aware that he himself may in
turn offer a fair target for the critic, the writer invites corrections which
may suggest themselves to other malacologists.

A summary of the numerical results of this investigation into the
Antillean and Gulf fauna will be found at the end of this paper, where
it is placed in order that it may express the latest and most accurate
figures. These data are, as every one knows, liable to be slightly
modified in the course of printing and proof-reading.

In this Report all dimensions are given in millimeters ; all tempera-
tures are bottom temperatures, and expressed in degrees Fahrenheit.
The measurements of a shell are made parallel with the axis, the curve
of the profile not being taken into account. The term longitudinal in
description is equivalent to spiral, and indicates a direction parallel
with the coil of the whorl. The term transverse refers to sculpture
crossing the whorls in general parallelism with the longitudinal central
axis of the whole shell. The nucleus is the larval shell, be the same
large or small. The apex of the spire is considered to be the posterzor,
the end of the canal to be the anterior end of the shell, and all terms
indicating direction are to be understood in harmony with this defini-
tion. Right and left, when used, are used as if the animal were crawl-

4 BULLETIN OF THE

ing, with his head away from the observer, on a plane at right angles to
the line of sight.

The figures after the references to the plates indicate the longest
diameter of the shell in the position in which it is figured, whether this
be height or diameter actually, unless it be otherwise stated. As a
rule “alt.” is prefixed to statements of dimension which refer to height
of the spire, and “lat.” or “diam.” to the measurements taken at right
angles to the axis of the spire.

The nomenclature adopted is based on the rules of the British Associa-
tion, as illustrated by the Report of the American Association in 1877,
and the subsequent contributions of De Candolle and the American
Ornithologist’s Union. I have not seen any more recent discussions of
the subject which go far enough into it to be of much importance.
Such a report as that of the Bologna Geological Congress is so inade-
quate as to carry no weight ; the so-called rules being ‘essentially su-
perficial and insufficient to meet the needs of the conscientious student
of nomenclature.

The relation of the deep-sea fauna to the fauna of the Tertiaries |

is more intimate in some respects than that of the Tertiaries to
the recent fauna of the litorale. A number of genera and subordi-
nate groups hitherto known only from the Tertiary deposits will be
found enumerated among the forms collected by the ‘“ Blake” and
** Albatross.”

The Index will contain references to the species mentioned in both
Part I and Part II, and the plates are continuously numbered in the
two papers. The preliminary descriptions of Bulletin M. C. Z., Vol. IX,
No. 2, 1881, which are not reprinted, were provided with an index of
their own.

For the student interested in the fauna of the southern coasts of the
United States, this report will contain more new information than has
appeared in any single publication for many years. The writer hopes
that it may stimulate in some measure the interest in that fauna which
its richness, its possibility of novelties to come, and its relations with
the fauna of the Antilles, may reasonably lead us to expect. There is no
department of biology where more remains to be done than among the
Mollusca, and it is in the power of any good observer, whether scientifi-
cally trained or not, to add to the sum of our knowledge, and materially
aid in the reformation of the present unsatisfactory systems.

Wasuineron, D. C., June, 1888.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES.

[Species marked with an asterisk were not contained in the Blake Collection, or are
referred to for purposes of illustration, etc.]

CLtass GASTROPODA.
Susctass ANISOPLEURA.

Order OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.

Suborder TECTIBRANCHIATA.

Famity ACTAONIDZ.
Genus ACTON Montrort.

Actzon exilis Jeffreys.*
Actzon pusillus Jeffreys,
Actzon punctostriatus Adams.*
Actzon Cumingii A. Adams.*
Actzon delicatus Dall.

Actzon melampoides Dall.
Actzon perforatus Dall.
Actzon Danaida Dall.

Actzon incisus Dall.

Genus OVULACTZZON DALL.

Ovulactzon Meekii Dall.

Famity RINGICULIDZA.

Genus RINGICULA DEsSHAYEs.

Section RINGICULINA Monterosato.

Ringicula nitida Verrill.
Ringicula floridana Dall.*
Ringicula floridana var. Guppy Dall.*

BULLETIN OF THE

Famity TORNATINID2A.

Genus TORNATINA A. ApDaAmMs.

Subgenus COLEOPHYSIS Fiscuer.
Coleophysis perplicatus Dall.

Subgenus CYLICHNELLA Gasp,

Cylichnella bidentata Orbigny.

Genus UTRICULUS Brown.

Utriculus Mayoi Dall.*

Utriculus Frielei Dall.

Utriculus vortex Dall.

Utriculus (vortex var.?) domitus Dall.
Utriculus pervius Dall.*

Subgenus RETUSA (Brown) Morcu.

Retusa ovata Jeffreys.*
Retusa obesiuscula Brugnone.*

Genus VOLVULA A. Apams.

Volvula acuta Orbigny.
Volvula oxytata Bush.*
Volvula Bushii Dall.*

Volvula aspinosa Dall.*

Famity SCAPHANDRIDZ.

Genus SCAPHANDER Monrrort.

Scaphander punctostriatus Mighels, var. clavus Dall.
Scaphander Watsoni Dall.

Subgenus SABATIA Briarpt.
Sabatia bathymophila Dall.

Genus ATYS MontTrort.

Atys Sandersoni Dall.

Genus CYLICHNA LovEn.
Cylichna Verrillii Dall.*

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Famity BULLIDJZE.

Genus BULLA Linnge.

Bulla? eburnea Dall.
Bulla occidentalis A. Adams.
Bulla abyssicola Dall.
Bulla Krebsii Dall.
Bulla clausa Dall.*
Genus HAMINEA Leacu.

Haminea succinea Conrad.

Famity PHILINID.

Genus PHILINE Ascanias.

Philine infundibulum Dall.
Philine planata Dall.
Philine flexuosa M. Sars.

Famity GASTROPTERIDZ.

Genus GASTROPTERON MEcKEL.

_Gastropteron sp. indcet.

Famity UMBRACULID.

Genus UMBRACULUM Scuumacauer.

Umbraculum bermudense Morch 2?

Subgenus HYALOPATINA Datt.
Hyalopatina Rushii Dall.*

SuPER-ORDER PROSOBRANCHIATA.

Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA.

Super-Family TOXOGLOSSA.
Famity TEREBRID.

Genus TEREBRA Lamarck.

Section EURYTA.
Terebra aciculata Lamarck.*

“I

BULLETIN OF THE

Section HASTULA.
Terebra hastata Gmelin.*
Terebra cinerea Gmelin.*

Section SUBULA.
Terebra floridana Dall.*

Section ACUS.
Terebra dislocata Say.*
Terebra concava Say.*
Terebra concava var. vinosa Dall.*
Terebra protexta Conrad.*
Terebra protexta var. lutescens (Smith ?) Dall.*
Terebra nassula Dall.
Terebra limatula Dall.*
Terebra limatula var. acrior Dall.
Terebra benthalis Dall.
Terebra Rushii Dall.*

Famity CONID.A.

Genus CONUS Linne.

Conus Mazei Deshayes.
Conus cedonulli Lamarck.
Conus proteus Hwass.
Conus Pealei Green.*
Conus Agassizii Dall.
Conus Villepini F. & B.
Conus daucus Hwass.
Conus centurio Born.
Conus flavescens Gray.
Conus amphiurgus Dall.*

Famity PLEUROTOMID/.

Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.

Subgenus PLEUROTOMA s,s.

Pleurotoma albida Perry.
Pleurotoma albida var. tellea Dall.*
Pleurotoma albida var. vibex Dall.
Pleurotoma periscelida Dall.*

Subgenus LEUCOSYRINX Dat...
Leucosyrinx Verrillii Dall.
Leucosyrinx Sigsbeei Dall.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Leucosyrinx tenoceras Dall.
Leucosyrinx subgrundifera Dall.

Subgenus ANCISTROSYRINX Dat.

Ancistrosyrinx elegans Dall.
Ancistrosyrinx radiata Dall.

Subgenus GENOTA ApDamMs.
Genota mitrella Dall.

Section DOLICHOTOMA Bellardi.
Genota viabrunnea Dall.

Genus DRILLIA Gray.

Drillia ostrearum Stearns.
Drillia Tryonii Dall.

Drillia albicoma Dall.

Drillia detecta Dall.

Drillia alesidota Dall.*

Drillia alesidota var. macilenta Dall.
Drillia polytorta Dall.

Drillia eucosmia Dall.

Drillia eucosmia var. canna Dall.
Drillia haliostrephis Dall.
Drillia acestra Dall.

Drillia pharcida Dall.*

Drillia acrybia Dall.

Drillia tristicha Dall.*

Drillia ebur Reeve.

Drillia fucata Reeve.*

Drillia pagodula Dall.

Drillia pagodula var. pentagonalis Dall.
Drillia coccinata Reeve.

Drillia thea var. carminura Dall.
Drillia Simpsoni Dall.*

Drillia lissotropis Dall.

Drillia Dalli Verrill. ;
Drillia Dalli var. acloneta Dall.
Drillia Dalli var. cestrota Dall.
Drillia nucleata Dall.

Drillia Verrillii Dall.

Drillia havanensis Dall.

Drillia premorra Dall.

Drillia oleacina Dall.

Drillia smirna Dall.

Drillia lithocolleta Watson.

BULLETIN OF THE

Section CYMATOSYRINX Dall.

Drillia centimata Dall.
Drillia epynota Dall.*
Drillia Moseri Dall.

Genus BORSONIA BELvLArDI.
Subgenus BORSONIA s.s.

Borsonia ceroplasta Watson.

Subgenus CORDIERIA Rovavttr.
Cordieria Rouaultii Dall.

Genus MANGILIA Risso.

Subgenus AFORIA Dall.

Aforia circinata Dall.*
? Aforia hypomela Dall.*

Subgenus CYTHARA ScHUMACHER.

Cythara Bartlettii Dall.
Cythara cymella Dall.

Subgenus DAPHNELLA Hinps.

Section DAPHNELLA s. s.
Daphnella leucophlegma Dall.
Daphnella corbicula Dall.
Daphnella reticulosa Dall.
Daphnella pompholyx Dall.
Daphnella retifera Dall.*
Daphnella morra Dall.

Daphnella elata Dall.*

Section EUBELA Dall.

Daphnella limacina, Dall.
Daphnella calyx Dall.*

Daphnella sofia Dall.

Daphnella sofia var. hyperlissa Dall.*

Subgenus GLYPHOSTOMA Gass.

Glyphostoma dentifera Gabb.
Glyphostoma Gabbii Dall.
Glyphostoma gratula Dall.
Glyphostoma phalera Dall.*

Subgenus MANGILIA Risso gs, s.
Mangilia caribzea Orbigny.

OV YU NY

OO

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 11

Mangilia Lavalleana Orbigny.

Mangilia atrostyla Dall.

Mangilia quadrata Reeve.*

Mangilia quadrata var. diminuta Adams.*
Mangilia quadrata var. rugirima Dall.*
Mangilia quadrata var. monocingulata Dall.
Mangilia serga Dall.

Mangilia halitropis Dall.

Mangilia ipara Dall.

Mangilia peripla Dall.

Mangilia elusiva Dall.

Mangilia bandella Dall.

Mangilia antonia Dall.

Mangilia comatotropis Dall.

Mangilia scipio Dall.

Mangilia pelagia Dall.

Mangilia exsculpta Watson.

Mangilia Pourtalesii Dall.

Mangilia subsida Dall.

Mangilia toreumata Dall.

Subgenus PLEUROTOMELLA VerRILL.

Pleurotomella Packardi Verrill.*
Pleurotomella Packardi var. formosa Jeffreys.
Pleurotomella Packardi var. Benedicts V. & S.
Pleurotomella leucomata Dall.
Pleurotomella Agassizii V. & S. var. mexicana Dall.*
Pleurotomella Edgariana Dall.*
Pleurotomella Emertonii V. & S.
Pleurotomella chariessa Watson.
Pleurotomella chariessa var. spica Dall.*
Pleurotomella chariessa var. phalera Dall.*
Pleurotomella chariessa var. tellea Dall.*
Pleurotomella chariessa var. aresta Dall.*
Pleurotomella filifera Dall.

Pleurotomella catasarca Dall.

Pleurotomella hadria Dall.*

Section? GYMNOBELA Verrill.

Pleurotomella extensa Dall.

Pleurotomella Blakeana Dall.

Pleurotomella Blakeana var. agria Dall.
Pleurotomella tornata Verrill var. Malmii Dall.

Subgenus TARANIS JEFFREYS.
Taranis cirrata Brugnone.*

12

BULLETIN OF THE

Famity CANCELLARIID,
Genus CANCELLARIA LAMaARcK.

Subgenus CANCELLARIA 5s. s.

Cancellaria reticulata Linné.
Cancellaria venusta Tuomey & Holmes.*

Subgenus TRIGONOSTOMA BLaINvILLeE.

Trigonostoma tenera Philippi.*
Trigonostoma Smithii Dall.*
Trigonostoma Agassizii Dall.*
Trigonostoma? microscopica Dall.*

Genus BENTHOBIA DALL.

Benthobia Tryoni Dall.*

Super-Family RHACHIGLOSSA.
Famity OLIVID.
Genus OLIVA BruGIERE.

Oliva reticularis Lamarck.
Oliva literata Lamarck.

Genus OLIVELLA SwaInson.

Olivella mutica Say.

Olivella fuscocincta Dall.

Olivella jaspidea Gmelin.

Olivella jaspidea var. rotunda Dall.
Olivella bullula Reeve.

Olivella (bullula var. ?) tubulata Dall.

Famity MARGINELLID.
Genus MARGINELLA LAMaARckE.

Marginella apicina Menke.
Marginella Watsoni Dall.
Marginella amabilis Redfield.
Marginella rostrata Redfield.
Marginella cassis Dall.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 13

Marginella hematita Kiener.
Marginella fusina Dall.
Marginella yucatecana Dall.
Marginella opalina Stearns.
Marginella seminula Dall.
Marginella Redfieldii Tryon.
Marginella fusca Sowerby.
Marginella succinea Conrad,
Marginella styria Dall.
Marginella torticula Dall.

Subgenus VOLVARINA H1nps.

Volvarina avena Val.
Volvarina avena var. guttula Reeve.
Volvarina albolineata Orbigny.
Volvarina subtriplicata Orbigny.
Volvarina pallida Donovan.

Subgenus VOLUTELLA Swainson.

Volutella lacrimula Gould.
Volutella hadria Dall.*
Volutella amianta Dall.*

Genus PERSICULA ScHuUMACHER.

Persicula catenata Montagu.

Subgenus GIBBERULA Swainson.

Gibberula minuta Pfr.

Famity VOLUTID.

Genus VOLUTA LInne.

Voluta musica Linné.*
Voluta virescens Solander.*

*

Genus SCAPHELLA Swalrnson (em.).

Scaphella junonia Hwass.

Subgenus AURINIA ApDams.
Aurinia dubia Broderip.
Aurinia robusta Dall.*
Aurinia Gouldiana Dall.*

1£

BULLETIN OF THE

Famity MITRIDZE.

Genus MITRA LAMARCK.

Mitra Swainsoni Broderip.
Mitra fulgurita Reeve.
Mitra straminea A. Adams.
Mitra styria Dall.

Mitra Deshayesii Reeve ?
Mitra Rushii Dall.

Mitra trophonia Dall.
Mitra Bairdii Dall.*

Mitra torticula Dall.

Subgenus CONOMITRA Conran.

Conomitra Blakeana Dall.
Conomitra Blakeana var. levior Dall.

Genus MITROMORPHA Apams.
Mitromorpha biplicata Dall.

Famitry FASCIOLARIIDZE.
SUBFAMILY FUSIN A.

Genus FUSUS Lamarck.

Fusus timessus Dall.*

Fusus eucosmius Dall.

Fusus Couei Petit.*

Fusus distans var. closter Philippi.*
Fusus halistreptus Dall.*
Fusus benthalis Dall.

Fusus amiantus Dall.

Fusus zpynotus Dall.

Fusus alcimus Dall.

Fusus alcimus var. Rushzi Dall.*
Fusus ceramidus Dall.

Fusus amphiurgus Dall.

SUBFAMILY FASCIOLARIIN &.
Genus FASCIOLARIA Lamarck.
Fasciolaria distans Lamarck.

Subgenus MESORHYTIS MEEx.
Mesorhytis Meekiana Dall.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Genus MAZZALINA Conran.

Mazzalina pyrula Conrad.*

Genus LIOCHLAMYS Datu.

Liochlamys bulbosa Heilprin.*

Genus LATIRUS Monrrort.

Latirus cingulifera Lamarck.*

Famity BUCCINIDE.
SuBFraAMILY CHRYSODOMIN Z&.
Genus CHRYSODOMUS Swainson.

Subgenus SIPHO Morcu.

Sipho Rushii Dall.*
Sipho globulus Dall.*

Genus LIOMESUS Stimpson.

Liomesus Stimpsoni Dall.*

SuBFAMILY BUCCININZ.
Genus PISANIA Bivona.

Subgenus TRITONIDEA Swalrnson.
Tritonidea limbata Philippi.*

Genus PHOS Montrort.

Phos unicinctus Say.*

Phos Beaui F. & B.

Phos Candei Orbigny.

Phos parvus C. B. Adams.*
Phos parvus var. intricatus Dall.*

Genus NASSARIA Link.

Subgenus NASSARINA Dat.

Nassarina glypta Bush.*
Wassarina Bushii Dall.
Nassarina columbellata Dall.*
Nassarina Grayi Dall.

15

3ULLETIN OF THE

Famity NASSIDZE.

Genus NASSA LAaMARcK.

Nassa ambigua Montagu.

Nassa consensa Ravenel.

Nassa Hotessieri Orbigny.

Nassa scissurata Dall.

Wassa scissurata var. pernitida Dall.

Famity COLUMBELLIDZE.
Genus COLUMBELLA LAMARCK.

Columbella rusticoides Heilprin.*
Columbella mercatoria Lamarck.

Subgenus EUPLICA Da tt. |

Euplica turturina Duclos.*

Subgenus ANACHIS H. & A. Apams.

Anachis avara Say.*

Anachis avara var. semiplicata Stearns.*
Anachis avara var. translirata Ravenel.*
Anachis avara var. similis Ravenel.*
Anachis catenata Sowerby.

Anachis haliaeti Jeffreys.*

Anachis albella C. B. Adams.*
Anachis albella var. samanensis Dall.*
Anachis pulchella Kiener.*

Anachis obesa ©. B. Adams.

Anachis obesa var. ostreicola Melvill.*
Anachis Hotessieriana Orbigny.*
Anachis amphissella Dall.

Subgenus NITIDELLA Swarnson.

Nitidella nitidula Sowerby.*
Nitidella moleculina Duclos var. dicomata Dall.*

Subgenus ASTYRIS Apams.

Astyris lunata Say.*

Astyris Raveneli Dall.*

Astyris multilineata Dall *

Astyris rosacea Gould.*

Astyris fusiformis Orbigny.*
January 2, 1889.

—<—$—$=

VOL. XVIII.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Astyris diaphana Verrill.

Astyris profundi Dall.

Astyris Verrillii Dall.

Astyris Verrillii var. strix Watson.*
Astyris Saintpairiana Caillet.
Astyris Duclosiana Orbigny.

Subgenus AASOPUS GouLp.

ZZsopus Stearnsii Tryon.*
Zesopus Metcalfei Reeve.*

Famity MURICIDE.

SusBraMILy MURICIN &.

Genus MUREX Linne.

Subgenus MUREX s. 8.

Murex Beaui F. & B.
Murex Cabritii Bernardi.
Murex elegans Beck.
Murex messorius Sowerby.
Murex nodatus Reeve.
Murex Cailleti Petit.

Subgenus CHICOREUS Montrort.
Chicoreus Hidalgoi Crosse.

Subgenus PHYLLONOTUS Swalrnson.

Phyllonotus fulvescens Sowerby.*
Phyllonotus pomum Gmelin.
Phyllonotus interserratus Sowerby.
Phyllonotus Pazi Crosse.
Phyllonotus hystricinus Dall.

Subgenus PTERONOTUS Swalrnson.
Pteronotus macropterus Deshayes.*
Pteronotus phaneus Dall.*

Pteronotus tristichus Dall.

Genus EUPLEURA H. & A. ADAMS.

Eupleura caudata Say.*
Eupleura Stimpsonii Dall.
2

17

BULLETIN OF THE

Genus TROPHON MontTrort.

Subgenus BOREOTROPHON FiscHeEr.
Boreotrophon Dalli Kobelt.*
Boreotrophon (aculeatus Watson var.?) lacunella Dall.
Boreotrophon ? actinophorus Dall.

Subgenus ASPELLA Morcu.

Aspella anceps Lamarck.*

Aspella hastula Reeve.*

Aspella scalarioides Blainville.*

Aspella scalarioides var. obeliscus A. Adams.*
Aspella scalarioides var. pauperculus C. B. Adams.*

Genus OCINEBRA LEAc8H.

Subgenus FAVARTIA FiIscHEr.
Favartia cellulosa Conrad.
Favartia levicula Dall.*
Favartia intermedia C. B. Adams.*

Genus MURICIDEA (Swarnson) Morcu.

Muricidea hexagona Lamarck.

Muricidea floridana Conrad.*

Muricidea multangula Philippi.*

Muricidea Philippiana Dall.* |
Genus UROSALPINX StTIMpPsoNn.

Urosalpinx cinereus Say.*
Urosalpinx tampaensis Conrad.*
Urosalpinx perrugatus Conrad.*
Urosalpinx? carolinensis Verrill.*
Urosalpinx? macra Verrill.*
Genus TYPHIS Monrrort.

Section TYPHIS s.s.

Typhis floridanus Dall.*

Section TRUBATSA Dall.
Typhis longicornis Dall.

SUBFAMILY PURPURIN&. |
- Genus SISTRUM MontTrort.

Subgenus SISTRUM s.s.
Sistrum ferrugineum Reeve var. rubidwm Dall.*

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

QupramMiIty CORALLIOPHILIN &.

Genus CORALLIOPHILA H. & A. Apams.

Coralliophila Deburghiz Reeve.
Coralliophila bracteata Brocchi.*
Coralliophila galea Chemnitz.*
Coralliophila lactuca Dall.

Super-Family TZAZNIOGLOSSA.
Famiry TRITONIIDZE.

Genus DISTORTRIX Linx.

Distortrix reticulata Link.
Distortrix reticulata var. clathrata Bolten.
Distortrix reticulata var. reticulata Link.

Genus GYRINEUM Linx.
Gyrineum affine Broderip.
Gyrineum affine var. cubanianum Orbigny.

Genus TRITONIUM Linx.

Subgenus COLUBRARIA ScHUMACHER.

Colubraria lanceolata Menke.
Colubraria Swiftii Tryon.

Subgenus RANULARIA ScHUMACHER.

Ranularia tuberosa Lamarck.*

Subgenus LAMPUSIA ScHUMACHER.

Lampusia chlorostoma Lamarck.
Lampusia pileare Lamarck.*
Lampusia gracile Reeve.
Lampusia pharcida Dall.

Famity OOCORITIDZ.

Genus OOCORYS Fiscuer.
Section OOCORYS s. s.
Occorys sulcata Fischer.

Section? BENTHODOLIUM Dall.
Odcorys abyssorum (V. & 8.) Dall.*

BULLETIN OF THE

Fawr) a?

Genus DALIUM Dat.
Dalium solidum Dall.

Famity CASSIDID.

Genus CASSIS LAMARCK.
Cassis inflata Shaw.

Genus GALEODEA Ling.
Galeodea Coronadoi Crosse.*

Genus LAMBIDIUM Linx.
Lambidium oniscus Linné.*
Genus ONISCIDIA Swainson.

Oniscidia Dennisoni Reeve.*

Genus SCONSIA Gray.

Sconsia striata Lamarck.*

Famity DOLIID.
Genus DOLIUM Lamarck.

Subgenus EUDOLIUM Datt.

Eudolium Crosseanum Monterosato.
EBudolium Verrillii Dall.*

Famity AMPHIPERASID.

Genus AMPHIPERAS Gronovits.
Subgenus SIMNIA Risso.

Simnia acicularis Lamarck.
Simnia piragua Dall.*
Section NEOSIMNIA Fischer.

Simnia intermedia Sowerby.
Simnia uniplicata Sowerby.
Simnia aureocincta Dall.

Genus PEDICULARIA SwalInson.

Pedicularia decussata Gould.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. ye

Famity CYPRAEIDZE.

Genus CYPRAMA Linne.

Cyprea cinerea Gmelin.

Genus TRIVIA Gray.
Trivia pediculus Linné.*
Trivia suffusa Gray.
Trivia subrostrata Gray.
Trivia nivea Gray.
Trivia candidula Gaskoin.
Trivia globosa Gray.
Trivia quadripunctata Gray var. rotunda Kiener.

Genus ERATO Risso.

Erato Maugeriz Gray.*

Famity TRIFORIDZ.
Genus TRIFORIS DEsHAYEs.

Section TRIFORIS s. s.
Triforis lilacina Dall.*

Section MASTONIA Hinds.

(Subsection A, apex acute.)

Triforis perversa Linné var. nigrocinctum Adams.
Triforis decorata Adams var. olivacea Dall.*

(Subsection B, apex mammillary.)
Triforis turristhome Orbigny.

Section INELLA Bayle.
Triforis longissima Dall.
Triforis triserialis Dall.
Triforis triserialis var. aspera Jeffreys.*
Triforis triserialis var. intermedia Dall.
Triforis sarissa Dall.
Triforis colon Dall.
Triforis Rushii Dall.*

Section SYCHAR Hinds.
Triforis samanz Dall.*
Triforis bigemma Watson.

BULLETIN OF THE

Triforis (bigemma var. ?) hircus Dall.
Triforis abrupta Dall.

Triforis torticula Dall.

Triforis inflata Watson.

Triforis inflata var. ibex Dall.

Triforis inflata var. filata Dall.
Triforis cylindrella Dall.

Famity CERITHIOPSIDZ.

Genus SEILA A. ApaMms.
Seila terebralis C. B. Adams.*

Genus CERITHIOPSIS Forszes & HANLEY.
Section EUMETA Morch.

Cerithiopsis subulata Montagu.

Section CERITHIOPSIS s. s.

Cerithiopsis crystallina Dall.
Cerithiopsis Sigsbeana Dall.
Cerithiopsis matara Dall.
Cerithiopsis Martensii Dall.
Cerithiopsis acontium Dall.

Section METAXIA Monterosato.

Cerithiopsis metaxz Della Chiaje.
Cerithiopsis metaxe var. teniolatu Dall.*
Cerithiopsis abrupta Watson.

Famity CERITHIIDE.

Genus BITTIUM Leacu.
Bittium alternatum Say.

Section DIASTOMA Deshayes.

Bittium varium Pfeiffer.*

Genus ALABA A. ADAMs.

Alaba tervaricosa C. B. Adams.*
Alaba Adamsii Dall.*
Alaba cerithidioides Dall.*

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Famity VERMETIDZE.

Genus SILIQUARIA Lamarck.

Siliquaria squamata Blainville.
Siliquaria modesta Dall.

Genus VERMICULARIA Lamarck.

Vermicularia lumbricalis Linné.
Vermicularia? nigricans Dall.

Genus VERMETUS (Apanson) Morcu.

Section PETALOCONCHUS Lea.
Vermetus erectus Dall.

Genus BIVONIA Gray.
Bivonia? exserta Dall.

Famity TURRITELLIDZ.
Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck.

Section TORCULA Gray.

Turritella exoleta Linné.
Turritella acropora Dall.

Section HAUSTATOR Montfort.
Turritella imbricata Linné.*

Famity MATHILDIIDZ.

Genus MATHILDA Semper.

Mathilda yucatecana Dall.

Mathilda (elegantissima var. ?) barbadense Dall.

Mathilda Rushii Dall.*
Mathilda scitula Dall.*

Subgenus GEGANIA JEFFREYS.
Gegania Jeffreysi Dall.*

Famity SEGUENZIIDE.

Genus SEGUENZIA JEFFREYS.

Seguenzia ionica Watson.
Seguenzia monocingulata Seguenza.

23

BULLETIN OF THE

Famitry TRICHOTROPID2.
Genus TRICHOTROPIS Sowerpy.

Subgenus MESOSTOMA DusHayes. :
Mesostoma migrans Dall.

Genus? DOLOPHANES Gases.

Dolophanes Gabbi Dall.
Dolophanes columbella Dall.

Famity FOSSARIDZ.
Genus FOSSARUS Paitirr1.

Subgenus GOTTOINA A. ApAMs.

Gottoina bella Dall.
Gottoina compacta Dall.

Famitry SOLARIIDZ.

Genus FLUXINA Datu.
Fluxina brunnea Dall.
Fluxina discula Dall.

Genus SOLARIUM Lamarck.
Solarium granulatum Lamarck.
Solarium peracutum Dall.

Solarium Sigsbeei Dall.
Genus OMALAXIS Desuayes.
Omalaxis nobilis Verrill.

Famity? ADEORBIDZ.

Genus SEPARATISTA Gray.
Section HALOCERAS Dall.
Separatista cingulata Verrill.*

Genus ADEORBIS Woop.

Adeorbis supranitidus Wood.
Adeorbis supranitidus var. Orbignyi Fischer.

Subgenus CLATHRELLA Recuvz.
Clathrella naticoides Dall.*

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Famity RISSOIDZE.

Genus RISSOA FREMINVILLE.

Rissoa precipitata Dall.
Rissoa acuticostata Dall.

Genus RISSOINA Orsie@ny.

Rissoina levigata C. B. Adams.
Rissoina albida C. B, Adams.
Rissoina decussata Montagu.*
Rissoina Chesnelii Michaud.

Genus BENTHONELLA DALt.

Benthonella gaza Dall.*
Benthonella Fischeri Dall.*
Benthonella nisonis Dall.*

Famity CALYPTRAIDA.

Genus MITRULARIA ScuHuMAcuHER.
Mitrularia equestris Linné.

Genus CRUCIBULUM Scuumacuer.
Crucibulum auricula Gmelin.
Section DISPOTZZA Say.

Crucibulum striatum Say.

Genus CALYPTREA Lamarck.
Calyptreea Candeana Orbigny.

Genus CREPIDULA LAMaRckK.
Section JANACUS Morch.
Crepidula protea Orbigny.

Section SANDALIUM Schumacher.
Crepidula aculeata Gmelin.

Famity CAPULIDE.
Genus CAPULUS Montrort.

Section KREBSIA Morch.
Capulus intortus Lamarck.

Section HYALORISIA Dall.
Capulus galea Dall.

BULLETIN OF THE

Famity AMALTHEIDE.

Genus AMALTHEA ScuuMacuHeEr.
Amalthea benthophila Dall.

Famity XENOPHORID.

Genus XENOPHORA GQ. FISCHER.

Section XENOPHORA s. s.
Xenophora conchyliophora Born.

Section TUGURIUM P. Fischer.
Xenophora caribza Petit.

Famity NATICID.

Genus NATICA LAMARCK.

Section COCHLIS Morch.
Natica maroccana Dillwyn.*
Natica livida Pfr.

Section NATICA s. s.
Natica canrena Lamarck.*
Natica castrensis Dall.
Natica perlineata Dall.

Subgenus NEVERITA Risso.
Section PAYRAUDEAUTIA B.D. & D.
Neverita nubila Dall.
Subgenus LUNATIA Gray.

Lunatia tenuis Recluz.

Lunatia leptalea Watson.
Lunatia fringilla Dall.

Lunatia fringilla var. perla Dall.

Subgenus POLYNICES Montrort.
Polynices uberina Orbigny.
Genus SIGARETUS Lamarck.
Sigaretus minor Dall.
Subgenus EUNATICINA FIscHER.

Eunaticina carolinensis Dall.*

Genus GYRODES Conrap.
Gyrodes depressa Seguenza.*

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Famiry LAMELLARIIDJZE.

Genus LAMELLARIA Montagu.
Lamellaria Rangii Bergh.*

Super-Family PTENOGLOSSA.
Famity SCALIDE.

Genus SCALA (Humpurey) Avuctorum.

Scala lineata Say.*

Scala Sayana Dall.*

Scala costulata Mighels.*

Scala multistriata Say.*

Scala scipio Dall.*

Scala apiculata Dall.*

Scala modesta C. B. Adams.*
Scala permodesta Dall.*

Scala clathrus Linné.*

Scala babylonia Dall.*

Scala retifera Dall.*

Scala Frielei Dall.*

Scala Rushii Dall.*

Scala Rushii var. stylina Dall.*
Scala sericifila Dall.*

Scala nitidella Dall.*

Scala muscapedia Dall.*

Scala eburnea Potiez & Michaud.*
Scala Dalliana Verrill & Smith.*
Scala Dunkeriana Dall.*

Scala pernobilis Fischer & Bernardi.
Scala belaurita Dall.

Scala centiquadra Morch.

Scala Pourtalesii Verrill & Smith.
Scala Krebsii Morch.

Scala contorquata Dall.

Scala uncinaticosta Orbigny.
Scala polacia Dall.

Scala formosissima Jeffreys.
Scala hellenica Jeffreys.

Scala hellenica var. pwmilio Morch.
Scala hellenica var. sceva Morch.
Scala hellenica var. nodosocarinata Dall.
Scala hellenica var. Leeana Verrill.

27

28

BULLETIN OF THE

Scala hellenica var. Morchiana Dall.
Scala hellenica var. bicarinata Sowerby.
Scala aurifila Dall.

Scala concava Dall.

Scala discobolaria Dall.

Genus ACLIS Loven.

Aclis lata Dall.
Aclis egregia Dall.
Aclis nucleata Dall.

Super-Family GYMNOGLOSSA.
Famity EULIMID-.
Genus EULIMA Risso.

Section EULIMA sg. s.
Eulima intermedia Cantraine.
Eulima jamaicensis C. B. Adams.

Section MELANELLA Bownpica.

EBulima arcuata C. B. Adams.
Eulima elongata Dautzenberg.

Subgenus LEIOSTRACA H. & A. Apams.

Leiostraca acuta Sowerby.
Leiostraca fusus Dall.

Genus NISO Risso.

Niso splendidula Sowerby.*

Niso interrupta Sowerby.*

Niso interrupta var. albida Dall.
Niso interrupta var. tricolor Dall.
Niso interrupta var. wgleés Bush.*
Niso interrupta var. circinata Dall.
Niso Willcoxiana Dall.*

Famiry PYRAMIDELLIDE.

Genus PYRAMIDELLA Lamarck.

Section LONCH/ZEUS Morcu.
Pyramidella crenulata Holmes.*
Pyramidella candida Morch.
Pyramidella auricoma Dall.*

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 29
Section PHARCIDELLA Datu.
Pyramidella Folinii Dall.
Section TIBERIA Jerrreys.
Pyramidella nitidula A. Adams.
Section PYRAMIDELLA sg. s.

Pyramidella dolabrata Linné.

Genus TURBONILLA Risso.

Turbonilla belotheca Dall.

Turbonilla flavocincta C. B. Adams.

Turbonilla interrupta Totten var. fulvocincta Jeffreys.
Turbonilla curta Dall.

Turbonilla pusilla C. B. Adams.

Subgenus EULIMELLA Forsss.

Eulimella unifasciata Forbes.

Section STYLOPSIS A. Apams.
Eulimella resticula Dall.*

Subgenus CARELIOPSIS Moércg.

Careliopsis styliformis Morch.*

Genus SYRNOLA A. Apams.

Subgenus OSCILLA A. Apams.
Oscilla nivea Morch.*

?Genus PERISTICHIA Datt.

Peristichia toreta Dall.*
Peristichia agria Dall.*

Order SCUTIBRANCHIATA.
Sub-Order RHIPHIDOGLOSSA.
Super-Family SCHISMATOBRANCHIA.

Famity SCUTELLINID.

Genus SCUTELLINA Gray.
Scutellina antillarum Shuttleworth.*

30

BULLETIN OF THE

Famity ADDISONIID/&.

Genus ADDISONIA DA t.
Addisonia lateralis Requien var. paradoxa Dall.*

Famity COCCULINIDA.

Genus COCCULINA Dat.

Section COCCULINA Datu s. s.

Cocculina Rathbuni Dall.
Cocculina Beanii Dall.

Section COCCOPYGIA Dati.
Cocculina spinigera Jeffreys.*

Famity PHASIANELLID.
Genus PHASIANELLA Lamarck.

Section EUCOSMIA Carpenter.
Phasianella brevis Orbigny.

Famity TURBINIDZ. | |

Genus LEPTOTHYRA CaRPENTER.

Leptothyra induta Watson.
Leptothyra induta var. tincta Dall.
Leptothyra induta var. insculpta Dall.
Leptothyra induta var. albida Dall.
Leptothyra Philipiana Dall.
Leptothyra Linnei Dall.

Leptothyra Linnei var. limata Dall.

Famity TROCHIDE.

Genus GAZA WarTson.

Gaza superba Dall.
Gaza Fischeri Dall.

Subgenus CALLOGAZA Dat.
Callogaza Watsoni Dall.

Subgenus MICROGAZA Da tt.
Microgaza rotella Dall.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Genus UMBONIUM Linx.
Umbonium Bairdii Dall.

Genus TEINOSTOMA ApamMs.

Subgenus ETHALIA H. & A, ApAms.

Ethalia reclusa Dall.
Ethalia suppressa Dall.*
Ethalia solida Dall.

Subgenus DILLWYNELLA DAL.
Dillwynella modesta Dall.

? Subgenus COCHLIOLEPIS Stimpson,

Cochliolepis parasitica Stimpson.*
Cochliolepis striata Dall.*

Genus CALLIOSTOMA Swainson.

Section CALLIOSTOMA s. s.
Calliostoma euglyptum Adams.
Calliostoma Bairdii Verrill & Smith.
Calliostoma Bairdii var. Psyche Dall.
Calliostoma circumcinctum Dall.
Calliostoma echinatum Dall.
Calliostoma sapidum Dall.
Calliostoma tiara Watson.
Calliostoma corbis Dall.
Calliostoma roseolum Dall.
Calliostoma apicinum Dall.
Calliostoma aurora Dall.
Calliostoma orion Dall.

Section EUCASTA Datt.
Calliostoma indiana Dall.

Section EUTROCHUS A. Apams.

Calliostoma jujubinum Gmelin.

Calliostoma jujubinum var. tampaénsis Conrad.
Calliostoma jujubinum var. Rawsont Dall.*
Calliostoma yucatecanum Dall.

Calliostoma Sayanum Dall.*

Calliostoma Benedicti Dall.*

Calliostoma cinctellum Dall.

Calliostoma asperrimum Dall.

Calliostoma asperrimum var. dentiferum Dall.
Calliostoma asperrimum var. serifilatum Dall.

31

32

BULLETIN OF THE

Genus MARGARITA LEAc8.
Section MARGARITA sg. s.
Margarita erythrocoma Dall.
Margarita erythrocoma var. swmane Dall.*
Section TT'URCICULA DAL.
Margarita imperialis Dall.

Section BATHYMOPHILA Datt.
Margarita euspira Dall.

Subgenus SOLARIELLA A. ADAMS.
Solariella amabilis Jeffreys.
Solariella lamellosa Verrill & Smith.
Solariella scabriuscula Dall.
Solariella zgleis Watson.

Solariella zgleis var. lata Dall.
Solariella zgleis var. rhina Watson.
Solariella zgleis var. clavata Watson.
Solariella infundibulum Watson.
Solariella Ottoi Philippi.

Solariella lissocona Dall.

Solariella lacunella Dall.

Solariella lacunella var. depressa Dall.
Solariella iris Dall.

Solariella lubrica Dall.

Solariella lubrica var. iridea Dall.*

Genus EUCHELUS PHILIPPI.
Euchelus guttarosea Dall.

Genus BASILISSA Watson.

Section BASILISSA s. s.

Basilissa alta Watson.
Basilissa alta var. delicatula Dall.

2 Section ANCISTROBASIS Da tt.
Basilissa costulata Watson.

Famity DELPHINULID.

Genus LIOTIA Gray.

Section ARENE H. & A. Apams.

Liotia Briareus Dall.
Liotia Briareus var. perforata Dall.

January 6, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Liotia Briareus var. aspina Dall.
Liotia Bairdii Dall.

Liotia Bairdii var. trullata Dall.
Liotia tricarinata Stearns.
Liotia miniata Dall.

Liotia variabilis Dall.

Subgenus LIPPISTES Monrrort.

Lippistes acrilla Dall.*
Lippistes amabilis Dall.

Famity CYCLOSTREMATIDZ.

Genus VITRINELLA C. B. Apams.

Vitrinella Holmesii Dall.*
Vitrinella multicarinata Dall.*

Genus CYCLOSTREMA Marryat.

Cyclostrema turbinum Dall.
Cyclostrema pompholyx Dall.
Cyclostrema cistronium Dall.*
Cyclostrema granulum Dall.*

Section GRANIGYRA Da tt.
Cyclostrema limatum Dall.

Super-Family DICRANOBRANCHIA.
Famity HALIOTID.

Genus HALIOTIS Linne.
Haliotis Pourtalesii Dall.

Famity SCISSURELLIDA.
Genus SCISSURELLA Onrsreny.

Section SCHIZOTROCHUS MonteErosatTo.
Scissurella crispata Fleming.*

Section SCISSURELLA s. s.

Scissurella alta Watson.
VOL. XVIII. 3

eo
Co

34

BULLETIN OF THE

Famiry PLEUROTOMARIID.AE.
Genus PLEUROTOMARIA J. SowERBY.

Section PEROTROCHUS FiscuHer.
Pleurotomaria Quoyana Fischer & Bernardi.

Section ENTEMNOTROCHUS Fiscuer.
Pleurotomaria Adansoniana Crosse & Fischer.

Famity FISSURELLIDA.
Genus PUNCTURELLA LoweE.

Subgenus PUNCTURELLA 5. 8.

Puncturella circularis Dall.
Puncturella trifolium Dall.
Puncturella Watsoni Dall.

Subgenus FISSURISEPTA SEGUENZA.

Fissurisepta triangulata Dall.*

Subgenus CRANOPSIS A. ADAMS.

Cranopsis asturiana Fischer.
Cranopsis? erecta Dall.*

Genus EMARGINULA LaMARCE.
Subgenus RIMULA DEFRANCE.
Rimula frenulata Dall.*

Subgenus EMARGINULA s. 8.

Emarginula cancellata Philippi.
Emarginula compressa Cantraine.

Subgenus SUBEMARGINULA BLAINvILLE.

Subemarginula octoradiata Gmelin.

Genus FISSURELLA BrucGIERE.
Section CREMIDES H. & A. Apams.
Fissurella alternata Say.

Subgenus GLYPHIS Carpenter.
Glyphis fluviana Dall.

Genus FISSURELLIDEA Opzpstenry.
Fissurellidea limatula Reeve.

TE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 35

Suborder DOCOGLOSSA.
Super-Family PROTEOBRANCHIA.
Famity ACM AIDE.

Genus PECTINODONTA DALL.
Pectinodonta arcuata Dall.

Super-Family ABRANCHIA.

FAMILY ?

Genus PROPILIDIUM Forses & Han ey.
Propilidium ancyloide Forbes & Hanley.*

Genus LEPETELLA VERRILL.
Lepetella tubicola Verrill.*

Susctass ISOPLEURA.
SuPER-ORDER POLYCONCH Ai.

Order POLYPLACOPHORA.

Suborder CHITONACEHA.
Super-Family HOCHITONIA.

Famity LEPTOCHITONID,

Genus LEPTOCHITON Gray.
Leptochiton pergranatus Dall.

Genus HANLEYIA Gray.
Hanleyia tropicalis Dall.

Famity ISCHNOCHITONIDZ.
Genus ISCHNOCHITON (Gray) CARPENTER.

Section STENOPLAX CarpeEntTER.
Ischnochiton limaciformis Sowerby,

BULLETIN OF THE

Super-Family OPSICHITONIA.
Famity MOPALITDZE.

Genus NOTOPLAX H. Apams.
Notoplax floridanus Dall.

Crass SCAPHOPODA.
Order SOLENOCONCHA.
Famity DENTALIID.

Genus DENTALIUM LInNneE.

Dentalium agile M. Sars.
Dentalium perlongum Dall.
Dentalium filum Sowerby.*
Dentalium callipeplum Dall.
Dentalium matara Dall.*
Dentalium leptum Bush.*
Dentalium antillarum Orbigny.
Dentalium calamus Dall.*
Dentalium taphrium Dall.*
Dentalium candidum Jeffreys.*
Dentalium sericatum Dall.
Dentalium carduus Dall.
Dentalium disparile Orbigny.
Dentalium ceratum Dall.
Dentalium Gouldii Dall.
Dentalium ceras Watson.
Dentalium capillosum Jeffreys.
Dentalium laqueatum Verrill.
Dentalium compressum Watson.
Dentalium ophiodon Dall.
Dentalium callithrix Dall.
Dentalium ensiculus Jeffreys.

Genus CADULUS PHILIPPI.

Cadulus quadridentatus Dall.
Cadulus zqualis Dall.
Cadulus spectabilis Verrill.
Cadulus Watsoni Dall.
Cadulus poculum Dall.
Cadulus Jeffreysi Monterosato.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 37

Cadulus carolinensis Bush.
Cadulus Bushii Dall.
Cadulus Agassizii Dall.
Cadulus lunula Dall.
Cadulus obesus Watson,
Cadulus amiantus Dall.
Cadulus cucurbita Dall.
Cadulus acus Dall.*
Cadulus minusculus Dall.*

This list contains about four hundred and seventy species and varieties col-
lected by the “ Blake,” to which may be added those enumerated in Part I,
making a total of about seven hundred species, with which, in both papers,
between two and three hundred related forms are compared or differentiated,
making a total of nearly one thousand species, more or less fully discussed in
this Report. Of those in Part I, eighty-one species, seven varieties, and twelve
groups of higher value were regarded as new. In the present paper three
hundred and eighty-five species and varieties, and thirty higher divisions, are
treated as new, making a total for this Report of four hundred and seventy-
three species and varieties, and forty-two genera, subgenera, or sections dis-
criminated for the first time among the Brachiopods, Pelecypods, Gastropods,
and Scaphopods collected by the Blake, or illustrating. the fauna investigated
in the work of the Blake. In addition to these, there are about twenty species
of Nudibranchs in the hands of Dr. R. Bergh, of Copenhagen, to be reported
upon ; the Pteropods and other floating pelagic forms have not been studied,
while the report by Professor Verrill on the Cephalopods has been some time
published, and includes some ten or twelve species.

The magnitude of this contribution to our knowledge of the Mollusks of the
region, due to the exertions of Professor Agassiz, Pourtalés, Sigsbee, Bartlett,
and their co-workers, is very evident. But the writer may fairly add that the
value of the work consists not merely in having added nearly five hundred new
forms to the known fauna, and materially enlarging our list of genera ; but,
to an equal or greater extent, in the knowledge gained of the organization and
structure of some of the most interesting Mollusks known. There is in this
Report material enough to reward the attention of naturalists, both of the
systematic and the purely morphologic schools, to whose appreciative and
impartial criticism it is respectfully offered by the writer.

¥ vi
A stag. S x d .
ah ad Via wy ‘i ay
ry )
‘ '
;
:
,
'
hs
'
“ ’
’ + Li
,
Rah
rm
f
a n
A a he, Ce n
. ed > » 7
| ae oie
i («oem WET AD
» 7
g * we.’ ¥ i.
PP
' | chit
j
i - ‘
¥
¥
f
F
' j ‘ - i.
a ' *% , & ‘io ; ;
** == oh ~
‘
’ Lia
‘a4
i ' ~
bol J oH
. ;
ne eh £4 St oire A
} *
7 { ; F 3
s | an | +e te. 7 '
fi $ i ‘ sth
Liss A é 1s.
ue a / * 4
. £ - {
7s F
fi :
“
L~ i a ae
fi q
ye ‘ .
:
“
4 H . i
Beh
:

: nM - * ¢ ®
we ap pf rte ae re) Rarer el ig

suas

‘ } iy iy
¢ are eg es r
PS DU we
ry i, Z ~; 7
or” were fae ie Ol!
: MY a asi* ee
4% : tilt, vats i. oy i
i aie ‘a@ es ed : }
i ba) he vd ea s
:, j . er yay ) Q
. ; 7 a!
PP MRDere Re A ak buf) bi enna Osieal
| | :
traaye’ aye) (ee etal ida
.
a,
/ j hevadl
Ly 1 do ar ee cea
fe Tan re aa z ee re |
,
J, 1 Ye i of
oar a y . gt b
)

Crass GASTROPODA.
Susctass ANISOPLEURA.

Order OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.

Suborder TECTIBRANCHIATA,

Famity ACTZJZONIDE.
Genus ACTZZON MontTrort.
Subgenus ACTAON s. s.

Shells rather thin, with a single plait on the columella, which passes
continuously into the anterior margin of the peristome. Type A. tornatilis
Linné.

Actzon exilis Jerrreys.

Acteon exilis Jeffreys, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., VI. p. 85, 1870. Watson,
Chall. Rep. Gastr., p. 624, 1886.

Auriculina insculpta Verr., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III. p. 381, 1880.

Acteon nitidus Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 540, pl. viii. fig. 21, July, 1882.

? Acteon exilis Seguenza, Form. Terz. Calabria, p. 251.

Habitat. Off east coast of Florida, 150-200 fms., Dr. Rush ; Campeche
Bank, Gulf of Mexico, in 200 fms., Dr. Rush ; off Martha’s Vineyard in 312-
487 fms., U. S. Fish Commission ; North Atlantic, Jeffreys, 227-1456 fms.

The Calabrian fossils in the Jeffreys collection seem to be more inflated
anteriorly than the recent shells.

Actzeon pusillus (Forses) Jerrreys.

Tornatella pusilla Forbes, /Egean Rep., p. 191, 1848.
Acteon pusillus Jeffreys, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., VI. p. 84, 1870. Watson,
Chall. Gastr., p. 627, 1886.

Habitat. Off Havana, Sigsbee, in 450 fms. Off Sand Key at Station 9, in
111 fms., bottom temperature 55°.5 F.

The description of Forbes is too vague, and being without a figure the spe-
cies may be regarded as rehabilitated by Jeffreys. The latter considers it

40 BULLETIN OF THE

identical with the A. depressus of Libassi, which is unknown to me, and with
the A. noe J. Sowerby, from the Red Crag of Britain, an opinion which I
cannot confirm after careful comparison of specimens. The A. noe is a very
ponderous and much larger species, with a much more prominent and hori-
zontal fold on the columella, as well as a thickened and striated outer lip.

Actzon punctostriatus Apams.

Tornatella punctostriata C. B. Adams, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., III. p. 323, pl. iii.
fig. ‘9, 1840. Gould, Inv. Mass., p. 245, fig. 188, 1841.

Acteon punctostriatus Stimpson, Shells of New England, p. 51, 1851.

Acteon cubensis Gabb, Top. Geol. San. Domingo, p. 245, 1873. Morch, Malak.
Blatt., XXII. p. 170, 1875.

Tornatella punctata Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, I. p. 280, pl. xvii. figs. 10-12, 1842. (Not
of Lea or Piétte.)

Habitat. Buzzard’s Bay, Mass., to Florida, Cuba, and Santo Domingo, in
2-63 fms. Pliocene of Florida. Orbigny’s name is preoccupied by Lea for a
fossil species (1833), but there is practically no doubt that his shell and
Adams’s are identical. They vary from pure white to trifasciate with rose or
livid brown, usually faint and nebulous. The height of the spire, elevation of
the nucleus, and extent of shell covered by the punctate lines, vary in the
different specimens. Usually the spire is rather elevated, the nucleus some-
what depressed, and the punctate grooves cover about half of the last whorl.
There may be one or several subsutural lines, the middle of the whorl is gen-
erally smooth and free from lines, and the anterior part crowded. The
northern ones are variegated like those from the Antilles, but the latter are
more frequently bright colored. The very young, like those figured by
Adams and Orbigny, are usually white or translucent. The colors, when
banded, are nearly always rather nebulous, and the number of bands never
exceeds three, the anterior one most often absent. The shell is always thin,
and often nearly translucent. Actwon turritus Watson (Chall. Gastr., p. 628,
pl. xlvii. fig. 1) should be compared with this species, though the figures
are not very similar; the locality, Culebra Island, W. I., is suspicious.

Actzon Cumingii A. Apams.

Acteon Cumingit A. Adams, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 58. Morch, Malak. Blatt., XXII. p.
169, 1875.

Tornatella Cumingii Reeve, Conch. Icon. Tornatella, fig. 12, 1865.

Tornatella textilis Guppy, Geol. Mag., 1874, p. 407, pl. xvi. fig. 4.

Habitat. Rio Janeiro, Capt. Martin; Porto Rico, Krebs; five miles off
Cape Florida in eight fathoms, Dr. Rush.

This differs from A. delicatus by its stumpier form, coarser and ruder sub-
cancellate striation, more prominent fold on the columella, and particularly by

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 41

its nucleus which, though small, is swollen and set on the peak of a very acute
spire like a swollen terminal bud on a twig. In delicatus the nucleus, instead
of appearing larger, is considerably smaller than the whorl in front of it, in
which it is also partially immersed.

Actzeon delicatus n. s.
Plate XVII. Fig. 5.
Acton fasciatus ? Dall, Bulletin M. C. Z., IX. p. 94, 1881, not of Lamarck.

Shell ovate, white, or suffused with rose pink, not in bands but generally, or
in longitudinal flammules, with usually a white margin in front of the suture ;
there are six or seven whorls, the last more than half the length of the shell,
regularly rounded and grooved by, on the last whorl, 20-30 strong, rather
deep, coarsely punctate grooves between rounded interspaces ; lines of growth
quite perceptible, suture somewhat appressed, not channelled ; aperture more
than half as long as the shell; outer lip thin, inner lip hardly callous, colu-
mella straight, without any chink behind it, and bearing a single moderate fold.
Nucleus small, mostly immersed in the succeeding whorl, apex not acute,
surface usually not polished but a little less coarsely sculptured than that of
A. Cumingii Adams. Lon. of the largest specimen, 10.0; max. lat. 5.6;
lon. of aperture, 6.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 19, 310 fms. ; by Sigsbee, Station 50 (Lat. 26° 31’ and Lon.
85° 53’ W.), in 119 fms.; Station 290, off Barbados, in 73 fms., coral, bottom
temperature 70°.75 F.; and Station 100, off Morro Light, Havana, in 250-
400 fms.

The difference between the nucleus of this species and that of A. Cumingit
is noted under the latter species. It is just possible that it is to the present
species that is to be referred the single specimen obtained by Gabb, and which
he referred to 4. tornatilis. The latter is not known from this region.

Actzon melampoides Datt.
Plate XVII. Fig. 2.

Acteon melampoides Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 95, 1881.
% Acteon hebes Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 428, pl. xliv. fig. 15, 1885.

Habitat. Station 19, 310 fms., off Bahia Honda, Cuba, bottom temperature
52°.5 F. Station 2224 of the U.S. Fish Commission, in 2574 fms., off the east
coast of the United States (Verrill).

I have not seen the typical specimen of A. hebes, but the figure and description
agree so closely with A. melampoides that I have little doubt of their identity.

Only one specimen was obtained by the Blake.

Among Antillean shells I have seen nothing which I could identify with the
A. splendidulus of Moérch from St. Thomas, or the biplicate Cuban A. ovulum
Pfr. The last is only 1.6 mm. long, and may be an immature Marginella.

42 BULLETIN OF THE

Actzon perforatus Dat.
Plate XVIII. Fig. 3.
Acteon perforatus Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., LX. p. 96, 1881.

Habitat. Station 2, 805 fms.

Only one specimen of this species has been received. It differs from A.
exiguus Dkr. of the same region in its very much shorter spire and globular
proportions, in its obsolete columellar fold, and the strength and uniformity
of its punctate sulci.

Actzon Danaida Da tt.
Plate XVII. Fig. 12.

Acteon Danaida Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., 1X. p. 96, 1881.

Habitat. Station 43, 339 fms., off Tortugas, bottom temperature 45°.0 F.
Only one specimen and a fragment weré obtained.

Actzon incisus DA tt.

Plate XVII. Figs. 1, 1 b.

Acteon incisus Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 95, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, off Cape San Antonio, 640 fms.

In this, as in the preceding deep-water species, the fold or ridge on the colu-
mella is faint, though not entirely absent, and is best seen from the side; in
fact, it is almost invisible in all, except A. melampovdes, from in front as the fig-
ures on Plate XVII. are viewed. The columella in these figures, however, is
drawn as straighter and broader than it really appears; but in these particu-
lars: it is very difficult to get a draughtsman who knows nothing of shells to
catch the characteristic curves in every instance.

Genus OVULACTZZON Datu.

Shell cypreiform, involute; with an apical perforation, as in Bulla; colu-
mella simple, without plaits ; margin of the aperture continuous, simple, thick-
ened, the callus on the body elevated, parallel with the outer lip; aperture
narrow, almost linear, slightly effuse at the extremities, as long as the shell.
Type O. Meekw Dall.

This interesting form resembles an involute Globiconcha * with perforate apex
and thickened aperture, or a rounded Actwonella without plaits. In the un-
plicate series of the Actwonide it holds a place analogous to that of Cyprewacteon
White among the plicate forms.

* The G. ovula Orbigny, which I have not seen, but which has been referred to
as an immature Cyprea, may perhaps belong here.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 43

Ovulactzeon Meekii n. s.

Plate XXXIII. Figs. 3, 4.

Shell with the outline of a small Cyprea like C. edentula, widest in its pos-
terior third, white, polished with fine, distinct, impressed incremental lines,
and the faintest trace of spiral linear markings; a depressed line or sulcus
indicates a previous resting stage half a whorl behind the present thickened
aperture in the older specimen; in the younger, the varical sulcus is three
quarters of a whorl behind the aperture. The apex in the older shell is per-
forate, the whorl rounding over to the perforation, and the spire invisible; in
the younger specimen the perforation is proportionally wider, and about half
a turn can be seen. The lines of growth become stronger and more regularly
grooved as they pass over the summit into the pit. The aperture is very
narrow, curved with the profile of the shell, and extending beyond the sum-
mit. Unlike Cyprea, the thickening of the outer lip is altogether internal,
simple, and smooth; the callus opposite is narrow, with a sharply defined
abrupt outer margin, and the inner margin raised sharply up parallel with the
outer lip, with which it is continuous at the extremities; the flat part of the
callus is widest anteriorly, polished but not smooth, but the raised edge is
without teeth or transverse striation of any sort. The extremities of the aper-
ture are elevated to follow the profile of the body of the shell. Lon. of largest
specimen, 5.5; max. lat. 3.0 mm.

Habitat. Off Havana, Sigsbee, in 450 fms. West of North Bemini, Baha-
mas, in 200 fms., sand, Dr, Rush (U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 61228).

This extremely interesting shell is well shown by the figure. There can be
little question as to its probable relations. The characters of the aperture are
essentially different from anything among the Cypreide, and it has not the
polished lacquer which species of that family owe to the expanded mantle-
margin. Only one specimen was obtained at either locality.

Famity RINGICULID.
Genus RINGICULA DesnayEs.
Section RINGICULINA MontTsErosatTo.
Ringicula nitida Verritt.

Ringicula nitida Verrill, Am. Journ. Sci. 8d series, Vol. V. p. 16, Jan., 1873.
(Extra copies sent out Dec. 18, 1872.) Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 97, 1881.

Ringicula leptocheila Brugnone, Misc. Malac., p. 18, fig. 11, 1878. Agassiz, Three
Cruises of the Blake, II. p. 70, fig. 291, 1888.

? Ringicula peracuta Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XVII. p. 292, 1888. Chall. Gastr.,
p. 636, pl. xlvii. fig. 11, 1886.

Habitat. Fossil, Pliocene of Italy, Brugnone, and recent in the Mediterra-
nean. Bed of the Gulf Stream, Pourtales, in 447 fms. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

44 BULLETIN OF THE

Station 43, off Tortugas, in 339 fms., bottom temperature 45°.0 F. Station 211,
off Martinique, in 357 fms., sand. Station 264, off Grenada, in 416 fms., gray
ooze, bottom temperature 42°.5 F. Atlantic sea-bed, Jeffreys. Off Bermuda,
Culebra Island, West Indies, and Pernambuco, in 350 to 1075 fms., mud and
ooze, bottom temperature 38°.2 F., Challenger Expedition.

I have satisfied myself by a comparison of authentic specimens that the
species of Verrill and Brugnone are the same, the former name having pri-
ority. The locality, description, and figure of R. peracuta agree well with
some varieties of R. nitida, with which it does not seem to have been com-
pared. The elevation and the extent of the spiral grooving differ in different
individuals, as observed with species of Acteon.

Although fossil in the Italian Pliocene, this species has not yet been recorded
from the so-called Pliocene of America.

The other species of this interesting group from this region are the recent
Ringicula semastriata Orb., R. tridentata Guppy from the Miocene of Jamaica,
and two forms from the Florida Pliocene. J. tridentata resembles R. semistri-
ata, but wants the striations. The larger Florida species (R. floridana n. s.) is
about 1.5 mm. wide and 2.5 mm. long, with five whorls. Its aperture is like
that of R. semistriata, but the whole shell is covered with strong spiral grooving
with rounded interspaces. There are 12-14 grooves on the last whorl. The
Miocene tridentata is smooth and widest; the Pliocene floridana is narrower,
and wholly striate; the recent semistriata is intermediate in width and half
striate. The other form from the Caloosahatchie Pliocene is like R. floridana,
except that it has a larger nucleus, four whorls, and is about 1.6 mm. long and
1.0 mm. wide. It may be a dwarf race of the other, and for the present will
be referred to as R. floridana var. Guppy.

Famity TORNATINIDA.

Genus TORNATINA A. Apams.

This group is credited by Fischer with three subgenera beside the typical one,
for the first of which he adopts Utriculus Brown (non Schumacher) for species
with an elevated spire, an unchannelled suture, and no plication on the col-
umella; for the second, Coleophysis Fischer, with a truncate and concave apex,
the shell attenuated behind with the columella plicate ; lastly, Sao H. & A.
Adams, with the shell pyriform, greatly dilated in front, and the columella
simple.

It is not clear to my mind that it would not be better to follow Adams in
his original arrangement of the genus, and separate Utriculus, Brown, alto-
gether from Tornatina, thus associating with the latter all the Tornatinide
with a plicate columella, and with the former all those with a simple columella.
Thus, for the region under consideration we should have the species arranged
as follows : —

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 45

Genus TORNATINA A. Apams.

Spire elevated. Columella uniplicate.
T. bullata Kiener (= canaliculata Orb. non Say).
T. recta Orb. (+ T. coiv-lacryma Guppy, Geol. Mag. 1867, p. 500).
T. canaliculata Say (non Orbigny).
T. Candet Orb. (? = canaliculata Say, var.).
T. spatha Watson.

Subgenus COLEOPHYSIS FiscHer.

Spire depressed. Columella uniplicate.
C. perplicatus Dall.

Subgenus CYLICHNELLA Gass.

Spire depressed. Columella biplicate.

C. bidentata Orb. (+ biplicata Lea).

C. oryza Totten.

0. ovum-lacertt Guppy (Trinidad Eocene).

Genus UTRICULUS.

Spire elevated or involute ; shell subcylindrical ; columella simple, uni-
plicate.

U. Gould Couthouy.

U. pertenuis Mighels.

U. Mayor Dall.

U. Frielet Dall.

U. vortex Dall.

U. (vortex var. ?) domitus Dall.

"U. pervius Dall.

Subgenus RETUSA (Brown) Moron.

Shell pyriform, transversely sulcate, spire depressed, concave.
R. suleata Orbigny.

R. celata Bush.

R. omphalis Morch.

h.? ovata Jeffreys.

Subgenus COLEOPHYSIS Fiscuer.
Coleophysis perplicatus Datt.

Shell ivory white with a very thin translucent epidermis, marked only with
delicate lines of growth and a few faint incised spirals near the columella;
anterior half of the shell wide and rounded, posterior half narrowing toward
the apex with the sides somewhat compressed or flattened; outer lip thin,
straight except in front where it expands a little before rounding to the rather
thick twisted pillar; behind deeply notched and behind the notch arching

46 BULLETIN OF THE

over and turning forward to meet a carina which revolves about the apex;
apex truncate, carinated by a line which forms the outer boundary of the path
of the notch, within vorticiform, about one and a half whorls visible around
the central perforation and descending into it; body with hardly any wash
of callus; pillar strong, with a large horizontal fold and a minute chink behind .
it; aperture as long as the shell, straight and narrow behind, wide and some-
what oblique in front; max. lon. of shell, 5.0; max. lat. 3.0; lat. of apex,
1.75 mm.

Habitat. Station 20, off Bahia Honda, Cuba, in 220 fms., bottom tempera-
ture 62°.0. Barbados, 100 fms.

It is difficult, or rather impossible, to determine the generic place of these
small Tectibranchs without a knowledge of the soft parts. They are referable
to Coleophysis, Cylichna, or Diaphana, or even Sao, at the option of the de-
scriber, guided only by the characters of the shell. The presence of the plait
would indicate the first-mentioned section for the present species. It is per-
haps nearest in general form to the Cylichna ovata of Jeffreys, or Diaphana
gemma, of Verrill, which has no plait and is much more attenuated behind.

Subgenus CYLICHNELLA Gass.

Cylichnella bidentata Orsieny.

Bulla bidentata Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, I. p. 125, pl. iv. figs. 13-16, 1841.

Bulla biplicata Lea, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I. p. 204, 1844; Journ. Nat. Hist.,
V. p. 286, pl. xxvi. fig. 2, 1847.

Utriculus biplicatus Tryon, Am. Mar. Conch., p. 104, pl. xiii. fig. 218, 1873.

Cylichnella bidentata Gabb, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 273, pl. x. fig. 2, 1872.
Geol. San. Domingo, p. 246, 1873. Morch, Malak. Blatt., XXII. p. 171, 1875.

Cylichna biplicata Bush, Hatteras Moll., Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 467, pl. xlv.

fig. 14, 1885.

Habitat. From Hatteras to Santo Domingo in 7-168 fms., and from Florida
to Texas near low-water mark. Barbados, 100 fms.

Miss Bush may have been right in referring this to Cylichna, which it much
resembles, but I cannot help thinking it should be placed in this family.
Cylichna oryza Totten belongs in the same subgenus, but is more inflated and
larger. This is not the Cylichna biplicata Adams described in 1850 from the
Chinese Seas. :

Genus UTRICULUS (Brown) Apams.

Utriculus Mayoi Da tt.

Shell solid, white, with a yellowish polished epidermis and well marked
lines of growth, spiral strie very faint and few, or none; whorls 34-4, spire
distinct, little elevated, nucleus small, rounded, not prominent ; aperture

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 47

long, rather wide and straight, the posterior commissure rounded, the anterior
wide, the margin spirally curved showing the axis (though this is not per-
vious); umbilical chink none, pillar broad, white, oblique without any trace
of a plication; outer lip thin, arched forward in the middle; suture very deep;
inner lip with a wash of callus. Lon. of shell, 8.3; of aperture, 7.0 ; max.
lat. 4.6 mm.

Habitat. Fish stomach, at Portland, Maine, from which it was collected
by Mr. Mayo and sent to Dr. Jeffreys. This shell recalls Bulla turrita Moller
(Adams, Thesaurus Conch., pl. exxi. fig. 28, but is much larger, with propor-
tionately shorter spire, straighter sides, and more width anteriorly).

Utriculus ? Frielei Datt.
Plate XVII. fig. 4.
Utriculus ? Frielei Dall, Bulletin M. C. Z., IX. p. 101, 1881.

Habitat. Off Cape San Antonio, Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

Utriculus leucus Watson seems to approach this species as nearly as any
known form, but has sundry distinctive characters. There is no doubt, how-
ever, that there are differences of form and development of the tip of the spire,
in these enrolled forms, in adult individuals, as well as during the stages of
one individual. It will not do, therefore, to draw the specific lines too taut on
this sort of character.

Utriculus ? vortex Da tt.
Plate XVII. fig. 3.

Utriculus ? vortex Dall, Bulletin M. C. Z., TX. p. 100, 1881.
Cylichna Dalli Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 542, 1882; VI. p. 274, pl. xxix.
fig. 15, 1884.

Habitat. Station 43, 339 fms.; Station 44, 539 fms.

This species differs remarkably from the form about to be described. With
the material I have to study, I am obliged to separate them. But in the few
specimens I have seen there is a good deal of variability indicated.

Cylichna Dalli, I am sorry to say, agrees perfectly with U.? vortex and I feel
there are no grounds upon which I could attempt a rescue of its specific valid-
ity. I have compared authentic specimens.

Utriculus (vortex var.?) domitus n. s.
Plate XVII. Fig. 8.

Shell solid, yellowish white, short, broad and squarely truncate in front
with a rather blunt mammiform spire exhibiting about three turns; surface
transversely marked with faint lines of growth, and near the suture with fine
well-marked wrinkles as if too large for the spire around which the posterior

48 BULLETIN OF THE

fourth of the whorl is closely wound and very strongly appressed, giving the
posterior edge of the last whorl especially a bevelled appearance; spiral sculp-
ture, extremely fine grooves, not puncticulate, strong on the posterior aspect,
obsolete on the body (which appears polished), and, except in the young, on
the anterior extreme; the sutural wrinkles are prettily shagreened by the in-
tersection of these fine close grooves; spire very obliquely wound, the margin
of the volutions rounded (notwithstanding its being closely appressed), and
the rounded edge often eroded showing the inner porcellanous under the outer
more cretaceous layer, the extreme apex eroded in all the specimens obtained ;
aperture very wide in front, extremely narrow behind; the margin retreating
from the columella to half-way between axis and exterior, almost straight in
front, then rising and continuing backward nearly parallel to the axis, and fall-
ing away again obliquely to the suture, forming an extremely narrow and deep
notch ; body with a thin deposit of white callus, columella hardly thickened,
spiral, passing without noticeable interruption into the anterior margin ; outer
lip sharp, thin. Lon. of shell, 9.0; of aperture, 7.5; max. lat. of shell, 5.25;
of aperture, 3.37 mm.

Station 236, off Bequia, in 1591 fms., ooze, bottom temperature, 39°.0 ; Sta-
tion 162, off Guadelupe, in 734 fms., ooze, bottom temperature 40°.0 F.

This shell has a distant resemblance to an Acton, which it is not, as is evi-
dent on inspection. It may prove a Cylichna when the soft parts are known,
reference until then being necessarily provisional. It is peculiarly bevelled
off behind and abrupt in front, and is stouter than most shells of this group.
It is posssble that in the young at some stage the nucleus may be entirely en-
rolled. It is quite distinct from anything recent or fossil which I find figured.
It is most nearly allied to U.? vortex Dall, which is a smaller, proportionally
more slender, cylindrical shell, with somewhat different sculpture and a blunter
spire. In the figure of U.? domitus the wrinkles on the spire are not suffi-
ciently emphasized as compared with the lines of growth, nor is the difference
in sculpture between the body and the posterior aspect as sharply defined as it
appears under a good lens. This species differs from Utriculus spatha Watson
in form and in the absence of folds on the columella, It differs from U. olivi-
formis Watson in the proportion of the spire to the whole length, in the un-
equal distribution and different character of the sculpture. But I doubt if
these species do not vary greatly, and the discovery of intermediate links be-
tween them and U. vortex would not surprise me in the least.

Utriculus pervius Da tt.

Shell short, stout, truncate apically, white, polished, sculptured only with
faint incremental lines; form subcylindrical, larger anteriorly, a little com-
pressed just behind the middle; aperture long, narrow behind and rounded
at the posterior commissure, where it has a shallow rounded notch, the outer
boundary of whose path is marked on the summit by a raised line; anterior
part of aperture wider, not very oblique, rounded in front; outer lip straight,

January 6, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, 49

thin, arched forward in the middle; pillar thin, simple, with no trace of a
plait; body without perceptible callus; behind the pillar a small, very deep
umbilical perforation ; apex nearly flat, bounded by the above-mentioned raised
line, within which the fasciole of the notch is rounded over but does not reach
the level of the line referred to; nucleus somewhat depressed, but not deeply ;
about three and a half whorls are visible on the apex. Max. lon. of shell,
4.0; max. lat. of do., 2.53; lat. of apex, 1.5 mm.

Habitat. West Indies, U.S. Fish Commission, probably from near Barba-
dos, in about 80 fms., sand,

This species is remarkable for its deep though minute umbilicus and its
dish-like apex. Its general form is not unlike U. perplicatus, but the sides
are straighter and the other characters quite different. The locality is unfor-
tunately doubtful, though it was somewhere in the Antilles,

Subgenus RETUSA (Brown) Morcu.

Retusa ? ovata JEFFREYs.

Cylichna ovata Jeffreys, Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1870, Porc. Exp., p. 156. Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., 5th ser., X. p. 84, 1882. Watson, Chall. Rep., p. 664, pl. xlix. fig.
9, 1885.

Utriculus conulus G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 287, pl. 17, fig. 17, 1878,

Cylichna umbilicata var. conulus Jeffr., Brit. Conch., IV. p. 414; V. p. 228.

Not Bulla conulus Deshayes, Cylichna conulus of Weinkauff, or Bulla conulus of
Searles Wood.

Habitat. North Atlantic, Porcupine and Triton Expeditions; Bay of Bis-
cay, Travailleur Expedition: Azores, Josephine, Porcupine, and Challenger
Expeditions ; West Indies, off Culebra Island, Challenger Expedition; off Per-
nambuco, Challenger Expedition; Straits of Florida, 150-465 fms., Dr. Rush;
east coast of North America, 124-400 fms., U.S. Fish Commission. Range
100-1000 fms. over a muddy bottom in all parts of the North Atlantic, with
temperatures from 40°.0 to 62°.0 F.

Retusa ? obesiuscula Brucnone.

Cylichna obesiuscula Brugnone, Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital., III. p. 39, pl. i. fig. 7, 1877.
Diaphana conulus Verrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III. p. 882, 1880; Trans. Conn.
Acad., V. p. 548, pl. Iviii. fig. 25, 1882; VI. p. 273, 1884.

Habitat. Pliocene of Messina, Seguenza; of Palermo, Brugnone. U. S.
Fish Commission Stations 870, 949, 2595, 2602, and 2614, in 63-168 fms.,
living in about 100 fms., temperature 61° F., over a sandy bottom.

This species is quite distinct from Bulla conica or conulus of Deshayes, Wood,
Sars, etc., from C. Hernest and C. ovata, with all of which it has been con-
founded by various authors, especially Jeffreys. Professor Verrill in referring
to it noted the discrepancies.

VOL, XVIII. 4

50 BULLETIN OF THE

In the absence of the soft parts, which have not been preserved, it is impos-
sible to fix the place of this and the preceding species. If they belong to the
Tornatinide, they would be included with Retusa as I have used it. If to the
Scaphandride, they would find a place in Monterosato’s section Cylichnina.
Further knowledge is required before a satisfactory answer can be given to this
and many other doubtful questions.

The specimens have been compared with Brugnone’s types in the Jeffreys
collection, and with authentic specimens of the other forms mentioned. The
genuine CO. conulus seems to have a very wide range, and was dredged by Cap-
tain St. John, R. N., in Korea. The specimens in the Jeffreys collection from
the Italian Pliocene collected by Seguenza, and named conulus or ovata, were
of this species. The other conulus appeared from the Tertiaries of France, Bel-
gium, and Great Britain.

Genus VOLVULA A. Apaas.

Volvula acuta Orsieny.

Volvula recta Morch, non Orbigny, Malak. Blatt., XXII. p. 179.
Bulla acuta Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, I. p. 126, pl. iv. figs. 17-20, 1841.
2Volvula minuta Bush, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 469, pl. xlv. fig. 11, 1885.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Off Hatteras, 15-124 fms., U. 8S. Fish Com-
mission.

This species, when young, seems to me indistinguishable from V. minuta
Bush, so far as the shells are concerned. I have not seen the soft parts.
Northern specimens are a little yellower and more earthy than those from
the Antilles, as in the case of many other species having a wide geographical
range. Miss Bush’s figure is more ovate than that of Orbigny, and I find
specimens agreeing with both figures in form, with others which appear more
or less intermediate. This species differs from V. acuminata Brug. in being
one quarter shorter with the same width, in having a well-marked umbilical
chink, and an apical process averaging shorter in specimens of the same size.

Volvula oxytata Busn.

Volvula oxytata Bush, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 468, pl. xlv. fig. 12, 18865.

2 Volvula persimilis Morch, Malak. Blatt., XXII. p. 179, 1875.

%Bulla fucicola (Chiereghini) fide Nardo, Sinon., Veneto, 1847; Brusina, Contr. p.
Fauna Dalm., p. 83, 1866.

Volvula acuminata (Brug.) Auct. ex parte.

Habitat. Mediterranean, Jeffr. Coll. East coast of the United States, be-
tween Hatteras and Cuba, 5-63 fms., U. S. Fish Commission. Antilles, Krebs.
In examining the Jeffreys collection I find this species represented from the
Mediterranean from various collectors, and from Adventure Bank, Porcupine

CLC

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 51

Expedition. The British and all the northern specimens, and one Mediterra-
nean lot, are of another species, shorter and stouter, which I take to be the gen-
uine acuminata of Brugiére. It in its turn differs somewhat from the Crag fossil
which has been called by the same name, but perhaps not specifically. I have
not had access to the work of Nardo or Chiereghini; but if the name given by
the latter, as is probable, was applied to the Adriatic form, it is probably this
species, as I have not seen any genuine acuminata from the Adriatic. In that
case it would take precedence of the names given by Miss Bush and Morch.
I have not seen any specimen of Morch’s shell authentically identified, but
his comparative remarks render it highly probable that he had the V. oxytata
in view.

The genus Rhizorus of Montfort has been referred to this group, but it seems
to be too uncertain to be adopted, and in some particulars would rather recall
the Cylichna marmorata of Adams.

Volvula Bushii n. s.

This species is stouter, and its posterior process more acutely pointed than
in V. acuta; its posterior end is more inflated and blunt than in V. acuta or
acuminata, and the little sharp spine rises more abruptly from this dome.
The anterior part of the shell is somewhat narrower than the posterior part,
with very straight sides and columella, toward which it is evenly rounded in
front. There is a long chink behind the pillar, a faint wash of callus on the
body, and fine microscopic spiral strize over the polished surface. The color
is greenish white of a cretaceous quality. The columella is slightly reflected,
but not twisted. Lon. 4.6; lat. 2.3 mm.

Habitat. Station 2602, 36 miles S. 4 W. from Cape Hatteras, N.C., in
124 fms., sand, bottom temperature 61°.0 F., U. S. Fish Commission.

Six specimens were obtained.

Volvula aspinosa n. s.

Shell white or yellowish, opaque, the young translucent, rather stout, ovate,
the aperture as long as the shell, very narrow behind, wider in front, the outer
lip sharp-edged, thickened inside, evenly rounded to both extremities, its mid-
dle part nearly straight ; the left or opposite side of the shell much more arched
than the right side; surface with well-marked incremental lines, numerous
spiral microscopic striz a little stronger toward the extremities; columella
thick, short, straight, with a very minute chink behind it covered mostly by
callus; apex dome-like, with a small rising in the centre, which in the most
perfect and especially young specimens is pointed ; callus on the body narrow,
but well marked. Lon. 4.0; lat. 2.0 mm.

Habitat. Off the North Carolina coast, in 18 to 168 fms., sand, bottom
temperature 61°-75° F., U. S. Fish Commission. Straits of Florida, 150-
200 fms., Dr. Rush,

52 BULLETIN OF THE

This very interesting species nearly bridges the gap between typical Volvula
and Cylichna. Many of the worn or unfinished specimens show hardly a trace
of an apical process; with the best developed ones it is only a raised point
barely as high as the elevation of the outer lip beyond the apex, and never a
spine as in the other species. There is something about its form and facies,
however, which indicates its relationship even when the point is absent.
Apart from the spine it is perhaps nearer V. Bushii than any of the others,
but is more cylindrical, smaller, and has a narrower aperture. The shell
seems unusually heavy for its small size when a perfectly mature specimen is
examined,

Famity SCAPHANDRIDZ.
Genus SCAPHANDER MonrTrort.
Scaphander punctostriatus MicuELs.

Bulla punctostriatus Mighels, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I. p. 49, 1841
Scaphander librarius Loven, Index Moll. Scand., p. 10, 1846.
Scaphander punctostriatus Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 275.

Habitat. Station 48, Gulf of Mexico, Lat. 28° 47’.5 N. and Lon. 88° 41’.5 W.,
in 533 fms., bottom temperature 41°.7 F., and Station 281, near Barbados, in
288 fms., ooze, bottom temperature 46°.5 F.

A single specimen was collected at each of the above stations.

These specimens exhibit a bluntness at the apex and a more Bulla-like form
than the typical ones, and may form a variety clavus, distinguished from the
type by the above features and by the simple apex, where the axis is prolonged
into the outer lip directly without being twisted so as to form a sort of cup, as
in the type of the species.

Scaphander Watsoni Da tt.
Plate XVII. Fig. 10.
Scaphander ? Watsoni Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 99, 1881.

Habitat. Off Sombrero Island, in 54-72 fms.: Barbados, 100 fms. ; Station
20, in 220 fms., off Bahia Honda, bottom temperature 62°.0 F.; Station 36, in
84 fms., bottom temperature 60°.0 F. ; Station 45, in 101 fms., bottom temper-
ature 61°.7 F.; and Station 290, in 73 fms., Barbados, bottom coral and shell,
temperature 70°.7 F. Also off Hatteras, in 63-124 fms., sand, and 324 fms.,
sand, in the Gulf of Mexico, bottom temperature 46° 5, by the U. 8. Fish
Commnnission.

Adults of this species were taken at Station 2376 by the U.S. Fish Com-
mission in 324 fms. The shells alone were received. They are the American
analogue of the European Scaphander lignarius, which they resemble more
closely than any other species, but from which they can be distinguished by

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 53

their uniformly more slender and cylindrical form and greater posterior attenu-
ation. These differences hold good for the young as well as the adults. The
outer lip generally rises higher, and the space on the posterior end of the spire
+s less wide and excavated in S. Watsoni than in the other species, but these
characters vary somewhat in both species. I doubt if S. Watsoni ever reaches
the size of the Mediterranean form; the largest I have seen measured 38.0 mm.
long by 19.0 mm. in greatest diameter. S. lignarius of the same length gen-
erally measures about 24,5 mm. in diameter.

The magnificent S. nobilis Verrill, first dredged in 1209 fms., off Delaware
Bay, was also found in the Gulf of Mexico by the U. S. Fish Commission in
1639 fms., at Station 2127.

Subgenus SABATIA BE LLaRrDl.

Sabatia Bellardi, Bull. della Soc. Malacol. Italiana, IT. fas. iii. p. 209, 1876.
Sabalia Bellardi, 1. c. sopra tavola C. figs. 5-8.
Type Sabatia Issel Bellardi, 1. c., p. 210.
Bulla plicata Bellardi, in Sismonda, Syn. Meth. Inv. Pedemont. Fos., 1842 (non
B. plicata Deshayes).
Bulla uniplicata Bell., in Sismonda, ed. ii. 1847. (Nom. inapp-)

Sabatia bathymophila Dat.
Plate XVII. Figs. 9, 9b.

Atys ? bathymophila Dall., Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 98, 1881.

Habitat. Station 33, 1,568 fms.; Station 2, 805 fms.; Yucatan Strait, in
640 fms. ; Station 162, in 734 fms.

The exterior of this species has the general form of Scaphander nobilis, but
the minute sculpture and the characteristics in detail are alike distinct.

Additional and mature specimens of this species appear in the collections of
1878-79, from Station 162, off Guadelupe, in 734 fms., fine gray mud ; bot-
tom temperature 40°.0. These specimens show that the truncation of the axis
is a character of the immature shell, and that the adult shows nothing of it,
but has the body from one end to the other supplied with a broad solid flat-
tened callus, which is especially protuberant (into the aperture) at the begin-
ning of the posterior third. The outer margin of the callus has a sigmoid
curve parallel with the inner outline of the columella and body; the inner
margin is, however, somewhat irregularly transversely wrinkled, the mass of
callus is much thicker in the middle third, and its surface is ornamented with
flattened pustule irregularly disposed. This gives to the shell an abnormal
appearance, which I took, in the single large (but, as we now know, immature)
specimen referred to in the description, as an indication of disease in the indi-
vidual. More material shows these characters to be normal and constant in
their general features in the adult shells. The form of the aperture is well

54 BULLETIN OF THE

shown in the figures; its anterior portion is very oblique,—a feature only
visible in a side view.

The type species, Sabatia Isseli Bellardi, bears no special resemblance to this
shell ; it is of quite different shape, sculpture, and proportions, with a callus
more simple and proportionately less developed. A species with a differently
shaped aperture and more general regularity of form both in shell and callus,
yet closely allied to the present species, is Bulla grandis Seguenza (Form.
Terz. di Reggio, p. 250, pl. xvi. fig. 4, 1880), from the Astiano division of the
Calabrian Pliocene, collected at Reggio and Gallina. It is even larger than our
species, measuring 33 X 26 mm., while the largest specimen of bathymophila
is only 31 & 24 mm. In the latter a minute dimple indicates the position
of the wholly immersed apex in the adult, while in the young the rough callus,
though thin, is distinctly apparent in a specimen only 4.0 mm. long, and which
has the nucleus and about three turns visible on the apex. The nucleus is
reversed and half immersed, smooth and translucent. It is not wholly cov-
ered by callus until the shell is more than 7.0 mm. in length. When half
covered it resembles the genus Cryptaris of Jeffreys. The sculpture in the
very young is the same as in the adult. Scaphander niveus and gracilis of
Watson probably belong to this group.

Genus ATYS Montrort.
Atys ? Sandersoni Dat.

Plate XVII. Fig. 7.
Atys? Sandersoni Dall, Bulletin M. C. Z., IX. p. 99, 1881.

Habitat. Station 2, 805fms. Off Havana (?), Sigsbee, a fragment in 450
fms. Station 20, off Bahia Honda, Cuba, in 220 fms., and at Station 127, near
Santa Cruz, in 38 fms., sand, bottom temperature 76°.7 F.

Since describing this species I have found it in collections named Atys
caribea Orbigny, but the real A. caribaea which I have from Barbados in 100
fms. is a more pyriform, less cylindrical, and shorter species. I have seen no
authentic specimen of Orbigny’s shell, but the Barbados form agrees very well
with his figure, and is doubtless the same as he described. It would if adult
probably closely resemble A. naucum.

Genus CYLICHNA Loven.
Cylichna Verrillii n. s.

Shell similar to C. alba Brown in size and form with the exceptions follow-
ing. It is bluish white and never has the brown outer coat of C. alba, though
the extremely thin epidermis sometimes shows a light brown line marginating
the apex. It is covered all over with fine spiral strie. The columella is
thickened and twisted more than occurs in C. alba, and in C. Verrillii has the

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 55

effect of an incipient plait. Lastly the aperture extends farther behind the
spire than in C. alba, and, instead of the margin being curved over to a slight
callus sealing the apex, there is a well marked perforation, most marked in
the adult shells. Largest specimen 7.5 long by 3.0 mm. wide.

Habitat. Off the coast of North Carolina, at Stations 2592, 2595, 2596,
2602, and 2612 of the U 8S. Fish Commission, in from 50 to 124 fms., sand,
bottom temperature 58-75° F.

This species is larger and more cylindrical than C. umbilicata of Europe.
It is nearer 0. cylindracea var lineata, but is shorter in proportion to its
width, and its body is also shorter in proportion to the whole length and more
obliquely attenuated to the columella. It has a striking similarity to C. alba,
when decorticated, until closely examined.

The other species common to the region are C. Aubert Orbigny, C. occulta
Mighels, and perhaps C. cylindracea Pennant, specimens of which were re-
ceived from Cuming as from the Antilles (?). C. Krebsii Morch would seem
to be suspiciously near C. alba, but I have seen no specimens, and the locality
(Anguilla, etc.) seems very far south for that species, The suspicion arises
that the specimens may have been derived from ballast thrown overboard by
New England trading craft or New York fruit-carriers.

Famity BULLIDZ.
Genus BULLA LiInne.

Bulla ? eburnea Da tt. :
Plate XVII. Fig. 6.

Bulla ? eburnea Dall, Bulletin M. C. Z., LX. p. 98, 1881.
? Diaphana gemma Verrill, variety.

Habitat. Station 43, 339 fms.

I have seen only one specimen of each of the above species, and they certainly
appear very different in some respects; but the range of variation in these forms
is little understood, and I do not feel confident that it may not be larger than
generally supposed. In that case it is possible that the two forms may repre-
sent the extremes of one species. This should not be confounded with the
Bulla eburnea of A. Adams, which is a member of the genus Volvula. Not pos-
sessing the soft parts, I have preferred to refer this species to the genus Bulla,
though it may belong in the preceding family.

Bulla occidentalis A. Apams.

Bulla occidentalis A. Adams, Thes. Conch., Part ix. Bulla, p. 577, No. 49, pl. exxiii.
figs. 72, 73, 1850.
Bulla alba Turton, Zodl. Journ., II. p. 364, pl. xiii. fig. 6.

Habitat. Antilles, in moderate depths, Adams and many others. Station
10, in 37 fms., Blake expedition.

56 BULLETIN OF THE

This extremely common shell, under the influence of the sun and weather,
bleaches white or nearly so. Two specimens of this kind were described by
Turton, many years ago, under the above mentioned name, as British. They
were of course exotic, and West Indian. But they have been referred to B.
striata of the Mediterranean and West Indian faune. ‘Turton’s types in the
Jeffreys collection enable me to correct this error.

Bulla abyssicola Da tt.
Plate XVII. Fig. 11.

Bulla abyssicola Dal:, Bulletin M. C. Z., IX. p. 97, 1881.
Bulla pinguicula Jeffreys MS., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1880, p. 318, No. 140 (name
only). Watson, Chall. Rep., p. 638, 1886.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. Station 43, 339 fms. (young). Station
136, off Frederikstadt, Santa Cruz, in 508 fms., ooze, bottom temperature
42°.5 F.

The nearest relative of this species appears to be the Bulla utriculus of Europe,
which is longer, less cylindrical, and has a deep pit at the apex.

I have been enabled from an inspection of his type to determine that the
manuscript name of Dr. Jeffreys applies to this species. It was obtained by
the Travailleur in the Bay of Biscay, and also by the Challenger in 450
fms., mud, off Fayal, Azores, at (Challenger) Station No. 75. As no descrip-
tion has ever been attached to Dr. Jeffreys’s name, it necessarily falls into
synonymy.

It is possible that this species also is more nearly related to the preceding
family, but the soft parts are as yet unknown.

Bulla Krebsii n. s.

Shell nearly the form of B. occidentalis A. Adams,* but more cylindrical and
of an ivory porcellanous white. The posterior angle of the aperture is more
sharp and the aperture near it narrower, while on the columella there is a faint
revolving ridge which suggests a plait, though too obscure to be so named,
The surface is brilliantly polished, with perceptible incremental lines. Callus
on the body, thin with a very minute chink behind that on the pillar. Apex
deeply sunken, pervious, scalate, showing nearly four volutions, the margin of
the vortex rounded, with faint indications of a carinal line. Max. lon. 8.0;
max. lat. 5.0 mm.

Habitat. . Station 163, near Guadelupe, in 769 fms., sand, bottom temper-
ature 39°.75 F.

I cannot make this fit in with any previously known species. It may prove
not to be a typical Bulla.

* Thes. Conch., Bulla, pl. exxiii. fig. 73.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 57

Bulla clausa n. s.

Shell small, subtranslucent, solid, of the form of B. solida (Gmelin, non
Brugiére), pale yellowish brown verging toward salmon color in the darkest
parts; surface polished, with well marked incremental lines and extremely fine
microscopic wavy spiral strize over the whole surface. Aperture as long as the
shell; wide anteriorly with a strongly arched callous white columella having a
groove behind it and a thin callus on the body. Apex imperforate, meeting
the descending outer lip with hardly a dimple. Max. lon. 11.5; max. lat.
7.75 mm.

Habitat. Florida, collector unknown, U.S. Nat. Museum, No. 55188.

This is the only shell, except the abyssal species like eburnea and abyssicola,
having the solidity and characteristic form of typical Bulla which I have found
without an apical perforation or distinct pattern of coloration, yet it seems too
heavy and porcellanous to be referred to Haminea. It was probably collected

by Stimpson.

Genus HAMINEA Leacu.
Haminea succinea Conran.

Bulla succinea Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., III. p. 26, pl. i. fig. 5, 1845;
Dall, Hemphill’s Shells, p. 824, 1883.

This species resembles Haminea Guildingi Sowerby, but is-smaller, much
more slender, and whiter. It is common in shallow water on the coast of
Florida. A single specimen was dredged by the Blake at Station 247, off
Grenada, in 170 fms., ooze, bottom temperature 53°.5 F,

This form is quite distinct from Haminea solitaria Say. The other species
belonging to the region are H. antillarum Orb. (+ H. cerina Mke. 1853, and
H. guadelupensis Sby. in Reeve, Conch. Iconica) ; H. Guildingi Swains. (?=
elegans Gray in Suppl. Wood, Index Testac.); and H. Petitw Orb. (+ ZH. glabra
A. Ad. in Thes. Conch.).

Famity PHILINID.®.
Genus PHILINE Ascanivs.
Philine infundibulum n.s.

In the multiplicity of species of Philine this one is best described by a com-
parative diagnosis, The soft parts externally are whitish, and resemble P. quad-
rata and P. finmarchica as figured by G. O. Sars.* It is nearest P. quadrata
so far as shell characters go, and belongs to the group of species which have

* Moll. Reg. Arct. Nov., pl. 18, figs. 9 d, 10 d.

58 BULLETIN OF THE

the spire entirely immersed and the posterior junction of the outer lip descend-
ing upon it ina sort of spiral. The shell is thin, pellucid, and finely closely
spirally striate. It differs from that of P. quadrata chiefly by its larger size
and the much smaller proportion wrapped in the body whorl. The soft parts,
though larger, are remarkably like those of P. quadrata, but in that species the
ventricular plates are wanting. In the present species they are present and of
large size, the large (right) plate being lozenge-shaped, whitish and slightly
concave on the side of insertion, covered with a convex polished nearly smooth
brown coating on the interior, which is generally worn away by friction toward
the center. The small plates are nearly the shape of half the large one, partly
hollow and without granules. They resemble on the whole the plates of
P. angulata Jeffreys as figured by Sars (loc. cit., t. xii. fig. 10 d), but are larger,
longer, and more pointed at the extremities. The adult shell comprises about
two whorls, maximum length 12.0, max. breadth 9.0 mm. The large plate
measures about 4.0 x 8.0mm. The axis of the shell is wound in a wide per-
vious spiral, and the body whorl] viewed from below extends about half-way
across the base from side to side and two thirds the distance from the apex to
the front edge.

Habitat. Station 20, in 220 fms., off Bahia Honda, Cuba; Station 146, in
245 fms., sand, near St. Kitts; Station 167, off Guadelupe, in 175 fms., sand;
Station 188, off Dominica in 372 fms., sand; Station 192, off Dominica, in 138
fms.; Stations 274, 279, 291, and 299, near Barbados, in 118 to 209 fms.
Bottom temperatures ranging from 48° to 64° F.

This seems to be a rather common species from the frequency with which
it was taken. It differs entirely from P. sagra Orbigny, and is wider and
squarer than P. Candeana Orb., in which moreover the spire is represented as
visible for two turns at the apex.

Philine planata n. s.

Shell resembling that of P. aperta Linné, but flatter, smaller, more quad-
rangular, with a shorter and smaller body whorl, more polished surface, and
with an impressed spiral line near the apex which extends to the margin where
it marks a slight sinus, behind which the posterior margin is prolonged into a
rounded prominent point. The shell is brilliantly polished and smooth except
' for lines of growth, but near the apex are a few microscopic faint spirals invis-
ible without a lens. Ths spire is wholly immersed and makes in all about one
and a half turns. The ventricular plates are formed like those of P. infundibu-
lum, and not like those of P. aperta. The outer surface of the right plate has
two longitudinal blackish lines. The two small plates are somewhat more
arched than in P. infundibulum. The inner or triturating surface is similar
in both. The length of the largest shell observed is 11.5 and its breadth
9.0 mm.

The soft parts are in general much the same as in P. aperta, but the cephalic
lobe extends farther back and the foot is rounder, flatter, and less rolled up at

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 59

the sides, As seen from below the body whorl of the shell equals only about
one sixth of the total width.

Habitat. Station 192, off Dominica, in 138 fms.; Stations 274, 291, and 299,
off Barbados, in 140 to 209 fms., bottom temperature 50° to 56°.5 F.

This species is readily distinguished from any other of the group by the pos-
terior point, which, though smaller, recalls that of Chelidonwra Adams, 'The
soft parts, however, have no resemblance to the very peculiar, and perhaps partly
hypothetical, figure of Quoy and Gaimard. P. amabilis Verrill is much nearer
P. aperta, from which, as far as the shell is concerned, it chiefly differs by being
a little narrower than the average aperta. The species are, however, quite
variable in this respect.

Philine flexuosa M. Sars.

Philine sp. ind, Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 99, 1881.
Philine flexuosa (M. Sars) G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 802, 1878.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

The fragment above referred to was identified by comparison with an au-
thentic specimen received by Jeffreys from Sars, and contained in the Jeffreys
collection.

Famity GASTROPTERIDZ.
Genus GASTROPTERON MECKEL.

Gastropteron sp. ind.

A species of Gastropteron, which to a casual inspection did not differ from
the Mediterranean G. Meckelit Kosse, was obtained at Station 167, near Guade-
lupe, in 175 fms., sand, the bottom temperature being 55° F. Unfortunately,
before the specimens conld be studied, the alcohol in which they were pre-
served evaporated by reason of a defective stopper, and it only remains to
chronicle the occurrence of the genus at the locality mentioned.

Famity UMBRACULID.
Genus UMBRACULUM ScuHuMAcHER.

L’ombrelle, Lam., Extrait d’un Cours, 1812. Gray, List of Gen. P. Z. S. 1847, p. 163.

Umbraculum, Schumacher, Essai, p. 177, 1817.

Gastroplax, Blainville, Dict. Sci. Nat., XVIII. p. 176. Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 178,
1819. .

Umbrella, Lam., An. s. Vert., VI. p. 339, 1819; ed. ii., VII. p. 569. Blainville, Bull.
Soc. Phil, p. 178, 1819. Férussac, Tab. Syst., p. xxix. Gray, Lond. Med.

60 BULLETIN OF THE

Rep., p. 282, 1821. Cuvier, Régne An., ed. ii., 1830. Swains., Mal., pp. 252,
81, 1840. Carpenter, Lect., ed. ii., p. 86. Chenu, Man. de Conchyliogie, I. p
898. Gray, Guide, p. 204.

Ombrella, Blainville, Dict. Sci. Nat., XXXII. p. 267, 1824. Mal., p. 174, 1825.

Umbella, Orb., Moll. Cub., I. p. 115, 1841. Pal. Franc. Ter. Cret., II., 1842. (Not
of Griffith and Pidgeon.)

Acardo, Menke, Syn. olim, 1828.

Operculatum, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II. p. 41, 1854. (Linné, Mus. Tess.,
1758, not binomial.)

Patella, sp. of the older authors.

Not Acardo, Lam., 1801 (= whale’s vertebra); nor of Commercon, Brugitre,
Cuvier, Muhlfeldt, or Swainson; (= genera of bivalves.)

Type, U. umbrella Gmelin, East Indies.

The name Operculatum, applied by the brothers Adams to this genus, was
not used by Linné in a binomial sense, and is barred by the rules of nomen-
clature now almost universally adopted.

The trivial French name applied by Lamarck was first Latinized by Schu-
macher in the form Umbraculum with a proper diagnosis. The French trivial
name, which had been many years employed among collectors, never had any
scientific standing until Latinized by Schumacher. Subsequently, Lamarck,
in 1819, Latinized the word in the form Umbrella, and Blainville in the same
year used the form Ombrella, but neither of these has any just claim to super-
sede the name proposed by Schumacher, which is the first Latin binomial
appellation, accompanied by the requisite diagnosis, which appeared in scientific
literature.

Umbraculum bermudense (Morcx?).

Plate XIV. Figs. 9,10.

Shell rounded in front, subtruncate behind ; thin, translucent yellowish,
with a tint of orange near its apex ; surface polished but irregularly malleated
as if from irregularities of station ; apex disproportionately pointed compared
with the rest of the shell, erect, dwindling rapidly to a blunted point with a
slight posterior tendency ; on the back of this is apparently an obscure scar as
of a dehiscent embryonal tip or nucleus; apex about the beginning of the
posterior third ; interior polished, anterior horns of the pedal muscles reaching
about the anterior third united by a delicate arched line marking the attach-
ment of the mantle ; lon. 10.00; lat. 8.00; alt. 4.00 mm.

A single dead specimen was obtained by Lieut.-Com. C. D. Sigsbee at
Station 62, off Havana, in 80 fms., while in search of Pentacrinus. While, in
the absence of the soft parts, its position must remain a little uncertain, yet the
correspondence of the shell with the young of Umbraculum mediterraneum is so
close that I cannot doubt that this specimen is the young of a species of Um-
braculum or Tylodina. Since in this state the specific relations seem indetermi-

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 61

nable, it is probable that the species is that referred to by Dr. George Forbes
of Bermuda, in a letter to John Eaton Dodsworth, published in the Philosophi-
cal Transactions in 1758, and figured there.*

As to the question whether this shell (named from the above figures by
Morch Operculatum bermudense, Mal. Blatt., XXII. p. 179, 1875) is distinct
from the Mediterranean species, this still remains to be investigated,

Subgenus HYALOPATINA Datu.

Shell dextral, flattened, sculptured, ovate. Nucleus sinistral, immersed.

Hyalopatina Rushii n. s.

Shell oval, translucent bluish white, almost perfectly flat, extremely thin.
Nucleus of less than one whorl, half immersed, the remainder rising above
the surface, smooth, not polished. Upper surface nearly flat, except near the
nucleus which is situated nearly in the median line and close to the posterior
margin ; concentrically faintly undulated ; with faint concentric growth lines,
and with very numerous radiating lines of extremely minute slightly elevated
points, recalling the granules of Poromya on a much finer and more minute
scale. They are so small as to hardly appear elevated, but more like radiating
lines of opaque dots on the generally translucent surface. Margin regularly
ovate, entire, extremely thin. Under surface of shell mostly polished, a little
domed under the part in front of the nucleus ; there are faint markings (in-
terrupted on the right side about the middle) which appear as if they might
represent the area of muscular insertion, but the polish of the shell is such
that this is not definitely ascertained. ‘The sides of the shell are a little ele-
vated, as if it had grown on a slightly concave surface, but the ends are de-
pressed about to the same extent. Max. long. 9.3; max. lat. 7.5; posterior
margin to nucleus, 1.8 mm.

Habitat. Off Great Isaac Light, Bahamas, in 30 fms., Dr. W. H. Rush.
U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. 61222.

This remarkable shell has been some time in the National Museum and has
been submitted to several conchologists, and studied with much care. In the
absence of any further information, I have come to the conclusion that it may
be related to Umbraculum, from which, conchologically, it is separated by its
oval form, posterior nucleus, and granulated surface. The discovery of a
living specimen, however, may show the true relations of the creature to
be elsewhere. It has a little the general appearance of an extremely thin,
flat Crepidula ungucformis without a deck, and with the nucleus within the
margin.

* Plate XXXV. figs. 1, 2.

62 BULLETIN OF THE

Super-OrpER PROSOBRANCHIATA.

Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA.

I have, in sum, followed Dr. Fischer in the arrangement of this group, mod-
ifying slightly the values and some details. I heartily concur in his expression
of opinion, that a final arrangement of the groups included in this order awaits
much fuller knowledge of the animals than we now possess.

The groups, hardly suborders, based on the dentition, are not of equal value.
Toxoglossa and Rhachiglossa are certainly more closely linked than either or
both with Tenioglossa. The latter leads the way toward Rhiphidoglossa. The
place of Gymnoglossa is doubtful.

Super-Family TOXOGLOSSA.

The facts now known warrant us in believing that the teeth in this group
represent the uncini of other groups, while the middle part of the radula is
only known, so far, to occur in Spirotropis. On the other hand, the losses in
Rhachiglossa have been at the edges instead of the middle, and the uncini and
sometimes the true laterals or admedian teeth are the ones which are absent.
Probably a fuller knowledge of the dentition will completely bridge the gap
now existing between the two groups, and afford us examples of every degree
of modification.

In separating this group into families I have adopted the groups rated as
subfamilies by Dr. Fischer, merely assigning them a somewhat higher value.

Famity TEREBRID.
Genus TEREBRA (Apanson) LAMARCKE.

Of this genus the type is 7. subulata Linné, and no species known to belong
to the typical section are so far reported from the region we are discussing.
The subdivisions of the genus which are represented are Euryta H. & A. Adams,
Subula Schumacher, Hastula (Adams) Troschel, and Acus (Humphrey) Tro-
schel. As until the dentition of all our species is examined the place they
should occupy will be uncertain, the reference here to the subgenus in some
cases is only provisional.

Euryta aciculata Lamarck is well known, and has been received from
Venezuela and the Bahamas by the National Museum, as well as from the
Antilles.

Hastula hastata Gmelin (+ casta Hinds and obesa Poulsen) has been re-
ceived from Florida, Aspinwall, and the Bahamas, beside the Antilles.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 63

Hastula cinerea Born (+ salleana Deshayes and jamaicensis C. B. Adams),
is in the Museum from Corpus Christi, Texas, from Vera Cruz, Carthagena,
and the West Indies.

Subula floridana Dall, has been dredged by the U.S. Fish Commmission
near Key West in 45 fms., and in the Straits of Florida in 56 fms., sand. It
differs from S. trisertata Gray (Indo-Pacific), which is its nearest relative, in
the absence of the peripheral nodules forming the post-sutural series, and of the
decussation, beside being less acutely elongated. It reaches a length of 70.0
mm. with a width of 10.25 mm. in twenty-six whorls of a pale straw color.

The species of Acus may be discriminated as follows : —

A. Whorls concave,

Both sides of the suture nodulous; no cost; spirally grooved; white.
Lon. 19.0, lat. 4.0 mm., whorls 13. Acus concavus Say.

Post-sutural nodules obsolete ; the grooves replaced by channels separating
raised threads ; flexuous obscure coste crossing the less concave whorl ; wine-
colored or variegated. Lon. 18.0, lat. 3.5 mm., whorls 12. A. concavus var,

vinosus Dall.
B. Whorls flat or conver.

a. Shell large, columella keeled.

Shell coarse, white to dark ash-colored ; strong, straight or slightly flexed,
smooth, numerous cost, with their interspaces coarsely threaded or grooved.
Lon. 57.0, lat. 11.0 mm., whorls 20. <Acus dislocatus Say.

b. Shell small, acute, elongate, columella not keeled,

Whorls convex, periphery destitute of nodules, whorls crossed by sharp-
edged very flexuous waves ; interspaces with crowded spirals and sharp grooves,
which last do not cut the crests of the waves. Ashy to dark purple; band
distinct. Lon. 21.2, lat. 4.7 mm., whorls 15. Acus protextus Conrad.

Waves straighter, flatter, fine and numerous, their edges cut by the spiral
grooves, sometimes slightly nodulous at the intersections ; band distinct ; color
pale brown to dark ashy. Lon. 15.5, lat. 4.0 mm., whorls 13. Acus protextus
var. lwtescens Dall.

Larger; pale yellow with a white pre-sutural area; the young sculptured
like the preceding, the adults with the sutural band nearly obsolete; costa
fine, flexuous, rounded, numerous (26-28), with six to ten prominent primary
spirals overriding the coste and with the interspaces finely striate by a secon-
dary series of spirals. Lon. 55.0, lat. 10.0 mm., whorls 18. Acus nassulus
Dall.

Smaller; strongly cancellated and nodulous at the intersections; coste about
18-20, straight; one faint anterior and three strong spirals between the sutural
band and the suture in front; the interstices deep; band obscure; base more
finely reticulated, the spirals stronger than the coste ; color white to pale buff.
Lon. 18.0, lat. 3.5 mm., whorls 14. Acus limatulus Dall.

Larger; early whorls with one row of pointed nodules, later whorls with a

64 BULLETIN OF THE

double row of crowded narrower ones in front of the suture separated by a
depression; surface wholly finely spirally striate with (30-82) crowded narrow
straight costs passing clear over the whorls on to the base; pale brown, Lon.
21.0, lat. 4.5 mm., whorls 12. Acus benthalis Dall.

Whorls flat; band smooth, convex; sides with four flat spirals decreasing
forward from the band to the suture, and others still finer on the base; trans-
verse sculpture obsolete except on the earliest whorls except faint incremental
lines ; shell porcelain-white, polished. Lon. 15.0, lat. 3.3 mm., whorls 13.
Acus Rushii Dall.

This tabulation is the result of a study of a large collection of material from
all points of the region. The number of forms is larger than was anticipated,
knowing the variability of the species of this group.

Before proceeding to enumerate and describe the species obtained by the
Blake, a few words on the other species may be of interest. The typical
Acus concavus has been received only from the coast of the two Carolinas. The
variety vinosa has been obtained in from two to thirty fathoms along the coast
from Hatteras to Florida. It is abundant in Sarasota Bay and Charlotte Har-
bor, West Florida, frequenting the fucoids with finely divided fronds, the
color of which it mimics. The operculum is somewhat lozenge-shaped, with
an apical nucleus. The tentacles are mere eye-pedicels, and when not especially
active the animal looks as if the eyes were sessile on the front of the head.
The siphon is more than half as long as the foot, which is squarely truncate
in front and extends far in advance of the eyes. The front margin appeared
to be double and the tail was bluntly rounded. The soft parts were entirely
white in the white variety. The proboscis is extremely large and internally
corrugated. There is no radula, and there are no mandibles, according to
Stimpson’s notes.

The common Terebra of our coast is the well-known Acus dislocatus of Say.
It extends from Maryland to Florida, Texas, Venezuela, the Bahamas, and the
Antilles. It has a number of synonyms, of which the most common are 7.
rudis Gray and 7. Petitit Kiener. It is found fossil in the Miocene and Plio-
cene of the Southeastern United States. Stimpson states in his unpublished
notes that there are no jaws nor radula, but in the constriction of the pro-
boscis (which is hourglass-shaped when half withdrawn) he found a series of
grooved prickles. I suspect these were the poison fangs of the animal, which,
as in some other Toxoglossa, are not set upon a radular band. If this suspicion
be confirmed, this species will probably have to be removed from Acus (charac-
terized by absence of teeth) and referred to Hastula.

The proboscis of this species when extended is of portentous magnitude.
It is extruded base first like the rostrum of Cyprea. It is very muscular and
internally corrugated, funnel-shaped, and biggest at the distal end, which encloses
the victim, who is squeezed, smothered, and sucked to death simultaneously.
The stomach is considerably smaller than the cavity of the proboscis, and is
connected with it by a narrow esophagus. From the posterior end of the

January 18, 1889.

—

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 65

stomach the intestine bends downward and forward, then takes a sudden turn
backward. The eyes are seated on two small projections of the front margin
of the head, not even by courtesy to be called tentacles. The foot is protruded
as on a sort of peduncle, the connection with the body being constricted. The
soft parts are white with traces of purple and yellow. The penis is recurved,
sickle-shaped, rounded, with a small conical projection at the side of the tip.
It is very large for the size of the animal. The other characters are much as
in A. concavus. The animal is very sluggish and in captivity will remain
partly protruded for forty-eight hours, apparently without stirring, though
perfectly healthy. On the shells are found in May small circular ovicapsules
adhering by the whole base and with a flat circular top like a lid a little
set in. They are about one mm. in diameter, and are probably the ovicapsules
of this species. |

Acus protextus Conrad extends from Hatteras to Texas in 2-50 fms. I
have not received it from the Antilles. The more distinctly reticulated
variety I suppose from the figures to be T. lutescens E. A. Smith. It has
been obtained in 2-20 fms., from Cape Fear, North Carolina, to the Gulf of
Mexico.

Acus Rushii Dall was dredged in 8 fms. by Dr. W. H. Rush, U.S. N., five
miles off Cape Florida, at the southwestern extreme of the peninsula. With
its strongly marked flat spiral sculpture and brilliant whiteness, it is one of the
most marked of our small species.

Three species only were collected by the Blake, but all of these appear to
be undescribed.

Terebra (Acus ?) benthalis Dat.

Plate XXIX. Fig. 6.

Shell pale brown, fading to white near the apex, slender, acute, twelve-
whorled ; nucleus swollen, glassy, white, smooth, of a whorl and a half; suc-
ceeding whorls with a peripheral row of pointed tubercles, behind which the
whorl is smoothed off to the suture, while in front a rib proceeds from each
tubercle to the next suture. These are gradually modified from whorl to
whorl, by the increase in the number of ribs and their being crowded, and
their prolongation backward to the suture where they end in a second fainter
tubercle ; on the last whorl the tubercles have become little more than faint
swellings on parallel crowded riblets, which seem to have been ligatured be-
tween the two rows. The whole surface is finely spirally striate, the base is
rounded ; the canal short and much twisted, the mouth narrow, elongated, and
without callus. Max. lon. of shell, 21.0; of last whorl, 8.2 ; max. lat. of shell,
4.5 mm,

Habitat. Off Morro Light, Havana, in 100 to 400 fms.

This shell has a deep-water aspect, and though the soft parts were not ob-
tained I have no doubt it lived at the depth from which it was dredged.

VOL. XVIII. 5

66 BULLETIN OF THE

Terebra (Acus ?) nassula DALL.
Plate XXXVI. Fig. 8.

Shell slender, acute ; yellowish white, or pale buff with the color passing
into yellowish white in the region of the sutural band; whorls eighteen, nucleus
inflated, glassy, smooth, few whorled ; remainder of the shell not polished
finely, uniformly sculptured ; in the early whorls the band is defined by a
constriction in front of the suture, which does not interrupt the sculpture ; as
the shell grows this becomes less pronounced and in the later whorls the band
is often very feebly defined. The spiral sculpture consists of primary threads
and secondary striz ; there are two or three primaries on the band and four to
eight on the rest of the whorl, the base being more feebly though similarly
sculptured; the spirals override the very numerous close, fine, flexuous trans-
verse ribs, there being in these characters the usual tendency to variability in
strength, etc. ; the aperture is narrow and elongated with a faint wash of callus
on the pillar ; canal short, twisted ; the siphonal fasciole very pronounced, its
hinder edge marked with a sharp keel which does not enter the aperture nor
appear on the columella. Lon. of shell, 55.0; of last whorl, 16.0; of aperture,
10.0; max. lat. of shell, 10.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 32, in 95 fms., Lat. 23° 32’ and Lon. 88° 5’ W., north of
Yucatan in the middle of the Gulf of Mexico; Station 36, in 84 fms., west-
ward of the last, bottom temperature 60°; Station 206, off Martinique,
in 170 fms., sand, bottom temperature 49°; Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. (ad-
ventitious ?).

The only described species which seems at all to resemble this is T. flava
Gray, which is an immature shell (referred to the Indo-Pacific T. cancellata
Quoy by Tryon) and might be the young of this or a good many other species.
T. protexta var. lutescens presents similar characters on a minor scale.

Terebra (Acus) limatula Dat.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms.; Gulf of Mexico at Station 36, in 84 fms.;
Bahamas, west of North Bemini, in 200 fms. (Dr. Rush); U. 8S. Fish Commis-
sion Station 2402, in the Gulf of Mexico, between the delta of the Mississippi
and Cedar Keys, Fla., in 111 fms., mud; and Station 2610, 24 miles S. E.
from Cape Lookout on the Carolina coast, in 22 fms., sand, bottom temperature
799.0 F.

The sculpture of Antillean specimens tends to be stronger, the alveoli be-
tween the ridges deeper, and the spirals fewer than in the northern specimens.
The latter usually have three or four above the suture, the Antilleans two or
three. If these differences are worth naming, the variety may be called T.
limatula var. acrior,

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 67

Famity CONIDE.

This family, being chiefly composed of littoral or comparatively shallow
water forms, is hardly represented in the Blake collections. A clean-up of a
number of dead shells obtained in various places affords some notes of interest.

Genus CONUS Lyne.
Conus Mazei Dersnayes.

C. Mazei Deshayes, Journ. de Conchyl., XXII. p. 64, pl. i. fig. 1, 1874. Tryon, Man.,
Conus, p. 39, pl. ii. fig. 10 (bad), 1884.
2 C. gracilis Sowerby, P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 125, pl. xxiv. fig. 6.

Station 262, 92 fms., Grenada, bottom of coral and shells; Barbados, 100
fms.; Station 132, 115 fms., Santa ny bottom rock and posts! shells, bottom
temperature 65° F.

This remarkable cone, recalling in its normal painting Scaphella Junonia, as
observed by Deshayes, was not obtained by the Blake in perfect condition
except for a few young specimens; broken specimens, however, nearly as large
as the figured type, are included in the collection, and afford the following
observations.

The middle surface of the species is not always, nor it would seem gener-
ally, smooth as in the type. None of the Blake specimens are smooth. All
are strongly and rather uniformly sulcate all over; the revolving ribs flat and
smooth, broadest in the middle of the whorl, while the narrower sulcations are
prettily reticulated by raised, close transverse threads, The nucleus is small,
smooth, glassy, and rather loosely coiled, in: three turns.

The nine revolving series of squarish brown spots may be faint, or even ab-
sent. There may exist with them a series of three obscure pale bands begin-
ning at the carina, and alternating with clondy brownish bands with the color
more or less distributed in the shape of ill-defined transverse narrow flam-
mules. The spots may be superposed on this, or absent. It may also be
nearly uniform brown with whitish spots. The anterior end of the columella
may also be of a darkish brown. The width varies in proportion to the length.
The young shells are proportionately wider. The nearest relative of C. Mazer
appears to be C. Orbignyt Audouin (planicostatus Sowerby), which apparently
differs from the above mentioned banded variety, chiefly in being wider.
Sowerby’s C. gracilis may perhaps be an unusually brown specimen, though
of this I am not confident.

Conus cedonulli Lamarck.

C. cedonulli Lamarck, Reeve, Conch. Icon, Conus, pl. ix. fig. 46 f.

Two small specimens from Barbados; Station 290, in 73 fms., coarse coral
bottom, temperature at the bottom 71° F.

68 BULLETIN OF THE

Conus proteus Hwass.

C. proteus Hwass (1791), Tryon, Man. Conus, p. 12.

C. spurius Auct. as of Gmelin.

C. leoninus Hwass, 1791.

C. ochraceus Lam., + C. breviculus Sow., + C. armillatus C. B. Adams, fide Tryon, l.c.

One small specimen, painted almost exactly like Scaphella Junonia and hardly
to be recognized as identical with the adult, except by comparison with a
series, was obtained on the west coast of Florida in 19 fms.

Conus Pealii GREEN.

Conus Pealii Green, Trans. Alb. Inst., I. p. 128, pl. iii. fig. 5, 18830; Thes. Conch.,
figs. 398, 394.

Conus Stearnsii Conrad, Am. Journ. Conch., V. p. 104, pl. x. fig. 1, 1869.

Conus candidus Kiener, Coq. Viv., tab. xcvii. fig. 1, fide Tryon, l. c.

This shell has been confounded with C. floridanus Gabb by Sowerby, and
by many collectors. It is not rare on the west coast of Florida and the Keys.
It prefers grassy ground in shallow water. Of late years it has been found by
Jewett, Stearns, Velie, and others. Mr. Conrad redescribed it in ignorance of
Green’s paper on American cones.

Conus Pealit is generally about three quarters of an inch in length, the
breadth, at the sharply keeled shoulder, less than half the length; smooth be-
hind, grooved on the anterior half; with gradate, slightly excavated or chan-
nelled spire, marked only by arched lines of growth; livid gray color, with
chestnut blotches, the sides articulated with numerous narrow fillets of brown
and white, the brown spots always smaller, sometimes obsolete, the white
sometimes merely translucent, brightest on the keel; the interior of the mouth
white and dark brown; epidermis smooth and extremely thin, the sides nearly
right lines, the middle of the outer lip arched forward.

C. Pealii was not collected by the Blake, but I have introduced a notice
of it here on account of its relation to some of the other species mentioned, and
because it has been so generally misunderstood.

Conus Agassizii Datu.
Plate IX. Figs. 8, 8a.

Conus Agassizii Dall, Report on Moll. Blake, Part i. pl. ix. figs. 8, 8a, and expl. to
plate, Sept., 1886.

This shell was at first thought to be a transitional form, uniting C. pygmceus
Reeve and C. Pealit, as the younger specimens first studied lent themselves to
such a conclusion. The receipt of a large specimen collected at Bermuda
(45 X 23 mm.) shows that this idea was incorrect, and that it is distinct from
either of them.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 69

The adult is elegantly spindle-shaped, falling in a little toward the keel
which is more or less regularly minutely dotted with reddish brown at rather
long intervals. The suture is very distinct, almost channelled. The spire is
without revolving sculpture, the sinus deeply concavely arched. There are
about seven strong grooves in the adult anteriorly. The very young (fig. 8 a)
is deeply grooved all over, as in C. verrucosus. In the adolescent shell the
epidermis is thin, and nearly smooth ; it is a little rougher but still thin in the
adult. The former has a somewhat waxen translucency, the adult is porcella-
nous. The young is waxen white with faint pink cloudy suffusion and yel-
lowish ill-defined brown patches. These colors are faint at all ages and form
no definite pattern, except the dots on the keel.

In the young, by transmitted light, it can be seen that there are articulated
lines of opaque and more translucent character, but these have hardly any color
and are lost in the adult state. The interior of the aperture is white or nearly
so, the mouth is rather wide, the apex of the spire neatly pointed. The adult
has about ten whorls, with a total length of 45.0, and a maximum width of
23.0 mm. The spire rises 10.0 mm. behind the aperture.

Specimens were dredged by the Blake at Station 132, in 115 fms., near
Santa Cruz Island, and in 76 fms. at Station 272, Barbados. It is also found
at Bermuda, where Prof. G. Brown Goode obtained a large specimen, and
others have since been collected by Prof. A. Heilprin of Philadelphia.

Conus Villepinii Fiscuer & Bernarpt.
C. Villepinit F. & B., Journ. de Conchyl., V. p. 292, t. ix. fig. 12, 1857.

Station 167, 175 fms., sand, Guadalupe, bottom temperature 55° F. Several
small specimens apparently of this species, one or two of which were fresh. The
type came from the islet of Marie-Galante near Guadalupe. This species has
also been dredged by the U.S. Fish Commission on Little Bahama Bank in
338 fms., at Station 2655. It is very close to and possibly identical with
C. Cleryi Reeve, which came from the northern shores of Brazil.

Conus daucus Hwass.
C. daucus Hwass, Encycl. Meth. Vers, I., Part ii. p. 651, 1791.

One or two dead specimens of the variety C. Reevet Kiener, from Station 272,
76 fms., coarse sand, Barbados.

Conus centurio Bory.
C. centurio Born, Mus., pl. vii. fig. 10, 1780.

A specimen from Station 127, 38 fms., sand, Santa Cruz island, is identified
as belonging to this species by Mr. G. W. Tryon, Jr. It is a young shell, and

70 BULLETIN OF THE

might perhaps be referred with equal probability to C. flavescens Gray. Bottom
temperature, where found, 77° F.

Conus centurio is however found in the Antilles and Gulf of Mexico. A
specimen was collected by the U.S. Fish Commission at Station 23738, in 25
fms., between the mouth of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida.

Conus flavescens Gray.

C. flavescens Gray, Sow., Conch. IIl., fig. 68, 1841; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Conus, pl.
xxx. fig 168, 1843.

Specimens agreeing with the above figures have been received from Governor
Rawson and two other sources, from the Bahamas; though Tryon in his mono-
graph queries Ceylon and Australia for the species. Young specimens are
extremely variable in painting, but generally with a central more or less well
defined paler band ornamented with a few brown blotches or dots. One is pure
white with a faint purplish tinge at the anterior end of the shell. The epider-
mis is thin, nearly smooth, translucent. Such young shells were collected by
the Blake at Santa Cruz, Station 132, 115 fms., hard bottom; Grenada, Sta-
tion 247, 170 fms. ooze; and Barbados, Station 290, 73 fms., coral; bottom
temperature 54-71° F. ‘Some of them were quite fresh, and though not con-
taining the animal when received by me, looked as if they might have been
living when collected. Reeve’s figure of C. magellanicus Hwass looks very
much like some of these young shells.

Among the species which are definitely known to inhabit the Floridian re-
gion and Antilles and not previously mentioned here, are the numerous vari-
eties of C. pygmeus Reeve, one of which has been named C. Melvilli by the
late Mr. Sowerby. C. columba Brug., C. pusio Lam., and C. papillosus Kiener
probably belong hereabouts.

Conus floridanus Gabb was named floridensis by Mr. Sowerby, who mixed
it up with C. Pealiit. C. verrucosus and C. mus are among the commoner
Antillean species, and I have, from various parts of this region, C. nebulosus
Sol., which indulges in some extraordinary variations, C. achatinus Lam., and,
most interesting of all, Conus Delesserti Recluz, from a variety of stations.
This last is a Red Sea species, closely related to C. centurio as is C. daucus
to C. flavescens. .

A beautiful species with very much the color of roseo-tinctus Sowerby, but
with the form and size of subcarinatus Sowerby (see Thes. Conch. Conus, pl.
xxv. figs 604 and 615), the dark streaks longer and darker than in roseo-tinctus
and always followed by an equivalent pale area, a thickish epidermis, and the
top of the whorls excavated and striated, was dredged in 27 fms., near the
coast of Yucatan, by the Fish Commission, and has been named by me Conus
amphiurgus.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, 71

Famity PLEUROTOMIDZE.

The species of this family are, as is well known, extremely numerous; and
of a majority, the operculum, if present, and the soft parts are unknown, A
thorough review of the family, recent and fossil, would be a work of some
years, well worth doing, but impossible for the writer at the present time.
Much has been done toward bringing together the material by Tryon, Bellardi,
Weinkauff, and others, while the arrangement of the subordinate groups adopted
by Dr. Panl Fischer in his Manual is by far the best we have. It will, practi-
cally, be followed here, with some trifling deviations; but as the shells with
which I have to do have for the most part no traces of the soft parts, I shall
neglect for the time the subordinate divisions, into which a reference would be
a merely tentative character. As in other cases, I shall not adopt names which
appear in the works of authors anterior to, or who did not adopt the binominal
nomenclature of Linnzeus; and when a name is of reasonably euphonious con-
struction and Latinity of form I cannot follow those who, after many years of
usage, would modify it into conformity with an arbitrary standard of classical
purity. A self-evident misprint or an error of spelling in a proper name
which has not become fixed by usage may be corrected, but the essential prin-
ciple of nomenclature. is to have a fixed name for an object, and this principle
should not be violated for slight cause. It is much more important that names
should be permanent, than that they should be elegant, of pure Latinity, or of
applicable meaning.

It is highly probable that, when the eight or nine hundred species of Pleuro-
tomide known from the Tertiaries of Europe are compared, a number of the
recent species about to be described will be found represented. But even the
best figures are not satisfactory for critical comparison, and the last great work
of Bellardi is not accessible to me; so that the final correlation of the recent
and fossil forms will not be attempted here, though such comparisons as are
practicable, especially with the Antillean Tertiary fauna, have been carefully
made.

It is somewhat curious that in the until recently three most available manu-
als, Woodward, H. & A. Adams, and Chenu, under the head of Pleurotomide
no references are made to the office or function of the “notch,” and in each
case there is said to be a “slit” in the mantle behind. In Woodward alone is
the anal or excurrent function of the posterior sinus alluded to, and by him
only in general terms, while the Pleurotomide are not mentioned in his list of
examples. It is now known, that in the Fissurellide, the Pleurotomariide, the
Pleurotomide, and numerous other groups of Gasteropods, the anterior sinus
when it exists, aided by an extensile fold of the mantle (siphon), forms the
channel of water to the gills, while the secondary or posterior sinus serves as a
sluice for the ejection of water (after it has passed over the gills) and the renal
and intestinal excretions. In this way pollution of the inward current to the
gills is avoided. In very few species of Pleurotomide is there anything which

i, BULLETIN OF THE

can properly be called a “slit” in the mantle. There is a sinuosity of the
elastic border of the mantle, which often disappears after death or immersion in
alcohol, The long clavate penis of the male lies nearly under the sinus in
most species, and the existence of the sinus may facilitate copulation, but this is
still somewhat doubtful.

The band left on the outer surface by the curves of the lines of growth
across the sinus has frequently to be referred to in descriptions, and some term
has been needed which shall, without too much circumlocution, serve to in-
dicate this feature, which occurs in so many molluscan shells. I have else-
where proposed to use for the purpose the term “ anal fasciole,” which I trust
may prove as convenient as the term “ siphonal fasciole,” introduced some
years since by Gill, has been for a similar feature on the outer side of the canal
in many Gasteropods. This term “anal fasciole” for the band or trace behind
the notch has been approved by Dr. Paul Fischer and other experts, and will
be used when necessary throughout this Report.

Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.
Subgenus PLEUROTOMA s. s.
Pleurotoma albida Perry.

Pleurotoma albida Perry, Conchology, expl. pl. xxxii. fig. 4, 1811.

Pleurotoma virgo Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VII. p. 94, 1822; ed. Deshayes, IX. p.
350, 1843; Tryon, Man., VI. p. 168.

Buccinum sinuatum Martyn, Univ. Conch., pl. xciv. right-hand figure, 1789 (not of
Born).

Turris candida Humphreys, Mus. Calonnianum, p. 34, 1797 (fide Dillwyn).

Murex tornatus Dillwyn, Cat. Shells, II. p. 715, 1822, ex parte.

Murex virgo Wood, Index Test. Murex, No. 63, pl. xxvi., 1818.

Pleurotoma haitensis Sowerby, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., VI. p. 50, 1849.

Pleurotoma virgo Moore, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., IX. pp. 129, 180, 1853.

Pleurotoma Barretti Guppy, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XXII. p. 290, pl. xvii. fig. 6
(bonum), 1866.

Pleurotoma antillarum Crosse, Journ. de Conchyl., XIII. p. 34, pl. i. fig. 8, 1865, not
of Orbigny (young shell).

Pleurotoma Jelskii Crosse, op. cit., p. 38, pl. i. figs. 6, 7, 1865 (var. young).

Turris virgo Gabb, Santo Domingo, p. 205, 1873.

Habitat. Off Sombrero, in 54-70 fms. ; off Havana, in 250 fms.; Barbados,
100 fms.; Station 36, Gulf of Mexico, in 84 fms.; Station 132, near Santa Cruz,
in 115 fms.; Station 167, in 175 fms., mud, near Santa Cruz; Station 206, off
Martinique, in 170 fms.; Station 262, near Grenada, in 92 fms. Also at U.S.
Fish Commission Station 2120, in 73 fms., mud, off Grenada; Station 2414,
living, in 26 fins., sand, between Tampa Bay and Dry Tortugas. P. albida var.
tellea at Stations 2402 and 2404, in 60-111 fms., mud and sand, between the
delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 73

This shell was first named by Martyn, but his name under the system then
prevailing was preoccupied. Humphreys’s name was unidentifiable, except by
Dillwyn, who saw the specimens, and he gave neither description, figure, nor
reference, but was the first to mention the West Indies as its true habitat.
Perry names it, and gives a description and a better figure than that in Reeve’s
Iconica, but a wrong habitat. His name should be adopted. Wood’s specific
name of virgo, adopted by Lamarck, is seven years later in date. The best
figure, singularly enough, is that of Guppy, who figures it from the Tertiary of
Hayti.

The species probably lives between the 100 fm. line and the shore. All the
specimens above cited from deeper water were dead, and probably disgorged by
fishes. The only living ones I have seen were dredged in 26 fms. by the Fish
Commission. The operculum is much like that of Conus, long, narrow, strong
and thick, rounded behind, pointed in front, with an impressed line running its
length parallel with and nearer the right side, which is straighter than the left
margin. The nucleus is apical, the area of attachment covers nearly the whole
operculum, having a smooth narrow raised border around an impressed space
concentrically granosely sculptured. On the right side the raised margin is
very narrow. The shell reaches a length of 105 mm. or more, and the typical
form has sharp-edged strong spirals, a narrow, flat anal fasciole more prominent
than any of the spirals, faint transverse sculpture, and a thick pillar with a ten-
dency to become umbilicated. The young shells described by M. Crosse look
very different, and only after comparison of many specimens was I able to con-
vince myself that Gabb and Tryon were right in regarding them as synonyms,
The shell is always of a pure yellowish white, without markings, though the
apex of the very young is sometimes tinged with reddish brown. The nucleus
is inflated, glassy, translucent, of two whorls, which are smooth, then become
marked with semilunar riblets which pass into a tubercular keel at the periph-
ery which becomes smooth, sharp, and takes the normal character very soon.

Pleurotoma albida var. tellea Dat.

This form differs from the normal in having the revolving sculpture fainter
and more uniform, the transverse sculpture much stronger and more elevated,
giving a finely reticulated appearance to the surface. The anal notch is more
shallow, the canal more slender, usually without any umbilical chink. The
shell reaches a length of over 100 mm. with a maximum diameter of 26.5 mm.

Pleurotoma (albida var.?) vibex Dat.

Shell resembling in a general way the young of P. albida of the same size ;
the nucleus is the same, the spiral sculpture resembles that of P. albida but is
flat-topped instead of sharp; the transverse sculpture is less prominent, the
spirals somewhat more numerous; the chief character which strikes one on
comparing the P. vibex with P. albida is that the shell is surrounded with

74 BULLETIN OF THE

bands of olive-green color, polished, narrow and resident in the epidermis, but
visible through the translucent shell in the aperture. These bands sometimes
fill the spiral channels; sometimes there are two olive bands separated by a
pale one between two of the elevated spirals; sometimes the flat tops of the
spirals are thus colored; in general there will be about ten of these olive stripes
on the last whorl. They extend only over the whorl, the pillar from its
junction with the body is destitute of them, and, when fresh, is of a delicate
rose color, which is apt to fade. This white or rosy rostrum contrasts vividly
with the striped body and spire. Lon. of shell, 19.0; of spire, 8.5; of white
rostrum, 8.75; max. lat. of shell, 4.75 mm.

Habitat. Off Havana in 80-127 fms., Sigsbee; Station 143, off Saba Bank,
in 150 fms., bottom temperature 63°.2 F.

This may be, as Mr. Tryon claimed when it was shown him, a variety of
P. albida, but I incline to the belief that it is a good species.

Pleurotoma periscelida DALL.

Plate XXXII. Fig. 2.

Shell stout, fusiform; covered with a straw-colored epidermis; elaborately
sculptured; ten whorled, exclusive of the nucleus; spiral sculpture consisting
of (1) a cord at first rounded and irregularly constricted at short intervals,
later flattened with numerous transverse waves and indentations; this band be-
comes gradually wider, has two small grooves along its center, and at the sides,
especially the sutural side, it overhangs the channels on each side of it; from
the first this band conceals the suture, toward the end of the last whorl it be-
comes less prominent and descends slightly; (2) a broad elevated band grooved
centrally and covered with twin nodules in pairs one above the other, which
on the later whorls are somewhat reniform; this band represents the fasciole
or pathway of the square-cut anal notch; (3) in the channel between the two
last are two small, elevated, rounded nodulous cords; (4) in front of the fas-
ciole and on the base of the last whorl are four or five strong spirals, and be-
tween these and in front of them on the canal are numerous smaller ones, all
crossed and roughened by the transverse ridges of growth; one or two of these
spirals are visible on the whorl before the last, the earlier ones not showing
any of the basal spirals; transverse sculpture of coarse elevated incremental
lines more or less visible over the whole shell; aperture rather wide, canal
narrow and slightly curved ; outer lip with a deep notch squared at the bottom,
then strongly arched forward, later contracted for the canal; margin simple,
sharp; inner lip white, smooth, simple, slightly excavated ; inside the outer lip
are six or eight strong lire falling short of the margin; pillar nearly straight,
attenuated and twisted in front, making the end of the canal flare a little; there
is no umbilical trace. Lon. of shell, 40.5; of last whorl, 27.0; of aperture, 22.5;
max. lat. of shell, 15.0 mm. Nucleus defective in the specimens.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2148, living in 155 fms., mud, near

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 75

Monosquillo. Station 2601, in 107 fms., sand, off Hatteras, N. Carolina, dead
and worn.

This species is one of the most remarkable and elegant of any from the
deeper waters. It belongs to the group of which P. speciosa Reeve forms a
member, by its sculpture, though whether the nucleus would agree with that
species is uncertain, At present our judgment on such subdivisions as Gemmula
Weinkauff, founded on nuclear characters, must be held suspended; so far as
our knowledge goes, nuclear characters have little absolute systematic value in
this group, and their relative value remains to be determined.

Subgenus LEUCOSYRINX Dat.

Shell white or pale without color pattern; thin; the anal notch behind the
periphery or at the suture; sculpture delicate, of spiral keels or threads and
often oblique riblets on the shoulder of the whorls; peripheral keel if pres-
ent not recurved; operculum thin, nucleus apical, scar of attachment small;
larval shell glassy, rounded or keeled; other shell characters as in Plewrotoma.
Type Pleurotomella Verrillit Dall.

This group is intended to contain the operculated species of Pleurotomide
which are so characteristic of the archibenthal region. They are distinctly
contrasted with the coarse, spotted or maculated shallow-water species of Pleu-
roma proper, by their thin, white, delicately sculptured shells ; they are apart
from Drillia by having no subtubular projection of the anal notch when adult
and no thick varix to mark their maturity; they are separable from the archi-
benthal Drillias also by their larger shells, longer canal, and more inflated
habit. The anal notch is generally wider, more rounded and nearer the suture
than in the typical Pleuwrotoma, and the operculum proportionally wider and
more delicate.

Leucosyrinx Verrillii Datt.

Plate X. Fig. 5.
Pleurotoma (Pleurotomeila) Verrillii Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 57, August, 1881.

Habitat. Station 41, 860 fms. ; Station 173, living in 734 fms., ooze, off
Guadalupe, bottom temperature 40° F. ; Station 46, latitude 25° 43’ N., longi-
tude 84° 47’ W., in the Gulf of Mexico, in 888 fms., ooze. Also at U. S. Fish
Commission Stations 2623 a, 2626, and 2628, 25 to 100 miles off Cape Fear,
North Carolina, in 150 to 528 fms., ooze, temperature 39° to 45° F.; Stations
2677 and 2678, off Cape Fear, in 478 and 731 fms., ooze, temperature about 39° ;
and Station 2384, in 940 fms., mud, Gulf of Mexico, between the Mississippi
delta and Cedar Keys.

This fine species appears not to have been found by the Challenger, or north
of Cape Hatteras. It is distinguished among several allied forms by the dis-
tinct fine even threads on the fasciole, the form and number of its riblets, and
the absence of any pre-sutural wrinkles or coronating band.

76 BULLETIN OF THE

Leucosyrinx Sigsbeei Datt.

Plate XI. Fig. 10.

Pleurotoma (Pleurotomella?) Sigsbeet Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., 1X. p. 57, August, 1881.

Habitat. Station 33, 1568 fms., Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. (young), Station
236, off Bequia, living in 1591 fms., ooze, bottom temperature 39°.0 F.

The differences between this and the last species were noted in the original
description. Both species have moderately small subglobular glassy inflated
nuclei, not large enough to give a mamillary look to the apex, but larger than
in the average Pleurotoma. In both, the fine spiral threads cover the whole
fasciole and there is no coronet in front of the suture.

Leucosyrinx tenoceras 1. s.

Plate XXXVI, Fig. 5.

Shell long, very slender, the aperture longer than the spire behind it ; white
or ashy, the nucleus yellowish, subglobular, glassy, smooth ; whorls ten, beside
the nucleus ; suture appressed, a coronet of short, elevated, backward pointing
wrinkles marginating the whorl in front of it; fasciole wide, with obsolete
sculpture or smooth, polished, very sloping, subconcave ; shoulder of the
whorl angulated, ornamented (on the whorl before the last) with about four-
teen nodular riblets ; these riblets on the early whorls are short, stout, and
very prominent, later they become more slender and oblique, and on the last
whorl tend to become obsolete entirely ; the whole shell except the fasciole is
covered with fine flattened threads, not prominent, and often wavy or obliquely
directed from irregularities of growth ; aperture long, rather narrow ; canal
narrow, long, flaring a little at the end ; outer lip thin, simple, broadly arched
forward, with no internal lire ; notch deep, very wide, extending from the
suture to the shoulder; pillar lip slightly excavated, white, smooth; pillar
straight, attenuated in front; whorls moderately full, having a drawn-out
appearance; operculum thin, pear-shaped, acutely pointed, with a thin mar-
ginal rib ; pale horn-color. Lon. of shell, 60.0 ; of last whorl, 40.0 ; of aperture,
33.0; max. lat. of shell, 14.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 161, near Guadalupe, in 583 fms., sand, temperature 41°.0.
Station 265, near Grenada, in 576 fms., ooze, temperature about 40°.0. Also
at U.S. Fish Commission Station 2392, in 724 fms., mud, Gulf of Mexico
between the Mississippi delta and Cedar Keys, Florida, temperature 40°.7 ;
and Station 2677, off Cape Fear, North Carolina, in 478 fms., mud, temperature
39°.3 F.

This is more slender than either of the preceding species, and has a smoother
and always coronated fasciole, which rarely shows spiral sculpture.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. V4

Leucosyrinx subgrundifera Dat.

Plate XXXVIII. Fig. 1.

Pleurotoma subgrundifera Dall, in Agassiz, Three Cruises of the Blake, II. p. 66, fig.
283, 1888.

Shell fusiform with an acute spire, nine whorls, and a globular brownish,
shining, smooth nucleus of about two whorls ; shell with a polished surface
over a straw-colored very thin outer layer, the only transverse sculpture being
due to the faint incremental lines and irregularities of growth ; spiral sculp-
ture of an extremely sharp and wide keel nearer to the suture in front than to
the one behind, and in some cases having its edge actually curved forward and
overhanging ; the margin of the keel is smooth and a little rounded; it is
fainter on the last whorl of the adult ; in front of the keel on the base is a
slight angulation or hardly elevated thread on which the suture coils; in front
of this are some faint spiral markings, hardly breaking the smoothness of the
surface ; suture distinct ; aperture narrow ; notch deep, wide, extending from
the suture nearly to the edge of the keel ; outer lip thin, arched forward, not
internally lirate ; pillar lip slightly excavated, white, smooth; pillar straight,
attenuated in front, canal narrow, straight, shallow; base moderately rounded
in the adult, flattish in the young; operculum as in L. tenoceras. Lon. of
shell, 30.0 ; of last whorl, 20.3; of aperture, 17.0; max. lat. of shell, 11.0 mm.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, a fragment in 640 fms. U. 8. Fish Commission
Station 2384, Gulf of Mexico, in 940 fms., mud, between the delta of the Mis-
sissippi and Cedar Keys, Florida; and Station 2628, in 528 fms., sand, 100
miles 8. E. by S. from Cape Fear, North Carolina ; temperatures 38°.7 and
39°.6 F.

Some specimens of this singular shell look like a lot of successively smaller
umbrellas, one over another.

None of the Challenger species approach this one. The Surcula staminea
and S. gonioides of Watson are carinated, but the keel is far less pronounced
than in the present species, and they do not appear to have that curious chalky
outer layer like a coat of whitewash varnished, which is so peculiar in L. sub-
grundifera. In the last there is some variation in the strength of the basal
spirals, but in none of them do the latter rise much above the surface.

Subgenus ANCISTROSYRINX Dat.

Ancistrosyrinx Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 58, Aug. 12, 1881.
Candelabrum Dall, 1878, non Blainville, 1830.
2 Columbarium sp. Tryon, non Von Martens.

This very elegant section of the family extends from the Eocene, where it
has been found at Jackson, Mississippi, and probably in Europe, to the exist-
ing fauna. The only species which may perhaps be referred to it that was
known before the writer called attention to it is Plewrotoma cedonulli Reeve,

78 BULLETIN OF THE

from’ Panama. It is impossible to determine with certainty from Reeve’s
figure whether his species is a true Ancistrosyrinx or not, but it looks like
one, and he expressly states that the apex is sharp and the sinus large, which
would exclude it from Columbarium, to which Tryon referred it.* The latter
even considered it a synonym of the Chinese C. pagoda Lesson, which has a
bulbous nucleus and no sinus. A species from the Eocene of Dry Creek,
Jackson, Mississippi, was described by Mr. T. H. Aldrich in 1886; it is dis-
tinct from the recent forms, with which I compared it, having a different sculp-
ture about the sinus, and was named Pleurotoma (Ancistrosyrinz) columbaria by
Mr. Aldrich. The figures of P. calliope Brocchi and P. controversa Jan from
the Italian Tertiaries recall this group, but, if they are strictly to be relied
upon, the resemblance is superficial and consists chiefly in the dentate carina.
Nothing referable to this group was obtained by the Challenger.

Ancistrosyrinx elegans Dat.
Plate XXXVIII. Fig. 3.

Ancistrosyrinx elegans Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 54, 1881. Agassiz, Three Cruises
of the Blake, II. p. 66, fig. 282, 1888.

Habitat. Florida Reefs, Pourtales, 1870. Station 2, 805 fms., four miles
from Havana, Agassiz, 1877-78.

In this species the anterior part of the whorls is covered with granulose
spirals, one more prominent than the rest in front of which the suture coils.
The sinus is comparatively short with a polished flat fasciole bounded outside
by an elevated strongly undulate keel, between which and the outer keel is
a narrow deep sulcus witha row of faint nodules at the bottom. The spines
are very small and curved toward the apex, the nucleus brownish, glassy, and
unicarinate. There are indications of very faint axially directed flammules of
pale yellow on the white surface.

Ancistrosyrinx radiata n.s.

Plate XII. Fig. 12. '

Shell irregularly clouded with pale brown and white, or of a diffuse very
pale brown; nucleus of two whorls, the first very small, rounded, obliquely set
and partly immersed, arousing on casual inspection the unfounded suspicion
that it is sinistral; apex sharp, the subsequent whorls (nine or ten) at first
with a sharp dentate peripheral keel, which afterward becomes spinous and
more or less posteriorly directed; spiral sculpture anteriorly of numerous rather
widely separated fine threads, not granulose, but passing over rather coarse lines
of growth and less crowded near the keel; carina with, on the tenth whorl,

* Since the above was written I have examined Reeve’s type In the British
Museum, and it proves to be a species of Ancistrosyrinz, but different from the East

American forms.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 79

about twenty-six sharp short subtriangular spines more or less upturned; half-
way between the keel and the carina is an elevated second keel, not undulate
or dentate but much higher than in A, elegans ; behind this is the sinus, which
is indented about one eighth of a turn; the fasciole is concave; transverse
sculpture of rather coarse prominent lines of growth which are often strongly
marked; aperture narrow, elongate, notched for the sinus, the canal, and the
carina; canal long, narrow, rather open, slightly curved at the tip; base of
shell subconic, hardly rounded, whole surface of the shell having a polished
appearance like barley-sugar candy. Lon. of shell, 18.0; of last whorl, 12.5;
from the carina to the anterior end of the canal, 10.0; max. lat. of shell, 8.0; of
aperture, 3.0 mm,

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.; Station 132, in 115 fms., rocky bottom,
off Santa Cruz; Station 143, in 150 fms., off Saba Bank; Station 220, in 116
fms., rocky bottom, off Santa Lucia; Station 206, in 170 fms., near Martinique,
on a bottom of fine sand; Station 273, in 103 fms., coral, off Barbados; Station
290 (living), in 73 fms., coral, bottom temperature about 71° F.; Stations 296,
297, and 299, off Barbados, in 84-140 fms., hard or coral bottom. The Fish
Commission obtained it in the Gulf of Mexico, between the delta of the Mis-
sissippi and Cedar Keys (lead), at Station 2373, in 25 fms., coral; and at Sta-
tion 2646 (fresh), in 85 fins., sand, off Cape Florida.

The soft parts of this species are whitish or pale straw-color. The tentacles
are small, the eyes large and black. The operculum, thin and yellow, resem-
bles that of Drillia. The sides of the foot are plain, the gills as usual. The
single living specimen, very small, was so far retracted that the shell had to be
wholly sacrificed to get him out unlacerated. It was a male with a verge of pro-
portionally enormous size set on the right side behind the head, smooth, some-
what sigmoid, with an oval tip, without any appendix, and slightly flattened.

This shell was at first confounded with A. elegans, but a comparison shows
them to be perfectly distinct, the sculpture being entirely different. The pres-
ent species, though not so slender, is more like A. cedonulli, Reeve, than is the
A. elegans, the latter in several respects being nearer to the fossil species from
the Mississippi Eocene.

Subgenus GENOTA H. & A. Apams.

Genota mitrella Datt.
Plate XII. Fig. 5.

Pleurotoma (Genota) mitrella Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 56, Aug. 12, 1881.
Pleurotoma (Genota) didyma Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XV. p. 404, Sept. 29, 1881;
Chall. Gastr., p. 299, pl. xxii. fig. 5, 1885.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.; off Sombrero, in 450 fms., ooze, Chal-
lenger Expedition.

No further specimens of this species have been found. It is referred to
Genota on purely conchological grounds,

80 BULLETIN OF THE

Section DOLICHOTOMA Bettarp1.
Type, Pleurotoma cataphracta Brocchi.

The folds with which this species is credited are merely the projecting
margin of the pillar, and an obscure thickening, hardly to be compared to a
true plait.

Genota viabrunnea n.s.
Plate XIII. Fig. 2.

Shell solid, fusiform; with a smooth, brown, two-and-a-half-whorled vitre-
ous nucleus, the last whorl of which has semilunar riblets; and eight slightly
turrited whorls; spire short, conical, rather pointed; the early whorls deli-
cately sculptured, the last two rather rude; the aperture longer than half the
shell. Transverse sculpture in the earlier whorls (which are pure white) con-
sisting of rather crowded flutings depending transversely forward from the
sutural margin for a third of the width of the (visible) whorl, which then swells
outward, marked by strong growth lines, to a series of peripheral angular
nodulations which mark the course of the anal fasciole; on the fourth, fifth,
and sixth whorls, counting from the nucleus, the flutings are more regular and
elegant than in the earlier or subsequent turns, on the fifth and sixth they as
well as the growth lines are elegantly granulose or marked with small round
nodes, the resultant of transverse and spiral sculpture; the peripheral nodula-
tions also become more transverse and divided into three smaller nodules each,
from the same cause; on the seventh and eighth whorls the lines of growth be-
come more rude, the flutings and nodulation gradually vanish, and the sculpture
is reduced to obscure spiral ridges, finer and more uniform on and behind the
fasciole, and coarser, with a certain alternation of larger and smaller in size, be-
fore the fasciole; the last three and a half whorls take on a warm brownish tint,
the fasciole being a still darker and somewhat livid madder brown; the later
spiral ridges are also often somewhat darker than their interspaces. Aperture
narrow, canal short, broad, slightly recurved; outer lip produced in advance
of the sjnus, thin, simple, sharp; body polished, slightly excavated; column
slightly twisted, swollen, white, smooth, attenuated in front, with no callus, as
long as the canal; suture distinct, appressed, posterior surface of the whorls
behind the fasciole somewhat concave. Lon. of shell, 38.00; of aperture, 22.00;
max. lat. of shell, 16.5; of aperture, 6.5 mm.

Habitat. Off Martinique, at Station 211, in 357 fms., fine yellow sand, liv-
ing; and near Barbados, at Station 295, in 180 fms., hard bottom; bottom
temperature 50°.7 F. Also south of Cuba, in 254 fms., coral, at U. S. Fish
Commission Station 2134.

This fine shell is of unusual solidity and warm coloration for a deep-water
species. None of the specimens showed any indications of thickening or
striation of the aperture. Like many others, in the present unsettled state of
the classification of the Plewrotomide, its final place is somewhat uncertain, but

January 26, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 81

conchologically it belongs with Genota as defined by Dr. Paul Fischer in his
invaluable Manual.

The shell is closely allied to Pleuwrotoma cataphracta Brocchi, of the Miocene
of the Paris and Vienna Basins. Though the sculpture differs in detail, and
the fossil is more turrited, beside being sharply strongly internally lirate, the
G. viabrunnea may be regarded as the descendant of the fossil in a more or less
direct line. The several varieties even, so beautifully figured by Hoernes in
his monograph of the Vienna Tertiary mollusks, are reproduced in the recent
form. Among the five specimens I have seen there is a variation as to the
sculpture which would divide them into two groups, just as Brocchi originally
divided his Murex cataphracta. One has the spiral sculpture elegantly alter-
nated, a stout thread and a slender one, all over the body, and all the threads
minutely and prettily granulated. The other has the spiral sculpture ill-
defined, sparser, rude, and obsolete, that on the base showing no granulations
whatever.

Soft parts. The foot is double-edged in front, rounded at the corners and
behind. It is nearly smooth, and like all the rest of the integument is yellow-
ish white (in alcohol). The tentacles are rather long, cylindrical, stout, and
not very pointed. ‘I'he eyes are small, black, situated one third of the way
from the base toward the tips of the tentacles. The verge is very large, re-
curved, flattened cylindrical, bluntly pointed; gills two, the lamelle rather
short, the organs themselves rather long and of a dark greenish color. The
operculum normally is as in Leucosyrinz, thin, horny, elongated, pointed at
the anterior end, which is the nucleus. The scar of attachment is large and
curiously concentrically engraved, recalling the opercular scar in Purpura,
though not rotary-concentric as that is.

In the Fish Commission specimens the operculum in each of three specimens
was abnormal, being more or less truly concentric and smaller than it should
have been. I suppose these specimens had lost the original operculum, and
the subsequent product of the gland was deformed, as is known to happen
occasionally in Buccinwm. One of these specimens has a thickening on the
pillar, like a clumsy reminiscence of a plait. I noticed that the upper coils
of the soft parts appeared grooved when extracted, and, cutting into the spire
of the specimen, found that the outer lip must have been internally lirate
when the specimen was young, with some half-dozen obscure lire. One of the
specimens has obsolete lire in the throat. They cannot be seen, but by rub-
bing the interior transversely with the point ofa pin the invisible elevations
can be felt as the pin point crosses them. It is possible that the species may
be regularly lirate when perfectly adult, as in G. cataphracta Brocchi. The
specimens indicate rather that the character referred to has become obsolete
in the species, and only occasionally exists in special individuals.

The dentition I am unfortunately unable to describe. The soft parts within
the mouth strongly recalled those of Bela as figured by Sars (Moll. Reg. Arct.
Norv.); but the gland, which in that genus is supposed to secrete venom and

VOL. XVI.—NO. 38. 6

82 BULLETIN OF THE

which empties close to the radula, here seemed to enter the cesophagus some
distance behind the proboscis, and I could not find any radular sac at the right
side of the proboscis where it should be. On dissolving the whole buccal
apparatus in boiling caustic potash, the residue afforded no trace of any teeth.
Still I do not feel entirely confident that the animal is normally edentulous,
or, if it is, that the gland in question is more than salivary. It would seem
absurd that an edentulous mollusk should have a venom-gland. If it is eden-
tulous, probably it is capable, in the fanged species, of producing a modified
and poisonous secretion, while in others it is merely salivary.

A related species is Genota atractoides Watson, from the Philippines; it is
lighter colored and the details of sculpture are different and stronger than in
our species,

lt will be observed that the soft parts are not like those of Conus. The soft
parts of Adanson’s Genot are not figured by him, nor described except by saying
that they resemble those of the Cones. Unless G. mitriformis Wood, and G.
papalis Reeve, Adams’s types, be different from the present species, it is evident
that Genota can rank only as a subdivision of Plewrotoma, and not as a genus
by itself. If they do differ, the present forms must be separated as a subgenus
of Pleurotoma under Bellardi’s name.

Genus DRILLIA Gray.

The species of this group are so varied in their characters, and yet so closely
connected by intermediate forms, that at present no absolute conclusions as
. to their arrangement can be drawn. I shall for convenience separate those
here treated of into three groups: A, comprising those with rough sculpture,
the spiral sculpture being present and usually emphasized ; B, nearly smooth
species with strong transverse ribs, and usually colored, the spiral sculpture
faint or absent ; and C, white, polished species, without spiral sculpture, and
usually with the spire particularly long in comparison with the rest of the
shell. These are deep-water forms, and shine with a peculiar lustre like rock
candy. This is a character shared by several other groups of deep-water
shells, and undoubtedly appears in response to some unknown factor in the
environment.

Section A. Roughly sculptured species.

Drillia ostrearum STEARNS,

Drillia ostrearum Stearns, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XV. p. 22, 1872. Tryon,
Man., VI. p. 197, pl. xxxiv. fig. 79, 1884.

Habitat. Off Sombrero, in 54-72 fms.; Station 142, Flannagan’s Passage,
in 27 fms.; Station 247, near Grenada, in 170 fms.; Station 272, in 76 fms., off
Barbados. Living, in 15 fms. to low-water mark, from Cape Hatteras to Cape

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 83

Florida, and westward to Cape Catoche, Yucatan, U. 8. Fish Commission, and
other authorities,

The deep-water specimens of this species are all dead, and I believe them to
be adventitious.

Drillia Tryonii n. s.

Shell recalling D. ostrearum, but white, more acutely pointed, smaller, with
a more gibbous varix in the adult, an umbilical chink on the pillar, and a
spirally threaded fasciole instead of a smooth one; shell eight-whorled, with a
smooth nucleus; 16-18 long transverse ribs extending across the whorls, fas-
ciole and all; crossed by numerous (eleven on the last whorl but one) ele-
vated, even, rounded threads, with about equal or wider interspaces ; the
threads are not swollen at the intersections ; suture distinct, the fasciole but
slightly excavated, whorls moderately rounded ; on the last whorl, a quarter
of a turn before the adult aperture is formed, is a prominent swollen rounded
varix, or rib ; aperture short; body callous ; pillar reflected, forming a distinct
pseudo-umbilicus; outer lip thin, not lirate, strongly arched; canal short,
curved, Lon. of shell, 12.0; of last whorl, 7.0; of aperture, 5.2 ; max. lat. of
shell, 4.3 mm.

Habitat. Station 231, near St. Vincent, in 95 fms.; Station 262, near Gre-
nada, in 92 fms.; Station 272, near Barbados, in 76-100 fms.

I regard this as a shallow-water species, adventitious in the above localities.
All the specimens are injured, but from the lot a description was practicable.
These shells, by some error of observation, were returned to me as a variety of
D. ostrearum by Mr. Tryon. They are a well marked and perfectly distinct
form, having only the most general resemblance to D. ostrearum. The average
dimensions of the latter, from the same region, are, lon. of shell, 17.0; of last
whorl, 10.0 ; of aperture, 7.5 ; max. lat. of shell, 7.0 mm.

The nearest relative among the Blake shells to this form is D. albicoma, from
which D. Tryonz will be distinguished by its smaller size, its more numerous
and close-set ribs, and by its strongly differentiated fasciole.

Drillia albicoma n. s.
Plate X. Fig. 8.

Shell solid, slender, acute, pure white, with a simple polished nucleus of a
whorl and a half, followed by nine normal whorls; spiral sculpture of ex-
tremely fine, close-set, regular threads, uniform over the entire surface, but
scarcely visibly developed in the first four whorls, which appear polished to
the naked eye ; the threads on the last whorl are about nine in the breadth ot
a millimeter; transverse sculpture of rather stout, sharp ribs (on the seventh
whorl ten) which extend from suture to suture, with a slight flexuosity near
the suture, but no marked interruption for a fasciole; on the last whorl there
are fourteen of these ribs, beside the large shouldered varix behind the aper-

84 BULLETIN OF THE

ture; they extend well over the periphery of the whorl, and are evanescent
on the canal; other transverse sculpture comprises only fine lines of growth
which are not parallel to but more oblique than the aforesaid ribs, and reticu-
late prettily the spiral threads; whorls but little inflated, having a very regular
taper, slightly appressed at the distinct but not deep suture ; aperture more
than one third as long as the shell, polished within, with a deep broad notch,
slightly in advance of the suture, whose edges are produced and considerably
reflected ; the fasciole is indistinct and little depressed; the outer lip smooth,
in the middle produced, internally somewhat thickened, not lirate ; canal short,
rather broad, somewhat recurved; a broad, not very thick, continuous band of
white callus from the end of the pillar over the body passes into the reflected .
margin of the notch ; pillar slightly curved. Lon. of shell, 25.7 ; of last whorl,
10.6; of aperture, 9.0; lat. of last whorl, 8.0 mm.

Habitat. This shell came to me, labelled Station 36, 84 fms.; that’is, in the
Gulf of Mexico, Lat. 23° 13’ and Lon. 89° 16’ W.; bottom temperature, 60° F.
But the facies of the shell is that of deep, or at least of cooler water, and I sus-
pect some error has occurred. Perhaps it might have remained in the dredge
from the immediately preceding haul from 804 fms.

Fragments have since turned up, in material dredged in 100 fms., at Bar-
bados, by the Hassler expedition. This would tend to confirm the correctness
of the original label. Another fragment was dredged in 101 fms., at Station 45.

The species is very elegant in its slender taper and snowy whiteness.

Drillia ? detecta Datt.
Plate XII. Fig. 11.

Pleurotoma (Drillia) detecta Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 65, August, 1881.

Pleurotoma (Defrancia) circumvoluta Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XV. p. 465, Nov.,
1881.

Clathurella circumvoluta Watson, Rep. Chall. Gastr., p. 357, pl. xxi. fig. 1, 1885.

Habitat. Station 43, in 339 fms., Gulf of Mexico. Off Culebra Island,
in 390 fms., mud, Challenger expedition.

Mr. Watson’s figure represents an immature shell, slightly more slender than
my type of detecta. It is quite likely that he may be right in his generic
reference, as my specimen does not show the Drillia varix, yet its form and
short last whorl seem to me more like that of a Drillia than any other group.
The Blake specimen was dead and lustreless.

Drillia alesidota n. s.

Shell large, slender, ashy brown or light brown, pointed, rudely sculptured,
ten-whorled, with a nucleus of about two whorls, round, small, glassy, smooth
and inflated ; fasciole slightly concave, nearly smooth, very steep, separated

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 85

from the suture by a smoothish space, marginated by a slightly raised thread ;
suture appressed ; spiral sculpture of numerous subequal little elevated re-
volving threads with wider interspaces; they are strongest on the summit
of the riblets, faint in the interspaces; there are about five in front of the
fasciole and between it and the next suture ; they are fainter on the canal ;
transverse sculpture of numerous (on the penultimate whorl 28) narrow,
little elevated, slightly oblique riblets, beginning and strongest at the fasciole,
and passing over the whorl to fade away on the base ; the thin margin of the
suture is sometimes undulated by passing over them ; aperture narrow, long,
notch rounded, not deep; outer lip simple, thin, arched forward, not constricted
for the canal; inner lip simple with a slight callus, thicker at the posterior
angle opposite the notch ; pillar straight, attenuated and somewhat twisted in
front, canal wide, slightly recurved. Max. lon. of shell, 48.0; of last whorl,
26.5; of aperture, 21.0; lat. of shell, 12.0 mm.

Drillia alesidota var. macilenta Dati.

Plate XXXVI. Fig. 1.

Shell more slender, the sculpture more elegant, the spiral element propor-
tionally stronger, existing on the fasciole and canal, as well as over the rest of
the surface. Lon. of shell, 36.5 ; of last whorl, 20.0; of aperture, 15.0 ; lat.
of shell, 8.2 mm.

Habitat of type form. Off Cape Hatteras, N. C., in 63 to 107 fms., sand,
temperature 67°.0 to 75°.0 F., at Stations 2595 and 2601 of the U.S. Fish
Commission.

Habitat of var. macilenta. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2417, in 95 fms.,
sand, 52 miles 8. E. of Cape Fear, N. C., temperature 66° F. Station 2402,
in the Gulf of Mexico, between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys,
Florida, in 111 fms. mud. Blake expedition, Station 273, in 103 fms., sand,
Barbados, temperature 59°.5 F.

This is a very plain, simple-looking species of a dull color. It is quite large,
but appears not to have been heretofore described or figured.

| Drillia polytorta Dat.
Plate X. Fig. 6.

Pleurotoma (Drillia) polytorta Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 61, August, 1881.

Habitat. Off Cape San Antonio, 413 fms.

This species has much such a sculpture as the last, except that the ribs are
larger, rounder, and fewer, the whorls shorter, more numerous, and more
inflated.

86 BULLETIN OF THE

Drillia eucosmia n. s.

Plate XIII. Fig. 1.

Shell pale, with touches of pale brown and a peripheral whitish zone, eight-
whorled, with a glossy, rounded nucleus of two whorls; fasciole rather wide,
excavated, undulating in harmony with the ribs, marked by fine revolving
threads and marginated at the appressed suture by a stout elevated line ;
spiral sculpture on the rest of the shell (1) of (on the whorls preceding the
last) two or three prominent white stout threads, somewhat swollen where
they ride over the ribs; on the last whorl there are about fifteen of these
primary spirals; between the fasciole and the end of the canal, in each of the
wide interspaces, are (2) three or four much finer hardly elevated flattish
threads, similar to those on the fasciole, and on the last whorl the marginating
thread behind the fasciole is wider and somewhat crenulated ; transverse sculp-
ture of (on the penultimate whorl 9) stout, rounded ribs, beginning at the fas-
ciole and obsolete on the canal ; beside these there are only incremental lines ;
the brown touches are on these ribs above and below the white zone, which
is bounded by the peripheral pair of primary spirals ; final varix stout and
rounded ; aperture narrow, notch rounded, strongly marked ; outer lip thin,
arched forward, not lirate within; a single internal thread runs parallel with
the fasciole deeper in the throat ; inner lip with a thin callus with elevated
margin; pillar straight, canal short, obliquely truncate, rather wide. Max. lat.
of shell, 6.4; lon. of shell, 19.0; of last whorl, 10.3; of aperture, 7.7 mm.

Habitat. Station 247, near Grenada, in 170 fms., ooze, temperature 53°.5 F.

Drillia eucosmia var. canna Da tt.

Shell smaller, more slender; the peripheral primary spirals always three ;
the secondary spirals few or obsolete; ribs six or seven, rather more prominent.
Lon. of shell, 15.25; lat. of shell, 6.0 mm.

Habitat. With the last. Also west of Florida, in 50 fms., Gulf of Mexico ;
and off Cape Lookout, N. C., in 52 fms., sand, at Station 2612, by the U.S.
Fish Commission.

This very elegant little species belongs to a group of several, which possess
characters in common, and which appear to be undescribed.

Drillia haliostrephis n. s.
Plate XIII. fig. 3.

Shell pure white, eight-whorled, with a glossy rounded vitreous nucleus
of two whorls ; spiral sculpture much as in D. eucosmia, a line marginating the
suture ; two or three strong primaries on the upper whorls, five or six on the
body whorl, and eight or ten smaller ones on the canal; the principal pri-

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, 87

maries are strongly marked and slightly swollen on the summits of the ribs ;
the secondary spirals, very faint or absent behind the periphery but present in
the interspaces in front of it, are finer than in the last species, and more nu-
merous; the fasciole is wide, nearly smooth, undulated, and little excavated ;
the aperture is narrow and long, the notch shallow, the interior not lirate, the
inner lip simple with a thin callus, the canal wide, straight, rather long; the
ribs are seven on the penultimate whorl, narrower and less prominent, as is
the varix, than in the last species. Lon. of shell, 19.5 ; of last whorl, 11.0 ; of
aperture, 8.0 ; max. lat. of shell, 5.5 mm.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, at Station 36, in 84 fms.

This shell is more slender, the primary spirals stronger, the other sculpture
weaker, than in D. eucosmia. The color is also different. In the variety canna
the last whorl is stouter in proportion to the spire than in this species.

Drillia acestra n. s.
Plate X. fig. 7.

Shell long, slender, pale olive-color with a translucent white tip, nine-
whorled, with a smooth vitreous rounded two-whorled nucleus ; fasciole wide,
steep, excavated, marked with close-set fine even spirals; it is bounded be-
hind by a sharply cut elevated thread, a little space in front of the suture;
the whorl in front of the fasciole is covered with close-set, strong, subequal,
flattish spirals, with narrow channelled interspaces ; these spirals, from two on
the four apical whorls, increase to seven on the penultimate whorl, and eleven
(behind those on the canal) on the last whorl; here they are a little more
widely separated, and have one or two intercalary fine threads in the inter-
spaces; on the canal there are six primary threads alternating with somewhat
smaller secondary ones; transverse sculpture of gently elevated ribs (eight on
the penultimate whorl), which vary in different specimens as to elevation and
strength ; in the type specimen figured they begin at the fasciole and fade on
the base; the varix is strong and protrudes, there is a touch of livid color in
front of it, which is seen nowhere else on the shell ; aperture whitish, throat
slightly livid, not lirate ; notch deep and strong, outer lip thin, contracted for
the canal; inner lip with a thin elevated callus, pillar straight, canal rather
short, recurved. Max. lon. of shell, 19.0; of last whorl, 9.8 ; of aperture, 7.0;
max. lat. of shell, 5.5 mm.

Habitat. Station 101, off Havana, in 400 fms. Variety (7), Station 248,
near Grenada, in 161 fms.

The specimen I have referred to as a variety may be distinct; it has twelve
ribs, a narrower and less marked fasciole, and the spiral sculpture is much less
elevated and sharp. But the general aspect is so similar that I dare not sepa-
rate them without a larger series of specimens.

88 BULLETIN OF THE

Drillia pharcida Datt.
Plate XII. fig. 2.

Pleurotoma (Drillia) exasperata Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., 1X. p. 68, August, 1881. Not
of Reeve, 1843.

Habitat. Off Cape San Antonio, 1002 fms.; Station 5, in 229 fms., Gulf of
Mexico ; Barbados, 100 fins.

The specific name having been used by Reeve for a species conchologically
related to Drillia, I am obliged to substitute another name for the one at first
adopted.

This species was dredged by Dr. Rush, in 150-200 fms., off the Fowey rocks,
Florida Strait.

Drillia acrybia n. s.

Shell closely related to D. pharcida with which it may advantageously be
compared. The most obvious differences are, that in D. pharcida the ribs and
their intersecting sharp spirals are as strong on the last whorl as on the others,
in D. acrybia the ribs on the last whorl are obsolete and the spirals fainter ;
the spire of D. acrybia is shorter in proportion to the last whorl, the canal is
longer, there is one less whorl in the adult shell, the fasciole is less excavated,
the suture more appressed, and consequently less evident. In all other re-
spects the shells closely resemble one another. Lon. of shell, 10.0; of last
whorl, 6.0; of aperture, 4.0; max. lat. of shell, 4.0 mm. The same measure-
ments in D. pharcida, of the same maturity, are, lon. of shell, 11.75 ; of last
whorl, 6.25 ; of aperture, 4.5 ; max. lat. of shell, 4.0 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2668, in 294 fms., sand, off Fer-
nandina, Florida, temperature 46°.3. Also in 136 fms., off the coast of Florida,
Dr, W. H. Rush.

It is quite possible that the remarkable variability which I have so often
referred to among the deep-sea shells may have been operating here, and that
these shells are merely an extreme variety of D. pharcida. I have not mate-
rial enough to prove this. But if the two shells were dredged from shallow
water, they would not, I think, be questioned as distinct species by any one
who carefully studied them.

Drillia tristicha n. s.

Shell white, elongated, acute, with a rounded vitreous white two-whorled
nucleus and nine succeeding whorls; spiral sculpture of three principal strong
threads, enlarged where they pass over the ribs, four more on the base of the
last whorl, about eight somewhat weaker ones on the canal, and a single one
in front of and marginating the suture ; the interspaces are wide, and upon
them and over the fasciole are wound numerous fine, sharp, undulating, secon-

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 89

dary spiral threads ; all these cross (on the penultimate whorl) fourteen even,
rounded, narrow riblets, with narrower interspaces, which start at the anterior
edge of the fasciole, cross the whorl, and fail on the canal; suture distinct,
wavy ; fasciole obscure, not excavated; whorls rounded ; varix stout, thick,
and rounded ; aperture narrow, notch strongly marked, round ; outer lip thin,
without lire; inner lip with a thin, smooth, elevated callus ; canal distinct,
rather long and narrow, not recurved; pillar straight. Lon. of shell, 23.0; of
last whorl, 12.5; of aperture, 9.7; max. lat. of shell, 5.5 mm.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar
Keys, Florida, at U. S. Fish Commission Stations 2377, 2399, and 2402, in
210, 196, and 111 fms., mud, temperature 52° to 67° F.

B. Nearly smooth ribbed species.

Drillia ebur Reeve.

Pleurotoma ebur Reeve, P. Z. S., 1845, p. 116; Conch. Icon., pl. xxx. fig. 275, Dec.,
1845,
Clavus ebur Tryon, Man., VI. p. 188, pl. xiii. fig. 56.

Habitat. Cape Hatteras to Florida, living, in 14 to 50 fms. Also at Station
10, Gulf of Mexico, in 34 fms.; Station 22, in 95 fms.; Station 36, in 84 fms.;
off Sombrero, in 54 fms.; all specimens dead.

These shells were probably adventitious in the localities where found by
the Blake, having perhaps been disgorged by fishes.

This species forms a sort of transition to the preceding section. The nucleus
is peculiar in being almost entirely sculptured with strong radiating riblets, and
a little later with close-set fine spirals. This character varies somewhat in
strength, but is sufficiently well marked in all the specimens I have examined
to be regarded as characteristic of the species as far as known.

Drillia fucata REEVE.

Pleurotoma fucata Reeve, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 110; Conch. Icon., fig. 169.
Pleurotoma paria Reeve, Conch. Icon., fig. 884, Jan., 1846.

Habitat. Coast of North Carolina, off Cape Fear, in 14 fms., sand, to St.
Thomas and Haiti.

This is the variety with numerous (about 16) ribs, which is the typical
form. This species in all its forms is larger than D. ebur Reeve, and has the
usual smooth, vitreous Drillia nucleus ; it is proportionally shorter and has the
last whorl stouter than any of its near connections. It is covered with fine
spiral threading, which in well developed specimens is beautifully reticulated
by very close, fine, sharp, elevated incremental lines, visible in the interspaces.
The number and stoutness of the ribs varies greatly. There are specimens
without any ribs; I have one from Samana Bay, Santo Domingo. The variety
paria Reeve has six or eight ribs, is pale colored, and ranges from the West
Indies to Cape Fear, North Carolina.

90 BULLETIN OF THE

Drillia pagodula n. s.
Plate XIII. Fig. 6.

Shell resembling D. fucata, but much more slender, the fasciole less im-
pressed, the spiral sculpture of fine engraved lines and the aperture smaller
and much more narrow. Nucleus glassy, rounded, two-whorled ; shell with
eight or nine strongly ribbed whorls; spiral sculpture, sometimes obsolete
near the suture, of extremely fine, wavy, close-set, incised lines; transverse
sculpture of (on the penultimate whorl 9 to 11) nearly straight stout ribs ex-
tending from the suture over the periphery and lost on the base; fasciole not
well marked; suture distinct, somewhat appressed, undulated by passing over
the ribs; surface more or less lustrous: color white, spirally banded with rich
yellow brown, sometimes on the periphery, sometimes on the base, etc., but
the fasciole is usually white and the ribs are apt to show white, wholly or in
part on the yellow, when present. Aperture short, narrow, with hardly any
canal; notch large and deeper than wide; outer lip thin, not internally lirate;
throat white; inner lip a little callous; pillar short, simple; canal very short,
not differentiated from the aperture; varix stout and prominent. Max. lon. of
shell, 18.0; of last whorl, 9.0; of aperture, 6.3; max. lat. of shell, 5.8 mm.

Habitat. West of Florida, in 50 fms.; off Havana, Sigsbee, in 119-175 fms.;
Station 177, in 118 fms., sand, off Dominica, temperature 65°.0 ; Stations 273,
282, and 290, near Barbados, in 73 to 154 fms., coral and sand, temperature
56° to 71° F.

This species may be pure white, banded with yellow brown or spotted be-
tween the ribs with pink or brown.

A young shell, similar to the above but stouter, with the tip white, the
whorls whitish and the summits of the five ribs brownish, was dredged by the
Fish Commission in 49 fms., off Cape Hatteras, N.C. The ribs are continuous
from base to summit and the cross-section of the shell forms an exact pentagon
with rounded angles. The ribs are not continuous, except accidentally, in
‘those previously described; but this may perhaps be an extreme variety (for
which the name pentagonalis may be used) of D. pagodula. 'The indications
are that it is the young of a distinct species. Lon. of shell, 7.0; of last whorl
(there are four beside the nucleus), 5.0; max. lat. of shell, 3.0mm. There are
two similar specimens. The Mangilia pentagonalis (Gray) Reeve is a smaller
and much more slender shell.

Drillia coccinata Reeve.

Pleurotoma coccinata Reeve, P. Z. S., 1845, p. 118; Conch. Icon. sp. 299, Dec., 1845.

Habitat. Station 128, off Santa Cruz, in 180 fms. ; Station 272, in 76 fms.,
Barbados. Living, in 16 fms., Samana Bay, Santo Domingo, Couthouy.

The shell varies from white to brown or rose-pink, and may be stout or
slender, with 8 or 10 ribs on the last whorl. The fasciole is always well
excavated and smooth.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, 91

Drillia thea var. carminura Datu.
Drillia thea Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI. p. 828, pl. x. fig. 5, Dec., 1883.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Coasts of Florida, Dall, Hemphill, and Dr.
Rush.

Since the original dusky type was described, the color of wet tea leaves,
Hemphill has sent a paler variety with a narrow peripheral brown band.
This was found at Cedar Keys, and by Dr. Rush also at Turtle Harbor. A
still paler form without any band was dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission
in 111 fms., in the Gulf of Mexico, at Station 2402. In this specimen the
nucleus was of a lovely bright carmine color. This form, which is probably
peculiar to deep water, may take the varietal name of carminura. 1t has seven
whorls beside the nucleus, of a lemonade color, with nine ribs on the penulti-
mate whorl, rather straighter than in the type and less swollen on the periph-
ery. Lon, 11.5, lat. 4.0 mm. The Barbados specimens appear to be of the
same sort, but are dead and faded.

Drillia? Simpsoni Dat.

Pleurotoma (Mangilia?) Simpsoni Dall, Proc. Davenport Acad. Sciences, V. p. 54,
Noy., 1887.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2607 and 2619, off the coast of
North Carolina, in 15 to 18 fms., sand, fifteen to twenty-five miles off shore.
Tampa Bay, Florida, Simpson.

Fragments of this pretty little species and a nearly adult specimen were
obtained as above, thus greatly increasing its known geographical range. Its
genus is still uncertain, but I think, in my second specimen, through the
translucent shell, I can distinguish an operculum attached to the dried animal.

Drillia lissotropis Datt.
Plate XI. Figs. 3, 4.

Pleurotoma (Mangilia) lissotropis Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 58, August, 1881.
? Pleurotoma (Mangelia) hypsela Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XV. p. 433, Oct., 1881.
Chall. Gastr., p. 341, pl. xxi. fig. 4, 1885.

Habitat. Station 20, 220 fms., Gulf of Mexico; off Havana, in 127 fms. ;
Station 273, near Barbados, in 103 fms.; Stations 282 and 290, off Barbados, in
154 and 73 fms., coral; Station 134, near Santa Cruz, in 248 fms., coarse sand.
Range of temperatures, 54°.5 to 71° F.

Mr. Watson’s specimen is not sufficiently perfect to decide with certainty,
but it looks very much like the present species. The examination of better
material since the first description was made shows this species to have the

92 BULLETIN OF THE

regular Drillia aperture and nucleus, and it is therefore referred to that genus.
The curvature and number of the ribs vary slightly, and the spaces between are
indifferently perfectly smooth, or finely spirally striate, especially toward the
anterior end of the shell.

This species differs from D. Verrillai, with which it has many points in com-
mon, in the absence of the angulation of the ribs at the periphery, the longer
and more slender form of both shell and riblets, and in D. Verrillic the absence
of any spiral sculpture except the fasciole and a few coarse threads on the
canal. These shells are so very small and polished that it is extremely diffi-
cult for an artist in pure line-work to represent them adequately. Only lithog-
raphy with its delicate mutations of shade can do it properly. For this reason
our figures of this species and D. Verrillii are less satisfactory than most of
these which represent rougher and larger shells.

Drillia? Dalli Verritt.
Pleurotoma Dalli Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad.,V p. 451, pl, lvii. figs. 1, la, April, 1882.

Habitat. Variety acloneta, Station 206, near Martinique, in 170 fms., fine
sand, temperature 49° F.; U.S. Fish Commission Station 2668, in 294 fms.,
gray sand, off Fernandina, Fla., temperature 46°.3. Variety cestrota, Station
2399, in 196 fms., mud, in the Gulf of Mexico, between the delta of the Mis-
sissippi and Cedar Keys, Fla., temperature 51°.6. Typical form, off Martha’s
Vineyard, in 94 to 143 fms., and off Delaware Bay, in 104 fms.

This species, recognizable by its large blunt tip and brownish livid streaks
or tint, is notably variable. The type is obscurely ribbed; on the upper whorls
the ribs are a little stronger. The variety which I have called acloneta is
totally without ribs, and for this reason the fasciole is less apparent. The
variety cestrota, on the other hand, has the ribs much stronger than in the
typical form, and closer set; they even undulate the fasciole a little. The three
forms of this species, with their connecting varieties, illustrate in a character-
istic manner the mutability of these archibenthal species.

Drillia nucleata Da tt.
Plate XI. Fig. 1.

Pleurotoma (Drillia) nucleata Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 62, Aug. 12, 1881.
2 Pleurotoma (Drillia) amblia Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., X VI. p. 249, March, 1882.
2 Clionella amblia Watson, Chall. Gastr., p. 578, pl. xxii. fig. 12, 1885.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, Station 5, in 229 fms., and Station 43, in 339
fms. Antilles, off Sombrero, in 54 fms., and Station 230, off St. Vincent, in
464 fms., ooze. U. S. Fish Commission Station 2644, off Cape Florida, in
193 fms., sand, temperature 43°.4 F. ? Challenger expedition, off Culebra
Island, in 390 fms., ooze.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 93

It would seem, from the figure of Mr. Watson’s imperfect type specimen, as
if it must approach very closely to one of the varieties probably of D. nucleata,
or possibly of D. Dalli.

There are, however, in the Fish Commission dredgings, half a dozen ex-
tremely puzzling forms of this general character, which further study and
material are needed to elucidate.

Drillia Verrillii Datt.
Plate XI. Fig. 2.

Pleurotoma (Drillia) Verrillii Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 68, August, 1881.

Habitat. Station 19, 310 fms.; Station 20, in 220 fms. ; both in the Gulf
of Mexico.

This small, but very elegant species, is referred to under the head of D. lis-
sotropis, to which it is related. It differs in its smaller size, shorter whorls,
absence of fine spiral striee, and in the short stout ribs, swollen and angulated
at the periphery.

Drillia havanensis Datt.
Plate XI. Fig. 5.
Pleurotoma (Drillia) havanensis Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 67, August, 1881.

Habitat. Station 16, 262 fms.; Station 19, 310 fms.; Sigsbee, off Havana,
450 fms. ; Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

No more specimens of this species have been found in the collection. Clio-
nella aglaophanes Watson should be compared with it.

Drillia premorra n. s.

Plate XI. Fig. 18.

Shell waxen white, with a vitreous white smooth rounded nucleus of nearly
two whorls and eight subsequent sculptured whorls. Spiral sculpture of an
undulated more or less nodulous narrow band in front of the suture, separated
by the fasciole from an angulation, which in the upper whorls is peripheral,
and on the last whorl] forms a well marked shoulder; in front of this on the
upper whorls are one to three, and on the last whorl between the angle and
the anterior end of the canal about a dozen, small sharply elevated threads
with much wider interspaces, threads which are, where they intersect the trans-
verse ridges, modified by small sharp nodulations. Transverse sculpture of
(on the last whorl 14 to 18) sharp-edged low narrow oblique strongly bent
ridges rather than ribs, evanescent on the base and fasciole, but corresponding

94 BULLETIN OF THE

to the elevations on the presutural band ; these are proportionally stronger and
more prominent near the apex, and become obsolete on the last part of the
last whorl; suture distinct ; whorls moderately full; base subconic, slightly
constricted for the short canal ; incremental lines distinct, stronger on the last
whorl; fasciole somewhat excavated, smooth except for the curved incremental
lines ; surface of the shell rather vitreous ; aperture of the (not adult) shell
rather wide ; anal notch wide, rather shallow; outer lip arched; canal hardly
differentiated, short, narrow; pillar straight, anteriorly attenuated. Max. lon.
of shell, 9.5 ; of last whorl, 5.2; of aperture (not quite adult), 3.5; max, lat.
of shell, 3.5 mm.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, at Station 100, off Morro Light, in 400 fms.

This, after thorough study, seems distinct from any described form, and,
though not adult, is without doubt a Drillia. Specimens on which the trans-
verse sculpture is exceptionally strong have a somewhat different aspect, and
are rougher than the one figured. The sculpture is sharp, and the angle of the
bent ridges is peculiarly abrupt. The surface is not shagreened, though the
aspect of the shell recalls that of some of the shagreened Mangilias.

C. Shells smooth, vitreous.

Drillia oleacina Datt.
Plate XI. Fig. 8.
Pleurotoma (Drillia) oleacina Dall, Bull. M. C. Z , IX. p. 66, August, 1881.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, at Station 21, in 287 fms., and off Morro Light,
Havana, in 292 fms. Antilles, Station 261, near Grenada, in 340 fms.

The most perfect specimens of this form under magnification show fine
spiral incised lines over the last whorl, but to the naked eye the vitreous glis-
tening surface appears perfectly polished. It is possible that these species
would belong to the group of Spirotropis, to which similar shells have been
referred, but it is hardly worth while to put them there until the dentition is
known.

Drillia smirna Datt.
Plate XI. Fig. 7.

Pleurotoma (Drillia) smirna Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 66, August, 1881.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, off Cape San Antonio, 413 fms., and Station 100,
off Morro Light, Havana, in 400 fms. Also at U. 8. Fish Commission Station
2150, near Old Providence, W. I., in 382 fms., ooze, temperature 46°.0 F.

With the exception of the type, the specimens found so far are all quite
young.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, 95

Drillia lithocolleta Warson.
Plate XI. Fig. 6.

Pleurotoma (Typhlomangelia) lithocolleta Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XV. p. 441, Oct.,
1881. Chall. Gastr., p. 820, pl. xxiv. fig. 6, 1885.

Habitat. Station 163, near Guadelupe, in 769 fms., sand, temperature
39°.75 F. Also at U.S. Fish Commission Station 2384, in the Gulf of
Mexico, between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida, in 940
fms., mud; Stations 2676 and 2677, off Cape Fear, North Carolina, in 407 and
478 fms., mud and sand, temperature 39° to 46° F, Off Sombrero, in 450 fms.,
ooze, Challenger Expedition.

This very beautiful species, of which some specimens reach a length of
27.0 mm., seems to have a wide distribution. The operculum is rather thin
and wide, shaped like that of Drillia, The specimen figured, the only one col-
lected by the Blake, is immature. Subsequently, the Fish Commission sent in
much finer specimens. The larger ones show a tendency to a flesh or salmon
tint in the columellar region.

Section CYMATOSYRINX Datu.

We now come to a group of Drillias which have a family resemblance to
Pleurotoma lunata Lea, of the Miocene of Virginia, and are doubtless derived
from the same stozk. That species, of which the type is before me as I write,
is larger, stouter, and finer in development than any of its recent relatives, but
there is a singularly uniform facies to them all. D. pallida Sowerby, from the
west coast of America at Panama, is apparently to be included in the same
group. For these, should a sectional name be required, since they are dis-
tinctly not typical species of Crassispira, the name Cymatosyrinx might be
applied. The type would be Lea’s species above referred to.

Drillia? centimata n. s.
Plate XXXVI. Fig. 9.

Shell pure white, with a pointed turrited spire, a brownish glossy rounded
nucleus of two and a half whorls, and nine or ten subsequent whorls; fasciole
wide, sloping, reaching to the somewhat appressed suture, smooth except for
the deeply arched incremental lines ; transverse sculpture, aside from lines of
growth, of thirteen or fourteen peripheral nodules, well elevated, and on the
last whorl somewhat elongated and obliquely set ; there is no spiral sculpture
even on the canal ; the fasciole is so wide, and the whorls increase so rapidly,
that the shell has a peculiarly conical aspect ; base moderately rounded; aper-
ture moderately wide, with a very wide and deep anal notch, and the outer

96 BULLETIN OF THE

lip correspondingly curved forward, arched, and thin; inner lip with a moder-
ate callus ; pillar simple, slender, much twisted, the canal short, rather wide,
and flaring a little at the end. Max. lon. of shell, 22.5; of last whorl, 12.5;
of aperture, including the canal, 9.5; max. lat. of shell, 9.0 mm. There is no
varix behind the aperture.

Habitat. Station 31, in the Gulf of Mexico, in 1920 fms., lat. 24° 33’,
lon. 84° 23’ W., temperature 39°.5. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2383,
between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida, in 1181 fms.,
mud; Station 2678, off Cape Fear, North Carolina, in 731 fms., ooze, tem-
perature 38°.7 F.

This fine but rather rude-looking species is particularly characterized by
the prominence of its nodules, and the long slope back from them to the su-
ture, and its pointed spire. The absence of the varix suggests that it may
eventually prove not to be a Drillia ; the soft parts in our specimens having
contracted so far into the spire as to be inaccessible.

Drillia epynota n.s.
Plate XXXVI. Fig. 10.

Shell short, stout, with a smooth rounded whitish inflated nucleus of two
whorls and eight subsequent whorls; color whitish or pale madder brown ;
spiral sculpture of obsolete spiral striz, generally a little wavy, and often
absent from a part or the whole of the shell; they are strongest on the base,
but are generally so faint as not to interrupt the apparent smoothness of the
surface nor to be perceptible without a lens; suture appressed, undulated
over the ribs; fasciole narrow, excavated, smooth except for lines of growth
and the undulations due to the ribbing; transverse sculpture of rather faint
growth lines and of (on the last whorl 12) strong, stout rounded ribs, strongest
in front of the fasciole where they end bluntly, extending across the whorl
and disappearing only on the canal; the interspaces are about equal to the
ribs, which are slightly obliquely set; varix large, stout, simple; outer lip in
front of it thin, arched, not internally lirate; aperture rather narrow ; notch
subcircular ; inner lip and pillar with an elevated rather thick callus ; pillar
concave ; canal short, distinct, deep, curved to the right in the adult; siphonal
fasciole distinct. Max. lon. of shell, 15.5; of last whorl, 8.75; of aperture,
5.5 ; max. lat. of shell, 6.2 mm.

Habitat. Off Cape Hatteras, N. C., at U. 8. Fish Commission Stations 2592,
2595, 2600, 2601, 2602, and 2606, in from 25 to 120 fms., mud and sand, tem-
perature ranging from 58° to 77° F.

This strongly marked little species may be readily distinguished from D.
ebur Reeve, found with it, and of somewhat similar appearance, by the absence
of the spiral threads, the more prominent whorls, the stouter ribs, and the more
deeply excavated suture. It is a miniature edition of D. lunata Lea.

February 11, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 97

Drillia Moseri n. s.
Plate XXXVI. Fig. 3.

Shell varying from a rich rose color, with paler bands on the base, fasciole,
etc., to yellowish white ; nucleus as usual in Drillia with two whorls followed
by nine or ten subsequent whorls; spiral sculpture of numerous very shallow
grooves with wider flat interspaces ; the grooves are cross-striated by close-set
fine elevated incremental lines; this sculpture is very easily eroded and some-
times nearly absent ; transverse sculpture of about eleven strong wave-like ribs
with wider interspaces, the crests rounded ; these extend from the suture to the
base, and are narrowed and curved like the top of an interrogation point
when they pass over the fasciole ; the fasciole is constricted rather than exca-
vated, the grooving is closer and finer than on the rest of the shell, and if the
shell is colored the fasciole is paler; the whorl is strongly appressed at the
suture and a little undulated by the ribs; the aperture is rather narrow ;
the notch large and rounded; the callus thick and elevated, the pillar nearly
straight; the canal short, wide, turned to the right, the siphonal fasciole strong ;
the varix large and stout. Max. lon. of shell, 30.0; of last whorl, 15.5; of
aperture, 11.0 ; max. lat. of shell, 10.0 mm.

Habitat. West of Florida, in 15 fms.; St. Martin’s Reef, South Florida, in
3 fms., Lieut. J. F. Moser, U. S. N.; Sarasota Bay, one specimen, H. Hemp-
hill; U. S. Fish Commission Station 2596, 17 miles E.S. E. of Cape Hatteras,
N. C., in 49 fms., sand, temperature 75° F.

This shell, when pink, is one of the prettiest of the small shells on our
southeastern coast. It is respectfully dedicated to Lieut. Moser, whose collec-
tions while engaged on surveys in Florida often contributed material of much
interest for the study of the Floridian marine fauna.

Genus BORSONIA BELLarpi.

Borsonia Bellardi, Bull. Soc. Géol. de France, X. p. 30, 1838. Mon. Pleurotome del
Piemonte, p. 83, tav. iv. fig. 13 (B. prima Bell.), 1847.

Shell pleurotomoid, with a single plication of the columella near the middle
of the inner lip.

Subgenus BORSONIA sg. s.

Borsonia ceroplasta and B. sericea Watson, the former from 390 fms., mud,
near Culebra Island, and the other from off Pernambuco, in 350 fms., red
mud, belong to the typical section of the genus.

VOL, SVIIr. 7

98 BULLETIN OF THE

Subgenus CORDIERIA Rovatttr.

Cordieria Rouault, Bull. Soc. Géol. de France, 2me sér., V. p. 207, February, 1848.

* Aphanitoma Bellardi, Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. ii. p. 241, 1877.

2 Scobinella Conrad, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., I. p. 120, August, 1848.
Type, S. celata Conr., l. c., pl. xii. figs. 8, 9.

The type of Scobinella has the anal sinus of a Plewrotoma and the plaits of a
Mitra (4 or 5) diminishing in size forward. Cordieria has two plaits, which
are high up, not anterior, like those of Mitra. In some specimens the second
plait is not deposited until a little later than the first, and lags behind it, so
that it is not always visible. From this fact has been derived the erroneous
assumption that the same species may have, indifferently, one or two plaits. I
have not seen Aphanitoma, which Tryon unites with Scobinella ; but, whether
this be just or not, it appears to me that Scobinella is different from Cordieria
and sufficiently distinct from Borsonia. <As far as I can judge, Tryon was right
in suspecting that none of the Borsonias in his Manual belong to the genus,
They probably belong to Eucheilodon, Glyphostoma, or Clathurella, The pres-
ent species, however, is genuine, and typical to a very high degree. The genus
remounts to the Cretaceous.

Cordieria Rouaultii n. s.
Plate XXXVI. Fig. 11.

Shell yellowish white with a pink vertex and the interspaces between the
ribs of a pink brown, generally rather pale ; whorls seven or eight, two of
which belong to the nucleus; nucleus glassy polished, smooth, swollen, rounded,
its second whorl with an obsolete peripheral keel ; remainder of the shell with
rather strong sculpture; spiral sculpture of three or four strong and a few
much finer ridges between the sutures and in front of the anal fasciole; on the
last whorl these continue over the base and canal; the anal fasciole shows only
traces of the finer spiral threads; transverse sculpture (1) of nine stout short
waves, or rounded ribs, with narrower interspaces, beginning in front of the
fasciole and obsolete in front of the whorl toward the canal; (2) of rather
coarse, strong, and somewhat irregular incremental lines ; (3) where the fasci-
ole borders on the suture, the arched incremental lines are crowded into a
series of not very regular plications, which form a band or series in front of
the suture ; the fasciole is slightly excavated ; the surface of the shell carries
a yellowish opaque thin epidermis; whorls moderately rounded; base sub-
conical ; canal short, rather large, slightly recurved and flaring at the tip;
anal sinus rounded, rather shallow ; outer lip convexly arched, sharp-edged,
with or without a rib behind it, according to the stage of growth, with no
varix; aperture narrow, long lirate in the throat; columella straight, near
its junction with the body having two strong plaits, which continue in-
ternally to the apex of the shell; inner lip with a coat of callus, somewhat

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 99

reflected anteriorly in the adult. Max. lon. of shell, 13.6; of last whorl, 8.0 ;
max. lat. of shell, 5.0 mm.

Habitat. Stations 272 and 273, at Barbados, in 76-103 fms., over a bottom
of coral and broken shells, bottom temperature 59° to 65° F.

This shell, owing to the coarseness of its sculpture, has a somewhat rude
appearance, and is very characteristic, Except for the plaits on the pillar, it
recalls Pleurotoma (Drillia) pagoda, Reeve.

Genus MANGILIA (Leacn) Risso.

This genus is used in a manner which includes all the Plewrotomide with-
out opercula, as adopted by Dr. Paul Fischer; though this, of course, is a
much wider sense than that in which it was originally employed. Cythara
Schumacher is an older name, but it was applied to a particularly modified
species and will better be retained with its original limits. For the purposes
of this paper the following groups have been admitted: —

Subgenus AroriA Dall.

Shell large, strong, fusiform ; anal notch large, away from the suture.
Type, Pleurotoma circinata Dall (insignis Jeffreys), Bering Strait and
Aleutian Islands.

Subgenus CyrHaRA Schumacher (C. striata Schum. ).

Subgenus DAPHNELLA Hinds.

Section Daphnella s. s. (D. lymneiformis Kiener).

Section Hubela Dall (D. limacina Dall).

Subgenus GitypHostoMa Gabb (G. dentifera Gabb).

Subgenus Maneiu1A Risso s. s. (M. costulata Risso).

Subgenus PLEUROTOMELLA Verrill (P. Packardi Verrill).

? Section Gymnobela Verrill (G. curta Verrill).

Subgenus Taranis Jeffreys (7. Mérchi Malm).

Subgenus AFORIA Dall.

This group has the shell of a typical Pleurotoma, but has no operculum; the
typical species reaches three or four inches in length, is strongly carinated above
the periphery, and the wide rather deep anal sulcus is nearer to the carina
than to the suture. The following species is only provisionally referred to
this group, as the soft parts are unknown.

? Aforia hypomela Datt.

Shell thin, white, fusiform, with a very thin straw-colored epidermis; nu-
cleus white, vitreous, of one and a half turns, polished, nearly smooth with
faint spiral lines and lines of growth; subsequent whorls seven, spirally sculp-
tured with (1) a moderate angulation just behind the periphery of the last whorl,
which becomes sharper and peripheral on the earlier whorls; in front of this
the whorls are ornamented with numerous rounded threads, separated by much

100 BULLETIN OF THE

wider somewhat channelled interspaces; on the upper whorls there are 3-6 of
these threads, on the last whorl they extend to the anterior end of the canal,
becoming more crowded anteriorly; behind the carina the shell is smoother,
there are faint spirals, hardly raised, and sparser over the centre of the fasciole
than on each side of it; there is no distinct secondary striation; transverse
sculpture of faint incremental lines, which rise more or less into little wrin-
kles at the suture, and sometimes undulate the peripheral angulation on the
apical whorls ; suture distinct ; whorls moderately full ; aperture ovate ; canal
nearly straight, not wide; pillar so twisted as to form a pervious coil ex-
tending the whole length of the axis, thin, simple; outer lip thin, modified by
the sculpture; notch wide, shallow, half-way between the suture and the carina;
outer lip strongly arched forward. Max. lon. of shell, 47.0; of last whorl, 34.0;
max. lat. of shell, 15.6 mm.

Habitat. South of Cuba at U.S. Fish Commission Station 2127, in 1639
fms., mud.

This fine and fragile shell recalls Plewrotoma Catherine Verrill, which has
the fasciole at the suture, and probably belongs to a different section. There
is nothing like it in the Challenger collection.

Subgenus CYTHARA ScuumacHer.

Cythara Schumacher, Essai, p. 245, 1817. Type, Cancellaria citharella Lamarck
(not Cithara Klein).

Mangelia Reeve, Conch. Icon., III., 1846. (Same type.) Not Mangelia Leach and
Risso, 1826.

Eucithara Fischer, Manual, p. 593, 1883.

Cithara Klein, 1753, is not binomial, and is a synonym of Harpa Rumphius,
1705, if pre-Linnean names are to be considered. Whether we consider them
or not, Cithara Klein, being itself a synonym, cannot stand in the way of a
proper use of the name such as that made by Schumacher. Mangelia Reeve
is founded on the same identical type as Cythara Schumacher, and is not the
same as the Mangelia of Risso and Leach, properly spelled Mangilia. There
are several species known from our southern waters. Of these there is some
doubt as to their absolute pertinence to the group of C. striata Schum. (= C.
citharella Lam.), which cannot be cleared up until the soft parts of both are
known; but, so far as the shell is concerned, they appear to be closely related.
The shells which are known from our coasts and seem to be appropriately re-
ferred here are C. astricta Reeve, which has been found by Hemphill in Florida
among the Keys. C. balteata Reeve (non Auct.), which extends from North
Carolina southward and is far from rare in Florida, is a very variable shell, es-
pecially in regard to slenderness and number of ribs. It can usually be deter-
mined by the microscopic character of its surface, covered with fine, close, even
frosted spirals, and by its general aspect. The brown band present in so many
of this group is not invariably present in any species. C. biconica C. B. Adams

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 101

has the same distribution, but is more abundant. It is a good and well-marked
species. Of the group having a polygonal cross-section and translucent glassy
shells on which the sharp transverse ribs run from canal to nucleus without
a break across all the whorls, there are several forms. These perhaps should
be referred to a particular section of typical Mangilia rather than to any
part of Cythara, but I will mention them here. Mangilia psila Bush, when
fresh, is pink-tipped and transparent. It is the northern representative of
M. lanceolata Adams, which in the Antilles grows much larger and has spiral
color lines. J. muricovdes Adams, a species of the same general characters, is
larger and stouter. I have seeninonly from Barbados.

Cythara Bartlettii n. s.
Plate XII. Fig. 6. Plate XIV. Figs. 5, 8.

Shell oval, spire rather acute; nucleus glassy, dark brown, inflated, of a
whorl and a half, followed by five normal whorls ; color pale yellowish, with
irregular touches of pale brown especially on the varix ; spiral sculpture of
numerous fine subequal rounded little-raised threads, with wider interspaces,
covering the whole shell and stronger on the canal; transverse sculpture of
(1) extremely fine close parallel hardly raised incremental lines, visible only
with the glass, and traversing the spiral interspaces with great regularity and
perfect uniformity ; (2) on the antepenultimate whorl about twenty narrow,
little raised, long rounded riblets, starting from the suture and fading away on
the base; the spirals run smoothly over the ribs; fasciole only visible in the
curve of the incremental lines; notch narrow, rounded, not deep ; outer lip re-
inforced in the adult by a rather thick rounded varix from which the thin sharp
edge of the lip stands out prominently, arched forward in the middle, and is
not contracted for the canal; inner lip simple, pillar obliquely trimmed off in
front, otherwise straight ; canal short, wide, not differentiated from the aper-
ture. Max. lon. of shell, 10.0; of last whorl, 7.5 ; lat. of shell, 4.75 mm.

Habitat. Off Havana, in 127 to 450 fms.; Barbados, 100 fms.; Station 132,
near Santa Cruz, in 115 fms., rocky bottom, temperature 65° F.; also at Key
West, between tides, on algzee, H. Hemphill.

The sculpture of this form, when fresh, is very inconspicuous, and the shell
looks almost smooth. It is perhaps the smoothest of the group, and may be
distinguished in this way from the others.

The young shell has very much the aspect of some of the northern species
of Bela.

Cythara cymella n.s.
Plate XII. Fig. 4.

Shell long, slender, subhyaline, polished, having a small subglobular, vitre-
ous, tilted nucleus of one and a half whorls, and five and a half subsequent
whorls ; color translucent, with a faint yellowish band in front of the suture,

102 BULLETIN OF THE

visible between the ribs, and two or three spiral series of faint spots on the
ribs in front of the yellow on the last whorl, or all whitish; spiral sculpture of
numerous fine impressed lines, strongest on the ribs of which they faintly crenu-
late the crests, and well marked on the canal where the interspaces are slightly
raised and rounded; transverse sculpture of (on the last whorl ten) elevated
ribs, not continuous from whorl to whorl, extending from suture to canal, thin
and slightly curved behind the periphery, a little swollen on the periphery and
in front of it again diminishing; suture somewhat appressed, undulated by the
ribs; aperture long, narrow; notch rounded, not deep ; varix behind the outer
lip resembling a stronger rib; outer lip strongly arched forward, thin; canal
long, rather narrow ; inner lip simple; columella straight, obliquely trimmed off
in front ; whorls moderately rounded under the ribs. Max. lon. of shell, 12.5;
of last whorl, 9.0; max. lat. of shell, 4.5 mm.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, at Station 20, in 220 fms. ; Barbados, 100 fms. ;
Station 259, near Grenada, in 159 fms., bottom temperature 53°.5 F.

This elegant species recalls the smooth C. fwniculata of Reeve, from the
Philippines. Like the other species spoken of, when absclutely adult the lips
of the aperture are probably finely crenulated, but none of the specimens re-
ceived show this stage of growth.

Subgenus DAPHNELLA HUrnps.

Section Daphnella s.s. Shell generally brightly colored, cancellated, or re-
ticulated ; the outer lip slightly thickened internally in the adult. Type, Pleu-
rotoma lymneiformis Kiener. West Indies.

These forms are, in the main, shallow-water species. I have been unable to
find a specimen of the type with the larval shell intact. Most of the other
species have the Sinusigera nucleus, but some have a glassy one. The sinus
may be shallow or deep.

Section Eubela Dall. Shell smooth, glossy, with a sutural band, the outer
lip sharp, a shallow anal sinus, and a short angular canal recalling that of
Trichotropis. Type, Daphnella limacina Dall.

These forms are few, and the type is a deep-water mollusk widely distributed.

Section DAPHNELLA s.s.

Daphnella leucophlegma DAtt.
Plate IX. Fig. 9.
Pleurotoma (Daphnella?) leucophlegma Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 70, 1881.

Habitat. Station 2, 805 fms.

This species is the only one of the typical Daphnellas which is white. Its
nucleus is small and glassy. The shell has a resemblance to some varieties of
Dolophanes Gabbii, but has a different nucleus and canal, while there is no trace
of a siphonal fasciole.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 103

Daphnella corbicula n. s.
Plate XIV. Fig. 7.

Shell yellowish with pale brown flammules, with a brown Sinusigera nucleus
of three whorls, high and slender, and five or more subsequent whorls ; sculp-
ture on the early whorls of two very strong elevated threads, at a later time
there are two intercalary, not quite so strong; on the last whorl there are
about ten strong primaries in all, partly on the back of the canal, about five
intercalaries on the body of the whorl, and on all the unoccupied area very
fine numerous granulous or frosty spiral threads; on the fasciole there are no
other spirals ; transverse sculpture (1) of fine sharp incremental lines, which
produce the shagreening of the tertiary spirals; (2) of numerous elevated
rounded threads, which reticulate the stronger spirals, induce little nodes
at the intersections, and extend from the front margin of the fasciole for-
ward over the whole whorl, disappearing only on the back of the canal ; the
interstices are deep, and nearly square; whorls rounded, shouldered by the
strong posterior primary spiral thread ; canal nearly straight, very wide, hardly
differentiable from the aperture ; pillar nearly straight with little callus; outer
lip thin, crenulated by the sculpture ; notch at the suture narrow, and about
1.0 mm. deep ; suture appressed, not very distinct. Max. lon. of shell, 11.2;
of last whorl, 8.0; max. lat. of shell, 4.7 mm.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2595 and
2596, in 49-63 fms., sand, 20 miles off Cape Hatteras, N. C., bottom tempera-
ture 75°.0 F.

The specimen figured is from Hatteras. The bold sculpture of this species
is very recognizable, — even a small fragment can be easily identified, —and
it is not very much like any of the other described species.

Daphnella reticulosa n.s.
Plate X. Fig. 10.

Shell small, translucent white or yellowish, of porcellanous texture, with a
Sinusigera nucleus, followed by five and a half normal whorls; general shape
elegantly fusiform, but with a rather blunt-ended canal; spiral sculpture of
fine even rounded elevated threads, nearly uniform all over the shell, about
half as wide as the interspaces in most of which run an extremely fine inter-
calary thread; the primary threads average about eight in the breadth of a
millimeter; transverse sculpture, first, of very fine distinct uniform lines of
growth about twice as numerous in the same space as the primary spiral threads,
which last are beautifully reticulated and to some extent rendered nodulous, or
rather minutely wavy, by the intersections ; secondly, on the earlier whorls, of
rather stout distant rounded riblets or waves seven or eight to a whorl, most
distinct on the first whorl and entirely evanescent on the last two whorls ;

104 BULLETIN OF THE

these are slightly oblique, and extend from the anterior margin of the anal fas-
ciole to the suture in front; whorls a little irregular in form; suture strongly
appressed; sculpture, as usual, less strong, but still perfectly distinct, on the
fasciole; the notch rather deep, semicircular behind. Aperture longer than
half the shell, moderately narrow, with the canal well defined and somewhat
curved to the right ; outer lip thickened within, slightly dentate at the margin
from the spiral sculpture; a slight callus on the body and pillar, well inside
the aperture ; pillar nearly straight. Lon. of shell, 11.5; of last whorl, 9.0;
of aperture, 7.0; lat. of shell, 5.2; of aperture, 2.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 272, in 76 fms., off Barbados, hard bottom, coarse sand
and shell; temperature of bottom water, 65°.0 F.

This is an extremely pretty little shell, not properly of the deep-sea fauna,
perhaps, but apparently undescribed and (except for its stronger sculpture)
bearing a curious resemblance in miniature to Plewrotomella Emerto vit.

Daphnella pompholyx n.s.
Plate XXXVI. Fig. 4.

Shell thin, inflated, polished, with a brown Sinusigera nucleus of three
whorls, and five subsequent whorls ; color yellowish white, with faint axially
directed streaks and blotches of olive brown, and articulating dots of the same
in the region of the canal; spiral sculpture of faint close-set scratches or half-
obsolete minute threads more or less visible over the whole surface, and on
the last whorl in front of the fasciole about twenty-five channelled sharply
cut grooves separated by considerably wider flat interspaces ; the grooves are
nearer together on the canal, and the interspaces there become rounded, almost
thread-like ; transverse sculpture of, on the fasciole, numerous little-elevated
arched regularly-spaced ripples, with slightly wider interspaces; these fade
away in front of the fasciole, or appear only as irregularities of growth which
punctuate the channels but are obsolete on the interspaces ; whorls rounded,
fasciole only slightly excavated, the posterior edge appressed at the suture ;
aperture large, outer lip rather straight in the middle, contracted suddenly to
form the canal, the edge sharp, the sculpture transvisible, the notch shallow
and its corners rounded off; columella straight, simple, rather long, canal
distinct, not recurved ; the periphery of the last whorl a little flattened. Max.
lon. of shell, 12.5; of last whorl, 9.2; max. lat. of shell, 6.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 273, near Barbados, in 103 fms., coral and shells, bottom
temperature 59°.5 F. Station 299, near Barbados, in 140 fms., coral, temper-
ature 56°.5 F.

This shell has somewhat the same outline as D. reticulosa, but its sculpture
is entirely different ; it is larger, thinner, and has a different nucleus, The
dry animal in one specimen is destitute of an operculum.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 105

Daphnella retifera n. s.

Shell small, thin, oval, short-spired, yellowish with pale cloudy markings of
brownish ; nucleus of the Simusigera type to begin with, but not strongly sculp-
tured, and the larval shell after 2} turns of the usual sort becomes smooth and
continues for 24 whorls more, quite smooth and rounded, before the normal
sculpture begins ; the latter continues in the largest specimen for 2} turns
more. The fasciole is hardly discernible except by following the incremental
lines ; it is sculptured like the rest, and not excavated ; the suture is distinct ;
the sculpture is composed of numerous fine sharp spiral threads with slightly
wider interspaces, crossed by somewhat less prominent transverse threads,
making a very regular reticulation over the whole surface; at most of the
intersections a small point elevates itself, giving a peculiarly rasp-like appear-
ance to the dull unpolished surface of the shell; notch shallow, situated at the
suture; aperture pointed behind, outer lip arched well forward, hardly con-
tracted for the broad short canal ; edge thin, interior not lrate; columella
not callous, nearly straight, simple, very slightly recurved at the end of the
canal; whorls moderately rounded. Lon. of shell, 6.5; of last whorl, 5.0 ; lat.
of shell, 3.0 mm.

Obtained by the U. S. Fish Commission at Stations 2595 and 2596, twenty
miles E. S. E. from Cape Hatteras, in 49-63 fms., sand, bottom temperature
75°.0.

This is a very delicate and elegant little shell, remarkable for the number
and size of its larval whorls and the prickly reticulation. In color, though
less decided, it recalls D. lymneiformis Kiener.

Daphnella morra DAtt.
Plate XII. Fig. 1.

Pleurotoma (Drillia) morra Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 69, 1881.

Habitat. Sigsbee, off Havana, 450 fms. U.S. Fish Commission Stations
2595, 2596, 2608, and 2614, in 22 to 168 fms., sand, off the coast of North
Carolina, temperature 75°.0 F.

The examination of more material has shown that this should be placed in
Daphnella. When fresh it is of a glistening translucent rich brown; the spire
is often quite lax, in other cases more compactly coiled, so that at first the
specimens would seem unrelated, especially if one was fresh and the other dead
and opaque. This little shell has some general resemblance to Lachesis minima,
but in details of nucleus and aperture the difference is conclusive.

? Daphnella elata Datt.

Shell small, Mangilia-like, elongated, narrow, translucent white with streaks
and lines of dark brown or yellow ; nucleus with the first whorl minute, tilted,

106 BULLETIN OF THE

glassy, the subsequent turns translucent, smooth, or with oblique transverse
sculpture which almost imperceptibly passes into the ribbing of the adult ; in
all there are seven whorls including the nucleus ; the early ones are rounded,
and soon take on an angulation just in front of the fasciole ; spiral sculpture
of three or four fine threads on the fasciole, and three or four stronger threads
between the fasciole and the suture in front; on the last whorl there are
fifteen or twenty of these between the shoulder of the whorl and the front end
of the canal; they are not perfectly uniform in size, and between them are
frequently much finer lines; these cross about (on the last whorl) fifteen
transverse rounded riblets, which extend from near the suture forward to the
canal ; the last whorl is rather compressed ; the aperture elongated and nar-
row; the outer lip angulated at the shoulder, with a broad shallow rounded
anal notch, thin edge, and smooth interior; inner lip nearly straight, anteriorly
a little oblique, canal short, hardly differentiated, not recurved. Lon. of shell,
4.75; of last whorl, 3.25; lat. of shell, 2.0 mm.

Habitat. Twelve miles east of Frying Pan Shoals, in 12 fms., Dr. Rush.
U.S. Fish Commission, at Stations 2608, 2610, 2616, and 2619, in 15-22 fms.,
sand, off the coast of North Carolina, bottom temperature 78°.5 F,

This pretty little shell may be a Mangilia, but its form seems more like that
of a Daphnella; conchologically it is intermediate between the two, It is re-
lated to the group containing such forms as M. cerina and M. citronella, and to
many of the forms from the tropics included by Tryon in Daphnella.

Section EUBELA Da tt.

Daphnella limacina Dat.
Plate IX. Fig. 10.

Pleurotoma (Bela) limacina Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., 1X. p. 55, August 12, 1881.

Daphnella limacina Dall, op. cit., p. 102, Oct. 31, 1881.

Pleurotoma (Defrancia) hormophora Watson, Linn. Soc. Journ., XV. p. 457, Nov. 3,
1881.

Clathurella hormophora Watson, Chall. Gastr., p. 851, pl. xxi. fig. 9, 1885.

Daphnella limacina Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 452, 1882; VI. p. 265, 1884,

Habitat. Station 2, 805 fms., Gulf of Mexico; Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. ;
bed of the Gulf Stream, in 447 fms. ; Station 136, near Santa Cruz, in 508 fms.,
ooze, bottom temperature 42°.5 F. U. S. Fish Commission Station 994, in
368 fms., off Martha’s Vineyard; and Station 2646, in 85 fms., sand, off Cape
Florida. Challenger Expedition Stations 23 and 24, off Sombrero and Culebra
Islands, West Indies, in 390-450 fms., pteropod ooze; and Station 122, off
Pernambuco, Brazil, in 350 fms., red mud.

This lovely little shell has a well-marked Sinustgera nucleus, which is figured
by Watson, but it is often more depressed than in the specimen he figures,
especially at the vertex.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 107

Daphnella calyx n. s.

Shell decollate and with the aperture imperfect, having evidently the
general form of the preceding, but with a slightly more differentiated canal;
surface smooth, polished, with a distinct suture in front of which the fasciole
appears as a narrow raised band, with an incised line in front of it and mark-
ing its edge; the only other sculpture consists of six or seven sharply incised
lines on the canal near its anterior end ; whorls and base full and rounded ;
incremental lines visible but faint; color yellowish white with about ten spiral
bands of alternate whitish and reddish brown rectangles on the last whorl
arranged like the squares on a checkerboard, except that, the white rectangles
being longer than the brown ones and the latter being symmetrically arranged,
the angles of the brown rectangles in one line do not generally connect with
those of the lines in front and behind it; on the curve of the base the rec-
tangles are drawn somewhat lozenge-shaped. Lon. of the last whorl, 3.75;
lat. of same, 2.75 mm.

Habitat. Station 2602 of the U. S. Fish Commission, 36 miles 8S. 4 W.
from Cape Hatteras, N. C., in 124 fms., sand, bottom temperature 61°.0 F.

This specimen is but a fragment, yet its characters are so remarkable that a
much smaller fragment would be recognizable at once, so I have decided to
name it.

A fragment of a perfectly white shell closely related to D. calyx, but finely
spirally striate and with a somewhat depressed fasciole, smooth and not bounded
by a groove, the columella much arched and the form slender, was dredged at
Station 2,in 805 fms. It is too imperfect to describe, but belongs to no spe-
cies known from the region.

? Daphnella sofia n.s.
Plate X. Fig. 11.

Shell small, delicate, whitish, with a four-whorled brown, trochiform, Sinusi-
gera nucleus and four subsequent rather slender whorls ; transverse sculpture
consists of faint delicate lines of growth, which are puckered or gathered into
a sort of narrow frill or band, appressed against the suture and bounded in
front by the smooth anal fasciole, on which the anterior ends of the wavelets
become obsolete; spiral sculpture rather strong on the periphery of some of
the earlier whorls, but elsewhere consisting of faint threads and grooves which
are extended forward more or less distinctly to the end of the canal; notch
small, not deep, close to the suture ; fasciole smooth, slightly impressed ; aper-
ture elongated, simple (the specimen being adolescent); pillar without callus,
thin, its edge slightly reflected and so twisted as to make the axis of the shell,
viewed from the anterior end, minutely pervious ; canal narrow, rather long,
outer lip thin, arched forward. Lon. of shell, 8.0; of last whorl, 5.5 ; lat. of
shell, 3.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 163, off Guadelupe, in 769 fms., sand, temperature 39°.75 F.

108 BULLETIN OF THE

Daphnella sofia var. hyperlissa Datt.

Shell shorter, stouter, with a shorter and wider canal ; the axis more widely
pervious ; suture appressed without the puckered band, but with a few faint
arched wavelets which nearly cross the fasciole, not forming a band ; there are
three normal and three or four Sinusigera whorls, all of which are more in-
flated, while the fasciole is less sloping. There are no strong threads on the
periphery of the early whorls. Lon. 8.5; lat. 4.2 mm,

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2678, off Cape Fear, N. C., in 731
fms., ooze, bottom temperature 39°.8 F.

The shell (adolescent) much resembles D. sofia, except in the particulars
mentioned,

Subgenus GLYPHOSTOMA Gass.

? Eucheilodon Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., IV. p. 379, 1860.

Glyphostoma Gabb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1872, p. 270. Type, G. dentifera
Gabb, /. c., p. 271, pl. xi. fig. 4, Feb., 1878.

Glyphostoma Fischer, Manual, p. 573, 1883; as a section of Mangilia.

Lienardia Jousseaume, Bull. Soc. Zool. de France, VIII. xl. 1884 (fide Tryon, Man.
Pleurotomide, pp. 271, 358, 1884).

This group, described from the Miocene of Santo Domingo, appears in the
recent state in the Antillean seas. A peculiarity not mentioned by Gabb is
that the surface of the whole shell is covered with a very delicate microscopic
granulation or shagreening.

Glyphostoma dentifera Gass?

Glyphostoma dentifera Gabb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1872, p. 271, pl. xi. fig.
4, Feb., 1878. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., XV. p. 210, 1873.

Habitat. Sand Key, in 15 fms.

A single imperfect specimen of Glyphostoma was obtained as above. It does
not agree with any of the others, but is so like Gabb’s figure of his type, that
I refer it provisionally to G. dentifera. The shagreening is extremely fine, and
gives a faint dusty appearance to the surface under an ordinary hand magnifier
of 8-10 diameters.

Glyphostoma Gabbii ». s.
Plate XIII. Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8

Shell white, with a peripheral and a basal brown band with ill-defined boun-
daries, and a blotch of brown on the canal; the transverse ribs show lighter
through the peripheral band and the glassy nucleus is brownish ; nucleus

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 109

acute, three-whorled, the first whorl smooth, rounded, tilted, minute; the
others smooth, polished, keeled on the periphery, after which the remaining
seven whorls become sculptured ; spiral sculpture of numerous regular rather
coarse rounded threads with equal or wider interspaces, the three most promi-
nent on the peripheral brown band more widely separated than the others;
on the anal fasciole the threads are finer and closer; when passing over the
transverse ribs the threads are rarely swollen or nodulous, nor do they weaken
between the ribs ; transverse sculpture of (1) numerous small, gathered up
nodulosities, forming a row coronating the whorl at the anterior edge of the
suture ; (2) thirteen or fourteen stoutish ribs, beginning in front of the anal
fasciole, extending over the periphery, under the spirals, bifurcating or even
trifurcating on the base, and becoming obsolete toward the canal; whorls
rounded, turrited by the fasciole; base rounded-conic; canal rather long,
sharply curved to the right, slightly funnel-shaped at its extremity; sinus, in
the young, shallow; in the adult, strongly marked, not deep, but roundly ex-
cavated in the thick varix, nearly closed by a parietal lump of callus and a
projection from the outer lip, which are rounded and smooth at first, but later
are transversely ridged or lirate ; aperture narrow, backed by a stout varix,
arched forward in the middle, behind which the shell is deeply indented ; outer
lip thin, standing out from the inner edge of the varix, transversely lirate ;
inner lip generally smooth, except for the parietal lump above mentioned, but,
when completely adult, furnished in the middle with two small oblique trans-
verse ridges, rather distant from each other, and from a series of eight or nine
close-set similar ridges on the columella extending nearly to the end of the
canal, recalling the ridges in the aperture of a Trivia ; these are very short and
do not coincide with the spiral sculpture. Max. lon. of shell, 17.5 ; max. lon.
of last whorl, 11.0; max. lat. of shell, 7.8 mm.

Habitat. Station 36, Gulf of Mexico, in 84 fms. ; Station 65, off Havana,
in 127 fms.; Station 132, in 115 fms., off Santa Cruz, on rocky bottom ; Station
147, off St. Kitts, in 250 fms., sand; Station 155, off Montserrat, in 88 fms. ;
Station 220, near Santa Lucia, in 116 fms., rocky bottom ; off Barbados, in
100 fms. ; at Stations 272 and 282, in 76-154 fms., coral ; and Station 296, in
84 fms., hard bottom. Also by the U.S. Fish Commission at Station 2405,
in the Gulf of Mexico, west of Florida, in 30-50 fms., sand ana coral.

This elegant species was submitted to Mr. Tryon when engaged upon his
monograph of the Plewrotomide, and regarded by him as new. Though beauti-
fully fresh, not a single specimen came to hand with the soft parts included.
The surface is covered with a beautiful minute shagreening, which to be seen
requires a magnification of six or eight diameters. The figures do not show the
peculiar denticulation of the inside of the aperture. Most of the specimens
were without it, and the only adult specimen figured is turned so that the
outer lip would hide this peculiar feature. As the specimens for figuring were
selected long before they could be critically studied in some cases, it was im-
possible always to avoid such omissions.

LLG BULLETIN OF THE

Glyphostoma gratula Da.u.*
Plate XII. Fig. 10.

Pleurotoma (Drillia) gratula Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 64, August, 1881.
Pleurotoma (Drillia) incilis Watson, Linn. Soc. Journ., XV. p. 425, October, 1881.
Report Chall. Gastr., p. 304, pl. xxiv. fig. 5, 1885.

Shell similar to the last, but white, with the spiral sculpture sharp instead
of rounded and the intervals wider and more irregular; the shell is more
slender in proportion to its length, and the last whorl smaller in proportion
to the spire ; the ribs (about 16) are sharp and the spirals minutely nodu-
lous where they cross the crests of the ribs ; the latter cross over the periph-
ery and grow gradually smaller to the canal, never bifurcating; the varix
is much thinner, and the indentation behind it much less marked; there
is no gathering up of nodulations at the suture, and the anal fasciole is
smoother or even quite free from spiral threads. The largest specimen had
not completed its lirations in the aperture and on the inner lip, but they
seemed fewer, coarser, and more irregular than in G. Gabbit. Max. lon. of
shell, 17.5; of last whorl, 10.5 ; max. lat. of shell,6.0 mm. There are seven
normal and three nuclear whorls.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, at Station 2398, in 227 fms., mud, between the
Mississippi delta and Cedar Keys, Florida; and Station 2150 in 382 fins., ooze,
near Old Providence, U.S. Fish Commission. Off Culebra Island, in 390 fms.,
Challenger Expedition. Station 43, Gulf of Mexico, in 339 fms. ; Station 19,
in 310 fms. Off Havana, in 292-805 fms., Blake Expedition. Bed of the Gulf
Stream, Pourtales, in 447 fms.

Both the specimen figured by Mr. Watson and that here figured are not
quite mature, and do not show the adult mouth characters. Indeed, it was
not until I had examined the Fish Commission specimens that I realized the
true position of the species. The species varies considerably as regards the
height of the spire in proportion to the last whorl. Perhaps Mr. Watson’s
name may be retained for the shorter ones as variety incvle.

Glyphostoma phalera n.s.

Shell white, acute, seven-whorled; nucleus glassy, rounded, not keeled, hay-
ing about 14 whorls ; remainder of the shell solid, finely granulated with micro-
scopic granules, which are arranged in close, even transverse lines between the
spirals; spiral sculpture of numerous rather coarse flattish threads with about

* This is one of a few species of Pleurotoma in which, publishing almost simul-
taneously, my friend Mr. Watson and myself have unintentionally both named
the same species. Our manuscripts went to the printer about the same time; but
mine were published immediately, while his were several months delayed. I had
thought of resigning my names in favor of his, as first figured, but have been ad-
vised by several naturalists that this was not admissible, and would cause confusion
in the nomenclature.

—

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. Tit

equal or narrower interspaces, the fasciole with much finer threads or nearly
smooth ; transverse sculpture of faint waves or obsolete ribs (about nine on the
last whorl) with a tendency to bifurcate toward the canal; suture strongly
appressed with obscure undulations on the margin of the fasciole bordering the
suture; base rounded conic; spire acute ; whorls below the fasciole moderately
rounded; varix thick, broad, and strong, with a slight depression behind it;
canal short, slightly recurved; anal sulcus shallow, rounded ; aperture very
narrow, about nine lire inside the outer lip, stronger posteriorly ; lire on the
inner lip and pillar (mature ?) less strong and not so numerous. Max. lon. of
shell, 12.3; of last whorl, 8.0; max. lat. of shell, 5.3 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2123, near the island of Trinidad,
in 117 fms., mud, bottom temperature 59°.5 F.

This species is smoother than any yet described, but it is possible the strength
of the transverse sculpture may be greater in some individuals. The most
prominent characters beside the weak transverse sculpture are the appressed
fasciole at the suture, and short sharp spire. It has a much shorter canal,
narrower mouth, and less channelled fasciole than G. Gabbiw.

Subgenus MANGILIA (Leacn) Risso.

Many of the species referred to this group are only known from the shells.
Except in cases where it is otherwise stated, the reference must be understood
as provisional.

Mangilia caribea Orsiery.
Pleurotoma caribea Orb., Moll. Cuba, II. p. 172, pl. xxiii. figs. 82, 34, 1846.
Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Martinique, Guadelupe, and Cuba, Orbigny.

Mangilia Lavalleana ORBIGNY.

Pleurotoma Lavalleana Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, II. p. 174, pl. xxiv. figs. 7, 9, 1846.
Pleurotoma Vespuciana Orbigny, op. cit., p. 175, pl. xxiv. figs. 18, 15.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Antilles, Orbigny.
The two forms named by Orbigny would appear to differ only in age. P.
antillarum Orbigny, which grows half an inch long, is probably another species.

Mangilia atrostyla Datt.

? Drillia limonitella Dall, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1883, p. 829, pl. x. fig. 10, Dec., 1883.

Daphnella atrostyla (Dall, MS.) Tryon, Man., VI. part 3, p. 310, pl. xxxiyv. fig. 100
October, 1884 (as var. of cerina).

Mangilia ephamilla Bush, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 457, pl. xlv. figs. 4, 4 a, June,
1885.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Station 185, near Dominica, in 333 fms., sand,
bottom temperature 44°.0 F. Northward to the coast of North Carolina, U. S,
Fish Commission.

é]

Lie BULLETIN OF THE

There are several closely allied small forms found on our southern coast
which it may be well to differentiate, as without careful discrimination and
study they are liable to be confounded, as by Mr. Tryon, though they are
separated by what appear to be very constant characters. The species are
M. cerina Kurtz & Stimpson, M. cerinella Dall, WM. citronella Dall, M. serga
Dall, M. atrostyla Dall, M. limonitella Dall, and M. ephamilla Bush. I have
been able to study typical specimens of all of them. ‘They all have transverse
ribs, fine granulous or frosty spiral sculpture, and are distributed over very
much the same region. In order of size they run from citronella, which is the
smallest, through cerina, limonitella, serga, and atrostyla, to cerinella, which is
the largest. They have, in the same order, omitting the nucleus, five whorls,
up to atrostyla which has six, and cervnella which has seven. M. citronella is of
a brilliant yellow, cerina of a waxen white tending to ash color on the upper
whorls, but no lines of color or any tint on the columella or lip ; lamonitella is
whitish, lineated spirally with yellow brown and often with some brown on
the outside of the canal or on the pillar; serga as far as known is pure white ;
atrostyla is variable as to its colors, ranging from yellowish white to dark
brown, wholly or in stripes and bands; but the most typical form has a dark
purple brown shade just in front of the suture, the rest of the shell ashy, or
waxen white, except the pillar, which is very dark purple or almost black. All
the Antillean specimens I have seen are colorless. It may prove to be a larger
form of limonitella, which is the older name. WM. cerinella is whitish toward
the vertex, ashy on the intermediate whorls, and with a tendency to orange or
flesh-color for the body whorl; it is never striped or spotted, and the pillar is
always like the rest of the last whorl.

M. citronella has a very minute brown tilted nucleus followed by three tro-
choid larval whorls; a spire markedly shorter than the last whorl, with inflated
whorls ; twelve riblets, no varix, and a very faint sutural notch, while the suture
is distinct and not appressed. The four larval whorls are prettily marked
with transverse concave ripples. Lon. 6.25; last whorl, 4.25; lat. 2.5 mm.
(See Plate TX. fig. 5.) Off Sombrero, in 70 fms.

M. cerina has a smaller larval shell with a less acute apex, the spire nearly
equal to the last whorl, with flattish whorls angulated at the periphery, nine
swollen riblets, no varix, the notch well marked and away from the suture
which is broadly appressed and undulated ; the canal is very short and the ribs
arched when they extend over the fasciole, where they usually fail. The nu-
clear whorls are smooth except the last, which has three or four nodulous spiral
lines on it. Lon. 6.75; last whorl, 3.75; lat. 2.1 mm. North Carolina to
Florida.

M. limonitella has the spire but a trifle shorter than the last whorl, the
whorls rounded, and angulated behind the periphery, twelve narrow riblets, no
varix ; the notch shallow, deepest near the angulation ; suture hardly appressed
or undulated; canal not differentiable from the aperture; ribs obsolete on the
fasciole, or, if present, arched in harmony with the lines of growth. Lon. 7.1;
last whorl, 3.7; lat. 2.5 mm. Florida. Fresh specimens show this to be a

February 11, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 113

Mangilia, and I suspect it to be a differently colored dwarf form of what I
afterward called atrostyla.

M. serga has a larger and differently sculptured larval shell, a much sharper
and more rasp-like sculpture with a few spirals larger than the rest; the angu-
lation more peripheral and less marked, the last whorl longer and narrower
proportionally, the notch wide but not quite sutural; the suture distinct, not
appressed, marginated by a thread; ribs thirteen, no varix; canal longer; ribs
narrow, not strong except on the periphery and almost spinose at the intersec-
tion of the primary spirals. Lon. of shell, 9.0; last whorl, 5.12; lat. 3.1 mm.
Antilles and Straits of Florida.

M. atrostyla differs from limonitella by larger size, stronger shoulder, deeper
suture, having only eight ribs, the last of which forms a strong varix; and in
its usual color markings. Lon. 8.75 ; last whorl, 5.0; lat. 3.1mm. Hatteras to
the Antilles. M. ephamilla Bush is an immature color variety of atrostyla
proper.

M. cerinella recalls cerina by its color, is much larger than the genuine cerina,
more drawn out and slender; it has only six or at most seven ribs, a short
aperture, no canal to speak of, and hardly any indentation for a notch; the
suture is less appressed and undulate; while the ribs are almost obsolete in
the fasciolar region ; the angulation is nearly at the periphery and the slopes
either way from it are nearly equal. Lon. 11.75; last whorl, 5.87; lat. 3.75 mm.
North Carolina to Florida and Texas,

Mangilia quadrata Reeve.

Pleurotoma quadrata Reeve, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 114; Conch. Icon. Pleurotoma, pl. xxviii.
fig. 253 (magnified), 1845.
Clathurella quadrata Tryon, Man., VI. p. 278, pl. xviii. fig. 31, 1884.

Habitat. West Indies, Krebs, Tryon.

I have no doubt that Krebs and Tryon are right in identifying Reeve’s species
with P. diminuta C. B. Adams, a name proposed for the West Indian shell
should it prove to be different. This species differs from the group of which
atrostyla is a type chiefly in its stronger sculpture and consequently. prominent
outer lip at the resting stages. It has similar nucleus, habits, granular spiral
sculpture, and distribution.

There are several forms which may be treated as varieties, being connected,
though the extremes seem widely separated by intermediate forms.

Mangilia quadrata var. quadrata.

Shell resembling Reeve’s figure, which is three times magnified, though this
is not stated in the text. Miss Bush’s M. eritima, judged by an author’s speci-
men before me, agrees well with this variety. The red color mentioned by her,
on the pillar and throat, is very rarely developed; I find it on only one speci-
men out of many. Range, North Carolina to Yucatan and the West Indies.

VOL. XVIII. 8

114 BULLETIN OF THE

Mangilia quadrata var. diminuta Apams.

These differ from the type in the greater strength of the sculpture. The
mouth and pillar are white. Same range as the preceding. I have distributed
some specimens of this under the manuscript name of corticaria before recog-
nizing its relations.

Mangilia quadrata var. rugirima Datt.

This differs from diminuta in being smaller and shorter proportionally, and
with the strength of the sculpture even more exaggerated. Key West.

Mangilia quadrata var. monocingulata Datt.

Plate XI. Figs. 15, 16.

This variety differs from diminuta by having one more rib (nine in all) and
in having the basal cingulum obsolete so that the prominence of the posterior
nearly peripheral angulation though not enlarged is much more apparent. This
is shown in Figure 15. Figure 16 shows a further modification, in which the
number of primary spirals is diminished, and those that are left are less prom-
inent, thus making the whorls appear more rounded. Both of the specimens
figured are not quite adult, and hence do not show the aperture fully formed.

Habitat, Barbados, 100 fms.

Mangilia serga Datu.
Plate IX. Fig. 4.

Pleurotoma (Drillia) serga Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 65, August, 1881.

Pleurotoma (Mangelia) acanthodes Watson, Linn. Soc. Journ., XV. p. 489, Oct., 1881.
Chall. Gastr., p. 342, pl. xxiii. fig. 5, 1885.

Pleurotoma serga Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., XII. pl. ix. fig. 4, expl., 1886.

Habitat. Bed of the Gulf Stream, Pourtalés, 447 fms. Also by the U.S.
Fish Commission, at Station 2150, near Old Providence, in 382 fms., ooze
bottom temperature 56°. F. Off Bermuda, in 1075 fms., Challenger Expedition.

This species would appear to be identical with acanthodes, while M. corallina
Watson evidently belongs to this group, though I do not find its exact equiv-
alent among my specimens. It is within the bounds of possibility that it may
be an extreme variety of M. serga, especially as between my two specimens
of M. serga there is a notable amount of variation.

Mangilia ? halitropis n. s.

Shell with eight whorls and a small Sinusigera nucleus, white or ashy, with
a pointed spire and broad body whorl; surface microscopically granose or

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 115

shagreened ; fasciole wide, smooth except for faint arched incremental lines, ex-
cavated, extending from the appressed suture to the angle of the whorls ; spiral
sculpture of slender elevated threads, tending to run in pairs, with wide inter-
spaces, and extending from the fasciole to the suture in front; there are five
or six on the whorl next to the last and 20-22 on the last whorl including the
canal; these, without becoming swollen, run over (on the last whorl 16) nu-
merous oblique riblets, beginning at the angle of the whorls where they are
largest, crossing the whorl and becoming obsolete on the base ; mouth rather
narrow, outer lip thin, arched; notch at the suture moderately deep, rounded ;
inner lip slightly excavated, pillar straight, attenuated in front ; canal short,
slightly twisted. Lon. of shell, 17.0; of last whorl, 11.0; of aperture, 7.0;
max. lat. of shell, 6.8 mm.

Habitat. Station 136, near Santa Cruz, in 508 fms., ooze, temperature
42°.5 F.

This looks a little like a Drillia not mature, but from the character of its
surface is probably allied to the preceding species.

Mangilia ? ipara Dat.
Plate XI. Fig. 14.
Pleurotoma (Mangilia?) ipara Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 57, August, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. ; Station 195, near Martinique, a frag-
ment, in 502 fms.

Mangilia? peripla Datt.
Plate XI. Fig. 17.
Pleurotoma (Drillia) peripla Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 68, August, 1881.

Pleurotoma (Defrancia) chyta Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XV. p. 466, Nov., 1881.
Chall. Gastr., p. 358, pl. xviii. fig. 4, 1885.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

As observed elsewhere, this species is very closely related to elusiva. The
spiral sculpture is equally composed of two sets of threads, a coarse and a fine
series. M. cpara and its connections have only one kind of spirals, but in
other respects they approach peripla, etc. very nearly.

Mangilia ? elusiva Datt.
Plate XII. Fig. 7.

Pleurotoma (Drillia) elusiva Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., 1X. p. 69, August, 1881.
? Pleurotoma (Defrancia) perpaurilla Watson, Linn. Soc. Journ., XV. p. 468, Nov.,
1881. Chall. Gastr., p. 359, pl. xxii. fig. 7, 1885. ©

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. Off Culebra Island, in 390 fms., Chal-
lenger Expedition.

116 BULLETIN OF THE

I am inclined to think that Mr. Watson’s Pl. perpauzilla is a young specimen
of this species. At all events it is evidently immature and closely related to
elusiva and its connections.

Mangilia bandella Dat.
Plate X. Fig. 3.

Pleurotoma (Mangilia) bandella Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 59, August, 1881.

Pleurotomella diomedee Verrill & Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 152, pl. xxxi.
figs. 5, 5a, 1884.

Pleurotomella bandella Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 250.

Habitat. Station 47, Gulf of Mexico, in 321 fms., bottom temperature 47°.0;
Station 236, off Bequia, in 1591 fms., ooze, temperature 39°.0. U.S. Fish
Commission, at numerous Stations off the east coast of the United States, in
1200 to 2100 fms.

The metropolis of this species would appear to be in the northern waters.

Mangilia antonia Datt.
Plate X. Fig. 4. Plate XI. Fig. 11.

Pleurotoma (Mangilia) antonia Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 59, August, 1881.

Habitat. Cape San Antonio, 640 fms. ; Station 163, near Guadelupe, in
769 fms., sand, temperature 39°.7 F.

This species or race may be distinguished from the preceding by the absence
of the raised pre-sutural band, the more elevated and slender form, and its
sparse widely separated and rather strong spirals as compared with the rather
faint and close-set flat spirals of MZ. bandella.

Mangilia comatotropis Datt.
Plate XI. Fig. 12.

Pleurotoma (Mangilia) comatotropis Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 58, August, 1881.

Pleurotoma (Mangilia) tiara Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., X. p. 440, Oct., 1881; Chall.
Gastr. p. 347, pl. xxi. fig. 7, 1885.

Pleurotoma comatotropis Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 452.

Taranis pulchella Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 487, pl. lvii. fig. 17 (young),
June, 1882; op. cit., VI. p. 267, pl. xxix. fig. 8, 1884.

Habitat. Off Cape San Antonio, Yucatan Strait in 640 fms.; Barbados,
100 fms. U.S. Fish Commission, off the east coast of North America from
New England to Florida, in 50-500 fms., and south of Cuba, at Station 2135, in
250 fms. Challenger Expedition, off Bermuda and Culebra Island, 390-1075
fms., mud. It has been found in temperatures from 38°.5 to 75°.0 F.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOGLOGT. lit

Maret scipio 1 5.
Pinte X Fig EB

Stell extremely skmdier, thm, wine with aime er &m delve mumied
Wierik = tmamstere sculpture cumsstie only ef the delimate wee evaienn Ines
ef grewth ; wocleas wery small wut @ifeeentiated them dhe west ef the diel Dr
colar er temture; thee mocleur wieris marked by a disumet, apparentiy Gime
serra eqmumtertal caren, wiadh svem decumes ehsulkee> fei Siete cun~
care, smmeetih, except for Ges ef growth = reominder ef whorl covered with
fime Shettly med spiel threads egarsied Oy rear’ equal intersvares amd
contimaed t the anfemer end ef the ceamal- ist wherl more diam belt de
length of the shell ; aperture simple, the match brea met wery deep, ami bone
wpem the preeediie wiherl ; eater Dp medertely arched fhrward, simple = eal
Lem. of shell, 140: ef last wherl SO: max. ht. ef shell 32 mm
Habit. Staten 263, off Sv. Vincent, im 12f Ges, letem empemitme 7.
Station 180, mar Deminica, im $682 Gus, cere, wmperite WS FP

This is & remariably deltcate and sywlar Shell: the muuth beng boven, the
characters ef the lip were madie ent fhem the Ines ef geewth Ik & mi Ie
amy ether species Kmewn te me. The mearest relative xems & be Dupindie
mower Watson, wiidh is umnch ever and Les ated im prepertum @
ms swe. The long marrow canal ef the present species ferdids ts Rhee &
Dagitmiin, amd % wei Gaymhably whhzed uearly w the Plearvivmedia cee,
and t2 MW. pelager Dall

Mangiiia pelagia Das.
Piate XE. Fip. &
Plerviteme ( ampiiiz) gelapin Dal, Ball. MCE IX. p Gl, August, 882.

Habitat. Staten £4 89 fas, Galf ef Mexico, bettem Rmperitere 323 FL
‘There seems te be me desenthed species af alll mearde related tw whis ema

Mangilia? exsculpia Wares.
Phat XY. Fe &

Plearvitme (Driliiz) exseuipitn Watsen, Journ Linn Son, XVI a St, Mare, S82.
Citmailia exsnipte Watson, Chall. Gaste, 2 STL, ph nde. fig 2 ISSR.

Habtas. Yuratm Sue, Gi fies, Gegurent. Saten 194 near Set
Cees, da 2S fas, erame sand, tempermitarga HES FL Challenger Expedite,
390 fhas., ova, nerth of Calebra Wind Weat Indien

The mackeus of this spenks & whit, chasy, glebalar and nearly smeedh,
composed ef about twe whorls met swollkem beyund the sise of these that Rllow

118 BULLETIN OF THE

them. It looks like the nucleus of Taranis on a larger scale, and is bigger than
that of Mr. Watson’s specimen as figured. But the difference is not sufficiently
important to be of any systematic value.

Mangilia ? Pourtalesii Dat.
Plate IX. Fig. 6.
Pleurotoma (Mangilia) Pourtalesii Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 60, August, 1881.

Habitat. Bed of the Gulf Stream, Pourtalés, in 447 fms. Off Fernandina,
Fla., in 294 fms., sand, temperature 46°.3, at U.S. Fish Commission Station
2668.

This is related to M. exsculpta, though easily distinguishable. If either is a
Clionella, both seem likely to be. But both seem to me to want the siphonal
fasciole of Clionella, and to be more probably Pleurotomoid or Mangilioid. The
nucleus is globular, polished, smooth, of two rather large whorls. It resembles
the most common form of the nucleus in Drillia, to which it may perhaps be
removed when more is known.

Mangilia? subsida Datt.
Plate XII. Fig. 3.
Pleurotoma (Drillia) subsida Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 62, August, 1881.

Habitat. Station 43, in 339 fms.

This comes nearest to P. toreumata, but is much stouter and more solid, re-
calling Drillia Kennicottii. The sculpture too is less varied and elegant. It
is possible that its true place is near where I originally referred it rather than
here, but I have preferred to put it next its nearest relation, conchologically, in
the absence of any knowledge of the animal.

Mangilia toreumata n.s.
Plate XII. Fig. 8.

Shell seven-whorled, the nucleus lost, the fragment of it remaining is smooth
and colored like the rest of the shell, a pale straw color; spiral sculpture
(1) of a large undulate thread, or continuous series of undulations, flat behind,
sloping forward, sixteen or seventeen on the whorl next to the last; these give the
whorl a turrited appearance; (2) of a strong simple thread revolving a short
distance in front of the suture and forming the posterior margin of the fasciole;
(3) of a dozen or more similar threads on the last whorl, extending from the
periphery, where the interspaces are wide, to the canal, where they are narrow;
on the first three whorls of the spire none of these threads are visible; on the
whorl next the last there are two between the suture and the shoulder of the
whorl; transverse sculpture of rather strong, even, irregularly spaced, concavely
arched waves, which cross the fasciole from side to side like a succession of
irregularly huddled parentheses; also of a few faint ridges on the base due to

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 119

incremental irregularities. Base subconic, slightly constricted for the canal;
notch wide, squarely cut, rounded at the bottom, not touching the suture, a
little deeper than wide; outer lip arched forward, thin, not lirate within ;
inner lip smooth, simple ; pillar straight ; canal short, wide, very slightly re-
curved, leaving a fasciole behind the pillar which is slightly obliquely trimmed
off anteriorly; aperture long, narrow, shorter than the spire, Max. lon. of
shell, 10.2; of last whorl, 6.0; lat. of shell, 4.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 176, near Dominica, in 391 fms., ooze, temperature
43°.5 F.

The sculpture of this shell is of remarkable elegance ; its general form recalls
Genota, but the aperture is rather short for that_group.

Subgenus PLEUROTOMELLA VERRILL.

Pleurotomella Verrill, Am. Journ. Sci., V. p. 15, Dec., 1872. Type, Pleurotomella
Packardi Verrill, l. c.

This group is blind and without operculum; the teeth resemble those of Bela.
The type has the Sinusigera nucleus, turbinate and beautifully obliquely retic-
ulate, dark colored and differing in texture from the succeeding shell. It is
short, inflated, and very thin, with a rather deep anal sulcus. It is impossible at
present to say whether this assemblage of forms is homogeneous or should bear
the name of Pleurotomella. Pending further knowledge of the nomenclature
in this family and of the animals which have been referred to this subgenus,
it furms a convenient resting place for a number of large archibenthal species
having some characters in common.

Pleurotomella Packardi VeErritu.

Pleurotomella Packardi Verrill, Am. Journ. Sci., V. p. 15, Dec., 1872; Trans. Conn.
Acad., V. p. 453, pl. xliii. fig, 9, pl. lvii. fig. 1; VI. p. 265.

P. Packardi var. formosa JEFFREYS.

Defrancia formosa Jeffreys, P. Z. S. 1883, P. 397, pl. xliv. figs. 9, 9a, 9b, 1883;
Watson, Chall. Gastr., p. 849, 1885.

Pleurotomella Saffordi Verrill & Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 151, pl. xxxi.
figs. 4, 4a, 1884.

P. Packardi var. Benedicti Verrity & Smita.
Plate XIV. Fig. 4.
2 Clathurella cala Watson, Chall. Gastr., p. 861, pl. xxvi. figs. 21 a-c, 1885.
Pleurotomella Benedicti Verrill & Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 148, pl. xxxi.
figs. 2, 2a, 1884.
Habitat. Station 235, off Bequia, in 1507 fms., ooze, temperature 39° F.
The typical form is thin, brown, with a somewhat depressed nucleus. The

120 BULLETIN OF THE

variety formosa has the sculpture stronger, and is a little thicker; the nucleus
intermediate between the type and the variety Benedictt. The latter has the
sculpture somewhat sharper, and is more elevated proportionally, the nucleus
being taller and with one more whorl. The differences are not greater than
those observed in other cases, both among the larval and the adult shells. I
have compared typical specimens of all the named forms. The height and size
of the larval shell depends upon its original size in the ovicapsule, where, it is
well known, some individuals are much larger than others, and upon the length
of time the animal continues in the larval state, which differs according to
temperature and other factors of the environment, The differences spoken
of by Jeffreys in the nucleus of his Defrancia formosa are well illustrated by
the specimens in his collection, which are fully as variable as the adult shells,
and, as far as depressed or elevated form is concerned, much more discrepant
among themselves. In this connection I would refer to my introductory
remarks, Part I. p. 183.

Pleurotomella leucomata Datu.

Plate XI. Fig. 13.
Pleurotoma (Drillia ?) leucomata Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 68, 1881.

Shell brilliant white, with a trochoid brown glassy nucleus of four whorls, the
last of which has a sharp peripheral keel; subsequent whorls seven, with a
peripheral row of (on the last whorl 14) short prominent subnodular waves
which on the last two whorls tend to become a little elongated and oblique ;
they do not form ribs or pass on the last whorl before the periphery; between
them and the suture the whorl is excavated somewhat and marked with very
fine spiral grooves crossed by the arched incremental lines ; over the nodules
run a few small spiral threads, strongest on the early whorls ; on the base are
five or six flattened threads with wide interspaces, on the canal are about a
dozen smaller threads, closely set; the whole surface appears polished and the
fasciole smoooth ; notch deep and wide, abutting on the preceding whorl at
the suture ; outer lip arched forward about a quarter of a turn, thin, simple ;
inner lip smooth, pillar short, obliquely twisted; canal wide, distinct, flaring at
the end, slightly recurved ; aperture narrow, shorter than the spire. Max. lon.
of shell, 13.75 ; of last whorl, 8.2; lat. of shell, 6.0 mm. 7

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2384, in the Gulf of Mexico be-
tween the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida, in 940 fms., mud,
temperature, 39°.6 F. Blake Station 48, in 533 fms., Gulf of Mexico, bottom
temperature, 41°.75 F.

Though small, this is one of the most elegant of the American species, and
does not accord in the details of its sculpture with any other known to me.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 121

Pleurotomella Agassizii Verritt & Smirn.

Pleurotomella Agassizii V. & S., Am. Journ. Sci., XX. p. 894, 1880; Trans. Conn.
Acad. Sci., V. p. 454, pl. lvii. figs. 3, 3 a.

? Pleurotomella Sandersoni Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. pp. 149, 266, pl. xxxi.
figs. 3, 3 a, 1884.

This remarkably fine species, peculiar in its colored columella, is ruder and
larger and more thick-skinned in the north; smaller, more elegantly sculp-
tured, whiter, and with less epidermis in the Gulf of Mexico. This form,
which rarely exceeds 25 mm. in length, and has the color on the pillar very
faint or absent, may take the varietal name of mexicana. After a careful com-
parison of the young of this species with an authentic specimen of P. San-
dersont, 1 am much inclined to the opinion that the latter is merely a more
slender variety with the transverse ripples on the anal fasciole finer and more
numerous. I can see no other differences. The name may be retained in a
varietal sense.

This form, though apparently not rare in the mainland archibenthal region,
was not obtained among the Antilles on the Blake Expedition.

Pleurotomella Edgariana n. s.

Plate XXXVI. Fig. 6.

Shell large, straw-colored with a tinge of rufous about the margin of the
anal sulcus outside ; whorls 10-11 (seven remaining, nucleus and first normal
turn broken away); whorls keeled or angulated at the periphery, the keel not
riblike or sharp, but lightly rounded ; in the first small whorls it is undulated
or obscurely nodulous, but in the last four or five whorls not so; from it the
posterior part of the whorl ascends to the suture almost in a straight line or
section of a cone, the anterior slope is full and rounded; the anal fasciole
is polished and marked only by the fine silky incremental striz; the other
transverse sculpture solely of fine incremental lines ; spiral sculpture, beside
the keel, of fine, rather angular threads (about seven in a space of 3.0 mm.)
with a single finer thread generally present, on the last whorl, in the inter-
spaces ; these cover the whole shell, which appears when quite perfect to
have a thin dark olive-colored epidermis, of which only traces remain on the
type ; aperture very large, the notch being one quarter of a volution in extent,
very wide, and gently rounded into the outer lip, which is correspondingly
curved forward ; canal short, wide, hardly differentiated *from the aperture;
columella nearly straight, a broad (in the type specimen) rather thick mar-
ginated callus extending from in front of the notch around on the body, well
around behind the columella, and so on to the canal; in the type the edge of
the callus is somewhat thickened and raised, but this seems to be due to senile
degeneration. Max. lon. of shell (tip lost), 58.0; of last whorl, 45.0; of aper-
ture, 35.0; diameter at broken tip, 1.5; max. diameter, 25.0 mm.

123 BULLETIN OF THE

Habitat. Station 2125 of the U.S. Fish Commission, near Curagao, in 208
fms., sand, bottom temperature 51° F.

This fine shell in its simplicity of sculpture and wide sweep of the peristome
from the notch along the outer lip is quite unparalleled by any of the known
species. Its nearest relative is P. Bairdiv Verrill, which is stouter, with a
much shorter spire and coarser spirals, beside having a shallow notch, distinct
transverse ribbing, and no distinct carina. P. Hdgariana is much more spindle-
shaped. It is named in honor of Mr. Edgar A. Smith, the well known con-
chologist of the British Museum. Gymnobela engonia Verrill, and some other
forms which are considerably smaller, have somewhat the general aspect of
this species, but all are stouter in proportion.

Pleurotomella Emertonii Verrityt & Smirn.
Plate X. Fig. 9.

Pleurotomella Emertonii V. & §S., Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 154, pl. xxxi. fig. 6,
April, 1884.

Habitat. Station 121, between St. Thomas and Santa Cruz, in 2393 fms.,
gray globigerina ooze, bottom temperature 39°.5 F.

This fine specimen, which measured 34.0 mm. in length, is one of the most
delicate and beautiful shells obtained by the expedition, and was obtained from
the deepest water of any of the Blake shells.

Pleurotomella chariessa Watson.

Pleurotoma (Defrancia) chariessa Watson, Linn. Soc. Journ., XV. p. 458, Nov., 1881.
Clathurella chariessa Watson, Chall.’ Brach., p. 852, pl. xx. fig. 6, 1885.
Pleurotomella Jeffreysit Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 411, pl. xliv. fig. 3, 1885.

Habitat. Station 163, off Guadelupe, in 769 fms., sand; Station 173, near
the last, in 734 fms., ooze ; Station 230, off St. Vincent, in 464 fms., fine sand;
Station 236, in 1591 fms., ooze, near Bequia. Bottom temperatures 39° to 41° F.
Also off Martha’s Vineyard, in 1537 fms.; off Delaware, in 1168 fms. ; east
from George’s Banks, in 1710 fms.; off North Carolina, in 731 fms., and off
Jamaica, W. I., in 966 fms.; U. S. Fish Commission. North Atlantic sea-bed
in 350 to 1125 fms., from western Europe to the American shores.

This is another one of those species which appear to luxuriate in variation,
and which, if we Had only material enough, would make the student pause
to inquire what common criterion of species he is to adopt for conditions so
different as those of the shallow water and the archibenthal forms respectively.

Among those forms in the collection before me which I regard as too
closely connected to be separable as species, the following varieties can be
recognized ; —

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 123

Pleurotomella chariessa Watson, typical. From this Verrill’s Pl. Jeffreysi
cannot be separated.

Pl. chariessa var. spica Dall. Shell more slender and elongate, 58 & 18 mm.,
with eleven whorls, not counting the lost nucleus; 966 fms., Jamaica, W. I.

Pl. chariessa var. phalera Dall. Slender like the last; the transverse riblets
fewer, longer, and stronger, the plaits in front of the suture on the anal fasciole
fewer or obsolete ; the canal shorter and wider; 38 X 14 mm.; nine whorls
and the nucleus. Off Cape Fear, N. C., in 731 fms., ooze.

Pl. chariessa var, tellea Dall. Shorter, much like the typical form, but the
transverse riblets and sutural plaiting strong only on the early whorls, absent
or obsolete on the last two or three ; the spiral lines absent or obsolete; the
shell glossy ; 29 X 11 mm.; six and a half whorls and the nucleus; with the
preceding.

Pl. chariessa var, aresta Dall. Shell shaped like variety phalera but with
the suture less excavated, and therefore looking more compact, the spiral sculp-
ture more deeply cut, and the transvere riblets more elongated forward, a little
more numerous and more distinctly defined ; the canal is also a little narrower ;
28 X 10 mm.; eight whorls and the nucleus; with the preceding.

It is possible that a good many conchologists might regard the above vari-
ations as of specific value, but I cannot bring myself to believe that they are
equivalent to species or what we are accustomed to regard as species among
shallow-water forms, where variation is more limited by the intensity of the
struggle for existence.

Pleurotomella filifera Dat.
Plate XII. Fig. 9.
Pleurotoma (Bela) filifera Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 56, August, 1881.

Habitat. Station 47, in 331 fms., Gulf of Mexico.

This species is chiefly separated from P. charvessa by its stronger spiral sculp-
ture and proportionally shorter canal. The nucleus also, though eroded, seems
to have been considerably smaller than that of chariessa when perfect. A
larger amount of material might perhaps connect the two, but I do not see
my way clear to unite them at present.

There now follow a few species which are intermediate between Pleuroto-
mella, especially such forms as P. Baird Verrill, and those called Gymnobela
by Verrill. I am unable to see, either in the shells themselves or in the
diagnoses, any differences of generic value between Pleurotomella and Gymno-
bela, except that the small and short stout forms are placed by Professor Verrill
in the latter group. The animals have similar dentition, similar larval shells,
and are similarly destitute of operculum and generally of eyes. It does not

124 BULLETIN OF THE

seem to me that they can be separated, except in a merely sectional sense. But
so capricious are the characters, that, until each species has been thoroughly
examined as to its anatomical relations, it will not be possible finally to
determine its systematic place.

It is just as well here to call attention to a peculiarity which is liable to
deceive students. The nuclear or larval shells of the Plewrotomide may be
broadly classified in two groups. In one the shell is horny, dark colored, and
in a very large number of cases has the pretty oblique reticulation of curved
lines which distinguish what I have called, after Orbigny, the Sinusigera
nucleus. In the other group the larval shell is glassy or porcellanous, much
like the rest of the shell, except that it is usually more translucent. Both
kinds of nucleus have a very similar series of subordinate modifications, of
which one might construct a whole systematic classification. Neither sort of
larval shell is confined to this family.

Now, after the larva has assumed the adolescent features of the species, the
thin horny kind of nucleus is a weak point, easily abraded or drilled, and liable
to decay. So, at an early stage, the animal begins to deposit a shelly layer
inside of the horny one and closely imitating its coils, but of course smoothly
rounded like the inside of the original shell, and always destitute of the exter-
nal Sinusigera striation or other sculpture. It often happens that the shell is
filled solidly with the new deposit, and that the horny envelope decays, leaving
no trace, while there will be no sign of erosion, and the internal deposit will
have all the effect of being an original nucleus of the shelly sort. This being
accomplished, it only needs a few of the superficial variations of sculpture and
relative slenderness to make very fair grounds for the description of a new
species. “It has such and such differences,” the observer will reason, “but
above all the nucleus is totally distinct.” As the writer has been several times
nearly taken in in this way, he thinks a warning may be useful for others.

? Pleurotomella catasarca n. s.

Shell small, fusiform, compact, with a turbinate Sinusigera nucleus of three
whorls and seven succeeding whorls, a keeled periphery and no ribs; exterior
pale straw-color with darker axially directed cloudings, following the incre-
mental lines; spiral sculpture of a well-marked but not sharp-edged keel at
the periphery, which on the earlier whorls is minutely undulated; the fasci-
ole extends forward from the suture nearly to the keel, but falls short a little,
and is bounded by an obscure, little elevated ridge parallel with the keel,
marked by one or two especially prominent fine revolving threads; the whole
space between the keel and the suture behind it is covered with these fine
threads with slightly wider interspaces, and crossed by delicate arched ripples,
neatly and uniformly spaced. In front of the keel the spirals are divisible
into primary (10-15) and secondary; the latter, much finer than the others,
run in the interspaces in groups of two or three in each interspace, except on

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 125

the canal, where the threads become nearly uniformly coarse. Whorls pre-
ceding the last extending in a nearly straight line from the keel to the suture
before and behind, the incremental lines distinct but not coarse; suture simple,
not appressed; base neatly rounded, canal moderately long and wide; sinus
rather deep, outer lip arched forward, thin, sharp; inner lip with a thin layer
of white callus; pillar and canal nearly straight. Max. lon. of shell, 20.25;
of last whorl, 13.25 ; max. lat. of shell, 9.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 117, off Porto Rico, northward, in lat. 17° 47’ N. and
lon. 67° 3’ W., in 874 fms., gritty ooze, bottom temperature 40°. Station 291,
near Barbados, in 200 fms., stony bottom, temperature 50°.0 F.

This shell recalls Sureula gonioides Watson, but is more compact, with a
proportionally shorter last whorl and canal ; the young of Pleurotomella Kd-
gariana Dall has fewer whorls in the same length; Typhlomangelia Tannerv,
which has a good deal the same general form, is ribbed, has the fasciole more
excavated, and the keel or shoulder behind the periphery. In fact, I have not
been able to find anything which closely resembles it among figured species,
and its nearest relative seems to be the next species.

? Pleurotomella hadria n. s.

Shell resembling the preceding in its general features, but larger and stouter,
and differing in details of sculpture, ete. It is best described by comparing
it with the P. catasarca. The nucleus is similar and there are seven subse-
quent whorls; the keel is less prominent, there is a narrow shallow groove
behind it, and then two sharp threads marginating the fasciole, which are more
distinct on the earlier whorls ; the spiral threads on the fasciole are crossed,
as in P. catusarca, by fine arched ripples, but in P. hadria these ripples are
more numerous, finer and closer together, they follow the incremental lines,
and, as the sinus is less profound in P. hadria, they are less deeply concave;
one of the most marked differences is a series of small oblique riblets, which
begin in front of the fasciole or on the keel itself, especially on the earlier
whorls, cutting its continuity, and continued obliquely in front of it nearly or
quite to the suture as threads reticulating the spirals; this feature becomes
obsolete on the last whorl or half-whorl, and is stronger in archibenthal speci-
mens from the Gulf of Mexico than in those from off the Carolina coast ; on
the base of P. hadria the threads are hardly divisible into two series, and the
alternations of size are very slight, and occur in every other thread if at all,
instead of several fine ones intercalated between two primaries ; the aperture,
roundness of the base, outer lip, etc., are much as in P. catasarca, but the
notch is not so deep, the pillar is not quite so straight, and the canal is a little
twisted and plainly somewhat recurved. Max. lon. of shell (of same number
of whorls as the specimen previously described under P. catasarca), 27.0 ; of
last whorl, 19.0; max. lat. of shell, 13.0 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2676, off Cape Fear, N. C., in
407 fms., sand, temperature 45°.8; 2678, in the same vicinity, in 731 fms.,

126 BULLETIN OF THE

ooze; and 2383, in the Gulf of Mexico, in 1181 fms., mud, between the delta
of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida.

The Gulf specimens, as usual, show a thinner and more glistening epidermis
over a sharper and more delicate sculpture and a thinner shell. Gymmnobela
engonta Verrill may belong in this vicinity, but it has much more the aspect
of a genuine Bela.

Section GYMNOBELA Verrill.

Pleurotomella (Gymnobela) extensa Da t.

Plate X. Fig. 2.

Pleurotoma (Bela) Blakeana var. extensa Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 55, August, 1881.
Pleurotoma (Defrancia) streptophora Watson, Linn. Soc. Journ., XV. p. 464, Nov.,
1881; Chall. Gastr., p. 366, pl. xix. figs. 8 a—b, 1885.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, off Cape San Antonio, in 640 fms.; Gulf of Mex-
ico, Station 35, in lat. 23° 52’ and W. lon. 88° 58’, in 804 fms., bottom tem-
perature 40°.5 F. Challenger Expedition, North Atlantic, in over 1000 fms.
Station not noted.

It will seem extraordinary to many conchologists, that in my preliminary
paper I separated this form and the one which follows only as varieties. The
extremes look very unlike, but I separate them for convenience, and not be-
cause I am at all certain that all these Gymnobele, excepting G. engonia Verrill.
and G. lotte Verrill, do not belong to one and the same species. The single
characters which, in general, are common to them all, may be all or only in
part exhibited, may be absent, or each single character may be weak or in-
tensified in strength, and the combinations of a few sculptural elements in this
way may exhibit an incredible number of forms, which in total, until carefully
analyzed, will seem very different from each other. The absence of struggle
which characterizes life in the deeps as opposed to that of the shores, and which
is illustrated by the absence of the protective operculum in so many species,
does not limit the variations of external form as they are limited by econom-
ical and other reasons where the struggle is intense. In estimating the archi-
benthal fauna this must be steadily kept in view.

Pleurotomella (Gymnobela) Blakeana Datt.

Plate X. Fig. 1.
Pleurotoma (Bela) Blakeana var. normalis Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 54, August,
1881.
Gymnobela brevis Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 417, pl. xliv. fig. 8, 1885.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. Gulf of Mexico, at Station 43, in 339
fms., mud, off Tortugas, bottom temperature 40°.0 F.; Station 136, near Santa
Cruz, in 508 fms., soft ooze, temperature 42°.5. U.S. Fish Commission, off

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 127

George’s Bank, off Nantucket Shoals, off Maryland, and off Hatteras, North
Carolina, in 100 to 1608 fms.

- In the typical form the transverse riblets are sharp-edged, the spirals are
faint or tend to become so, the spire is low, and there is a tendency to corona-
tion or the formation of a wrinkled band in front of the suture, When perfect,
the notch is quite shallow, as in Bela, The epidermis is pale, glistening, and
smooth,

Pleurotomella (Gymnobela) Blakeana var. agria Dat.

Shell in general resembling P. Blakeana, but differing by more elevated
spire, by the much stronger closely set spiral threads, which cover the whole
shell, by the rounder and more oblique riblets confined to the vicinity of the
angulation in the adult and nearly absent on the spire, and the columella so
arched and twisted as to make the axis nearly pervious. The epidermis is
rougher and darker than in the type and there are six whorls without the nu-
cleus. Lon. of shell, 10.0; of last whorl, 7.5; lat. of shell, 6.0 mm,

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2723, 125 miles off the mouth of
Chesapeake Bay, in 1685 fms., gray ooze.

The typical form and a specimen of this well-marked variety were collected
together.

A much larger shell with the surface much eroded was collected by the
Blake at Station 173, in 734 fms., near Guadelupe. In this the general form
has become more oval, the angulation a sharp keel forming a notch in the
outer lip, and when perfect probably marked with vaulted scale-like projec-
tions. There is a sulcus in front of this keel. The slope from the suture to
the keel is much steeper than in var. agria, and even a little rounded. Before
the suicus the whorl is covered with coarse primary threads, over and among
which are a finer secondary series. The columella is callous and twisted, there
is a short but evident canal, slightly recurved, and followed by a siphonal fasci-
ole. The transverse riblets appear to have been well marked only on the
periphery. There are five whorls, but the apex is eroded; there were perhaps
two and a half more beside the nucleus. I regard this as probably the adult
form of the var. agria, but it is too imperfect to decide with certainty,

Pleurotomella (Gymnobela?) tornata VerriLy
var. Malmii Datu.

Taranis Morchii Dall, Bull., M. C. Z., IX. p. 70, 1881; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad.,
V. pp. 486, 487, 1882; not of Jeffreys.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms.
This is the form with subspinose sculpture. The variety with the spiral
sculpture strongest is the variety tornatus Verrill (op. cit., VI. p. 251, 1884),

128 BULLETIN OF THE

and his varietal name will have precedence, since the shell is not the Taranis
Morchii as we supposed. See under the head of Turanis cirrata Brugnone,
immediately following.

Subgenus TARANIS JEFrReys.
Taranis cirrata BruGnone.

Pleurotoma cirratum Brugnone, Mem. Pleur. Fos., p. 17, fig. 9, 1862.

Trophon Morchii Malm, Gotheborgs Vet. Samml. Handl., 1863, p. 180, pl. ii. fig. 15,
1863.

Bela demersa Tiberi, Journ. de Conchyl., XVI. p. 179, 1868.

Taranis Morchii Jeffreys, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., V. p. 10, 1870.

Taranis cirrata Monterosato, En. e Sin. Med., p. 41.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2602, in 124 fms., sand, off Cape
Hatteras, N.C. Also off Fowey Rocks, Straits of Florida, in 150-200 fms.,
Dr. Rush.

This is not the shell referred to under the name of Taranis Morchiw in my
Preliminary Report. Nor is it the shell called Twranis Morchi by Prof. Verrill
in Trans. Conn. Acad., V. pp. 486, 487, 1882.

I have carefully studied the types of the genuine Taranis in the Jeffreys
collection, including original types of Jeffreys, Brugnone, Tiberi, Malm, Monte-
rosato, etc. They all belong to one species, characterized among other things
by a swollen smooth white bulbous nucleus of about two whorls, which
when the shell is young and thin sometimes shows brownish from the con-
tained animal matter. It recalls the nucleus of some species of Sipho, which
was doubtless the reason Malm referred it to Trophon.

As I have not seen Prof. Verrill’s types, I cannot say whether his specimens
are all of one species, but presume they are, and in their characters they agree
very well with the single specimen dredged by the Blake, which has the usual
brown Sinusigera nucleus of so many Pleurotomide. It has very much the
sculpture of 7. cirrata or Morchii, but the transverse sculpture is as strong as
the spirals and tends to become prickly at the intersections. A variety of this
form with the spiral sculpture predominant is the Taranis Morcha var. tornatus
of Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 251, 1884. Both of these probably
belong to Mangilia, somewhere in the vicinity of Pleurotomella or Gymnobela,
and the former is referred to above as Pleurotomella (Gymnobela?) tornata var.
Malmi Dall.

The name of cirratum given by Brugnone to this species is not preoccupied
by Pleurotoma cirrata of Bellardi, as the latter is a genuine Pleurotoma and
not a Mangilia. As it is a year older than Malm’s name, I follow Monte-
rosato in giving it precedence. The brown color of the nucleus of his Bela
demersa, referred to by Tiberi, is, according to his specimen in the Jeffreys
collection, an accidental tincture due to a deposit of extraneous matter, per-
haps iron oxide.

February 16, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 129

Genus CANCELLARIA Lamarck.
Cancellaria reticulata Linn&.

Voluta reticulata Linné, S. N., XII. p. 1190, 1767.
Cancellaria reticulata Lamarck, Prodrome, p. 71, 1799; An. s. Vert., VII. p. 112,
1822; Sowerby, Thes., II. p. 442, pl. xcii. fig. 17, 1848.

Habitat. South Carolina (Gibbes and Ravenel) to West Indies. Sarasota
Bay, Sanibel Island, Punta Rasa, Long Key, and Charlotte Harbor (Stearns,
Hemphill, Mastin, and others). Nassau, N. P., U. S. Fish Commission, West
Florida, 30 fms., (a fragment,) U. S. Steamer Bache.

This is the type and most common species of the genus. It is abundant in
South and West Florida, and somewhat less so on the shores of the Antilles.
It is reported from the Pliocene and Post-pliocene by Tuomey and Holmes,
and is found rarely on the coast of the Carolinas. The fossil Cancellaria de-
pressa of Tuomey and Holmes is hardly more than an extreme variety of this
species. Their C. venusta of the Pliocene beds is evidently a different thing.
So is the Pliocene C. Conradiana Dall, from Florida, a slender form, of which
the Fish Commission seems to have dredged a few fragments in a recent
state; but the C. venusta of Holmes in the Post Pliocene volume is not a Can-
cellaria at all, but a Tritonidea, probably T. cancellaria Conrad. Beside these
there are only six recent species of Cancellaria proper yet known from the An-
tillean region. These are C. reticulata, C. rugosa Lamarck, C. tenera Philippi,
and three others discovered recently by the Fish Commission.

I find among some shells supposed to be from Nassau, New Providence, two
specimens of C. similis Sowerby, and one of C. piscatoria Gmelin, both West
African species and probably adventitious. I think it worth mentioning, how-
ever, for one would expect to find some West African species on the outer line
of the Antilles. C. rugosa has obstinately been referred to China by the
Monographers, except Tryon, but it is a rather common West Indian species.
Perhaps it has a Chinese analogue with which it has been confounded.
C. Stimpsoni Calkins is a very distinct form, somewhat analogous to C. bullata
of West America, but the species described from Yucatan by Philippi under
the name of C. tenera, from the description, must be very like it. It has
not been figured, but, if identical with C. Stimpsoni, as I believe it to be,
Philippi’s name has many years priority.

Subgenus TRIGONOSTOMA BLAINVILLE.

Trigonostoma Smithii Dat.
Plate XXXVII. Fig. 1.
Cancellaria Smithii Dall, Agassiz, Three Cruises of Blake, II. p. 70, fig. 292, 1888.

Shell reddish brown, turrited, scalar, with 8-9 corded varices; the interior of
the aperture darker and redder, the outer lip arched, sharply internally lirate;
VOL. XVIII. 9

130 BULLETIN OF THE

pillar lip with a moderate callus and about the middle two strong plications ;
anterior notch shallow; umbilicus none in young shells, and very small in
adult specimens. ‘This shell has a depressed polished brown nucleus of about
two and a half whorls, and our largest specimen has four sculptured whorls
with about (on the last whorl) nine rounded strong varices crossing the whorl.
At the beginning of the last whorl there are about eight spiral strong threads
between the sutures, equally strong on and between the varices; there is
also a single fine thread between each two coarse ones. The epidermis is
coarse, fibrous, and dehiscent. ‘The sutures are very deep, the mouth ovate
trigonal, with about eight strong lire within the outer lip and two well-
marked plaits on the inner lip; the margin of the aperture is continuous;
there is a very small umbilical chink in the adult, but none in the young. The
throat is of aruddy brown. The largest specimen measures 10.5 by less than
6.0 mm., and the aperture less than 5.0 mm. in length.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2610, living, in 22 fms., sand,
off Cape Lookout; and at Station 2596, seventeen miles E. S. E. from Cape
Hatteras, North Carolina, in 49 fms., sand, bottom temperature 75°.0 F.

This interesting species is named in honor of Mr. Sanderson Smith of the
U.S. Fish Commission, It is related to the Miocene C. scalatclla Guppy,
from which it is distinguished by its more attenuated form, fewer varices, and
smaller aperture. It differs from C. funiculata Hinds, by the continuous spiral
strie between the varices, greater attenuation, and its chestnut (fading to a
lighter) brown color. C. minima Reeve is very like it, but wants the very
deep sutures, is smaller, and has a larger number of varices.

Trigonostoma Agassizii n. s.
Plate XXXV. Fig. 4.

Shell small, orange brown, turrited, six-whorled ; nucleus finely irregularly
reticulated, polished, nearly smooth, of one and a half whorls; adult with (on
the last whorl) about fourteen small even little-elevated ribs, which pass clear
over the whorl, and are sharply nodulous on the edge of the shoulder of the
whorl, which they cross obliquely to the suture ; beside these there are very
evident crowded incremental lines which reticulate the finer spirals; spiral
sculpture of on the last whorl eight or more primary spirals, with finer and
still finer intercalary threads, the primary ones somewhat swollen as they
override the ribs. The whorls are strongly shouldered in front of the suture,
the shell being covered when fresh with a hispid epidermis; tufts of this stand
up from the nodules on the carina of the whorl, coronating the shell; aperture
subpentagonal, orange brown, outer lip internally lirate, rather thin; anterior
notch quite small, pillar excavated in the middle, bearing three strong folds, a
moderate callus on the body; siphonal fasciole distinct, arched, but the umbili-
cus a mere chink, hardly perceptible in the young. Lon. of shell, 13.5; of
last whorl, 9.5; of aperture, 7.0; max. lat. of shell, 8.3 mm.

9

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 131

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2607, off the Carolina coast, in 18
fms., sand, temperature 73°.5; and Station 2373, in the Gulf of Mexico, in 25
fms., coral, between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida.

This little species belongs to the same general group as C. minima Reeve,
C. Smithii Dall, and C. subangulata Scacchi, but differs by good characters from
them all. It has one more columellar fold than C. Smithii, which has fewer
and corded varices and no carina on the shoulder of the whorl. Its nearest
relative is the Miocene C. scalarina Conrad (non Deshayes) which is less
turrited and has a different pillar.

Cancellaria (Trigonostoma?) microscopica n. s.

Shell minute, five-whorled ; upper whorls gray, the last whitish; nucleus
inflated, glassy, polished, remaining whorls shouldered near the suture ; last
whorl spirally sculptured with subequal rather coarse threads (which on the
preceding whorls alternate large and small) crossed by evident little elevated
lines of growth; the earlier whorls are crossed by small rounded riblets, most
evident at the shoulder, which become obsolete on the last whorl ; umbilicus
distinct, moderate, with no bounding carina or siphonal fasciole ; aperture
rounded behind and hardly angular in front, the outer lip faintly lirate within,
not thickened; the inner lip moderately callous with one (or more?) extremely
faint folds about the middle; epidermis hispid, thin, yellowish. Max. lon. of
shell, 4.3; of last whorl, 3.3; of aperture, 2.0; max. lat. of shell, 2.0 mm.

Habitat. Campeche Bank, off Yucatan, in 200 fms., and off Cuba, in 780
fms., mud, Dr. W. H. Rush, U. S. N. Station 2668, off Fernandina, Florida,
in 294 fms., sand, U. S. Fish Commission.

This is probably the smallest species known, and, notwithstanding the faint-
ness of the folds, which may be an incident of its stage of growth, it has the
aspect of a Cancellaria rather than an Admete. Its nearest ally is perhaps
C. minima, which has a different sculpture, no umbilicus, and is about twice
as large. C. subangulosa S. Wood, an Eocene fossil, now living in the waters
of Madeira and the Canary Islands, is more elongated in the spire and has a
proportionally smaller body whorl ; it is strongly ribbed, red brown in color,
and has a well-marked siphonal fasciole. It is but little larger than the present
species. None of the Italian Tertiary forms appear closely related to the present
species. Admete nodosa Verrill is totally different, and perhaps not even an Ad-
mete; and the northern species need not be compared with C. microscopica.

Of species erroneously referred to this region are the West American C. bre-
vis, corrugata, and tessellata; C. scalarina Reeve, or Thomastana Crosse, is
Chinese, and C. Candeana Orbigny is a young Phos.

Genus BENTHOBIA Datt.

Shell smooth, short-spired, resembling Admete, or an imperforate smooth
Trichotropis, with a broad concave columella destitute of plaits, shorter than

132 BULLETIN OF THE

the aperture, and not forming a canal; outer lip sinuous but not notched ;
epidermis thin and smooth. Soft parts ?
Type, Benthobia Tryonii Dall.

Benthobia Tryonii n.s.
Plate XXXV. Fig. 6.

Shell with a pale brown, thin smooth epidermis, under which is a thick
easily eroded chalky layer, recalling that of some fresh-water shells; spire
short, eroded in all the specimens, but seemingly originally acute ; whorls
about six, exclusive of the (decollate) nucleus, full, rounded; sculpture of sin-
uous lines of growth, not disturbing the polish of the surface, and faint micro-
scopic spiral scratches ; in front of the suture the margin of the whorl is pinched
up into ten or twelve obliquely radiating short waves, which may be either
sharp-edged or flattened, and become obsolete toward the end of the last whorl;
they are slightly constricted near the suture ; base rounded, without any um-
bilicus or siphonal fasciole; the eroded apices seeming perforate, it is possible
that the very young may be umbilicate ; aperture longer than wide, pointed
behind and in front, but not canaliculate; outer lip simple, receding from the
suture, then running parallel with the axis for a short distance, then again re-
ceding and arching round in front of the end of the pillar; inner lip callous;
columella thick, broad, concavely arched, subtruncate and rounded at the end,
behind which is a shallow groove and in front of which the peritreme is ex-
tended in a rounded point. Lon. of shell (tip eroded), 13.0; lon. of last
whorl, 10.0; lat. of shell, 7.6 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2678, off Cape Fear, North Caro-
lina, in 731 fms., ooze, bottom temperature 38°.7 F.

This is a very remarkable shell, with its brownish smooth surface and eroded
chalky substratum it recalls a fresh-water animal and its aperture resembles
to some extent that of Pyrgulifera or Melanopsis, but there is no canal. It is
somewhat like Trichotropis except that it is smooth and has an arched columella.
It recalls Cancellaria or Admete, but has no umbilicus and is perfectly destitute
of plaits on the axis. It is impossible to determine its place until the soft
parts are known, but it is equally impracticable to place it in any known
genus from the shell characters. I suspect it is related to Admete, and leave
it temporarily in that vicinity. Tritia integra Conrad, also referred by him to
Buccinum and to Bulliopsis (subgenus of Nassa), from the Calvert Cliffs Mio-
cene of Maryland, may perhaps belong to this group, but I have not seen an
authentic specimen and judge chiefly from the figure in the Proceedings of the
National Institute, Plate III. Fig. 5, 1842.

It is dedicated to the memory of that indefatigable conchologist, the late

G. W. Tryon, Jr.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 133

Super-Family RHACHIGLOSSA.

The connection of this group with the Toxoglossa has been already shown
to be intimate, as illustrated by the radula of Spirotropis, at once Toxoglossate
and Rhachiglossate. Doubtless the two series should be combined under one
head, and thus opposed to the Tenioglossa. But until more is known, I prefer
to leave the nominal arrangement undisturbed.

Famity OLIVIDZ.
Genus OLIVA BruGikEreE.
Oliva reticularis Lamarck.

Oliva reticularis Lam., Ann. du Muséum, XVI. p. 814. Tryon, Man. Oliva, p. 83,
pl. xxx. figs. 90-100, 1-4.

A fresh specimen was obtained in 73 fms., at Station 290, near Barbados,
and a young dead specimen in 54 fms., near the island of Sombrero.

This beautiful shell lives in the sand, for the most part too deep to be
reached by the trawl, which may explain their comparative absence from the
collection while so common in the region visited.

Oliva litterata Lamarck.
Plate XXXIV. Figs. 8 a-o, 8’.

Oliva litterata Lam., Ann. du Muséum, XVI. p. 815; Say, Am. Conch., III. p. 152,
1830.
Oliva Sayana Ravenel, Cat., p. 19, 1884.

Fragments occurred in several dredgings, but the species lives in shallow
water, on sand flats. |

Genus OLIVELLA Swainson.

Olivella mutica Say.
Plate XXXIV. Figs. 1 ar, 2.

Oliva mutica Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., II. p. 228, 1822.
Olivella zonalis Conrad, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., VIL. p. 153, 1834.

This species occurs in fragments, evidently disgorged by fishes in deep
water, butlives only on the shores, in shallow sandy places.

The animal has the posterior filament to the mantle, like Oliva, but wants
eyes and tentacles, while possessing an operculum which is denied to Oliva.
According to Stimpson, there does not seem to be any proboscis in Olivella

134 BULLETIN OF THE

mutica, or else it is extremely short. It is very voracious, and will swallow
whole a young mussel one third its own length. The respiratory siphon re-
sembles that of Oliva. The species occurs from Cuba to North Carolina, and
is fossil in the Post-pliocene of our Atlantic coast.

Olivella fuscocincta Dati.
Olivella nitidula Dillwyn (Tryon, Man., p. 64), var. 22

It is evident that nothing but a study of a much larger series of individuals
of each species than has yet been discussed will have to be made before we
can define the species of Olivella. Meanwhile, though of the nitidula form,
I can find nowhere any figure or description corresponding to this shell, while
the (some fifty) specimens which have been examined show hardly any trace
of variation among themselves except what is evidently due to differing stages
of growth. I have come to the conclusion that it is best to name it.

Shell stout, subcylindrical, short-spired ; form about that of Fig. 298 in
Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Mon. Oliva, by Marrat; free from any spots, streaks, or
zigzag markings whatever; body pale fawn-color, with a white revolving band
about two fifths of the way from the suture to the anterior end of the shell;
this band is always present, and in some specimens another fainter one is
visible anterior to the former; the nucleus, the anterior edge of the suture,
the posterior edge of the outer fasciole, and the callosities of the mouth, are
translucent white; the callus on the spire and the anterior part of the outer
fasciole are uniform dark brown; the interior fasciole or anterior callus is
white with from two to five ridges, in the gap between this and the posterior
callus are about five ridges, while the posterior callus is smooth. Lon. of
shell, 10.0; of aperture, 8.0; max. lat. of shell, 5.0 mm.

Dredged at Barbados, in 100 fms., and near by, at Stations 273 and 292, in
103 and 56 fms. ; at Station 36, in 84 fms.; at Station 147, near St. Kitts, in
250 fms. There were apparently living specimens in all of these hauls ; the
bottom temperature varied from 52°.5 to 74°.5 F. at the stations mentioned.

Olivella jaspidea GmeE.in.

Voluta jaspidea Gmel., S. N., p. 8442, No. 21, 1788.

Oliva conoidalis Lam., An. s. Vert., VII. p. 437, 1822.

Olivella exigua “ Martini,” Marrat, Sby., Thes. Oliva, p. 83, pl. xxiii. figs. 399-401,
1871.

Cylinder tenuis, longus exiguus, variis coloribus, etc. Martini, Neues Syst. Conch. Cab.,
II. p. 186, pl. 1. fig. 556, 1778.

Variety rotunda. }

Among the specimens brought back by the Blake were a number belonging
to what, for safety’s sake, it is more prudent to call a variety of Olivella jas-
prdea, as it goes through much the same series of color varieties, and, excepting

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 135

the absence of spots or dots, has much the same color markings. It differs
from the typical form in having a much shorter spire, a stouter olive-seed-like
form, and especially in the denticulation of the body callus, which, beginning
anteriorly, has two strong and a number of small not very regular ridges, be-
hind which is a marked depression, and then an even uniform series of about
ten fine ridges, the posterior of which is on the same line as the most posterior
edge of the outer fasciole ; the callus, throat, and nucleus are white ; the size
is larger than that of any jaspidea I have been able to find, and the shape is
that of O. fuscocincta on a giant scale. The colors are usually pale, the whorls
transversely streaked with rather broad soft lines of pink or brown, which vary
from straight to zigzag, or may be more or less broken; the glaze of the fasciole
and spire tends to brownish. Lon. of two specimens, 22.6 and 25.0 mm.; of
the aperture of the same, 16.6 and 17.0 mm.; max. diam., 10.2 and 10.5 mm.
They are very thick and solid, but most of the specimens are smaller,

Dredged by the Blake at Station 2, in 805 fms.; Station 57, in 177 fms. ;
Station 20, in 220 fms.; Station 36, in 84 fms. ; Station 34, in 400 fms. ; all
near Cuba; Station 132, 115 fms., off Santa Cruz; and Station 147, in 250
fms., near St. Kitts ; Station 167, in 175 fms., off Guadelupe; Stations 248,
259, and 262, near Grenada, in 161, 159, and 92 fms.; in 72 fms., near Som-
brero; and at Stations 261, 272, 273, 282, and 299, near Barbados, in 340, 76,
103, 154, and 140 fms.; the bottom temperatures ranging from 40° to 65°
and averaging 57° F. Some very zigzag-marked specimens were obtained at
Station 152, in.27 fms., bottom temperature 67°.5 F.

Some of the specimens were almost white, none of them showed any very
dark coloration; the most intense markings were, as usual, the terminations
of the transverse lines just in front of the suture, where there is a tendency to
form a band of fasciculated streaks, as in many Olivellas.

Olivella bullula Reeve.

Olivella bullula Reeve, Conch. Icon. Oliva, pl. xxx. fig. 96.

A few poor specimens were obtained at Station 5, in 229 fms. ; Station 50,
in 119 fms.; and Station 20, in 220 fms. ; all off Cuba; also off Sombrero
Island, in 72 fims., living; and at Station 230, near St. Vincent, in 464 fms.,
sand.

These specimens were all poor, and only by studying them in connection
with material from the same region in better condition, brought by the U. S.
Fish Commission, could anything be made of them. Though varying much
in characters, in the present confused state of the genus it is perhaps most
advisable to refer them to this species. The differences between the different
stages of growth in Olivella require much study, and are doubtless of much
importance. Differences in proportion of the length of the spire to the whole
length, in stoutness or slenderness, and in color, may occur within the same
species to a very marked extent. As soon as we can determine the differences

136 BULLETIN OF THE

due to growth-stages in one or two species, it will become much easier to
assign a place to some at present very puzzling forms.

Olivella (bullula var. ?) tubulata Dall.

This form varies from moderately stout, or a little more slender than Reeve’s
figure, to extremely attenuated. It is in the last case about the shape of
O. nympha Adams & Angas, but more cylindrical, pure white, the walls and
spire sometimes translucent; the broader form recalls O. floralia (Duclos)
Tryon, from the white varieties of which it is at once distinguishable by the
large size of its nuclear whorls. The soft parts dried up in one specimen show
no sign of an operculum. The slender form is 11.3 mm. long and 3.5 mm. in
greatest diameter, with five whorls. The length of the aperture is almost ex-
actly half that of the shell. The stouter form is 13.3 mm. long, 5.0 mm. in
diameter, with five whorls, and the aperture 8 mm. in length. The suture in
both is deeply channelled, except between the two nuclear whorls, which are
rounded and flattened on the summit. A specimen was obtained at Station
20, in 220 fms., off Cuba, and another by the Fish Commission in 225 fms.,
off the northeastern end of the same island.

Famity MARGINELLIDZ.
Genus MARGINELLA.

This group has been absurdly over-divided. The species melt into one an-
other, as it were, as soon as plenty of material is brought together; so that
most of the subgenera quietly efface themselves. For the species of the Blake
Expedition, which comprise only a small part of those native to the region, I
adopt for the occasion the following subgenera : —

Marginella, with Sections Volvarina and Volutella; Persicula, with Section
Gibberula.

Marginella apicina MENKE.

Marginella apicina Mke., Syn. Moll., p. 87, 1828.

Marginella conoidalis Kiener (1840), Auctorum.

Marginella caribea Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, II. p. 97, pl. xx. figs. 24-26, 1845.

Marginella livida Hinds, P. Z. S. 1844, p. 78.

Marginella flavida Redfield, Ann. New York Lyc. Nat. Hist., 1V. p. 163, pl. x: fig. 4
a-b, 1846; Cat. Marg., p. 223, 1870.

? Marginella borealis Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad.

One specimen of this common West Indian form was collected by the Bache
in 100 fms., south of Inagua Id., Bahamas, 1872.

Specimens of undoubted apicina have been collected by the U.S. Fish Com-
mission near Cape Hatteras, in 1885, which fact renders it highly probable
that Verrill’s borealis is at most a northern race of this protean species, or of
M. limatula Conrad. The specimens I have seen seem intermediate between
these two.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 137

Marginella Watsoni Dat.
Plate XIX. Fig, 3. Plate XXXVIII. Fig. 2.

Marginella Watsoni Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 71, Aug. 25, 1881. Agassiz, Three
Cruises of the Blake, II. p. 70, fig. 290, 1888.

Habitat. Sigsbee, off Havana, 480 fms. ; Station 2, 805 fms.; bed of the
Gulf Stream, Pourtalés, 447 fms. ; Yucatan Strait, 640 {ms.; Station 20, 220
fms. (young).

Although taken at several stations, this species appears to be rare, and in
most cases was represented by a single specimen, or by fragments only.

Marginella amabilis Reprievp.

Marginella amabilis Redfield, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., V. p. 225, 1852; Cat. Marg.,
p. 246, 1870, note.

Marginella carnea Sby., not Storer, Thes. Conch., I. p. 398, pl. Ixxvi. figs. 102, 114,
1846.

Marginella oblonga (Swains.) Auct., in part.

Habitat. Sand Key, 125 fms. ; off Sombrero Island, 72 fms. ; Sigsbee, off
Havana, in 119 fms.

This seems, as Mr. Redfield suggests, sufficiently distinct from M. rostrata
and oblonga to retain its separate name.

Marginella rostrata Reprie.p.

Marginella rostrata Redfield, Am. Journ. Conch., VI.; Cat. Marg., p. 246, note, 1870.
Marginella oblonga Sby., pars, Thesaurus, pl. Ixxvi. figs. 106, 107.

Habitat. Station 36, in lat. 23° 13’ N. and lon. 89° 16’ W., Gulf of Mexico,
north of Yucatan, in 84 fms.; bottom temperature 60° F.

This seems a well-characterized form, and among the specimens compared
there did not seem to be any intermediate specimens as between this species
and amabilis or oblonga.

Marginella cassis n.s.
Plate XXXV. Fig. 8.

Shell cassidiform, smooth, white or pale flesh-color, with a brown spot just
above the posterior sinus, the anterior edge of the anterior sinus brown, and
three faint touches of brown above and outside of the callus of the outer lip.
There are also opaque streaks or delicate lineations coincident with the lines of
growth and very perceptible undera lens. Nucleus translucent whitish, rather
blunt; shell with five and a half turns; spire depressed conical, sutures dis-
tinct; columella with four strong squarely cut plaits diminishing backward;
columella lip with a heavy white callus, forming a prominent lump on the

138 BULLETIN OF THE

inner side of the posterior sinus; outer lip considerably thickened, with a sul-
cus above and outside of the callus, extending backward as far as the tip of the
spire; posterior sinus deep; outer lip with its inner edge irregularly trans-
versely grooved and with numerous rounded. denticles ; nearly parallel with
the body whorl, and with the anterior sinus shallow. Length of shell, 15.00 ;
greatest width of shell, 11.20 ; width of aperture in adult, 1.75 mm.

Habitat. Station 45, in 101 fms., Gulf of Mexico, west of the Tortugas, in
lat. 25° 33’ N., lon. 84° 21’ W., bottom temperature 61°.75 F.

This species is readily recognized by its triangular form, callous Cyprea-like
aperture, and denticulated outer lip. I have not been able to find figured any
species which seems to approach it very closely. A voung specimen was ob-
tained by the Blake, and an older one, affording the above description, by the
Albatross, in 1884, while off the coast of Cuba.

Marginella hematita Kiener.

Marginella hematita Kiener, Coq. Viv., p. 11, pl. vii. fig. 31, 1854. Dall, Bull. M. C.
Z., IX. p. 187, Dec. 5, 1881.
Erato hematina Reeve, Conch. Icon. Frato, pl. xi. fig. 8 a-b, 1865.

Habitat. Stations 10 and 11, in 37 fms.; Station 247, in 170 fms., off Gre-
nada; Station 276, in 94 fms., Barbados.
One of the most lovely little shells of the region.

Marginella fusina Dat.
Plate XIX. Fig. 4.

Marginella fusina Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 72, Aug. 25, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

Marginella yucatecana Datt.
Plate XIX. Fig. 5.
Marginella (var.%) yucatecana Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 72, Aug. 25, 1881.
Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. ; off Sand Key, South Florida, 125 fms.
As no more material has come to hand in regard to this species the question

of its relations to M. seminula remain unsettled, but it appears, on mature
consideration, probably distinct.

Marginella opalina Srearns.
Marginella opalina Stearns, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XV. p. 21, Jan. 17, 1872.

Habitat. West Florida, in 14 fms.; Barbados, in 100 fms.; Tampa, Fla.,
Stearns.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 139

The researches of Mr. Hemphill in Florida, and of the U. S. Fish Commis-
sion in the Gulf of Mexico, have brought together material which seems to
bridge the gap between this species and M, denticulata Conrad, described many
years previously as a fossil. We find that the shell varies from wholly rich
amber brown to a lighter brown with obscure light and dark bands, to white
or pale yellow with darker yellow or brown cinctures, and finally to pure
white. The last form is what is here reported from Barbados, and has since
been found on the eastern coast of the United States nearly to Hatteras. The
shape of the shell is quite constant, and does not vary with the color. The
M., aureocincta Stearns is a constantly smaller and more slender species, run-
ning through a similar range of color. It has been called M. Smithii by Prof.
Verrill.

Marginella seminula Da tt.
Plate XIX. Fig. 2.
Marginella seminula Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., p. 72, Aug. 25, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

Marginella (Glabella) elata Watson, from Culebra Island, in 390 fms., be-
longs to this group, and should be carefully compared with M. aureocincta, the
young of which it appears closely to resemble, and which has been abundantly
dredged in deep water by the Fish Commission.

Marginella Redfieldii Trron.
Marginella Redfieldii Tryon, Manual of Conch., V. p. 34, pl. x. fig. 99, 1883.

Habitat. Station 5, near Havana, Cuba, in latitude 24° 15’ N. and lon-
gitude 82° 13’ W., in 229 fms., soft bottom, temperature about 50° F.

This species in this haul was found rather numerous, with M. succinea and
M. torticula, It seems sufficiently distinguished by its very narrow straight
mouth, thin outer lip, and anterior attenuation.

Marginella fusca Sowersy.
Marginella fusca Sowerby, P. Z. S. 1846, p. 95. Redfield, Cat. Marg., p. 234, 1870.

Habitat. North of Cuba, in lat. 24° 43’ N. and lon, 83° 25’ W., in 37
fms. (dead).

Marginella succinea Conran.
Plate XIX. Fig. 6.
Marginella succinea Conr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., III. p. 26, pl. i. fig. 17, 1846.
Marginella (avena var.?) avenella Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 78, Aug. 25, 1881.

Habitat. Off Sombrero Island, in 70 fms. (dwarfs); Sand Key, 125 fms.;
Station 5, north of Cuba, in lat. 24° 15’ N. and lon, 82° 13’ W., in 229 fms.,

140 BULLETIN OF THE

abundant; Station 2, off Morro Light, Cuba, in 805 fms.; and off Cape San
Antonio, in 1002 fms. Bottom soft ooze, with temperatures between 40° and
50° F. where recorded.

This species, which I was led to think a possible deep-water race of M. avena,
is found more or less abundantly in shallow water in South and West Florida.
Specimens have been compared with Conrad’s type, by the kindness of Mr.
G. W. Tryon, Jr., at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Conrad’s
species has never been figured in a satisfactory manner. The figure we give
represents, considerably enlarged, a rather blunt-tipped deep-water specimen.
They vary somewhat in the height and acuteness of the spire. The color is
usually light fawn or amber of the yellow shade, or a mixture of the two with-
out color pattern. I have from Florida some small pure white specimens which
are only differentiated by color and size from the typical form, though the ab-
sence of color gives them quite a distinct aspect. This species as a whole is
distinguished from M. Redfieldii Tryon, by its more flexuous and callous outer lip
and wider aperture; from M. torticula, by its greater width and straight axis;
from the Volvarina group, by the higher spire and posteriorly angulated outer
lip. The deep-water form is larger and less pellucid than those found in shal-
low water, but hardly distinct enough to retain a separate name. Mr. Tryon
unites this with nitida Hinds, described in 1844 without locality. I confess
myself unable to see the exact correspondence between them which he men-
tions, even by his own figures. The color and form seem to me quite as
different as in any two valid species of the same group. If nitida is to sup-
plant a later name, it would seem that Marginella paxillus Reeve is much more
like M. nitida than is Conrad’s species. The species described by Hinds is of
a deep brown, like the dark varieties of M. opalina Stearns. In looking over
a great many specimens which have come to me, I have never seen a specimen
of M. succinea of this color, though, knowing how variable this section of the
genus is in its coloration, there seems to be no reason why it should not
occasionally be of a dark color.

Marginella styria n. s.

Shell slender, extremely lucid, glassy or colored by the soft parts showing
through ; whorls four and a half; spire conical, rounded, and rather blunt;
suture visible, whiter than the rest of the shell, being thicker and more opaque;
shell subfusiform, the convexity of the left side somewhat greater than that
of the right; aperture very narrow; outer lip hardly thickened, produced
and impressed toward its middle part; columella four-plaited, without callus ;
aperture less than two thirds the length of the shell. Length of shell, 5.55; of
aperture, 3.50; greatest width of shell, 2.00 mm.

Habitat. Dredged near Sombrero Island, in 54 fms., also at Station 5, in
229 fms., with the preceding.

This little shell has somewhat the shape of Marginella torticula in miniature,

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 141

but is less asymmetrical. I have not found any species described or figured
which is so small, slender, and lucid as this one, though there are a number
of species which approach it in general outline on a larger scale.

Marginella torticula Dat.

Plate XIX. Fig. 7.
Marginella torticula Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 78, Aug. 25, 1881.

Habitat. Station 5, lat, 24° 15’ N., lon. 82° 13’ W., in 152 fms., soft coral
ooze ; also in 229 fms., near Havana, bottom temperature about 50° F. These
two hauls seem to have had but one station number.

The number of specimens obtained, and their uniformity of character, suffi-
ciently indicate that the bent axis of this species is not an individual or
pathological character. The color is about the same as in UW. succinea and
M. Redfieldir,

Section? VOLVARINA Hunps.

Volvarina avena VALENCIENNES.

Marginella avena (Val. MS.) Kiener, Cog. Viv., p. 17, pl. vi. fig. 24, 1834.
Marginella avenacea Deshayes, in Lam., X. p. 455, 1844.

Marginella Beyerleana Bernardi, J. de Conchyl., IV. p. 149, pl. v. figs. 15, 16, 1853.
Marginella livida Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. xx. fig. 100, 1865.

Marginella avena Redfield, Cat. Marg., p. 223, 1870.

Dredged dead off Cuba, in 200 fms., and at Station 2, in 805 fms., probably
from shallower water.

Volvarina avena var. guttula Reeve.
Marginella guttula Reeve, Conch. Icon. Marginella, pl. xx. fig. 101, 1865.

Dredged living off Sombrero Island, in 72 fms. Mr. Tryon confirms my
identification of the above “species,” described by Reeve without a habitat, and
evidently a variety of MZ. avena.

Volvarina albolineata Orzieny.

Marginella albolineata Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, II. p. 99, pl. xx. figs. 27-29, 1845.
Marginella varia (partly) Sowerby, P. Z. S. 1846, p. 97.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms.; Sigsbee, off Havana, in 80 fms.

Volvarina varia of Sowerby comprised two species, according to Messrs. Red-
field and Tryon; namely, the Californian species known to Carpenter and the
West Coast conchologists as V. varia (which Tryon, following Redfield, con-

142 BULLETIN OF THE

siders to equal albolineata), and V. avena. The latter has not been found on
the western coast, but the specimens of varia and West Indian albolineata are
very similar to one another.

Volvarina subtriplicata Orzieny.
Marginella subtriplicata Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, II. p. 99, 1845.
Marginella triplicata Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, pl. xx. figs. 80-32, 1842, not of Gaskoin.

Marginella lactea Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. xvii. fig. 81, and pl. xxiv. fig. 185; not of
Kiener.

Habitat. Station 9, seven miles S. by W. from Sand Key, in 111 fms.,
bottom temperature 55°.5 F.

The fourth plait is often quite perceptible, and I confess to some doubt of
the validity of this species. I have not, however, enough authentically named
material to decide on its relations with confidence. It seems to be rare.

Volvarina pallida Donovan.

Bulla pallida Donovan (not Linné), Brit. Shells, pl. Ixvi. fig. 527, 1800.
Voluta pallida Montagu, Brit. Test., p. 232, 1808.

Volvaria pallida Lamarck, An. s. Vert., VII. p. 363, 1822.

Marginella pallida (Kiener) Redfield, Cat. Marg., p. 247, 1870.

Habitat. West Indies; one dead specimen dredged at Station 247, off
Grenada, in 170 fms., soft gray ooze, bottom temperature 53°.5 F.
This species probably lives in shallower water.

Section? VOLUTELLA Swarnson.
Volutella lacrimula Goutp.

Marginella (Gibberula) lachrimula Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VIII. p. 280,
Feb., 1862. Otia, p. 238, 1865.

Habitat. Off the coast of Georgia, in 400 fms., Gould. Off the coast of
North Carolina in 17 to 124 fms., sand, U. S. Fish Commission. Lon. of
shell, 2.8 ; lat. 2.0 mm.

Volutella (lacrimula var.?) hadria Dati.
Volutella lacrimula Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI. p. 324, 1883.

Habitat. Mud flats at Cedar Keys, Florida, Hemphill.

Shorter, wider, and with the lip less prominent on top of the spire, than
in the typical lacrimula Gould. The two anterior plaits are subequal and
much larger, and extended outside the aperture beyond the two subequal small
posterior plaits in V. hadria, while in V. lacrimula they diminish evenly

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 143

backward and the anterior pair is not prolonged over the pillar outside the
aperture. They have been compared with Gould’s original type. The lat-
ter is quite pyriform, the shell being widest near the posterior third. The
V. hadria is more stumpy though still a little pyriform, and has a remarkably
thick outer lip. Lon. 2.0; lat, 1.50 mm.

Volutella (lacrimula var.?) amianta Dax.

Habitat. Off the coast of North Carolina, in 14 to 52 fms., sand, U. S. Fish
Commission,

Shell more cylindrical, sides more parallel, longer, narrower, thinner, plaits
subequal, all small and confined to the aperture, which is narrower. The
greatest diameter is about in the middle. The callus where the outer lip
rounds over the spire is not prominent. Lon. 2.75; lat. 1.75 mm.

The above all have four plaits. V. ovuliformis Orbigny, from the Antilles,
has a much narrower aperture and only three plaits,

V. agger Watson, from Culebra Island, in 390 fms., Challenger Expedition,
is somewhat peculiarly produced behind in the young state, and does not agree
exactly with any of the preceding forms.

Subgenus PERSICULA ScHumacuer.

Persicula catenata Montaav.

Marginella catenata Montagu, Brit. Test., p. 236, (Suppl., p. 104,) pl. vi. fig. 2, 1803.
Redfield, Cat. Marg., p. 227, 1870.
Marginella alba C. B. Adams (worn), Contr. Conch., p. 56, 1850.

Habitat. Off Grenada, Station 262, in 92 fms.
Two dead and worn hermit-crab specimens were found as above, and referred
to this species.

Section? GIBBERULA Swarnson.
Gibberula minuta PFreirrer.

Marginella minuta Pfr., Arch. fiir Naturg., I. p. 259, 1840.

Marginella Lavalleana Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, II. p. 101, pl. xx. figs. 86-38, 1845. Red-
field, Cat. Marg., p. 240, 1871.

Marginella minima Sby., Thes. Conch., I. p. 388, pl. Ixxviii. fig. 220, 1846; not of
Guilding.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms., one fresh specimen.

It is probable that this little shell will be found to inhabit the Mediterra-
nean, the southeast coast of the United States, and the coast of California, as
well as the West Indies. The specimens from these three regions seem to be
identical, but more material should be compared before making a final decision.

144 BULLETIN OF THE

Famity VOLUTIDZ.

This family has submitted to many classifications, and contains several nat-
ural groups. Yet, as might be expected when we take into consideration the
fossil as well as the recent forms, the lines of demarcation begin to grow less
sharp, and characters are interchanged, so that it becomes almost impracticable
to distinguish, in the group separated from V. musica, which for present pur-
poses we inay call Scaphella, features which may serve as a basis for sectional
arrangement as opposed to those which possess merely specific value. It
would not fall in with the purpose of this paper to discuss the classifications
which have been proposed for the entire family, but to pass over the con-
dition of those belonging to the fauna of the United States would be equally
undesirable.

The American Volutide begin in the Cretaceous. The direct progenitor of
the recent Scapheila of the east coast of the United States is found in the Eocene
(Vicksburg and Red Bluff deposits), and has been described under the name of
Caricella demissa by Conrad. It is not a Caricella, but a Voluta, belonging
to the group of V. junonia. There is a fine species named V, Newcombiana by
Whitfield, in the Eocene of Bells Landing, Alabama, about the middle of the
Lignitic series. It recalls V. angulata, and there is no recent species on our
coasts which resembles it. Voluta demissa has the tip or nucleus of Aurinia
(Eopsephea Fischer), but strong rounded plaits. The shell is small and
thick. The other so-called Volutes of the Eocene seem more closely to ap-
proach Volutilithes. In the Miocene there are but two * species of the Scaphella
section yet known; namely, V. Trenholmiu T. & H. and V. mutabilis Conrad.
The former is exactly like V. demissa in its general features, but has become
large and well developed. It persists into the Pliocene; a variety from the
Caloosahatchie Pliocene is intermediate between Trenholmi and the recent
junonia. It has been named floridana by Heilprin. Its descendant is the
living junonia of Floridian waters. The V. mutabilis of Conrad was described
from the Miocene of Maryland. I have not seen any specimen exactly agreeing
with Mr. Conrad’s figure. All those specimens labelled Voluta mutabilis which
have come under my observation are indistinguishable from S. (Aurinia) dubia
of Broderip, still found living in Florida. Some of my specimens are from
the original locality. If Mr. Conrad’s figure properly represents his type, it
is certainly a very strongly marked variety of or possibly distinct from the
S. dubia. This group seems to be an offshoot from the demissa-junonia series,
and is continued into the Pliocene of South Carolina, where two varieties of
dubia are figured by Tuomey and Holmes under the name of mutabilis, though
they are possibly not Conrad’s mutadilis. In recent seas this line of descent is
represented by S. dubia, S. Gouldiana, and S. robusta.

* V, obtusa Emmons is a young V. mutabilis; V. solitaria is more of the type of
Volutilithes.

February 18, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 145

The true Volutes of the V. musica type appear in the Red Bluff Eocene.
Voluta mississippiensis Conrad, of this age, is identical with V. costata Sow-
erby, from the English Eocene. These species are directly derived from

olutilithes. They are small, and would, if recent, be placed in the subgenus
Lyria. Their Miocene descendants begin to diverge from one another, some
taking on the large form of recent Volutes, others remaining small.*

None are yet known from the Pliocene, but V. musica and V. virescens
inhabit the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean region at the pres-
ent day. Lyria, which is not distinguishable generically from the small Mio-
cene forms, exists in the shore fauna of subtropical West America, and Voluta
or Scaphel/a will doubtless be found when the depths are dredged, though the
latter is not known at present north of Chile. The single Alaskan species,
S. Stearnsii, belongs to the group of S. ancilla, with which the late Mr. Sowerby
absurdly united it. Its nearest congener in the North American region seems
to be the S. Newcombiana of the Eocene, before referred to, but they are not
very closely related. V. Lamberti of the English Crag and some Continental
Miocene species are nearer to it than any one from our own strata yet known.

Judged by the recent species the shells of the junonia group are readily
separable from those of the dubia group. When the fossils are consulted, it is
evident they are genetically connected. I shall, however, retain the sectional
distinction of Scaphella proper and Aurinia for the two series, respectively.

There can be no doubt that the genus Lyria is very closely related to Voluta
as restricted ; and the one is doubtless an offshoot from the other, both exist-
ing, well characterized, in the Ballast Point Miocene of Tampa Bay.

That Volutomitra belongs in this family is certain, and I give (Plate XXXIV.
Figs. 6 and 7) some unpublished drawings of Stimpson showing the shell and
dentition of V. grénlandica. The shell figured is apparently young ; those
which I have received from Copenhagen are larger, and have a proportionally
longer canal and a little more of the Mitra form about them than these
figures.

The other forms of Volutide (excluding Lyria) belonging to the Antillean
region are all rare shells, and, from their rarity, have been little studied.
The U. S. National Museum possessed five fairly good adult specimens of
S. junonia, beside several much more interesting specimens of the very young.
Several specimens of S. junonia and A. dubia were obtained by Pourtalés in
the Floridian region. The U.S. Fish Commission in the same vicinity ob-
tained an adult A. robusta, old and young A. dubia, and eight or nine A. Gould-
tana in various stages, including one adult living specimen. The very young
of A. robusta were dredged by the Blake. In this way, probably for the first
time, a sufficient number of these extremely interesting shells for satisfactory
study has been brought together.

* This subject will be more fully discussed in my forthcoming Report on the
Tertiary Paleontology of Florida, to be published by the Wagner Free Institute of
Science, Philadelphia.

vou. XVIII. 10

146 BULLETIN OF THE

Genus VOLUTA Luinnf.

Voluta Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. x., 1758.

Voluta Lamarck (circumscr.), Prodr. Nouv. Class. Coq., p. 70, 1799; type, Voluta
musica Linné.

Plejona (Bolten) Link, Beschr. Rost. Samml., p. 110, 1807; type, V. hebraa L.

Voluta Gray, On the Volutidae, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 59; type, V. musica Linné.

Voluta H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., I. p. 164, 1863; type, V. musica Linné.

Volutolyria Crosse, Journ. de Conchyl., XXV. p. 99, 1877; type, V. musica Linné.

The type and sole example cited of the genus Voluta when restricted by
Lamarck was the V. musica, which consequently cannot be separated from the
generic name, whatever be the fate of other species. Among the numerous
names which have been applied to the various sections of the Lamarckian
Volutes, the name Scaphella of Swainson appears to be the earliest which will
be appropriate for those which differ (as M. Crosse and Dr. Gray have shown)
from the type by the absence of an operculum and other characters, including
their dentition.

The Volutes of the Gulf of Mexico and the Antillean region are compara-
tively few in number, but among them is found the type of the genus in sev-
eral very elegant varieties. Among other peculiarities of V. musica the form
of the nuclear whorls is very noticeable. They comprise a stout rather blunt
coil of four or five compact regular well-shaped whorls, somewhat like the tip
of a Megaspira, generally of a brilliant orange-yellow or its complement, a livid
purple, with its initial whorl perfectly regular, its tip in perfect unworn speci-
mens about 0.3 mm. in diameter. In a large series, varying greatly in other
respects, I have found only trifling modifications of the nuclear whorls, which
present a marked difference from the blunt irregular mammillate tip of most of
the species generally included under the old signification of Voluta, The young
shell with two or three whorls and its nucleus I have found more uniform in
its characteristics, when not modified by wear or acid, than the adult shells in
this family. Unfortunately I have never been able to examine a very young
specimen of this species, which would doubtless give us the normal number of
plaits (five ?), which cannot be determined from the adults,

Among the specimens in the U. S. National Museum are three which were
referred by Dr. Carpenter with a query to a variety of Voluta musica, but which
on careful study present characters which seem incompatible with that hypoth-
esis. All are beach shells. Two were collected by Berlandier in 1847, on the
coast of Texas, near a place called Mesquital. The other was obtained by
Arthur Schott, at Carthagena, New Grenada, during Lieut. Michler’s expedi-
tion to Darien. It measures about 32.0 by 53.0 mm., and the length of the
aperture is 45.0 mm. The shell is lighter than a Voluta musica of the same
size ; the columellar lip is straighter, with smaller and more numerous plaits ;
the outer lip is marked with six purple brown spots, the throat is of a yellow-
ish cream-color. The exterior of the whole shell is marked with sharp distant
grooves ; toward the canal the interspaces rise as rather strong threads. The

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 147

color and painting of the shell are unlike any of the described varieties of
V. musica. The ground is pretty uniformly clouded with a livid purple brown,
with three or four paler bands, which in the young are narrow, distinct, and
articulated with rectangular brown spots rather distant from one another ; the
surface generally is dotted over with a profusion of brown dots, and there is a
tendency toward a band of the dark body color just in front of the ribs, which
gives the appearance of a succession of large squarish spots, one in front of each
rib. There are eleven ribs on the last and twelve on the preceding whorl; they
are shorter, more pinched up, and much less prominent than in the short-
spired varieties of V. musica, which generally have seven or eight very promi-
nent ribs, almost like spines. They are in the present species smaller behind
and more inconspicuous than in any V. musica I have seen, coronating the
suture, and occupying less than half the exposed part of the whorls on the
spire. In the adult they are very short, but in the young they are extended
nearly to the canal.

The most important feature, however, and that which leads me to believe
that the Texas shell is specifically distinct from V. musica, lies in the nucleus.
This is composed of two turns, of which the first is white and inflated, as in
most Volutes of the Scaphella group, and is itself larger than the first two turns
of the nucleus of V. musica taken together. The second turn is, if anything,
slightly smaller, giving a papillary appearance to the nucleus. The adult shell
has four and a half whorls, which with the nucleus form six and a half, against
seven and a half of the V. musica of similar length. The youngest specimen
of the Texas shell shows seven plaits on the columella, the largest fifteen, of
which each alternate one is smaller. I have not been able to find more than
twelve plaits on the largest V. musica in the collection. This interesting form,
the only true Voluta known from the coast of the United States, should bear
the name of Voluta virescens Solander, though Lamarck’s later name of V. poly-
zonalis 1s more appropriate. According to various authorities, V. virescens
would also have as synonyms V. fulva and chlorosina of Lamarck and V. pusio
of Swainson ; the latter a broad variety. The West African habitat assigned
to Voluta virescens is probably erroneous, but at all events there can be no
question as to its American habitat.

Genus SCAPHELLA Swarnson (em.)

> Scaphella Swainson, Zod). Ill., 2d ser., II., No. 19, 1882; Malacology, pp. 108, 318,
1840.
Caricella sp. Conrad, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., I. p. 120.

It seems evident that Voluta and Lyria on the one hand and the rest of the
Volutes on the other are separated by a greater gap than divides either group
above indicated within itself. Some name must be adopted from among those
which have been applied to the shells not included in Voluta proper to cover
the genus, of which most names in use are indicative of merely sectional di-

148 BULLETIN OF THE

visions. Cymbium being eliminated, the next name is Fulgoraria, which has a
too evidently limited application to be adopted for the whole group left anony-
mous by the abstraction of Voluta. The classification of Swainson comes next
in order, and by treating his nomenclature according to the accepted rules we
find ourselves with three names to select from, Cymbiola, Harpula, and Sca-
phella. It would seem at the first glance as if this might be decided by the
types, but on thorough examination it appears that Swainson was not strict in
his use of the expression “type,” and named a number of different species as
“types” of a single genus in different parts of the same work. His reasoning
is so entangled with his peculiar theory of representative groups, as to make
his meaning frequently obscure. However, ot the names above referred to,
Harpula may be eliminated, as he figures V. veaillum as the example of the
genus, and moreover this section is, as it were, somewhat intermediate in its
characters, and some day may prove to belong in the vicinity of Voluta proper.
Of the two remaining names, Cymbiola is more restricted in the forms referred
to it. In one place V. ancilla is cited with a query as to whether this is the
type or not (p. 317) ; at another place the author queries whether V. ancilla
should not form a separate division (p. 106), and on the same page refers to
V. vespertilio as the type of the whole genus. Yet we find V. ancilla referred
to as the type of Cymbiola by authors of distinction.

The “best known type” also figured (p. 107) by Swainson for his genus
Scaphella is the S. undulata. This group includes a larger variety of forms
than the other, and recommends itself to us as on the whole the better for our
purpose, and will be here adopted.

Scaphella junonia Hwass.
Plate XXXIV. Figs. 5, 5c, 5d, Se.

Voluta junonia Hwass, Chemnitz, Conchyl. Cab., XI. p. 16, pl. elxxvii. figs. 1708,
1704; 1795. Swainson, Exotic Conchology, pl. xxxiii.
Scaphella junonia Swainson, Malacology, p. 108, 1840.

Habitat. Pass-a-Grille, Florida, on the beach, Hemphill; Florida Keys,
Jewett; Florida Reefs, Pourtalés; Station 2608, U. S. Fish Commission, 17
miles S. E. by E. 3 E. from Cape Lookout, North Carolina, in 22 fms., sand
and shell, bottom temperature 78°.2 F. ; Station 2414, in the Gulf of Mexico,
between Tampa Bay and Dry Tortugas, lat. 25° 4’ N., lon. 82° 59’ W., in 26
fms., sand ; and near Nassau, New Providence, dead in shallow water.

The adult shell is well known and has been repeatedly figured. It has no
overglaze. The characters of the nucleus and the young have been less pre-
cisely stated, except as might be inferred from a study of the adult. Chemnitz
pointed out that the early whorls are sculptured, and that a coarse spiral stria-
tion is faintly visible toward the anterior end. The anterior plaits are less
strong than those behind them, especially in the young, a feature which was
the chief character relied upon by Swainson in his division of the Volutidae. A

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 149

young shell of (in all) three and a quarter turns, perfectly fresh, affords the
following notes.

Color. — The beginning of the nucleus livid purple ; the second whorl (which
is post-embryonic) pale waxen white ; the rest of the shell waxen white with
five series of rectangular dark purple-brown spots; two other series begin on
the last half-whorl; the spots, at first angular, become rounded at the corners ;
throat, plaits, and siphonal fasciole of varying pale shades of salmon-color;
epidermis very thin, smooth, very pale brown.

Sculpture. — Embryonic part of the shell finely granulous and with a slightly
irregular surface, its initial point rounded and folded in laterally ; next half-turn
polished, finely spirally striate; then small narrow longitudinal ribs begin to
appear, which are most developed on the third whorl and begin to die out at
the end of that whorl. These when most developed extend entirely across
the whorl, their centres a little more than a millimeter apart, on the average.
There are in this specimen about twenty-four well-developed ribs, and a num-
ber more or less incomplete or obsolete. They are, on the body of the whorl,
crossed by fine threads, more prominent in the interspaces between the ribs, and
on the anterior part by about ten stouter threads, which ride over the ribs and
reticulate them; these threads, however, become obsolete on the siphonal fas-
ciole. The pillar has four strong plaits on its posterior half; they increase in
size, from in front backward. The length of the shell is 23.0; the length of
the last whorl, 19.0; the maximnm diameter of the shell, 12.0 mm. The form
of the nuclear (embryonic) part is globose, with the initial point rounded and
slightly inflated, or protruding laterally from the general orb of the nucleus.

From the appearance of the nucleus in these forms of the genus I am im-
pressed with the idea that the earliest shell substance, under which a shelly nu-
cleus is secreted, is soft and cuticular, and that this protoconch is lost, perhaps
while still in the ovicapsule. In this respect they differ strongly from the
true Volutes typified by V. musica, which look as if their regularly coiled nu-
cleus was shelly from the outset. Another point is worthy of attention, and
that is that the young shells appear to show the plaits much more characteris-
tically and normally than do the adults, especially in the section which follows
(Aurinia). It should also be noted that the characters of the nucleus cannot
be as well studied in the adult shell as in the very young, for the shelly matter
of and about the nucleus seems softer than that secreted by the adult, and all
the characteristic features are liable to be worn away, leaving a smooth mammil-
lary tip which might readily be taken as normal. It would seem that the
Volutes, as they grow, rapidly fill the cavity of the nucleus with solid shell,
from which the original surface is in adults often entirely worn away, without
appearing denuded to the observer.

It is perhaps worth mentioning that a very intelligent waterman with whom
I cruised on the west coast of Florida, and who had found a living Scaphella
junonia on the beach after a heavy storm, insisted that it had an operculum.
He cleaned the shell and sold it to a tourist, but did not preserve the oper-
culum, which he alleged resembled that of Fulgur, but was proportionally

150 BULLETIN OF THE

smaller. I give this information for what it may be worth, and am by no
means certain that the memory of my informant is to be wholly trusted ;
though I believe the statement was made in entire good faith.

Subgenus AURINIA H. & A. Apams.

= Aurinia H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., I. p. 166, 1858.

< Aurinia H. & A. Adams, Jbid., Il. p. 617, 1858.

< Livonia Gray, fide H. & A. Adams, /. c., p. 617, 1858.

= Volutifusus Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 563, 1862; Meek, Check-List
Inv. Fos. N. Am. Miocene, p. 19, 1864. Conrad, Am. Journ. Conch., II. p. 66,
1866. Tryon, Struct. & Syst. Conch., II. p. 166, 1885.

< Megaptygma Gabb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1876, p. 292; Tryon, Struct. and
Syst. Conch., II. p. 166, 1883 (not Megoptygma Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil., 1862, p. 568, type V. sinuosa Gabb).

Aulica sp. Tryon, Man., IV. p. 90, 1882.

Shell fusiform, thin, columellar plaits obsolete in the adult, external surface
finely sculptured sometimes beneath an overglaze; permanent nucleus begin-
ning with a sharp erect point ; operculum and radula absent. Type, Voluta
dubia Broderip.

The subgenus Aurinia was first proposed by H. & A. Adams for V. dubia.
In the supplement to their work they included with it an entirely distinct
form with a lateral nucleus, which would seem to have been named Livonia
by Gray, and afterward Mamillana by Crosse. Volutifusus Conrad was based
on V. mutabilis, V. dubia, and allied forms purely identical with Aurinia.
Megaptygma Conrad, which has been united with Volutifusus by Gabb and
Tryon, has directly antithetical characters, as the name implies, and, while
perhaps not valid, is not a synonym of Aurinia or Volutifusus. All these
forms have been referred to Aulica by Tryon, but the nucleus of Aulica is of
an entirely different character.

The type is one of the most remarkable shells of the family. It is accom-
panied in the Miocene Tertiary by Aurinia mutabilis Conrad, and is itself not
uncommon in the Post Pliocene.

It may be observed, that the Scaphella (Psephea) concinna Broderip,* of
which a fairly preserved specimen was dredged by Stimpson in Hakodadi Bay,
Japan, is closely related to Aurinia in its conchological characters. The ex-
treme tip of the nucleus appears to be lost in all the specimens, but is very
likely to resemble that of Aurinia, The Eocene species of the Paris Basin
referred to by Dr. Fischer (Man., p. 607, ex. V. muricina), and to which, on
account of their Aurinia-like nucleus, he has given the name of Eopsephea,
may be paralleled in the Scaphella demissa of our own Eocene, which has,
however, the plaits of normal Scaphella. It is evident that the gaps are
bridged by the fossils, and too many names will prove little less than a burden,

* Of which S. lyriformis Kiener (not Swainson) and S. Prevostiana Crosse are
perhaps varieties, and all possibly referable to S. megaspira Sby.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 15]

It may also be noted that the peculiar thick anterior plait in S. Prevostiana
and concinna is almost paralleled in the S. Stearnsii of Alaska, though, if the
description given in the Manual by Dr. Fischer of the dentition of S. concinna
be correct, the two species are very properly subgenerically, or even generi-
cally separated. Still, the free interchange of characters in the known species
would lead us to suspect a similar state of things with those species whose
soft parts are not yet known, and it will not be until all have been examined
that we can feel confident that any present arrangement will not have to be
modified.

Aurinia dubia Broperie.

Voluta dubia Brod., Zool. Journ., III. p. 81, pl. iii. fig. 1, 1828.

Fusus tessellatus Schubert & Wagner, Suppl. Bd. Mart. und Chemn. Conchyl. Cab.,
p. 24, pl. ccxix. figs. 3048, 3049, 1829. Kiener, Icon. Rec. Shells, /'usus,
p. 39, pl. xxix. fig. 1, copied in Reeve, Conch. Icon., IV. Fusus, pl. xiv. fig.
53, 1847. (Not of Zekeli and Pictet, Fos. Gosaugeb., 1852.)

Voluta dubia Sby., Thes. Conehyl., pl. lv. fig. 115, 1847 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Voluta,
pl. xxii. fig. 59, 1849. :

Voluta (Aurinia) dubia H. & A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll., I. p. 166, 1855.

Voluta ( Volutifusus) dubia Conrad, Am. Journ. Conch., II. p. 66, 1866.

Voluta mutabilis Tuomey & Holmes, Plioc. Foss. S. Car., p. 128, pl. xxvii. figs. 5, 6,
1856. Not of Conrad, Journ. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phil., VII. p. 1385, 1838, and
Am. Journ. Sci., XLI. p. 346, pl. xi. fig. 7, 1841.

Voluta (Aulica) dubia Tryon, Man., IV. p. 90, pl. xxvii. figs. 77, 81, 1882.

Voluta dubia Dohrn, Jahrb. D. Mal. Ges., VI. pp. 150-156, pl. iv. figs. 1-3, 1879.

Habitat. Florida Reefs, Pourtalés, south and west coast of Florida, Dohrn ;
U.S. Fish Commission, at Station 2402, between the mouth of the Mississippi
and Cedar Keys, in the Gulf of Mexico, lat. 28° 36’ N., lon. 85° 33’ W., in 111
fms., gray mud, two living specimens ; Station 2603, thirty-six miles 8S. 4 W.
from Cape Hatteras, N. C., in 124 fms., sand; Station 2604, thirty-nine miles
S. by W. 4 W. from Cape Hatteras, in 34 fms., yellow sand, bottom tempera-
ture 79° F. (dead fragment); and Station 2614, thirty-six miles S. E. 4 S.
from Cape Lookout, N. C.,in 168 fms., gray sand, bottom temperature 489.5 F.
(fresh young specimen).

This is probably the most slender species of the genus, and one of the thin-
nest, though the specimens figured by Dohrn seem to have been heavier than
any of those I have seen, or than are represented by any of the other figures
extant. It is covered all over by fine spiral sculpture, no coarser in front than
elsewhere; it has also the peculiarity noted in some species of Cymba, of
sometimes being covered all over by a sort of whitish glaze, which obscures the
suture, the sculpture, and the coloration. Dohrn’s figures look as if the shells
had been artificially cleaned, to the advantage of their appearance but the loss
of scientific value. This species has normally only two plaits, which, in the
adult, are generally obsolete; one of Dohrn’s, however, had the columellar edge
grooved, as if possessing two additional minor plaits.

152 BULLETIN OF THE

A young specimen, of the same age as the young S. junonia before described,
presented the following characters.

Colors. — Nucleus and first turn purplish brown (this fades with wear and
exposure to an orange or buff) ; ground color pale salmon, or like the inside
of a ripe canteloupe melon; spots smaller, more angular, and more uniform
than in S. junonia, and arranged in six series; the peripheral series had twelve
spots, in S. jwnonia only nine ; pillar like the basal color.

Sculpture. — The nucleus, larger than the next turn, is finely granulous as in
junonia, but is shaped like Natica mamilla ; the initial point is a point, dis-
tinctly elevated above the rest. When its original surface is worn away, the
hard core with which it is filled forms a sharper and more elevated point than
there was originally. The spiral striation is uniform ; the whorls are com-
pressed in front of the suture ; the ribs therefore, which do not become obsolete
as soon as in S. junonia, have their shoulders some distance in front of, instead
of at, the suture, as in that species; there are seventeen of them on the last turn,
and they become obsolete immediately in front of the periphery as a rule ; the
epidermis, smooth in the adult, is distinctly hispid in the young; there are
two clear cut but small plaits on the remarkably straight columella at its pos-
terior end. The shell is 32.0 mm. long, the last whorl, 27.0 mm., and the
maximum diameter, 12.0mm. In an adult of 90.0 mm. long, the maximum
diameter is 25.0 mm.

A very good figure of this species is that (fig. 5) given by Tuomey and
Holmes, above cited. It represents a specimen from the Post Pliocene beds of
the Peedee River, S. C. Casts are said to be abundant in the marl of Goose
Creek. Neither of the figures on this plate represents the typical S. mutabilis,
as they differ remarkably from Conrad’s original figure.

Two specimens of this species were obtained in a living state at Station 2402,
by the U. S. Fish Commission, but were not discovered in the alcoholic col-
lection until after the preceding and succeeding remarks on this family had
been some time concluded. ‘They were both males, and afforded the following
notes.

The animal is of a pinkish white color, the anterior parts more orange or
reddish, the sides granular, with stellate black markings, and a certain amount
of dark pigment aggregated toward the tip of the proboscis, siphonal fold, and
margin of the foot. The foot is somewhat auriculated at its anterior corners,
double across its front edge, and folded longitudinally. The tentacles are
large with acute tips, and their bases, laterally angulated, continuous with
the veil and not notched, are separated in the median line by a deep sulcus.
The eyes are small and black, on small pretty well differentiated peduncles,
outside of and behind the bases of the tentacles, There are two well-developed
gills, and, on the opposite side, on the dome of the mantle, a large transversely
corrugated slime-gland. The anus is in the nuchal commissure and incon-
spicuous. The penis is not sickle-shaped, but small, subrectangular, with an
inconspicuous lateral tip, the whole laid back on the neck and pointing
caudally. There is a small squarish appendicle to the siphonal fold which

=

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 153

resembles that of A. Gouldiana. There is no jaw, nor any radula, so this fea-
ture may be taken as diagnostic of Aurinia. There are two little cartilaginous
pads near the tip of the proboscis. There is no opercular pad or operculum,
nor was there any visible color gland.

On the whole, the general characters of the soft parts agree well with
A, Gouldiana, though differing in some minor details.

Aurinia robusta n.s.

Plate XXXV. Fig. 2.

Shell large, stout, with a chalky external layer under a thin pale yellow epi-
dermis, and an internal porcellanous white layer; a strongly curved and re-
curved canal ; four columella plaits, nearly obsolete in the adult; the surface
finely spirally striated; earlier whorls with the suture appressed and numerous
(on the fourth whorl about 25) small short transverse riblets mounted on the
periphery ; outer lip sharp; throat pure white; pillar lip merely glazed, ex-
terior spotted with squarish brown spots with less regularity of size and posi-
tion and more distant than in S. jwnonia ; whorls six beside the nucleus, fully
rounded, somewhat irregularly coiled. Lon. of shell, 119.0; of last whorl,
100.0; of aperture, 88.0 mm. Max. diameter of shell, 52.0 mm.

Nucleus small, of one and a half concave whorls, with the acute initial point
central, rising above the margin of the concave, which is formed by the sharp
posterior edge of the first post-embryonic whorl; this whorl is sculptured
with very low flat striated transverse riblets with narrower channelled inter-
spaces, extending clear across the whorl and both crossed by about eight dis-
tinct spiral threads between the two sutures ; after the first turn the transverse
bands become narrower, the interspaces about equal to them, and the spiral
threads wider and flattened so that a fine and exceedingly elegant trellising is
the result. The second whorl begins to be spotted with squarish brown spots
with fainter edges, of which seven series appear at the end of the second turn:
interior yellowish white with four sharp plaits on the pillar, very oblique, and
growing stronger backward ; epidermis smooth, thin, not polished ; suture
very closely appressed. Lon. of this young shell, with nucleus and two whorls,
12.0 ; of second whorl, 11.0; max. diam., 5.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 55, off Havana, in lat. 22° 9’.5 and lon. 82° 21’.5, in 242
fms.; Station 50, lat. 26° 31’ and lon. 85° 53’, in 119 fms; U. S. Fish Com-
mission Station 2397, in the Gulf of Mexico, lat. 28° 42’, lon. 86° 36’, in
280 fms., gray mud, bottom temperature 46°.1 F.

This fine and remarkable species is peculiarly distinguished by its chalky
outer layer, under a pale epidermis, which becomes eroded, like that of a fresh-
water shell. The form of the nucleus, if the hypothesis of a rnembranous em-
bryonic first shell be admitted, would be due to a calcification which did not
extend to the dome of the membrane, while the acute initial point of the cal-
cified part may be supposed to occupy the vicinity of the pillar in the soft

154 BULLETIN OF THE

shell. The posterior margin of the first post-embryonic whorl might easily be
rounded off by erosion, when the solid nucleus within after a little wear would
put on quite a different appearance. The pattern of coloration, resembling
S. junonia and S. dubia, also resembles that of young Conus floridanus, Conus
Mazei Deshayes, and other not related archibenthal species. The pillar is
more flexuous than in either of the other species. The riblet sculpture resem-
bles not only that of S. dubia and S. Gouldiana in a general way, but also that
of the fossil S. mutabilis, perhaps the precursor of all the Gulf species. The
Blake dredged only fragments of this shell, the Fish Commission a single
adult.

Aurinia Gouldiana n. s.
Plate XXIX. Fig. 3.

Voluta Gouldiana Dall, Conch. Exchange, II. p. 10, July, 1887.

Shell rather small, solid, slender, white, brownish plum-color, or spirally
banded with whitish and claret-color, rarely square-spotted in spiral series;
whorls moderately full, five and a half beside the nucleus ; sculpture of fine
close distinct spiral threads covering the whole surface except the anterior part
of the last whorl, where they gradually give way to much stronger and more dis-
tant threads, which in some specimens wind into the aperture, as if simulating
small plaits ; the nucleus is nearly flat, whitish, consisting of one whorl rising
a little above the posterior edge of the first post-embryonic whorl, and having
a central projecting initial point, but less prominent than in V. robusta. The
suture is appressed and in the early whorls a little marginated ; the first whorl
is only strongly spirally striated and convexly rounded; the succeeding whorls
have the periphery rippled by a succession of (on the third whorl 22) small
waves, with their anterior slope steeper than the other, and which, in some
specimens, extend to the last third of the last whorl before becoming obsolete,
though ceasing sooner in others; these waves are generally confined to the
periphery and vary in strength and number in different specimens, one speci-
men having only eighteen on the third whorl; the color varies from yellowish
white to a ruddy brown with a suggestion of purple in it, which is usually
stronger at the suture along the pillar and outer lip, and especially toward the
end of the canal. The fresh specimens nearly all show a tendency to spiral
banding; one beautiful but half-grown specimen has six narrow pale bands, the
second from the suture being on the periphery, with the much wider inter-
spaces of a brownish claret color; this fades slightly, but the white ones do not
seem faded. The outer lip is sharp with a dark margin, the throat whitish,
the pillar callus yellowish white ; there are, in the very young, four plaits, of
which the first and third, counting backward, are fainter than the other two;
in adult shells rarely are more than two visible and those are quite faint ;
there is only a light glaze on the body whorl; in the adults the nucleus and
first whorl are generally so worn as to resemble one of the common round

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 155

mammillate tips seen normally in many Volutes. Lon. of shell (largest adult),
69.0; of last whorl, 55.0; of aperture, 45.0; max. diameter of shell, 25.0 mm,

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2316, off Key West, in 50 fms.,
coral, a unique spotted fragment ; Station 2415, off Georgia, in 440 fms., sand;
Station 2314, off South Carolina, lat. 32° 43’, lon. 77° 51’, in 159 fms., coarse
sand, bottom temperature 47°.4 F.; Stations 2624 and 2625, seventy-five
miles S. by E. 4 E. from Cape Fear, North Carolina, in 258 and 247 fms., gray
sand, bottom temperature 46°.0 F.; also at Stations 2659 and 2661, off Cape
Canaveral, Florida, in 509 and 455 fms., bottom temperature 45°.2 and 45°.5 ;
Station 2665, off St. Augustine, in 263 fms., sand, temperature 45°.2 ; and Sta-
tion 2668, off Fernandina, in 270 fms., sand, temperature 48°.3 F. (living).

This species is the only one of the group, except V. vexillum, which has a
normal color pattern of unmodified spiral bands. Out of twelve specimens
seen, only one had the bands broken into squarish distant spots. Its surface,
in some specimens, shows a very thin chalky layer, but it does not seem to be
subject to erosion, Though a comparatively small species, it offers in its color-
ation an agreeable variety from the brown spotted pattern presented by the
others, and, with the exception of V. Stearnsii which outrivals all others, is
one of the most northern species of the genus. It is named in honor of the
late Dr. A. A. Gould, author of the Report on the Shells of the Wilkes Ex-
ploring Expedition.

This species is entirely without trace of an operculum, opercular gland, or
pad. To better make comparisons I took the oportunity of examining the
corresponding soft parts of Scaphella Stearnsii Dall, from Alaska, in lat. 55° N.,
fom. 160" W. Gr.

In S. Stearnsii there was a small but distinct opercular pad, but with no
operculum on it. I should not be surprised if at some future time specimens
of this species were found with a small operculum. The surface of the foot in
S. Stearnsii is coarsely granulous, whitish with spots and streaks of vermilion.
The color gland produced an abundance of a beautifully pure blue secretion.
In Aurinia Gouldiana the surface of the foot is velvety, smooth with very
fine granulations, white, with shades of olive tipping the stronger granulations.
The sole of the foot in Stearnsti (as contracted in alcohol) showed a spongy
layer with reticulated structure, evidently very distensible, the front edge of the
foot was double, the groove not deep, and the front edge seemed to show no
tendency to indentation in the median line, or lobulation at the anterior cor-
ners ; Gouldiana seemed to be somewhat indented, otherwise the foot did not
differ from Stearnsii except that the spongy sole was of finer texture. In both,
in retracting it into the shell, the foot was folded longitudinally. In Gouldiana
the secretion of the color gland is pale violet and scanty. There are two gills
in both species, the lower or outer (left hand) one the smaller. In Gouldiana
the outer gill is a blackish olive-color, the other one whitish like the body.
The former doubtless performs the function of an osphradium, but I question
whether it has not also something of a respiratory function. In Stearnsii the
gills seemed coarser and the lamelle proportionally less numerous. The

156 BULLETIN OF THE

penis in Gouldiana is stout, long, and twisted back, circularly wrinkled
with a small pointed appendage at the tip. In Stearnsii the penis is broader
and shorter, folded under and backward, and shaped like the distal end of a
flattish bean-pod, transversely striated and thicker on its anterior than on
its hinder edge. In Stearnsii there are two appendages like tentacula at the
posterior end of the siphonal fold, one on each side, which must project forward
when the animal is expanded; in Gouldiana there is a median ridge in the
gutter of the siphonal fold, which projects more and more as one follows it
backward, and at its posterior end has a single appendage, shorter and broader
than the lateral appendages of Stearnsii, which last has no median ridge in the
fold. There is something like this ridge in the siphonal fold of Turbinella
pyrum.

In Stearnsii the siphonal fold when developed by the animal must resemble
that of Cymbiola brasiliana as figured by H. and A. Adams (Gen. Rec. Moll,
pl. xviii. fig. 1), and the rest of that figure would do very well for the soft parts
of Scaphella Stearnsii except in two particulars. The first is, that the flap,
upon the anterior outer corner of which the eyes are situated, ceases a little
distance behind the eye, and its outer edge rounds inward to the body wall.
The second is, that between the tentacula and separated from them by a deep
notch on each side is a broad flap or veil, very thin and rounded in front with-
out indentation. From under this the stout long proboscis is extruded. This
flap in a contracted state is as long as the tentacles. The teeth are precisely
like those of Scaphella scapha L., as figured by various authorities (‘Troschel,
Gebiss der Schnecken, Bd. II. pl. v. fig. 3).

In Aurinia Gouldiana the front of the head is somewhat different. The eye
flaps are small and subtriangular, instead of rounded rectangular. The tenta-
cles are proportionally flatter, larger, and longer, and are divided from the veil
by only a slight notch. The veil itself is divided into two lobes by a deep
median fissure, and these lobes have each a sort of blunt point in the middle in
front. I was unable to discover any radula after careful search. There cer-
tainly was no sign of it in its proper place.

It will be seen from these observations, that, so far as the head and foot are
concerned, Aurinia is very much like Lyria. The siphonal fold, penis, and
operculum differ; the last being wholly absent in Aurinia. From Scaphella
proper it is also separated by marked differences of the soft parts. I hope
that in time I shall be able to examine the soft parts of V. junonia. The late
Colonel Jewett told a story, which might well make a conchologist shudder, of
coming upon a Floridian “Cracker,” by the beach, just as he had broken the
roasted shell of a fine V. junonia, and was about to swallow the contents !

Genus MITRA Lamarck.

The Mitre-shells of the West Indies have never been revised, though a list
of the species known or supposed to belong to the fauna was included by Krebs
in his Catalogue, and the species referred to in the general literature were

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 157

indexed by mein the “ List of Marine Mollusca.” Some species have been
wrongly referred to this fauna, such as exilis Reeve, and tiarella Lamarck,
through erroneous identifications or labels, Some species have been so poorly
described that no identification is possible, such as obliquata Lam. (perhaps a
variety of nodulosa) and exigua C. B. Adams. M. interpunctata Carpenter, I
find catalogued by Morch in Poulsen’s list ; but I can find no other reference
to it, or any description anywhere, so I suppose it to be unpublished.

There can be no question that the group, generally called by the untenable
name of Turricula, Klein, is entitled to be generically separated from the true
Mitras ; but being unable to procure the soft parts of the species which I have
for study, I prefer for the present to retain them under the general name of
Mitra, even when the contour is that of species known to be Turriculate, since
the form of the shell in this matter is far from decisive.

There are but two common species of Mitra in the West Indies; namely,
M. nodulosa Gmelin (nucleola Krebs, obliquata Ptr., granulosa Brugiere, La-
marck, and the majority of authors) and JZ. barbadensis Gmel. (striatula La-
marck, tessellata Kiener, picta Reeve, and perhaps celigena (Rve.?) Krebs).
Neither of these was obtained by the Blake, and both are usually seen ina
more or less worn or rolled condition. There is a close connection between
Mitra lens of the western coast of America and M. nodulosa; the character-
istic pits may frequently be seen in undoubted nodulosa. ‘There is a variety,
referred to M. lens, by the name of Dupontiu Kiener, which is said to come
from the Red Sea, a locality which Tryon and others have doubted. It may
be erroneous, but there is nothing a priori unlikely in it ; as I have a speci-
men half-way from nodulosa to lens which every one would say was an imma-
ture Jens if it came from Panama; and it is well known how Red Sea species
are constantly turning up about the West Indies, especially those from rather
deep water.

Other ancient species which are certainly West Indian are M. sulcata
Gmelin (microzonias Lam., monilifera C, B. Adams), and its variety cavea
Reeve; M. dermestina Lamarck (of which speciosa, pulchella, and histrio, Reeve,
are mere variations) and ebenus Lamarck, which I have also under the names
of M. chelonia Reeve and M. nitilina Duclos. _M. semicostata Anton, I have
not seen, but from the figure it might be a ribbed variety of ebenus. Of more
lately described species we have M. albocincta C. B. Adams, a good species
(miscalled M. albicostata Ad. in my list of “ Hemphill’s Shells”), which on a
very dwarfish scale recalls M. sulcata, and is a native of the Florida Keys and
Cuban waters; M. puella Reeve, Florida and the Antilles (alveolus Reeve is
perhaps synonymous) ; M. candida Reeve (of which straminea A. Adams, may
be an elongated variety) ; M. Hanleyi Dohrn (1862), not of Sowerby (1874)
nor Hanleyana Dunker (1877); this is a pale and delicately marbled species,
varying from nearly pure white tu mottled gray with dark columella, and
which has a nearly black variety with white ribs that has received the name of
M1. gemmata from Sowerby. The difficulty attending the generic determina-
tion of these small shells in the absence of the soft parts is illustrated by the

158 BULLETIN OF THE

fact that Tryon puts one of these varieties in Mitra proper and the other in
Turricula. It abounds in the Florida Keys. Mitra floridana Dall, a little
black (sometimes pale brown) species, is found with it.

The Blake collection furnishes several interesting forms, and a new one has
recently been obtained from the same region by the U. 8S. Fish Commission.

Mitra Swainsoni Broperipr.
Plate XXXVIII. Fig. 7.

Mitra Swainsoni Broderip, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 198. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Mitra, pl. i.
fig. 4, 1844. (Not Sby.?) Agassiz, Three Cruises of the Blake, II. p. 70,
fig. 293, 1888.

Habitat. “ Monti Christi, West Columbia,” in 7 fms., sandy mud, Cuming.
Variety untillensis Dall, Blake Station 250, in 421 fms., off Grenada, broken
shell. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2354, off Arrowsmith Bank, Yucatan,
in 130 fms., coral bottom ; Station 2614, thirty-six miles 8, E. 3 S. from Cape
Lookout, N. C., in 168 fms., gray sand.

The shells dredged by the Fish Commission which retain their epidermis
and are nearly perfect agree very well with Reeve’s figure; the later figure of
Sowerby seems to be taken from a different species, perhaps a variety of
M. maura as suggested by Tryon. The shouldered whorls and black epi-
dermis are quite different from the regular convex series of whorls and olive-
gray epidermis of the specimens before me. I have been able to compare my
shells with a specimen of JZ. Swainsoni in the British Museum, and find them
very similar. The color in the Auntillean shells is a little more gray, and the
shell not quite so rude in its general aspect. The range thus indicated is
extraordinary, but not more so than that of Amusiwm Mortont or Conus Deles-
sertit Recluz. ‘There is an almost identical species in the Miocene of Maryland,
of which I have only seen fragments.

Mitra fulgurita Reeve.

Mitra fulgurita Reeve, Conch. Icon. Mitra, pl. ix. fig. 61, 1844.

Habitat. Sigsbee, off Havana, in 119 fms. ; near Barbados, at Stations 282,
290, and 299, 73-154 fms., bottom temperature 56°.5 to 73°.5 F., coral bottom ;
also at Station 220, near Santa Lucia, in 116 fms., rocky bottom, bottom tem-
perature 58°.5; Station 247, off Grenada, in 170 fms., ooze, bottom temper-
ature 53°.5 F. Also by the U.S. Fish Commission at Station 2646, off Cape
Florida, in 85 fms., gray sand. ,

The habitat of this species according to Tryon has been hitherto unknown.
The specimens were mostly rather young. The longitudinal white flammules
are exceptional, the tendency, at least in the young, seems to be toward a pale
zone at the periphery, with darker brown on each side of it, especially in front

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 159

of the sutures. The epidermis is well marked; the interior of the aperture is
white, with one obscure and three well-marked plaits, in the Blake specimens.

Mitra straminea A. Apams.

Mitra straminea A. Adams, P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 182; Sby., Thes. Conch. Mitra, pl. xxv.
fig. 561, 1874.

@ M. pia (Dohrn MS.) Sby., /. ¢., fig. 550 (an adult 7).

?M. Malleti Petit, Journ. de Conchyl., II. p. 58, pl. ii. figs. 1 a-b, 1852.

A single specimen of what appears to be this species was dredged off Cuba,
at Station 36, in 84fms. It looks as if it might be a young stage of M. ya,
but figures, however good, are to be trusted only with all reserves.

Mitra (Costellaria ?) styria n. s.
Plate XV. Fig. 6.

Shell pale yellowish, white, or pinkish, sometimes with a faint peripheral
brownish band, or mottled brown and white; elongated, acute, cancellately
sculptured ; nucleus elongated, pointed, glassy, pale brownish, smooth, of about
three and a half whorls ; other whorls 10-14, subconvex, with a distinct but
not channelled suture; sculpture of about (on the last whorl) 25 slightly
flexuous regular narrow even transverse ribs separated by wider interspaces,
extending clear over the whorl ; spiral sculpture of (behind the suture about
6-10) even threads, separated by squarely channelled narrower interspaces,
crossing the ribs and with a tendency to form a nodule at the intersection ;
canal rather slender, with seven or eight strong spiral threads externally, which
are crossed only by incremental lines ; the tip of the canal is slightly recurved ;
internally the outer lip is thin, unreflected, and smooth; deeper in the throat
are 6-10 fine spiral elevated lire, ending in the adult in as many little knobs.
On the body whorl near the angle with the outer lip, at certain stages, is a
single small elevated callus ; over the surface and on the column the callosity
is thin; the pillar has three well-defined plaits behind its own margin, the
posterior the largest; the completely adult may have two more. Lon. of shell,
19.0 ; of aperture, 7.0 ; max. diam. of shell, 5.0 mm.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, off Havana, in 119 fms. ; at Station 32, in 95 fms. ;
Station 36, in 84 fms. ; at Barbados, in 73-100 fms.; off St. Domingo, at
Station 185, in 333 fms. ; Station 262, in 92 fms., near Grenada; and by the
U.S. Fish Commission at Station 2646, near Cape Florida, in 85 fms., sand.
Bottom temperatures at the above stations, 44°.0 to 70°.75 F. Specimens dead,
but in most cases fresh, and probably lived at the depth stated.

This species varies in the relative strength of the ribs and spiral threads, and
the prominence of the intersections ; some specimens are more attenuated than

others. The measurements of the description are taken from the most perfect

specimen, but, judging from fragments, it attains a size one third larger, and
the adult will be proportionally somewhat stouter.

160 BULLETIN OF THE

This species recalls M. (Turricula?) longispira and nasuta Sby., and casta
A. Adams. It has less flexuous ribs, which are not shouldered against the
suture, more rounded whorls and a longer canal than any of the above as far
as one can determine by the figures in the Thesaurus. A pale pinkish-white
variety has the maximum number (10) of spiral riblets behind the termination
of the suture, and in this form the cancellation is less marked than in the
majority, which have the spiral about equal to the transverse ribs.

Mitra (Costellaria’?) Deshayesii Reeve?

Mitra Deshayesii Reeve, Conch. Icon., fig. 170, 1844.
Mitra rustica Sowerby, non Reeve; Thes. Conch., fig. 143, 1874.

The single imperfect specimen which I refer with much doubt to the above
species, while strongly resembling Sowerby’s figure, differs from it in having
the aperture strongly internally lirate, and between the ribs spiral threads,
hardly visible on the ribs; there is an impressed line before the suture, which
indents the ribs, forming a sort of margination to the suture ; there are half
a dozen strong spiral threads on the canal; the color is chestnut with a pale
band above the periphery, and there are three plaits on the columella. The
original Deshayesw is reported from the Red Sea.

Mitra (Costellaria?) Rushii n. s.
Mitra Rushii Dall, Conch. Exchange, II. p. 9, July, 1887.

Shell small, evenly fusiform, dark brown, bleaching to pale brown or yellow-
ish; nucleus smooth, large, obtuse, of one and a half brown glassy whorls; other
whorls about six, not convex, the last more than half the length of the shell ;
suture well marked but not channelled; sculpture of narrow even numerous
flexuous ribs (about four to 1.0 mm.) extending clear across the whorl and hav-
ing about equal interspaces; spiral sculpture of fine even close-set lines which
do not cross or are obsolete on the ribs, and a few impressed lines cutting the
ribs near the anterior end of the last whorl; aperture short and rather wide,
the outer lip simple, not thickened or reflected, the throat strongly lirate ; a
small callosity near the angle of the outer lip on the body whorl, and three
stout plaits on the short columella. Lon. of shell, 8.75 ; max. lat. of shell, 3.0;
lon. of aperture, 3.75 mm. The majority of specimens are about half as long
as this one, and proportionately stouter.

Habitat. Near Sand Key, Cuba, in about 80 fms. Dredged by the U. 8S.
Fish Commission at Station 2372, in the Gulf of Mexico, in 27 fms., gravel,
and off the Carolinas at Stations 2595, 2596, 2607, 2608, 2612, 2616, 2617, and
2619, in from 14 to 63 fms., gravel, bottom temperature from 67°.0 to 75°.5 F.

This little shell resembles no recent species I find figured; perhaps M. ethi-
opica Jickeli, from the Red Sea, comes as near as any. Volutomitra wandoensis

February 25, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 161

Holmes, of the Carolina Post Pliocene, would seem to be related to it. The
simplicity and elegance of the sculpture are remarkable. It is named in honor
of Dr. W. H. Rush, U. 8S. N., who has made praiseworthy collections of shells
in the Antillean region.

Mitra (Costellaria?) trophonia n. s.

Shell elongated, with a Stilifer-like nucleus of five or more whorls, acute,
yellowish brown, polished, glassy, and about eight other normal moderately
rounded whorls ; the last whorl forms more than half the shell ; sculpture
of about (on the last whorl) fourteen sharp little-elevated ridges, which are
rounder on the earliest whorls and obsolete on the last half of the (adult) last
whorl; incremental lines irregularly prominent ; spiral sculpture of fine faint
grooves, most visible between the ridges, three or four ill-defined distant re-
volving ridges on the anterior part of the last whorl which make a sort of arch
in the transverse ridges when the latter cross them, and two to four ridges
on the canal corresponding to the plaits; -siphonal fasciole prominent and
well marked; suture distinct, not deep, waved by the ends of the transverse
ridges ; color from pale yellow to deep orange, with a narrow opaque white
band a little way behind the suture, which swells a little where it crosses the
transverse crests, and may in some specimens be represented by a series of spots
on the crests; surface rather glossy ; aperture narrow, outer lip thin, sharp,
with faint fine lire in the throat; a small callus at the posterior angle on the
body whorl ; plaits four, the first rather small ; canal nearly as wide as the
aperture, somewhat recurved. Lon. of adult shell, 20.0; of last whorl, 12.0;
of nucleus, 2.0; max. lat. of shell, 6.75 mm.

Habitat. Station 132, in 115 fms., broken shell, off Frederickstadt, Santa
Cruz, bottom temperature 65°.0 ; Station 247, off Grenada, in 170 fms., ooze,
bottom temperature 53°.5 F.

The peculiarly rude aspect resulting from the irregular incremental lines
and the sharp-edged transverse ridges is characteristic, and resembles some-
what that of certain species of Trophon or Anachis. I have not been able to
find in the monographs, or elsewhere, any species which could well be com-
pared to this one in sculpture. It is quite possible that its color varies.

The nearest species to M. trophonia is M. albocincta C. B. Adams, which is
much stouter and stumpier, with wider and rounder transverse ridges, rounder
form, and less acute and laterally flattened spire. It is also considerably smaller,
with a shorter canal in proportion, and is black in all the specimens I have
seen, without exception, and shows no tendency to paler variations. M. trophonia
has also a faint distant resemblance to M. Defrancei Payraudeau.

Mitra (Turris ?) Bairdii Datu.
Shell waxen gray or greenish, elongated, acute, with ten or eleven flattened

whorls; nucleus? (wanting); sculpture consisting on the earlier whorls of up
VOL. XVIII. 11

162 BULLETIN OF THE

to fourteen little raised hardly flexuous transverse waves extending clear across
the whorls, rounded, equal throughout their length, and separated by shallow
slightly wider interspaces; this transverse sculpture becomes gradually fainter,
and entirely obsolete on the last whorl, which in the adult seems only marked
by the fine and slightly irregular incremental lines which give to the thin
smooth pale brown and slightly fibrous epidermis a silky appearance ; spiral
sculpture of numerous very fine close half-obsolete grooves or scratches, and
six or seven deeper stronger grooves encircling the canal; whorls mostly
flattened, the last slightly rounded ; suture distinct, appressed; aperture white,
the outer lip thin, sharp, with no lire on the typical specimen ; column with
three plaits, the anterior one faint; canal short, nearly as wide as the aperture,
hardly recurved ; siphonal fasciole distinct ; soft parts whitish, with no oper-
culum. Lon. of shell (nuclear whorls lost), 35.0; of last whorl, 17.0; of
aperture, 12.0 ; max. lat. of shell, 9.0 mm.

Habitat. 100 miles 8. E. by S. 4S. from Cape Fear, N. C., in 528 fms.,
yellow mud, bottom temperature 38°.7 F. Dredged by U.S. Fish Commission
steamer Albatross, one living specimen, at Station 2628.

The soft parts are so contracted that they could not be extracted without
breaking the shell. This species looks a good deal like a Terebra in form.
None of the described species at all resemble it.

Mitra (Thala?) torticula n.s.
Plate XV. Fig. 8.

Shell elongated, acute, pale yellowish, paler toward the extremities, with a
dehiscent thin fibrous epidermis, its axial line somewhat convex toward the
right ; nucleus glassy, white, mammillate, of two whorls ; other whorls about
six, of which the last forms more than half the shell ; sculpture of (on the last
whorl) 12 rounded straight ribs, widest near the periphery, extending across
the whorls and fainter near the suture and on the canal; these are crossed by
about (on the last whorl) 16 rounded even threads, which pass over the ribs
and interspaces without any marked nodulation and are separated by wider
interspaces; suture not impressed ; aperture narrow ; outer lip thin and simple
except for slight crenulation due to the sculpture; columella straight, acute
anteriorly ; no callus on the body or pillar; plaits two, distinct but not strong.
Lon. of shell, 12.2; max. lat. of shell, 4.0 mm. Soft parts dried up within
the shell, inaccessible, but apparently without an operculum.

Habitat. One living specimen from off Havana, Cuba, in 400 fms., bottom
and temperature not determined.

The form of this shell (apart from its departure from a straight line) recalls
Mangilia more than Mitra ; the two plaits are well inside, so that they would
seem to be true plaits, and not mere callosities. It is possible that it should
be referred to Cordieria, but the aspect is more like Mitra. Its permanent
place will depend on the results of the future dismemberment of the doubtless
now heterogeneous group named Thala by H. & A. Adams.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 163

Subgenus CONOMITRA Conran.
% Conomitra Conrad, Am. Journ. Conch, I. p. 25, 1865.

Shell stout, short, like a short Bela; spire obtuse with a relatively large
shelly mammillate nucleus ; outer lip straight, simple, smooth inside; colu-
mella nearly straight with 3-5 rather strong plaits enlarging backward; no
posterior notch ; siphonal notch deep; surface smooth or axially plicate or
reticulated.

This group resembles Microvoluta Angas, but in that the siphonal notch
is wanting or obsolete, and the general form more elongated ; in Strigatella
and Zierliana the outer lip is armed, and the dentition of the columella is
quite different. It differs from the type of Conomitra Conrad in its apex, in
its simple outer lip, and in the absence of the peculiar anterior attenuation.
I have not been able to find any other group into which it would fit in a
satisfactory manner, and have decided to use Conrad’s undescribed name for
it ; I do not feel positive that it really belongs in the Mitride, yet its form,
plaits, and nucleus seem more allied to such forms as M. Hanleyi Dohrn than
to Eneta and the other connections of Voluta. The colors are exactly those
of Lneta. It is possible that there may be a caducous nucleus, and that the
mammillary tip is merely the consolidated base thereof; this cannot be deter-
mined until quite young specimens have been obtained. My impression is,
however, that the apex is naturally mammillate, as in Mitra Hanleyi. The
species like M. (?) styria have an elongated rather acute translucent nucleus of
three or four whorls, like a little Assiminea, which is usually lost. This may
be a character of Turricula.

The type of Conomitra Conrad, on which, in default of any diagnosis, the
subgenus iust rest, is Mitra fusoides Lea (Contr. to Geol., p. 169, t. vi. fig. 176,
1833). C. staminea and C. vicksburgensis Conrad, the latter being unfigured,
are probably mere varieties of Lea’s shell, which was derived from the Clai-
borne beds. The differences between them are such as I observe between my
specimens of C. Blakeana. The simple unlirate outer lip of the latter may be
due to the period of growth; at all events, I prefer to retain the recent form
with Conomitra until there is more material available upon which to base a
final decision. This is the more desirable since the Miocene C. angulata Heil-
prin, from the Tampa silex beds, with the smooth outer lip of the recent form
has the small pointed apex of the Eocene type.

Conomitra Blakeana n. s.

Shell columbelliform, short, stout, the aperture equalling or exceeding half
the shell; apex large for the shell, mammillate; whorls about six, their pos-
terior faces well rounded and somewhat turrited between the sutures; the
elevation of the spire different in different specimens ; sculpture of numerous
close stout transverse ribs with very narrow interspaces, incremental lines

164 BULLETIN OF THE

rather well marked; spiral sculpture of rather strong threads, strongest on the
anterior part of the whorl and obsolete behind the periphery; aperture nar-
row, outer lip thickish, not reflected, smooth inside; body whorl free from
callus ; columella with four strong subequal plaits and one or two obscure
anterior folds; color whitish or brownish when faded, plum color and white
variegated when fresh. Lon. (of two specimens) of shell, 10.0 and 8.0; of
aperture, 6.25 and 5.50; max. lat. of shell, 5.0 and 4.6 mm.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms., two dead specimens.

This form is related to Conomitra minima Seguenza, Form. Terz. Reggio,
p. 101, pl. xi. fig. 4, 1879, but is about twice as large. The latter is from the
Tortonian division of the Sicilian Miocene.

Conomitra Blakeana var. leevior.

Plate XXXV. Fig. 10.

Shell resembling the preceding in form and size, but smooth or with but
few faint plaits on the apical whorls; color orange, or flaked and clouded with
opaque white, or marbled like Meta cedonulli; the spiral threads are absent
except a few on the canal; the whorls are more appressed and the appearance
of the spire less stumpy. Lon. of shell, 9.75; max. lat. 4.6 mm.

Habitat. Stations 57, in 177 fms., and 62, in 80 fms., off Havana; dredged
by Sigsbee while in search of Pentacrinus. Also in 300 fms., mud, off Cape
San Antonio, by Dr. Rush.

This must be a charming shell when in good order, and apparently must
inhabit moderate depths of water.

Genus MITROMORPHA Apams.

Mitromorpha A. Adams (Cpr.), Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d ser., XV. p. 182, March,
1865. (M. filosa Cpr.)

This group, though indicated, seems not to have been characterized by either
Adams or Carpenter, and it may be well to indicate its chief features. The
form of the typical species is biconic with a globose nucleus, a narrow aperture
very slightly or not at all notched behind, a nearly straight columella on
which (1) the spiral riblets of the sculpture may run into the interior; or
(2) may be overlaid with a smooth layer of callus; or (8), while in either con-
dition, may have two faint oblique ridges on the column, which, however, are
not continuous within the shell. The outer lip is thickened, but not reflected,
and lirate or denticulate a little way within the margin. The nucleus is like
that of some of the small Mitras, the shell (as in M. dormitor Sby.) recalls
Columbella, Conus, Cithara, etc. The spiral sculpture is usually stronger than
the transverse. My own impression, subject to modification with greater
knowledge, is that these shells are related to Mitra rather than Daphnella, etc.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 165

The species about to be described is more like Mitra conchologically than are
the Californian species.
The genus is known from Japan, California, and the Antilles,

Mitromorpha biplicata n.s.
Plate XXXV. Fig. 1.

Shell small, biconic, cancellated, yellowish or whitish or with brown flam-
mules; nucleus glassy, white, globose, of one and a half turns; other whorls
five or six, hardly rounded; sculpture of about (on the last whorl) sixteen
spiral squarish riblets with about equal interspaces, in which near the aper-
ture of the adult a fine intercalary thread appears; the spiral sculpture is
crossed by incremental lines and numerous faint rounded transverse ribs which
go nearly across the whorl, but which are chiefly evident through the rounded
waves they form on the spiral riblets, especially behind the periphery of the
whorls; suture hardly distinguishable; aperture narrow, outer lip lirate within,
a little patulous; inner lip plain, with two strong plications near its middle,
the posterior the largest. Lon. of shell, 7.0; of aperture, 3.5; max. lat. of
shell, 3.0 mm.

Habitat. Barbados, in 100 fms.

None of the specimens had completed the thickening of the outer lip and
the glazing of the columella which mark the adult state, but several were very
near it. The surface of the shell is glossy except for the incremental lines.
The colors much resemble in variations those exhibited by Mitra fulgurita
Reeve.

Famiry FASCIOLARIIDA.
Supramity FUSINA.
Genus FUSUS Lamarck.

The Fusacea of the West Indies appear to be few in number of species, and
rare as individuals. Omitting those already known to belong to other genera
though described as Fusus, the following species appear to be known to inhabit
the Antillean region: Fusus closter Philippi; F. Couei Petit (very close to
tenuiliratus Dunker and probably a variety of it); I’. distans Lamarck; F. gra-
datus Reeve (+ Hartvigii Shuttleworth) ; F. muricoides C. B. Adams; F. nitens
C. B. Adams; Fusus Schrammi Crosse; and F. sinistralis Lamarck. F. mult-
angulus Philippi is a Muricidea, F. limbatus Dunker a dwarf species of Trito-
nidea ; both are good species. The two species of C. B. Adams are in need of
more study. They have not been figured, but both were noted by me, when
going over the Amherst collection, as rather peculiar. F’. muricoides looks as if
it might belong to the Purpuracea. It is colored somewhat like Pleurotoma
albocincta, and the canal is closed and twisted up as in Tritonium. F. nitens

166 BULLETIN OF THE

reminded me of a young Phos. Fusus perrugatus Conrad (Florida, 1846) is
better classified in the genus Urosalpinz. On the other hand, Urosalpinz caro-
linensis Verrill appears much like a F’usus of short and compact form. The
species of Fusus described as new by Holmes, in the “ Post Pleiocene Fossils
of South Carolina,” are all young shells of Nassa, Columbella, etc. The Colus
exilis of Conrad, figured in the Pliocene part of the same work, is not known
to me in a recent state. The species dredged by the U.S. Fish Commission
along the eastern coast, with the exception perhaps of Sipho glyptus Verrill,
belong to Chrysodomus and its subdivisions, or, at all events, not to Fusus
proper. The researches of the Blake and the Albatross in the Gulf and An-
tillean region enable me to add several interesting forms to the list of known
species, and new localities for some which have been regarded as rare.

Fusus timessus n. s.

Shell solid, waxen white, with nine and a half inflated whorls. Nucleus of
two whorls, swollen, polished, the last whorl with sharp transverse riblets.
Sculpture of sharply carinate spiral ridges, 6-8 on the earlier whorls, 11-15 on
the last whorl, beside about 20 on the canal. On the last whorl, the four or
five ridges in front of the suture are smaller than the others; there is generally
a small sharp ridge between the pairs of large ones which becomes a fine thread
if we follow it up the spire; on the canal all the ridges become less prominent
anteriorly. On the apical whorls there are 10-12 transverse ribs, rounded, and
only prominent toward the periphery; the ridges run over these without much
change and the transverse riblets become fainter on the later whorls and usually
vanish on the last one. ‘The only other transverse sculpture is formed by the
lines of growth, which are rather sharp and scalloped between the ridges, cor-
responding to serrations of the outer lip; the whorls increase rapidly in diam-
eter, and the suture is deep but not channelled. The base of the last whorl is
rather suddenly constricted, while the canal tapers rapidly. The aperture is
small, surrounded by a continuous sharp lip-lamina which extends to the end
of the canal. The outer lip is strongly serrate, corresponding to 12-14 strong
internal lire; the inner lip is also lirate, but the lire are often broken up irreg-
ularly toward their outer ends. In the immature shell the lamina about the
mouth and the lirations on the inner lip are of course absent. Max. lon. of
shell, 88.0; of last whorl, 60.0; of aperture, 20.0; of aperture and canal,
55.0; max. lat. of shell, 33.0; of aperture, 15.0 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2134, south of Cuba, in 254 fms.,
sand; 2316, off Key West, in 50 fms., coral bottom, temperature 74°.0; 2404,
in the Gulf of Mexico, between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys,
Florida, in 60 fms., sand; and 2411, between Cedar Keys and the Dry Tortugas,
in 27 fms., sand.

This is a very remarkable species; in the short and rapidly increasing spire,

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 167

large body whorl, and rapidly tapering canal, it has no parallel among recent
species. Its nearest relative, and doubtless ancestor, is the Musus Caloosaensis
Heilprin, from the Pliocene of the Caloosahatchie River, Florida, which has
very much such a spire, but the whorls are appressed to the suture and the
sculpture is markedly different in detail; the lire of the outer lip are double,
and the shell is usually smaller than in the present species.

In Fusus timessus the soft parts are white, the operculum thick and solid.
Neither appears to differ from those ordinary to the genus.

Fusus eucosmius 0. s.
Plate XXXV. Fig. 5.

This shell is close to Fusus turriculus Kiener, from the Chinese coast, and is
best described by a comparison with it. The nucleus of turriculus is brown
and swollen, the first whorl being larger than the one which succeeds it; in
eucosmius it is smaller, white, and the second turn is larger than the first.
F. turriculus with eleven whorls measures 110.0 mm. long and 30.0 in diam-
eter. FF. eucosmius with eleven whorls measures 85.0 by 23.5 mm. It has its
mouth relatively as well as actually smaller than the Chinese species; the
maximum diameter of the aperture in the latter enters 6.1 times into the total
length, while in F’. eucosmius it will enter 6.6 times. The average number of
transverse ribs in F’. turriculus is ten, in F’. eucosmia eight, while in the latter
they are usually more prominent, especially at the periphery, and the inter-
spaces are deeper. The color of the Chinese form is yellowish white, but most
of the Antillean specimens tend toward an orange hue like that of a ripe apri-
cot. In other features the two species are very similar, except that the inner
lip of eucosmius is always smooth, while in adult specimens of the Chinese
shell the equivalent surface is strongly irregularly lirate.

Habitat. West Florida, in 60 fms.; Station 11, in 37 fms., near Cuba;
Station 290, in 73 fms., sand, off Barbados, bottom temperature 70°.7. Also
at U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2316, 2317, 2318, off Key West, in 45-50
fms., sand, temperature 75°.0, and 2402, in 111 fms., and 2411 in 27 fms., sand,
in the Gulf of Mexico.

The specimens obtained by the Blake were all very young and imperfect.
The characters of the species could not have been made out without an exam-
ination of the Fish Commission specimens, most of which were adult and
living.

Fusus Couei Petit.

Fusus Couei Petit, Journ. de Conchyl., IV. p. 249, pl. viii. fig. 1, 1853.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2411 and 2414, in the Gulf of
Mexico between Tampa and Dry Tortugas, in 26-27 fms., sand.

168 BULLETIN OF THE

This extremely neat little species is closely approached by JF. tenutliratus
Dunker, of unknown habitat, which may prove to be a mere variety or abnormal
form of our species.

Fusus distans Lamarck var. closter PuHItiprt.

I can fully corroborate the remarks of Mr. Tryon in regard to this variety.
It is absolutely indistinguishable from specimens from the Philippine Islands
known to be varieties of F’. distans. F. Dupetit-thouarsi of Kiener runs through
a parallel series of variations.

Fusus halistreptus n. s.
Plate XXXV. Fig. 1.

Shell pure white, of about ten whorls. Nucleus decollate in the specimen;
early whorls with 10-12 faint rounded transverse ribs which become nearly
obsolete on the later whorls; lines of growth elevated, sharp, fluted and retic-
ulated by the spiral sculpture, giving the surface a rasplike character; they
are also gathered into a frilled band just in front of the suture, which they cut
obliquely ; spiral sculpture of numerous fine threads, and on each whorl three
to five stronger ones, more prominent and sharp-edged on the ribs; aperture
small, surrounded with an elevated border; outer lip delicately lirate within,
inner lip perfectly smooth, a distinct notch in the callus on the body at the
posterior commissure of the aperture ; canal long, slender, subcylindrical.
Max. lon. of shell, 80.0; of last whorl, 51.0; of aperture, 15.0; of canal in
front of the aperture, 28.0; max. lat. of shell, 20.0 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2655, living, in 338 fms., Little
Bahama Bank, bottom sandy, temperature 47°.5 F.

This species recalls F. Schramm Crosse, being about the same size and other-
wise similar, but it is more drawn out, the whorls are rounded and full, and
they are not angulated by the prominent peripheral thread which replaces the
carina of F. Schrammt. The gathered oblique lamelle at the suture are also
peculiar.

The soft parts are white except the eyes, which are remarkably large and
black, and some of the internal organs. The tentacles are very short and
small. The operculum and other features seem to resemble those of F. colus
as figured by H. & A. Adams.

Fusus benthalis n. s.
Plate XV. Fig. 10.
Shell small, yellowish white, eight-whorled. Nucleus milk-white, polished,
two-whorled, smooth. Spiral sculpture of (on the last whorl about 12) rather

strong rounded threads, of which three appear on the upper whorls about equal
and equidistant, riding over and becoming a little swollen upon the transverse

|

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 169

ribs; between these are numerous small subequal close-set spiral threads ;
transverse sculpture of (on the last whorl about 12) equal even ribs, which
fall away toward the sutures and on the canal; these ribs are wider than their
interspaces, with a tendency to become nodulous where crossed by the strong
spirals ; both margins of the suture are bordered by a thread and appressed to
each other in a wavy line; canal and aperture moderate ; the outer lip lirate
within ; inner lip simple, with a light wash of callus; whorls moderately
rounded. Max. lon. of shell, 15.0; of last whorl, 10.0; of aperture, 4.0; of
canal in front of the aperture, 4.0; max. lat. of shell, 5.5 mm.

Habitat. Off Cape San Antonio, living, in 1002 fms. Station 5, near Cuba,
in 152-229 fms., ooze, temperature 49°.5; off Sand Key, 15-128 fms; off
Sombrero, in 54 fms.

This little shell appears to be abundant, and to have a very wide bathy-
metrical range.

Fusus amiantus n. s.
Plate XV. Fig. 11.

Shell pure white, with a straw-colored nucleus, ten-whorled. Spire rather
acute, whorls obliquely smoothed off in front of the sutures. Nucleus four-
whorled, above smooth, below sculptured with semilunar transverse ripples
and a basal carina; spiral sculpture of very fine spiral threads, lightly decus-
sated by wavy lines of growth; there are also two strong threads near the
periphery, one lower which is obscured by the suture, and on the last whorl
three, more anterior, beside the usual spiral sculpture of the canal; these
strong threads become much more prominent, stronger, and sharply keeled, as
they pass over the transverse riblets ; transverse sculpture of eight rounded
ribs, which appear near the periphery and extend over it on to the base; they
are crossed by the spiral sculpture; suture appressed, wavy ; the absence of
ribs near the suture and the flattening of the shell there give this species a
somewhat Pleurotomoid aspect, but there is no notch ; canal moderate, strongly
twisted ; aperture smooth within, edges sharp, simple. Max. lon. of shell, 17.0;
of last whorl, 10.3; of aperture and canal, 8.0; max. lat. of shell, 6.6 mm.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, at Station 2, off Havana, in 805 fms., bottom tem-
perature 39°.75 F.

The nucleus of this little shell is peculiar, and the aperture is imperfect, but
it is clearly different from any of the known species. There is something in
the texture of the shell and the finer sculpture which recalls Sipho glyptus
Verrill.

Fusus epynotus n. s.

Shell small, slender, white, eight-whorled ; nucleus milk-white, strongly
transversely plicate below, above smooth, rounded ; spiral sculpture of (on the
last whorl 18) strong rounded threads, of which four or five are visible on the

170 BULLETIN OF THE

upper whorls; these are slightly swollen, but not keeled, where they pass over
the ribs ; between these are numerous fine close-set threads slightly marked
by inconspicuous lines of growth. The transverse sculpture consists of (on
the last whorl 10) rounded rather close stout ribs which pass clear over the
whorl and are straight and slightly larger behind ; suture appressed and wavy,
conspicuous ; canal stout, slightly twisted, aperture subovate, marginated ; outer
lip internally lirate with two or three strong denticles anteriorly ; inner lip
smooth, or slightly granulous. Max. lon. of shell, 24.0; of last whorl, 16.5 ;
of aperture and canal, 12.5; max. lat. of shell, 9.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 36, in 84 fms., Gulf of Mexico; off Sombrero, in 70 fms.
U.S. Fish Commission Station 2648, off Cape Florida, in 84 fms., green mud,

This species recalls F. Bocayei Fischer, dredged by the Travailleur in about
500 fms., but that species, from an authentic specimen, is shorter, stouter, with
only seven transverse ribs and three principal spiral threads on the spire. The
fine spirals in J’, Bocaget are also more conspicuous. F. epynotus has a little
the aspect of Fusus carolinensis Verrill, especially the young ones, while differ-
ing in many details, especially the number and straightness of the ribs. Its
nearest relative would seem to be a form named by Borson Fusus lamellosus,
from the Tertiary of Modena; but this is merely the young of I. rostratus, and
the adult has very different characters.

Fusus alcimus n. s.

Shell resembling the last species, but shorter and more acute at both ends,
with only six much more oblique and proportionally stouter ribs, coarser re-
volving spirals, and none of the fine spiral striation which exists between the
primary threads of F’. epynotus. It has eight whorls; the nucleus is strongly
plicate below; the interspaces between the ribs are deep, and in them the
spirals are much closer together than they are on the summit of the ribs; on
the last whorl there is sometimes an intercalary single fine spiral thread. The
color is yellowish with touches of dark brown; the canal is very short; the
aperture is contracted, the lips much thickened, the outer one strongly inter-
nally lirate, the inner one smooth; the suture is inconspicuous and very much
waved. Max. lon. of shell, 15.0; of last whorl, 9.2; of aperture and canal, 7.0;
max. lat. of shell, 7.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 32, in 95 fms., 100 miles north of Yucatan, in the Gulf
of Mexico.

Fusus alcimus var. Rushii Datt.

Shell smaller, pure white, nucleus hardly plicate, depressions between the
ribs less deep, ribs less prominent and hardly oblique. Lon. of shell, 8.5;
lat. 4.0 mm.

Habitat. West of North Bemini, Bahamas, in 200 fms., Dr. W. H. Rush,
U.S. N.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. lin

Fusus ceramidus pn. s.

Shell of a waxen or brownish yellow color, of a peculiar waxen subtranslu-
cency, nine-whorled, strongly transversely ribbed, with obscure spiral sculp-
ture and an imbricated band in front of the suture. Nucleus white, smooth,
small but swollen. Transverse sculpture of seven or eight rounded ribs,
stouter and more prominent on the early whorls, and on most of them not
quite reaching the suture; also sharpish lines of growth‘which in front of the
suture are elevated into flattish somewhat irregular imbricated scales, forming
a narrow band in front of the suture. Spiral sculpture of primary and finer
secondary threads, one or two of the former, near the periphery, becoming
sharper and more prominent as they pass over the ribs; on the later whorls
all the spiral sculpture has a worn or partially obsolete appearance. Aperture
large, canal moderate, curved to the left; outer lip not much thickened, inter-
nally lirate; a callous ridge on the body, near the outer lip; the inner lip
smooth, or with a few lire near the canal. Max. lon. of shell, 46.5; of last
whorl], 32.0; of aperture and canal, 26.0; max. lat. of shell, 18.7 mm.

Habitat. Stations 272, 273, and 290, at Barbados, in 73-103 fms., sand,
bottom temperature 60° to 71°.0 F.

This is a peculiar species and easily recognized by the color and imbricated
band before the suture.

Fusus amphiurgus n.s.

Shell small, eight-whorled, yellowish, translucent, with spiral touches of
reddish brown; nucleus polished, smooth, brownish, two-whorled; transverse
sculpture of fine sharp distinct incremental lines, and 9-10 narrow rounded
subequal ribs, with wider interspaces, and somewhat broader anteriorly than
near the suture; spiral sculpture of, on the periphery, two primary threads
stronger than any of the others, swollen, keeled, and opaque white where they
pass over the ribs; between these and the suture behind are three or four
smaller threads with touches of brown in the interspaces; in front of the
periphery and between it and the canal are about six more smaller primary
threads, and others which cover the canal; between these on the whorl are
from one to four extremely fine secondary threads. Owing to the difference
in the size of the primaries the upper surface of the whorls slopes, roof-like, to
the periphery, and this, with the white noduled peripheral threads, is the most
striking feature of the shell; the aperture is rounded, the outer lip internally
lirate, the canal slender and well differentiated. Max. lon. of shell, 14.0; of
last whorl, 9.0; of aperture and canal, 7.3; max. lat. of shell, 6.5 mm.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, at Station 45, in 101 fms., bottom temperature
62° F.

This little shell is immature, and is described with some hesitation for that
reason, yet it does not show characters like those exhibited by the young of

172 BULLETIN OF THE

any of the known species, and it seemed best to put it on record by giving it a
name. Its nearest relative is /usus pulchellus Philippi, of the Mediterranean,
from which its most obvious distinction les in its lighter color, more delicate
texture, and the peculiar bevel of the upper surface of the whorls. In F. pul-
chellus the whorls are rounded and full, and the spiral sculpture coarser and
sharper.

SuBFAMILY FASCIOLARIINZAE.

Genus FASCIOLARIA Lamarck.
Fasciolaria distans Lamarck.

Two young shells were dredged off Sombrero, in 54 fms.

The more southern specimens of this shell are paler than those from the
United States. A specimen received from Balize is almost destitute of re-
volving color lines and is of a very pale salmon-color. The species is perfectly
distinct from any of the varieties of F’. tulipa.

Subgenus MESORHYTIS MEEkx.

Mesorhytis Meek, Inv. Pal. Upper Missouri, pp. 356, 364, 1876; type, Fasciolaria
gracilentis Meek ; Cret.

Mesorhytis Meekiana n. s.
Plate XXXVI. Fig. 7.

Shell elongate-fusiform, thin, pale waxen or brownish, glossy; nucleus blunt,
globose, of about one whorl; other whorls seven or more, little rounded, the
second, third, and fourth showing 8-10 sharp high transverse ribs, a little
shouldered behind, and crossed by fine spiral threads and grooves most distinct
on the posterior side of the whorl; one of the threads is stronger than the
others and angulates the ribs in crossing them; the sculpture becomes obsolete
or nearly so on succeeding whorls, the fine distant grooves persisting longest ;
specimens differ in this respect; usually the succeeding whorls are smooth except
for incremental lines, appressed toward the suture and with a little fine spiral
grooving on the canal; aperture elongated, acute behind; outer lip smooth,
thin, and sharp; canal about half as wide and nearly as long as the aperture,
slightly recurved; columella without callus, somewhat flexuous; at its middle
are three plaits, the largest being posterior, very thin, elevated, and somewhat
oblique. Lon. of shell, 15.5; of aperture, 9.0; max. lat. of shell, 5.0 mm.

Habitat. Off Morro Light, Cuba, 250-400 fms.; Gulf of Mexico, Station
16, 292 fms., and Station 20, in 220 fms., bottom temperature 62°.0 F.
Though not containing the soft parts, the specimens were fresh, and probably
lived at these depths. They seem not completely mature.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 173

The very young, owing to its sculpture, might be taken for an immature
Mitra, but the shell when older is very characteristic. It is the first living
species of the subgenus which has been reported.

Genus MAZZALINA Conran.

This group is known only from a single Eocene species, M. pyrula Conrad,
which I agree with Messrs, Fischer and Tryon in regarding as nearly related to
Lagena, having recently examined the original type. Another shell, which
has recently been referred to this group, is of a good deal of interest, and
represents without dcubt a new generic type.

Genus LIOCHLAMYS Datu.

Shell resembling a Fasciolaria of the type of F’. distans, but short and glo-
bose, with a short curved canal, three plaits on the column, and the usual
features of Fasciolaria, but entirely covered over in the adult with a coat of
enamel which obscures the sutures, and as it were varnishes the whole shell.
The mantle in this form must have been prolonged, as in Dipsaccus or Cyprea,
so as entirely to hide the shell.

Type, L. bulbosa Dall = Mazzalina bulbosa Heilprin, Trans, Wagner Free
Inst., I. p. 76, plate ii. fig. 7, 1887. Pliocene of the Caloosahatchie beds,
Florida.

The original specimen of Prof. Heilprin was somewhat decorticated, and the
usual spiral sculpture of the canal and anterior part of the shell running into
the aperture, where the enamel had been lost, gave somewhat the aspect of the
grooving of Lagena or Mazzalina. In perfect specimens nothing of this sort
is to be seen. The shell is a short bulbous Fasciolaria, covered with a coat of
enamel brilliantly polished. This species is found with many other rather
deep-water species, of which several are in the Albatross dredgings. It would
not be very extraordinary if future dredgings in the Gulf of Mexico should
bring it to light in the recent state.

Genus LATIRUS Montrort.

The following species, though not obtained by the Blake, form part of the
fauna of this region. Leucozonia cingulifera Lamarck (sometimes 70.0 mm. in
length) which extends from the Florida Keys to the Isthmus of Darien. By
a typographical error transplanted into Mr. Tryon’s Manual (Vol. III. p. 96), it
was referred to as L. cingulata by Mr. W. W. Calkins. The latter is a West
American species, of which no trace has ever been found in Florida. L. ocellata
Gmelin also reaches the Keys, though rare ; L. dubia Petit is a variety of it
L. triserialis, to which Tryon refers L. dubia, is confined to the eastern Atlantic.
L. multangulus of Tryon (after Philippi), as we have elsewhere shown, is a

174 BULLETIN OF THE

Muricidea. In the genus Latirus, L. infundibulum Gmelin, L. brevicaudatus
Reeve, and L. cayohuesonicus Sowerby are Antillean, the last named being the
only one known to reach the Keys, L. maderensis Watson, L. fastigiwm Reeve,
and L. contemptus A. Adams are stated to be West Indian, but I have not seen
any authentic specimens of them from that region.

Famity BUCCINIDZ.

SUBFAMILY CHRYSODOMIN&.

Genus CHRYSODOMUS Swarnson.

Subgenus SIPHO Morcu.

The name Chrysodomus is the first which, according to the rules of nomen-
clature, can be properly adopted for the group typified by Fusus antiquus of
Lamarck, Neptunea and other names in common use never having been de-
fined or diagnosed for this group until long after Chrysodomus had been pro-
posed by Swainson. This group has been united with the Buccinide, and there
are many points of resemblance, but it is a question whether it would not be
more correctly regarded as a subordinate part of a family which shall include
the genus Fusus properly so called, with, on the one hand, Chrysodomus and
its allies, and, on the other, Fasciolaria and its allies, each group being rated
as a subfamily. Numerous characters link these subfamilies together ; and
the features of the dentition, which formerly seemed so remarkable, and which
were assigned as a sufficient reason for uniting the group with the Buccinide,
now that we begin to know of the dental characters in a much larger number
of species, seem less and less distinctive.

There are a large number of arctic and archibenthal forms of the Szpho
group. None of them are known to inhabit very warm water, where they are
replaced by Fusus and Fasciolaria. In the deep water, however, a few mostly
small species reach quite far south. A number of interesting forms have been
described by Prof. Verrill, while some described from the other side of the
Atlantic have turned up here without being at first recognized. Such are
Sipho Bocagei Fischer, which has been described by Messrs. Verrill and Smith
as Sipho celatulus, and of which a specimen 36 mm. long was dredged in 966
fms., off Jamaica, W. I., by the Fish Commission. The adult operculum
shows that it is not a typical Mohnia, though that appendage is less pointed
and acute than in most of the genus Sipho. Another species is the Sipho Sarsiw
of Jeffreys, which has been named Fusus abyssorum by Fischer from the Talis-
man dredgings, and Sipho profundicola V. & S., from the Fish Commission
dredgings. What seems to be a very slender variety of this species was also
obtained at the same station off Jamaica, and very young specimens off the
Floridian and Georgian coast.

o1

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 17

Sipho Rushii n. s.

Shell small, thin, white, elongated, with a furfurescent epidermis and six
whorls. Nucleus regular, white, smooth, but becoming gradually spirally
striate ; whorls well rounded, suture distinct ; spiral sculpture of (between the
sutures 5) primary threads, with a smaller thread in the intervals and finer
ones on the anterior part of the last whorl and canal ; these are crossed by fine
flexuous lines of growth which decussate the threads, or give them, in strongly
sculptured specimens, a somewhat beaded look; there are also 12-15 faint
flexuous ribs crossing the whorl, tending to become obsolete on the last half of
the last whorl, and more marked on some specimens than on others ; these are
quite concave at and behind the periphery ; canal short, narrow, twisted to the
left; columella rather concave ; aperture entirely simple, with no visible cal-
lus ; operculum rather wide and short. Max. lon. of shell, 11.0; of last whorl,
7.5; of aperture and canal, 5.5; max. lat. of shell, 4.5; of aperture, 1.25 mm.

Habitat. Station 2644 of the U.S. Fish Commission, off Cape Florida, in
193 fms., sand, bottom temperature 43°.4 F. Also in 205 fms., off Fowey
Rocks, in the Straits of Florida, by Dr. W. H. Rush, U.S. N.

This is a delicate and pretty little shell, which is, in its general characters,
very much like the young state of Tritonidea limbata Philippi (+ Fusus pul-
chellus Pfr. non Phil.); but that is more strongly sculptured and has a different
nucleus, beside being clouded with color.

Sipho ? (Ptychosalpinx?) globulus n. s.
Plate XXXV. Fig. 12 a.

Shell stout, short, white, spirally channelled, with about six whorls; spire
short, whorls moderately rounded, apex rather blunt ; nucleus small, depressed,
glassy, smooth ; spiral sculpture of (between the sutures) about a dozen broad
flattened cinguli separated by narrower channelled interspaces, and covering
very equally the whole shell; there are also a few faint spiral striae, especially
in the channelled interspaces near the aperture; transverse sculpture only of
rather strong lines of growth, most evident in the channels. Suture very dis-
tinct; aperture elongate, arched, the outer lip thin, smooth, and hardly thick-
ened inside; a little callus in the commissure and on the body and pillar;
canal wide, very short, deeply notched, strongly twisted to the left; siphonal
fasciole narrow but distinct, sharp-edged, producing false plaits under the
columellar enamel; columella arched, its anterior edge sharply keeled. Oper-
culum rather bluntly pointed. Max. lon. of shell, 31.0; of last whorl, 25.0;
of aperture and canal, 21.5; max. lat. of shell, 20.0; of aperture, 9.5 mm.

Habitat. Station 2655 of the U. S. Fish Commission, in 338 fms., ooze, on
the Little Bahama Bank, the bottom temperature 47°.5 F.

This shell is thin, and recalls Odcorys as well as Liomesus. The nearest rel-
atives, conchologically, are Chrysodomus ventricosus Gray, from Newfoundland,
which is a much larger shell with a strong epidermis and longer canal, and the

176 BULLETIN OF THE

fossil shells named Ptychosalpinz by Gill, in 1867, of which Buccinwm Escheri
Mayer and B. altile Conrad are types.

The animal is pure white, and destitute of eyes. The tentacles are small, the
proboscis extremely long; the verge is long, sigmoid, flattened, and has a small
pointed process at the tip. The dentition resembles that of Chrysodomus
(Mohnia) Mohni Friele (North Atlantic Exp., Report, Part I., plate v. fig. 14,
1882), but the teeth are wider, the laterals more arched, and it is certain that
the rhachidian tooth has only one prong or cusp, while the laterals have no
small denticles between the two terminal ones. If this specimen had not re-
tained the soft parts I should have supposed it to be a Liomesus. The keeled
columella is peculiar, though this feature is-common to Liomesus, but the faint
plait-like ridges above are merely the raised edges of the siphonal fasciole,
showing through the enamel, and they disappear in adult specimens and are
not present in some young ones.

Genus LIOMESUS Stimpson.

Buccinopsis Jeffreys, not Conrad.
Liomesus was defined before Buccinopsis Jeffreys, and would take precedence
of it even if the name Buccinopsis had not been long preoccupied.

Liomesus ? Stimpsoni n. s.
Plate XXXV. Fig. 11.

Shell solid, strong, porcellanous; suffused with flesh color, lighter toward
the apex; short-fusiform with the extreme apex a little flattened; six-whorled;
nucleus minute, somewhat sunken, with the shell for two and a half whorls
smooth polished and white; after this the sculpture gradually appears, and
consists of spiral threads, or cinguli, smaller, rounder, and more distant an-
teriorly, wider, flatter, and closer posteriorly, except that in front of the suture
there are one or two rather wider interspaces; beside this there are obsolete
spiral strie and rather strong lines of growth passing equally over the whole
shell; epidermis thin, yellowish; the whorls are slightly flattened behind and
squared off to the suture, producing a slightly turrited aspect, but the suture
is not channelled; canal short, wide, deeply notched, producing a strongly
marked but not swollen fasciole; aperture rather elongated, not wide, thick-
ened within; on the pillar a moderate whitish callus, which is microscopically
punctate, a thin wash on the body; the outer lip thick from the thickness of
the shell, a little lirate by the sculpture close to the sharp edge, but not re-
flected; canal short, not recurved; pillar obliquely truncate, arcuate, keeled
on the front edge. Max. lon. of shell, 32.5; of last whorl, 26.5; of aperture,
20.0; max. lat. of shell, 18.7; of aperture, 9.0 mm,

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2314 and 2625, off the Carolina
coast, in 159 and 247 fms., sand, bottom temperature 46° to 47°.5 F.

February 28, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 177

The specimens were perfectly fresh, but did not contain the soft parts. The
generic place therefore remains a little doubtful. So far as the shell is con-
cerned, it does not differ from Liomesus, unless in the somewhat narrowed aper-
ture. In some respects the shell recalls Daliwm, but wants the prominent band
in front of the suture and is of a much more Buecinoid form. It is dedicated
to the memory of Dr. Wm. Stimpson, the author of the genus, which was
long erroneously included with the Buccinums.

SupramMity BUCCININA.

Genus PISANIA Bivona.
Subgenus TRITONIDEA Swarnson.

Pisania pusio Lin. (non Auct.) is widely spread through the Antilles, and
was collected at Key West from the hermit crabs by Captain Pickering, U.S. N.
It has many synonyms, and when young is strongly striated. These young
with the epidermis on resemble P. striata Gmelin very much, and have been
so labelled in collections, but the true striata (+ maculosa Lam. Tryon) isa
Mediterranean form. To the dark striated variety of pusio are to be referred
P. ethiops Phil. and P. janeirense Phil.

The transition between Pisania proper (P. pusio) and Tritonidea is easy.
Take P. pusio var. ethiops and compare it with a small specimen of 7’. varie-
gata, or a smooth variety of 7. tincta, from which there is no difficulty in reach-
ing T. auritula via the ribbed varieties of T. tincta. I can only regard Tritonidea
as a subgenus of Pisania.

Of the group Tritonidea, the region under consideration affords T. cancellaria
Conrad (+ T. floridanus Petit), T. tuncta Conrad, T. auritula Link (+ T. coro-
mandelianus Lam., + T. ringens Tryon non Reeve, +lauta Reeve,), T. vari-
egatus Gray (+ T. viverratoides Orb.), 7. D’Orbignyi Payr. (21 fms., off Cape
Catoche, Yucatan), and 7. limbata Phil., provided this last, elsewhere referred
to in this paper, really belongs to this group. Of this list T. auritula is, so
far as we know, Antillean; 7. cancellaria extends from the Caribbean to Texas
and Florida; 7. tincta extends from Cape Hatteras southward to Mexico and
the northern Antilles; 7. variegatus is rare everywhere, but reaches the Florida
Keys; while 7. limbata and D’Orbignyi are known to me by specimens from
only one or two localities. The 7. Haneti of (Petit according to) Tryon is not,
in my opinion, a T'ritontdea. The T. ringens of Calkins and Tryon, from
specimens submitted by those gentlemen, is T. tincta, pure and simple, and has
no particular resemblance to T. ringens, which is a West American species.

Genus PHOS Montrort.

Notwithstanding the error of Mr. Tryon’s statement that this genus is sepa-
rated by good conchological characters from Nassa, I do not doubt its validity,
but the differences are to be found in the soft parts and the operculum, not in

VOL. XVIII. 12

178 BULLETIN OF THE

the shell. The oblique basal fold of the columella, regarded as characteristic
by Mr. Tryon, can be observed in nearly every species of Nassa which one may
examine, and is, in fact, conspicuous.

But a very small amount of investigation in this case, as in many others, will
show that, apart from the bare shells, there is much yet to be learned about
almost all these animals.

Phos? unicinctus Say.

Nassa unicincta Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., V. p. 211, 1826; Tryon, Mar.
Conch., p. 35, fig. 55.

Nassa guadeloupensis Petit, Journ. de Conchyl., III. p. 56, pl. ii. figs. 8, 4, 1852
Krebs, Cat., p. 32; Beau, Cat., p. 11.

Nassa textilina Morch, fide Tryon, Man., p. 220.

Phos guadeloupensis Arango, Fauna Mal. Cubana, p. 201, 1878; Tryon, Man., III. p.
219, pl. Ixxxiii. figs. 612, 520.

Habitat. St. Thomas, C. B, Adams. St. Croix, Rawson. Shore at Curagao,
U. 8. Fish Commission.

The South Carolinian habitat assigned by Say was doubtless accidental or
erroneous. This shell has more the aspect of a Nassa than of a Phos, as these
go, though considerably resembling the specifically distinct Phos pallidus of
the west coast of America. But it has the operculum neither of a Nassa nor of
a Phos! The operculum is lozenge-shaped, pointed in front and behind, with
a nearly central nucleus and concentric elements much like those of Bucconum
except in outline. In our present ignorance as to the character of the opercu-
lum in nearly all the species of Nassa and most of the species of Phos, I do not
think it advisable to propose a new sectional name for this form, as it may very
probably turn out to be characteristic of some of the sections of Nassa already
named on conchological grounds.

Phos Beaui Fiscuer & Brernarpi.

Phos Beaui F. & B., Journ. de Conchyl., V. p. 858, pl. xii. figs. 8, 9, 1860; Krebs,
Cat., p. 32; Fischer, Cat. Beau, p. 10.

Habitat. Barbados, in 73-82 fms., at Stations 272, 290, and 293, bottom
temperature 65° to 71° F.

The soft parts of this species are white, dotted with blackish toward the
middle line of the foot above, and with the end of the siphon very dark brown.
The eyes are very large in proportion to the size of the animal, are mounted
on large long stout peduncles, from the inner side of the distal end of which pro-

ceed very slender acute tentacles. The foot is large, thin, with an entire edge

and pointed linguiform tail-end. In withdrawing it into the shell it is doubled
transversely in the middle. The operculum is like that of Phos as figured by
H. & A. Adams, When entirely perfect the point terminates in a little claw-
shaped process. The surface of the body is smooth and without accessory fila-

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 179

ments or other processes. The specimen was not amale. The tentacles are
not “connate at their bases” in this or the next species, any more than in any
other Gastropod with retractile proboscis. The tail end of the foot had no fila-
ment, but was (in spirits) merely narrow and pointed. Fragments of this
fine species, readily recognized by its polished surface, were obtained as above,
and one broken but living specimen at Station 293.

Phos Candei Orsieny.

Cancellaria Candei Orbigny, Atlas to Moll. Cub., pl. xxi. figs. 23-25, 1842; text of
the same, II. p. 129, 1847. (Not Nassa Candei Orbigny, op. cit.)

Phos erectus Guppy, Geol. Mag., 1874, pl. xvi. fig. 1 (extra copies, p. 8).

Phos Candei Arango, Fauna Mal. Cub., p. 201, 1878.

Phos antillarum Petit, Journ. de Conchyl., IV. pp. 288, 242, 418, pl. viii. fig. 9, 1853.

Phos grateloupianus Petit, op. cit., p. 248, pl. viii. fig. 4, 1853.

? Phos veraguaensis Hinds, Ann. Nat. Hist., XI. p. 257, 1843; Voy. Sulph., p. 37,
pl. x. figs. 13, 14, 1844; Tryon, Man., III. p. 219.

2 Buccinum zonale Krebs, Cat., p. 51, 1864, as of Brugieére.

Habitat. Off Sombrero, 54-70 fms.; Barbados, 80-100 fms.; Station 36, off
Cuba, in 84 fms., bottom temperature 60°. F.; Station 128, off Santa Cruz, in
180 fms., sand, and Station 132, in 115 fms., rocky bottom, temperature
60° to 65° F.; Station 143, off Saba Bank, in 150 fms., temperature 63°.5;
Station 167, off Guadelupe, in 175 fms., sand, temperature 55°.0; Station 155,
off Montserrat, in 88 fms., temperature 69°.0, and Station 247, off Grenada, in
170 fms., ooze, bottom temperature 53°.5 F. Also at U.S. Fish Commission
Stations 2145, near Aspinwall, in 25 fms., mud; 2403, in the Gulf of Mexico,
between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida, in 88 fms., mud;
and 2601, in 107 fms., sand, 36 miles S. } W. from Cape Hatteras, North
Carolina, bottom temperature 67°.4 F.

I doubt the identity of this species with that of Hinds from West America,
but in any case the name and excellent figure of Orbigny have precedence,
though the text of his description was delayed. I have no doubt that Mr. Tryon
was correct in uniting the Phos grateloupianus of Petit with his P. antillarum.
Most of the Antillean specimens are more like the figure of the former, said to
be from Senegal, than like the pattern of that from the West Indies. There
is probably some error about the figure or the habitat.

There is a small variety of this shell which is brighter colored and more
finely sculptured than the more common form, but they intergrade. There is
much variation in regard to the presence and position of varices, which are
often entirely absent on the upper whorls, The operculum is like that of
Chrysodomus or Phos senticosus.

The nucleus is glassy, sharply peripherally carinate, and has three to five
otherwise unsculptured whorls, The soft parts and operculum are exactly like
those of Phos Beau, but there is less of the blackish dotting, even the siphon
has not much.

180 BULLETIN OF THE

Phos parvus C. B. Apams.

Triton parvus C. B. Adams, Contr. to Conch., p. 59, Jan., 1850.

Triton eximium Rawson, Carpenter in /itt. as of Reeve.

Phos intricatus Dall, Hemphill’s Shells, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull., VI. p. 825, pl. x.
fig. 9, 1883.

Habitat. West coast of Florida, to Key West. Vera Cruz, Mexico, Strebel.
Progreso, Mexico, Mex. Sci. Commission. ‘Bahamas, Rawson. Jamaica, Rum
Cay, and Turk’s Island, C. B. Adams. St. Thomas and Anguilla, in two feet
of water among stones and corals, Krebs.

A visit to Amherst, where I was able to consult Prof. Adams’s types, has en-
abled me to identify my P. intricatus with his Triton parvus. The eximiwm of
Reeve is subsequent to Adams’s name, and was described as from the Indo-
Pacific region. They are probably not identical, though similar. The Flo-
ridian specimens are short, compact, with very prickly sculpture, and of a
white or muddy gray color. The Antillean specimens are more slender and
elongated, less prickly, and of a clear white, or banded prettily with light yel-
low brown or purplish, in a spiral direction.

Perhaps the less attractive Floridian kind may retain the name of intricatus
in a varietal sense.

I have what is either a distinct species or a very marked variety of P. parvus
in the National Collection, from the West Indies, but the specimen is not per-
fect enough for description. It has much the appearance and color of Phos
Beaui, but is more sharply sculptured and is very little larger than the largest
specimens of undoubted P. parvus. The sculpture has nothing of the imbri-
cated prickly quality so marked in that of P. parvus.

Genus NASSARIA (Link) H. & A. Apams.

< Nassaria Link, Beschr. Rostock Samml., p. 123, May, 1807.
= Hindsia A. Adams, P. Z. S., 18538, p. 182; Fischer, Man., p. 681.
= Nassaria H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., I. p. 128, 1853.

The name Nassaria of Link, like the Nassarius of Duméril, was originally in-
tended as a verbal emendation or improvement of the name NVassa of Lamarck.
It was not intended as a new genus, but as an equivalent of one already exist-
ing. It was divided into two sections by Link, of which Section A contains
as examples, in the order given, Buccinum niveum Gmelin, Nassa papillosa La-
marck, N. reticulata Lamarck, N. ornata Kiener, N. exilis Gmelin, Phos sen-
ticosus Montfort, and Plewrotoma buccinoides of Lamarck (= P. sinuata Born);
Section B contains Pisania tranquebarica, P. coromandeliana, and P. undosa of
Lamarck.

It will be seen that the larger number of the species were Nassas, and all of
them looked like Nassa, as the name was used in those days.

But if we regard the name as having any right to stand in nomenclature, and

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 181

proceed by a process of elimination, we find very soon that in 1853 the only
unappropriated unit of this heterogeneous assembly is the first species. Rafi-
nesque in 1815 had adopted Nassaria, but he did not define it, merely putting it
next to Nassa and among the genera of his subfamily Buccinidia. Pfeiffer does
not regard the Buccinum nivewm of Gmelin as identifiable, and the figure is
certainly far from good, but later the Adams brothers concluded that it rep-
resented a shell which one of them had just placed in a new genus, Hindsia A.
Adams. It would doubtless have been better to have left Nassaria as an ab-
solute synonym of Nassa, and retained Hindsia for the new group. But the
brothers Adams were the first to revise it, and the most interested in the later
name, and they did not adopt this plan; so perhaps science will best be served
by accepting their decision, though much might be said on both sides.

The investigations of the Fish Commission and the Blake in Antillean waters
and along the coasts of the United States have brought to light several species
of a group nearly related to Nassaria, but which it seems necessary to distin-
guish by a subgeneric name. None of the typical Nassarias have so far been
found in the region under consideration, but the present group seems to replace
the typical genus in East American waters.

Subgenus NASSARINA DALt.

Shell with the general characters of Nassaria, but more compact, spindle-
shaped and small, and with the aperture long and narrowed anteriorly, and the
columella margin elevated and prominent, and united in the adult by an ele-
vated callus with the outer lip on the body whorl. Soft parts unknown.
Type, N. Bush Dall.

To this group belong N. Bushii, N. Grayvi, N. columbellata, all new species,
and N. glypta Bush, which was described, with doubt, as a Mangilia. The
group goes to the Miocene, if Colwmbella ambigua Guppy proves to belong to
it. NV. glypta is fossil in Floridian Pliocene.

Nassarina glypta Bus.
Mangilia? glypta Bush, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 461, pl. xlv. figs. 5, 5a, 1885.

This is the smallest species of the group, and the figure above referred is un-
fortunately not a good one, the specimen being imperfect. In an adult speci-
men the aperture is a little more than two thirds as long as the whole of the
last whorl. In the figure it is only about half as long as the whorl, and in so
far does not well represent the mature shell, nor the peculiar anteriorly pinched
aperture. This species has been found at U. 8. Fish Commission Stations
2276, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2607, 2608, 2610, 2612, 2615, 2616, 2617, and 2619,
off the coast of North Carolina, in 14-63 fms., sand, bottom temperature
67° to 80° F.

182 BULLETIN OF THE

Nassarina Bushii Datu.

Plate XV. Fig. 12.

Shell white, strongly sculptured, six-whorled; nucleus shining, large, swol-
len, of one and a half whorls, at first smooth, later assuming fine spiral striation ;
the remaining whorls with (on the last whorl 8-10) strong subequal equidis-
tant spiral threads nodulous on the summit of 9 or 10 strong rounded trans-
verse ribs which cross the whorls; on the earlier whorls only three or four of
the spirals appear, and the one nearest the suture is fainter than the others;
the rib behind the aperture of the mature shell is somewhat swollen; the base
of the last whorl is constricted at the beginning of the canal, which is short and
sharply recurved; aperture contracted, surrounded with a thin elevated not
reflected continuous margin, interrupted in the adult only by the canal; outer
lip smooth, inner lip with three or four strong nodulous teeth; whorls rounded;
suture distinct but not channelled. Max. lon. of shell, 9.0; of last whorl, 5.5;
of aperture, 4.0; max. lat. of shell, 3.6 mm.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms.; Sand Key, Florida, 15-128 fms.; Station 5,
Gulf of Mexico, near Cuba, in 152-229 fms., ooze, bottom temperature 49°.5 F.

This species is extremely like N. glypta Bush, on a larger scale, and without
the pretty brown and white spiral coloration of that species.

Nassarina columbellata Datt.

Shell pure white, attenuated anteriorly, rather acutely conical behind, with
eight whorls. Nucleus two-whorled, polished, smooth, milk-white, rather large;
spire flatly conical with a conspicuous suture, upper whorls with about five
strong close-set equal threads, most conspicuous in the interspaces between the
numerous (on the last whorl 18) flattened transverse ribs, which cross the
whorls but stop short before the sutures, giving a grooved aspect to the latter,
which is increased by the existence of a peripheral line or space wider than
any of the others between the two spirals nearest the periphery; last whorl
attenuated toward the long canal, but not constricted as in the last species;
aperture long, narrow, contracted, with an elevated continuous margin, inter-
rupted only by the canal, which is recurved near its termination; outer lip
with four or five internal teeth; inner lip with five or six finer smaller ones;
whorls not rounded above. Max. lon. of shell, 12.2; of last whorl, 8.0; of
aperture, 6.0; max, lat. of shell, 4.5 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2367, off Cape Catoche, Yucatan,
in 124 fms., sand.

The upper whorls of this shell are flattened and sculptured much like those
of Columbella similis or translirata.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 183

Nassarina Grayi DAL.
Plate XXXII. Fig. 12a.

Shell solid, strong, yellowish white with darker brown spiral lines and about
six whorls. Nucleus smooth brown; sculpture of numerous close-set spiral
threads, of which about every third or fourth is stronger and darker colored than
the others; transverse sculpture of stout ribs becoming obsolete behind the
periphery, thus giving the whorl a shouldered aspect, there are nine or ten of
these on the last whorl, extending well forward; the rib behind the aperture is
varicoid and swollen; the spiral sculpture passes over the ribs, which are a
little angulate at the periphery ; the whorl is appressed to the suture, which in
the upper whorls is more or less waved by the ends of the ribs behind it; the
aperture is long, narrow, and somewhat contracted, the continuous margin less
elevated than in the preceding species; the base of the last whorl is somewhat
constricted, the canal is twisted, recurved, and with a strong siphonal fasciole;
the outer lip has about seven teeth of which the hinder ones are the stronger;
there is a rounded callus on the body and also a few denticulations on the
anterior part of the columella. Max. lon. of shell, 12.0; of last whorl, 9.0; of
aperture, 6.0; max. lat. of shell, 5.8 mm. A larger but imperfect specimen is
15.5 mm. long.

Habitat. Station 152, off St. Kitts in 122 fms., bottom temperature 67°.5.
Stations 272 and 290, off Barbados, in 73-76 fms., coarse sand, bottom tempera-
ture 65° to 71°; and U. S. Fish Commission Station 2354, in 130 fms., coral,
off the Arrowsmith Bank, Yucatan.

This is a rather short broad species, and has a little the aspect of a Trztont-
dea, but the pinched aperture suggests its reference to this group.

Famity NASSID_E.
Genus NASSA LAMARcKE.

The species of this genus are well known to be extremely variable, and a
large number of names have been applied to the varieties of the genus indige-
nous to the Antilles. |

With a large series of specimens it is less difficult to set specific bounds as
the varietal relations rapidly become evident. There may be a larger number
of species in the region, but all the specimens I have seen are referable to one
of six littoral or two deeper-water species of this genus. Curiously enough, of
this small number four have fallen into neglect of late years, and one appears
to be undescribed. N. trivittata does not appear to exist in a living state much
south of Cape Hatteras, and does not appear in the Antilles. The species which
occur are Nassa vibex Say,* N. acuta Say, N. consensa Ravenel, N. Hotessieri

* N. unicincta Say will be referred to under Phos.

184 BULLETIN OF THE

Orbigny, and N. ambigua Montagu. Ilyanassa obsoleta Say, confined to the
continental shore and not reaching the southernmost extreme of Florida, and
an undescribed species mentioned later, make up the list. The deep-water
Nassa nigrolabra of Verrill has not turned up in these waters yet, and I doubt
the propriety of referring it to this genus. Indeed, it has, judging from the
figure, the appearance of a larval shell, though without examining a specimen
I would lay no stress on this suggestion. Its smooth unsulcate pillar, however,
removes it from the genus Nassa, if it is adequately figured.

Nassa ambigua Monracu.

Buccinum ambiguum Mont., Brit. Test., pl. ix. fig. 7, 1803.

Nassa alba Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., V. p. 212, 1826.

Nassa antillarum Orbigny (not Philippi), Moll. Cuba, IL. p. 141, pl. xxiii. figs. 1-3,
1845 (dark variety).

Nassa ambigua Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, II. p. 142.

Nassa Candei Orbigny, op. cit., p. 142, pl. xxiii. figs. 4-6, 1845 (young shell).

Nassa candidissima C. B. Adams, Krebs, Cat. p. 82.

? Nassa obtusata Marrat, Argo Exp., pp. 16, 17, 1876 (not of A. Adams, an E. Indian
species).

? Nassa incrassata Guppy, Geol. Mag., p. 447, 1874 (not of Strom, a European
species).

? Nassa pura Marrat, New Forms of Nassa, p. 13, 1877.

Nassa annellifera Reeve, Conch. Icon. Nassa, pl. xxv. fig. 168, 1858; Marrat, Argo
Exp. p. 8.

Not NV. ambigua Dunker, W. Africa, = JN. incrassata Strom.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.; Station 2, 805 fms.; Barbados, 76-103
fms., including Stations 273 and 276; Station 142, Flannegan Passage, in 27
fras.; Station 155, off Montserrat, in 88 fms.; Station 210, near Martinique,
in 191 fms.; off Sombrero, in 54 fms.; Sigsbee, off Havana, in 80 and 177 fms.;
Bahamas; Bermuda; Dominica; Florida, Lower Matacumba Key, in grass
below low-water mark (Hemphill); Key West, Goodland Point, and other
localities in Florida from low water to 2 fms. (Hemphill).

The shells dredged by the Blake were all dead, and most of them occupied
by Paguri; none of them probably lived below a depth of.a few fathoms, above
which it would seem that this must be one of the most abundant and widely
spread of the Antillean species.

This is the commonest littoral species of Nassa, and its varieties have received
many names. It has a different nucleus from the very similar JV. encrassata
of Europe and West Africa. It varies in the number of its ribs, their angula-
tion in front of the suture, in being white or banded or speckled with brown,
and in the strength of its spiral threads. The typical ambigua has numerous
rounded ribs, not angulated, and evenly reticulated. The variety antillarum
has the ribs fewer and stronger, and with a marked angulation which tur-
riculates the whorls.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 185

It is entirely different from N. acuta Say, which has been referred to it by
Tryon. NV. acuta extends on the southern coast from South Carolina to Texas,
and I have received it from Barbados; it appears to be rare everywhere.

Nassa consensa Ravenet.
Nassa consensa Ravenel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1861, p. 43.

Habitat. Off Charlotte Harbor, W. Florida, twenty miles, in 13 fms, (Blake).
Off the coast from Florida to North Carolina living at moderate it 8-49
fms., and dead in 8-150 fms. (U. 8. Fish Commission),

This species, as identified by’ Prof. Verrill, seems to me well defined and
worthy of acceptation. Though its general form is very much the same as
that of ambigua, its spiral sculpture is of an entirely different character; and
its color painting, though variable in both species, has a distinctive character
for each of them.

Nassa Hotessieri Orszieny.

Nassa Hotessieri Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, II. p. 142, 1845.
Nassa Hotessieriana Orbigny, op. cit., Atlas, pl. xxi. figs. 40-42.
Nassa Hotessiert Orbigny, Voy. dans Am. Mér, Moll., 1840.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, Station 36, in 84 fms.; off Sombrero, 54-72 fms.;
off Sand Key, 80 fms.; Station 2, in 805 fms.; U.S. Fish Commission Station
2596, seventeen miles E. S. E. from Cape Hatteras, N. C., in 49 fms.; and
Station 2646, off Cape Florida, in 85 fms., gray sand. None of the specimens
were living, though nearly all were perfectly fresh.

The specimen figured by Orbigny was quite young. The species grows even
larger than N. ambigua, and is perfectly distinguishable from it, the chief
and most obvious characters being the flattened whorls turrited by the appli-
cation of the suture below a peripheral band, the close and uniform transverse
riblets prickly nodulated by the revolving sculpture, which is weak or absent
between the riblets, and the clean-cut channel behind the siphonal fasciole
margined in front by a small sharp keel.

On the base of large specimens the spiral sculpture shows as grooves deep
on one side and running out on the other, like those on a flat file, instead of the
rounded threads characteristic of ambigua. In some specimens the transverse
riblets become obsolete or irregular on the last whorl. The aperture is like
that of ambigua.

Nassa scissurata Dat.

Shell short, conical, glistening, white clouded with light brown or buff; whorls
stout, well rounded; nucleus of two translucent turns, smooth or transversely
slightly wrinkled; remainder comprising five or six turns separated by a deep

186 BULLETIN OF THE

but not channelled suture; sculpture of (on the last whorl about fourteen)
stout rounded ribs with wider interspaces, completely crossing the whorls, and
fine incremental strie; spiral sculpture of (on the last whorl about ten) re-
volving ridges, faint in the interspaces, strongly ovally noduled on the ribs,
three rows showing on the upper whorls; ribs interlocking at the sutures;
aperture rounded, with its edge continuous and raised, contracted in front of
a stout varix, lirate on both sides, a stout tooth on the body and another at the
base of the pillar; a deep groove behind the siphonal fasciole; canal short,
strongly twisted. Operculum serrate at the sides. Lon. of shell, 12.0; of last
whorl, 8.0; of aperture, 5.0.; max. lat. of shell, 7.5 mm.

Habitat. Station 272, at Barbados, in 76 fms.; Station 132, near Santa Cruz,
in 115 fms. rocky bottom, temperature 65°.0 F. (living); Station 2, in 805
fms.; Station 206, near Martinique, in 170 fms.; Station 220, off Santa Lucia,
in 116 fms., rocky bottom, bottom temperature 58°.5 F.

Nassa scissurata var. pernitida Dati.

Shell more slender and elongated, spiral sculpture weaker, hardly nodu-
lating the ribs; ribs becoming obsolete on the last whorl. Lon. 16.5; max.
lat. 7.5 mm.

Habitat. Station 299, near Barbados, in 140 fms.

This species is clearly distinguished from N. Hotessiert, which is its nearest
relative, by the character of the sutures which are not channelled, by its fewer
strongly nodulated ribs, and by the curve of the ribs, which in Hotessieri, as in
most ribbed univalves, are convex forward on the periphery and then curve
a little backward, while in N. scisswrata the curve is in a contrary sense, as is
at once evident on comparing two specimens. The total curve is not great,
but quite sufficient to form a marked distinction.

This species has the bright waxen lustre of a deep-water shell, and probably
lives in between 75 and 200 fms. depth. Its sculpture recalls that of N. spz-
nulosa Phil.

Famity COLUMBELLID.
Genus COLUMBELLA Lamarck.

Of the genuine typical Columbellas there are two abundant species in this re-
gion, C. mercatoria Lamarck and C, rustica Linné. The Antillean and Floridian
specimens of the latter, though probably conspecific, have a markedly different
facies from the Mediterranean variety, and have been called rusticoides by
Heilprin in a recent paper on the Pliocene of the Caloosahatchie beds of South
Florida. CC. rustica is found in these beds precisely like the recent Florida
form, for which it may be well to retain Heilprin’s name in a varietal sense.

Most of the other species can be referred to one of five subgenera or sections

. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 187

of the genus, as follows: Anachis, Astyris, Nitidella, Afsopus, and Conidea.
There is no doubt that the number of subdivisions in this group has been mul-
tiplied in excess of the needs of science or the indications of nature, while
several subdivisions of importance have not been recognized. Even the above
mentioned groups, or at least the first three of them, are connected closely by
intermediate species. On the other hand, such a remarkable form as C. turtu-
rina Duclos, with internal plaits as pronounced as in Turbinella, has not been
separated. For it I propose the sectional name of ELwuplica.

Subgenus ANACHIS H. & A. Apams.

Anachis avara Say.

Columbella avara Say, Journ, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II. p. 280, 1822.

This abundant and well-known shell extends from Massachusetts Bay to
Cape Florida, always in shallow water. It is found in the Miocene of Mary-
land and Virginia (Conrad), and the Pliocene and Post Pliocene of the more
southern coast. The variety translirata has been collected on the coast of
Yucatan, but I have seen no specimens from the Antilles. Notwithstanding
the common occurrence of this species, its range and typical form have not
been very clearly realized by conchologists, judging from the labels of specimens
received from many different sources.

The type is rather small, dull-colored, smooth, few (10) ribbed and spindle-
shaped. Longer slender greenish specimens with these characters form the
Floridian variety semiplicata of Stearns; many-ribbed acute bright-colored
specimens are the (var.) translirata of Ravenel, more commonly regarded as
the typical form of the species, as it is the most common, largest, and wide-
spread; the dwarf form common to all species of Columbella, especially in this
subgenus, is C’. similis Ravenel, which is almost distinct enough to rank asa
species, but differs only in size from var. translirata. It extends from Cape
Fear to Yucatan, the Florida Keys, and probably to Cuba. I have seen no
Antillean specimens.

Among the absolute synonyms of this species are C. terpsichore Greene,
Columbella Gouldii Reeve (Conch. Icon., XXII. fig. 185), not Stimpson, and
Fusus minor Holmes (Post Pliocene, 8. Carolina).

Specimens dredged at New Bedford, Mass., had the foot long and slender,
square cut in front, a little indented in the median line, linguiform behind.
The tentacles are contractile, not sharp-pointed, but quite slender when extended,
the eyes small, black, extending laterally without any peduncle at the outer
bases of the tentacles. The siphon is rather large, subcylindric, without ap-
pendages, about one third as long as the foot, the proboscis more slender, taper-
ing, and about the same length when fully protruded. The verge is sickle-
shaped, slender, sharply pointed, flattened, and with its outer edge sharp. It is
thrown back above the neck, the point lying at the right of the base under the

188 BULLETIN OF THE :

dome of the mantle. The dentition is as usual, an edentulous obsolete central
plate with a single broadish tridentate sigmoid lateral tooth on each side. The
operculum resembles that of Chrysodomus in miniature, but the point is usually
defective. It is attached to the surface of the foot by about half its own sur-
face, which exhibits an ovate scar. Stimpson found the ovicapsules in 3 fath-
oms, on Sertularians, at Great Ege Harbor, New Jersey, August 7, 1864. They
are about 1.0 mm. long and half as wide, on the ovate base; they are shaped
like a compressed volcano or balanus, the crater of which is represented by a
flat subcircular smooth apical disk, from the periphery of which radiate to the
base about ten elevated thin, sometimes bifurcating ribs. There were about
thirty ova in each capsule, which had already assumed the larval shell.

Beside this species, the following are known from the eastern and southern
coast of the United States and adjacent waters, though the list is not claimed
to be complete.

Anachis catenata Sowerby, Antilles, Yucatan, Vera Cruz.

Anachis haliveti Jeffreys (costulata Jeffreys, Verrill, not of Cantraine), New
England and northward, in deep water.

Anachis albella C. B. Adams (from type described as Pleurotoma, +A. iontha
Ravenal and A. acuta Stearns), Cape Hatteras to Florida, low water to 50 fms. -
There is a variety (A. samanensis Dall) which differs from the commoner form
by its fewer ribs, slightly longer canal, larger varix behind the outer lip, and
smoother back to the last whorl. It has been received from Florida and the
Keys, and Samana Bay, St. Domingo. The typical albella is smaller than the
northern variety called iontha by Ravenel.

Anachis pulchella Kiener. (C. costulata C. B. Adams, not Cantraine, from
type. This is wrongly referred to catenata Sowerby by Tryon.) Antilles and
Florida Keys.

Anachis obesa C. B. Adams (C. ornata Ravenel, C. cancellata Gaskoin,
C. ostreicola Melvill), North Carolina to Florida, Texas, and Vera Cruz ; also
the Antilles generally. The dark brown or black ones are var. ostreicola.

Anachis Hotesstertana Orbigny, has been obtained in 30 fms. near the Ba-
hamas, and would appear to be a good species. It is the smallest of all, and
has been reported from Cuba and Guadelupe.

When one reaches such species as C. Verrillii it is impossible to tell by the
shell in which subgenus they should be located.

Anachis amphissella Dat.
Plate XIX. Fig. 10c.

Columbella (Astyris?) amphissella Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 91, 1881.
Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 413-640 fms.

A variety (which may take the name of Rushii) of this species was dredged
by Dr. Rush, U.S. N., off Fowey Rocks, Florida Straits, in 465 fms. It is

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 189

distinguished from the type by the absence of the undulations or transverse
riblets; the fine sculpture alone is left. Both have a notably large and translu-
cent nucleus, much bigger proportionally than is found in any of the shallow-
water forms. Its nearest relative seems to be A. obesa. These shells stand
about midway between the subgenus Astyris (like A. rosacea) and the small
forms of Anachis, and might equally well be referred to either section.

Subgenus NITIDELLA Swarnson.

In the subgenus Nitidella we have in this region N. nitidula Sby., N. cribra-
ria Lamarck, N. levigata Linné, N. parvula Dunker, and N. dichroa Sowerby,
the last two being somewhat uncertain as to their subgeneric affinities. Most
of these species have numerous varieties and synonyms. Colwmbella idalina
Duclos, a beautiful Antillean species, and C. moleculina Duclos, which extends
to the Florida Keys where it was abundantly collected by Hemphill, have
much the aspect of Nitidella, and perhaps should be referred there. To the
last mentioned species I refer, as a variety, dicomata, a very pretty little form
collected by Hemphill on the reefs at Key West. It differs from C. moleculina
in being smallér, more distinctly spirally grooved all over, and in having the
brown color (on a translucent ground) concentrated in two revolving brown
bands, one above and the other below the periphery, the upper one alone being
visible on the older whorls.

Subgenus ASTYRIS (H. & A. Apams) Dat.

Astyris (H. & A. Adams, 1853) Dall, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1870, p. 242; Am.
Journ. Conch., VII., 1871, p. 115.

Out of a number of superfluous names, the present one was selected by me,
nineteen years ago, to be used for sundry colored, small, mostly polished little
Columbellids which have been scattered through a variety of sections which
form phases of a continuous series and cannot be strictly diagnosed. Of this
group there is a goodly number on both coasts of North America and in the
Antilles. The species on the east coast of the United States would repay more
study than they have received.

Astyris lunata Say.

Columbella lunata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V. p. 218, 1826; Tryon, Am.
Mar. Conchology, p. 88, fig. 61, 1873.

This very common little shell has several absolute synonyms, among which
are C. Gouldiana (Agassiz MS.) Stimpson and Wheatleyi DeKay. It has also
several marked varieties. C. dissimilis Stimpson, of which the U. S. National
Museum possesses typical examples, is a rude purplish brown rather large
northern form of Junata. None of the specimens so labelled by Stimpson

190 BULLETIN OF THE

have any trace of white on them, or any light coloration. A form in which
the brown coloration of the ordinary lunata coalesces to form two or more
dark bands with lighter interspaces is the zonale of Linsley, but the banded
specimens from off Hatteras in deep water, which have been referred to zonale
by Prof. Verrill and Miss Bush, appear to me to be a distinct species, and have
nothing to do with lunata. An unusually dark, stout, and stumpy variety
from the Carolina coast has been determined from authentic specimens to be
the C. spizantha of Ravenel. The coloration is much like that of the ordinary
lunata, but the spots are more disconnected and squarer, A smaller, brighter,
more polished, and elegantly colored pale variety is that which, following the
general rule of species having a wide distribution, is found toward its southern
limit in South Florida, Cuba, etc., northward to the Carolinas, and which has
received the name of C. Duclosiana Orbigny. The typical A. lunata is abun-
dant in Florida but does not extend south of it, and in South Florida is largely
replaced by the variety Duclosiana. The latter farther north, as off the coast
of the Carolinas, is found, not along the shore, like the typical form, but in
15-50 fms. water, in a temperature of 65° to 80° F.

The genuine deep-water or archibenthal species are distinguished, as far as
I have been able to examine them, by a larger and more inflated nucleus than
that carried by the littoral species. It is possible that, in the absence of violent
struggle characteristic of life in the depths as compared with the shores, a large
number of young in each capsule may become less necessary and the size of
the individuals more important. Of these spesies we have A. Raveneli Dall
(C. nivea Ravenel, not Sowerby), larger, more elongated than A. pura, and
recalling a minute A. rosacea Gould. Dr. Rush dredged it in 205 fms., off
the coast of Florida, and the U.S. Fish Commission at Station 2602,in 124
fms., sand, off Hatteras, the bottom temperature being 61°.0 F. So far as
known, A. pura Verrill is more northern in its distribution, having been
obtained in the deep water off the southeast coast of New England.

Another species is Astyris multilineata Dall, which has been referred to
A. lunata var. zonale by some writers. It is longer, and proportionally more
slender and acute, than any form of A. lunata. The whorls are less rounded,
the spire has a somewhat flattened appearance, and the periphery is obscurely
angulated, even in the last whorl of the adult. But the character which most
clearly distinguishes it, in its typical form, is the coloration; which consists of
five or six pale brown narrow even spiral lines, alternating with straw-colored
interspaces, on the last whorl. From its uniformity in a large number of
specimens this character seems to be stable and diagnostic. In dead shells the
brown lines fade, and among live ones there is a pure white variety which is
distinguishable from A. Raveneli by its form and smaller size (4.5 mm. long by
2.0 mm. wide, while A. Ravenel measures 5.5 by 2.2 mm., and A. pura about
4.0 by 2.5 mm.), and from A. pura, which is still smaller, by its more polished
compact appearance and more slender form. A. multilineata has been ob-
tained from U. 8. Fish Commission Stations 2592, 2595, 2601, 2602, and 2614,
in from 63 to 168 fms., sand, with a bottom temperature of 61° to 78° F.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 191

Adult specimens have four or five well-developed denticles inside the outer lip,
and a larger one at the beginning of the canal opposite a tooth-like callus on the
pillar. The other characters are much like those of A. Ravenel.

Among the widely distributed forms which appear in deep water on our
eastern coast is the Astyris rosacea of Gould, After examining a very fine
geographical series, I have been unable to separate the Greenland shells from
those of Norway, New England, or Alaska, all the characters which have been
relied upon as diagnosfic being mutable and interchangeable. The name
Holbéllit of Moller will therefore fall into synonymy. However, the slender
shell called diaphana by Prof. Verrill I regard as entitled to specific rank,
although the spiral lines are quite variable, and are distinctly visible on
some of the specimens of diaphana received from him. The nucleus, as stated
by him, is more compact, but this is a difference which alone could hardly be
regarded as of specific value. The shell, however, has other characters, which
are enumerated below.

Before leaving this topic, I may mention as an addition to our fauna the
Astyris fusiformis Orbigny, an Antillean form, which was obtained in 6-10 fms.
at Turtle Harbor, Florida, by that zealous collector, Dr. W. H. Rush, U.S. N.

Astyris diaphana VERRILL.
Plate XXXV. Fig. 9.

Astyris rosacea (pars) Verrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III. p. 408 (non Gould).
Astyris diaphana Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 518, pl. lviii. fig. 2, 1882.

Shell of the form and general appearance of A. rosacea Gld. (Holbéllit Moll.),
but more slender, with a prominent swollen varix behind the outer lip, which
is slightly thickened and finely lirate within. In front of the varix the suture
descends quite sharply, or bends forward. The nucleus is white and like that
of A. profundi, and there are five other whorls, which are marked with ob-
scure elevated spiral lines, with irregular interspaces, which look as if scratched
with a pin on the inside of the shell and showing through. These give the
surface, which is polished and lightly marked with lines of growth, a malleated
appearance. The anterior half of the last whorl is grooved, the grooves being
stronger and wider in proportion as they are anterior; the interstitial eleva-
tions on the canal are like rounded threads. The suture is distinct but not
channelled; on some of the whorls it is accompanied by a fine groove just in
advance of it. The general color of the shell is pale straw-color, and the epi-
dermis is not hispid like that of rosacea. Lon. of shell, 9.0; of last whorl, 5.6;
of aperture, 4.0; max. lat. of shell, 3.3 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 876, off Newport, R.I., in 65
to 487 fms., and 2399, in 196 fms., mud, hetween the Mississippi delta and
Cedar Keys, Florida, bottom temperature 51°.6 F.

It recalls A. profundi Dall, but is more elegant, slender, and has more
rounded outlines, There are no traces of transverse ribbing,

192 BULLETIN OF THE

Astyris profundi n. s.
Plate XXXV. Fig. 3.

This shell has nearly the same form as Astyris Holbéllii or rosacea as figured
by Sars (Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., t. 16, fig 1), but is proportionally a little
wider anteriorly, and when immature has a peripheral angulation, not sharp
but distinct enough to be readily observed. It differs from that species in
(1) being more solid and strong; (2) having no transverse riblets anywhere, but
a very fine close spiral striation on the early whorls; (3) having a firm smooth
polished epidermis showing no lines of growth; (4) having a more regular,
acute, and smaller apex, and less swollen apical whorls; (5) having the outer
lip thickened, strengthened by a varicoid swelling, internally strongly lirate
with six or eight raised lire, the inner lip with a raised callus and nine or ten
deeply incised grooves on the canal. The color of the deep-sea species is a
little more pink and its appearance more elegant owing to the polished epider-
mis. It averages about the same size as the C. rosacea. The specimen figured
is 8.0 mm. long and 3.5 mm. in maximum width. From C. diaphana Verrill,
it differs in most of the above characters as. well, but especially in being still
broader in proportion. From a dwarf specimen of C. Saintpairiana the present
form would differ by its less constricted canal, more regularly ovate whorls,
less conspicuous varix, and especially by its less acute spire without traces
of ribs anywhere. The very oblique edge of the columella is extended into a
sharp plait, which appears to project like a tooth behind the columellar callus,
and, being so far up, would at first sight be taken as unconnected with the
pillar margin, which is masked by a false edge, in front, of labial callus.

Habitat. Station 2, off Morro Light, Havana in 805 fms., bottom tempera-
ture 39°.7 F. Also by the U. S. Fish Commission at Station 2601, thirty-six
miles S. 3 W. from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in 107 fms., sandy bottom,
temperature 67°.4 F.

Astyris Verrillii Datt.
Plate XIX. Fig. 8.

Columbella (Astyris) Verrillii Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 91, Sept. 26, 1881.
Columbella (Pyrene) strix Watson, Linn. Soc. Journ., XVI. p. 339, June 12, 1882;
Challenger Gastr., p. 287, pl. xiii. fig. 2 a-d, 1885.

Habitat. Sculptured variety, Station 2, 805 fms.; Station 19, 310 fms.;
Station 43, 339 fms.; Station 47,331 fms. Figured variety, Station 43, 339 fms.;
Station 47, 331 fms. Challenger Expedition, Stations 23, off Sombrero, in
450 fms., ooze; 24, off Culebra, in 390 fms., ooze; and 122, off Pernambuco, in
350 fms., red mud. ,

No more specimens have turned up. The specimen figured happens to be
the smoothest of the lot; the more strongly sculptured specimens, taken by
themselves and without the connecting links, would be thought by most natu-

March 8, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 193

ralists to be distinct; the smooth ones have rounder whorls, a feature result-
ing mechanically from the absence of the ribs. For these reasons the name
given by my friend Mr. Watson to the sculptured form would better be re-
tained in a varietal sense. His variety subacta does not differ from his type
more than many of my individuals differ from each other. The outer lip is
immature or broken in both of the specimens he figures.

Astyris Saintpairiana CaILuert.
Columbella Saint-Pairiana Caillet, Journ. de Conchyl., XII. p. 279, pl. ii. fig. 4, 1864.

Habitat. Station 247, off Grenada, in 170 fms., ooze; and Station 259, near
by, in 159 fms., ooze, bottom temperature 53°.5 F. Marie-Galante, W. L,
Caillet.

It is possible that this rare and pretty species may be a large, smooth form
of C. Lafresnayet ¥. & B., described from the same locality in 1856. The latter
differs chiefly in having the transverse ribbing continued on to the last whorl,
and in somewhat smaller size. One of the Blake specimens of C. Saintpairiana
in addition to the rosy tint shows pale yellow brown mottlings over the sur-
face, strongest near the suture, recalling the coloration in pale specimens of
C. lunata Say.

Astyris (lunata var.?) Duclosiana Oxsieny.

Columbella (Astyris) Duclosiana Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 91, 1881.
Columbella Duclosiana Orb., Moll. Cuba, II. 136, pl. xxi. figs. 81-33, 1842.

Habitat. Station 20, 220 fms.; Sigsbee, off Havana, in 450 fms.

This pretty little species is closely related to Astyris lunata Say, of which it
is with little doubt only a southern color-variety. The National Museum has
it from Samana Bay, St. Domingo, and Tampa Bay, Florida, where it occurs
abundantly. It has also been received from Barbados.

Subgenus AASOPUS Gov Lp.
Esopus Gould, Otia Conchologica, p. 138, Dec., 1860; type, 7. japonicus Gould.

Little attention seems to have been paid to this peculiar and interesting
group since it was described by Dr. Gould. Several species have been de-
scribed that should be referred to it, beside 4%. filosus Angas which according
to Tryon should not be referred to it, but this opinion I am not in a position
to discuss for want of material. Beside the type which is now under my
eyes, and was collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson in Japan, there is a Californian
species called Amycla? chrysalloidea by Dr. P. P. Carpenter, and also the species
about to be referred to from the eastern coast of America.

VOL. XVIII. 13

194 BULLETIN OF THE

4eésopus Stearnsii (Tryon) Dat.
Plate XXIX. Fig. 5.

Nitidella filosa Stearns, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1875, p. 345, figure. Not sopus
Jilosus Angas, 1867.

2 Columbella peculiaris Guppy, Geol. Mag., 1874, pl. xviii. fig. 20 (extra copies, p. 9).

Seminella Stearnstt Tryon, Man. Conch., V. p. 179, 1882.

This species was described from bleached specimens collected by Dr. Stearns
at Tampa Bay, Florida..

Instead of being white, it is, when fresh, of a handsome warm brown, with
an articulated presutural band of white and darker brown. Occasionally there
are faint articulations of the color on the spiral riblets of the body whorl.
The operculum is like the Japanese one. Beside those collected by Dr. Stearns
in West Florida, it was obtained by the U.S. Fish Commission at Stations
2616, 2617, 2619, and 2622, in 15-17 fms., sand, off the North Carolina coast,
and by Dr. Rush, in 12 fms., off Frying Pan Shoals.

Beside the above mentioned species, another, in which there is no spiral
striation, has been collected at Samana Bay, St. Domingo, many years since,
by Capt. J. P. Couthouy. This I have identified as Terebra Metcalfei of Reeve;
it is of course not a Terebra at all, but belongs to the subgenus Asopus of the
Columbellide.

In taking leave of this family, I may observe that, though Conidia ovulata
has not been taken nearer than the Bahamas, it is highly probable it will
eventually be found in South Florida or among the Keys.

Famity MURICID.
SuBFAMILY MURICIN A.

In variety of form and variability within the species-limit, probably no group
of Gastropods surpasses the present family. Few have suffered more at the
hands of the splitter-up of genera; the number of names proposed, in most
cases without any reference to the rules of nomenclature or any investigation
into the history of the species, is astonishing. I do not know a more discredit-
able exhibition of pseudo-science and very real mischief of this kind than that
which may be found in the recent treatment of Murex and Typhis by certain
authors, who, it is almost unnecessary to observe, have not been known to
contribute anything of value to real biology, to atone for the unnecessary
confusion they have created in biological nomenclature.

Fischer, Tryon, and the majority of those who have treated the modern
genus Murex, have reduced the number of subgenera to six or seven, leaving
the further subdivision into sections optional. The subgenera of Murex, as in

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 195

all groups when sufficient material is studied, are found to fade into one an-
other by moderate degrees. In studying the group it will be found, if the
student is possessed of material enough and from a sufficiently wide geograph-
ical range, that the number of varices, while generally constant, is not an in-
variable character; that the same species has many and long, or few and short,
spines within the range of its variation, and that the young of nearly related
species, especially of the same faunal region, are often indistinguishable one
species from another, while the adults present fairly tangible characters.
The Murices of the fauna we are considering may be arranged as follows.

Genus MUREX Linne.
Subgenus MUREX s. s.

This group has been badly handled in Tryon’s Manual, the text of which
indicates haste and insufficient material, while the figures are extremely poor
and very badly colored. There is no doubt that Tryon was right in reducing
the number of species, but a proper reduction can only be made by the exer-
cise of great care and the thorough study of a large multitude of specimens.
Without committing myself to the distinctness of all the species here included
under this group, I can say that they appear to be distinguishable from the
rather full material I have been able to examine.

Murex Beaui Fiscuer & Bernarpt.
Murex Beaui F. & B., Journ. de Conchyl., V. p. 295, pl. viii. fig. 1, 1856.

Habitat. On the Florida Reefs, in 119 fms., Sigsbee; Station 300, at Barba-
dos, in 82 fms.; Station 132, in 115 fms., rocky bottom, off Frederikstadt,
Santa Cruz; Station 144, on the Saba Bank, in 21 fms.; Station 171, off
Guadelupe, in 183 fms., bottom temperatures ranging from 55°.5 to 659.0 F.
Also at U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2134, south of Cuba, in 254 fms., sand
(remarkably fine); and 2402, in 111 fms., mud, between the delta of the
Mississippi River and Cedar Keys, Florida.

This fine and remarkable species was obtained in large numbers at Station
2402 of the Fish Commission. It is unquestionably a distinct form, though
the very young are hardly to be distinguished from those of M. nodatus and
M. elegans. The adult of the frilled or webbed variety in perfection is a mag-
nificent shell. It is curious, however, that the webbing which is so remark-
able a character is only found in specimens from deep, clean, and quiet waters.
Those from muddy bottom, and all the young ones, show only traces of it,
and in the adults there is often not even a trace of it, the varices being as
rounded and spinous as if it never had a web. The most prominent and con-
stant characters are the height of the spire, deep suture, and peculiarly rounded
whorls.

196 BULLETIN OF THE

Murex Cabritii Bernarpt.
Murex Cabritii Bernardi, Journ. de Conchyl., VII. p. 801, pl. x. fig. 3, 1858.

Habitat. Off Sombrero, 50-72 fms.; Station 36, Gulf of Mexico, in 84 fms.;
Station 132, off Santa Cruz, in 115 fms., rocky bottom; Station 143, off Saba
Bank, in 150 fms.; Station 155, off Montserrat, in 88 fms.; Stations 253, 254,
off Grenada, in 92-164 fms., coral; and Station 272, off Barbados, in 76 fms.
Bottom temperatures 57° to 69° F.

This is a fine species, of which the adults are a fine uniform pink, or pinkish
white, with no dots or other color markings whatever. They may be luxu-
riantly spinous, or nearly destitute of spines.

Magnificent specimens were dredged in 25 fms., in the Gulf of Mexico, in
various places by the Fish Commission, and off shore it was found even as far
north as Stations 2595 and 2604, in 34-63 fms., sand, 20-40 miles east and
south from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Murex Tryoni Hidalgo, from the
figure and description, seems to be a young specimen of this species.

Murex elegans Beck.
Murex elegans (Beck) Sowerby, Conch. Illustrations, fig. 84.

Habitat. Off Sombrero, in 54 fms.; Station 290, at Barbados, in 73 fms.,
coral, bottom temperature 71°.0 F.

This seems a strictly Antillean species with which trilineatus Reeve is sy-
nonymous, but which seems perfectly distinct from the genuine recurvirostris,
which name has been made to cover a heterogeneous collection in Tryon’s
Manual.

Murex messorius (Szy.) REEVE.
Murex messorius Reeve, Conch. Icon. Murex, fig. 90, 1845 (not of Tryon).

Habitat. Station 142, Flannegan Passage, living in 27 fms., sand. Dead
specimens at Station 220, off St. Lucia, in 116 fms., rocky bottom; Station 247,
in 170 fms., ooze, off Grenada; bottom temperature 78° F., at the first station.
In shallow water near the shore on the coast of Florida and the mainland
round to Aspinwall.

This form is almost without spines, has one faint and two strong intervarical
ribs, and has no color dots or lineations. It has a hispid epidermis, while
that of M. Cabritiz, its nearest relative, is smooth. The latter has a perfectly
straight and much longer canal, unless it has met with some injury. The
Florida specimens are often of a deep rose-pink. They are usually less hooked
and spinose than the discolored specimen figured by Reeve, and have been
well figured as Murex Gundlach by Dunker.

ae. a ions ei

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 197

Murex nodatus Reeve.

Murex nodatus Reeve, Conch. Icon. Murex, fig. 107, 1845.

Habitat. Station 132, off Santa Cruz, in 115 fms., rocky bottom; Station
142, Flannegan Passage, in 27 fms., sand; Station 155, off Montserrat, living,
in 88 fms., bottom temperature 69°. F.; Station 272, off Barbados, in 76 fms.,
sand,

This is a solely Antillean species, so far as known. It is distinguished from
the preceding as more light and spinose, by the more numerous inter-varical
plice, the inter-nodular brown spiral lines, and a tendency to pale brown
spiral zones. It is related to M. elegans, but from the material at hand appears
to be distinct.

Murex Cailleti Perrr.
Murex Cailleti Petit, Journ. de Conchyl., V. p. 87, pl. ii. figs. 1, 2, 1856.

Habitat. Off Santa Cruz, dead but fresh specimen, in 248 fms., sand, at
Station 134,

I feel a good deal of doubt as to whether this is distinct from recurvirostris,
but have not the material to determine the fact. It seems to differ in its
longer canal, lighter texture of shell, more elaborate sculpture, and brown-
spotted coloration. It is also rather more spinose.

Beside the above mentioned species of this subgenus the National Museum
possesses, from the Antillean region, specimens of Murex chrysostoma Gray
and M. concinnus Reeve.

Subgenus CHICOREUS Montrort.

The species figured to represent this genus, and which must determine its
typical form in subdividing the group, is not the true Murex ramosus to which
the text makes ‘reference in Montfort’s work, but a species related to M. rufus,
palmarose, and adustus. Montfort doubtless would have included all the
species like pomum and brassica in his Chicoreus, as would Swainson have
done in his group named Phyllonotus ; but as the latter figures a species of the
pomum type as his example, if we divide the two series the name of Phyllonotus
must be adopted for the latter, while Muricanthus stands only for the few
species like M. radix, which possess a tooth or spine on the outer lip at the
base of the aperture. Through such species as M. quadrifrons, etc., there is a
gradual passage from Chicoreus to Phyllonotus, but for most purposes it will be
convenient to retain the distinction.

Of the group comprehended under the name Chicoreus, the most prominent
species of the region under consideration is Murex rufus of Lamarck, which

198 BULLETIN OF THE

has many synonyms, but in regard to which Mr. Tryon’s manual is in hopeless
confusion. It is, as far as plentiful material permits a judgment, perfectly
distinct from M. adustus. It varies greatly in its frondosity. The most pro-
fuse, long, and subdivided processes are found in the variety M. florifer Reeve,
which is found at Nassau, N. P. The typical form reaches as far north as
within 25 miles of Cape Fear, N. C., where it is found in 15 fms., off shore, in
the warmer water. It is abundant in Florida, the Keys, and the Bahamas.
I have seen no Antillean specimens. M. brevifrons Lamarck has been found
as far north as South Carolina, and is firmly established from Florida to Vene-
zuela, and in the Antilles. A specimen of MZ. quadrifrons Lamarck, from the
West Indies, is also in the National Museum. To this group, rather than to
Phyllonotus, the following species may be also referred.

Chicoreus Hidalgoi Crosse.

Plate XVI. Fig. 3.

Murex Hidalgoi Crosse, Journ. de Conchyl., XVII. p. 408, 1869; XIX. p. 68, pl. i.
fig. 4, 1871.

Habitat. Stations 155 and 158, off Montserrat, in 88 and 148 fms., sand,
bottom temperature 64° to 69°.0 F.; Station 272, in 76 fms., off Barbados.

This is an extremely pretty and distinct species which seldom attains much
more than an inch in length. It has been found in several places in the Lesser
Antilles, and always in deep water.

Subgenus PHYLLONOTUS Swarnson.

The most remarkable American species of this group is also rather north-
ern in its distribution. P. fulvescens Sowerby* is in the National Museum
from the coast of North Carolina and also from Texas. It grows to a large
size and is the largest American species, but probably inhabits shallow water,
as none of the off-shore dredgings show any specimens. I have not seen any

specimens from the Antilles,
The second species of this group found on the shores of the United States is

Phyllonotus pomum GMELIn.
Plate XVI. Fig. 2.
Murex pomum Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 835; Gmelin, Syst. Nat., p. 8527, no. 6.
Murex oculatus Reeve, op. cit., sp. 86, 1845.
* Conch. IIL, p. 7, fig. 30, 1840. It was afterward published as M. spinacosta
Val. (MS.) in Kiener, Icon. Murez, p. 49, pl. xli. fig. 1, 1848, which has been
amended to spinicostata. ©

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 199

Murex mexicanus Petit, Journ. de Conchyl., III. p. 51, pl. ii. fig. 9, 1852.
Murex asperrimus Lam., Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, II. p. 158, 1858.

Murex pomiformis (Martini) Auctorum.

* Murex imperialis Tryon, ex parte.

Habitat. Station 152, Flannegan Passage, in 27 fms., sand, temperature
78° F., one very young specimen, which I have figured.

This species extends its range from the warm water off the coast of North
Carolina to Florida, the mainland round to Venezuela, etc., and the Antilles.
One of the brightest-colored specimens I have seen came from near Beaufort,
N.C. The colors are variable, and I suspect the Murex imperialis from the
island of Margarita, West Indies (if not an error for Margarita in the Gulf of
California), referred to by Mr. Tryon, is merely a very large, pale, bright-
mouthed JZ. pomum. The typical color of the mouth is pale salmon-color
picked out with dark brown, but in some specimens the brown becomes a
tolerably lively yellow, and the salmon-color a pale pink, while in still others
the mouth is white, especially at inter-varical periods. The number of varices
is usually three, but this is not invariable; there may be four, or the number
may be irregular. The young shell sometimes looks like a little stumpy Fusus,
of a vivid pink. Varices are inconspicuous in the early whorls, which are
reticulated, while the nucleus is deep pink, or brown, smooth, small, and about
two-whorled. The epidermis of the young shell is quite hispid.

Phyllonotus interserratus Sowersy.

Murex interserratus Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Murez, p. 39, no. 180, fig. 204, 1879.
Murex Pazi Sby., op. cit., fig. 208, not of Crosse.

Habitat. Station 273, off Barbados, in 103 fms., coral; and Station 156, off
Montserrat, in 88 fms., sand, bottom temperatures 60° to 69° F.

This is a very neat and pretty little species, which combines characters re-
minding one of Ocinebra, Paziella, Trophon, and Phyllonotus. No habitat
was given for it by the describer, and it is now determined as Antillean for
the first time.

Phyllonotus Pazi Crosse.

Plate XV. Fig. 1.

Murex Paz Crosse, Journ. de Conchyl., XVII. p. 183, 1869; XVIII. p. 99, pl. i.
fig. 7, 1870. Not of Sowerby, Thes. Conchyl. Murez, fig. 208, 1879.

Habitat. Station 20, off Bahia Honda, Cuba, in 220 fms., bottom tempera-
ture 62° F. Also at U. S. Fish Commission Station 2655, on the Little
Bahama Bank, in 338 fms., sand, temperature 47°.5 F.

This is a remarkable little shell, which takes a long step toward uniting

200 BULLETIN OF THE

Murex with Trophon. It has been called Paziella by one of those gentlemen
who employ themselves in inventing superfluous names for these animals.
He also called Murex zelandicus (which only differs. from M. Pazi in
wanting the spines on the canal) Perrieria. I do not know which name is
prior, and neither of them are particularly worth retaining. Sowerby has
figured what seems to be a specimen of MM. interserratus for this shell. No
figure of the genuine MM. Pazi appears in the Thesaurus. The figure we give
is of the young shell dredged by the Blake. A fine specimen, 32 by 32 mm.,
was afterward obtained from the Fish Commission. It differs from M. Crosse’s
figure only in wanting the revolving lines on the base of the last whorl.

Phyllonotus hystricinus Da tt.
Plate XV. Fig. 4.

Shell yellowish white, thin, translucent when young, nine-whorled. Spire
pointed, turrited; nucleus white, smooth; remainder of the whorls with close-
set varices, crimped by the intersection of three principal posterior and several
smaller anterior spiral ribs, the largest being the most posterior and angulat-
ing the whorls. The ribs are prolonged on the varices into guttered recurved
spines, of which the posterior series is much the longest, the next pair smaller
and subequal, those in front much smaller and more recurved; there are nine
of these varices on the last whorl and more on the earlier whorls; with each
varix a new canal is formed, much recurved, so that the base shows a vortex of
four radiating canal spines with a deep chink in their midst. The canal re-
mains always open; with this exception the margin of the aperture is con-
tinuous; it is elevated, a little thickened and with three or four nodular
denticles in the adult within the outer lip. Max. lon. of shell, 21.0; of last
whorl, 15.0; of aperture, 6.3; and of the canal, 8.5; max. lat. of aperture,
5.5; of shell, including spines, 16.5 mm.

Habitat. Station 158, in 148 fms., rocky bottom, off Montserrat; Station
206, off Martinique, living in 170 fms., sand, bottom temperature 49°.0 F.;
also at U. S. Fish Commission Station 2134, south of Cuba, in 254 fms.,
sand. |

This singular shell belongs to the group of MV. carduus Broderip and fimbria-
tus Hinds (= luculentus Reeve). All of them might be or have been referred
to Trophon, where I should have placed them, except that the operculum is
typically Muricoid and the interior of the lip dentate. Multiply the series of
spines and varices on Murex Pazi and you will have a shell of this kind, which
is directly connected with Trophon, as far as shell characters go, by such species
as T. actinophorus. But no linear arrangement can express the relationship of
these groups or species.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 201

Subgenus PTERONOTUS Swarnson.

This group has been regarded as rather characteristic of the shores of the
Southwestern Pacific Ocean, but we now have several species to add to the
Atlantic fauna, where a few were already known.

Pteronotus macropterus Desmayres.

Murex macropterus Deshayes, Mag. de Zool., 1841, pl. xxxviii.
Pteropurpura macroptera Jousseaume, 1880. Fischer, Man., p. 641, 1884.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2595, 22 miles E.S. E, from Cape
Hatteras, N. C., in 63 fms., sand, bottom temperature 75° F.

Two living specimens of the above species were obtained by the Albatross,
The operculum is as figured by Deshayes in his original paper, the nucleus
nearly lateral, but also nearly apical, as in M. rufus and M. pomum, though of
course on a smaller scale. This species has had a generic or subgeneric name
applied to it, but as for differential characters there are none alleged of a
permanent and definite character.

Pteronotus phaneus n.s.

Shell ashy white, elongated, thin, six-whorled. Nucleus translucent, smooth,
polished, of about one and a half whorls; whorls slightly convex, appressed to
the suture behind them, connected by three continuous fin-like varices which
in descending the spire make about half a revolution around it; these varices
on the upper whorls were extended backward into a little wing-like point with
dentate edges; on the last whorl the lines of growth indicate that the thin
margin was rounded, parallel with the whorl. Transverse sculpture of fine
growth-lines, and on the last two whorls at the periphery three short little
narrow pinched-up riblets between the varices; spiral sculpture of fine rather
faint strize and wider undulations, hardly visible except on the varices; of these
there are nine or ten on the last varix. Aperture elongate-oval, internally
white, thickened, smooth; canal rather long, open, bent back. Max. lon. of
shell, 17.0; of last whorl, 13.5; of aperture, 5.0; max. lat. of aperture, 3.0; of
shell, 8.0 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2662, off St. Augustine, Florida,
in 434 fms., sand, temperature 43°.7 F.

This species agrees more nearly with the Indo-Pacific species by having three
inter-varical ribs, while the Atlantic species hitherto known have only one. It
is, however, more nearly related to the next species than to any hitherto de-
scribed, as far as I have been able to ascertain. The body of the shell is not
unlike that of P. cordismei Watson, figured in the Challenger Report, but the
present species has none of the semitubular spines which give the Australian
shell the look of a Typhis.

202 BULLETIN OF THE

Pteronotus tristichus n. s.

Plate XV. Fig. 3.

Shell pure white, thin, polished, delicate, with six rather loosely coiled,
rounded whorls; body more slender than in the last species, sutures much
deeper and not appressed. Nucleus large, loosely coiled, glassy, white ; varices
making about one quarter of a revolution around the spire, very thin, edges
dentate, prolonged on the shoulder of the whorls into a long pinna with a flat
central rib; below there are three other less prominent ribs, which project at the
edge of the varix on the last whorl; there is no transverse sculpture except
incremental lines, nor any inter-varical ribs; the spiral sculpture is obscure and
very faint, except the ribs on the varices; aperture small, pear-shaped; canal
open, rather long, bent to the right, the canal belonging to the preceding varix,
behind it, persistent and bent to the left. Max. lon. of shell, 15.5; of last
whorl, 11.0; of aperture, 3.3; max. lat. of aperture, 2.0; of shell, 10.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 51, off Havana, in 243-450 fms., Sigsbee. Station 5,
152-229 fms., off Cuba.

This is a very elegant little shell, and not like any of the shallow-water
species.

Genus EUPLEURA H.&A. Apams.

This genus, separated from the Tritontide by Stimpson, with the type
Eupleura caudata Say, is a Pteronotus with irregular and more numerous
varices. It has been referred to Trophon as a subgenus by Kobelt, but, while
admitting that some of the Trophons are more nearly related to Eupleura than
to the type of Trophon, I think the dentate aperture and heavy primary varices,
the texture and habits of the shell, the station occupied by the animal on the
shores, and its subtropical preferences as to habitat, all point to a distinction
worthy of preservation. I would, therefore, rather remove the muricoid Tro-
phons, or rather the muricoid species which have been included with the real
Trophons, to the vicinity of Eupleura, than sink the differences by a transfer in
the opposite direction. I should not retain among the typical Trophons any of
the species with a contracted callus and dentate aperture, or with varices of
which part are distinguished from the others by a heavy deposit of shell
substance.

Eupleura caudata Say.

Ranella caudata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II. p. 236, 1822.
Lupleura caudata Stimpson, Am. Journ. Conch., I. p. 58, pl. viii. fig. 5, 1865.

The range of this species, as exhibited by the specimens of the National
Museum, extends from Cape Cod to Charlotte Harbor, Florida. The northern
specimens are rather larger, rougher, with the longitudinal sculpture more equal

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 203

to the transverse, and taking on in this way a more reticulated appearance. It
has been confounded with a closely related, but quite distinguishable, West
American species, Hupleura muriciformis Broderip, or clathrata Gray. The
latter (A) is a considerably larger shell when adult, and may be distinguished
from EL. caudata (B) by the following characters.

A. Larger (circa 40.0 mm.); strongly three-noduled on the back of the last
whorl, the middle nodule most prominent, giving the shell a trigonal aspect
when viewed from the apex of the spire; a second primary varix frequently
found behind this middle nodule, or near it; line of the nodules represented
by a keel on the varix, which terminates in a strong recurved hook, grooved
in front, with no teeth behind this groove, or between it and the body whorl,
inside the aperture; aperture tapering gradually into the canal, and therefore
ovate-pyriform.

B. Smaller (max. circa 28.0 mm.), with two strong or several obscure nod-
ules on the back, all the varices nearly in the same plane, so that the shell is
not trigonal but flattened-ovate viewed from the apex; the keel from the line
of the nodules does not materially interrupt the rounding over of the varix to
the body, though the young have asmall spine here, which is not grooved in
front, and the denticulations of the aperture extend quile up to the body, and
there is even one on the callus overlaying the body whorl itself; the varices
are broader, the mouth shorter and rounder, and more contracted at the begin-
ning of the canal.

The comparison should be made in all cases with fully adult specimens; the
young, and those specimens in which the callosity of the mouth is not fully
complete, are very close to one another, especially if Floridian specimens are
compared with those from the west coast of America. This is, however, only
what we should anticipate with two forms which in all probability are de-
scended from the same ancestors, and have become differentiated within a
comparatively short geological time. The soft parts of Eupleura caudata are
of a yellowish white color with opaque white dots and mottlings. The ten-
tacula taper from base to tip, with the eyes about midway, not showing any
enlargement. The foot is short, truncate in front, rounded behind. The verge
is behind the right tentacle, turned back in a curve like the outline of the
concha of the human ear. It is compressed at the base, thick, rounded and
blunt at the tip, the transverse diameter subequal throughout. The egg cap-
sules, like those of many Muricide, are pedunculate on a long slender pedicel,
like a three-sided prism, swelling above, one keel rounding off and sending
bifurcations to the other two, which are unequally prominent, the right or
highest one terminating in a minute circular aperture, the left in an acute
point. There are 12 to 20 very minute dark egys in each capsule. They were
taken by Dr. Stimpson at Beaufort, S. C. The wide difference between these
and the flattened circular capsules of Trophon (see Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., IV.
pl. viii. fig. 2) is apparent. The operculum is chestnut-brown, and like that of
Murex or Pteronotus, not like that of Trophon.

204 BULLETIN OF THE

Eupleura Stimpsonii n. s.

Shell small, thin, whitish, not polished, with four varices to the whorl and
five whorls; nucleus smooth, white; spiral sculpture of extremely fine faint
striz, and of (on the last whorl) five low keels, most prominent on the back of
the varices. ‘he posterior keel is produced at the shoulder as a spine, which
on the front side of the varix looks as if it were holding up the webbing of the
varix as a tent-pole holds a tent; the other keels are represented on the front
of the varix only by shallow grooves. The transverse sculpture is composed of
well marked incremental lines; above the spine on the last whorl the web
of the varix extends to the fifth preceding varix; below the spine it follows
the outline of the aperture, nearly, and terminates midway down the canal;
the margin is even except at the spine and the ends of the grooves; aperture
rounded, continuously marginate except at the open narrow canal; there are
four teeth inside the outer lip in front of the spine, and three near the front of
the inner lip; the canal is slightly recurved, the end of the antecedent canal
projecting from it at the left; suture well marked. Max. lon. of shell, 12.0;
of last whorl, 9.0; of aperture, 3.0; of canal, 4.0; max. lat. of aperture, 2.2;
of the varix at the spine, 2.8; of the shell, 7.0 mm.

Habitat. Barbados in 100 fms. A fragment in 1002 fms., off Cape San
Antonio.

This is a very short and triangular little species, which was dredged alive;
but the alcohol spoiled, and the soft parts and opercula were lost before I
received the jar. .

Genus TROPHON MontTrort.

This genus has been very properly divided by Fischer and others into sec-
tions, sufficiently well characterized for the most part.*

* In connection with this genus it may be as well to clear up the synonymy of
a West Coast species which has fallen into confusion.

Trophon (Boreotrophon) Dalli Kose tr.

Trophon muriciformis Dall, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., VIII., extras, p. 4, March 19, 1877;
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IX. 302, pl. iv. fig. 6.

Trophon Dalli Kobelt, Mar. & Chemn., ed. Kuster, N. Ausg., t. Ixxiv. fig. 1.

Trophon Goodridget Forbes, MS. name on tablet in British Museum.

Trophon Gooderichii Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pl. ccccv. figs. 25, 26, 1880, as of Forbes ;
in error.

Trophon coronatus Sowerby, not of A. Adams.

Not Trophon? (‘‘ Buccinum”’) muriciformis King, Zool. Journ., V. p. 848, 1881.

Not Lupleura (“ Ranella”’) muriciformis Broderip, P. Z. S. 1852, p. 179.

Not Trophon muriciformis Sowerby, Thes., sp. 38, pl. ececv. fig. 40, 1880, wrongly as
of Philippi (= Fusus albidus Phil. = Trophon Gerversianus Pallas, testa jun.).

The blunders of Mr. Sowerby in this connection are almost incredible. There
is no Trophon Gooderichii Forbes, nor T. muriciformis Philippi. The Buccinum muri-

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY 205

The deep-water species off the American coast would all appear to be refer-
able to Boreotrophon Fischer, with the exception of one of the species about to be
described. This presents in some respects such analogies with species of Murex
like M. hystricina, that I have doubts as to whether the specimens I have seen
are fully adult, and whether they might not, when more mature, develop an
aperture of the muricoid type. For this reason I forbear to suggest any sectional
name for the form in question until more data shall have been obtained.

The species known from the eastern coast (excluding the ordinary Arctic
forms) are few. They comprise 7. vaginatus C. & J. (+ clavatus Sars);
T. abyssorum Verrill,* and the following species. All of them are closely
related, and the range of variation is not yet well determined.

Boreotrophon (aculeatus Warson var.?) lacunellus pn. s.
Plate XV. Fig. 4.

Shell solid, white, turrited, with about eight whorls, carrying each twelve
to fourteen slightly vaulted lamella, which are angulated on the smaller whorls
at about the middle of their visible surface; nucleus smooth, white, with about
one and a half turns; subsequent coils sculptured only by the stout lamelle,
moderately strong lines of growth, and rather numerous irregular scratches or
ill-defined ridges directed in a spiral sense here and there on the shell. The
angulation of the (aperture and consequently of the) varices, though distinct, is
not sufficiently produced to form spines; suture distinct but not deep; posterior
surface of the whorls oblique, here and there slightly concave; anterior surface
(or base) rounded, produced and prolonged into a slender canal somewhat
curved to the left; aperture narrow, long, rather sharply angulated at the
suture, in front passing without any very marked constriction into the tapering
canal; inner and outer lips reflected and connected over the body by a contin-
uous callus; the inner lip has a chink behind it at the beginning of the beak;
the outer portion of the reflection of the outer lip is angulated about one third
of the way from the suture toward the beak; the lips are polished, white, and
slightly thickened within. Max. lon. of shell, 41.0 (2) ; of last whorl, 29.0; of
aperture, 24.5; lat. of shell, 15.5; of aperture, 7.5 mm.

Habitat. Station 163, off Guadelupe, in 769 fms., sand, bottom tempera-
ture 39°.75 F. .

I am in some doubt in regard to this shell, which presents several differences
from any of a number of closely allied forms, to none of which does it yet seem
quite safe to refer it. It is larger and has a longer and more even spire, less
angulated whorls, and angles much less produced, than in 7. multilamellosus
Philippi. It is nearer 7. clavatus of Sars, but still with similar differences,

ciformis King, which he tried to quote, is probably a variety of 7. Gerversianus ; but
owing to the confusion and doubt attending the specific name, it is probably better
‘to adopt that of Dr. Kobelt.

* Trophon Lintoni Verrill strongly suggests Coralliophila rather than Trophon.

206 BULLETIN OF THE

and is three times as large as 7. clavatus, with nearly the same number of
whorls. It is most closely related to 7. aculeatus Watson, from deep water off
Pernambuco, and I am disposed to consider them the same, though our shell
has fewer whorls in the same length and a proportionally longer canal. But
the types of 7. aculeatus are evidently quite young.

Younger specimens of what I suppose to be the same species have been taken
by the U. S. Fish Commission at Stations 2677, 2678, off Cape Fear, N. C.,
in 478 and 731 fms., mud, bottom temperature 49°.3 and 38°. 7. Also in
the Gulf of Mexico, at, Station 2398, in 227 fms., mud, bottom temperature
48°.6 F.

Boreotrophon actinophorus n. s.
Plate XV. Fig. 2.

Shell translucent white, very thin, glassy, seven-whorled ; nucleus white,
smooth, two-whorled ; spiral sculpture of very fine faint irregular spiral lines;
transverse sculpture of the incremental lines and a keel or angulation at the
shoulder of the whorl which is produced into long nearly horizontally extended
triangular spines, deeply guttered out, and having the upper or posterior side
shorter in the direction of rotation than the other, so that looked at from the
apex the spines recall the paper whirligigs or wind-wheels used as children’s
toys. There are six of these spines on the last whorl and thirty-one on the
whole shell figured. Spire elevated; suture distinct, not channelled; aperture
narrow, long, angulated at the spine, continuous with the open canal which is
curved to the right; at the left of the canal projects a whorl of three or more
tips of antecedent canals (often broken away). Interior of aperture simple, not
thickened. Max. lon. of shell, 17.5; of last whorl, 12.3; of aperture and canal,
10.0; max. lat. of aperture, 3.0; of the shell exclusive of spines, 6.0; of the
whole shell, 14.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 134, off Santa Cruz, in 248 fms., sand; Station 206, off
Martinique, in 170 fms., sand; and Station 299, near Barbados, in 140 fms.,
coral; temperatures from 49°.0 to 56°.5 F.

This is a very remarkable shell, and if immature, as I suspect, it is singular
that an adult was not taken at one of the three stations. Whether a Murez or
a Trophon it is entirely distinct from anything I have been able to find any
record of. It has in all respects the appearance of a truly abyssal species.

Subgenus ASPELLA Morcu.

Aspella Morch, Malak. Blatt., XXIV. p. 24, 1877. (No description.)

Poweria Monterosato, Nom. Gen. Conch. Medit., p. 118, 1884. Not Poweria Bona-
parte, Ichthyology, 1841.

Murex, Triton, Ranella, etc., Auct. var.

The name suggested by Morch for Ranella anceps Lamarck, was not accom-
panied by any diagnosis or differential characters. There is, however, no reason

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 207

why it should not be retained, in the absence of any fully established name of
other date. It is somewhat uncertain in the absence of definite information
as to the nucleus of A. anceps, its operculum, dentition, and soft parts, to know
whether it belongs to the group of which Murex scalarioides would form a
type. But A. anceps presents so many analogies with A. hastula, especially as
to form and quality of surface, while A. hastula has the nucleus and surface
identical with and is otherwise so closely like certain forms of A.? scalarioides,
that I do not think it judicious to separate them.

Aspella anceps Lamarck.

Ranella anceps Lamarck, An. s. Vert., WII. p. 154, 1822.

Ranella (Aspella) anceps Morch, Malak. Blatt., XXIV. p. 24, 1877.

Ranella pyramidalis Broderip, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 194; Sowerby, Conch. Ill. Raneila,
fig. 2.

Ranella producta Pease, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 397.

Habitat. St. Thomas, Riis and Morch. West Indies, Tryon.

This species has been reported several times from the West Indies. It is
doubtful, however, whether the shell referred to is really 7. anceps or the fol-
lowing species. At least there is no reason why it should not be found in the
Antilles, since I have seen specimens from Ceylon, Mauritius, Panama, Aca-
pulco, and the Sandwich Islands.

The identity of Pease’s shell with the ordinary anceps is determined from a
specimen received from the author.

This shell is almost always found in collections dead and worn, with the
secondary varices worn down, the calcareous layer which should clothe the
surface eroded, and the nucleus lost. I have never been able to examine a
perfectly fresh specimen. I have no doubt, however, of its distinctness from
the next species.

Aspella hastula Reeve.
Ranella hastula Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ranella, fig. 42, 1844.

Habitat. China Seas, Stimpson. Station 2617, in 14 fms., sand, twenty-
five miles S. E. from Cape Fear, North Carolina, U. S. Fish Commission.

This curious little species is of a chestnut-brown under the spongy calcareous
layer. It has 3-5 varices to the whorl; A. anceps, always six. The revolving
lines are less elevated than is usual with A. anceps, and never nodulated, as is
often the case with the latter. The nucleus is exactly that of the following
species, and the amount of compression varies very greatly, some specimens
showing almost none.

208 BULLETIN OF THE

Aspella? scalarioides BuainviLze (em.).

Murex scalaroides Blainville, Fauna Francaise, p. 131, pl. 5a, figs. 5, 6, 1826; Monte-
rosato, Bull. Soc. Mal. It., V. p. 227, 1879.

Murex scalarinus Bivona-Bernardi, Nuovo Gen. Moll., p. 27, pl. iii. fig. 11, 1882.

Murex distinotus Cristoforis e Jan, Cat. No. 4, pl. xi. fig. 2, 1833 (or later); Phi-
lippi, Moll. Sicil., I. p. 209, pl. xi. fig. 32, 1886; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Murez,
fig. 161, 1845.

Murex leucoderma Scacchi, Cat. Conchyl. Reg. Nap., p. 12, fig. 16, 1836.

Ocinebra scalaroides Kobelt, Jahrb. Mal. Ges., IV. p. 244, 1877.

Murex (Muricidea) scalarioides Brugnone, Bull. Mal. Ital., III. p. 29, 1877.

Poweria scalarina Monterosato, Nom. Gen. Conch. Medit., p. 118, 1884.

Habitat. Mediterranean and Adriatic.

Aspella scalarioides var. paupercula C. B. Apams.

Murex pauperculus C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch., p. 60, 1850.

Triton Cantrainei Recluz, Journ. de Conchyl., IV. pp. 246, 418, pl. viii. fig. 10, 1853;
and V. p. 156, 1856. Krebs, Cat., p. 21.

Ocinebra Cantraine: Kobelt, Jahrb. Mal. Ges., IV. p. 244, 1877.

Habitat. West Coast of Florida, in 50 fms.

Aspella scalarioides var. lamellosa Dunxer.

Ranella lamellosa Dunker, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 240.

Habitat. Florida Keys, Bermuda, Antilles.

Aspella scalarioides var. obeliscus A. Apams.

Murex obeliscus A. Adams, P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 269; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. JZurez, fig.
233, 1879.

Murex alveatus Reeve, Conch. Icon. Murez, figs. 157, 168, 1845.

2 Murex alveatus Kiener, Icon. Murex, p. 24, pl. xlvi. fig. 2.

Habitat. St. Thomas, W. I., Adams; Vera Cruz, Mexico, Strebel.

The characters which I take to be of more than specific value in this poly-
morphic form are as follows: —

Nucleus small; at first obliquely and loosely wound, like a “stranded ” rope,
giving the appearance at first sight of a reversed nucleus; its material not
different from that of which the rest of the early whorls are formed.

Shell with a tendency to lateral compression, as in Gyrineum, which may be
more or less constant in the same species or vary during the ages of the same
specimen.

Operculum elongated, acute, with an apical nucleus, resembling the opercu-

March 18, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 209

lum of Sipho or Boreotrophon, Favartia, which is nearest in form to this
among the Murices, has a muricoid operculum with its nucleus not apical.

Dentition like that of typical Murex, not resembling Muricidea, Ocinebra, or
Trophon.

Superficies of the shell with a cellulose or finely vermiculated cretaceous white
layer; beneath this chalky layer a harder shell-substance, sometimes colored.
Epidermis seemingly absent.

Canal short, recurved, always open; aperture denticulated in the adult.

The soft parts of a specimen of A. scalarioides var. paupercula Adams, taken
at Key West by Hemphill, were white with very distinct black eyes. The ten-
tacles were small and close together, the eyes situated on their outer sides
half-way toward the tip. The foot is large for the size of the animal, rounded
behind, double-edged in front, and auriculated at the anterior corners. As far
as one could judge from the contracted alcoholic specimen, the auriculation
must have been very marked and the anterior median indentation deep. The
proboscis moderately long, the radula long but very small, its formula 1+4-+1.
It much resembled that of M. trunculus and M. brevispina as figured by Tro-
schel in his Gebiss der Schnecken. There were the usual two gills on the left
side. The cesophagus was rather long, with no post-oral dilatation, and much
contorted. There seemed to be a small appendix to the right margin of the
siphonal extension of the mantle.

The shell of this species when quite young looks like a small inflated Boreo-
trophon. As it gets older, a tendency is often exhibited in two of the normal
six varices to grow bigger than the others, beside which the intermediate part
of the whorl alee becomes somewhat flattened. A specimen of this sort,
especially if the flattening is pronounced, as it sometimes is, looks much like a
large white Aspella hastula, and one such was described by Dunker as Ranella
lamellosa. For this state or stage, sometimes permanent, I reserve the varietal
name lamellosa.

Generally the second stage passes, later on, into what may be called the nor-
mal form, which is not flattened but muricoid or like a small Tritonium. This
I call variety paupercula, as it is what was described as Murex pauperculus by
Adams, and later as a Triton by Recluz.

This may be stout or slender, and is usually pure white. The slender form
is apt to have the spiral lines stronger. When very long and with some
touches of light brown on the under layer of the varices it becomes variety
obeliscus, described as a species by A. Adams. This may be the same as
Murex alveatus Kiener (if that is not a Favartia), and is certainly the shell
figured under that name by Reeve.

The typical form is that from the Mediterranean, which, in a full series, I find
to be generally more elevated, with rounder whorls, less prominent varices, and
obscurer spirals. Still there are some Mediterranean specimens exactly like
the Floridian variety paupercula. Blainville’s specific name seems to be gen-
erally accepted, and I have used it, but have not been able to consult the original
work. Monterosato adopts Bivona’s specific name and separates the shell under

VOL, XVIII. 14

210 BULLETIN OF THE

a generic name which had been used for a fish some time previously by Bona-
parte. For reasons already stated, I refer the species provisionally to Aspella.

Aspella hastula has exactly such a surface as this shell, and so when perfect
does A, anceps. The nucleus of A. hastula is precisely that of A. scalarivides.
I have not seen any specimen of anceps which retains the nucleus, But the
more perfect the specimens, the nearer their general character agrees with that
of hastula and scalarioides, though I admit that the commonly worn and defect-
ive beach specimens of anceps would usually convey a different impression.

Murex erosus Broderip has been compared with this species, and much re-
sembles M. intermedius C. B. Adams, Both belong to the group which follows,
It is destitute of an external cretaceous layer, and has a different operculum.

In the Jeffreys collection I find a “ Murex distinctus var. acanthopterus,”
labelled by Monterosato. This shell is a young and slender whitish specimen
of a Muricidea, like M. hexagona, I have not seen it referred to elsewhere,
and the name may be a manuscript one.

Genus OCINEBRA Leacu.

There does not seem to be any good reason why this name should be mis-
spelled, as it is so often, and as I find it in the “ Mollusques Marins du Roussil-
lon,” for example; but it probably arises from the fact that it is easier to look
at Dr. Gray’s P. Z. S. list of genera of 1847, than it is to correct the numerous
errors contained in that list by going to the original authority.

There are several species on our coasts which belong to this group if we
regard the shell only; but in O. erinacea the operculum is that of typical
Murex, anterior but not apical, and somewhat laterally situated. In the
American species the nucleus is apical, and I suppose them to bear somewhat
such a relation to Ocinebra proper as Boreotrophon Fischer does to the typical
Trophon. I have not been able to examine the operculum of Murex breviculus
Sowerby, to which the name of Favartia was applied in 1880, according to
Fischer.

But the shell of I. breviculus has so many points in common with that of
our little Ocinebras, that I suspect it belongs to the same group, which would,
in that case, form a subgenus of Ocinebra rather than of Phyllonotus.

For the present I shall adopt the name referred to for the shells in question.

Subgenus FAVARTIA FiscHer.

Favartia cellulosa Conran.
Plate XVI. Fig. 1.

Murex cellulosa Conrad, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III. p. 25, 1846.
Murex nuceus Morch, Cat. Kierulf, p. 14, no. 348, pl. i. fig. 9, 1850.
Ocenebra nuceus Morch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 95, 1852.

Habitat. Coast of the United States from the vicinity of Cape Fear, N. C,

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 211

to Florida, Vera Cruz, Bermuda, and the Antilles. Off Sombrero in 54 fms.,
Blake Expedition.

I found this form together with Urosalpinx tampaénsis and varieties of
U. cinereus on the oyster-beds in Tampa Bay, exactly as described by Conrad
nearly half a century ago, The Tampa specimens have spots of purplish brown
inside the mouth, but most of the specimens from other localities have the
mouth whitish with a brownish throat. It has been received from the Antilles
under the name of MM. casta A. Adams; it is probably the same as Sowerby’s
M. jamaicensis, which appears to be a young shell, and it is without doubt the
shell whose varieties are catalogued by Melvill in his list of Florida shells
under the names of Murex tetragonus and cyclostomus. The very slender and
strongly recurved canal is almost always broken off in cabinet specimens.

Favartia (cellulosa var.?) levicula Datu.

This form differs from the typical cellulosa in being somewhat smaller and
more slender, with one less varix on the average and with the varices thinner,
somewhat more branched, and each forming a sharp-edged rather than a broad-
ish rounded ridge. The revolving ribs are feebler, and in nearly all the speci-
mens entirely obsolete over most of the space between the varices on the last
whorl. This gives the shell a very different aspect, but a tendency to such a
condition is seen in some specimens of cellulosa and other apparently allied
species. I regard it as a variety of cellulosa, and Sowerby’s figure (Thes.
Murex, pl. xxiii. fig. 223) of his jamaicensis would fairly well represent a
specimen in which the ribs had not become obsolete.

This form was obtained by the U.S. Fish Commission off Cape Lookout,
N. C., at Station 2609, and in 25-40 fms. at various stations in the Gulf of
Mexico, including Key West.

Favartia intermedia C. B. Apams.

Murex intermedius C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch. p. 60, 1850; not of Tryon.

This species is foynd from the Florida Keys to Vera Cruz, Mexico, is abun-
dant at Bermuda (Hamlin), and has been received from Cuba and St. Thomas.

It is entirely distinct from the shell called Triton Cantrainei by Recluz and
M. pauperculus by C. B. Adams. That species may be identical with M. alve-
atus Kiener, as claimed by Tryon, but he is wrong in referring the present
species to it. It may be distinguished from M. cellulosa Con. by being more
slender, elevated, and having in the adult the last varix proportionally larger
thon any of the others. M. pauperculus C. B, Adams, which is in the National
Museum from Vera Cruz and St. Thomas, is remarkable for having a sort of
calcareous whitish outer coating, like that seen on Ranella hastula Reeve,
which is easily removed, and under which the shell is often of a darker color.

212 BULLETIN OF THE

Genus MURICIDEA (Swainson) Morcu.

< Muricidea Swainson, Malac., p. 296, 1840.

== Muricidea Morch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 95, 1852.

== Muricopsis Bucquoy et Dautzenberg, Moll. Marins du Roussillon, p. 19, pl. i.
figs. 5, 6, 1882 ; Fischer, Man., p. 642.

Swainson’s genus contained a heterogeneous assembly After eliminating the
forms which had already been separated from Murex by Montfort as Jrophon,
Phos, etc., there remained M. hexagona Lamarck and allied species to conserve
Swainson’s name. This revision was indicated by Moérch as above cited, who
gives M. hexagona and M. Blainvillei Payr. as examples. This revision has
been accepted by Carpenter and others without comment, but appears to have
been overlooked by the authors of the Marine Mollusca of Roussillon, who in
1882 proposed the subgenus Muricopsis for the same two species. Numerous
species which have been referred to Pseudomurez, etc., doubtless belong in this
group, which is so intimately related to the genus Murez as to raise grave doubts
as to its right to rank higher than a subgenus. The chief characters of the
group are the absence of primary varices, or those, so characteristic of Murez,
Tritonium, Ranella, etc., which dominate over the ordinary system of ribs;
the operculum, like that of Fusus rather than Murez, with its apical or almost
apical nucleus; the tallish spire, and the always open canal. Some species
have only ribs; in the typical species there are spiny varices instead of ribs;
in others again it is difficult to say whether the structure is a rib or a varix.

Muricidea hexagona Lamarck.

Fragments of this species were found in several of the dredgings. It is not
rare on the Mexican coast and among the Antilles.

Muricidea floridana Conran.

Urosalpinx florrdanus Conrad, Am. Journ. Conch., V. p. 106, pl. xii. fig. 4, 1869.
2 Murex ostrearum Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., III. p. 25, 1846.
Muricidea floridana Dall, Hemphill’s Shells, p. 826, 1888.

This species is well named, as I have never seen a specimen except from
Florida. I have little doubt, from all the circumstances, that this is Murex
ostrearum of Conrad. Conrad’s description was very short, loose, and insuff-
cient for purposes of identification, so it is just as well to let it alone and re-
tain the name about which no doubt exists. This species is very liable to be
confounded with Urosalpinx perrugatus Conrad, which is found with it, among
the oysters. That species is best distinguished by the longer, more sculptured,
and less excavated shoulder to the whorl, the shorter and wider canal, and the
purpuroid operculum. M. floridana has a totally different fusoid operculum
with apical nucleus, as I showed in 1883.

a =

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 213

Muricidea multangula Puarirertr.

Fusus multangulus Philippi, Zeitschr. fiir Mal., V. p.25, 1849; Abbild. u. Beschr.,
III. p. 117, t. xxiv. 1, fig. 6, 1850.
Muricidea Hemphillii Dall, Hemphill’s Shells, p. 827, 1883.

This fine species ranges from Cape Fear to Florida, Yucatan, and the West
Indies. It varies greatly in color and often has a rich pink mouth. When
in its highest state of perfection the epidermis is rendered hispid by little
triangular projecting points. In most specimens, even when taken alive,
the epidermis is smooth, the points having been rubbed off. There is a raised
anterior edge to the pillar in the adult. The operculum is fusoid. I have
not examined the dentition, but think it possible that its true place may per-
haps be with Fusus, in spite of the short canal. It is one of our most elegant
species.

Muricidea Philippiana n. s.

Shell short, acutely fusiform, solid, with about five whorls; spire acute,
suture flexuous, appressed; slope of the spire nearly flat, the turns being flat-
tened or even slightly excavated above the periphery; transverse sculpture of
lines of growth, and of (on the last whorl nine) peripheral undulations or ribs
with about equal interspaces; these are almost confined to the periphery; in
one specimen these are crossed by three or four about equidistant spiral ridges,
faint, becoming prominent and keeled or nodulous on the ribs; this one has
also two strong ridges on the canal, and is pure white; another specimen has
only faint spiral striae on the canal, the periphery is smooth, the ribs lumpy,
the color white with spiral brown lines toward the periphery; in still another
the posterior row of nodulations becomes short, sharp, and spinous, the revolv-
ing threads seem more numerous on the base; canal short, rapidly tapering,
open, pointed; a well marked siphonal fasciole is normal, one hardly shows it,
another has it funicular; aperture elongate oval, outer lip with 5-7 strong
lire within; margin simple, acute; throat porcelain-white with a tendency to
rosy or purple; columella smooth with a dash of rose or purple in some speci-
mens, and two or three faint granulations, in the perfectly adult, near its an-
terior edge. Max. lon. of shell, 17.4; of last whorl, 12.4; of aperture, 10.0;
max. lat. of aperture, 4.5; of shell, 10.5 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2362, 2363, off Cape Catoche,
Yucatan, in 20-25 fms., coral sand; and by Hemphill at Key West, among
coral at low water.

This is a singular shell, over which I have puzzled for some time. It has
features recalling Latirus, Tritonidea, etc., but seems most fairly placed here.
It is almost always overgrown with calcareous alge; one has had this coat
gnawed off by some vegetarian mollusk, the result of which is a pretty ver-
micular surface sculpture, which looks as if it might be natural. The most
characteristic feature of the shell is the peculiar half translucent milk-and-water
whiteness of its substance.

214 BULLETIN OF THE

Genus UROSALPINX Srtimpsoy.

This genus differs from Muricidea by its operculum, which is externally like
that of typical Murex and internally shows gyratory Purpura-like scars. The
nucleus is within the edge about midway between the ends, not apical or sub-
apical as in the preceding group. In other respects they do not greatly differ.
The genus is of economic importance, as it destroys millions of young oysters
in all our seaboard States, holding the destructive eminence here which
Ocinebra erinacea is accorded in Europe. There are three American species
known to belong to it; U. cinereus Say, ranging from Massachusetts to Florida;
U. tampaénsis Conrad, known only from the west coast of Florida, and which
has been referred to Hupleura by Tryon; lastly U. perrugatus Conrad,* a
species not included in Tryon’s list, and of which the distinctive characters
have already been referred to. It is also an inhabitant of West Florida from
Cedar Keys to Key West.

Beside these shallow-water species, we have two species, described by Prof.
Verrill, from 120-938 fms., off Hatteras, U. carolinensis and U. macra Verrill.
There is some question as to the generic place of these shells, but, pending an
examination of the soft parts, they seem as properly placed here as anywhere.
The first mentioned, however, looks much like a Muricidea or short Fusus,
closely related to Fusus Pfeiffert Philippi.

Genus TYPHIS Montrort.

This genus, founded by Montfort on a fossil species, is composed of a very
compact little group of shells containing about a dozen recent and a few fossil
species. ‘These have accordingly been divided into twelve subdivisions by
Jousseaume, to each of which he has applied a name, generic or subgeneric as
the reader may prefer. It is perhaps no more than we should expect of a
raind capable of laying such a performance before the scientific world, that he
has selected invariably the most superficial and trivial specific characters upon
which to base his subdivisions, and has missed entirely the only shell character
in the whole group upon which a rational subdivision can be founded.

The authors who have monographed this genus have called attention to the
fact that the tube which is the chief characteristic is sometimes situated between
the varices and is sometimes continuous with them. A careful study of the
surface of the shell shows that the fold of the mantle around which the tube is
formed is, like the siphon, a fold, and not a continuous cylinder, although its
edges are appressed so closely that the shelly secretion forms a perfect cylinder.
It would seem that in the typical species of Typhis, as figured by Montfort, the
tubes are wholly disengaged from the varices. In the recent species of this
sort a continuous sutural line will be found to pass from the anterior side of
the tube to the aperture, in the direction of rotation. Sometimes at the point

* Fusus perrugatus Conrad, Am. Journ. Science, n. ser., II. p. 397, 1846. Collected
at the Manatee River, West Florida.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 215

where this line crosses the varix there is merely an angle, at others we find a
hook or recurved even sigmoid spine, which, however, does not retain its origi-
nally excavated character. In species of the other type, like 7. arcuatus Hinds,
T. duplicatus Sowerby, 7. japonicus A. Adams (very probably all varieties of
a single species), 7. fistulosus Brocchi, and the one about to be described, we
find that the varix commences with and at the tube, though mostly developed
beyond it, giving the completed shell the appearance of having had its tubes
bent backward. Now in the common Mediterranean 7. tetrapterus Bronn
(+ T. Sowerby: Auct.) a sinus was observed and is figured by A. Adams, though
there are no permanent processes on the mantle-edge. It is absolutely certain,
however, that at times when the shell is being secreted there must be a sinus
in the mantle-edge analogous to that in Drillia, and the subtubular projection
at the bottom of the sinus observable in many Drillias is analogous in its for-
mation to the tube of Typhis. Both are doubtless avenues of escape for effete
matter voided from the intestine. In Typhis of the typical section (like
T. tetrapterus) there must be in the portion of the mantle which secretes this
part of the shell an alternation of functions during the period of growth from
one varix to another. In the other section (which may be called Trubatsa)
there is only a resting time and a renewal of identical functions.

It is of course true, that, in taking a general survey of the genus, certain
somewhat intermediate species may be found ; but this is what we must ex-
pect everywhere when we know all the species of any genus in their numer-
ous variations. The worker who has the interest of science really at heart
will in such cases avoid undue subdivision, either specific or generic; and °
when he finds that a division is advisable, he will give, not merely a few
lines of description in more or less canine Latin, but a differential description
showing, not only the characters on which he relies, but the way in which
they differ from the characters exclusive to other groups, and to groups of less
value, such as species. If all the specific characters were eliminated from his
consideration, and he had been obliged to give differential diagnoses, it is
likely that the author of the eleven unnecessary synonyms of Typhis would
have paused, and probably thought better of it.

The length of both the tube proper and the tubular canal is greater when
it is first formed than later. It seems to be soon dissolved by the water, or
broken off. The last tube, until it is broken, is therefore always longer than
the others, Specimens from the quiet abyssal waters occasionally preserve the
tubes, or part of them, in a way to make this evident.

There is only one species of Typhis known in the recent state from the
Antillean region. <A species of Murex or Eupleura (M. cancellata Sby.) is
reported by Krebs, and has been catalogued as a Typhis by Tryon. I doubt
whether it can properly be referred to this genus. In 1849 Sowerby described
a fine species, 7’. alatus, from the Miocene Tertiary of St. Domingo (Geol.
Journal, VI. p. 48, pl. x. fig. 4), which is so much resembled by the Typhis
expansus of the junior Sowerby, a recent species described without habitat in
1874, that I cannot help suspecting that they are the same, and that the species

216 BULLETIN OF THE

still exists in a living state among the Antilles, like many of the other Tertiary
fossils. Both are very similar to the Mediterranean tetrapterus, and I have
another species of the same type from the Pliocene Caloosahatchie beds of
South Florida. It differs from the Haitian fossil in its more elongated form
and narrower varix, and from the Mediterranean species in being much more
acute anteriorly and destitute of the linguiform anterior varical expansion
found in 7’. tetrapterus. In my report on the Caloosahatchie Pliocene it is
named 7’. floridanus.

In the Thesaurus, the younger Sowerby describes this genus as trivaricose,
and also in his continuation of the Conchologia Iconica. How inaccurate this
is may be observed by any one who will examine a specimen. Whether there
are any three-varixed species I do not know, as in the specific diagnoses of
the monographs the number is not stated, but in all I have ever seen there
were four varices in each whorl.

Typhis (Trubatsa) longicornis Dat.
Plate XV. Fig. 7. Plate XXXVIII. Fig. 5.

Typhis longicornis Dall, Agassiz, Three Cruises of the Blake, II. p. 70, fig. 294, 1888.

Shell translucent white when young, waxen with areas of pale rosy brown
between the varices in the adult; varices four, ascending the spire nearly in a
straight line; tubes tapering, recurved, usually broken off short, but originally
long; nucleus subglobular, glassy, followed by seven gradually increasing
whorls, obscured by the varices, but somewhat scalar behind; surface with
extremely fine spiral striation, stronger lines of growth, and on the tips of
the tubes and canals when fresh a glassy polish; varices not fimbriated, with
rounded edges, strongly arched forward, subconcave behind; aperture small,
subcireular, margin detached from the body, elevated, not sharp; with simple
edge and smooth interior; canal long, slender, nearly straight, but bent back as
a whole, with three antecedent canals surrounding a sort of umbilical chink.
Operculum muricoid. Max. lon. of shell, 23.0; of last whorl, 19.0; of aper-
ture, 4.0; of canal before the aperture, 11.5; max. lat. of aperture, 3.0; of
shell, 10.0 mm.

Habitat. Off Havana, Sigsbee, in 127-400 fms., mud, bottom temperature
49°.5 to 55°.5 F.

This species is allied to 7. fistulosus Brocchi, T. arcuatus Hinds, and the
related forms above mentioned. It has wider varices than the former, and a
proportionally smaller aperture; J. fistulosus appears to be destitute of the fine
spiral striation, has a more distorted appearance, and does not reach so large
asize. T. longicornis is much more fusiform, attenuated, and has longer tubes
and canal than 7. arcuatus. By the distribution of the species, the forms
belonging to this section of the genus Typhis are found in all the northern
oceans, apparently one species each in the Mediterranean, North Atlantic,
Antilles, North Pacific, and China Sea.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 217

SuspraMILy PURPURIN 2.

The species of Purpura inhabiting the region under consideration are P. pa-
tula Linné, P. deltoidea Lamarck, and P. hemastoma L., varieties undata Lam.,
floridana Conrad, and trinidadensis Guppy. They are all littoral species.
There are, of the Ricinula group, Sistrum nodulosum C. B. Adams, S. ferrugi-
neum Reeve, a beautiful variety of which has the spiral nodules small, elon-
gated, and scarlet, while the rest of the surface is of a dark vernicose brown.
The columella in this form is also of a fine red color, and it seems worthy of
separation as a variety rubidum. S. roseum Reeve appears to derive its color
from a crimson hydrozoén so common on West Indian shells. I should not
refer it, if H. Cuming’s identification be correct, to Engina, as Tryon does,
though from the shell alone it is impossible to be certain. None of these
forms were collected by the Blake.

SuBraMIty CORALLIOPHILINA.

Genus CORALLIOPHILA H. & A. Apams.

Coralliophila H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., I. p. 155, 1853.

Pseudomurex Monterosato, Conch. Medit., p. 48, 1872 (name only); type, Murex
laceratus Deshayes.

? Latiaxis Swainson, Man., p. 206, 1840. (ZL. Mawee Gray.)

This genus should probably be called Latiazxis, as the type of Swainson is
with little doubt only a specimen abnormally loosely coiled. It was regarded
as abnormal by Gray, who described it. But I have not examined a specimen
of Latiaxis Mawee, and hence refrain from taking a step with regard to which
there is still some doubt, though fortified by the opinion of Sowerby, Deshayes,
Jeffreys, and Tryon.

The name of Coralliophila was illustrated by a large number of examples by
the brothers Adams, but they selected no type.

However, as the C. madreporarum of Sowerby was not included in this list,
and differs somewhat from the genuine typical species, it should not be taken
as an example of the genus, as has been done by some excellent authorities.
From this error probably has arisen the complication that the true Corallio-
phila has been renamed Pseudomurex, while a form which probably does not
differ from Rhizocheilus except in living upon corals with large stems instead
of gorgonians with small stems has been, in the latest manuals, cited as an
example of Coralliophora. A good many species which have no natural rela-
tion to Coralliophila have been included with it in the monographs. This has
added to the confusion.

There can be no doubt whatever, in the mind of any one who has examined
a proper series of specimens with unprejudiced judgment, of the specific iden- .
tity of certain typical Pseudomurices with certain typical Coralliophile.' The

218 BULLETIN OF THE

operculum is identical, the shell characters shade indefinitely into one another
from one specimen to another, the soft parts differ in nothing, the texture,
character, color, and habitat of the shells are the same.

In considering such animals as are given to parasitism or commensalism, it
is a truism that we must expect great variations of parts which in non-parasitic
species would be of high systematic importance, and, secondly, great variation
as between individual specimens of the species. Furthermore, if we have
certain individuals of the species which take on a parasitic habit, and others
which, whether voluntarily or perforce, do not, we shall find the nearest
approach to the perfect norm of the species in the non-parasitic specimens,

Now, it is the writer’s opinion that such forms as have been figured and
described as Latiazis eleguns, cariniferus, and Deburghie in Sowerby’s 'Thesau-
rus are merely the most perfect and luxuriant development of a species which,
in its parasitic individuals, presents us with forms superficially very different,
stunted, modified, or deteriorated. The operculum of Coralliophila galea of
authors is precisely that of Latiaxis Deburghie, and of Rhizocheilus madrepora-
rum of Sowerby. The loss of the operculum and other modifications exhibited
by the type species of Rhizocheilus are exactly what we might expect in a
species in which degeneration and specialization have proceeded very far from
long continued parasitism. Still, I should expect to find an operculum in the
free young of R. antipathicus. The form of the Antipathes upon which it
lives is so slender that the shell must submit to greater changes in form than
a species like Coralliophila madreporarum, which habitually rests upon a broad
pillar of coral, or like Coralliophila bracteata (Brocchi) Tryon, which rarely does
so, but is generally found free. Owing to these modifications, we may retain
Steenstrup’s name in a sectional sense, as it cannot (though of earlier date)
be fairly applied to typical Coralliophila. In so variable a group, it goes with-
out saying that the specific determinations are very difficult to make with
confidence, and are here made with all reserves.

Coralliophila Deburghiz Reeve.
Plate XVI. Fig. 5.

Latiaxis Deburghie Reeve, P. Z. S. 1857, pl. xxxviii. figs. 3,6; Sby., Thes. Conch.
Latiaxis, No. 2, fig. 5, 1882.

Habitat. Sigsbee, off Havana, in 80-119 fms.; Barbados, 100 fms.; Stations
164 and 166, off Guadelupe, in 150 fms., hard bottom, temperature 59°.75;
Station 134, off Santa Cruz, in 248 fms., sand, bottom temperature 54°.5; Sta-
tion 174, off Guadelupe (living), in 878 fms., bottom temperature 39°.75;
Station 262, off Grenada, in 92 fms., sand, bottom temperature 62°; Station
292, off Barbados, in 56 fms., sand, bottom temperature 74°.5 F. Northward
to Hatteras, U. S. Fish Commission.

The extraordinary range in depth and temperature which this animal sustains
will be remarked. The largest and most foliaceous specimens are from the

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 219

greatest depth. The specimen figured (max. lon, 20.0 mm.) is young, and has
the expansions of the periphery much turned up. The older ones, which reach
a length twice as great, or more, have the flat spines nearly horizontal. There
may be ten or twelve of them on the last whorl, After careful comparisons, I
conclude that, though it passes through a series of variations parallel to those
of C. bracteata, it is sufficiently distinct from it to be easily recognized as differ-
ent, when in good condition. It has the typical or spiny form, with flat ex-
pansions; another (var. spinosa) in which the spines are thorn-like and slender;
a form (var. fusiformis) in which there are no spines, yet there are no trans-*
verse ribs; and finally a form (var. Lintoni Verrill) in which numerous rounded
transverse ribs of greater or less strength appear under the limose spiral ridges,
The last was very naturally described as a Trophon. There may be between
the above-mentioned varieties almost any graduation or interchange of charac-
ters, but usually the vigor which in one case expends itself in the formation of
flat spines, in their absence is more or less devoted to the formation of trans-
verse ribs.

Coralliophila bracteata Broccut.

C. bracteata Tryon, Man., II. p. 210, pl. Ixvi. figs. 378-880, 384, 386, 1880.

A specimen which seems to belong to this species as existing in the Jeffreys
collection, and to be distinct from the preceding, was collected by the U.S.
Fish Commission, in 17 fms., near Cape Fear, North Carolina; another at Key
West, in 45 fms. The first belonged to the variety C. lamellosa Jan, the
second to the variety C. lacerata Deshayes. The former was adult, the latter
quite young.

Coralliophila galea Cuemnirz.

Coralliophila galea Tryon, Man., p. 207, pl. Ixv. figs. 862, 868, 864, 1880.
C. abbreviata Lam., fide Tryon.

Lamarck’s name should probably take precedence, but I have not had time
to devote to the synonymy.

This species has a nearly world-wide distribution in the tropics, and in our
region extends throughout the Antilles and northward along the coast from
Florida to Cape Hatteras. It is generally white, but specimens with a purple
mouth are not rare in the Windward Islands. The young are known under
many names, and generally are sharply keeled at the shoulder and shortly
acutely conical at both ends, having a very different aspect from the rounded
adults. The Fish Commission has dredged this species in 15-100 fms., living
among coral. The shore specimens are carried there by Paguri; I do not know
of a single specimen ever collected above low-water mark in a living state.

220 BULLETIN OF THE

Coralliophila lactuca Dat.
Plate XVI. Fig. 6.

Shell white or grayish, short conic above, widely fasciolated at the anteriorly
pointed base. Nucleus small, white, smooth; whorls eight, rather inflated,
transverse sculpture of fine lines of growth, and nine or ten thin sharp-edged
varices crisped by the spiral sculpture; the surface is generally shelly like that
of Boreotrophon, but if the shell be absolutely perfect there is an external finely

-shagreened thin calcareous layer of an opaque creamy white, which is almost
always eroded except in protected spots; spiral sculpture of six or more strong
revolving primary ridges; other secondary ones to an irregular extent are found
between the primaries; the posterior primary spiral forms a sort of shoulder
to the whorl; suture undulating with the sculpture, obscure; base subconic,
the young with a small, the adult with a large umbilical funnel, bounded by
the prominent siphonal fasciole; aperture within white, smooth, rounded and
continuous behind, acute in front, the anterior end being more like an angular
gutter than a canal; margins irregular, corresponding probably with the asperi-
ties of its station on some coral. Max. lon. of shell, 21.0; of last whorl, 16.3;
of aperture, 13.0; max. lat. of shell, 14.6 mm. The figured specimen is young,
and measures 11.0 mm. in length.

Habitat. Station 5, Gulf of Mexico, off the shore of Cuba, in 152-229 fms.,
coral ooze, bottom temperature 49°.5; off Fernandina, Florida, at U.S. Fish
Commission Station 2669, in 352 fms., sand, bottom temperature 43°.7 F.

This species differs by its surface from any of the previously mentioned
species, or any others of the genus which I have examined. Its sculpture is
more like that of the young Magilus than that of the other species. The fig-
ured specimen shows best the fresh sculpture and form of the young; an adult
afterward received from the Fish Commission enables me to describe the
mature shell. The soft parts were not obtained, but the specimens were per-
fectly fresh, and probably lived at the depth from which they were obtained.

I may add, on the authority of H. Cuming, that Rhizocheilus madreporarum
Sby. is found in the West Indies.

Super-Family TASNIOGLOSSA.
Famity 'TRITONIIDZ.

Genus DISTORTRIX Linx.

Distortric Link, Beschr. Rostock Samml., p. 122, May, 1807.

Persona Montfort, Conchyl., II. p. 603, 1810; type, P. anus L.

Distorta Perry, Conchology, pl. x., and expl. fig. 1, 2, 1811.

Distorsio Bolten, Cat. Con., p. 183, 1798, pro parte; ed. 1819, p. 94. (No descrip-
tions or figures.)

This genus was first eliminated from all the other Linnean Murices by Link.
Bolten’s Distorsio was a pure catalogue name. and the species cited under it

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. yy A

comprised Nassas, a Tritonium, etc., neither the genus nor the species being
described or figured.

Link gives a proper diagnosis for the group, and cites, with references to fig-
ures, the two species, and only the two species, of which it is composed, even
at the present day.

Distortrix reticulata Linx.

Cassis vera, Distorsio reticulata, alba. Martini, II. p. 85, figs. 405, 406, 1771.

Buccinum reticulatum Humphrey, Mus. Calonnianum, p. 34, No. 620, 1797.

Murex anus L., Gmelin, Auctorum, pro parte.

Distorsio reticulata Bolten, op. cit., p. 183, No. 1674. No description or figure. Ed.
ii. p. 94, No. 1689, 1819.

Distorsio clatrata Bolten, op. cit., No. 1675.

Distorta acuta Perry, Conch. Expl., pl. x. fig. 1, 1811.

Distortrizx reticulata Link, op. cit., p. 123, 1807.

Murex mulus Dillwyn, Cat. Sh., II. p. 704, No. 45, 1817.

Triton clathratum Lamarck, Enc. Meth., t. 413, fig. 4; An. s. Vert., IX. p. 186, 1822 ;
ed. Deshayes, IX. p. 637, 1843.

Triton cancellinus Deshayes (non Roissy) in Lam., IX. p. 637, note, 1848; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Triton, pl. xii. fig. 45, 1844.

Distorsio cancellinus Tryon, Man., p. 35, III., 1881.

> Distorsio clathrata (Lam.) Morch, Malak. Blatt., XXIV. p. 34.

<Distorsio acuta Perry (var.) occidentalis Morch, op. cit., 1877.

The name of this species has suffered from a slip of the memory by Deshayes,
who stated in the note on p. 637, above referred to, that Roissy had named
this species cancellinus. A glance at Roissy’s work (Sonnini, Suites de Buf-
fon, Hist. Nat. Moll., VI. p. 56, 1805) will show that this isan error. He de-
scribes his Murex cancellinus, and then goes on to say that it is “found fossil at
Grignon,” and that “according to M. Lamarck this Murex is the very remark-
able analogue of the grimace blanche (our present species) which has been re-
garded as forming a variety of the Murex anus of Linnzeus, but which forms a
very distinct species, now living in the Southern Ocean.” He gives a reference
to Lamarck’s figure of the Grignon fossil, and also a reference to Martini’s
figure of the recent shell, but, as the citation shows, did not confound them or
name the latter. Reeve and others have followed this note of M. Deshayes,
without referring to Roissy, and so this error has been perpetuated for nearly
half a century !

Link merely followed Humphreys and Bolten in adopting the specific
name of reticulata, suggested by Martini’s phrase many years before. As
both appropriate and ancient, it seems to have preponderating claims to
be adopted.

The Cassis or Cassida penita of Meuschen in the Museum Gerversia-
nium, which I have not been able to consult, is probably the oldest bino-

yA: BULLETIN OF THE

mial * name for this species, if it really belongs to it. The doubtful citations
of different authors would indicate, however, that Meuschen’s name is not dis-
tinctive, and that he, like others before and since, confounded the two species
of Distortrix with each other.

The specimens of Distortria which I have seen from the West Indies, etc.,
when young, are clearly divisible into two series. The first form or variety,
clathrata, is wider in the last whorl, more distorted, more pointed at the spire,
with fewer transverse riblets, a decidedly longer and more oblique canal, and
generally some brown or orange on the callus, which is more developed at the
varical periods,

The second form, which may be named variety reticulata, is evenly can-
cellated, more regular in its shape, with a larger mouth, a smaller and always
white callus, a shorter and straighter canal, and a more densely hispid epider-
mis. JI have seen no adults that I could positively refer to this variety.
Morch separates two forms, but without explanation, and his synonymy does
not bear him out. Still, it is possible that the forms he had in view were
those I have discriminated,

The variety reticulata was dredged by the Blake at Station 157, in 120 fms.,
off Montserrat; Station 164, in 150 fms., hard bottom, near Guadelupe ; Sta-
tion 177, in 118 fms., sand, off Dominica; Station 262, in 92 fms., sand, off
Grenada; and Station 282, in 154 fms., sand, near Barbados; bottom tempera-
tures ranging from 56° to 65° F.

The variety clathrata seems to be more common, and was found at Station
164, above mentioned; at Station 247, in 170 fms., ooze, off Grenada; at Sta-
tions 273 and 300, near Barbados, in from 82 to 103 fms.; and by the U.S.
Fish Commission at many stations off Hatteras, in 22 to 124 fms., in the Gulf
of Mexico about Key West, and elsewhere, in water varying from 52° to 80° F.
It has also been found and sent to the Museum from Tortola.

The nucleus is low and trochiform compared with that of many related
forms. It is smooth and of rather horny consistency, and comprises about
three turns. It might readily be taken for a little Vitrinella or Adeorbis, if
detached.

Genus GYRINEUM Linx.

Rana Humphrey, Cat. Calonn., p. 33, 1797, not of Linné. (No description or figure.)
No type mentioned.

Bursa Bolten, Mus. Bolt., p. 128, 1798. (No description or figure.) Ed. ii. p. 91,
1819. No type mentioned.

Gyrineum Link, Beschr. Rostock Samml., p. 128, 1807. First species, Murer rana
Linné (spinosa Reeve).

* Since this was written I have seen a copy of the Museum Gerversianum at
the British Museum, and to my astonishment find that it has no claims to be con-
sidered binomial, though it has often been cited for specific names.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 223

Buffo Montfort, Conchyl., II. p. 575, 1810. (? Err. pro Bufo? Non Bufo Daud.)
Type, Ranella crumena Lam. ?

Biplex Perry, Conch., Expl. pls. iv. and v., 1811. First species, Biplex rosa Perry
(= Ranella siphonata Reeve).

Ranella Lamarck, Extrait d’un Cours, etc., 1812. Type, Murex gyrinus L.

Rejecting the nomina nuda of Humphrey and Bolten, as required by the
rules of nomenclature, the first name applied to this group was that of Link,
who gave a proper diagnosis, and included in his genus only species of Ranella,
as they have been more commonly called. Buffo Montfort, Biplex Perry, and
Ranella Lamarck, were subsequent, and synonymous. Perry’s ill-constructed
name has been retained in a sectional sense for the singular B. perca, which he
included in his genus and was the first to describe. According to the rules of
nomenclature, Lamarck’s name must be entirely suppressed if the genus be
regarded in the old sense. The species cited by him in his Extrait d’un Cours
(p. 118, 1812) is, according to Gray, Murex gyrinus Linné. But the older
authors confounded under this name half a dozen entirely distinct shells, and
it is impossible to know which of them he had in view. If the Ranellas with-
out a sutural canal be transferred, as has been done by Dr. Paul Fischer, to
Tritonium as a subgenus, the Ranella of Lamarck would simply be a synonym
of it. For this subgenus, in violation of all rules, Argobuccinum Klein has
been widely adopted, though Apollon Montfort, recognized by Cuvier, will
probably have to be accepted. It must be borne in mind, that Montfort’s
synonymy is not to be accepted without strict confirmation and comparison
with his figures. His identification with Linnean names of the shells he figures
is frequently wrong. What is certain is, that in 1810 he divided these shells
- (afterward combined under the name of Ranella by Lamarck) into two genera,
Buffo comprising those with a sutural canal, and Apollon those without it.
This amounted to a division of Gyrineum Link into two groups. But the
name Gyrineum must be retained for one of these, as prior. Buffo is probably
only a lapsus for Bufo, already in use for Batrachians at that date, so that, two
groups being admitted, they would necessarily be Gyrineum and Apollon, both
of which have numerous subsequent synonyms, including Ranella Lamarck,
Biplex Perry, Bufonaria Schumacher, ete.

We are so destitute of exact information as to the soft parts, dentition, ete.
of these animals, that it is not possible at present to arrive at a permanent
settlement of the recognizable subdivisions.

I cannot help feeling that the wholesale transfer of the Apollon group to
Tritonium is hardly justified as yet. There are, doubtless, some species which
should be so eliminated; others will be associated with the Muricide, but the
absolute identity in the opercula of numerous canaliferous and non-canaliferous
species, the close similarity of sculpture, habit, and conchological characters,
except the sutural canal, between various species of Apollon and Gyrineum,
and the very slight difference which exists between a shallow sutural canal
and the ordinary groove between the outer lip and the labial tubercle on the

224 BULLETIN OF THE

body whorl, as exemplified in various gradations by the several species, — all
these reasons call for more thorough determination of all the facts to be con-
sidered for each species, before the transfer is fully adopted.

Tryon states, in his monograph of Panella, that Apollon gyrinus Montfort is
Ranella gigantea Linné, which is, of course, entirely inaccurate, as a glance at
Montfort’s figure is sufficient to prove.

The number of species actually inhabiting the Antillean region is disputed,
and I have not the material to determine it. The sculpture and size are ex-
tremely variable.

Gyrineum affine Broperir var. cubanianum Orpieny.

Ranella affinis Broderip, P. Z. 8. 1882, p. 179.

Habitat. Off Havana, Sigsbee, in 80-100 fms. (dead shells of the very
young). Cuba, Arango, Orbigny. Arrowsmith Bank, Yucatan, and off Key
West in 50 fms., coral, U. S. Fish Commission.

All the shells I have seen from the Antilles under the names of Ranella
cubaniana Orb., ponderosa Reeve, thome Orb., crassa Desh., granulata Lam.,
granifera Lam., Grayana Dkr., livida Reeve, and rhodostoma Beck, have been
referable to varieties, more or less pronounced, of Gyrineum affine, and are en-
tirely indistinguishable from similar varieties brought from the Indo-Pacific
region. I would not be understood as asserting that but one species is found
in the West Indies, but, so far, I have seen no conchological evidence for more
than one.

The larval shell of this species is extremely pretty, and worthy of description,
since it is usually lost or eroded at an early period. It consists of a narrowly
umbilicated naticoid shell of three and a half whorls. The nucleus is very
small, smooth, and formed of half a whorl abruptly differentiated from the
next stage, which has three spiral keels with the interstices beautifully decus-
sated by elevated sharp oblique transverse lines. The keels gradually fade
out, and the last whorl and a half are polished, with traces of the transverse
sculpture. The whole is of a fine warm brown color, lighter toward the apex.

The numerous whorls and the indications of a regular growth in this larval
shell, continued for the greater part of its coil, show that the larval period is
prolonged. The well known ability of the floating larve to sustain themselves,
like Pteropods, near the surface, and the length of time during which this may
continue, afford a sufficient explanation of the world-wide distribution, in warm
latitudes, of the species of this family. The young may easily be taken for
adult shells, and the genus Brugnonia of Jeffreys, among others, has been
referred to the larva of a mollusk of this sort.

The Ranella anceps, hastula, and their allies, do not belong in this genus.

March 18, 1889.

—

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 225

Genus TRITONIUM Linx.

Tritoniwum Bolten, Mus. Bolt., p. 125, 1798; ed. ii. p. 88, 1819. (No descr.)

Tritonium Link, Beschr. Rostock Samml., p. 121, May, 1807. First species, Murex
tritonis Linné.

Tritonium Cuvier, Régne Anim., II. p. 440, 1817. First species, Murex tritonis Linné.

Triton Montfort, Conchyl., IL p. 487, 1810; not of Linné, 1768 (Crust.), nor of
Laurenti, 1768 (Batrachia).

Not Zritonium O. F. Miiller, Prodr. Zool. Dan., p. 248, 1776.

The genus Tritonium of O. F. Miller was not a separation of incongrnous
material from a heterogeneous assembly and its discrimination apart, but the
compounding out of genera already existing of a new heterogeneous combina-
tion about equivalent to the Pectinibranchiata as now understood. It fell
deservedly, and the name was left unemployed. Though the second use of such
names is not to be commended, and is by common consent at present aban-
doned, it would create immense confusion and difficulty if one were to apply
such an ex post facto law impartially to the older writers. There is no good
reason why we should not adopt the name proposed by Bolten, given a scien-
tific standing by Link, and adopted by Cuvier.

The original group has been considerably divided; in fact, Bolten, Mont-
fort, and others began the work of division. The whole matter is worth an
exhaustive discussion for which the present paper does not afford the most
appropriate opportunity.

Tritonium tritonis L. var. nobilis Conrad is found in this region, but was
not collected by the Blake.

Subgenus COLUBRARIA ScHumacHer.

Colubraria Schum., Essai, p. 251, 1817. Fischer, Man., p. 654. Type, Tritonium
maculosum Gmel.

Epidromus Morch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 107, 1852.

Cumia Bivona-Bernardi, Nuovo Gen., 1838. Type, Tritonium lanceolatum Menke.

Colubraria lanceolata Menkxe.

Ranella lanceolata Menke, Synopsis, ed. i., p. 87, 1828 (excl. syn.). Morch, Malak.
Blatt., XXIV. p. 25, 1877.

Habitat. Off Sombrero, in 54 fms. Station 2596, of the U. S. Fish Com-
mission, 17 miles E. 8. E. from Cape Hatteras, N. C., in 49 fms., sand, bottom
temperature 75°.0 F. Bahamas, Rawson; Antilles, Mérch; Vera Cruz, Mexico,
Strebel.

VOL. XVIII. 15

226 BULLETIN OF THE

Colubraria Swiftii Tryon.
Triton (Epidromus) Swiftii Tryon, Man., III. p. 81, pl. xvi. fig. 168, 1881.

Habitat. Station 272, in 76 fms., Barbados; also in 100 fms., off Barbados
(fragment). Antigua, Swift; Samana Bay, Santo Domingo, Couthouy; Ba-
hamas, Rawson; Bermuda, Goode.

There are also known from this region Colubraria testacea Morch (obscurus
Tryon pars); and C. reticulatus Blainville. Specimens of C. eximius Reeve,
a Pacific species, have been distributed under the name of Triton parvus ©. B.
Adams, which is a Phos, so that Tryon has been led into the error of regarding
Adams’s species as a synonym of Reeve’s, and assigning the latter to the West
Indies, a habitat as yet not confirmed. It is not unlikely that Triton lineolatus
Conrad (Phila. Proc., 1846, p. 26, pl. i. fig. 18) may have been a young speci-
men of 7’. parvus, but Conrad’s figure and description are alike totally in-
sufficient and unrecognizable, the type being lost, and the species should be
dropped from the lists.

Subgenus RANULARIA ScuumacHer.

Of this group T. cynocephalus Lamarck and T. olearium L., the latter reach-
ing nearly to Hatteras, are known from the region, together with the following
species.

Ranularia tuberosa Lamarck.

Triton tuberosum Lam., An. s. Vert., VII. p. 185, 1822.

Triton antillarum Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, I. p. 161, pl. xxiii. fig. 20, 1847.
2 Triton pyriformis Conrad, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., 1849.
Triton nodulus Morch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 109, 1854.

Habitat. Florida, at Key West and Tortugas, Hemphill. Bermuda, Goode.
Antilles, Orbigny. Vera Cruz, Strebel.

This, like several others, is found in the East Indies, and in spite of the efforts
of various naturalists to separate it, I am quite in harmony with Mr. Tryon in
his consolidation of the various synonyms. The several varieties are not geo-
graphically limited, and therefore cannot be regarded as anything more than
varieties.

Subgenus LAMPUSIA Scuumacuer.

Lampusia chlorostoma Lamarck.

Triton chlorostomum Lam., An. s. Vert., VII: p. 185, 1822.
Triton pulchellus C. B. Adams, Centr. Conch., p. 60, 1850 (testa jun.).

Habitat. Off Sombrero, in 54 fms.; Station 142, Flannegan Passage, in 27
fms.; Stations 272 and 287, in 50-76 fms., Barbados. (Mostly young speci-
mens.) Bermuda, Goode. Antilles and Mexican coast generally, Morch.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 227

Lampusia pileare Lamarck.

Triton pileare Lamarck, An, s. Vert., VIL. p. 182, 1822 (syn. excl.).

Murex costatus Born, fide Morch, Malak. Blitt., XXIV. p. 28, 1877.

Triton americanum Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, IL. p. 163, pl. xxiii. fig. 22, 1846.

Triton brasilianum Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., III. p. 142, 1849.

Triton Martinianum Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, II. p. 162, 1847.

Triton Velie. Calkins, Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci., II. p. 235, pl. viii. figs. 1, 2, 1878

(ex typ.).

Habitat. Florida, Velie, Calkins. Antilles, Mexican coast, Bahamas, vari-
ous collectors, Bermuda, Goode.

The Murex pileare of Linné was insufficiently described, and illustrated by
erroneous references, as shown by Hanley. Consequently the name should
stand as of Lamarck. Born’s name is involved in doubt. The later synonyms
are not doubtful. It is a very variable species, and suffers from wear on the
beaches so as materially to change its appearance. Hence the numerous re-
descriptions under new names.

Lampusia gracile RreEve.

Plate XXIX. Fig. 2.
Triton gracile Reeve, Conch. Icon. Triton, fig. 58, 1845.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Cape Catoche, Yucatan, in 24 fms., U.S. Fish
Commission. Aspinwall, Dall. St. Thomas, Riis.

I cannot agree with Mr. Tryon in referring this rather rare and elegant form
to T. vespaceus Lamarck as a synonym.

Lampusia? pharcida Datt.
Plate XXXVI. Fig. 2.

Shell yellowish white touched or tinted with brown, aperture pure white;
spire roughly three-sided, with four whorls and a four-whorled subcylindrical
nucleus; nucleus smooth with rounded subequal whorls and a rather blunt
apex; spiral sculpture of eight to ten subequal flattened riblets, with wider
channelled interspaces and a larger thread on the periphery, five or six moderate
threads on the canal, and occasional intercalary finer threads; four of the rib-
lets are above the periphery; transverse sculpture of faint lines of growth, and
stronger impressed lines which indent the spirals and give their own interspaces
the effect of obscure ribs; beside these there are about three lumpy elevations
between each pair of varices, the middle one largest; and every two thirds of a
whorl a prominent rather flattened rounded varix, sculptured by the spirals
and incremental lines, only moderately concave behind; aperture relatively
small, ovate, lirate, and thickened all round; the outer lip with about six lire,

228 BULLETIN OF THE

the largest posterior; suture deep, distinct; canal broad and hardly recurved,
rather short; operculum? Epidermis polished, close fitting, and not hispid.
Max. lon. of shell, 23.6; of nucleus, 2.7; of last whorl, 15.5; of aperture, 7.0;
max. lat. of shell, 11.5; of aperture, 3.8 mm.

Habitat. Station 293, in 82 fms., sand, Barbados, bottom temperature
64°.5 F.

A shell with somewhat the general form of T. gemmatum Reeve, and a mouth
and terminal varix recalling that of 7. Lebbeckit Lischke. It is less broad
and short than the latter, and not nearly related to the former. Iam unable to
find in ‘Tryon or elsewhere any closely related species described, and so am
obliged to treat it as new.

Of other species of Tritoniide, 7. labiosus Wood (+ Loroisii Petit) extends
its range to within a few miles of Cape Hatteras. T. vespaceus Lam. and
T. rubecula L. are more or less positively reported from the Antilles, while
T. (Lotorium) femorale L. is found in Florida and southward. The presence
of several other species is surmised.

Famity OOCORITIDZ.

Genus OOCORYS Fiscuer.

Oécorys Fischer, Journ. de Conchyl., XXXI. p. 892, Oct., 1885.
Benthodolium Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 177, May, 1884.

2 Section OOCORYS s.s.

Columella simple, twisted, shell imperforate.

Odcorys sulcata FiscHer.

O. sulcata Fischer, Journ. de Conchyl., XX XI. p. 392, Oct., 1883 ; Watson, Chall. Rep.
Gast., p. 412, pl. xvii. figs. 11 a-c; Fischer, Man., p. 769, fig. 586, 1884.

Habitat. Station 173, off Guadelupe, in 734 fms., ooze, bottom temperature
40°.0; Station 227, off St. Vincent, in 573 fms., sand, bottom temperature
40°.5; Station 268, off Grenada, in 955 fms. ooze, bottom temperature 39°.5 F.
Atlantic Ocean at great depths, Fischer, and Challenger Expedition.

In this singular mollusk we have another instance of the comparatively
limited value of the form of the operculum, or even its presence. Tritoniwm,
Cassis, Dolium, Odcorys, are all nearly related, yet the operculum is absent in
one group and in the others assumes most varied forms. By its dentition, its
nucleus, and its thickened reflected lip and body callus, as well as its (occa-
sional ?) repetition of the varices, it approaches Cass’s more nearly than Doliwm,
and perhaps such species as Tritoniwm (Linatella) Poulsenit Morch, of which
the operculum is unknown, more nearly than either.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 229

In one of the Blake specimens there are two distinct varices about a quarter
of a whorl apart. The lip and body are pretty well thickened, and the faint
reflection of the outer sculpture in the callus within the outer lip is perceptible.
There is a presutural band caused by the failure of one or two spiral ridges in
that region, leaving a flattish space. There is no umbilicus nor fasciole in any
sense. The nucleus is very minute, and does not differ in texture from the
succeeding whorls. Our shells agree well with Fischer’s figure and that given
by Watson, but are evidently older and have a more prominent reflected lip and
callous surface around the mouth. They have six whorls, and are 37-38.5 mm.
long, and 28.0 wide, of which 31.5 to 32.5 mm. are comprised in the length of
the last whorl. None retained the soft parts, but larger specimens were ob-
tained of this or the next form by Prof. Verrill.

I have not seen the Anura Craveni referred to in this connection by Fischer,
but the name Anura has long been in use in another sense among Vertebrata
and cannot be properly used at all in the nomenclature of Mollusks. I doubt
very much if the genus Anura has any relation to the present form.

2 Section BENTHODOLIUM.

Columella with a groove behind it, forming, with the callus, a narrow but
deep and pervious umbilicus, and distinct siphonal fasciole.

Odcorys abyssorum (V. & S.?) Datu.

Benthodolium abyssorum Verrill & Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 177 (pro parte ?
excl. figures), 1884.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2400, in 169 fms., mud, in the
northern part of the Gulf of Mexico; and 2676, 2677, and 2678, in 407-731 fms.,
mud and ooze, off the Carolina coast, bottom temperature 38° to 46° F.

This shell is amazingly like O. sulcata, except that the spire tends to be a
little more elevated, the callus of the lips and the shell in general seem heavier,
and behind the columella is a well-marked groove about a millimeter wide
bounded externally by a siphonal fasciole, very distinct in the young and
partly obscured by callus upon it in the adult. The umbilicus is about the
size of the “lead” of a pencil, a bristle will penetrate nearly to the apex of
the shell. It is possible that the callus on the columella may in some ex-
tremely old specimens extend over and close this umbilicus, but in O. sulcata
there is absolutely nothing of the kind in old or young. I can hardly conceive
that a single species can vary to the extent of having such differences as sepa-
rate this from the latter. Although in his description of Benthodoliwm Prof.
Verrill says, “not umbilicated,” yet in his specific description, speaking of the
callus on the columella, he says, “turning outward so as to nearly conceal a
narrow umbilical chink.” This leads me to think that both species may have
been represented in his material, and while he figured one he described the

230 BULLETIN OF THE

other, At all events, it can do no harm to retain the name in the manner I
have done until more extensive material can be studied, and in this way pre-
vent the distinction from being lost sight of.

One young specimen measures 39 by 25.5 mm., but the outer lip is not perfect.
An adult measures 37.5 by 27.0 mm., the last whorl being 30.0 mm. long. The
soft parts were lost from all the specimens. The nucleus was as in 0. sulcata,
and there were six whorls. In all respects not noted, the shell was extremely
like O. sulcata. The outer lip was obscurely lirate, or rippled, within.

I am uncertain whether the following group should be referred to this
family, or to the vicinity of Liomesus.

DALIUM n. g.

Shell solid, spirally sculptured, short-fusiform, with an unexpanded aperture,
outer lip thickened, simple; body whorl smooth with a well marked smooth
callus; nucleus not differentiated; pillar twisted, simple, shorter than the
aperture; canal short, obliquely truncate, nearly straight, not deeply notched.

This shell recalls Doliwm or Sconsia in its sculpture and texture, but is
heavy and solid, has a much more produced spire, and a different outer lip and
columella; it is perhaps most like Lagena, but without plaits on the pillar, lire,
or teeth on the outer lip; its relations are probably in this direction, or with
Liomesus. It bears some resemblance to Liomesus, especially to such forms as
L. canaliculatus Dall, but the unexpanded aperture, the marginated suture,
the facies of the shell, and its habitat are rather against this allocation. In the
absence of the soft parts and operculum its systematic position cannot be
determined. The type is

Dalium solidum n. s.

Plate XIX. Fig. 10 d.

Shell heavy, solid, porcellanous, six-whorled, with a rather obtusely pointed
spire; suture inconspicuous, marginated by the sculpture, slightly channelled;
nucleus minute, smooth; shell sculpture consisting, first, of transverse ruge,
due almost wholly to irregularities of growth and evanescent or absent on the
nucleus; secondly, of spiral ridges with channelled interspaces, of which four
narrow ridges with about equal interspaces are found immediately in front of
the sutural margin; these are separated from a single narrow thread in front of
them by a broad shallow channel about equal in width to two of the preceding
narrow ridges and their attendant interspaces; before these again lie (on the
last whorl) about twenty-five broad flat-topped ridges separated by channels
of less than half their width, the whole very uniform, though as usual a little
coarser near and on the pillar; aperture rather small, attenuated anteriorly,
pointed behind, with a short, wide, nearly straight canal in front; outer lip

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 231

slightly thickened inside, smooth, simple except for vague indications of the
external sculpture in the less mature state; body with a smooth evenly spread
callus extending considerably in advance of the aperture and over the inner
half of the pillar; the latter perfectly smooth, evenly twisted (the siphonal
fasciole distinct, not prominent), with the anterior end obliquely truncate or
falling away roundly into the short canal. The nucleus is filled in the speci-
mens examined with a solid mass of shelly matter, the epidermis, if any, is
extremely thin, and there seems to be a tendency to erosion of the thin outer
more calcareous layer, asin Buccinum. Lon. of shell, 41.25; of aperture, 25.00;
max. lat. of shell, 23.00; of aperture, 10.00 mm.

Habitat. Off Grenada, Station 265, in 576 fms., bottom temperature 39°.7 F.
Bottom of gray ooze.

The specimens of this singular shell were fresh, but without the soft parts.
The ante-sutural band at first sight suggests a pleurotomoid notch, but a careful
inspection shows that there are no grounds for this suspicion, as the lines of
growth cross the band without the slightest sinuosity.

The habit of the shell is very different from that of Odcorys, which in outline
and spiral sculpture somewhat resembles Daliwm, and the present species can
best be compared to a compact, solid, simple Sconsia (Gray), with a plain
unsculptured columella, unreflexed lip, and elevated spire without varices,

Famity CASSIDIDZ.
Genus CASSIS Lamarck.

Without going into the synonymy of those shells ordinarily referred to this
genus, C. cameo Stimpson and tuberosa Linné reach the southern coast of the
United States, and perhaps as far north as Beaufort, N.C.; C. flammea L.
reaches the Florida Keys; C. testiculus L., and C. inflata Shaw (with many
synonyms) and its very distinct-looking smooth variety, are found on the
Florida coast; the variety and both the typical forms go northward to within
a few miles of Hatteras, in 15-125 fms. The young of C. inflata, which is a
remarkably pretty little shell, was dredged by the Blake in 54 fms., near Som-
brero, W. I. Lastly, Galeodea Coronadoi Crosse, of which a single specimen
has hitherto been known, from Matanzas, Cuba, has been dredged by the U.S.
Fish Commission at Station 2603, in 124 fms., sand and gravel, forty miles
from Cape Fear, N. C. Oniscia, or, more properly, Lambidiwm oniscus L.,
has not yet turned up from north of the West Indies. L. strombiformis Reeve
I have never seen, but the beautiful Oniscidia Dennisoni of Reeve was dredged
in 130 fms., coral, on the Arrowsmith Bank, Yucatan, by the U. 8S. Fish
Commission.

I am quite convinced that some startling modifications of nomenclature and
ideas respecting what constitutes a species of Cassis will follow a study of a
sufficient number of specimens of the three larger species above mentioned.

233 BULLETIN OF THE

Finally, what appears to be an undoubted specimen of Sconsia striata La-
marck has been dredged by the U.S. Fish Commission at Station 2646, in
85 fms., sand, off Cape Florida. I have exactly the same shell from the East
Indies, where it was collected by the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, and it is
very doubtful if there is more than one species yet known, those which have
been named seeming to differ but varietally. Like other shells of this family,
the adults differ very widely in their size at maturity, having a range in this
respect fully equal to that of the various species of Cyprea.

Famity DOLIIDZ.

It is probable that this should form only a subfamily under Cassidide, but
it is better to await fuller knowledge of all the forms before taking decisive
action,

Genus DOLIUM Lamarck.

Dolium galea Li. and D. perdix L. extend their range northward to Florida,
and the former has even been reported from Beaufort, N.C. It has several
synonyms, especially D. antillarum Morch, which does not differ from the type.
D. perdix is widely known under the names of pennatum Martini and plumatum
Green, while its greenish yellow horny larval shell was described as Helix
sulfurea by Prof. C. B. Adams.

Subgenus EUDOLIUM Da tt.
Doliopsis Monterosato, non Conrad.

Eudolium Crosseanum MonrTerosarTo.
Plate XV. Fig. 5.

D. Crosseanum Allery de Monterosato, Journ. de Conchyl., XVII. p. 228, pl. xii.

fig. 1, 1869.
D. Bairdii Verrill & Smith, Am. Journ. Sci., XXII. p. 296, Oct. 1881. Trans. Conn.

Acad., V. p. 515, VI. p. 253, pl. xxix. figs. 2 a-b, 1884.

Habitat. Station 192, off Dominica, in 138 fms., sand. Station 291, off
Barbados, in 200 fms., stony bottom, temperature 49°.7 F. Off Havana, in
292 fms. Northward to Martha’s Vineyard, in 89-234 fms., Verrill. Deep
water off Palermo, Italy, Monterosato.

A living specimen taken off Delaware Bay by Captain Tanner might have
served as a model for the figure in the Journal de Conchyliologie. But most
of the specimens I have seen from the Antilles, dredged by the Fish Commis-
sion, are smaller, though adult. There is a tendency for the primary spirals to
be darker brown, and even articulated with dark and light brown. The nucleus
is very large, olive greenish, but in the adult lined with white shelly matter,
which, when the horny larval shell is peeled off, as often happens, reproduces

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 233

it in polished white shell substance. The spirals are usually prettily crenu-
lated by lines of growth. They vary in number and relative size. The suture
is sometimes more, sometimes less clearly defined by the meeting of the whorls.
It is not channelled. The callus of the outer lip varies from pure white to
livid rose-color. It is strongly lirate, reflected, and thickened. The canal is
very shallow. In the adult a more or less thickened callus extends from the
posterior commissure to the canal, somewhat irregularly distributed, and except
on the keel of the pillar (where it is a little tubercular) reproduces in its ele-
vated ridges the sculpture of the surface under it. This callus on the body
agrees with the notches on the rhachidian tooth in indicating a relationship
with Cassis nearer than that exhibited by most of the genus. For it Montero-
sato proposed a section Doliopsis, a name preoccupied by Conrad, but there
would seem to be good grounds here for a sectional or subgeneric subdivision.

Eudolium Verrillii n. s.
Plate XXXV. Fig. 12.

Shell resembling D. Crosscanwm, and best described by comparison with 2
specimen of the latter of equal size.

D. Verrillit is sculptured with strong revolving ribs without the finer inter-
calary thread of D. Crosseanum. At the beginning of the last whorl there are
five ribs between the sutures in D. Verrilliz, and eight primary ribs in the same
place in D. Crosseanum. The nucleus in D. Verrillw has no trace of the horny
larval shell characteristic of the genus, but it may have been decorticated after
having been filled with shelly matter. The spire ascends more evenly in
D. Verrillii, and the suture is deeply channelled. There are nineteen ribs at
the end of the last whorl, of which five are above the periphery. The ribs are
coarsest near the suture and decrease gradually forward. Behind the very
broad thick and strong lip is a deep sulcation. Inside, the outer lip is much
reflected and has about sixteen coarse crenulations. On the body and pillar
is a thick callus deeply grooved and much thickened on the body, and almost
making tubular the posterior commissure. On the pillar the callus is ver-
miculate. The pillar is formed like that of D. Crosseanum, but shorter and with
the callus arched like Odcorys. The outer surface of the specimen has the
grayish white of a “dead” shell, and tke surface has lost its polish. It has,
however, a transverse sculpture granulating the spirals and reticulating the
channels, like the sculpture on the shoulder of specimens of Cassis inflata
Shaw. It has five whorls, the last being rounder than in D. Crosseanum, and
all very thick and solid. Max. alt. of the shell, 32.0; of last whorl, 27.0; of
aperture, 22.0; max. lat. of shell, 24.3 mm.

Habitat. U. S. Fish Commission Station 2120, in 73 fms., mud, near
Grenada, bottom temperature 67°.0 F.

This shell is easily distinguished from Oécorys by its callus and broad lirate
outer lip with a suleation behind it, as well as by its coarser more Cussis-like
sculpture. Only one dead specimen was obtained.

234 BULLETIN OF THE

Famity AMPHIPERASIDZE.
Genus AMPHIPERAS Gronovivs.
Subgenus SIMNIA Risso.
Simnia Risso (Leach MS.), Hist. Nat., [V. p. 285, 1826.

This genus was not proposed on the character of a sharp outer lip, as stated
by Tryon and others. In fact Risso’s figure of his type species shows the
smooth narrow thickening of the lip exactly as it occurs. It was rather the
general form of the shell, elongate and without the thick and dentate peritreme
characteristic of Ovula carnea Risso and related species.

In a valuable paper in the American Journal of Conchology (VI. p. 183)
Prof. Theodore Gill has treated of the relations of Amphiperaside. Here he
characterizes the group as having a shell simply rolled upon itself and thus not
spiral; and in this respect he associates with them the genus Pedicularia. Now
I have already shown, and elsewhere figured in this paper, the young spiral
shell of Pedicularia, and a happy accident has enabled me to discover that the
young (not embryonic) shell of Simnia (Neosimnia) uniplicata Sby. is also
spiral, and so continues for some four whorls before putting on the involved
roll of the adult. Of course Prof. Gill’s merit in discriminating the distinction
between the enrolment of the adult Amphiperas and Cyprea, which had been
overlooked by conchologists, is not affected by this discovery, and he expressly
excluded the embryonic shells from his generalization, as they were at that
time unknown.

I suspect that the type of Radius Montfort will be found to differ from the
Simnia group, otherwise the name Radius has priority. Neosimnia Fischer
forms a convenient section of Simnia, but the distinction between the two is
very slight in some species, and it sometimes happens that one might easily
assign the same species to one or the other according to the stage of growth
which it has attained.

There is no reason to think that the genus Rhizorus Montfort has anything
to do with Simnia, as claimed by Morch.

Simnia acicularis Lamarck.

Ovula acicularis Lam., Ann. du Mus., XVI. p. 112, No. 9; Anim. s. Vert., VII.
p. 369, 1822; ed. Desh., X. p. 472.

Ovulum aciculare Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Ovulum, No. 31, p. 477, pl. c. figs. 43-46,
1848; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ovulum, pl. xii. figs. 53 a, 53 b, May, 1865.

Habitat. Brazil and South Carolina, Sby. Florida, Hemphill. North and
South Carolina, Kurtz & Stimpson. Sigsbee, off Havana, in 80 fms., and
off Sombrero, in 70 fms. Twenty-five miles off Cape Fear, North Carolina,
U. S. Fish Commission, at Station 2619, in 15 fms., sand.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. Zou

Simnia piragua n.s.

Shell remarkably slender, narrow and long, tapering regularly toward the
posterior end from a point about one third of the whole length behind the an-
terior end. Viewed from above the left profile is gently arched like a bow, on
the right there is a shallow emargination behind the end of the canal, and the
rest of the right-hand profile is almost in a straight line. The back is pale
coffee-brown, the tips and slightly thickened margin white. Below, the aper-
ture is seen to be very narrow except for a short space anteriorly, behind the
above mentioned emargination. There is a slight callus on the body; the colu-
mella, if it may be so called, is tinged with rose-pink. Both ends of the shell
are slightly recurved; the surface is marked only by lines of growth and a very
few faint spiral strie toward the ends. ‘The extreme anterior end of the canal
is sharp-edged, the rest is thickened but not reflected. Max. lon. of shell,
23.0; max. lat. of shell (7.0 mm. back from anterior end of canal), 3.0; max.
lat. of body, 2.6; of aperture, 1.6 mm.

Habitat. Living on Gorgonian coral, in 23 fms. water, at U.S. Fish Com-
nission Station 2138, between Jamaica and [ayti.

The soft parts appear in the dried animal to have been nearly black.

This is the most slender and evenly tapered species known, though not -very
large. The nearest to it is S. lanceolata Sowerby, from Luzon, and S. piragua
is much more slender, especially toward the extremities, which are also much
longer in proportion to the enrolled portion of the shell.

Section NEOSIMNIA Fiscu_er.

Simnia (Neosimnia) intermedia Sowersy.
Ovulum intermedium Sby., Spec. Conch., No. 1, p. 9, figs. 82, 33; Thes. Conch. Ovu-
lum, No. 40, p. 479, pl. ec. figs. 61, 62, 1848. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ovulum, pl.
vii. figs. 33a, 35 b, March, 1865.

Habitat. Station 247, off Grenada, in 170 fms. Honduras Bay (Sowerby).
Vera Cruz, Mexico (Strebel). Off Hatteras, in 50-65 fms., sand, U. 8. Fisk
Commission Stations 2595 and 2596.

This species is reasonably constant in form, but varies very much in size and
in the acuteness of the extremities of the shell. Older specimens have these
more blunt. The largest and smallest adult shells I have examined measured
27.0 and 15.0 mm. in length respectively. Tryon refers O. oblonga of Martini
and O. spelta Dillwyn, non Linné, to this species as synonyms.

Simnia (Neosimnia) uniplicata Sowerpry.

Ovulum uniplicatum Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 478, pl. c. figs. 80, 31, 82, 1848; P. Z. S.
1848, p. 185. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ovulum, pl. ix, figs. 51a, 51 b, May, 1865.

Amphiperas canadinensts ‘‘Morch,” Weinkauff, Jahrb. Mal. Ges., IX. p. 178, 18832,
= err. typog. for carolinensis.

236 BULLETIN OF THE

Ovulum antillarum Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ovula, fig. 64, 1865.

Ovula carolinensis Mérch, Malak. Blatt., XXIV. p. 54, 1877.

Ovulum subrostratum Sowerby, P. Z. S. 1848, p. 186; Thes. Conch., p. 477, pl. c.
figs. 39, 40, 1848.

Ovulum arcuatum Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ovulum, fig. 58, 1865.

Habitat. Dead at Station 2, in 805 fms. Living in 2-20 fms., dead in
12-100 {ms., from the Antilles northward to within twenty miles of Cape
Hatteras, North Carolina.

The adolescent shell is beautifully spirally wavy-striate; in the adult the
strie are near the ends only, or wholly absent. It varies from fine deep plum-
color or sulphur-yellow to white. The yellow ones are found on the yellow,
and the purple ones on the purple Gorgonias or sea-fans, respectively. The
larval shell has four whorls, while one or two more turns may be made’ by the
adolescent shell (about 3.5 mm. long) before the former is entirely hidden.
The apex of the nucleus is blunt and of a reddish color, while the surface of the
rest is paler and covered with sharp lire, close set and parallel with the lines
of growth. The sutures are evident but not pronounced. The adolescent
shell, exclusive of that which is truly larval, is of a whitish color in the speci-
men examined, and has only fine spiral Cylichna-like striation. It has a dis-
tinct columella, sharply truncate in front, and a wide canal, while at the apex
the shell is wound obliquely back over the nucleus, hiding about one half of it,
and is produced in a short canal beyond the extreme tip. There appears to be
a little overa whorl and a half subsequent to the original larval shell, and it
would require just about one whorl more wholly to enclose it. The larval
shell would seem to have been about a millimeter long, or perhaps somewhat
less, before the adolescent part was begun.

Simnia (Neosimnia) aureocincta n. s.

This shell is the Antillean analogue of S. spelta (Linn.) Tryon, and is best
described by comparison with it.

Its surface is almost entirely destitute of the fine spiral striations of S. spelta ;
its base is much more arched, the canals at either end are broad, blunt, and re-
curved, instead of pointed and straight; the color is pure white with a golden
yellow band winding round the shell just behind the periphery, and a yellow
brown line bordering the outer edge of the callus on each side. SS. syelta varies
from waxy white to purple, without bands or margination. On the base in the
present species the body is more symmetrically fusiform, the body callus more
diffused, the aperture narrower, especially in front, and the posterior fold
stronger and larger. The back of spelta from end to end forms a low nearly
uniform arch, in aureocincta the ends are abruptly turned up and_ heavily
thickened with callus. Max. lon. of shell, 18.5; max. lat. of shell, 8.0 mm.

Habitat. Living on Gorgonia, off Sombrero, in 70 fms. Also at U.S. Fish
Commission Station 2334, near Havana, Cuba, on white coral, in 67 fms.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, 237

In this connection it may be observed that S. spelta, which is the common
Mediterranean form, when young does not appear to resemble the shell figured
by Risso, which has by many naturalists been taken to be the young of it.
His S. niceénsis seems to me to be a species more like S. lanceolata. His
S. purpurea also, as represented in the Weinkauff collection, contained in that
of Jeffreys now in the National Museum, is a distinct and different shell from
the young of the purple variety of S. spelta L. (not Reeve & Sby.) which has
commonly been so referred. I do not find the genuine S. purpurea of Risso
figured in the monographs, or at least the shell so identified by Weinkauff and
which is a native of the Mediterranean.

The only other member of this family from this region so far known is
the Amphiperas (Ultimus) gibbosus Linné, which is common. The animal has
the sides of the mantle enveloping the shell and is very gaudy, being of a sal-
mon or golden yellow with large black circles and fine black dots scattered
over it. Itis found on corals and Gorgonias from Florida to Jamaica, and prob-
ably throughout the Antilles. It varies much in size, relative proportions,
and brilliancy of color. The color of the brightest specimens will fade very
much in a few years, even when kept in the dark. Fresh specimens are of a
charming orange-color.

A specimen of Amphiperas aperta Sby. is in the collection of the National
Museum from Barbados, and A. birostris Linné, which Tryon regards as the
adult form of aperta, was recorded from Cuba, in 1840, by Pfeiffer. I feel
some doubt as to these specimens, and suspect they may be imported, but it is
possible this shell does exist in the Antilles.

The British species, Ovula patula of authors, has a larval shell similar to the
one described under Simnia uniplicata, but it is smaller and shorter, with a
smooth whitish globular nucleus.

Genus PEDICULARIA Swarnson.

Pedicularia decussata Goutp.

Plate XIX. Figs. 9 a-b.

Pedicularia albida Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 39, 1881.
Pedicularia decussata Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., V. p. 127, 1855; Otia,
p. 215, 1862.

Habitat. Barbados, Hassler Exp., 100 fms. Off Havana, Sigsbee, 450
fms., on Solenosmilia variabilis Dum. fide Pourtalés. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.
U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2342, off Havana, Cuba, in 201 fms., coral,
and 2416, off the coast of Georgia, in 27 fms., coral, bottom temperature
53°.8 F. Off Georgia and Florida in 400 fms., Gould.

When I described this species its characters did not seem in accord with the

238 BULLETIN OF THE

brief diagnosis of Dr, Gould’s unfigured species. Since then I have visited
Albany, and examined Dr. Gould’s type, which leaves no doubt of their iden-
tity. The reception of more material from the Fish Commission and from the
Mediterranean enables me to enlarge my description of this species, and to
compare it with P. sicula.

In regard to the shell, it is noteworthy that the spiral nucleus, which, as
Gould observed, is always visible, is practically identical in form and sculp-
ture with that of Simnia, just described. In fact, Pedicularia would seem to
be a form of Amphtperas, modified for the habitat upon a coral, and made
irregwar by its habitat, as in the case of Rhizocheilus, etc. From Simnia,
living on Gorgonians, to Pedicularia, living on stony corals, is a very short
step. The dentition is not dissimilar, and I see no reason for separating
Pedicularia from the Amphiperaside,

The decussated sculpture is characteristic of the young, and of the period
before the animal has permanently settled down to one roost. At the end of
this period the margin is usually reflected, thickened, and internally lirate.
After this the spiral (or, as the shell stands, vertical) sculpture becomes
stronger, the transverse fainter, and the former has a wavy irregularity, while
the surface takes on a peculiar faint sagrination, recalling the surface of the
coral on which it lives. The largest specimen I have seen — which is 13.0 mm.
long by 8.5 from back to base, and 6.0 mm. in maximum width — is suffused
toward the aperture with a delicate rosy blush. The sculpture is constantly
different from that of P. sicula, which has the revolving threads in the young
alternately faint and very strong instead of regularly decussated, has not nearly
as many whorls, and has its nucleus always wholly concealed except in the
very youngest specimens. The young shell has not the form of Trivia, nor
is the columella plicate, as stated by Tryon (Man., VII. 241).

In the very large specimen referred to, the mantle margin was thickened
and papillose, notched in the middle line behind; the foot oval, rounded be-
hind, more pointed in front; the head small, the tentacles narrow, short, and
without eyes or eye pedicels. The cavity of the mantle is very large and deep;
there is the ordinary pectinibranch gill stretching across the dome of this cav-
ity, with the anal papilla at its distal extreme on the left side of the head.
What would seem to be the sexual papilla, large, prominent, globulose, is situ-
ated at the other extreme on the right, almost as far back as the posterior end
of the foot. The soft parts make a coil of two whorls. The space upon the
branch of coral (generally a Madrepore) where the animal roosts, and the edge
of which the aperture of the shell exactly fits, is smoothed away and marginated,
looking as if the animal had secreted a pavement, like Capulus, with a centrally
situated rougher area. This, however, is not really the case, but the coral has
been so eroded as to present much the same appearance, at least with P. sicula,
as I have not yet received P. decussata in situ.

The eggs are very numerous and small. They are impregnated within the
ovisac, which, when ready to discharge, seems to comprise a very large per-
centage of the total mass of the viscera. In the specimen examined, the young

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 239

shells within the mother had about three quarters of a whorl formed, were of
a brownish color, and covered by a thin smooth pellucid membrane. They
seemed to be massed in the ovisac with no regularity or attachment, but like a
lot of peas in a bag, and could be distinctly observed through the transparent
integument,

Faminry CYPRAZIDE.
Genus CYPRZEA LInne.

Cypreea cinerea GMELIN.

Cyprea cinerea Gmelin, Roberts in Tryon, VII. p. 166, pl. ii. figs. 15, 16, 1885.

Habitat. Station 2, 805 fms. Sigsbee, off Havana, Lat. 22° 9’ and Lon.
82° 2’, in 177 fathoms. Station 278, in 69 fathoms, Barbados, all young dead
specimens,

This species extends from the vicinity of Cape Hatteras to and throughout
the Antilles, and the adjacent continental shores, in suitable localities. It was
found living among the corals, at low water, on the reefs about Key West, by
Hemphill.

It varies very much in size. One adult specimen from near Havana meas-
ures 17.5 by 11.0 mm. Others from the Arrowsmith Bank, near Yucatan, 38.5
by 24.0 mm. It changes color a good deal by exposure, and varies among
individuals.

Among the other Cypreas, C. mus L. and C. lurida L. are certainly West
Indian, although Mr. Roberts does not mention it in his latest monograph.
C. cervus L, reaches South Florida, and is more or less spread among the
Antilles. It is undoubtably synonymous with C. exanthema, and, curiously
enough, of a very large and fine East American series, chiefly from Florida,
nearly all are typical cervus, which is supposed to be the West American form,
while the typical exanthema supposed to be the Antillean type is much less
abundant. Asarule, however, the West American specimens of cervus are a
little paler and thinner than the eastern ones.

C. spurca L. and its variety flaveola are common in the West Indies, and
extend northward to the Florida Keys. The bright-colored, white-based, few-
toothed variety is more common, especially northward, than the typical form
characteristic of the Mediterranean. Some of the specimens from Florida and
the Swan Islands are wider and more lozenge-shaped than any I find figured.
Cypreea bicallosa Gray and Aubryana Jouss. appear to be Antillean. OC. nebulosa
Kiener (Cape of Good Hope), @. stercoraria L. (probably mus, junior, was
mistaken for it), and C. picta Gray (Cape Verde Isl.) are exotic, and have
been wrongly credited to this region, like C. moneta, etc.

240 BULLETIN OF THE

Genus TRIVIA Gray.
Trivia pediculus Linné.

This species was not obtained by the Blake, but ranges from St. Augustine
southward to and among the Antilles, varying greatly in size and brilliancy
of coloration. It is fossil in the pliocene clays of Costa Rica and the Caloosa-
hatchie pliocene of South Florida. T. labivsa Gaskoin and T. cimex H. Owen
are synonyms.

Trivia suffusa Gray.

Trivia suffusa Gray, Roberts in Tryon, Man., p. 201, pl. xxi. figs. 1, 2, 100, 1885.

Habitat. Off Havana in 80 fms. (dead), Sigsbee. Cedar Xeys, Florida,
living on the reefs in 1-3 fms., and southward to and among the Antilles at
moderate depths. Fossil in the Caloosahatchie pliocene.

This species is sometimes deep rose with blackish mottlings, varying from
rosy or madder brown without black markings to nearly totally blackish
brown. On the mainland it has been received from Vera Cruz and the coast
of Yucatan. 7. armandina Duclos is synonymous according to Roberts, and
the dark variety mentioned above is on the same authority the same as
T. pullata H. Owen.

Trivia subrostrata Gray.

Trivia subrostrata Gray, Roberts, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 1387, 1881. Tryon, Man.,
VII. p. 203, pl. xxii. figs. 38, 39, 1885.

Habitat. Sigsbee, off Havana, 80 and 175 fms. Station 12, 177 fms.; Sta-
tion 2, 805 fms. (dead). Southeastward to Barbados, living at moderate depths.

Trivia nivea Gray.

Trivia oryza Roberts, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 187, 1881, non Lam.
Trivia nivea Gray, Roberts, Tryon, Man., VII. p. 199, pl. xxi. figs. 80, 81, 1885.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms. Station 272, at Barbados, in 76 fms.,
dead. South Florida reefs, Greegor, living.

Trivia candidula Gasxo1n.

Trivia candidula Gaskoin, Roberts, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 137, 1881. Tryon, Man.,
VII. p. 203, pl. xxii. figs. 33, 34, 1885.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.; Station 21, 287 fms.; Barbados, 100

fms.; Sigsbee, off Havana, 119 fms.; Station 177, living, in 18 fms., at Domin-
March 28, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 241

ica; Station 272, in 76 fms., near Barbados; also in 94-140 fms., at Barbados,
all dead. Near Cape Hatteras, in 25-50 fms., U. S. Fish Commission. Co-
runna, Spain, McAndrew.

This species ranges farther north than any other yet known, on the eastern
coast of the United States. It is easily recognized by the continuous trans-
verse lines, uninterrupted by any dorsal groove, and its white color. It is
T. olorina Duclos and 7’. approximans Beck.

Trivia globosa Gray.

Trivia globosa Gray, Roberts, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 187, 1881.
T. pilula Kiener, and 7’. spherula Mighels, fide Roberts, 1885.

Habitat. Station 2, 805 fms.; Station 247, near Grenada, in 170 fms.; Sta-
tion 276, near Barbados, in 94 fms. All dead. U.S. Fish Commission Sta-
tion 2373, in 23 fms., coral bottom, in the Gulf of Mexico, living. Station
2330, dead, in 121 fms., at Key West. Fossil in the Caloosahatchie pliocene.

Roberts thinks that Krebs’s Trivia subrostrata var. alba is referable to this
species.

Trivia quadripunctata Gray, var. rotunda Kiener.

Trivia quadripunctata Gray, Roberts, Bull. M. C. Z., LX. p. 187, 1881. Tryon, Man.,
ViL. p. 201, pl. xxii. figs. 6,,6.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 1 living, 640 fms.; Station 2, 805 fms.; Station
12, 177 fms.; Barbados, living, 100 fms.; Sigsbee, off Havana, 80 fms. Flor-
ida Keys, in 2-4 fms., living, and abundant in the Antilles, in similar
situations.

I do not understand how living specimens found their way into jars labelled
100 and 640 fms. I do not believe the shells lived at that depth, and suspect
they may have remained in the dredge or sieve, unseen, from a previous dredg-
ing in shallow water. The specimens, except the two living ones, are all of
the variety rotunda Kiener, which differs from the type in being shorter,
rounder, paler, and with the spots obsolete. As with the other species, the
identifications have been confirmed by Mr. S. R. Roberts, who has made a
special study of the Cypreide.

Genus ERATO Risso.
Hrato Maugeriz Gray.

This species extends from Cape Hatteras to Jamaica, and from Florida to
Vera Cruz and Aspinwall. It is the only species known from the region. It
is fossil in the pliocene of the Caloosahatchie River, Florida. Erato cypreoides
C. B. Adams is not in the least like it, being white, cypreiform, with an im-

VOL. XVIII. 16

2432 BULLETIN OF THE

mersed spire and both lips transversely grooved. It is probably not an Erato
at all, and is perhaps an Ovulacteon. The Erato vitellina cited by Marrat in
his list of shells collected by the party on board the Argo, undoubtedly came
from California, and it should have been so stated, as, placed as it was without
comment in a paper treating otherwise only of Antillean shells, it was certain to
lead to misconception. Although Mr. Marrat says it was a gift from Mr. Red-
field at Philadelphia, it follows the Abaco list without sufficient discrimination.

Famity TRIFORIDZ.
Genus TRIFORIS DeEsnHavyes.

The character of the openings in this group seem to have been misunderstood
by Mr. Tryon in his recent monograph. He referred (Man., 1X. p, 121) to
the “occasional preservation of a second canal upon the back of the body whorl,
showing the termination of a former aperture.” I have never seen anything of
the kind in this genus, nor does Mr. Tryon figure any such formation. The
case of T'riforis is not unlike that of Plewrotoma, except that in the latter group
the seclusion of the individual foramina is, so far as I know, never carried
quite so far as in typical T'rzforis. In both there is an aperture with a canal
and a presutural (doubtless anal) notch in the adult. In some forms of
Drillia, when fully mature, the notch becomes nearly tubular, but the siphonal
canal is not closed and seldom if ever has a tubular appearance. In Triforis,
however, the canal and anal opening, in certain species, become completely
tubular, and the last whorl after they are closed is continued for a quarter of
a turn more before the final adult aperture is completed. Between this state
of things and that in which the canal remains permanently open and the anal
notch becomes obsolete, there are all varieties of gradation, many of which
represent stages of growth in the most specialized forms. There are probably
some dextral forms, though such are apt to be referred to Cerithiopsis ; and
probably some of those referred to this group would, if we knew all the charac-
ters of the soft parts, operculum, etc., be naturally placed with Cerithiopsis, as
reversed species of that genus.

I have felt that the differences of the soft parts, dentition, and operculum
were sufficient to authorize the use of the family name for this group, as has
been proposed by other naturalists. A great number of sectional names have
been proposed in this group. Most of them are without sufficient reason for
existence. We may conveniently recognize Inella Bayle (+ Ino Hinds, thrice
preoccupied), for the elongated species with flattened whorls, open anal aper-
ture, and sharp apex; Sychar Hinds, for similar shells having a swollen nucleus
and more rounded whorls; Mastonia Hinds, for the short, swollen fusiform
species with the same character of aperture; and Triforis s.s., for those in which
the anal sinus is closed, and all the foramina have a more or less tubular form,
when completely adult. These shells are so frequently decollate, rubbed, or

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 243

not perfectly adult, that the proper section to which they are to be referred,
except in the case of species collected alive and in large quantities, will neces-
sarily often remain doubtful.

The variety in the sculpturing is very remarkable, and the range of varia-
tion in this direction is as yet but little understood,

Section TRIFORIS s. s.

The only species definitely referable to this section within our limits is the
Triforis mirabilis C. B. Adams, which extends southward from the Carolina
coast to the Antilles, apparently not abundant anywhere. It has been errone-
ously confounded with 7. turris-thome Orbigny.

Triforis lilacina Datu.

Shell corpulent, acutely pointed, characterized by two spiral rows of round,
pointed, large elevated tubercles, about twenty-five on the last whorl; there
they are separated by a fine undulated line, while on the earlier whorls this is
obsolete or absent; there is a very fine post-sutural thread; whorls about 18,
of a rich pink lilac color, the tubercles a little lighter; base protuberant, with
four or five regularly beaded spiral threads; canal closed, much recurved, short;
anal notch deep, probably eventually tubular; mouth contracted, anterior edge
produced, aperture sharp-edged, simple. Max. lon. of shell, 9.0; max. lat. of
shell, 2.9mm. (Nucleus lost, probably pointed.)

Habitat. Turtle Harbor, Florida, in 6 fms., Dr. Rush.

This beautiful shell is nearest to ruber Hinds, which has smaller tubercles
and proportionally larger aperture. This and violacea Quoy (with five rows
of tubercles) are Indo-Pacific species.

Section MASTONIA Hrnps.

A. Apex acute, trochoid.

Triforis perversa Linn, var. nigrocincta ApamMs.

Trochus perversus Linné, S. N., ed. xii. p. 1231.

Cerithium perversum Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., LV. p. 261, 1867.

Cerithium adversum Forbes & Hanley, Brit. Moll., p. 195, pl. xci. figs. 5, 6.

Triforis perversa Jeffreys, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 57.

Cerithium nigrocinctum C. B. Adams, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., I. p. 286, pl. iv. fig,
11, 1839.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Northward to Massachusetts. British Isles
to the Mediterranean. California ?

After a careful study of specimens from both sides of the Atlantic, I con-
clude that the differences which exist are far less than those which separate

244 BULLETIN OF THE

the large pale-tubercled Mediterranean variety from the small British variety
adversa Montagu, and cannot be claimed as of more than varietal importance.

The British shell is usually more solid and uniformly dark, but there are
paler individuals with dark base, differing from typical nigrocincta only in be-
ing a little heavier. But nearly all British individuals are heavier than those
of the same species from the American shores. The sculpture of many of the
British individuals is a little coarser, and they probably average a little bigger
than American specimens.

The variety nzgrocincta is usually brown with a dark brown base; this shin-
ing through the sides of the shell below the suture gives the effect of a brown
presutural band, Individuals in which the base is no darker than the sides
do not show it. TJ. modesta C. B. Adams is a small uniformly dark specimen,
and his 7. intermedia is (from a typical specimen) a form in which the middle
spiral has its nodules paler colored than the rest of the shell.

Two or three genera or subgenera have been founded on this species, as hay-
ing the canal open and the whorls flattened, but the canal is often closed in
both foreign and American specimens, and the form is precisely that of Masto-
nia, sometimes flattish, but most generally moderately inflated and fusiform.

Triforis decorata C. B. Apams var. olivacea, DAtt.

Cerithium decoratum Adams, Contributions to Conch., p. 177, 1850.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, west of Florida, in 50 fms. Key West, Hemp-
hill. Antilles, Adams.

This species does not show the anal notch tubular when perfectly adult, con-
sequently it should not be placed in the typical section of Triforis, as has been
done in Mr. Tryon’s Manual. It is closely related to T. ornata of Deshayes.

The Floridian specimens are of a more olive and brown tendency, and are
also larger and have a greater proportional diameter than the types of Adams
or any of the Antillean specimens I have seen. The latter all tend to a macu-
lation of blackish brown and white, are smaller, and more slender, The dis-
tinction seems of varietal importance, though it would doubtless shade off
imperceptibly in a full geographical series.

B. Apical nucleus swollen, mammillary.

Triforis turris-thome Orpieny.

Triforis turris-thome (Chemnitz) Orb., Moll. Cub., II. p. 155 (pl. xxiii. figs. 10-12 2),
1842. Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., LX. p. 81, 1881.
Triforis intermedius Tryon, Man., p. 188, 1887, not of C. B. Adams, 1850.

Habitat. Station 2, 805 fms., one dead specimen, probably drifted from
shoaler water. Reported by Orbigny in shell sand from Cuba and Guadelupe
Island.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 245

This species is not distinguishable from Chemnitz’s figures, and his work is
only accidentally now and then binomial. Its name rests upon Orbigny’s
ficure and description. Doubtless he would have confounded it with 7. mira-
bilis, but his figure identifies the species sufliciently. Adams may have con-
founded it with his own intermedius, and so named it, but his type specimens of
the latter are of a not rare variety of perversa. His description is eight years
later than the publication of Orbigny’s Atlas, and his name would in any case
be out of court on that account, if they were identical.

Section INELLA Bayvte.

Nucleus acute, conical, trochoid; whorls flattened.

The following schema of the species of this section may serve to assist the
student in identifying material which may come into his hands. In case of
any discrepancy between the figure and the diagnosis, the latter is always, in
this Report, to be regarded as the more correct.

A. With three principal spirals.

T. longissima Dall. Three spiral rows of very prominent tubercles; middle
tubercles opposite interspaces of the two outer rows; anterior row most promi-
nent of the three; a fine thread behind the suture; no transverse ribs.

T. triserialis Dall. Three spiral tuberculated threads; tubercles axially
parallel; posterior row strongest; a fine thread behind suture; no ribs; shell
somewhat short and swollen.

T. triserialis var. aspera Jeffreys. Last whorl but one of adult with 20
broadish, rather straight transverse ribs, overrun by two sharp not nodulated
threads with their posterior slope shortest; the ribs nodulous under the threads;
a nodulous smaller thread in front of the suture, a still smaller simple thread
behind the suture; whorls flat, shell elongate. The Antillean specimens have
more convex whorls. A specimen from the quaternary of Messina shows no
post-sutural thread.

I’. triserialis var. intermedia Dall. Two rows of not prominent apically
inclined nodules, a smaller undulated thread between them, a still smaller one
behind the suture; undulations of the medial thread opposite the interspaces
between the nodules; no ribs; young with proportionally stronger nodules;
shell rather elongated.

T. sarissa Dall. Three rows of strong tubercles, with their longest slope
toward the middle of the whorl, posterior row largest, anterior next in size, the
third close to the posterior row and smallest; suture not bordered by threads
and nearly invisible.

B. With two principal spirals.
T’. colon Dall. Two spiral rows of equal nodules overrun and connected by a

sharp line; a very fine undulate line on each side the suture; no ribs, whorls
very short and flat; base flattish; shell slender and small.

246 BULLETIN OF THE

C. With one principal spiral.

T. Rushit Dall. An anterior row of 16 very large and pointed (almost
spinous) tubercles next the suture; behind this three much finer and lower
undulated equal threads; no ribs; whorls flat except for the garland of tuber-
cles; shell milk-white, small. R

The last mentioned, though only a fragment of four and a half whorls, pre-
sents such a remarkable and peculiar sculpture that I have no hesitation in
applying a name to it. The length along the axis from the garland of tuber-
cles on one whorl to its fourth return, thus including three whorls, is 2.6 mm.;
the width over the tubercles at the apical end (decollate) was 1.5 mm., and at
the other end (of four whorls) it was 1.75 mm. The turns are rather oblique,
and the undulations of the fine threads form oblique transverse series. It was
collected by Dr. W. H. Rush, in 200 fms., west of North Bemini Island,
Bahamas, and kindly donated by him to the National Museum.

Triforis (Inella) longissima Da tt.
Plate XX. Fig. 10.

Triforis (Ino) longissimus Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 80, 1881. Agassiz, Three
Cruises of the Blake, II. p. 71, fig. 295, 1888.

Habitat. Sigsbee, off Havana, in 175-450 fms.

In this and several other cases I was led, by the careless practice of authors
who have erroneously treated the name Triforis as masculine, to give the spe-
cific names in my Preliminary Report a masculine termination.

Triforis (Inella) triserialis Datu.
Plate XX. Figs. 5a,6a.

Triforis triserialis Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 84, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. Off Cape San Antonio, 640 fms. Sta-
tion 2, in 805 fms. Station 282, near Barbados, in 154 fms., sand, bottom tem-
perature 56°.0 F.

Triforis (Inella) triserialis var. aspera JEFFREYS.
Triforis aspera Jeffreys, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 58, pl. vi. figs. 7, 7 a.

Habitat. North Atlantic, Porcupine Expedition. Mediterranean, Jeffreys.
Florida Straits, off the Samboes, Pourtalés, in 125 to 731 fms. Off Georgia
in 440 fms., sand, U. S. Fish Commission. I have compared Jeffreys’s types
with the type of 7. triserialis, and consider the differences varietal.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 247

Triforis (Inella) triserialis var. intermedia Da tt.
Plate XX. Fig. 8.

Triforis intermedius Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 85, 1881.
Not 7". intermedius C. B. Adams, 1850.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms. Barbados, in 100 fms.

Triforis (Inella) sarissa Datu.

Shell glossy white, elongated, subcylindrical, with about twenty-four pecu-
liarly sharp-pointed tubercles on the last whorl; whorls about 24, sculpture
(see schema, p. 245) sharp, clear-cut, and limose; base flattish with a strong keel,
two less strong spiral threads, and one or two fainter ones on the canal; canal
rather long, moderately recurved; anal notch marked, but probably not tubular;
aperture subrectangular, modified by the spirals; inner lip thickened, project-
ing. Lon. of shell, 15.5; of last whorl, 3.0; max. lat. of shell, 2.6 mm.

Habitat. Station 290, near Barbados, in 73 fms., coral, bottom temperature
71°.0 F.

This shell recalls T. (Sychar) inflata Watson, in its general appearance, but
the details of the. sculpture are quite different, and the shell is more cylindrical.
Its differential characters in its own section are referred to in the schema.

A notable peculiarity is the way in which a large part of the tubercular
sculpture seems to incline toward the apex.

Triforis (Inella) colon Datu.
Plate XX. Fig. 12.

Triforis colon Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 86, 1881.

Habitat. Off Havana, in 450 fms., Sigsbee. Off Cape San Antonio, in
640-1002 fms.

Section SYCHAR Hrnps.

Nucleus mammillary, swollen, whorls convex.
The following schema may be useful for the species referred to.

A. With three strong spirals.

T. samane Dall. Spirals crowded, with crowded tubercles, rope-like; an-
terior largest, posterior smallest, so that each whorl at the suture overhangs
the succeeding whorl; base flattish, with three tuberculate cords; shell white,
strong.

B. With two strong spirals.

T. bigemma Watson. ‘Two strong spirals nodulating over transverse hardly
rib-like waves; a fine undulated thread in front of the suture; both lips of the
suture appressed, often thread-like; base and sutures brownish, shell otherwise
white; subcylindrical, elongated.

248 BULLETIN OF THE

T. (bigemma var. ?) hircus Dall. Two sharp peripheral threads reticulating
short peripheral transverse ribs, nodose at the intersections; the space between
the anterior spiral of one whorl, and the posterior one of the next whorl ex-
cavated, smooth, with the sutural lips appressed, but no pre-sutural thread;
subconic; otherwise like bigemma.

T. abrupta Dall. Sculpture similar to bigemma, but shell smaller, shorter,
more inflated and Mastonia-like; with a well marked thread behind the suture,
and the transverse waves obsolete.

T. torticula Dall. Two strong not nodulous spirals undulated by numerous
shallow transverse sulci; a fine post-sutural thread; in front of the suture,
between it and the posterior primary spiral, one or two fine strongly undulate
or subtuberculate threads, the anterior one fainter; base convex with three
threads in the young; base smooth, flat and keeled in large not quite adult
individuals; shell large, subcylindric, white.

T. inflata Watson. Two spiral rows of equal tubercles on flat whorls with-
out ribs or waves; a marked, hardly undulate thread behind, and a still smaller
one before the suture; shell white, elongated.

T. inflata var. vbex Dall. Like the last, but tubercles more sparse and
obliquely set, anterior sutural thread obsolete.

T. inflata var. filata Dall. Like zbex, but with three fine threads at the
suture; shell less cylindrical and proportionally wider.

C. Without primary spirals.
T. cylindrellus Dall. One small post-sutural thread; two or three shallow
spiral grooves, cutting numerous oblique transverse sulci; whorls swollen,
constricted behind; base very convex; shell small, slender, white.

Triforis (Sychar) samanez Datt.

Shell white, opaque, solid, of 12-14 whorls; main body of the shell subcylin-
drical, but the apex more rapidly tapered. Sculpture of (on the last whorl)
three coarse close-set spirals, covering the whole whorl, each with about thirty
closely packed tubercles, like buns strung on a cord, longer axially than in the
other direction; base similarly tubercularly corded with three cords, the inter-
spaces deep; canal very short, aperture short, squarish, modified by the sculp-
ture. Max. lon. of shell, 10.0; of last whorl, 2.7; max. lat. of shell, 2.8 mm.

Habitat. Samana Bay, Santo Domingo, in dredgings from about 16 fms.

This recalls 7. decorata C. B. Adams, but in that species the sculpture is not
crowded, the tubercles are strictly intersectional, and the whorls do not, over-
hang each other.

Triforis (Sychar) bigemma Warson.

Triforis bigemma Watson, Journ. Lin. Soc., XV. p. 101, 1880; Dall, Bull. M. Ces
IX. p. 81, 1881; Watson, Chall. Gastropods, p. 562, pl. xliii. fig. 6, 1885.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, in 640 fms. Near St. Thomas, in 390 fms., Chal-
lenger Expedition.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 249

Triforis (bigemma var.?) hircus Dar.
Plate XX. Fig. 11.
Triforis hircus Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., LX. p. 85, 1881.
Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

Triforis (Sychar) abrupta Dat.
Plate XX. Fig. 9.
Triforis (bigemma Watson var.?) abruptus Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 84, 1881.

Habitat. Cape San Antonio, 640 fms.; Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

Triforis (Sychar) torticula Datt.
Plate XX. Fig. 11b.
Triforis torticulus Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 82, 1881.
Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms,

Triforis (Sychar) inflata Warson.
Gerithium (Triforis) inflatum Watson, Journ. Lin. Soc., XV. p. 101, 1880; Dall, Bull.

M. C. Z., LX. p. 81, 1881; Watson, Chall. Gastropods, p. 564, pl. xl. fig. 1,
1885.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. Off Culebra Island, in 390 fms., Chal-

lenger Expedition. Off Georgia, in 440 fms., sand, bottom temperature 45°.6 F.,
at Station 2414; and at Station 2662, in 434 fms., sand, off St. Augustine,
Florida, bottom temperature 43°.7 F., U. 8S. Fish Commission.

Triforis (Sychar) inflata var. ibex Dat.
Plate XX. Fig. 12 b.

Triforis ibex Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 86, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, off Cape San Antonio, in 640 fms. Off Havana, in
450 fms., Sigsbee.

Triforis (Sychar) inflata var. filata Datu.

Habitat. Station 136, near Santa Cruz, in 508 fms., soft ooze, bottom tem-
perature 42°.5 F.

250 BULLETIN OF THE

Triforis (Sychar) cylindrella Datu
Plate XX. Fig. 6.

Triforis cylindrellus Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 83, 1881.
Habitat. Cape San Antonio, 640 fms.

Famity CERITHIOPSIDZ.

The existence of a retractile proboscis in Cerithiopsis and Seila is quite
ground enough, were there no other characters, for separating this group as a
family from the Cerithiide.

Genus SEILA A. Apams.

Seila A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII. p. 180, 1861; type S. dextroversus Ad. &
Reeve. (China Seas.)

Viriola Jousseaume, 1884, not of Tryon, 1887.

Cinctella Monterosato, Nom. Conch. Medit., p. 123, 1884; type C. trilineatum Phi-
lippi. (Mediterranean.)

The close resemblance of S. dextroversa to the C. terebralis C. B. Adams, so
far as shell characters are concerned, is warrant in default of negative evidence
for combining the two forms in one group. The characters of C. terebralis, as
worked out by Stimpson and independently by myself, are sufficient to elevate
Seila to the rank of a genus, and separate it entirely from Cerithiopsis, of which
it has been regarded as a synonym. Jousseaume, whose work on Triforis I
have been unable to consult, would apparently, judging from Tryon’s remarks,
regard Seila as a dextral Triforis, but this is an erroneous assumption, as I
shall proceed to show, and the peculiar dentition and shell characters of Trifo-
ris are in my opinion a justification for according to it family rank by itself.

Seila terebralis C. B. Apams.

Cerithium terebrale C. B. Adams, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., III. p. 820, pl. iii. fig. 7,
1840.

C. terebellum C. B. Adams, Cat. Coll., p. 19, note, 1847.

Cerithiopsis terebellum Stimpson, N. Engl. Shells, p. 45, 1851.

Cerithiopsis terebralis H. & A. Adams, Gen., I. p. 241, 1853.

@Cerithium trilineatum Philippi, En. Moll. Sicil., I. p. 195, pl. xi. fig. 18, 1836; Jef-
freys, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 61.

Habitat in America. Massachusetts, southward to Florida and the Antilles.
? Europe, in the Mediterranean, extremely rare.

I have carefully examined Dr. Jeffreys’s series of trilineatum, recent and fossil,
and do not feel that it justifies the consolidation. The fossil isa much more

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 251

slender cylindrical and less conical shell with shorter whorls than S, terebralis,
and so far as the specimens indicate never attains the size which adult tere-
bralis commonly exhibits. Otherwise the sculpture is very similar, The
recent Sicilian shell is extremely rare and much more like ¢erebralis, which
Philippi, who had received the American shell from Pfeiffer, identified with it.
The recent and fossil forms seem to differ from each other in a sufficiently
marked way to render it most desirable to limit tri/ineatum to the fossil to
which it was originally given, and retain Adams’s name for the recent shell.

The characters of the animal of Seila terebralis are such as definitely to sepa-
rate it from Cerithiopsis.

The tentacles are short and stout; the eyes are situated on their outer bases.
The foot is very short, indented in the median line in front, bluntly rounded
behind, and hardly more than one half longer than its own breadth. There is
a narrow mentum and the animal possesses a retractile proboscis. The oper-
culum is very peculiar, being subtriangular, its front edge arched, the lateral
margins thin, the posterior angle free, stout, hard, not spiral, but its tip curved
to the left. It is a little longer than wide, and when retracted the little hook
at the apex is caught under the twisted pillar. The opercular lobe is simple.
There are stout jaws composed of numerous scale-like pieces. The rhachidian
tooth is sub-rectangular, tridentate, the median denticle of the cusp much
smaller and shorter than the others; there is a squarish median boss on the
base below the cusp. The major lateral is broad and rather high, with a wide
and very short cusp, bidentate near its inner extreme. The two minor laterals
are narrow, long, wider at the base and bidentate at the narrow tip.

In a general way the radula is more like that of Cerithiella metula Loven, as
figured by Sars (Moll. Arct. Norv., pl. vii. figs. 4a, 4b), than any other species
of the Cerithiacea whose dentition I have seen figured. The details above
given show it to be quite different even from that form.

Genus CERITHIOPSIS Forses & Haney.

The type of this group is C. tubercularis Montagu, with which our most
common species, C. Greenti Adams, agrees in the superficial characters of its
soft parts. I have, however, not been able to distinguish in our species any
such median pore and subsequent groove as is figured by Jeffreys for C. tuber-
cularis (Brit. Conch., IV., pl. iv. fig. 5). The foot of the American species
seems longer and narrower, as do the tentacles.

Cerithiopsis Greenit C. B. Adams has been referred to C. tubercularis Mon-
tagu, and to C. minima Brusina. It has a nucleus which, allowing for all
variation, is larger and less styliform than that of C. tubercularis, while the
aperture of C. minima is contracted in a way different from that of any speci-
mens of C. Greeniv I have ever examined. It would seem preferable to keep
them distinct, though the sculpture and its range of variation in tubercularis
and Greenw are very similar. The name of C. Greenii is much older than that

252 BULLETIN OF THE

of C. minima, and if they were identical would take precedence of it. Further-
more, from Florida I have received specimens collected by H. Hemphill at
Key West, which seem to be the same as the British tubercularis except that the
tubercles form spiral bands of pale medium and dark brown color. These
differ from the C. Greenit collected in the same region just as the British and
Mediterranean specimens do, The range of C. Greenii extends from Massa-
chusetts Bay to Florida, Bermuda, and Santo Domingo. Cerithiwm iota C. B.
Adams is, from typical specimens, merely a rather small variety of CU. Greenii.

The operculum of Cerithiopsis is paucispiral, somewhat concave, with three
or four whorls, rather translucent and smooth outside. I have not seen any
figure of the dentition of C tubercularis, but gather from the statements of Gray,
Tryon, and Jeffreys that the central or rhachidian tooth is large and bifid, the
major laterals with bidentate cusps, and the other laterals elongate, simple, and
smooth, without denticles.

Subgenus? EUMETA (Morcu) Fiscuer.

Eumeta Morch, Faunula Moll. Islandiz, Vid. Medd., p. 208, 1868; Fischer, Man.,
p. 684, 1883; Jeffreys, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 61 (ex parte).

The name of Morch was simply inserted without any comment. Dr. Fischer,
I believe, first gave it a definition, basing this on the dentition. Dr. Jeffreys
united Metaxia with it, and used Humeta to designate the blunt-tipped as dis-
tinguished from the typical acute Cerithiopsides.

Cerithiopsis (Humeta ?) subulata Moyraev.
Plate XX. Fig. 4.

2% Trochus punctatus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. xii., p. 1231, No. 603, 1766. Hanley,
Test. Lin., pp. 824, 529, 18565.

Cerithium punctatum (L.) Philippi, Zeitschr. fiir Mal., V. p. 23, 1848; not of Brugiére,
Enc. Meth., p. 463, 1789.

Murex subulatus Montagu, Test. Brit. Suppl., p. 115, pl. xxx. fig. 6, 1808. Turton,
Conch. Dict., p. 96, 1819. Dillwyn, Cat., II. p. 759, 1817.

Cerithium subulatum Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., IV. p. 264, 1867; not of Potiez and
Michaud, Gal. Douai, 1838.

Cerithium metula Dan. (non Loven) in Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., IV. p. 257, 1867.

Cerithium Emersonit C. B. Adams, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I]. p. 284, pl. iv. fig. 10,
1838. Gould, Inv. Mass., p. 275, fig. 180, 1841.

Cerithium punctatum Philippi, Abbild. und Beschr., III. p. 99 ( Cerithium, p. 6, pl. i.),
pl. xx. 4, figs. 16, 18, 1849. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Cerith., p. 880, pl.
elxxxiv. fig. 240, 1855.

Cerithiopsis punctatum Tryon, Man., IX. p. 170, pl. xxxv. fig. 34, 1887.

Cerithium elegans Blainville, Faune Frang. Moll., p. 159, pl. lxii. fig. 9, 1827 (fide
Tryon) ; not of Petit, 1859.

ye ie

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 253

Cerithiopsis EXmersonii H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., I. p. 240, 1858. Binney’s
Gould’s Invy., p. 887, fig. 649. Verrill, Rep. Inv. Vineyard Sound, p. 648,
pl. xxiv. fig. 151, 1873.

Habitat. Cape Cod southward to the Antilles. Station 247, off Grenada,
dead, in 170 fms.

The Trochus punctatus of Linné is admitted by Hanley and Deshayes to be
unrecognizable. Philippi thought he recognized it in our American shell.
Others have followed him, including Tryon. If there were nothing else in the
way, we might recognize the name as of Philippi, objectionable and wholly
inapplicable as it is if the meaning of the word be considered. But Linné
stated that his shell came from South Europe; Hanley intimates that it was
a variety of C. tubercularis, and Brugiere described an identifiable Cerithium
punctatum long before the publication of Philippi. -

The first name recognizable as belonging to our species was given by Mon-
tagu, under the supposition that the shell was British. In this way a number
of Antillean species were first described. Since we have to give up the famil-
iar name of Emersonii, it is fortunate that the new name is appropriate, and
there is no necessity for resorting to guesswork in order to fix an unsuitable
name upon our shell.

The southern specimens are lighter colored, except the base, which is visible
in the purple brown line which distinguishes the suture in fresh specimens.
As we go northward, the specimens are ruder and more olivaceous. By a
study of the nuclei I have become convinced that they are little, if at all, less
variable than the rest of the shell. Considerable variations do occur in the
sculpture, size, and prominence of the nuclear whorls. The reliance of some
authors on the nuclear characters, as something fundamentally constant, is
certainly ill founded.

I have figured the specimens from Grenada as an example of the elegance
of tropical individuals of this species, and the contrast of its tints is not less
attractive than its sculpture.

The soft parts and dentition of this species have been examined by Stimpson,
whose drawings and notes are in my hands, They indicate that the external
appearance of the animal is much like that of Cerithiopsis tubercularis given
by Jeffreys, previously cited, except that the foot is broader and shorter, and
the tentacles more slender and acutely pointed. The operculum of C. subulata
is paucispiral, of three whorls, thin, horny, and externally concave. The ele-
ments of the jaw are partly scale-like, and partly raised and pointed. But the
dentition is quite peculiar. The median tooth is wide, with a narrow five-
toothed cusp, and a cusp-like projection from the middle line of the base. The
major lateral is extremely wide and short, its outer portion slightly curved and
simple, the inner part with eight or nine small denticles; subequal, like those
on the median tooth. The outer laterals, two in number, are long and narrow,
the base notched, the cusp suddenly narrowed like a claw, and the inner edge
of the claw with five or six fine denticulations.

254 BULLETIN OF THE

It is entirely evident that this does not agree with the accounts given us
of the radula of C. tubercularis. On the other hand, Stimpson’s drawing does
agree in the main with the dentition of Hwmeta costulata Moller (C. arctica
Morch) as figured by Sars (Moll. Arct. Nov., pl. vii. fig. 5b). The details
differ, but the main features of the radule must be much alike.

In the absence of better data as to the teeth of C. tubercularis, I prefer to let
the species remain in the genus, merely calling attention to the fact that this
species must be removed from Cerithiopsis, and united with its congeners in a
distmct group, if the differences of dentition above signalized are confirmed.

Section CERITHIOPSIS s. s.

Cerithiopsis crystallina Datt.
Plate XX. Fig. 3.

Cerithiopsis % crystallina Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 89, 1881.

Habitat. West of Florida in 50 fms.; off Havana in 450 fms., Sigsbee;
Barbados, in 100-103 fms.; Station 2, in 805 fms.; Station 20, off Bahia Honda,
in 220 fms.; Station 36, in 84 fms.; Station 128, near Santa Cruz, in 180 fms.,
sand; Stations 132 and 134, off Frederikstadt, Santa Cruz, in 115-248 fms.,
sand; Station 176, off Dominica, in 391 fms.; Station 192, off Dominica, in
138 fms.; Station 210, near Martinique, in 191 fms.; Station 220, off Santa
Lucia, in 116 fms., rocky bottom; Station 290, near Barbados, in 73 fms.,
coral. Bottom temperatures ranging from 48°.5 to 71°.0 F. Gulf of Mexico,
Stations 2400 and 2403; south of Cuba, at Stations 2131 and 2135; Little
Bahama Bank, at Station 2655, in 88-250 fms., U.S. Fish Commission. Cedar
Keys, Florida, washed on the beach, dead, Hemphill.

This very abundant shell is remarkably uniform in its characters; the only
difference I have observed in examining several hundred specimens, from dif-
ferent places, is that some are a little more slender and cylindrical than others,
The tip of the larval nucleus is invariably lost, though a good part of the
larval shell is usually preserved.

The animal is pale brown (in alcohol), with large long tentacles, very black
well developed eyes, a broad short head, short rounded foot, and an externally
concave, red-brown, few-whorled circular operculum. The opercular lobe
appears to have several short processes on each side.

Cerithiopsis Sigsbeana Da tt.
Plate XX. Fig. 1.
Cerithiopsis * Sigsbeana Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 87, 1881.
Habitat. Station 5, 229 fms.; Station 20, 220 fms.

This is nearest C. Martensii, but the whorls do not overhang, and the arched
lamellz or incremental lines so prominent on the latter have no parallel in

a

-_—_

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 255

C. Sigsbeana, It is smaller and more cylindrical also, and the whorls are
much less marked off by the sutures.

Neither for this nor for the preceding species, C. erystallina, are the details
of sculpture satisfactorily rendered on the figures. But the difliculty of getting
a characteristic drawing of so minute an object from an unscientific artist is
very great.

Cerithiopsis matara n. s.

Shell pale brown, straight-sided, conical, with sixteen compact whorls.
Nucleus, beginning glassy, smooth, and saccular, in the second whorl becomes
strongly transversely ribbed and swollen; the next whorl is a little smaller
than the second, and takes on the normal characters of the shell; sculpture
consisting of two principal nodulated spirals with a smaller undulated thread
between them, and a still smaller waved thread in front of and marking the
suture; the transverse sculpture consists of concave waves (20-23) under
the spirals, which cross the whorls but are not conspicuous; base smooth
or radiately striate, somewhat concave, bounded by a small double keel of
two threads which are covered up in the suture; canal strong, short, wide,
twisted; aperture squarish, small; sides of the shell flattened, the sutures not
conspicuous. Max. lon. of shell, 9.75; of last whorl, 2.5; max. lat. of shell,
2.25 mm.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms.

This shell was found mixed with C. erystallina, from which it was easily
picked out, owing to its straighter sides, brown color, less rounded base, and
turban-like nucleus.

Cerithiopsis Martensii n. s.

Plate XX. Fig. 2.

Shell slender, thin, whitish, elongated, truncated, sharply but not strongly
sculptured; remaining whorls about thirteen in number; transverse sculpture
of well marked lines of growth curved backward, toward the middle of the
whorl, most strongly in the later whorls; also of (on the last whorl about
twenty-four) ill defined riblets extending across the whorl; spiral sculpture
composed of the usual anterior marginal thread, and two others of which the
anterior is the strongest; these rather poorly defined threads rise over the
transverse sculpture, but are rarely nodulous, though raised at the intersec-
tions; suture moderately distinct; base hardly flattened, with well marked
strie of growth, but no spiral ridges; canal short; aperture more rounded than
in the last species. Lon. of shell, 11.253; of last whorl, 3.0; lat. of last whorl,
2.75; of spire at truncation, 1.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 5, lat. 24° 15’ N., lon. 82° 13’ W., in 229 fms., bottom
temperature 49°.5. Gulf of Mexico, in 1181 fins, mud, a worn specimen,
U.S. Fish Commission.

256 BULLETIN OF THE

I take much pleasure in dedicating this neat little species, agreeing with no
other in the collection, to Dr. E. von Martens, the distinguished and erudite
conchologist of Berlin.

The character of the sculpture of this species is quite close to that of Cerithi-
ella metula, but that shell is proportionally less cylindrical, much wider, larger,
and stronger. Whether the more slender species will agree with Loven’s type
in their dentition remains to be seen. There is nothing in the shell of any of
them to separate them from Cerithiopsis.

Cerithiopsis acontium n.s.

Shell small, dark brown, columnar, with sixteen whorls beside the nucleus.
Whorls flattened, with three nodulous spirals, of which the middle one is most
prominent, crossing about twenty narrow straight transverse riblets, extending
from suture to suture; base marked by an untubercled keel which is buried in
the suture, remainder flattened-concave with radiating strie; canal short, re-
curved; aperture small, squarish, simple. Lon. of shell, 8.0; max. lat of shell,
1.4 mm.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms.

The specimen has lost the nucleus, which appears to have been styliform or
elongated. It recalls C. abrupta in the general features of color and sculpture,
but is immediately differentiable by its straight-sidedness, particular sculpture,
and different nucleus and base. The interstices and sutures are deep, the
base concave, and the canal very short but distinctly twisted. It would not be
a Metazia.

Section METAXIA MontTerosaro.
Cerithiopsis metaxe De tra Caisse.

Murex metaxa Della Chiaje, Mem., III. p. 222, pl. xlix. figs. 29-31, 1829.

Cerithiopsis metaxe Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., IV. p. 271; V. p. 217, pl. Ixxxi. fig. 4
(P. Z. S. 1885, p. 61, ex parte). Watson, Linn. Soc. Journ., XIX. p. 94, pl.
iv. figs. 10, 10 a, 1885.

This species, which inhabits the British Isles and extends thence to the Ca-
naries and the Mediterranean, was found by the Blake at Station 20, in 220
fms., and has recently been collected by the U.S. Fish Commission on the
coast of North Carolina, and by Hemphill at Key West in Florida.

Cerithiopsis metaxe var. tzeniolata Datu.

A very beautiful variety, if indeed it be not a distinct species, was obtained
at Stations 2612, 2615, and 2619 by the U.S. Fish Commission, off the Caro-
lina coast, in 15-52 fms.

In general it resembles the C. metaze, but the longitudinal ribs are stronger
than the spirals, — there are about a dozen of them as against twenty-five in

March 28, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. Zor

metaxe, — the shell is translucent white with a single narrow brown band appear-
ing in the interspaces between the ribs just in front of the suture; the whorls
are shorter, rounder, and less scalar than in C. metaxe, and the four nuclear
whorls are dark brown, forming a styliform dark tip to the shell, with a sudden
change to the normal color at the junction. The sculpture of the nucleus is
composed of concave transverse narrow ripples regularly and closely set, and
one or two peripheral fine lines, all of which it requires a good glass to observe.
In C. metaxe I find the elongated nucleus white and merging insensibly into
the rest of the shell, while in the present variety, which I propose to name
teniolata, the nucleus appears to be composed of a totally different sort of
shelly matter from the adult portion. The specimens average smaller and
more slender than C. metare of the same number of whorls, and the spirals
are rounder and the interspaces less channelled than in most specimens of that
shell.

In examining the specimen referred to by Dr. Jeffreys as presented to him
by De Stefanis from the Bay of Naples (P. Z. S. 1885, p. 61, line 18), I find
that it is an individual of the form called Bittium abruptum by Mr. Watson,
and another tip referred in the Jeffreys collection to “ C. angustissimum Forbes,
Jr.,” shows the characteristic apex of C. abruptum. It is from Tunis, and was
dredged by Captain Nares, in 50-100 fms.

Cerithiopsis abrupta Warsow.
Plate XX. Fig. 5.

Bittium abruptum Watson, Linn. Soc. Journ., XV. p. 119, 1880; Rep. Chall. Gastr.,
p. 551, pl. xli. fig. 4, 1885.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Gulf of Tunis, 50-100 fms., Nares. Gulf of
Naples (Stefanis), Jeffreys.

This closely resembles C. metarce, and is distinguishable by having a low
rather large nucleus of two whorls, which has at first a decollate appear-
ance. The shell is on the whole smaller and more slender than the genuine
C. metaxe, and has, in the specimens I have seen, one less spiral thread than
C. metaxe of the same size.

It seems to me, in the absence of any data as to the soft parts, that this
species is better placed next to C. metare than anywhere else.

Famity CERITHIIDZ.

The genus Bittium was mentioned in my Preliminary Report, but further
study and better material show that the supposed Bittium yucatecanum belongs
to Semper’s genus Mathilda. Of genuine Bittium within our region, Bittium
alternatum Say (as Turritella) is better known as B. nigrum Totten or Ce-
rithium Sayi Menke. This creature has a short contractile muzzle, and a
narrow, medially grooved, anteriorly truncate foot, like the true Cerithia to

VOL. XVIII. 17

258 BULLETIN OF THE

whose family it belongs. I have been somewhat surprised to find that all the
specimens in the National Museum belonging to this species come from be-
tween Cape Cod and Sandy Hook. All the specimens marked B. nigrum from
south of the harbor of New York, beginning with those from Crisfield, Md.,
are of another species, B. varium Pfr. The latter, rather small at the north,
southward grows larger as the climate becomes more congenial, and its variety
pallidum of Pfeiffer includes several later synonyms. It has been rather widely
distributed as B. gibberulum C. B. Adams, and belongs to the section Diastoma
of Deshayes.* Closely related to these shallow-notched Bittiums are the
Rissoa tervaricosa and (its variety) melanura of C. B. Adams, which have been
referred to Alaba. Whether congeneric with the original Alaba A. Adams,
I have not the material for determining; but they differ from Bittiwm in
having the notch nearly or quite obsolete, more delicate sculpture, and the
nucleus more slender and with more whorls. A. tervaricosa C. B. Adams is
found in South Florida and the Antilles. A typical specimen of A. melanura
differs only in having the nucleus dark colored, a variable character.

A. Adamsi Dall is a smaller species, opaque white with usually a brown tint
on the early whorls; an anteriorly rounded aperture; about nine rounded
whorls ; an acute nucleus and subreticulate sculpture, the spirals being stronger
than the transverse waves or threads. It is found from Hatteras southward; it
has few varices, an imperforate base, and not a trace of a notch or truncation
anteriorly. A still smaller form, A. cerithidioides Dall, is distributed through
abont the same range. It is much more elegant in appearance than the others,
though only three millimeters long and one and a quarter in diameter. The
shell has an acute nucleus of three and a body of seven whorls, which are trans-
lucent with delicate brown painting. The nucleus is pale and glassy; the early
whorls have one or two well marked peripheral threads, the later ones have
spiral threads in front of the periphery and on the base. The transverse sculp-
ture which crosses the whorls is composed of fine regular even elegantly con-
cavely arched riblets, to the number of at least thirty; these become obsolete
on the rounded base, and there is a minute chink or even a perforation behind
the pillar, and a patulous suggestion of a notch at the anterior margin of the
aperture. The shell suggests a minute Cerithidea which has not begun to form
its lip, and is one of the most elegant of our minute species. It has only one
faint varix.

The genus Mathilda, which might be placed in a variety of situations sys-
tematically, and which is to some extent recalled by these little shells, I have
placed provisionally next to the Turritellide.

A list of the species of Cerithium, positively identified as from this region,
from the collection of the National Museum, may be useful, omitting reference
to subdivisions and most of the synonyms.

We have our largest and most distinct American species in the C. floridanum

* Diastoma was considered a Rissoid by Deshayes. I cannot doubt its pertinence
to this group of Bittium, which can hardly be separated by the shell from Alaba.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 259

of Mérch, which extends its range from Cape Fear, North Carolina, to Cuba;
C. algicola C. B. Adams, is found from South Florida to Jamaica; C. uncinatum
Gmelin (j/ide Tryon), from the Florida Keys to the Bahamas and Eastern An-
tilles; it is frequently called atratum Born, and antillarum Dkr. C. eburneum
Brugiére extends throughout the Bahamas and Antilles; C. literatum Born, and
its variety semiferrugineum Lamarck, from Florida southward. C. muscarum
Say, inhabits the north shores of the Gulf of Mexico, West Florida, and south-
eastward to Jamaica; C. variabile C, B. Adams (+ C. ferrugineum Say, non
Brugiére, C. versicolor C. B. Adams, non Philippi, etc.), Florida and the An-
tilles. OC. minimum Gmelin (+ C. nigrescens, septemstriatum, etc.) I have not
seen from north of Florida, but it is common in the Antilles and on the Ba-
hamas. It has been reported from Georgia, but this remains unconfirmed,
though it reaches Venezuela. There is a species of Vertagus, like V. Kochit, in
the National collection, which was collected at Barbados in 1864 by Lieut. Fitz-
gerald. C. Rawsoni Krebs is a peculiar, nearly smooth, variegated species,
which looks remarkably like a small Buccinum hydrophanum. It is found in
the salt lagoons of the Bahamas. There are a number of other species, like
C. Sagre Orbigny, which are known to inhabit the Antilles, and a vast num-
ber of synonyms for the species I have already cited, but I refer only to species
which I have confirmed by satisfactory series of specimens to have come from
the region.

In Cerithidea there are five or six well marked species known from this re-
gion, and several doubtful species. C. costata Wood extends from West Flor-
ida to the island of Jamaica; C. scalariformis Say, from Georgia to Key West;
C. varicosa Sowerby has been received from Texas, Cuba, and Jamaica;
C. turrita Stearns, from West Florida and the Bahamas; C. tenuis Pfr., or
ambigua C. B, Adams, is a common species in the Bahamas lagoons, and has
been received from Jamaica. C. scalata Heilprin has been collected at Egmont
Key and Stump Pass, on the west coast of Florida, but it is not certain that
the specimens were recent. It was described as a Pliocene fossil from South
Florida.

Famiry VERMETIDZE.

Genus SILIQUARIA (Brucizre) LAMARCE.
Tenagodes Fischer, Tenagodus Guettard, etc.

As Guettard did not adopt the Linnean nomenclature, there is no occasion
for uprooting a name, like Siliguaria, which has been familiar to naturalists
for a century.

There are two species of this genus in the Antilles, which come from ‘deep
water, and one, S. ruber Schumacher, which appears to inhabit the shores, near
or not far from low-water mark. The latter species was not collected by the
Blake, but may be recognized by its slit, largely undulated so as to present the
appearance of a chain.

260 BULLETIN OF THE

Siliquaria squamata BuLAInvILLe.

Siliquaria squamata Blainv., Dict. Sci. Nat., XLIX. p. 218; Morch, Malak. Blatt.,
XXIV. p. 110, 1877.

Habitat. Off Havana, in 80-163 fms.; Barbados, 100 fms.; Stations 72 and
292, at Barbados, in 76 and 56 fms.; Station 127, off Santa Cruz, in 38 fms.;
and Station 203, near Martinique, in 76 fms.

These mollusks are said to live in sponges, but those above noted certainly
showed no signs of such a habitat. Only one specimen showed any signs of an-
nulation along the slit, and in that the appearance was confined to the part of
the slit near the apex, which had long been closed. The shell in perfect con-
dition should have nine squamous carine, the scales being vaulted or folded
into tubes, The most perfect spires I have seen showed no sign of a regularly
spiral nucleus. Some of the deep-water specimens are white and striated, the
scales nearly obsolete, and the shell extremely thin; but the ordinary form is
pale brown, darker along the edges of the slit, which always opens downward.
The soft parts had disappeared from all the specimens I have seen.

Siliquaria modesta Dat.
Plate XXVI. Fig. 4.

Siliquaria modesta Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 39, 1881. Agassiz, Three Cruises
of the Blake, II. p. 71, fig. 296, 1888.

Habitat. Off Havana, 80-150 fms.; Station 2, 805 fms.; Station 9, 125
fms.; Station 20, 220 fms.; Stations 132 and 136, near Santa Cruz, 115 to 508
fms.; Station 177, off Dominica, in 118 fms.; Station 206, near Martinique, in
170 fms.; Station 231, off St. Vincent, in 95 fms.; Station 241, in 163 fms.,
near Curacoa; Station 248, off Grenada, in 161 fms.; Station 276, at Barbados,
94-100 fms. ; Gulf of Mexico, in 163-169 fms., mud, U. S. Fish Comiission.
Total range, 94-805 fms., mud, sand, or coral bottom, with a bottom tempera-
ture of 40° to 65° F.

This species is always small and white, has only incremental sculpture, has
the slit usually annulated except at the anterior extremity, and shows no sign
of a regularly formed spiral nucleus.

Genus VERMICULARIA Lamarcg.
Vermicularia Lam., Prodr., p. 78, 1799; Systeme des An. s. Vert., p. 97, 1801.

The genus Vermetus of Adanson, not being proposed in Linnean nomencla-
ture, would have no claims to be retained had it not been emended and adopted
by other naturalists. If we are to adopt names proposed by naturalists who
did not use binomial nomenclature, there are other names for these shells pro-

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 261

posed by Grew, Lister, Klein, Browne, and others, anterior to that of Adanson.
However, not to go into the briery nomenclature of this group, it is sufficient
to say that the first scientifically to name the genus, and a type for it, was
Lamarck, in 1799. The Vermetus of early authors is generally an absolute
synonym of Lamarck’s Vermicularia, but more lately the name has been re-
tained to contain those Vermetide which have internal lamin projecting from
the sides of their tube.

The most common species of our coast belongs to the original group, for
which it served as a type.

Vermicularia lumbricalis Liynz.

Serpula lumbricalis Linn., S. N., p. 1266.
Vermicularia lumbricalis Lamarck, Prodr., p. 78, 1799; Syst., p. 97.
Vermetus lumbricalis Lamarck, An. s. Vert., VI. Part II. p. 225, 1822.

Habitat. Station 10, in 37 fms.; off Havana, in 175 fms., Sigsbee; Station
127, near Santa Cruz, in 38 fms.; Station 36, in 84 fms., Gulf of Mexico.
Northward to New England.

The turritelliform young of this species are distinguished by their peripheral
keel and brown color. The length of the regular part of the coil varies in
different individuals. The deep-water specimens are paler and less sculptured
than those from shallow water.

Vermicularia ? nigricans Dat.

Vermetus lumbricalis var. nigricans Dall, Hemphill’s Shells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus,
VI. p. 334, 1883.

? Vermetus irregularis var. Tryon, non Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, I. p. 235, pl. xvii. figs.
16, 18, 1842; nec Morch, P. Z. S. 1861.

? Vermetus varians var. Tryon, Man., VIII. p. 170, not of Orbigny.

Shell, when young, loosely and laxly coiled, except at the extreme tip; lon-
gitudinally irregularly ridged, circularly roughened with strong irregular incre-
mental lines. ‘The young are often irregularly reticulated from the two series
of lines. The older shell is nearly destitute of the longitudinal lines. The
aperture is smooth, sharp-edged, and circular. The interior is of a chestnut
ot blackish brown brilliantly polished. The exterior is rude, contorted, dark
or even reddish brown. The animal is of a dark purple brown, almost black,
with reddish dots. It is much like that of V. lumbricalis L. in general fea-
tures, but smaller in proportion to the smaller size of the shell. The operculum
is concave, externally smooth and smooth-edged, translucent, and of numerous
turns. Average length of adults, the contortions not included, about 100.0
mmni.; average diameter of aperture in the adult, 2.0mm. The operculum is
about 1.0 mm. in diameter.

Habitat. West Florida, 2-14 fms,

262 BULLETIN OF THE

This is the species forming the so-called “ wormrock” of West Florida, or at
least all of the “ wormrock” which I actually examined. It would seem to
belong in the same group with V. dumbricalis, but forms much more compact
masses, with the upper portions of the tubes parallel to each other and erect,
close together, recalling T'ubulipora. It forms masses which are really as dan-
gerous as coral reefs to boats navigating the shallow water in which they flour-
ish. I observed patches of twenty or thirty feet radius, with the top nearly
level and barely dry at ordinary low water. The same species is found in
deeper water, but there it is not combined in large colonies, but is clustered in
small bunches on stones and shells. The young is sculptured in a way very
similar to the two species of Orbigny above cited, and with which it has been
erroneously combined. Both these belong to the group with strong internal
lamin; on the other hand, the present species is apparently without lamine.

I have Petaloconchus irregularis Orbigny, from 27 {ms., sand, between the Mis-
sissippi delta and Cedar Keys, Florida. It is more prone than our species, the
lainine are extremely prominent except near the aperture, and there are three
of them. I do not believe it ever stands erect in large masses so as to form
“rock” comparable to that of V. nigricans, but I have found specimens en-
tangled with the V. nigricans in the small scattered bunches. The variations
in this group are immense. Many hundred specimens of V. nigricans which
I have examined are totally devoid of laminz; in a few, which in their en-
tanglement I cannot distinguish from the others (though they may be distinct),
I have thought I saw traces, near the apex, of a faint median ridge. However
this may be, it is just as well to have a specific name undeniably applicable
to our Floridian shell, and the others are in such a confused state that they
cannot be safely used. Of course, if it should prove that the faint lamina
mentioned is normally present in this species, and is of systematic importance,
V. nigricans would have to be referred to Vermetus proper, as used by Tryon
and Fischer.

Genus VERMETUS (Apanson) Morcu.

Subgenus PETALOCONCHUS Lea.

Vermetus (Petaloconchus) erectus DALtt.
Plate XXXVIII. Fig. 4.

Vermetus erectus Dall, in Agassiz, Three Cruises of the Blake, II. p. 71, fig. 297,
1888.

Nucleus smooth, milk-white, polished, bulimoid, two-whorled; when the
irregular growth commences the nucleus may be turned upside down or take
almost any other position, most appear to lie on their sides. Early part of the
shell prone, irregularly contorted; as the whorls lie, the normal sculpture
appears to be a single minutely undulated longitudinal ridge on the middle of

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 963

the back with a space either side, then four or five similar ridges, parallel,
close-set, and becoming obsolete as the tube begins to be erect. Between the
longitudinal ridges are, in fine, specimens, fine elevated transverse lire. The
sculpture is very variable in strength and often more or less obsolete. When
the tube begins to rise vertically it loses all its sculpture except irregular incre-
mental lines, and its calibre perceptibly diminishes. The color is yellowish or
grayish white. The height of the erect part is usually about an inch, and the
diameter of the aperture 1.75 mm. The greatest diameter of the same tube
(distortions apart) would be about 2.0 mm,

Internally, very near the apex, are two laming. The right one is large,
arched over with a thickened edge, the left one lower, thinner, and over-
shadowed by the other. Both are subtransparent, with opaque whitish streaks,
These lamine are however very irregular; they seem to be altogether absent
in some individuals, and are perhaps sexual. They are obsolete or nearly so
in most specimens, and I have had to break many before finding a single per-
fect example of these appendages. The animal is soft and whitish. I could
see no eyes or tentacles. The operculum was translucent, spiral, as large as
the aperture, with a smooth flexible edge, the outside concave and polished.
Owing to the fact that the last whorl of the operculum seems to cover up the
others with its inner edge except toward the centre, it is difficult to ascertain
the number of turns. Very few of the numerous specimens contained the
animals, many were occupied by parasitic sipunculoids, cheetopods of several
species, and even crustacea.

This species is usually nearly solitary, or but few individuals are associated
in the clusters obtained by the Blake.

Habitat. The Antilles, at Stations 2, 11, 32, 45, 139, 206, 208, 220, 247,
290, and 300, in 37 to 805 fms., on small solid objects, bottom temperature
from 40° to 71° F.

The species has not been found northward on the coast of the United
States.

Genus BIVONIA Gray.

This group is characterized, according to Tryon and other authors, by a
rudimentary operculum, an interior free from lamine, and a dorsal carina on
the shell. It much resembles the cases of some Annulosa, from which it is
distinguishable by its less calcareous more porcellanous shell, and usually by
its larger size.

In the absence of the soft parts, and with the nucleus lost from the speci-
mens in hand, I refer the following species to this group with some uncer-
tainty, and chiefly on account of the shell structure, which is certainly more
like that of Vermetus than any of the worm-shells known to me.

264 BULLETIN OF THE

Bivonia ? exserta DA tt.
Plate XXVI. Fig. 6.

Bivonia exserta Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 39, 1881.

Habitat. Station 20, 220 fms. Off Cape San Antonio, in 1002 fms. Bar-
bados, 100 fms. Off Cape Lookout, N. C., in 31 fms., sand, U. S. Fish
Comunission.

The figured type is young. The Fish Commission specimen shows that,
after the portion annulated like the figure is complete, the sculpture changes;
the dorsal carina becomes prominent and notched like the upper edge of an
alligator’s tail, and projects forward like a spine over the aperture. The rest
of the shell loses its sculpture, except incremental lines, the lateral caring

disappear, but are represented by short spines at the aperture. The shell is
of a greenish white.

Famity TURRITELLIDA.
Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck.

Section TORCULA Gray.

This group is composed of species which have the appearance of the tips of
Vermicularia before the latter begins to go astray. But the more timid Tor-
cula never gets its courage up to the point of departure into devious ways.
They are readily distinguished by the excavated appearance of the base and
the sinuous outer lip. There are three species on the southern coast of the
United States. One is very slender, nearly smooth, and much drawn out. I
have never seen more than fragments of it, which came from the coast of Texas
and of North Carolina, in 40-50 fms. The others follow in their order.

Turritella (Torcula) exoleta Linne.
Turritella exoleta Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. x., No. 561. Tryon, Man., VIII. p. 205, 1886.

Habitat. West of Florida, in 50 fms.; off Havana, in 80 fms. ; off Sombrero,
in 54 fins.; Station 152, in 122 fms., off St. Kitts; Station 247, in 170 fms.,
near Grenada. Coast of Texas and the Florida Keys, 45-80 fms., U. S. Nat.
Museum.

This pretty species is rather variable in sculpture at different ages and in
different individuals. The apical angle varies slightly, some specimens being
more slender than others. The nucleus is dextral and sculptured.

Turritella (Torcula) acropora n. s.

Nucleus white, polished, loosely coiled, small, with about two very rounded
whorls. Shell whitish, violet, or pale rose-color, with longitudinal flammules

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 265

©

of dark reddish brown, and light colored primary spiral threads articulated with
elongated distant brown spots. Whorls about filteen, those after the nucleus
with a distinct median keel and obscure suture, the later ones with less promi-
nent median or perhaps several indistinct keels; the last two whorls less closely
coiled in the adult, showing the posterior edge overhung by the preceding
whorl at the suture. Sculpture of primary and secondary spirals very close
set, the primaries flatter and polished above; the finer or secondary spirals very
fine; both have a tendency to articulation, and the epidermis in the interspaces
bridges over fine sharp incremental lines. Irregularities of growth sometimes
simulate faint longitudinal waves. Base similarly sculptured, slightly exca-
vated, bordered by a rounded not carinated edge; columella thin, arched;
outer lip thin, sinuous, subangulate anteriorly; aperture subquadrate, varying
with the sculpture and individual. Max. lon. of shell, 31.0; max. lat., 8.0 mm.

Habitat. West of Florida, 14-50 fms.; off Cape San Antonio, 413 fms. ;
off Sombrero, in 54 fms. Coast of North Carolina, near Hatteras, to the Gulf
of Mexico, Texas, and Yucatan, and the Antilles, in 3-73 fms., not living
deeper than 25 fms., U. 8. Fish Commission. Fossil in Florida Pliocene.

This interesting species is variable in color, and also in the form of the
whorls. Sometimes the latter are perfectly flat, at other times rounded. The
brown flammulz are occasionally absent. The striation appears very fine to
the naked eye. It is only under a magnifier that the separation into primary
and secondary spirals becomes evident. This fine striation will enable the
species to be recognized, whatever its color or form, which last, though variable,
is not remarkably so. This shell is sometimes bleached pure white, but I
have seen no white specimens which were fresh. It is, not rarely, of a delicate
rose or violet tint. That what appears to be so common a shell should have
gone unnamed until now would be singular, but it has probably been taken
by those who have collected it for the tip of a Vermicularia, or the young of
T. imbricata L. Complete and adult specimens are rare, fragments common.
I find nothing like it in the monographs.

Section HAUSTATOR Montrort.

Turritella (Haustator) yucatecana Da tt.
Plate XXVI. Fig. 3.
Turritella yucatecanum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 98, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

No other specimens of this interesting species have been received. Its
nearest relative would be T. pagoda Reeve, from New Zealand.

The only other species of this group, which is known from this region is
T. (Haustator) variegata Linné, of which the 7. imbricata is generally regarded
as merely a variety. It has been collected in Texas and the Antilles.

Mesalia caribea Orbigny is reported from the Antilles, and has been united
with AM. varia Kiener, of West Africa. I have never seen a specimen.

266 BULLETIN OF THE

Famity MATHILDIITDE.
Genus MATHILDA Semper.

In form these shells recall Bitttum and Turritella; they have a blunt apex
upon which the little heterostrophe Adeorbis-shaped nucleus is set on its edge,
and often on one side of the axis. The operculum is said to be multispiral and
externally concave, the soft parts are externally not unlike those of Turriella,
the dentition is unknown.

This group is represented abundantly in the Eocene Tertiary of the Paris
Basin. There are a few recent species widely distributed, of which two or
three are Mediterranean, and one has been described from the West Indies, by
Morch, under the name of M. trochlea. This is bicarinate, and measures only
2.0 mm. long by 0.5 mm. wide. |

In the subgenus Gegania Jeffreys the shell is more trochoid in form, and the
heterostrophe nucleus is sunken, showing only a small part of one of its whorls.
His supposition that it is dextral is erroneous, as his typical specimens show
plainly.

Mathilda yucatecana DALtt.
Plate XX. Fig. 7.
Bittium ? yucatecanum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 90, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. Also at U.S. Fish Commission Stations
2415, in 440 fms., sand, off the coast of Georgia, bottom temperature 45°.6 ;
and 2668, in 294 fms., gray sand, off Fernandina, Florida, temperature 46°.2 F.

Nearly all the species of this genus have a patulous extension of the anterior
part of the peristome resembling the obsolete notch of Bittiwm. The absence
of varices, and, when not decollate, the heterostrophe nucleus asymmetrically
set on edge, are distinctive characters. There are some features strongly sug-
gesting relations with Triptychus.

Mathilda (elegantissima var.?) barbadense DAtt.
Plate XXVI. Fig. 10.

Shell resembling M. elegantissima Costa, but proportionally more elongated,
with a nucleus only about one fourth as large as that of the Mediterranean
species; with the peripheral spiral so large and sharp compared with the others
as to carinate the whorls; and with the disk of the base covered with small
spirals and proportionally smaller. Shell brownish with seven whorls, exclu-
sive of the nucleus, the anterior edge of the peristome somewhat produced,
columella simple without any chink behind it. Max. lon. of shell, 6.2; of
last whorl, 2.7; max. lat. of shell, 2.6 mm.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms.

This is perhaps a variety of elegantissima, but I doubt their identity.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 267

Mathilda Rushii Datt.

Shell white, seven-whorled, with the transverse sculpture stronger and
sharper than the spirals; consisting of elevated thickish sharp-edged lamelleo
like those of some Scala, the edges of which rise above the whorl, and cross
it from the suture to the margin of the basal disk, the surface of which is
nearly smooth. The whorls are somewhat shouldered by an obscure spiral, in
front of which are three others; the space between the first and second is
slightly greater than that which separates the others. The spirals are indicated
rather by nodulation of the edges of the lamellae than by any positively raised
thread under them, except on the last whorl. Columella thin, arched, mouth
rounded, base flattened on the disk, imperforate, nucleus small, lucid. Max.
lon. of shell, 5.0; max. lat. of shell, 2.0 mm.

Habitat. Bed of the Gulf Stream, in 351-465 fms., Florida Straits, Dr.
W. H. Rush, U.S. N. Also off Fernandina, in 294 fms., sand, temperature
469.3, U. S. Fish Commission.

This pretty little species has a particularly sharp-edged surface, recalling the
lamin on the surface of a file. It looks very much like an Acrilla, except
for the nucleus and the subangular aperture. Some specimens show one or
two old apertures, like varices, projecting above the other sculpture.

. Mathilda scitula Da t.

Shell light brown, eight-whorled, beside the nucleus, which is large, helicoid,
and of two or three whorls; including the carina of the basal disk there are
five spirals; counting forward from the suture on the last whorl, No. 1 is of
moderate size and nodulous; No. 2, very fine and undulated; No. 3, strongest
of all, and evenly nodulous; Nos. 4 and 5 are smaller, subequal, and nearer
each other than No. 4 is to No. 3; the basal disk is flattened-concave, with
curved radiating incremental lines, and fine spiral threads, of which one near
the pillar and one near the carina are larger than the others; the carina is
buried in the suture as the shell grows, above it the surface of the whorls
under the spirals is crossed by numerous strong narrow elevated lamella, the
interstices of the reticulation thus formed being deep and squarely cut. The
aperture is nearly square, except as modified by the sculpture; the peristome
is thin, the pillar thin, simple, and somewhat reflected. Max. lon. of shell,
5.25; of last whorl, 1.8; max. lat. of shell, 1.7 mm.

Habitat. Off Cape Hatteras, in 49-63 fms., sand, at U. 8S. Fish Commission
Stations 2595 and 2596, bottom temperature 75°.0 F.

This is more slender and elongated than either of the other species, and its
sculpture is different. It has a larger and more globular nucleus than M. bar-
badense or M. yucatecana, though both of these are larger shells. It is per-
haps most nearly related to M. sinensis Fischer, which it resembles in general
form though not in the minor details of sculpture. In M. scitula, sculpture
aside, the whorls are rounded and the sutures distinct; there is no trace of any
umbilicus.

268 BULLETIN OF THE

Subgenus GEGANIA Jrrrreys.
Gegania Jeffreysi Dat.

Shell white, four-whorled, with the nucleus immersed in the coil of the first
dextral whorl; sculpture like that of G. pinguis Jeffreys, reticulate, with three
or four strong spirals, as many finer intercalary ones, and numerous fine trans-
verse threads, strongest behind the periphery. Whorls full and rounded, suture
distinct; base a little flattened, with six or seven primary spirals; perforate;
the aperture rounded, effuse at the end of the straight thin slightly reflected
pillar; outer lip thin. Alt. of shell, 5.0; max. lat. of shell, 3.0 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2668, off Fernandina, Florida, in
294 fms., sand, temperature 46°.3 F.

This is proportionally more elevated and slender than G. pinguis, which
also has the umbilicus open when young. It is probably closed in both when
adult, the present specimen being not fully grown. G. pinguis also has the
whorls more angulate, the aperture more effuse in front, and is a larger and
frailer shell. Both suggest Tvrichotropis by the shell characters, except as to
the nucleus,

Famity SEGUENZIIDA.
Genus SEGUENZIA Jerrrrers.
Seguenzia Jeffreys, Proc. Roy. Soc. p. 200, 1876.
Seguenzia ionica Watson.

Seguenzia ionica Watson, Lin. Soc. Journ., XIV. p. 589, 1879; Dall, Bull. M. C. Z.,
IX. p. 48, 1881 ; Watson, Chall. Rep. Gastr., p. 107, pl. vii. fig. 3.

Habitat. Station 33, in 1568 fms.

Of the fragments referred to this species in 1881, one proves to belong to
B. alta Watson, and the other went to powder while being transferred from
one tube to another. There can be no doubt, however, as to the correct
identification of the last mentioned.

A specimen of S. trispinosa Watson was dredged by the U. S, Fish Commis-
sion in deep water off the east coast of the United States, south of Hatteras;
but the label showing the exact locality was unfortunately lost before the
bottle containing it reached my hands.

Seguenzia monocingulata Srecuenza.

Seguenzia monocingulata Seguenza, Bol. Com. Geol., VII. p. 188, May, 1876; Watson,
Chall. Rep. Gastr., p. 105, 1886.

Seguenzia formosa Jeffreys, Rep. Valorous Cruise, June 15, 1876, p. 200; Dall, Bull.
M. C. Z., IX. p. 47, 1881.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 269

Seguenzia formosa and var. nitida Verrill, Conn. Acad. Trans., VI. p. 186, pl. xxxi.
figs. 14, 14 a, 14b, May, 1884.
? Seguenzia eritima Verrill, loc. cit., VI. p. 189, pl. xxxi. fig. 15.

Habitat. Station 16, 292 fms.; Station 20, 220 fms.; Barbados, 100 fms.
Off the Florida coast, in 205 fms., Dr. Rush.

In examining the specimens of Seguenzia in the Jeffreys collection, including
types of Seguenza’s “ Trochocochlea monocingulata,” as well as specimens ob-
tained by the Blake and the U.S. Fish Commission at various points, I find
myself ina dilemma. Either each separate individual is to be regarded as a
species, or the variability of the shells is very great. Persistent study of the
specimens has convinced me that the latter is the true solution, and that the
most evident characters, such as the umbilicus (in some adult specimens) may
be present or absent; that the number of spiral threads, their strength and
sharpness on the basal disk, are entirely inconstant, and, while in the typical
formosa the ridge next to the suture is waved or granulate, in many it is per-
fectly plain.

It is for this reason, and having several specimens apparently intermediate
between the type and the form named eritima by Prof. Verrill, that I have
been led to suggest their identity, though I have not seen Prof. Verrill’s types.
In any case, his name would hold for a well marked variety.

Famity TRICHOTROPIDZ.

Genus TRICHOTROPIS Sowersy.

None of the typical forms of the genus are found in the tropics. The de-
gree of affinity which Mesostoma, Dolophanes, etc. bear to the original type of
the family yet remains to be determined.

Subgenus MESOSTOMA DesHayzs.

Mesostoma Desh., An.s. Vert. Bas. Paris, II. p. 416; 1st sp. M. pulchra Desh., loc.
cit., pl. xxviii. figs. 13-16, 1864. Eocene, Paris Basin.
¢ Cerithioderma Conrad, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., IV. p. 295; sole ex-

ample, C. prima Con., loc. cit., p. 295, pl. xlvii. fig. 80, Feb., 1860. Eocene,
Alabama.

It is impossible to say from Conrad’s figure whether his Cerithioderma is
identical with Mesostoma Deshayes, or not. There is nothing to separate the
two shells as far as the figures go, but Conrad in his diagnosis says of the canal,
“beak very short, narrow, recurved.” The last epithet will in no wise apply
to our shell, nor to Deshayes’s Mesostoma. I suspect it to be an error, notwith-
standing which I prefer not to adopt Conrad’s name, which has priority, with-
out inspecting his type if it be accessible.

270 BULLETIN OF THE

I have no doubt that the shell about to be described, and most if not all
of Deshayes’s Mesostoma species, belong to the family Trichotropide, though
hitherto placed elsewhere.

Mesostoma migrans Da tt.
Plate XXIX. Fig. 8.

Trichotropis migrans Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 71, 1881.

Habitat. Station 36, near Havana, 80 fms., Sigsbee,
So far only the original specimen has turned up, and that does not retain its
epidermis.

Genus? DOLOPHANES Gases.

Dolophanes Gabb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1872, p. 273; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.,
XV., Geol. St. Domingo, p. 234, 1873.

This genus was referred to the Struthiolarude by its author, a reference
which has been questioned by all those who have had occasion to refer to it
since. The occurrence of a specimen in the Blake dredgings, which, if not
identical with Gabb’s type is evidently closely related to it, enables me to
state that its proper position is probably in this family. Unhappily the oper-
culum and soft parts are wanting, so that I cannot confirm my opinion by ref-
erence to the details of its organization. I am inclined to believe that another
form, also represented in the Blake dredgings, is a representative of a shell
described as a Melanopsis by Guppy, which Gabb himself suspected to be
closely related to his Dolophanes melanioides. All these specimens are fresh,
but the slight traces of epidermis which they retain are not of the character of
the northern species of Trichotropis. Their variations are such that I am led
to believe all three may be merely mutations of one specific form. If this be
confirmed, the specific name of capula, given by Guppy, is the oldest. Whether
the differences are sufficient to constitute for Dolophanes a rank higher than
that of a mere section of the genus Trichotropis, a more thorough knowledge of
its characters is needed to determine.

Dolophanes (melanoides Gasp var.?) Gabbi Datr.
Plate XXIX. Fig. 7.

? Dolophanes melanoides Gabb, Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci. 1872, p. 278, pl. xi. fig. 7; Geol.
St. Domingo, p. 235, 1873.

Shell small, thin, white, (epidermis lost,) with rather acute turrited spire
and eight whorls; nucleus smooth, polished, somewhat inflated and turned a
little to one side; second turn also smooth, all the others strongly sculptured;

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. Zia

transverse sculpture of (on the sixth whorl twenty-six) uniform rounded riblets
which fail about the middle of the whorl, but appear from suture to suture
across the visible part of the earlier whorls; tabulated posteriorly, showing a
small nodule at the angle, slightly waved and oblique; lines of growth obso-
lete on the base but appearing as ruge on the siphonal fasciole; spiral sculp-
ture of very fine rounded raised threads, uniform and continuous over the
whole surface; aperture simple, slightly channelled in front; outer lip rounded,
thin, slightly produced in the middle; inner lip reflected, nearly covering the
umbilical chink, polished; a few particles of light yellow fugacious epidermis
visible in the chink. Lon. of shell, 9.0; of aperture, 3.75; max. lat. of shell,
4.0 mm,

Station 228, off St. Vincent, in 785 fms., sand and ooze, bottom temperature
39°.0 F. ? Miocene of Santo Domingo, Gabb.

This pretty and peculiar form is named in honor of the late W. M. Gabb, to
whom the generic name is due. I cannot be certain without a comparison of
specimens whether the present shell is the same as that described by Prof.
Gabb, or not. But the figure is so much like our shell that I can hardly doubt
they are very closely related, if not the same.

Dolophanes (melanoides var.?) columbella Dat.

Pleurotoma (Mangilia) columbella Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 60, 1881.
% Melanopsis capula Guppy, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XXII. p. 580, pl. xxvi. fig. 14,
1866. Gabb, St. Domingo, p. 255, 1873.

Habitat. Station 20, 220 fms.; off Havana, Sigsbee, 158 fms. ? Upper
Miocene, Cumana, Guppy.

Two specimens of this form are in the collection. Guppy’s specimen, from
the figure, was evidently deformed. These differ from it, due allowances being
made for deformity, in being narrower and in the narrow shoulder in front of
the suture.

The specimen originally serving as type of M. columbella is the roundest, and
the groove behind the siphonal fasciole is reduced to a mere chink. In the
Havana specimen the chink is considerably larger and the shoulder more prom-
inent. It seems to stand about one third of the way from D. colwmbella to
D. Gabi. I cannot be sure, with so little material, but I suspect this gap
might be filled up by a graduated series of specimens if we had material
enough.

Still, as the forms are not yet connected, and have already been named, it
seems best to leave them separate for the present.

272 BULLETIN OF THE

Famity FOSSARIDZ.

Genus FOSSARUS Pui irri.

The name Maravignia given by Aradas and Maggiore has been preferred by
some naturalists to that of Philippi, proposed in the same year. I have not
yet seen any evidence of priority of actual publication which should oblige us
to make this substitution. A name so universally adopted should not be
changed without absolutely conclusive evidence.

Of Fossarus properly speaking, two species, F. Orbignyi Fischer (F. sulcatus
Orbigny, non S. Wood) and F’. elegans Verrill (Ff. latericeus Verrill olim) are
known from the Antilles and the Eastern United States.

Isapis anomala C. B, Adams, was described from Jamaica. We have now
to add two small species, which seem to range from Florida to Cape Hatteras,
having been obtained off the coast of North Carolina, in less than 100 fms., by
the U.S Fish Commission. They appear to belong to the subgenus Gottoina
of A. Adams, which is described as imperforate, solid, and ornamented with
spiral sculpture. I have not seen a typical specimen of Gottoina, which, more-
over, has not been figured, so I refer these species to it on account of their ap-
parent relation to Fossarus and the description of Gottoina aforesaid.

Subgenus GOTTOINA Apams.
Gottoina bella n.s.
Plate XXVIII. Fig. 10.

Shell small, white, solid, shaped much like Litorina litorea, having four and
a half whorls and a minute glassy rounded nucleus. Radiating sculpture con-
sisting of fine incremental striz and occasional irregularities of growth. Spiral
sculpture of two sorts;— Ist, fine spiral grooving covering the’ whole shell
evenly and always present; 2d, strong spiral ridges, generally nine or ten on
the last whorl, but sometimes smaller and more numerous, sometimes partly
absent, sometimes so arranged as to tabulate the part of the whorl next the
suture, and almost invariably smaller and weaker as they approach the base
and the centre of the base. Suture distinct, not channelled; aperture simple,
nearly circular, but the outer margin of its thickened edge angulated at the
junction with the body; callus continuous; columella arched, with a small
chink, but no umbilicus behind it; this chink varies in size with different
specimens. Aperture oblique, its upper margin a little depressed. Alt. 3.5
mm.; max. diam. 3.5 mm.

Habitat. Sand Key, 15 fms.

This pretty little shell sometimes has the raised riblets reddish brown against
the waxen white of the rest. The nucleus is smaller and less elevated than in
Fossarus ambiguus, from which, by the way, Gould’s F. pusillus does not ap-
pear to differ specifically.

March 30, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. ota

I hesitated for some time as to whether this species should be described
where | have placed it, or under Cyclostrema. In the absence of the operculum
and of the soft parts, it is evident that the question as to its proper classifica-
tion can only be decided provisionally, and with due reserve.

Gottoina compacta n.s.
Plate XXVIII. Fig. 6.

Shell small, white, compact, elevated, spirally sculptured, of about four and
a half whorls including the nucleus; outline of the spire convex with hardly
any rounding in of the whorls toward the suture, which is nevertheless distinct
and finely channelled. Radiating sculpture none, lines of growth not visible;
spiral sculpture of fine, close, even, rounded threads, growing gradually smaller
from the suture forward; there is no secondary grooving; there are about
twenty-five threads on the last whorl, but they vary in number and strength
with the individual specimen; base full and rounded, imperforate; aperture
rounded, pointed behind, and the angle filled with callus; callus continuous,
thinnest on the columella. Alt. 2.3 mm.; max. diam. 2.0 mm.

Habitat. Off Havana, in 84 fms., Sigsbee. Off the coast of North Carolina,
U.S. Fish Commission, at Stations 2595, 2596, and 2612.

Famity SOLARIIDZE.
Genus FLUXINA DaAtt.
Fluzina Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 51, 1881.

Fluxina brunnea Da tt.
Plate XXII. Figs. 6, 6a.
Fluxina brunnea Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 52, 1881.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms.; Sigsbee, off Havana, in 80 fms.; both dead
specimens.

A careful examination of the nucleus in these specimens indicates that it is
sinistral and immersed as in other Solarwde.

An examination of the data relating to the section Episcynia Morch, which
has a dextral nucleus, leads to the impression that it does not belong in this
family, but perhaps near Adeorbis, or a Vitrinella like multicarinata; at least I
can discover no Solariid characters in figure or description.

Fluxina discula n.s.
Plate XXIII. Figs. 5, 6.
Shell small, whitish, polished, of about five whorls, the base of the immersed

nucleus looking exactly like a dextral nucleus; surface marked by the fine
VOL, XVIII, 18

274 BULLETIN OF THE

flexuous incremental lines, which do not interrupt the polish, and by faint oc-
casional indications of spirals; upper surface of the whorls concave near the
sutures, elsewhere flattened, so that the sutural junction is slightly elevated;
periphery sharply carinated, base moderately rounded, not impressed near the
carina; umbilicus moderate, scalar, its walls smooth and vertical; umbilical
margin carinate, an impressed line just outside the carina; aperture wide, mar-
gins thin, columella straight, a little thickened, a wash of callus on the body;
apparently little if any notch at the end of the umbilical carina. Max. diam.
6.5; min, diam. 5.5; alt. 3.0 mm.

Habitat. Off Dominica, at Station 180, in 982 fms., fine brown ooze, bottom
temperature 39°.7 F. |

This little shell differs from the type of the genus in its want of color, and its
scalar instead of funicular umbilicus. It resembles a smooth depressed Bast-
lissa in its general aspect, but is not nacreous, and the flexuosity of the margin
of the mouth is that of Fluxina rather than of Basilissa.

Dr. Paul Fischer has placed the Solariide in the Teenioglossate division of
the Gastropods, rather than with the Ptenoglossa. This arrangement seems
more satisfactory than the old one on several accounts, though the question is
beset with difficulties, chief among which is our ignorance of the real characters
of the great majority of mollusks, a fact which most systematists are only too
ready to overlook. In revealing the Tzenioglossate character of Seguenzia,
Prof. Verrill has done excellent service, though [ should be disposed to approx-
imate the family to which Seguenzia belongs to the Turritellide, rather than to
forms like Aporrhais. A short-conic partly nacreous Turritella would be very
close to Seguenzia, many species exhibiting similar flexuosities about the mar-
gin, while others, like Tachyrynchus, show traces of a canal, and still others
marginal sulci. There is no assemblage of species, however, if we include the
small trochiform tropical species which have been referred to so many groups
and mostly are not known positively to belong to any, which will better repay
thorough investigation than those forms which have been referred to the Sola-
ride. Until they have been so investigated, all our classification of them is
and will remain unsatisfactory and provisional.

Genus SOLARIUM Lamarck.

Solarium granulatum Lamarck.

Solarium granulatum Lam., An. s. Vert. (ed. Desh.), IX. p. 98. Sby., Thes. Solarium,
No. 8, figs. 1, 2.

Solarium nobile (Bolten) Hanley, Sby., Thes. Solarium, fig. 35, p. 230, No. 7, 1866.

Solarium verrucosum Philippi, Zeitschr. Malak., 1848, p. 72. Sby., Thes. Solarium,
fig. 35.

A single broken specimen was dredged off Sombrero, in 54 fms.
The East and West American forms differ very slightly. If the specimens

were found in the same waters, no one would think of distinguishing them by
different names,

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY 275

Solarium peracutum n. s.
Plate XXXIII. Figs. 2, 5.

Shell whitish or yellowish, thin, very depressed, conic, extremely sharply
keeled at the periphery; sculpture faint, base rounded, excavated just within
the periphery; umbilicus large, scalar, the walls in each whorl deeply concave,
bordered below by a very strong nodulous rib, terminating in a sulcus at the
base of the columella. Nucleus sinistral, immersed, whorls six or seven without
the nucleus; sculpture above consisting of numerous radiating somewhat flexu-
ous fine incremental lines crossed at the periphery by one strong flattened spiral
thread, nodulous on the earlier whorls and articulated faintly with yellowish
brown. Inside this is a much finer simple spiral, and within this again another
large one, also nodulous on the early whorls. Hence to the suture are four or
five smaller flattened spirals, uniform, but fainter on the later whorls and sepa-
rated by somewhat wider faintly but distinctly channelled interspaces. Periph-
ery of the shell brought to a thin but rounded carinal edge, which is however
about the sharpest of any known in the genus. Base sculptured by numerous
fine spirals, by strong but irregular radiations from the umbilical margin, which
is marked on its edge with about 22 strong nodules, and bordered by two grooves
enclosing a wider subnodulous spiral space, becoming less marked with age.
Columella short, thickened, with a sulcus at its base; basal margin thickened
near the sulcus; the remainder of the apertural margin thin and sharp, the
aperture itself almost triangular. Max. diameter of shell, 17.5; min. diam.,
15.0; altitude, 6.0 mm.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms.; Station 290, off Barbados, in 73 fms., coral
and shell, bottom temperature about 71°.0 F.; Station 128, off Frederikstadt,
in 180 fms., gray ooze, bottom temperature about 60°.0 F.

This species does not much resemble any of the living forms. It is most
like S. hemisphericum Seguenza, a fossil from the Tertiaries of Messina. This
has the same form, except that it is sub-excavated above near the periphery as
well as below. The details of sculpture differ considerably, but the incon-
spicuous character and slight prominence of the sculpture is much the same in
both. The fossil has a much smaller umbilicus, and the rib about it is feebly
marked, though the edge is nodulous,

Solarium Sigsbeei np. s.

Plate XXIII. Figs. 3, 3 a.

This shell was supposed at first to be the young of S. peracutum; further
study and comparison with young specimens of the same size show that, though
related, they are not identical. The sculpture is much more prominent and
granular, the whorls are more elevated and much less discoid. The details of
sculpture are also quite different, as will be seen by the figure. The color is
pale yellowish or waxen. Max. diameter of the shell figured, 5.5 mm.; alti-
tude, 2.3 mm.

276 BULLETIN OF THE

Habitat. Off Bahia Honda, Cuba, at Station 19, in 310 fms., one specimen.

The other recent species most like this is the S. borealis of Verrill, in which
the sculpture of the umbilical margin is wholly dissimilar, and quite faint in
comparison.

Genus OMALAXIS DEsHAYEs.

Omalaxis Deshayes, Encyc. Méth., Tabl., 1830. (Solarium bifrons Lamarck.)

Omaloxon (Desh. em.!) Agassiz, Nomenclator Zool., 1846.

Omalaxon (Agassiz em.) Herrmannsen, Ind. Gen., II. p. 144.

Omalalaxis (Desh.?) Herrmannsen, loc. cit., p. 144.

Bifrontia Deshayes, Encye. Méth., III. p. 659, 1832. Lam., Hist. An. s. Vert., LX.
p. 103.

Orbis Lea, Contr. to Geol., p. 128, 1833. (0. rotella, pl. iv. fig. 112.)

Discohelix Dunker, Pal., p. 132, 1849; Handb. Conch., p. 500.

Homalazxis (Desh. em.), Fischer, Manual, p. 715, 1886.

Homolaxon (as of Agassiz) Watson, Chall. Rep. Gastr., p. 187.

Not Omalaxis Tryon, Syst. Conch., II. p. 219 (? == Adeorbis).

The above partial list of synonymy gives a pretty fair idea of what happens
when authors take it upon themselves to modify generic names in the supposed
interest of grammatical accuracy. Unless there is a palpable typographical
error, or the form of the word is essentially incompatible (apart from its mean-
ing) with a Latiniform nomenclature, there is no sufficient reason for reforming
it. It is of no consequence whatever, that Omaluais is erroneously constructed.
It is of serious consequence that the nomenclature of biology should not be
burdened with eight or ten unnecessary synonyms,

Omalaxis is divided by Dr. Fischer. 0. zanclea Philippi, which has a
Torinia-like operculum, is placed under Torinia with the name of Pseudo-
malaaxis (possibly identical with Ilaira H. & A. Adams), while the original
name is kept for those having a simple thin operculum of many whorls. To
the latter group belongs the following species.

Omalaxis nobilis VERRILL.

Omalaxis nobilis Verrill, Third Cat. Moll., Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 423, pl. xliv.
fig. 12, 1886.

Habitat. Off Chesapeake Bay, Verrill, in 70 fms. Off Cuba, near Morro
Light, in 119-292 fms., Sigsbee; off Sand Key, in 128 fms.; at Barbados, in
103 fms.; and at Station 45, in 101 fms., Lat. 25° 33’ N., Lon. 84° 21’ W.,
bottom temperature about 62°.0 F.

This species should be compared with Bifrontia rochettina Michelotti of the
Italian Tertiaries, and with B. (Orbis) Pingelii Morch (Forst Tert.i Dan.,
p- 24, 1874) from the older sands of Copenhagen, but I have not the specimens
accessible for this purpose. The nucleus in OQ. nobilis is sinistral, as in other
members of the family, though some care is necessary to observe this, the plane
of the shell being verv uniform.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. Pa

Famiry? ADEORBID Zé.
Genus SEPARATISTA Gray.

Section HALOCERAS DAtt.

Separatista (Haloceras) cingulata (Verritt) Dax.

Cithna cingulata Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 184, pl. xxxii. fig. 7, May, 1884.

Habitat. Off Nantucket Shoals and George’s Bank, on the coast of New
England, and 120 miles 8. E. from Delaware Bay, in 906 to 1497 fms., sand
and mud, at U. S. Fish Commission Stations 2043, 2076, 2084, and 2733,
temperature 38°.0 F.

Cithna cingulata Verrill was described and figured from an immature
specimen, The adult shell has the form of Separatista, is flattened on the
upper surface of the whorls, and has a strongly bicarinate periphery, so
that the spire is scalar, ending in a dark brown dextral larval shell originally
furnished with a spirally fringed epidermis. This nucleus is smooth, but the
rest of the shell is strongly spirally grooved, and covered with a light rather
fugacious epidermis.

I was unable to extract the animal without destroying the only perfect speci-
men, but it was of a dark reddish color, and bore a very remarkable operculum
of a subtriangular shape not unlike that of Xenophora, but laterally elongated,
and at the small end of the triangle, which, in the retracted state, is close to
the columella, there is a small spiral portion of about 24 whorls. The general
outline is that of a half-open fan rising from a small circle. The exterior of
the operculum is roughly lamellose and of a dull brown, like the opereulum
of Buccinum, but less horny and thinner. The only operculum at all similar
which I remember is that of Atlanta, which, however, is ovate, smooth, pellucid,
and dextral. There are certain points about the shell and opercle which recall
Dolium and Persona. The shell is holostomate with the base prolonged at its
inner lower angle. The whorls are coiled almost as in Scala. The umbilicus
is small but deep. An examination of the type of Scparatista in the British
Museum shows that, so far as the shell is concerned, its earlier whorls are not
dissimilar to our shell. The latter has the last whorl not separated from its
predecessor, but I doubt if this character is of generic value. Delphinula laxa
Say, referred by Adams to this genus, is doubtless, as suggested by Say, a de-
formed Lunatia. In view of the conchological differences and our ignorance
of the operculum and soft parts of the original Separatista, I feel justified in
proposing a new sectional name for it, as it has nothing to do with Cithna
properly so called. For the future, then, it may be termed Separatista
(Haloceras) cingulata (Verr.) Dall.

278 BULLETIN OF THE

Genus ADEORBIS Woop.

Adeorbis supranitidus Woop.

Adeorbis supranitidus Wood, Cat. 1842; Crag. Moll., p. 187, pl. xv. figs. 5a, 5b, 1848.
Skenea trilix Bush, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 464, pl. xiv. figs. 7, 7a, 1885.

Adeorbis supranitidus var. Orbignyi Fiscuer.

Adeorbis Orbignyi Fischer, Journ. de Conchyl., VI. pp. 178, 286, 1857.
Omalazis ? lirata Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 529, 1882.
Skenea lirata Verrill, loc. cit., VI. p. 452; Bush, VI. p. 464, 1885.

Habitat. Station 23, off Bahia Honda, Cuba, in 193 fms. Eastern coast of
the United States from Florida to Cape Cod, U. 8. Fish Commission. Crag of
Britain, Wood. Norway, Lofoten Isl., G. O. Sars. Tangier Bay, Porcupine
Expedition. Cedar Keys, Florida, Hemphill.

This is a very interesting and variable little shell. The normal form figured
by Wood and Bush may be taken as the type, from which we have the follow-
ing divergent varieties: 1. With one or more of the carine missing, some-
times all. When the latter is the case, some fine spiral striae remain, and we
have A. striatus Wood. 2. The carine may be indefinitely multiplied; those
with numerous cinguli on the upper surface and the base normal are A. lirata
Verrill. Those where the base is also invaded are A. Orbignyi. A. Beaut
Fischer,* which is found in Florida, is a gigantic repetition of A. lirata, but they
can hardly be united.

Subgenus CLATHRELLA ReEctuvz.
Clathrella Recluz, Journ. de Conchyl., 1864, p. 251.

The difference between the animals described by Recluz shows that Cla-
thrella cannot belong to the same group as Fossarus, and a careful study of
F.. depressus Seguenza, fragilis O. Sars, reticulata S. Wood, and naticoides n. s.,
has nearly converted me to Dr. Jeffreys’s opinion that they are related to
Adeorbis, being elevated and turbinate forms of that group. Whether Phasi-
anema S. Wood is identical with Clathrella, or Fossarus, or Isapis, I do not
feel ready to decide, and leave that question open.

Clathrella naticoides n.s.

Shell minute, white, naticoid, recalling Lunatia heros in shape, but with
rounder whorls and deeper sutures; whorls four, the nucleus minute, inflated
and obliquely set, polished and glassy; remainder of the whorls of a greenish

* This is also named Cyclostrema bicarinatum by Guppy, Geol. Journ., XXII. 291,
1866.

———

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 279

opalescent white, with an unpolished surface; the earlier whorls show minute
Scala-like transverse ribbing, the later ones are smooth except for silky incre-
mental lines; last whorl much the largest; aperture rounded ovate, margin
simple, sharp; columella straight, forming the front edge of a very deep nar-
row vertically striated umbilicus; umbilicus with a strong serrate carina
which does not angulate the margin of the aperture. Alt. 2.75; max, diam.
2.50 mm.

Habitat. U. S. Fish Commission Station 2610, off the North Carolina
coast, in 22 fms., gravel, bottom temperature 79°.0 F.

This species is related to A. (C.) depressus Seguenza, but has not the beau-
tiful surface shagreening of that species and is rounder, fuller, and generally
more compact and naticiform.

Famity RISSOIDZE.
Genus RISSOA FREMINVILLE.

A vast number of small shells are included under this genus. Without
doubt a reasonable classification of them will render a separation into sub-
genera and sections advisable and convenient. But many of the attempts to do
this have been so bungling, and the naming of subordinate groups has been
carried to such an excess, as practically to oblige one who has not especially
studied the family either to select unguided from a chavs of names or to fall
back upon the original generic name. AsI have only two species from the
Blake collection to consider, I prefer the latter course. The arrangement
adopted by Mr. Watson in the Challenger Report is clear and rational; it is to
be hoped that the subject will be taken up by some conservative person, not
afraid of drudgery, and permanent order brought out of the present chaos,

Rissoa precipitata n. s.

Plate XIX. Fig. 1.

Shell conical, blunt, thin, translucent or milky-white, with four and a half
whorls; nuclear whorl and a half depressed, large, opaque white, smooth,
polished; remainder polished, transversely sculptured with about twenty-two
close-set well-defined ribs, extending from suture to suture, and on the last
whorl to the periphery, beyond which they become obsolete or merge into the
lines of growth; just before the suture is an impressed line or constriction, be-
hind which on the later whorls the ribs are nodulous; near the periphery the
shell is marked by more or less distinct grooves, and where the intercalary
ridges are intersected by the ribs there is often a slight nodulation; these
grooves and approximately equal ridges between them are evident over most of
the rounded base; aperture rounded in front, angulated behind; pillar with a
slight callus and an (accidental?) minute perforation behind it; outer lip thin,

280 BULLETIN OF THE

simple; suture distinct, not deep. Lon. of shell, 4.0; of last whorl, 3.0; of
aperture, 1.8; max. lat. of shell, 2.5 mm.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 670 fms., one dead specimen.

This form is related to R. xanthias and pyrrhias of Watson, from both of
which it differs in its white and unsculptured depressed nucleus, as well as in
the fine and close character of its sculpture, its larger size, and relatively
thinner shell.

The shell is not umbilicated when adult, but either the young shell differs
in this character, or there is a variety of the species which has a well marked
umbilical furrow behind the outer lp, and wants the spiral grooving on the
base, though agreeing with the type in other respects. A not quite mature
shell of this description was dredged by Dr. Rush in 498 fms., off Gun Cay, in
the path of the Gulf Stream.

Rissoa (xanthias Warson var.?) acuticostata Datt.
Plate XIX. Fig. 10.

Rissoa xanthias Watson, Challenger Gastr., p. 588, pl. xliv. fig. 5, 1885.

This form has a yellow nucleus of three whorls regularly conical, and with

the last whorl finely spirally grooved and crossed by fine elevated incremental
lines. The adult has strong sculpture, fourteen very sharp suturally tuber-
culated ribs; the whorls spirally minutely striate, with three to five or more
stronger threads before the periphery, no umbilicus, and a strong varical rib.
Alt. 3.7; lat. 210.mm.,

Habitat. Off Cape San Antonio, in 640 fms.; Barbados, 100 fms.; Station
20, Gulf of Mexico, in 220 fms. Also at U.S. Fish Commission Station 2117,
off Hatteras, N. C., in 683 fms., mud; and Station 2387, in 32 fms., sand, Gulf
of Mexico, between the Mississippi delta and Cedar Keys.

Were I convinced that the characters of the nucleus are invariable in this
group, I should not hesitate to regard this as a new species. As I strongly sus-
pect they vary, as do the characters of the adult shell, and I have not sufficient
material to decide that point, I prefer for the present to regard this as a variety
of Mr. Watson’s species, from which its apical portion differs in a marked
manner.

Among the other species of this genus which have been found in déep water
off our coast are R. pelagica Stm. (carinata Mighels non Da Costa nec Phi-
lippi); a form not named, extremely like R. (Setia) australis Watson ; another,
R. arenaria Mighels, extremely close to R. castanea Moller; R. tenuisculpta

Wats. ; R. deliciosa Jeffreys; R. pyrrhias and xanthias Watson; R. Jan-mayeni .

Friele, and its smooth variety R. brychia Verrill; R. syngenes, leptalea, wpicina,
Sandersoni, and harpa of Verrill; R. areolata Stm.; Rk. turgida? Jeffreys, and
R. (Cingula) aculeus Gould.

The proper classification and confirmation of these species must await a larger
supply of fresh material, and a thorough revision of the whole group.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 281

Genus RISSOINA Orpieny.

Of this group, so abundant in moderate depths in the West Indies, only a
few were collected by the Blake, and these were doubtless adventitious, and
were never found living in the region of deep water below the zone of corals.

Rissoina levigata C. B. Apams.
Rissoina levigata C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch., p. 114, 1850.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Northward to the Carolina coast, in 15-22
fms., U. S, Fish Commission. .

Rissoina albida C. B. Apams.
Rissoina albida C. B. Adams, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1845, p. 6.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms, Utilla Island, Honduras, Simpson.

Rissoina decussata Monracv.
Turbo decussatus Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 399, 1803.

Habitat. Florida, Hemphill. Near Cape Fear, N. C., in 17 fms., sand, at
Station 2617, U. S. Fish Commission.

Not obtained by the Blake. This is R. striosa C. B. Adams, and R. striato-
costata Orbigny.

Rissoina Chesnelii Micnavp.
Rissoa Chesnelii Mich., Descr. Gen. Rissoa, p. 15, figs. 23, 24.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Florida (Rush and Hemphill) northward to
North Carolina, U. S. Fish Commission.

This is R. Catesbyana Orbigny, and R. scalarella C. B. Adams.

Other species reaching the coast of the United States are R. bryerea Montagu
(+ scularoides Ad.); R. multicostata C. B. Adams; and R. cancellata Philippi
(+ pulchra Ad., and Philippiana Pfr.); all of which reach the Florida Keys,
while R. Scgraiana Orbigny will probably be added to the list, as it is known
from Cuba and is in the National Museum from Vera Cruz, Mexico.

Genus BENTHONELLA Datu.

Shell shaped like Niso, but without peripheral or umbilical keels; umbil-
icated; with a regular dextral nucleus of several whorls, of a different color
and texture from the succeeding growth; early whorls often slightly trans-

282 BULLETIN OF THE

versely ribbed, but, in general, there is no sculpture or but little; peristome
slightly reflexed, rounded in front, simple, sharp, not continuous over the
body. Surface brilliantly polished and apparently without epidermis.

This group is instituted to contain a few species which I cannot find any
place for in existing groups. The soft parts are unfortunately unknown. If
Verrill’s Cingula apicina should belong here, as seems possible, the animal
would be blind and the operculum paucispiral ; but the nucleus of that species
is styliform while in all ours it is trochiform, and I do not feel confident that
they belong together. There are several of the deep-water Rissow which have
a small brown trochiform nucleus, somewhat like the present group; but there
is little which can be depended upon in the general character of the larval
shell to determine generic or even specific affinities, in the absence of other
confirmatory evidence, as a student soon finds out who examines into the mat-
ter thoroughly. But neither in Aclis, nor in any of the Hulimide, have I so
far discovered any such discrepancy between the material and color of the nu-
cleus and the rest of the shell as is here presented. All the species are very
thin.

Benthonella gazan.s.

Shell elongated, glistening opaque white, extremely thin, with two anda
half larval and five later whorls. Nucleus trochiform, brown, polished, with a
single carina above the periphery; other whorls full, rounded, the earlier ones

marked with a few faint flexuous transverse waves, the rest with only lines of
growth. The whorls are full and rounded, the suture distinct; base full,
rounded, with a small umbilicus, in front of which is reflected the thin inner
lip; aperture rounded, lip slightly reflected, not thickened. Lon. of shell, 6.5;
of last whorl, 3.6; max. lat. of shell, 3.5 mm.

Habitat. Station 2352, west of Cuba, in 463 fms., coral, U. S. Fish Com-
mission.

This species may be regarded as the type. Its polished white rounded
simple whorls and brown tip present an elegant appearance.

Benthonella Fischeri n. s.

Shell resembling the last, but shorter and more trochiform and with a smaller
umbilicus. Nucleus of three brown polished whorls, rather flattened on the
apex, and smooth or with two faint carinz, the lower one against the suture,
the other behind the periphery; subsequent whorls four or five, rapidly enlar-
ging, smooth, polished, inflated, with a few small transverse waves behind the
suture in some specimens; in the early whorls these waves do not extend back
from the suture more than half the width of the whorl, and in other specimens
are absent; incremental lines which do not affect the polish of the surface are
the only other sculpture; base full and rounded; umbilicus minute, partly
but not wholly covered by the reflected inner lip; peristome thin, sharp, broken

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 283

in all the specimens. Max. lon. of shell, 5.3; of last whorl, 3:2; max. lat. of
shell, 3.25 mm.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, in 940 fins., mud, bottom temperature 39°.6 F.,
at U.S. Fish Commission Station 2384, between the delta of the Mississippi
and Cedar Keys, Florida,

This shell, though shorter and wider, evidently belongs with the last. It is
named in honor of Dr. Paul Fischer, whose admirable Manual is so useful, and
in fact indispensable, to all students of mollusks.

Benthonella nisonis n. s.

Shell waxen white, with a (slightly damaged) brown nucleus of (more than
two) dark polished whorls and eight adult whorls succeeding the larval ones.
The shell is almost exactly the shape of a Niso, and if the nucleus were gone
would seem to need only the keels to make it one. The whorls are less rounded
than in the preceding species, the suture is distinct and slightly appressed.
There is no sculpture except that occasionally an emphatic incremental incised
line indicates a previous resting stage. Base full and rounded; umbilicus
small; aperture beautifully rounded in front, peristome thin, discontinuous,
slightly reflected, especially at the inner lip, which is arcuated. Max. lon. of
shell, 9.0; of last whorl, 4.6; max. lat., 4.0 mm.

Habitat. With the last, in 940 fms. muddy bottom.

This shell remarkably resembles a Niso without keels, and I should not
hesitate so to refer it were it not for the nucleus. The figure of Aclis lata
(Plate XVIII. Fig. 8), if the differences of dimension be taken into account,
would pretty fairly represent this shell.

Famity CALYPTRAIDZ.

Genus MITRULARIA ScHuMACHER.

Mitrularia Schumacher, Essai, pp. 56, 183, 1817.
Calyptrea Lamarck, 1801; not of Lamarck, 1799.

Mitrularia equestris Liynet.
Mitrularia Neptuni Schumacher, loc. cit.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms, Gulf of Mexico; Station 32, in 95 fms.:
Station 155, near Montserrat, in 88 fms.; and Station 273, near Barbados, 103
fms. Northward to Cape Hatteras, in 15-34 fms., U. S. Fish Commission.

This group seems to me decidedly nearer Crucibulum, etc., than to Amal-
thea, notwithstanding it occasionally secretes a shelly pedestal.

284 BULLETIN OF THE

Genus CRUCIBULUM ScuumacnHer.
Crucibulum auricula GmeLin.

Patella auricula Gmelin, Dillwyn’s Cat., II. p. 1017, 1817.
Crucibulum planatum Schumacher, Essai, p. 182, 1817.

Habitat. Off Sombrero, in 54 fms. Gulf of Mexico, U.S. Fish Commission,

The above is the first specific name in binomial form, and it was applied
to the West Indian shell. It should, therefore, take precedence of all others,
including that of Gray adopted by Tryon.

Section DISPOTEA Say.
Crucibulum striatum Say.

Habitat. Northward from Vera Cruz, Mexico, and the Antilles, to Grand
Manan Island, Bay of Fundy. Off Sand Key, Florida, in 128 fms.

Genus CALYPTRZEA LAMARCK.

Calyptrea Lamarck, Essai, p. 78, 1799 (not of Syst., 1801).
Galerus Humphrey, Mus. Calonnianum, p. 5, 1797 (undescribed).

Calyptrea Candeana Orzieny.

Infundibulum Candeanum Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, II. p. 190, pl. xxiv. figs. 28, 29, 1842.
Galerus Candeanus Dall, Hemphill’s Shells, p. 335, 1883.
Galerus parvulus Dunker, Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1875, p. 244.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, dead, in 640 fms. Province of St. Catherine,
Brazil, northward to the Antilles, Florida, and the coast of North Carolina,
living, in 12-50 fms.

This species appears never to attain a greatest diameter of over 12.0 mm.;
most of the specimens I have seen are less than half this diameter. It is more
elevated than C. chinensis and the spirality is more conspicuous, while there
are numerous strong incremental lines, and an absence of the pustules charac-
teristic of the European species.

Genus CREPIDULA LAMARCK.

Crepidula Lam., Essai, p. 78, 1799.
Proscenula Perry, Conch., pl. liii. and expl. text, 1811.
In most manuals and books of reference the animals of this family are said
to protect their eggs “ under the foot” while developing. I have examined
Crucibulum imbricatum and Calyptrea conica Broderip, as well as Crepidula

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 285

(Sandalium) aculeata Gmelin and C. adunca Sowerby, all of which agree very
fairly in general characters, The foot is rather small, with a thin front edge ;
the neck and muzzle are long, thin, narrow, and vertically compressed, with
short stout tentacles, with the eyes about midway from their outer bases
toward the tips; behind the right tentacle, and just above the epipodial line,
is the slender cylindrical verge, in the malz ; this organ is sometimes as long
as the tentacle, sometimes only half as long, but always more slender, On each
side of the neck is a broad thin lamina, extending back to the junction of the
neck and foot. This is epipodial in origin, and usually flat or slightly puck-
ered by the alcohol. When the eggs are deposited, they appear in irregular
groups, enclosed in pedunculated gelatinous masses (C'repidula adunca), or in
a single large gelatinous mass. At this time the epipodial lamina on each side
becomes enlarged, puffed up like a hood or dome, between its outer margin
and the neck, while the corners of the foot project, each in a large thin lingui-
form flat process. The inner edges of these processes overlap, and form a floor,
which is roofed in by the neck with its exaggerated lateral pouches on each
side. In this shelter the egg masses are protected (C. adunca) until the young
are hatched. There is some variation of details in different species, but in
general the process is about the same, at least in all I have examined.

The gills in this family are much more like Pelecypod gills than are those
of most Gastropods. The lamine are long, almost filamentous, and sustained
by chitinous rods. Their tips are slightly enlarged and opaque whitish, while
the rest is translucent. The osphradium, like small short-laminated gill, is
situated by the side of the ctenidium.

Section JANACUS Morcu.
Crepidula protea Orsieny.

Crepidula protea Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, II. 192, pl. xxiv. figs. 80-383, 1842; Dall,
Bull. M. C. Z., EX. p. 80, 1881.

Habitat. Off Havana, at several stations, varying in depth from 80 to 450
fathoms.

This is probably identical with C. unguiformis Lam.

Section SANDALIUM Scuumacuer.

In adopting the name Crepidula of Lamarck, Schumacher divided the group
into two genera, each of which contains two sections, in this manner: —
Genus X. Sandalium Schumacher.
Section a, type Patella porcellana Lin. (= Crepidula 8. 8.)
Section B, type Patella aculeata Chemn.
Genus XI. Trochita Schumacher.
Section a, type Patella chinensis Lin. (= Calyptrea Lam., 1799).
Section B, type Patella trochiformis Gmel.

286 BULLETIN OF THE

It is evident from the above table that the two previously unnamed sections
should bear the names applied by Schumacher, instead of those given to the
same things at a later time. Thus the section of Crepidula, called Crypta
(Gray) by Dr. Fischer in his Manual, should take the name of Sandalium
if the section is to be retained; and the Trochatella of Lesson (1830, not of
Swainson, 1840) must give way to Trochita of Schumacher. In this way only
can the rules of nomenclature be satisfied, even if it were not due to the very
remarkable ability shown in his system by Schumacher. He was by far the
most clear-headed of the early conchological systematists except Lamarck. The
reference of this group to the Infundibulum of Montfort by several naturalists
is an error. Montfort would doubtless have referred a Trochita to his genus
Infundibulum ; hut his type, distinctly figured and unmistakable, is no T'rochita,
as he recognizes in his remarks, but the shell called Carinidea by Swainson,
as Dr. Fischer has correctly stated (Manual, p. 817).

Crepidula (Sandalium) aculeata Game in.
C. aculeata Gmelin, Tryon, Man., VIII. p. 129, pl. xxxix. figs. 61-65, 1886.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, near the Tortugas, at Station 44, in 539 fms.,
bottom temperature 39°.5 F.

One living but dwarfed and white specimen was found at the above depth.
The species extends to Cape Hatteras in a northerly direction, and is abundant
below tides on the Florida Keys. It is common in the Southern Pliocene.

Beside the above, Crepidula convexa Say and C. fornicata Linné enter this
region from the north; though I have seen no typical fornicata except from
the mainland, the variety C. navicula Dunker replacing it among the islands.
C. glauca Say is only a particular form of juvenile C. fornicata, There are
innumerable synonyms.

Famity CAPULID.2.
Genus CAPULUS MontTrort.

An investigation of the literature in regard to this genus shows how little is
known in regard to some of the commonest mollusks, and how necessary to
a proper understanding of their relations is a reliable account of their most
prominent anatomical features.

In nearly all manuals or works relating to this genus we find the type spe-
cies C’. hungaricus Linné represented as having the ‘“ rostrum lengthened”
(Tryon), “mufle allongé” (Fischer), “head broad and thick with produced
lips so as to make the extremity of the muzzle appear cloven” (Jeffreys), and
“head snout-like” or with “ extensile snout” (Jeffreys). In 1858 Bretherton
stated in the Zodlogist, that “the proboscis or rostrum (like that of Cyprea it
appears to be of an intermediate character) is capable of extension, and can be

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 287

produced beyond the shell.” Troschel states (Gebiss der Schnecken, I. p. 161,
1863) that the external mouth parts exhibit ‘ein vorstehender riisselformiger
Theil” which cannot be retracted and extended, and is not a true proboscis,
He compares it to an elongated lower lip, and states that it is fissured on the
upper side lengthways with a deep incision. Lastly, Gray, in Mrs. Gray’s Fig-
ures of Molluscous Animals (Vol. III. pl. eclxviii. figs, 12 a, 12 b, from a manu-
script sketch by Curtis, cf. Vol. IV. p. 83, 1859), shows a long slender pointed
proboscis or tubular unforked organ, protruding from between the tentacles to
a distance equal to the whole length of the animal behind the head. Troschel
could find no jaws; another authority states that the jaws are rudimentary,

A small specimen of C. hungaricus, taken by the Fish Commission off
Martha’s Vineyard in 458 fms., has a bilobed muzzle so short and retracted
by the alcohol as to be hardly more than a gash in the median line between
the tentacles, The figures given by Jeffreys, Forbes and Hanley, etc., which
have been copied by Tryon and others, show a moderately extended bilobed
muzzle, in no respect resembling Curtis’s sketch. What is the explanation of
these discrepancies? Simply that, in opposition to the old statements, by
whomsoever made, this animal has a long retractile proboscis, which can be
completely exserted so that it shows no line of division between it and the
head; this is pulled in by the tip, and when nearly retracted its sides near the
base resemble a muzzle vertically cleft, as there is on each side under the skin
a sort of nearly cartilaginous buttress more solid than the proboscis, and which
projects when the latter is withdrawn. These buttresses, however, contract
strongly in alcohol, and then of the oral aperture only a vertical slit is visible
between the tentacles. In the Rhachiglossa the proboscis is pulled in by the
base, in this group retracted by the tip; in Cyprea it is usually rather short,
in Capulus it is very long, its distal half. split on the upper side, so that it can
be expanded into a sort of plaque, which, I imagine, in life could envelop any
small soft thing, so that the Capulus could smother it and suck up its juices at
leisure, much as a starfish envelops a young oyster by projecting the mem-
branes of its stomach out of its mouth and about the victim.

I regard the group as forming a family with the following characters: —

Shell patelliform, without internal processes; the nucleus spiral, posteriorly
directed; the muscular impression horseshoe-shaped ; the mentum prolonged
for use as an oviphorus; the gill composed of lamine, each basally attached to
the under side of the dome of the mantle over the head and proceeding from
left to right; the proboscis long, retractile from the tip, split above and ex-
panded at the distal extremity; foot not secreting any shelly base; young
undergoing all larval changes within the ovicapsule.

In regard to the species mentioned in Tryon’s Monograph of the group, it
may be added that Hipponyx Danieli Crosse is almost certainly Patella calyptra
of Martyn, described in the last century. A magnificent specimen from the
Fiji Islands is in the National Museum. It is a Capulus, and not a Hipponyz.
Hipponyzx crystallinus (Gould) Tryon is a Thyca, and should be transferred to
Capulus, where Gould originally placed it. It lives parasitic on starfishes,

288 BULLETIN OF THE

Section KREBSIA Morca.

Capulus intortus Lamarck.
Capulus intortus Lamarck, Orb., Moll. Cuba, I. p. 186, pl. xxiv. figs. 22, 23, 1842.

This species was dredged by the Blake at Station 5, in the Gulf of Mexico,
in 229 fms. The Fish Commission has obtained it off Hatteras, in 63-107
fms., sand, at Stations 2595 and 2601; and it was collected by Hemphill on
the reefs at Key West. It is also in the Museum from the Bahamas Banks
and Barbados. The deep-water specimens were all dead.

Section HYALORISIA Datt.

Capulus galea n. s.

Plate XIV. Fig. 3.

Shell thin, white, ovate, depressed, with a fine thin nearly smooth yellowish
epidermis which projects beyond the margin. The apex is nearly medially
placed, and extends but little behind the margin. The whole shell comprises
about two whorls, of which the nucleus comprises one and a half; it is very
small, dextral, and obliquely set; the exterior of the shell is smooth, almost
polished, with fine concentric little-elevated lines and faint radiating striz;
margin thin, aperture ovate; interior polished, white; the muscular impression
faint, extending well forward; in front of the nucleus and nearly on a level
with it is a narrow arched lamina, horizontal, its greatest width about 1.0 mm.
in the median line; the distance in a straight line between the ends of the are
is about 8.0mm.; the cavity of the shell extends above this lamina and behind
it into the narrower part of the spire. Max. lon. of shell, 18.5; max. lat., 15.5;
alt., 5.5 mm.

Habitat. Station 275, near Barbados, in 218 fms., sand, bottom temperature
52°.5 F.

Soft parts: foot originally rounded and somewhat pointed behind, squared
off and narrower in front; mentum large, thin, smooth-edged, extending be-
yond the foot; head large, swollen; tentacles subulate, eye pedicels present
but destitute of pigment or eyes; excretory papille in the sinus over the
head, on the right side; gill lamine numerous, large; proboscis long, slender,
split above and expanded near the tip; mantle edge smooth or not papillose;
no epipodial filaments behind the foot; body conical, the upper part crammed
with unextruded ova of a yellowish buff color. Not wishing to destroy the
beautiful exhibition of its proboscis made by this specimen, I have refrained
from dissecting it.

The lamina above described is not an independent formation, like the deck
of a Crepidula, which to some extent it recalls at first sight, but rather a sort
of fold of the shell under the apex, the like of which I have observed in

April 10, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 289

C. hungaricus on some occasions, and sometimes in specimens of Hipponyz.
It may be a purely individual character, but is very regular, and therefore has
been fully described.

This species recalls the C. obliquus of the Crag, and some of the species called
Brocchia from the Italian Tertiaries. Brocchia is always stated to be sinistral,
and the spire viewed from behind is certainly twisted to the left of a vertical
plane more than usual; but I have yet to see a single specimen in which there
is a sinistral nucleus, or any genuine sinistrorsity of the rest of the shell.
Possibly such may exist, but I doubt it.

Famity AMALTHEIDE.
Genus AMALTHEA Scuumacuer.

Amalthea Schum., Essai, pp. 56, 181, pl. xxi. fig. 4, 1817.
Hipponyx Defrance, Bull. des Sciences, p. 9, 1819.

Amalthea benthophila n. s.

Plate XIV. Fig. la-b.

Shell stout, white, smooth, with a smooth straw-colored epidermis and a
coil of about two whorls; apex elevated, nucleus glassy, rather large, of about
one whorl; surface smooth, often polished, showing only irregularities due to
growth and a few microscopic spiral scratches; aperture subcircular, interior
white, glossy ; basal plate sometimes quite thin, as when the mollusk is seated
on a flat stone or another Amalthea, or quite thick, as when it roosts ona
Cidaris spine. It is marked with two diverging impressions corresponding to
the position of the adductors. Lat. of aperture, 8.0; lon. of aperture, 8.0;
alt., 6.0 mm.

Habitat. Off Sand Key, dead, in 50 fms.; Station 146, off St. Kitts, in 245
fms., on flat stone; Station 150, near Nevis, in 373 fms., on shells; Station
167, near Guadelupe, in 175 fms., on spines of Echini; Station 206, off Mar-
tinique, in 170 fms., on Echinus spines; Station 223, off St. Vincent, 146 fms.,
on shells. Bottom temperatures 45° to 55° F.

This species by its smooth surface is easily distinguished from any other.
The irregularities of the Echinus spines are not reproduced on the surface of
the shell, as its pedestal, secreted by the foot, covers all such inequalities. I
cannot help doubting if there is any such connection between the base and the
adductors as exists between the latter and the shell. The irregularities of the
specimens living on a smooth surface indicate that they are not absolutely
fixed to one spot, at least not more than Gadinia or Crepidula when young.
If the adductors were organically attached to the base, of course it would be
death to the animal to move.

The young shells, to the number of twenty or so, are protected by the
mother, and attain a size of more than one whorl before leaving their capsules.

VOL. XVIII. 19

290 BULLETIN OF THE

The other species of this group which belong to the fauna under consider-
ation are Amalthea antiquata Linné, which occurs in South Florida and so
southward; Amalthea effodiens Cpr., which from a typical specimen in the
Museum looks distinct from any of the others, and seems to be confined to the
Lesser Antilles ; and Amalthea barbata, vars. tuberculata Cpr. and costellata Cpr.,
found with the last species, certainly varieties of each other, and probably both
bearing a varietal relation to A. barbata, They are, however, much coarser
and stronger than any genuine barbata I have seen, are brown instead of white,
and less elevated in habit than barbata, so they may well be distinct, in which
case the name of costellata would better be retained for the species. Lastly,
there is Amalthea subrufa Lamarck, which I have from Key West in 50 fms.,
sand and coral, living on dead shells and corals. It extends from this point
southward. The Piliscus (Allerya) Krebsii Morch is a Williamia, closely
related to W. Gussoni Costa, and belongs to the family Siphonariide. It is
probably widely distributed on floating objects.

Famity XENOPHORID.
Genus XENOPHORA G. FIscuHer.

Xenophora G. Fischer, Tableau Synopt. de Zoognosie, p. 113, Moscow, 1808. Type
X, conchyliophora Born.

Section XENOPHORA s. s.
Xenophora conchyliophora Bory.

Trochus conchyliophorus Born, Index Mus. Ces., p. 338,
Aenophora levigata G. Fischer, op. cit, p. 118, 1808.

Habitat. West Indies generally, and northward to the vicinity of Cape
Hatteras, where it is found in 30-40 fms. The Blake obtained it at Stations
5, 10, and 12, in the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico, in 36-229 fms., ooze,
bottom temperature about 50°.0 F. The Fish Commission has dredged it,
living, in from 14 to 111 fms., mud, in the Gulf of Mexico and the Antilles,
as well as along the Carolina coast.

This is the only identifiable species among those cited and described by
Fischer. Therefore, the typical section of the genus must be composed of
those species agreeing with it. Phorus Montfort is precisely synonymous.

This species is easily recognized by its brown base, not umbilicated, or with
a mere chink in occasional young specimens, and the margin of the base not
produced into a thin lamina. It does not reach as deep water as X. caribea,
and generally carries a much heavier load. Stones, corals (sometimes even
alive), oysters, chamas, and worn remains of heavy gastropod shells, cover and
conceal its surface. This species reaches back to the Eocene, under various

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 291

names, but the shells show no differential characters. A fine specimen in the
Museum, from the Miocene silex-beds of Tampa, Florida, was carefully cleaned
of all its load by a youthful assistant, under the impression that he was
relieving the fossil from extraneous matter !

Section TUGURIUM P. Fiscner.

Xenophora caribzea Petir.
Xenophora caribea Petit, Journ. de Conchyliologie, V. p. 248, pl. x. figs. 1, 2, 1856.

Habitat. Stations 12, 32, and 36, in the Gulf of Mexico, in 36-95 fms.;
Station 156, off Montserrat, in 88 fms.; Station 174, off Guadelupe, dead, in
878 fms.; Station 300, near Barbados, in 82 and 100 fms.; bottom temperatures
60°-69° F, U.S. Fish Commission in the Gulf of Mexico and Antilles, in
14-274 fms., living, and northward to the vicinity of Cape Hatteras, in 30-40
fms., usually on a muddy bottom.

This species arranges small shells, usually bivalves, in a fringe around the
marginal lamina. One specimen from very deep water had appropriated several
small pieces of coal thrown overboard with ashes by some steamship. The
open umbilicus is frequently occupied by a tubicolous annelid, which lives
in good fellowship with its involuntary host. In this species the habit of
cementing shells to its margin is evidently merely a habit, as the projecting
shells must be inconvenient in moving about, and have no protective value.
The practice is a reminiscence of a time when it was really useful, and we can
assume with confidence that this species is of later development and origin
than the preceding one.

The separate objects appear to be selected with a certain taste and care, as
they are usually of nearly the same size, separated from one another by about
the same space, and the convex side of the object is always downward.

The soft parts are small in proportion to the shell, whitish, with large eyes
and long tentacles. In alcohol the opercular lobe is larger than the foot. The
operculum is more lozenge-shaped than that of X. caperata as figured by Petit,
and the nucleus is less central. The operculum is smooth outside, with an
obscure central rib on the base, and striated both ways on that side.

It is worthy of note that the operculum of X. caperata Phil. resembles that
of X. conchyliophora in being subsymmetrical and subtriangular, while that of
the present species is asymmetrical. If this feature holds good, it would add
another to the characters by which the two sections of the genus may be
separated.

From the appearance of a number of specimens of this species, I have been
led to suspect that, when young, the animal may have the power of extruding
a purplish fluid, not unlike that of T’rophon and some other gastropods.

On dead fragments of this species were found nearly all the specimens of
Dimya dredged by the Blake, and they afford an excellent perch for the ser-
pule, sertularians, and polyzoa which inhabit the depths,

292 BULLETIN OF THE

Famity NATICIDE.
Genus NATICA LAMARCK.
Section COCHLIS Morcu.
Operculum shelly, with a single marginal rib.

Natica maroccana (Cuemnitz) Dittwyn.

Nerita maroccana Chemn., Conch. Cab., V. p. 270, pl. clxxxviii. figs. 1905-1910 ex
parte. Ulysses’ Travels, p.474. Dillwyn, Cat. Rec. Shells, IL p. 983, No. 13,
1817. (West Indies, W. Africa, Mediterranean.)

Natica Dillwynii Payr., Moll. Corse, p. 120, pl. v. figs. 27, 28, 1826.

Natica prozima C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch., p. 111, 1850. Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Natica, fig. 126. (West Indies.)

Habitat. Mediterranean, West Africa, West Indies, and northward to Cape
Hatteras, N. C.

This species, as eliminated from the mixture of species called maroccana and
marochiensis by Dillwyn, should stand as the genuine maroccana. That the
N. proxima Adams is identical with authentic N. Dillwyni Payr., I have deter-
mined by the comparison of types. The West American maroccana is a differ-
ent species, and has a different operculum. JN. proxvma has an entirely different
operculum from N. canrena, with which Tryon unites it (as the young), and
belongs to a different section of the genus, as already pointed out by Morch.
On the other hand, N. Dillwynii and avellana Philippi, which are identical
with N. proxima, are regarded by Tryon as distinct. He refuses the name
maroccana or marochiensis to the Mediterranean form, which is really identical
with that of the West Indies, and unites with the latter the West American
species, which is perfectly distinct. This group, in fact, is in great need of
thorough study by some one who will treat the subject with care, and work
from the specimens, and not jump to conclusions from the inspection of more
or less inaccurate figures. This group and that of N. canrena are particularly
muddled, and inconsiderate wholesale lumping of species can in the present
state of our knowledge do nothing but harm. I have not pretended to give
even a small proportion of the synonymy. The operculum of this species has
a double marginal rib, the outer half higher than the inner, and the whole, in
adult specimens, separated from the central area by a rather broad flat-bottomed
channel. The nucleus of the operculum is usually overlaid by a thin irregular
callus, often of a dark color.

Natica livida Preirrer.

Natica livida Pfr., Wiegm. Arch., VI. p. 254, 1840. Morch, Malak. Blatt., XXIV.
p. 64, 1877.
Natica jamaicensis C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch., p. 111, 1850.

|

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 293

Natica prorima Sowerby, Thesaurus, Natica, pl. viii. fig. 111, not of C. B. Adams.
4 Natica rufilabris Reeve, Conch. Icon. Natica, fig. 108, 1855.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms,” Key West, Pickering. Gulf of Mexico, be-
tween Mississippi delta and Cedar Keys, in 26 fms., U. S. Fish Commission.

This form is generally more elevated than maroccana, and its coloring more
like Lunatia triseriata. The nucleus is always minute, and generally dark
brown. It is related to N. maroccana, but its operculum has only a single
narrow undivided marginal rib separated by a narrow groove from the inner
area, so that I can assert that the name is not a synonym. It will probably
include NV. limacina Jousseaume, but of that, again, I have seen no authentic
specimen, while rufilabris is in the same category. N. lacernula Orbigny is
doubtless synonymous with livida, and probably NV. pulchella Pfr. also belongs
here.

Section NATICA s. s.

Operculum shelly, externally multisulcate.

Natica canrena LAMARCcK. °

This well known and characteristic species was not obtained by the Blake,
but is known from authentic sources to extend from Rio Janeiro to the An-
tilles, and from the Antilles to Cape Hatteras. It has a large and pellucid
nucleus, which will always serve to distinguish it from species of the maroccana
group in the absence of the very characteristic operculum.

Natica castrensis n. s.

Shell four-whorled, thin, light, white painted with yellow brown. Nucleus
large, lucid; an opaque white band in front of the suture with irregular brown
flammules; a peripheral series of distant small obscure brown spots ; base,
callus, umbilicus, and aperture opaque spotless white, remainder translucent
white with a network of extremely fine lines and spaces, so disposed as to form
spirally directed “tent” shaped white markings on a brownish ground, re-
calling the pattern of Conus gloria-maris, the apices of the little white triangles
all pointing toward the aperture; whorls extremely round, the suture conse-
quently well marked, and almost channelled; general form about like that of
NV. canrena ; umbilicus with a single moderate funicular cord, with subequal
grooves above and below it, ending in a small callus with a notch behind it,
and a bigger body callus behind that. Alt. 12.5, lat. 12.5 mm.

Habitat. Barbados,100 fms. Off Sombrero, in54 fms. Station 152, Flan-
negan’s Passage, in 27 fms. Key West, U. 8. Nat. Mus. Coll.

The painting of this species recalls that of NV. vittata Gmelin (which is a Lu-
natia), but is much more delicate and elegant. The netted painting can only
be seen by close inspection. The umbilical region differs from that of NV. can-

994 BULLETIN OF THE

rena, the callus especially being much less conspicuous; the whorls are less
flattened above than in canrena, while the present species probably never
attains anything like the size of the adult N. canrena, The radiating wrinkles
are finer and closer, as well as less evident before the suture, than in NV. canrena,
and often almost obsolete.

Natica (? castrensis var.) perlineata Da.t.

Shell in form, size, and nucleus resembling closely N. castrensis, but the
coloration consists of very fine slightly waved transverse brown lines. The
white band near the suture is obsolete, the brown lines cross it almost to the
suture, there are no spots or flammules. The base is white, the lines ceasing
abruptly. In the largest specimen there is a white band, extending from the
suture over the periphery to the base, as if the color glands had taken a resting
spell for a short time. Alt. 18.5, lat. 19.5 mm.

Habitat. Sigsbee, off Havana, in 119 fms. Barbados, in 70-140 fms. Sta-
tion 5, in 229 fms.

This species is less elevated, and the lineation is much finer and closer than
in N. lineata Lam., in which the basal white area is proportionally smaller, and
the umbilical callus proportionally much larger. It differs greatly from the
West American lineated species WV. elena Recluz, and if not a variety of the
preceding, from which its system of coloration totally differs, must be regarded
as distinct. I have not seen the operculum.

Subgenus NEVERITA Risso.
Section PAYRAUDEAUTIA Buca., Dautz., & DoLtr.

Neverita nubila n. s.

Shell small, polished, grayish white, with transverse narrow streaks of very
pale brown, five-whorled, with radiating grooves and wrinkles in front of the
suture as in N. livida. Apex acute, nucleus rather large, lucid; whorls very
round, flattish in front of the suture, which, near the aperture only, is a little
appressed. Surface pretty well covered with very fine spiral markings, too
fine and faint to be called strie. Aperture semilunar, with a thick white callus
on the body. Umbilical opening bearing about the same proportion to the
size of the shell as in N. intricata, but the respective components dissimilar;
in N. intricata the margin of the umbilicus is bounded by a rounded rib, sepa-
rated from another similar rib above by adeep channel. Above these two is
2 wider and deeper furrow, above which is the larger umbilical rib, which lies
very close to the preceding whorl. In N. nubila the umbilicus is bordered by
a sharp groove, within which is a broad nearly flat band corresponding to the
two lower ribs of intricata, above which are the larger furrow and rib, which
last’ is not so close to the preceding whorl as in intricata. The umbilical region

MUSEUM ‘OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 295

is entirely white. The operculum has not been seen, but is doubtless horny.
Max. alt. of shell, 13.0; of aperture, 9.0; max. lat. of shell, 12.3 mm,

Habitat. Station 23, Gulf of Mexico, in 190 fms. Station 299, near Bar-
bados, in 140 fms.

In one of the specimens the cloudy brown color was diffused, and most evi-
dent above the periphery. In the other it was more in the form of faint
transverse streaks. The shell is especially different from N. intricata in its
turrited spire and rounded whorls with radiating grooves above, and in the
peculiarities of the umbilical region below.

Subgenus LUNATIA Gray.

Lunatia tenuis Rectiovz.
Natica tenuis Recluz, Journ. de Conchyl., I. p. 388, pl. xii. fig. 7, 1850.

Habitat. Off Cape San Antonio, in 640 fms. Off Cape Florida, in 84 fma.,
green mud, U. S, Fish Commission, at Station 2648; also at Station 2626,
eighty-seven miles S. by E. 4 E. from Cape Fear, N. C., in 353 fms., sand,
bottom temperature 40°.0 F. Valparaiso, Recluz.

The specimens agree admirably with Recluz’s figure and description, but
are smaller than the dimensions he gives. There may have been an error or
misprint in those figures.

Lunatia leptalea Warson.

Natica leptalea Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XV. p. 261, March, 1880; Dall, Bull.

M.-C. Z., IX. p. 98, 1881; Watson, Chall. Rep. Gastr., p. 441, pl. xxvii.
fig. 7, 1885.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. Sombrero Island, W. I., 450 fms.,
Challenger Exp. Bed of the Gulf Stream, off Gun Cay, in 500 fms., Dr. Rush.

A comparison of specimens leads me to believe that this species is identical
with one named by Dr. Jeffreys N. spheroides, in his Report on the Valorous
Mollusca (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., April, 1876, p. 319). But Dr. Jeffreys did not
describe his shell sufficiently, or figure it, and subsequently doubted whether
it was not the young of a species he described in 1885 as NV. operculata (P. Z.S.
1885, p. 35). His name has therefore no claim to be adopted.

Lunatia fringilla Dat.
Plate XXI. Fig. 12.

Natica fringilla Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 93, Sept., 1881.
¢ Natica radiata Watson, Prel. Rep. Chall. Moll., Pt. VII. p. 258, March, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms,; off Cape San Antonio, 640 fms.; near

Old Providence, at Station 2150, in 382 fms., ooze, bottom temperature 46°.0 F.,
U.S. Fish Commission.

296 BULLETIN OF THE

Natica fringilla var. perla Datt.
Plate XXI. Fig. 11.

Differs from the type of the species in the absence of the radiating wrinkles
in front of the suture, and in having somewhat rounder whorls and a decidedly
smaller umbilicus. Alt. 6.5 mm.

Habitat. Station 226, in 424 fms., sand and ooze, near St. Vincent, bottom
temperature 42°.5 F.

The Lunatia subplicata Jeffreys is less elevated, has merely faint irregular
wrinkles instead of the strong, regularly spaced, spoke-like radiations of this
species, and is a much lighter shell. It recalls L. grénlandica Beck, of which
it might be a small deep-water race. If identical with fringilla it would be a
synonym of it.

The NV. radiata Watson, from 485 fms., near Bermuda, recalls, by the de-
scription, our species. The figure, however, has a more pointed apex and
rounder whorls. This plate, however, is less well executed than most of the
Challenger plates, and may not be reliable. In case, on comparison of speci-
mens, they should prove to be the same, Mr. Watson’s name has priority.

Subgenus POLINICES Montrort.
Polinices uberina Orsieny.

Natica uberina Orbigny, Moll. Cub., IL. p. 31, pl. xvii. fig. 19, 1842. Morch, Malak.
Blatt., XXIV. p. 60, 1877.

Habitat. Off Sombrero, in 54-70 fms. Gulf of Mexico and on the west
coast of Florida, 14-40 fms., living, U. 8. Fish Commission.

This may be only a small race of N. lactea Guilding. I have not the
material to determine the matter positively, and prefer to refer to a name
which exactly applies to our specimens.

When fresh they are covered with a rather dark yellow epidermis, which is
thickened to a reddish brown in the furrow of the umbilicus. NV. caribea
Phil., N. Pfeiffert Phil., N. porcellana (Orb.) Morch, and JV. ochrostoma Recluz,
are probably synonymous.

Judging by the specimens dredged by the U. 8. Fish Commission, this
species is rather common in moderate depths of water off the Carolina coast.

Among the Naticide characteristic of the Antillean region, but not above
referred to, are NV. (Lunatia) semisulcata Gray (recently named NV. Fordiana
by an inadvertence), which was collected at Sarasota Bay, West Florida, by
Mr. C. T. Simpson, living, between tides on a sand-bar; NV. (Stigmaulaz) sulcata
Born; and N. (Polinices) brunnea Link (+ mamillaris Lam.). NV. (Neverita)
duplicata Say (+ campechiensis Recluz, + fossata Gould, + texasiana Romer)
and NV. (Cochlis) pusilla Say are more northern in their distribution; the latter
may not pass south of the Florida Keys.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 297

Genus SIGARETUS Lamarck.

Sigaretus maculatus Say (+ S. zonatus Orb., 1842, + S. martinianus Phil.,
1844) and S. perspectivus Say (4-S. depressus Phil., 1844, + S. haliotoideus
Reel., Orb., non Linné, + 8. antillarum Recl., 1851) are the two large well
known species of this region. In the latter, which I have seen alive, and in
alcohol, a good many times, I have never been able to observe any operculum,
It is probable that it is generally lost at an early age.

Sigaretus minor n. s.

Shell small, moderately inflated, white, three or four whorled, spirally striate.
Nucleus small, dark brown, and glassy for one whorl, very finely striate spi-
rally and white for another whorl, when the normal adult sculpture begins
abruptly. Epidermis extremely thin, nearly transparent, colorless; spiral
sculpture alternately of a large and a small thread, separated by a distinct,
sharp, but very narrow groove; on the base the threads are less crowded and
more uniform, but not flattened; shell perforate, little callus on the body, the
pillar barely reflected at its junction with the body; aperture, regarded in its
own plane, nearly circular. Max. alt. of shell, 4.0; max. diam. of shell, 6.0;
of aperture, 3.5 mm.

Habitat. Off Sombrero, in 54 fms.; Station 36, in 84 fms.; U.S. Fish Com-
mission Station 2648, in 84 fms., mud, off Cape Florida.

This shell differs from the two other species in sculpture. The young of
S. maculatus is brown, and has a much larger umbilicus and nearly smooth base,
with a sculpture of uniform, round, widely separated threads on a flat ground,
The young of S. perspectivus is flatter, has a thick epidermis, and has broad
flat spirals separated by broad shallow channels.

The soft parts of S. minor have not been observed, but it is a genuine
Sigaretus though of small size.

Subgenus EUNATICINA FiscHeEr.
Eunaticina carolinensis n. s.

Shell naticiform, small, white, spirally striate, with an ample but not flaring
umbilicus; four-whorled. Nucleus brown at the apex, then glassy, of two
whorls. Remainder of the shell white, with a polished straw-colored epider-
mis; spire moderately elevated, suture channelled; spiral sculpture of fine
sharp grooves, more distant toward the periphery, about nine between the
periphery and suture on the last whorl; base full and rounded, rounding into
the umbilicus without any keel; transverse sculpture of incremental lines,
weaker and stronger irregularly, reticulating the earlier whorls in a faint
manner and crenulating finely the margin of the sutural channel; these lines
are fainter on the last whorl and on the periphery; aperture somewhat oblique,

298 BULLETIN OF THE

semilunar, entire, not reflected, the pillar connected with the outer lip by a
white callus over the body, with its boundaries sharply defined. Alt. of shell,
5.5; of aperture, 4.5; max. lat. of shell, 5.75 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2595 and 2602, off the coast of
North Carolina, in 63-124 fms., sand, bottom temperature 61° to 75° F.

This pretty little shell has a deep-water aspect, and is not sufficiently like
the shallow-water species to need comparison with them. According to the
latest catalogue of the subgenus, there is no other species known from this
region. !

Genus GYRODES Conrap.

Gyrodes Conrad, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV. p. 289, 1860. Stoliczka, Pal.
Indica, II. p. 297, 1868. Type Gyrodes crenata Conrad.

Gyrodes depressa (Secuenza) DAtt.

Fossarus depressus Seguenza, Bull. Real. Com. Geol. Ital., 1874, fase. ii. p. 382.
Fossarus Crossei Weinkauff (in coll.) non Kléciak.
Adeorbis depressus Jeffreys, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 41, pl. iv. figs. 8, 8 a.

Habitat. Pliocene of Messina, Segnenza. Mediterranean, Jeffreys. North
Atlantic, 100-1360 fms., Porcupine Expedition. Off Cape Lookout, at U.S.
Fish Commission Stations 2612 and 2619, in 15-52 fms., sand, bottom temper-
ature 67°.0 F.

This little shell is the same as that figured by Jeffreys under the name of
Adeorbis depressus. It has an operculum like that of Sigaretus (Fischer, Man.,
fig. 535, p. 768). The A. fragilis of Sars has a multispiral operculum, and
belongs to a different family, though the shells have several features in com-
mon. The Fossarus Crossei Kléciak, the F. Petitiana of Tiberi, and the Sto-
matia azonea of Brusina, from authentic specimens in the Jeffreys collection,
appear to belong to a different group and certainly to a different species. These
shells have every feature of Conrad’s Gyrodes, except that they are smaller
than his type. The ridge near the suture in the type is very inconstant, and
often entirely absent. These shells are also somewhat variable in the com-
pactness with which they are wound. The nucleus is glassy, minute, globu-
lar, and stands up from the apex with great prominence. The shell is
remarkably elegant, and the largest American specimen has fully twice the
diameter of any of the Mediterranean specimens I have seen, though otherwise
indistinguishable from them. Sigaretus problematicus Deshayes (An. s. Vert.
Bas. Paris, III. p. 90, pl. lxiv. figs. 7-9) is doubtless a young Gyrodes, which
thus is carried back in Europe to the Eocene.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 299

Famiry LAMELLARIID.

In this group Lamellaria Rangii Bergh and Marsenina ampla Verrill are
known from the region under consideration, but neither of them is included in
the Blake collection.

Super-Family PTENOGLOSSA.
Famity SCALIDE.

Genus SCALA (Humpnrery) Avctorum.

Le scalata Auct. (Favart d’Herbigny, Dict. d’Hist. Nat. Test., III. p. 296, 1775).

Turbona Browne, Hist. Jamaica, p. 403, 1756 (not binomial).

= Scala Klein, Meth. Test. Ostracol., p. 52, 1753 (not binomial).

= Scala Humphrey (apud Hvass), Mus. Calonnianum, p. 23, 1797 (anonymous and
undescribed).

= Epitonium Sect. I. Bolten, Mus. Bolt., ed. i., pars 2a, p. 91, 1798; ed. ii. p. 64,
1819 (undescribed).

= Cyclostoma Lamarck, Prodrome, Mém. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. de Paris, No. 32, p. 74,
1799. Type and sole example Zurbo scalaris L. ‘ Le scalata,”’ Cuvier, Anat.
Comp., 1800.

= Cyclostoma Bose, Hist. Nat. des Coquilles, IV. p. 84, 1802. Type Turbo scalaris L.

> Cyclostoma Schumacher, Essai, p. 196, 1817. Type Turbo cluthrus L.

Not Cyclostoma Lam., Syst. des An. s. Vert., p. 87, 1801, = Delphinula Lam., 1804,
nor Cyclostoma Lam., 1804 = various Pulmonates and Valvata.

= Scalaria Lamarck, Syst. des. An. s. Vert., p. 88,1801. Type Turbo scalaris L,
Fossiles des Env. de Paris, in An. du Muséum, IV. p. 212, 1804. Roissy, Hist.
Nat. Gen. Moll., V. p. 390, 1805. Froriep, Lam. Neues Syst. Conch., p. 17,
1808. Type 7’. scalaris L.

= Scalatarius Duméril, Zool. Analyt., p. 164, 1806.

= Scalaria Link, Beschr. Rostock Samml., III. p. 131, May, 1807; Fischer, Tabl.,
p. 119, 1808. Blainville, Mal., p. 431, 1825. Type Turbo scularis L.

= Scalarus Montfort, Conch. Syst., p. 295, 1810.

= Scalaria Perry, Conchology, expl. pl. xxvi., 1810; not Trigona Perry = Cancel-
laria sp.

> Scalaria Leach, Zod]. Miscel., II. p. 79, 1815 (Turbo clathrus L.). Bowdich,
Conch., I. p. 33, pl. ix. fig. 6, 1822.

> Aciona Leach, /. c., Il. p. 79, 1815 (Turbo scalaris L.). Bowdich, Conch., I. p. 33,
pl. ix. fig. 5, 1822. Morch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 48, 1852.

>< Clathrus Oken, Lehrb. Zool., p. 256, 1815 (Turbo clathrus L.).

= Scalaria Lamarck, Hist. An. sans Vert., VI. Pt. IL. p. 225, 1817 (S. pretiosa).

> Clathrus Agassiz, in German edition Sowerby’s Min. Conch., pp. 35, 415, 1840
(Turbo clathrus L.).

> Acyonée Blainville, Malac., p. 431, 1825; example Scalaria communis (vernacular
for Aciona Leach).

Acyonea Deshayes, Encycl. Méth., II. p. 6, 1880 (error for Aciona Leach).

300 BULLETIN OF THE

> Clathrus Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus., 1840; type Scalaria australis Lam. (?no descrip-
tion). )

> Cirsotrema Morch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 49, 1852 (S. varicosa Lam.).

> Scala H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., L., Nov., 1853, p. 220 (S. scalaris L.), with
subgenera Clathrus, p. 222 (S. clathrus L.) ; Opalia, p. 222 (S. australis Lam.) ;
Amea, p. 223 (S. magnifica Sby.) ; and

> Cirsotrema (Morch) H. & A. Adams, /. c., II. p. 225, Nov., 1853 (S. varicosa Lam.).

= Sealaria Woodward, Man. Rec. & Foss. Shells, 1854 (S. pretiosa).

> Acirsa Morch, Prodr. Moll. Gronl., 1857; H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IL.
p. 621, Nov., 1858 (S. Eschrichtii Holb.).

— Scalaria Chenu, Manual de Conchyl., 1. p. 217, 1859 (\S. pretiosa Lam.), with sec-
tions Clathrus (S. communis Lam.) ; Opalia, p. 218 (S. australis Lam.) ; Amea,
p. 218 (S. magnifica Sby.); and Cirsotrema, p. 218 (S. varicostata Lam.).

2 Constantia A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d ser., VI. p. 120, 1860 (C. elegans Ad.).

> Acrilla H. & A. Adams, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 241 (S. acuminata Sby.).

<>Scala A. Adams, Scalide of Japan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 8d ser., VIII., 1861,
p. 479; with Amea, p. 482; Clathrus, p. 482; Cirsotrema, p. 482; Constantia
(elegans), p. 488; and Scaliola (bella), p. 484.*

> Sthenorytis (Conrad) Meek, S. I. Check List Miocene Foss., p. 18, 1864. Conrad,
S. I. Check List Eocene Inv. Foss., p. 15, No. 200, 1866; also in Am. Journ.
Conch., III. p. 259, pl. xxi. fig. 4, Jan., 1868. (.S. pachypleura Conrad, = Scala-
ria pachypleura Conr., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, VIII. p. 565, 1862.)

> Opalia H. & A. Adams (emend.), in Carpenter, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 8d ser.,
XIV. p. 31, Jan., 1865 (S. australis Lam.).

> Scalina Conrad, Am. Journ. Conch., I. p. 27, 1865; S. I. Check List Eocene Inv.
Foss., pp. 14, 29, 1866. (S. triquintinaria Conr. = Scalaria triquintinaria Conr.,
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 2d ser., I. p. 114, pl. xi. fig. 14, 1848.)

Not Compsopleura Conrad, S. I. Check List Eocene Inv. Foss. p. 15, 1866. (C. trino-
dosa Conr. = Scalaria trinodosa Conr., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
2d ser, IV. p. 288, pl. xlvii. fig. 43. This shell belongs to the Melanide
probably.)

> Cirostrena Tate, App. Woodward, Man., 1870, p. 26, = Crrsotrema Morch.

= Scalaria Nyst, Tabl. Synopt., p. 12 (1871), 1873.

> Scala Morch, Vidensk. Medd. Nat. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 1874, p. 252; with sec-
tions Aciona, p. 252 (S. scalaris L.); Scala, p. 252 (S. clathrus L.); Turbona
“ Browne,” p. 259 (S. unifasciata Sby.); Amea, p. 262; Opalia, p. 266;
Cirsotrema, p. 268 (S. cochlea Sby.).

Scala Morch, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 2d ser., VIII. p. 192, 1876; with
sections Aciona, p. 192; Turbona, p. 198; Amea, p. 200; Janthoscala, p. 190
(Scalaria inconspicua Sby. = Janthoscala, p. 208) ; Opalia, p. 208 ; Cirsotrema,
p- 205.

> Psychrosoma Tap. Canefri, Journ. de Conchyl., XXIV. p. 154, April, 1876
(= Opalia H. & A. Adams).

>< Scalide Stoliczka, Pal. Indica, Cret. Gastropoda, p. 229, 1868, with the follow-
ing “genera”: Funis (Seeley), p. 229; Crossea (Adams), p. 229; Amcea
(=lapsus pro Amea Adams), p. 229; Acirsa, p. 229; Acrilla, p. 229; Cirsotrema,

* Referred in 1862 to the Rissocde by Adams, from an examination of the soft
parts.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 301

p. 229; Scala, p. 280; Eglisia (Gray, 1840, not of Deshayes whose Eglisia
are stated to = Mathilda Semper, while his Pyrgiscus are true Eglisiz),
p. 280; Chilocyclus (Bronn), p. 230; Scoliostoma Bronn, p. 230; Constantia
(A. Ad.), p. 280; Compsopleura and Scalina, p. 280.

= Scala De Boury, Monographie des Scalide, Pt. I., Paris, 1886.

Inserta sedis.
Scoliostoma Braun, Leonh. & Bronn, Jahrb., p. 291, 1838, fide Herrmannsen.
Constantia A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 8d ser., VI. p. 120, 1860 (C. elegans

Adams, /. c.).

Eglisia Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus., 1840: H. & A. Ad., Gen. Ree. Moll., I. p. 854.

Pyrgiscus Deshayes, An. 8. Vert. Bassin de Paris, II., 2me éd., p. 830, ? not of Phi-
lippi, Wiegm. Arch., I. p. 50, 1840.

Cochlearia Miinster, Beitr. zur Petr., [V. p. 104, 1841 (C. carinata Braun, /. c., pl. x.
fig. 27). Syn. Chilocyclus Bronn, Lethea, c. i. 75, 1851.

Crossea A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist., XV. p. 823, 1865 (C. miranda Ad., l. ¢.).

Funis Seeley, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 8d ser., VII. p. 285, 1861 (F’. elongatus Seeley,
l.c., pl. xi. fig. 7). Cretaceous.

Holopella McCoy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII. p. 47, 1851. Brit. Pal. Foss., II. p. 803,
1855. (Type Turritella gregaria, Sil. Syst., pl. iii. fig. 1.)

Hoplopteron Fischer, Journ. de Conchyl., XXIV. p. 282, 1876. (H. Terquemi F.,
p. 234, pl. ix. figs. 1-8.)

The determination of the proper name to be adopted for this well known
genus is beset with difficulties for the conscientious systematist. It is one of
the few cases where a faithful adherence to the rules recommended by the
British Association would result in several very annoying changes in the names
of well known and accepted genera.

The precious “ladder shell,” “wentle-trap,” or “scalata” was known to
early English, Dutch, and Italian naturalists chiefly as le scalata, a name
attributed to the Italians. It is the Turbo scalaris of Linné, and the Sca-
laria pretiosa of authors. The common Mediterranean form (S. clathrus) was,
from its abundance, small size, and inferior beauty, known as le fausse sca-
lata, or false wentle-trap. Early authors even considered them as varieties
of one kind of shell, and as late as 1817 discussed gravely whether the precious
sort really came from the Indies, as the Dutch dealers and naturalists had
always claimed.

Among the authors who antedated binominal nomenclature, Browne named a
West Indian species Turbona, in his Natural History of Jamaica, and Klein
called the group Scala, or staircase shell, from the vernacular scalata. Some
conchological authors, disregarding the usual limitations of nomenclature, have
imposed some of Klein’s names on modern genera, and this among them.

Linné included the wentle-trap among his species of Turbo. The first
binominal author to distinguish the group by name was Hvass, a noted con-
chologist residing in Paris, from whose manuscripts (by the aid of E. M.
Da Costa, an English writer on shells) an anonymous catalogue was compiled
for George Humphrey, an auctioneer of London, who was intrusted with the

302 BULLETIN OF THE

sale of the magnificent collection of M.de Calonne, The catalogue was printed
in May, 1797. A few copies were sent by Hvass to his correspondents,* and
others were distributed or sold by Humphrey. It is one of the rarest of con-
chological books, among those which have influenced nomenclature.t In the
present case there can be no possible doubt whatever as to the group intended.
It is placed between Phasianella and Turritella (Eutropia and Terebra of
Humphrey), and divided into two sections with three species each. ‘The first
species (Scala maculata) is stated to come from Normandy, and Turbo clathrus
L. is given as a synonym. The second (S. notha) is the ‘‘ Bastard Wentle-
trap,” from the West Indies (Scalaria lamellosa L.?); the third is not identifia-
ble. The second section is stated to be ‘“umbilicated,” an approach toward a
diagnosis. Two of the species cannot be determined, the last (S. grandis) is
the “ Great or true Wentle-trap,” from “Japan?”

The next discrimination of the group, as such, appears in a posthumous pub-
lication, also for an auctioneer’s purposes, —a catalogue,t supposed to be by
Dr. J. F. Bolten of Hamburg, of the collection of shells belonging to him which
his family desired to dispose of after his death, but which at ‘that time (1798)
was not sold. This catalogue, of which only three or four copies are known
to exist, was reprinted in 1819,§ when the collection was again offered for sale.

* The copy in my possession was sent to Spengler, and given by one of his heirs
to Beck, and from him, through other hands, to the late O. A. L. Morch. By acon-
temporary note of Beck, it appears not to have existed in the public libraries of
either London or Paris, in 1885-36. The genera are not characterized, nor is any
species mentioned as type, but some Linnean names without references are intro-
duced as synonyms of the names of the author.

+ As a bibliographical curiosity the collation may be of interest : —

Museum Calonnianum. | Specification | of the | various articles | which
compose the | Magnificent Museum | of | Natural History | collected by | M. De
Calonne in France, | and lately his property : | consisting of an assemblage | of the
most | beautiful and rare subjects | in | entomology, conchology, ornithology, | min-
eralogy, &c. | Among which are | [etc., 10 lines] | all of which are now exhibiting
at Saville House on the north side of | Leicester Square, previous to the sale
thereof. | London, May 1, 1797.| 8vo, pp. viii, 84. At end of last page, ‘“‘ End of
the first part.” The generic and specific names in Latin, French, and English; re-
marks in English only. There is a copy with annotations in Humphrey’s own
writing in the Smithsonian Library, deposited in the Library of Congress.

+ The first part I have never seen, and it related to the anatomical and alco-
holie collection; the remainder is entitled: Museum Boltenianum | sive |
Catalogus cimeliorum | e tribus regnis nature | que | olim collegerat | Joa. Fried.
Bolten, M. D. p. d. | per XL. annos protophysicus Hamburgensis. | Pars secunda |
continens | Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, | bivalvia & multivalvia. | Ham-
burgi, | Typis Johan. Christi. Trappii. | Sm. 8vo, n. d., pp. viii, 199. The Preface
is dated September, 1798.

§ Museum Boltenianum. | Verzeichniss | der | von dem _ verstorbenen |
Herrn Joachim Friedrich Bolten | M. D. und physicus in Hamburg | hinterlassenen |
vortrefflichen Sammlung | Conchylien, Mineralien | und | Kunstsachen | die | am

” eke -

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 303

This edition is also extremely rare. Its contents (excepting the prefatory re-
marks) are the same in both editions, and have a more scientific appearance
than those of the catalogue of Humphrey, as characters corresponding to the
divisions adopted, are mentioned in a number of places, though there are no
diagnoses, properly speaking, or special types selected. The references for
synonyms of the author’s species are to page, plate, and figure, in many cases,
instead of bare names, as in the Museum Calonnianum. ‘The divisions are
often rational and satisfactory, though frequently much the reverse if judged
by modern standards. The author seems to have had no hesitation in changing
names which he did not like, even when his substitute was in our sense an
absolute synonym. In regard to the present genus his course was retrograde
compared with Humphrey, for he makes Scala (Humphrey) merely the first
section of his genus Epitonium, which contained Scalaria (Lam., 1801), T'urri-
tella (Lam.), and Terebra (Lam.). The first species is Z'urbo scalaris L.

By the strict construction of the rules of nomenclature, none of the names
yet mentioned should be adopted, for they all fail to meet the requirements of
a binominal appellation and a diagnosis or a figure.

The epoch-making work for malacology, after Linné, is without doubt the
‘¢ Prodrome d’une nouvelle Classification des Coquilles” of Lamarck (1799), in
which a large number of genera were proposed, appropriately characterized,
and a single species in each case mentioned as an example or type. It would
seem unquestionable that, for genera first proposed in it, the name should
follow the fortune of the particular type mentioned. On page 68 the author
states that he has adopted the names cyclostoma and pleurotoma, composed by
citizen Richard, for two of his genera to which he had intended to give other
names. This statement, which had reference merely to the formation of the
words, and not of the genera they were intended to denominate, has been mis-
understood to indicate Richard as the author of the two genera mentioned.
On page 74 the genus CycLosToMa* is proposed, and placed between Monodonta
and Turritella. This genus was adopted the following year by Cuvier (Anat.
Comp.), and by Bose in his “ Histoire Naturelle des Coquilles,” published in
1802.¢ Bosc remarks: ‘‘One of the shells which forms this genus is very
celebrated under the name of scalata, on account of its rarity and high price.
Naturalists have differed much on the place in the conchological order which
it should have (on account of the absence of a columella). . . . Lamarck at last
has just made a particular genus of it, into which the question of the presence

26. April d. J.. Morgens um 10 Uhr | offentlich verkauft werden sollen | durch den
Makler | Johs. Noodt. | Hiixter No. 68 | Cat. XX XIII. | mit vier auf stein gezeich-
neten Platten seltener Conchylien | Hamburgischen Steindrucks. | Hamburg 1819. |
Gedruckt bei Conrad Miiller, Bohnenstrasse No. 151.| 8vo, 4 1. unp., 156 pp., 4
plates. Preface dated January, 1819.

* “32. Coquille de diverse forme, l’ouverture ronde ou presque ronde: les deux
bords réunis circulairement. Turbo scalaris Lin. Le scalata.”

t Vol. IV. p. 84, 1802. Another identical edition (from unsold sheets?) with a
new title page appeared in 1830.

304 BULLETIN OF THE

or absence of a columella does not enter. The cyclostoma is a very elegant
shell, of seven whorls, elongated, and separated by a distinct interval from one
another, with ten or twelve longitudinal elevated costee which unite them-
selves to form a reflected margin around the lip. It has no columella, the
costa take the place of one externally.” Following this is a list, with descrip-
tions and references, of four well known species of Scalaria, two species of
Turbonilla, and two unidentifiable new species, of which one (probably a Val-
vata) is from the warm springs of Pisa. The type, Turbo scalaris L., is figured,
pl. xxxii. fig. 3. Had matters stopped here, all would have been well. But
in 1801 Draparnaud in his “Tableau des Moll. de la France” (p. 40) assigns
a large number of land and fresh-water shells to Cyclostoma, at the instance,
according to Cuvier, of Lamarck, who in that year published his “Systeme des
Animaux sans Vertébres,” in which several arbitrary and unexplained changes
are made. The name Cyclostoma is applied (p. 87) to a new genus, of which
the sole example offered is the Turbo delphinus of Linné, and a new name,
Scaluria, is proposed (p. 88) for the group typified by Turbo scalaris L. As
if this were not enough, two years later, in a memoir on the fossil shells of the
environs of Paris (An. du Muséum, IV. p. 108, 1804), after saying that in the
‘¢ Systeme” there were still marine and terrestrial shells in his Cyclostoma, La-
marck proposes to eliminate the marine ones, and takes the Turbo delphinus L.
as the type of anew genus, Delphinula. The Cyclostoma then remaining is
a heterogeneous collection of Vivipara, Valvata, Cyclostoma (elegans), Cyclo-
phorus, etc., a number of which do not agree with the original diagnosis of
1799, Draparnaud adopted this classification in his “ Terrestrial and Fluvia-
tile Mollusks of France” (p. 25), in 1805, and Roissy in his “ History of
Mollusca” (V. p. 300), in the same year. Duméril also adopted it, changing
the orthography and making it masculine in termination, as it was his hobby
to do with all generic names.

Scalaria for the Turbo scalaris group was adopted by Link in 1807,* Fischer

* Beschreibung | der | Naturalien-‘Sammlung | der | Universitat zu Rostock. |
Erste Abtheilung. | Von | D. H. F. Link, | Professor der Naturgeschichte, Chemie
und Botanik und verschiedener | Gelehrten-Gesellschaften Mitgliede. | Zugleich |
empfiehlt derselbe als jetziger Rector der Universitat | die | wiirdige Feyer des
Weihnachtsfestes. | Rostock den 25sten December, 1806. | Gedruckt bey Adlers
Erben. | 8vo. 1 pr. 1, pp. 1-50. (Covers Mammals and Birds.)

Zweyte Abtheilung: Rostock den 29sten Marz, 1807. 1 pr. 1., pp. 51-100. (Cov-
ers Amphibians, Snakes, Fishes, Crustacea, Insects, and part of the Mollusca.)

Dritte Abtheilung: Rostock den 17ten May, 1807. 1 pr.1., pp. 101-165. (Re-
mainder of Mollusks, with Echinoderms and Corals.)

Vierte Abtheilung: Rostock den 25sten December, 1807. 1 pr. 1, pp. 1-80.
(Fossils of all sorts.)

Fiinfte Abtheilung: Rostock den 17ten April, 1808. 1 pr. 1., pp. 1-88. (Min-
eralogie.)

Sechste und letzte Abtheilung: Rostock den 5ten Junius, 1808. 1 pr. 1, pp.
1-38. (Metals and Ores, together with Errata, etc.)

No apology is needed for giving the collation of this rare work, of which only

April 12, 1889.

|
|
|
|
|

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 305

in 1808, and Montfort in 1810 (under the masculine form). The last very
justly observes (Vol. II. p. 287), that Cyclostoma elegans (which seemed to have
become generally accepted as the type of the genus) is always without the re-
flected lip called for by the diagnosis; still he preserves the name and separates
under the name of Cyclophorus the forms with the broadly reflected border to
the aperture.

Scientific news did not travel rapidly in those days, and we find the careful
Schumacher, evidently puzzled by Lataarck’s different values for Cyclostoma,
trying to reconcile them by retaining Cyclostoma for the T'urbo clathrus sort,
and Scalaria for Turbo scalaris, etc. This distinction, more apparent than
real, had previously been recognized by Leach, who in 1815 proposed the
name Aciona for the umbilicated kinds like 7. scalaris, and retained the name
Scalaria for the clathrus group. Both sections have since received quite a
number of names.

It is evident that on the face of the record, and from the action of various
naturalists at the time, the name Cyclostoma, if retained at all, should be
used for Scalaria Lam., as commonly understood. Pfeiffer, in rejecting it al-
together from the nomenclature of Pulmonata, has, it seems to us, taken the
proper course, so far as that group is concerned. We can fairly claim that the
record should decide these matters, and that possible mental reservations and
traditions must be excluded from consideration. But the old naturalists
were very loose in their treatment of nomenclature, as may be inferred from
the remarks of Cuvier as late as 1817 (Mém. sur la Vivipare, p. 3): “ Dra-
parnaud in accordance with the indication of Lamarck ranges it (Vivipara)
among the Cyclostomas. . . . Nothing doubtless prevents us from taking the
vivipara for the type of the genus cyclostoma, but it is probable that then we
should be obliged to exclude several species which have so far remained there,
and notably all the terrestrials.” The fact that Vivipara does not agree with
the original diagnosis and type of Cyclostoma, does not seem to have occurred
to him. Deshayes, in his edition of Lamarck’s “ Histoire des Animaux sans
Vertébres ” (1836), tries to justify the process by which Cyclostoma has come
to represent something quite different from its original type; but I do not con-
sider that his remarks give a fair statement of the history of the case as it ap-
pears in the printed record, though they may correctly convey traditions with
which those who desire impartially to apply the rules of nomenclature cannot
legitimately concern themselves.

The question then remains what name to adopt, and it is evident that Sca-
laria is out of the question. Klein can by no stretch of courtesy in which the

two or three copies are known, most of the edition, according to Herrmannsen, hav-
ing been destroyed by fire. The genera proposed in it are often well conceived
and properly characterized, with references to the place of description, etc. of the
species included under them. Ifthe work is to be considered as published, there is
no doubt that the new genera proposed in it, other things being equal, must be
admitted to nomenclature.

VOL, XVIII. 20

306 BULLETIN OF THE

truth abides be considered as a binomial author. His names, when adopted by
some one who recognizes the Linnean nomenclature, may stand, but not as of
Klein, who opposed Linneus and all his works. Humphrey is the first to
adopt the Kleinian Scala for the genus, and, though he gave no definition, yet
in this case there is no doubt as to the species referred to. It would seem, there-
fore, as if the interests of science would be better served by adopting the name
of Humphrey, than by stickling for the exact letter of the law. This is the
course I have decided to follow.

The dentition of the Scalide is little known, only a few species having been
examined. It varies froma series of perfectly simple, rather short, arcuate
la.erals, to those in which the tip of the tooth is denticulated, and the shaft
is long, slender, and nearly straight, except at the base and tip. These differ-
ences do not march with the conchological characters, S. communis Lamarck
having simple teeth (Troschel), and S. Sayana Dall (S. clathrus Say pro parte),
so similar as to shell that Say united it with communis under the name of
clathrus, having deuticulate teeth. The foot in some species is bifid and doubly
carinate behind the operculum, as in S. Sayana, but this is also the case in
species like S. Trevelyana with a widely different shell. On the other hand,
S. communis has the foot tapering to a point behind (Jeffreys), and S. lineata
Say has it rounded (Stimpson). The operculum may be either stout and black,
or pellucid horny. The animal has a gizzard provided with horny plates having
a reticulated grinding surface. The Scalide@ are carnivorous, and have separate
sexes.

The soft parts of but few species are known, and the fact that their differ-
ences as far as observed do not correspond to differences of the shell as between
one species and another, renders the task of assorting the very numerous forms
into an orderly and natural arrangement still more difficult. The number of
subgenera or sections which have been proposed, in the light of present knowl-
edge, seems extraordinary, in so compact a group. Several of them, as those
of Conrad, seem to have been offered in the absence of any differential charac-
ters, and for that reason without a diagnosis, while on the other hand some
minute forms, at first referred to this family, such as Scaliola A. Adams, have
proved, on investigation of the soft parts, to belong to a totally different family.
In regard to some of the fossil forms, such as Funis Seeley, Holopella McCoy,
and Cochlearia Munster, all of which have been referred to this family, the
decision in any case must be hypothetical and unsatisfactory. Hoplopteron
Fischer, at first sight most extraordinary, seems on further investigation to be
related rather to the Lulimide. Opalia anomala Stearns has, however, a
similar lateral arrangement of the varices, which in form are paralleled in sey-
eral species of Scala provided with a larger number than is the type of Hoplo-
pteron. Other species of Scala have quite as compact aspire. Still it may
prove eventually, as Scaliola did, to belong to quite an unexpected group when
the soft parts are known, a contingency which is rendered more probable by
its minute size (1.15 mm.). This is also the opinion of Dr. Fischer, who, in
his latest work, has referred Hoplopteron to the Eulimide’

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 307

Since the above was written M. E. de Boury has undertaken the laudable
project of monographing the Scalid@ on a scale and in a manner which leave
nothing but the speedy completion of the work to be desired. I therefore re-
sign with pleasure the discussion of the various groups into which the family
may be divided, and which I had partially carried out before M. de Boury’s
project was made known to me. I do this the more readily, as I am convinced
the task is one of no little difficulty, and well worthy of special research.

The Antillean species of Scala number some forty or fifty, of which, so far
as known, but few ascend the eastern coast of the United States northward
from the Floridian peninsula except in deep water. In working up the Blake
species, notes were made in regard to several points connected with the littoral
fauna, some of which seem worthy of record.

Scala lineata Say.

Scala lineata, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II. p. 242, 1822. Not of Binney’s
Gould, p. 312, fig. 580, = S. Sayana Dall.

It appears that Kiener has fallen into some confusion in regard to this very
characteristic species; but as I have no means of referring to Kiener’s work,
I am unable to clear it up. <A sketch by Lieut. Kurtz, among Stimpson’s
MSS., shows that the animal has a short foot, rounded, like the small end of
an egg, behind, its anterior edge strongly convexly arcuated forward, with the
anterior angles projecting in an auriculate manner. The tentacles are two
thirds as long as the foot, and very slender, while the median line of the head
is not indented.

This species is found in the Caloosahatchie Pliocene of Florida. A curious
error is contained in Mr. Binney’s edition of Dr. Gould’s Report on the Inver-
tebrata of Massachusetts, p. 312, where what appears to be Say’s S. clathrus
(= Sayana Dall) is figured for S. lineata Say, a totally different species with
irregular varices, some much larger than others, and a very sharply cut basal
disk bordered by a purple line referred to by Say in his description. The
description in Binney refers to the genuine S. lineata; it was written by
Dr. Gould, but the figure does not represent that species. This error has been
copied with the figure into the Fish Commission Report for 1871-72, in Prof.
Verrill’s article on the Invertebrates of Vineyard Sound (p. 660, pl. xxi.
fig. 123).

Scala (Acirsa) costulata Micuets.
Turritella costulata Mighels, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I. p. 50, Nov., 1841.

This species has been generally known as Acirsa borealis Beck, but, as
Prof, Verrill bas already indicated (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, p. 332, Sept.,

308 BULLETIN OF THE

1882), the earliest name for it is that of Mighels, who not unnaturally de-
scribed it as a Turritella.

The history of the name borealis for this species is somewhat curious. In
1835 Sir Charles Lyell figured this species in a paper on “The Rising of
Sweden,” (Phil. Trans., 1835, pl. ii. figs. 11, 12,) but applied no specific name
to it, and referred to it as “ ? Scalaria.” It seems that Dr. Beck, who was in
correspondence with Sir Charles at the time, in regard to the stratigraphical
classification of the later tertiaries, must have applied a manuscript name to this
figure, though there is no published evidence of this until long afterward. In
the proceedings of the Geological Society of London (Vol. ILI. p. 120), Lyell
mentions, among other shells identified for him by Dr. Beck, from the St. Law-
rence tertiaries near Quebec, Scalaria borealis and Erycina labradorica. No’
author is mentioned for either, nor is there any reference to a description or
figure, even to Lyell’s figure above cited. Upon these circumstances is founded
the claim of Beck to be considered the first describer of the species, which has
also been assigned by Bronn (Index Pal., IIT. p. 1114, 1848) and others to
Lyell. All this gave no one any claim to the name as established. In fact,
Beck never described or figured the species, and the only means by which his
name became connected with it is by the citation of his manuscript name by
Lyell, in a paper on Captain Bayfield’s fossils from the Gulf and River of St.
Lawrence (Geol. Trans., 2d ser., VI. p. 136), and a suggestion of its identity
with the figure referred to, as published in the Philosophical Transactions.
The part of the Transactions containing the reference was published in the
winter of 1841-42, the exact date being inaccessible, but the matter is of little
importance. The only description of the species published (with the exception
about to be noted) until many years afterward, so far as I have been able to
find out, was that of Dr. Mighels, which should therefore take precedence.

In 1842, Moller, working at the Copenhagen Museum in codperation with
Beck, a number of whose MS. species he published in his Index to the Mollusca
of Greenland, publishes this species as named in MS. by Holboll S. Eschrichtii.
But Mighels’s specific name antedates that of Holboll, and the S. costulata
of Kiener (according to Nyst a synonym of S. tenuis) only dates from
1842. Consequently, the species must retain the name given by Mighels.
There are some further consequences connected with the establishment of
Mighels’s name. On the ground that Beck’s name was valid, and that Opalia
Adams (1853) is synonymous with Acirsa Moreh (1857), Morch in 1874 re-
named Opalia borealis Gould O. Wroblewskyi ; and, in ignorance of this, two
years later Tapparone-Canefri gave it the specific name of Gouldii on the same
grounds, and even went further and renamed Opalia, the ranking generic or
subgeneric name, Psychrosoma, on account of some confusion of ideas on his
own part in relation to the revision (in a paper of Carpenter’s) by the Messrs.
Adams of their subgenus Opalia: a revision which they thought necessary on
account of the establishment of the subgenus Acirsa by Morch subsequent to
the institution of Opalia, which would have included both. As a result, Dr.
Gould’s subgeneric name will stand, and the others fall into synonymy.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 309

Scala multistriata Say.

Scalaria multistriata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V. p. 208, 1826.

In regard to this species, also, some confusion has prevailed. An authentic
specimen preserved by Stimpson enables us to differentiate the shell. It is
especially characterized by the pointed apex, with a pale glassy few-whorled
nucleus, followed by a few faintly sculptured turns, the varices becoming close,
uniform, small, and flattish over strong spiral sculpture. About the fifth whorl
the varices become less crowded, gradually sparser though still regular, and on
the last whorl one or two may be distinctly larger than the others. With
these changes the spiral sculpture, pari passu, has become finer and fainter,
at last nearly obsolete. Kiener, according to Stimpson’s notes, has confounded
this species with S. clathratula, a specimen of which he may have received
under this name.

Specimens received from the U. S. Fish Commission under the name of
S. leptalea Bush are young specimens of this species. According to Stimpson,
who collected it at Beaufort, N. C., the animal is of pure hyaline bluish white,
spotted with opaque white on the front of the head and foot. The tentacles
are very slender, the evertible proboscis, which pulls in from the tip, is very
large and oval when protruded. The front edge of the foot is double and
rectilinear from side to side, not perceptibly auriculate.

Scala Sayana Datt.
S. clathrus Say pro parte, non Auct. or Linné.

Say described in 1831, supposing it to be the European clathrus (S. communis
Lam.), a shell from which he separated as a variety angulata, the well known
species afterward named S. Humphreysi by Kiener and S. turbinata by Conrad.
The typical clathrus of Say, however, has never been elucidated or named.
It is a white shell with nine well marked varices continuous to the apex, which
has a smooth translucent pale brown nucleus of about three whorls. It has
none of the coloration of S. communis, from pale specimens of which it differs
by its greater slenderness and delicacy, by the deeper notch where the varices
of one whorl join those of the preceding whorl, by the longer curve which the
combined varices describe around the spire in the same length, and by the ab-
sence of the prolongation of the anterior margin of the lip, which is so marked
a feature of S. communis.. In S. Sayana the interstices are polished, smooth,
with occasional faint microscopic spiral strie. It never attains the size of
S. communis ; the largest specimen I have seen has nine whorls, and measures
18 by 7 mm.

The National Museum has specimens from Virginia to Key West, and also
from Corpus Christi, Texas.

In a male specimen there were six slender nearly straight teeth on each side

310 BULLETIN OF THE

of the edentate rhachis, the tip of the largest tooth showing two deep notches,
separating two very sharp curved denticles from three much smaller denticles
below the lower notch. The foot is nearly five times as long as wide, grooved
below in its posterior half, bifid behind, double and nearly straight across the
front edge, which is a little wider than the sole behind it. The tentacles are
long and slender. The crop is armed on each side by a coriaceous plate,
opaque white inside, black outside, backed by a thin subovate horny plate,
having a minutely cellular or reticulated surface.

Scala scipio n.s.

Shell livid flesh-color, brilliantly polished, smooth, with nine to fifteen
whiter thin low varices, curved and appressed at the suture, where they are
slightly expanded; here and there one is of double size. The varices are often
but not always continuous; the whorls are rounded, ten or fifteen in number,
of which three, hardly distinguishable from the rest except by their paleness,
are nuclear ; mouth ovate, lip thin, narrow, reflected; base rounded without a
disk or cordon; suture distinct but partly filled by the expanded tips of the
appressed varices. Lon. 16.0, max. lat. 4.0 mm.

A specimen of eleven whorls, without the nncleus and with the aperture
broken, was collected by Strebel at Vera Cruz, in 1866. A tip with the nucleus
from Station 2597, in fifteen fathoms, twenty miles 8. W. by 8S. from Cape
Hatteras, N. C., was sent in by the U.S. Fish Commission, and one from
12 fms., near Frying Pan Shoals, by Dr. Rush, U. S. N., both cf which are in
the U. S. National Museum. This is the most slender recent species I have
seen, and is readily recognized by its livid pink color, glassy polish and thin
varices, compactly rolled spire, and absence of umbilicus, fasciole, or disk on
the base. It is neayest to S. actculina Hinds, but still more slender and drawn
out.

Scala apiculata n. s.

Shell white, with three smooth nuclear whorls, then three whorls each with
15-20 close low even varices, then two whorls with about ten strong high
hardly reflected varices; interspaces on the early three whorls strongly, after-
ward less strongly spirally grooved, the interspaces on the last two whorls
quite smooth; shell imperforate, lip broad, not dentate behind, obsolete on the
body whorl, and produced and somewhat scooped out anteriorly, the inner
angle of this edge making a narrow fasciole around the axis. Lon. 5.0, lat.
2.5 mm.

Habitat. Off the coast of North Carolina, Stations 2596 and 2616 of the
U.S. Fish Commission, in 17-50 fms., sand.

This interesting little shell presents certain analogies with S. multistriata Say.
It is much smaller and more turbinate, the spiral sculpture and the numerous
varices exist on fewer whorls, the spiral sculpture fails entirely on the later

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 311

whorls, and the varices are more erect and lamellar, and the suture less dis-
tinct than in S. multistriata of the same length. The fasciole is quite absent
in the last mentioned form, but they both agree in having more varices and
stronger strive on the early whorls than on later ones.

Scala modesta Apams.

Scala modesta C. B. Adams, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., II. p. 7, 1845.

The shell described by Morch (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., VIII. p. 203, 1876)
under this name, and serving as the type of his subgenus Janthoscala, is not —
the shell described by Prof. Adams, as a comparison of diagnoses shows at
once. SS. modesta, from the author’s types, is solid, white, with eleven continu-
ous varices, and is engraved all over with fine sharp spiral strize, which even
ascend the varices. Morch’s shell is smooth and has twenty-one varices, and,
as I do not find any name for it, may be called S. permodesta. S. modesta is
well distinguished from S. centiquadra Morch by the absence of decussation in
the fine sculpture, and by its much stouter build and stronger varices of trian-
gular rather than lamellar section, It has no resemblance to S. venosa Sby.,
but S. wndeciumcostata Morch is very likely a synonym of modesta.

Scala clathrus Linynz.

Scala clathrus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. xii., p. 1287. (.S. lamellosa Lam. pro parte, Mérch,
Scalide, loc. cit., p. 199.)

I am entirely in accord with Morch as to the propriety of separating the
West Indian shell from S. lamellosa (= S. commutata Mts.) of the Mediterra-
nean. With a fine series of both before me, I can find no approach to the
transition spoken of by Mr. Tryon in his Manual. The two forms are as dis-
tinguishable as the vast majority of species, and would very likely be put in
two “genera” by the so called “new school” conchologists; not that this,
however, would form much of an argument.

As the only clathrus of Linné which can be identified is the present species,
it would seem as if his name should be retained for it, otherwise it must have
anew oue, the available synonyms all referring to the Mediterranean form.

Scala babylonia n. s.

Shell thin, white, elongate, with fifteen rounded whorls (nucleus lost) each
ornamented with about twenty-five thin sharp varices each of which has a
small triangular sharp point half-way from the suture to the periphery; behind
these the interspaces are smooth to the suture; in front of the varical points
the surface is sculptured with raised flat-topped threads with wider intervals
between them and numerous still finer spiral striz; the spiral sculpture does

312 BULLETIN OF THE

not crenulate the varices; shell imperforate, without basal disk or cordon;
aperture small, lip thin, narrow, hardly reflected, tortuous and a little patulous
at the anterior end of the axis; suture very deep. Lon. 30.0, max. lat.
6.5 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2678, in 731 fms., light gray ooze,
bottom temperature 38°.7 F.

The specimen procured was fresh, but without the soft parts. This beautiful
species somewhat resembles Verrill’s figure of S. Dalliana, but is longer, much
more cylindrical, and has strong spiral sculpture which is wanting in that
species. The upper fourth of S, babylonia, which would about correspond in
size to S, Dalliana, has the costee more sparse, thin and erect, the whorls much
rounder, and the suture much deeper than in that species. None of the other
species described from deep water are much like it.

Scala (Acrilla) retifera n.s.

Shell small, thin, yellowish or grayish, with ten ordinary and three pol-
ished dark brown smooth nuclear whorls; apex acute, whorls well rounded,
suture distinct; whorls closely reticulated by (on the last about twenty-five)
little-elevated thin transverse lamella, and five strong, even, regular revolving
or spiral ribs over which the lamellz are fluted and frilled with great regularity.
The lamellz pass from the suture to the margin of the very large basal disk,
over the edge of which they pass as slightly raised lines centring at the axis of
the shell, and giving a wheel-like appearance to the disk, which is also sculp-
tured by fine radiating and stronger revolving threads; the disk is a little con-
cave, and like the rest of the shell tinged with brownish yellow, but the
columella or axis is pure white, polished, and shows a single strong spiral fas-
ciole; the lip is thin, hardly at all reflected, the margin is angulated by the
carina of the disk and at the somewhat projecting columella so that the aper-
ture has a squarish appearance. The whole base from the suture down is
occupied by the disk. Lon. 12.5, max. lat. 4.3 mm., of the largest specimen.

Habitat. Seventeen to twenty-five miles off the coast of North Carolina, at
U. 8. Fish Commission Stations 2595 and 2596, in 49 to 63 fms., sand, bottom
temperature 75°.0 F.

This very pretty species is related to Acrilla decussata of Lamarck as iden-
tified by M. de Boury. This differs from S. retifera in its smaller and less
emphasized basal disk, its much more numerous and less regular spiral strie,
and raised threads which do not flute the transverse lamelle. 8S. decussata
appears also to reach a much larger size. There is no other recent species
which is at all like S. retifera, so far as I have been able to discover. Sowerby’s
figure of decussata is not unlike S. retifera, but it does not represent the origi-
nal decussata of Lamarck, which is a fossil species.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 313

Scala Frielei n. s.

Shell small, thin, whitish, acute at the apex, rapidly enlarging, perforate;
spirally sculptured with distinct regularly evenly disposed raised threads
without interstitial striae; these are crossed by close-set fine incremental lines,
and by (in the last whorl about twenty-two) hardly raised, sharp, very thin,
irregularly disposed lamelle, which are highest near the suture but not ap-
pressed or continuous over it, and are weakest on the periphery; there are
three pale smooth polished nuclear, and four ordinary well inflated whorls
with a deep but not channelled suture; the base is rounded, the perforation
small and oblique; there is no basal disk or cordon; the mouth is rounded
oval, with a thin sharp edge; the lamellw are not crenulated by the spiral
lines. Lon. 4.75, lat. 2.5 mm.

Habitat. Off Hatteras, at Station 2595 in 63 fms., sand, U. S. Fish
Commission.

This pretty species has a good deal the aspect of S. dubia, as figured by
Sowerby (Thes., pl. xxxiii. fig. 41), but has a more acute apex and unobstructed
suture. It is named in honor of Mr. Herman Friele of Bergen, distinguished
for his excellent researches on the Mollusks of the Norwegian North Atlantic
Expedition. The varices hardly rise above the surface, and are extremely thin
and sharp.

Scala Rushii n. s.

Shell resembling in details of sculpture the preceding species, but yellowish
or livid with a pale peripheral zone; shell much more elongated and slender,
with three nuclear and six ordinary well rounded whorls; the twenty-five
lamellz on the last whorl a little more elevated and more regularly disposed,
and with a tendency to cross the suture; the base is rounded and imperforate,
the mouth rounded oval, the columellar part of the lip alone thickened, the
rest sharp, hardly reflected; the sutures are deep and the spiral sculpture very
regularly disposed. Lon. 6.25, max. lat. 2.5 mm.

Habitat. Off Hatteras, U. S. Fish Commission Stations 2595 and 2596, in
49 to 63 fms., sand ; and at Samana Bay, St. Domingo, a white, rather more
slender variety, stylina.

This elegant little species is not unlike a S. decussata in miniature, with
fainter varices or lamella, smoother surface, and no basal disk. It is dedicated
to Dr. W. H. Rush, U-'S.-N.

In the U. 8. National Museum there are two species of Scala of this general
character, which appear to be undescribed, but which I reserve for more ma-
terial if possible, as they are quite small, and represented by one or two
specimens each.

Scala sericifila n. s.

Shell slender, solid, pure white, with three translucent apical and six opaque
whorls, obtusely angulated at and a little concave behind the periphery.

314 BULLETIN OF THE

Nuclear turns glassy, smooth, the others engraved throughout with extremely
fine, sharp, well marked spiral strize crossed by about (on the last whorl
twenty-five) rounded smooth moderately elevated strong transverse ribs, very
obliquely set, appressed a little at the suture, but with no sharp angles, spines,
or irregularities. These ribs are separated by interspaces no wider than the
ribs themselves, nearly hiding the spiral sculpture; base handsomely rounded,
without disk or cordon, imperforate; aperture subcircular, lip thickened but
not varicose. Lon. 5.1, max. lat. 2.0 mm.

Habitat. Coast of Honduras, Simpson.

The appearance of this little shell is extremely elegant, owing to the com-
pact, neat, clean-cut sculpture, and the peculiar manner in which the side of
the whorl next the suture is flattened away from the periphery. I have been
unable to find any figure resembling it. The upper figure of Jeffreys’s S. semi-
disjuncta (P. Z. S. 1884, pl. x. fig. 7), if the whorls were closer together and
the varices solid and smooth instead of lamellar and angulate, would look a
little like it. It recalls a piece of “stranded” cable in which the separate
twines stand out clearly.

Scala nitidella n.s.

Shell thin, delicate, with nine well rounded and four nuclear whorls, hav-
ing the most brilliant polish; shell white or more generally liberally blotched
with cloudy spots of light brown disposed in an irregularly spiral manner
along the whorl. Varices nine, frequently continuous, low, narrow, smooth,
white, recurved, the tip appressed at the suture on to the preceding whorl.
Base rounded, umbilicate, with no spiral sculpture, cordon, or disk; whorls in
contact at the suture, which is deep and distinct; on each whorl, or nearly
every one, one of the varices is markedly larger than the others; aperture
egg-oval, lip moderately reflected, a little expanded toward the axis anteriorly.
Apex acute, whitish, glassy. Lon. 13.5, max. lat. 5.0 mm.

Habitat. Fifteen to thirty miles off the North Carolina coast, in about 50
fms., sandy bottom, U. 8. Fish Commission.

This pretty species recalls S. lineolata Kiener, from which, however, it is
more than sufficiently separated by the great difference in the number of ribs,
the form of the lip, ete. It is remarkable for the brilliant polish of its surface,
and is separated from the whole clathrus group by the absence of any basal
cordon.

Scala muscapedia n. s.

Shell thin, elongated, eight-whorled (without the nucleus) with deep sutures,
inflated whorls, and imperforate base; color white with three rows of brown
spots, about one spot to a varix, those on the base roundish, those on the periph-
ery elongate pyriform, and laid on obliquely frontwise and to the right, the
posterior series between the last and the suture resembling a faint band;

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 315

surface spirally sculptured with numerous strong raised lines between which
are 2-4 much finer ones, all reticulated by well marked elevated incremental
lines, and crossed by (on the last whorl thirteen) solid smooth white recurved
varices, mostly continuous over the spire, though descending deeply into the
suture and not appressed to the preceding whorl. Close to the suture is a
notch in each varix, over which is recurved a very short sharp spine (usually
broken off); base sculptured like the rest, with no cordon or disk, imperforate
with a very narrow axial fasciole; aperture rounded ovate; lip reflected, rounded,
not very wide, slightly anteriorly expanded but not ‘patulous. On the last
whorl one or two varices are larger than the rest. Lon. 17.5, max. lat. 5.5 mm.

Habitat. U. S. Fish Commission Station 2619, twenty-five miles off Cape
Fear, N. C., in 15 fms.

This beautiful species is nearest to S. centiquadra Morch, from which it
differs by its more numerous, smaller, and differently shaped varices, which
are compact and rounded, while in centiquadra they are sharp and blade-like ;
by its color, the last mentioned being white; and lastly by the different char-
acter of the reticulation, which is much more even in both directions in centi-
quadra than in the present species, resulting in a finer and more square network
in the former, which when worn remains in the shape of punctures.

Scala eburnea Potiez & Michaud, is among the species dredged south of Hat-
teras by the U. S. Fish Commission. It is said to be the S. fragilis of Gray.

Scala Dalliana Verrity & Smiru.

Scalaria Dalliana Verrill & Smith, Am. Journ. Sci., XX. pp. 391, 895, Nov., 1880;
Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 527, pl. lvii. fig. 38, 1882.
Scalaria clathratula Jeffreys, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 186, not of Adams.

Off Martha’s Vineyard, in 100-200 fms.; off the coast of North Carolina at
Stations 2592, 2595, and 2614, in 63-168 fms., U. S. Fish Commission.

This species was referred by Dr. Jeffreys to S. clathratula, from which it is
perfectly distinct. In examining the Scalide of the Jeffreys collection, I came
upon the specimen received by Dr. Jeffreys from Prof. Verrill, and still retain-
ing his label, upon which the erroneous opinion was based. To my surprise
it proved to be a specimen of clathratula, quite as different from the genuine
Dalliana as any of the European specimens. I mention this here, because, if no
accidental substitution has taken place, it adds one species to our fauna, and
explains what would otherwise seem an extraordinary blunder to those who
are acquainted with the two species.

Scala (Cycloscala) Dunkeriana Datt.

Scalaria soluta Dunker, Morch, Malak. Blatt., XXII, 1874, p.145; Cat. W. I. Sca-
lide, No. 10, p. 195, pl. xxix. fig. 5, 1876. Not S. soluta A. Adams, 1862, nor
S. soluta Tiberi, 1863.

Habitat. St. Thomas, W. I. Krebs; Garden Key, Tortugas, Simpson; No

316 BULLETIN OF THE

Name Key, Florida, in grass below low water, Hemphill; Turtle Harbor,
Florida, in 6 fms., Dr. Rush; Samana Bay, Santo Domingo, Couthouy.

This remarkable and beautiful little species, now first announced as a mem-
ber of the fauna of the Southern United States, requires a new name, as that
given to it by Dunker and Morch was already preoccupied both by Adams
and Tiberi.

These cycloid Scalidw, with the later whorls disjoined and the varices scal-
loped, like S. hyalina, Dunkeriana, ete., will probably require a section to
themselves, which might well be called Cycloscala.

Scala (Sthenorhytis) pernobilis Fiscuer & Bernarpt.

Scalaria pernobilis Fischer & Bernardi, Journ. de Conchyl., V. p. 298, pl. viii. figs. 2
38, 1856.
Scala pernobilis Morch, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., new ser., VIII. p. 196, 1876.

Habitat. Islet of Marie Galante, near Guadelupe, with a hermit crab, taken
in a fisherman’s net, Beau; four miles off Morro Light, Havana, Cuba, at
Station No. 2, in 805 fms., Blake Expedition; at Station 2601 of the U.S. Fish
Commission, thirty-six miles S. 4 W. from Cape Hatteras, in 107 fms., gray
sand with pebbles, bottom temperature 67°.4 F.

This is the finest known species of the group. The only specimen taken
alive and perfect is that of the U. S. Fish Commission, which measures 28 by
38mm. The operculum is black, five or six whorled, concave, with a slightly
ragged margin, dull outside, polished, with a small central prominence on the
inside. The animal exuded a vast quantity of dark purple fluid, and was white
in color.

Scala (Sthenorhytis) belaurita n s.
Plate XVIII. Fig. 11b.

Shell solid, white, smooth, with a short and sharply pointed spire of ten or
eleven rounded whorls and widely expanded pointed varices; the last whorl
forming more than half the length of the shell; nucleus glassy, thin, smooth;
whorls closely adjacent, axis imperforate; spiral sculpture consisting of a single
elevated thread passing from the posterior end of the aperture around the base;
whorls smooth and shining, their surface overshadowed by the expanded vari-
ces, of which there are thirteen on the last whorl, which seem to be continu-
ously joined to those of the preceding whorls; varices thin, broad, oblique,
sharp, concave behind, extending directly outward from their attachment he-
hind near the suture to a linguiform point, from which they round to the base
of the aperture, and passing that are welded together in a semilunate twisted
callus on the axial side of the aperture; the basal area would be well marked
were not the varices continued over it in such a way as to screen it; the aper-
ture is entire and almost circular, its margin even with the anterior plane of
the varix, which, though polished, is irregularly lightly dimpled or malleated;

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 317

interior white, polished. Lon. of shell, 8.3; of last whorl, 4.4; of last varix,
3.1; of aperture, 2.5; max. lat. of last whorl, 6.75; of varix, aperture, and
callus taken together, 4.75; of aperture, 2.3 mm.

Station 290, off Barbados, in 73 fms., sand and shell, bottom temperature
71°.0 F.

This very lovely species does not resemble closely any of those described in
the monographs. ‘The form of the varices recalls those of Hoplopteron. In its
turbiniform shape it resembles S. pernobilis, the young of which, judging from
the apex of the beautifully preserved Fish Commission specimen, have much
more solid, hardly alate varices. It most resembles S. Diane Hinds, as figured
by Reeve, but in this species, which comes from the Philippines, the ale are
situated on a different part of the varix, and are of a distinctly different shape.

One would think the sharp close-set varices an excellent defence, but the
specimen described has been drilled by a carnivorous gastropod.

Scala centiquadra Morcu.

S. centiquadra Morch, Cat. Scalide, loc. cit., p. 195, pl. xxix. fig. 4, 1876 (ref. excl.),
non Malak. Blatt., XXII. p. 145, 1874.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms., one dead specimen; Bahamas, Rawson; off
Hatteras, in 49 fms., U. S. Fish Commission.

There is no doubt that the species which Morch described in 1876, and fig-
ured as S. centiquadra is entirely distinct from the shell figured by Sowerby
under the name denticulata. Why Morch should have confounded them does
not seem plain, nor why he should have referred to the name denticulata as
preoccupied by Montagu, when Montagu’s species is a well known West In-
dian Rissoina. 8S. denticulata Sowerby is a good species, and has been obtained
at U. S. Fish Commission Stations 2595 and 2596, in 49-63 fms., about twenty
miles off the coast of North Carolina. It is striated spirally, but not decussated
like S. centiquadra. A variety (7) sent by Governor Rawson from the Bahamas
shows great irregularity in the varices, of which there are six on the last whorl,
two or three of which on each whorl are much stouter than the rest, and
rounder than in the typical denticulata. The others are fainter than the nor-
mal, and the sutures are deeper than in the type, which has about twice as many
varices. This variety I have named S. bahamensis, but I am not confident that
a larger series would not establish it as a good species.

Scala Pourtalesii Verrint & Smita.
Scalaria Pourtalesii V. & S., Am. Journ. of Science, pp. 391, 395, Nov., 1880; Trans.
Conn. Acad., V. p. 527, pl. lvii. fig. 52, 1882.

Habitat. Off Martha’s Vineyard, in 85-115 fms., Verrill; fourteen miles
west of Gun Cay, Bahamas, in 351 fms., Dr. Rush; off Sombrero, West In-
dies, in 72 fms., Blake Expedition.

318 BULLETIN OF THE

This pretty species is very near S. centiquadra, but is more turbiniform, has
a looser coil and a perceptible umbilicus, and is distinctly striated only in a
spiral direction.

Scala Krebsii Moércu.

Scala Krebsii Morch, Malak. Blatt., XXII. p. 142, 1875; Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
new ser, VILL. p,. 192) pluxxix, figs, 1,2,,1876.

Habitat. St. Martin and St. Thomas, in 60 fms., mud, Krebs; off Sombre-
ros, in 54 fms., Blake Expedition.
The single specimen obtained is rather young.

Scala contorquata n. s.
Plate XVIII. Fig. 9.

Shell small, short, broad, acute, umbilicate, with rotund whorls loosely coiled,
the later ones only joined by the fused varices; pure white, nucleus of four
and a half translucent, flattened, smooth, shining whorls; the first extremely
minute, the whole (in the type) set on obliquely to the axis of the adult, which
has four and a half whorls, apparently smooth between the varices, but with ex-
tremely fine sharp spiral strize scattered here and there sparsely; aperture very
slightly longer than wide, rounded; peristome slightly cancellately rugose on
its anterior face ; varices on the last whorl twelve, attached to the front edges of
those on the next above, thin, sharp, not wide, edge (when not chipped) simple,
slightly produced behind near the sutures; base without rib or carina, with a
narrow but deep umbilicus, around which the edges of the varices are not fused
with one another. Lon. of shell, 4.7; of last whorl, 3.2; lat. 3.5; max. diam.
of aperture, 1.6 mm.

Habitat. Station 248, off Grenada, in 161 fms., fine gray ooze, bottom tem-
perature 53°.5.

This shell is shorter and more pointed than any of the species described in
Morch’s Monograph of West Indian Scalide. Its nearest described relative is
S. Swifttti Morch, which is much more elongate, with the peristome anteriorly
effuse, an almost closed axis, broader varices, and a shorter, stouter, and larger
nucleus. <A large series might indicate a relation closer than can be assumed
from the few specimens in hand.

Scala uncinaticosta Orpieny.
Scalaria uncinaticosta Orb., Moll. Cuba, p. 19, IT. pl. xi. figs. 25-27, 1842.
Scala uncinaticosta Morch, Cat. W. I. Scalide, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser.,
VIII. p. 201, 1876.
Habitat. St. Thomas, Krebs; Guadelupe, Candé; Barbados, in 100 fms.,

Hassler Expedition.
This little species is like a diminutive S. turricula, with proportionally strong

varices and finer spiral lire.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 319

Scala polacia n. s.

Plate XVIII. Fig. 10.

Shell grayish white, thin, cylindrical with abruptly sharpened apex, twelve
rounded whorls and numerous slightly elevated thin sharp varices; nucleus
translucent, white, polished, three-whorled; subsequent whorls spirally sculp-
tured with ten to twenty slightly raised extremely fine flattened threads about
half as wide as their interspaces, uniformly distributed over the surface and of
uniform size; transverse sculpture composed by the fine sharp thin reflected
and anteriorly convex varices, numbering about twenty-eight on the last whorl
and slightly marked on their concave posterior faces by the extension of the
spiral sculpture; whorls and base beautifully rounded; suture distinct but not
deep; lip not continuous over the body; line of the varices from one whorl to
another in most cases continuous, over the whorl arched forward a little; aper-
ture nearly circular, pillar very thin and not differentiated from the rest of
the margin. Lon., 7.25; of last whorl, 2.5; max. lat., 2.5 mm.

Habitat. Lat. 24° 15’ N., Lon. 82° 13’ W., Station 5, off Cuba, in 229 fms.,
soft ooze, bottom temperature 49°.5 F.

But for the regularity of the varices and the fact that they are not crenulated,
this lovely little species might be referred to Cirsotrema.

Scala formosissima JEFFREYS.

Plate XVIII. Fig. 11.
tScalaria formosissima Jeffreys, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 140, pl. x. fig. 10.

Shell small, thin, elongated, with a brown opaque sculptured nucleus of
three and a half whorls and five and a half (or more) white normal whorls;
imperforate, but with a chink behind the inner reflection of the peristome; the
later whorls rounded, but with the periphery slightly flattened, giving a faint
angulation to the base and posterior aspect of the whorl; the earlier turns do
not show this; spiral sculpture between the sutures of some 8-12 flattened
strong riblets, with channelled interspaces which grow wider toward the aper-
ture but in general are narrower than the riblets; there are also some faint
spiral lines; the apical turn of the nucleus is smooth and slightly asymmetri-
cal, proportionally rather large and inflated, the remainder of the nucleus is
strongly marked with flexuous riblets extending from suture to suture; the
later whorls are marked with very fine transverse threads, hardly visible, and
with thin, short, sharp, somewhat oblique, numerous crenulated or finely
fluted varices, partly continuous with those of the preceding whorl and partly
intercalary; the margins of the varices, though nowhere spinous, are slightly
angulated in harmony with the above mentioned faint angulation of the last
whorl or two ; they become obsolete on the somewhat flattened base, which is
marginated by a slender elevated thread proceeding from the suture; the peri-

320 BULLETIN OF THE

stome is (in the type) not more reflected than the other varices, but may be so
in older specimens; the aperture is somewhat oblique and nearly circular.
Lon. of shell, 8.05; of nucleus, 0.5; of last whorl, 2.75; of aperture, 1.87 ;
max. lat. of shell, 2.75; of aperture, 1.87 mm.

Habitat. Station 43, Lat. 24° 8’ N., Lon. 82° 51’ W., in 339 fms., off Tor-
tugas Keys, bottom temperature 45°.0

The nucleus in this species is markedly different from that of any of the
other forms I have examined, not only in its relatively strong and peculiar
sculpture, but in its solid and opaque consistency and deep color. I have re-
ferred this shell to Jeffreys’s species with some doubt. The fragments which
represent his shell in the Jeffreys collection are much more drawn out, and
can hardly be the same thing; but the figure in the P. Z. S., though still some-
what more slender than the Blake shell, is intermediate, and I do not feel justi-
fied under the circumstances in proposing a new specific name for the latter.
I retain, however, the diagnosis and figure, which were prepared before the
publication of Dr. Jeffreys’s paper, as perhaps serving to throw a little addi-
tional light on the subject.

Scala (Dentiscala) hellenica Forses.

Scalaria hellenica Fbs., Rep. /Egean Moll., pp. 187, 189, 1843.

Rissoa? coronata Scacchi, Phil. Moll. Sicil., II. p. 127, pl. xxiii. fig. 7, 1844.

Scalaria crassilabrum Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Scalaria, p. 105, pl. xxxv. figs. 115, 116,
1847. Tryon, Man., IX. p. 82, pl. xvii. fig. 32, 1887.

Scalaria Scacchii Hérnes, Moll. Wienerbeck., I. p. 479, pl. xlvi. fig. 12, 1856. Jef-
freys, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 140, No. 20.

Scala (Opalia) sceva Morch, Cat. W. I. Scalide, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila,
VIII. Part II., 1876, p. 204, No. 38.

Scala (Opalia) subvaricosa Dunker, in Morch, loc. cit., p. 204, No. 89; var. pumilio
Morch, Joc. cit., p. 205. Not S. subvaricosa Cantraine, 1842.

Scalaria “ crassilabris Sowerby,” Morch, loc. cit., p. 205.

Scalaria hellenica Watson, Chall. Gastrop., p. 143, 1886. Tryon, Man., IX. p. 73,
pl. xv. fig. 71, 1887.

2 Scalaria Leeana Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 526, pl. lvii. fig. 54, 1882. Tryon,
Man., IX. p. 82, pl. xvii. fig. 31, 1887.

2 Scalaria bicarinata Sby., P. Z. S. 1844, p. 80; Thes. Conch. Scalaria, p. 104, pl.
xxxv. figs. 113, 114, 1847.

Habitat. Aigean Sea, Forbes; Mediterranean, Philippi and Jeffreys; Ma-
deira, Watson; Canary Islands, 40-1260 fms., Jeffreys, MacAndrew; Fernando
Noronha, 7-25 fms., Challenger Expedition; Central America, Sowerby; West
Indies, St. Thomas, Anguilla, Bahamas, Morch; Philippines, Cuming; ?Sand-
wich Islands, Pease; off Havana, in 80 and 119 fms., Sigsbee; 8 fms., in Strait
of Florida, Dr. Rush; off Frying Pan Shoals, N. C., in 12 fms., Dr. Rush;
Samana Bay, Couthouy; off coast of North Carolina, 40-168 fms., U. S. Fish
Commission; Vienna Miocene and Pliocene of Piedmont, Hornes and Nyst.

April 16, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 321

This interesting species should be studied with a large series, for individual
specimens of the varieties above referred to it would seem sufficiently distinct
for specific rank, in the absence of the connecting links. The shell, as originally
described by Forbes, Philippi, &c., is small, slender, and very obliquely twisted.
It is characterized by a spiral sculpture of flattened delicately vesicular threads,
by two revolving ridges, and by ix—xv transverse ribs. In the typical hel-
lenica the ridges are obsolete, the ribs rather strong, weakest on the periphery,
with pits between their extremities at the suture. There are usually a few
ribs, irregularly distributed, which are larger and more varicose than the
others.

In the variety pumilio (subvaricosa Dkr., non Cantraine), the anterior re-
volving ridge is basal, the posterior forms a peripheral carina; the ribs have
disappeared, leaving only nodules on the two ridges and at the suture; there
is at most one extra varix, and usually none,

The variety sceva Morch differs from the typical hellenica in its larger size,
the more oblique ribs, strongest on the periphery, the absence of the revolving
ridges, especially the anterior one, and the greater prominence of the extra
varices. It is proportionately stouter, and the sutural pits are smaller and
more numerous, even nearly obsolete at times.

In the variety nodosocarinata the ridges are strong, as in var. pumilio, but
both are more posterior, and the ribs in the intervening space are strong, regu-
lar, and oblique. In size this variety is between pumilio and sceva. There
are usually no extra varices.

In what I suppose to be variety Lecana of Verrill, but of which I have not
seen adult and perfect examples, the ridges are obsolete, the ribs more nearly
axial in direction and rather irregular in breadth, stronger on the periphery
in the last whorl only; the sutural line irregular and not foveolate, the extra
varices numerous, sometimes one to each whorl, the spiral threads rather finer
than in var. sceva. The shell is somewhat larger, and, as might be expected
from its northern habitat, less porcellanous and more earthy in color than
southern varieties, All the varieties have a smooth shining subcylindric
nucleus, which is generally brownish, or if light colored has a brownish line
near the suture. .

In the variety Mérchiana the shell is more slender; the ribs are fewer, stronger
at the periphery, obsolete at the sutures, which are regular, and form an even
spiral without pits, the whorl in front of them being evenly marginated; there
are no revolving ridges nor basal carina; the spiral sculpture is as in var.
pumilio.

In the variety bicarinata the carine are present and very strong, but not
nodose on the last whorl; from the figure the ribs would seem to be wholly
absent, but the suture is conspicuously punctate. Reeve’s figure in the Iconica
looks as if the type was a worn or beach specimen.

VOL. XVIII. i 21

Jou BULLETIN OF THE

Scala hellenica var. Mérchiana Dat.
Plate XVIII. Fig. 1.

Shell small, slender, acute, solid, finely reticulate, imperforate, with seven
and a half normal and three and a half thin, translucent, smooth, shining, nu-
clear whorls; spiral sculpture of twelve to fifteen flattened crowded threads,
a broader one marginating the anterior edge of the suture to which it is closely
appressed; these cross (on the last whorl 9-10) rather angular transverse ribs,
which on the last whorl are a little elbowed on the periphery, but in general
are pretty even, becoming obsolete toward the sutures. The spiral threads are
crossed by a multitude of extremely fine, rather even sharply defined lire,
which extend from suture to suture, neatly reticulating the spiral sculpture,
and giving to the extremely narrow interspaces a punctate aspect; there are
very few varices on the shell; in the type the last whorl begins and ends with
one; the aperture is nearly circular, with a groove around its inner margin,
outside of which is the cancellated anterior face of the very thick varix, which
is somewhat excavated behind; base rounded without carina or special sculp-
ture. Lon. of shell, 6.87; of last whorl, 2.5; of aperture, 1.25; max. lat. of
last whorl, 2.0 mm.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms.

Scala (Dentiscala) aurifila n. s.

Plate XVIII. Fig. 4.

Shell slender, solid, white, evenly tapered, with about thirteen moderately
rounded, rather strongly sculptured whorls. Nucleus? (missing in the type) ;
longitudinal sculpture consisting, first, of five or six uniform strong rounded
threads having a light yellowish color, which, when the shell is fresh, contrasts
distinctly with the opaque whiteness of the rest of the surface; these threads
pass over the transverse sculpture without nodulation, and are at a nearly
uniform distance from each other, but the space between the posterior thread
and the suture behind it is nearly twice as wide as the others; the remaining
spiral sculpture is composed of very much finer, even, uniform rounded threads,
four to six between each two large ones, and (on the last whorl) ten or eleven
between the posterior strong thread and the suture; these are on the later
whorls reticulated by similar but transverse threads, which pass over the whole
sculpture from suture to suture, but which are obsolete or absent on the
smaller whorls; in addition to these there are on each whorl about twelve
strong rounded coste or elevated waves, extending backward from the pe-
riphery of the base to the suture, which is coronated by their stout rounded
terminations with the appearance of pits between them; these ribs have a
slightly flexuous outline, and upon nearly every whorl there is one or more of
them stouter, more elevated, and more oblique than the others, having the
character of a varix; the base is rounded, the basal area is small, margined by

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 323

a strong rounded elevated thread under which the anterior ends of the trans-
verse costa appear to be inserted, forming pits between them and rendering the
outline of the basal surface somewhat stellate; within the margin there are one
or two strong and numerous fine spiral threads, but the transverse sculpture
seems obsolete; the aperture is rounded to the right, slightly flattened on the
basal side, and narrowed behind; inside white and polished and with a slightly
projecting margin behind which is the broad face of the thickened varix, over
which the sculpture of the whorl is continued to meet the aforesaid margin;
the aperture is entire, but the axis is imperforate and the whorls closely adja-
cent; the operculum is pale translucent yellow, of about three turns. Lon. of
shell, 11.0; of last whorl, 3.6; of aperture, 1.5; max. lat. of last whorl, 2.75;
of the basal area, 1.5 mm.

Habitat. Station 206, off Martinique, in 270 fins., fine sand and mud, bot-
tom temperature 49°.0 F.

This beautiful little species has quite a different aspect from the S. crenulata
group, to which it is most nearly allied. The yellowish color, which was quite
marked when fresh, has in a year faded considerably, though the shell has not
been exposed to the light. The operculum differs from that of the northern
and extreme southern Opaliz in being thin, yellow, and translucent, instead of
opaque and black.

Scala (Opalia) concava n.s. '

Shell dead and brown, with the nucleus and basal whorl imperfect; the color
is probably grayish or brownish white when in good condition; whorls 12-14,
excluding the nuclear whorls; transverse sculpture of about eleven strong, nar-
row, elevated, round-topped ribs extending across the whorls, which last, in the
young stages, are somewhat rounded, but near maturity are quite flattened;
the ribs are not continuous nor exactly alternate from whorl to whorl, but fall
in with some irregularity; beside the ribs there are many close, fine, even,
slightly elevated threads covering the whole surface and corresponding appar-
ently to the incremental lines; longitudinal sculpture consisting of similar but
less uniform revolving threads which cover the whole surface, but which a
short distance before the suture are for a little space more distant, coarser, and
more prominent than elsewhere; the intersection of these with the transverse
threads gives the surface a decayed or porous appearance under strong magni-
fication; beside this there is a single strong not much elevated carinal rib
which revolves at the periphery of the base, and between the whorls forms a
cord-like ridge separating the transverse ribs on one whorl from the same on
the next whorl; the anterior margin of the suture is appressed toward this
carina very closely; the base of the shell is smooth, and in the type quite con-
cave from the carina to the pillar, but in the last adult whorl when perfect it
is probably nearly flat; aperture rather small, angulated by the end of the
carina, squarish. Lon. of shell, 14.0; max. lat., 4.0 mm.

Habitat. Sand Key, 15 fms., with Pagurus.

324 BULLETIN OF THE

This shell had been occupied by a minute hermit crab, and had the aspect
of belonging in deeper water than that from which it was dredged. Notwith-
standing its imperfect state, its characters are sufficiently distinct from any
described species belonging to the region to identify it under any circumstances.
Its superficial aspect is not unlike a small slender brown Opalia Wroblewskyt
(= O. borealis Gould, non Beck), though the ribs are more regular and more
elevated, but placed under a strong lens the minute sculpture comes out with
distinctness, and the resemblance to O. Wroblewskyi is lost. It is related to
O. longissima Seguenza, of the Italian Tertiary, but is more cylindrical and
slender, with fewer more pronounced and straighter transverse ribs.

Scala (Opalia) discobolaria n. s.
Plate XVIII. Fig. 2.

Shell with six or more stout rounded whorls, rather rapidly enlarging;
sculpture, in a transverse sense, consisting of (on the sixth whorl sixteen)
stout rounded ribs, with interspaces not channelled, and extending from suture
to suture; surface granulose or porous, with, in the (somewhat worn) type,
no indication of distinct spiral or reticulate sculpture; base solid, thickened,
flattish or slightly convex, with a distinct margin, disk-like, granulose like the
rest; the margin is buried in the suture so that it is invisible except on the
last whorl; aperture rounded, small; color whitish externally, brownish be-
neath the white layer. Lon., 6.5; max. lat., 3.0; lon. of last whorl, 3.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 20, off Bahia Honda, in 220 fms., bottom temperature
62°.0F, Lat. 23° 2’.5, Lon. 83° 10’.5 W.

The type is considerably worn and has lost its nuclear whorls, but is per-

fectly distinct from any of the species hitherto described from the region. Its”

strong numerous rounded costze, disk-like base, rounded whorls, granular sur-
face, and unmarginated suture will suffice to distinguish it whenever perfect
specimens may be obtained.

Genus ACLIS Loven.

The position of this group does not seem very well established. I have
serious doubts as to whether it should be placed in the Scalide, or referred to
the Pyramidellide, as Jeffreys would have it. The nucleus looks as if it might
be in reality sinistral, but turned over so completely and at such an early date
as to appear dextral. Observations on the extreme young are necessary to
settle the question. All that is at present known leaves the matter doubtful.

Aclis (supranitida Woop var.?) lata Datu.
Plate XVIII. Fig. 8.
Shell like A. supranitida but proportionally wider and with a wider umbili-
cus, with the suture less distinct and the whorls less incurved; color greenish
white; whorls,.13. Max. lon. of shell, 5.5; max. lat., 2.25 mm.

;

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 325

Habitat. Barbados, in 100 fms.

This shell has a different aspect from the European species, but when the
differences are formulated, as above, they do not sound very important. I
presume it to be distinct.

Aclis egregia n.s.
Plate XVIII. Fig. 12.

Shell thin, not polished, whitish, rather acute, eleven-whorled; whorls
neatly rounded, with distinct but not open or channelled sutures; nucleus
smooth, translucent, a little pinched or turned up; the first three or four whorls
nearly smooth, the next two or three with about twenty somewhat irregular
costee which are more prominent posteriorly; the subsequent whorls are nearly
smooth, except for rather coarse lines of growth, with occasional faint indica-
tions of coste; spiral sculpture none or very little; aperture pointed behind,
somewhat produced in front, completed by a thin callus on the body; margins
hardly thickened, that of the columella slightly reflected, forming a deep chink
but no umbilicus; without teeth, plaits, or folds of any kind. Operculum and
soft parts unknown. Lon. of shell, 13.0; of aperture, 4.0; max. lat. of shell,
4.7 mm.

Habitat. Station 228, off St. Vincent, in 785 fms., fine gray sand and ooze,
bottom temperature 39°.5 F. Station 163, off Guadeloupe, in 769 fms., fine
sand, bottom temperature 39°.75.

This species is very large for a true Aclis, and may possibly belong to another
group, but agrees in all particulars with the European A. supranitida and
others of the group, with which I have compared it. In the absence of the
soft parts, some doubt must remain on the subject.

Aclis nucleata n.s.
Plate XVIII. Fig. 7.

Shell white, polished, shining, elongated, with a blunt apex and minutely
perforate base; whorls eleven and a half, less inflated and more uniform in size
than in A. egregia; nucleus immersed, oblique, much larger than in the last
species ; sculpture indistinct, consisting of irregular indefinite transverse very
slightly elevated ridges crossed here and there by obscure spiral lines, the
whole only visible under a lens and giving the surface a slightly malleated as-
pect; suture slightly appressed, distinct, not deep; aperture much as in the
last species but not quite so much produced anteriorly; pillar thin, lightly re-
flected part way over a very minute axial perforation; outer lip thin, sharp,
very little callus on the body between the posterior corners of the aperture.
Lon. of shell, 9.3; of aperture, 2.25; max. lat. of shell, 3.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 230, off St. Vincent, in 464 fms., gray ooze, bottom tem-
perature 41°.5 F.

326 BULLETIN OF THE

This little shell has a general resemblance to A. egregia except in the par-
ticulars noted, is about one third less in length and two fifths less in maximum
diameter. The nucleus is nevertheless about four times larger than that part
in A. egregia. In both it is partially turned up, and more or less immersed
in the first normal whorl, like the European species, with which I have com-
pared it.

Super-Family GYMNOGLOSSA.

Famity EULIMIDZ.
Genus EULIMA Risso.

Eulima Risso, Hist. Eur. Mérid. Moll., IV. p. 123, 1826. First species, EZ. polita
Linné.

The first discrimination of any part of this genus was the separation by
Bowdich, in 1822 (Elem. of Conchology, p. 27), of the genus Melania, as then
understood, into six groups, one of which, Melanella, was described as ‘* semi-
transparent, mouth invaded by the last whorl, white, turrited, spire curved,
marine.” The type, M. Dufresnei (pl. vi. fig. 17), is fairly well figured, and
is probably the shell generally known as Eulima major Sowerby, noted for its
distorted spire. The genus is assigned to M. Dufresne, but this is evidently a
mere compliment, as Bowdich in his foot-note says, ‘‘1 have ventured to sepa-
rate the marine Melani, under the name of Melantho, the Melanella (in the
cabinet of M. Dufresne),” etc.

In addition to the disagreeableness of doing away with a name so universally
adopted and appropriate as Hulima after sixty-two years of almost undisputed
use, it is particularly annoying to be called upon to apply to a genus remarka-
ble for the snowy whiteness of its species a name which implies that they are
‘black. There is, however, a way out of the difficulty, though not strictly reg-
ular, which the circumstances seem to justify. The principal character of
Melanella Bowdich is that the spire is curved. Risso’s species, on the other
hand, are those with straight spires; the only one he figures is a Liostraca, and
his first species is Z. polita. We may then retain the objectionable name of
Melanella for the humpbacked Eulimas, and Risso’s name for the more normal
and elegant species. In this way the laws of nomenclature will not be in-
fringed, and our feelings will be less outraged.*

Melanella was indicated by Blainville in 1825 as Subdivision C of his genus
Phasianella, and, he figures the same species as the type (Manual, pl. xxxv.
fig. 5) under the name of Phasianedla inflexa.

There are many species in the West Indies, but only a few were collected by
the Blake. Beside those herein enumerated, the following species are known

* Since the above was written, the subject has been discussed by Dr. Paul Fis-
cher in the Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. XX VII. p. 192.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 327

from the southern and eastern coasts of the United States: Hulima conoidea
Kurtz & Stimpson (Carolina coast to the Florida Keys and fossil in the
Pliocene of South Carolina); Hulima gracilis C. B. Adams (Antilles and Yu-
catan to Cape Fear, N. C.); Lulima subcarinata Orbigny (1842, + 2. oleacea,
Tryon, Man., VIII. pl. Lxix. fig. 36, non Kurtz & Stimpson, Antilles to Flor-
ida and Hatteras); Lulima Carolii Dall (E. affinis C. B. Adams, 1850, non
Philippi, 1844, Jamaica, Florida to North Carolina, in 8-63 fms., sand); and
Eulima (Melanella) gibba De Folin (63 fms., sand, off Cape Hatteras), origi-
nally from West America.

The * Odostomia” alba of Calkins (Davenport, Iowa, Acad. Sci., p. 239,
pl. viii. fig. 3, 1878; non Jeffreys, 1857); described from Florida, on a compari-
son of the original type kindly lent me by Mr. T. H. Aldrich of Cincinnati,
proves to be Lulima conoidea Kurtz & Stimpson. Both the original figure
and Tryon’s copy of it look very little like the specimen itself.

Section EULIMA sg. s.

Hulima intermedia CanTRAINE.

Eulima oleacea Kurtz & Stimpson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., IV. p. 115, 1851.
Eulima intermedia Cantraine, Bull. Acad. Bruxelles, p. 14, 1835. Jeffreys, P. Z. S.
1884, p. 866; Brit. Conch., IV. p. 503, V. p. 214, pl. Ixxvii. fig. 4.

Habitat. Barbados, in 100 fms. Northward to New England. Mediterra-
nean, British Seas, etc.

It is probable that the name of intermedia ought not to stand, as the original
description would have applied to any Hulima and many other shells. It
would have been impossible to identify Cantraine’s shell except with his speci-
mens. On the other hand, the name has come into use, and the shell has been
identified, while the American name and species are little known. I have
compared authentic specimens of both species, and have no doubt of their
identity.

Eulima jamaicensis C. B. Apams.
Eulima jamaicensis C. B. Adams, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., II. p. 6, 1845.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico, Station 20, in 220 fms.; also Barbados, in 100
fms. Florida, Hemphill and Jewett.

For some time Mr. Tryon identified this species with Hulima pusilla Sow-
erby. In his Manual he does not unite them, but unites two equally dis-
similar species under that name (cf. figs. 6, 7, pl. Ixviii., Man., Vol. VIII.). He
also identified for the Museum Eulima gracilis C. B. Adams as E. pusilla Sby.,
but gracilis is very easily distinguishable from jamaicensis. These errors are
not repeated in the Manual, but are worth mentioning, for the sake of numer-
ous collectors, for whom the above identifications were made, and who may
not be aware that Mr. Tryon finally came to a different opinion. The speci-
mens in the National Museum were received from Prof. Adams, and have
lately been compared with his original type.

328 BULLETIN OF THE

Section MELANELLA Bownpicu.

Eulima arcuata C. B. Apams.
Plate XIX. Fig. 11.
Eulima arcuata C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch., p. 110, 1850.

Eulima curva (Jeffr. MS.) Monterosato, Journ. de Conchyl., XXII. p. 269, 1874.
Not described. Tryon, Man., VIII. pl. Ixix. fig. 49.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Jamaica,C.B. Adams. Mediterranean, Ara-
das, Monterosato.

The types of Jeffreys and C. B. Adams have been compared, and are iden-
tical. E. arcuata Sowerby (in Reeve, 1866) is a synonym of E. major Sow-
erby (1834), which in turn is a synonym of Melanella Dufresnei Bowdich
(1822) and Phasianella inflexa Blainville (1825). It is a totally distinct and
very much larger species.

Bulima elongata (Dautzenserc) Dat.

Eulima curva var. elongata Bucquoy, Dollfuss, and Dautzenberg, Moll. Mar. de
Roussillon, I. p. 21, pl. xxi. fig. 15.
Eulima distorta Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 526, not of Philippi.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Key Largo, Florida, in fine mossy alge at
low water, rare, Hemphill. Off the Carolina coast, 22-63 fms., sand, bottom
temperature 73°.5 to 75°.0 F., U.S. Fish Commission. Norway (Sars) to
the Mediterranean and Canary Islands.

This form seems to retain its characters so faithfully, that I can see no
reason why it should not be considered as good a species as most others in the
genus.

Subgenus LEIOSTRACA H. & A. ADAms.

I can see no reason why Leiostraca and Leiostracus should not exist simul-
taneously in nomenclature, any more than Cyprina and Cyprinus. To reject
these established names in favor of Subularia and Venilia, as has been pro-
posed, is contrary to the spirit of scientific nomenclature, and serves to retard
rather than advance science. If it be thought impracticable to adopt for
Melanella the arrangement above suggested, the name of Eulima must be
conserved for this group, and Leiostraca be abandoned.

Eulima (Leiostraca) acuta Sowerey.

Eulima acuta Sowerby, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 8. Tryon, Man., VIII. p. 280, pl. lxx.
fig. 82, 1886.

Eulima bifasciata Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, I. p. 216, pl. xvi. figs. 1-3, 1842.

? Eulima stenostoma Verrill (Jeffreys), Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 536, 1882.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Samana Bay, St. Domingo, Dall. Off Frying
Pan Shoals, in 12 fms., Dr. Rush, Off Cape Lookout, North Carolina, in 22

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 329

fms., sand, bottom temperature 78°.2, U. S. Fish Commission. ? Gulf of
St. Lawrence (fide Jeffreys). West coast of Central America, Sowerby.

This species when in fine condition sometimes shows a pale yellow spiral
line or two, on the last whorl, but it is usually white or translucent.

The other species of the subgenus known from our southern coast are
E. (£.) Hemphillii Dall, from the Florida Keys, and E. (L.) bilineata Alder
(1848, + fulvocincta C, B. Adams, 1850), which extends from Jamaica and
St. Domingo to Florida, North Carolina, the Mediterranean, British Isles, and
Norway. There is also a species with brown varices and a brown peripheral
line, which I have only fragments insufficient fully to characterize,

Eulima (Leiostraca) fusus n. s.
Plate XIX. Fig. 11 b.

Shell very acute at both extremities, smooth, polished, white, without sculp-
ture except the trifling inequalities due to growth; whorls (tip of two or three
whorls gone) about ten, slightly angulated at the periphery, flattened behind,
anteriorly subconical; suture distinct but shallow; aperture narrow, before and
behind rather acute, almost canaliculate in front; the pillar straight, slightly
callous; outer lip thin, simple. Lon. of shell, 13.3; of last whorl, 6.0; of
aperture, 3.8; max. lat. of shell, 3.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 100, off Morro Light, Havana, Cuba, in 400 fms., bottom
temperature 39°.75. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

A remarkably spindle-shaped shell, with the aperture almost channelled in
front.

Genus NISO Risso.
Niso splendidula Sowersy.

Niso splendidula A. Adams, Thes. Conch. Niso, p. 801, No. 4, pl. clxx. fig. 8, 1854.
Eulima splendidula Sowerby, P. Z. S. 1884.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2619, off the coast of North Caro-
lina, 25 miles S. E. from Cape Fear, in 15 fms., sand. Station 2402, in 111
fms., mud, between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida, in
the Gulf of Mexico. St. Elena, west coast of Central America in 6-8 fms.,
sandy mud, Cuming. Pliocene of Florida.

This magnificent shell can be identified at once by the chestnut articulations
of the white bands behind the suture in the young, and on both sides of it in
the adult. It has an extremely fine brown line at the keel, and at the com-
pleted margin of each varix. The body color is a handsome yellow brown.

330 BULLETIN OF THE

Niso interrupta Sowersy.
Plate XVIII. Figs. 5, 6.

Niso interrupta A. Adams, loc. cit., pl. clxx. fig. 9.

Eulima interrupta Sby., P. Z. S. 18384, fig. 9.

Niso egleés Bush, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., VI. p. 465, pl. xlv. figs. 10, 10a, 1885;
Annual Rep. U. 8. Fish Commission for 1883, p. 83, 1885.

Habitat. Gulf of Mexico at Station 36, in 84 fms. Barbados, 100 fms.
Station 220, near Santa Lucia, in 116 fms., rocky bottom, temperature 58°.5 F.
East coast of the United States, south of Hatteras, U. S. Fish Commission.
West coast of Central America, Cuming. Japan, Dunker.

All the species of Niso, so far obtained from the east coast of the United
States and Central America, are probably derivable from one species. They
differ only by trifling distinctions of form and by their colors. The northern
specimens, whatever their color, have the whorls slightly flatter than those
from the Antilles or the Gulf.

The variations are as follows: —

White, with traces of color at the varical angles. (Sta. Lucia.) LV. interrupta
var. albida, Dall, Pl. XVIII. figs. 5, 6.

White, with brown keel. (Barbados.) Var. circinata Dall.

Pale brown, with narrow dark brown keel, no white bands. (Gulf of Mexico
and West America.) NN. interruptas. s.

Pale brown, with broad brown band between two white bands at periphery.
(Hatteras, N. C., 15-107 fms.) NV. interrupta var. tricolor Dall.

Brown, more or less suffused with purple, brown band narrow, no white
bands, flushes of purple brown on base and behind varices, (Carolina coast,
7-100 fms.) NV. interrupta var. cegleés Bush.

Umbilical keel with white band on each side, other colors like var. tricolor,
but all the white bands articulated with chestnut spots. NV. (var. ?) splen-
didula Sby.

All of these forms exhibit transverse evenly distributed sharp straight
scratches, extending forward from the suture. In general, they are difficult to
see on account of the polish of the surface. The proportions are the same in
all, but the young are more sharply keeled at the periphery. The keel is
obsolete in the adult shell. The length and number of whorls of the largest
specimen of each variety I have been able to examine are as follows :—

. NV. splendidula. Lon. 27.0, lat. 10.0 mm., whorls 17.

. NV. interrupta var. tricolor. Lon. 18.5, Jat. 8.0 mm., whorls 14.
. NV. interrupta var, egleés. Lon. 12.0, lat. 4.8 mm., whorls 12.
. NV. interrupta var, albida. Lon. 8.1, lat. 3.5 mm., whorls 11.

. NV. interrupta var. circinata. Lon. 6.6, lat. 3.0 mmn., whorls 9.

6. NV. interruptas.s. Lon, 14.3, lat. 5.6 mm., whorls 14,

In the above list the nuclear whorls are not counted in any, since they are
lost from some of the examples. Only numbers 1, 2, and 6 were sufficiently

oP G be

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. ool

adult to have lost the peripheral keel on the last whorl. TI have never seen an
adult of the var. egleés, though my specimens are much larger than Miss
Bush’s types. The greater size of N. splendidula probably entitles it to spe-
cific distinction, at least until the adult extreme of NV. interrupta is known.
The transverse engraving is present on all, though varying with individuals as
to strength; the section Volusia of Adams does not therefore seem required for
N. imbricata, which differs only by the extent to which these are emphasized.

A fine Niso, which seems to differ from NV. splendidula only in being slightly
wider, and in having more numerous whorls near the apex in the length, is
found in the Caloosahatchie Pliocene of Florida. Without the nuclear whorls,
and perhaps one or two post-nuclear ones, the fossil has 14 whorls, with a length
of 31 and a breadth of 13 mm. The markings, so far as visible, indicate a
pattern like that of splendidula ; the last whorl has no keel on the periphery,
and the umbilical funnel seems a little wider proportionally than in WN. splen-
didula. This shell, which is doubtless the ancestor of the last mentioned
species, is not rare in the Caloosahatchie beds, and may be called N. Willcox-
tana after Mr. Joseph Willcox of Philadelphia, who assisted me in the most
cordial manner to investigate that fossil fauna.

Famity PYRAMIDELLIDZ.
Genus PYRAMIDELLA Lamarck.
Section LONGCHEUS Morcu.

Shell elongated, with a peripheral sulcus and the umbilicus closed or nearly
closed, a distinct notch in the aperture anteriorly, which is followed by a well
marked fasciole bounding the umbilical chink.

The species of this group have, in my opinion, been inconsiderately lumped
together by Mr. Tryon in his Manual of 1886.

Pyramidella crenulata Hotmes.

Obeliscus arenosa Tuomey & Holmes, Pliocene Foss. S. C., p. 126, p. p. 1857, not
of Conrad.

Obeliscus crenulatus Holmes, Post Pl. Foss., p. 88, pl. xiii. figs. 14, 14 a, 1859.

Pyramidella alveata Conrad, Silliman’s Am. Journ. Sci., 2d ser., II. p- 398, 1846.
(Tampa Bay, not described.)

Obeliscus floridanus Morch, Malak: Blatt., 1875, p. 158.

Syrnola pulchella var.? Morch, Malak. Blitt., 1875, p. 159, probably.

Pyramidella tessellata Adams (fide Poey), Arango, Malac. Cubana, p. 161, 1880;
not of Adams.

Obeliscus tesselatus Dall, Hemphill’s Shells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, p. 880; not
of Adams.

Pyramidella conica Tryon, Man., VIII. p. 302, 1886; not of C. B. Adams.

Pyramidella hastata Tryon, op. cit., p. 802; not of A. Adams.

Boe BULLETIN OF THE

Pyramidella variegata Tryon, op. cit., p. 802; not of Carpenter or A. Adams.
Pyramidella candida Tryon, op. cit., pp. 802, 873 ; not of Morch or Meuschen.

Habitat. Carolina coast southward to Florida and Cuba. St. Thomas,
Cuming. West Florida, low water, to 2 fms., in the sea-weed or on muddy
flats, Hemphill.

The first person to observe this species was Conrad, in 1846, during his visit
to Tampa, where he found it living, rare, on the shores of the bay. He named,
but unfortunately did not describe it, though there is no doubt that his obser-
vations can apply only to this species. Subsequently, after being at first con-
founded with its precursor, the Pliocene P. arenosa Conrad, it. was described
by Holmes from the Post Pliocene, its existence in a recent state being also
referred to. The differences between arenosa and crenulata lie chiefly in the
more elegant sculpturing and crenulation of arenosa. The differences in the
teeth and folds alluded to by Holmes are not constant. Subsequently, the living
shell was dredged by Stimpson, at Beaufort, N. C.

The west coast representative of this species is P. conica C. B. Adams. A
pale rosy specimen of this was apparently described a little later by A. Adams
under the name of Obeliscus hastatus. Another beautiful color variety of this
species is P. variegatus Cpr. (non A. Adams). ‘These have dark and light
varieties like the crenulata. All these and the next species have been lumped
together by Mr. Tryon under the name of P. conica C. B. Adams. They are
nearly related, but in my opinion distinct species. P. crenulatus has the two
anterior small plaits dark brown, even in its light colored varieties. In P. con-
ica they are always white like the large posterior plait, even in the darkest
specimens. It is possible that the original hastatus A. Adams may be distinct
from P. conica, but the specimens I have seen labelled hastata seemed to be
merely a pale pinkish slender variety of conica. The variegatus Cpr. is ele-
gantly marbled and mottled with brown, white, and pearl gray. There is
another very delicate Californian species belonging to the typical section of the
genus which does not seem to have been named. It is about 10.0 mm. long,
and 4.0 mm. wide; white, with numerous golden brown dotted or hairlike
spiral lines; a smooth or lightly spirally striate surface; moderately rounded
whorls, about nine in number, without the usually decollate nucleus; the su-
ture distinct but not channelled; the umbilicus reduced to a mere puncture or
even absent; the pillar with one large and two anterior small folds, more trans-
verse than in P. conica and stronger; fasciole obsolete; the outer lip sharp
with three or four lire in the throat. This species, which stands about mid-
way between the two sections of the genus, was collected near the mouth of
the Colorado River, at the head of the Gulf of California, by Dr. E. Palmer,
and may be called P. auricoma. It is like P. monilifera on a much smaller
scale.

Stimpson observed, and I have confirmed it, that the operculum of P. crenu-
lata is thin and corneous, with a reniform outline. It consists of about two
turns, the spiral part being very minute and within the margin. It has a

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 333

median spiral double rib, and is often notched by rubbing against the colu-
mellar plaits. The animal is pale, the tentacles flat and triangular with the
black eyes rather close together, between rather than on the bases of the ten-
tacles. Below, the mentum extends in two triangular flaps, rather smaller than
the tentacles. The front of the foot is also triangularly auriculate at the
corners, The animal is sluggish. Stimpson could find no radula. The pale
variety is probably what Moérch has doubtfully referred to “ Syrnola” pulchella,
which is not a Syrnola,

Pyramidella candida Morcu.

Obeliscus (Longchaus) candidus (Meuschen) Morch, Malak. Blatt., 1875, p. 158.
< Pyramidella conica Tryon, non C, B. Adams.
? Pyramidella Gundlachi Dunker MS., Arango, Mal. Cuban, p. 161, 1880 (name only).

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms., northward to the Carolina coast, in 15-200
fms., U. S. Fish Commission. Samana Bay, St. Domingo, Dall. Turtle
Harbor, Florida, in 6 fms., Dr. Rush.

I have never been able to obtain a copy of Meuschen’s work. It is impossible
to say how much probability there is of an identification of the present shell
with the poor figures of the last century. The name must stand as of Morch,
The P. Gundlachi of Dunker does not seem to have been described, but is
probably this species. P. crenulata is larger, wider, with less sharply cut and less
distinctly crenulated suture, and is rarely light colored, the brown columella
and anterior plaits remaining dark even in pale specimens, which, like the
varieties of conica on the west coast of America, are usually pinkish and deli-
cately maculated with brown. /P. candida is pure white; it sometimes has an
opaque white spiral line on the middle of the whorl, and two large and one or
two small lire in the throat, usually one less than a P. crenulata of the same
size. The specimens sent by Dr. Rush show how curiously growth takes
place in the different parts. Some have a perforate umbilicus, no lire, and a
simple columella without a plait or tooth; a little later in the stage of growth
the large and then the two small folds are developed on the pillar, and lastly
the lire opposite. A person without the intermediate stages would hardly
dream that the toothless and the toothed shells belonged even to the same
genus, though of course the folds on the pillar exist behind it and in the
antecedent whorls.

Section PHARCIDELLA Datu.

In Fischer and Tryon’s Manuals the section Amoura De Folin is referred to
as constituted for Pyramidelle with longitudinal spirals on the base and sides
and faint transverse ribbing. But Amoura is merely a misprint for Amaura
Moller, and the type is a shell which should be referred to Syrnola as a section,
or to Careliopsis, if separated at all. There is really but one columellar fold,

334 BULLETIN OF THE

the second is merely the projection of one of the basal spirals, like those of
Triptychus. If this misprint is to be elevated to the dignity of a section or
subgenus, it should not be placed with the true Pyramidellas at all, for it evi-
dently is but distantly related to them. But among the minutiz of the Alba-
tross dredgings in the Antilles I find a specimen of a genuine Longcheus with
strong transverse plaits or ribs across the whorls, a peripheral sulcus, and the
other characters as in Longcheus. If this is worth distinction as a section, it
may take the name of Pharcidella.

Pyramidella (Pharcidella) Folinii n. s.

Shell small, pinkish white, eight-whorled; form much like that of P. candida,
with a strong deep peripheral sulcus; the posterior margin of the sulcus with
a strong keel, the anterior margin lower, with a faint keel; base rounded,
finely spirally striate with evident incremental rugosities; space between the
sutures flattish, with twenty or more strong transverse equal ribs; suture deep,
channelled, not crenulate; aperture quadrate, the pillar with three folds, the
outer lip with three internal lire; the anterior teeth are oblique; there is a
chink and a strong fasciole behind the pillar; the nucleus is lost. Max. lon.
of shell, 5.0; max. lat. of shell, 2.0 mm.

Near Barbados, in 98 fms., sand, U. S. Fish Commission.

2 Section TIBERIA JEFrrreys.

Pyramidella nitidula A. Apams.

Syrnola nitidula A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 355, 1860.

Pyramidella (Tiberia) nitidula Jeffreys, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 365, pl. xxvii. fig. 8.

Odostomia (Obeliscus) nitidulus Watson, Rep. Chall. Gastr., p. 487, 1885.

Pyramidella minuscula Monterosato, P. mediterranea Monterosato, Obeliscus sufarci-
natus Watson, and O. tinctus Watson, fide Jeffreys, loc. cit.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Japan, A. Adams, Mediterranean, Jeffreys,
etc., 25 to 1095 fms.

This shell may not belong with Pyramidella. It is very near Lulimella
Smithii except for the plaits on the pillar. I am in doubt whether Mr. Adams's
first reference was not the most correct. Still, the pillar is very like that of
Pyramidella. It is very widely distributed, both in area and depth. I cannot
see sufficient reason for referring it to Odostomia.

Section PYRAMIDELLA s.s.

Pyramidella dolabrata Ling.

This beautiful and well known shell is found in Florida and the Antilles.
I can see no sufficient reason for separating the Antillean and Indo-Pacific

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 335

specimens, even as varieties. It is not among the Blake species, but has been
received from the Bahamas, Key West, Cuba, Guadelupe, St. Thomas, Porto
Plata, St. Martin’s, Anguilla, and other West Indian localities, including the
Swan Islands off Yucatan. It is the type of the genus and also of Humphrey’s
undescribed genus Obeliscus, which thus becomes an exact synonym of Py-
ramidella,

A species of Syrnola or Styloptigma, under the name of S. turritus A. A.
Adams, has been received from H. Cuming, as from the West Indies, but this
locality requires confirmation. The original locality for S. turritus was Japan.

Genus TURBONILLA Risso.

Turbonilla (Leach MS.) Risso, Hist. Eur. Mér. Moll., p. 224, 1826. Type, Turbo
lacteus Linné.

Chemnitzia Orbigny, 1839, not 1850.

Turbonella (Leach) Gray, 1857.

Fortunately for the present completion of this Report, and owing to the use
of the trawl rather than the dredge, very few of this genus were obtained. I
have been collecting material for some years, and have most of the described
American species represented in the collection under my charge, and beside
those which I can identify there are at least fifteen, and perhaps twenty,
diagnosable forms which appear to be undescribed. It is impracticable to at-
tempt, therefore, any revision or review of the species helonging to our region
in this paper.

Those who would go further are referred to Prof. Verrill’s papers, Mr.
Tryon’s very praiseworthy account in his Manual, and the other literature on
the subject. Bulletin No. 24 of the U.S. Geological Survey enumerates the
species which have been mentioned in connection with the area under
discussion.

Turbonilla belotheca n. s.

Plate XXVI. Fig. 7d.

Shell white, like polished ivory, with a faint yellowish broad band behind
the periphery, or all pale yellow brown fading toward the apex; nucleus lost
but apparently small and smooth; remainder (fifteen) of the whorls solid,
strong with a slightly malleated aspect; spiral sculpture of the finest and most
delicate scratches above the periphery, not constant or prominent anywhere,
entirely absent from the rounded base and obsolete on the ribs; transverse
sculpture of about twenty broad rounded ribs or waves, which disappear without
reaching either suture, except on the early whorls; they are nearly straight,
especially near the apex; incremental lines evident and somewhat irregular;
aperture longer than wide; pillar incurved to form a single well marked plica-
tion. Lon. of shell, 14.0; lat. of last whorl, 3.0; lon. of last whorl, 4.0 mm.

336 BULLETIN OF THE

Habitat. West of Florida, in 50 fms. Gulf of Mexico, at Station 32, in 95
fms. Barbados, in 100 fms.

This species recalls 7’. paucistriata Jeffreys, which is smaller, smoother, and
much less strongly ribbed. It does not resemble any of the northern species
dredged by the Fish Commission, and it is more solid, and has a sleeker ap-
pearance than any of the shallow-water species of our coast.

Turbonilla flavocincta C. B. Apams.

Chemnitzia flavocincta Adams, Contr. Conch., p. 74, 1852.

Habitat. Barbados, 100 fms. Jamaica, C.B. Adams. Samana Bay, Santo

Domingo, Couthouy.
This pretty and characteristic species has not yet been collected on the coast

of the United States.

Turbonilla interrupta Torren var. fulvocincta JEFrrREYs.
Plate XXVI. Figs. 2, 2b.

Melania rufa Philippi, Moll. Sicil., I. p. 156, pl. ix. fig. 7, 1836.
Odostomia rufa Phil. var. fulvocincta, Jeffreys, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 356.

Turritella interrupta Totten, Am. Journ. Sci., Ist ser., XXVIII. p. 352, fig. 7, 1885.

Turbonila rufa Jeffreys, etc.

. Habitat. Barbados, in 100 fms. Massachusetts, southward on the American
coast. Shediak Bay, Nova Scotia, Whiteaves. Fossil in the Post Pliocene of
Wando, South Carolina.

This species is, as claimed by Jeffreys, identical with Philippi’s rufa. The
specimens pass through the same series of varieties. The form reported under
this name from Nova Scotia by Whiteaves is remarkably distinct, taken by
itself, but I suspect a connecting series could be obtained. T. Rviser Morch
is probably identical. Extremely fine, large, delicately brown banded and
finely sculptured southern specimens constitute my 7. vridaria. The forms
virga and punicea, described and queried by me as varieties of viridaria, are
distinct. I have examined many hundred specimens from all parts of the
coast, and find the modifications brought about by temperature are wider and
more marked than any that occur among individuals from a single locality,
and usually of a different kind. The northernmost specimens will always ex-
hibit a tendency to loss of sharpness in sculpture, a rudeness in the general
aspect, a thinner shell, and thicker and darker epidermis; sometimes a marked
decrease in size. Specimens far south from the metropolis of a species are
apt to be smaller, more sharply sculptured, brighter colored, with a thinner or
indistinct epidermis, and a tendency to abnormality about the coil of the last
whorl and the peritreme of the aperture.

These small shells, when collected from a sufficiently wide geographical

April 18, 1889.

Po

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 337

range, will tell the story quite as well as the large ones, if not better, as the
small species, not living too close to the beach, have a wider average geographi-
cal range than the large ones from any depth of water. The present species
affords an excellent example of this rule, and a study of its variations is most
instructive.

The figure of the soft parts of this species which appears herewith is from
the unpublished manuscript of Dr. Wm. Stimpson, who observed it at Charles-
ton, S. C.; and collected specimens in Massachusetts Bay, The Chemnitzia
speira of Ravenel figured by Holmes in his Post Pliocene Fossils of South Car-
olina (p. 82, pl. xiii. figs. 1, 1a) is with little doubt a synonym of interrupta.
The species figured by Holmes as interrupta is, however, probably something
else,

Turbonilla curta n. s.

Plate XXVI. Fig. 7c.

Shell waxen white, acute, with nine or ten rather inflated whorls; nucleus
inflated, globose, sinistral, polished, mostly immersed; remaining whorls sculp-
tured with (on the last whorl) about twenty-five close-set rounded ribs, extend-
ing from suture to suture, and but little curved; also a few faint lines of
growth; no spiral sculpture; base smooth, except for a few lines of growth;
general surface polished; aperture subquadrate; pillar slender with a faint
spiral ridge; suture very distinct. Lon. of shell, 8.3; of last whorl, 2.9; max.
lat. of shell, 2.75 mm.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. Off Hatteras, in 15-124 fms., sand,
temperature 61° F.; U. 8. Fish Commission.

This shell may not be perfectly mature, but in any case is unusually short
for its breadth. The figure appears slightly less acute than the shell itself,
and the anterior prolongation of the aperture is due toa fracture. It differs
from all the species figured by Orbigny, Jeffreys, Watson, and Verrill, and I
cannot identify it with any of the unfigured species of this puzzling group.

The ridge or plica on the pillar is undoubtedly variable among individuals
in some, if not all, of the species of this group. When apparently absent near
the mouth it can usually be found on the pillar of the more apical whorls.

Turbonilla pusilla C. B. Apams.
Chemnitzia pusilla Adams, Contr. Conch., p. 74, 1852.

Habitat. Barbados, in 100 fms. Jamaica, Adams. Northward to the
Vicinity of Cape Hatteras, N. C., in 15-63 fms., sand, U. S. Fish Commission.

A single well preserved specimen of this species was obtained from the
Blake collection. It seems to be rather rare everywhere.

VOL. XVIII. 22

338 BULLETIN OF THE

Subgenus EULIMELLA Fores.

Eulimella unifasciata Forszes.
Plate XIX. Fig. llc.

Eulima unifasciata Forbes, Rep. A.gean Inv., p. 188, 1843.

Odostomia unifasciata Jeffreys, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 351, pl. xxvi. fig. 8.

Eulimella Smithii Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 538, pl. lviii. fig. 18, 1882.
Turbonilla Smithit Verrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III. p. 380, 1880.

Habitat. Barbados, in 100 fms. Northward to the vicinity of Martha’s
Vineyard, in 85-120 fms., living, U. S. Fish Commission. European seas, the
Mediterranean, Aigean, the Bay of Biscay, and the Azores, 30-1622 fms.,
Jeffreys.

Eulimella scille Scacchi is found in the Antilles, Florida, and North
Carolina.

Section STYLOPSIS A. Apams.
Eulimella (Stylopsis) resticula n. s.

Shell extremely small and thin, with a minute upturned sinistral nucleus
and eight swollen yet laterally flattened whorls. The shell is without lustre,
of a waxen white, translucent, the gray mottled with black and yellow of the
dried animal shining through the shell. Sculpture entirely of even fine spiral
close-set microscopic grooves, covering the entire surface. Coil, as it were,
pulled out and closely wound like a “stranded” rope; whorls laterally slightly
compressed, but swollen in front of the suture and so having a turrited look:
base elongated; aperture rounded in front, narrow but rounded behind, the
margins and slightly arched pillar simple and continuous except over the body.
There is no umbilical chink or depression, nor any plait on the pillar. Lon. of
shell, 3.5; lat., 0.7 mm.

Habitat. Rare on the sand flats between tides at Key West, Hemphill.

A singularly frail and odd-looking little shell.

Subgenus CARELIOPSIS Morcu.

Careliopsis styliformis Morcun.

Monoptygma (Careliopsis) styliformis Mérch., Malak. Blatt., XXU. p, 169, 1874.
Type of the subgenus.

Habitat. St. Thomas (Riise), Mérch. Beach, Sarasota Bay, W. H. Dall.

This curious little shell is like a minute slender but few-whorled T'urbonilla,
thin, white, with no ribs, spirally closely grooved. Watson’s figure of his
Mucronalia xanthias is a good representation of our shell, except the mouth,

<i

=

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 339

which is entirely different. The present species has the mouth of a Turbonilla.
It is now for the first time reported from the United States,

This group is related to the ordinary Turbonillee, much as Cingula aculeus
Gould is to the species of Alvania, or as A’sopus is to Anachis.

Amaura (Amoura by err. typ.) anguliferens De Folin, probably, and Jaminea
Duponti De Folin, from Mauritius, certainly, belong to this section,

2? Genus SYRNOLA A. Apams.
Subgenus OSCILLA A. Apams.

This group was according to Tryon proposed for forms of the Syrnola type,
with strong spiral sculpture and a single strong spiral parietal plait. I have
not seen the type, or even a good figure of it, if the above statement be cor-
rect, for Adams’s figure in the Thesaurus (pl. clxxi. fig. 26) shows distinctly
three plaits, which are even perceptible in Tryon’s copy of it (pl. lxxiv. fig.
28). Then Morch in the Malak. Blatter (Vol. XXII. p. 158, 1875) proposes
a new subgenus Triptychus, which is said to differ from Oscilla by “ columella
triplicata nec uniplicata.” I presume that the diagnosis in the Thesaurus
merely meant that there was one strong plait beside the two fainter ones, and
the name Oscilla was based rather on the sculpture than the plaits. I have no
doubt that Oscilla and Triptychus are synonymous, and the O. annulata and
Morch’s T. nivea (my Pyramidella ? vincta of a later date) are even very simi-
lar species.

Oscilla nivea is found in the Florida Keys, in St. Domingo, St. Thomas, St.
Martin, and Vieque. If this species be a proper representative of the group,
I should feel disposed to separate it generically from Syrnola, for it certainly
has quite peculiar characters. The strong parietal spiral thread is really the
result of the basal sculpture, which enters the aperture and is overlaid with
callus. The strong plait on the pillar is also coincident with a basal cord,
which coils around the pillar and is much enlarged by the addition of callus,
The two fainter anterior plaits are often obsolete, or nearly so. None of them
have the horizontality and sharpness, like that of a screw-thread, so character-
istic of Pyramidella proper, and yet they do not turn in with a twist like the
pillar lip of Syrnola. The outer lip is lirate in the adult.

? Genus PERISTICHIA Da tt.

Shell elongated, acute, many-whorled, dextral, with a small sinistral nucleus,
spirally or reticulately sculptured; aperture ovate, lips thickened; columella
straight, simple, without plaits; a basal cord entering the aperture on the body
between the pillar and the outer lip; aperture anteriorly a little effuse, but not
channelled in front of the pillar; outer lip varicoid in the adult, internally with
a few very strong lire; soft parts ?

Type, Peristechia toreta Dall, Florida Keys.

340 BULLETIN OF THE

This genus has the spire, sculpture, and nucleus of Mathilda; the basal cord
is like that of Oscilla nivea; the outer lip, though less patulous and more
varicose, has something about it which recalls Rissoina. It is like an Oscilla
without columellar plaits, or like a Mathilda with a thickened and internally
lirate peritreme and rounded base. As far as one may judge from the charac-
ters of the shell alone, this genus would indicate the passage between Mathilda
and Oscilla; the interrogation mark I have put before it indicates my doubt as
to where it should be placed.

Peristichia toreta n. s.

Shell slender, yellowish white, thirteen-whorled; nucleus minute, glassy,
set on edge, having about two turbinate whorls; spire with the suture distinct,
marked by a plain or slightly undulate thread behind it; behind this is a
strong nodulated spiral, with round nodules, then a little interval and two
more slightly smaller similarly nodulous spirals, adjacent to each other and
the suture behind them; the last whorl would show about thirty-four nodules
in its circuit; transverse sculpture of elevated ridges, visible in the interspaces
following the line of the nodules across the whorl; on the rounded base they
appear as strong radii; base with one strong cord with a deep sulcus outside
of it, and the space between it and the pillar somewhat excavated; aperture
ovate, pillar straight, forming almost a right angle with the lip in front of it;
outer lip with three strong internal lire; body with the basal cord projecting,
slightly covered with enamel; outer lip swollen, varicose, and whiter than the
rest of the shell, its margin undulated by the external sculpture; callus joining
the pillar and outer lips distinct and continuous. Max. lon. of shell, 10.75;
of last whorl, 3.0; max. lat. of shell, 3.0 mm.

Habitat. Coast of North Carolina at U. S. Fish Commission Stations 2607,
2608, in 18-22 fms., sand, sixteen miles off Cape Lookout, bottom temper-
ature 73°-78° F. Charlotte Harbor, West Florida, in 2 fms., weedy bottom,
Dall. Key West, between tides, H. Hemphill.

This is an extremely elegant shell, in which the relative strength of the
transverse and the spiral sculpture varies somewhat in different individuals.
The sides of the spire are straight, but the whorls are distinctly marked. |

The color in very fresh specimens is a milky white, more or less clouded
with pale yellowish brown on the base or sides.

Peristichia agria n. s.

Shell small, conical, white, eight-whorled, beside a minute glassy nucleus of
about two whorls; sculpture of, on the last whorl, one moderate spiral in front
of the suture, three larger ones on the side of the whorl, the most anterior of
which is covered by the suture as the whorls advance, a strong cord revolving
on the base and entering the aperture midway between the pillar and outer

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 341

lip, and a less prominent broad spiral between the last and the columella,
which does not appear inside the peristome; these are crossed by, on the last
whorl, about thirty strong narrow equal regularly-spaced cord-like riblets
which are hardly nodulous at the intersections; the interstices are deep, and
narrower spirally than they are axially; whorls moderately rounded and
well marked; aperture rounded, waved externally by the sculpture, internally
lirate; pillar concave, callous; a callus connecting it with the outer lip; base
rounded, strongly sculptured, the aperture slightly varicose, but in older speci-
mens than those before me probably markedly so. Max. lon, of shell, 6.0;
of last whorl, 3.0; max. lat. of shell, 2.5 mm.

Habitat. Off Cape Hatteras, in 63 fms., sand, at U.S. Fish Commission
Station 2595, bottom temperature 75°.

Florida, at Marco, No Name Key, and Key West, on grassy bottom, between
low water and two fathoms, H. Hemphill.

This very lovely latticed little shell is shorter and more Odostomia-like than
the preceding species. The sculpture is a good deal like that of Mathilda
Rushii, but less crowded and less sharp. The specimens were all slightly less
than adult, and the varicosity of the outer lip would doubtless have increased
if they had continued to grow.

Order SCUTIBRANCHIATA.

Suborder RHIPHIDOGLOSSA.,
Super-Famity SCHISMATOBRANCHIA.

This group, like its compeer, the Dicranobranchia of Gray, to use the oldest
of their numerous appellations, may be divided into two sections, one contain-
ing spiral shells, and the other subconical or uncoiled species. Two of the
four sections referred to will possess forms provided with an intromittent male
organ, and others destitute of such an organ. The spiral Schismatobranchs
are generally without a verge; Neritina and Helicina were until lately the .
known exceptions. Turcicula Bairdii, Margarita infundibulum, and several
allied forms, are now added to the list. JZ. infundibulum has also a remark-
able tubular modification of the right anterior epipodial lappet, so that it
serves as a conduit for the seminal product, from the short tubular verge to its
destination. The conical or limpet-like Dicranobranchs are usually without
a verge, but it is present in Cranopsis, and probably in other genera. So far,
no spiral Dicranobranch is known to have a verge, and no limpet-like Schis-
matobranch to be without one. But our ignorance of the majority of forms is
so great that no one can say how long the negative evidence will have any
value. It is only within a few years that the writer has been enabled to deter-
mine these facts, which seem so opposed to our previous experience and sys-
tematic definitions. The need of investigation and the field for it, in the

342 BULLETIN OF THE

macroscopic anatomy of the mollusca, is so great that it is astonishing that it
attracts so few students.

It is probable that Scutellina will prove not to have a verge, but this is
not yet certain; the other families comprising this section of the super-family,
Addisoniide and Cocculinide, are known to be so provided.

Famity SCUTELLINIDZ Datu.

Genus SCUTELLINA Gray.

Scutella Broderip, P. Z. 8. 1834, p. 47. (Not Scutella Lam., 1816.)

Scutellina Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 168. (S. crenulata Brod.) Dall, Am. Journ. Conch.,
VI. p. 239, 1871. H. & A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll., pl. lii. fig. 6 (S. ferruginea).
Pease, Am. Journ. Conch., IV. 99, pl. xi. figs. 26, 27 (bad).

The genus Scutellina has long been of doubtful relations. I had endeavored
in vain for sixteen years to obtain the soft parts in alcohol. Finally, a single
specimen collected on the reefs near Key West, Florida, was sent by Mr. H.
Hemphill, to whose admirable abilities as a collector naturalists generally are
so much indebted. This has enabled me to correct several errors into which
writers on this genus have been led, and to interpret more accurately what has
been not altogether clearly written.

This group has been referred universally to the Docoglossa, to which it does
not belong. It has a purely rhiphidoglossate dentition, closely related to that
of Neritina and Helicina. It is set in its shell like the other rhiphidoglossate
limpets Fissurella, Emarginula, etc.; that is, with the head turned away from
the apex of the shell. Its gill is situated, like that of Neritina or Acmea, on
the left side above the body, and pointed to the right over the back of the neck.
The anal papilla and that by which the products of the renal organ are ejected
are situated exactly as in Acmaa. The tentacles are long and slender, the
eyes well developed and placed on swellings at the outer posterior part of the
tentacles. The distal end of the muzzle is expanded, semilunar, smooth, with
a continuous margin a little produced at the outer corners. The mouth is
small and situated in about the centre of the disk. The dental formula for

the right side of the radula is R + C “+2 -+ D+? ; x standing for the uncer-
tain but large number of denticles on the first lateral, or of single uncini in the

compound series. The central or rhachidian tooth (R) is flat, squarish, and
edentulous, as in Helicina orbiculata.

Scutellina antillarum SuutTrLewortu.
Plate XXXI. Figs. 10, 11.
2 Scutellina antillarum Shuttleworth, in Poulsen, Cat. of West India Shells, p. 14,
No. 930, 1878.

The shell, the only Scwtellina I have seen from the Gulf or Antilles, I sup-
pose to be Shuttleworth’s species. It is a small thin shell, about 8 by 6 mm.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 343
at the base, and 3.0 mm. high. The apex is situated in the posterior fourth
of the length, and has a minute dextral half-immersed spiral nucleus, whose
extent is marked by a slight contraction where the conical shell begins. The
anterior slope is prettily and evenly arched, the posterior slope steep and con-
cave beneath the apex. The surface is of a brownish straw-color, the interior
subtranslucent white of brilliant polish but not nacreous. The sculpture is of
very numerous, fine, radiating raised lines, with minute spines or vaulted
scales closely set upon them, giving a rasp-like surface; there are no regular
concentric lines, but only occasional lines of growth.

I have described it thus fully as I suspect Shuttleworth’s name is a mere
catalogue name which has never been validated by a description or figure. At
least, after very full search I have failed to find any description or reference
to a description. It is not the Patella (Acmea) antillarwm of Sowerby and
Philippi.

The chief characteristics of the soft parts are described under the remarks
relating to the genus.

There is no relic of an epipodium, nor is there any intromittent organ in
the (female?) specimen examined. The margin of the mantle has a minute
frill or fringe of papilla. The gill is of lamella, exactly like that of Acmeu,
attached only at its base. The figure of the gill of a Polynesian species given
by Pease (in the Am. Journ. Conch., IV. pl. xi. fig. 26) is doubtless erroneous,
or rather an inaccurate rendering of an organ not observed minutely. It is
quite possible, as stated by Pease, that the gill may be protruded at will while
tbe animal is alive, but it would be interesting to have this observation
confirmed.

The figure of Scutellina, given from a sketch by A. Adams in the Genera of
Recent Mollusca, is correct, but the figures are turned the opposite way from
the figure of the shell beside them, thus giving the impression that the animal
heads toward the apex of the shell, which is an error. The shell figured as
Scutellina in Sowerby’s Manual, second edition, fig. 509, is a Broderipia, and
not a Scutellina.

The final determination of the place which this genus should occupy is full
of interest, and confirms my reference of Cocculina and Addisonia to the Rhi-
phidoglossa. There is nothing strange in the fact that the last mentioned order
should have conical forms as well as spiral ones, since in other groups, such as
Geophila and Limnophila of the Pulmonata, we find analogous cases. The
importance of the facts here summarized are my excuse for including them in
this Report, since the species in question is not included in the Blake
collections.

344 BULLETIN OF THE

Famity ADDISONIIDZ.

Genus ADDISONIA DALtt.

Addisonia Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, p. 405, April, 1882. Jeffreys, P. Z. S.
1882, p. 678; Ib., 1884, p. 148. Fischer, Man. de Conchyl., p. 757, 1885.

Addisonia lateralis Requien var. paradoxa Datt.
Plate XXV. Figs. 1 a-e.

Addisonia paradoxa Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, p. 405, April, 1882.
Gadinia lateralis Requien, Coq. de Corse, p. 39, 1848. Petit, Cat. Moll., pp. 92, 264,
1869.

Gadinia excentrica Tiberi, J. de Conchyl., VI. p. 37, pl. ii. fig. 6, 1857. Weinkauff,
Conch. Mittelm., II. p. 177, 1868. Dall, Am. Naturalist, p. 737, 1882.
Tylodina excentrica Monterosato, Not. intorn. Conch. Medit., p. 57, 1872. Locard,

Cat. Moll. Mar. de France, p. 67, 1886.
Addisonia eccentros Jeffreys, P. Z. S.:1882, p. 673; P. Z. S. 1884, p. 148.
Addisonia lateralis Dautzenberg, J. de Conchyl., 1886, p. 205.

Habitat. Mediterranean. North Atlantic, both European and American
shores, living in 50 to 640 fms., dead in a wider range of depth.

This curious form was not pallagipl by the Blake. I find that most Euro-
pean malacologists have agreed * that Requien’s very poorly described and un-
figured shell is identical with Tiberi’s Gadinia excentrica. Iam in doubt as
to the identity of the American and European forms. They belong without
question to the same genus to whose conchological peculiarities I called atten-
tion seventeen years ago (Am. Journ. Conch., VI. p. 19, 1870). The figures,
descriptions, and specimens I have seen of European origin all indicate the
shell as very much smaller than our American specimens; these, when adult,
average 12.0 mm. in length, which is frequently much exceeded. I do not
feel justified in keeping them separated on the mere ground of size, but would
suggest the question to be determined by some European naturalist who may
be able to examine the dentition and soft parts. Like Neritina, Cocculina, and
Cranopsis asturiana, this creature retains the intromittent organ which seems
to have become obsolete in the majority of shallow-water Rhiphidoglossa (see
Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 256, 1884).

This mollusk is well entitled to family rank, for reasons set forth in my
paper above mentioned. The absence of the brush-like uncini is a remarkable
character, while the remaining teeth are unmistakably Rhiphidoglossate. The
presence of the verge which led my friend Dr. Paul Fischer to refer this genus
to the Tenioglossa (Man., p. 757) can hardly serve that purpose now that his
own Cranopsis asturiana is shown to possess it.

* See Mr. Dautzenberg’s excellent article above cited.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 345

I may say here, that in several shallow-water Fissurellas I have observed
what I believe to be an abortive non-functional remnant of the verge, in the
shape of an elongated papilla at or near the posterior part of the right tentacle,
and having nothing corresponding to it on the left side. Having found no
canal in these organs, I have hesitated to mention them until my discovery of
what seems to be a functional verge in Cranopsis.

Famity COCCULINID.E.
Genus COCCULINA DAtt.

Cocculina Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, p. 402. Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V.
p. 533, 1882; VI. p. 202, 1884. Jeffreys, Triton Moll., P. Z. S. 18838, p. 393.
Fischer, Man. de Conchyl., p. 841, 1885. Watson, Chall. Rep, Gastr., p. 30,
1885.

Tectura sp. Jeffreys, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 672.

Shell patelliform, not nacreous, symmetrical with an entire non-sinuated
margin and a posteriorly inclined apex with a (usually deciduous) spiral nu-
cleus; muscular impression horseshoe-shaped, interrupted over the head.

Animal with a prominent head and muzzle, the males with an intromittent
organ at the base of the right tentacle; a single lamellose asymmetrical gill
(resembling in form and place of attachment the gill in Acmca) between the
under surface of the mantle and the upper surface of the body from a point
above and behind the head, extending around toward the right, and even
backward on the right side; attached only at its base. Eyes wanting in the
known species. Anus anterior, opening in a papilla above and behind the
head. Mantle margin and sides of foot plain, without epipodial papille or
processes, but they are sometimes present behind. Radula with a small or
moderate hardly raised rhachidian tooth (the cusp in one species obsolete),
three moderate inner laterals with denticulate cusps, a larger denticulate major
lateral with a stout and twisted stalk, and on each side a stout base from which

pi
ei+s38+e
There is no jaw. The dentition resembles in a general way that of Parmo-
phorus and of some species of Helicina.

The marked peculiarities of this group, and the discovery in the Western
Atlantic, North European seas, and the Philippines, of species appertaining to
it, have secured its prompt recognition from naturalists. Thus, there have
been described from the Philippines, —

spring numerous slender uncini hooked at their tips. Formula

Cocculina angulata Watson;
from North Europe and the Northeastern Atlantic, —

Cocculina spinigera Jeffreys, Cocculina pusilla Jeffreys (as Tectura),
Cocculina corrugata Jeffreys, Cocculina adunca Jeffreys (as Tectura) ;

346 BULLETIN OF THE

and from the Western Atlantic,

Cocculina Beanii Dall, Cocculina leptalea Verrill,
Cocculina Rathbuni Dall, Cocculina conica Verrill,
Cocculina Dalli Verrill, Cocculina spinigera Jeffreys.

C. adunca Jeffreys is almost certainly the same as C. Beanii Dall. Tectura
rugosa Jeffreys, described with several Cocculine under that generic name, is,
however, almost certainly a young specimen of one of the varieties of Acmea
rubella. The specimens in the Jeffreys collection agree perfectly (although
dead and bleached) with specimens of A. rubella.

Tectura galeola Jeffreys, which I examined through the kindness of Dr.
Jeffreys, is certainly not an Acmea, as the long slope is anterior. In the
absence of the soft parts it must remain in a doubtful state, though possibly
a Cocculina.

The discrepancies which have occurred in the description of the soft parts of
the different species would be somewhat difficult to reconcile, were it not
probable that this family contains more than a single group, on the one hand,
and, on the other, that the small size of the animals renders an examination
difficult and very liable to error of observation.

Thus, C. spinigera has been reported to be without a rhachidian tooth. But
in several specimens of that species I found the rhachidian tooth (Pl. XXXI.
Fig. 9) present, though very flat, translucent, and with only a trace of cusps,
which last, on the younger rows of teeth, would be absent, thus leading very
easily to a misconception. I have figured this tooth as observed by me in
specimens sent by Dr. Jeffreys.

The observations of Mr. Watson on the gill of C. angulata I am not able to
accept as final, and believe that some misconception is mingled with them.
His description, and the position assigned to the supposed gill on “the lower
right side of the neck,” correspond fairly well to the position and appearance
of the extended free ends of the anal and renal papillae in C. spinigera, organs
which, imperfectly observed, I strongly suspect to be responsible for the
alleged second and right-hand gill in Propilidivm. I have never been able
to get a fresh specimen of Propilidium to determine this point, but the fact that
every known unfissured limpet with a free gill like that of Acmea, whether
docoglossate or rhiphidoglossate, has that gill adjacent to the heart on the
opposite (left-hand) side from the anus, is ground for a strong presumption
that Propilidiwm and this particular Cocculina do not form exceptions to the
rule.

The species of Cocculina may be divided into two sections characterized by
the presence or absence of posterior epipodial filaments. In the typical group
there are two posterior filaments. In the other there are none.

The nearest relatives of this group are to be found in the Scutellinide and
the Addisoniide. It appears to be an ancient, and what Prof. Louis Agassiz
would have termed a “ synthetic” type.

/
|
f

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 347

Section COCCULINA s. s.

Cocculina Rathbuni Datt.

Plate XXV. Figs. 5, 7, 7a.
Cocculina Rathbuni Dall, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. for 1881, p. 402, April, 1882.

Shell white, depressed, the slopes flattened, sides subparalleled, with slight
radiating and concentric sculpture and a subcentral apex from which the
nucleus is usually lost, leaving a little scar on the shell. Length, 10-13 mm.

Two female specimens examined, which had been a long time in alcohol. |
The mantle margin appeared plain, with a thickened border. Behind in the
sinus between the mantle and the foot are two small round blunt elongated
epipodial papille, one on each side of the median line and not very close to it.
The gill is small, triangular, exactly like that of some Acmeas, and similarly
placed. The head is large, the end of the muzzle flat, marginated, semilunate,
enclosing a smooth space, in the centre of which is a rounded papillose area
surrounding the mouth; tentacles moderate, subcylindrical, without eyes; the
course of the intestine much resembling that of Patella, but it seems to be not
so long. Rhachidian tooth with a distinct cusp.

This species was obtained by the U. S. Fish Commission in 1881, about 100
miles south and east from Martha’s Vineyard, in 506 fms., green sand and
mud, the bottom temperature being 40°.5. The party on the Blake obtained
it at Station 288, in 399 fms., hard bottom, off Barbados, bottom temperature
44°.5; a fresh one at Station 230, in 464 fms., off St. Vincent, bottom tem-
perature 41°.5; and living ones at Station 195, off Martinique, in 5024 fms.,
sand and ooze, the bottom temperature being 41°.0 F. In the latter case the
animal was adhering to a small water-logged splinter.

Cocculina Beanii Datt.
Plate XXV. Figs. 2, 4, 8.
Cocculina Beanii Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1881, p. 403, April, 1882.

Shell elevated, white, the anterior slope much the longer and conspicuously
arched, the posterior slope excavated concavely, the apex elevated, subposterior
and much incurved, the nucleus generally gone in adults, leaving a little scar;
sculpture stronger and more distinctly cancellated in some specimens than in
C. Rathbuni, the young are more sharply sculptured than the old, and at the
intersections the riblets are nodulous or even slightly spinose; the shell is
smaller than in C. Rathbuni, reaching about 8.0 mm. in length.

Four specimens, all apparently females, were available for examination, of
which two were dissected. The soft parts in general were as in C. Rathbuni,
except that the head and muzzle are much elongated, the sinus behind the
head, therefore, is deeper, the gill longer, projecting out on the right side; the

348 BULLETIN OF THE

tentacles are longer, and the foot proportionally shorter, than in C. Rathbuni ;
the mantle margin more puckered (by the effect of the alcohol ?); the margin-
ation of the muzzle is interrupted in front by the papillose oral area, which in
this species distinctly forms the end of the muzzle, the effect of which is to
modify the marginated part into two lappets, one on each side, extending from
the end of the muzzle to the anterior edge of the foot. In the dentition the
bands of uncini are proportionally longer and wider, and the rhachidian tooth
is smaller than in the preceding species.

This species was found by the U. 8. Fish Commission, in 1880-81, at Sta-
tions 871, 894, 947, and 997, in 100-365 fms., muddy and sandy bottom, tem-
perature at the bottom ranging from 40°.0 to 52°.0 F. It was obtained by the
party on the Blake at Station 288, in 399 fms., hard bottom, off Barbados;
Station 195, in 5024 fms., sand and ooze, off Martinique; at Station 161, in
583 fms., lava sand, off Guadelupe, bottom temperature 41°; and at Station
230 in 464 fms., off St. Vincent, bottom temperature 41°.5 F.

Section COCCOPYGIA Datu,

Foot without epipodial filaments.

Cocculina spinigera JEFFREYS.

Plate XXXI. Figs. 7,8, 9.

Cocculina spinigera Jeffreys, Triton Moll., P. Z. S. 1888, p. 893, pl. xliv. figs. 1, 1 a-c.
Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. pp. 203, 271, 1884.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 997 and 2115, in 335 to 843 fms.,
living in the tunnels of Teredo-bored wood, associated with C. leptalea Verrill.

This species, obtained by Dr. Jeffreys in the Porcupine and Triton dredg-
ings in the North Atlantic, is much smaller than either of the two preceding,
or the specimens I have seen may not be fully grown, averaging only 1.5 to
2.0mm. in length. It has the form of C. Beanz, so far as the shell is con-
cerned, with the sculpture of the most strongly sculptured specimens of that
species, which, as above mentioned, sometimes have minute spinose projections
at the intersections of the radiating and the concentric ridges,, The nucleus,
however, in the specimens of C. spinigera examined, was constantly present,
symmetrical and subspiral. Seven specimens were kindly sent me by Dr.
Jeffreys for examination, with the soft parts, comprising four males and three
females. The soft parts of the females agreed in all particulars with those of
CO. Rathbuni except that the pair of epipodial posterior papille was wanting, as
also in the males; the tentacles seemed to be somewhat stouter and shorter ;
the gill was very short and triangular, in its usual position, and the anal
papilla was prolonged into a kind of free tube, one half longer than the gill
itself. |

The dentition resembles that of C. Rathbuni in all essential particulars, ex-

SR ET >

ee eee

m9

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 349

cept that the rhachidian tooth, instead of having a comparatively small base
and a distinct and well developed cusp, has a large base, which is thin and of
rounded shape, with an almost obsolete cusp. Many of these teeth could
hardly be said to be cusped at all, and in the best developed unworn ones
the cusp is but little raised, small, composed of a median rounded portion and
on each side of that a single obscure denticle (see figure). The whole tooth,
in most cases, resembled a mere thin scale, and might readily be bvertooked,
or regarded as not a true tooth at all, in some specimens.

The most extraordinary feature is peculiar to the males, of which four speci-
mens were examined and agreed perfectly with one another. The right tenta-
cle is somewhat stouter than the left one, but near the base on the outer side
both have a distinct bulb or elbow-like prominence similar to that which in
many gastropods bears the eye. A careful examination of sections, however,
did not disclose any nerve, rods, or optic cup, and it is certain, if the last
exists, that it is unprovided with any pigment cells. The cutis seemed of a
uniform and rather unusual thickness, partly due, probably, to the contraction
caused by the alcohol. The tip of the contracted right tentacle was rather
broad and blunt; it also seemed somewhat flattened. From the outer side pro-
jected a verge of tentacular form, more slender, slightly longer, and more
flattened than the tip of the true tentacle, and horizontally recurved. From
the circular wrinkles caused in it by contraction it seemed capable of much
elongation. In the anterior edge near the tip, but not extended over the tip,
was a deep fissure extending to the centre of the organ and along its anterior
edge from the tip backward a distance a little more than equal to the width
of that part of the organ. The proportional length of this fissure differed in
different individuals a little. From the depth of this fissure a tube or canal
extends through the centre of the penis, its diameter being about one sixth
that of the organ. Ata point in this canal not far from the junction of the
verge with the tentacle there appears to be a subtriangular fossa, from which
the tube continues toward the body at about the same distance from the inner
surface of the verge, and of about the same size as before the fossa was reached.
The canal passes on into the base of the tentacle, where it is lost to sight in
the solid opaque tissues. The extremely small size of the animal combined
with its coarse, and (by alcohol rendered) very opaque tissues, prevented the
more thorough examination which would have been practicable with fresh
specimens or those of larger size. Nevertheless, it does not appear that this
organ can be anything else than an intromittent male organ, sucht as is now
known to exist in Addisonia, in Neritina, in some species of Cranopsis, and
other deep-water Rhiphidoglossa.,

At the time I made this discovery the only form in which an external in-«
tromittent organ had been reported among the Rhiphidoglossa was Neritina,
and even this fact, though easily verified, had been questioned.

The verge in the Neritida@, however, is broader and rounder, flatter, and
shorter than in Cocculina, and shows its nature less clearly in its external

350 BULLETIN OF THE

appearance. If the function of the organ be still denied by some sceptic who
will not be satisfied until the animals have been observed in copula, it remains
that, whatever its function, here is an organ unknown in the great majority of
Rhiphidoglossa, but which appears in a few diverse deep-water forms.

These interesting facts were made known by me to Prof. Verrill, Dr. Jeffreys,
and others interested, in the early part of 1882. Subsequently, the same organ
was observed in Addisonia, and, while closing up my work on this Report,
an examination of a male Rimula (Cranopsis) asturiana Fischer added it to
the list, still later enlarged by species of Margarita and Turcicula.

These results show very clearly how much there is still to learn about the
macroscopic anatomy of even ordinary mollusks; how little ground there is for
dogmatism in the larger features of classification ; and how rich a field is open
to the conscientious student who may have access to the sea.

The old idea, still delusively cherished by most embryologists, that the char-
acteristics of a single species may serve to marshal a host of others in line, was
always false, and every year shows its falsity more clearly.

The marshalling must be allowed for convenience’ sake, but the idea that it
is in any proper sense a finality should be discouraged by every teacher. [If it
had not been taken for granted these many years, who can doubt that we should
long since have known exactly about a hundred species of mollusks where we
now have the facts about one or two, and that our classifications would have
been ameliorated in proportion ?

This species must be very abundant in the North Atlantic, as Dr. Jeffreys
has informed me that he has examined over four hundred specimens.

One feature which is often noticeable on the sedentary deep-sea shells, and
especially on the limpets, is perhaps worth mentioning. A sort of spongy
organism, apparently a sponge or a hydractinian, often covers the upper surface
with a coating of fine straight spinules, which appear to be attached to the
shell but are easily removed by wetting and rubbing. They are very abundant
on Terebratulina Cailleti and other sculptured brachiopods, and I have observed
them on all the species of Cocculina and on Lepetella. Dr. Jeffreys states that
the spinules are not soluble in potash. There has been no distinct outer
crust, nor any particular shape, to the aggregations of this sort which have
come under my notice, but they seem to be preferably attached to prominences
of the sculpture, and might easily be mistaken, in some cases, for part of the
shell itself. .

This Cocculina has fine sharp spines, properly belonging to the shell; but
among those in the Jeffreys collection I have seen none quite as sharp and
long as those in the magnified figure (1a) of the plate to Dr. Jeffreys’s paper

eon the Triton mollusks,

The section Coccopygia, to which I have referred this species, probably in-
cludes C. angulata Watson, and other species which have not yet been critically
examined with regard to the epipodial filaments.

oe am sie

ee

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 351

Famiry PHASIANELLIDJZE.
Genus PHASIANELLA Lamarck.
Section EUCOSMIA Carpenter.

Phasianella (Eucosmia) brevis Orpieny.

Plate XIX. Fig. 10b.

Phasianella brevis Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, II. p. 79, pl. xx. figs. 19-21, 1842. Not
P. brevis C. B. Adams,

Habitat. Cuba and Martinique, Orbigny. Station 21, off Bahia Honda, in
287 fms., Blake Expedition. Off the coast of North Carolina, in 15-63 fms.,
bottom temperature 75°.0 F., at Stations 2595, 2596, 2597, 2612, 2615, 2619,
U.S. Fish Commission.

The P. brevis of C. B. Adams is merely a young specimen of the shell he
had previously named Turbo pulchella, which is a very pretty form of Phasia-
nella with rather marked spiral sculpture and a flattened nucleus. It has the
usual operculum of the genus. Other species recognized during this investiga-
tion as occurring in the Antillean region, but not obtained by the Blake, are
P. affinis, tessellata, concinna, and concolor of C. B, Adams, and umbilicata of
Orbigny. There are several other nominal species requiring further study.

Famity TURBINIDZ.
Genus LEPTOTHYRA CarPEnNTER.

Leptonyx Carpenter, and A. Adams, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., III. p. 175, Nov., 1864.
Not Leptonyx Gray, 1837, gen. Phocide.

Collonia Philippi, Handbuch d. Conch., p. 206, not of Gray. Not Collonia Gray,
1852. (Type, Delphinula marginata Lam.)

Leptothyra (Carpenter MS.) Dall, Am. Journ. Conch., VII. p. 130, 1871. (Type,
Turbo sanguineus Linné.) Pilsbry, Tryon Man., X. p. 245, 1888.

Collona (sp.) H. & A. Adams, Gray, Watson, etc.

The genus Collonia of Gray, according to Dr. P. P. Carpenter, was founded
on the Delphinula marginata of Lamarck, a smooth Grignon fossil with large
crenate umbilicus. It was defined as having an “operculum circular, with
inany gradually enlarged whorls, with a convex external rib and central pit.”
Afterward the genus fell into great confusion from the confounding of names
of totally distinct species called marginata, etc., all of which may be found
particularly detailed in Dr. Carpenter’s paper above referred to. There he
proposed the name Leptonyzx for the group typified by Turbo sanguineus Linné,
which had been erroneously confounded with Collonia by several authors.
This Turbo sanguineus is a species found in the Mediterranean, with near rela-

352 BULLETIN OF THE

tives in Japan and Californian waters. It has a few-whorled rather solid
smooth discoid shelly operculum a little concave externally, no umbilicus
when adult, and a rounded base. The name. Leptonyx having been used twice
for Vertebrates before Dr. Carpenter took it up, I substituted Leptothyra *
with his permission, as above cited, in 1871. A further confusion was created
in regard to the type species by a supposition that the operculum of the Cali-
fornian shell was different from that of the Mediterranean. This idea was
totally erroneous, but found its way into several publications, among others
Tryon’s Manual (II. 312). The opercula are precisely alike, having a por-
cellanous coating, a little thicker at the edges than toward the centre, espe-
cially in old specimens, and having the general form of a coin or disk (not of a
lens) based on a horny substratum, as in the typical Naticas. The operculum
has about five to seven turns, visible best on the inner side. The young shells
have a pit, or even a perforation, in the umbilical region, but this is entirely
effaced in the adult, unless Z. Philipiana is an exception.

L. sanguinea is not yet known from the east coast of America. We have,
however, beside L. induta and what I regard as its varieties, two other species,
L. Philipiana and L, Linnet, now for the first time described.

A shell which I find in the Jeffreys collection marked “ Turbo carinatus
Cantraine, Travailleur Exp., 1882,” is a remarkably fine species of Leptothyra,
larger than any other known to me. Turbo mammilla of the Reggio Tertiaries,
as identified by Prof. Seguenza, is also a Leptothyra, and so probably is Turbo
filosus Philippi of the Italian Tertiaries.

Leptothyra induta Warsow var. albida Datt.
Plate XXXVIII. Fig. 6.

Leptothyra induta Dall, Agassiz, Three Cruises of the Blake, II. p. 69, fig. 287, 1888.

Leptothyra (induta var.?) albida Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 48, 1881.

Turbo (Collonia) indutus Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XIV. p. 715, 1879; Chall. Rep.
Gastr., p. 128, pl. vi. fig. 1, 1885.

Habitat. Sand Key, in 15-128 fms.; Station 2, in 805 fms.; Sigsbee, off
Havana, in 450 fms.; off Cape San Antonio, in 1002 fms.; Yucatan Strait, in
640 fms.; Station 5, in 152-229 fms., soft coral ooze, bottom temperature 50° ;
Station 100, off Morro Light, Havana, in 250-400 fms.; Station 211, off
Martinique, in 357 fms.; Station 218, off Santa Lucia, in 164 fms., bottom
temperature 56°.0. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2662, off St. Augustine,
Florida, in 434 fms., gray sand.

Variety tincta Dall, shell rosy.

Variety insculpta Dall. Ridges obliquely cut by the radiating sculpture
which nodulates them all, and extends entirely over the shell; basal ridges more
numerous (six), close, and slightly but distinctly sculptured by the radii.

* The name Homalopoma was under consideration by Dr. Carpenter as a sub-

stitute for Leptonyx, but was never published by him.
April 24, 1889.

C eenteanentiiediial

a
ay

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 353

None of our specimens have the body whorl smooth like the Challenger
specimen, and none are quite so pointed as Watson’s figure. Still, I have very
little doubt that his is an abnormally smooth specimen of the same species as
that which I have called aliida. If they are distinct, ours will be Leptothyra
albida, and his Leptothyra induta; for there cannot be a shadow of a doubt that
they all belong to the group of Z. sanguinea. I have not been able, of course,
to compare specimens

The fact of the existence of the group, apparently abundant, in deep water,
and the other fact of the wide distribution of the shallow-water types of the
genus, are points which march together in this case as in many others, and
have an obvious significance.

Leptothyra Philipiana n.s.

Plate XXIV. Figs. 7, Ya.

Shell whitish, of four rounded whorls and a minute smooth nucleus; rather
depressed, base rounding into the rest of the whorl. Sculpture of ten even
strong spiral cost, with channelled interspaces, here and there toward the
aperture indications of intercalary hardly raised spirals, and over all faint
spiral striz more or less visible under a lens. Radiating sculpture faint, the
tops of the spirals are a little undulated, and two close to the umbilicus are
indistinctly nodulous, otherwise there are only the usual incremental lines,
Operculum as usual; umbilicus perforate, rather profound ; aperture prolonged
above, edges a little flaring, subcircular. Alt. 3.5, diam. 4.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 192, near Dominica, in 138 fms., bottom temperature
63°.0 F.

This shell may not be quite adult, and the umbilicus may be closed later.
It has a different shape from any of the varieties of the preceding which have
come under my notice, and is much smaller.

Leptothyra Linnei n. s.
Plate XXXIII. Fig. 9.

Shell small, white, solid, elevated, blunt, with five well rounded whorls;
spiral sculpture of about sixteen even rounded costa, separated by wider in-
terspaces, with an occasional intercalary thread; the two nearest the suture are.
generally more or less beaded by the radiating sculpture, the rest usually
plain; spiral sculpture of close oblique radiating lines coincident with the
lines of growth, with at regular intervals more emphasized depressions which
nodulate the upper spirals and in rare instances are produced all over the
shell ; the cost are more or less nodulated or even imbricated at the inter-
sections, so that in extreme cases (var. /imata) the shell is as rough as a file
all over; base full and rounded, umbilical depression or perforation occasionally
present in the young, wholly absent in the adult; aperture rounded, the upper

VOL, XVIII. 23

354 BULLETIN OF THE

part produced and depressed about the width of two or three spirals with their
interspaces. Operculum as usual. Alt, 5.5, diam. 5.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms.; Station 20, in 220 fms.; Station 220, near
Santa Lucia, in 116 fms., rocky bottom, bottom temperature 58°.5 F. Off
Havana, in 450 fms., Sigsbee. Barbados, in 100 fms.

This pretty little species is like a L. albida in miniature, with proportionally
finer and more numerous spiral costs, a rounder base, and an aperture bent
downward in the adult.

A full-sized L. albida measures 8.0 mm. high by 7.75 in maximum diam-
eter of the base.

The variations of ZL. Linnet are parallel with the variations of L. albida (or
induta), the var. limata of the former corresponding to an intensified state of
induta var, insculpta. I have, however, not seen any pink variety.

Famity TROCHIDE.

Genus GAZA Watson.

Gaza Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XIV. p. 601, 1879; Chall. Rep. Gastr., p. 93, 1885.
Type, Gaza dedala Watson, loc. cit., p. 601, 1879; Chall. Rep., pl. vii. fig. 12.

Gaza superba Dat.
Plate XXII. Figs. 4, 4a.

Callogaza superba Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 49, 1881. Agassiz, Three Cruises of
the Blake, II. p. 68, 1888 (fig. excl.).

Habitat. Station 153, off Montserrat, in 303 fms., lava sand, bottom temper-
ature 48°.75 F.; Station 129, off Santa Cruz, in 314 fms., gray ooze, bottom
temperature 48°.5; Station 274, off Barbados, in 209 fms., fine sand and ooze,
bottom temperature 53°.5; Station 275, off Barbados, in 218 fms., fine sand,
bottom temperature 52°.5; Station 281, off Barbados, in 288 fms., ooze, bottom
temperature 46° 5. Also by the U. 8. Fish Commission in the Gulf of Mexico,
between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida, Lon. 88° 16’ W.,
in 324 fms., gray mud, bottom temperature 46°.5

I included this species with the subgenus Callogaza in my preliminary
paper, but the receipt of more specimens from the U. 8. Fish Commission
dredgings leads me to doubt whether the umbilicus always remains uncovered,
and though I have seen no specimens in which it was wholly closed, yet I
suspect it becomes so at times. An adult specimen measures 40.0 wide by
32.0 mm. high, and this appears to be about the average of the species.*

* Another species of about the same size (38 X 24 mm.), Gaza Rathbuni Dall,
which differs from G. superba in being more depressed, with stronger spiral groov-
ing, a slightly smaller umbilicus, and more flattened over the sutures, has since
turned up among the Albatross collections, dredged in the Pacific, at Station 2818,
in 892 fms., sand, temperature 44°.0 F., near the Galapagos Islands.

ae

~

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 355

An examination of the soft parts showed the operculum to be very thin,
light brown, and with about seven whorls. The animal was of a whitish color
without any spots or markings, and with very large black eyes set on a good-
sized peduncle closely adjacent to and behind the tentacles. There is a single
narrow gill in the usual position. The tentacles are long, large, and rather
slender; the foot short, broad, and bluntly rounded in front, behind almost
truncate, in fact the contracted specimen looked almost as if there was a broad
posterior indentation in the middle line. The muzzle is long, narrow, sub-
cylindrical above and transversely expanded at its distal end, which is semi-
lunar with a densely papillose surface and fringed edges. This expansion is
nearly three times as wide as the stem of the muzzle. Epipodium with a large
lobe behind the eye peduncle but not connected with it; behind the lobe is
one long process and then a shorter one. The frill behind is merely puckered,
but from under the borders of the operculum on each side protrude three good-
sized processes. Behind the opercular lobe the epipodium terminates in a
prominent point, concave and papillose on its upper surface. There are no
frontal lobes between the tentacula. The epipodial point extends some dis-
tance behind the posterior end of the foot. The jaw is like that of Calliostoma
in shape, composed of brown four-sided translucent prismatic rodlets which
give under the microscope a reticular marking of diamond-shaped spots to the
surface of the jaw; the two sides are not united in the middle line. The
dentition closely resembles that of Lunella versicolor Gmelin as figured by
Troschel (Geb. der Schnecken, II. pl. xx. fig. 1), except that the bases of the
rhachidian and lateral teeth are subcircular, and on a few of the scythe-shaped
cusps of the numerous uncini are a few denticles. There are five lateral teeth,
and between twenty and thirty uncini.

The nucleus in this species is often caducous, and in such specimens the
apex is pierced with a circular perforation a millimeter and a half in diameter,
which is continuous with the umbilicus. There does not appear to be any
particular difference in appearance between the nucleus and the early whorls,
its loss would therefore seem to be due merely to its fragility. In none of
those in which it remains is there any indication of its being reinforced by a
shelly deposit.

Gaza Fischeri n. s.

Plate XXXVII. Fig. 6.

This shell is of six and a half whorls, and closely resembles Gaza dedala
Watson, except in the following particulars. It is much more depressed pro-
portionally ; the upper margin of the aperture is distinctly depressed below its
general plane; and the radiating lines, almost microscopic in G. dedala, are in
this form impressed in the early whorls near the suture, so as to produce a
succession of short ripples, following the recurved lines of growth, which
give a fringe-like ornamentation to the suture, at the rate of about five
ripples to a millimeter. Nothing like this is visible in any of the specimens

356 BULLETIN OF THE

of G. superba. The margin of the suture in this form is distinctly appressed,
forming a narrow border, The operculum has about seven whorls. The um-
bilicus is completely floored over. The soft parts are like those of G. superba,
but the tentacles are shorter and stouter, the lateral lobes of the epipodium
proportionally larger, there is one more lateral process, and the muzzle is not
so much expanded laterally at its termination. Max. diam. of base, 25.0; min.
diam., 20.0; alt., 16.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 221, off Santa Lucia, in 423 fms., gray ooze, bottom tem-
perature 42°.75 F.

We know so little about the limits of variation in this beautiful group that
it is with some doubt that I apply a name to these specimens. The difference
in form and sculpture, and the distance between Fiji where G. dedala was
collected and the Antilles has seemed to me sufficient warrant in this instance.

The species is dedicated to Dr. Paul Fischer, who by his recently published
Manual has laid malacologists under serious obligations.

Subgenus CALLOGAZA Datt.
Callogaza Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 49, 1881. Type, C. Watsonz Dall, loc. cit., p. 50.

When I first proposed this name I thought it of generic value, now I am
disposed to reduce it to the rank of a subgenus. The opportunity of studying
a larger number of specimens has led me to modify my ideas of the value of
some of the characters. Thus the mucronation so marked in the type specimen
of Gaza is due to the impinging on the reflected lip of the angle of the umbili-
eal carina. This I find may produce mucronation, or be invisible under the
labial callus in different individuals of the same species, and probably in the
same individual at different times. The crenate border of the umbilicus in
the type is of more importance, and leads the way toward Microgaza, which
appears to lack a reflected lip. I regard Gaza and its subgenera as a group of
Trochide, related to Lunella of the Turbinide on the one hand, and Umbonium
on the other.

Information as to the soft parts will be found under the data for the several
species. When other species are examined, the common characters which alone
belong to the generic or subgeneric diagnosis can then be eliminated for that
purpose,

Callogaza Watsoni Datt.
Plate XXII. Figs. 7,%a. Plate XXIII. Figs. 1, la. Plate XXIV. Figs. 2, 2a.
Callogaza Watsoni Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 50, 1881.
Margarita filogyra Dall, loc. cit., p. 42 (young shell)

Habitat. Sigsbee, Station 12, in 177-200 fms., off Havana, Cuba. Station 20,
in 220 fms., off Bahia Honda, Cuba, bottom temperature 62°.0. Yucatan Strait,
in 640 fms. Station 273, off Barbados, in 103 fms., broken shell and coral,
bottom temperature 59°.5. Station 282, off Barbados, in 154 fms., sand, bot-

=

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 357

tom temperature 56°.0. Station 296, off Barbados, in 84 fms., hard bottom,
bottom temperature 619.5 F.

The shell named by me Margarita filogyra is without doubt in part based
on young specimens of Callogaza Watsoni. But with regard to some of the
others I am yet puzzled as to whether to so refer them or not. In any case,
the weight of probability is in favor of their being eventually united. There
are certain differences in the umbilicus to which I do not, in the absence of
soft parts, feel able to give a definite value; while the fact that these specimens
have a slightly but distinctly thickened lip adds to the obscurity. At all
events, whether wholly identical with C. Watsoni or not (Figures 1, 1 a, Plate
XXIII., certainly are), the MW. filogyra is in an uncertain state, and for that
reason I prefer to omit the name in my list of established species until I obtain
more definite material for study. I retain the figures which had been prepared
of the supposed young shells.

An adult specimen affords the following notes. The body is yellowish, the
sides streaked with ashy gray, a few flecks of which also appear between the
tentacles. The body is longer than in Gaza proper and distinctly pointed
behind. ‘The tentacles are short and stout, with a small inner angle or expan-
sion opposite the distinct eye peduncle, which bears a large, very black eye.
The muzzle is proportionately shorter than in Gaza, subcylindrical, granulose
at the end, but not laterally expanded. The gill as in Gaza superba, but
broader in proportion to its length. The very large anterior lobe of the epi-
podium is followed by seven gradually decreasing lateral processes, of which
five are under the operculum, and are separated by small rounded lobes of the
epipodial margin. The posterior angle of the epipodium is pointed as in Gaza,
extending considerably beyond the operculum, but not as far as the foot. The
dentition differs considerably from that of Gaza. It most nearly resembles
that of Férskalia declivis Forskal, as figured by Troschel (Gebiss d. Schneck.,
II. pl. xxiv. fig. 14). The rhachidian tooth has a single three-pointed cusp,
without the accessory denticles of Férskalia, the laterals have two or three
accessory denticles, the uncini, unlike Férskalia, are denticulated all along the
inner edges of their blade-like cusps, except toward the margin of the radula,
where they gradually become simple. It will be observed that in the soft
parts there are features which sufficiently distinguish this group from Gaza,
according to ordinary standards.

Subgenus MICROGAZA Da tt.
Microgaza Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 50, 1881. (Type, M. rotella Dall.)

Microgaza rotella Dat.
Plate XXII. Figs. 5, 5a.

Microgaza rotella Dall, Bull. M. C. Z. IX. p. 51, 1881.

Habitat. Barbados, in 100 fms, Station 2, in 805 fms. Station 20, off
Bahia Honda, Cuba, in 220 fms., bottom temperature 62°.0. Station 290, off

358 BULLETIN OF THE

Barbados, in 73 fms., coral and shell, bottom temperature 70°.75. U.S. Fish
Commission Station 2602, in 124 fms., sand, thirty-six miles 8.4 W. from
Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, bottom temperature 61°.0 F.

The operculum is like that of Gaza, and has six or seven whorls. None of
the specimens show any tendency to a reflected lip, yet it is, of course, possible
that no completely adult specimen was obtained. The animal has a short
stout foot, bluntly rounded at either end. It is of a pinkish tint. The ten-
tacula are very long and the eyes large. The muzzle is rounded and not very
long, its extremity plain. There are no frontal lobes. ‘The epipodium has a
very small anterior lobe with a cirrus behind it, then a space without cirri, a
long process just in front of the opercular disk, and one, shorter, under it on
each side, making three in all. There is no posterior point to the epipodium,
and only the above three cirri on each side. The jaw is somewhat like that of
Umbonium, but shorter and broader. The radula, however, bears no resem-
blance to that of Umbonium (Rotella Lam.). The teeth are very elegant.
The rhachidian tooth in general form (except the cusp) not unlike that of
Calliostoma granulata Born (Troschel, II. pl. xxiv. fig. 18), but the central
spur of the cusp is long and slender like a stiletto, extending considerably be-
hind the posterior edge of the base of the tooth. On each side of it are four
stout sharp rather short denticles, radiating as from the median point of the
front edge of the cusp. The laterals recall those of Gibbula divaricata (Tros-
chel, loc. cit., fig. 6), but have more, larger, and stronger denticles, all on the
posterior edge of the cusp, or the edge away from the rhachis. The uncini are
rather few in number, the cusps sword-shaped, sigmoid, the inner ones den-
ticulated on both edges. The number of laterals is five. The radula asa whole
is very short and small.

The depressed form and marginated suture, as well as the kind of coloration,
in this shell recall Umbonium. The texture of the shell and the character of
its umbilicus are precisely as in Callogaza. The soft parts indicate its place to
be in that vicinity. Until a larger number of the myriad of species shall have
been examined, it is evident that the characters of the dentition in their classi-
fication cannot be formulated except in a provisional manner.

Trochus solarioides of Seguenza, from the Reggio Tertiary, seems to be a
Microgaza.

Genus UMBONIUM Link.

Umbonium Link, Beschr. Rostock Samml., 1807, p. 186.
Rotella Lamarck, 1822.
Helicina Gray (non Lamarck), 1847.

After a careful examination of the literature, I see no reasonable ground for
the assertion of Gray (P. Z. 8. 1847) that Helicina of Lamarck (1801) was
identical with his Rotella of 1822, or different from his Helicina of 1822, such
as we are accustomed to understand by the latter name. The original diagno-

i=

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 359

sis of Helicina did not mention any type (Prodr., 1799). There is no doubt,
however, that Link’s name, which was properly defined, takes precedence.

This genus has hitherto been unknown from the Antilles, the species referred
to it belonging to Veinostoma and allied groups. I have therefore much
pleasure in introducing here a description of a genuine Umbonium, dredged
by the Fish Commission in the Antillean region, near the Florida reefs, and
obtained by the Blake near Havana.

Umbonium Bairdii n. s.

Plate XXI. Figs. 6, 6a.

Shell small, depressed conic, white, polished, externally porcellanous, in-
ternally slightly nacreous; nucleus globular, dextral; whorls five or more.
Radiating sculpture of occasional faint impressed incremental lines; spiral
sculpture of occasional microscopic striz, and a single strap-like band ap-
pressed to the suture, and bearing numerous flattish squarish nodules or
elevations, which coronate the whorls; periphery rounded, base rounded, de-
pressed in the centre, which is nearly filled with a mass of white callus having
a very finely granular surface. Aperture ovate, margin simple, thin, oblique.
Alt. of axis, 3.5; max. alt. of shell, 4.0; max. diam. of base, 5.0 mm.

Habitat. Florida reefs, in about 200 fms., coral bottom, U.S. Fish Com-
mission, 1886. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms., Blake Expedition.

The specimen is not quite adult. The granular surface of the callus is com-
mon to the young of other species, and is lost in the adult. The soft parts
were absent. It is named in honor of the late Prof. S. F. Baird, U. S. Fish

Commissioner.

Genus VITRINELLA C. B. Apams.

A group of small shells, several forms of which were comprised by C. B.
Adams under the name of Vitrinella in February, 1850, still remain in need of
further elucidation. As originally constituted, the genus was heterogeneous
and no type was named. In 1853, A. Adams (P. Z. 8. 1853, p. 183) described
a genus Teinostoma (type T. politum Adams), of which a species had been re-
ferred to Vitrinella by C. B. Adams in his Panama catalogue. Another some-
what peculiar species was described by C. B. Adams as “ Neritina?” anomala,
and was afterward referred to a section of Teinostoma by A. Adams under the
name of Calceolina, At the same time (P. Z. S. 1853, p. 189) Messrs. H. & A.
Adams described a genus Ethalia for minute glassy shells related to Teinostoma,
but having an umbilical pit or perforation, no large polished callus, but the
anterior end of the columella lip thickened and squeezed down near to and
sometimes over the umbilical region. This genus Ethalia would include two
species of the five originally described as Vitrinella by C. B. Adams. This
would leave to bear the name of Vitrinella such forms included in the original

360 BULLETIN OF THE

list of C. B. Adams as had a free open umbilicus and a peculiar nucleus, as
described by Carpenter (Mazatlan Shells, p. 237), and one of this sort (V. valva-
toides C. B. Adams) was selected as an example of the genus by H. & A. Adams
(Gen., I. p. 434, June, 1854), and may be regarded as the type of the genus as
revised by the brothers Adams. Of course, if these forms were found eventu-
ally to belong to Adeorbis or Cyclostrema, the name Vitrinella would have to
fall back upon Lthalia, and the latter would become a synonym of it, for a sub-
sequent author could not be permitted to engineer his predecessors’ generic
names out of existence by appropriating the valid parts for new groups of later
names, and leaving the residue to fall into synonymy. But it is probable that
Vitrinella, as above constituted, does form a valid group, and we shall so con-
sider it, though uncognate species may have been referred to it.
For present purposes I shall adopt the following arrangement of the others.

Genus TEINOSTOMA ApaMs.

Subgenera Teinostoma s. s.
Pseudorotella Fischer.
Ethalia H. & A. Adams.
Dillwynella Dall.
Discopsis De Folin.

In July, 18&7, Dr. Paul Fischer proposed the name of Pseudorotella for
Teinostoma semistriata Orb. sp., which may be retained as a section for those
species having an oval aperture. Parkeria Gabb is a synonym.

? Genus COCHLIOLEPIS Stimpson.

In January, 1858, Dr. Stimpson (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VI. 308) pro-
posed a new genus for a curious little shell found parasitic under the scales of
a large annelid (Acoétes lupinus). This little mollusk, with peculiar anatomi-
cal characters and a shell like a minute vitreous Sigaretus, is probably allied
to Vitrinella, and was named Cochliolepis parasitica. A second species, larger
and fewer whorled, has strong spiral striz like a minute Sigaretus perspectivus,
and was named C’. striata by Stimpson in his manuscripts. It is about 6.5 mm.
in greatest diameter, and 1.5 mm. high. It has two whorls and a globular
nucleus almost enveloped above by the last whorl, and a very wide pervious
umbilicus. Colonel Jewett collected it at Egmont Key, near Tampa, Florida.
The original type of Cochliolepis is found in the South Carolina Post Pliocene,
and by an unfortunate error was figured by Holmes as a new species, under the
name of Adeorbis nautiliformis. The species figured in his work as Cochlio-
lepis parasitica is a probably new species of Vitrinella, which may be named
V. Holmesi, and the “ Angaria” crassa figured on the same plate appears to be
an Ethalia.

It is certain that Adeorbis does not belong in this vicinity, though the shells

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 361

occasionally present a great resemblance to species of Vitrinella and some
Ethalias. But whén the species are all definitely allotted their proper place
from a complete knowledge of their characters, there can be no doubt most of
these discrepancies will be cleared away.

There are a number of species of these small forms on the eastern coast of
the United States, in addition to the probably large number, some of which
have been described, which inhabit the Antilles. Thus we have Ethalia
mullistriata Verrill, extending from Dominica to North Carolina; EZ. reclusa
Dall, found on the coasts of Yucatan and North Carolina; L. suppressa Dall,
West Florida, E. solida Dall, from Cuba, also probably Floridian; Teimostoma
(Pseudorotella) semistriata Orbigny, Key West; 7’. eryptospira Verrill, North
Carolina; Vitrinella multicarinata Stimpson, North Carolina; Cochliolepis
parasitica Stimpson, South Carolina; C. striata Stimpson, Florida; Adeorbis
Beaui Fischer, Florida; A. naticoides Dall, North Carolina; and A. supra-
nitida Wood, with its varieties, from the whole Atlantic coast south of Cape
Cod. Trochus cancellatus Jeffreys is probably a Cyclostrema or Adcorbis, in-
stead of a Macheroplaz as he suggested. We have it from 1000 fathoms, off
the coast of Yucatan. Tharsis Jeffreys is, from an examination of the typical
species, nothing more than a synonym of Ethalia, as here understood, or at
most a feebly characterized section of Ethalia.

. Subgenus ETHALIA H & A. Apams,

Ethalia reclusa n. s.

Plate XXVIII. Figs. 7, 8.

Shell small, when fresh vitreous transparent white, of three visible whorls,
the last much the largest, smooth and polished above, or with only faint incre-
mental lines below; periphery rounded, spire and base moderately rounded;
margin of last whorl appressed at the suture so that the thin edge runs up
over the preceding whorl and the real suture is almost invisible in fresh speci-
mens; the outline of the preceding whorl being visible through the shell,
the appearance of a suture is presented much nearer the periphery than the
suture really is. Aperture nearly circular, oblique; the columella thick, ap-
pressed ; umbilical callus sparse, not polished, in adolescent specimens not quite
complete. Alt. 1.0, max. diam. 2.1 mm.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. Coast of North Carolina, in 12 to 63
fms., U. S. Fish Commission, on sandy and gravelly bottom, in the warmer
area,

This species is nearest E'thalia diaphana Orbigny, so far as the base is con-
cerned, but resembles E. anomala Orbigny in its upper surface, and was inad-
vertently referred to that species in my Preliminary Report (Bull, [X. p. 52).
It has, however, a more elevated shell and a proportionately larger last whorl,
while E. anomala has no basal callus over the umbilicus.

362 BULLETIN OF THE

Ethalia suppressa pn. s.

A singular little species which I have called E. suppressa is found on the
adjacent coast of Florida. It is white, extremely small (1.75 & 0.75 mm.),
flattened above and below, and a little excavated toward the periphery, where
are three sharp strong keels with deep sulci between them. The umbilicus
is small but open, with a carinal thread; the mouth subcircular, prolonged
into a little channel at its upper junction with the body, and with a broad
appressed columella. There are three and a half whorls, the suture is indis-
tinct, but marked by a ridge which results from the apertural channel close to
it. There is also an indistinct ridge on the flattened top of the whorls. The
lines of growth are rather prominent. It was found near Goodland Point,
West Florida, by Hemphill.

Ethalia solida n. s.

Plate XXVIII. Figs. 3, 5.

Shell small, solid, stout, ivory white, of three rounded whorls, the last much
the largest. Sculpture of fine incremental lines, sometimes faintly wrinkled
near the suture; upper surface rounded, subconic, the whorls not impressed
at the suture, which is fairly distinct. Periphery rounded, base subconic, um-
bilicus reduced to a minute chink with a twisted callus above it; aperture
circular, oblique, with a triangular callus at each end of the columella; the
upper margin declining. Alt. 2.0, max. diam. 2.75 mm.

Habitat. Station 19, Lat. 23° 3’ N., Lon. 83° 10’ W., off Bahia Honda, Cuba,
in 310 fms., bottom temperature 62°.0 F.

This is more solid and elevated than any species yet described from this
region,

Subgenus DILLWYNELLA Datt.

Shell resembling Diloma in form, but minute, depressed, porcellanous, with
a thin horny operculum of comparatively few whorls; imperforate, but with a
depression bounded by a riblet in the umbilical rib outside of the columella;
whorls few with a thin fugacious epidermis; outer lip thin; pillar without
teeth, projections, or folds, passing smoothly into the anterior margin.

Dillwynella modesta n. s.
Plate XXI. Figs. 3, 3a.
Shell of three or four whorls, smooth, whitish, covered with an extremely

thin epidermis which rises in microscopic blisters; spire rounded, depressed,
with a distinct suture; sculpture of faint lines of growth except on the base

‘

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 363

where a single rounded riblet or carina bounds a somewhat concave lunate
space outside of the polished columella; outer lip thin, sharp, a moderate
callus on the body; pillar thick, polished; operculum translucent yellowish,
of about five turns; aperture rounded, with a slight angle behind, Diam. of
shell, 4.0; of aperture, 2.0; height of shell, 3.0 mm,

Habitat. Station 215, off St. Lucia, in 226 fms., coarse sand, bottom tem-
perature 51°.0.

This little shell will not fit into any of the groups defined in the text-books,
resembling more than any other group the Rotellide, from which it differs in
wanting the sutural fasciole, the nacreous layer, and the basal callus, as well
as in possessing an epidermis. It is remarkably solid for its size, and of a
peculiar opaque whiteness, like Mamma among the Naticide. It is named in
honor of the respected Dr. Dillwyn, whose “ Catalogue” is one of the most
careful and judicious works of the kind among the many which were published
between the tenth edition of the “Systema Nature” and the epoch-making
‘¢ Histoire des Animaux sans Vertebres” of Lamarck.

Genus CALLIOSTOMA Swainson.

Calliostoma Swainson, Malacology, pp. 218, 351, 1840.
Ziziphinus Gray, Synops. Brit. Mus., 1840. (No description.)

There is no doubt that Swainson’s name was defined in a proper manner,
and published, before the name published by Gray and ascribed to an old
manuscript of Leach. As the duplication of such a word as Ziziphinus has a
particularly obnoxious sound, and the practice is condemned by all nomen-
clators and all rules, there would seem to be no reason except the natural
perversity of human nature why any one who knows the facts should adhere
to Gray’s name in preference to the other. The type is Trochus conulus L.
The nucleus appears to be either dextral or sinistral indifferently.

Section CALLIOSTOMA s. s.
Not umbilicated.

Calliostoma euglyptum A. Apams.

Zizyphinus euglyptus A. Adams, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 88. Reeve, Mon. Zizyph., pl. iii.
fig. 17, 1863.

Habitat. Off the eastern coast of America, in 15-50 fms., from North
Carolina to Florida, Texas, and Vera Cruz, Mexico. Fossil in Florida Pliocene.
This fine species varies in color from dark rose to yellowish white, some-
times unicolor, sometimes variegated with whitish clouds radiating from the
invariably purplish apex. It was referred by Reeve to Tasmania, in error.
It is the commoner imperforate species of Florida, often collected by tourists,

364 BULLETIN OF THE

and is found in the Caloosahatchie marls. I have seen no specimens from the
Antilles, nor have I seen it quoted by any author from the West Indies. It
may probably exist in Cuba.

Calliostoma Bairdii Verritt & Smita.

Calliostoma Bairdii Verrill & Smith, Am. Journ. Sci., Nov., 1880, p. 896. Dall, Bull.
M..C, Z.,.LX. p. 46.

C. Psyche Dall (not described), Bull. M. C. Z., V. p. 61, July, 1878.

C. Bairdii Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 580, pl. lvii. fig. 26, 1882.

Habitat. Florida, in 100-200 fms. Deep water off Newport, R. I., and in
50-200 fms., off shore, along the eastern coast of the United States.

The southern and West Indian form of the species is paler and more deli-
cate in its colors, less elevated in form, and has the slopes from apex to the
basal margins slightly concave. In the northern variety they are not concave,
the shell is every way darker and duller in color, ruder, coarser, and less
attractive. For the southern variety, the prior but undescribed name used
by me in the first published reference to the species may perhaps be utilized
with advantage.

Calliostoma circumcinctum Datt.

Plate XXII. Figs. 3, 3a.

Calliostoma circumcinctum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 44, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, in 640 fms.; Station 2, in 805 fms.
This species appears to have a dextral nucleus.

Calliostoma echinatum Dat.
Plate XXI. Figs. 2a, 5.

Calliostoma echinatum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 47, 1881.

Habitat. Sigsbee, off Havana, in 80 fms.
Only one specimen has been obtained. The nucleus is sinistral and im-
mersed.

Calliostoma sapidum Da tt.
Plate XXI. Figs. 2, 4.

Calliostoma sapidum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 46, 1881.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms.
Only one specimen has been obtained which has a sinistral nucleus.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. : 365

Calliostoma tiara Warson.

Calliostoma tiara Watson, Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., LX. p. 45, 1881.
Trochus (Zizyphinus) tiara Watson, Lin. Soc. Journ., XIV. p. 696, Sept., 1879;
Chall. Gastr., p. 60, pl. vi. fig. 4, 1885.

Habitat. Station 44,539 fms. Station 2,220 fms. St. Thomas and Ber-
muda, Watson, Challenger Expedition.

Some specimens, especially those from off Havana, in 450 fms., which I
referred to this species in my Preliminary Report, I am now convinced are
distinct, and they are so described here under the name of C. corbis. The nu-
clens of C. tiara is globular, and immersed to a greater or less extent. It looks
as if it was originally sinistral.

Calliostoma corbis n. s.

Plate XXXIII. Fig. 1.

Shell small, white, with a glassy minute apparently dextral nucleus and
about six whorls. The first one or two have concave arched transverse ribs,
and resemble a bit of a small Scala; the others are very strongly reticulately
sculptured. The spiral sculpture consists of one very strong rib on the pe-
riphery, a slightly weaker one near the suture, and another (which is rarely
absent) midway between them; on the base there are four strong spirals a
little undercut at their outer edges. Transverse sculpture of strong thin
oblique radii (27-30 on the last whorl) following the lines of growth, reticu-
lating the spirals (on crossing which they become slightly nodose) and form-
ing deep squarish pits, which are elongated in the adult by the crowding
of the radii toward the mouth. The suture appears channelled, as the whorl
falls short of the peripheral rib which overhangs it, but is not really so. The
base is flexuously radiately ridged but not reticulate; the aperture rounded,
thickened within, lirate; the pillar thick with an obtuse knob almost a tooth
about the middle of it. Umbilicus none; whorls flattened above between
periphery and suture; base rather rounded. Alt. 5.0, max. diam. 3.75 mm.

Habitat. Off Havana, in 450 fms., Sigsbee. Station 20, in 220 fins. (with
C. tara Watson).

This species was at first confused with C. tiara Watson, which has not the
continuous strong network, and in which the nodules which represent the
intersections are of an imbricated character. The strong carina in C. corbis
forms the periphery, in C. tiara the homologous spiral is comparatively faint
and a little above the periphery. In C. tiara also the centre of the base is
indented, almost umbilicated, which is not the case in C. corbis, The latter is
a more solid shell, and the curious callosity on the pillar does not occur in any
of the specimens of C. tara I have seen.

366 BULLETIN OF THE

Calliostoma roseolum Da tt.
Plate XXIV. Figs. 6, 6a.
Calliostoma roseolum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 45, 1881.

Habitat. Station 11, Lat. 23° 43’ N., Lon. 83° 25’ W., near Havana, in
37 fms, Straits of Florida, in 200 fms. Also through the U.S. Fish Com-
mission, in warm water (75°.0), from North Carolina to Yucatan, in 15-50 fms.

This very pretty species marches with T’rochus pulcher C. B. Adams (Contr.
Conch., 1850, p. 69), not of A. Adams (1851), in distribution and general
coloration. It differs from it in having rounded, not carinated whorls, in the
full, not flattened base, in the absence of the two strong articulated spirals on
the periphery, and in having the whorls excavated above instead of nearly flat.
C. roseolum has no peripheral articulations of dark red and white or yellow,
which are the most prominent feature in good specimens of C. pulcher, the
latter in this respect recalling C. tampaénsis Conrad. C. roseolwm differs from
C. apicinum in the absence of the lire in the throat and the tooth-like process
on the columella when adult. When young it has not the narrow chink be-
hind the columella which is present in C. apicinum. The latter as far as
observed is always pallid in color except at the apex.

The nucleus in all these species, as well as in numerous other deep-water
trochids, is reversed and more or less immersed, a feature which I believe has
never been remarked upon by any recent naturalist. This is, however, not
true of all species from deep water, and when not mentioned in this Report it
will be understood that the nucleus in the specimens examined was either
dextral, or so imperfect that its character could not be ascertained.

Calliostoma apicinum Da tt.
Plate XXIV. Figs. 3, 3a.
Calliostoma apicinum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 46, 1881.

Habitat. Barbados, 73-100 fms., coral, bottom temperature 73°.5 F. Off
Havana, Sigsbee, 175 fms.

The examination of another specimen shows that this species covers the
chink behind the pillar when adult, that there is a blunt knob suggesting
Thalotia on the pillar, and that it has eight or nine strong lire running into
the throat and not connected with the outside sculpture, the one nearest the
pillar thickened and raised at its termination. The nucleus is sinistral.

Calliostoma aurora DALt.
Plate XXXVII. Fig. 2.

Calliostoma aurora Dall, Agassiz, Three Cruises of the Blake, Il. p. 68, fig. 285,
Jan., 1888.

Shell delicate, nine-whorled, acutely pointed ; above with a color varying

from light pink to straw-color; below light cream-color, the sharp peripheral

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 367

carina lighter than the rest of the upper surface; general outline from nucleus
to basal periphery somewhat concave; base concavely excavated within the
margin, slightly convex toward the centre; nucleus whitish, smooth; whorls
gently rounded, closely appressed to the almost invisible suture and excavated
in front of it; the last whorl flatter above, more rapidly enlarging at the pe-
riphery. Sculpture of small regular waves on the carina, about six in a space
of 5.0 mm., giving a minutely scalloped outline; behind this a strong nod-
ulous thread, revolving like a string of small uniform beads ; then a more
slender thread more finely beaded ; in all eleven regularly alternating revolv-
ing threads at the beginning of the last whorl; this sculpture is very uniform
all over the upper surface; base. polished, smooth, except for two or three
faint beaded lines and grooves about the pillar, and faint longitudinal and
transverse growth markings; aperture nearly twice as wide as high; lower lip
with a beautifully concavely arched outline, falling much behind the upper
one; margin simple, except for sculpture marks; pillar short, arcuated, pearly,
simple, ending in a slight point. Height of shell, 21.0; extreme width, 26.5;
height of aperture, 6.0 mm.

Habitat. Stations 265 and 299, near Barbados, in 576 and 140 fms., coral
bottom, temperature 40° to 56°.5 F.

A single specimen and a fragment of this extremely lovely shell were ob-
tained as above. It is well distinguished from its congeners, none of which
closely resemble it. The color is evenly distributed in the type, but, as in
C. Bairdw, it is likely that the color may be more dark and pronounced in
more northern localities. The marked features are the concavity of the slope
of the spire and of the outer portion of the base, the polished base contrasting
with the regularly beaded upper surface, and the delicately notched carina at
the periphery. It is one of the most attractive species of the genus.

Calliostoma orion n.s.
Plate XXVIII Fig. 2.

Shell small, white, acutely conical, with a glassy sinistral globular nucleus
and five (or more) whorls; radiating sculpture consisting of faint incremental
lines; spiral sculpture on the upper surtace of the last whorl of seven nodulous
revolving lines, beginning at the suture; the first, third, and fifth have larger
nodules elongated in the direction of the lines, the second and fourth are more
finely and simply evenly beaded. A single fine raised not nodulous thread sep-
arates each pair of the preceding; the sixth and seventh spirals are smaller than
the fifth and close together; they stretch over a series of more distant swellings,
and are concavely impressed between them; ag these lines form the periphery,
this gives a wavy or scalloped outline to the base, which has about eighteen
such waves arranged to a certain extent in pairs, the distance and concavity
between them alternating greater and less. The longer waves are articulated
with pale brown, and the first and third spirals show traces of a similar ar-
ticulation. The base is pretty sharply carinated, flattened, and finely spirally

368 BULLETIN OF THE

threaded, some of the threads showing faint traces of articulation; columella
nearly straight, aperture nearly rectangular. There is no umbilicus or pit.
Alt. 4.5, max. diam. 4.0 mm.

Habitat. Off Havana, in 80 fms., Sigsbee.

This little shell is not quite adult, and is evidently somewhat faded. Never-
theless, there is not any other species of the region possessing such a sculpture,
and I have no doubt as to its novelty.

Section EUCASTA Datu.

Shell with a moderate sulcus near the periphery, producing a fasciole, as in
Pleurotomaria; otherwise the shell characters as in Calliostoma, especially such
species as C. aurora, ete. No umbilicus.

Type C. (Hucasta) indiana Dall.

Calliostoma (Eucasta) indiana n. s.

Plate XXXII. Figs. 3, 5.

Shell thin, conical, yellowish, with faint brown articulations on the spirals,
with a minute sinistral nucleus, and six and a half whorls. Radiating sculp-
ture of flexuous incremental lines, and fine wrinkles, which are more prominent
toward the periphery on the last whorl and on the early whorls reticulate the
spiral sculpture. On the last whorl] these lines extend backward with moderate
obliquity to the periphery, just above which is the fasciole caused by a well
marked but shallow rounded sulcus; on the base they make a deep rounded
concave sweep backward, and then ascend toward the base of the pillar. The
spiral sculpture on the early whorls comprises two sharp narrow little elevated
threads at the periphery, three, less contiguous, above the fasciole, and one
near the suture, neatly reticulated by the wrinkles and minutely nodulous at
the intersections. The spirals over most of the shell are strap-like, flattened,
narrow, and distinctly marked off from the impressed broader interspaces; on
the last whorl there is a single smooth flat thread below the nodulated one
next the suture, and two run in the middle of the fasciole. ‘The peripheral
thread has become single and much stronger than the others. On the base
there are seven spirals, faintly nodulous, articulated with pale brown, and sepa-
rated by much wider impressed interspaces, over which are a few fine spiral
lines. The base is flattened, or even a little concave; the pillar moderately
arcuate, the mouth four-sided. There is no umbilical pit. Alt. 8.3, max.
diam. 7.6, min. diam. 6.4 mm.

Habitat. Station 247, off Grenada, in 170 fms., gray ooze, bottom tem-
perature 53°.5 F.

This pretty little shell has the aspect of a Calliostoma. I have had an oppor-
tunity of comparing it with Férskalia declivis, and should judge that this bears
the same relation to Calliostoma that the other does to Gibbula. It certainly
cannot be united with Férskalia or Basilissa.

April 29, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 369

Section EUTROCHUS A. Apams.

Shell umbilicated. Type, 7. javanicus, Lam.

A few years ago, in discussing the faune of the coasts of America, a nat-
uralist would have called attention to the large number of fine species of
Calliostoma found on the western coast, and the paucity of species on the east,
as a peculiar characteristic.

Now, thanks to deep-sea researches, we know that there are probably as
many, and certainly as fine, species of Calliostoma on the eastern shores of
America as there are on the western, though unfortunately they are not quite
so accessible.

The two oldest known forms from the West Indies labor under the pecu-
liar difficulty, either of having close relatives in the East Indies and being
confounded with them in the monographs, or of being erroneously assigned by
authors to the East Indian fauna from time immemorial.

I find, for instance, Trochus jujubinus and T. javanicus assigned to the East
Indies by the usual books of reference, except old Chemnitz, (though not by all
writers,) and yet I have never been able to find an authentic specimen from a
definite East Indian locality.

It is to be presumed that both these shells are West Indian solely, but it is
rather curious that this matter has not been more generally understood, and
settled. Unfortunately, I have not been able to consult Dr. Fischer’s mono-
graph, but that in Martini and Chemnitz refers only to Java. I prefer on the
whole, considering the falsity of the first specific name, to use Reeve’s name
of zonamestus for Trochus javanicus, of which I have a fine specimen from
St. Kitts.

I have the pleasure of adding some of the finest species known to the already
rather long list of this group.

Calliostoma (Hutrochus) jujubinum Gmerin.

Trochus Jjujubinus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., p. 3570. Dillw. Cat., II. p. 762.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms., dead, and probably drifted. Coast of North
Carolina, in the warm water off shore, to Florida, Texas, and Yucatan, in 10-30
fms. Antilles, Cuba, Jamaica, St. Thomas, Carthagena, Virgin Islands, Ba-
hamas, St. Croix, U.S. Nat. Mus. Pliocene of the Caloosahatchie deposits,
southwest Florida, Dall.

Var. tampaénsis Conrad. Whorls flat above instead of excavated ; colors
clouded dark and light brown and white, instead of reddish; distal end of
pillar more prominent. (Florida and northward.)

Var. Rawsoni Dall. Shell smaller, whorls excavated above, umbilicus
smaller, pillar thin, and tooth weak or absent ; color dark red or very dark
brown and red, with lunate white cloudings ; cone of shell more acute, nucleus

VOL, XVIII. 24

370 BULLETIN OF THE

white, minute, globular, (St. Croix, Gov. Rawson. Gulf of Mexico, U.S.
Fish Commission.)

The fossils are not quite equal to the average of recent specimens in size,
contrary to the usual rule, but otherwise are identical. The varieties blend in
a large series.

Calliostoma (Hutrochus) yucatecanum Da tt.
Plate XXIV. Figs. 4, 4a.
Calliostoma yucatecanum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 47, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, in 640 fms. U. S. Fish Commission Stations
2605, 2608, 2615, and 2619, off the coast of North Carolina, in the warm area,
in 15-32 fms., sand; bottom temperature 78° to 80°.0 F.

Most of the northern specimens are less elevated and proportionally wider
than the Blake specimen which has been figured, but which seems to have been
a little unusual in its elevation.

Calliostoma (Hutrochus) Sayanum n.s.

Plate XXXIII. Figs. 10, 11.

Shell large, polished, solid, eight-whorled, having a good deal the form of
the 0. tigris of New Zealand ; umbilicated ; straw-yellow lineated with red-
brown, and having a broad rose-colored peripheral band. Walls of umbilicus
marked with incremental lines, slightly excavated near the carina, above con-
vex, the convexity revolving with the whorl; convexity straw-color, a deep
brown band revolving just within the carina. Spiral sculpture outside the
carina, which is not very sharp, consisting of two strong beaded spirals alter-
nating with two fine simple brown elevated lines, then nine subequal, finer,
less coarsely beaded, the upper angle of the aperture being at the ninth; all
these straw-color with brown interspaces; then three fine yellow-brown un-
dulated lines, then a larger nodulated peripheral spiral with a smaller similar
one on each side of it, these and their interspaces of a deep rose-pink; above
the pink band is the largest nodulated spiral, followed by (on the last whorl)
seven or eight somewhat smaller, alternating larger and smaller, the last sepa-
rated by a smooth space from the suture. These are all straw-color with
brown interspaces and an occasional intercalary fine line. Radiating sculpture
only of faint incremental lines. Nucleus lost; the earlier whorls have three
nodulated spirals. Base and whorls a little convex, periphery evenly rounded,
sutures distinct. Aperture ovate, margin simple, columella concavely arched,
a slight angle, not to be called a tooth, formed by the end of the umbilical
carina at the base. .Interior extremely nacreous. Max. lat. of base, 40.0; of
mouth, 18.0; max. alt. of shell, 37.0; of mouth, 10.0 mm. Apical angle about
80°. Operculum amber-colored, fibrous toward the edges, with twelve or more
whorls, a small central elevation on the inner side.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 371

Animal with stout rounded muzzle, short stout tentacles, large black eyes,
a very large anterior epipodial lobe, two lateral cirri, and two or three small
ones from under the operculum. The foot is bluntly rounded before and be-
hind. The color of the external soft parts is uniform straw-color.

Habitat. U. S. Fish Commission Station 2594, of 1885, twenty miles
southeast from Cape Hatteras, N. C., in 120 fms., sand, bottom temperature
58°.0. A fragment at Station 2601, thirty-six miles south half west from
Hatteras, in 107 fms., sand. Both collected by the U. 8. Fish Commission
Steamer Albatross.

This is altogether the finest American species, and cannot be confounded
with any other now known.

Calliostoma (Hutrochus) Benedicti n. s.

Plate XXXII. Fig. 7.

Shell depressed, with an acute apex and slightly concave outline, umbilicated,
polished; straw-colored, lineated with red brown and pale pink; base convex,
slightly flattened, periphery rounded; nucleus minute, apparently dextral;
whorls seven or more; umbilicus deep and narrow, with flexuous walls exca-
vated near the carina, which is marginated with an opaque white band; spiral
sculpture beginning at the umbilicus ; outside the carina, which is simple, two
strong broad subnodulous spirals separated by a deep line, then fourteen or
more equal smooth flattish spirals with narrower interspaces and obsolete spiral
striule here and there; then a smooth or slightly striate peripheral space ; all
the preceding straw-color. Above the periphery two pink and one straw-col-
ored large smooth and rounded spirals, one smaller smooth one, then three large
and two intercalary smaller nodulous spirals separated from the suture by a
narrow smooth space. The interspaces are brown, the elevations straw-color.
The early whorls have two or three smooth and one or two nodulous spirals,
the former remain constant with growth, the latter increase in number. Ra-
diating sculpture of flexuous incremental lines, hardly visible. Aperture
rounded squarish, columella white, thin, concave, a small notch at its base.
Alt. of base, 7.5; of spire, 6.5; total, 14mm. Max. lat. of base, 18.0; of mouth,
8.5. Apical angle about 90°.

Operculum yellow, multispiral, translucent, polished. Type specimen not
full grown.

Habitat. Off Cape Lookout, N. Carolina, in about 200 fms., U. S. Fish
Commission.

This is a very handsome species, recalling the var. Psyche of Calliostoma
Bairdii, from which it is easily distinguished by its umbilicus and sculpture.

It isnamed in honor of Mr. J. 8. Benedict, formerly naturalist of the Albatross
party, who rescued it from a pilfering and esthetic sailor, by whose theft the
exact station number was lost. It was living when obtained. The soft parts
as preserved are whitish, with very large black eyes. The foot is long, narrow,

372 BULLETIN OF THE

and pointed behind. The epipodium has a very large anterior lobe reaching to
the base of the tentacles, and four long cirri diminishing backward, set at
regular intervals, two being under the shadow of the operculum; the posterior
part has no cirri. The muzzle is long, widened and papillose at its extremity
which seems as if it might expand into a sort of tube in front of the jaws,
which are black. There are no epipodial lobes between the tentacles. The
animal recalls that of Eutrochus cinctellus, but is larger.

Calliostoma (Eutrochus) cinctellum n.s.

Plate XXXII. Figs. I, 4.

Shell small, thin, pearly white with faint touches of pale brown, seven-
whorled, with a globular inverted minute nucleus and rather convex base;
spiral sculpture of two prominent spirals, one peripheral, simple, sharp, with
occasional touches of brown; against this the suture is laid in the earlier
whorls, while in the last whorl it descends below it; the other spiral is above
the periphery, and is stronger and ornamented with (on the last whorl) about
forty sharp projecting thorn-like tubercles, each inclined a little forward, and
alternating brown and white. Between this and the periphery the space is
excavated. Above these there are about four (on the earlier whorls one or two)
small raised spiral lines separated by much wider interspaces, nodulated with
small but prominent nodules at the intersections with the radiating sculpture;
all the sculpture growing fainter, and intercalary fine lines appearing, toward
the aperture on the last whorl. Base with two strong nodulous spirals sepa-
rated by a deep interspace, the inner one forming the umbilical margin; outside
of these 16-20 fine flattened spiral threads, with about equal interspaces, reach-
ing to the periphery and hardly ruffled by the incremental lines. Radiating
sculpture much like that of C. tiara, of numerous, on the early whorls strong,
slightly elevated oblique threads, extending clear across the whorls and reticu-
lating the spirals; these radii grow fainter and finally on the last whorl nearly
disappear; on the base there are only faint flexuous incremental lines. Um-
bilicus narrow, its walls flexuous, yellow. Aperture squarish, the pillar little
concave, not toothed, margin thin and simple. Upper surface of whorls ex-
cept the sculpture flattened; suture distinct, not channelled. Operculum horny,
multispiral. Alt. of shell, 9.5; of spire above the aperture, 6.5; max. diam. of
base, 8.0; min. diam., 7.0 mm.

Soft parts whitish, foot short, pointed behind, muzzle rounded, gill single,
anus prolonged into a long free papilla, eyes large; tentacles long and stout,
without frontal lobes; epipodium with a large anterior lobe, and four cirri all
anterior to the operculum and about of equal size. Jaws separate, squarish,
composed of small horny obliquely set rods, whose lozenge-shaped end-sections
reticulate the surface under the microscope.

The dentition is peculiar, The rhachidian and (on each side) five laterals
have broad simple bases with a pear-shaped outline; the cusps, which might be

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 373

compared to the stem of the pear bent over, are extremely narrow and long and
symmetrically serrate on each side with 4-6 serrations. The major uncinus is
stont and has a large four-toothed ovate cusp; there are about twenty more
slender uncini with scythe-like cusps serrate on the outer edge; outside of
these are two or three of a flat form, like a section of a palm-leaf fan from
handle to margin with four riblets, and the distal edge with three or more
indentations. Under pressure these uncini have a tendency to split up length-
wise, beginning at the indentations. They are flat and smooth, thinner toward
the distal end, and have no distinct shaft.

Habitat. Off Havana, at Station 101, in 174 fms., Sigsbee.

This interesting species looks at the first glance as if the excavated space be-
tween the peripheral cinguli was fasciolar, like that of Hucasta, but a more
careful inspection shows that there is no sign of a notch or sulcus in the lines
of growth. The dentition forms a combination so far not recorded among the
Trochidze, but which will perhaps seem less singular when more species have
been examined. The radula is quite minute and difficult to examine; when
only the cusps of the central and lateral teeth were in the field of the micro-
scope, they were so slender and elongated as to suggest little tails, and the
symmetrical notching gave them almost a jointed appearance. ‘The shell is
very pretty, and recalls Basilissa in its general appearance.

Calliostoma (Dentistyla) asperrimum Dat.

Margarita asperrima Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., [X. p. 40, 1881.

Habitat. Station 12, in 177 fms.; Barbados, in 100 fms.; Station 20, in 220
fms.; Station 206, off Martinique, in 170 fms., sand, bottom temperature 49°.0;
Stations 273 and 299, off Barbados, in 103-140 fms., coral, bottom tempera-
tures 56° to 59°.0 F. U.S. Fish Commission Station 2602, off North Caro-
lina, in 124 fms., sand.

Variety dentiferum Dall, Plate XXIII. Figs. 7, 8.

Sculpture more strongly and exclusively nodulous; a strong blunt tooth on
the columella just within the aperture and above the base. Outer lip lirate
within. Alt. 7.5, lat.6.0 mm. Habitat, Station 299.

Calliostoma (Dentistyla) sericifilum n. s.

Plate XXIV. Figs. 1, la.

Shell delicately but sharply reticulate all over; two peripheral spirals mi-
nutely spinose at the intersections; columellar tooth present but not strong.
Shell thinner and more nacreous than the typical form, and with the radiating
and spiral sculpture not differing so much in strength. Alt. 4.5, lat. 4.1 mm.

Habitat. Station 262, off Grenada, in 92 fms., sand, bottom temperature
62°.0 F.

374 BULLETIN OF THE

These species are somewhat puzzling. With the external sculpture and um-
bilicus of a rather conical Solariella, we find in adult specimens a well marked
blunt tooth on the columella, and the aperture opposite furnished with raised
lire. In other specimens these are not visible, but then it is impossible to
say that they are completely adult. The sculpture runs the usual gamut of
evenly reticulate; nodose reticulate, the intersections marked by little imbri-
cations while most of the network is obsolete; and, finally, of uneven reticula-
tion where the cords one way are much stronger than those by which they are
intersected. None of the specimens contained the soft parts, so their relations
must for the present remain problematical. The group is hardly Thalotia,
being umbilicate; it is certainly not a Euchelus or Craspedotus. Perhaps the
most reasonable conclusion, in the absence of more information, is that this sec-
tion bears to Thalotia about such a relation as Eutrochus bears to Calliostoma.
The tooth is on the pillar, not at its anterior end.

Genus MARGARITA LeEacu#.

Margarita Leach, Journ. de Phys., LXXXVIII. p. 464, 1819, Appendix to Ross’s
First Voyage, 1819.

Margarita Broderip & Sowerby, Zodél. Journ., IV. p. 365, 1828.

Margarites Leach MS., 1819, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XX. p. 268, 1847; Synop.
Moll. Gr. Brit., p. 197, Dec., 1852. (Type, I. helicina Fabr.)

Eumargarita Fischer, Man. Conch., p. 825, 1885.

Not Margarita Leach, Zool. Misc., I. p. 107, 1814, = Margaritifera Da Costa (1776)
et al.; Unionum Link (1807); Margaritiphora Megerle (1811); Meleagrina
Lamarck (1812) ; etc.

In 1814 Leach used the name Margarita for a section of Avicula, which had
already received several names. The name Margarita was therefore a synonym.
In 1819 he used the same name, this time for a valid genus; but, apparently
recognizing that this might cause confusion, he changed its termination in a
work which he had in press in 1820, and which was interrupted by his death.
This work was published some thirty years later by Dr. J. E. Gray.

The second use of a generic name once fallen into synonymy, although
not forbidden by the accepted rules for nomenclature, is greatly to be depre-
cated; yet when it has occurred, and when the second application of the name
is universally unchallenged for more than half a century, and the original
application never was in use and has been absolutely ignored, I can see no
benefit likely to accrue to science from a change of names. It cannot be too
clearly understood that an ex post facto application of rules, however useful in
themselves and for present guidance, to‘the work of authors preceding La-
marck’s Animaux sans Vertébres, will produce nothing less than confusion and
annoyance. We have a right to insist ona consistently binomial nomenclature
and strict priority for all names, but to attempt more is to invite chaos to come
again.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 375

It may be worth while to remark, as Leach’s * book is a very rare one, that
Vol. I. pages 1-57, plates i.-xxv. inclusive, were published in 1814; pages 57-
129, plates xxvi.-lvii., probably in 1814; and the remainder certainly in 1815,
as I have ascertained from contemporary advertisements issued with the parts.
The genus Bulimulus, types B. aculus (Mill.), p. 41, and B. trifasciatus Leach,
p- 42, would therefore date from 1814, also Margarita (type the mother of pearl
shell of commerce), p. 107, and Dipsas (plicatus Leach), p.119, Aciona Leach
(type Scalaria pretiosa Lam.), Vol. II. p. 79, dates from 1815.

Section MARGARITA sg. s.
Margarita erythrocoma n. s.

Plate XXVIII. Fig. 1.

Shell small, depressed conic, yellowish, variegated and articulated with
rose-pink and opaque white; whorls rounded, four or five in number, with a
minute smooth nucleus ; generally a little carinated on the upper surface, es-
pecially the earlier whorls, by one or two prominent spiral riblets; below full
and rounded, with a small but well marked umbilicus. Radiating sculpture
of the lines of growth occasionally irregular so as to form faint waves, but
usually inconspicuous ; spiral sculpture of fine close little-raised threads, with
on the upper surface one and on the periphery another stronger thread or
carination, seldom nodulous, and stronger on the earlier whorls. The spirals
are usually articulated with rose-red and opaque white or greenish yellow.
The base is rounded, finely spirally threaded, umbilicus not carinated nor
marked by special sculpture. Aperture rounded, oblique, the margins a little
angulated above, thin, simple, joined by a thin layer of callus on the body.
Alt. of largest specimen, 5.0; max. diam., 5.25; min. diam. of base, 4.0 mm.

Variety ?samane. Shell more depressed, last whorl proportionately larger,
and aperture much more oblique; umbilicus twisted, nearly closed, white with
radiating flexuous striz; shell colored like the typical form and with similar
early whorls. Alt., 4.75; max. diam. of base, 5.75; min. diam., 4.25 mm.

Habitat. Off Sand Key,in54fms, Samana Bay, St. Domingo, and Nassau,
Bahamas, U. S. Nat. Mus.

The variety. Samana Bay, in 16 fms., Couthouy.

This very pretty little species occurs with Liotia miniata in moderate depths of
water. The specimen from 54 fms. was probably drifted. It may be distin-
guished from the Liotta, which is about the same size, by the different characters
of aperture and umbilicus. There is no northern species which resembles it,

* The Zoological Miscellany | being | descriptions of new or interesting animals |
by William Elford Leach, M.D. F.L.S. & W.S. | [etc.] | illustrated with | colored
figures drawn from nature | by R. P. Nodder [ete.]. London, Printed for E. Nodder
& Son, 1814. | Second title, issued with the concluding part, has a quotation and
“Vol. I.,” added before “London,” with date 1815. ‘Total, Vol. I., 144 pp., 8vo,
60 colored plates; Vol. II., 161 pp., plates 61-120, ‘‘ 1815.”

376 BULLETIN OF THE

Subgenus TURCICULA Datu.

Turcicula imperialis Dat.
Plate XXII. Figs. 1, la.
Margarita (Turcicula) imperialis Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 42, 1881.

Habitat. Off Cuba, in 200 fms.

Only the original specimen has been found so far in the Blake collection,
but another has been added by the dredgings of the Albatross, from 182 fms.,
coral bottom, off Havana. It is also dead and wants the tip, but it shows from
its proportions (base 12.0, and alt. of three whorls counting back from aperture
15.0 mm.) that the shell is more highly elevated and conical than would be
anticipated from the specimen figured.

A fine species of what seems to be this subgenus of the group was obtained
in the Pacific by the Albatross Expedition, and affords the following notes on
the soft parts of Turcicula.

The sides of the foot below the epipodial line are granulous, above the line
the surface is rather smooth. Much of the surface is apt to be covered with
a layer of blackish or olivaceous substance like solidified mucus or paint, which
seems to belong to the animal, yet is wholly external to the cuticle. The foot
is broad, not very long, bluntly pointed behind; the front edge straight,
double, the lateral angles pointed. The upper layer of the edge is smooth and
turgid in most of the specimens. It is not indented in the median line.

The muzzle is stout, circularly wrinkled, a little expanded at the disk. The
oral disk is not marginated; its surface is finely granulose; it is angulated at
its lower outer corners and medially indented below. There are no oral palps
or tactile appendages.

The cephalic tentacles for the size of the animal are small and short. At
their inner bases are small “ palmettes,” or cephalic epipodial fringes, not quite
meeting in the middle line. They are rounded, with papillose edges. At the
outer bases of the tentacles are the eyes, large, oliviform, mounted on short
pedicels. The pigmented portion itself is ovoid, and not hemispherical. In
some specimens the pigment seems to be more extensive on the under side, in
others the reverse, and still cthers have it equally distributed. A lens and
aqueous humor are distinctly observable. At the right side, behind and on a
level with the eye, is a short tubular verge. The anterior epipodial side-lappet
does not appear to be modified into a seminal conduit, as in Margarita infundi-
bulum Watson. These lappets are nearly symmetrical. Their bases are turned
up a little on each side behind the eyes, and the lappets are rather wide. They
extend backward about two thirds of the way to the operculum, with a finely
papillose edge. Then comes a single tentacular filament, less than half as
long as a cephalic tentacle. There is another stretch of edge fringed with only
small papille; under the operculum there are three long filaments, of which
the posterior is longest. Behind the operculum the epipodial lines of the two

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. ° ovis

sides approach each other and bound a median furrow, coarsely transversely
ridged (as in Pleurotomaria), which extends to the end of the foot.

The mantle-edge is smooth or very sparsely papillate, slightly thickened,
The free end of the intestine projects on the right side over the neck, with its
termination constricted by a sphincter, and then expanded into a cup-shaped
circular foramen, On the left side is the gill, consisting of a central somewhat
muscular ensiform basement, from which depend two sets of elongate-triangu-
lar lamelle separated by a narrow ridge. The left-hand set are slightly the
longer. Most of the gill is free. Its distal end is pointed, and the lamella
hang, side by side, with the ridge between the two series, as in Nucula. The
intestine takes a curve to the left side, where the renal gland is visible between
it and the gill. I observed no osphradium,

The mouth is small. A short distance behind it is a deep radular diverticu-
lum. The jaws are small, triangular, and dark brown. The gullet opens
almost directly into an elongate large longitudinally wrinkled stomach. Be-
hind it the very large intestine, with longitudinally striated walls, extends
backward about half a whorl; then turns upward and forward for a third of
a whorl; then back again upon itself about the same distance; then forward to
its anal termination above described.

The liver and seminal gland appear to resemble those of ordinary Trochids.

The operculum is amber-colored, polished, thin, and centrally depressed.
It has about a dozen whorls. The opercular pad is ovoid and rather small.

The radula is quite small and the anterior part dark brown. The intestine
in all-the specimens is crammed with a greenish mud consisting of disinte-
grated foraminifera.

The dentition recalls that of Calliostoma, Solariella, Margarita, etc., and
presents nothing very characteristic.

The central tooth has a broad thin base, subrectangular, and a little wider at
the anterior corners. The stem of the cusp and the cusp are narrow. The
latter is simple, rather small, short and recurved. It is not denticulate. There
are three or four admedian or lateral teeth, rather long, with small bases, rather
broad simple moderately curved brownish cusps. There are about twenty-
five uncini, half of which spring from lozenge-shaped bases looking like a
pavement, are long, narrow, slender, moderately curved with spatuliform tips.
One edge of these tips is microscopically serrate, and below the serrate part on
the same side is a single larger denticle, standing out like a short thumb.

The external uncini are thin, flat, wide, and hardly curved. Their distal
ends are flat and broad, with the edge simple and entire. These teeth gradu-
ally diminish in size and width, as‘usual in Trochide. The formula would
be 25+3+1-+3-+ 25, or very nearly that, but time has been wanting in
which to undertake the laborious task of an exact enumeration of these minute
and tangled objects, of which the general features have just been recorded.

All the specimens of Turcicula previously obtained were incomplete and
deprived of epidermis. The Pacific species, which will be described in the
Report on the Voyage of the Albatross, reaches a large size (50.0 mm. high by

378 BULLETIN OF THE

42.0 wide), is covered with a delicate green epidermis, which erodes like that
of a fresh-water shell, and exhibits a nearly circular aperture with a somewhat
reflected lip and brilliantly pearly throat. There is no callus across the body
nor any umbilicus. The shell bears a singular resemblance to a very large thin
greenish Vivipara or Tulotoma. It is one of the finest animals collected on
the Albatross voyage, and was found in about four hundred fathoms, off the
coast of Southern California.

It will be named Turcicula Bairdii in honor of the late U. S. Fish Commis-
sioner, Prof. Spencer I’. Baird. A larger variety or closely related species was
dredged at about the same depth off the coast of Peru.

Section BATHYMOPHILA Datt.

Margarita (Bathymophila) euspira Datt.
Plate XXXII. Fig. 8.
Margarita? euspira Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 44, 1881.

M. (Bathymophila) euspira Dall, and var. nitens Jeffreys (MS.), Bull., lib. cit., p. 102,
Oct., 1881. ,

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms.

This species seems to be widely spread over the North Atlantic, and was
taken in considerable numbers by the Porcupine aud Valorous Expeditions.

It would seem as if the coronated form was less abundant than that not so
ornamented, judging by the specimens in the Jeffreys collection. The young
ones are often strongly spirally ridged, and it will be remarkable if they do
not get described as a Cyclostrema on their own account.

The only species with which this is likely to be confused is Umbonium
Bairdii, in which the whorls are much less rounded, being appressed to an
even slope from the apex to the periphery, while in M. euspira the suture is
very distinct, and even in the coronated variety the whorls round down to it.
On the base M. euspira has no large callus, its callus being confined to the
surface of the pillar, and not a pad filling the umbilical basin. MM. euspira is
larger and proportionally more elevated, and the young have a wide umbilicus.
It is also more pearly than the other.

I doubt extremely whether this little shell is related to Oxystele, as some of
my conchological friends would have it; but whether the sectional name pro-
posed for it be worth retaining or not, I propose to suspend judgment until
I can get hold of some specimens preserving the soft parts.

Subgenus SOLARIELLA A. Apams,
Solariella amabilis Jerrreys.
Trochus amabilis Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., III. p. 300; V. pl. Ixi. fig. 6.

Habitat. Station 46, in 888 fms.; Yucatan Strait, in 640 fms.; Station 41,
in 860 fms.; Station 2, in 805 fms.; Station 21, in 287 fms., living; Station

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 379

211, in 357 fms., near Martinique; Station 221, off Santa Lucia, in 423 fms.,
ooze, bottom temperature 43°.0. Also, living, at U.S. Fish Commission Sta-
tion 2644, in 193 fms., sand, off Cape Florida, bottom temperature 43°.4 F.

Solariella lamellosa Verritt & Smiru.

Margarita lamellosa Verrill & Smith (1880), Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 580, pl. lvii.
fig. 388, 1882.

Habitat. Barbados, in 100 fms. U. S. Fish Commission Stations 2595,
2601, 2602, and 2614, off the coast of North Carolina, in 15-32 fms., gravel.
Constantly smaller and differently wrinkled from the preceding.

Solariella scabriuscula Dat.

Plate XXI. Figs. 10, 10a.
Margarita scabriuscula Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 41, 1881.

Habitat. Station 44, Gulf of Mexico, southern part in 539 fms., bottom
temperature 39°.5 F.
Only a single specimen of this species has so far reached me.

Solariella zegleis Warson.

Margarita egleis (Watson), Dall, Bull. M. C. Z, IX. p. 40, 1881.
Margarita egleés Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XIV. p. 704, Sept., 1879; Chall. Rep.
Gastr., p. 81, pl. v. fig. 10, 1885.

Habitat of typical form. Station 19, in 310 fms. Off Cape St. Antonio, in
640 fms. Station 230, off St. Vincent, in 464 fms.

Having given a good deal of study to the group which clusters around the
above specific name, | have modified the views expressed in my preliminary
paper. I had not then had the opportunity of studying the large series of
specimens, recent and fossil, contained in the Jeffreys collection.

Not only am I obliged to review my own opinion, but I find myself wholly
unable to accept the views of Dr. Jeffreys, expressed in his ‘‘ Lightning and
Porcupine Mollusca,” Part VI. pp. 97, 98 (P. Z. S. 1883).

Primarily I find two fossil species, which appear to be the forerunners of
the group, and one of which appears to be found in a recent state. They are
Trochus cinctus Philippi, and Solariella maculata Searles Wood. The first
has somewhat the form of Solariella amabilis Jeffreys, but was a brightly col-
ored shell, and to my mind appears perfectly distinct from any of the recent
forms and from Wood’s species.

Wood’s species is (according to specimens identified by Professors Dewalque
and Seguenza) identical with Turbo moniliferus Nyst, non Sowerby, which is
the Solarium turbinoides of Nyst subsequently. Wood’s name has precedence.

380 BULLETIN OF THE

I find, however, that a species described by Libassi has been confounded
with S. maculata in a way I am not able to untangle, S. peregrina Libassi
being named T'rochus and Solarium by various contributors to the Jeffreys
collection, and Libassi’s paper being inaccessible to me. Two species have
been sent under that name, one being S. maculata Wood, and the other the
broad variety of S. e@gleis, both being found in the Tertiaries of Belgium and
Italy. To which Libassi’s name applies I am not able to say. If to S. egleis,
it would of course take precedence.

Leaving this question to be settled by any one having access to Libassi’s
work, we may now proceed to eliminate other extraneous matters from the
synonymy of S. egleis. Solariella lamellosa Verrill & Smith, and S. amabilis
Jeffreys, after careful study of a large series, I now consider distinct from each
other, from S. egleis, and from S. cinctus, with which Dr. Jeffreys united his
amabilis. Both amabilis and egleis seem to have occasional finely reticulated
specimens with the strong spirals absent. These have been lumped together
as var, affinis Jeffreys. I am pretty confident that a larger series of specimens
would connnect together Trochus rhina, rhysus, clavatus, and egleis of Watson
too closely to be specifically separated, but I have only been able to compare
specimens of what I suppose to be S. clavata, rhina, and egleis, broad and
narrow varieties. But these have nothing to do with Trochus Ottoi Philippi
(Margarita regalis Verrill & Smith), which has been injudiciously referred
to them by Dr. Jeffreys, I presume by a lapsus of memory. For the purposes
of this paper I shall keep these supposed varieties separate.

Solariella egleis var. lata Dall (? = peregrina Libassi).

Habitat. Station 208, off Martinique, 213 fms.; off Havana, Cuba, in 400
fms.; Station 2, in 805 fms. Tertiary of Belgium and of Reggio, Italy. Tal-
isman Expedition, as “ Trochus Ottoi” in Jeffreys collection.

Solariella (egleis var.?) rhina Watson.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms.; Station 176, in 391 fms.

Solariella (egleis var.?) clavata Watson.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms., and Yucatan Strait, in 640 fms.

The width and height of the shell, the strength of the spirals and tuber-
culation, and the size of the umbilicus, are all more or less variable factors,
not only in these deep-sea species, but in the ordinary littoral forms, as every
collector is aware.

Solariella infundibulum Warson.

Trochus (Margarita) infundibulum Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XIV. p. 707, Sept.,
1879; Chall. Rep. Gastr., p. 84, pl. v. fig. 5, 1885.

Habitat. Station 41, in 860 fms., bottom temperature 39°.5. Station 163,
off Guadelupe, in 769 fms., sand, bottom temperature 39°.75 F. U.S. Fish
Commission Station 2723, 1886.

This fine species grows as large as S. Ottoi Phil., or larger, and in sculpture

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 381

is about midway between that species and the more robust varieties of S. agleis
Watson. It belongs in the cold area,

This species has been imperfectly figured by Pelseneer in the Challenger
Report on the Anatomy of Deep Sea Mollusks. Specimens have been com-
pared for me with Watson’s types by Mr. E. A. Smith at the British Museum,
who identifies my specimens with Watson’s species. The male of this species
has a verge behind the right tentacle 2 mm. long, simple and tubular. The
right anterior epipodial lappet is specially modified into a conduit for the semi-
nal matter, and is rolled into a large long tube into the proximal end of which
the penis discharges. It is probable that this conduit serves to conduct the

‘semen to the eggs as they are deposited, rather than for copulation. There are

no epipodial remnants between the tentacles. These organs will be more fully
described in my Report on the Albatross Expedition.

Solariella Ottoi Parvirrt.

Trochus Ottoi Philippi, Moll. Sicilie, II. p. 227, pl. xxviii. fig. 9, 1884. Jeffreys,
P. Z. S., 1883, p. 98.

Margarita regalis Verrill & Smith (1880), Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 530, pl. lvii.
fig. 37, 1882; VI. p. 254, pl. xxix. fig. 14.

Habitat. Station 264, off Grenada, in 416 fms., ooze, bottom temperature
42°.0 F. U.S. Fish Commission, at various stations off the northeast coast of
the United States, in 115-500 fms. Pliocene of Italy, Philippi, Seguenza, etc.

The comparison with an authentic specimen of Philippi’s fossil leaves no
doubt whatever that the species described by Prof. Verrill is identical with it
as claimed by Dr. Jeffreys. The 7. Vaillanti Fischer I have never seen, and
the T. egleis of Watson, which Dr. Jeffreys also unites with Ottoz, I regard as
entirely distinct.

Solariella lissocona Datt.
Plate XXI. Figs. 8, 8a.
Margarita lissocona Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 41, 1881.
Habitat. Station 47, N. lat. 28° 42’, W. lon. 88° 40’, in the north central
part of the Gulf of Mexico, in 331 fms., bottom temperature 47°.0 F.

Only one specimen has turned up, so far, of this very well marked species,
which belongs in the group of S. egleis, infundibulum, etc.

Solariella lacunella Datt.
Plate XXI. Figs, 1,1a.

Margarita maculata Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 48, 1881. Not of Searles Wood, 1842.
Margarita lacunella Dall, op. cit., p. 102.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms.; Station 132, off Santa Cruz, in 115 fms.,
bottom temperature 65°0 F. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2592, 2602,

382 BULLETIN OF THE

2606, and 2612, off the coast of North Carolina, in 25-124 fms., gravel, bottom
temperature 58° to 77° F.

This species is nearest to T’rochus cinctus of Philippi, but differs in so many
details of sculpture, etc., that, though variable, I do not see my way clear to
unite them at present. The coloration is variable; some are clouded with
olive, and others with pinkish brown.

A variety, depressa, has the spire low and somewhat tabulated by a smooth
space between the suture and the spiral ribs,

Solariella iris Datt.
Plate XXI. Figs. 7, 7a.

Margarita iris Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 48, 1881.

Habitat. Sand Key, in 119 fms., living, Sigsbee.

Only one specimen of this form has been found. The upper surface much
resembles that of AZ. (S.) lacunella, but the base, especially the umbilicus, is
altogether different, the shell is thinner and much more pearly, and the spiral
lines are much finer.

Solariella lubrica Datt.

Plate XXI. Figs. 9,9a.
Margarita lubrica Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., LX. p. 44, 1881.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms.; Station 220, off Santa Lucia, in 116 fms.,
rocky bottom, temperature 58°.5 F.

Var. iridea Dall. Shell without the coronation at the suture, or cnly slight
traces of it, umbilical carina Jess strong, umbilicus smaller, whorls inflated, very
round, brilliantly pearly, base wider than in the type.

This extremely lovely little shell, when fresh, has a most brilliant greenish
nacre, shining like a diamond beetle. The variety was dredged by the U. S.
Fish Commission, off Cape Florida, in 193 fms., sand, bottom temperature
43°.4 F.

Genus EUCHELUS PHI irri.

Euchelus guttarosea n. s.

Plate XXXIII. Fig. 7.

Shell small, white, the upper surface of the whorls with very small distinct
rose-red dots sparsely distributed on the raised nodules of the sculpture, or all
white; five or more inflated strongly sculptured whorls, and a smooth nucleus.
Spiral sculpture of, on the upper surface of the last whorl, two small and two

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 383

strong spiral alternated ribs, one of the smaller just below the suture; a large
spiral on the periphery and four on the base; crossed by numerous obliquely
radiating threads, which make the early whorls coarsely reticulate with nodules
at the intersections, while in the later whorls the radiations become less marked
and the spirals more numerous and more conspicuously nodulous. Whorls
rounded, apex a little blunt, suture distinct, not channelled, base rounded, um-
bilicus none; pillar nearly straight, with a strong tooth near its base, aperture
rounded, oblique, a little descending above, with six or eight stout lire ending
in tooth-like nodules, body with a moderate layer of nacreous callus. Alt. 5.0,
max, diam, 4.5 mm.

Habitat, Off Havana, in 119-450 fms. Samana Bay, Santo Domingo.
Nassau, Bahamas. Various collections from the “ West Indies.”

This little shell is proportionally more depressed, and has fewer spirals
when young, and owing to the persistent lire looks adult at almost any stage.
It is extremely lovely when color and sculpture are perfect and fresh, but often
is wholly whitish. I have found it labelled by the name of punetiger A,
Adams, a much larger umbilicated species from the Indo-Pacific region.

I have not been able to find a description of it, or any figure closely resem-
bling it.

Genus BASILISSA Watson.
Basilissa Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XIV. p. 593, April, 1879.

Shell trochiform, umbilicate, nacreous, sculptured. Pillar concave, its distal
end projecting as a strong tooth, Margin of the aperture concavely sinuate
near the suture and on the base. Peripheral margin produced, claw-like, be-
tween the two shallow sinuations. A grooved or denticulate callus in the
adult on the body whorl and within the margin of the aperture. Aperture
sub-rhomboidal. Operculum multispiral, horny, with a circular callus on the
inner central face and a subcircular outline. Example, B. costulata Watson.

The above amended diagnosis is rendered necessary by the discovery of
adult specimens among the Blake shells. It is probable that most of the
species in an adult condition conform to it. It is conchologically related to
the genus Sequenzia, a transition from which is indicated by such species as
S. carinata, S. elegans, and S. trispinosa. But the soft parts as yet are un-
known. Should it be found, however, that some species do not exhibit the
denticulation, etc. described in B. costulata, and conform to the edentulous
type indicated in Watson’s original description, (and B. alta may prove to be
of this character,) these would of course retain the original name of Basilissa,
while for the dentate forms the name of Ancistrobasis might be used.

I have placed these species after the Trochide@ in accordance with the general
custom, but I do not feel confident that the eventual position of all the species
will be here.

384 BULLETIN OF THE

Section BASILISSA s. s.
Basilissa alta Warson.

Basilissa alta Watson, loc. cit., p. 589; Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., LX. p. 48, 1881; Watson,
Chall. Rep. Gastr., p. 100, pl. vii. fig. 8, 1886.

Habitat. Station 43, in 339 fms.; Station 41, in 860 fms.; Station 163, near
Guadelupe, in 769 fms., fine sand, bottom temperature 39°.5 F.; and Station
264, near Grenada, in 416 fms., gray ooze, bottom temperature 42°.5 F.

All these specimens were dead, though one or two were tolerably fresh, while
most of them were defective. The sculpture varies between the typical form
and the variety oxytoma Watson (loc. cit., pl. vii. fig. 8a). The size of the
specimens is very uniform.

Basilissa superba was dredged by the U. Fish Commission off the east coast
of the United States, south of Hatteras; the exact locality of the specimens was,
however, lost.

Basilissa alta Warson var. delicatula Datu.
Plate XXII. Figs. 2, 2a.

Seguenzia delicatula Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 48, 1881.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms.

This is more delicate and thin than the type, but otherwise much like it, ex-
cept that the delicate spiral threads cover the whole surface of the shell.

The reference of this form to Seguenzia was an error into which I was led
by the imperfect state of my specimens and the absence of any others for
comparison.

Section ANCISTROBASIS Datt.

Basilissa (Ancistrobasis ) costulata Watson.
Plate XXIII. Figs. 4,4a.

Basilissa costulata Watson, loc. cit., p. 600; Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 48, 1881;
Watson, Chall. Rep. Gastr., p. 103, pl. vii. fig. 11, 1886.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, in 640 fms.; Station 50, 119 fms.; Sand Key, in
15 fms.

Basilissa costulata var. depressa Datu.

The shell figured differs from B. costulata, as described and figured by
Watson, in the less flexuous radiating coste, which are nearly equal to the
interspaces in width, and in the smaller number of spiral ridges, which are
about ten on the base and seven to nine on the upper surface of the whorls.

May 4, 1889.

|
|
|

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 385

The armature of the mouth is a character which does not appear until full ma-
turity, so that I do not regard its non-existence in the Challenger specimens as
important. The other characters seem to agree closely with Watson’s figure
and description, and, taking into consideration the known variability of the
abyssal shells and among the Blake specimens of this species, I do not feel jus-
tified in separating the Blake shells specifically from B. costulata. If I am
correct in the identification, this material enables me to add a good deal to the
knowledge of the species and genus. The dried remains of the animal in one
specimen bear a pellucid multispiral operculum a little more circular in outline
than that of Seguenzia, but otherwise precisely like it.

The aperture in the adult is strongly thickened a little distance within its
margin, which remains sharp, The projecting peripheral part is a little bent in,
recalling the aperture of Seguenzia. The callus on the body is thin and
smooth, that within the outer lip is broad, thick, iridescent, and deeply grooved
parallel with the external spirals, producing four or five ridges between the
grooves above the carina and a larger number of rather smaller ones below it.
The columella is thickened concave and strongly reflected, its basal extreme
terminating in a stout tooth-like twist of the margin, beyond which is a deep
sulcus in the callus extending nearly across the base, in the middle of which rises
a solitary stout tooth-like ridge. The walls of the umbilicus are nearly smooth,
and as regards the individual turns are somewhat concave. The nucleus in this
form gives the impression, after very close scrutiny of several fresh specimens,
that it is really laid at right angles to the original axis and half immersed in
the first post-nuclear turn. This is masked by the fact that the nucleus proper
occupies less than a single turn, and appears thus more normal than it really is,
if my suspicions are correct.

Solarium reticulatum Philippi is referred to this genus by Watson, and is
said to have been dredged by the Porcupine at various stations in the North
Atlantic.

Famity DELPHINULIDZ.
Genus LIOTIA Gray.

Liotia Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus., 1840 (no description, type Delphinula cancellata Gray) ;
P. Z. S. 1847, p. 145.

This group was separated from Delphinula Lamarck (Angaria H. & A. Ad-
ams) to comprise the small species with a thickened margin to the aperture
and less brilliant nacre than the large forms. Gray’s type was a cancellated
species, and the genus Liotia, in the most restricted sense, will comprise those
species which have numerous varices or radiating circumambient ribs cancel-
lated more or less by spiral sculpture.

Those species having a single varix marking the finally adult condition,
generally with strong spiral ridges on the periphery, which may or may not

VOL. XVIII. 25

386 BULLETIN OF THE

be spinose, were separated by H. & A. Adams under the name Arene. Their
diagnosis was not of the best, and comprised several characters certainly not
of generic value. I am unable to see any characters in the subgenus Liotina
Munier-Chalmas which should separate it from the typical Avene.

Another group, which in my opinion belongs*here, is Lippistes Montfort,
based on the Argonauta cornu of Fichtel and Moller. This is not the Argo-
nauta cornu of Chemnitz, as has hastily been assumed by some authors. The
latter is apparently an Atlanta or Oxygyrus. Montfort’s figure represents a
shell which does not appear to differ from the forms named Daronia by Arthur
Adams, and Ilaira by H. & A. Adams, the quadration of the aperture in the
latter being a merely specific incident due to its sculpture, and probably not
permanent in all individuals of the same species. If, however, the disjunction
of the latter part of the last whorl be considered sufficient to separate it from
Daronia proper, where the whorls, though rolled in nearly the same plane, are
contiguous, Ilaira must take its place with Lippistes proper, which has this
character, while the final term of the series is afforded by Laaispira Gabb, a
section which may include Delphinula nitida Verrill, in which all the whorls
are lax, and to which D. laxa Say (if not a monstrosity) may also belong.
The latter has been referred to the Rudistes by Tryon (Man., II. p. 309), but
this must be due to some confusion of types. Mr. Say’s original description
and very good figure are incompatible with such a reference. There is much
more probability that the type of D. laxa was a deformed Natica, as Say him-
self suggests. He describes it as a recent marine shell, inhabiting the coast of
South Carolina among other marine shells. No suggestion of its being a
fossil is anywhere made by Say, nor are any Carolinian Rudistes known. But
as he says nothing of its being pearly, and compares it to Natica, it is probable
that it does not belong to the group now under consideration.

Laxispira would appear to be without a varix or thickened ring at the
extreme end of the adult coil; but this cannot be positively asserted, as but a
very few specimens of these remarkable shells have ever been collected. Tu-
biola A. Adams would appear to bear much the same relation to Cyclostrema
that Ilaira does to Lippistes.

The characteristics of the Liotie and their relatives are not those usually
made use of for diagnoses. Some Liotie are most brilliantly pearly (e. g.
L. fenestrata Cpr., of California); others when not perfectly fresh do not show
a trace of nacre. Yet even these (Arene cruentata Mihlf. for example), when
perfectly fresh and closely examined, show a very well marked varnish of pearl
about the aperture. I have not seen any species, when perfectly fresh, which
did not show at least a little nacre, though the majority do not show any when
dry and “ dead.”

Arthur Adams describes the operculum in some Japanese species as horny,
hispid, multispiral, and having an external limy layer composed of small grains
like beads, spirally disposed. In Arene cruentata I find the operculum solid,
thick, multispiral, with hardly a trace of horny matter except at the margin.
Externally it is concave, with a small central pit corresponding to a small

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 387

round elevation on the inner side. It is thinner here than elsewhere, and
weathered opercula have always a central perforation.

The minute variegated Liotia (Arene) miniata of the West Indies has a
similar operculum, as does A, tricarinata Stearns. L. Briareus Dall has an
operculum like that described by Arthur Adams, almost wholly horny, exter-
nally hispid, with a row of beady granules on each whorl of the operculum.
In Liotia Bairdi the operculum seems to want even the granules, and to be
wholly horny.

The sculpture is of two kinds; one, a fine shagreening which generally covers
the whole surface and is only visible under a lens; it seems to be invariable
in the same species. The other sculpture consists of spiral ridges, or of scales,
spines, knobs, etc., which are very inconstant and not characteristic even of
the species in some cases, An examination of the dentition shows. it closely
related to that of Delphinula, as might have been expected.

The umbilicus varies from barely pervious (L. Riisii Dkr., etc.) to nearly
plane in the genus, and from perforate to wide in different individuals of the
same species, much as with some of the small Gibbulas. The elevation of the
spire often differs considerably in different specimens of the same species, and
the color markings are admitted on all sides to be as variable as they are bright
and elegant.

The species of our southern coast and the Antilles appear to be as fol-
lows :—

Liotra, Section ARENE.

Liotia Briareus Dall. Liotia cruentata Miuhlf,
Liotia Bairdii Dall. LInotia variabilis Dall.
Liotia Riisit Dunker. Liotia tricarinata Stearns.

LInotia miniata Dall.

Subgenus LIpPistTEs.

Lippistes acrilla Dall. Lippistes amabilis Dall.

Subgenus LAXISPIRA.

Lazispira nitida Verrill.

“ Circulus” formosissimus Brugnone of the Mediterranean is also a Lippistes,
allied to L. acrilla,

“ Delphinula” tuberculosa Orbigny (tuberculata on the plate, which was pub-
lished first, Trochus Schrammi of Fischer according to the Beau catalogue) is
almost certainly a Fossarus. Cyclostrema Schrammi Fischer may perhaps
prove to be an extremely young Lippistes.

388 BULLETIN OF THE

Liotia (Arene) Briareus Da tt.
Plate XXIV. Figs. 5, 5a.

Turbo (Liotia?) Briareus Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 62, 1881.

Habitat. Station 60, off Havana, in 80-480 fms. Station 20, off Bahia
Honda, Cuba, in 220 fms., bottom temperature 62°.0 F. Station 166, off
Guadelupe, in 150 fms., sand, bottom temperature about 60°.0 F., one living
specimen. Station 272, off Barbados, in 76 fms., sand and shell.

The alcoholic specimen was well preserved. The operculum has been al-
ready referred to. Its outer margin is produced into a thin lamina, which
persists, and splits radially, giving a hispid appearance to the outside surface
of the operculum, which contains about twenty turns. The inner surface is
golden brown, very polished, and with a small central knob corresponding to
the deep indentation of the outer surface. The muzzle is long and rounded;
the tentacles long and slender; the eyes large and black on distinct pedicels.
The epipodial fringe shows a moderate lobe of triangular shape just behind
the eye, but not extended to the eye peduncle; and there are four well-marked
long lateral processes on each side as large as the tentacles, and two more
smaller ones peep out from under the edges of the operculum. The foot is
rather broad, squarish and simple in front, rounded behind, short. The sides
of the foot are yellowish with numerous brown specks; there are some specks
of the same kind between the tentacles. Front of the head devoid of lappets
or other appendages. With the above exceptions the exposed parts are yellow-
ish. There is a single rather narrow gill. The anus forms an elongated
papilla, I could find no jaw. The radula is small and short. The formula
is T+54+14+54 7. The rhachidian tooth is like that of Delphinula; there
are five simple-cusped broad-based laterals, the fourth and fifth larger than
the inner ones. There are numerous slender simple uncini with long scythe-
shaped cusps.

The shell of this species is subject to extraordinary variations. Beside the
normal and typical form, figured with erect long channelled spines, there is
a variety in which the umbilicus is nearly closed and the spines rather short.
These specimens are also of a darker and duller red, and perhaps a little less
elevated.

A still more remarkable variety is destitute of any spines or ridges whatever.
The general form is the same, the places of the spiny spiral ridges are marked
by the red color and the interspaces by white; yet there is nothing left of the
ridges but the color, except on the very early whorls. The surface shagreening
is retained. The shell is rose-colored. For the first I would propose the va-
rietal name of perforata, and for the second that of aspina.

This species may be distinguished from ZL. Bairdii by the sharp wavy sha-
greening of its surface and the heavy shelly coat on the operculum, in general
also by the larger umbilicus, flatter base and basal sculpture, and by the long,
erect, thin trough-like spines. The strong carina or ridge bordering the

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 389

umbilicus seems to be constant even in the variety aspina, while in L. Bairdii
the sculpture rounds pretty evenly toward the smaller and hardly sculptured
umbilical perforation.

Liotia Bairdii n s.
Plate XXXIII. Fig. 8.

Shell of much the same general form as L. Briareus, but having noduled
instead of spinose ridges and a finer and less evident surface sculpture, which
follows the incremental lines, and is not wavy, raised, and sharp, as in Briareus.
On the last whorl there are six basal, two peripheral, and three superior re-
volving ridges. The suture is channelled, and the middle one of the three
upper spirals is smaller than the two others, which gives a slight tabulation to
the spire. It has five whorls and a small smooth nucleus. Like Z. Briareus,
there is hardly any varix at the aperture of the adult, though this is slightly
reflected; the margin is machicolated by the squarish ends of the spiral ridges,
when these are strong. The umbilicus is small, the base in the adult rounds
into it, within there is a single rounded spiral ridge, but no spines or nodules.
The outer basal spiral is larger than the others, and separated from the others
by wider channels. The color is whitish, more or less maculated, or wholly
overspread by a dull livid red, much less attractive than the delicate color of
the preceding species. The size of the largest specimens is rather less than in
Briareus. Operculum horny. Max. alt., 6.0; max. diam., 6.0 mm.

L. Bairdiwi var. trullata. Shell having the nodules produced into squarish
spines, which are produced parallel to the surface of the whorl and flattened,
with fine longitudinal striation outside. These widen toward their distal ends,
and recall the appearance of trees which have grown exposed to a steady wind
in one direction. They are hardly at all concave on the under side, and are
pretty uniform over the base and all the rest of the shell, smaller on the
smaller spiral ridges.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms.; Sand Key, in 15 fms.; Sigskee, off Havana,
in 127 fms. Also at Stations 2595, 2596, and 2612 of the U.S. Fish Com-
mission, in 50-60 fms., twenty miles off the North Carolina coast, and at
Stations 2317 and 2318, living, in 45 fms., off Key West.

Liotia tricarinata Srearns.

Architectonica tricarinata Stearns, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., for 1872, p. 28, Jan.,
1872.

Habitat. West of Florida, in 15 fms. U.S. Fish Commission Stations
2598, 2608, 2610, 2615, 2617, and 2619, in 14-22 fms., gravel, off the coast of
North Carolina. Caloosahatchie Pliocene beds, near Fort Thompson, on the
Caloosahatchie River, South Florida, Dall.

Some of the fossil specimens of this very pretty little species are nearly
twice as large as any which have yet been dredged in the recent state.

390 BULLETIN OF THE

Liotia miniata n. s.

Plate XXVIII. Fig. 11.

Shell minute, white, picked out with streaks of pale brown, or dots, or radi-
ating blotches of bright rose-color, Whorls about three, surface finely sha-
vreened in a granular manner; no radiating sculpture other than incremental
lines; spiral sculpture of, on the last whorl, one generally minutely nodulous
small spiral rib at the suture, one strong spiral not nodulous near the periph-
ery, another at the periphery, and on the edge of and within the wide umbili-
cus two or three very strong evenly noduled spirals, the outer forming the bor-
der or umbilical carina, the others ascending within the umbilicus, all separated
by very deep channels. On the outer surface there are occasionally fainter
intercalary spirals. Suture distinct, hardly channelled. Aperture circular,
slightly varicose in the adult. Operculum chiefly calcareous, multispiral,
concave, with a central perforation when weathered. Max. diam., 2.5; min.
diam., 2.0; alt., 2.0 mm.

Habitat. Barbados, in 15 fms. Nassau, N. P., and Samana Bay, Santo
Domingo, dead on beach, Dall.

This pretty little shell has much the general appearance of L. tricarinata on
a much smaller scale and with a different umbilicus and details of sculpture.

Liotia variabilis n. s.
Plate XXIII. Figs. 2, 2a.

Shell trochiform, white or waxen, of about five turns, with a minute smooth
nucleus; suture distinct, channelled; radiating sculpture of sharp close ele-
vated lamellw, a good deal like those of Z. Briareus but less elevated and
irregular, more nearly conforming to the lines of growth; these are continuous
over the whole surface. Spiral sculpture consisting, on the last whorl of the
* adult, of a ridge near the suture, with a much smaller adjacent one just out-
side of it; a very stout spiral near the periphery, another at the periphery, an-
other below and slightly within the periphery which forms the basal margin.
There is a stout rib with pointed nodules at the edge of the umbilicus, a groove
outside this, then a much finer spiral with rounded nodules; between this and
the basal margin the flattened area has five or six fine simple raised spirals,
crossed by the surface lamellae. The umbilicus is small, mostly smooth, with,
in the typical form, a single spiral thread bearing sparse lamellar spines near
the umbilical carina. Aperture nearly circular, hardly reflected, produced
above with a small row of faint round tubercles on the lower edge just within
the margin. Operculum multispiral, horny, dotted with bead-like limy
granules. Max. diam., 6.0; min. diam., 5.0; alt., 4.5 mm.

Variety microforis. Shell with radiating undulations which granulate the
basal sculpture, and with the last whorl so compactly coiled as nearly or quite
to close the umbilicus.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 391

Habitat. Station 134, near Santa Cruz, in 248 fms., sand, living, bottom
temperature 54°.5 F. Station 22, off Bahia Honda, Cuba, in 220 fms., bottom
temperature 62°.0. Stations 296 and 300, Barbados, in 82-84 fms., bottom tem-
perature 60° to 61°.5. Barbados, 100 fms. Sand Key, in 80 fms. U. 8S. Fish
Commission Stations 2595 and 2610, off the coast of North Carolina, in 22-63 fms.,
gravel,

The variety: Station 36, off Cuba, in 84 fms., bottom temperature 609.0.
Off Sombrero, in 54 fms. Off Havana, Sigsbee, in 80 fms. Station 273, Bar-
bados, in 103 fms., bottom temperature 59°.5. Station 247, off Grenada, in
170 fms., gray ooze, bottom temperature 53°.5 F.

The spiral sculpture in this species may be, and generally is, either nodu-
lous, or marked with strong imbrications which sometimes become spines. In
some specimens and especially in young ones we may have the imbrications
absent and the shell marked with flexuous radii, which sculpture the interspaces,
but not, or only slightly, the carinz. In other specimens the fine spirals are
absent from the base, which is then marked with flexuous raised radii, or by
irregularly elevated, radiating, not very prominent granulations. The young
shells are proportionally less elevated, and have a larger umbilicus. No trace
of color has been observed on any of the specimens examined.

Subgenus LIPPISTES Montrorr.

Lippistes acrilla n. s.
Plate XXXII. Figs. 6, 11.

Shell thin, white, planorboid, of three and a half whorls; radiating sculpture
of about fifteen ridges, faint on the base and summit, making small nodules
where they cross the fine spirals, and prominent and strong on the periphery
between the three peripheral carine. Other radiations are only due to lines of
growth which are sometimes slightly elevated. Spiral sculpture of three
prominent and strong peripheral ridges, of which the uppermost forms the chief
periphery, the others being slightly nearer the axis; between these, nearly
square deep reticulations are formed by the radiating ridges before described.
Beside these there are three faint spirals on the upper and three on the basal
surface, nodulated at their intersections with the radii. Umbilicus ample;
inner margin of the aperture nearly circular, the outer part modified by the
sculpture. Max. diam., 4.3; min. diam., 3.0; alt., 2.0 mm.

Habitat. Garden Key, Tortugas, Florida, among small beach shells sent by
a correspondent to the U. S. National Museum.

The specimen looks as if not quite adult. It differs from L. formosissima
Brugnone, of the Mediterranean, in having three strong peripheral coste in-
stead of one, and three above and below instead of one in each situation.

392 BULLETIN OF THE

Lippistes amabilis n. s.
Plate XXXII. Figs. 9, 12.

Shell small, yellowish white, planorboid, of about four whorls, including a
minute smooth nucleus. Whorls rounded, barely touching, not constantly
contiguous but normally enrolled. Spiral sculpture of on the upper side six,
on the periphery four, and on the base six rounded threads, the peripheral ones
rather larger than the others, all with narrower interspaces; radiating sculpture
comprising, first, fine elevated lamelle covering the whole shell evenly and
giving it a slightly spongy aspect; secondly, on the last whorl, about ten ele-
vations, not perceptibly continuous over the top of the shell but prominent
over the periphery and reflected backward like incomplete varices. The outer
whorl is coiled over these so that the whorl inside only touches the outer one
by these prominences. They are not continuous over the base, but within the
ample umbilicus are two rows of small prominences corresponding in number
to those on the periphery. Aperture circular, with a complete circular varix
which is radiately crenulated. The apex is sunk below the top of the last
whorl. Max. diam., 5.0; min. diam., 3.0; alt. (or diameter of terminal varix),
2.0 mm.

Habitat. Off Havana, in 80 fms., Sigsbee.

This most lovely and very remarkable little shell is like nothing else which
has been described as far as I know, and is so distinct as to need no com-
parisons.

Famity CYCLOSTREMATID.
Genus VITRINELLA C. B. Apams.
Vitrinella Holmesii Dati.

Cochliolepis parasiticus Holmes, Post Pliocene Foss. S. Car., p. 98, pl. xiv, figs. 9, 9a, b,
1860. Not of Stimpson, 1858.

I have already called attention to this species.

Vitrinella (Episcynia?) multicarinata n.s.
Vitrinella multicarinata Stimpson, MS., in U. S. Nat. Mus.

Shell small, depressed, translucent whitish, polished, four or five whorled,
carinated. Radiating sculpture of flexuous incremental lines, faint above, more
strongly marked on the base; a sharp peripheral thread or carina (below
which the suture is applied) is microscopically serrate by the lines of growth;
above and below this are two or more carina, faint angulations of the surface,
conspicuous in the fresh shell as the epidermis is produced into a fringe upon
them, though not on the peripheral thread. Whorls moderately rounded

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 393

above and below. Umbilicus deep, scalar, not very wide, with vertical walls,
vertically striate, and sometimes with a few spiral grooves; aperture trans-
versely ovate, margins simple, sharp; epidermis thin, yellowish, conspicuous
only on the carine. Max. diam., 3.0; alt., 1.5 mm,

Habitat. Off Hatteras, in 15 fms., U. S. Fish Commission. Florida, Stimp-
son and Jewett.

This species differs from V. gemma Holmes, in being more depressed and
having more keels, It is also smaller.

Genus CYCLOSTREMA Marryat.

Several species of this group are found in the western part of the Atlantic,
though for the most part in the cooler area. Among them are C. trochoides
Jeffreys, which has received the name of C. affine from Prof. Verrill. A care-
ful comparison of types leaves no doubt as to the identity of these two forms,
for which Jeffreys’s name has precedence.

Of the identity of Cyclostrema diaphanum Verrill (1884) with C. (Trochus)
fulgidus Jeffreys (1883), as claimed by Dr. Jeffreys, I am not at all satisfied.
All these small shells are very similar, but so far as they have any characters
these two would appear to differ. On the other hand, C. Dalli Verrill (de-
scribed in 1880) is extremely close to and probably identical with C. fulgidus.
C. Dalli var, ornatum Verrill would appear to be a good species, and possibly
may be a Afdlleria, as a specimen I have from near Cape Fear shows a shelf,
as if for the thick operculum, inside the extreme margin.

A few interesting species can be added to the list, though some doubt at-
taches to the generic reference in the absence of the soft parts and operculum.

Cyclostrema turbinum n. s.

Plate XXXIII. Fig. 5.

Shell small, thin, subconic, with four rounded whorls and a minute glassy
nucleus; radiating sculpture of fine oblique incremental lines, which on the
early whorls rise into very fine threads, visible crossing the interspaces of the
spiral sculpture; spiral sculpture of (on the last whorl) about seven strong
smooth even cinguli on the top of the whorl, and fourteen or fifteen more
rather smaller from the periphery to the brink of the umbilicus; there are
also a few finer ones, especially three near the suture, and occasionally some
spiral striation faintly indicated; on the top of the whorl the interspaces are
about twice as wide as the threads, but not so wide on the base. The whorls,
periphery, and base are evenly rounded, the suture distinct, not channelled;
the umbilicus perforate, with smoothish walls; aperture half as high as the
shell, oblique, nearly circular, with sharp, simple, slightly expanded edges.
Max. diam., 3.25; alt., 2.75 mm.

Habitat. Off Havana, in 80 fms., Sigsbee.

394 BULLETIN OF THE

The brownish tint of the single specimen may be accidental; when fresh, it
is probably white.

Cyclostrema pompholyx n. s.

Plate XXVIII. Fig. 9.

Shell white, polished, thin, with three rounded, rapidly enlarging whorls.
Sculpture of fine incremental strive; suture deep but not channelled; whorls
very round, but the spire hardly rising above the last whorl; base rounded, with
a very narrow umbilicus, into which the whorl descends without any angle or
other change of curve; aperture large, circular, the upper part a little angulated
at the suture, margin simple, sharp, somewhat expanded but hardly reflected.
Max. diam. of base, 4.2; min. diam., 3.0; alt., 3.0 mm.

Habitat. Station 2, Gulf of Mexico, in 805 fms.

I am in doubt as to the generic place of this species, so simple in its charac-
ters and without the soft parts. I had thought of putting it under Choristes
or with Vitrinella, and finally, in placing it here, feel by no means satisfied
that the choice is a correct one.

Cyclostrema cistronium n. s.

Shell small, white, with a polished nucleus, one and a half rounded and as
many more carinated whorls; spire depressed; radiating sculpture of fine close
flexuous threads, which appear chiefly in the interspaces of the spirals, giving
the surface a minutely punctate appearance; these extend over the whole sur-
face except of the nuclear whorls; spiral sculpture of on the summit seven
or eight, between the carinz six or eight, and on the base ten or fifteen ex-
tremely fine threads, even and uniform, with about equal interspaces, some a
little granular from the radiating sculpture; beside these there are three very
strong carine; one forms the margin of the nearly flat spire, the second extends
horizontally just below the periphery, the space between them deeply ex-
cavated; the third forms the edge of the funicular narrow deep umbilicus.
The base is conical, excavated just within the peripheral carina; it rises to the
edge of the umbilicus, which is marked by a strong thread, and within is
vertically striated. The last whorl descends from the general plane, and finally
becomes separated from the body whorl; the margin is simple, sharply angu-
lated by the carinations, otherwise the aperture would be ovate, with the colu-
mellar side somewhat excavated. Alt., 1.6; max. diam., 2.0 mm.

Habitat. Off the coast of North Carolina, in 22~63 fms., sand and gravel,
in the warmer area.

This is a very strongly marked species, in its sculpture recalling C. Verreauat
Fischer, which is larger, less elevated, with a proportionally larger umbilicus,
and has not the deflected aperture. The latter recalls the characters of Tubiola
divisa J. Adams, which is otherwise very different.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 395

Cyclostrema granulum n. s.

Among the small shells from Samana Bay I have found a little Cyclostrema,
which, as it appears undescribed, I have called C. granulum, and which is
about 1.0 mm. in height and breadth, It is much the shape of C. turbinum,
but more elevated and compact, having ten or twelve fine strong spiral cinguli,
under which are finer radiating raised incremental lines. It is white with a
rounded base and perforate umbilicus, three whorls, a nearly circular aperture,
with slightly thickened or expanded margin, For so small a shell it seems
remarkably solid and strong. It must be one of the smallest of the genus.

Section GRANIGYRA Datu.

Shell covered with small pustules or granules, like those on Poromya or
Plectodon.

Cyclostrema (Granigyra) limatum n. s.

Shell small, white, almost exactly the shape of Trochus fulgidus Jeffreys,
but a little smaller, with three extremely rounded whorls covered with small
close-set irregular granulations of nearly uniform size like sand-grains; base
with a small perforate umbilicus, into which the whorl rounds without carina,
callus, or break of any kind. Aperture circular, margins thin, sharp, uniform,
not reflected. Max. diam., 2.5; alt., 2.5 mm.

Habitat. Station 19, off Bahia Honda, Cuba, in 310 fms.

This singular little shell is a typical Cyclostrema in its conchological features,
except for its granular surface. The latter recalls that of Poromya, but is finer
and less regular.

Super-Family DICRANOBRANCHIA.

Famity HALIOTIDZ.
Genus HALIOTIS LInne.

Haliotis Pourtalesii Datt.
Haliotis (Padollus) Pourtalesii Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 79, 1881.

Habitat. Bed of the Gulf Stream, in 200 fms., near the Florida Reefs,
Pourtalés, March 31, 1869.

No additional information has yet been received in regard to this species.
The type specimen was destroyed in the great fire at Chicago, together with
the other collections of the Academy of Sciences and of Pourtalés, which had
been intrusted to Dr. Stimpson for study. It is the only representative of
the genus on the eastern, coast of America.

396 BULLETIN OF THE

Famiry SCISSURELLID.
Genus SCISSURELLA Orpicnry.

Section SCHIZOTROCHUS Monrerosaro.

Scissurella crispata Fiemine.

This widely spread species has been found off the eastern coast of the United
States by the U. 8. Fish Commission, the Challenger, and by Dr. Rush of the
U.S. Navy.

Section SCISSURELLA sg. s.
Scissurella alta Warson.
Scissurella alta Watson, Chall. Rep. Gastr., p. 118, pl. viii. fig. 1, 1885.

Habitat. Off Barbados, in 100 fms., Blake Expedition. Off Culebra Island,
Antilles, in 390 fms., Challenger.

A single specimen of this interesting species was found in the mud filling a
larger shell from the above locality.

Famity PLEUROTOMARIID2.
Pleurotomariide Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 77, 1881.

I cannot follow Dr. Fischer in placing the Scissurellide in this family. The
differences of the radula alone seem sufficient to separate them, and the absence
of cirri on the epipodium, as well as the peculiar lappets of Scissurella, confirm
the division, from my point of view.

Genus PLEUROTOMARIA Sowerey.

Pleurotomaria J. Sowerby, Min. Conch., III. p. 189, pl. cclxxviii., Dec., 1821.
Pleurotomaire (in) Defrance, Tabl. des corps Foss., p. 114, 1824. (No description.)
Pleurotomaria “ Defrance,” J. de C. Sowerby, Min. Conch., VII. p. 69, pl. 640,

Nov., 1844.
Pleurotomaria Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., LX. p. 78, 1881. H. Woodward, Geol. Mag., II.,

1885, p. 433.

Dr. H. Woodward in his excellent paper on this genus has overlooked the
application of the name Pleurotomaria, and the statement of its essential char-
acter, by James Sowerby, in 1821. The facts are: 1. James Sowerby uses and
defines the name in 1821, though he does not definitely adopt it; he refers it
to no other author. 2. Defrance never published the name Pleuwrotomaria; he
used a French form of it in his table of fossils, without a definition, and with-

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 397
\

out claiming it as his own, or differentiating it from other older genera quoted
by him, three years after its use by James Sowerby. 3. Other authors have
referred to Defrance as the author of the name, but without stating any grounds
for it, and without noticing Sowerby’s original use of it. Hence it is evident
that there is no published proof that the name is due to any one but Sowerby.
What tradition may assert, or heedless quotation have established, is another
matter, with which I do not feel that I have authority to deal.

Section PEROTROCHUS Fiscuer.

Pleurotomaria (Perotrochus) Quoyana Fiscuer & Brernarpi.
Plate XXIX. Fig. 1. Plate XXXI. Figs.1,1b,1¢. Plate XXXVII. Fig. 5.

Pleurotomaria Quoyana Fischer & Bernardi, Journ. de Conchyl., V. p. 165, pl. v.
figs. 1-3, 1856. Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 78, 1881. Crosse, Journ. de
Conchyl., XXII. p. 14, 1882. Dall, in Agassiz, Three Cruises of the Blake,
II. p. 69, fig. 289, Jan., 1888.

Habitat. Station 290, off Barbados, in 73 fms., coral sand, bottom temper-
ature 70°.75. Station 296, off Barbados, in 84 fms., hard bottom, temperature
61°.5 F. Island of Marie-Galante, near Guadelupe, Fischer. Station 2354,
off the coast of Yucatan, near Arrowsmith Bank (dead), in 130 fms., coral bot-
tom, U. S. Fish Commission.

The first mentioned specimen was a little defective about the aperture,
though living. It isin the U.S. National Museum. The second, also living,
is perfect, and is now in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at Cambridge.
The Fish Commission specimen, also in the National Museum, is broken some-
what at the aperture, but otherwise in good order. All these shells were of
nearly uniform size. The measurements of the two Washington specimens
are as follows. Max. diam. at base, 50.0 and 48.0; min. diam., 47.0 and 43.0;
max. alt. of shell, 42.0 and 40.0; width of notch in both, 2.5mm. Number
of whorls, 10 and 94. Height of the aperture, 15.0 and 13.5 mm.

The early two or three whorls are filled solidly with translucent yellowish
or reddish shelly matter, and the nucleus, as far as can be observed, shows no
trace of a notch. This form belongs to the section Perotrochus Fischer (1885),
but I do not think the value of most of these sections is very great. They are
merely convenient means of arranging large numbers of species which do not
greatly differ from one another. The characters of the radula may, however,
validate the present subdivision.

The animal in alcohol is of a yellowish waxen color, varied on the back of
the tentacles, and on the upper part of the head behind the tentacles, with fine
black transverse lines, corresponding to the wrinkles between the cuticular
ruge. This led to the suspicion that they were due to foreign matter, but
both specimens presented essentially the same appearance. The whole surface
of the body was more or less rugose. The parts above alluded to are finely

398 BULLETIN OF THE

transversely wrinkled. The rest of the body (excepting the base of the foot)
is finely granulose, or furnished with minute close-set, rounded, short, project-
ing points or papille.

The head is moderately long and rounded much as in most Trochide ; the
muzzle rounded, its distal end forming a well-defined moderately papillose
rounded-ovate disk; the mouth is about in the centre, with a deep sulcus ex-
tending in the median line below and breaking the continuity of the margin.
The tentacles are long, slender, subcylindrical, rather bluntly pointed, and
wrinkled in a longitudinal direction, probably from contraction induced by
the alcohol. The eyes are small, round, and black; the cutis above them has
a small central perforation, so that the office of a lens must be performed by
the water having access to the cup-shaped cavity within, There is no lens
present.

The npper surface of the foot is widely expanded at the sides, from a point a
little behind the front edge of the foot to the posterior extremity. This expan-
sion, though differing from the homologous organ in the Trochide in its form
and arrangement, is identical with the epipodium in that family. It is broad,
thin, and entire, and fringed, as is the free edge of the mantle, with a single
row of small short slender papilla. This extends back to the extreme termina-
tion of the foot, the two epipodial expansions not uniting behind. There are
no cirri, tentacular filaments, lappets, or other projections to the epipodial mar-
gin, as in Scrssurellide or Trochide. The upper surface of the epipodium is
continuous with the upper surface of the foot, and is depressed and more finely
granular than the outer part. About the centre of the upper surface of the
body behind the shell is the operculigerous lobe, which is of a circular form
and about 7.0 mm. in diameter. The depression between the epipodia extends
to the posterior termination of the foot. In life the epipodia are thin and ex-
tended, like a supplementary mantle, and are kept closely applied to the shell
as if supporting it; in this respect differing from the same organs in the T’o-
chide, where they extend, like organs of touch, freely into the water on each side
of the body, and only incidentally touch the shell.

The anterior margin of the foot is rounded, and perhaps double, but the
duplication is evidently not deep, and is hardly visible in the contracted speci-
mens before me. This organ is very muscular in this group. The posterior
end is not very acutely pointed.

The operculum is nearly circular, small for the size of the shell, its greatest
diameter being only 7.5 mm., and its smallest diameter 7.0 mm. Within
this range it has ten narrow whorls, smooth or lightly striated with incre-
mental lines on both sides, of a brown color, thicker toward the margin and
having its central point impressed slightly from the exterior.

The length of the (contracted) foot is about 33 mm., the width between
the tentacles is about 7 mm., and the tentacles are about 10 mm. long. The
mantle is thin, its edge resembles that of the epipodia, but, as preserved, the
individual papille of the fringe seem a little larger and stouter. In life they
extend along the margin of the notch, and are visible from the outside. Be-

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 899

hind the head and foot, in the two specimens dissected, the soft parts were
totally decayed and lost, having probably been left too long out of alcohol in the
tropical temperature after the draughtsman had made his drawings. Nothing
remained of the gills, and only the anterior lobes of the mantle, the appearance
of which in life is preserved by the drawings made from the living animal.

The cavity of the mouth is large, and the muscles which move the buccal
mass are prominent and strong. There are no functional mandibles; the
jaws, if such they may be called, are disproportionately small and weak. They
consist of two quadrate smooth horny pieces about 1.5 mm. square, meeting
above in the median line at the anterior upper portion of the oral cavity.
They are attached over their whole extent, flatly to the roof of the mouth,
have no cutting edge, in fact are too soft and weak to cut anything, and evi-
dently only serve the purpose of defending the surface to which they are fixed
from the attrition of the teeth of the radula below them.

The radula is long and its central part is of a very dark red brown. There is
a narrow pointed rhachidian tooth, with a slightly curved simple tip. The
other teeth are arranged in three series. The laterals proper are twenty-six in
number, and the line forms a very acute angle on each side of the rhachidian
tooth, which would occupy a position a little within the apex of this angle.
The largest laterals are those near the rhachidian tooth; they have simple broad
cusps and narrower bases; a faint midrib was visible on some of them near the
base. They grow gradually smaller and shorter from the centre outward,
though preserving a general similarity of form; the outer five are without cusps,
and are little more than pointed lamelle. Outside of the laterals are two
series of uncini; the inner series or major uncini are large, strongly curved,
with scythe-shaped cusps, having from one to three denticles nearly as large as
the principal cusp. Those nearer the rhachis have more and the outer ones
have fewer denticles, the outer ones are also a little shorter and more slender.
As nearly as I could determine there were eighteen (possibly twenty) of these
uncini, their tips forming an arch raised above the median teeth and also above
the minor uncini. ‘The successive rows in a general view of the radula look
like successive waves running in at an angle less oblique to the median line
than the teeth on the rhachis, The minor laterals form a very numerous se-
ries of decidedly smaller and more transparent teeth, which series, though really
inclined toward the median line at a very acute angle, appears parallel with it.
The uncini so overlap and confuse with one another as to make it impossible to
state with confidence the exact number in a single transverse series; I believe
it to be more than forty, and probably less than fifty. They are slender,
spatuliform, nearly straight transparent lamella, whose weakness contrasts
strongly with the stout arched dentate broad-cusped major laterals.

The major and minor laterals respectively are set in series on a compact
solid base, common to all of the teeth in that series belonging to one transverse
set, and not very clearly separated from the basis of adjoining sets. This adds
to the difficulty of obtaining the exact number in any one transverse set, where
the teeth are so numerous and so compactly planted. I did not observe on any

400 BULLETIN OF THE

of the uncini such tufts or brushes as are described in connection with the
radula of P. Adansoniana.

The tooth formula would be written, R (21 +5) + (2% +45?) the
middle tooth (R) and the right half of the radula being included in the

formula,

Section ENTEMNOTROCHUS Fiscuer.

Pleurotomaria (Hntemnotrochus) Adansoniana Crosse & FIscuEr.

Plate XXX. Plate XXXI. Figs. 3,4,5,6. Plate XXXII. Fig. 10.
Plate XXXVII. Fig. 4.

Pleurotomaria Adansoniana Crosse & Fischer, Journ. de Conchyl., IX. p. 163, pl. v.
figs. 1, 2, 1861. Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 78, 1881. Crosse, Journ. de
Conchyl., XXII. p. 12, pl. i. figs. 1, 2, 1882. Dall, in Agassiz, Three Cruises
of the Blake, II. p. 69, fig. 288, 1888.

Habitat. Station 278, in 69 fms., coral bottom, temperature 68°.0, dead;
Station 276, in 94 fms., temperature 61°.0; Station 291, in 200 fms., stones,
temperature 49°.75 F.; all near Barbados. Guadelupe, in 150 fms., Fischer.

The specimen from Station 291 is now (with the broken one from Station
278) in the Museum at Cambridge. It will be referred to as “specimen a.”
The other, now in the U. S. National Museum, will be called “specimen 6.”
Their respective measurements are as follows. Max. diam. of base, 130.0 and
88.0; min. diam., 111.0 and 79.0; max. alt. of shell, 1380.0 and 70.0; max.
lat. of aperture, 60.0 and 41.5; max. alt. of aperture, 38.0 and 26.0; lon. of
slit, 200.0 and 142.0 mm., in both cases a little more than half the length of
the last whorl, which in specimen 6 measured, in all, 237.0 mm. Its operculum
measured 35.0 mm. in greatest diameter.

The width of the slit is from 2.5 to 3.5 mm. in specimen a, which has eleven
whorls, It is from 2.5 to 2.75 mm. in specimen b, which has ten whorls. The
specimen from Station 278 was of a much more brilliant yellow than the two
others, and the painting was somewhat different in each specimen from either
of the others. The nucleus was uniformly filled with solid matter.

The soft parts in this species were a little better preserved than in P. Quoy-
ana, since, in specimen b, the mantle to the anal commissure was intact, and
the branchia upon it, as well as the anal termination of the intestine and the
glands below it. The crop or stomach, and everything behind it, however, no
longer remained. In specimen a only the body and head remained.

The external parts in life, as represented by the draughtsman, were reddish,
finely tuberculated or punctate with yellow, thus reproducing the colors of the
shell. In the preserved specimen the soft parts showed no markings, and
appeared of a livid waxen hue, common to specimens preserved in spirits.

In a general way, the superficial characters resemble those of P. Quoyana,
but there are some differences.

May 12, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 401

The surface of the body is less rugose than in P. Quoyana, though it is very
finely granular all over, with (in the contracted specimen) a velvety appear-
ance. The head bears about the same proportion to the rest of the body, but
the muzzle in front of a line joining the tentacles would be shorter, and the
tentacles shorter, stouter, and more pointed. The eyes are very small, black,
and similar to those of P. Quoyana.

The epipodia are similar in arrangement, but proportionately smaller than
in that species, and while minutely papillose do not seem to have a special
single fringe-like row of papille at the margin. The right epipodium ex-
tends forward as far as the front end of the foot, the left only to the anterior
edge of the operculigerous disk. The difference is not nearly so great in
P. Quoyana, where the left epipodium extends one half the remaining distance
farther forward.

The most marked external difference between the two animals, as observable

from the alcoholic specimens, consists in the character of the dorsal area be-
tween the two epipodia, The operculigerous lobe is very much larger in pro-
portion (about 33.0 mm. in diameter), while behind it in the median line is a
large, deep, ill-defined groove, extending to the posterior end of the foot.
This is crossed by irregular strong transverse rugs, which are often tuberculate
or warty along what would be the margins of this groove. In P. Quoyana
this dorsal depressed area is nearly smooth, while the part behind the opercular
lobe, though more papillose than the rest, shows no such median groove or
transverse rugee.
. The foot is shaped as in P. Quoyana ; the anterior margin appears narrowly
duplicate, but this, owing to contraction, may be an erroneous deduction. In
this specimen the sides stand about an inch in height (25.0 mm.); the sole of
the foot is about an inch wide, and three inches long.

The lobes of the mantle correspond to the form of the shell, and are smooth
except at the margin, where they are densely papillose, the pupille being
small but irregular in size and not arranged in rows, or if regular then in
more than one row. This margin extends all round the mantle edge, and on
both sides of the notch to its posterior commissure, toward which the papille
become smaller and sparser. At the end of the commissure a few of the
papillz appeared to me at my first examination to be separated from those on
either side by a gap, but a second scrutiny leads me to believe that this is
accidental.

Within the mantle cavity, and on the inner surface of the mantle, rather
close to the junction of the latter with the dorsum, are the gills. These con-
sist of two series of flattened leaflets on either side of a smooth cutaneous
ridge containing the branchial vessels, which extends from a point close to
the anterior edge of the mantle, parallel with the slit in the shell, backward
as far as the slit extends. A section is given in the diagram on page 434.
The anterior end of this ridge is for a short distance free from the mantle
surface, and terminates in a sharp point, near and up to which the branchial
leaflets diminish in size, the outer series extending a little farther than the

VOL, XVIII. 26

402 BULLETIN OF THE

inner one. At the base of this free angle is a small swelling of the cutis, and
just inside of it toward the median line is a small elevated hemispherical
organ which appears to be an osphradium, or of a sensory nature. In the speci-
men ()) as preserved there are four branchial leaves in the length of a milli-
meter; the double series is about 45.0 mm. long (in specimen a, 81.5 mm.), so
that each gill (in specimen 5) contains about 360 single leaflets, which indi-
vidually average about 3.5 mm. long, and 1.2 mm. wide at the base. The
free part of the gill extends about eight millimeters,

The cavity of the mouth is large, and, as far as could be judged in the rotten
state of the parts, a large thin-walled crop had position immediately behind it.
The termination of the intestine was preserved; it forms a sigmoid,curve on
the surface of the mantle behind the anal commissure, where it is (specimen 6)
somewhat over 2.0 mm. in diameter, and gradually tapers to a stoutish point.
The last seven or eight millimeters of its length are free, and when living it
can doubtless be protruded outside the shell through the slit, for the discharge
of faeces.

Immediately underneath this part of the intestine and spreading on each
side, lobed in a shape roughly trifoliate, is a large gland or pair of glands meet-
ing in the median line, and having a radiately rugose and irregular surface, in
which the depressions look not unlike little oblong pits. Within and close to
the mantle edge, one on each side of the commissure, is an oblong elevation
containing an oblique opening, apparently the openings to these glands, which
I suppose to have a renal function.

The operculum is very much larger absolutely and proportionally than in
P. Quoyana. It measures (from the larger specimen) 54.0 mm. in maximum
and 47.0 mm. in minimum diameter, is almost flat, and has about ten whorls,
of which the central ones are rather indistinct. The outer surface is minutely
sharply spirally striated, and a central spot the size of a pin-head is indistinctly
indented. The inner side is polished, and shows a somewhat egg-shaped scar
of attachment. It is of an amber-brown color. The extreme margin is thin
and a little frayed.

The jaws (specimen 6) are situated in the same place, and are of about the
same form as in P. Quoyana, in fact are hardly larger than in that species,
although the P. Adansoniana is so much larger than the former. They are,
however, a little thicker and of a dark red-amber color.

The radula is about 40.0 mm. long by 7.0 mm. wide in its natural condition
(specimen b). As the characteristic teeth are figured, it is not necessary to
attempt a minute description in detail of each one.

The rhachidian or central tooth is pointed before and behind, or lozenge-
shaped, with a median rib, and the point or eusp hardly curved over at all.
It has sorifewhat the shape of a spear-head without barbs. The inner laterals
have somewhat the shape of a scapula, being oval, marginate, with a median
ridge from which a sort of recurved wing projects, near the base. There are
fifteen laterals on each side of the median line, gradually becoming more simple
in form as one follows the line outward; then, of the uncini, the first five are

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 403

denticulated at the end and tufted, the next four are denticulated but without
tufts, the rest, about forty-five in number, are more simple, and become still
more simple and smaller toward the margin of the radula. The tooth formula
would be written, R + (15) + (5 +4 + 45), without trying to exemplify the
minor uncinal armature,

Morch (Malak. Blitt., XXII. p. 184, 1875) has described a supposed species
of Murchisonia, —M. (Murchisonella) spectrum, — from St. Thomas, collected
by Riise, measuring 2.0 by 0.75 mm., and having ten whorls.

From the small size of this shell I suspect it to belong to the Turritellide, —
many of which have notches or waves, recalling those of Seguenzia, in the
margin of the aperture, — or at least to some group unconnected with the typi-
cal Murchisonia.

Famitry FISSURELLIDZE.
Genus PUNCTURELLA Lowe.
Subgenus PUNCTURELLA s. s.

Puncturella circularis Datt.
Plate XXVI. Figs. 7, 7b.

Puncturella circularis Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 75, 1881.

Habitat. Station 44, in 539 fms.

No more specimens have turned up, and a comparison of this and the follow-
ing species with others contained in the Jeffreys collection confirms to that
extent their distinctness.

Puncturella trifolium Datt.
Plate XXVI. Figs. 8, Sb.

Puncturella trifolium Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 76, 1881.
Habitat. Yucatan Strait, in 640 fms.

Puncturella Watsoni n.s.

Shell small, greenish white, exactly resembling in sculpture Cranopsis
granulata Seguenza (Chall. Gastr., p. 46, pl. iv. fig. 5), but differing from that
species in having the slit of Puncturella instead of Cranopsis, and in having a
rather higher and narrower and more conical form, The anterior and posterior
slopes are not arched to the same extent as in the C. granulata, and the shell
is proportionately shorter. The nucleus is small and prominent, and the
shell as a whole includes two whorls, Max. alt., 3.0; max. diam., 2.5; max.
lon., 3.8 mm.

404 BULLETIN OF THE

Habitat. Near Barbados, in 100 fms. Station 20, in 220 fms., off Bahia
Honda, Cuba. Off Yucatan, in 200 fms., U. 8. Fish Commission.

A species of this genus from Patagonia, in deep water, shows a small but
well marked verge in the usual position. One specimen has the eyes black and
prominent. In another of the same lot the organs are wholly destitute of
pigment.

Subgenus FISSURISEPTA Srauenza.

Fissurisepta triangulata Dat.

Puncturella (Fissurisepta) rostrata Watson, Chall. Rep. Gastr., p. 48, pl. iv. fig. 10, 1885.
Not of Seguenza.

Having received a few specimens of the form figured and described by Mr.
Watson, I have compared them with typical examples both recent and fossil of
the original rostrata of Seguenza. There is no doubt that they possess certain
features in common, but the form of the Antillean shell is much more triangu-
lar, less elevated, longer and more erect, beside the less obvious differences
noted by Watson in his description, in regard to minor features of sculpture.
I have therefore thought it best to give anew name to the Antillean shell.
My specimens come from the coast of Yucatan, dredged in about 200 fms., by
the U. S. Fish Commission.

Subgenus CRANOPSIS A. ADams.

Cranopsis asturiana FIscuer.

Rimula asturiana Fischer, Journ. de Conchyl., XXX. p. 51, 1882. Watson, Chall.
Report, Gastr., p. 45, pl. iv. fig. 4, 1885.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, in 640 fms. Station 100, off Havana, in 250-400
fms. (living). Station 208, in 213 fms., hard bottom, off Martinique, bottom
temperature 50°.5 F. Gulf of Gascony, in 2018 meters, Travailleur Ex-
pedition. Off Cape Florida, in 85 fms., U. 8. Fish Commission.

Rimula capuliformis or messanensis of Seguenza, from the Tertiary of Reggio,
Calabria, is a variety with slightly coarser and more irregular radiating ribs.

The Antillean specimens in general show less reticulation than those from
Europe, the tendency being for the radiating ribs to be nodulous and finely
shagreened, while the concentric sculpture is obsolete between them. They
are also, as a rule, less elevated, and the posterior slope is more concave. But
these differences are of degree, and merge into uniformity with a large series.

The two anterior lobes of the mantle do not unite, although the lobes of the
shell do as it approaches maturity. The muzzle is short, round, and plain at
the end. The tentacles are short and stout. The eyes are small and black.
The epipodial line is marked by seven cirri, of which the pair next to the
posterior pair are notably larger than the others. The gills are broad and

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 405

symmetrical, A male intromittent organ is attached behind the base of the right
tentacle, as in Cocculinidew, Addisoniide, and Neritide. It is small, slender,
and subeylindrical. I have not seen the soft parts of a female specimen,

Cranopsis ? erecta Datu.

Shell strong, erect, with regularly ovate base, a smooth prominent nucleus,
and about one and a half cancellated whorls. Radiating sculpture of about
eighteen strong riblets, each pair enclosing another somewhat less strong, and
on each side of the latter a faint raised line, almost buried under the concen-
tric sculpture. The primary and secondary radii rise above the general level
of the concentric sculpture, the tertiary radii below it. The radii are strong
rounded elevated threads. The concentric sculpture is of high close-set cord-
like ridges, which are closely applied to and pass over the radii, leaving relatively
deep pits in the space enclosed by the reticulations. The terminations of the
ribs ornament the outer margin of the base, which is radiately grooved fora
short distance under them. The interior is radiately striate with a fine groove,
extending from the front end of the fissure to the margin. Externally the
posterior slope starts from under a small beak, is straight and steep. From
the beak the dorsal outline is at first nearly horizontally forward, then with a
bold round curve falls more steeply than the hinder slope. The fissure is
narrow, long, and sharp at bothends. A fasciole extends back from it toward
the beak, and a soldered fissure forward to the margin. Inside, the fissure is
surmounted by a short and flaring septum without buttresses, which extends
about one fourth the distance from the internal apex toward the front margin.
Externally the shell is grayish, and within subtranslucent white. Max. lon.
of base, 10.0; max. lat. of base, 7.5; alt. of shell, 7.0 mm.

Habitat. Off the coast of North Carolina, at Station 2601, in 107 fms.,
gravel, bottom temperature 67°.4 F.

The fissure in this species is exactly intermediate between Cranopsis and
Puncturella proper, so far as position is concerned. It is a little farther for-
ward than in the typical Puncturella, and not quite as far as in Cranopsis. It
is manifestly most nearly related to the latter by the groove extending forward
from the fissure, aud the sculpture is not unlike that of some specimens of
Cranopsis asturiana. From this it differs by its profile, and the position and
form of the fissure and septum. The bluff outline of the summit is far re-
moved from the conical form of P. noachina and from the low and graceful
arch of P. asturiana.,

Genus EMARGINULA Lamarck.
- Subgenus RIMULA Derrance.

If the step from Cranopsis to Puncturella, or the reverse, is not very long, on
the other hand the distinction between Cranopsis and Rimula proper is not

406 BULLETIN OF THE

great. If the septum filling the original fissure curves in harmony with the
shell, we have typical Rimula according to Mr. Watson’s arrangement. If, on
the other hand, this septum be convex with relation to the internal face of the
shell, it is Cranopsis.

Rimula frenulata n. s.
Plate XXVIII. Fig. 4.

Shell ovate, resembling in general shape and color a single valve of Limatula
ovuta Wood; apex small, laterally compressed, sharp; nucleus very minute.
Sculpture of fine distinct radiating threads, with an intercalary finer thread
between nearly every pair. Concentric sculpture of about equally strong
threads, which reticulate, but do not pass over or nodulate the radiations ; they
are not strictly concentric, being somewhat flexuous or broken at the sides, and
sometimes bifurcated. Anal fasciole shallow, continuous from the fissure to
the apex, narrow and marked with semilunar incremental ridges; fissure small,
shaped like the top of an exclamation point (1). Interior glossy, the fasciole
marked by two faint ridges extending to the apex; margin of the shell crenu-
lated by the sculpture, apex reaching almost or quite as far back as the poste-
rior margin, but a little raised above it, fissure a little variable in position, but
mostly in the anterior third of the shell; dorsal surface gently convexly curved.
Max. lon., 6.25; max. lat., 3.75; alt., 2.3 mm.

Habitat. West Florida and the Keys, U.S. Fish Commission.

This lovely little shell is remarkably distinct from any of the described
species known to me.

Subgenus EMARGINULA s. s.

. Emarginula cancellata Puitipr1.
Emarginula cancellata Phil., En. Moll. Sicil., I. p. 114, t. v. fig. 15, 1840.

Habitat. Mediterranean, Madeira, Channel Islands, in 8-250 fms., Jeffreys.
Station 21, off Cuba, in 287 fms. Off Havana, Sigsbee, in 127 fms., and near
Barbados in 100 fms., all dead specimens.

These shells are a little more elegant in their sculpture than the European
specimens, as the American Cranopsis asturiana are more elegant than those
from the Gulf of Gascony, but I feel confident that they may fairly be referred
to the same species.

Emarginula compressa CANTRAINE.

Emarginula sp. indet., Bull. M. C. Z., 1X. p. 77, 1881.
E. compressa Cantraine, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles, 1X. 2, 1835. Jeffreys, P. Z. S.
1882, p. 679, 1883.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, in 640 fms.; off Havana, in 292 fms.; Station
19, in 310 fms.; Station 21, in 287 fms.; Stations 282 and 296, near Barha-

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 407

dos, in 84-154 fms. Coast of Portugal, in 286-322 fms., Porcupine Expedition.
Sicilian Tertiaries, Seguenza, etc. ;

All the specimens obtained were dead. I have compared them with the
Sicilian fossils, and can confirm Dr. Jeffreys’s identification of the two forms
as indistinguishable. The whole shell is faintly spirally twisted, and the
notch is not in the centre of the front edge.

I would observe that the number of nominal species of Hmarginula in
Reeve’s monograph is probably far too great, as no account seems to have been
taken of the variations due to age and station. As with other limpets, these
are very important.

Subgenus SUBEMARGINULA BLaInNvVILLE.

Subemarginula octoradiata GmeLin.
Emarginula Rollandi Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 77, 1881 (not of Fischer).

Habitat. Sigsbee, off Havana, in 450 fms. Station 21, 287 fms.
The dead and imperfect specimens above referred to, on further study, ap-
near to be young specimens of LZ. (Subemarginula) octoradiata Gmelin.

Genus FISSURELLA BrucGulkre.
Section CREMIDES H. & A. Apams.

Fissurella alternata Say.

Fissurella alternata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II. p. 224, 1822. Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Fissurella, pl. xii. fig. 84, 1850.

Fissurella fumata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Fissurella, pl. ix. fig. 68, 1850.

Fissurella Dyson: Reeve, Conch. Icon. Fissurella, pl. xii. fig. 86, 1850.

Fissurella larva Reeve, Conch. Icon. Fissurella, pl. xiii. fig. 98, 1850.

A. number of specimens of this species were collected at various stations, one
in 805 fms., but of course these were not native to that or other great depths.
Fresh specimens, however, were dredged by Sigsbee, off Havana, in 80 fms.,
and one still containing the soft parts at Station 276, near Barbados, in 94 fms.
The United States Fish Commission has also dredged this species off our south-
ern coasts, living in depths from 20 to 100 fms. The deep-water specimens
(var. Sayv) are generally smaller, of an olivaceous cast, and with the color
rays very faint or entirely absent.

408 BULLETIN OF THE

Subgenus GLYPHIS Carpenter.

Glyphis fluviana n.s.

Plate XIV. Figs. 6, 6a.

Shell low, conical, reticulated, white or translucent, variegated with gray
or olive green lines or dots mostly radiately disposed; form variable with
station, but usually in the young and in more normal adults both slopes of
the cone are a little concave near the apex. The anterior slope slightly con-
vex; the posterior slope straight or a little concave, and usually a little longer
than the other, though these characters vary with station. Base is rounded
oval, symmetrical and equal at both ends, with a thin simple margin. Sculp-
ture of slightly irregular sudden enlargements of the shell, giving the effect
of very narrow steps, over which some twenty moderately strong and as many
more faint flattened radii seem to flow. In other specimens these step-like
edges are produced into low lamine, and the ribs are also stronger and at the
intersections nodulous, or even a little scaly. Apex erect, truncate by the
pore, which is circular, simple, and within margined by a narrow horseshoe-
shaped callus. Exterior dull or unpolished, interior shining, with the color
rays and ribs visible through the thin shell. Two specimens measure, alt. 4.0
and 6.0, lon, 10.6 and 9.5, lat. 6.6 and 6.5 mm., respectively.

Habitat. Station 21, in 287 fms. Station 2, in 805 fms, Off Havana, in
80 fms., Sigsbee. Station 247, near Grenada (living), in 170 fms., ooze, bottom
temperature 53°.5. Station 272, off Barbados (living), in 76 fms., shelly
bottom, temperature 65°.0 F.

The gills, anus, mantle margin, foot, muzzle, and tentacles are as usual in
Fissurella. There is a row of about thirty minute epipodial cirri, continuous
behind, and advancing as far forward as the adductors. ‘The eyes are very
large and black, the right tentacle at its base behind the eye, in the male,
bears a well marked intromittent organ. This taken in connection with the
discovery of a similar organ in Cocculina, in Addisonia, and in Cranopsis astu-
riana, would indicate that a majority of the deep-sea rhiphidoglossate limpets
possess this organ, that it was originally present in most, if not all, of the Rhiphi-
doglossa having a shell of this general form, that the organ has become obso-
lete in the shallow-water forms except the Neritedw, but that the deep-water
forms, less modified by reason of their protective environment, have retained
it. It also confirms my original reference of Addisonia and its allies to the
Rhiphidoglossa, while the absence of such an organ in any of the Docoglossate
limpets, so far as known, is significant. It is dangerous to assume too much
in such cases, but I cannot help doubting if such an organ was ever developed
in the Docoglossate line.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 409

Genus FISSURELLIDEA Onrpienry.

Fissurellidea limatula Reeve.

Fissurella limatula Reeve, Conch. Icon. Fissurella, pl. xv. fig. 115, 1850. Sowerby,
Thes. Conch., pl. viii. fig. 204.

Habitat. Off Havana (dead), in 80 fms., Sigsbee. Coast of North Carolina,
in 15-20 fms., U. 8S. Fish Commission.

This shell appears to be the species figured by Reeve without habitat. It
is very variable in color, being often brown, reddish, or slaty and black. It
was found living on marine grass at low water near Key West, by Hemphill.
It recalls F. callomarginata Cpr. of the Californian coast, but is broader and
more evenly shaped, and brighter colored. The more prominent ribs are often
provided with fine vaulted scales.

The following additional species of this family were dredged dead from deep
water, where they had been disgorged by fishes, or drifted by currents, etc.,
as they are distinctly littoral forms.

GLYPHIS BARBADENSIS Gmelin.
FISSURELLIDEA FASCIATA Pfr,
FISSURELLIDEA (fragment) sp. indet.
FISsSURELLA MINUTA Lamarck.
FISSURELLA CAYENNENSIS Lamarck.

Suborder DOCOGLOSSA.

The Docoglossate limpets of the littoral zone of the Antilles, most of which
are also common to South Florida and the Central American and Mexican
coast in suitable localities, all belong to the genus Acmea as far as known.
I have never seen a single representative of the Patellide from this region.
Perhaps future researches will reveal some.

The positively determined shallow-water species are as follows, but they
have many synonyms: —

Acmea melanoleuca Gmelin (P. albicosta C. B, Ad. + P. leucopleura Lam. pars).

Acmea punctulata Gmelin (P. puncturata Lam. + P. pustula Helb. non Lin.
+ P. surinamensis Auct. non Gmelin, + P. cubaniana Orb., ete.).

Acmea punctulata var. pulcherruoma Guilding.

Acmea Candeana Orbigny (P. notata Gmelin, Chemnitz, Dillwyn, Lamarck,
etc., not of Linné).

Acmeea onychina Gould (Rio, also Barbados).

Acmea melanosticta Gmelin (Antilles).

The last mentioned has been sent to me from several sources as Patella
antillarum Sowerby, but Philippi’s figure of antillarum is more like a variety
of melanoleuca than anything else. I do not know on what authority the
name melanosticta rests. Gmelin’s description certainly would not be suffi-

410 BULLETIN OF THE

cient. Acmea elegans Philippi (La Guayra) is a synonym of A. Candeana,
as I believe from the literature P, confusa of Guilding is intended to be.

The melanosticta above referred to, whatever be its proper name, is appar-
ently an excellent species, and quite distinct from A. Candeana. Orbigny
says that A. melanoleuca is a true Patella, but this does not agree with the
only specimen I have seen, and the other species he describes as Patella are
certainly Acmeeas.

The comparatively small number of littoral species, compared with the mul-
titude of forms on the Pacific coast, affords a notable discrepancy between the
faune of the two regions.

The deep-water Docoglossa are few in number and peculiar. An account of
most of them was published by me in the Proceedings of the U. S. National
Museum for 1881, page 407, The progress of science during the last six years
has enabled me to clear up several disputed points. The result is, that the
genus Scutellina, long supposed to belong in this group, is (as will be seen
elsewhere in this paper) definitely relegated to another suborder, while Propi-
lidium has been proved to belong to the Docoglossa, a relation which had been
strongly questioned. The character and number of the gills in Propilidium
still remain in doubt. I suspect it has a single gill, like Acmea, and that an
elongated anal papilla has been taken for another or second gill.

In this connection, it may be observed that on several occasions in the last
year or two the question of the position of the osphradia in Acmea has been
raised, and the importance of this item in classification has been highly rated by
certain naturalists. Now I doubt extremely the value of the transcendental
theories based on the osphradia and their position, with which we have been
regaled at times. Nevertheless, for the comfort of those who do believe in
them, and as one more fact to be added to the general stock, I will describe the
position and character of the osphradia in Aemea. These organs in the large
limpets of the western coast of America are generally orange-colored, usually
quite small, elongate oval, and little raised. They are often abortive or nearly
so. When well developed, in most species (e. g. Acmea patina and A. spectrum)
they are smooth and polished, very little elevated, and have a glandular aspect
and unbroken contour. In others (as Ancistromesus mexicanus) the surface
is cellular or transversely corrugated like an abortive miniature gill, and even
appears as if it were porous. They lose color and contract strongly in alcohol,
and, unless one knows exactly where to look, he will not find them in an old-
fashioned badly contracted alcoholic specimen. They are situated one on each
side of the back of the neck as it were, or, more precisely, on the transverse
portion of the integument above the head, and in front of the main pericardial
chamber, in the angle formed by the neck and the inferior surface of the
mantle over the head. They are not especially related to the Acmean gill
either in position or development. I may add, that I described them and their
position about thirteen years ago;* but, as the state of science then was, in

* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1876, pp. 289, 240.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 411

Patella they had been by distinguished naturalists referred to the generative
apparatus. While showing this relation to be improbable, the spongy nature
of the organ in some species led me to the suggestion that they might be of the
nature of aquiferous pores. It was not until attention was called to them
by the investigations of Spengel that their true nature was recognized.

Super-Family PROTEOBRANCHIA.
Famity ACMAEIDZE.

Genus PECTINODONTA Da tt.
Pectinodonta Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, p. 409, 1882.

Shell resembling Scutellina, but with a blunt subcentral apex. Soft parts
resembling Acmea except in the following details. Animal blind, with the
front part of the head between the tentacles and above the muzzle much pro-
duced upward and forward, extending considerably farther forward than the
end of the muzzle, which is marginated with lappets at the outer corners. Jaw
thin translucent. Gill exactly as in Acmea; sides of foot and mantle edge

simple, nearly smooth. Dental formula aes ; teeth large, with transverse

pectinated or denticulated cusps, the serrated edge of which is turned toward
the median line. The number of teeth is the smallest in any known limpet,
and their appearance suggests that they are compounded of the normal three
Docoglossal laterals, rather than due to the suppression of two and the exag-
geration of the third. Nothing like it is described in the group.

Pectinodonta arcuata Da tt.
Plate XXV. Figs. 3,3a, 3b.

P. arcuata Dall, loc. cit., p. 409, 1882.

This was obtained by the party on the Blake at Station 215, off St. Lucia, in
226 fms., coarse sand and broken shells, bottom temperature 51°.0; a large
dead specimen at Station 185, in 333 fms., fine sand and dark brown mud,
off Dominica, bottom temperature 44°.0; another, drilled, but in fresh con-
dition at Station 161, in 583 fms., lava sand, off Guadelupe, bottom tempera-
ture 41°.0; another specimen was found entangled in a piece of coral from
unknown depth, at St. Thomas, W. I.

The typical species was kindly compared with the species of Scutellina in
the British Museum by friends in London, and reported to be different from

any of them.

412 BULLETIN OF THE

Super-Family ABRANCHIA.

Genus PROPILIDIUM Forves & HAn_Ley.

Propilidium ancyloide F. & H.
Plate XXXI. Figs. 2, 2b, 2c.

P. ancyloide F. & H., Il. pp. 448, 444, pl. lxii. figs. 8, 5; pl. aa, fig. 4, 1850.

In the publication on deep-water limpets and chitons above referred to
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, p. 402) it was stated that an examination of the
available data indicated that Propilidium belonged in the Fissurellid@, where
it might represent an imperforate Puncturella. More lately Dr. Jeffreys sug-
gested its identity with Cocculina. I have never been able to procure a speci-
men of Propilidiwum with the soft parts preserved in spirits, and all that Dr.
Jeffreys could send me for examination was a dried up fragment from a shell
collected long since. By soaking this in weak potash solution I was able to
restore it sufficiently to determine that the form of the head and tentacles
agrees with the drawing of Forbes and Hanley, and that the dentition resem-
bles that of Pilidiwm fulvum, as figured by G. O. Sars (Moll. Reg. Arct.
Norvegia, pl. ii. fig. 12), except that the teeth are more slender and longer, and
are somewhat more separated from one another. This shows that the genus
belongs in the Docoglossa (in all probability near the Lepetide), and its stand-
ing will depend chiefly upon the character of its branchie, if it proves to
possess them. None could be seen in the soaked specimen, but one could
hardly expect any trace of them to remain there, even if originally present.
The spiral and sinistral or posteriorly directed nucleus is common to all of the
Abranchiata, but in nearly all of them it is lost before the creature attains
maturity. In Propilidium with its septum we seem to have the process arrested
half-way, the partition remaining unfinished and the nucleus persistent.

Prof. Verrill has described (Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 205, May, 1884)
an American species of this genus, which has until lately rested on its original
type, a native of North European seas. P. elegans Verrill was collected off the
coast of Virginia in 1395 fathoms. It has not yet been figured, and in treating
of the soft parts Prof. Verrill does not mention the branchie. The animal is
blind, like the Lepetide, and there are no epipodial filaments or fringe.

The occurrence of P. pertenue Jeffreys is also recorded from the American
coast, in 640 fms., by Prof. Verrill, but the genus of the original pertenue is
doubtful. ‘

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 413

Genus LEPETELLA VERRILL.

Lepetella tubicola Verritt.
Plate XXV. Fig. 6.

Lepetella tubicola Verrill, Am. Journ. Science, XX. p. 396, 1880; Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., III. p. 875, Jan., 1881.
Lepetella tubicola Dall, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., III. pp. 408, 411, April, 1882.

This remarkable species does not appear in the Blake collection, but, in addi-
tion to the northern localities referred to in the publications above cited, it has
been collected by the U. S. Fish Commission in the Gulf of Mexico, between
the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida, at Station 2376, in 324
fms., mud, in worm tubes, bottom temperature 46°.5 F. I have figured the
dentition for comparison. A fossil specimen in the Jeffreys collection marked
Patella compressa Rayneval from Monte-Mario, and according to Tiberi (fide
Jeffreys, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 674) also found living in the Bay of Naples, ap-
pears to be indistinguishable from Lepetella tubicola, so far as the shell is
concerned.

Suspctass ISOPLEURA.

Some years ago,* in reviewing the article “ Mollusca” of the new edition of
the Encyclopedia Britannica, I pointed out that this Subclass is naturally
divided into two large groups; one the Polyplacophora, including the Chitons,
which possess a developed and functional foot and exhibit a metameric repe-
tition of the primitive shell-sac; and the other the Chetodermida,t worm-like,
with an abortive or rudimental foot, and (so far as known) without any evi-
dence of a shell or its equivalent. But as the term Polyplacophora has long
been in use for the Order including the Chitons, it is probably better to substi-
tute a new term for the Super-ordinal group.

Suprer-OrpER POLYCONCH.

Order POLYPLACOPHORA.

Suborder CHITONACHA.
Super-Family HOCHITONIA.

Head and tail plates similarly articulated.

It was early recognized by Carpenter that the Chitons were separable into
two great groups, which he called the Regular and Irregular Chitons. To the

* Science, pp. 730-732, June 13, 1884.
+ Aplacophora Fischer, Man. Conch., 1885.

414 BULLETIN OF THE

former belong all the ancient paleozoic forms, which as far as known were all
Leptoidea. The majority of the living Chitons are also classed in this group.
The more specialized and peculiar, and especially the forms least embarrassed
by their shelly cuirass, or in which it has become more or less diminished in
size relatively to the whole animal, belong to the more modern group Opsi-
chitonia.

The Hochitonia will comprise four families, whose exact limits remain to be
defined by further researches, but which will for the present be regarded as
the equivalents of the lettered subdivisions of nearly the same name in my
paper on the Genera of Chitons (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, pp. 283-285).
They are the Leptoidea, Ischnoidea, Lophyroidea, and Acanthoidea.

Famity LEPTOCHITONIDZA.
Genus LEPTOCHITON Gray.

This group comprises the great majority of the deep-water Chitons. It
should not be confounded with Leptochiton H. & A. Adams, which is a hetero-
geneous assembly. Nearly all the species are white, with ferruginous or cine-
reous splashes, and of comparatively small size. They represent the paleozoic
Chitons, which were all Leptoids. Chiton eocenensis Conrad, from the Alabama
Eocene, is however a true Chiton of the restricted group. typified by C. squa-
mosus Born, or C. tuberculatus Linné.

Leptochiton pergranatus n. s.

L. t. elongata, mediocre elevata, regulariter arcuata, jugo nullo; pallide cereo
tincta, interdum albida; valvis latioribus, apicibus nullis; v. ant. et post. plus
minusve concava; v. post. sine mucrone elevata; sculptura ut in L. cancellatus
sed granulis majoribus; areis lat. minus definitis; lam. suturalis, elongatis;
zona lata, squamuliis tenuibus, criniformes, dense obsita. Lon. 12.0; lat,
6.5 mm.

Habitat. Station 192, near Dominica, in 138 fms., bottom temperature
63°.75 F.

This fine species is nearest the Atlantic LZ. cancellatus: Sowerby, and the
Japanese L. fuliginatus Ad. & Reeve. It differs from both in its concave or
excavated instead of convex terminal valves, in the absence or obsolete condi-
tion of the posterior mucro, in its much larger and more regular granules, and
in the subdepressed appearance also of the part of the median valves near the
girdle on each side, It is larger than cancellatus, and smaller than fuliginatus,
and without the dingy blackish painting of either. L. cancellatus is narrower,
higher, and with a sharper median angle. In L. fuliginatus the middle valves
are shorter from front to back, the sutural laminz smaller and much more
triangular. There is no sign of a mucro on these valves, but in L. pergranatus

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 415

there is a beginning of one, quite perceptible. The latter is a proportionally
wider and flatter species, with a stronger and more prominent girdle densely
set with elongated silvery scales like short stiff gray hairs; these form a pretty
fringe at the periphery. The sculpture follows the pattern of LZ. cancellatus,
but the lateral areas are less clearly defined, the granules are more clearly cut,
more regularly arranged, and larger than in any of the species hitherto known,
There are twelve gills on each side, reaching forward to about the middle of
the sixth valve.

Genus HANLEYIA Gray.

Hanleyia tropicalis Dat.
Plate XXVI. Figs. 8c, 8d.
Hanleyia tropicalis Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., LX. p. 53, 1881.

Habitat. Sand Key, in 128 fms.
No new information or specimens have come to hand since this elegant
species was described.

Famity ISCHNOCHITONIDZ.
Genus ISCHNOCHITON (GraY) CARPENTER.

Section STENOPLAX Carpenter.
Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) limaciformis Sowersy.

Chiton limaciformis Sowerby, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 26. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Chiton,
pl. viii. figs. 42 a-b, 1847.

Chiton productus Reeve, Conch. Icon. Chiton, pl. xvii. fig. 97, 1847.

Chiton sanguineus Reeve, loc. cit., fig. 98.

Ischnochiton limaciformis Shuttleworth, Berner Mitth., 1853, p. 190.

Ischnochiton multicostatus Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI. p. 337, 1883, not of C. B.
Adams.

Chiton (Stenoplax) limaciformis (Cpr.) Moérch, Poulsen, Cat. West Indian Shells,
p. 14, 1878.

Habitat. Station 10, in 37 fms., lat. 24° 44’ N. and lon. 83° 26’ W., in the
southeastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Also Key West and other Florida ©
Keys, under stones and among corallines at low water, abundant, Hemphill.
Dry Tortugas, Dr. E. Palmer. St. Vincent, West Indies, Guilding. Antilles,
various collectors.

This species is also common to West America and Japan, the forms oceur-
ring in these regions having hardly a varietal difference from each other. It
is the largest Ischnoid Chiton of the Antillean region. Jschnoplax multicostatus
C. B. Adams agrees in general form, but. differs in detail, especially in the
armature of the girdle, and belongs in a different section of the genus. Chiton

416 BULLETIN OF THE

sanguineus Reeve is a mere color variety of limaciformis, but has generally
been referred to as a synonym of C. purpurascens C. B. Adams, which from
authentic specimens is a totally distinct species from limaciformis.

Of the Lophyride and Acanthopleuride there are no representatives in the
Blake Collection.

Super-Family OPSICHITONIA.

This group contains those forms in which the anterior and posterior valves
are ditferently articulated, and the posterior plate is usually abnormal, or with
a slit or sinus behind. It comprises, for the present, the Schizochitonide,
Placophoride, Mopaliide, Amiculide, and Cryptoplacide, corresponding to
divisions E to I of the paper on the Genera of Chitons previously alluded to.
No fossil forms are known, previous to the Pliocene, for this division of the
Chitonacea.

Famity MOPALIID.

Genus NOTOPLAX H. Apams.
Notoplax Adams, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 408. Type, N. speciosa Ad. (Tasmania).

Notoplax floridanus n. s.

Surface of valves entirely covered except a small rounded point at the mucro
of the anterior valve and a linear space extending forward from the mucro of
the others. The exposed parts are whitish and smooth, or transversely finely
striate. They are more conspicuous in dry than in fresh or spirit specimens.
The exposed part occupies just about the space which the median suture does
in the valves of Schizoplax. The covered parts of the valves are whitish
clouded with pink. The valves as a whole are wider than long, rectangular,
with a very shallow and narrow sinus, except the anterior one are keeled in
the median line, overlap each other about half their length, and the two
central ones are a little narrower than the others. The valves have about one
third the total width of the fresh animal, but about half in the dry specimens.
The anterior valve has five notches, the others two each. The mucro of the tail
valve is not very prominent, but a little way behind it the immersed portion
falls abruptly so that the posterior slope is nearly vertical and the form blunt
and high. The part of the tail plate between the notches is not serrate as in
N. speciosa, but slightly radiately striate, and the sinus is very narrow, shallow,
and almost obsolete.

The girdle resembles that of Katharina when fresh, being smooth, of a
black or brown color with the texture of a moist prune above; below whitish,
fleshy, a border of extremely minute spines at the margin. When dry there
is a granular irregularity to the surface, as if there were little irregular grains

in the substance of the girdle. There are five very small pores about the
May 14, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 417

anterior plate, and a pair at each suture between the valves. There are no
pores around the tail plate. The pores are very small in the fresh, and invis-
ible or nearly so in the dry specimen; they are filled with fine glassy spicule,
which, in the specimens I have seen, do not rise above the surface, but have
probably been worn off. The gills extend forward half-way to the head. The
muzzle is surrounded by a crumpled veil. The anus is on a papilla. I have
seen no spicules on the upper surface outside of the pores. The largest speci-
men I have seen in alcohol measures 24.0 mm. long, by 13.0 mm. wide.

Habitat. Key West and Key Largo, Hemphill, on the reefs near low
water. Dry Tortugas, Dr. E. Palmer. Cape Florida, Wurdeman (in Mus.
Comp. Zodlogy).

This remarkable species attracts the attention at once by its dark glistening
girdle, and long line of white streaks on its median line, like exclamation points
without the dots (1). With the exception of Chlamydochiton, less of the valves
is exposed than in any species which has them exposed at all. A specimen
from which the valves had been dissolved by the acidity of the alcohol was
found by Dr. Carpenter in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and doubt-
fully referred by him to Microplax. But we now know Microplax to be a
Leptoid, without slits, holding to Leptochiton much such a relation as Notoplax
does to Acanthochiton.

The original type of Notoplax has the surface of the girdle leathery, the
valves are wholly separated from each other by bridges of tissue, and there is
nothing said of sutural pores. The exposed part of the valves is larger and
wider, with imbricated sculpture. The slits begin as shallow furrows, which
are arched over higher up, and form tubes extending to the mucro, visible
outside as raised ridges. The valves in this species (NV. speciosa) are wider
and shorter than in N. floridana and also farther apart, though they probably
overlap a little below the surface. The space in the insertion plate between
the two slits in the tail plate is longitudinally strongly grooved, and has a
serrated edge. The present species has no serration, no tubular passages to
the slits, and the valves are contiguous. It forms a passage from Notoplax
toward Stectoplax (porrectus Cpr.) in these particulars, and agrees with it in
having sutural pores. On the other hand, Stectoplax has the girdle covered
with countless minute glassy spines, the sinus is very wide, rounded, and deep,
and the slits are thrown forward to a very much greater extent at their distal
ends. The anterior and posterior lamine of insertion are strongly striated in
Stectoplax, and the sutural pores are conspicuous.

It will be seen from this comparison of characters that this Florida shell is
intermediate in its characters. As a wider knowledge of the group may render
it necessary to consolidate Stectoplax with Notoplax under a more comprehen-
sive diagnosis of the genus, and the latter is the older name, I prefer to leave
this species in Notoplax, though not typical in the characters it exhibits. Its
place in the general grouping would be between Katharina and the Acantho-

chitons. The Mopaloid posterior sinus of the tail plate is practically obsolete.
VOL. XVIII. 27

418 BULLETIN OF THE

Cuass SCAPHOPODA.

Order SOLENOCONCHIA.

Famity DENTALIID.

Genus DENTALIUM LiInne.

The species to be considered may be conveniently divided into smooth
species, delicately striated species, strongly sculptured species, laterally com-
pressed species, and dorsally compressed species.

Iam inclined to believe that the differences in the soft parts reported in
regard to various Scaphopods will be found to be more or less connected by
intermediate forms when more species have been examined. To some extent
the differences will prove to be due to the point of view of the observer. Dif-
ferences in the notch or slits at the posterior orifice are often due to erosion or
pathologic causes.

An annelid, Pomatoceras, simulates some forms of Dentaliwm or Cadulus.
Other worms adopt the dead shells as a residence, and grow to fit them exactly.
A very pretty hermit crab, not asymmetrical like his brethren who dwell in
Gastropod shells, makes his home in the dead abyssal Dentalza, or in the shells
of Cuvieria. The large claw is modified to fit the aperture of the shell exactly,
like an operculum. Though the shells are white and opaque, and the species
is dredged at great depths, the crab is prettily colored with pink and yellow,
and has large well pigmented eyes.

A. Shells circular in section.
a. Shells smooth and polished.
Dentalium agile M. Sars.

Dentalium agile M. Sars, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 387, 1881.
Antalis agilis G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 102, t. xx. fig. 9, 1878.
Dentalium entalis Linné var. agile Watson, Chall. Gastr., p. 6, 1885.

Habitat. Station 100, off Morro Light, Havana, in 400 fms.

Most of the specimens originally referred to this species appear on more
thorough study, and after comparison with typical specimens of agile, to be im-
perfect or young specimens of D. perlongum. A single undoubted specimen of
ayile was, however, taken as above. The original agile is very likely connected
with some other nominal species, as suggested by Mr. Watson, but I have not
had time to make a careful study of the question.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 419

Dentalium perlongum Da tt.
Plate XXVII. Fig. 6.

Dentalium perlongum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 86, July, 1881; Ibid., V., No. 6, p. 61,
1878; Agassiz, Three Cruises of the Blake, II. p. 67, fig. 284, 1888.

Habitat. Station 41, in 860 fms. Station 46, in 888 fms. Yucatan Strait,
in 640 fms. Station 33, lat. 24° 1’ N., lon. 88° 58’ W., in 1568 fms. Station 32,
in 804 fms. Station 43, in 339 fms. Stations 162 and 163, off Guadelupe, in
734-769 fms., mud and sand, temperature 40°.0. Stations 226 and 228, off
St. Vincent, in 424-785 fms., sand, temperature 39°.5 to 42°.5. Stations 235
and 236, off Bequia, in 1507 and 1591 fms., ooze, temperature 39°.0. Station
244, off Grenada, in 792 fms., ooze, temperature 39°.0. Also at U. S. Fish
Commission Station 2117, off Cape Hatteras, N. C., in 683 fms., yellow mud,
temperature 40°.0, and Stations 2383, 2384, and 2398, in 227-1191 fms., mud,
temperature 39°.6 to 48°.6, between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar
Keys, Florida.

This fine species has been carefully compared with all those from deep water
in the Jeffreys collection, and seems fully distinct from any of them. Mr.
Watson observes that the young resembles D. longistrorsum Sowerby in texture
and general appearance, but is straight; D. acutissimwm Watson is stouter and
more curved.

Dentalium filum Sowerpsy.

Dentalium jfilum Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 99, pl. ecxxv. fig. 45, 1866. Jeffreys,
P. Z.S. 1882, p. 660.
D. gracile Jeffreys, Ann Mag. Nat. Hist., July, 1870, not of Meek.

A shell agreeing with the specimens named D. filum by Dr. Jeffreys in his
collection was dredged at Fish Commission Stations 2592, 2595, 2596, 2601,
2602, and 2614, off the coast of North Carolina, in 17 to 124 fms., sand. He
quotes it from the N. E. Atlantic and the Mediterranean, in 20-1093 fms., and
also from the Italian Pliocene Tertiary beds,

Dentalium callipeplum n. s.
Plate XXVII. Fig. 12 b.

Shell ivory white to pale salmon color, glistening, elegantly arched, rapidly
increasing ; sculpture of faint girdling incremental lines, and toward the tip
faint longitudinal scratches, hardly discernible ; section circular, the lower edge
projecting a little in the adult aperture; tip entire, circular in the youngest,
but in the adult with a wide very shallow notch on the concave side. Anterior
diameter, 5.0 ; posterior diameter, 0.5 ; lon. of shell, 61.5; height of arch above
the chord, 10.0 mm.

420 BULLETIN OF THE

Habitat. Station 128, near Santa Cruz, in 180 fms. ooze, temperature 60°.0 ;
Station 143, off Saba Bank, a fragment, in 150 fms. ; Station 167, off Guade-
lupe, in 175 fms., sand, temperature 55°; Station 220, off Santa Lucia, in 116
fms., hard bottom, temperature 58°.5; Station 262, off Grenada, in 92 fms.,
sand, temperature 62°. Also at U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2314, off
South Carolina, in 159 fms., sand, and 2400, in the Gulf of Mexico, in 169 fms.,
mud, temperature 57°.5 F.

This elegant species has also been received from the coast of Honduras and
from Samana Bay, St. Domingo.

Its nearest relative is D. rubescens Deshayes, which is less curved in front
and more curved near the tip, is smaller, deeper colored, and has a very long
narrow posterior slit, when perfect, quite different from that of callipeplum.

The specimen figured is young; better specimens, from which the descrip-
tion was drawn up, were dredged by the Fish Commission. The striation on
the tip is so faint as to be very difficult to see, while the surface is so brilliant as
not easily to be scrutinized.

Dentalium matara n.s.

Shell slender, salmon-colored, whiter toward the aperture, glistening, the
lines of growth hardly perceptible in fresh specimens, other sculpture none;
very slightly arched ; aperture circular, very little oblique ; anal orifice higher
than wide, slightly notched below and above, with a short wide notch, but on
the convex side this is prolonged by a rather wide slit, about 1.0 mm. long.
Anterior diameter, 2.75 ; posterior diameter, 0.6 ; length of shell, 41.0 ; height
of arch above the chord, 3.75 mm.

Habitat. U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2608 and 2611, off Cape Lookout,
N. C., in 22 to 31 fms., sand, temperature 74° to 79°, and Stations 2402 and
2409, in the Gulf of Mexico, in 26 and 111 fms., sand and mud. Also at
Samana Bay, Santo Domingo, in 16 fms. mud, Couthouy, in 1854.

This shell is colored like D. rubescens, but has a shorter and very different
notch, is slimmer, straighter, and has a proportionally larger posterior end
when perfect. It is less conical, less arched, and smaller than D. callipeplum,
which it resembles in brilliancy. It entirely wants the fine posterior striation
of D. leptum Bush, which is still more slender.

The tube or sheath, which is often seen protruding from the posterior end of
Dentalia, is a pathological production, due to the truncation of the tip, which
is partially repaired to protect the anal extreme of the animal by the formation
of this thin tube. It may occur in any species, but is more marked in thick
shells. It has been made the basis of a genus or subgenus, but I doubt if the
formation is ever normal and regular in any species; it certainly is not in any
specimen I have been able to examine. It is probably confined to such species
as do not normally possess a slit or notch in any part of the circumference of
the anal aperture.

i]

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 421

b. Shell striated.
Dentalium leptum Busu.

Dentalium leptum Bush, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 470, pl. xlv. figs. 18, 18 a, 1885 ;
Rep. U. 8. Fish Commission for 1883, p. 85, 18865.

This beautiful and distinct species is reported from the vicinity of Cape Hat-
teras, N. C., to Charlotte Harbor, Florida, in 2 to 50 fms., sand or mud. It is
readily recognized by its orange tint and slender form, delicately and closely
striated near the tip.

Dentalium antillarum Orsreny.

Dentalium antillarum Orb., Moll. Cuba, II. p. 202, pl. xxv. figs. 10-13, 1842. Dall,
Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 87, 1881.

Habitat. Station 20, in 220 fms. ; Barbados, in 100 fms.; Yucatan Strait, in
640 fms.; Station 44, in 539 fms.; Station 19, in 310 fms.; Station 43, in 339
fms.; Station 33, in 1568 fms. ; off Cape San Antonio, in 1002 fms.; off Havana,
in 80 to 400 fms., Sigsbee; Station 136, near Santa Cruz, in 508 fms., ooze,
temperature 42°.5 ; Station 176, off Dominica, in 391 fms., ooze, temperature
43°.5 ; Station 211, off Martinique, in 357 fms., sand ; Station 230, near St.
Vincent, in 464 fms., temperature 41°.5 ; Station 264, off Grenada, in 416
fms., ooze, temperature 42°.5 ; Stations 272, 282, and 300, near Barbados, in 76
to 154 fms. sand, temperature 56° to 65°. Also by the U. S. Fish Commission
at Station 2355, near the Arrowsmith Bank, Yucatan, in 400 fms., ooze; and at
Station 2616, twenty-five miles E.S. E. from Cape Fear, N. C., in 17 fms.,
sand. Also by Dr. W. H. Rush, U. S. N., off Cape Hatteras, in 300 fms., green
mud.

This well marked species is uniformly finely grooved from the tip to the
anterior part, the interspaces being rounded, subequal, and thread-like, grow-
ing slightly finer anteriorly. The section is circular, the notch is on the
convex side, shallow and wide, often decollate. I believe its range extends
north to New England, and possibly to Nova Scotia, in deep water, judging by
specimens so labelled in the National Museum. 5

Dentalium calamus n. s.

Shell very slender, slightly arched, white, translucent, the soft parts showing
through the shell; finely longitudinally grooved, the grooves uniform, the
interspaces flat and slightly wider anteriorly; aperture hardly oblique, anal
end apparently trimmed off obliquely for a short distance on the convex side,
glandiform, phallic, vertically narrowly slit, the slit longer on the convex side,
the “glans”-like portion smooth, polished, usually with a little ledge around
it. Lon. of shell, 19.5; height of arch from chord, 2.25; diameter of aperture,

422 BULLETIN OF THE

1.25; of anal end behind the “glans,” 0.8 mm. Grooves in the middle part of
the shell about sixteen to the millimeter of circumference.

Habitat. Turtle Harbor, Florida, in 4 fms., Dr. W. H. Rush, U. S. N.

This very elegant and delicate species is ts like any other on the coast.
Though much smaller and more cylindrical, it has somewhat the general ap-
pearance of the last species, but when examined, instead of the sculpture being
rounded threads, it is seen to be of sharp fine incised lines with flat smooth
interspaces.

Dentalium taphrium n.s.

Shell short, stoutish, slightly curved, pale apple-green, which is so alternated
in ill-defined zones of translucency and opacity as to give on a fresh specimen
the effect of the silk known as moire antique, though the sculpture is not mod-
ified in these zones; sculpture of very fine sharp slightly elevated incremental
lines, visible only in the interspaces between the longitudinal threads; the
latter are even, squarish, rather flattened threads, with subequal channelled
interspaces, about six threads to the millimeter of circumference; close to the
aperture they become faint, and posteriorly every alternate thread is weaker
until it disappears. Both orifices are circular, the anal one has the upper, and
to a less degree the lower edge gently concavely waved, but without a slit.
Generally this end is decollate and circular. Lon. of shell, 17.0; height of
arch from chord, 2.4; diameter of aperture, 2.12; of anal orifice, 0.5 mm.

Habitat. Off the Carolina coast, in 22 to 52 fms., sand, temperature 67° to
78°, at U. S. Fish Commission Stations 2598, 2608, and 2612. Station 2405,
in the Gulf of Mexico between the Mississippi delta and Cedar Keys, Florida,
in 30 fms., sand.

A couple of specimens were obtained, dead and white, in 182 fms., coral sand,
off Havana, Cuba, by the U. S. Fish Commission. These, though decollate
behind, were about nine millimeters longer anteriorly than any a the more
northern specimens, without gaining much in diameter. The added part was
almost destitute of sculpture.

Dentalium candidum JEFFREYS.

Dentalium candidum Jeffreys, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 153, 1877; P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 658, pl. xlix. fig. 2.
Dentalium solidum Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 215, pl. xliv. fig. 16, 1884.

Habitat. Northern Atlantic, Jeffreys, 410 to 1750 fms. N. E. America,
Verrill, southward to the Carolina coast, in 8438 to 1309 fms.

This is a cold-water species not obtained by the Blake. Though one would
not anticipate it from the figure, (which is made from a very perfect young
specimen,) an inspection of Dr. Jeffreys’s types shows that his species is iden-
tical with that of Prof. Verrill.

. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 423

Under favorable circumstances this species may be of a most brilliant milk-
white, but nearly all the specimens are dull ashy gray in color, even when
living and in perfect order, I suppose the white ones are those which happen
to live in pure sand, while the ordinary form comes from mud or ooze.

Dentalium sericatum DA tt.

Plate XXVI. Fig. 1.
Dentalium sericatum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., LX. p. 37, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, in 640 fms.

This species is more acute than D. taphrium of the same size, and the moire
antique effect is of a much more prominent and zigzag pattern. In D. taphriwm
the sculpture is also coarser. A somewhat similar effect is observable on the
younger portion of D. aculeatwm Sowerby, which is otherwise very different.
The Indo-Pacific D. nebulosum Deshayes also exhibits it. The sculpture is
entirely independent of these differences of opacity, which at first one finds it
difficult to realize.

Dentalium carduus n. s.
Piate XXVII. Fig. 3.

Shell pure white, sometimes attaining an ashy or rusty tinge from extra-
neous matter, elongated, slightly curved, and with a rasp-like surface for about
half its adult length; longitudinal sculpture of very numerous fine sharp raised
threads with somewhat wider interspaces, in which intercalary threads from
time to time arise; transverse sculpture of fine sharp elevated lamellae, which
cross the threads and become almost spinulose on the intersections; these can
be felt, but are almost too fine to be clearly seen with the naked eye; in the
perfectly adult shell, this sculpture becomes, through senility or wear, less
sharp on the last. half of the shell; though both sorts of ridges persist, they are
thicker and more rounded; shell not very thick; aperture circular, very little
oblique ; anal orifice small, with a short wide slit on the convex side, and no
notch or wave on the other. Lon. of completely adult shell, 87.0 ; height of
arch from chord, 7.0; diameter of aperture, 7.0; of anal orifice, 0.7 mm.

Habitat. Station 220, near Santa Lucia, in 116 fms., hard bottom, tempera-
ture 58°.0. Station 246, in 154 fms., ooze, near Grenada, temperature 56°.
Also by the U. §. Fish Commission, in 338 fms., sand, at Station 2655, on the
Little Bahama Bank, temperature 47°.5.

The specimen figured is only 16 mm. long, but shows sufficiently the char-
acters of the form and sculpture. Better specimens were afterward found in
some of the Fish Commission dredgings, from which the above description is
drawn. The peculiar sharpness felt by drawing the shell gently between the

finger and thumb is very recognizable, and under the glass the sculpture is
very beautiful.

424 BULLETIN OF THE

c. Species strongly sculptured.

Dentalium disparile Orxienr.

Dentalium disparile Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 87, 1881 (ex parte). Orbigny,
Moll. Cuba, II. p. 202, pl. xxv. figs. 14-17, 1842.

Habitat. Coast of Florida, in 2-10 fms. Cuba, Orbigny. Bahamas, Raw-
son. Samana Bay, St. Domingo, Couthouy. Barbados 100 fms., Blake Expe-
dition.

This species has no notch or slit when perfect; when truncate it repairs
damages by projecting a small tube from the broken end. It recalls D. panor-
mitanum Jeffreys, but is smaller, less uniform in sculpture, and has no notch.

Dentalium ceratum DALtt.
Plate XXVI. Fig. 5. Plate XXVII. Fig. 2.

Dentalium ceratum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 38, 1881.

Habitat. West Florida, Pourtalés, 50 fms. Station 2, in 805 fms. Sigsbee,
off Havana, in 119-177 fms. Station 36, in 84 fms. Station 45, in 101 fms,
Station 101, off Morro Light, Havana, in 175 to 250 fms. Station 140, off
Virgin Gorda, dead, in 1097 fms. Station 208, in 213 fms., off Martinique.
Barbados, 100 fms. Station 226, off St. Vincent, in 424 fms., sand. Stations
272, in 76 fms., sand; 290, in 73 fms., sand ; and 299, in 140 fms., coral, near
Barbados. Also by the U. S. Fish Commission, south of Cuba, at Station
2135, in 250 fms., coral. Temperatures ranging from 42°.5 to 71°.0, and
averaging 53°.1 F.

This species also recalls D. panormitanum, but is always more slender,
usually shorter, has a yellow waxen instead of an apricot tint, and the raised
sculpture is finer and more uniform. D. ceratum has a shallow wave above
and below at the anal end, while D. panormitanum has a true, though short
slit.

Dentalium Gouldii n. s.
Plate XXVI. Fig. 4.

Shell elongated, slender, slightly arched, vitreous, anteriorly whitish, behind
with a yellowish or pale greenish tinge; surface polished, with fine microscopic
longitudinal strie, over a large part of the surface; in well developed speci-
mens the shell is hexagonal and six-sided, with the sides impressed so that the
ribs stand out like marginating rods; as the shell grows older, the angles be-
come less marked, although generally quite perceptible at the aperture; the
lines of growth are visible as extremely fine engraved striz ; in another muta-
tion of the species (which served the draughtsman for Fig. 4), there are longi-
tudinal threads between those forming the angles, and which obscure the

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 425

angularity especially in front until the shell is examined from behind “ end
on,” when it will be perceptible; this form is straighter than the type. The
aperture is not at alloblique. There is a wide rather short notch, perhaps due
to erosion, at the convex side of the anal orifice in the shell figured. Typical
form shows no notch when perfect, and measures 30,0 mm, long, height of the
arch 3.5 mm., aperture 3.0 and anal end 0.6 mm. in diameter. The variety
obscurum is 28.0 mm. long, aperture 2.0 and anal end 0.5 mm, in diameter.

Habitat. Off Havana, in 127 fms. Variety at Station 299, in 140 fms.,
coral, near Barbados, temperature 56°.5, Also (the typical form) at U.S, Fish
Commission Station 2145, in 25 fms., mud, near Aspinwall. Also in 12 fms.,
twelve miles east from Fryingpan Shoals, South Carolina, Dr. W. H. Rush,
U.S. N. Also Barbados, fide H. Cuming.

This shell was confounded with D. hexagonum Gould, a large Chinese species
of similar form, by Sowerby and Reeve. The typical form of D. Gouldii is
longer, more slender, and less curved than the figures of Reeve and Sowerby,
which represent a young D. hexagonum. It is just possible that the supposed
variety may prove distinct, in which case it may be called D. obscurum ; but I
inclined at present to believe it to be nothing more than a variety. The ordi-
nary form is what has been called hexagonum by West Indian collectors for
many years, but the rounding off of the angles as the shell becomes adult is
not paralleled in the Chinese species, which is much larger, and has a reddish
dull surface, like pale terra-cotta.

Dentalium ceras Watson.

Dentalium ceras Watson, Linn. Soc. Journ., XIV. p. 510, April, 1879. Dall, Bull.
M. C. Z., IX. p. 87, 1881. Watson, Chall. Gastr., p. 3, pl. i. fig. 4, 1885.

Habitat. Station 33, Gulf of Mexico, in 1568 fins. Station 193, off Mar-
tinique, in 169 fms., sand. Temperatures 40°.5 and 51°. Pacific Ocean, Chal-
lenger Expedition.

By a lapsus in the text of the Bulletin one of Watson’s specimens was stated
to come from the “ Atlantic” west of Valparaiso, instead of the Pacific, as is
evident from the context. A comparison made by the kind assistance of Mr.
Watson confirms the identification of the Blake shell, which it thus seems is
really found in both oceans. It is close to D. capillosum, but is shorter, in-
creases more rapidly, and has a wider anterior end. The Blake specimens
were both dead, the Challenger specimen living, when taken.

Dentalium capillosum Jerrreys.

Dentalium capillosum Jeffreys, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 153, Feb., 1877; P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 658, pl. xlix. fig. 1.

Habitat. Whole North Atlantic, Challenger, Valorous, and Travailleur
Expeditions. Off Havana, Sigsbee, in 119 fms. Station 193, off Martinique,

426 BULLETIN OF THE

in 169 fms. Station 220, near Santa Lucia, in 116 fms. Barbados, Hassler
Expedition, in 100 fms.

All the specimens were dead or fragmentary, and most of them belong to
the variety paucicostatum Watson. In examining the specimens named D. capil-
losum in the Jeffreys collection, I find several of them which he regarded as the
young to be of a more slender and much smaller species, which probably never
attains a large size, though sculptured like D. capillosum. The specimen figured
in the P. Z. S. above cited is only about one third the size of an adult.

Dentalium laqueatum VERRILL.
Plate XXVII. Fig. 1.
Dentalium laqueatum Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 481, pl. 44, fig. 18, 1885.

Habitat. Off the eastern coast of the United States, in 60 to 200 fms., U.S.
Fish Commission, from near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to the vicinity
of Cape Florida, abundant; temperature ranging from 58° to 75°. Blake
Expedition, at Station 9, Gulf of Mexico, in 127 fms. Off Sombrero, living, in
54 fms. Off Havana, in 127 to 177 fms., Sigsbee. Station 132, off Santa Cruz,
in 115 fms., hard bottom. Station 177, off Dominica, in 118 fms., sand. Sta-
tion 240, near the Grenadines, in 164 fms., coral. Station 246, off Grenada, in
154 fms., ooze. Stations 290, 293, and 296, near Barbados, in 73-84 fms.
Temperature range, from 52° to 70°.75 F.

This very fine species reaches the length of 55mm. The very young have
generally a very slight wave on the convex side of the anal aperture; in the
adults this aperture is sometimes circular and unslit ; sometimes there is a nar-
row slit 5.0 mm. long. The very young have the transverse sculpture most
prominent (aside from the strong ribs which range from nine to eleven), the
adolescent part the longitudinal strie, while near the lip of the adult both
are obsolete. I am disposed to think the species does not reach more than
200 fms.

It recalls D. octagonum Lamarck, but the secondary strie in that species
when present are much coarser, the ribs fewer, and the taper at the posterior
end much more abrupt.

B. Species vertically compressed.

Dentalium compressum WaArTson.

Dentalium compressum Watson, Lin. Soc. Journ., XIV. p. 516, April, 1879. Dall, Bull.
M. C. Z., IX. p. 388, 1881. Watson, Chall. Gastr., p. 9, pl. i. fig. 9, 1888.

Habitat. Station 43, in 339 fms. Off Cape San Antonio, in 413 fms.
Station 2, Gulf of Mexico, in 800 fms. Station 226, near St. Vincent, in 424
fms., sand, temperature 42°.5. Culebra, St. Thomas, in 300 fms., Challenger.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 427

Also in the Gulf of Mexico, between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar
Keys, Florida, at Station 2402, in 111 fms., mud, by the U. S. Fish Com-
mission.

The posterior half of well preserved specimens is coarsely obscurely striated.

Dentalium ophiodon Datt.
Plate XXVI. Fig. 9.

Dentalium ophiodon Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 88, 1881.

Habitat. Station 19, in 310 fms. Station 20, in 220 fms. Station 21, in
287 fms. Barbados, Hassler Expedition, in 100 fms.

This is a more slender, smaller, and more delicately striated species than the
preceding.

C. Shell laterally compressed.

Dentalium callithrix n. s.
Plate XXVII. Fig. 10.

Shell white, moderately curved, laterally slightly compressed ; sculpture of
about nine primary longitudinal ridges, angulating the section, with between
them toward the middle of the shell three to five secondary smaller rounded
threads, crossed by moderately strong lines of growth ; the primaries are strong-
est posteriorly, they become fainter in front and all the longitudinal sculpture
nearly uniform near the aperture in the adult ; aperture oblique, rounded oval,
the lower lip in advance, margin thin; anal orifice circular, simple in the
young, without notches or slit ; adults usually show a short broadish slit on
the concave side, or are irregularly eroded ; the extreme tip in the young is
more curved than the body of the shell, and quite acute. Lon. of shell, 25.0;
height of arch above chord, 5.0 ; vertical diameter of aperture, 3.75; transverse
ditto, 2.75 ; diameter of anal end in young, 0.25 ; in figured specimen (eroded),
1.0mm. The shell may attain a length of 43.0 mm.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. Gulf of Mexico, Station 20, in 220 fms.
Station 41, in 860 fms, Station 162, near Guadelupe, in 769 fms., sand, tem-
perature 40°.0. Station 221, off Santa Lucia, in 423 fms., ooze, temperature
43°.0, Station 236, off Bequia, in 1591 fms., ooze, temperature, 39°.0. Station
248, in 161 fms., ooze, off Grenada, temperature 53°.5. Also at U.S. Fish
Commission Station 2678, in 731 fms., ooze, off Cape Fear, North Carolina,
temperature 38°.7, and Station 2383, in the Gulf of Mexico, between the delta
of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida, in 1181 fms., mud, temperature
40°.0 F.

This is a very characteristic species, in which the longitudinal sculpture, and
even the shell, are often somewhat spirally twisted as much as one eighth of the
circumference.

428 BULLETIN OF THE

Dentalium ensiculus Jerrrers.
Plate XXVII. Fig. 12.

Dentalium ensiculus Jeffreys, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 154, Feb., 1877; P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 660, pl. xlix. fig. 4. Watson, Chall. Gastr., p. 12, pl. ii. fig. 2, 1885.
Dentalium didymum Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., XIV. p. 517, 1879; Chall. Gastr.,

Dp: L0,;plin. fie) 11; 13866:
Dentalium Sigsbeanum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 38, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. Station 230, near St. Vincent, in 464
fms., temperature 41°.5. Station 288, off Barbados, in 399 fms., hard bottom,
temperature 44°.5. Also, by Dr. W. H. Rush, U.S. N., in 1060 fms., Yuca-
tan Strait, and off Havana, in 1024 fms., mud. North Atlantic, Portugal, West
of Ireland, Bay of Biscay, off Sombrero and Culebra Islands, West Indies, in
390 to 1785 fms., Jeffreys and Watson.

A comparison of a full series renders the above consolidation evidently
necessary.

Genus CADULUS Pai tiprt.
Cadulus Philippi, En. Moll. Sicilia, II. p. 208, pl. xxvii. fig. 21, 1844.

The subdivisions of this genus are somewhat uncertain, owing to the prevail-
ing ignorance of the characters of the soft parts, and of the value for systematic
purposes of these differences where they are known. The type of the genus,
C. ovulum Philippi, is nearly related to C. obesus Dall and C. gibbus Jeffreys,
but from these forms to the long and Dentalium-like forms, called Siphonoden-
talium by Sars, there is conchologically an insensible gradation. There is little
doubt that very different animals in some cases form these very similar shells,
but we are not yet in a position to make a final classification of them.

Cadulus quadridentatus Dati.
Plate XXVII. Fig. 5.

Siphonodentalium quadridentatum Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 36, July, 1881.
2 Cadulus incisus Bush, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 471, pl. xlv. fig. 20, June, 1885.

Habitat. Fernando Norofha, 7-25 fms. West coast of Florida, 30 fms.
Northward along the coast to Cape Hatteras, abundantly, in 12-50 fms., sand.

I have not seen an author’s specimen of Miss Bush’s species, but the species
described as above by me is quite abundant on the Carolina coast, and agrees
well with her description and figure. Most of the specimens have a slightly
dull silky look, with a slight yellowish tendency, as compared with the other
species, but this is not absolutely invariable, and may be due perhaps to the
action of the gastric juices of a fish upon specimens afterward disgorged. There

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 429

is much variation in the depth of the nicks at the posterior margin, and rarely
there are six instead of four. Some are usually deeper than others, and they
are seldom as square as in the one figured,

Cadulus eequalis Darr.
Plate XXVII. Fig. 9.
Cadulus equalis Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., LX. p. 34, 1881.

Habitat. Station 43, in 339 fms., near Tortugas.

This fine species is the least swollen of any of the forms from this region,
and only OC. cylindratus Jeffreys, exceeds it in this particular. Its nearest rela-
tive is C. spectabilis Verrill, which is larger, less cylindrical, more curved, and
more attenuated behind.

Cadulus spectabilis Verritt.
C. spectabilis Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 482, pl. xliv. fig. 19, 1885.

Habitat. Station 230, near St. Vincent, in 464 fms., sand, temperature 41°.5.
Southeast of George’s Bank, Massachusetts coast, in 1400-1800 fms., U.S.
Fish Commission.

The single specimen from St. Vincent is of a more even ivory white, and
rather less attenuated posteriorly, than the specimens from New England;
otherwise it seems to agree fairly well with them.

Cadulus Watsoni DALt.
Plate XXVII. Fig. 12a.

Cadulus Watsoni Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 34, 1881.

Habitat. Yucatan Strait, near Cape San Antonio, in 413 and 1002 fms.
Also off Old Providence, in 382 fms., ooze, temperature 46°.0, at U.S. Fish
Commission Station 2150.

Cadulus poculum Dat.

Shell about the size of C. Watsoni, but more curved; the swollen equator
quite near the mouth, and the part of the shell in front of it sharply compressed
vertically, with the aperture very oblique, like the mouth of a whistle ; wider
than high ; surface polished, smooth ; posterior aperture small, circular, not
notched, but projecting slightly more at the sides than above or below. Lon. of
shell, 13.2; anterior margin over convex side to equator, 4.0; vertical diameter

at equator, 2.0; transverse ditto, 2.5; transverse diameter of posterior orifice,

0.63 ; of anterior ditto, 1.75 mm.
Habitat. Off Cape San Antonio in 640 fms. Station 226, near St. Vincent,
in 464 fms., sand, temperature 42°.5 F.
This shell is remarkable for the obliquity of the equator, and of the slope on
the convex side from the summit to the anterior margin. In these particulars
it is more strongly marked than any other species I have seen. The anterior

430 BULLETIN OF THE

orifice is nearly circular, but looks upward from its lower lip at about 45°.
The equator is opaque white, strongly marked, and contrasted with the trans-
lucency of the rest of the shell. Behind it the attenuation is very rapid, and
the posterior end unusually small for a Cadulus of this size.

Cadulus Jeffreysi Monrerosaro.

Cadulus Jeffreysi Monterosato, Conch. Medit., p. 10, 1875.

C. subfusiformis Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., V. p. 196, pl. ci. fig. 8, not of M. Sars.

C. diploconus Seguenza, fide Jeffreys.

C. propinquus Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., V. p. 558, pl. lviii. figs. 31, 52, not of
G. O. Sars.

tC. Jeffreysi Verrill, loc. cit., p. 559.

Habitat. Barbados, in 100 fms. Off Martha’s Vineyard, at U. S. Fish
Commission Station 871.
The specimens have been compared with authentic types of C. Jeffreysv.

Cadulus carolinensis Busu.

Cadulus carolinensis Bush, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI. p. 471, pl. xlv. fig. 19, 1885;
Rep. Com. Fisheries for 1888, p. 85, 1885.
Cadulus Olivii Jeffreys, MS., non Scacchi.

Habitat. Off the Carolina coast, in 14 to 63 fms., sand, abundantly. U. §.
Fish Commission, also at Old Providence, in 382 fms., ooze, temperature 46°.0.

Cadulus (carolinensis var.*?) Bushii Datt.

Shell resembling C. carolinensis, but somewhat smaller, more abruptly con-
stricted behind the swollen portion, and with the posterior orifice a little
smaller. lLon., 6.5; max. diam., 1.25 mm,

Habitat. Barbados, in 100 fms.

In the present uncertainty as to what constitutes a species in this group, or
what is the range of specific variation, it is impossible to say whether this form
should be regarded as a species, or as a variety of C’. carolinensis Bush.

Cadulus Agassizii Datt.
Plate XXVII. Fig. 12 c.
Cadulus Agassizii Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 85, 1881.

Habitat. Station 5, in 229 fms.

No more specimens of this species have come to hand. It is very like
C. pandionis Verrill, but has the anterior aperture less oblique, the equator
more marked, the posterior part proportionally shorter and less attenuated.
It is also smaller than C. pandionis. The latter has about the same range as
C. carolinensis, but has not been found yet south of Fowey Rocks, Straits of
Florida, where it was collected by Dr. W. H. Rush, U.S. N.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 431

/

Cadulus lunula Dat.
Plate XXVIII. Fig. 8.
Cadulus lunula Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 85, 1881.

Habitat. Station 2, in 805 fms. ; Barbados, in 100 fms.

By a typographical error the specific name appeared in the Preliminary
Report with a masculine termination. A fragment, apparently of this species,
was dredged by the Fish Commission, off Cape Lookout, N. C., in 18 fms.

Cadulus obesus Warsow.

Cadulus obesus Watson, Lin. Soc. Journ., XIV. p. 527, April, 1879; Chall. Rep.
Gastrop., p. 22, pl. iii. fig. 8, 1885. Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 36, 1881.

Habitat. St. Thomas, Challenger Expedition, 390 fms. Blake Expedition,
Station 20, in 220 fms. Only one specimen was obtained.

Cadulus amiantus Da tt.
Plate XXVII. Fig. 7.

Cadulus sauridens Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., TX. p. 86, 1881, not of Watson, Lin. Soc.
Journ., XIV. p. 525, April, 1879.

Habitat. Station 19, in 310 fms. Off Cape San Antonio, in 1002 fms, Off
Cape Florida, in 8 fms., Dr. W. H, Rush, U. S. N.

This species, first identified by me with C. sauridens Watson, was submitted
to Mr. Watson for examination. He writes: ‘‘Compared with C. sauridens
it is three times as long, mouth not oblique nor regular ; form much more bent,
swelling much more pronounced and nearer the anterior end. The transverse
contour line is more circular, there being little if any flattening between the
convex and concave slopes. It is more like C. vulpidens Watson, but is only
half the length of that species, and less conical behind the ‘ equator,’ and more
conical in front of it. The equator is less angulated than in C. vulpidens, and
not so near the mouth.” The length of C. amiantus is 5.75 ; its max. diameter,
1.4mm. Both orifices are circular and not notched, and the swelling evenly
shades off toward the extremities. The specimens obtained off Cape Florida
are more slender than the typical form.

Cadulus cucurbita Datt.
Plate XXVII. Fig. 12 d.

Cadulus cucurbita Dall, Bull. M. C. Z., IX. p. 35, 1881.

Habitat. Station 19, in 310 fms.
The single specimen obtained recalls C. gibbus Jeffreys, but is very much
larger, and differently proportioned.

432 BULLETIN OF THE

Cadulus acus n.s.
Plate XXVII. Fig. 11.

Shell small, very slender, slightly curved, variegated with translucent and
opaque white rings and encircling bands which become broader toward the
anterior extreme ; aperture circular, slightly oblique, the shell behind it rapidly
increasing to its point of maximum diameter, from which it very gradually
tapers toward the almost acute posterior extremity. Surface smooth, with
extremely fine circular grooves or lines, which, under a strong magnifier, are
visible over most of the posterior third of the shell with their interspaces,
recalling the rings of Caecum trachea on a much more minute scale ; the rings
of opaque color sometimes coincide with the sculpture, but not constantly.
Lon. of shell, 8.0; diameter of aperture, 0.5; max. diam., 0.75; post diam.,
0.12 mm.

This is perhaps the most slender species known, and was obtained by Cap-
tain Couthouy, U. 8. N., about 1850, in Samana Bay, Santo Domingo, in thirty
fathoms, muddy bottom, where it was abundant. It is introduced here as
belonging in the fauna ; the specimens have been in my hands about twenty-
five years.

Cadulus gracilis Jerrreys.
Cadulus gracilis Jeffreys (1877), P. Z. S. 1882, p. 664, pl. xlix. fig. 6.

Cadulus gracilis Jeffreys, obtained in 843 fms., off Cape Hatteras, at U. S.
Fish Commission Station 2115, was identified by Dr. Jeffreys as his species.

Cadulus minusculus n. s.

A much smaller species of Cadulus, perhaps the smallest known, was ob-
tained by the U. S. Fish Commission, off Hatteras, in 63 fms., sand, at Station
2595. It is a little stouter than C. subfusiformis Sars, but shorter and more
cylindrical. The mouth is decidedly more oblique than in C. subfusiformis,
and the shell less bent. It is much the form of C. Jeffreysi Monterosato, and
is just about half as large.

May 14, 1889.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 433

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA TO PART I., 1886.

The Structure of the Gill in Amusium Dalli (I. p. 209), Dimya argen-
tea (I. p. 228), and Arca ectocomata (I. p. 243).— The structure of the
gill in Lamellibranchs is of considerable interest, and has been investigated by
Peck, Lacaze-Duthiers, Bonnet, Mitsukuri, and others. The subject is very
far from exhausted, however, and progress in this direction has been checked,
not so much because a majority of the known forms have been investigated,
which will not be true for a long time to come, as because later students have
assumed that the few which they have examined adequately represent the
many which they have not seen. Another difficulty is, that so far-no sys-
tem of nomenclature has been adopted, or even suggested, by which one could
designate a particular form of ctenidium when recognized. Dr. Paul Pelseneer
therefore deserves credit for attempting a diagrammatic classification in his
Report on the Anatomy of Deep Sea Mollusks in the Challenger series.

Unfortunately, when he leaves the regions of research for those of hypothe-
sis, it is at once evident to any one having a wide knowledge of these organs
in the Mollusca that his basis is inadequate, especially if the theories be tested
by application to mollusks in general. Dr. Pelseneer has recognized neither
the multiplicity of form which is exhibited by molluscan breathing organs,
nor the inadequacy of our present knowledge as a foundation for such wide
generalizations. Consequently his discussion is chiefly valuable as calling
attention to the subject, and presenting a preliminary basis for future com-
parisons,

In order to correct certain observations of my own, if they stood in need of
it, and to confirm them if sundry doubts of Dr. Pelseneer’s proved ill founded,
I reviewed the material discussed in Part I. of this Report.

A section through the ctenidium, at or near the point where it becomes
free from attachment to the mantle, gives conclusive evidence of the gill struc-
ture ata glance. Putting this in practice, I examined the original specimens
referred to at the head of this page, and a variety of other species for purposes
of comparison.

Beginning with the simplest form, Dimya, I found the original description
given by me to be in need of’no corrections. The base of the gill consists of
a rather large tube, constituting the branchial vein or blood-sinus, with a
single series of filaments on one side of it, unconnected except at their base
of insertion. Prof. Huxley states that the simplest form of gill consists of “a
stem fringed by a double series of filaments” (Inv., p. 408, Am. edition). In

VOL, XVIII. 28

434 BULLETIN OF THE

DIAGRAMMATIC SKETCH OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE CTENIDIA IN MOLLUSKS.

was

The length of the filaments or lamell in the first five figures of the diagram 1s made
for convenience disproportionally small.

A. Cross-section of gill of Dimya, showing large blood-vessel in the stem, and the
position occupied by the filaments upon the stem.

B. Cross-section of the gill in Amusium Dalli, the filaments touching but not organically
united above.

C. The same of Arca ectocomata, showing the tubular filaments planted in a groove,
and the asymmetrical position of the blood-vessels.

D. Section of gill in Arca Noe, the filaments organically united.

E. The same for Janira hemicyclica.

F. Cross-section of one of the gills of Plewrotomaria Adansoniana.

G. Gillin Cardium sp.

H. Cross-section of the left pair of gills in Perna ephippium ; at a these are united with
the right-hand pair by connective tissue crossing the median line of the animal.

I. Cross-section of the gill in Nucula, after Mitsukuri.

Dimya we have the still simpler form of a stem with only a single series of
filaments. (See Diagram A.) In Amustum Dalli we have a gill of the form
described by Prof. Huxley. The stem has two series of filaments, which are
organically connected only at their bases, one series attached on each side of
the stem with the space between them slightly excavated, and the lumen of the
blood-vessel below it of a semilunar shape. (See Diagram B.) The filaments, as
in Dimya, are adhesive to one another wherever they touch, have hoof-shaped
extremities, and are supported by fine chitinous rods, one to each filament.
In the ordinary shallow-water Pectens (e. g. Janira hemicyclica, see Diagram E)
there are on each side of the stem two series of filaments, peers con-
nected by delicate tissue, sustained by rods of chitine, and forming a double
series on each side of the stem. These series do not adhere to one another,
but the tips of the filaments in Amusium Dalli do adhere over the groove by
the adhesiveness of their ciliated surfaces, and practically form a single sac,
comparable to one of the two series observable in Janira; but composed of the
elements of which the inner halves of the series:in Janira are made up, while
the respective outer halves are absent in the Amusium.

It may of course be claimed that the two series on each side of the gill in
D and E are merely the single series of C and B laterally extended, so as to
form a flat lamella, instead of a columnar filament, for each process. Indeed,

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 455

Deshayes’s figure of a single lamella of Arca Now would directly convey this
idea. But that is not the impression made upon me by a microscopical exam-
ination of the lamellae. They seem to me, in the specimens I have examined,
to consist of two rods, each with a chitinous skeleton or axis, united by a thin
transverse tissue, like the paper of a kite between the cords of its periphery.
An examination of the stages of development of the gill in some form of Pecten
or Arca will be required to settle the true interpretation.

In Arca ectocomata the stem of the gill is large,‘and the blood-vessels are
close to the inner wall as in Dimya, instead of being central as in Janira,
Amusium, or Perna. The edge of the stem is deeply grooved, and from the
opposite sides of this groove extend the gill filaments. On each side they
are placed in a single rank with a passageway between their bases, but they
curve toward one another at the lips of the groove, and nearly or quite touch.
In this manner a sort of half-closed passage extends between them. The
filaments, unlike those of the forms above described, are not supported by
chitinous rods; they seem to be simple tubes, abundantly ciliated, and in alco-
hol are contorted in all directions, twisted, and curled. The tips of the fila-
ments are slightly enlarged, but owing to their want of solidity and absence of
connection with one another, they appear not to form even as much of a sac
as in Amusium Dalli, unless the passage between their bases be so regarded.
(See Diagram C.) Taking for comparison Arca Noe, we find a proportionally
smaller stem, with a double series of chitinous rods on each side; the pairs ot
each series are connected by delicate tissue only with each other, and these
combined groups correspond to the analogous series described in Janira. The
blood-vessel is central between their bases, which are separated externally by
an excavated space. The vein appears subtriangular in section. (See Dia-
gram D.)

In Perna, Chione, and Cardium, the double series are pedunculated; in
Perna (Diagram H) the vein is central between the peduncles, in Cardium
it is double (Diagram G), one vein appearing at the base of each sac; in Chione
it is much the same, but the outer branch of the vein is between the bases of
the outer primary lamella and the appendix or secondary lamella; the term
lamella in this instance being understood to mean a complete platoon, including
a double series of filaments.

Whatever sort of nomenclature be used, it follows from the above interpre-
tation of the facts that the gills of Arca ectocomata and Amusium Dalli are
just half the elements which go to make up the gills in Arca Noe and Janira
hemicyclica ; while in Dimya only one quarter as many elements are represented.

In Nucula (Diagram I) we have a more specialized gill than in Dimya or
Amusium, though this will not be evident except by careful study. The gill
of Pleurotomaria, a much higher type of mollusk than Nucula, is more simple
than any of those above mentioned. It is composed of a cartilaginous adnate
stem, with lateral transversely striate ]amelle (see Diagram F), a large and
a small blood-vessel. In section it appears much like that of Nucula or Sole-
nomya, but careful study shows the internal structure of the two to be differ-

436 BULLETIN OF THE

ent. The lamelle of the Gastropod are destitute of the elaborate framework
of chitine found in the Pelecypod ctenidium,

In referring to the insufficiency of characters offered by the specialization of
the gill structure for systematic purposes, it was not my intention to deny
these characteristics any value. They have a certain value in minor groups,
such as families, but, in my opinion, far less for higher groups than that of the
nervous system, the relations of the heart and intestine, the radula and the
shell, all of which are more fundamental in connection with the molluscan
organization. This is hardly the place to enter into a general disquisition on
the ctenidia, but it may not be amiss to observe that two chief factors in their
position, specialization and development, are the desirability of avoiding the
water fouled by effete matter discharged from the intestine, and the economic
use of tissue to obtain large aerating surface with the least expenditure of
material. These factors necessarily vary with many modifications of the
organism which are of little systematic importance, and consequently the
specializations of the gill subsequently produced are of no greater systematic
value than their inciting causes. The increase of aerating surface is attained
in a multiplicity of ways, many of which are most admirable and complicated;
but their significance is not great in the assignment of systematic position to
the animal which exhibits them.

There can be little doubt that the original form of gill was a simple pinched-up
lamella. This, elongated, becomes a filament. Filaments united by suitable
tissue, trussed, propped, and stayed by a chitinous skeleton, result in the forms,
wonderful in number and complexity, which puzzle the student to describe,
and much more to classify them.

But when it is a question as to deriving the greatest benefit from pure
water, if required (so to put it) to choose between the retention of the normal
ctenidium on the one hand, and the development of new breathing organs
elsewhere with a possible obliteration of the original ctenidium on the other,
the organism will always give the functional processes great weight. In the
Docoglossa we have an instance of this. Waiving the question whether the
blind deep-water Abranchiata (Lepetide, etc.) are degenerate or primitive
forms, it is evident that the Acmwide@ are the most typical forms of the whole
group. They have a smooth muzzle with an elevated tactile margin, often
angulated at its lower corners; a normal ctenidium over the neck;. eyes; and
a rather primitive dentition. In the Lepetide there are no eyes; the tactile
margin of the muzzle has become prolonged into large tentacles; there are no
specialized breathing organs of any sort; the radula is somewhat less primitive,
but still has rather generalized characteristics.

In the forms where the effete products of intestine and kidney are discharged
over the neck into the same general chamber with the ctenidium, some dis-
advantage necessarily must result to the animal. In Scurria there are attempts
to remedy this by adding a more or less complete cordon of plain lamelle
developed in the peripedal commissure between the mantle and the foot.
This begins as far as possible from the excretory organs, and is developed last

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 437

in front. In the Patellide, the most specialized group of all, containing the
largest and most specialized species of Docoglosas, we have the tactile muzzle
margin and its prolongations gone, the surface is simply papillose without
special margin; the eyes are well developed in the larger species; there are
traces of an epipodium, and the hereditary ctenidium, which still lingered
with Scurria, has entirely vanished. The circular cordon performs all its
functions. The teeth are more fully specialized, all divisions of the radula
being represented in the series. Among the hiphidoglossa we have an
Acmeid gill in Scutellina, a totally different form of gill in Addisonia, and
a pair of symmetrical ctenidia in Hmarginula, etc.; yet no one can question
that these animals all belong to the same great group or order.

In the Petrophilous pulmonates, we have Siphonaria with a gill and lung,
Gadinia with only a lung, and Onchidiwm with a lung and dorsal, possibly
branchial, proliferations. In no one of them is there a typical ctenidium
developed. These examples illustrate my reasons for considering the breath-
ing organs very mutable structures, and unsuited for use in classification of
the higher groups, or as diagnostic characters for important subdivisions of the
systems. Dr. Pelseneer criticises Dr. Fischer for using the number of the gill
ranks or series as a basis for classification. He elsewhere criticises the writer
for upholding the view that these characters are not well adapted for such a
purpose. Lastly he adopts a diagrammatic classification for the different forms
of ctenidia, with the implication that, presented in the manner he adopts, the
ctenidia may be used for classification. It seems to the writer, however,
that Dr. Pelseneer has really, though unconsciously, adopted the principle
upon which Dr. Fischer based his prior classification, merely adding to and
correcting the latter in details. Dr. Pelseneer claims that classification by
ctenidia is possible if we take the structure and not the number of the lamelle.
He then proceeds to show how the number may be more correctly counted
than formerly, and having done this uses it as a basis for classification. This
is quite proper from his standpoint, but proves that his advance beyond his
forerunners is less than he supposes.

In 1886, I called attention to the manner in which the stages of development
of the breathing organs in Cuspidaria, Cetoconcha, Verticordia, and Lyonsiella
represent the successive stages of development of the typical ctenidium (Blake
Report, Part I., pp. 280, 281, 1886); not by this intending to convey the
idea that I believed these groups to be derivative one from another, but only
that they represent the steps by which development in a related series would
proceed. I believe this view is correct, although, as will be seen later, I regard
the gill in Lyonsiella as of the ordinary type, while the lamelle of Cetoconcha
and Poromya are a totally new development, partly consequent on the pre-
vious degeneration and obliteration of normal ctenidia in the ancestors of these
genera, On the other hand, Dr. Pelseneer would regard the lamelle in these
forms as degenerated remnants of the normal typical gill, for which in
these observations, I have reserved the name ctenidium. In another place I
have shown the anatomical grounds for the belief that this construction of the

438 BULLETIN OF THE

facts is erroneous. In any case, the mere attitude of the lamine of the cte-
nidium can have but very slight systematic importance.

Amusium pleuronectes (I. p. 209). The form referred to as this species
dredged in the Gulf of Mexico, proves by comparison with the Pliocene fossils
to be Amusiwm Mortoni Say. In specimens of equal size it can hardly be
distinguished from that variety of Asnusiwm pleuronectes which has the in-
ternal lire paired, but the A. Mortoni grows to a larger size, is then rather
more circular and slightly more convex than any of the Oriental forms, and
lor practical purposes may be regarded as a distinct species.

Pecten phrygium (I. p. 217). See Plate XL., Fig. 1, Part II., where
this species is figured, and also in Agassiz, Three Cruises of the Blake, II.
p. 72, Fig. 299. A fine flattened pink and white rayed Pecten, with 30 in-
ternal lire arranged in pairs and about 15 ribs, was dredged in 124 fathoms,
off Cape Hatteras, by the U.S. Fish Commission, at Station 2602. It will be
fully described and figured in the Report on the Voyage of the Albatross, under
the name of Pecten Tryon. Another small Pseudamusium (strigillatum n. s.),
characterized by much elevated crowded concentric lamelle on both valves,
inflated and white, has been added to the fauna of the Antilles and Florida
Reefs by Dr. Rush and the Albatross party. It is only about 10.0 mm. in
height, but P. Tryont measures over 600 mm. in height, and as much in
width, and has much the oblique form of P. phrygium.

Leda acuta, ConrRaD (I. p. 251). An examination of Dr. Gould’s type of
Leda unca in the Gould collection at Albany, New York, shows that, in spite
of the discrepancy between his description and the characters of L. acuta, his
name is merely a synonym of acuta. Gould’s type is a typical specimen of
L. acuta.

Malletia (Tindaria) cytherea, Datt (I. p. 254). The shell described in
the first paragraph on page 255 (Part I.) proves to be distinct from my origi-
nal M. cytherea, and is figured here as Malletia amabilis Dall, Plate XL.
Fig. 8. The original M. cytherea never attains the size of M. amabilis, and is
of a squarer, less inflated, more Cytherea-like form.

Cryptodon (I. p. 267). A large specimen of Cryptodon which has since
been received (about 17.0 mm. high) affords the following notes as to the soft
parts. The foot is extremely slender (0.5 mm.) with a small spindle-shaped
dilation at the distal end, circularly rugose, and about 40.0 mm. long, as con-
tracted in alcohol. The gills are as long as the shell, or nearly so; the stem has
a dorsal and a ventral Jamina, and the dorsal lamina is reflected outward and
downward, until its lower margin is on a level with the stem. There is only
one pallial and branchial opening, with the edges posteriorly thickened or
infolded but nearly smooth. The anal opening has no tube, but forms a sim-
ple long-ovate slit. The gills are free, except proximally, over two thirds of
the whole length being unattached. The mouth is small, with a narrow raised
edge like a Polyzoén epistome, but no palpi. The ovarian and hepatic lobules

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 439

are attached on each side of the foot, and ramify from a central area of attach-
ment in a very large number of short stout spongy lobules, recalling the digita-
tions of some keratose sponges. The ova are minute and yellowish. The
hepatic granules are dark brown or grayish. The whole mass of the genito-
hepatic organs nearly fills the mantle cavity, and is larger than all the rest of
the soft parts put together. These lobules are not like the pyriform projections
of Myonera, each of which projects singly from the rounded surface of the
visceral mass, and probably subsides after the period of ovulation. In Crypto-
don the whole mass on each side arises from a single small area, and digitates
afterward.

Several of the species referred to this genus in the Pelecypoda of the Chal-
lenger Expedition appear to me to belong near Lyonsia rather than with
Cryptodon, judging by the figures of the shell.

In this connection I may observe that in a fine Lucina (of the type of
L. spinosa Reeve), dredged in Panama Bay, I find the gill composed of a single
lamina, or sac, on each side, hanging vertically from the mantle; the posterior
lower edges are connected under the anal region, shutting it off from the bran-
chial chamber; there are two small orifices without siphons, of which the anal
is considerably the larger, but the lobes of the mantle, except in the siphonal
region, are not connected below the adductors. As Lucina has been said to
have two gill lamine on each side, these facts are worth noting.

Lucina lenticula, Reeve (I. p. 265). The specimens cited from Station
21, in 287 fms., and from Barbados, in 100 fms., prove on further study to be
young specimens of L. multilineata Conrad.

Lucina sagrinata, Dau (1. p. 265). This species has since been dredged
off Cape San Antonio, in 300 fms., and at Station 2646, in 85 fms., off Cape
Florida, by the U. 8. Fish Commission.

Cardium ceramidum, DAtt (I. p. 269). This species should be compared
with C. antillarum Orbigny.

Meiocardia Agassizii, Datu (I. p. 271). This species is figured on
Plate XL. Fig. 7, and in Agassiz, Three Cruises of the Blake, II., p. 74, fig. 311,
1888.

Callocardia (Vesicomya) venusta, Dau (I. p. 274). This species is fig-
ured on Plate XL. Fig. 5, and in Agassiz, Three Cruises of the Blake, IT. p. 75,
fig. 312, 1888. Isocardia cytherioides Mayer, Journ de Conchyl., XVI. p. 103,
pl. iii. fig. 6, from the Lower Helvetian beds of Northern Italy, belonging to
the Upper Tertiary, is probably a Vesicomya, judging by the figure. Another
fine species of Vesicomya was obtained on the voyage of the Albatross, off
Tobago, in 880 fms., ooze. It is very nearly the form and color of Cytherea
albida, and reaches a length of an inch (25.0 mm.) or more. In this, which
will be described under the name of Vesicomya Smithii, in honor of Mr. E. A.
Smith of the British Museum, the teeth are closely like those of V. venusta,
but more developed, the shell being larger and stouter. The pallial line is

440 BULLETIN OF THE

very faintly waved or truncate under the posterior adductor scar, and there is
an incised line about the rather small lunule, as in the other species. Unfortu-
nately the soft parts were not obtained. .

A more interesting capture at the same haul of the dredge was a shell with
the hinge of the original Callocardia, no distinct incised border to the lunule,
and a deep acutely angular pallial sinus; this will form a section of the genus
under the name of Callogonia. The species attains a length of two inches,
having about the form of Tapes turgida Lam. as figured in the Thesaurus, and
the exterior of the same dull straw-color, marked only by incremental lines,
which characterizes the other species of Callocardiw described in this paper.
It will be named, in honor of Prof. L. A. Lee, directing the scientific work of
the Albatross party, Callocardia (Callogonia) Leeana, It is remarkable that
four species of this extremely rare group, and one of the still rarer genus
Meiocardia, should have been found in so limited an area, and with little time
expended in dredging.

Veneriglossa (1. p. 275). The genus Atopodonta Cossman, 1887, (Mem.
Soc. Roy. Mal. de Belgique, XXI. p. 110, type Venus coniformis Deshayes,
op. cit., p. 111, pl. vi. figs. 3-6), appears to be identical with this group, if the
figures of the type are to be relied upon.

Tellina (I. p. 277). Tellina Antoni Phil. and T. squamifera Desh. extend
northward in moderate depths to the vicinity of Cape Hatteras, N.C. A
single valve of TJ’. sybaritica Dall has since been received from Florida, It
is pure white. It extends to Brazil. T. tenta Say appears to reach the
Antilles, where it is known as T. Souleyetiana Recluz.

Poromya elongata Datu (I. p. 283). This species was figured by Agassiz,
Three Cruises of the Blake, Vol. II. p. 72, fig. 302, 1888. <A figure is given
herewith, Plate XX XIX. fig. 3. It belongs to the section Cetomya.

Poromya (Cetoconcha) bulla Datu (I. p. 283). This species was also
figured by Prof. Agassiz, II. p. 72, figs. 300, 301, 1888, and is here shown on
Plate XX XIX. figs. 2 and 5.

Verticordia perversa Datu (I. p. 289). This species is figured on Plate
XXXIX. fig. 4. Prof. Agassiz figured it, I]. p. 74, fig. 309, 1888.

Verticordia elegantissima Datu (I. p. 291). An adult specimen of this
species is figured on Plate XX XIX. fig. 7, and was illustrated on p. 74, fig. 308,
of the second volume of Prof. Agassiz’s work.

Cuspidaria microrhina Datu (I. p. 295). This species is figured on Plate
XL. figs. 2 and 3. It was figured by Prof. Agassiz, II. pp. 73, 74, figs. 306,
307, 1888.

Bushia elegans Datu (I. p. 310). This species is figured on Plate XX XIX.
fig. 1. It will also be found in Prof. Agassiz’s work above cited, II. p. 74,
fig. 310, 1888,

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 44]

The Anatomical Characters of Poromya (I. p. 280), Verticordia (1.
pp. 285, 286), Cuspidaria (I. pp. 293, 303), Myonera (I. p. 303), and re-
lated Forms. — In 1886 I called attention to certain remarkable features in the
anatomy of the above mentioned forms, among which were the facts that the
foot is set in a socket or chamber, like a stopper in a bottle, that in Cuspidaria
and Myonera gills in anything like the normal form of such organs are entirely
absent, while in Poromya and a group which I distinguished as Cetoconcha
there are gill lamella of a very primitive type sparsely distributed on the
ventral surface of the septum which forms the floor of the upper half of
the peripedal chamber. In accordance with these investigations I modified the
classification of these animals, establishing three families for their reception.
Part of my material was in a rather poor condition, having been partially des-
iccated either before or after it had first been placed in alcohol, and that part,
especially in the Cuspidartide, which was in good condition was represented
by very minute specimens. Since then, two years after the publication of
my Report on the Pelecypods of the Blake Expedition, Dr. Paul Pelseneer of
Brussels has published in the Comptes Rendus of the Acadamy of Sciences,
Paris,* and in a brief Report on the Anatomy of the Deep Sea Mollusca, in the
Challenger series, t some important observations on animals of the same groups.
To the facts brought forward by me, which were for the most part abundantly
confirmed, and the classification above referred to consequently adopted, he
was enabled, by the better character of his material, to add that the two halves
of the peripedal chamber correspond to the anal and branchial, or excurrent
and incurrent siphons, respectively; and that in the septum, beside the opening
in which the foot is set, there is a series of minute openings on each side of the
median line, which in Poromya are situated between the lamellz of the rudi-
mentary gills, and in Silenia Smith (non Mulsant, = Cetoconcha Dall) the
lamella themselves have a subtubular form. He also determined the existence,
in certain species of Cuspidaria, of minute rudimentary palpi, which the con-
dition of my specimens had not allowed me to observe, if present. In addition
to this he provided diagrammatic figures, which, if they cannot be said to illus-
trate with detailed anatomical accuracy the animals represented, at least enable
one to clearly understand what was present in his mind. We are therefore
under considerable obligations to Dr. Pelseneer, who has materially increased
our knowledge, and the fact that he has, as far as was possible, omitted refer-
ence to my prior observations and their publication in Part I. of this Report,
does not render his confirmation of them less useful.

However, in reviewing the subject with additional and well preserved mate-
rial collected by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross in the West
Indies, and on her voyage thence to California, I am enabled to add to and
correct the data of the earlier part of this Report, and to advance the subject
beyond the point which it has hitherto reached. I hope also, that, in the con-
clusions which I draw from these observations, the relations of the forms in

* Séance of April 3, 1888.
+ Vol. XX VII. Part LXXIV., 42 pp., 4 plates, 1888.

442 BULLETIN OF THE

question to Pelecypods of a more ordinary type will be a little more clear than
they were left by the light of some of Dr. Pelseneer’s transcendental hypotheses.

Before discussing matters of theory, the observed facts will be briefly stated.

True Ctenidial Septa in Pelecypods. — There are a large number of acephalous
mollusks, not necessarily nearly related, in which a true branchial septum
exists. In a young Perna, supposed to be P. ephippium L., the inner edges of
the ctenidia are united to each other their whole length, behind the foot. The
outer edges are attached to the mantle or visceral epiderm, so as to form a
complete chamber like that of Cuspidaria, but of which the derivation is radi-
cally different. In Modiolarca trapesina Lam., from Cape Horn, the ctenidia,
from below the anal siphonal orifice to and around the foot, are united as in
Perna. The chamber thus constituted is crammed with the young fry at the
proper season. In Lyonsia Beana Orb., the united ctenidia are attached above
the rudimentary siphonal septum, and extend forward to and around the foot.
They are attached to each other and to the mantle or to the ventral surface of
the visceral mass by their edges, and form a most complete chamber, a true
ctenidial septum. ‘There are, however, no orifices in this or in any of the
species with a strictly ctenidial septum, corresponding to the septal perforations
in Poromya or Cuspidaria.

In Lyonsiella radiata Dall, a large new species from Patagonia, we have a
similar state of affairs, except that the anterior inner edges of the gill are not
so closely united around the foot. The part played by the siphonal septum in
this species is insignificant; it is in fact hardly perceptible. The infolding of
the mantle edge around the siphon is very wide; its outer edge is nearly plain;
within this edge a short distance, is an elevated ridge with a single row of
small rounded ocellus-like tubercles on each side of it. A wide space separates
this range of processes from the margin of the branchial orifice, which is pro-
fusely papillose with arborescent papille. A lunate depression lies between
this and the much smaller, plain-edged, nearly linear anal orifice, while in
front of it the pedal opening forms a minute narrow slit, with granulated mar-
gin. In this form the palps are represented by a slightly raised edge around
the mouth, not produced or elongated at the sides. A languette or curtain
valve hangs behind the branchial orifice below the narrow septum.

True Siphonal Septa in Pelecypods.— A partial siphonal septum is common
among Pelecypods, especially short-siphoned forms, where the internal septum
may, to a certain extent, make up for the absence of the long and complete
division between the passages in those forms with long siphons. The septum
is usually a mere subtriangular thin membranous shelf, the posterior extension
of the tissues which separate the two siphons, while from near its lateral cor-
ners radiate the muscles which in those forms with a pallial sinus serve to
retract the siphons. Below it is the more fleshy languette or curtain valve
which closes the incurrent siphonal opening when required. Among those
forms in which we may find the septum especially well developed are the
different groups of the old genus Cardium. In C. edule a short septum is
present, and is figured by Deshayes (Moll. Algerie, pl. xcvii. fig. 6), in which

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 443

an opening appears above and behind the valvular languette. I suspect this
to be due to lesion, as I have not found such an opening in any of the species
of Cardium I have examined. In another species, C. hians (op. cit., pl. xevi.
fig. 2), the septum is considerably extended forward. A beautiful new species
of the subgenus Lophocardium, from the coast of Lower California, has the
ordinary gills of Cardium well developed, with their posterior anchorage above
and near the siphonal septum at its origin. The thin, slightly fibrous, but no-
where fleshy septum, extends forward to the foot and on each side of it. In
this case there is no orifice above the languette, or elsewhere in the partition.
Doubtless an exhaustive search would find many other groups in which certain
members exhibit a siphonal septum, more or less completely dividing the peri-
pedal chamber. Until the character has become more particularly specialized
and permanently established, it is evident it can have but a minor value as a
guide to the systematist, or a test of his classification.

In those forms in which the retractor muscles of the siphons radiate in a
vertical plane to the shell, forming a “pallial sinus” (e. g. Poromya mac-
trovdes), the siphonal septum, whether large or small, is membranous; in those
without a sinus (e. g. P. granulate), it is more or less muscular.

CUSPIDARIIDHE. Cuspidaria patagonica Smith. A fine specimen of this
species, measuring 44.0 mm. in length, and 14.0 mm. in transverse diameter
was dredged in about 400 fms., off Manta, Peru; other specimens were found
in dredgings from the whole eastern coast of South America, the western coast
of that continent, and northward as far as Lower California. The larger
specimen afforded the following notes.

The siphonal septum, by which name I shall refer to the dividing septum
of the peripedal chamber, extends forward from the proximal end of the
siphons to the anterior adductor. It is divisible into three areas, a longi-
tudinal central muscular area occupying about two thirds of the whole septum,
and on each side a less muscular thin and tense membranous strip, which is
connected with the inside of the valves and leaves the imprint on the shell
which would ordinarily be taken for the outline of the “pallial sinus.” The
central muscular area is attached by a bundle of muscular fibres above each
adductor on each side of the median line. All four points of attachment
leave weil marked scars on the shell. I shall show hereafter that these
muscles, if not homologous with, at least perform the functions of, the siphonal
retractors of ordinary Pelecypods, and in forms like Poromya mactroides, where
the usual retractors are present, the siphonal septum is destitute of muscn-
larity, or possesses it only to an inferior degree. The posterior septal muscles
are smaller and rounder in section, more vertical in direction, and more widely
separated from each other, than the anterior pair. The latter are narrow and
elongated on their surface of insertion, and but for the separation of the valves
would nearly touch in the median line. The principal body of fibres on the
plane of the septum is longitudinally arranged, another series crosses the
septum in an arched manner toward its extremities, especially behind, while
there are indications of still smaller series of mere or less radiating fibres
knitting the whole fabric together and to the shell.

444 BULLETIN OF THE

The siphonal septum in this species divides the cavity of the shell unequally,
the upper portion being smaller than the lower. In the upper, sustained
especially by a median fibrous mesenteric band, is suspended the visceral sac.
Viewed from above, it is subcordate in profile; from the side it seems acutely
ovoid. It occupies, as contracted by alcohol, about half the cavity above the
septum. The valve of the anal siphon is represented above the septum by a
thin vertical wall of membrane pierced by a relatively small simple central
orifice. The valve of the branchial siphon below the septum is composed of
three rather thickish processes; one, hanging vertically, is short, wide, and rep-
resents the languette in Cardium; the lateral processes are somewhat longer
and obliquely set, the whole forming a large subtriangular opening with three
partially overlapping curtains. Passing backward on the ventral surface of
the septum, aside from the streakiness due to the fibrous coarse muscular tissue,
there is a distinct narrow median depression behind the foot, except just be-
hind the edge of the foot, where the surface in all the forms with a muscular
septum is elevated like a wave rising about a solitary rock. The foot is
slender, elongated, slightly geniculate, with a small byssal groove behind.
Immediately in front of it the surface is depressed about the small and in-
conspicuous mouth. Here the anterior palps are almost wanting, but the
posterior, though abnormally small, are elevated above the surface and strongly
transversely striate. In front of the palps is a strong ridge of tissue, behind
the anterior commissure of the lobes of the mantle. Here a narrow horny
or chitinous gusset strengthens the cominissure, above which is a sort of
pocket or shallow indentation, above which the external margin of the mantle
finally joins. The gusset is narrow, concave in the middle, with its ends
spatuliform, and shows brown through the white tissues, like the jaw of a
Gastropod.

If the surface of the septum near the foot be closely scrutinized, there will
be seen on each side four slight prominences. The anterior pair are on each
side of the mouth, the second and third pairs by the sides of the foot, the
fourth behind the foot, all situated in the thickest part of the muscular por-
tion of the septum. The posterior pair have two lips, the others three, to each
prominence, and on gentle pressure with a fine probe it will be found that a
small circular orifice passes somewhat obliquely through the septum and com-
municates with the upper chamber.

These passages are not always complete, however, for by means of careful
sectionizing I found the third pair imperforate in a fairly grown specimen of
C. rostrata, while in several young specimens the two posterior pairs seemed
imperforate. In a specimen of C. arctica var. glacialis I found five orifices on
each side, showing that the number is not invariable.

The lips to these orifices are not prominent, much less so, indeed, than in
Cetoconcha or Poromya. The office of a gill must, therefore, as suggested in
the first part of this Report (p. 303), be performed by the surface of the sep-
tum, or by the lobes of the mantle. This is a very different view from Dr.
Pelseneer’s idea that the septum is itself homologous with the ordinary gills
of Pelecypods.

‘ MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 445

By cutting the lobes of the mantle away, and carefully turning back the
septum as a whole, extracting the foot from its socket, we see the simple
oblique upper ends of the septal orifices, What can their office be? I suppose
that they serve to admit fresh water to the upper chamber, which I believe to
be utilized in some, if not all, instances as a marsupium. It is probable that,
by suitable muscular contractions, the septum will operate somewhat like the
washer of a pump-valve, and that the upper chamber can be filled or emptied
of its contained water at will.

I believe the septum in Cuspidaria to be homologous with the ordinary
siphonal septum, only more prolonged; and that its muscular tissue is the
equivalent of the siphonal retractors of ordinary Pelecypods. Ido not regard
it as in any manner homologous with the normal ctenidia.

Myonera paucistriata (I. pp. 302, 303). To the description of the soft parts
of this extremely fragile and delicate form already published, several points can
be added from the examination of a fresh specimen recently received. The
only correction to the original description relates to the opening of the anal
siphon, which is a minute circular orifice in a delicate membranous area which
in life probably projects in a dome-like manner, but in alcohol appears tense
and flat. The opening is into the upper portion of the peripedal chamber, of
course, as in the other species. That which I took for the anal opening in the
first specimen examined was an accidental lesion, while the true anal opening
from its minuteness was overlooked.

The mouth, as stated in 1886, is a simple opening without palpi. The latter
are represented, if at all, by a delicate slightly elevated ring of tissue which
surrounds the circular mouth. The absence of gill lamine is fully confirmed.
The septal orifices on the ventral surface are hardly observable without the
closest scrutiny, though easily visible on the dorsal surface of the septum.
There are eight, as in the Cuspidaria patagonica, and their lips, slightly elevated,
usually appear triple, so as to give a triangular aspect to their junction. When
sounded by a delicate probe they appear subtubular.

The muscular tissue of the septum is concentrated in two bunches of coarse
fibre-bundles, which radiate from the posterior outer corners of the septum,
suggesting that the fibres, usually devoted to retracting in a nearly vertical
plane the siphons toward their angular insertion (pallial sinus) on the shell,
are here spread in a horizontal plane. Beside the fasciole of fibres at the
corners, there is a loosely arranged central bundle behind the foot, while the
rest of the septum is more thin and fibrous, and the vertical roots of the septal
muscles far less strong and prominent in proportion, than in Cuspidaria. The
arrangement of the fibres of the muscular tissue is singularly loose, and in the
central area irregular, — quite different from the solid tissue of the septum in
Verticordia, or the compact bands observable in Cuspidaria.

The most noticeable feature in this specimen was the condition of the
ovaries. These ramified over the posterior part of the visceral mass, terminat-
ing in bifurcatel or trifurcated sacs, largest at their distal extremity, and some-
what fig-shaped. These were crammed with ova and projected from the

446 BULLETIN OF THE

surface of the visceral mass into the upper chamber above the septum. All
were turgid; some had already burst, and partly discharged their contents into
the chamber; others seemed on the point of doing so; the alcohol had coagu-
lated the escaping ova in situ, in the most perfect manner, the whole process
thus being displayed. It is probable, as suggested by me in 1886, that the
chamber serves to some extent as a marsupium or shelter for the ova and
young, and that they are not discharged into the surrounding element at once.
This is undoubtedly the case in Modiolarca.

VERTICORDIIDA. V. acuticostata (I. p. 285). Another specimen, and a re-
examination of the one reported on in 1886, confirm the description then
given. There are no palpi, the anterior pair are wholly unrepresented, the
posterior or lower pair may be represented by two small rounded hardly
elevated tubercles between the mouth and the anterior ends of the gills. The
foot is relatively extremely large, round, and stopper-like. The gills in the
second specimen are clearly adnate, as in Pelseneer’s figure of Lyonsiella papy-
racea Smith (pl. iii. fig. 1), except that they are underlaid by the solid
fleshy siphonal septum, and do not as in Lyonsiella serve to supplement that
septum. They are proportionately very much smaller, hardly reaching behind
the middle of the foot. I suspect that the free end of the gill in my first
specimen was separated by a lesion, and is not normal, but that the gill is
always adnate in the adult condition.

The septum is thick and fleshy, quite destitute of perforations or orifices
except that in which the foot stands.

Verticordia tornata Jeffreys, by an accident, was not struck out of the list of
Verticordie (1. p. 286) after I had determined it to belong to Poromya
(I. p. 281).

The balance of characters will perhaps carry Mytilimeria and Lyonsiella to
the Anatinide, or a family by themselves, rather than to the Verticordide,
where I placed them. But they are transitional in their relations, and in
spite of the relations between the form of the gills in Lyonsiella and Lyonsia
I am still inclined to think the former almost equally close to Verticordia.
The discrepancy noted by Pelseneer arises from the fact, that, instead of com-
paring Lyonsiella with a genuine Verticordia like acuticostata, as I did, he
compares it with a species of Poromya, which is, of course, a very different
thing.

Poromyip@ (I. p. 280). In 1886 I separated from Poromya the forms
which, when adult, have the hinge teeth obsolete, under the name of Ceto-
concha. This group included not merely those with a double posterior row of
modified septal orifices on each side, such as C. bulla, the type, and C. mar-
garita, but also certain species of Poromya, in which the hinge teeth are feeble
or obsolete in the adult, while in the typical Poromya they continue strong.
I called attention to the fact that the soft parts of these species did not differ
essentially from Poromya (I. p. 280), but hardly felt justified in separating
them from the typical Cetoconche. It is probable that it would be better for
them to form a section of Poromya, which may ke called Cetomya ; while the

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 447

typical Celoconcha may perhaps be generically separated from Poromya. The
group in question was named Si/enia by Mr. E. A. Smith, in his Report on
the Challenger Lamellibranchs, but that name had already been used in zo6-
logical nomenclature, and so was preoccupied. The observations of Pelseneer
on the anatomy of Silenia leave no room for doubt that it is identical with
Cetoconcha, as represented by its type and by C. margarita, Now that wider
research has shown more clearly the characters of Poromya and Cetoconcha,
the attempt of 1886 to diagnose both forms in a single definition seems con-
fused, but with this explanation it should be clear enough that the facts were
observed and recorded in members of each group, and that the apparent con-
fusion in the diagnosis resulted from a feeling of conservatism in the matter
of subdividing genera; a proceeding which has, of late years, on some occasions
been so shamefully abused.

The researches of the U. 8. Fish Commission have added some most inter-
esting and peculiar species of this family, which will be more fully described
and figured in the Report on the Voyage of the Albatross, now in preparation.

Cetoconcha bulla Dall (I. p. 283). The description of 1886 merely requires
the addition of the statement that the lamellae described are subtubular, and
form the lips to the septal orifices. In using the term “ventral surface,” for
the under side of the septum and “body cavity,” the reader will not be misled
into the supposition that the visceral mass was the “body” intended; for,
though the words may have been ill chosen, the relations of the visceral mass
were clearly stated, although the very important relation of the upper chamber
to the anal siphon was not understood at the time.

There is in this species a distinct bunching of the muscular fibres at the
posterior outer corners of the septum, from which points they extend in a
somewhat radiating manner. The soft parts, though more rotund, and with
a different number of septal orifices, resemble sufficiently those of Cetoconcha
Sarsit Smith, as diagrammatized by Pelseneer. For each orifice two lamelle
are usually counted in the Report of 1886, as the lips of the septal orifices
generally appear paired and arched, forming a segment of a circle. In C. bulla,
in the anterior series there are five orifices on each side; the inner posterior
series have three to five, and the outer posterior series two, or possibly three
orifices each. The number of posterior orifices is not the same in the two
specimens of C. bulla examined.

In none of the specimens of Cetoconcha examined by me were the inner
ends of the four posterior series so widely separated as in Pelseneer’s figure 9,
of Silenia Sarsii. They always seemed closer together, and more evidently
radiating from a central elevation on the septum behind the foot. But too
much stress must not be laid on the discrepancies of these diagrams, which
are not, and do not appear to be intended for, exact and complete portraits.
In this species a trace of the lateral arrangement of the siphonal muscles re-
mains, while, compared with Cuspidaria, the septal muscles are still in a
transitional state.

Cetomya elongata Dall (1. p. 283). In the single specimen of this form, the

448 BULLETIN OF THE

branchial areas are composed of lamellew, between which at their bases are
narrow fissures bridged longitudinally by slender fibres which act as regulators.
In this species the two areas are similar, and resemble those of Cetomya tornata
Jeffreys, as figured by Pelseneer.

In Poromya sublevis Verrill, dredged by the Albatross, in 1685 fms., off
Chesapeake Bay, by carefully dissecting away the septum, which presented
much the same appearance as that of P. granulata in Pelseneer’s diagram
(op. cit., pl. iil. fig. 7), several interesting facts were disclosed. The posterior
lamellae were not separated, by fissures at their base. This seemed evident on
an external view, but was made more certain by an inspection of the upper
surface of the septum, where these openings, when they exist, are always con-
spicuous. The anterior areas were fissured, especially near the foot, but less
so behind, so that when I first examined this species, taking the extreme deli-
cacy of the membranes into account, and the apparently imperforate character
of the posterior areas, I suspected that the fissures were due to tearing or in-
cautious probing. A reversal of the septum, and an examination of other
species showed, however, that there are variations in this respect, and that
Pelseneer had correctly described the conditions which exist in some of them.
An interesting feature disclosed by the examination of the septum under trans-
mitted light was, that the blood-vessels which supply the branchial lamelle
appear to reach them from behind, a separate vessel starting from the vicinity
of the siphons, and running a somewhat irregular course to each of the lamellar
areas on each side. There seemed to be no continuation of these vessels an-
teriorly in front of the areas which they serve, The ovisacs are not lobulated,
as in Myonera, but more evenly spread over the posterior surface of the visce-
ral mass. The ripest eggs were large and conspicuous. There was no evidence
of their extrusion through the covering of the visceral mass, as in Myonera,
though this may take place later.

Cetomya albida (1. p. 282). In young specimens of this and other species,
the membranes of the septum, etc. are extremely delicate. The use of too
concentrated hardening agents, or the incautious touch of a probe, will produce
lesions which may be indistinguishable from normal fissures. To make sure
that nothing of this sort shall happen, it is necessary to float the soft parts in
a cup of water, and turn them about with delicate forceps. This is not con-
venient in all respects for observation, but with time and patience the charac-
ters may be made out.

Young specimens of this species show the lamellar areas as usual, with the
depressions above them in the floor of the upper chamber, but the fissures are
not open; a fact which leads me to believe that they appear only with matu-
rity. A very delicate membrane seems to hold the distal margins of the
lamellz together, so that a delicate probe passes over without separating them.
It was only after long experimentation and study of the specimens that I be-
came convinced that this is the case, although there is no inherent improba-
bility that it should be so,

Poromya (Dermatomya) mactroides n.s. This fine species differs from the

May 20, 1889.

Ae

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 449

typical form of the genus in the absence of the superficial granulations, and in
the presence of a deep and strong pallial sinus, which characters indicate that
it should form a special section of the group. The hinge is also remarkably
coarse and strong. It was dredged by the Albatross off the coast of Ecuador,
in 741 fms., and externally presents much the appearance of a large high speci-
men of Mactra lateralis.

In the type of Poromya the pallial sinus is almost obsolete; its retractor
muscles are either mainly incorporated in the septum, the muscular contrac-
tions of which serve to move the siphons, or they are replaced by the septal
muscles. In the present species, however, there is a large and strong pallial
sinus with its usual muscles, and the septum is consequently only very slightly
furnished with muscular fibres, and does not serve to retract the siphons.
The valve to the branchial siphon is large, and the palps are enormous. The
anterior edges of the anterior palps are notched or papillose toward the median
line, a condition not observed in the other species. The foot is pointed and
slightly geniculate. There are seven anterior, and eight or nine posterior
gill lamella; the two areas are rather narrow, and their ends closely approach
one another near the middle of the foot on each side. In front of the ridge
which precedes the large branchial valve, and between it and the foot, are
four or five quite prominent elevations of the surface closely resembling the
branchial lamelle, but with their length in the axial direction of the animal.
There are no fissures between these, but they seem very like branchial lamelle
in process of development. Both the longitudinal branchial areas on each
side are fissured, and their blood-vessels reach them from behind.

General Considerations on the Nature of the Septum in Poromyide and Cuspi-
dariide. — The facts above stated indicate that the septum in these groups is
essentially a prolongation forward, and a specialization of the ordinary si-
phonal septum. The septum, as pointed out in Curdiuwm, may be so prolonged,
while the normal gills are fully developed and unconnected with it. In Ver-
ticordia it may be so prolonged, and may have acquired a conspicuously fleshy
texture, without fissures, while the gills lie prone upon it, more or less adnate.
The muscular apparatus by which the siphons are retracted, and whose normal
points of origin are at the side of the ordinary septum, appear to be shifted
to its surface; different species show this process in different stages of pro-
gress, and in the only case among the Poromyas where the fibres follow the
normal direction in other Pelecypods, the septum is destitute of the muscular
structure which is so prominent in the other Poromyas. In the specialization
of the septum the musculation develops from behind; when branchial laminz
are situated upon the septum, and are not simply the ordinary ctenidia in an
adnate condition, the addition of a second series is made at the posterior end,
and all the branchial areas appear to receive their blood supply from behind.

There is not a particle of evidence to prove that the septal branchial lamelle
of Poromya and Cetoconcha are homologous with the ctenidia of Verticordia,
Lyonsiella, Perna, or Cardium. The fact that Cuspidaria has neither ctenidia
nor any specialized laminz on the septum lends probability to the assumption

VOL, XVIII. 29

450 BULLETIN OF THE

that the two series represent a parallel among these Pelecypods to the ctenidia
and the peripedal lamine in Acmea, Scurria, and Patella, among the Docoglossa.
That is, that the septal lamine are a new and special development, which func-
tionally replace, but are not homologous with, the original ctenidia. If this
view is doubted, the burden of proof lies upon those who call it in question.

It may be asked whether any hypothesis can be suggested by which this
peculiar specialization may be accounted for. The law of economy in de-
velopment, which calls for the maximum of function with the minimum
expenditure of tissue, and the other rule, which associates with greatest vigor
of life the most successful oxygenation of the blood, together with the obvious
benefits to be derived from temporary protection of the newly hatched larve,
will enable us to suggest an answer.

The prolongation forward of the siphonal septum, especially in forms with
short siphons, like Poromya and Lyonsiella, will evidently promote successful
aeration of the blood by cutting off from the branchial chamber the water of
the anal chamber, fouled more or less by the effete products discharged into it.
A certain amount of fibrous tissue must be developed to form this septum. It
is clear that an economy of tissue would result from the transfer of retractorial
functions to the septum and the obsolescence of the lateral retractile muscula-
ture. <A further economy would result from the utilization of this large sheet
of tissue for branchial purposes, and a diminution of the tissue previously ex-
pended in the mass of the ctenidia. The habit of the larve, so common among
Pelecypods, of nestling for safety in the branchial folds, would lead directly to
the utilization of the chamber as a refuge. But a close chamber such as we see
in Verticordia would, from the less pure character of its contained sea-water,
be less favorable than one into which the water could be more freely admitted
by any means which would not imply an admixture of the foul water with
that of the branchial chamber below. A system of orifices like those of
Myonera would accomplish this. A subsequent development of the muscular
tissue of the septum, so that it could operate somewhat after the fashion of a
pump and voluntarily frequently renew the water in the anal chamber, would
obviously be beneficial. By the effect of stimulation, the margins of the
orifices thus subjected to repeated strong currents of fresh water would be
likely to undergo a specialization of respiratory functions as compared with the
rest of the surface of the septum, which would result in something like the
tubular gills of Cetoconcha, or the lamelle of Poromya.

The reciprocal diminution of the ctenidia and increase of the area of the

siphonal septum are illustrated by such a series as Lyonsia, Lyonsiella, and -

Verticordia, all of which possess true ctenidia.

The gradual specialization for branchial purposes of the septum after the
extirpation of the ctenidia would be illustrated by the series from Myonera
and Cuspidaria to Cetoconcha and Poromya.

While the above chain of hypothesis harmonizes with the observed facts in
a satisfactory manner, it is stated merely as a possible hypothetical explanation,
and not as a theory to which the writer must stand permanently committed.

~~ oe

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 451

General Summary. — Premising that in this article the word clenidium is
employed to designate the normal typical gill of Pelecypods, in any of its
modifications, as opposed to temporary or local branchial organs of different
origin, the facts just reviewed may be briefly summarized.

1. In many groups of Pelecypods the ctenidia are more or less united be-
hind the foot, so as to divide the peripedal chamber into an upper, or anal, and
a lower, or branchial portion. In these cases (Perna, Modiolarca, for example)
there is no important modification of the structure of the gills, and the septum
is truly branchial in character, and the siphonal septum takes no part in the
formation of the partition.

2. In other forms, the siphonal septum is extended forward to form a
partition, either (A) unmodified (Cardium); (B) thickened without orifices
(Verticordia); (C) assuming a retractile function (Cuspidaria) with orifices;
(D) only partially retractile (Dermatomya) with single lateral series of orifices;
or (E) with an incomplete double lateral series of orifices (Cetoconcha). In
these cases the breathing organs may be (A) unmodified ctenidia, (B) depau-
perated adnate ctenidia, (C) the general surface of the septum without ctenidia
or specialized lamella, (D) with only specialized flat lamella, or (E) with spe-
cialized subtubular proliferations. In these cases the structure of the septum
appears to be wholly independent of the ctenidia, though in Verticordia they
are adnate upon its surface.

3. There is one form (Lyonsiella abyssicola) in which the siphonal septum
and the ctenidia are stated to be mutually attached, so that the septum may be
said to be of a compound formation, though in another species of the same
genus (ZL. radiata) the septum is of the kind described in paragraph 1.

4, The orifices in the septum of Poromya seem to be closed, or partly closed,
in youth, and open with the attainment of sexual maturity.

5. The anal chamber, as indicated in 1886, seems to fill the office of a
marsupium.

6. The tissues of the septum may therefore be derived from structures di-
verse in their origin, in some cases ctenidial and anterior, in others siphonal
and posterior.

7. Finally, from these facts it is evident that Dr. Pelseneer’s assumption,
that the septum is essentially ctenidial in its origin, is unwarranted, and his
group Septibranchia, as defined by him, is founded on an error of observation.
While as a group-name it may be used to indicate features of structure whose
origin he misunderstood, yet, from the purely adaptive nature of these features
and their variations in forms otherwise closely related, the name has no claims
for adoption either in a strictly genealogical or an eclectic system of classifica-
tion. It may be added, that the “proof” that Poromya and Silenia (= Ceto-
concha) are more nearly related to each other than to Cuspidaria, which
Dr. Pelseneer claims to be his work (op. cit., p. 25), had been published by me
more than two years previous to the appearance of his paper, and exemplified
in the classification I then proposed; a classification which nothing since pub-
lished has pretended in any way essentially to modify. This classification,

452 BULLETIN OF THE

augmented by the new discoveries of the past three years, may be expressed in
brief as follows: —

Family Cuspidariide: abranchiate, siphoseptate, septum foraminate.

Genus Cuspidaria (etc.) with long siphons; oral palpi obsolete.

Genus Myonera, short siphons; oral palpi absent.

Family Poromyide : septibranchiate, siphoseptate.

Genus Poromya: teeth strong; oral palpi large; foramina of septum slit-like,
between the close-set lamella, arranged in two interrupted longitudinal
series; pallial sinus obsolete; surface of shell granular.

Subgenus Dermatomya: shell not granular; pallial sinus developed; hinge
strong.

Subgenus Cetomya: shell granulous; pallial sinus obsolete; hinge teeth
obsolete in the adult.

Genus Cetoconcha: hinge teeth obsolete in the adult; pallial sinus obsolete;
siphoseptum foraminate, the foramina arranged in four longitudinal
series, solitary, the subtubular lips filling the office of gills.

Family Verticordiide : siphoseptate with small adnate ctenidia; oral palpi
almost obsolete; septum imperforate.

Lyonsia and probably Lyonsiella may be called branchioseptate, and should
be referred elsewhere.

ADDENDA TO PART IL

Intra-capsular Development of the Shell in Scaphella (II. p. 149, 7 3).
After this suggestion had been some time printed, I received from the collec-
tions of the Albatross on her voyage from Chesapeake Bay to California, some
ovicapsules of Scaphella magellanica from the coast of Patagonia.

These ovicapsules are circular, about an inch (25.0 mm.) in diameter, with
a flat base attached to dead Pectens; the upper part consists of a rounded
dome, rather more lenticular than hemispherical, but varying somewhat in
different specimens. It is exactly like the ovicapsule of Volutopsis from
Alaska, externally, and, like that, contains two to four surviving larval shells.
These remain in the capsule until they have three or four shelly whorls. The
apical point is acutely conical, slightly twisted, and in the youngest specimens
(two-whorled) still retains some shreds of the extremely fragile membranous
protoconch adhering to the first whorl. As suggested by me from a study of
the nuclei of Aurinia, the pillar of the protoconch and the apical spur of the
larval shell coincide. The shape of the protoconch could not be ascertained,
but its aperture was probably oval, from its traces left on the shelly surface.
The apex is at first very sharp, but it loses substance even in the ovicapsule,
and three-whorled specimens had it quite blunted, while shells escaped from

ee ee

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 453

the capsule at all stages show usually a mammillary tip. The largest larva
obtained, though it had just begun to make part of the shell showing color-
pattern, was still without cephalic tentacles, eyes, or siphonal appendages. It
had no trace of an operculum or epipodium. The shell showed two plaits on
the columella. The confirmation of the existence of the suspected protoconch
is particularly gratifying. The larval characters emphasize the differences
between Voluta proper and Scaphella, and leave no doubt of the propriety of

their generic separation. The turbinate shelly peculiarly sculptured larval

shell of Voluta is entirely different from anything we find in Scaphella,

Vermicularia lumbricalis Linn (p. 261). For those who doubt this
being the original V. lumbricalis of Lamarck, the “ Vermet” of Adanson, it
may be noted that the American form has been named V,. spiratus by Philippi
(1836), and V. radicula by Stimpson (1851), while the Adansonian shell, on
the ground that it is not the Serpula lumbricalis of Linné, has received. the
name of Adansonii from Hanley.

Nudibranchiata. Dr. Bergh, who is preparing a special report on this
group from the material collected by the Blake, informs me that seven species
are represented, as follows : —

Tethys leporina Linné (var.).
Chromodoris sycilla Bergh.
Chromodoris punctilucens Bergh.
Chromodoris scabriuscula Bergh.
Nembrotha grativsa Bergh.
Phlegmodoris? anceps Bergh.
Phyllidiopsis papilligera Bergh.

The interesting features of these animals are left for Dr. Bergh to describe;
the list is here included only to complete the number of Gastropods in the
Blake collection.

454 BULLETIN OF THE

SUMMARY.

THE attempt to prepare a summary of bathymetrical data for the deep-sea
fauna of any region yet investigated, is most unsatisfactory in its outcome
from the paucity of data. Most of the species of any collection are represented
by the shells alone, which may have been —as millions are daily — disgorged
by fishes, and never have lived at the depth from which they were dredged.
We are yet ignorant as to whether the abyssal and archibenthal faunze shade
gradually into one another, as seems most probable; or whether there is any
line of depth, coincident with a temperature limit, which really fixes a boun-
dary for the abyssal fauna.

Then, again, the difficulty and time involved in a cast of over one thousand
fathoms are so much greater than if it were made in half that depth, that it is
impossible to say what proportion of the disparity in population between the
archibenthal and abyssal areas, which dredgings seem to indicate, is due to the
fact that the latter have been far less efficiently explored. The only thing of
which I feel confident is that it is yet too early for extensive numerical compari-
sons or deductions based only on statistics. I shall therefore content myself
here with a very modest table, which is intended to illustrate the peculiarities
of the Blake collection, expressly disclaiming any intention of applying the
results to the deep-sea population at large, except “ with all reserves.”

In a general way, I may observe that the results sustain the biographic gen-
eralizations of the Introduction to Part I. There is nothing in that summary
of the conditions of abyssal life which seems, so far, in need of serious modifica-
tion. On the other hand, several of the hypotheses there advanced have received
substantial support from subsequent investigation.

In that preface the littoral zone or area was defined as that part of the sea
bordering on the land not too deep for the existence of marine vegetation; in a
word, about the area included between the dry land and the hundred-fathom
line. Thence to about one thousand fathoms extends the archibenthal area,
beyond which we find the abyssal region.

The Tables relate only to the species which appear in antique type in the
text, thus eliminating most of the forms introduced for purposes of illustration.
I have been assisted in making the enumeration by Mr. Gilbert D. Harris
of the United States Geological Survey. The first Table shows the general
numerical results for the Blake collection, assorted among the great systematic
groups and the three bathymetric zones or areas. The second Table shows the
proportion to the whole population of the abyssal region borne by those
genera which exceed a single species. The result here shown is that less than
thirty-seven per cent of the genera comprise more than sixty-eight per cent of
the species; and out of these, three families, Pleurotomide, Ledide, and Den-

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 455

taliide furnish nearly twenty-eight per cent of the species of the abyssal fauna
collected by the Blake.

TABLE I.

General Numerical Results.

Groups. aces soatlan Species in the Di sense is Abyssal Fauna,
tome | seas aoe | arene, |4teas, Families, Genera,
Brachiopods. . ‘y 13 8 12 3 8 2 2 3
Pelecypods . . 52 | 170 98 | 114 31 64 | 10 15 19
Seaphopods . . 2 35 17 28 12 17 5 1 2
Gastropods . . 119 | 491 | 280 | 222 83 | 161 | 32 29 41
(tel ne 180 | 709 | 403 | 376 | 129 | 250 | 49 47 65

TABLE II.

Genera represented by more than one Species in the Abyssal Area,

J No. of
Genera. Folch Gener. Species.
Mangilia 17 Fluxina . 2
Margarita . 5 Liotia : 2
Pleurotoma 4 Leptothyra. 2
Drillia 3 Cocculina 2
Marginella . 3
Scala . 3 Leda . 5
Calliostoma 3 Limopsis 3
Triforis . 3 Pecten 3
Actzon . 3 Abra . 2
Utriculus 2 Myonera 2
Fusus : 2
Columbella - 2 Dentalium . 8
Benthonella 2 Cadulus . 4

Total, 24 genera and 87 species.

For the naturalist of to-day the most interesting feature of abyssal life is
not that it furnishes him with singular and archaic forms, useful in his study
of extinct genera; nor the beauty and rarity of the creatures living under
such unusual conditions. The most important characteristic of abyssal life is,
that it, and it alone, exhibits a fauna in which reciprocal struggle is nearly
eliminated from the factors inducing variation and modification. There is no
mimicry or sexual selection where all is dark. In the struggle for life of the
abyssal animal, he is pitted against the physical character of his environment,
and not against his neighbor or the rest of the fauna. Hence we should have,
and really do have, the process of evolution less obscured by complications in
the abysses than is possible elsewhere. From a study of these animals in the

456 BULLETIN OF THE

light of their environment, much may be hoped toward the elucidation of
great questions in Biology, and naturalists everywhere should strive to promote
deep-sea dredging as essential to the progress of Science.

The circumstances which lead to the belief in the absence, more or less com-
plete, of competition between the members of the fauna, are not hypothetical,
but admitted facts. The “rain of food” from the sinking of weak or dead
surface forms is unquestionable, and the supply must, in the nature of things
as we know them, far exceed the demand, except in cases where physical factors,
such as currents, intervene to prevent the supplies from reaching the bottom.
It is illustrated by the absence or obsolescence of protective devices in deep-sea
species, without regard to systematic relations. The genus most abundantly
represented of all is Mangilia, which is devoid of an operculum, and the
diminution in size and solidity of this protective appliance is marked in all
the deep-sea gastropods. Nearly all the species are carnivorous by hereditary
tendency; those which are not, like the Trochide@ and Docoglossa, become so by
necessity. Long reflection on the ornamentation of the shell in deep-sea gas-
tropods has led me to the conclusion that the characteristic features may be
accounted for on mechanical principles. The presutural rows of nodules so
characteristic of many abyssal gastropods (as in Daphnella limacina) serve as
buttresses for the strengthening of the fragile and delicate structure which
bears them. Impermeable solidity is something not to be expected in organic
structures subjected to the immense pressures of the depths. Strength must
therefore be sought in corrugations of the thin shelly envelope, — stays and
buttresses of one sort or another. In shallow-water T’rochide the adult outer
lip is never reflected. Strength is secured by the internal thick wall of the shell,
reinforced at the aperture by ridges of nacre. In Turcicula and Gaza of the
depths, we have the margin strengthened by recurvature, as, for other reasons,
we find it in the equally thin land shells like Mesodon, Bulimus, or Cylindrella.
In the Unio and Melania of fresh-water streams, whose waters from the decay
of vegetable matter are overcharged with carbonic acid, we find a dense thin
greenish epidermis developed as a protection against erosion. In the depths,
where every portion of the shell must be permeated by the surrounding ele-
ment to equalize the external pressure, and where carbonic acid exerts its usual
malign influence on the limy parts of all organisms, we find a strikingly
similar protective epidermis developed in most unexpected places. Thus it
comes about, that in the Trochi, Pleurotomide, and other characteristic abyssal
animals, we find those puzzling and remarkable counterparts of land and fresh-
water species of totally diverse groups, which have astonished every student of
the Mollusca who has seen them.

But it is necessary to close these observations, the fruit of more than eight
years’ study of these fascinating organisms. Ido so with the sincere expres-
sion of my appreciation of the kindness and patience with which Prof. Agassiz
has seconded all my endeavors, and with hearty thanks to the numerous friends
and correspondents to whose courtesy and learning much of such value as this
Report may possess is justly due.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 457

INDEX TO PARTS I. AND II.

Names in Italics are those which were first proposed in connection with this Report. When several
page numbers follow a name, the number in Italics distinguishes the page on which the name is de-
fined from those on which it is merely cited. A ‘“y.’? preceding a name indicates that it is only of
varietal rank. An asterisk indicates that on the page so marked data are given in relation to the
anatomical features of the animal named. Family names and those of higher rank are only indexed
when first proposed in this Report.

Abranchiata, IT. 436.* Acmea pustula, IT. 409.

Abra, I. 194, 195, 278 ; IT. 455. rubella, II. 346.
zequalis, I. 279. spectrum, II. 410.*
lioica, I. 195, 278, 279. surinamensis, II. 409.
longicallis, I. 195, 278. Acmeidez, IT. 436.

Acanthochiton, II. 417. Aceetes lupinus, II. 360.

Acanthoidea, II. 414. Acrilla, II. 267, 300.

Acanthopleuride, II. 416. decussata, II. 512.

Acardo, II. 60. Acton, II. 5, 39, 455.

Aciona, ITI. 299, 305, 375. cubensis, II. 40.

Acirsa, II. 300, 308. Cumingii, II. 5, 40.
borealis, II. 307, 308. Danaida, Il. 5, 42.
costulata, II. 307. delicatus, II. 5, 41.

Aclis, II. 28, 282, 324. depressus, II. 40,
egregia, II. 28, 325, 826. exiguus, II. 42.
lata, II. 28, 324. exilis, IT. 5, 39.
‘nucleata, II. 28, 325. Jasciatus, If. 41.
supranitida, II. 324, 325. hebes, II. 41.

Acmea, IT. 342, 343, 345, 346, 409, 410,* incisus, II. 5, 42.

411, 450. melumpoides, II. 5, 41, 42.
albicosta, II. 409. nitidus, II. 39.
antillarum, IT. 343. Noe, II. 40.

Candeana, II. 409, 410. ovulum, II. 41.
confusa, II. 410. perforatus, IL. 5, 42. *
cubaniana, II. 409. punctostriatus, II. 5, 40.
elegans, II. 410. pusillus, II. 5, 39.
leucopleura, IT. 409, splendidulus, IT. 41.
melanoleuca, ITI. 409, 410.* tornatilis, II. 39, 41.
melanosticta, II. 409, 410. turritus, II. 40.
notata, II. 409. Acus, II. 8, 62.*
onychina, II. 409. Acyonea, II. 299.
patina, II. 410.* Acyonée, II. 299.

v. pulcherrima, ITI. 409. Addisonia, II. 30, 348, 344, 349, 350, 408,
punctulata, II. 409. 437.

puncturata, II. 409. eccentros, II. 344.

458 BULLETIN

Addisonia lateralis, IT. 30, 344.*
v. paradoza, II. 344.*

Adeorbis, II. 24, 222, 273, 276, 278, 359,

360.
Beaui, II. 278, 361.
bicarinatum, II. 278.
cancellatus, II. 361.
depressus, II. 298.
fragilis, II. 298.
liratus, II. 278.
naticoides, II. 86].
nautiliformis, II. 3860.
striatus, II. 278.
supranitidus, II. 24, 278, 361.
v. Orbignyi, II. 24, 278.

Admete, II. 181, 182.
nodosa, II. 1381.

A sopus, II. 17, 187, 193, 339.
chrysalloidea, II. 193.
filosus, II. 198.
japonicus, II. 193.
Metcalfei, II. 17, 294.
Stearnsii, IT. 17, 294.

Aforia, II. 10, 99.
circinata, II. 10, 99.
hypomela, II. 10, 99.

Alaba, II. 22, 258.

Adamsii, II. 22, 258.
cerithidioides, II. 22, 258.
melanura, II. 258.
tervaricosa, II. 22, 258.

Alicia, I. 808.

Allerya Krebsii, II. 290.

Alvania, II. 389.

Amea, IT. 500.

Amalthea, II. 26, 283, 289.
antiquata, II. 290.
barbata, IT. 290.
benthophila, 11. 26, 289.
costellata, II. 290.
effodiens, II. 290.
subrufa, II. 290.
tuberculata, II. 290.

Amaura, II. 333, 339.

Amcea, IT. 300.

Amiculide, II. 416.

Amoura, II. 3388, 339.
anguliferens, II. 339.

Amphidesma cancellata, I. 279.
variegata, I. 279.

Amphiperas, II. 20, 234.
aperta, II. 237.
birostris, II. 237.

OF

THE

Amphiperas canadinensis, II. 235.

carolinensis, II. 235, 236.
gibbosus, II. 237.*

Amusium, I. 188, 206, 207, 208,* 209,

Vv.
V.

216; II. 433.*
alaskensis, I. 188, 215, 218.
cancellatum, I. 188, 213,* 221.
Dalli, I. 188, 206,* 209, 210,* 212;
II. 483,* 4384,* 435.*
fenestratum, I. 211, 218, 221, 222.
Holmesii, I. 188, 214.
Hoskynsi, I. 188, 213, 214, 222.
lucidum, I. 209, 211, 212.

. marmoratum, I. 188, 212, 214.

meridionale, I. 210, 222.

Mortoni, II. 158, 438.

pleuronectes, I. 206,* 207, 208; II.
438.

Pourtalesianum, I. 188, 210, 211.

Sayanum, I. 188, 214, 215.*

squamigerum, I. 215.

striata, I. 209, 212.

striatulum, I. 188, 212.

Amussium, I. 208.

Amycla chrysalloidea, II. 193.
Amygdalum, I. 284.

Anachis, II. 16, 187, 339.

a<4<4

acuta, II. 188.

albella, II. 16, 788.
amphissella, II. 16, 188.
avara, II. 16, 187.*
catenata, II. 16, 788.
costulata, II. 188.
halizeti, II. 16, 788.
Hotessieriana, II. 16, 788.
iontha, IT. 188.

obesa, II. 16, 788, 189.

. ostreicola, II. 16, 788.

pulchella, II. 16, 288.
Rushii, I. 188.

. samanensis, II. 16, 788.
. semiplicata, II. 16, 787.
. similis, II. 16, 787.

v.

translirata, II. 16, 287.

Anatina, I. 306, 308.

papyratia, I. 506.

Ancistromesus mexicanus, II. 410.*
Ancistrosyrinz, II. 9, 77, 78.

cedonulli, II. 78, 79.
columbaria, II. 78.
elegans, II. 9, 78, 79.
radiata, II. 9, 78, 79.*

Angaria crassa, II. 360.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, 459

Angulus Gouldii, I. 278.
Anomia intustriata, I. 228,
Antalis agilis, II. 418.

Anura Craveni, II. 228.

Ancistrobasis, IL. 32, 883, 884.

Aphanitoma, LI. 98.

Aplacophora, II. 413.

Apollon, IT. 223.
gyrinus, II. 224,

Aporrhais, II. 274.

Arca, I. 190, 240; II. 488,* 434.*
Adamsi, I. 191, 243.
auriculata, I. 191, 241.*
barbadensis, I. 243.
barbata, I. 191, 244.
celata, I. 248.
clathrata, I. 242.
congenita, I, 242.

v. Conradiana, I. 248.

v. crenulata, I. 240.
culebrensis, I. 245.
domingensis, I. 242.
donaciformis, I. 242.
ectocomata, I. 191, 238, 243, 244;%*

Il. 433,* 484,* 435.*
glacialis, I. 240, 241.
glomerula, I. 191, 240, 241.
gradata, I. 242.
grenophia, I. 240.
inequisculpta, I. 241.
lactea, I. 248.
lienosa, I. 191, 242,
Listeri, I. 244.

Now, I. 243 ; II. 434,* 435.*
nucleus, I. 245.
occidentalis, I. 191, 243.

v. orbiculata, I. 190, 240.
pectinata, I. 239.
pectunculoides, I. 190, 240, 241, 289.
pectunculus, I. 239.
pectunculus minor, I. 239.
polycyma I, 191, 241.
profundicola, I. 245.
pteroessa, I. 245.
reticulata, I. 191, 242.
squamosa, I. 242.
umbonata, I. 191, 243.
undata, I. 238.

Architectonica tricarinata, II. 389.

Arene, II. 32, 386, 387.
cruentata, II. 386.
tricarinata, II. 387.

Argiope antillarum, I. 203.

Argiope Barrettiana, I. 203.
Schrammi, I. 203.

Argobuccinum, II. 223.

Argonauta cornu, II. 386.

Aspella, II. 18, 206, 209, 210.
anceps, II. 18, 207, 210.
hastula, II. 18, 207, 209, 210.
scalarioides, II. 18, 207, 210.

v. lamellosa, II. 207, 209.
v. obeliscus, II. 18, 207.
v. paupercula, II. 18, 207, 209.*

Astarte, I. 192, 259.
crenata, I. 261.

v. globula, I. 192, 260.
lens, I. 260, 261.
nana, I. 192, 261.
Smithii, I. 192, 259, 261.
sulcata, I. 259.

Asthenotherus, I. 197, 308, 309.
Hemphillii, 1. 197, 308.
villosior, I. 308.

Astyris, II. 16, 187, 189.
amphissella, II. 188.
annette, II. 17.
diaphana, II. 797, 192.
Duclosiana, Il. 17, 190, 793.
fusiformis, II. 16, 797.
Holbollii,. II. 191, 192.
lunata, II. 16, 789, 193.
multilineata, II. 16, 190.
profundi, II. 17, 191, 192.
pura, II. 190.

Raveneli, 11. 16, 190, 191.
rosacea, II. 16, 189, 190, 791, 192.
Saintpairiana, II. 17, 193.
v. strix, II. 17, 193.
Verrillii, II. 17, 188, 192.
zonale, II. 190.

Atopodonta, II. 440.
coniformis, II. 440.

Atys, II. 6, 54.
bathymophila, IT. 53.
caribbea, JI. 54.
naucum, II. 54.

Sandersoni, II. 6, 54.

Aulica, II. 150.
dubia, II. 151.

Auriculina insculpta, II. 39.

Aurinia, II. 13, 144, 145, 149, 150, 452.*
dubia, II. 18, 144, 145, 150, 757, 152.*
Gouldiana, II. 13, 144, 145, 154, 155,*

156.
mutabilis, IT. 150.

460 BULLETIN OF THE

Aurinia robusta, II. 18, 144, 145, 153. Boreotrophon Dalli, II. 18, 204.
Avicula, I. 190, 233; IL. 374. v. lacunellus, II. 18, 208.
atlantica, I. 190, 233. Borsonia, II. 10, 97.
Axinus orbiculatus, I. 267. ceroplasta, IL. 10, 97.
prima, II. 97.
Barbatia, I. 244. sericea, II. 97.
Basilissa, II. 82, 268, 274, 368, 378, 383, | Botula, I. 2386.
384. Brocchia, IT. 289.
alta, II. 32, 268, 383, 384. Broderipia, II. 348.
costulata, II. 32, 883, 384, 385. Brugnonia, II. 224.

v. delicatula, II. 82, 384. Buccinide, II. 174.

v. depressa, II. 883, 384. Buccinopsis, II. 176.

v. oxytoma, II. 384. Buccinum altile, II. 176.
reticulata, II. 385. ambiguum, II. 184.
superba, II. 384. Escheri, II. 176.

Basterotia, I. 198, 376. hydrophanum, II. 259.
corbuloides, I. 316. integrum, IT. 132.
granatina, I. 198, 316. muriciformis, II. 204.
quadrata, I. 516. niveum, II. 180, 181.

Bathymophila, U1. 82, 378. reticulatum, II. 221.

Bela, II. 81. sinuatum, IT. 72.
Blakeana, II. 126. zonale, II. 179.
demersa, II. 128. Buffo, II. 223.
extensa, II. 126. Bufo, II. 223.
filifera, II. 128. Bufonaria, II. 223.
limacina, II. 106. Bulimulus, II. 375.

Benthobia, Il. 12, 131. acutus, II. 375.
Tryonii, Il. 132. trifasciatus, II. 375.

Benthodolium, II. 19, 228, 229. Bulimus, II. 456.
abyssorum, II. 229. Bulla, Ii.. 7, 53.

Benthonella, 1. 25, 281, 455. abyssicola, II. 7, 56, 57.
Fischeri, II. 25, 282. acuta, II. 50.
gaza, II. 25, 282. alba, II. 55.
nisonis, II. 25, 283. bidentata, II. 46.

Bifrontia, II. 276. biplicata, II. 46.
Pingeli, II. 276. clausa, II. 7, 57.
Rochettina, II. 276. conica, II. 49.

Biplex, II. 223. conulus, II. 49.
perca, II. 223. eburnea, II. 7, 55, 57.
rosa, IT. 223. fucicola, II. 50.

Bittium, II. 22, 257, 266. grandis, II. 54.
abruptum, II. 257. Krebsii, Il. 7, 56.
alternatum, II. 22, 257.* occidentalis, II. 7, 55, 56.
gibberulum, IT. 258. pallida, II. 142.
nigrum, II. 257,* 258. pinguicula, II. 56.
pallidum, IT. 258. plicata, II. 55.
varium, II. 22, 258. punctostriatus, II. 52.
yucatecanum, II. 257, 266. solida, II. 57.

Bivonia, II. 23, 263, 264. striata, II. 56.
exserta, II. 23, 264. succinea, II. 57.

Boreotrophon, II. 18, 204, 205, 209, 210. turrita, II. 47.
actinophorus, II. 18, 200, 206. ~ uniplicata, II. 58.

aculeatus, II. 18, 205. utriculus, II. 56.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 461

Bulliopsis integra, II. 182. Callostoma orion, II. 81, 367.
Bursa, If. 222. v. Psyche, IL. 81, 364, 871.
Bushia, I. 197, 809. pulcher, II. 366.
elegans, I. 197, 810;* IT. 440. v. Rawsoni, Il. 81, 369.
Byssoarca divaricata, I. 242. roseolum, II. 31, 866.
sapidum, If. 31, 364.
Cadulus, II. 86, 418, 428, 455. Sayanum, I. 81, 870, 371.*
acus, II. 87, 432. sericifilum, II. 31, 372.
equalis, II, 36, 429. v. tampaénsis, II. 51, 866, 369.
Agassizii, II. 87, 430, 432. tiara, II. 31, 365, 372.
amiantus, II. 87, 481. tigris, II. 370.
Bushii, Il. 87, 430. yucatecanum, II. 31, 370.
carolinensis, II. 87, 430. zonamesta, II. 369.
cucurbita, II. 37, 431. Callocardia, I. 194, 272, 278; II. 440.
eylindratus, II. 429. Adamsi, I. 273.
diploconus, II. 430. atlantica, I. 272, 273.
gibbus, II. 428, 451. Leeana, II. 440.
gracilis, II. 452. pacifica, I. 273.
incisus, II. 428. pilula, I. 278, 274.
Jeffreysi, II. 36, 430. subquadrata, I, 273.
lunula, IL. 87, 431. venusta, I. 273, 274, II. 439.
minusculus, II. 37, 432. Callogaza, Il. 30, 356.
obesus, II. 37, 428, 432. superba, II. 354.
Olivii, II. 430. Watsoni, II. 80, 356, 557.*
ovulum, II. 428. Callogonia, II. 440.
Pandionis, II. 430. Leeana, II. 440.
poculum, II. 36, 429. Calyptrza, II. 25, 288, 284.
propinquus, II, 430. Candeana, II. 25, 284.
quadridentatus, II. 36, 428. chinensis, II. 284.
sauridens, II. 431. conica, II. 284.
spectabilis, II. 36, 429. Camptonectes, I. 206, 219, 220.
subfusiformis, II. 480, 482. Cancellaria, II. 12, 129, 132, 299.
vulpidens, II. 431. brevis, II. 1381.
Watsoni, II. 36, 429. bullata, IT. 129.
Czcum trachea, II. 482. Candeana, II. 131.
Calceolina anomala, II. 359. Candei, II. 179.
Calliostoma, II. 31, 363, 368, 369, 374, 377, | citharella, II. 100.

455. Conradiana, II. 129.
apicinum, II. 31, 366. corrugata, II. 131.
asperrimum, II. 81, 373. depressa, II. 129.
aurora, II. 31, 366, 368. funiculata, II. 130.
Bairdii, II. 31, 364, 367, 371. microscopica, II. 131.
Benedicti, II. 31, 371.* minima, II. 130, 131.
cinctellum, II. 81, 372.* piscatoria, I]. 129.
circumcinctum, II. 31, 364. reticulata, II. 12, 729.
corbis, II. 31, 365. rugosa, II. 129.
dentiferum, II. 31, 373. scalarina, II. 131.
echinatum, II. 31, 364. scalatella, II. 130.
euglyptum, II. 31, 363. similis, II. 129.
granulata, IT. 358. | Smithii, II. 129, 130.
indiana, II. 81, 368. Stimpsoni, IT. 129.
javanicum, II. 369. subangulata, IT. 131.

jujubinun, II. 31, 369. subangulosa, II. 131.

462 BULLETIN OF THE

Cancellaria tenera, II. 129.
tessellata, II. 13].
Thomasiana, II. 131.
venusta, II. 12, 129.

Candelabrum, II. 77.

Capulus, I. 181, II. 25, 286,* 287.
calyptra, II. 287.
crystallinus, II. 287.
galea, IL. 26, 288.*
hungaricus, II. 286,* 287, 289.
intortus, IL. 25, 288.
obliquus, II. 289.

Cardiomya, I. 196, 296.
californica, I. 196, 295.

v. corpulenta, I. 196, 298.
costellata, I. 196.

v. curta, I. 196.
perrostrata, I. 196.
striata, I. 196, 298.

Cardita, I. 192, 256.
domingensis, I. 192, 256.

Cardium, I. 193, 269; II. 434,* 435.*
antillarum, II. 489.
ceramidum, I. 198, 269; * IT. 489,
edule, IT. 442.
haitense, I. 269.
hians, II. 443.
levigatum, I. 193, 270.
medium, I. 193, 269.
muricatum, I. 198, 270.
Nicoletii, I. 270.
parile, I. 270.
peramabilis, I. 198, 269.
serratum, I. 1938, 270.
sybariticum, I. 271.

v. tinctum, I. 270.

Careliopsis, II. 29, 333, 338.
styliformis, IL. 29, 338.

Caricella, II. 147.
demissa, II. 144.

Carinidea, II. 286.

Cassida penita, II. 221.

Cassis, II. 20, 228, 231, 288.
cameo, II. 231.
flammea, II. 231.
inflata, II. 20, 232.
penita, IT. 221.
testiculus, IT. 231.
tuberosa, II. 231.
vera, IT. 221.

Cerithidea, II. 259.
ambigua, II. 259.
costata, IT. 259.

Cerithidea scalariformis, II. 259.
scalata, II. 259. :
tenuis, II, 259.
turrita, II. 259.
varicosa, II. 259.

Cerithiella metula, II. 251, 256.

Cerithioderma prima, II. 269.

Cerithiopsis, II. 22, 242, 250, 251, 255.
abrupta, II. 22, 256, 257.
acontium, II. 22, 256.
arctica, II. 264.
angustissimum, IT. 257.
erystallina, Il. 22, 254,* 255.
Emersonii, II. 253.*

Greenii, II. 251, 252.
iota, II. 252.
Martensii, I1. 22, 254, 255.
matara, II. 22, 255.
metaxe, II. 22, 256, 257.
minima, II. 251, 252.
punctatum, II. 252.
Sigsbeana, Il. 22, 254.
subulata, ITI. 22, 252, 253.*
v. teniolata, II. 22, 256.
terebellum, II. 250.
terebralis, II. 250.
tubercularis, IT. 251, 252, 258, 254.

Cerithium, II. 258.
adversum, II. 248.
algicola, II. 259.
antillarum, II. 259,
atratum, IT. 259,
decoratum, II. 244.
eburneum, II. 259.
elegans, II. 252.
Emersonii, II. 252.

-ferrugineum, II. 259.
floridanum, II. 258.
inflata, II. 249.
iota, II. 252.
literatum, IT. 259,
metula, II. 252.
minimum, IT. 259.
muscarum, II. 259.
nigrescens, II. 259.
nigrocinctum, II. 248.
perversum, II. 243.
punctatum, II. 252, 253.
Rawsoni, II. 259.
Sagre, II. 259.

Sayi, II. 257.
semiferrugineum, IT. 259.
septemstriatum, ITI. 259.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Cerithium subulatum, II. 252.
terebellum, II. 250.
terebrale, II. 250.
trilineatum, ITI. 250, 251.
uncinatum, II. 259.
variabile, Il. 259.
versicolor, II. 259.

Cetoconcha, I. 195, 280,* 281,* 282, 284,

288; II. 437,* 441,* 444,* 449%
450,* 452.*

albida, I. 281, 282, 2838.

bulla, I. 281, 283;* II. 440,* 446,*
447.*

elongata, I. 280, 281, 283.*

margarita, 1.281,28¢ ;* II. 446,* 447.*

nitida, I. 28].

Sarsii, II. 447.

tornata, I. 281, 282.

Cetomya, II. 446,* 448,* 452.*
albida, II. 448.*
elongata, II. 440,* 447.*
tornata, II. 448.

Chetodermida, II. 413.

Chama, I. 198, 268.
lactuca, I. 198, 268.
macrophylla, I. 268.
sarda, I. 198, 269.

Chemnitzia, IT. 335.
flavocincta, II. 336.
interrupta, II. 337.
pusilla, II. 537.
speira, II. 356.

Chicoreus, II. 17, 197.

Hidalgoi, II. 17, 198.

Chilocyclus, II. 301.

Chione, I. 194, 276, II. 485.*
cancellata, I. 194.
pygmea, I. 194.

Chitonacea, II. 413.

Chiton eocenensis, II. 414.
limaciformis, II. 415.
productus, II. 415.
purpurascens, II. 416.
sanguineus, II. 415.
squamosus, II. 414.
tuberculosus, II. 414.

Chlamydochiton, II. 417.

Choristes, II. 394.

Chromodoris punctilucens, IT. 453.
scabriusculus, II. 453.
sycilla, II. 458.

Chrysodomus, II. 15, 174, 179, 188.
Mohni, II. 176.

463

Chrysodomus ventricosus, II. 175.

Cinctella, IL. 250.
trilineata, IT. 250.

Cingula aculeus, II. 280, 389,
apicina, I1. 282.

Circe, I. 261, 262,* 263, 276.
bermudensis, I. 265.
cerina, I. 192, 263.
divaricata, I. 262.
metastriata, I. 263.
scripta, I. 262.

Circulus formosissimus, II. 887.

Cirostrema, II. 300.

Cirsotrema, IL. 800, 319.

Cistella, I. 187, 202.
Barrettiana, I. 187, 202.
lutea, I. 187, 203.
rubrotincta, I. 203.
Schrammi, I. 187, 203.

Cithara, II. 100.

Cithna cingulata, II. 277.

Clathrella, II. 24, 278.
naticoides, II. 24, 278.

Clathrus, Il. 299, 300.

Clathurella, II. 98.
cala, II. 119.
chariessa, IT. 122.
circumvoluta, II. 84.
hormophora, II. 106.
quadrata, II. 113.

Clavus ebur, II. 89.

Clidiophora, I. 197, 327, 812.
carolinensis, I. 197, 311.
Gouldiana, I. 197, 312.
trilineata, I. 197, 312.

Clionella, II. 118.
aglaophanes, ITI. 93.
amblia, II. 92.
exsculpta, II. 117.

Cocculina, I. 181; II. 30, 348, 344, 345,

346,* 349, 408, 412, 455.
adunca, II. 345.
angulata, II. 345, 346.*
Beanii, II. 30, 346, 347,* 348.
conica, II. 346.
corrugata, II. 345.
Dalli, II. 346.
galeola, II. 346.
leptalea, II. 346.
pusilla, II. 345.
Rathbuni, IT. 30, 846, 347,* 348.
spinigera, II. 50, 345, 346,* 348,*
349,*

464. BULLETIN OF THE

Coccopygia, Il. 30, 848, 850. Columbella Wheatleyi, II. 189.
angulata, II. 350. ‘ zonali, II, 190.
Cochlearia, II. 301, 306. Colus exilis, II. 166.
carinata, II. 301. Compsopleura, II. 500, 301.
Cochliolepis, II. 31, 360. trinodosa, II. 300.
parasitica, II. 31, 360, 361, 392. Conidea, II. 187, 194.
striata, IT. 81, 360, 361. Conidia ovulata, IT. 194.
Cochlis, II. 26, 292. Conomitra, II. 14, 163.

pusilla, II. 296.
Coleophysis, II. 6, 44, 45.
perplicatus, IL. 6, 45, 49.
Collonia, II. 351.
induta, II. 352.
marginata, II. 851.
Colubraria, II. 19, 225.
lanceolata, Il. 19, 225.
reticulata, II. 226.
Swiftii, II. 19, 225.
testacea, II. 226.
Columbarium, II. 77, 78.
pagoda, II. 78.
Columbella, II. 16, 786, 455.
ambigua, II. 181.
amphissella, II. 188.
avara, IT. 187,
cancellata, II. 188.
diaphana, IT. 192.
dicomata, II. 189.
dissimilis, II. 189.
Duclosiana, IT. 190, 193.
Gouldiana, IT. 189.
Gouldii, II. 187.
idalina, II. 189.
Lafresnayei, II. 193.
lunata, II. 189, 193.
mercatoria, II. 16, 186.
moleculina, II. 189.
nivea, II. 190.
ornata, II. 188.
ostreicola, II. 188.
ovulata, IT. 194.
peculiaris, IT. 194.
rosacea, II. 192.
rustica, II. 186.
rusticoides, II. 16, 786.
Saintpairiana, II. 192, 193.
similis, II. 182.
spizantha, II. 190.
strix, II. 192, 198.
subacta, IT. 193.
terpsichore, II. 187.
translirata, II. 182.
Verrillii, II. 192.
May 28, 1889.

angulata, II. 1638.
Blakeana, M1. 14, 163.
fusoides, II. 163.

. levior, II. 14, 164.

minima, II. 164.
staminea, II. 163.’
vicksburgensis, II. 168.

Constantia, II. 300, 301.

elegans, II. 300, 301.

Conus, II. 8, 67.

achatinus, II. 70.

Agassizii, I., Expl. Pl. IX.; II. 8, 68.

amphiurgus, I. 8, 70.
armillatus, II. 68.
breviculus, II. 68.
candidus, II. 68.
cedonulli, II. 8, 67.
centurio, II. 8, 69, 70.
Cleryi, II. 69.
columba, IT. 70.
daucus, II. 8, 69, 70. »
Delesserti, II. 70, 158.
flavescens, II. 8, 70.
floridanus, II. 68, 70, 154.
floridensis, II. 154.
gloria-maris, II. 293.
gracilis, II. 67.
leoninus, II. 68.
magellanicus, II. 70.
Mazei, II. 8, 67, 154.
Melvilli, II. 70.

mus, II. 70.
nebulosus, II. 70.
ochraceus, IT. 68.
Orbignyi, II. 67.
papillosus, II. 70.
Pealii, II. 8, 68, 70.
planicostatus, IT. 67.
proteus, II. 8, 68.
pusio, II. 70.
pygmeus, II. 68, 70.
Reevei, II. 69.
roseo-tinctus, IT. 70.
spurius, II. 68.
Stearnsii, II. 68.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 465

Conus subcarinatus, II. 70.

verrucosus, II. 69, 70.
Villepini, II. 8, 69.

Coralliophila, IL. 19, 205, 227.

abbreviata, II. 219.
bracteata, II. 19, 218, 229.
Deburghia, II. 19, 225.*
fusiformis, II. 218.

galea, II. 19, 218, 219.
lacerata, IT. 219.

lactuca, Il. 19, 220.
lamellosa, II. 219.
Lintoni, II. 219.

madreporarum, II. 217, 218.

spinosa, II. 218.

Coralliophora, II. 217.
Corbula, I. 198, 323.
Barrattiana, I. 198, 313, 316.

Blandiana, I. 314.
Chittyana, I. 198, 376.
costellata, I. 297.
cubaniana, I. 198, 373.
cymella, I. 198, 315.
Dietziana, I. 198, 314, 316.
disparilis, I. 198, 324.
granulata, I. 281.
Kjaeriana, I. 198, 316.
Knoxiana, I. 313.
Krebsiana, I. 198, 325.
nucleus, I. 314.

oniscus, I. 314.
operculata, I. 314, 315, 316.
parsura, I. 314.

Philippii, I. 314.

quadrata, I. 316.
Swiftiana, I. 198, 324, 316.

Crucibulum, IT. 25, 283, 284.
auricula, II. 25, 284.
imbricatum, II. 284.
planatum, II, 284.

Crania, I. 188, 205.

Pourtalesii, I. 188, 205.

Cranopsis, II. 34, 841,* 345, 849, 403, 404

405, 406.

asturiana, II. 34, 344, 350, 404,* 405,
406, 408.

erecta, II. 34, 405.

granulata, II. 403.

Craspedotus, II. 374.

Crassatella antillarum, I. 256.
floridana, I. 192, 256, 257.
guadalupensis, I. 259.
mactracea, I. 257, 258.
martinicensis, I. 259.
nana, I. 258.
parva, I. 259.
undulata, I. 257.

Crassispira, I1. 95.

Cremides, II. 34, 407.

Crucibulum striatum, II. 25, 284.

Crypta, II. 286.

Cryptaxis, II. 54.

Cryptodon, I. 193, 267; II. 438.*
flexuosus, I. 193, 267.
obesus, I. 267, 268.
orbiculatus, I. 193, 267.
pyriformis, I. 193, 267.

Cryptoplacide, II. 416.

Cumia, II. 225.

Cumingia, I. 195, 279.
tellinoides, I. 195, 279.

Cuspidaria, I. 196, 280, 292, 293,* 294 ; II.

Cordieria, II. 10, 98, 162.
Rouaultii, II. 10, 98.
Corimya, I. 309.
Costellaria, II. 159, 160.
Crenella, I. 190, 235, 287.
decussata, I. 190, 235, 287.
Crepidula, II. 25, 284,* 286, 288, 289.
aculeata, II. 25, 285, 286.
adunca, IT. 285.*
convexa, II. 286.
fornicata, IT. 286.
glauca, II. 286.
navicula, IT. 286.
protea, II. 25, 285.
unguiformis, IL. 61, 285.
Crossea, II. 300, 301.
miranda, II. 301.

VOL. XVIII. 30

437,* 441,* 447,* 449,* 450,* 452.*
arctica, I. 294; II. 444.
arcuata, I. 196, 294, 296.
californica, I. 196, 296.
contracta, I. 294.
corpulenta, I. 298.
costata, I. 296.
costellata, I. 297, 298.
curta, I. 298.
cuspidata, I. 298.
exigua, I. 294.
glacialis, I. 294, 303 *; II. 444.*
Jeffreysi, I. 196, 294, 295.
lamellosa, I. 294.
limatula, I. 294.
microrhina, I. 196, 295; II. 440.
multicostata, I. 296.

466 BULLETIN

Cuspidaria obesa, I. 196, 295, 803.*
ornatissima, I. 296.
patagonica, II. 443,* 446.
perrostrata, I. 196, 296.
rostrata, I. 196, 294, 295; II. 444.*
striata, I. 298.

Cuvieria, II. 418.

Cyclophorus, II. 804, 305.

Cycloscala, II. 316.
Dunkeriana, II. 815.

Cyclostoma, II. 299, 803, 304, 305.
elegans, II. 505.

Cyclostrema, II. 33, 278, 359, 378, 386, 393.
affine, II. 393.
bicarinatus, II. 278.
cancellata, II. 561.
cistronium, II. 33, 394.
Dalli, IT. 893.
diaphanum, II. 393.
fulgidum, IL. 395.
granulum, Il. 88, 396.
limatum, Il. 83, 398.

. ornatum, IT. 398.
pompholyx, II. 88, 394.
Schrammi, II. 387.
trochoides, II. 898.
turbinum, I. 33, 393.
Verreauxi, II. 394.

Cylichna, II. 6, 54.
alba, II. 54, 55.
Auberi, II. 55.
biplicata, II. 46.
conulus, II. 46, 49, 50.
cylindracea, IT. 55.
Dalli, II. 47.

Hoernesi, II. 49.
Krebsii, II. 55.
lineata, IT. 565.
marmorata, II. 51.
obesiuscula, II. 49.
occulta, IT. 55.
oryza, II. 46.

ovata, II. 46, 49, 50.
umbilicata, II. 55.
Verrillii, II. 6, 54.

Cylichnella, II. 6, 45, 46.
bidentata, II. 6, 45, 46.
biplicata, II. 45.
oryza, II. 45.
ovum-lacerti, II. 45.

Cylindrella, II. 456.

Cymatosyrinx, I. 10, 96.

Cymba, TI. 151.

OF THE

Cymbiola, II. 148.
brasiliana, II. 156.
Cymbium, II. 148.
Cyprea, II. 21, 173, 232, 234, 239, 286,*
287.
Aubryana, IT. 239.
bicallosa, II. 239.
cervus, II. 239.
cinerea, II. 21, 239.
exanthema, II. 239.
flaveola, II. 239.
lurida, I]. 289.
moneta, II. 2389.
mus, II. 239.
nebulosa, II. 239.
picta, II. 239.
spurca, II. 239.
stercoraria, II. 239.
Cypreacteon, II. 42.
Cypricardia isocardioides, I. 271.
Cyprina, II. 328.
Cyprinus, II. 328.
Cythara, II. 10, 99, 200.
astricta, II. 100.
balteata, II. 100.
Bartlettii, 11. 10, 102.
biconica, II. 100.
citharella, II. 100.
cymella, II. 10, 102.
funiculata, II. 102.
striata, II. 99, 100.
Cytherea, I. 194, 275.
albida, I. 275; II. 489.
hebrea, I. 276.
Sayana, I. 275.
vesica, I. 275.

Dalium, II. 20, 177, 230, 231.
solidum, Il. 20, 230.
Daphnella, II. 10, 99, 702, 106, 107.
atrostyla, II. 111.
calyx, II. 10, 107.
corbicula, II. 10, 103.
elata, II. 10, 205.
hyperlissa, II. 10, 108.
leucophlegma, I., Expl. Pl. IX. ; II. 10,
102.
limacina, I., Expl. Pl. TX. ; II. 10, 99,
102, 106, 456.
lymneiformis, IT. 99, 102, 105.
monoceros, II. 117.
morra, II. 10, 1065.
pompholyx, II. 10, 104.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Daphnella reticulosa, II. 10, 103, 104.
retifera, II. 10, 105.
sofia, IL. 10, 107, 108.

Daronia, II. 386.

Defrancia chariessa, II. 122.
chyta, IL. 115.
circumvoluta, II. 84.
formosa, II. 119, 120.
hormophora, II, 106.
perpauxilla, IL. 116.
streptophora, II. 126.

Delphinula, 11. 299, 304, 387.
eancellata, II. 385.
laxa, II. 277, 386.
marginata, IT. 851.
nitida, II. 386.
tuberculata, I. 387.
tuberculosa, II. 387.

Dentalium, I. 185; IL. 36, 428,* 420,* 4565.

aculeatum, II. 428.
acutissimum, IT. 419.
agile, II. 36, 418.
antillarum, II. 36, 422.
calamus, II. 36, 421.
callipeplum, I. 36, 419, 420.
callithrix, IL. 36, 427.
candidum, II. 36, 422.
capillosum, II. 36, 425.
carduus, II. 36, 428.
ceras, II. 36, 425.
ceratum, II. 36, 424.
compressum, II. 36, 426.
didymum, IT. 428.
disparile, II. 36, 424.
ensiculus, II. 36, 428.
entalis, II. 418.

filum, II. 36, 419.
Gouldii, I. 36, 424, 425.
gracile, II. 419.
hexagonum, II. 4265.
-laqueatum, II. 86, 426.
leptum, II. 86, 420, 4272.
longistrorsum, II. 419.
matara, IIL. 86, 420.
nebulosum, II. 423.
obscurum, II. 425.
octagonum, II. 426.
ophiodon, IL. 36, 427.
panormitanum, IT. 424.
paucicostatum, IT. 426.
perlongum, II. 36, 419.
rubescens, II. 420.
sericatum, II. 86, 423.

Dentalium Sigsbeanum, IT. 428.
solidum, II. 422.
taphrium, IL. 36, 422, 423.

Dentistyla, IL. 878, 374.

Dermatomya, IL. 448,* 452.
mactroides, IL. 448.*

Diaphana conulus, II. 49.
gemma, II. 46, 55.

Diastoma, II. 22, 258.

Dicranobranchia, II. 341.*

Dillwynella, I. 31, 860, 362.
modesta, II. 31, 362.

Diloma, II. 362.

Dimya, I. 172, 173, 206, 210, 227, 228 ; *

II. 291, 483.*

argentea, I. 189, 228, 229,* 230,* 231 ; *

II. 433,* 4384.*
Deshayesiana, I. 227, 228, 231.
tenuiplicata, I. 231.

Dimyodon, I. 283.
Dione, I. 194, 275.
albida, I. 194.
hebrea, I. 194.
vesica, I. 194.
Diplodonta, I. 193, 263.
pilula, I. 274.
turgida, I. 198, 263.
venezuelensis, I. 193, 263.
Dipsaccus, II. 178.
Dipsas plicatus, II. 375.
Discohelix, II. 276.
Discopsis, II. 360.
Dispotea, II. 25, 284.
Distorsio, II. 220.
cancellinus, IT. 221.
clathrata, II. 221.
clatrata, ITI. 221.
occidentalis, II. 221.
reticulata, IT. 221.
Distorta, II. 220.
acuta, II. 221.
Distortrix, II. 19, 220, 221, 222.
v. clathrata, II. 19, 222.
reticulata, II. 19, 222.

v. reticulata, IT. 19, 222.
Docoglossa, II. 436.
Dolichotoma, II. 9, 80.
Doliopsis, II. 232, 288.
Dolium, II. 20, 228, 230, 231, 232.

antillarum, IT. 282.
Bairdii, II. 282.
Crosseanum, II. 232, 233.
galea, II. 252.

468 BULLETIN OF THE

Dolium pennatum, II. 232. Drillia serga, II. 114.
perdix, II. 232. Simpsoni, LI. 9, 91.
plumatum, II. 252. smirna, II. 9, 94.

Dolophanes, II. 24, 269, 270. subsida, II. 118.
capula, II. 270. thea, II. 9, 91.
columbella, II. 24, 2772. tristicha, II. 9, 88.

Gabbi, II. 24, 102, 270, 271. Tryonii, I. 9, 83.
melanioides, II. 270, 271. Verrillii, II. 9, 92, 93.

Dozia, I. 257.
lenticularis, I. 257. Eburneopecten, I. 219.

Drillia, II. 9, 82, 242, 455. Eglisia, IT. 301.
acestra, II. 9, 87. ‘| Emarginula, II. 34, 342, 405, 406, 407,

v. acloneta, II. 9, 92. 437.* 2
acrybia, II. 9, 88. cancellata, II. 34, 406.
epynota, II. 10, 96. compressa, ITI. 54, 406.
albicoma, II. 9, 83. Rollandi, II. 407.
alesidota, II. 9, 84. Embla, I. 280.
amblia, II. 92. Eneta, II. 163.

vy. canna, II. 9, 86, 87. Engina rosea, II. 217.

v. carminura, II. 9, 91. Entemnotrochus, II. 34, 400.
centimata, II. 10, 95. Eochitonia, II. 35, 413, 414.

vy. cestrota, II. 9, 92. Eopsephza, II. 144, 150.
cocemata, II. 9, 90. muricina, II. 150.
Dalli, II. 9, 92, 98. Epidromus, II. 225.
detecta, Il. 9, 84. Swiftii, II. 226.
ebur, HI. 9, 8&9, 96. Episcynia, II. 273, 392.
eucosmia, II. 9, 86, 87. Epitonium, II. 299, 303.
elusiva, EI. 115. Ethalia, II. 31, 359, 860, 362.
exasperata, II. 88. , anomala, II. 361.
exseulpta, IT. 117. crassa, IT. 360.
fucata, FF. 9, 89, 90. | diaphana, II. 361.
gratula, 1. 110. multistriata, II. 361.
haliostrephis, H. 9, 86. reclusa, II. 31, 361.
havanensis, Il. 9, 93. solida, II. 31, 361, 362.
incilis, I}. 110. i suppressa, II. 31, 861, 362.
Kennicottii, II. 118. Erato, II. 21, 247.
leucomata, II. 120. cypreoides, II. 241.
limonitella, II. 111. hematina, IT. 138.
lissotropis, II. 9, 92, 93. Maugeria, II. 21, 241.
lithocolleta, IT. 9, 95. vitellina, II. 242.

v. macilenta, HI. 9, 85. : Eriphyla, I. 267.
Moseri, II. 10, 97. gregaria, I. 257, 258.
nucleata, II. 9, 92, 938. mactracea, I. 258.
oleacina, II. 9, 94. parva, I. 192.
ostrearum, If. 9, 82, 88. umbonata, I. 257, 258.
pagoda, IT. 99. Eriphylopsis gregaria, I. 257, 258.
pagodula, II. 9, 90. Ervilia, I. 195, 279.
pallida, IT. 95. nitens, I. 195, 279.

y. pentagonalis, II. 9, 90. Erycina labradorica, IT. 308.
peripla, IT. 115. Eubela, II. 10, 99, 102, 106.
phareida, II. 9, 88. Eucasta, II. 81, 368.
polytorta, II. 9, 85. Eucharis, I. 316.

premorra, II. 9, 93. Eucheilodon, II. 98, 108.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 469

Euchelus, IT. 82, 374, 382. Eupleura Stimpsonii, IL. 17, 204.
guttarosea, II. 82, 382. Euplica, Il. 16, 187.
punctiger, II. 388. turturina, II. 16, 287.

Euciroa, I. 196, 286, 291. Euryta, II. 7, 62.

Eucithara, II. 100. Eutrochus, II. 81, 369, 374.

Eucosmia, IL. 30, 352. cinctellus, II. 372.

Eudesia, I. 187, 202. Eutropia, II. 302.

floridana, I. 187, 202 ; II., Pl. XX XIX.

Eudolium, Il. 20, 232. Fasciolaria, II. 14, 772, 173, 174.
Crosseanum, II. 20, 282. distans, II. 14, 272, 173.
Verrillii, IL. 20, 233. gracilentis, II. 172.

Eulima, IIL. 28, 326, 327, 328. tulipa, II. 172.
acuta, IT. 328. Fasciolariide, II. 765.
affinis, II. 327. Favartia, II. 18, 209, 210.
arcuata, IT. 28, 328. cellulosa, II. 18, 210, 211.
bifasciata, IL. 328. intermedia, II. 18, 222.
bilineata, II. 329. levicula, II. 18, 222.
Carolii, II. 327. Fissurella, II. 34, 342, 407, 408.
conoidea, II. 327. alternata, II. 34, 407.
curva, II. 328. cayennensis, ITI. 409,
distorta, IT. 328. Dysoni, II. 407.
elongata, II. 28, 328. fumata, IT. 407.
fulvocincta, II. 329. larva, II. 407.
fusus, II. 329. limatula, IT. 409.
gibba, II. 327. minuta, II. 409.
gracilis, II. 327. v. Sayi, IL. 407.
Hemphillii, IL. 329. Fissurellidea, II. 34, 409.
intermedia, II. 28, 327. fasciata, II. 409.
interrupta, II. 330. limatula, IT. 34, 409.
jamaicensis, II. 28, 327. Fissurisepta, II. 34, 404.
major, II. 326, 328. rostrata, IT. 404.
oleacea, II. 327. triangulata, II. 34, 404.
polita, II. 326. Fluzina, Tl. 24, 273, 274, 456.
pusilla, II. 827. brunnea, II. 24, 273.
splendidula, II. 329. discula, If. 24, 273.
stenostoma, II. 328. Forskalia, II. 368.
subcarinata, II. 327. declivis, II. 357, 368.
unifasciata, II. 338. Fossarus, II. 24, 272, 278.

Eulimella, Il. 29, 338. ambiguus, IT. 272.
resticula, II. 29, 338. Crossei, IT. 298.

Scille, II. 338. depressus, II. 278, 279, 298.
Smithii, II. 334, 338. elegans, II. 272.
unifasciata, II. 29, 338. fragilis, II. 278.

Eumargarita, Il. 374. latericeus, IT. 272.

Eumeta, II. 22, 252. naticoides, IT. 278.
costulata, II. 254. Orbignyi, If. 272.
subulata, II. 252. Petitiana, II. 298.

Eunaticina, II. 26, 297. pusillus, IT. 272.
carolinensis, II. 26, 297. reticulatus, II. 278.

Eupleura, II. 17, 202, 215. Schrammi, II. 387.
caudata, II. 17, 202, 203.* sulcatus, ITI. 272.
clathrata, II. 203. tuberculatus, II. 387.

muriciformis, II. 203, 204. Fulgoraria, II. 148.

470

Fulvia, I. 269.
modesta, I. 270.

Funis, II. 300, 301, 306.
elongatus, II. 301.

Fusus, II. 14, 265, 174, 212, 218, 214, 455.
abyssorum, II. 174.
epynotus, II. 14, 169, 170.
albidus, II. 204.
alcimus, II. 14, 270.
amiantus, II. 14, 169.
amphiurgus, II. 14, 171.
antiquus, II. 174.
benthalis, II. 14, 168.
Bocagei, II. 170.
caloosaensis, II. 167.
carolinensis, II. 170.
ceramidus, II. 14, 171.
closter, II. 14, 165, 168.
colus, II. 168.
Couei, II. 14, 165, 167.
Dupetit-thouarsi, II. 168.
eucosmius, II. 14, 167.
gradatus, II. 165.
halistreptus, II. 14, 168.*
Hartvigii, II. 165.
lamellosus, II. 170.
limbatus, II. 165, 175.
minor, II. 187.
multangulus, H. 165, 213.
muricoides, II. 165.
nitens, II. 165.
perrugatus, IT. 166, 214.
Pfeifferi, II. 214.
pulchellus, II. 172, 175.
rostratus, II 170.

y. Rushii, I. 14, 170.
Schrammi, II. 165, 168.
sinistralis, II. 165.
tenuiliratus, II. 165, 168.
tessellatus, II. 151.
timessus, II. 14, 166, 167.
turriculus, II. 167.

Gadinia, IT. 289, 487.*
excentrica, II. 344.
lateralis, II. 344.

Galeodea, IT. 20, 231
Coronadoi, II. 20, 232.

Galerus, II. 284.
Candeanus, IT. 284.
parvulus, II. 284.

Gastroplax, II. 59.

(yastropteron, II. 7, 59.

BULLETIN

OF THE

Gastropteron Meckelii, II. 59.

Gaza, II. 30, 354, 355,* 356, 357, 858, 456.
deedala, II. 354, 855, 356.
Fischeri, 11. 80, 355, 856.*
Rathbuni, Il. 354.
superba, II. 30, 354, 355,* 356.

Gegania, II. 28, 266, 268.
Jeffreysi, 11. 23, 268.
pinguis, II. 268.

Genota, II. 9, 79, 82, 119.
atractoides, II. 82.
didyma, II. 79.
mitrella, II. 9, 79.
mitriformis, II. 82.
papalis, II. 82.
viabrunnea, II. 9, 80, 81.*

Gibberula, II. 18, 136, 243.
lachrimula, IT. 142.
minuta, II. 18, 148.

Gibbula, II. 368.
divaricata, II. 358.

Glabella elata, IT. 139.

Globiconcha ovula, II. 42.

Glyphis, II. 34, 408.
barbadensis, II. 409.
Jluviana, II. 34, 408.*

Glyphostoma, II. 10, 98, 99, 208.
dentifera, II. 10, 99, 108.
Gabbii, II. 10, 708, 111.
gratula, Il. 10, 110.

v. incile, II. 220.
phalera, I. 10, 210.

Gottoina, II. 24, 272.
bella, II. 24, 272.
compacta, II. 24, 273.

Gouldia, I. 192, 257, 261, 262.*
bermudensis, I. 263.
cerina, I. 262, 263.

Granigyra, II. 33, 395.

Gymnobela, II. 11, 99, 123, 126.

v. agria, IT. 127.
Blakeana, II. 126.
brevis, II. 126.
curta, II. 99.
engonia, II. 122, 126.
extensa, II. 126.
Lottz, II. 126.
Malmii, II. 127.
tornata, IJ. 127.

Gymnoglossa, II. 28, 326.

Gyrineum, IJ. 19, 208, 222, 223.
affine, II. 19, 224.

v. cubanianum, II. 19, 224.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Gyrodes, II. 26, 298.
crenata, IT. 298.
depressa, II. 26, 298.

Haliotis, II. 33, 395.
Pourtalesii, IL. 38, 396,
Haliris, I. 196, 287, 291.
Fischeriana, 1. 196, 291.
fTaloceras, II. 24, 277.
Halonympha, I. 197, 301.
claviculata, I. 197, 801.
Haminea, II. 7, 57.
antillarum, II. 57,
cerina, IT. 57.
elegans, II. 57.
Guildingi, II. 57.
glabra, II. 57.
guadeloupensis, II. 57.
Petitii, II. 57.
solitaria, II. 57.
succinea, II. 7, 57.
Hanleyia, II. 35, 475.
tropicalis, Il. 35, 415.
Harpa, II. 100.
Harpula, II. 148.
Hastula, II. 8, 62.
Haustator, II. 23, 265.

Helicina, II. 341, 342, 345, 358.

orbiculata, II. 342.
Helix sulfurea, II. 282.
Hemipecten, I. 206.
Hindsia, IL. 180, 181.
Hinnites, I. 189, 206, 223.

Adamsi, I. 189, 223.
Hippagus, I. 285, 286, 287.

acuticostatus, I. 288.
Hipponyx, II. 287, 289.

crystallinus, II. 287.

Danieli, II. 287.
Holopella, II. 801, 306.
Homalaxis, II. 276.
Homalaxon, II. 276.
Homalopoma, II. 352.
Hoplopteron, II. 301, 306, 317.

Terquemi, IT. 301.
Ayalopatina, Il. 7, 61.

Rushii, Il. 7, 61.
Hyalorisia, II. 25, 288.

Ianthoscala, IT. 300, 311.
Ilaira, II. 276, 386.
Ilyanassa obsoleta, II. 184.
Inella, II. 21, 242, 245.

Infundibulum, IT. 286.
Candeanum, II. 284.
Iphigenia, I. 285.
Isapis, II. 278.
anomala, II. 272.
Ischnochiton, II. 85, 475.
limaciformis, II. 35, 475, 416.
multicostatus, II. 415.
Ischnochitonida, Il. 4165.
Ischnoidea, II. 414.
Isocardia, I. 194, 271, 275.
cytherioides, II. 439.

Jaminia Dupontii, II. 339.
Janacus, II. 25, 285.
Janira, I. 188, 206, 207.
hemicyclica, I. 188, 207, 222
434,* 435.
Janthoscala, II. 300.

Katherina, II. 416, 417.
Kellia suborbicularis, I. 273.
Kelliella, I. 272.

miliaris, I. 272.
Kennerlia, I. 197.

Bushiana, I. 197, 312.

glacialis, I. 311.
Krebsia, II. 25, 288.

Lachesis minima, II. 105.
Levicordia, I. 288.
Lagena, IT. 173, 230.
Lambidium, II. 20, 232.
oniscus, II. 20, 232.
strombiformis, IT. 231.
Lamellaria, II. 27, 299.
Rangii, II. 27, 299.
Lampusia, II. 19, 226.
chlorostoma, II. 19, 226.
gracile, II. 19, 227.
pharcida, II. 19, 227.
pileare, IT. 19, 227.
Latiaxis, II. 217.
cariniferus, II. 218.
Deburghiz, II. 218.
elegans, II. 218.
Mawee, II. 217.
Latirus, II. 15, 173, 213.
brevicaudatus, II. 174.
cayohuesonicus, II. 174.
cinguliferus, II. 15, 172.
contemptus, II. 174.
fastigium, II. 174.

471

$0hb

472

Latirus infundibulum, IT. 174.

maderensis, II. 174.
multangulus, II. 173.

Lavignon antillarum, I. 279.

Petitiana, I. 279.

Laxispira, Il. 886, 387.

laxa, II. 386.
nitida, II. 386, 387.

Leda, I. 191, 249, 253; IT. 455.

acuta, I. 191, 250, 251, 252; II. 488.
Bushiana, I. 192, 250, 251.
Carpenteri, I. 191, 249.

. cerata, I. 191, 250, 251.
clavata, I. 249.

commutata, I. 250, 251, 252.
concava, I. 252.
concentrica, I. 191, 250.
corpulenta, I. 192, 254.
cuneata, I. 250, 251.
cuspidata, I. 249.

dilatata, I. 255.

eborea, I. 250.

fragilis, I. 251.

hebes, I. 192, 252.

inornata, I. 251.
intermedia, I. 252.
jamaicensis, I. 250, 251.
Jeffreysi, I. 253.
messanensis, I. 191, 249, 250, 251.
minuta, I. 252.

pusio, I. 192, 253. .
quadrangularis, I. 192, 253.
solida, I. 252

solidifaeta, I. 191, 252.
solidula, I. 191, 250.
subequilatera, I. 192, 252.
unca, I. 250, 251; II. 488.
Verrilliana, I. 191, 251.
vitrea, I. 250.

Leiomya, I. 196, 298.

adunca, I. 196.
granulata, 1. 196, 300.
halimera, 1. 197, 300.
notabilis, I. 300.
scaber, I. 196.
Smithii, I. 196.

teres, I. 800.

v. velvetina, I. 196, 300.
Leiostraca, II. 28, 326, 328.

acuta, II. 28, 328.
bilineata, IL. 329.
JSusus, II. 28, 329.
Hemphillii, II. 329.

BULLETIN OF THE

Leiostracus, II. 328.
Lembulus deltoideus, I. 251.
Lepetella, I. 181; II. 85, 850, 473.*
tubicola, II. 35, 473.
Lepetide, II. 436.
Leptochiton, II. 85, 414, 417.
cancellatus, II. 414.
fuliginatus, II. 414.
pergranatus, Il. 35, 414.
Leptochitonide, Il. 414.
Leptoidea, II. 414.
Leptonyx, II. 351, 352.
sanguineus, II. 351.
Leptothyra, II. 30, 351, 455.

v. albida, II. 30, 352, 353, 354.
carinata, II. 352.
filosa, II. 352.
induta, II. 30, 352.

v. insculpta, II. 30, 352.

v. limata, II. 80, 353.
Linnei, II. 80, 852, 358.
mammnnilla, I]. 352.
Philipiana, I. 80, 352, 353.
sanguinea, II. 352, 353.

v. tincta, II. 30, 352.

Le scalata, ITI. 299, 301, 308.
Leucosyrinz, Il. 8, 75, 81.
Sigsbeei, II. 8, 75.
subgrundifera, II. 9, 77.
tenoceras, II. 9, 75, 77.
Verrillii, II. 8, 75.
Leucozonia cingulata, II. 178.
cingulifera, II. 173.
dubia, II. 173.
ocellata, II. 173.
triserialis, II. 173.
Lienardia, II. 108.
Lima, I. 189, 224.
albicoma, I. 189, 228.
aperta, I. 225.
caribea, I. 224.
fasciata, I. 224.
fragilis, I. 225.
hians, I. 189, 225.
inflata, I. 189, 224.

v. planulata, I. 224.
scabra, I. 225.
squamosa, I. 189, 224.
tenera, I. 189, 224, 225.

Limea, I. 189, 226.
Bronniana, I. 189, 226.

v. lata, I. 189, 226, 227.

Sarsi, I. 226.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Limatula, I. 189, 225.
confusa, I. 226.
ovata, I. 2256, 226; II. 406.
setifera, I, 189, 225.

Limopsis, I. 186, 190, 236 ; IT. 455.
antillensis, I. 190, 237.
aurita, I. 190, 287.
cristata, I. 190, 237.
minuta, I. 190, 236.

v. paucidentata, I, 237.
tenella, I. 190, 236.
Linatella Poulsenii, II. 228.
Link, D. H. F. See Museum Rostockia-
num, II. 304.

Liochlamys, If. 15, 173.
bulbosa, II. 15, 273.

Lioconcha, I. 261, 262.

Liomesus, II. 15, 175, 176, 177, 230.
canaliculatus, II. 230.
Stimpsoni, Il. 15, 176.

Liotia, II. 32, 375, 385, 386, 387, 455.

v. aspina, II. 33, 388, 389.
Bairdii, Il. 83, 887, 388, 389.
Briareus, I. 32, 387, 388,* 389, 390.
cruentata, IT. 386, 387.
fenestrata, II. 386.
v. microforis, II. 390.
miniata, II. 33, 875, 387, 390.
vy. perforata, II. 82, 388.
Riisii, II. 387.
tricarinata, II. 33, 387, 389, 390.
v. trullata, Il. 38, 389.
variabilis, II. 88, 387, 390.

Liotina, II. 386.

Lippistes, II. 53, 386, 387, 392.
acrilla, II. 88, 887, 391.
amabilis, II. 38, 387, 392.
formosissima, IT. 387, 391.
Schrammi, II. 387.

Litorina anomala, II. 272.
litorea, II. 272.

Livonia, II. 150.

Longcheeus, II. 28, 331, 334.
candidus, II. 333.

Lophocardium, II. 443.

Lophyride, II. 416.

Lophyroidea, II. 414.

Loripes, I. 193, 265, 266.
compressa, I. 193, 266; II., Pl. XIV.
icterica, I. 265.
lacteus, I. 266.
lens, I. 198, 266.

Lotorium femorale, II. 228.

473

Lucina, I. 198, 264 ; II. 489.*
americana, I. 266.
antillarum, I. 193, 264.
borealis, 1. 266.

Candeana, I. 265,

costata, I. 264.

filosa, I. 266.

funiculata, I. 193, 265,
jamaicensis, I. 265.

lenticula, I. 193, 265; IL. 439.
leucocyma, I. 193, 264.
multilineata, II. 459.
quadrisulcata, I. 195, 266.
sagrinata, I. 193, 265; IL. 439.
scabra, I. 193, 265.
sombrerensis, I. 198, 264.
spinosa, II. 459.

Lunatia, II. 26, 277, 278, 293, 295.
fringilla, IL. 26, 295.
gronlandica, II. 296.
heros, II. 278.
leptalea, II. 26, 295.

v. perla, II. 26, 296.
semisulcata, II. 296.
subplicata, II. 296.
tenuis, II. 26, 295.
triseriata, II. 293.
vittata, II. 293.

Lunella, II. 356.
versicolor, II. 355.

Lyonsia, I. 284, 308; II. 489,* 446.
Beana, II. 442.*
bulla, I. 281, 283.*

Lyonsiella, I. 196, 273, 281, 285, 287, 288 ;

II. 437,* 446,* 449,* 450,* 452.
abyssicola, I. 272, 286, 288 ; II. 451.*
angulata, I. 288.
axinoides, I. 288.
gemma, I. 288, 289.
insculpta, I. 196, 288.
mytiloides, I. 288.
papyracea, II. 446.*
radiata, II. 442,* 451.*

Lyria, II. 145, 147, 156.

Lyropecten, I. 206.

Macheroplax cancellatus, II. 361.
Macrodon, I. 191, 244.
asperula, I. 191, 244.
sagrinata, I. 191, 245.
Mactra lateralis, II. 449.
Magilus, II. 220.
Malletia, I. 192, 253.

474

Malletia amabilis, Il. 488.

arrouana, I. 255.

cuneata, I. 255.

cytherea, I. 192, 254; II. 488.
dilatata, I. 192, 255.

Smithii, I. 192, 255.
veneriformis, I. 254.

Mamillana, II. 150.
Mamma, II. 363.

Mangelia.

See Mangilia.
acanthodes, II. 114.
hypsela, II. 91.

Mangilia, II. 10, 99, 100, 722, 455, 456.

V.

antonia, Il. 11, 116.

atrostyla, Il. 11, 111, 112, 113.

bandella, II. 11, 176.

caribea, II. 10, 172.

cerina, II. 106, 111, 722, 118.

cerinella, II. 112.

citronella, I., Expl. Pl. 1X.; II. 106,
112.

columbella, II. 271.

comatotropis, II. 11, 116.

corallina, If. 114.

costulata, II. 99.

. diminuta, II. 11, 724.

elusiva, II. 11, 125.
ephamilla, Il. 111, 112, 113.
eritima, II. 118.
exsculpta, II. 11, 717.
glypta, II. 181.
halitropis, II. 11, 114.
ipara, II. 11, 115.
lanceolata, II. 101.
Lavalleana, IT. 11, 222.
limonitella, II. 112.
lissotropis, II. 91.

. Malmii, Il. 128.

monocingulata, II. 11, 174.

muricoides, II. 101.

pelagia, II. 11, 117.

pentagonalis, II. 90.

Pourtalesii, I., Expl. Pl. TX.; I. 11,
118.

psila, II. 101.

quadrata, II. 11, 723.

rugirima, II. 11, 114.

scipio, II. 11, 117.

serga, II. 11, 112, 174.

Simpsoni, II. 91.

_ subsida, II. 11, 718.

tiara, IT. 116.
toreumata, II. 11, 178.

BULLETIN OF THE

Maravignia, II. 272.
Margariona, I. 227.

Margarita, II. 32, 350, 374, 375, 377, 455.

egleés, II. 379.

egleis, II. 379.
asperrima, II. 373.
erythrocoma, II. 82, 375.
euspira, II. 32, 378. °
filogyra, II. 356, 857.
helicina, II. 374.
uperialis, II. 382, 376.

infundibulum, II. 341,* 376, 380,*

381.
iris, II. 382.
lacunella, IT. 381.
lamellosa, II. 379.
lubrica, II. 382.
maculata, II, 381.
regalis, IJ. 380, 381.
y. samane, II. 32, 375.
scabriuscula, II. 379.
Margarites, II. 374.
Margaritifera, II. 374.
Margaritiphora, II. 374.
Marginella, II. 12, 136, 455.
alba, II. 148.
albolineata, II. 141, 142.
amabilis, II. 12, 237.
apicina, II. 12, 136.
aureocincta, II. 139.
avena, II. 141.
avenacea, II. 141.
avenella, II. 139.
Beyerleana, II. 141.
borealis, II. 136.
caribea, IT. 136.
carnea, II. 137.
cassis, II. 12, 137.
catenata, IT. 143.
conoidalis, II. 186.
denticulata, II. 139.
elata, II. 139.
flavida, II. 156.
fusca, IT. 15, 139.
fusina, II. 12, 138.
guttula, II. 141.
hematita, II. 13, 138.
lachrimula, IT. 142.
lactea, II. 142.
Lavalleana, II. 1438.
limatula, IT. 136.
livida, II. 136, 141.
minima, II. 143.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Marginella minuta, IT. 143.
nitida, II. 140.
oblonga, IL. 187.
opalina, II. 18, 238, 140.
pallida, II. 142.
paxillus, IL. 140.
Redfieldii, II. 18, 739, 140, 141.
rostrata, II. 12, 137.
seminula, II. 13, 239.
Smithii, II. 189.
styria, Il. 18, 140.
subtriplicata, II. 142.
succinea, II. 13, 739, 140, 141.
torticula, II. 18, 139, 140, 742.
triplicata, II. 142.
varia, IT. 141.
Watsonit, II. 12, 737.
yucatecana, II. 13, 138.
Marsenina ampla, II. 299.
Mastonia, II. 21, 242, 243, 244.

Mathilda, II. 28, 257, 258, 266, 301, 340.

barbadense, II. 23, 266, 267.
elegantissima, II. 266.

Rushii, Il. 23, 267, 341.

scitula, II. 28, 267.

sinensis, II. 267.

trochlea, II. 266.

yucatecana, II. 28, 257, 266, 267.

Mazzalina, II. 15, 173.
bulbosa, II. 178.
pyrula, II. 15, 173.

Megapty gma, II. 150.

Megathyris, I. 187, 208.

Megerlia incerta, I. 201.

Megoptygma, II. 150.

Meiocardia, I. 271.
Agassizii, I. 194, 271; II. 489.
vulgaris, I. 271.

Melanella, II. 28, 326, 328.
Dufresnei, II. 326, 328.
gibba, II. 327.

Melania, II. 326, 456.
rufa, II. 336.

Melanopsis, IT. 1382, 270.
capula, II. 271.

Melantho, II. 326.

Meleagrina, IT. 374.

Mesalia caribea, II. 265.
varia, II. 265.

Mesodon, II. 456.

Mesorhytis, II. 14, 172.
gracilentis, II. 172.

Meekiana, Il. 14, 172.

(See Cistella.)

Mesostoma, II. 24, 269, 270.
migrans, II. 24, 270.
pulchra, II. 269.

Meta cedonulli, If. 164.

Metaxia, II. 22, 252, 256.

Microgaza, II. 80, 856, 357.
rotella, II. 30, 357, 358.*
solarioides, Il. 358.

Microplax, II. 417.

Microvoluta, II. 163.

Mitra, II. 14, 98, 756, 174.
zthiopica, II. 160.
albicostata, II. 157.
albocincta, II. 157, 161, 165.
alveolus, II. 157.

v. antillensis, II. 158.
Bairdii, V1. 14, 161.
barbadensis, II. 157.
celigena, II. 157.
candida, II. 157.
casta, IT. 160.
cavea, II. 157.
chelonia, II. 157.
Defrancei, II. 161.
dermestina, II. 157.
Deshayesii, II. 14, 160.
Dupontii, II. 157.
ebenus, II. 157.
exigua, IJ. 157.
exilis, II. 157.
floridana, IT. 158.
fulgurita, II. 14, 758, 165.
fusoides, II. 163.
gemmata, II. 157.
granulosa, II. 157.
Hanleyana, IT. 157.
Hanleyi, IT. 157, 163.
histrio, II. 157.
interpunctata, II. 157.
lens, IJ. 157.
longispira, IT. 160.
Malleti, II. 159.
maura, II. 158.
microzonias, II. 157.
monilifera, II. 157.
nasuta, II. 160.
nitilina, IT. 157.
nodulosa, II. 157.
nucleola, II. 157.
obliquata, IT. 157.
pia, IT. 159.
picta, II. 157.
puella, II. 157.

476 BULLETIN

Mitra pulchella, II. 157.
Rushii, II. 14, 160.
rustica, II. 160.
semicostata, II. 157.
speciosa, II. 157.
staminea, II. 14, 157, 259.
striatula, II. 157.
styria, II. 14, 159, 168.
sulcata, II. 157.
Swainsoni, II. 14, 758.
tessellata, II. 157.
tiarella, II. 157.
torticula, II. 14, 162.
trophonia, II. 14, 161.

Mitromorpha, II. 14, 164.
biplicata, II. 14, 165.
dormitor, II. 164.

* filosa, II. 164.

Mitrularia, II. 25, 282.
equestris, II. 25, 283.
Neptuni, II. 283.

Modiella, I. 234.

Modiola, I. 190, 234.
cinnamomea, I. 236, 287.
lutea, I. 234,
opifex, I. 190, 235.
polita, I. 181, 190, 234.*

Modiolarca, IT. 446.
trapesina, II. 442, 451.

Modiolaria, I. 190, 236.
lateralis, I. 190, 236.
lignea, I. 236.
polita, I. 234.

Mohnia, II. 174, 175.

Mohni, II. 176.
Molleria, II. 393.
Monodonta, II. 303.
Monoptygma styliformis, II. 338.
Mopaliidez, II. 416.
Mucronalia xanthias, IT. 338.
Murchisonella spectrum, II. 403.
Murchisonia, II. 408.

spectrum, II. 402.

Murex, II. 17, 195, 203, 210, 212, 215.

acanthopterus, II. 210.
adustus, II. 197, 198.
alveatus, II. 208, 209, 211.
anus, IT. 221.

asperrimus, II. 199.
Beaui, II. 17, 195.
brassica, IT. 197.
breviculus, II. 210.
brevifrons, II. 198.

OF THE

Murex brevispina, II. 209.

Cabritii, II. 17, 296.
Cailleti, II. 17, 297.
cancellata, II. 215.
cancellinus, II. 221.
carduus, II. 200.

casta, II. 211.
cataphracta, IT. 81.
cellulosa, II. 210, 211.
chrysostoma, II. 197.
concinnus, II. 197.
costatus, II. 227.
cyclostomus, II. 211.
distinctus, IT. 208, 210.
elegans, II. 17, 195, 296, 197.
erosus, II. 210.
fimbriatus, II. 200.
florifer, II. 198.
Gundlachi, II. 196.
gyrinus, II. 223.
hexagonus, II. 212.
Hidalgoi, II. 198.
hystricina, II. 205.
imperialis, II. 199.
intermedius, II. 210.
interserratus, IT. 199, 200.
jamaicensis, II. 211.
laceratus, II. 217.
leucoderma, II. 208.
luculentus, II. 200.
macropterus, II. 201.
messorius, II. 17, 196.
metaxa, II. 256.
mexicanus, IT. 199.
mulus, II. 221.
nodatus, II. 17, 195, 197.
nuceus, II. 210.
obeliscus, II. 208, 209.
ostrearum, II. 212.
palmarose, IT. 197.

pauperculus, IT. 208, 209, 211.

Pazi, II. 199, 200.
pileare, II. 227.
pomiformis, IT. 199.

pomum, II. 197, 798, 199, 201.

quadrifrons, II. 197, 198,
ramosus, II. 197.

rana, II. 222.
recurvirostris, IT. 196, 197.
rufus, II. 197, 198, 201.
scalarinus, II. 208.
scalarioides, II. 207, 208.
scalaroides, II. 208.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 477

Murex spinacosta, II. 198, Nassa exilis, II. 180.
spinicostata, II. 198. guadeloupensis, II. 178.
subulatus, II. 252. Hotessieri, II. 16, 188, 785, 186.
tetragonus, II. 211. Hotessieriana, II. 185.
tornatus, II. 72. incrassata, II. 184.
trilineatus, II. 196. nigrolabra, II. 184.
tritonis, II, 225. obtusata, II. 184.
trunculus, IT. 209. ornata, II. 180.
Tryoni, II. 196. papillosa, II. 180.
virgo, II. 72. v. pernitida, II. 16, 186.
zelandicus, II. 200. pura, II. 184.

Muricanthus radix, II, 197. reticulata, II. 180.

Muricida, II. 17, 194. scissurata, II. 16, 185.

Muricidea, II. 18, 209, 212, 214. spinulosa, II. 186.
Blainvillei, I. 212. textilina, II. 178.
floridana, II. 18, 272. trivittata, II. 183.
Hemphillii, II. 215. unicincta, II. 178, 183.
hexagona, II. 18, 210, 212. vibex, IT. 183.
multangula, II. 18, 165, 174, 223. Nassaria, ITI. 15, 780, 181.
Philippiana, I. 18, 213. Nassarina, II. 15, 181.
scalarioides, II. 208. Bushii, Il. 15, 181, 182.

Muricopsis, II. 212. columbellata, II. 15, 181, 182.

Museum Boltenianum, II. 302. glypta, II. 15, 787, 182.
Calonnianum, II. 502. Grayi, II. 15, 181, 183.
Rostockianum, II. 304. Nassarius, IT. 180.

Mya truncata, I. 310. Natica, II. 26, 292, 386.

Myonera, I. 197, 293, 302; Il. 439, 441,* avellana, II. 292.

448,* 450,* 452,* 455. brunnea, II. 296.
angularis, I. 302, 303. campechiensis, IT. 296.
lamellifera, I. 197, 304. canrena, II. 26, 292, 293.
laticella, I. 197, 305. caribea, II. 296.
limatula, I. 197, 304. castrensis, II. 26, 293.
paucistriata, I. 197, 293, 302, 305,* Dillwynii, II. 292.

445.* duplicata, II. 296.
undata, I. 197, 302, 304, 305. elena, IT. 294.

Mytilimeria, I. 196, 286, 287,* 288; IT. Fordiana, II. 296.

446. fossata, II. 296.
flexuosa, I. 286. Sringilla, II. 295, 296.
Nuttallii, I. 196. intricata, II. 294, 295.

Mytilus, I. 190, 233. jamaicensis, II. 292.
exustus, I. 190, 232. lacernula, II. 298.
lateralis, I. 236. lactea, II. 296.
luteus, I. 234. leptalea, IT. 295.

limacina, IT. 293.

Nassa, II. 16, 1382, 177, 178, 180, 181, 783. lineata, II. 26, 294.
acuta, II. 183, 185. livida, II. 26, 292.
alba, II. 184. mamilla, II. 152.
ambigua, II. 16, 784, 185. mamillaris, IT. 296,
annellifera, II. 184. maroccana, II. 26, 292, 293.
antillarum, IT. 184. marochiensis, IT. 292.
Candei, II. 184. ochrostoma, II. 296.
candidissima, IT. 184. operculata, II. 295.

consensa, II. 16, 183, 785. perlineata, II. 26, 294.

478

Natica Pfeifferi, II. 296.

porcellana, II. 296.

proxima, II. 292, 293.

pulchella, II. 298.
pusilla, IL, 296.
radiata, II. 295, 296.
rufilabris, II. 293.
semisulcata, II. 296.
spheroides, II. 296.
sulcata, II. 296.
tenuis, II. 295.
texasiana, II. 296.
uberina, II. 296.
vittata, II. 293.

Nautilus, I. 185.
Neera, I. 292.

abbreviata, I. 301.
adunca, I. 299.
alternata, I. 297, 298.
angularis, I. 502.
arcuata, I. 296.
behringensis, I. 296.
Brazieri, I. 299.
chinensis, I. 292.

claviculata, I. 301, 302.

congenita, I. 301.
consociata, I. 304.
contracta, I. 802, 304.
costata, I. 296.
costellata, I. 297.
curta, I. 297.
fragilissima, I. 802.

gomerensis, I. 300, 301.

Gouldiana, I. 296.
granulata, I. 299, 300.
inflata, I. 300, 301.
Jeffreysi, I. 295.

lamellifera, 1. 800, 802, 304.

laticella, I. 3802.
limatula, I. 802, 304.
multicostata, I. 298.
notabilis, I. 300.
obesa, I. 295, 303.*
ornatissima, I. 296.
paucistriata, I. 302.
pectinata, I. 296.
pellucida, I. 298.
perrostrata, I. 296.

philippinensis, I. 300. ©

rostrata, I. 294.

semistrigosa, I. 500, 304.

striata, I. 298.

BULLETIN OF THE

Newera sulcifera, I. 802.
teres, I. 300, 301.
undata, I. 302, 304.

Neilo dilatata, I. 255.

Neilonella, I. 192, 254.

Neithea, I. 206, 222.

Nembrotha gratiosa, IT. 4538.

Neosimnia, II. 20, 234, 235.

Neptunea, II. 174.

Neritina, I]. 841,* 342, 344, 349.
anomala, II. 359.

Neverita, II. 26, 294.
duplicata, II. 296.
intricata, IT. 294.
nubila, II. 26, 294.

Niso, II. 28, 281, 283, 329.
egleés, II. 28, 330, 331.

v. albida, II. 28, 330.

v. circinata, II. 28, 330.
imbricata, IJ. 381.
interrupta, IT. 28, 330, 331.

splendidula, II. 28, 329, 381.

v. tricolor, II. 28, 330.
Willcoxiana, II. 28, 331.
Nitidella, II. 16, 187, 789.
cribraria, II. 189.
dichroa, II. 189.
v. dicomata, II. 16, 189.
filosa, II. 194.
levigata, II. 189.
moleculina, II. 16, 789.
nitidula, II. 16, 789.
parvula, IT. 189.
Notoplax, II. 36, 476.
Jfloridanus, Il. 36, 416,* 417.
speciosus, II. 416, 417.

Nucula, I. 191, 245; II. 877, 484.*

acuta, I. 251.
egeénsis, I. 191, 246.
cancellata, I. 248.
crenulata, I. 191, 247.
culebrensis, I. 247.
cymella, I. 191, 246.
vy. obliterata, I. 191, 247.
proxima, I. 246.
pusio, I. 253.
sulcata, I. 247.
tenuis, I. 246.
trigona, I. 248.
Verrillii, I. 191, 248.
Nuculana, I. 245.
Nuculocardia divaricata, I. 235.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Obeliscus, IT. 831, 835.
arenosus, IT. 381.
candidus, II. 333.
crenulatus, II. 331.
floridanus, II. 381.
hastatus, IT. 882.
nitidulus, IL. 334.
sufarcinatus, IT. 334,
tessellatus, II. 331.
tinctus, II. 354.
turritus, II. 335.
nuceus, II. 210.

Ocinebra, II. 18, 199, 209, 20.
Cantrainei, II. 208.
erinacea, II. 210, 214.
scalaroides, II. 208.

Odostomia, II. 334.
alba, II. 327.
fulvocincta, IT. 336.
nitidula, IT. 334.
rufa, II. 336.
unifasciata, IT. 338.

Oliva, II. 12, 733, Pl. XXXIV.*
conoidalis, II. 134.

litterata, II. 12, 733, Pl. XXXIV.*

mutica, II. 133.
reticularis, II. 12, 733.
Sayana, II. 133.
Olivella, II. 12, 233.
bullula, II. 12, 235.
exigua, II. 154.
floralia, II. 186.
Suscocincta, IL. 12, 134, 185.
jaspidea, II. 12, 134, 135.
mutica, II. 12, 133.*
nitidula, II. 134.
nympha, II. 136.

y. rotunda, II. 12, 134.
tubulata, II. 12, 136.
zonalis, II. 133.

Omalalaxis, II. 276.
Omalaxis, II. 24, 276.
lirata, II. 278.
nobilis, II. 24, 276.
zanclea, II. 276. .
Omalaxon, II. 276.
Omaloxon, IIL. 276.
Ombrella, II. 60.
Onchidium, II. 437.
Oniscia oniscus, II. 231.
Oniscidia, II. 20, 231.
Dennisoni, II. 20, 232.

Oscorys, II. 19, 175, 228, 229, 281, 233.

Ovcorys abyssorum, IT. 19, 229.

sulcata, II. 19, 228, 229, 230.

Opalia, IL. 800, 308, 824.
anomala, II. 306.
borealis, II. 308, 324.
Gouldii, II. 308.
longissima, II. 324.
sceva, II. 320.
subvaricosa, II. 320.
Wroblewskyi, II. 308, 324.

Operculatum, II. 60.
bermudense, II. 61.

Opsichitonia, II. 86, 414, 416.

Orbis, II. 276.

Pingeli, II. 276.

Oscilla, II. 29, 339.
annulata, II. 339.
nivea, II. 29, 339, 340.

Ostrea fasciata, I. 224.
hians, I. 225.
spondy loidea, I. 227.
tenuiplicata, I. 251.

Otocheilus mississippiensis, II. 1465.

Ovula acicularis, II. 234.
carnea, II. 234.
carolinensis, II. 236.
oblonga, II. 235.
patula, II. 237.
spelta, II. 235.

Ovulacteon, II. 5, 42, 242.
Meekii, II. 5, 43.

Ovulum aciculare, II. 234.
antillarum, II. 236.
arcuatum, IT. 236.
gibbosum, II. 237.
intermedium, II. 236.
subrostratum, II. 236.
uniplicatum, II. 235.

Oxygyrus, II. 386.

Oxystele, II. 378.

Padollus Pourtalesii, II. 395.

Pallium, I. 206.

Pandora, I. 197, 311.
brevifrons, I. 511.
Bushiana, I. 197, 311, 312.
carolinensis, I. 3271, 312.
depressa, I. 312.
Jloridana, I. 312.
glacialis, I. 311.
Gouldiana, I. 197, 312.
nasuta, I. 312.
oblonga, I. 311.

4

(

9

480

Pandora tabacea, I. 312.
trilineata, I. 311.

Parastarte, I. 259.

Parkeria, II. 3860.

Parmophorus, II. 345.

Patella, II. 347, 411,* 450.
aculeata, II. 285.
albicosta, II. 409.
antillarum, II. 343, 409.
auricula, II. 284.
calyptra, II. 287.
chinensis, II. 285.
compressa, II. 413.
confusa, II. 410.
cubaniana, II. 409.
leucopleura, II. 409.
melanoleuca, II. 409, 410.
notata, II. 409.
porcellana, II. 285.
puncturata, II. 409.
pustula, II. 409.
surinamensis, II. 409.
trochiformis, II. 285.

Patellide, II. 487.

Payraudeautia, II. 26, 294.

Paziella, II. 199, 200.

Pecchiolia, I. 196, 287, 288.
angulata, I. 288.
argentea, I. 196, 287.
subquadrata, I. 272, 273.
tornata, I. 281.

Pecten, I. 188, 206; * II. 434,* 455.
alaskensis, I. 215.
antillarum, I. 188, 206,* 218.*
antiquatus, I. 213.
asper, I. 217.
caurinus, I. 188, 206,* 216.*
Clintonius, I. 216.
concentricus, I. 213.
dislocatus, I. 188, 216, 217.
dispar, I. 219.
effluens, I. 188, 219.
exasperatus, I. 188, 278.
fimbriatus, I. 213.
furtivus, I. 219, 220.
fusco-purpureus, I. 218.
hemicyclicus, I. 207.
Hoskynsi, I. 221, 218.
imbrifer, I. 189, 214, 220, 221.
irradians, I. 206.*
leptalea, I. 221.
lucidum, I. 212. (222.
magellanicus, I. 188, 206,* 207, 216,

June 6, 1889.

BULLETIN OF THE

Pecten mammillatus, I. 220.

meridionale, I. 212.

nodosus, I. 235.

noronhensis, I. 218,

nucleus, I. 188, 206,* 216, 217.
ornatus, I. 188, 218.

Philippii, I. 217.

phrygium, I. 188, 217, 218*; II. 488,
pleuronectes, I. 207, 208.
Pourtalesianum, I. 212.
principoides, I. 216.
pseudamusium, I. 219.
purpuratus, I. 217.
pustulosus, I. 220.

reticulus, I. 189, 221.

rigida, I. 219.

Sigsbeei, I. 189, 223.

similis, I. 207.

tenuicostatus, I. 216.
thalassinus, I. 189, 221.

Tryoni (= P. glyptus Ver.), II. 488.
ziczac, I. 207.

Pectinibranchiata, II. 62.
Pectinium, I. 208.
Pectinodonta, II. 35, 411.*

arcuata, II. 35, 411.

Pectunculus, I. 190.

angulatus, I. 238.
aratus, I. 239.

. carinatus, I. 190, 239, 240.

carolinensis, I. 288, 239.
charlestonensis, I. 289.
decussatus, I. 238.
hirtus, I. 238.

lineatus, I. 288, 239.
oculatus, I. 239.

parilis, I. 238.

passus, I. 238.
pectinatus, I. 190, 239.
pectiniformis, I. 239.
pennaceus, I. 238.
pilosus, I. 239.
quinquerugatus, I. 238.
scriptus, I. 190, 288.
tricenarius, I. 2388.
undatus, I. 190, 238, 239.
undulatus, I. 238.
variegatus, I. 239.

Pedicularia, II. 20, 234, 237, 238.*

albida, II. 237.
decussata, II. 20, 237, 288.*
sicula, IT. 238.

Periploma, I. 197, 305, 808, 809.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Periploma angulifera, I. 305, 306.

fragilis, I. 197, 806.*
ineequivalvis, I. 805.
papyracea, I. 197, 306.*
papyratia, I. 806.
undulata, I. 306.

Peristichia, Il. 29, 339.
agria, II. 29, 340.
toreta, II. 29, 339, 340.

Perna, II. 450, 451.
ephippium, II. 434, 442, 450.

Perotrochus, II. 34, 397.

Perrieria, II. 200.

Persicula, II. 13, 136, 143.
catenata, II. 13, 143.

Persona, II. 220.
anus, II. 220.

Petaloconchus, II. 23, 262.
irregularis, II. 262.

Petricola, I. 194, 276.
divaricata, I. 194, 276.

Pharcidella, Il. 29, 333, 334.
Folinii, II. 29, 334.

Phasianella, II. 30, 302, 826, 351.
affinis, II. 351.
brevis, II. 30, 352.
concinna, II. 351.
concolor, II. 351.
inflexa, II. 326, 328.
pulchella, II. 351.
tessellata, II. 351.
umbilicata, II. 351.

Phasianema, II. 278.

Philine, II. 7, 57.
amabilis, II. 59.
angulata, II. 58.
aperta, II. 58.
Candeana, II. 58.
finmarchica, II. 57.
flexuosa, IL. 7, 59.
infundibulum, II. 7, 57,* 58.
planata, II. 7, 58.*
quadrata, II. 57.
sagra, II. 58.

Phlegmodoris anceps, II. 453.

Phorus, II. 290.

Phos, II. 15, 177, 178.
antillarum, II. 179.
Beaui, II. 15, 178,* 179, 180.
Candei, II. 15, 179.
erectus, II. 179.
Grateloupianus, II. 179.
guadeloupensis, II. 178.

VOL. XVIII.

31

481

Phos intricatus, II. 15, 180.
pallidus, II. 178.
parvus, II. 15, 180, 226.
senticosus, II. 179, 180.
unicinctus, II. 15, 778.
veraguaénsis, II. 179.

Phyllidiopsis papilligera, I. 453.

Phyllonotus, II. 17, 198, 199.
fulvescens, II. 17, 198.
hystricinus, LI. 17, 200, 205.
interserratus, II. 17, 299, 200.
Pazi, II. 17, 199.
pomum, II. 17, 197, 298.

Pilidium fulvum, II. 412.

Piliscus Krebsii, II. 290.

Pisania, II. 15, 177.
zthiops, II. 177.
coromandeliana, II. 180.
janeirense, II. 177.
‘maculosa, II. 177.
pusio, II. 177. .
striata, II. 177.
tranquebarica, II. 180.
undosa, II. 180.

Placophoride, II. 416.

Platidia, I. 187, 204.
anomioides, I. 187, 204.

v. radiata, I. 187, 204.*

Plectodon, I. 196, 299, 300; II. 895.
granulata, I. 300.
scaber, I. 295, 299.

vy. velvetina, I. 300.

Plejona, II. 146.

Pleuronectia, I. 208.
lucida, I. 211.

Pleurotoma, II. 8, 72, 303, 455.
acanthodes, II. 114.
albella, II. 188.
albida, II. 8, 72, 73.
amblia, II. 92.
antillarum, IT. 72, 111.
antonia, II. 116.
bandella, ITI. 116.
Barretti, II. 72.
buccinoides, II. 180.
calliope, II. 78.
caribea, IJ. 111.
cataphracta, II. 80.
Catherine, II. 100.
cedonulli, II. 77, 78.
chariessa, II. 122.
chyta, II. 115.
circinata, II. 99.

482 BULLETIN OF THE

Pleurotoma circumvoluta, II. 84. Pleurotoma smirna, II. 94.

cirrata, II. 128.
cirratum, II. 128.
coccinata, II. 90.
columbaria, II. 78.
columbella, Il. 271.
comatotropis, II. 116.
controversa, II. 78.
corticaria, II. 114.
Dalli, IT. 92.

detecta, II. 84.
didyma, II. 79.
diminuta, I. 118, 114.
ebur, II. 89.

elusiva, II. 115.
exasperata, II. 88.
exsculpta, IL. 117.
extensa, II. 126.
filifera, II. 123.
fucata, II. 89.

speciosa, II. 75.
streptophora, II. 126.
subgrundifera, II. 76.
subsida, II. 118.

. tellea, IL. 8, 72, 73.

tiara, II. 116.
Verrillii, II. 75, 93.
Vespuciana, II. 111.
vibex, II. 8, 73.
virgo, II. 72.

Pleurotomaire, II. 396.

Pleurotomaria, I. 185; II. 34, 368, 377,

396.

Adansoniana, II. 34, 400,* 434,*

435.*

Quoyana, II. 34, 397,* 400, 401, 402.

Pleurotomella, II. 11, 99, 729.

=

Agassizii, II. 11, 221.
agria, II. 11, 127.

gratula, II. 110. v. aresta, II. 11, 123.
haitensis, II. 72. Bairdii, II. 122, 123.
havanensis, II. 93. bandella, II. 116.
hormophora, II. 106. v. Benedicti, II. 11, 779.

hypsela, II. 91.

incilis, II. 110.
insignis, II. 99.

ipara, II. 115.

Jelskii, IL. 72.
Lavalleana, II. 111.
leucomata, II. 120.
leucophlegma, II. 102.
limacina, II. 106.
lissotropis, II. 91.
lithocolleta, II. 95.
lunata, II. 95, 96.
mitrella, II. 79.

. normalis, IT. 126.
nucleata, IT. 92.
oleacina, II. 94.
pagoda, II. 99.

paria, II. 89.

pelagia, II. 117.
peripla, II. 115.
periseelida, II. 8, 74.
perpauxilla, II. 115, 116.
polytorta, II. 85.
Pourtalesii, II. 118.
quadrata, II. 1138.
serga, I., Expl. Pl. IX. ; II. 114.
Sigsbeei, II. 76.
Simpsoni, II. 91.
sinuata, II. 180.

<

Vv.
V.

Blakeana, II. 11, 126.
catasarca, II. 11, 124, 125.
chariessa, II. 11, 222, 128.
diomedee, II. 116.

Edgariana, If. 11, 121, 122, 128.

Emertonii, II. 11, 104, 722.
extensa, II. 11, 126.
Silifera, II. 11, 123.
formosa, II. 11, 179.
hadria, Il. 11, 125.
Jeffreysii, II. 122, 128.
leucomata, II. 11, 120.

. Malmii, Il. 11, 127, 128.
. mexicana, II. 121.

Packardi, II. 11, 99, 129.

. phalera, Il. 11, 123.

Saffordi, II. 119.
Sandersoni, II. 121.
Sigsbeei, II. 76.
spica, II. 11, 123.
tellea, Il. 11, 123.
Verrillii, II. 75.

Pleurotomidea, II. 8, 77.*

larval shells, II. 124.

Plicatula, I. 189.

marginata, I. 227.
ramosa, I. 227.
spondyloidea, I. 189, 227.

Polyconche, Il. 35, 413.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 483

Polynices, ITI. 26, 296. Puncturella noachina, II. 405.
brunnea, II. 206. rostrata, II. 404.
mamillaris, II. 296. trifolium, LL. 34, 403.
uberina, II. 26, 296. Watsoni, II. 34, 403.

Pomatoceras, II. 418. Purpura, II. 18, 81, 227.

Poromya, I. 195, 280,* 281, 288, 299; II. deltoidea, II. 217.

61, 395, 441, 446,* 449,* 450,* 452.* floridana, II. 217.
albida, I. 195, 282. hemastoma, II. 217.
anatinoides, I. 280, 281. patula, If. 217.
australis, I. 281, 282. trinidadensis, II. 217.
bulla, I. 195, 283;* IT. 440.* undata, II. 217.
elongata, I. 195, 283 ;* II. 440.* Pyramidella, II. 28, 331, 332, 338, 334,
granatina, I. 316. 835, 339.
granulata, I. 195, 280, 281, 282,* alveata, IT. 351.

284; II. 443, 448.* arenosa, II. 532.
levis, I. 281. auricoma, II. 28, 332.
mactroides, II. 448, 448.* candida, II. 28, 332, 333, 334.
margarita, I. 195, 284. conica, II. 331, 332, 338.
neeroides, I. 281, 282, 283. crenulata, II. 28, 331, 382,* 333.
rotundata, I. 282. dolabrata, II. 29, 334.
sublevis, I. 281, 282; II. 448.* Folinii, II. 29, 334.

Poweria, II. 206. Gundlachi, IT. 333.
scalarina, II. 208. hastata, II. 331.

Propeamusium, I. 188, 206, 210. mediterranea, IT. 334.

Propilidium, II. 35, 346, 410, 472. minuscula, II. 334.
ancyloide, II. 35, 412.* monilifera, II. 332.
elegans, II 412.* nitidula, II. 29, 334.
pertenue, II. 412. tessellata, II. 331.

Proscenula, II. 284. variegata, II. 332.

Psephea concinna, II. 150. Pyrene strix, II. 192.

Pseudamusium, I. 189, 206, 218, 279. Pyrgiscus, IT. 301.
pustulosum, I. 222. Pyrgulifera, II. 132.
strigillatum, II. 488.
thalassinum, I. 207, 221. Radius, IT. 234.

Pseudomalaxis, II. 276. Rana, II. 222.

Pseudomurex, II. 212, 217. Ranella, II. 206, 209, 212, 223.

Pseudorotella, II. 360. affinis, IT. 224.
semistriata, II. 360, 361. anceps, II. 206, 207, 224.

Psychrosoma, II. 300, 308. caudata, II. 202.

Ptenoglossa, II. 27, 299. crassa, IJ. 224.

Pteronotus, II. 17, 207, 208. crumena, II. 223.
cordismei, IT. 201. cubaniana, II. 224.
macropterus, II. 17, 207. gigantea, II. 224.
phaneus, II. 17, 201. granifera, II. 224.
tristichus, II. 17, 202. granulata, II. 224.

Pteropurpura macroptera, II. 201. Grayana, II. 224.

Ptychosalpinx, IT. 175, 176. hastula, II. 207, 211, 224.
altile, II. 176. lamellosa, II. 208, 209.
Escheri, II. 176. lanceolata, II. 225.
globulus, IT. 175. livida, II. 224.

Puncturella, II. 84, 403, 404,* 405, 412. muriciformis, II. 204.
asturiana, IT. 405. ponderosa, IT. 224.

circularis, II. 34, 403. producta, II. 207.

484. BULLETIN OF THE

Ranella pyramidalis, II. 207.
rhodostoma, II. 224.
siphonata, II. 223.
spinosa, II. 222.
thome, II. 224.

Ranularia, II. 19, 226.
tuberosa, ITI. 19, 226.

Retusa, II. 6, 29.
celata, II. 45.
obesiuscula, II. 6, 49.
omphalis, II. 45.
ovata, LL. 6, 45, 49.
sulcata, IT. 45.

Rhinoclama, I. 197, 299, 300.
teres, I. 301.

Rhinomya, I. 300.

Rhizocheilus antipathicus, II. 218.
madreporarum, IT. 218, 220.

Rhizorus, IL. 51, 234.

Ricinula, IJ. 217.

Rimula, II. 34, 405, 406.
asturiana, II. 350, 404.
capuliformis, II. 404.
Jrenulata, I. 34, 406.
messanensis, II. 404.

Ringicula, II. 5, 43.
floridana, II. 5, 44.

v. Guppyt, II. 6, 44.
leptocheila, II. 43, 44.
nitida, II. 5, 43.
peracuta, II. 45, 44.
semistriata, II. 44.
tridentata, II. 44.

Ringiculina, II. 5, 43.

Rissoa, IT. 25, 279.
aculeus, IT. 280.
acuticostata, II. 25, 280.
apicina, II. 280.
arenaria, IT. 280.
areolata, II. 280.
australis, IT. 280.
brychia, II. 280.
carinata, IT. 280.
eastanea, IT. 280.
coronata, II. 820.
deliciosa, II. 280.
harpa, II. 280.
Jan-Mayeni, II. 280.
leptalea, II. 280.
melanura, II. 258.
pelagica, II. 280.
precipitata, II. 25, 279.
pyrrhias, II. 280.

Rissoa Sandersoni, II. 280.

syngenes, II. 280.
tenuisculpta, II. 280.
tervaricosa, II. 258.
turgida, II. 280.
xanthias, II. 280.

Rissoina, II. 25, 281, 340.

albida, II. 25, 281.
bryerea, II. 281.
cancellata, II. 281.
Catesbyana, II. 281.
Chesnelii, II. 25, 287.
decussata, IT. 25, 281.
denticulata, II. 317.
levigata, Il. 25, 281.
multicostata, II. 281.
Philippiana, IT. 281.
pulchra, II. 281.
Sagraiana, II. 281.
scalarella, IJ. 281.
scalaroides, II. 281.
striatocostata, II. 281.
striosa, IT. 281.
Rotella, II. 358.
Rupicola, I. 806.

Sabalia, II. 53.

Sabatia, II. 6, 53.
bathymophila, II. 6, 63.
Isseli, II. 53, 54.

Sandalium, II. 25, 285, 286.

Saturnia, I. 192, 253.

Saxicava, I. 198, 317.
azaria, I. 198, 317.
rugosa, I. 317.

Scala, II. 27, 299, 300, 301, 306,* 455.
apiculata, II. 27, 310.
aurifila, II. 28, 322.
babylonia, II. 27, 311, 312.

v. bahamensis, II. 317.
belaurita, 11. 27, 316.
vy. bicarinata, IT. 28, 321.
centiquadra, II. 27, 811, 315, 377,
318.
clathratula, II. 309, 315.
clathrus, II. 27, 800, 805, 306,* 309,
811, 314.

communis, II. 306.*
commutata, IT, 311.
concava, II. 28, 323.
contorquata, II. 27, 318.
costulata, II. 27, 807.
Dalliana, II. 27, 312, 326.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 485

Scala decussata, IT. 312, 313. Scalaria cochlea, II. 300.
denticulata, II. 817. communis, II. 299, 800, 309.
Diane, II. 317. costulata, II. 308.
discobolaria, IL, 28, 824. crassilabris, II. 820.
dubia, II. 318. crassilabrum, II. 520.
Dunkeriana, IL. 27, 815. decussata, II. 812.
eburnea, II. 27, 315. dubia, II. 813.
formosissima, II. 27, 819. Eschrichtii, II. 300, 808.
Frielei, If. 27, 313. formosissima, IL. 319.
grandis, II. 302. fragilis, II. 316.
hellenica, II. 27, 820, 321. hellenica, II. 320.
hyalina, II. 316. Humphreysii, II. 309.
Krebsii, II. 27, 378. inconspicua, II. 300.
lamellosa, II. 311. lamellosa, II. 302, 311.

v. Leeana, II. 27, 321. Leeana, II. 320.
lineata, II. 27, 307.* leptalea, II. 309.
maculata, LI. 302. lineolata, IL. 314.
modesta, II. 27, 372. magnifica, II. 300.

v. Mérchiana, II. 28, 821, 322. modesta, II. 311.
multistriata, II. 27, 309,* 310. niultistriata, II. 309.*
muscapedia, II. 27, 314. pachypleura, II. 300.
nitidella, II. 27, 314. pernobilis, II. 316.

y. nodosocarinata, II. 27, 321. Pourtalesii, II. 317.
notha, IT. 802. pretiosa, II. 299, 300, 301, 375.
permodesta, II. 27, 311. Scacchii, II. 320.
pernobilis, II. 27, 316,* 317. scalaris, II. 300.
polacia, II. 27, 319. semidisjuncta, IT. 314.
Pourtalesii, II. 27, 377. soluta, II. 315.

v. pumilio, II. 27, 320, 321. subvaricosa, II. 320.
retifera, II. 27, 312. trinodosa, II. 300.
Rushii, Il. 27, 313. triquintinaria, II. 300.
Sayana, II. 27, 306,* 307, 309.* turbinata, II. 309.

vy. sceva, II. 27, 320, 322. uncinaticosta, II. 318.
scipio, II. 27, 310. unifasciata, II. 300.
sericifila, II. 27, 312. varicosa, II. 300.
soluta, II. 315. varicostata, II. 800.

vy. stylina, II. 27, 313. Sealarus, IT. 299.
subvaricosa, II. 321. Scalatarius, II. 299.
Swiftii, II. 318. Scalina, IT. 300, 301.
Trevelyana, II. 306.* triquintinaria, II. 300.
turricula, II. 318. Sealiola, II. 300, 306.
uncinaticosta, II. 27, 378. bella, II. 300.
undecimeostata, II. 311. Scaphander, ITI. 6, 52.
venosa, II. 311. gracilis, II. 54.

Scalaria, II. 299, 300, 308, 804, 305. librarius, IT. 52.
aciculina, II. 310. lignarius, II. 52, 53.
acuminata, IT. 300. niveus, II. 54.
angulata, IT. 309. nobilis, IT. 53.
australis, II. 300. punctostriatus, II. 6, 52.
bicarinata, II. 320. Watsoni, II. 6, 52.
borealis, II. 308. Scaphella, II. 18, 144, 147,* 451, 452.*
clathratula, IT. 315. ancilla, II. 145, 147.

clathrus, II. 800, 301. concinna, II. 150, 151.

486 BULLETIN OF THE

Scaphella demissa, II. 150.
dubia, II. 144, 750, 154.
Gouldiana, II. 144, 754.
junonia, II. 13, 67, 148, 152, 153,

154, 156.
Lamberti, II. 145.
lyriformis, II. 150.
magellanica, II. 452.*
megaspira, II. 150, 151.
mutabilis, II. 152, 154.
Newcombiana, II. 145.
Prevostiana, II. 150, 151.
robusta, II. 144.
scapha, II. 156.
Stearnsii, II. 145, 151, 755.*
undulata, IT. 148.

Schismatobranchia, II. $41.*

Schizochitonide, II. 416.

Schizoplax, II. 416.

Schizotrochus, II. 38, 396.

Scissurella, II. 88, 396.
alta, II. 38, 396.
crispata, II. 33, 396.

Scobinella, II. 98.
celata, II. 98.

Scoliostoma, II. 301.

Sconsia, II. 20, 280, 231, 232.
Striata, II. 20, 232.

Scurria, II. 486,* 450.*

Scutella, II. 342.*

Scutellina, IT. 29, 342,* 348, 410, 411, 437.

antillarum, II. 30, 342, 343.*

crenulata, II. 342.

ferruginea, II. 342.
Seguenzia, II. 23, 268, 274, 383, 385, 403.

carinata, II. 383.

delicatula, II. 384.

elegans, II. 383.

eritima, IT. 269.

formosa, II. 268, 269.

ionica, II. 23, 268.

monocingulata, II. 25, 268.

nitida, II. 269.

trispinosa, II. 268, 383.
Seila, II. 22, 250.

dextroversus, II. 250.

terebralis, II. 22, 250, 251.*
Semele, I. 195, 279.

cancellata, I. 195, 279.

obliqua, I. 195, 279.
Seminella Stearnsii, II. 194.
Separatista, II. 24, 277.

cingulata, II. 24, 277.*

Serpula lumbricalis, II. 261, 453.

Sigaretus, II. 26, 297,* 298, 360.
antillarum, II. 297.
depressus, II. 297.
haliotoideus, II. 297.
maculatus, II. 297.
martinianus, IJ. 297.
minor, II. 26, 297.
perspectivus, II. 297,* 360.
problematicus, II. 298.
zonatus, II. 297.

Silenia, II. 441, 447, 451.
Sarsii, II. 447.

Siliquaria, II. 23, 259.
modesta, II. 28, 260.
ruber, II. 259.
squamata, II. 23, 260.

Simnia, II. 20, 234.
acicularis, II. 20, 234.
aureocincta, 11. 20, 236.
intermedia, IT. 20, 235.
lanceolata, II. 235, 237.
niceénsis, II. 237.
piragua, II. 20, 235.
purpurea, II. 237.
spelta, II. 236, 237.

uniplicata, II. 20, 284, 235, 237.

Sinusigera, II. 124.

Sipho, Il. 15, 774.

Bocagei, II. 174. °

celatulus, IJ. 174.

globulus, II. 15, 175, 176.*

glyptus, II. 166, 169.

profundicola, II. 174.

Rushii, I. 15, 175.

Sarsii, II. 174.
Siphonaria, II. 437.
Siphonodentalium, IT. 428.

quadridentatum, II. 428.
Sistrum, II. 18, 227.

ferrugineum, II. 217.

nodulosum, II. 217.

roseum, II. 217.

v. rubidum, II. 18, 217.

Skenea lirata, II. 278.
trilix, IT. 278.

Solariella, IT. 82, 874, 377, 878.
zgleis, II. 82, 379, 380, 381.
affinis, IT. 380.
amabilis, II. 32, 878, 879.
cincta, II. 880.

v. clavata, II. 32, 380.
v. depressa, II. 82, 382.

.
a ee ee ee

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 487

Solariella infundibulum, II. 32, 380, 881.*

y. tridea, II. 82, 382.
iris, II. 82, 382.
lacunella, II. 82, 881, 882.
lamellosa, II. 82, 379, 380.
v. lata, II. 82, 380.
lissocona, II. 82, 382.
lubrica, II. 82, 382.

maculata, II. 879, 380, 881.

Ottoi, II. 82, 380, 382.
peregrina, IT. 880.
rhina, II. 52, 380.
scabriuscula, I. 32, 379.
Solarium, II. 24, 274.
borealis, IT. 276.
granulatum, II. 24, 274.
hemisphericum, II. 275.
nobile, II. 274.
peracutum, II. 24, 275.
peregrina, IT. 380.
reticulatum, II. 385.
Sigsbeei, U1. 24, 275.
turbinoides, II. 379.
verrucosum, II. 274.
Solenella, I. 248.

Solenosmilia variabilis, II. 237.

Sphena alternata, I. 297.
Spirotropis, IT. 62, 94, 183.
Spondylus, I. 189, 227.
Gussoni, I. 189, 227.
Stectoplax, II. 417.
porrectus, IT. 417.
Stenoplax, II. 35, 415.
limaciformis, II. 415.
Sthenorhytis, II. 300.
belaurita, II. 316.
pachypleura, IT. 300.
pernobilis, II. 316.
Stigmaulax sulcata, II. 296.
Stomatia azonea, IT. 298.
Strigatella, II. 163.
Stylopsis, II. 29, 338.
Styloptigma, II. 335.
turrita, IT. 355.
Subemarginula, II. 34, 407.
octoradiata, II. 34, 407.
Subula, IT. 8, 62.
Subularia, II. 328.
Surcula gonioides, II. 77, 125.
staminea, II. 77.
Sychar, IT. 21, 242, 247.
Syncyclonema, I. 219.
Syndosmya, I. 278.

Syndosmya lioica, I, 278.
longicallis, I. 278.

Syrnola, If. 29, 833, 885, 339.
nitidula, Il. 354.
pulchella, II. 831, 353.

Tachyrhynchus, II. 274.

Teniodon, I. 198, 324.

Tapes turgida, II. 440.

Taranis, II. 11, 99, 728.
cirrata, II. 11, 728.
Morchii, II. 127, 228.
pulchella, II. 116.

v. tornata, II. 127, 128.

Tectura, II. 345.

adunca, II. 345.

galeola, II. 846.

pusilla, II. 345.

rugosa, II. 346.
Teinostoma, II. 31, 359, 360.

cryptospira, II. 361.

politum, II. 859.

semistriata, II. 360, 561.

Tellina, I. 194, 277.

Antoni, I. 194, 277; II. 440.

cuspidata, I, 292.

Gouldii, I. 195, 278.

obliqua, I. 279.

plectrum, I. 195, 277.

Souleyetiana, II. 440.

squamifera, I. 194, 277; II. 440.

sybaritica, I. 195, 277 ; II. 440.

tenera, I. 195, 277.

tenta, II. 440.

Tenagodes, II. 259.

Tenagodus, IT. 259.

Terebra, II. 7, 62, 302, 303.
aciculata, II. 7, 62.

v. acrior, II. 8, 66.
benthalis, II. 8, 64, 65.
cancellata, II. 66.
casta, II. 62.
cinerea, II. 8, 62.
concava, II. 8, 63, 64.*
dislocata, II. 8, 63, 64.*
flava, II. 66.
floridana, II. 8, 63.
hastata, II. 8, 62.
jamaicensis, IT. 62.
limatula, II. 8, 63, 66.

vy. lutescens, II. 8, 63, 65, 66.
Metcalfei, II. 194.
nassula, II. 8, 63, 66.

488 BULLETIN OF THE

Terebra obesa, II. 62.
Petitii, II. 64.
protexta, II. 8, 63, 65.
rudis, II. 64.

Rushii, Il. 8, 64, 65.
salleana, II. 62.
subulata, II. 62.
triseriata, II. 63.

v. vinosa, II. 8, 63, 64.

Terebratula, I. 187, 199.
Bartletti, I. 187, 200.
cubensis, I. 187, 199, 200, 201.
incerta, I. 187, 201.*
Moseleyi, I. 187, 199.
Murrayi, I. 202.
scille, I. 201.
siracusana, I. 201.
sphenoidea, I. 201.
vitrea, I. 201.

Terebratulina, I. 187, 202.

Cailleti, I. 187, 202, 208; II. 350.

caputserpentis, I. 202.
Tethys leporina, II. 453.
Thala, II. 162.

Thalotia, II. 366, 374.

Tharsis, II. 361.

Thecidium, I. 187, 204.
Barretti, I. 187, 205.
mediterraneum, I. 187, 204.

Thetis, I. 261.

Thracia, I. 197, 284, 306, 307, 309.
Conradi, I. 307.
convexa, I. 307.
corbuloidea, I. 197, 307.
distorta, I. 197, 307.
nitida, I. 281, 283.*
phaseolina, I. 197, 307, 308.
rugosa, I. 308.

Stimpsoni, I. 197, 307.
Thyca crystallina, II. 287.
Tiberia, IT. 29, 334.

nitidula, IT. 334.

Tindaria, I. 192, 253, 254 ; II. 488.

Torcula, II. 23, 264.

Torinia, IT. 276.

Tornatella Cumingi, II. 40, 41.
punctata, II. 40.
punctostriata, IT. 40.
pusilla, IT. 39.
textilis, II. 40.

Tornatina, II. 6, 44, 45.
bullata, II. 45. ;
canaliculata, IT. 45.

Tornatina Candei, II. 45.

coix-lacryma, II. 45.

recta, II. 45.

spatha, II. 45.
Toxoglossa, II. 62.
Transennella, I. 274.

Trichotropis, II. 24, 181, 132, 268, 269.

migrans, II. 270.

Triforis, II. 21, 242, 243, 455.
abrupta, Il. 22, 248, 249.
v. aspera, II. 21, 245, 246.
bigemma, II. 21, 247, 248.

colon, II. 21, 245, 247.
cylindrella, II. 22, 248,
decorata, II. 248.

v. filata, Il. 22, 248, 249.

hircus, Il. 22, 248, 249.

v. ibex, IL. 22, 248, 249.

250.

inflata, II. 22, 247, 248, 249.
v. intermedia, II. 21, 244, 245, 247.

lilacina, II. 21, 243.

longissima, II. 21, 245, 246.

mirabilis, II. 243, 245.
modesta, II. 244.

v. nigrocincta, II. 21, 243, 244.

v. olivacea, II. 21, 244.
ornata, IT. 244.
perversa, II. 243, 245.
ruber, II. 243.

Rushii, I. 21, 246.

samane, II. 21, 247, 248.
sarissa, II. 21, 245, 247.
torticula, II. 22, 248, 249.
triserialis, II. 21, 245, 246.
turris-thome, II. 21, 248, 244.

violacea, II. 243.
Trigona, II. 299.
Trigonia, I. 185.
Trigoniluna, I. 286.
Trigonostoma, II. 12, 129.

Agassizi, II. 12, 130.

microscopica, II. 12, 131.

Smithii, II. 12, 129.
tenera, II. 12, 129.

Trigonulina, I. 195, 286, 287.
ornata, I. 195, 286, 290.
Triptychus, II. 266, 334, 339.

niveus, IT. 339.
Tritia integra, II. 152.
Triton, II. 206, 209, 225.

tonium.)

americanum, II. 227.

antillarum, IT. 226.

(See also Tri-

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Triton brasilianum, II. 227.

cancellinus, IT, 221.
Cantrainei, II. 208, 211.
chlorostomum, II. 226.
clathratum, IL. 221.
eximium, II. 180.
eximius, II, 226.
gracile, II, 227.
lineolatus, II. 226.
Martinianum, II. 227.
nodulus, II. 226.
obscurus, IT. 226.
parvus, IT. 180, 226.
pileare, II. 227.
pulchellus, II. 226.
pyriformis, II. 226.
Swiftii, II. 226.
tuberosum, II. 226.
Veliei, II. 227.
vespaceus, II. 227.

Tritonidea, II. 15, 777, 188, 218.

auritula, II. 177.
cancellaria, II. 129, 177.
coromandeliana, II. 177.
D’Orbignyi, II. 177.
floridana, II. 177.
Haneti, II. 177.

lauta, II. 177.

limbata, II. 15, 165, 175, 177.
ringens, II. 177.

tincta, I]. 177.
variegata, II. 177.
viverratoides, II. 177.

Tritonium, II. 19, 209, 212, 221, 225, 228.

eynocephalus, II. 226.
femorale, II. 228.
gemmatum, II. 228.
labiosum, II. 228.
lanceolatum, II. 225.
Loebbeckii, II. 228.
Loroisii, II. 228.
maculosum, II. 225.
. nobilis, II. 225.
olearium, II. 226.
Poulsenii, Il. 228.
rubecula, II. 228.
tritonis, II. 225.
vespaceus, II. 228.

Trivia, II. 21, 240.
v. alba, II. 241.

approximans, IT. 241.
armandina, IT. 240.
candidula, II. 21, 240.

Trivia cimex, II. 240.
globosa, IIL. 21, 242.
labiosa, II. 240.
nivea, II. 21, 240.
olorina, II. 241.
oryza, II. 240.
pediculus, II. 21, 240.
pilula, II. 241.
pullata, II. 240.

y. rotunda, II. 21, 242.
spherula, II. 241.
subrostrata, II. 21, 240.
suffusa, II. 21, 240.

Trochatella, II. 286.

Trochita, II. 285, 286.

489

Trochocochlea monocingulata, II. 269.

Trochus egleis, II. 3880, 381.
amabilis, II. 578.
cancellatus, IJ. 361.
cinctus, II. 879, 382.
clavatus, II. 380.
conchyliophorus, II. 290.
conulus, II. 363.
fulgidus, II. 393.
infundibulum, IT. 380.
javanicus, II. 369.
jujubinus, II. 369.
Ottoi, II. 380, 381.
peregrinus, II. 380.
perversus, II. 248.
pulcher, II. 366.
punctatus, II. 252, 253.
rhina, II. 880.
rhysus, II. 380.
Schrammi, II. 387.
solarioides, II. 358.
tiara, II. 365.

Vaillanti, II. 381.
zonamestus, II. 369.

Trophon, II. 18, 199, 200, 202, 208, 204,

205, 206, 209, 210, 212, 291.
aculeatus, II. 205, 206.
clavatus, II. 205, 206.
coronatus, II. 204.

Dalli, II. 204.
Gerversianus, II. 204, 205.
Gooderichii, IT. 204.
Goodridgei, II. 204.
Lintoni, II. 205, 219.
Morchii, II. 128.
multilamellosa, II. 205,
muriciformis, IT. 204.
vaginatus, IT. 205.

490 BULLETIN OF THE

Tropidomya, I. 197, 301.
abbreviata, I. 197, 302.
Tropidophora, I. 301.
Trubatsa, II. 18, 215.
Tubiola, II. 386.
divisa, II. 394.
Tugurium, II. 26, 292.
Tulotoma, II. 378.
Turbinella pyrum, II. 156.
Turbo Briareus, II. 388.*
carinatus, IT. 352.
clathrus, IT. 299, 302, 305.
decussatus, II. 281.
delphinus, II. 304.
filosus, II. 352.
indutus, IT. 352.
lacteus, II. 335.
mammilla, II. 352.
moniliferus, II. 879.
pulchella, II. 351.
sanguineus, II. 351.

scalaris, [L. 299, 301, 303, 304, 305.

Turbona, II. 299, 800, 301.

Turbonella, II. 335.

Turbonilla, Il. 29, 304, 335, 388, 339.
belotheca, II. 29, 335.
curta, II. 29, 337.
flavocincta, II. 29, 336.

v. fulvocincta, II. 29, 336, 337.*
paucistriata, II. 536.
punicea, II. 356.
pusilla, II. 29, 337.
Riisei, II. 356.
rufa, II. 386.
Smithii, II. 338.
virga, IT. 336.
viridaria, II. 336.

Turcicula, II. 82, 341, 350, 376,* 456.
Bairdii, I. 341,* 378.*
amperialis, II. 82, 376.

Turricula, II. 157, 159, 160, 163.

Turris, IT. 161.
candida, II. 72.
virgo, II. 72.

Turritella, II. 23, 264, 266, 274, 302, 3038.

acropora, II. 23, 264.
alternata, IJ. 257.
costulata, II. 207.
exoleta, II. 23, 264, 265.
gregaria, II. 301.
imbricata, II. 23, 265.
interrupta, II. 536.
pagoda, IT. 265.

Turritella variegata, II. 265.
yucatecana, II. 265.

Tylodina, II. 60.
excentrica, IT. 344.

Typhis, II. 18, 194, 201, 274, 215,** 216.
alatus, IT. 215.
arcuatus, II. 215, 216.
cancellatus, II. 215.
duplicatus, II. 215.
expansus, II. 215.
fistulosus, II. 215, 216.
Jloridanus, II. 18, 216.
japonicus, I]. 215.
longicornis, II. 18, 216.
Sowerbyi, II. 215.
tetrapterus, II. 215, 216.

Typhlomangilia lithocolleta, II. 95.
Tanneri, II. 125.

Umbella, IT. 60.

Umbonium, II. 31, 356, 358.
Bairdii, Il. 31, 359, 378.

Umbraculum, II. 7, 59, 61.
bermudense, II. 7, 60.
mediterraneum, II. 60.
umbrella, II. 60.

Umbrella, II. 59, 60.

Unio, II. 456.

Unionum, II. 374.

Urosalpinx, II. 18, 211, 274.
carolinensis, II. 18, 166, 170, 274.
cinereus, II. 18, 211, 214.
floridanus, II. 212.
macra, II. 18, 214.
perrugatus, II. 18, 166, 212, 274.
tampaénsis, II. 18, 210, 224.

Utriculus, II. 6, 45, 46, 455.
biplicatus, II. 46.
conulus, IT. 49.
domitus, II. 6, 45, 47, 48.
Frielei, II. 6, 45, 47.
Gouldii, IT. 45.
leucus, II. 47.

Mayor, II. 6, 45, 46.
oliviformis, II. 48.
pertenuis, II. 45.
pervius, II. 6, 45, 48.
spatha, II. 48.

vortex, II. 6, 45, £7, 48.

Valvata, II. 299, 304.
Veneriglossa, I. 194, 275 ; IL. 440.
coniformis, II. 449.

— 2

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, 491

Veneriglossa vesica, I. 194, 275. Vesicomya atlantica, I. 194, 274, 275.
Venilia, II. 328. cytherioides, II. 439.
Venus, I. 194, 276. pilula, I. 194.
cancellata, I. 194, 276. Smithii, UL. 439.
coniformis, II. 440. subquadrata, I. 194.
cubaniana, I. 260, venusta, I. 194; IL. 439.
dysera, I. 276. Viriola, II. 250.
inequivalvis, I. 276. Vitrinella, IL. 83, 222, 359, 360, 361, 392,
pilula, I. 194, 276. 394.
pygmea, I. 194, 276. gemma, II. 393.
trapezoidalis, I. 276. Holmesii, II. 33, 360, 392.
Vermetus, II. 23, 260, 261, 262, 263. multicarinata, Il. 33, 278, 861, 3972.
Adansonii, II. 453. valvatoides, II. 359.
erectus, II. 23, 262, 263.* Vivipara, II. 304, 805, 878.
irregularis, II. 261. Volusia, II. 331.
lumbricalis, II. 261. Voluta, II. 13, 746, 4538.
nigricans, II. 261, 262. angulata, IL. 144.
radicula, II. 455. chlorosina, II. 147.
spiratus, II. 453. costata, IT. 145.
varians, II. 261. demissa, II. 144.
Vermicularia, II. 23, 260, 261, 264. dubia, II. 151.
Adansonii, IT. 453. floridana, II. 144.
lumbriealis, II. 23, 267, 262, 453. fulva, II. 147.
nigricans, II, 23, 261,* 262. Gouldiana, IIL. 154.
radicula, IT. 455. hebrea, II. 146.
spirata, II. 453. jaspidea, II. 134.
Vertagus Kochii, II. 259. junonia, II. 144, 748, 156.
| Verticordia, I. 195, 280,* 281,* 285,* Lamberti, II. 145.
286, 287, 288; II. 437,* 441,* 445, mississippiensis, IT. 145.
449, 450. muricina, II. 150.
acuticostata, I. 195, 285,* 286, 288 ; musica, II. 13, 144, 145, 146, 149.

II. 446. mutabilis, II. 144, 150, 151.
australiensis, I. 290. Newcombiana, II. 144.
celata, I. 286, 290. obtusa, IT. 144.
cardiiformis, I. 286. pallida, II. 142.
Deshayesiana, I. 286. polyzonalis, II. 147.
elegantissima, I. 196, 286, 291; II. pusio, II. 147.

440. reticula, II. 129.
Fischeriana, I. 287, 291. solitaria, II. 144.
flexuosa, I. 286. Stearnsii, II. 155.
granifera, I. 286. Trenholmii, II. 144.
granulata, I. 287, 292. vespertilio, II. 148.
japonica, I. 286. vexillum, IT. 148, 155.
novemcostata, I. 286. virescens, II. 18, 146, 147.
orbiculata, I. 267. Volutella, IT. 13, 186, 742.
ornata, I. 195, 290. agger, II. 145.
parisiensis, I. 286. amianta, II. 15, 143.
perversa, I. 195, 286, 289 ; II. 440. hadria, II. 13, 142, 148.
Seguenze, I. 195, 286, 290. lacrimula, II. 13, 742.
tornata, I. 286; IT. 446. ovuliformis, II. 143.
trapezoidea, I. 287, 290, 291, 292. Volutide, ITI. 144.

W oodii, I. 195, 286, 289. Volutifusus, IT. 150.

Vesicomya, I. 194, 272; II. 489. dubius, II. 151.

492 BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

Volutilithes, IT. 144, 145.
Volutolyria, II. 146.
Volutopsis, IT. 452.

Volutomitra gronlandica, II. 145.*

wandoensis, II. 160.
Volvaria pallida, II. 142.
Volvarina, II. 13, 136, 747.

albolineata, II. 18, 247.

avena, II. 13, 747, 142.

v. guttula, II. 18, 747.

pallida, II. 18, 242.

subtriplicata, II. 18, 142.

varia, IT. 141, 142.
Volvula, II. 6, 50.

acuminata, ITI. 50.

acuta, II. 6, 50.

aspinosa, II. 6, 51.

Bushii, II. 6, 51.

eburnea, II. 55.

minuta, IT. 50.

oxytata, II. 6, 50.

persimilis, II. 50.

recta, IT. 50.

June 8, 1889.

Vulcanomya, I. 196, 299.
Smithii, 1. 196, 299.

Waldheimia, I. 202.
floridana, I. 202.

Williamia Gussoni, II. 290.
Krebsii, II. 290.

Xenophora, II. 26, 290.
caperata, II. 291.
caribea, II. 26, 290, 291.*
conchyliophora, II. 26, 290.
Xylophaga, I. 198, 327, 318.
abyssorum, I. 198, 317.

Yoldia, I. 191, 248, 253.
liorhina, I. 191, 248.
solenoides, I. 191, 248.

Zierliana, II. 163.

Zizyphinus, II. 363.
euglyptus, II. 363.
tiara, II. 365.

Zoological Miscellany, II. 375.

ee eee, eo Is)

et ot fe
Sed

PLATE X.

Gymnobela Blakeana Dall; 8.25. Page 126.

Gymnobela extensa Dall ; 12.25. Page 126.

Mangilia bandella Dall; 9.37. Page 116.

Mangilia antonia Dall; 5.75. Page 116.

Leucosyrinx Verrillii Dall ; 36.0. Page 75.

Drillia polytorta Dall; 33.5. Page 85.

Drillia acestra Dall; 19.0. Page 87.

Drillia albicoma Dall; 25.7. Page 83.

Pleurotomella Emertonti Verrill & Smith ; 34.0. Page 122.
Daphnella reticulosa Dall; 11.5. Page 103.

Daphnella sofia Dall, outer lip imperfect ; 8.0. Page 107.
Mangilia ? scipio Dall, outer lip imperfect ; 14.0. Page 117.

Nore. —The figures denote the actual length in millimeters of the longest diameter of the speci-
mens as figured, whether that be the height or the breadth, except where otherwise stated.

= Pa

PLATE X.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA.

Photo. Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

McConnell del.

gt’
wih,
f a

Lys
oe |
sia
y

~

Phy
‘ft

PLATE XI.

Drillia nucleata Dall; 13.5. Page 92.

Drillia Verrillit Dall; 5.5. Page 93.

Drillia lissotropis Dall, young; 4.5. Page 91.
Drillia lissotropis Dall, adult ; 7.0. Page 91.
Drillia havanensis Dall; 9.0. Page 93.

Drillia lithocolleta Watson, young ; 12.5. Page 95.
Drillia smirna Dall; 15.0. Page 94.

Drillia oleacina Dall; 10.0. Page 94.

Mangilia pelagia Dall ; 10.75. Page 117.
Leucosyrina Sigsbeei Dall ; 25.5. Page 76.
Mangilia antonia Dall, young; 7.0. Page 116.
Mangilia comatotropis Dall; 6.0. Page 116.
Pleurotomella leucomata Dall ; 13.5. Page 120.
Mangilia ipara Dall; 8.5. Page 115.

Mangilia quadrata var. monocingulata Dall; 6.75. Page 114.
Mangilia quadrata var.; 7.0. Page 114.

Mangilia peripla Dall; 8.0. Page 115.

Drillia premorra Dall; 9.5. Page 93.

BLAKE
MOLLUSGA
PLAT
Ex

Tm
Ar

ie

MeCon
nell del
Photo.
. Lith. b
y L. S.Punderson &
Son, N
ew Hav
en, Conn

4.6% ie =
: MEE a as ae bee
= oe ee ee Sh ee

Figs.
66 We
Oaiae
ce 4,
6 5.
as aa
6é Oe
6 8.
ce 9,
oF 20.
see
66 12

PLATE XII.

Daphnella morra Dall; 5.75. Page 105.
Drillia pharcida Dall; 9.5. Page 88.
Mangilia ? subsida Dall; 18.0. Page 118.
Cythara cymella Dall; 13.0. Page 101.
Genota mitrella Dall; 12.5. Page 79.

Cythara Bartlettii Dall, adult ; 8.0.

Page 101.

Mangilia elusiva Dall; 9.25. Page 115.
Mangiiia toreumata Dall; 10.5. Page 118.

Pleurotomella filifera Dall; 17.5.

Page 123.

Glyphostoma gratula Dall, young; 17.5. Page 110.
Drillia detecta Dall; 11.75. Page 84.

Ancistrosyrinz radiata Dall ; 13.0.

Page 78.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA.

McConnell del.

Photo. Lith by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

os! Mb are mir Fi
‘ tl a. ihe a vee
4 f a . «
5 } Pas 1S
if y Pin» (dasa!
' ‘
\ ¥ i
7 f
F
‘ :
.
/
i
i
/
;
ty
; ‘
i
‘
j : .
7 ’
iy .
.
‘
‘ \
nn
i ,
' ' ue } — , it
- i
‘ hs ) . .
iy , .
é i
;
: at 7
J 1
‘ ,
*
j 3
‘
\ .
1
‘
‘ ‘
} .
\ '
‘ PAN ‘
a" ,
: / =
4, * sf es ‘
5 .
j \ ; ver
: ix
4 t

=
+

;
«
>

t ‘ , fa \
i : Dil ot 4
y \ ? slohae
i ' ie w/t ’ r ; Lod «
E a Finis ; i f j i N
5 y . ' ' s .
} ; | i . - TH) We p
; wae .
2 J Pes; Ye , -
¥ a NG, ee
& ut e

a 7 ~s
.
s
—"
y
?
.

=i
ra
>

—

—>
~
oe
,

ee ers

COND ov oo po

PLATE XIII.

Drillia eucosmia Dall; 19.0. Page 86.

Genota (Dolichotoma) viabrunnea Dall; 38.0. Page 80.
Drillia haliostrephis Dall ; 20.0. Page 86.
Glyphostoma Gabbii Dall, young ; 9.5. Page 108.
Glyphostoma Gabbii Dall, young; 9.5. Page 108.
Drillia pagodula Dall; 13.5. Page 90.

Glyphostoma Gabbii Dall, adult ; 19.0. Page 108.
Glyphostoma Gabbii Dall, young ; 16.0. Page 108.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA.

H |
i ll P "
AN
\ \

McConnell del.

|

\\

NETS)

se

PLATE XIll.

alee,
MY
AHN
CUCU

Vina
hs

Photo. Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

Fig. 1.
re ag,
so
ce 2
ce 3.
oT ote
ce 4,
ce 5,
cé 6.
6é 6 a
6c a
ce 8.
if 9,
ioe ii

PLATE XIV.

Amalthea benthophila Dall, on spine of Echinoderm, viewed from above ;
8.0. Page 289.

Amalthea benthophila Dall, from the right ; 8.0. Page 289.

Amailthea benthophila Dall, from below ; 8.0. Page 289.

Loripes compressa Dall; 11.0. Part I., page 266.

Capulus (Hyalorisia) galea Dall, from below ; 18.5. Page 288.

Capulus (Hyalorisia) galea Dall, profile ; 18.5. Page 288.

Pleurotomella Packardii var. Benedicti V. & S.; 11.0. Page 119.

Cythara Bartlettii Dall, nearly adult ; 10.0. Page 101.

Glyphis fluviana Dall, from below ; 10.6. Page 408.

Glyphis fluviana Dall, profile; 10.6. Page 408.

Daphnella corbicula Dall; 11.2. Page 103.

Cythara Bartlettii Dall, young ; 10.0 ; Page 101.

Umbraculum bermudense Morch? young shell; 10.0. Page 60.

Umbraculum bermudense Morch? profile; 10.0. Page 60.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XIV.

Lea ste.
Pais
f / WW S

Ya =

x
‘

4 ~ a ; ie \ :
‘*, 4oV\ \ \\
wh) nny iy
y Wy

I}
Uy

a
\ ‘\ \ p ‘
VA AN

Wd
RON

4%
Wd

NSS

\

McConnell del.

7 \ cl es wae Ri
va Hi "yi er

ES © Nm om Oo bo

PLATE XV.

Murex Pazi Crosse, young shell; 7.5. Page 199.

Trophon ? actinophorus Dall; 17.5. Page 206.

Pteronotus tristichus Dall; 15.5. Page 202.

Trophon lacunella Dall; 41.0. Page 205.

Dolium (Eudolium) Crosseanum Monterosato; 35.0. Page 232.
Mitra (Costellaria ?) styria Dall; 19.0. Page 159.

Typhis ( Trubatsa) longicornis Dall, young ; 7.5. Page 216.
Mitra (Thala ?) torticula Dall; 12.2. Page 162.

Mangilia ? exsculpta Watson ; 30.0. Page 117.

Fusus benthalis Dall; 15.0. Page 168.

Fusus anviantus Dall; 17.0. Page 169.

Nassarina Bushit Dall; 9.0. Page 182.

XV.

PLATE

BLAKE MOLLUSGA.

Photo. Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven Conn

McConnell del.

Fig.

1:
2
3.
4.
5.
6

PLATE: XVi;

Ocinebra (Favartia) cellulosa Conrad, young ; 12.0. Page 210.
Murex pomum Gmelin, very young; 15.0. Page 198.

Murex Hidalgoi Crosse ; 23.0. Page 198.

Murex hystricina Dall; 21.0. Page 200.

Coralliophila Deburghic Reeve, young ; 20.0. Page 218.
Coralliophila lactwea Dall, young; 11.0. Page 220.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XVI.

McConnell del. Photo. Lith by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conr.

aga Ws

~
Se Se ae ee ee

o

S

PLATE XVII.

Acteon incisus Dall; 9.0. Page 42.

Actoon incisus Dall var., adolescent ; 6.8. Page 42.
Acteeon melampoides Dall; 6.0. Page 41.

Utriculus vortex Dall; 7.5. Page 47.

Utriculus Frielei Dall; 8.2. Page 47.

Actoeon delicatus Dall; 10.0. Page 41.

Bulla eburnea Dall; 7.25. Page 55.

Atys? Sandersoni Dall; 6.5. Page 54.

Utriculus (vortex var.?) domitus Dall; 9.0. Page 47.
Sabatia bathymophila Dall, adult ; 16.5. Page 53.
Sabatia bathymophila Dall, adolescent ; 10.0. Page 53.
Scaphander Watsoni Dall ; 8.75. Page 52.

Bulla abyssicola Dall; 12.75. Page 56.

Acteon Danaida Dall; 11.0. Page 42.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA PLATE XVII.

McConnell del. Photo. Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

oe LE Ab,

—

is

a

12.

PLATE XVIII.

Scala hellenica var. Mérchiana Dall; 6.87. Page 322.

Scala discobolaria Dall; 6.5. Page 324.

Acteon perforatus Dall; 7.75. Page 42.

Scala aurifila Dall; 11.0. Page 322.

Niso interrupta Sowerby var. albida Dall; 8.1. Page 330.

Niso interrupta var. albida Dall, base ; 3.5. Page 330.

Aclis nucleata Dall; 9.3. Page 325.

Aclis lata Dall; 5.5. Page 324.

Scala contorquata Dall; 4.7. Page 318.

Scala polacia Dall, aperture imperfect ; 7.25. Page 319.

Scala formosissima Jeffreys ; 8.5. The aperture isa little distorted where
it joins the body whorl. Page 319.

Scala belaurita Dall; 8.3. Page 316.

Aclis egregia Dall ; 13.0. Page 325.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA.

McConnell del.

PLATE XVIII.

SseeP..

meee

i

eae
——

Photo. Lith. by L.S. Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

i PLATE XIX.

Rissoa precipitata Dall; 4.0. Page 279.
Marginella seminula Dall; 7.0. Page 139.

-Marginella Watsoni Dall; 9.5. Page 137.

Marginella fusina Dall; 8.0. Page 138.

Marginella yucatecana Dall; 5.62. Page 138.

Marginella swccinea Conrad ; 12.0. Page 139.

Marginella torticula Dall; 11.5. Page 141.

Columbella (Astyris ?) Verrillii Dall ; 9.0. Page 192.
Pedicularia decussata Gould, profile ; 6.0. Page 287.
Pedicularia decussata, young, showing spiral apex ; 2.5. Page 238.
Rissoa xanthias Watson var. acuticostata Dall; 3.7. Page 280.
Eucosmia brevis Orbigny ; 2.0. Page 351.

Columbella (Anachis) amphissella Dall; 4.0. Page 188.
Dalium solidum Dall; 41.0. Page 230.

Eulima (Melanella) arcuata C. B. Adams; 4.0. Page 328.
Letostraca fusus Dall; 13.5. Page 329.

Eulimella unifasciata Forbes ; 6.0. Page 338.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XIX

eT

> ee
a

McConnell del. seh :
Photo. Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

*y wee one 7 A
$c 4) bd Ol reat

PLATE XX.

Cerithiopsis Sigsbeeana Dall; 10.5. Page 254.

Cerithiopsis Martensti Dall ; 11.25. Page 255.

Cerithiopsis crystallina Dall; 16.0. Poor figure. Page 254.

Cerithiopsis (Eumeta ?) subulata Montagu ; 14.25. Page 252. |
Cerithiopsis abrupta Watson ; 4.3. Page 257. |
Triforis triserialis Dall ; 8.25. Page 246. |
Triforis cylindrella Dall ; 6.5. Page 250.

Triforis triserialis Dall; 15.5. Page 246.

Mathilda yucatecana Dall; 8.0. Page 266.

Triforis triserialis var. intermedia Dall; 11.0. Page 247.

Triforis abrupta Dall; 7.5. Page 249.

Triforis longissima Dall; 26.0. Page 246.

Triforis bigemma var. hircus Dall; 12.5. Page 249. |

Triforis torticula Dall; 10.5. Page 249.

Triforis colon Dall; 12.0. Page 247.

Triforis inflata Watson var. ibex Dall; 11.0. Page 249.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XX.

5
;
‘
-
*, oan
ih
+
meat:
«, yu
j
x
he A)
aay
a)
ah ;
phy
,
!

McConnell del. Photo. Lith. by L.S. Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

eg

Nis

‘ae

A |

Mi, rf

ap

oF

\e

PLATE XXI.

Solariella lacunella Dall ; base, 5.0. Page 381.
Solariella lacunella Dall; profile, 4.5. Page 381.
Calliostoma sapidum Dall; 5.0. Page 364.

Calliostoma echinatum Dall; base, 4,75. Page 364.
Dillwynella modesta Dall; top, alt. 3.0. Page 362.
Dillwynella modesta Dall ; profile, diam. 4.0. Page 362.
Calliostoma sapidum Dall; base, 4.12. Page 364.
Calliostoma echinatum Dall; 5.25. Page 364.
Umbonium Bairdii Dall, young specimen ; profile, alt. 4.0. Page 359,
Umbonium Bairdit Dall; base, diam. 5.0. Page 359.
Solariella iris Dall ; profile, 5.0. Page 382.

Solariella iris Dall; base, 5.5. Page 382.

Solariella lissocona Dall ; profile, 5.5. Page 381.
Solariella lissocona Dall; base, 4.5. Page 381.
Solariella lubrica Dall; profile, 4.0. Page 382.
Solariella lubrica Dall ; base, 3.25. Page 382.
Solariella scabriuscula Dall; base, 4.0. Page 379.
Solariella scabriuscula Dall ; profile, 4.75. Page 379.
Lunatia fringilla var. perla Dall; 6.5. Page 296.
Lunatia fringilla Dall ; 5.75. Page 295.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. .
PLATE XXI\

NAN
WHS
INS SS 3

y
WOO
AN |
TARANN
SRY

AR
{ww
AN

\\
\\
NAN
SOO
WY

I.
a L y lee S S' Sor ew aven onn
M nn {I Oto. itn ur erso G

6 a.

7a

PLATE XXII.

Turcicula imperialis Dall, immature shell without the apical whorls ;
13.0. Page 376.

Turcicula imperialis Dall ; base, 13.0. Page 376.

Basilissa alta Watson, var. delicatula Dall; alt. 5.0. Page 384.

Basilissa alta Watson, var. delicatula Dall ; base, diam. 6.0. Page
384,

Calliostoma circumcinctum Dall ; diam. 6.9. Page 364.

Calliostoma circumcinctum Dall; alt. 8.0. Page 364.

Gaza superba Dall ; profile, alt. 24.0. Page 354.

Gaza superba Dall ; base, diam. 35.5. Page 354.

Microgaza rotella Dall; base, diam. 6.75. Page 357.

Microgaza rotella Dall; profile, alt. 4.0. Page 357.

Fluxina brunnea Dall; profile, alt. 10.75. The margins of the aper-
ture are broken. Page 273.

Fluxina brunnea Dall; base, diam. 15.5. Page 273.

Callogaza Watsoni Dall; profile, alt. 7.75. Page 356.

Callogaza Watsoni Dall ; base, diam. 12.5. Page 356.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XxXIl

y me f

AW

hu, TEASERS
1) APA
RNS

NANOS we
NSS

——
—
eee
—

McConnell del. Photo, Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

el ae TR

PLATE XXIII.

Callogaza Watsoni Dall, young ; 8.0. Page 356.

Calloguza Watsoni Dall, young ; 8.0. Page 356.

Liotia variabilis Dall; base, diam. 6.0. A calcareous foraminifer is
attached to the periphery. Page 390.

The same in profile, alt. 4.5. Page 390.

Solarium Sigsbeet Dall; diam. 5.5. Margin of aperture defective.
Page 275.

The same in profile, alt. 2.3. Page 275.

Basilissa (Ancistrobasis) costulata Watson var. depressa Dall; base,
diam. 5.0. Page 384.

Basilissa (Ancistrobasis) costulata Watson var. depressa Dall ; profile,
alt. 2.5. Page 384.

Fluxina discula Dall, profile; alt. 3.0. Page 273.

Fluxina discula Dall; base, 6.5. Page 273.

Calliostoma (Dentistyla) asperrimum var. dentiferum Dall ; base, 6.0.
Page 373.

Calliostoma (Dentistyla) asperrimum var. dentiferum Dall ; profile,
showing tooth on the pillar; 7.5. Page 373.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XXIII.

Nn)

Woy ~

EV
TI WIR ae
ANT ANN

McConnell del. Photo: Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

"A/V Tee SF Oe wih * -y ;

PLATE XXIV.

Calliostoma (Dentistyla) sericifilum Dall ; 4.2. Page 373.
Calliostoma (Dentistyla) sericifilum Dall ; base, 4.5. Page 373.
Callogaza Watsoni Dall, base of young shell; 6.0. Page 354.
Callogaza Watsoni Dall; 6.0. Page 354.

Calltostoma apicinum Dall; alt. 7.5. Page 366.

Calliostoma apicinum Dall; base, diam. 7.0. Page 366.

Calliostoma yucatecanum Dall; 7.0. Page 370.

Calliostoma yucatecanum Dall; base, 7.0. Page 370.

Liotia briareus Dall; alt. 7.5. Page 388.

Liotia briareus Dall ; base, 9.0. Page 388.

Calliostoma rosecolum Dall; alt. 9.5. Page 366.

Calliostoma roseolum Dall ; base, 7.0. Page 366.

Leptothyra Philipiana Dall ; alt. 3.5. Page 353.

Leptothyra Philipiana Dall; base, diam. 4.0. Page 353. This
species is named in honor of Dr. Philip P. Carpenter, another
species having received the name of Carpenteri since this paper
went to press.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA.

McConne!! del.

PLATE XXIV.

Photo. Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

PLATE XXV.

Addisonia (lateralis var.?) paradoxa Dall, from above; 10.0. Page
344,

Addisonia (lateralis var.?) paradoxa Dall, profile ; alt. 4.0. Page 344.

Addisonia (lateralis var.?) paradoxa Dall, from below, showing soft
parts. Page 344.

Addisonia (lateralis var.?) paradoxa Dall; showing animal crawling.
Page 344.

Addisonia (lateralis var.?) paradoxa Dall ; dentition, complete series
across the radula. Page 344.

Cocculina Beanii Dall; dentition, transverse series and one detached
uncipus. Page 347.

Pectinodonta arcuata Dall; dentition, pair of laterals. Page 411.

Pectinodonta arcuata Dall ; base of right lateral, with cusp broken off.
Page 411.

Pectinodonta arcuata Dall; shell in profile, twice natural size.
Page 411.

Cocculina Beanii Dall, in profile ; 8.0. Page 347.

Cocculina Rathbuni Dall; dentition, transverse series and two de-
tached uncini. Page 347.

Lepetella tubicola Verrill ; dentition, transverse series. Page 413-

Cocculina Rathbuni Dall, from above; 10.0. Page 347.

Cocculina Rathbuni Dall, in profile; 10.0. Page 347.

Cocculina Beanii Dall, from above ; 8.0. Page 347.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XXV.

McConnell del. Photo Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

.
y

PLATE XXVI.

Dentalium sericatum Dall; 13.0. Page 423. |

Turbonilla interrupta Totten; foot of animal from below, greatly
magnified. Page 337.

Turbonilla interrupta Totten; animal from above. Page 337.

Turritella yucatecana Dall; 16.5. Page 265.

Siliquaria modesta Dall ; 26.0. Page 260.

Dentalium ceratum Dall; 30.0. Page 424, |

Bivonia exserta Dall, young in first stage ; 11.0. Page 264. |

Puncturella circularis Dall ; from below; 5.75. Page 403.

Puncturella circularis Dall, profile; 5.75. Page 403.

Turbonilla curta Dall ; the aperture is imperfect ; 8.3. Page 337.

Turbonilla belotheca Dall; 14.0. Page 335.

Puncturella trifolium Dall, from below ; 14.0. Page 403.

Puncturella trifolium Dall, profile ; 14.0. Page 403.

Hanleyia tropicalis Dall; medial valve ; 4.0. Page 415.

Hanleyia tropicalis Dall ; posterior valve ; 3.0. Page 415.

Dentalium ophiodon Dall; 12.5. Page 427.

Mathilda barbadense Dall; 6.2. Page 266.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XXVI.

McConneli del. Photo. Lith. by LS.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

St Roe Po

* > 10.
oh ets
pad

| PR

CGE A os
set 2.es

“19d.

PLATE XXVII.

Dentalium laqueatum Verrill ; 29.0. Page 426.

Dentalium ceratum Dall, very young; 7.0. Page 424.

Dentalium carduus Dall ; 16.0. Page 423.

Dentalium Gouldii Dall, var. obscurum ; 28.0. Page 424,

Cadulus quadridentatus Dall, and outline of aperture, of which the
antero-posterior line is across the plate ; 10.0. Page 428.

Denialium perlongum Dall, and outline of aperture, of which the
antero-posterior line is across the plate ; 80.0. Page 419.

Cadulus amiantus Dall; 5.75. Page 431.

Cadulus lunula Dall, and outline of aperture, of which the antero-
posterior line is across the plate ; 6.0. Page 431.

Cadulus equalis Dall, and outline of aperture, of which the antero-
posterior line is across the plate ; 15.0. Page 429.

Dentaliwm callithriz Dall; 25.0. Page 427. |

Cadulus acus Dall; 8.0. Page 482.

Dentalium ensiculus Jeffreys, and outline of aperture, of which the
antero-posterior line is across the plate; 20.0. Page 428.

Cadulus Watsoni Dall, and outline of aperture, of which the antero-
posterior line is across the plate ; 13.0. Page 429.

Dentalium callipeplum Dall ; 36.0. Page 419.

Cadulus Agassizit Dall, and outline of aperture, of which the antero-
posterior line is across the plate ; 9.0. Page 430.

Cadulus cucurbita Dall, and outline of aperture, of which the antero-
posterior line is across the plate; 4.0. Page 481.

Tlic noa ct

(he | te 1 Ly SLi feheeg
Oi iii wrest io — eT
pe > U da,
ups ‘©

PLATE XXVII.

| ili

cers Aakers iter Aiea rcdereumnar oe

BLAKE MOLLUSGA.

Photo. Lith. by L.S. Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

McConne!! del.

Fig. 1.
“é Dy,
éé 3°
A ie
pea eos
ce 6.
“é Tf
atk
owes
gee)
66 1k

PLATE XXVIII.

Margarita erythrocoma Dall; alt. 5.0. Page 375.
Calliostoma orion Dall; alt. 4.5. Page 367.

Ethalia solida Dall, base; 2.75. Page 362.

Rimula frenulata Dall, from above ; 6.25. Page 406.
Ethalia solida Dall, profile ; 2.0. Page 362.

Fossarus (Gottoina) compactus Dall, profile; 2.3. Page 273.
Ethalia reclusa Dall, profile ; alt. 1.0. Page 361.
Ethalia reclusa Dall, base ; 2.1. Page 361.
Cyclostrema pompholyx Dall; 4.2. Page 394.
Fossarus (Gottoina) bellus Dall ; 3.5. Page 272.
Liotia miniata Dall; 2.5. Page 390.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XXVIII.

vail
Mie

McConnell del. Photo. Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

PLATE XXIX.

Fig. 1. Plewrotomaria Quoyana F. & B. The animal sketched from life by
J. H. Blake, redrawn by McConnell ; 50.0. Page 397.

‘* 2. Lampusia gracile Reeve ; 25.5. Page 227.

‘* 3. <Aurinia Gouldiana Dall; 69.0. Page 154.

“4. Fusus Caloosaénsis Heilprin ; 60.0. Page 167. In arranging the fig-
ures for the plates, by an error this figure was substituted for that of
F. timessus, Dall. The figure of /. témessus will therefore appear in
my Report on the Fossils of the Florida Pliocene.

Esopus Stearnsii Tryon ; 4.0. Page 194.
Terebra (Acus) benthalis Dall; 21.0. Page 65.
Dolophanes Gabbit Dall; 9.00. Page 270.
Mesostoma migrans Dall; 9.25. Page 270.

lal i at

Figures 3 and 5 were drawn by Sherman F. Denton; Figure 4, by John I.
Ridgway ; the others, by Dr. J. C. McConnell.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA.

McConnell del.

PLATE XXIX.

Photo. Lith. by L..S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

a MJ A
eae “oe ee
Cn
ty s —

v wa

Figs:
$e De
66 3.
6c 4,
Oo
96.

PLATE XXX.

Pleurotomaria Adansoniana C. & F. Redrawn by McConnell from
water-color sketch from life by J. H. Blake. The shell is merely
indicated. Page 400.

Anterior termination of gill in P. Adansoniana. a, osphradium ;
b, blood sinus (?). Only the inner series of gill lamelle is here indi-
cated. At this part of the gill they are narrow and pointed ; farther
back, they become broader and more rounded at the distal end.

Posterior free termination of intestine (c) lying on the glandular
(renal ?) organ, behind which in the commissure are two orifices on
each side (a), with a short bunch of papille behind them and the
flaps of the mantle with their papillose edges (8) corresponding to the
edges of the sinus on each side. Page 400.

Another specimen. Page 400.

The first specimen crawling. Page 400.

The head, viewed from above. Page 400.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XXX,

McConnell del. Photo. Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

SViuT) hee

CAI is

Fig. 1.

66

bo

7 Se

10.

Tt,

PLATE XXXI,

Pleurotomaria Quoyana F. & B. Rhachidian and lateral teeth much

* magnified. 1b, one of the outermost uncini; 1c, one of the inner
tricuspid uncini greatly magnified. Page 397.

Propilidium ancyloide Forbes. Transverse row of teeth from above,
2 b, rhachidian and lateral teeth in profile; 2 c, jaw. All much
magnified. Page 412.

Pleurotomaria Adansoniana C. & F. Separated teeth numbered in
their order from the rhachis ; 0, rhachidian tooth. Page 400.

General view of a single transverse row of teeth. Page 400.

Same, a single tufted uncinus ; 742, Page 400.

Same, end of tufted uncinus ; 22%. Page 400.

Cocculina spinigera Jeffreys. Penis from above magnified. Pages
346, 348.

Cocculina spinigera Jeffreys. Head from above, showing tentacles and
position of penis at the side of the right tentacle, magnified. Page
346.

Rhachidian tooth of C. spinigera. Page 346.

Scutellina antillarum (Shuttleworth) Auct. Showing rhachidian tooth,
laterals and consolidated uncini of one side of a single transverse row
of the radula ; 29. Page 342.

The same, a single separated uncinus. Page 342.

|
;
r

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XXxXI.

McConnell del. Photo. Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

7

ae

a . &
i SP ( %
at ; 7
, uy iy, ,
mY a i! ari 5s
FW fe! ting!
?

a? bh

De eee eee

9.
10.
11.
12.

PLATE XXXII.

Calliostoma (Eutrochus) cinetellum Dall; 8.0. Page 372.

Pleurotoma periscelida Dall; 40.5. Page 74.

Calliostoma (Eucasta) indiana Dall; 7.6. Page 368.

Calliostoma (Kutrochus) cinctellum Dall ; 9.5. Page 372.

Calliostoma (EHucasta) indiana Dall; 8.5. Page 368.

Liotia (Lippistes) acrilla Dall; 4.3. Page 391.

Calliostoma (Eutrochus) Benedictt Dall; 18.0. Page 371.

Margarita (Bathymophila) euspira Dall; alt. 5.75; max. diam. 7.0.
Page 378.

Liotia (Lippistes) amabilis Dall; 5.0. Page 392.

Pleurotomaria Adansoniana C. & F.; 35.0. Page 400.

Liotia (Lippistes) acrilla Dall; 4.3. Page 391.

Liotia (Lippistes) amabilis Dall; 5.0. Page 392.

12a. Nassurina Grayi Dall; 12.0. Page 183.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XXXII.

McConnell del. Photo. Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

i x ; h , io a ~~ ys weet
” eb Mar

jak ig
xs ay"

— ‘
a eg eB ee

PLATE XXXIII.

Calliostoma corbis Dall; 5.0. Page 365.
Solariwm peracutum Dall; 17.5. Page 275.

Ovulacteon Meekit Dall ; apex, 3.0. Page 48.

Ovulacteeon Meekii Dall; 5.5. Page 43.
Solarium peracutum Dall; 17.5. Page 275.
Cyclostrena turbinum Dall; 3.25. Page 393.
Euchelus guttarose Dall; 5.00. Page 382.
Liotia Bairdiit Dall; 6.0. Page 389.
Leptothyra Linnet Dall; 5.5. Page 353.

Calliostoma (Eutrochus) Sayanum Dall; 40.0.
Calliostoma (Eutrochus) Sayanum Dall ; 37.0.

Page 370.
Page 370.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XXXIIl.

Bus = -®
ye y

x
ee chet AY
een aeS Naat ek
SON :
ECEMEE LLY

\h x

ASS
TL nee Re

Nae
LEE
SSS Sess

ae © <

=
wry.
4 we

McConnell del. Photo. Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

PLATE XXXIV.

These figures are from unpublished drawings by the late Dr. William Stimpson.

Fig. 1.

1)

Our

Olivella mutica Say; a-g, varieties of form and color, natural size ;
h, operculum, natural size ; 2, 7, operculum outside and inside, mag-
nified ; m, animal crawling ; , head, showing absence of eyes and
tentacles ; 0, section of oral aperture, magnified ; p, penis ; 7, sec-
tion of shell showing absorption of internal walls. Page 133.

Olivella mutica Say ; dentition. Page 133.

Purpura floridana Conrad. c¢, animal from. below, natural size ;
d, head and verge from above. Page 217. ;

Purpura floridana Conrad ; dentition. Page 217.

Scaphella junonia Hvass. , shell one half natural size ; c, sculpture
of early whorls ; d, nucleus; ¢, section of shell. Page 148.

Volutomitra gréinlandica Beck. Young shell and magnified nucleus.
Page 145.

Volutomitra grénlandica Beck. Rhachidian tooth; a, from above ;
6, in profile. Page 145.

Oliva literata Lamarck. a, animal crawling, 2; 6, tentacula and eyes ;
c, soft parts removed from the shell, showing (f) foot, (7) propo-
dium, (1%) respiratory siphon, (7) vent, (2) posterior filament of
mantle, (7) mantle raised up, (2) verge, (0) gill; d, section of muz-
zle showing proboscis extruded ; ¢, gill and sensory organ (osphra-
dium). Page 133.

Oliva literata Lamarck. Dentition taken from a female specimen.
Page 133.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA. PLATE XXXIV.

eee CUO :
tll Dageatag BH et Nn Va
Ly Oey
Pa UG aie
titanyl

McConnell del. Photo. Lith. by L.S. Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

Fig. 1:
ay has
“eé 3.
Br nds
pit Nast
Pie a
se eee
PSs ee
coy g),
bia oe
re aS
ee

PLATE XXXV.

Mitromorpha biplicata Dall; 7.0. Page 165.

Aurinia robusta Dall ; 119.0. Page 153.

Columbella (Astyris) profundi Dall; 8.0. Page 192.
Canceliaria (Trigonostoma) Agassizi Dall ; 13.5. Page 130.
Fusus eucosmius Dall ; 85.0. Page 167.

Benthobia Tryont Dall; 13.0. Page 132.

Fusus halistreptus Dall ; 80.0. Page 168.

Marginella cassis Dall; 15.0. Page 1387.

Columbella (Astyris) diaphana Verrill ; 9.0. Page 191.
Conomitra Blakeana var. levior Dall; 9.75. Page 164.
Liomesus ? Stimpsoni Dall; 32.5. Page 176.

Eudolium Verrillit Dall ; 32.0. Page 233.

‘12a. Stpho (Ptychosalpinax ?) globulus Dall; 31.0. Page 175.

PLATE XXXV.

———————

—<—=—_—

AU

i
i
N ual =

BLAKE MOLLUSGA.

Photo. Lith. by L..S. Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

McConnell del.

=

Fig. 1.
ae hres
ce 8.
6é 4.
ce 5.
ce 6.
6c“ lie
ce RT
6 9,
ce 10
ce 11

PLATE XXXVI.

Drillia alesidota var. macilenta Dall ; 36.5. Page 85.
Lampusia pharcida Dall ; 23.6. Page 227.

Driilia (Cymatosyrinz) Mosert Dall ; 30.0. Page 97.
Daphnella pompholyx Dall; 12.5. Page 104.
Leucosyrinx tenoceras Dall ; 60.0. Page 76.
Pleurotomella Edgariana Dall; 58.0. Page 121.
Mesorhytis Meekiana Dall; 15.5. Page 172.

Terebra nassula Dall; 55.0. Page 66.

Drillia (Cymatosyrinx) centimata Dall; 22.5. Page 95.

Drillia (Cymatosyrinx) eepynota Dall; 15.0. Page 96.
Cordicria Rowaultit Dall ; 13.6. Page 98.

BLAKE MOLLUSGA.

McConnell del.

PLATE XXXVI.

Photo. Lith. by L.S.Punderson & Son, New Haven, Conn.

eae’

ee ee

PLATE XXXVII.

Cancellaria (Trigonostoma) Smithit Dall; 10.5. Page 129.

Calliostoma aurora Dall; lat. 26.5. Page 366.

Ringicula nitida Verrill; 7.5. Page 43.

Pleurotomaria (Entemnotrochus) Adansoniana Crosse and Fischer ;
major diam. 88.0. Page 400.

Pleurotomaria (Perotrochus) Quoyana Fischer and Bernardi ; major
diam. 48.0. Page 397.

Gaza Fischeri Dall, enlarged three fifths ; diameter of specimen, 25.0.
Page 354.

+ eS

BLAKE MOLLUSCA.

({
1)
ree

SN
RA
PARTS
SS

a
—

McConnell del.

PLATE XXXVI.

in relief by Photo

Engr. Co.

Fig.

See Bese

“I oD
. °

PLATE XXXVIII.

Pleurotoma (Leucosyrinx) subgrundifera Dall; 30.0. Page 77.
Marginella Watsonit Dall; 9.5. Page 137.

Pleurotoma (Ancistrosyrinx) elegans Dall ; 27.0. Page 78.
Vermetus (Petaloconchus) erectus Dall ; 25.0. Page 262.

Typhis ( Trubatsa) longicornis Dall, adult ; 23.0. Page 216.
Leptothyra induta Watson var. albida Dall; 7.0. Page 352.
Mitra Swainsoni Broderip var. antillensis Dall ; 80.0. Page 158.

BLAKE MOLLUSCA

McConnell del.

PLATE XXXVIII.

In relief by Photo Engr.

Fig. 1
ێ 8.
ce 4,
ce 5.
e 6.
t¢ re
6 8.
ce 9,
66 10
a;

PLATE XXXIX.

Bushia elegans Dall; 12.5. Part I., page 309. Part II., page 440.
Cetoconcha bulla Dall; interior of left valve; 13.0. Part I., pages
281, 283. Part II., page 440.

Cetomya elongata Dall ; left valve ; 22.5. Part I., page 288.

Verticordia perversa Dall; 5.0. Part I., page 289.

Cetoconcha bulla Dall; left valve ; 13.0. Part I., pages 281, 283.

Terebratula cubensis Pourtalés, side view of shell adhering to a bit of
coral, natural size. Part I., page 199.

Verticordia (Euciroa) elegantissima Dall ; left valve of old individual,
natural size. Part I., page 291.

Terebratulina Cailleti Crosse, young specimen considerably magnified ;
Part I., page 202.

Eudesia floridana Pourtales, natural size. Part I., page 202.

Terebratula cubensis Pourtalés ; interior of hemal valve enlarged about
one fourth, from an original drawing by W. H. Dall. Part L.,
page 199.

Eudesia floridana Pourtalés; interior of hemal valve, natural size,
from an original drawing by W. H. Dall. Part I., page 202.

PLATE XXXIX.

In relief by Photo Engr. Co.

vepent aa sp
PENNA en

BLAKE MOLLUSCA.

McConnell del.

PLATE XL.

Pecten phrygtum Dall ; 36.5. Part I., page 217.

Cuspidaria microrhina Dall, dorsal view of right valve, natural size ;
Part I., page 295. Part II., page 440.

The same, side view.

Cardium (Fulvia ?) peramabilis Dall ; ?. Part I., page 269.

Callocardia, (Vesicomya) venusta Dall; 19.0. Part I., page 274.
Part II., page 439.

Amusium Dalli E. A. Smith, natural size. Part I., page 209. Part
Il., page 434.

Meiocardia Agassizii Dall; 22.0. Part I., page 271.

Tindaria amabilis Dall ; 15.0. Part I., page 255. Part II., page 438.

BLAKE MOLLUSCA. PLATE XL.

mess 1 ATT

:
fs
"sis
al
Wa
ay
+

A
nw

In relief by Photo Engr. Co.

McConnell del.

i BNA a Ge
fe ep ar) iin SA
PL | ve . >>

oe ee

i]
’
*
7”)

we) fi
ihe Bt
7 :

4D ‘ :
At i ‘ ey): ie
ht ee a A - ¢ ,

at

ay An Pe ’ ‘a A i) 4
; ay
, A Sui

ie

nh fa at ap il

QL Harvard Universitye Museum

i. of Comparative Zoology
oi Bulletin

vel8

Biological

8, Medica

Serials

PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY

s\ ont

+t ee ———

= ~-~ ee fat ore”
~——- ~- re 8, gig Ogg CU at eR em
o~ oh eg et ly el